text:
Appeal of VENESSA CUPID, on behalf of her children, CHERYL, MASHA and RONNIE MOONA, from action of the Board of Education of the Greenburgh Central School District No. 7 regarding residency.
(June 9, 1995)
Thaeddeus J. McGuire, Esq., attorney for petitioner
Arnold B. Green, Esq., attorney for respondent
SOBOL, Commissioner.--Petitioner appeals respondent's determination that she is not a resident of the Greenburgh Central School District and refusal to allow her children to attend its public schools. The appeal must be dismissed.
Petitioner's children, Cheryl, Masha and Ronnie, were students at respondent's Woodlands High School in Greenburgh at the commencement of the 1993-94 school year. On April 21, 1994, respondent's superintendent sent petitioner a letter stating that pursuant to 8 NYCRR 100.2(y), he had determined that her children were not residents of respondent's district based upon the inability of district officials to reach her by mail or phone at the address within the district which she claimed to be her residence. This letter further informed petitioner that, as a result of his determination, her children would be excluded from respondent's schools effective April 27, 1994. Petitioner asserts that she received this letter on April 26, 1994 and immediately attempted to contact respondent's superintendent to submit additional proof of her residency in the district. Petitioner further claims that respondent's superintendent refused to speak with her or accept the additional proof of residency which she offered. Respondent's superintendent asserts that when petitioner tried to reach him on April 26, his secretary informed her of her right to submit additional documentation concerning her residency and that petitioner in fact submitted such additional documentation. He further asserts that, after reviewing this information, he upheld his original decision to exclude petitioner's children from respondent's schools as nonresidents and asked his secretary to orally communicate this decision to petitioner. This appeal ensued.
Education Law '3202(1) limits the obligation of school districts to provide tuition-free instruction to students who reside there (Appeal of Baguidy, 32 Ed Dept Rep 162; Matter of Buglione, 14 id. 220). Section 3202(1) provides:
a person over 5 and under 21 years of age who has not received a high school diploma is entitled to attend the public schools maintained in the district in which such person resides without payment of tuition.
Petitioner asserts that she established a new residence within respondent's district on or about January 1, 1994. Petitioner further maintains that she and her children continue to reside at that address. In support of her claim, petitioner submits a lease agreement dated January 1, 1994 for a term ending December 31, 1994, rent receipts from January 1994 through May 1994, and mail addressed to petitioner at her claimed residence. Respondent submits an affidavit of a private investigator who conducted surveillance on petitioner from June 1, 1994 through June 21, 1994. The private investigator's surveillance provides substantial evidence that petitioner and her children reside outside of respondent's district. The investigator's affidavit cites several instances where petitioner's children were picked up from school and driven to an address outside of the district, as well as other instances where the children were seen at that same address after school hours. Significantly, the investigator states in his affidavit that on the morning of June 20, 1994 he rang the doorbell for that address and petitioner's daughter answered the door. The investigator further states that in response to his questions, petitioner's daughter told him that she lived at that address and that her mother was not home at the time. Petitioner submits no further proof in reply to the surveillance report.
Petitioner bears the burden of establishing her "residence" in respondent's district (Appeal of Baguidy, 33 Ed Dept Rep 32). For purposes of Education Law '3202(1), "residence" means "domicile" which is established by one's physical presence and the intention to remain there permanently (Appeal of Baguidy, supra; Appeal of Reifler, 31 Ed Dept Rep 235). While petitioner submits some evidence of renting an apartment within respondent's school district, respondent submits substantial evidence demonstrating petitioner's physical presence at a residence outside of respondent's district. As petitioner has failed to establish actual physical presence, I find that petitioner and her children reside outside of respondent's district.


text:
<%#
 Copyright 2013-2017 the original author or authors.

 This file is part of the JHipster project, see https://jhipster.github.io/
 for more information.

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
-%>

Reset your password

                Email address isn't registered! Please check and try again.

Enter the email address you used to register.

Check your emails for details on how to reset your password.

            <form *ngIf="!success" name="form" role="form" (ngSubmit)="requestReset()" #resetRequestForm="ngForm">

                    Email
                    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder="{{'global.form.email.placeholder' | translate}}"
                           [(ngModel)]="resetAccount.email" minlength=5 maxlength=100 #emailInput="ngModel" required>

                            Your email is required.

                            Your email is invalid.

                            Your email is required to be at least 5 characters.

                            Your email cannot be longer than 100 characters.

                <button type="submit" [disabled]="resetRequestForm.form.invalid" class="btn btn-primary" jhiTranslate="reset.request.form.button">Reset</button>
            </form>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Why isn't Puerto Rico a state and What would statehood mean for Puerto Rico?
June 24, 2020 by Karen Hill
The main reason Puerto Rico a state isn't a state is that Puerto Ricans have voted against becoming one.
Statehood has certain disadvantages for Puerto Ricans. Because tax exemption for U.S. businesses would end, companies would probably leave the island, throwing people out of work. On the other hand, statehood would give Puerto Rico full representation in Congress.
The question was put to Puerto Ricans in a plebiscite, or direct popular vote, in 1964 and 1993. Both times Puerto Ricans voted in favor of remaining a commonwealth.
However, in the 1993 vote, the movement for statehood gained ground: 46.3 percent of voters wanted statehood, only a little less than the 48.6 percent who wanted commonwealth status. With a margin that narrow, the vote might easily go the other way in the next vote, scheduled for late 1998.
If the movement for statehood prevails, Puerto Rico might become the nation's fifty-first state. If so, it would be the first state with an almost entirely Hispanic population. The idea is not unthinkable.
Millions of Puerto Ricans who have left the island already live within the fifty states.
Where Is Puerto Rico Located, How Many People Live There, and Is Puerto Rico Part of the United States?
How many Islands does Puerto Rico have and What is the Capital of Puerto Rico?
Who was the first Puerto Rican elected to govern Puerto Rico in 1946?
Why do so many Hispanic Americans come from Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba?
Why did Spain want to keep Puerto Rico before it was ceded to the U.S.?
Why did the United States invade Puerto Rico in 1898?
Which U.S. president was nearly assassinated by Puerto Rican terrorists in 1950?
What is a Nuyorican and What does the word Nuyorican mean in Spanglish?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tallahassee project involved moving gas and steam units.
Barnhart used a 360-ton 718 ring crane to take the modules directly from rail to final position.
As one of the leading companies providing heavy transportation and rigging for movement of the turbines, generators and boiler modules associated with combined cycle projects, Barnhart was called to Tallahassee to complete a project involving moving gas and steam units. Barnhart has erected more than 325 gas and steam units over the past ten years.
A unique aspect of this project was the location of the rail siding - right next to the Heavy Lift Crane. With this setup, Barnhart was able to use a 360-Ton 718 ring crane to take the modules directly from rail to final position.


Check out CBC's story on big retailers testing reusable packaging to replace throwaway plastic in Canada.
Recently, retail giants Unilever, Nestle and Procter and Gamble have announced pilot programs with emerging company TerraCycle to replace disposable packaging with their new system aimed at cleaning and reusing premium product packaging.
CBC's article immediately grabbed my attention after seeing that corporations are finally adapting to the urgent need to reduce their excessive disposable packaging. Although concerns still remain for the online pilot program taking place in Toronto, the initial action seems to finally show that corporations are addressing the urgent issue.
Arguments still exist on the sustainability of the practice, including the fossil fuels required to manufacture and transport these new containers.
Currently, according to Ocean Wise only 5% of global plastics are being recycled – pinpointing an urgent need for alternatives in the retail industry.
The author, Ross Marowits from the Canadian Press uses insightful writing to connect modern day issues with solutions from the past. "The system is akin to the old milkman delivery service that was ubiquitous in the 1950s and 1960s." states Marowits, comparing TerraCycle's new program with ideas that have previously existed. Marowits goes on to expand the perspective on what other companies are similarly doing to address our climate issue, including airlines and fast-food chains' commitments.
Retail giants' new commitments with TerraCycle's program will be a new face for an old system put on a larger scale. Following other giants in the food and retail industry, companies have put forward new plans to reduce their disposable waste footprint in our environment. This is following new voices and concerns from consumers for more sustainable choices in their marketplace – including youth from across the globe on Climate Strikes standing in solidarity with Greta Thunberg.


text:
Q: In React, how to get the ID of a dropdown when the dropdown value changes? With the below code, I am rendering a table with a few color dropdowns in it. When on of the color dropdowns change, I would like to obtain the ID of the dropdown that changed.
Any suggestions?
handleColorChange(e, key) {
    console.log(key) // logs the orange/blue/black

