text:
Application Information and Procedure
For detailed information about admission requirements for and applying to the DPhil in Philosophy, please see here:
About the Course - Entry Requirements - Resources - Funding and Costs - Colleges - How to Apply
Frequently Asked Questions about Admissions
What qualifications do I need to apply?
The entry requirements for the DPhil in Philosophy state the following:
"As a minimum, applicants should hold or be predicted to achieve the equivalent of the following UK qualifications:
the BPhil in Philosophy from the University of Oxford with a distinction or near-distinction grade, or an equivalent national or international qualification; and
a first-class or strong upper second-class undergraduate degree with honours in philosophy or a closely-related degree which involved substantial engagement with philosophy. However, entrance is very competitive and most successful applicants have a first-class degree or the equivalent.
For applicants with a degree from the USA, the minimum GPA sought is 3.6 out of 4.0. However, most successful applicants have a GPA of 3.7 or above."
Not all my degrees are in philosophy. Can I still apply?
I have an undergraduate degree in Philosophy (or a closely-related degree) and a one-year masters in Philosophy (or a closely-related degree). Am I eligible to apply for the DPhil in Philosophy?
The entry requirements state that the Faculty of Philosophy usually asks for an undergraduate degree in Philosophy (or a closely-related degree), as well as a master's degree that is equivalent to our two-year masters course, the BPhil in Philosophy. A one-year masters in Philosophy is therefore not strictly equivalent to our BPhil in Philosophy. However, the admissions board may decide to accept a one-year masters as an eligible degree for admission to the DPhil in Philosophy, but this cannot be guaranteed. The Faculty cannot unfortunately give you an assessment as to whether your current degrees make you eligible – as someone's whole application (including, and especially, the writing sample and references) is reviewed in order to make a decision on admissions to the course and it is therefore impossible to predict the judgement that will be made by the admissions board.
I have an undergraduate degree in Philosophy (or a closely-related degree) and a master's degree that is not in Philosophy (or a closely related discipline) OR an undergraduate degree not in Philosophy (or a closely-related degree) and a master's degree that is in Philosophy (or a closely related discipline). Am I eligible to apply for the DPhil in Philosophy?
The entry requirements state that the Faculty of Philosophy usually asks for two degrees in Philosophy (or a closely-related degree) for admission to the DPhil in Philosophy. However, the admissions board may decide to consider you for admission to the DPhil in Philosophy, but this cannot be guaranteed. The Faculty cannot unfortunately give you an assessment as to whether your current degrees make you eligible – as someone's whole application (including, and especially, the writing sample and references) is reviewed in order to make a decision on admissions to the course and it is therefore impossible to predict the judgement that will be made by the admissions board. However, please note that admission to the DPhil in Philosophy is very competitive (we receive approximately 160 applications for 15 places) and the vast majority of DPhil applicants have an undergraduate and graduate degree in philosophy (with some also having publications and relevant work experience), so you may want to take this into account when deciding to apply for the course.
I have an undergraduate degree and a master's degree but they are not in Philosophy (or a closely-related degree), am I eligible to apply for the DPhil in Philosophy?
The entry requirements state that the Faculty of Philosophy usually asks for two degrees in Philosophy (or a closely-related degree) for admission to the DPhil in Philosophy. However, the admissions board may decide to consider you for admission to the DPhil in Philosophy, but this cannot of course be guaranteed. The Faculty cannot unfortunately give you an assessment as to whether your current degrees make you eligible – as someone's whole application (including, and especially, the writing sample and references) is reviewed in order to make a decision on admissions to the course and it is therefore impossible to predict the judgement that will be made by the admissions board.
However, please note that admission to the DPhil in Philosophy is very competitive (we receive approximately 160 applications for 15 places) and the vast majority of DPhil applicants have an undergraduate and graduate degree in philosophy (with some also having publications and relevant work experience), so you may want to take this into account when deciding to apply for the course.
If you are serious about studying a masters and/or doctoral degree in Philosophy at the University of Oxford, you could possibly look into studying a philosophy conversion course. A philosophy conversion course (in the UK these are usually called a 'Graduate Diploma in Philosophy') offers you a way to earn another undergraduate degree (but this time in Philosophy) in one year instead of three years (it is shorter because you already have an undergraduate degree). Oxford University unfortunately does not have such a course but there are many other universities in the UK that do. You can do a web search for "philosophy conversion course UK" or "graduate diploma in Philosophy UK" to find them. There may also be one-year masters courses elsewhere which allow you to enter without an undergraduate degree in philosophy, upon completion of which you may be eligible for our graduate degrees in Philosophy.
What is a closely-related degree?
The DPhil entry requirements state that the Faculty usually asks for an undergraduate degree with honours in Philosophy or a closely-related degree which involved substantial engagement with philosophy, and the BPhil in Philosophy or an equivalent national or international qualification. It is not possible to provide a list of degrees that would be considered as closely-related to Philosophy as it is not the degree name that is taken into account when considering admissions, but the quantity of philosophy-related modules/topics/content taken as part of the degree. For example, someone with a degree in Politics who has completed considerable work in Political Theory and Political Philosophy may be deemed to be suitable to apply for our course. Similarly, someone with a Law degree who has completed considerable work in Jurisprudence or Philosophy of Law/Legal Philosophy or someone with a degree in Theology who has studied Philosophical Theology topics, may also be deemed to suitable to apply for our course. But this judgement is to be made by the admissions board once it is in receipt of your complete application. It is therefore not possible for the Faculty to give you an assessment as to whether your degree is closely related and would make you eligible to apply for the DPhil in Philosophy as someone's whole application (including, and especially, the writing sample and references) is reviewed in order to make a decision on admissions to the course and it is therefore impossible to predict the judgement that will be made by the admissions board.
My GPA/grades and/or my final degree results fall short of the entry requirements. Will I still be considered for admission to the DPhil in Philosophy?
An applicant will not be automatically excluded if they do not meet the minimum degree result(s) or GPA listed in the entry requirements but the Faculty cannot unfortunately give you an assessment as to whether your application would or could result in an offer – as someone's whole application (including, and especially, the writing sample and references) is reviewed in order to make a decision on admissions to the course and it is therefore impossible to predict the judgement that will be made by the admissions board.
Do I need to have publications to be accepted onto the course?
You are not required to have any publications but these may be an advantage as admission to the course is very competitive.
I have a non-UK qualification. How can I find out whether my qualifications match the entry requirements for the DPhil in Philosophy?
If your degree is not from the UK, visit the University's International Qualifications page for guidance on the qualifcations and grades that would usually be considered to meet the University's minimum entry requirements. If your degree is from a country not included in that list, then you should contact the UK National Information Centre for the recognition and evaluation of international qualifications and skills (UK ENIC).
What funding opportunities are available?
Please click on the following links for information about the funding available for the DPhil in Philosophy:
DPhil in Philosophy funding page.
You may also want to check this graduate funding page for relevant funding.
SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS/ APPLICATION MATERIAL TO BE SUBMITTED
Written Work/ Writing Sample
What is the requirement for the written work/writing sample, to be submitted with my DPhil in Philosophy application?
You should submit an academic essay of 4,000 to 5,000 words on a subject related to your proposed research topic. The essay should be typed or word-processed in English and must be clearly marked with your name and the date of composition.
Is it ok if my written work/writing sample is over/under the word limit?
It is in your interest to follow the exact instructions that are written on the admissions pages. If you submit a writing sample that falls outside of the permitted word-count range, your application will not be automatically discounted. However, we cannot offer you any assurance that it will be accepted. You may decide to truncate / extend your writing sample so that it reaches the word limit.
Does the word count for the written work/writing sample include footnotes and/or the bibliography?
The word count does not need to include the end bibliography. Footnotes and in-text referencing are included.
Can my writing sample be a selection from a longer piece of work?
Yes, your writing sample may be a part of a larger essay, article or publication, but in this case it is probably wise to use some of the word limit to put the writing sample into context, identifying what is discussed in the rest of the essay, article or publication and how the writing sample fits in with this.
Is it possible to submit a co-authored piece for my written work/writing sample as part of my application?
Unfortunately, co-authored papers are not permitted to be submitted as your writing sample. You should mention your publications on your CV but your writing sample should be work that is solely written by you.
Research Proposal / Personal Statement
What is the requirement for the research proposal and personal statement, to be submitted with my application?
Your research proposal should comprise a detailed outline of your proposed research, written in English, covering areas such as the background to the research, methodology, expected results and the contribution to the field of learning. It should be up to 2,000 words. Footnotes and in-text referencing are included in the word count, but the end bibliography will not be.
Your personal statement should be written in English and explain your motivation for applying for graduate study at Oxford. It should be up to 500 words. Both documents should be uploaded as one document.
What are the English language requirements?
Applicants whose first language is not English are usually required to provide evidence of proficiency in English at the higher level required by the University for all of our graduate courses. Please see the English Language Requirements page for details on the required test scores.
Can I ask for a waiver from the English language requirement?
University policy allows academic departments the discretion to waive the requirement to provide English language scores if an applicant has completed, or is currently completing, a degree-level course that is:
at least nine months in duration
undertaken at a recognised institution where teaching and assessment throughout the course is undertaken entirely in English; and
has been completed within 2 years of the start date of the course to which you are applying.
However, the Faculty of Philosophy usually only approves English language requirement waiver requests if the applicant is undertaking or has undertaken a degree at a recognised educational institution where teaching and assessment is entirely in English and if that institution is situated in a country where English is the first language.
To request a waiver, write a brief statement giving the reasons for your request and upload it to your application.
What if I have transcripts that are not in English?
Any non-English transcripts should be accompanied by a certified translation.
Can I submit references that are non-academic?
Academic references are usually required. However, if you have been out of education for a long time, or if you have substantial relevant working experience, then a maximum of one professional reference may replace an academic reference provided that it speaks to your ability to undertake philosophy studies at graduate level.
GRE Scores
Can I include my GRE scores in my application?
The entry requirements for all of our graduate courses in Philosophy state 'No Graduate Record Examination (GRE) or GMAT scores are sought.' which indicates that you are not required to upload your GRE scores for the university to count your application to be complete for consideration. You are not disallowed from submitting extra information, so you may wish to upload your GRE scores if you deem it important or in your interest, but we cannot unfortunately make a judgement as to what kind of impact GREs scores could have for an application.
Which colleges can I apply for?
Please click on the following link to see which colleges accept students for the DPhil in Philosophy:
DPhil in Philosophy college list.
Should I contact potential supervisors before applying for the DPhil?
You are encouraged to check whether there are potential supervisors for your proposed area of research at Oxford and indicate in your application if there are particular faculty members you would like to work with. Please take a look at our Faculty Members page to see if you think there are any Faculty members who could be an appropriate supervisor to guide you on your research. Please note that it can never be guaranteed that your proposed supervisor will be assigned to you, even if you receive prior informal approval from that supervisor.
What if the Board of Admissions decides that I am not eligible for the DPhil in Philosophy, can I be considered for admissions to the BPhil in Philosophy instead?
Unfortunately, the Faculty of Philosophy can only consider you for a place on a course that you have applied for, so your DPhil application cannot be considered for admission to the BPhil in Philosophy (or any other course in the Faculty of Philosophy or the rest of the University). Instead, you may decide to apply for the BPhil in Philosophy at the same time as applying for the DPhil in Philosophy, as a back-up for your DPhil application. If you were to be offered a place on the BPhil in Philosophy, and successfully completed it, you would be eligible to apply for the DPhil in Philosophy. Please note that you will have to pay the application fee twice if you do apply for both courses.
Is it to my advantage to apply before the deadline?
The Faculty of Philosophy's admissions process operates a gathered field (in line with University policy). It does not matter when you apply as long as it is before the set deadline. Earlier application does not result in an earlier decision as all applications have to be reviewed and assessed simultaneously, after the deadline has passed, but for administrative purposes (and to avoid IT problems due to system overload) it is ideal if you do not leave it until the very last few days.
Is it possible to receive a waiver from the application fee?
You can check to see if you are eligible for an application fee waiver on the central Graduate Admissions webpages.
Can I study this course part-time?
The Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Oxford only offers one graduate course in part-time mode of study, namely the MSt in Practical Ethics. All other graduate courses (DPhil in Philosophy, BPhil in Philosophy, MSt in Philosophy of Physics and MSt in Ancient Philosophy) are offered as full-time on-campus courses only.
It should also be noted that all graduate courses have a minimum number of terms of 'statutory residence requirement' in Oxford. 'Residence in Oxford' means residence within twenty-five miles of Carfax in the city centre (as stated in the university's examination regulations). A 'term's residence' means forty‑two nights within term (rather than within the shorter period of 'Full Term' (Weeks 1 to 8 of term – see Oxford University's Dates of Term). Nevertheless, since all classes and lectures, and most supervisions, take place within Full Term, it is in practice expected that students are resident in Oxford at least throughout Full Term.
Can I study this course via distance learning/online?
The Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Oxford does not offer any graduate (masters or doctoral) courses in Philosophy via distance learning/online. All Philosophy graduate courses (DPhil in Philosophy, BPhil in Philosophy, MSt in Philosophy of Physics and MSt in Ancient Philosophy) are only available as full-time on-campus courses. The only exception is the MSt in Practical Ethics which is currently only available as a part-time on-campus course (any questions about this course should be directed towards the Department of Continuing Education which runs this course in coalition with the Faculty of Philosophy (ethics@conted.ox.ac.uk)).
It should also be noted that all graduate courses have a minimum number of terms of 'statutory residence requirement' in Oxford. 'Residence in Oxford' means residence within twenty-five miles of Carfax in the city centre (see the examination regulations). A 'term's residence' means forty‑two nights within term (rather than within the shorter period of 'Full Term' (Weeks 1 to 8 of term – see Oxford University's Dates of Term). Nevertheless, since all classes and lectures, and most supervisions, take place within Full Term, it is in practice expected that students are resident in Oxford at least throughout Full Term.
Will I need to attend an interview?
Interviews are not normally held as part of the admissions process for any of the Faculty of Philosophy's graduate courses.
Is it possible to do a compilation thesis for the DPhil in Philosophy?
Yes, it is possible to submit several relatively independent but thematically interrelated papers. The examination regulations require that there be such a thing as 'the subject of the thesis', so these papers must collectively represent a coherent and focused body of research into a single subject. But they may also be independent of each other, in the sense that each paper need not presuppose familiarity with the arguments of the other papers. Each paper may therefore resemble a journal article more than a traditional monograph chapter. A thesis consisting of interrelated papers should include an opening integrative chapter, stating how the papers in the thesis relate to each other and to an overall field of learning in which the subject of the thesis falls. It is recommended that the connections between the papers (as well as any conclusions to be highlighted) and re-emphasised in the conclusion, which should be the last chapter.
Can I apply for the MLitt in Philosophy?
The Masters of Letters (MLitt) in Philosophy is awarded on the basis of a thesis of maximum 50,000 words for the MLitt. In practice, applicants are admitted for the MLitt only in exceptional cases, and few students submit a thesis for the MLitt. The MLitt is more often an exit award for DPhil students who fail or withdraw from the DPhil degree but meet the requirements for the MLitt.