}

renderDropdown(color, myId) {
    const statuses = ["orange", "blue", "black"];
    const menuItems = statuses.map((option, index) =>
        <MenuItem
            key={index}
            id={`type-${option}`}
            eventKey={option}
            active={option === color}
        >
            {option}
        </MenuItem>,
    );

    return (
        <Dropdown id={myId} bsStyle="primary" onSelect={(e, key) => this.handleColorChange(e, key)}>
            <Dropdown.Toggle>
                {status}
            </Dropdown.Toggle>
            <Dropdown.Menu>
                {menuItems}
            </Dropdown.Menu>
        </Dropdown>
    );
}

renderDropdown(orange, 1);
renderDropdown(blue, 2);

A: You can pass anything you want to handleColorChange and in your case, you already have access to myId. Pass that to the function and you're good to go!
e => this.handleColorChange(e,myId)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Visitors & Postdocs
Future of Children
Fragile Families
Child-Family Blog
Jane Waldfogel Ph.D.
Compton Foundation Centennial Professor for the Prevention of Children and Youth Problems, Columbia University
jw205@columbia.edu
729, Columbia School of Social Work
socialwork.columbia.edu
Jane Waldfogel is a professor of social work and public affairs at Columbia School of Social Work and a visiting professor at the Centre for Analysis of Social Exclusion at the London School of Economics. Waldfogel received her Ph.D. in public policy from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University, Co-Investigator for the Fragile Families Study.
Interests: impact of public policies on child and family well-being.
Copyright © The Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child Wellbeing,
The Office of Population Research
The Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs


text:
Report on Long-Lived K0 Mesons in Physical Review 105, March 15, 1957, pp. 1925 – 1927.
Lande, K. and L. M. Lederman
Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1957. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS of the existence of the KL Meson. The long-lived neutral kaon is called the KL ("K-long") and decays primarily into three pions. In particle physics, a kaon also called a K meson and denoted K is any one.....	More
On the Physical Aspect of the Atomic Theory, The Wilde Lecture. Manchester, England: Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, 1908, pp. 1-54
Larmor, J. [Joseph]
Manchester: Manchester Literary & Philosophical Society, 1908. 1st Edition. OFFPRINT, FIRST SEPARATE EDITION IN ORIGINAL PRINTED WRAPPERS OF JOSEPH LARMOR'S "EXTENSIVE SURVEY OF ATOMIC THEORY" (Kragh, Niels Bohr and the Quantum Atom, 111). Scarce with OCLC listing only two copies. The lecture was given on March 3rd, 1908 in receipt.....	More
Mass Degeneracy of the Heavy Mesons in Physical Review 102 No. 1, April 1956, pp. 290-291
Lee, T. D. [Tsung-Dao] and Chen ning Yang
Lancaster: The American Physical Society, 1956. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS in which Lee and Yang explain the decay of two K mesons ( + and +) and in doing so discovered that they were identical with the exception of parity (mirror symmetry). Lee and Yang concurrently presented.....	More
Production of High Speed Light Ions Without the Use of High Voltages WITH Hydrogen Isotope of Mass 2 and Its Concentration in Physical Review Volume 40 No. 1, April 1 1932, pp. 19-36 (Livingston); pp. 1-16 (Urey)
Livingston, Stanley and Lawrence, E. O.; WITH Urey Harold C., Brickwedde, F. G. and Murphy, G.M.
Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1932. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF THE FIRST EXTENSIVELY DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A CYCLOTRON, the first cyclical accelerator and the most powerful accelerator of its time. ALSO INCLUDED: FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF UREY'S NOBLE PRIZE WINNING DISCOVERY OF WHAT WE NOW.....	More
Quantum-enhanced Positioning and Clock Sychronization in Nature, 412, July 26, 2001, pp. 417-419
Lloyd, Seth; Giovannetti, Vittorio; Maccone, Lorenzo
London: Macmillan, 2001. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL PICTORIAL WRAPS OF A 2001 PAPER C-AUTHORED BY SETH LLOYD. The authors "exploit 'quantum weirdness' [in an effort to] dramatically improve the precision of radar, sonar, the global positioning system and other object locators…[They] propose "that taking advantage of the quirky.....	More
The Electromagnetic Equations of the Supraconductor (London, pp. 71-88) WITH Artificial Radioactivity Produced by Neutron Bombardment II (Fermi, et al. pp. 522-558) in Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A 149, 1935 [FIRST EDITION, THE LONDON EQUATIONS with Part II of an important Fermi, Segre paper]
London, F. and London, H. WITH Fermi, E., Amaldi, E., D'Agostino, O., Rasetti, F. Pontecorvo, F., and Segre E.
London: Harrison & Sons, 1935. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION of the LONDON EQUATIONS, "THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT AT CHARACTERIZING THE ELECTRODYNAMIC BEHARIOR OF SUPERCONDUCTORS" (Yom, The London Equations). The second paper is part two of an important paper by Fermi and Segre, et al. explaining that slow neutrons are effective.....	More
On the Problem of the Molecular Theory of Superconductivity in Physical Review 74, 5, 1948, pp. 562-574
London, F. [Fritz]
Lancaster: American Institute of Physics, 1948. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, FULL VOLUME, OF MEISSNER & OCHSENFELD'S CONSEQUENTIAL 1933 DISCOVERY OF THE MEISSNER EFFECT: "SUPERCONDUCTORS EXPEL MAGNETIC FIELDS" (Brandt, Harvest of the Century, 362). "Superconductivity [is] one of the most spectacular phenomena of physics, [arising] when a superconducting material is cooled.....	More
Disintegration of uranium by neutrons: a new type of nuclear reaction WITH Physical evidence for the division of heavy nuclei under neutron bombardment WITH Liberation of neutrons in the nuclear explosion of uranium WITH Products of the fission of the uranium nucleus in Nature Volume 143, 1939, pp. 239-240; p. 276; pp. 470-471; p. 471-472
Meitner, Lise; Otto Frisch; Hans Von Halban, Frédéric [Frederic] Joliot, Lew Kowarski
London: Macmillan, 1939. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITIONS, FOUR LANDMARK PAPERS DOCUMENTING THE DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION, including Meitner and Frisch's "Disintegration of Uranium by Neutron", the first announcement of the new process. Building upon the work of many before him, including Rutherford, Chadwick, Corbino, Pontecorvo, Curie and Joliot, Enrico Fermi.....	More
Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models (pp. 1133-1136) WITH Erratum: Absence of Ferromagnetism or Antiferromagnetism in One- or Two-Dimensional Isotropic Heisenberg Models (pp. 1307-1308), in Physical Review Letters, 17, Issues 22 and 26, 28 November 1966 and 26 December 1966
Mermin, N. D. [David]; Wagner, H. [Herbert]
New York: The American Physical Society. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF THE MERMIN-WAGNER THEOREM, BOTH THE ORIGINAL PAPER AND THE SUBSEQUENT ISSUE IN WHICH AN ERRATUM (correcting typographical errors) TO THE PAPER WAS PUBLISHED. Once referred to as "An Exact Monte Carlo Algorithm for Quantum Spin Systems", Mermin and.....	More
Raum und Zeit [Space and Time], Leipzig: Vogel, 1909 [BOUND VOLUME, FOUR-DIMENSIONAL SPACETIME HYPOTHESIS]
Minkowski, Hermann
Leipzig: F.W. Vogel, 1909. 1st Edition. Bound first edition of the FIRST PUBLISHED ACCCOUNT OF MINKOWSKI'S SPACETIME HYPOTHESIS "THE NOTION THAT MADE POSSIBLE THE EXPANSION OF THE RELATIVITY THEORY OF EINSTEIN FROM ITS SPECIFIC (1905) TO ITS GENERAL FORM (1916). "The laws of physics were written in the language of.....	More
MOglichkeit neuer Elemente und ihre Bedeutung fUr die Astrophysik, Astronomische Nachrichten 253 (4). pp. 93–108, 1934 ALSO WRITTEN Möglichkeit neuer Elemente und ihre Bedeutung für die Astrophysik, Astronomische Nachrichten 253 (4). pp. 93–108, 1934
Mohorovicic, S [Stjepan] [ [Mohorovi i ]]
Kiel: Schaidt and Oheim, 1934. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION, bound full volume, of Stjepan Mohorovicic's prediction of the existence of positronium. "Positronium (Ps) is a system consisting of an electron and its anti-particle, a positron, bound together into an exotic atom, specifically an onium. The system is unstable: the two.....	More
Diatomic Molecules According to the Wave Mechanics. II Vibrational Levels, The Physical Review, Volume 34, 1, July 1, 1929, pp. 57-65 [ORIGINAL WRAPPERS]
Morse, Philip M.
Minneapolis: American Physical Society, 1929. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF THE MORSE POTENTIAL, "a convenient interatomic interaction model for the potential energy of a diatomic molecule. It is a better approximation for the vibrational structure of the molecule than the QHO (quantum harmonic oscillator) because it explicitly.....	More
Field Ionization of Gases at a Metal Surface and the Resolution of the Field Ion Microscope (Müller, pp. 624-631) WITH Field Desorption (Müller, pp. 618-624) WITH Elastic Scattering of 188-Mev Electrons from the Proton and the Alpha Particle (McAllister & Hofstadter, pp. 851-856) WITH Example of an Antiproton-Nucleon Annihilation (Chamberlain & Segrè, et al., pp. 921-922) in in Physical Review 102 No. 3, May 1, 1956
Müller, Erwin; Bahadur, Kanwar; WITH McAllister, R. W.; Hofstadter, R. WITH Chamberlain, O.; Segrè, E. et al.
Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1956. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF MÜLLER'S DESCRIPTION OF THE FIELD ION MICROSCOPE USED IN THE FIRST VIEWING OF AN INDIVIDUAL ATOM. Two other significant papers are included as well: in one, Robert Hofstadter calculates the size of a proton; in the second.....	More
Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. I in Physical Review 122, 1961, pp. 345 - 358, AND Dynamical Model of Elementary Particles Based on an Analogy with Superconductivity. II in Physical Review 124, 1961, pp. 246-254 [TWO VOLUMES]
TWO VOLUME BOUND FIRST EDITIONS of two of three papers that led to Yoichiro Nambu's 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics "for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking in subatomic physics" (Nobel Prize Committee). Nambu's work "was an important precursor to the theory that unifies electromagnetic and weak.....	More
Derivation of the Schrödinger Equation From Newtonian Mechanics in The Physical Review, Vol. 150, Second Series No. 4, 28 October 1966 pp. 1079 - 1085
Nelson, Edward
Lancaster: American Institute of Physics, 1966. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF THE INTRODUCTION OF STOCHASTIC MECHANICS, an interpretation of quantum mechanics aims to derive the wave function and the Schrödinger equation from natural conditions on a diffusion process in configuration space. It is an interpretation of non-relativistic.....	More
Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films in Science 306 No. 5696 pp. 666-669, 22 October 2004 [NOBEL PRIZE WINNING DISCOVERY OF GRAPHENE. Original wrappers with no address label.]
Novoselov, K. [Konstantin] S.; Geim, A. [Andre] K.; Morozov, S. V.; Jiang, D.; Zhang, Y.; Dubonos, S. V.; Grigorieva, I. V.; Firsov, A. A.
Washington DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2004. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL PAPER WRAPS OF THE NOBEL PRIZE WINNING DISCOVERY OF GRAPHENE, A FORM OF CARBON JUST ONE ATOM THICK – THE THINNEST MATERIAL & FIRST TWO-DIMENSIONAL MATERIAL EVER DISCOVERED, AS WELL AS ONE OF THE.....	More
New Magnetic Phenomena in liquid He3 below 3 mK (Osheroff) WITH Interpretation of Recent Results on He3 below 3 mK: A New Liquid Phase? (Leggett) in Physical Review Letters, Volume 29, 1972, pp. 920-923; pp. 1227-1230 [NOBEL PRIZE WINNING DISCOVERY OF SUPERFLUIDITY IN HELIUM 3]
Osheroff, D. D.; W. J. Gully; R. C. Richardson; D. M. Lee WITH A. J. Leggett
Rome: American Institute of Physics, 1972. 1st Edition. BOUND FIRST EDITION OF OSHEROFF, RICHARDSON, & LEE'S NOBEL PRIZE WINNING DISCOVERY OF SUPERFLUIDITY IN HELIUM 3. Superfluidity is one "of the greatest physics discoveries in the first half of the 20th century" (Donnelly, The Discovery of Superfluidity, Physics Today, July 1995.....	More
Interference between independent photons (Paul, pp. 209-233) WITH X-ray emission from clusters of galaxies (Sarazin, pp. 1-117) WITH in Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 58, Number 1, January 1986
Paul, H. WITH Sarazin, Craig L.
Lancaster: American Physical Society, 1986. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL PRINTED PAPER WRAPS OF TWO EXTENSIVE & WELL-REGARDED SURVEY PAPERS: the first, the German physicist H. Paul's comprehensive review of investigations, both theoretical and experimental, demonstrating photon interference even when the fields involved are produced by independent sources; the.....	More
The Connection Between Spin and Statistics in Physical Review, Volume 58, Second Series, Number 8, October 15, 1940, pp. 716-723
Pauli, W. [Wolfgang]
Lancaster: The American Physical Society, 1940. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION IN ORIGINAL WRAPS OF PAULI'S 1940 SPIN-STATISTICS RELATION PROOF. In 1939, the first spin-statistics relation was formulated by Swiss physicist Markus Fierz. Pauli rederived Fierz's formula and his 1940 proof ". . has been the standard for almost sixty years".....	More
Quantentheorie und Magneton, in Physikalische Zeitschrift, 21, 1920
Pauli, Wolfgang
Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1920. 1st Edition. "Quantentheorie und Magneton" is the paper in which the physicist and Nobel Prize winner Wolfgang Pauli first introduced the fundamental unit of the magnetic moment of an electron. "The need for obtaining reliable information about the dimensions of electron orbits represented a fundamental issue.....	More
Uber den Zusammenhang des Abschlusses der Elektronengruppen im Atom mit der Komplexstruktur der Spektrun. (On the Connexion between the Completion of Electron Groups in an Atom with the Complex Structure of Spectra) in Zeitschrift für Physik 31, pp. 765-783, 1925
Berlin: Julius Springer, 1925. 1st Edition. FIRST EDITION OF THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF PAULI'S EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE giving a criterion for the electronic structure of atoms, and explaining the periodic table and the combining properties of the elements. Specifically, the Pauli exclusion principle states that no two "fermions" (elementary particles with half-integer.....	More


text:
Whitesnake at The Regency Ballroom in San Francisco, CA on 11-Jun-2015
Jay Dunbar
Tommy Castro of Tommy Castro and The Painkillers
Falling Red Release Single and Reveal New Video
Album Review: Stryper - No More Hell to Pay
Artist Premiere: Dope Stars Inc. Album TeraPunk
Monster Truck To Tour With Alice In Chains, Alter Bridge This Summer
Chevelle at the House of Blues in Orlando, FL
Chevelle finally returns to a capacity crowd in Orlando, Florida, with a sold out show at the House of Blues.
It's been nearly two years since the power trio, Chevelle, brought their energetic blend of metal grunge to the fans of the Central Florida, Orlando area. Chevelle arrived ready to entertain with a set-list spanning eight albums of music history and presenting a barrage of 19 songs to eagerly awaiting fans.
Brothers Loeffler and bass monster Dean Bernardini, create a sound that is not that of a typical three piece band. Chevelle has a wall of sound that can only be described as…"HUGE," with a keen focus on their ultra-tight rhythm section. Clearly seasoned musicians who also know how to satisfy a hungry crowd. Scanning the energized crowd, you will see headbangers, moshers, and crowd surfers, but most of all, true fans, fans that know the core of Chevelle. Throughout the performance, the crowd was clearly heard, singing with Peter as he delivered the lyrics that have fueled Chevellians for over a decade.
A powerful light show, with some mysterious stage props, added to an almost steampunk-ish, ambiance. The band launched their grinding onslaught with the crunchy, grungetastic classic "Another Know It All." Moshers and headbangers united as Chevelle continued to plow their most recent hits appearing in their set, "Rivers," and "Joyride(Omen)." Bass fans were treated with the ultra chunky and toothy playing of bassist Bernardini, as he laid the roots for the band's angry groove "An Evening With El Diablo." Soon after, rogue fans could be seen engaging in the age old art of crowd surfing. Despite the high energy and packed capacity venue, the Chevellians were quite well behaved (with an occasional surfer being lead off by assisting staff.)
With the conclusion of the bone shaking "Hats Off To the Bull," the trio took a suspenseful pause, leaving the stage area. They return to the roaring fans still lining the House of Blues, and deliver a surprising four song encore. Most notably, was the presentation of the bands monster hit "The Red," that had nearly everyone, including security singing along with Peter. Chevelle closed the evening with a memorable version of "Send the Pain Below."
If you have never had a chance to see Chevelle live, they are a must see, that will leave you feeling uplifted and energetic. Without a doubt, as noted, Chevelle fans always get their money's worth…and then some.
Event Date: 19-JUL-2017
ChevelleFloridaHouse of Bluesorlando
A Few Moments With Paul Gilbert From Mr. Big
Geoff Tate's Operation: Mindcrime at The Token Lounge in Westland, MI
Generation Axe at the Florida Theater in Jacksonville, FL on 20-Apr-2016
Valerie Cason
Drowning Pool at Jack Rabbits in Jacksonville, FL on 24-Oct-2014
Julie Goldstein