Kraftwerks 06-13 Miata Supercharger on 1.8 EU Spec MX5 NC1 with stock internals - Miata Turbo Forum - Boost cars, acquire cats.
Hello guys – Greetings from Greece!
First of all, my respect, you have got a great forum and a great source of info.
I own a 2008 European spec 1.8 MX5 NC1 and I'm planning to install this kit : 150-10-0613 - Sport Compact - Supercharger Systems - KraftWerks USA which is designed to work with the 2.0 MX5 NC with stock internals.
Kraftwerks is reporting 250Whp /180 Ft/Lbs @ 7400 rpm for the 2.0 lt engine with a 85mm pulley.
There are several installations of the Eaton MP62 SC the ex Cosworth system now sold as FM SC or BBR SC in Europe on 1.8 engines.
There are at least two well known tuners (BBR in UK and SPS in Germany) that have installed these kits on 1.8 with stock internals and they working without issues.
BBR is reporting 176 lb.ft and 217 bhp and SPS is reporting 196 bhp (some difference may occur from different components thought, like exhaust etc).
Both tuners are using larger pulleys on the MP62 to reduce boost to 6-7 psi, since MP62 is puting stress on the rods early on at lower RPM.
A larger pulley (95mm) on the Rotrex to bring boost down, is not an option – I have checked with Kraftwerks - because the torque and power output are moving north of 5000 RPM.
On the other hand Rotrex is a very different animal from the Eaton MP62.
Taking all the above into account, I come to the conclusion that since torque will not be higher than 176 lbs.ft (as per BBR kit, already reported by KW 180 lb.ft for the 2.0) and will be outputted in higher RPM due to Rotrex operation and power will not exceed 200 bhp, my 1.8 engine will be safe to run with this kit and stock internals.
Not sure is the 10psi boost will affect anything, though.
As you understand I would like to avoid rebuilding the engine with forged parts since the cost is not justifying the results and I'm not planning to build a racing miata or go above 200hp.
I would appreciate your comments – suggestions, from your experience on SC/Turbo NCs with stock internals before I make my final decision and deposit the cash for the Kraftwerks kit.
You'll probably be fine if your main concern is torque breaking/bending rods as the Rotrex makes so little torque. You can always make a restrictor to reduce power if you are worried.
Is the block on the 1.8 the same as the 2.0? You should be sure so the mounting brackets/plates all line up.
I'd be most concerned about Kraftwerks and their (bad) reputation for quality and customer service. Might be hard to get support being in Greece and on a slightly different motor than the kit was made for.
Yes the block is the same, but our local workshop has a certified Mazda technician with a lot of experience in engine upgrades, so this is my last concern if there is any kind of issue there.
So far communication with Kraftwerks is OK they seem keen to help; I have not seen any complaints for quality about this kit from people that bought it in the US (at least in the related miata forums).
Sounds like you are good to go then... My only complaint problem with Kraftwerks has been their denial of belt issues on the kit that I have been working with (early NA kit). In any case- if the NC kits have good reviews from other users, and the blocks are the same I'd say go for it. I think the Rotrex unit is excellent.