Designated teachers are a new responsibility introduced to Victorian schools as part of the LOOKOUT Centre model. Designated teachers will be found in Government schools and within Catholic and Independent schools from 2017.
What does a designated teacher do?
The designated teacher will work collaboratively with the school's wellbeing staff and other agency representatives to minimise any disruption to the student's education.
ensure all Koorie students have a cultural support plan and are linked with the Koorie education support officer (KESO) within government schools.
Yes. A designated teacher, is nominated by their principal and trained by LOOKOUT centre staff to be the advocate for and champion of out-of-home care students at their school.
Making SPACE for learning- a resource guide from the Australian Childhood Foundation on trauma informed practice in schools.
Calmer classrooms- a guide to working with traumatised children in schools.
Great expectations- supporting children and young people in out-of-home care to achieve at school.
Caring classrooms- a guide for parents and the school community.
SMART Online Training - an online learning course by Australian Childhood Foundation on Strategies for Managing Abuse Related Trauma.


text:
Heart Problems Are Killing More Americans—Even Younger Ones. Here's How to Reduce Your Risk
Bethan Mooney for TIME
By Jamie Ducharme
May 6, 2019 2:39 PM EDT
The heart health of younger Americans may be declining, even after years of medical progress.
Heart disease is, and has for years been, the leading cause of death among American men and women. But for decades, medical and therapeutic advances were enough to drive down cardiovascular death rates. More recently, however, that progress has stalled and the trend has begun to reverse, with certain populations seeing rising rates of some heart issues.
In a new research letter published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, which was based on national death certificate data, researchers charted an increase in heart-failure-related cardiovascular death rates among younger adults (those ages 35 to 64) over the last decade. The most dramatic increases were among black Americans, the researchers found.
Those increases may be at least partially due to the epidemics of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, says co-author Dr. Sadiya Khan, an assistant professor of cardiology and preventive medicine at Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine. "The growing prevalence of obesity and diabetes is now outweighing the progress we've made," in terms of medications, treatments and surgical procedures.
Get our Health Newsletter. Sign up to receive the latest health and science news, plus answers to wellness questions and expert tips.
* The request timed out and you did not successfully sign up. Please attempt to sign up again.
An unexpected error has occurred with your sign up. Please try again later.
Check here if you would like to receive subscription offers and other promotions via email from TIME group companies.
For your security, we've sent a confirmation email to the address you entered. Click the link to confirm your subscription and begin receiving our newsletters. If you don't get the confirmation within 10 minutes, please check your spam folder.
Obesity and Type 2 diabetes, two risk factors for heart failure and other heart problems, are both widespread among Americans — even young ones. Nearly 40% of American adults are considered obese and nearly 10% of the population has diabetes, according to federal data. Black adults have higher-than-average rates of obesity and Type 2 diabetes. High blood pressure, another risk factor for heart failure, is also widespread among black men, Khan says. "Young black men are dying of heart failure because of uncontrolled, unrecognized or under-treated hypertension," she says.
As rates of these conditions have crept up among black Americans, existing racial disparities have widened, the new research letter says. In 2017, the heart-failure-related cardiovascular death rate was 2.6 times higher in younger black men than younger white men, and nearly three times higher in younger black women versus white women.
Those discrepancies must be addressed, Khan says, but all Americans need to think about their heart health earlier. The idea that heart problems only affect older adults is becoming increasingly outdated; in addition to Khan's research, a study published in February found that younger American women are having more heart attacks.
To help prevent heart problems, everyone should aim to avoid becoming overweight, developing high blood pressure and smoking, Khan says. Since these risk factors are closely interconnected — obesity and smoking both raise the odds of developing high blood pressure, for example — many of the same lifestyle practices can help achieve all of those goals.
Eating a nutritious diet and exercising regularly are good for the heart independently, and they also help with weight management and blood pressure control. Research suggests that a diet rich in produce, whole grains, nuts and healthy fats such as olive oil is one of the healthiest for the heart, and federal guidelines recommend at least 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity or 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity each week to ward off chronic disease. (But some exercise is always better than none.)
Since there's some evidence that the consequences of risk factors such as obesity and hypertension compound over time, potentially leading to more severe outcomes the longer they're present, even children and young adults should take these behaviors seriously, Khan says. Research has even shown that adhering to healthy lifestyle habits like these can cancel out some genetic risk of heart disease.
"Those things are really hard, but they are really important and they can essentially completely eliminate the risk of heart disease and heart failure [for many people]," Khan says. "Targeting even earlier in the life course is likely to be the most effective prevention strategy."
Write to Jamie Ducharme at jamie.ducharme@time.com.
A Promising Peanut Allergy Treatment May Not Work So Well After All, Research Review Says


marvelous blue coloring page marvelous blue coloring page cub scout coloring sheets incredible marvelous cub scout coloring pages free download marvelous blue coloring page blues clues colouring pages.
here we are find out marvelous blue coloring page marvelous blue coloring page cub scout coloring sheets incredible marvelous cub scout coloring pages free download marvelous blue coloring page blues clues colouring pages for an ideas where engage in child activities. coloring is beautiful and cheerful, also includes proficient training activities in where regard. it has come what may been a joy to discover things where start with that so simply from the more complicated letters or tricks. the most recognizable thing for example the cartoon character, or in the movie, may also be an interesting form but not included in either.
this in coloring pages collection can also come in the shape of animals or flowers. there are much more for instance plants or insects. they are that so interesting and provide different levels of difficulty. including giving a form was has never been encountered, is a form of learning also for children.
to more complex levels is part of the teenager or more. here in theme marvelous blue coloring page is one where you can choose and you effort to finish. start with a base color or a higher level by playing gradations or color discs. anything become possible when you start to try it now. good luck hope this be cheerful to you or maybe you can show it to friends or teacher or also parents.
eastern bluebird coloring page blue pages free of butterfly cartoon life blues clues steve,one fish two red blue coloring pages angels jays nick jr blues clues,free coloring pages blue jay jays symbol page printable ribbon flower,blue coloring pages page of butterfly cartoon life printable ribbon jays baseball colouring,blue jays symbol coloring page pages whale baseball colouring,blue angels jet coloring pages whales whale page marvelous jays symbol lagoona,blue whale coloring pages printable jay page marvelous with angels,printable blue jay coloring page whale pages marvelous with big blues clues characters,toronto blue jays coloring pages printable 1st ribbon marvelous page for thanksgiving medium whale,blue jays symbol coloring page blues clues periwinkle pages steve marvelous fabulous printable corduroy bear.


quiet and humble like the night was not before.
is made to thirst for and ponder dissolving.
water sound of the cool waiting and the wild optimistic plans.
and with weight of description approximated something sincere.
Kate Monaghan is a PhD candidate in classical Chinese literature at Harvard.


text:
Skills are the essential building blocks for learning to play. All of our skills are targeted, short lessons, most of which are between 2 to 8 minutes in length.
Guitar: Fender Play includes approximately 750 skills across all 5 paths and a total of 1,345 on the platform.
Bass: Fender Play includes approximately 180 skills on the path and a total of 234 on the platform.
Ukulele: Fender Play includes approximately 190 skills on the path and a total of 281 on the platform.
Click here for a list of the essential techniques on Fender Play. This list includes courses, lessons & exercises that are available for all three instruments (Guitar, Bass, Ukulele). To help emphasize practicing skills in a real-world context, we've also included songs & riffs that feature each technique.
Skills are primarily delivered via My Path, but all of the skill lessons available on Fender Play can be viewed in a central location on the site. The easiest way to see all of the skills that Fender Play offers is through the Skills section, linked from the main menu on the left side of the screen.
Skills are grouped by the following categories:
Basics: Lessons covering general basic information, such as finger placement, first-time chords, getting set up, tuning, and reading chord diagrams.
Chords: Over 375 chord videos are available in a quick-reference format to demonstrate how to play each chord used in the songs we have in our collection.
Exercises: 2-5 minutes exercises that drill techniques and concepts learned in previous lessons.
Glossary: Short 20-second videos with essential definitions of guitar, bass and ukulele concepts.
Techniques: Various techniques such as Alternate Picking, Hammer-ons and String Muting.
Theory: Includes concepts such as reading rhythm, playing your first scales and time signatures.
Tone: A description of common effects, how to create them, and common songs using that tone. Guitar only.
Each skill lesson features supplemental materials, which are linked in the upper right corner of each video player. There you can find links to the chords, glossary definitions, and other materials referred to in each lesson.
Student and Teacher Login Process


Hard Evidence how does the public feel about immigration?
Immigration to Australia began when the ancestors of Australian Aborigines arrived on the continent via the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and New Guinea.  Permanent European settlement began in 1788 with the establishment of a British penal colony in New South Wales .... How to be an inclusive club. Sport and recreation clubs are important to local communities and can be the best place to encourage positive contact and cooperation between people from a range of different backgrounds and abilities.
CULTURAL CONGRUITY. Migrating people come from diverse cultural backgrounds, with already formed cultural identities. As noted above, cultural identity is influenced by various factors both during and after the migration process, and cultural bereavement is a potential inherent consequence in people who have migrated.... Taungurung Traditional Owner Mick Harding made history this month by becoming the first Aboriginal person ever to address the Victorian Cabinet.
Figure 1: PIAAC Literacy Scores for Aboriginal and Mainstream Canadians, Selected Provinces. So, good news first: in BC and Ontario, the gap between Aboriginal and mainstream Canadians is down to single digits – this is great news, even if it doesn't include the on-reserve population.
If I'm in a group of 50 people who aren't Aboriginal who crack a joke about Aboriginal people and they all have a bit of a chuckle, I have to say that's unacceptable. We have to call it for what it is. It's racism.
How to be an inclusive club. Sport and recreation clubs are important to local communities and can be the best place to encourage positive contact and cooperation between people from a range of different backgrounds and abilities.


text:
Paul Preuning (fl. 1540-1550) est un potier allemand.

Biographie
Paul Preuning est un potier allemand qui, avec son proche Kunz Preuning, dirige un atelier familial à Nuremberg.

Références

Date de naissance incertaine (XVIe siècle)
Date de décès incertaine (XVIe siècle)
Artiste allemand
Potier

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
from .error_response import ErrorResponse, ErrorResponseException
from .operation_display import OperationDisplay
from .operation import Operation
from .resource import Resource
from .tags_resource import TagsResource
from .application_insights_component import ApplicationInsightsComponent
from .web_test_geolocation import WebTestGeolocation
from .web_test_properties_configuration import WebTestPropertiesConfiguration
from .web_test import WebTest
from .application_insights_component_export_request import ApplicationInsightsComponentExportRequest
from .application_insights_component_export_configuration import ApplicationInsightsComponentExportConfiguration
from .application_insights_component_data_volume_cap import ApplicationInsightsComponentDataVolumeCap
from .application_insights_component_billing_features import ApplicationInsightsComponentBillingFeatures
from .application_insights_component_quota_status import ApplicationInsightsComponentQuotaStatus
from .api_key_request import APIKeyRequest
from .application_insights_component_api_key import ApplicationInsightsComponentAPIKey
from .operation_paged import OperationPaged
from .application_insights_component_paged import ApplicationInsightsComponentPaged
from .web_test_paged import WebTestPaged
from .application_insights_component_api_key_paged import ApplicationInsightsComponentAPIKeyPaged
from .application_insights_management_client_enums import (
    ApplicationType,
    FlowType,
    RequestSource,
    WebTestKind,
)

__all__ = [
    'ErrorResponse', 'ErrorResponseException',
    'OperationDisplay',
    'Operation',
    'Resource',
    'TagsResource',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponent',
    'WebTestGeolocation',
    'WebTestPropertiesConfiguration',
    'WebTest',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponentExportRequest',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponentExportConfiguration',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponentDataVolumeCap',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponentBillingFeatures',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponentQuotaStatus',
    'APIKeyRequest',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponentAPIKey',
    'OperationPaged',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponentPaged',
    'WebTestPaged',
    'ApplicationInsightsComponentAPIKeyPaged',
    'ApplicationType',
    'FlowType',
    'RequestSource',
    'WebTestKind',
]


text:
package org.gradle.test.performance.mediummonolithicjavaproject.p395;

public class Production7911 {

    private Production7908 property0;

    public Production7908 getProperty0() {
        return property0;
    }

    public void setProperty0(Production7908 value) {
        property0 = value;
    }

    private Production7909 property1;

    public Production7909 getProperty1() {
        return property1;
    }

    public void setProperty1(Production7909 value) {
        property1 = value;
    }

    private Production7910 property2;

    public Production7910 getProperty2() {
        return property2;
    }

    public void setProperty2(Production7910 value) {
        property2 = value;
    }

    private String property3;

    public String getProperty3() {
        return property3;
    }

    public void setProperty3(String value) {
        property3 = value;
    }

    private String property4;

    public String getProperty4() {
        return property4;
    }

    public void setProperty4(String value) {
        property4 = value;
    }

    private String property5;

    public String getProperty5() {
        return property5;
    }

    public void setProperty5(String value) {
        property5 = value;
    }

    private String property6;

    public String getProperty6() {
        return property6;
    }

    public void setProperty6(String value) {
        property6 = value;
    }

    private String property7;

    public String getProperty7() {
        return property7;
    }

    public void setProperty7(String value) {
        property7 = value;
    }

    private String property8;

    public String getProperty8() {
        return property8;
    }

    public void setProperty8(String value) {
        property8 = value;
    }

    private String property9;

    public String getProperty9() {
        return property9;
    }

    public void setProperty9(String value) {
        property9 = value;
    }

}


Receive hard copies by mail ($20 per year). Please note that in order to receive your January issue in the mail, subscriptions must be received by Sunday, November 4. Late subscriptions will be processed through the Grace Chapel office.
If you have any questions, please contact Maria Kakolowski at or 781-862-8351 x140.


text:
L'analyse des conventions collectives de la fonction publique fédérale : …
L'analyse des conventions collectives de la fonction publique fédérale : une expérienceAnalysis of Federal Public Service Collective Agreements : An Experiment[Record]
André Viel
Participative Decision-Making in a Consultative Committee Context
Factors Determining Wage Differentials in the Americas
L'auteur examine quelques-unes des possibilités et limites de l'analyse des conventions collectives de nature statistique. Il se penche ensuite sur les caractéristiques générales des analyses de conventions collectives pour enfin présenter les particularités de l'expérience en cours concernant l'analyse des conventions collectives de la Fonction publique fédérale.
Collective agreements analyses aim at presenting, usually in a statistical form, a systematic picture of benefits and working conditions which are found in collective agreements of a given sector. Individuals involved in the collective bargaining process who are using the data contained in contract analyses publications should observe caution when drawing conclusions with the data. It is important to note that labour contracts do not necessarily contain all agreements concluded by the parties; furthermore, the breakdown of their content into categories of clauses makes more difficult the interpretation of the benefits and working conditions as far as the proper content of the collective agreement isconcerned. All users of the data should also be aware that the systematicand concise form of presentation of the information requires decisions from theanalyst, which can determine to a certain extent the contents of the tables.
Publications usually report on the number and percent of agreements containingindividual provisions and the number and percent of employees covered by these agreements. Contracts are chosen according to varying sampling criteria. While some analyses are comprehensive studies of provisions found in agreements, others cover a choice of provisions sometimes selected after consultation with the parties to collective bargaining. The updating of these studies is desirable in order to maintain their usefulness.
The need for precise and actual information on the contents of collective agreements in the Federal Public Service induced the Pay Research Bureau to undertake the analysis of several provisions in Federal Public Service collective agreements. All agreements were analysed and the analysis was designed to reflect the context of the Federal Public Service. Here are the salient features of the study: the first part is a statistical analysis of several clauses which indicates the variations of these clauses contained in the agreements; most agreements are identified with a proper abbreviation; part two of the analysis gives the wording of several clauses grouped in different sections and compares the wording of these clauses within each section; again, the agreements in which the clauses are to be found are listed below each clause. A list of units analysed precedes the analysis, giving for each bargaining unit the category, the employer, the bargaining agent, the number of employees and the term of the agreement analysed in the document. Most bargaining units in the list are identified with a proper abbreviation.
The analysis of Federal Public Service collective agreements will improve with time. Its usefulness is constantly maintained by quarterly updating on the basis of new agreements signed in the Federal Public Service and made available to the Pay Research Bureau.
Secular Changes in Youth Labour Markets and Youth Unemployment in Canada
By Klaus Weiermair
Unions, Politics and Law in Canada
By Michael Neil
Index — volume 41 — 1986
Paul D. STAUDOHAR : The Sports Industry and Collective Bargaining. ILR Press, Cornell University, 1986, 195 pp., ISBN 0-87546-118-2
By Jean Boivin
Viel, André. "L'analyse des conventions collectives de la fonction publique fédérale : une expérience." Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, volume 29, number 2, 1974, p. 289–304. https://doi.org/10.7202/028504ar
Viel, A. (1974). L'analyse des conventions collectives de la fonction publique fédérale : une expérience. Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations, 29 (2), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.7202/028504ar
Viel, André "L'analyse des conventions collectives de la fonction publique fédérale : une expérience". Relations industrielles / Industrial Relations 29, no. 2 (1974) : 289–304. https://doi.org/10.7202/028504ar