At a time when all eyes in the nation are glued to the political heavyweights, a true underdog story truly touches the heart. The story of M Radha, the first transgender candidate in the fray for the Lok Sabha elections from Tamil Nadu, is the classic tale of an underdog.
The pioneer, who is contesting from Chennai South Constituency faces an uphill battle as it is the only constituency in the Tamil Nadu capital that will see a direct contest between arch-rivals, the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam, and the Opposition DMK, the two strongest political forces in the Southern Indian State.
Radha is a home cook by profession, but she is also a crusader for transgender rights and a social worker who raises awareness about HIV.
Radha plans to meet over 12,000 people in the run-up to the election on 18 April. It may be mentioned that Radha's symbol is the computer mouse.
Despite facing a Herculean test for the Lok Sabha seat, she is not short of confidence. "I think I can do better than the current politicians", she says, in an interview.
The country will head to the polls for the second phase of voting in less than 24-hours. Ninety-five Constituencies are up for grabs in Assam, Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Manipur, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Bengal, Chhattisgarh, and Union Territory Puducherry.


Majid Al Futtaim introduced LEGO to the region.
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The first LEGO stores opened in 2015 in Yas Mall, Abu Dhabi; followed by three in Dubai, Mall of the Emirates, City Centre Mirdif and Dubai Mall; and two in Kuwait, Avenues Mall and Mall 360; all in the same year.


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text:
Q: jQuery DOM array as an argument I'm working on some HTML pages, and I needed to add some tooltips. Because of the constraints, I chose a Jquery plugin named qtip. I really ain't that good with JavaScript, but I managed to do something that look like the attached picture. (edit : cannot add picture - sorry. But it looks fine ! ;)
For the tooltip content, you can directly put html as the argument. But in the documentation, it says

You can also pass a jQuery DOM array as the argument

(see the related page)
For several reasons, I'd really like to use this option.
I've searched the net a bit, but couldn't find how to pass this so called jQuery DOM array as the argument.
Code looks like this :
$('a[class="someClass"]').qtip({
    content: 'my content here',
    show: 'click',
    hide: 'click',
    (+ other arguments...)
});

My question : what exactly is a jQuery DOM array and how do I put it as the content argument ?
I'm sure the answer is on the web, but I already lost quite some time looking for it, and I can't really afford to spend 3 days learning JavaScrip just for these tooltips...
Thanks a lot.

A: I'm not sure what a jQuery DOM array is supposed to be either, but I think what they mean, is that you can use a jQuery object for the content.
content: $('#menu li:first')

EDIT
Actually, scratch my earlier example and try if something like the example above works. I'm guessing that $(this).attr('alt') is a bad example, since it anyways returns a string.

A: Well, it says:

You can also pass a jQuery DOM array
  as the argument, which will clone the
  referenced elements and append them to
  the tooltip content.

Without testing I would risk a guess and if you pass such thing:
$('a[class="someClass"]').qtip({
    content: $(".addme"),
    show: 'click',
    ...

All elements with class addme will be appened to the tooltip, for example if you have this:
Hello
World

"HelloWorld" will be appended to the tooltip contents.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<?php

namespace Bolt\Tests\Controller\Backend;

use Bolt\Controller\Zone;
use Bolt\Response\BoltResponse;
use Bolt\Tests\Controller\ControllerUnitTest;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\RedirectResponse;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Event\GetResponseEvent;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernelInterface;
use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\KernelEvents;

/**
 * Class to test correct operation of src/Controller/Backend/Backend.
 *
 * @author Ross Riley <riley.ross@gmail.com>
 * @author Gawain Lynch <gawain.lynch@gmail.com>
 **/
class GeneralTest extends ControllerUnitTest
{
    /**
     * @covers \Bolt\Controller\Zone::get
     * @covers \Bolt\Controller\Zone::isBackend
     */
    public function testControllerZone()
    {
        $app = $this->getApp();
        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt'));

        $request = $this->getRequest();
        $kernel = $this->getMock('Symfony\\Component\\HttpKernel\\HttpKernelInterface');
        $app['dispatcher']->dispatch(KernelEvents::REQUEST, new GetResponseEvent($kernel, $request, HttpKernelInterface::MASTER_REQUEST));

        $this->assertEquals('backend', Zone::get($request));
        $this->assertTrue(Zone::isBackend($request));
    }

    public function testAbout()
    {
        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt/about'));

        $response = $this->controller()->about();

        $this->assertEquals('@bolt/about/about.twig', $response->getTemplateName());
    }

    public function testClearCache()
    {
        $this->allowLogin($this->getApp());
        $cache = $this->getCacheMock();
        $cache->expects($this->at(0))
            ->method('flushAll')
            ->will($this->returnValue(false));

        $cache->expects($this->at(1))
            ->method('flushAll')
            ->will($this->returnValue(true));

        $this->setService('cache', $cache);
        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt/clearcache'));
        $this->checkTwigForTemplate($this->getApp(), '@bolt/clearcache/clearcache.twig');

        $this->controller()->clearCache();
        $this->assertNotEmpty($this->getFlashBag()->get('error'));

        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt/clearcache'));
        $this->checkTwigForTemplate($this->getApp(), '@bolt/clearcache/clearcache.twig');

        $this->controller()->clearCache();
        $this->assertNotEmpty($this->getFlashBag()->get('success'));
    }

    public function testDashboard()
    {
        $twig = $this->getMockTwig();
        $phpunit = $this;
        $testHandler = function ($template, $context) use ($phpunit) {
            $phpunit->assertEquals('@bolt/dashboard/dashboard.twig', $template);
            $phpunit->assertNotEmpty($context['context']);
            $phpunit->assertArrayHasKey('latest', $context['context']);
            $phpunit->assertArrayHasKey('suggestloripsum', $context['context']);

            return new Response();
        };

        $twig->expects($this->any())
            ->method('render')
            ->will($this->returnCallback($testHandler));
        $this->allowLogin($this->getApp());

        $this->setService('render', $twig);

        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt'));
        $this->controller()->dashboard();
    }

    public function testOmnisearch()
    {
        $this->allowLogin($this->getApp());

        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt/omnisearch', 'GET', ['q' => 'test']));
        $this->checkTwigForTemplate($this->getApp(), '@bolt/omnisearch/omnisearch.twig');

        $this->controller()->omnisearch($this->getRequest());
    }

    public function testPrefill()
    {
        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt/prefill'));
        $response = $this->controller()->prefill($this->getRequest());
        $context = $response->getContext();
        $this->assertEquals(4, count($context['context']['contenttypes']));
        $this->assertInstanceOf('Symfony\Component\Form\FormView', $context['context']['form']);

        // Test the post
        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt/prefill', 'POST', ['contenttypes' => 'pages']));
        $response = $this->controller()->prefill($this->getRequest());
        $this->assertEquals('/bolt/prefill', $response->getTargetUrl());

        // Test for the Exception if connection fails to the prefill service
        $store = $this->getMock('Bolt\Storage', ['preFill'], [$this->getApp()]);

        $app = $this->getApp();
        if ($app['guzzle.api_version'] === 5) {
            $guzzleRequest = new \GuzzleHttp\Message\Request('GET', '');
        } else {
            $guzzleRequest = new \GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Request('GET', '');
        }
        $store->expects($this->any())
            ->method('preFill')
            ->will($this->returnCallback(function () use ($guzzleRequest) {
                throw new \GuzzleHttp\Exception\RequestException('', $guzzleRequest);
        }));

        $this->setService('storage', $store);

        $logger = $this->getMock('Monolog\Logger', ['error'], ['test']);
        $logger->expects($this->once())
            ->method('error')
            ->with("Timeout attempting connection to the 'Lorem Ipsum' generator. Unable to add dummy content.");
        $this->setService('logger.system', $logger);

        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt/prefill', 'POST', ['contenttypes' => 'pages']));
        $this->controller()->prefill($this->getRequest());
    }

    public function testTranslation()
    {
        $this->removeCSRF($this->getApp());

        // Render new translation file
        $this->setRequest(Request::create('/bolt/tr/contenttypes/en_CY'));
        $response = $this->controller()->translation($this->getRequest(), 'contenttypes', 'en_CY');

        $this->assertTrue($response instanceof BoltResponse, 'Response is not instance of BoltResponse');
        $this->assertEquals('@bolt/editlocale/editlocale.twig', $response->getTemplateName());
        $context = $response->getContext();
        $this->assertEquals('contenttypes.en_CY.yml', $context['context']['basename']);

        // Save updated content and redirect back to page
        $this->setRequest(Request::create(
            '/bolt/tr/contenttypes/en_CY',
            'POST',
            [
                'form' => [
                    'contents' => 'test content at least 10 chars',
                    '_token'   => 'xyz',
                ],
            ]
        ));

        $response = $this->controller()->translation($this->getRequest(), 'contenttypes', 'en_CY');

        $this->assertTrue($response instanceof RedirectResponse);
        $this->assertTrue($response->isRedirect('/bolt/tr/contenttypes/en_CY'));

        $this->rmdir($this->getService('resources')->getPath('app/resources/translations/en_CY'));

        // Check that YML parse errors get caught
        $this->setRequest(Request::create(
            '/bolt/tr/contenttypes/en_CY',
            'POST',
            [
                'form' => [
                    'contents' => '- this is invalid yaml markup: *thisref',
                    '_token'   => 'xyz',
                ],
            ]
        ));
        $this->controller()->translation($this->getRequest(), 'contenttypes', 'en_CY');

        $this->assertTrue($response instanceof RedirectResponse, 'Response is not instance of RedirectResponse');
        $errors = $this->getFlashBag()->get('error');
        $this->assertRegExp('/could not be saved/', $errors[0]);
    }

    /**
     * @return \Bolt\Controller\Backend\General
     */
    protected function controller()
    {
        return $this->getService('controller.backend.general');
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
State Board Approves Changes to Oak Forest Hospital
Hospital will be closed, converted into an outpatient center
NBC Chicago
An Illinois health planning board on Tuesday approved a plan to close Oak Forest Hospital and convert it into an outpatient center.
The 7-1 vote was a change-of-heart for the board, which in May denied the county's first request to close the hospital. There were several vacancies on the board during the last vote. Gov. Pat Quinn has since filled them.
County officials hope the closure will save money -- about $25 million per year. Oak Forest Hospital continues to operate for now, but with stripped-down services.
Changes to the facility will happen quickly. The county plans to end immediate care and inpatient services as of Sept. 1, the Southtown Star reported.
A report from the Illinois Department of Public Health says closing the hospital would increase shortages of intensive-care and long-term care beds in the already underserved area.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The BlogUtopiaGift economy
ONE ON ONE: Lily Cole on The Gift Economy
At just 26, Lily has already carved out an incredibly successful career as a model and actress and graduated from Cambridge University. On top of that, she's just launched Impossible.com, a website and app that encourages people to do things for others for free. It's based on the idea of a gift economy, a mode of exchange where things are not sold but given. The site encourages people to post wishes of things that they want or need help with, and offer what they can give. Lily says she hopes the site creates a community that fosters giving and receiving. "I called it Impossible, because I thought that a lot of people would say that it was impossible," says Lily. "It's an incredibly utopian proposition and I quite liked facing the cynics from the beginning with the name."
Katherine Keating, Contributor
Contributing Editor The WorldPost, Executive Producer ONE ON ONE SERIES
Apr 29, 2014, 02:56 PM EDT | Updated Jun 29, 2014
I approached Lily Cole for ONE ON ONE because she's the perfect example of a socially engaged young person who articulately promotes her beliefs. Lily is devoting considerable energy to exploring a concept she is passionate about: the idea of a gift economy. A savvy millennial interested in political and humanitarian concerns, Lily is, like many of us, trying to navigate the terrain between consumerism and environmentalism. She's also a great example of an innovative young entrepreneur funding a tech start-up, putting her money where her mouth is rather than getting paid to promote someone else's venture. At just 26, Lily has already carved out an incredibly successful career as a model and actress and graduated from Cambridge University. On top of that, she's just launched Impossible.com, a website and app that encourages people to do things for others for free. It's based on the idea of a gift economy, a mode of exchange where things are not sold but given. The site encourages people to post wishes of things that they want or need help with, and offer what they can give. Lily says she hopes the site creates a community that fosters giving and receiving.
"I called it Impossible, because I thought that a lot of people would say that it was impossible," says Lily. "It's an incredibly utopian proposition and I quite liked facing the cynics from the beginning with the name."
Lily's interest in the gift economy saw her pen her university thesis on the idea of impossible utopias.
"The philosophy behind it was really something of individual empowerment and hope," she explains. Lily believes in the idea that, collectively, we have the ability to determine our world and our reality, to rethink and reshape it. "We are so much more powerful when we work together," she says, "and the world is potentially a much more enriching environment to be a part of when we are deeply connected to one another."
Attending Burning Man in Nevada, the art and music festival where campers must bring or trade supplies because nothing can be purchased, helped Lily experience a gift economy in action.
"I was fairly familiar with the gift economy as a concept and as a cultural practice, but my experience of the gift economy was limited," she says.
Lily found the Burning Man experience inspiring because it showed her first-hand how generosity can foster greater generosity.
At the end of our interview, Lily told me she enjoyed the opportunity to talk philosophically about how she thinks about our world. As a curated interview series, ONE ON ONE exists to provide a space in which people like Lily can discuss their thoughts on how we live and what matters most to them.
UtopiaGift economy


text:
Das Betriebsrätegesetz, von 1920 bis 1934 in Deutschland gültig, schuf für Betriebe ab einer Größe von zwanzig Beschäftigten die Verpflichtung, Betriebsräte wählen zu lassen.

Geschichte

Streiks an der Ruhr und in Mitteldeutschland im Frühjahr 1919 motivierten die Regierung zur Vorlage des Entwurfs eines Betriebsrätegesetzes. Betriebliche Interessenvertretungen und die freien Angestelltengewerkschaft versagten ihm Unterstützung, da wirtschaftliche Mitbestimmungsrechte der Beschäftigten fehlten. Ein überarbeiteter zweiter Entwurf versuchte den Konflikt dadurch zu beseitigen, dass zwei Vertreter der Arbeiterschaft in die Aufsichtsorgane großer Kapitalgesellschaften einrücken sollten. Diesem Plan widersetzten sich jetzt die Arbeitgeber, weil eine Einsicht in den Aufsichtsrat angeblich einer Einsicht in Betriebsgeheimnisse gleiche. In das verabschiedete Gesetz geriet dann der Kompromiss, dass zwar zwei Arbeitnehmervertreter in das Aufsichtsorgan zu entsenden waren, ihre Mitwirkungsrechte aber auf soziale Belange beschränkt wurden.

Gegen die geplante Verabschiedung des Betriebsrätegesetzes mobilisierten USPD und KPD am 13. Januar 1920 eine demonstrierende Menschenmenge vor dem Reichstagsgebäude, etwa 100.000 Teilnehmer kamen. Preußische Sicherheitspolizei eröffnete das Feuer auf die Demonstranten. Bei diesem Blutbad vor dem Reichstag starben 42 Menschen, 105 wurden verletzt. Reichspräsident Friedrich Ebert verhängte daraufhin den Ausnahmezustand. Das Gesetz passierte das Parlament am 18. Januar 1920.

Das Betriebsrätegesetz wurde am 20. Januar 1934 durch das Gesetz zur Ordnung der nationalen Arbeit (RGBl. I S. 45) aufgehoben.

In der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus war für ein Mitwirken von Arbeitnehmervertretern durch das auch in Betrieben geltende Führerprinzip kein Raum. Bald nach Kriegsende 1945 und der Wiederzulassung der Gewerkschaften drängten diese auf eine Neuregelung des Betriebsverfassungsrechts. Das Gesetz zur Ordnung der nationalen Arbeit wurde durch Artikel I des Gesetzes Nr. 56 des Alliierten Kontrollrats vom 30. Juni 1947 auch formell aufgehoben.

Siehe auch
 Novemberrevolution
 Blutbad vor dem Reichstag am 13. Januar 1920
 Betriebsverfassungsgesetz

Literatur
 Klaus-Dieter Feldmann: Die Betriebliche Willensbildung in Deutschland und Frankreich. Sozialökonomische Interessenbildungsprozesse bei der betrieblichen Mitbestimmung in Deutschland und Frankreich von 1815 bis zu ihrer derzeitigen Gestaltungsform. Wirtsch.- u. Sozialwiss. Diss. Aachen 1982.

 Ludwig Preller: Sozialpolitik in der Weimarer Republik, unveränderter Nachdruck des erstmals 1949 erschienenen Werkes Kronberg/Düsseldorf (Athenäum/Droste) 1978, ISBN 3761072104, S. 249–261.

 Axel Weipert: Vor den Toren der Macht. Die Demonstration am 13. Januar 1920 vor dem Reichstag. In: JahrBuch für Forschungen zur Geschichte der Arbeiterbewegung, 11. Jahrgang, Heft 2, Verlag NDZ, Berlin 2012, , S. 16–32.

Weblinks
 Faksimile des Reichs-Gesetzblattes, Jahrgang 1920, Nr. 26, (Nr. 7287) Betriebsrätegesetz, S. 147–174, Betriebsrätegesetz, 4. Februar 1920. In: 1000dokumente.de.

 Transliteration Reichs-Gesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1920, Nr. 26: Betriebsrätegesetz. Vom 4. Februar 1920. In: www.zaar.uni-muenchen.de (PDF)

Einzelnachweise

Kollektives Arbeitsrecht (Deutschland)
Historische Rechtsquelle (Deutschland)
Rechtsquelle (20. Jahrhundert)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Houdain Lane Cemetery is een Britse militaire begraafplaats met gesneuvelden uit de Eerste Wereldoorlog en gelegen in de Franse gemeente Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines (departement Pas-de-Calais). De begraafplaats werd ontworpen door William Cowlishaw en ligt aan een landweg genaamd Chemin des Revers op 1,5 km ten noordoosten van het gemeentehuis van Tilloy. Het terrein heeft een rechthoekig grondplan met aan de noordelijke zijde een halfcirkelvormige uitsprong waarin het Cross of Sacrifice en twee afzonderlijke graven staan. Dit ligt hoger dan het gedeelte met de graven en is bereikbaar langs twee trappen met een achttal treden. De begraafplaats wordt begrensd door een natuurstenen muur met een metalen hekje als toegang in de oostelijke zijkant.