Mopower pulled at ts 2 years ago with his flat bed puller from Florida.
What about the Ford regular cab with the lengthened bed that pulled at scheid last year?
Haha, show up with no bed.
I brought it, lol I am going to see if they let me hook in that class for fun, I'm not worried about any monies, my truck is a underdog here anyways.
Commercially available flatbeds are legal. However, custom flatbeds fabricated specifically to create a weight advantage (i.e., significantly lighter than the OEM bed) will be required to run 200# over the center of the rear axle. Final decision lies with the head tech inspector.
This keeps someone from building a carbon fiber flatbed that weighs 20 lbs (inevitable in 2.6).
Or just get rid of the oem bed rule like other truck classes. These are pulling trucks.
Most of the commercial flat beds I've seen are heavier then a stock pick up bed.
So i don't understand the problem with flat beds. But then this is sled pulling, some idiot will put a piece of plywood down and call it a flat bed if ya let him.
Did they let you hook?
in exhibition only and at 330 am, only a handful of people left. I am having a bed custom made to match the existing paint scheme for next yr.
how far did you pull?
They made you hook in exhibition only on account of your flatbed? Don't you just have a normal flatbed like 90% of farm trucks out running around?
Nice meeting you Dan. Had a blast hanging out waiting for the never ending line of tractors to go away. We ended up modifying our cover and passing tech on Saturday. Not something I'm proud of, but there might be a seafoam can jb welded in the inducer lol.
lol same here, nice to meet you guy's and yes that wait was long. as far as how far I pulled it, not sure, I let out of it just before the battle at the end, decided not to break it with 10 people or so watching and a exhibition pull. here is the pull.


St Andrews has been rated as one of the top four places in the UK to study the history of art in 2017 by the Guardian, and Independent newspapers and one of the top three according to The Complete University Guide(2017). Moreover, the CUG (2017) judged the School of Art History the top department for student satisfaction.
The results of the National Student Survey were released in early August and St Andrews performed extremely well, attaining first place in the UK for the quality of its undergraduate teaching for the second year running.
The School is based at 79 North Street in the centre of St Andrews and next door to the University Library. It is located in a handsome terrace of townhouses dating from 1824-25 which has been entirely refurbished in order to provide attractive teaching and study rooms complete with up-to-date computing and image projecting equipment.
The School performed well in the 2014 Research Assessment Exercise, with 75% of our research being judged 'internationally excellent' or 'world leading'. Staff interests range from the Medieval to Modern periods and encompass Architecture, the History of Photography as well as the Fine Arts.
We are a lively, friendly and supportive community of 27 staff (23 academics and 4 support staff) and over 500 students each year. Around 70-80 students graduate annually with a degree in Art History. Some students take a joint degree, combining Art History with another subject (e.g. English, History, Anthropology), and many more enrol for occasional Art History modules in their first and second years. This is one of the advantages of the Scottish University system: it allows students to take unfamiliar subjects in their first two years and many decide to change their degree choice to Art History after enjoying our introductory modules in, for example, Renaissance or Modern Art.
The School also has a substantial number of postgraduates (60-70) taking taught modules in Art History, History of Photography or Museum and Gallery Studies, or working on research projects for higher degrees (MPhil & PhD). Our fortnightly Research seminars provide an opportunity for students and staff to get together for discussion and to interact with scholars from other universities and galleries. We also have a full programme of conferences and lectures by distinguished speakers.
The MA in Art History opens the way to employment in various occupations, not just in the arts but also in business, management, finance, broadcasting, publishing and other fields. Art History in St Andrews has grown considerably since being established as a degree subject in 1967. Former students from all over the world, many of whom are now employed in senior positions in their chosen careers, can testify to the value of a St Andrews education and the significant part that the School, and the training they received, has played in their lives.


text:
George Vertue, 1684–1756, British, after Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1646–1723, German, active in Britain (from 1676), Sir Thomas Rawlinson, 1719, Line engraving and stipple engraving on thick, moderately thick, cream, laid paper, Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection, B1977.14.10183
George Vertue, 1684–1756, British, Sir Thomas Rawlinson, 1719
George Vertue, 1684–1756, British
after Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1646–1723, German, active in Britain (from 1676)
Sir Thomas Rawlinson
Collective Title: Iconographie Anglaise par Reynolds et Autres
Line engraving and stipple engraving on thick, moderately thick, cream, laid paper
Sheet (trimmed inside plate): 18 15/16 × 11 7/8 inches (48.1 × 30.2 cm) and Image: 17 1/4 × 11 5/16 inches (43.8 × 28.7 cm)
Inscribed in pen and brown ink, verso, lower right: "No.145 May 1986"; inscribed in pen and brown ink, verso, upper left: "[?]10462"; inscribed in graphite, verso, upper left: "532"
Lettered, lower left: "G.Kneller Eq.Baron pinx:"; lettered, lower right: "G.Vertue Sculp 1719"; lettered, lower center: "Sr THOMAS RAWLINSON Kt and ALDERMAN Sheriff | of the City of LONDON in 1687 LORD MAYOR in 1706 & President | of the Hospitals of Bridewell and Bethlem."


Software Engineer Engineers build, design and write scalable code to enhance the product or resolve issues within the product. Expectations for this professional ranges from low (entry level) to high (senior members) who will perform professional and specialized duties.
* Spends 90% of working time writing code or understanding software/technical interactions to enable them to finish coding/testing of their work.
This company profile was created by AfterCollege and is about Tyler Technologies Headquarters. This page is not endorsed by or affiliated with Tyler Technologies Headquarters. For questions regarding company profiles, please email: care@aftercollege.com.


Peanut butter is healthy, right?!
SOPHIE GRAY is an up-and-coming health and fitness guru with a powerful mission: helping women like what they see when they look in a mirror.
I was steered in the direction of fitness when I started modeling. I initially started exercising to look a certain way, but over time that has shifted to doing it because it's good for my body!
What is your diet & fitness philosophy?
I truly believe that we need to eat well and exercise because we love ourselves – instead of trying to become something we're not. When we workout and eat clean because we love ourselves, we're much more likely to stick with this lifestyle!
What do you see as being the difference between being skinny and being healthy?
We all metabolize food differently. That being said, being skinny but still eating McDonald's and not moving your body is not healthy. Healthy is making a choice each and every day to take care of your incredible body.
How can women create and maintain a sense of body positivity?
Body positivity is a choice you have to make each and every day – not a jean size you fit into. Self-hatred and feeling unworthy has nothing to do with actual physical appearance. You can already be thin and still struggle with an eating disorder. You can be on the "curvier" side and have more confidence than a thin person in the media. I think it's time we stop separating women between those who look like the "girls in the media" and "everyone else." We should talk about how all women are beautiful, and how we're all deserving of our own love.
Can you briefly share a little bit about your 30-Day Self Love Challenge?
My soon-to-be-available Free 30-Day Self Love Challenge is about forming habits to love yourself and taking the time each day to better your relationship with yourself. As mentioned, it is free, but you also have the option to pay a very low fee and get access to videos that go along with each topic, as well as access to an empowering private Facebook community group.
What is one food women should add to their diets?
Avocados – they contain all of the beneficial fats women need in their lives.
What is one food women should remove from their diets?
Soda, especially diet. Soda is doing nothing good for your body, and diet soda is even worse.
How often and for how long should women exercise?
I think women should make the habit of at least working out 2 times a week, and no more than 5-6 times. If you're working out properly, you don't need to be at the gym for 2 hours.
What does your cheat day look like?
I don't love the phrase "cheat day." I like to call it another day in my life because I think, mentally, the words "cheat day" are more damaging to your goals than the actual food you're eating. If I want a cookie, I have one – just not every day.
How often is it okay to have a cheat day?
If you can truthfully say that you know you're taking care of your body 80 percent of the time, then go ahead and enjoy that 20 percent of the time when you indulge in not-so-great food.
In your opinion, what percentage of having a healthy body is the food you eat and what percentage is working out and fitness?
I think a common percentage that's cited is 80 percent nutrition and 20 percent exercise – and I believe that. You can't out-train a bad diet.
What's the best piece of advice you have for women who are feeling frustrated when they aren't seeing results from their diet or exercise plan?
Rather than focusing on the physical results, focus on the more meaningful progress. You have more energy throughout your day? That's a victory. You feel more clear-headed? Victory. You are more patient with your loved ones? Winning. You're moving your body and eating green things? THAT IS PROGRESS!
What are your best tips for women on-the-go who wants to stay on track, but might not have time to do a full workout or cook all of her meals?
This lifestyle doesn't have to be all-consuming – trust me, I get you. My guides have workouts that consist of 4 days a week for less than an hour. They also teach you all about meal prepping! They're available on my website Way of Gray.
Being a #GIRLBOSS is about empowering other women to know how incredible they are. It's about building those around you up and choosing happiness each and every day.
You've accomplished so much for being 21. What else is on your career bucket list?
I'd love to be the next Oprah. Seriously.
We don't need an "aha moment" to know that Sophie Gray will go very far.
For more information on Sophie's Free 30-Day Self- Love Challenge and to get access to a free 7-day workout plan to give you a taste of Sophie's programs, check out her website and follow Sophie on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.


Since the year has drawn to a close (and I'm avoiding getting started on 2014), I thought I'd post links to some of the articles I most enjoyed working on in 2013. I had a brilliantly interesting year, in which I covered Pakistan's first ever democratic transition in May, and lots of other great stories in both Pakistan and Britain.
This year was the first time that Pakistan's "hijra" community were eligible to vote and stand in elections. I traveled to different parts of the country to meet the trans women breaking down boundaries to stand as candidates. Quite apart from the political implications, it was a fascinating insight into the world of a marginalised community.
I wrote this piece as part of a series on Pakistan's minorities in the run up to the election, also including this piece on the Hazara, and this on the Ahmadis.
Much has been made of British men joining the fight in Syria. This coverage has mainly focused on the terror threat these men pose on their return, and on the luxury of the so-called "five star jihad". In November, I had the opportunity to interview a young British Syrian who had a very different story to tell. Motivated not by radical Islam but by the desire to fight alongside his family, he returned traumatised and disillusioned. This is one of very, very few interviews with a British veteran of the Syrian conflict to appear in the press.
Published near the beginning of the year, this long article for Prospect took a detailed look at the scope of militancy in Pakistan and different counter-terrorism programmes attempting to combat it. What I particularly enjoyed about researching this piece was discovering a whole world of innovative – and often, it seems, effective – programmes to tackle militancy, ranging from "deradicalisation centres" to programmes to teach mothers critical thinking so that they would be empowered to question their sons.
It's behind a paywall at the Prospect site, but the PDF is published here.
This was another article written during the run up to the May election in Pakistan. It was an election that saw a record number of female candidates including, for the first time, some from the conservative tribal areas. I interviewed female politicians and looked at the role they played in the last parliament. What I loved about doing this piece was not only speaking to inspirational women fighting extraordinary odds to secure representation, but presenting a side of Pakistan which is not often seen in the western media.
I was still living in Pakistan when the horrendous attack in Woolwich took place. I watched from afar as the images of the murderers were broadcast – and as far right groups like the EDL attempted to monopolise the incident for their own ends. After I moved back to London, I wrote this in-depth piece about the ensuing backlash against British Muslims, asking whether this is something that we, as a society, need to worry about.
A Free Syrian Army fighter in Damascus.
How did a young British man with no combat experience join the Free Syrian Army?
In a piece for the Guardian, I interviewed a London student of Syrian origin who went to join his cousins to fight in Damascus. Now back in the UK, he gave a vivid insight into the bloody reality of war.
I don't know how to feel. Part of me is relieved that I made it back alive, but I feel guilty that my relatives and my people are dying. I have only minor physical injuries, but the mental scars are still there. I don't sleep well at night and I often wake up screaming. Most people in Syria don't have the option of running away like I did. But I am glad to be alive.
You can read the full piece over at the Guardian, and the cutting is below.


Painting your pool can be a large undertaking that you will want to be sure to do right the first time. There are a few important tips you should know before you get started to prevent a major disaster.
Pick the right paint. You must repaint your pool with the same type of paint coating in order for the paint to adhere properly. More on paint selection below!
Prep the Pool Surface. This step is very important! Your new coating will not adhere to even the slightest oily residue such as suntan lotion, body oils, hair spray, algae or anything that comes between the pool surface and the new coating. Wash your pool to remove any existing oil residue. Never use a soap-type detergent because it leaves a soapy film on the surface. The best washing compound solution is TSP (tri-sodium phosphate).
Scrub the Surface. Firmly scrub the pool surface; scrub the walls first and the floor last. Rinse off the residue with clear water immediately after scrubbing. Acid etching is required on bare masonry surfaces like concrete or plaster. It is also effective for removing chalky residue and hard mineral deposits on a previously coated pool. Acid washing opens tiny pores which allow the new coating to penetrate, thus creating a secure cohesive bond. Even on previously coated pools, an acid wash is recommended.
Apply the Paint Correctly. Paint using a 3/8" nap roller. You will always want to start in the deep end, work your way towards the stairs and don't paint yourself into a corner. It is best to paint in the morning in cooler temperatures.
Be Patient! Proper curing time is very important to ensure your pool is ready for filling. Never fill your pool before it has had enough time to properly cure. Check the paint label to be sure, but typically at least 4-5 days is sufficient.
Using the right pool paint is is critical to ensuring that your pool paint will actually last. Typically when you paint the walls of your home, any paint will do the trick. That is not the case with pool paint.
The surface of what you are painting is the most important thing to consider when painting your new pool.
Concrete pools are the easiest since almost all pool paints will work. Your only decision is the quality of the paint. Acrylic enamel (2 – 3 year lifespan) , synthetic rubber or chlorinated rubber (2 – 3 year lifespan), or epoxy (5 – 8 year lifespan) will all work with new concrete pools. Each have unique advantages, however epoxy paints will always offer the longest life.
Again, most all pool paint products can be used, with epoxies offering the best long term investment. If the existing surface is rough, prime first with Gunzite. If smooth, prime first with Poxoprime II before application of Poxolon 2 or Zeron finish coat.
The epoxy system is the best choice for fiberglass pools. First using a Gunzite primer, apply either two coats of Poxolon 2 or one coat of Zeron.
Epoxy paint is your choice for steel and aluminum pools. Both of these surfaces require a special primer before the application of the finish coat.
What if it's an old pool and I don't know what kind of paint was used previously?
Great question, Ken! If you don't know which type of coating is currently on your pool, try the following test.
Immerse a small chip – about 1″ – in denatured alcohol. If it dissolves, it is a water-based acrylic. If not, immerse a small chip of the existing coating into a solvent blend of 75% mineral spirits and 25% Olympic No. 1108 SOLVENT or Xylol. Wait 30 seconds and rub the chip between your thumb and forefinger. If the chip dissolves, it is a synthetic rubber-base coating.
If the chip does not dissolve, then immerse the chip in 100% Olympic No. 1108 SOLVENT or Xylol. If the chip then dissolves, it is a chlorinated rubber coating. If it does not, it is an epoxy.
Use the same type finish for refinishing. REMEMBER that a synthetic rubber base coating can be applied over a chlorinated rubber coating but a chlorinated rubber coating cannot be applied over a synthetic rubber. However, you may convert old rubber base to epoxy by first applying FUSION PLUS Conversion Coating.
If that is not possible, Kelley (our preferred paint manufacturer) will test a paint chip for you. All you have to do is mail it to them!
Check out http://www.kelleytech.com/olympic/olympic-which-coating.asp for more information.
I would recommend sending in the sample chip. Self tests like listed above can be iffy.


The Reedsburg and Portage Flooring Stores are THE go-to showrooms for all of your floor covering needs.
Our owners, sales team, and installers are from the area.
Our staff is trained by manufacturers.
Whenever possible, we use in-house installers.
Designers can feel your space for best results.
In home design & measure help to ensure the most inclusive estimate to help reduce unforeseen costs.
We strive to provide quality products that you can trust and we can stand behind.
Experience professionalism and expertise from the moment you enter our store through completion of your project.