Er liggen 76 doden begraven. De begraafplaats wordt onderhouden door de Commonwealth War Graves Commission.

Geschiedenis
Tilloy-lès-Mofflaines werd op 9 april 1917 door Britse troepen ingenomen, maar viel van maart tot augustus 1918 gedeeltelijk weer in Duitse handen tijdens hun lenteoffensief. Houdain Lane was een loopgraaf in het gebied tussen Tilloy en Feuchy. De begraafplaats werd in april 1917 aangelegd door eenheden van de 12th (Eastern), de 15th (Scottish) en de 37th Divisions.

Onder de geïdentificeerde doden zijn er 65 Britten en 2 Canadezen.

Minderjarige militair
 William Henry Wolstenholme, sergeant bij de Royal Fusiliers was 17 jaar toen hij op 9 april 1917 sneuvelde.

Begraafplaats van de CWGC in Frankrijk
Begraafplaats in Pas-de-Calais
Begraafplaats van de Eerste Wereldoorlog
Tilloy-les-Mofflaines


text:
In Historic Hiroshima Visit, Obama To Push For Nuclear-Free World
The mayor of Hiroshima and family of the deceased bow at the Hiroshima Memorial Cenotaph at Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park last year — the 70th anniversary of the bombing.
President Obama wraps up a weeklong Asia trip on Friday with a historic visit to Hiroshima, Japan. Obama will be the first sitting president to visit the city synonymous with the deadly nuclear age that began there more than seven decades ago.
Obama said he plans to "honor all those who were lost in World War II and reaffirm our shared vision of a world without nuclear weapons."
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who will accompany Obama, told reporters the trip "will no doubt create further, powerful momentum" toward that goal.
Some 140,000 people died in Hiroshima after the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the city on Aug. 6, 1945. A second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki three days later, and Japan surrendered six days after that.
White House officials stress that Obama will not apologize for the bombing nor second-guess President Truman's decision to use nuclear weapons.
"It's important to recognize that in the midst of war, leaders make all kinds of decisions," Obama told Japanese broadcaster NHK. "It's a job of historians to ask questions and examine them. But I know as somebody who has now sat in this position for the last seven-and-a-half years that every leader makes very difficult decisions, particularly during wartime."
Seventy-one years later, the decision to drop the atomic bombs is viewed very differently in the U.S. and Japan. Americans see the bombing as hastening the end of a costly and deadly war. A survey by the Pew Research Center last year found 56 percent of Americans approve of Truman's decision, while 34 percent disapprove. In Japan, nearly 8 out of 10 people see the bombings as unjustified.
Japanese leaders have been accused of minimizing their own country's conduct during the war. Prime Minister Abe told reporters he has no immediate plans to visit Hawaii this year for the 75th anniversary of the Pearl Harbor attack. Abe noted that he did visit the World War II memorial in Washington last year and placed a wreath in honor of all those who died during the war.
In Hiroshima, Obama is expected to tour the city's Peace Memorial and lay a wreath of his own along with the prime minister.
"Part of the reason I'm going is because I want to once again underscore the very real risks that are out there and the sense of urgency that we all should have," Obama told reporters Thursday. "It's not only a reminder of the terrible toll of World War Two and the death of innocents across continents but it's also to remind ourselves that the job's not done in reducing conflict, building institutions of peace and reducing the prospect of nuclear war in the future."
Obama's effort to reduce the threat of nuclear war contributed to his winning the Nobel Peace Prize. The president acknowledged in his NHK interview that he's made only "modest progress" so far in his campaign against nuclear weapons. He struck an arms control agreement with Russia and made a deal to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon for at least a decade. North Korea continues to press ahead with its own nuclear program. And critics complain the U.S. itself is spending heavily to upgrade its nuclear arsenal.
Obama has said since his first trip to Japan in 2009 that he would like to visit Hiroshima, but the White House was cautious about scheduling the trip, mindful that Republicans have repeatedly accused the president of conducting "apology tours." The administration is especially wary about offending World War II veterans and their families. National Security Advisor Susan Rice met with veterans groups in advance of the trip in an effort to allay any concerns. A spokesman for the Veterans of Foreign Wars declined to comment on what was discussed during that meeting.
Obama is expected to pay tribute to America's World War II veterans when he speaks in Hiroshima, and again on Monday when he observes Memorial Day.
"I could not be prouder of the U.S. military and the force for good that it has been," Obama told NHK. "The last time we had a significant military operation in Japan, it was actually to help Japan recover from the tragedy of Fukushima," when an earthquake and tsunami devastated the Japanese nuclear reactor.
As he did earlier this week in Vietnam, Obama will also celebrate the strong ties that grew in the aftermath of World War II between the United States and its former enemies. "We do that not by ignoring our history but by understanding it and recognizing it but then pledging to do better in the future," he said.


text:
Kelvin Jerome Kight (born July 2, 1982) is an American former college and professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for 4 seasons during the early 2000s.  Kight played college football for the University of Florida, and thereafter, he played professionally for the Green Bay Packer and New England Patriots of the NFL.

Early years

Kight was born in Atlanta, Georgia.  He attended Lithonia High School in Lithonia, Georgia, and played high school football for the Lithonia Bulldogs.

College career

Kight accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he played for coach Steve Spurrier and coach Ron Zook's Florida Gators football teams from 2000 to 2003.  Memorably, he caught six passes for 132 yards against the Florida State Seminoles in 2002.  As a senior in 2003, he led the Gators with thirty-nine receptions for a total of 591 yards.

Professional career

Kight was originally signed as an undrafted free agent by the St. Louis Rams in .  Over his career, he has also been a member of the Green Bay Packers, the Jacksonville Jaguars, and the Minnesota Vikings.  In Week 16 of the 2006 season, versus the Jacksonville Jaguars, Kight caught his first career catch on the first play of the game for the Patriots.  He was waived by the team on September 1, 2007.

See also

 List of Green Bay Packers players

References

1982 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Florida Gators football players
Green Bay Packers players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Minnesota Vikings players
New England Patriots players
Players of American football from Atlanta
St. Louis Rams players


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text:
Home » Law & Order
www.CHALDEAN.org the Official Chaldean Community Website
Chaldean Questions
If you could have free, unlimited service for five years from an extremely good cook, chauffeur, housekeeper, masseuse, or personal secretary, which would you choose?
Community Events & Annoucements
Announce your event, activity, or meeting by e-mailing info@chaldean.org
CHALDEAN COMMUNITY POSTINGS
Chaldean Words of Wisdom
If I try to be like him, who will be like me?
www.CHALDEAN.org Factoids
Definition: Involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct.
Synonyms: intellectual
www.CHALDEAN.org: The Official Chaldean Community Website
Today's Birthday
I feel monotony and death to be almost the same.
Top News and Information
FOR SALE - Michigan Businesses
FOR SALE - SAN DIEGO
MSJ Grad Wins Asylum for Iraqi Family
By Guest Reporter :: 10 Views :: Law & Order, Government & Society
Vermont, USA - It was supposed to be practice. When he was through, Sean Burke said helping an Iraqi family find asylum in the United States opened his eyes to the world.
"We can turn our backs on these people, say they're lying, say they're just going to live off the system," he said. "That's ignorant."
Burke, 24, grew up in Castleton and graduated from Mount St. Joseph Academy in 2000. He is a third-year law student at Villanova. Late last year, he said he and another third year student represented a (Chaldean) family that fled Iraq and were caught at the U.S.-Mexico border with fake Greek passports.
Chaldeans in Kirkuk see Hope in Christmas Dialogue of Peace
By Ziad Bitti :: 10 Views :: Religion & Spirituality, Law & Order, Government & Society
Kirkuk, IRAQ – Shiite and Sunni Imams of different ethnic groups visited Archbishop Sako to deliver Christmas greetings. Witnesses of the encounter underlined a "shared desire for mutual understanding and peace."
Shiite and Sunni imams in Kirkuk went in person to deliver Christmas greetings to the Chaldean archbishop, Mgr Louis Sako, in an atmosphere characterized by "sincere will of dialogue and mutual understanding".
Chaldean Leaders of Iraq Forced to Call off Public Displays of Christmas for Safety Sake
By Sam Yousif :: 8 Views :: Law & Order, Government & Society, World News & Odds 'N' Ends
Baghdad, Iraq – Continual pleas for neutrality and safety by the indigenous people of Iraq have fallen on deaf ears. The Chaldean minorities remains targets by insurgents bent on destabilizing Iraq and turn the modern nation into a fanatic Islamic regime. Chaldeans are not only the targets of Islamic fundamentalist but also Kurdish, Shia, and Sunni militias that pick apart the minority group in order to claim their land or raise ransom money to fund their military groups.
"We have become pawns in this deadly game of chess that threatens to wipe out a people who have remained in Mesopotamia (modern day Iraq) for over ten-thousand years," says Yousif Kanno a Chaldean antiquity historian.
Yet Again, Another Chaldean Priest Abducted in Baghdad
By Ziad Bitti :: 24 Views :: Law & Order
Baghdad, Iraq - Another Chaldean priest was abducted yesterday in Baghdad. Fr Samy Al Raiys, whose disappearance was announced by the Chaldean Patriarchate. The abduction took place by the hands of unknown men who forcibly grabbed the priest near home.
The Chaldean Patriarchate of Baghdad, which reported the abduction, launched an appeal on its website. Addressing the abductors, it asked: "We beg you not to harm him but to treat him well. We trust Father Samy in the hands of the Lord and of Providence, asking Him to help save Iraq from these kidnapping which terrorize everyone, adults and children alike".
Saddam Sentenced To Death By Hanging
By Guest Reporter :: 13 Views :: Law & Order, Government & Society, World News & Odds 'N' Ends
BAGHDAD, Iraq - Iraq's High Tribunal on Sunday found Saddam Hussein guilty of crimes against humanity and sentenced him to hang for the 1982 killing of 148 Shiites in the city of Dujail. The visibly shaken former leader shouted "God is great!"
Saddam's half brother and former intelligence chief Barzan Ibrahim, and Awad Hamed al-Bandar, head of the former Revolutionary Court, were sentenced to join Saddam on the gallows for the Dujail killings after an unsuccessful assassination attempt during a Saddam visit to the city 35 miles north of Baghdad.
The death sentences automatically go to a nine-judge appeals panel which has unlimited time to review the case. If the verdicts and sentences are upheld, the executions must be carried out within 30 days.
Troy Public School Chaldean Students at Risk
By Sam Yousif :: 14 Views :: Career & Education, Law & Order
Michigan, USA - Chaldean Alumni of Troy Athens public high school in Michigan, USA is at risk of identity theft due to a stolen computer hard drive. The computer hard drive was taken from the district and contained all the necessary information needed to compromise a student's identity. Through an investigation, the school learned that students' transcripts, test scores, addresses, family names, and Social Security numbers were saved on the stolen drive.
The Troy School District and Superintendent mailed out a letter to former students of the high school who graduated from 1994 to present indicating that former students will be given 14 months of free credit monitoring services.
Pressure from the grass roots student alumni movement formerly known as the Unhappy Student Organization, renamed to Troy Athens Voice is working to have the 14 month credit monitoring service extended.
Chaldean students who graduated from the Troy public school system must apply for the free services before December 31, 2006 year. Chaldean students of Troy can apply online.
Iraq's Christians Flee as Extremist Threat Worsens
www.CHALDEAN.org in conjunction with the American New York Times bring you a nationally acclaimed article on the plight of Iraqi Chrisitans. Special thanks goes to Mr. Wisam H. Habeeb and Khalid al-Ansary, Iraqi employees for The New York Times who helped encourage the story be told and were pinnacle in bringing a deeper understanding and meaning to the challenges Christians in Iraq face.
From Brenda S. to Michael L., I owe you one Mike – thanks for the professional courtesy.
Guest Reporter Michael Lou of the New York Times (New York, USA) reports:
BAGHDAD, Oct. 16 — The blackened shells of five cars still sit in front of the Church of the Virgin Mary here, stark reminders of a bomb blast that killed two people after a recent Sunday Mass.
In the northern city of Mosul, a priest from the Syriac Orthodox Church was kidnapped last week. His church complied with his captors' demands and put up posters denouncing recent comments made by the pope about Islam, but he was killed anyway. The police found his beheaded body on Wednesday.
Some 500 People Attend Funeral of Beheaded Iraqi Priest
By Rita Abro :: 73 Views :: Religion & Spirituality, Law & Order, Government & Society
Baghdad, Iraq -Relatives confirm that US$ 350,000 ransom was demanded. Sunni Ulema Council condemns the killing: "a cowardly murder [. . .] committed by people who want [. . .] to start a religious war".
Some 500 people attended yesterday the funeral of Fr Paulos Eskandar at Mosul's St Ephrem Church. Father Eskandar, who was abducted on Monday, was founded beheaded some time later.
Chaldean Californians Concerned Over Car Pool Fees
By Rita Abro :: 12 Views :: Law & Order, Government & Society
California, USA – A frequent road traveled by Chaldeans in California may see their cost of living and doing business take on another increase. A transportation policy committee endorsed a plan to raise minimum fees that solo commuters pay to use the Interstate 15 car pool lanes in off-peak hours.
Thomas Sitto is upset over the principle and not necessarily the fee. "I don't mind having to pay for using the road, of all fees and taxes, I love the pay-to-use type taxes, but the reason for this tax is what upsets me. Government mismanagement is the cause and we have to pay for it. Their ineffectiveness is what created a deficit. Their solution is to make us, the people pay for their mistakes. In the real world, businesses have to learn to be leaner and provide better services and find creative ways to do more with less. With government it is just the opposite; their incompetence is rewarded by raising fees, taxes, and tolls. That is not right. Any official who votes for an increase in any tax or fee triggered by their incompetence should be tossed out on their rear."
Interstate 15 serves as one of the major thoroughbass for many Chaldean travelers. The minimum rate for using the express lanes would rise from 50 cents to $1.25 under the proposal, a 150% increase. FasTrak users will also experience a huge jump in fees.
Terror Campaign Targets Chaldean church in Iraq
Mosul, Iraq – There were two new attacks against the parish of the Holy Spirit in Mosul in as many days. A convent of Dominican Sisters has also been struck. These are the most blatant signs of a campaign that aims to throw Christians out of Iraq. Then there is the problem of emigration, a problem afflicting also Shiites and Sunnis.
The Chaldean church of the Holy Spirit in Mosul appears to have become the target of a terror campaign. After attacks that took place at the end of September, a group of men opened fire on the place of worship on 4 and 5 October, injuring one of the guards who is currently in hospital.
The violence and continual attack on Christians have been ongoing. The parish of the Holy Spirit has been attacked since August 2004. As many Iraqi church figures have already claimed, the attacks are part of a twofold strategy.
More Attacks Against Chaldean Churches in Iraq
Mosul, Iraq – Attackers launch rockets against the Chaldean Church of the Holy Spirit. No one is injured. The group that targeted the church is likely the same that fired shots at the building last Sunday.
Once again the Catholic Chaldean Church of the Holy Spirit is the target. This morning a group of men fired rockets against the building, whilst an explosive devise was detonated outside a usually unused entrance door, this according to local sources who also told AsiaNews that no one was killed or hurt in the incident. They also suggested that the attackers might be the same people who on Sunday fired some 80 shots against the church breaking some windows and causing minor damage.
For months, tensions have been rising in Mosul, a Sunni stronghold. Some people have suggested that the anti-Christian attacks are linked to the controversy caused by the Pope's speech in Regensburg (Germany). In fact, some flyers making anti-Christian threats were distributed around town last Friday, calling on Christians to condemn the Pope's remarks or be killed and see their churches burnt down.
Radical Muslims Prove the Pope's comments by Attacking Chaldean Churches
Baghadad, Iraq -- A Chaldean and Assyrian churche is attacked in Mosul and Baghdad by Muslim militias. The fanatics have forced Christians to pin up posters condemning the words of Benedict XVI in Regensburg. But religious leaders, including al Sistani, have expressed their friendship with the Apostolic Nunciature. And the representative of the Iraqi Shiite leader would like to meet the pope.
The start of the month of Ramadan in Iraq was marked by violence but also by significant openness by al Sistani towards the Vatican. Yesterday, two churches, one in Baghdad and another in Mosul, were struck. Recently, the country has seen an escalation of attacks against Christians, thought by some to be the reaction of radical Muslims to the speech of the pope in Regensburg. However, religious leaders, among them al Sistani, have shown solidarity and understanding towards the Vatican. Moreover, the representative of the highest religious exponent of Iraqi Shiites has expressed the desire to be able to visit the Pope.
Abductions of Iraqi Christians Hit Close to Home
By Rita Abro :: 21 Views :: Law & Order, Government & Society, World News & Odds 'N' Ends
Guest reporter Kelly Thornton of the Union-Tribune reports:
California, USA -- B.E. was hoping for a call about a house-painting job. Instead, the Iraqi immigrant living in El Cajon heard his sister's voice, with terrible news from Baghdad.
A family member had been abducted by masked gunmen demanding a $30,000 ransom.
Kidnapping is nothing new in Iraq since the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime, but lately there's a new twist: Some of the targets are Iraqi Christians likely to have family members in the United States or Europe who can pay to save them.
B.E. – who insists on anonymity because of concern for his family – began frantically seeking help from relatives and friends in El Cajon. Family members in Chicago, Detroit and Europe did the same
Chaldean Priest Kidnapped in Baghdad Released
Baghdad, Iraq – Sources close to www.CHALDEAN.org have confirmed the release of a Chaldean priest Fr. Saad Sirop. The priest was kidnapped nearly a month ago. The Chaldean Patriarch had held recent meetings with the president of Iraq. Rome had also sent numerous appeals to Iraq requesting increased efforts to free the priest.
Fr Saad Hanna Sirop, 34 years, was kidnapped by a gang of criminals shortly after Vespers Mass on 15 August. The young priest, ordained in Rome in 2001, is in charge of the theological department of Babel College, the country's only university of Christian religious studies, in Baghdad.
Chaldean Murders Remain Unsolved in California
California, USA – Chaldeans are being gunned down in California. San Diego and El Cajon police have been the center of a PR nightmare as the close knit community endures one tragedy after another.
Efforts by San Diego County Crime Stoppers, San Diego and El Cajon police are aggressively perusing leads and tips.
San Diego County Crime Stoppers, San Diego and El Cajon police and the Independent Grocers and Convenience Stores are asking for the public's help with, and are offering cash rewards for, information that leads to solving four robberies at liquor stores that have left five Chaldean people dead.
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Mounds View Public Schools
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An e-newsletter from Mounds View Public Schools
Reopening with blended learning
Based on the Minnesota Safe Learning Plan and guidance for all Minnesota schools, Mounds View Public Schools will open the 2020-21 school year offering families a choice between a blended (hybrid) learning approach or full-time distance learning. You can learn more about each learning model in the reopening planning document, updated as of August 14.
Safe, healthy and clean schools
Will classrooms be deep cleaned by custodians daily? (Yes!)
Will classrooms receive fresh outside air? (Yes!)
Will hand sanitizing dispensers be available? (Yes, everywhere!)
Take a look inside a typical classroom and school to see the health and safety precautions that will greet students and staff when they return to school this fall.
What does a blended learning classroom look like?
What does a blended learning school look like?
Learning model tracker
Minnesota school districts are asked to determine their learning model based on local health data and the number of positive cases in their county over a period of two weeks. The state will provide updated numbers every week. School districts are permitted to take a more restrictive approach at any time, but cannot take a less restrictive approach. Distance learning is always an option families can choose.
Our latest number: 22.25
Our current learning model: Blended (hybrid) learning for all students
Track results this fall at www.moundsviewschools.org/learningmodeltracker.
Cohort assignments next week
Next week, the District will begin to notify families via email of their students' cohort placements for fall. Blended learning students placed in Group 1 (M/W) will attend school in person on Mondays and Wednesdays and participate in independent learning from home on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Blended learning students placed in Group 2 (T/Th) will attend school in person on Tuesdays and Thursdays and participate in independent learning from home on Mondays and Wednesdays. Elementary school students will attend school on Friday every other week. Every Friday will be a day of learning for secondary school students. This "Learning Plus Day" offers students additional in-person or online enrichment or support based on their individual needs. Teachers will be in school and offer opportunities for students to visit school as desired or needed.
FAQs updated regularly
Families and staff have many questions and concerns about what learning models and safety precautions will look like this fall. A Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) document is being regularly updated with questions and answers compiled using the most common questions received through email and the comment form on the reopening website, where additional resources are also available.
Typical back-to-school events, open houses and meet-your-teacher opportunities will be rescheduled and moved online for all schools. Schools will contact families to announce new dates and times.
School supply lists and help
School supply lists are posted at www.moundsviewschools.org/backtoschool. Need help with school supplies? The Good Neighbor Back to School Project takes place in August at the Ralph Reeder Food Shelf. Last year, this annual program provided school supplies to 900 low-income students throughout Mounds View Public Schools. Families needing assistance can register online here or call 651-621-6280. Want to help? School supply donations are needed. Make a donation at www.ralphreederfoodshelf.org or visit the upcoming events page to view an up-to-date list of our most needed items, drop-off locations and hours.
Childcare for Tier 1 workers
Mounds View Public Schools will provide school-age childcare (grades K-5) for students of parents considered Tier 1 essential employees/critical workers by the State of Minnesota. You can find the list of eligible workers here. If you are a parent of a student grades K-5, work in one of the jobs listed above and need childcare during school hours, you can fill out this form.
Before and after school care will also be available through YCare for students grades K-5 for a fee. More information on before and after school care will be posted on the District website when available.
Free summer meals will be available for curbside pickup through August 26. Pick up meals on Wednesdays from 10:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. at Highview Middle School (2300 7th St NW, New Brighton, MN 55112). Learn more here.
Free and reduced-price meals
Families can apply for free and reduced-price meals for the 2020-2021 school year by completing an application for educational benefits here. In order for Nutrition Services to process your application as quickly as possible, please fill out and submit the form online. If you do not have access to a computer, you can pick up a paper application at any of the schools.
Families can expect bus passes to arrive by mail during the week of August 31. Letters will go out to families of special education students the same week.
New registrations and change requests will be accepted but will not be processed between August 28 and September 23. This allows time for drivers to practice their routes and create seat assignments based on physical distancing. Changes will resume on September 23.
Families who want busing and reside in a fee area will need to pay for busing (if not done so already). Payment can be made by check, payable to "Mounds View Public Schools" and delivered to your child's school or online using PayPal. Families that qualify for Educational Benefits will qualify for free busing and can apply here.
Blended School Board work
The School Board is taking a blended approach to work in the coming months. Work sessions will be in person and Board meetings will be conducted virtually as a result of physical distancing requirements along with space and audio/visual challenges related to in-person video-recorded meetings. The next meeting is August 18 at 7 p.m. Watch meetings live via online web-streaming or watch archived meetings here. If you would like to make a public comment, please fill out this form to have your comment read during the meeting. Please submit all comments before 5 p.m. on the day of the meeting.
Para asistencia en traducciones ó ayuda como intérprete, por favor llama 651-724-2854. Yog xa tau kev pab thiab hais ua lus Hmoob thov hu rau 651-724-0396. Haddi aad ubaahantahay faahfaahin dheerad ah ama turjumaad, fadlan kala 651-724-7482.
Connect with Mounds View Public Schools


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Home » Special Operations Executive
Special Operations Executive
Odette Sansom Hallows was a Special Operations Executive During World War II. She was Captured by the Gestapo, Interrogated, Tortured and Sentenced to Death Twice. She Survived the War and was the First Woman to be Awarded the George Cross.
Adult, Biographies & Quotations, General Reference, History, Humanities, Reference, World War / October 28, 2022 October 28, 2022
The Geheime Staatspolizei, or Gestapo, was Nazi Germany's and German-occupied Europe's official secret police. Hermann Göring established the force in 1933 by uniting Prussia's multiple political police units into one organization. But did you know about the Special Operations Executive (SOE) agent that the Gestapo captured during World War II? Odette Sansom Hallowes was an …
Odette Sansom Hallows was a Special Operations Executive During World War II. She was Captured by the Gestapo, Interrogated, Tortured and Sentenced to Death Twice. She Survived the War and was the First Woman to be Awarded the George Cross. Read More »
Meet Leo Marks, WW2 cryptographer, who was given a 20 minute training exercise on his first day at work which took him the whole day to complete. He had accidentally not been given the cipher key and ended up breaking a code that was meant to be secure.
Uncategorized / November 26, 2020 June 23, 2021
Leo Marks Leo Marks, who was codes and ciphers chief at the Special Operations Executive (SOE) during the second world war, and worked closely with agents dropped behind enemy lines, has died aged 80. He also pursued a long and sometimes controversial postwar career as a writer for stage and screen, culminating in the film …
Meet Leo Marks, WW2 cryptographer, who was given a 20 minute training exercise on his first day at work which took him the whole day to complete. He had accidentally not been given the cipher key and ended up breaking a code that was meant to be secure. Read More »


When you stay at Best Western Sturgis Inn in Sturgis, you'll be within a 5-minute drive of Black Hills National Forest. This hotel is 13.5 mi (21.7 km) from Days of '76 Museum and 14.1 mi (22.7 km) from Tatanka: Story of the Bison.
Make yourself at home in one of the 55 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and microwaves. Complimentary wired and wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming provides entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include desks and coffee/tea makers, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Pet guests are welcome at pet friendly Best Western Sturgis Inn. Each room can have no more than 2 pets which can be up to 80 pounds. The pet fee is $10 per pet, per day.


It's been another busy week for me as I continue to promote my novels. On Thursday 7th, I was at the Romney Marsh Visitor Centre, which is always a lovely place to visit and the staff are so welcoming. I was there for a book signing/meet the author event. As always it was good to meet and chat with people. There was an extra bonus as the Goddard Family were displaying their art there (they are there throughout June) and after the book signing I went to meet Philippa and Terry. It was lovely to meet them and to look at all the art by different members of the family. Two days later I went back and bought a print by Emily, but have a feeling I might be back for more.
On Sunday I had a stall at Honeychild Manor for an open farm day. Again, I met some lovely people - the highlight being a man who thought he recognised me from being on The One Show! Not me, I admitted.
On Thursday 14th, it was my first author talk in Mary's Tearooms, Dymchurch. Huge thanks to Mary for inviting me. I had prepared bullet points and some props and spoke about my author journey. It went well and I think everyone enjoyed it. A really good evening in a gorgeous place.


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Афанасий Яковлевич Ара́пов (1889 — не ранее 1937, Швейцария) — есаул Белого движения, был ответственным за архив атамана А. И. Дутова (1921), первый атаман Оренбургской казачьей Дальневосточной станицы (1922—1927).

Биография
Афанасий Арапов родился около 1889 года: точно известно, что по состоянию на 5 августа 1937 года ему исполнилось 48 лет. К началу Гражданской войны, в 1918 году, Афанасий имел чин подхорунжего «иррегулярной кавалерии»; в конце августа 1918 года он стал прапорщиком, с формулировкой за «боевые отличия» и со старшинством с конца июня того же года. Позже Арапов был представлен к производству в хорунжии (1918). В период между 1919 и 1921 годом он получил погоны казачьего подъесаула, а затем был произведён в есаулы.

Весной 1918 года Афанасий Яковлевич состоял в должности атамана станицы Красногорской первого военного отдела Оренбургского казачьего войска — продолжал быть на этом посту и в июле. В начале апреля он принял участие в набеге казаков на столицу края — город Оренбург. Всё в том же, 1918, году Арапов оказался в Левобережном партизанском казачьем отряде — к концу июля он стал командиром партизанского отряда. Воевал на Самаро-Уфимском фронте.

В сентябре-октябре 1918 года Афанасий Яковлевич участвовал в работе Третьего чрезвычайного войскового круга Оренбургского войска: в Оренбург он приехал в качестве депутата от станицы Красногорской. Арапов становился делегатом войскового круга и в 1919 году. В 1921 году он оказался в личном отряде атамана А. И. Дутова: в начале февраля он был назначен начальником хозяйственной части отряда. А. Я. Арапов и хорунжий А. Г. Готин стали ответственными за сохранность документов после гибели атамана — вскоре оба «ответственных» оказались в китайской тюрьме и что конкретно произошло в дальнейшем с архивом на сегодняшний день неизвестно.

В борьбе за власть, развернувшейся в отряде Дутова после смерти командира, Арапов стал сторонником отца Ионы (Покровского) — выступил против полковника Тихона Гербова, формально возглавившего отряд с 1921 года. Следующий командир отряда — Александр Ткачёв — обвинял подъесаула Арапова и хорунжия Готина в совершении «проступков против дисциплины». Пользуясь тем, что финансы всего отряда находились на его личном банковском счёте, Афанасий Яковлевич ставил ультиматумы начальству: в частности, таким образом он удалил из дутовского отряда подъесаула Николая Щёлокова. Арапов формировал в городе Мазаре личный отряд офицеров в 400 человек, так называемых «араповцев» — был предан военно-полевому суду.

В самом конце декабря 1921 года Афанасий Арапов был освобожден из тюрьмы и зачислен в Оренбургский 1-й казачий полк. Уже в начале февраля 1922 года он был исключен из дутовского отряда. С 1922 по 1927 (а, возможно, что и по 1937) год Арапов был первым атаманом Оренбургской казачьей Дальневосточной станицы в китайском Харбине. По состоянию на 1937 год он был членом станицы Яблонской в Маньчжурии. По некоторым данным, Афанасий Яковлевич Арапов умер в эмиграции в Швейцарии.

Примечания

Литература

Оренбургские казаки
Умершие в XX веке


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A Bear Attacks My House, and I Attack My Planet
David Langness• Aug 28, 2016 • 4 Comments
Culture PART 4 IN SERIES: Global Free Trade
The other day a bear tore up part of my house.
I know, it sounds strange, but it happens fairly often here in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Bears get hungry in the spring and summer, and they need to eat about 8000 calories a day just to maintain their health. The bear that stopped by decided he wanted to explore my trash can—hard to believe, but something in it must've smelled appetizing—so the bear tried to get into the fortified enclosure under the stairs where I keep the can. I've made that enclosure pretty bear-proof, so all this one managed to do was rip a few boards off the outside of the structure. Apparently, he went away hungry.
But at least I didn't come home to discover a bear in my house, happily eating the food in my refrigerator, like a neighbor did last year.
Anyway, I decided I needed to replace those splintered boards and reinforce them with some angle iron to prevent further ursine incursions, so I went to the hardware store. In my small town, we have two basic choices for construction materials—the locally-run domestic hardware store—good quality, but expensive—and Kmart, the discount chain store. Guess what? The boards and iron I needed cost exactly half as much at Kmart.
Like most people would, I bought what I needed at the lowest price. But when I got my construction materials home, I noticed tiny labels on the angle iron and the wood: Made in China, and Product of Indonesia. Oops.
Those labels made me think hard about global trade and its impact. I tried to envision the Chinese factory worker who made my newly-purchased angle iron; and think about the Indonesian logger who cut down the tree that produced my boards. I imagined two people who worked extremely hard at physically-demanding jobs; and I figured that their salaries—probably much less than a comparable worker in the developed world—were the major reason for the lower prices I had paid. I wondered about the environmental laws in China and Indonesia, and thought about the impact of a coal-fired smelting factory, and a logging industry that might not plant new trees to replace they ones they cut down.
Since I like to think of myself as an environmentally-conscious person, I felt pretty bad about those purchases. I realized, upon further reflection, that the bear and I were a lot alike. The bear needed to eat, and didn't care where he got food, or whose house he damaged. I needed to repair the bear's destruction, and didn't initially notice or consider what damage my decisions could do to the Earth.
Most of us make these kinds of unconscious decisions every day of our lives. We buy grapes from Chile, coffee from El Salvador or Ethiopia, clothes from Vietnam, computers from Taiwan, Italian shoes and Korean cars. Many times we're not even aware of the origins of the things we buy and use. To add to the confusion, the world's nations have become so economically interdependent that buying locally, or even domestically, has become almost impossible with most products.
If you're an American, for example, try buying a new car that's a hundred percent made in America. It can't be done. The highest "domestic content" of any new American car is nowhere near 100%. Guess what car most surveys rank as the "most American?" Based on more than 75% of its labor and parts originating in the United States, it's the Toyota Camry. How about a Chevrolet Camaro, that American icon? Sorry—it's made in Canada. Jeeps? Many are made in Mexico.
We have become, in other words, a completely interdependent world:
In this day, however, means of communication have multiplied, and the five continents of the earth have virtually merged into one. And for everyone it is now easy to travel to any land, to associate and exchange views with its peoples, and to become familiar, through publications, with the conditions, the religious beliefs and the thoughts of all men. In like manner all the members of the human family, whether peoples or governments, cities or villages, have become increasingly interdependent. For none is self-sufficiency any longer possible, inasmuch as political ties unite all peoples and nations, and the bonds of trade and industry, of agriculture and education, are being strengthened every day. Hence the unity of all mankind can in this day be achieved. – Abdu'l-Baha, Selections from the Writings of Abdu'l-Baha, pp. 31-32.
Some politicians would like us to go back to the old days and the old ways of purely nationalistic domestic production, convinced that we should continue thinking about nations as completely independent and self-sufficient entities—but we've driven a long way beyond that intersection. Take a look at your cellphone, if you don't believe it. The major cellphone manufacturers source their cases and chips and speakers and designs and keypads and rare earth minerals from all over the world. If cellphone production were restricted to any single country, we would have no cellphones.
This means, as the Baha'i teachings tell us, that "the bonds of trade and industry, of agriculture and education, are being strengthened every day." That trend will undoubtedly continue. Globalization, as some people call the trend, means that an increasingly complex and interwoven web of forces draws us closer and closer together as each day goes by. That Chinese factory worker and that Indonesian logger—they are now connected to me in a way that was never possible before now. Their work has become part of my house. (Thanks, guys.)
Baha'is believe that trend is inevitable and unavoidable. It ultimately brings us closer to a unified, interconnected world. With that undeniable reality in mind, it becomes obvious that every new tariff, tax and trade restriction separates nations and their people from each other. Instead of trying to impose old standards and ideas on our advancing global unification, we need to act in concert with the spirit of the age—and do everything we can to help bring about the unity of the planet.
By the way, I did rethink my bear-proofing purchases. I went to the locally-run hardware store in town to check out the labels on their lumber and angle iron. You guessed it—Made in Taiwan, the tiny label on the iron said; and the label on the wood said Produced in Canada.
Next: Zero-Sum: Can One Nation Prosper When Others Don't?
IN SERIES: Global Free Trade
Zero-Sum: Can One Nation Prosper When Others Don't?
Economic Barriers and Restrictions: Completely Abolished
Paymon Rasekhy
Great article. We can only achieve that ultimate harmony when we get rid of the "us & them" mentality.
Terence McBride
if you want a car 100% american
buy a Tesla
Valerie H
Nope- Tonka.
(Tonka Toys)
Not true. All of the electronics comes from Asia.
Pets: More than Just Animals 25
Baha'u'llah's Announcement – and Warnings – to the Kings 101


Discussion in 'iPad Apps' started by petercornford@mac.com, Jun 18, 2011.
I have Books in Pages that I have converted to EPub format using the export command. Loaded through iTunes the books are readable on iPad and iPhone 4, but on the iPad 2 I get a "Book Format Error" with a note saying to delete and reload.
No action that I have tried will remedy the problem, but the books still work on old iPad and iPhone platforms.
There was a recent update to iBooks issued in the App Store; do you have the same version of iBooks on your iPad2, iPad1 and iPhone4? The new update provided some additional features and functionality and I wondered if this might have been at the heart of the problem?
Thanks, but iBooks versions are all up to date at 1.3 (394) and both old and new iPad are connected to the same iTunes.
I have posted a bug with Apple.
Interesting. Let us know if Apple has anything to say.
Out of curiosity, are you running the latest version of Pages on your Mac? I'm looking forward to seeing what they add in the next version, whenever that's going to be.