text:
goodmath
DES Encryption Part 1: Encrypting the Blocks
By goodmath on September 8, 2008.
As promised, now we're going to look at the first major block
cipher: the DES. DES stands for "data encryption standard"; DES was the first encryption system standardized by the US government for official use. It's an excellent example of a strong encryption system; to this day, while there are several theoretical attacks, there's no feasible attack on a single DES-encrypted message that's better than brute force. The main problem with DES is the shortness of its key: only 56 bits, which makes it downright practical to implement brute-force attacks against it using today's hardware.
DES works with 64 bit blocks, and a 56 bit key. As an interesting aside, there are some serious questions about just why the standard key was 56 bits. Officially, the key length is 64 bits, but during the standardization process, the key was modified at the request of the NSA so that 8 of the bits were used as parity checks - that is, as extra bits that could be used for checking the validity of a key. 8 bits for parity checking on a 56 bit key is really overkill - in fact, putting parity checks into the key at all is really rather questionable. There's been a lot of speculation that either
the NSA knew some kind of trick that could be used against a 56 bit key, or that 56 bits put the encryption within the range of what they could crack using a brute force attack. But no one has ever admitted to either solution, and as far as I know, no one knows of any way that a 56 bit key could have been feasibly cracked using brute force with the technology of the time.
Anyway - getting past the politics of it, it's still a really interesting
system. It's a rather elegant combination of simplicity and complexity. It's got a simple repetitive structure based on lookup tables, which gives it its deceptive simplicity; but those lookup tables are actually an implementation of a very complex non-linear discrete mathematical system.
The basic structure is a three-step process: permute the input data,
run it through a sequence of 16 passes using a ladder-like data flow structure,
and then reverse the initial permutation.
The permutation is an interesting step: it doesn't really add
anything to the encryption as such. What it does is add a step to the computation: since there's no known attack short of brute force,
it serves to increase the time it takes to perform a brute-force attack. To crack a message, you need to do the encryption and/or decryption process, and that means doing the permutations - which take time. All that the permutations at
the start and finish of the process do is add computation time, so that cracking
the encryption by brute force requires more work.
The interesting thing is what comes after the permutation. You split the
input block into two 32-bit sub-blocks, which each contain half of the permuted
block. Then you pass the subblocks through an encryption ladder called a Feistel structure, where at each step, one of the two blocks is put through
something called a Feistel block. The output from the Feistel structure is then exclusive-or'ed with the result of the previous step. This is illustrated by the diagram to the right.
The Feistel-box folds the encryption key into the process. What happens
in each F-box is illustrated in the diagram to the right. You get a 32 bit
half-block, and a 48-bit subkey. (I'll explain about getting the subkeys in
a moment.) The Feistel-box does four things:
Expand the input half-block from 32 to 48 bits by reshuffling and copying some bits. If you number the bits from 0 to 31, the expanded 48-bit block
consists of the numbered bits: [31, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 0]. So you start with a copy of bit 31, and then do the bits roughly in order, duplicating the pairs (3,4), (7,8), (11,12), (19,20), (22,23),
(27,28), and ending with bit 0.
Exclusive-or the expanded half-block with the subkey;
Break the resulting 48 bits into 8 six-bit micro-blocks.
Run each six-bit micro-block through a substitution box (or S-box), generating a 4 bit result.
The result of the S-boxes are concatenated together, resulting in a
32 bit result, which is then put through a permutation, giving the final
output of the F-box.
You can think of the expansion, X-or, and S-box complex as a sort of substitution cipher; and the final permutation is, obviously, a permutation cipher. So the full process of DES can be thought of a rather complicated series of permutations and substitutions. One of the key roles of the encryption key is that it effectively selects where the copied bits are really going to be passed through into the output of the S-boxes: since each S-box takes 6 bits, but loses two of them, it's really doing a four-bit substitution. But which four bits? That's really controlled by the subkey.
The purpose of the whole Feistel function rigamarole - the splitting of
the block, the shuffling through the ladder of F-boxes, the expansion, contraction, and permutation of the half-block as it moves through the F-box, was
described in terms of information theory by Claude Shannon rather elegantly,
as part of a general description of how encryption worked in terms of information theory: "confusion and diffusion". That's exactly what's going on: shuffle things around, diffuse the bits of the plaintext message all over the place,
so that without knowing how the key guided it, the end-result is a very complex string of information, which mixes the plaintext, the encryption key, and various information about the particulars of the S-boxes in a thoroughly confused and diffused way. That's a big part of what makes this a good encryption system: there's a lot of information being added to the string, and without the key, you don't know how the separate the information you want from the information you don't.
And where do the subkeys come from? It's a process vaguely similar to the
ladder process connecting the F-boxes. You start with the 56 bit key, which you
permute, and then split in half. Then you push the two halves through a
left-bitshift and a permutation, generating the first subkey. Then you shift and
permute again, getting the second subkey. And again, getting the third. And so on.
The basic process is illustrated in the figure.
Alas, all of this is rather vague, because I haven't described the specific permutation functions, or the S-box functions. But they're actually pretty boring:
just lots of complicated tables. If you really want to see them, there's a decent list of the tables on the Wikipedia page on DES supplementary material.
And all this is just the one-block encryption! We haven't even gotten into how the various modes of operation enter the picture. That's the next post.
Differential Cryptanalysis
Now, we're finally reaching the point where the block-cipher stuff gets really fun: block cryptanalysis. As I've explained before, the key properties of a really good encryption system are: It's easy to compute the ciphertext given the plaintext and the key; It's easy to compute the plaintext…
Modes of Operation in Block Cryptography
Sorry for the slow pace of the blog lately. I've been sick with a horrible sinus infection for the last month, and I've also been particularly busy with work, which have left me with neither the time nor the energy to do the research necessary to put together a decent blog post. After seeing an…
Introduction to Block Ciphers
Where encryption starts getting really interesting, in my opinion, is block ciphers. Block ciphers are a general category of ciphers that are sort of a combination of substitution and transposition ciphers, and sort of something entirely different. They're really fascinating things, but they're…
Cryptographic Padding in RSA
Ok, away from politics, and back to the good stuff. When I left off talking about encryption, we were href="http://scienceblogs.com/goodmath/2008/12/public_key_cryptography_using.php">looking at RSA, as an example of an asymmetric encryption system. Since it's been a while, I'll start off…
why 12 parity bits, and not 8 (64-56)?
By .mau. (not verified) on 08 Sep 2008 #permalink
.mau.:
I wish I knew. I have no idea what I was thinking when I wrote 12! I corrected it.
By goodmath on 08 Sep 2008 #permalink
Is there some way to quantify what it means to have a good block cipher, or were the various tables in DES just chosen randomly, hoping for the best?
By Flaky (not verified) on 08 Sep 2008 #permalink
Are you sure that EP doubles (22,23), not (23,24)?
By John Armstrong (not verified) on 08 Sep 2008 #permalink
Following on from Flaky's question, how would one go about producing a "custom" DES that was (theoretically) as secure as the original but used different look-up tables and permutations?
(Obviously it would be an insanely bad idea to use this in a real-world crypto application, I'm just curious what the logic is.)
By Corkscrew (not verified) on 08 Sep 2008 #permalink
John (#4):
No, I'm not sure. I'll have to check my text to make sure I didn't make a copy error. Since I don't have it with me, I'll check later, and let you know.
Flaky (#3) and Corkscrew (#5):
The tables for the S-boxes for DES are definitely not random. They're based on discrete non-linear functions with particular properties. I'll write a bit about them in a future post. But the key thing is, there are some very special properties of those functions.
A big part of the important thing is the interaction between
the key, the expansion function, and the S-box substitutions. Effectively, some bits are getting fussed about in ways where you don't know where the real bit is going to wind up, because it depends (in turn) on the subkey. The s-box functions have to be carefully designed to make sure that the original plaintext information can't get lost, no matter what the key. Since you're dropping two bits from every S-box input, making sure that nothing is lost is critical - the S-boxes are designed to interact with the bits in a way that is unpredictable, and yet guarantees that no data is lost.
I'm an admitted amateur at this, but could some of you experts please take a look at this: www.colorblynd.com
It is an encryption algorithm that I devised a few years ago that is a symmetric, variable length block cipher with variable key length and variable key count. Some similarities with DES, but I think it might have some real potential.
The color aspect is just a gimmick for visual appeal, the real power lies in the variable meta-key aspect. Email me if you are interested or might be able to help me further this.
By Sam Douglas (not verified) on 08 Sep 2008 #permalink
In the systems I used to work with (ATMs and point-of-sale debit machines), Triple DES (or 3DES) was used to extend the key to up to 192 bits.
B'=E(K3,E^-1(K2,E(K1,B)))
where E is a standard DES operation, and K1, K2, and K3 are 64 bit keys. However, most implementations used a 128 bit key where K3=K1.
By GDC (not verified) on 08 Sep 2008 #permalink
The spooks probably chose 56 bits because there exists 28 real bitangents of the plane quartic curve. Extend that to the complex numbers and you got 56 bits. They are probably exploiting some geometric property to crack the shit out of that stuff. I have absolutely no idea how to elucidate the connection right now, but I am pretty sure its there.
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Bitangent.html
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/QuarticCurve.html
By Stephen Crowley (not verified) on 08 Sep 2008 #permalink
If you number the bits from 0 to 31, the expanded 48-bit block consists of the numbered bits: [31, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 0].
If you read that carefully, you'll see that the pair (15,16) is duplicated.
So you start with a copy of bit 31, and then do the bits roughly in order, duplicating the pairs (3,4), (7,8), (11,12), (19,20), (22,23), (27,28), and ending with bit 0.
But then you forget to mention it in your summary.
By llewelly (not verified) on 09 Sep 2008 #permalink
Hi Mark. I like your blog overall, but this series on crypto is a bit dangerous for amateurs. The devil is in the details, and it's very easy to make a critical mistake. So while it's good to give people an intro, I suggest a big warning letting them know that there are some dangerous assumptions lurking below the surface, and that they should always use well-reviewed implementations and protocols (i.e. SSL) rather than rolling their own for pure ego reasons. As an example how dangerous it can be for even experts, you might like this series of articles I co-authored on a subtle flaw in some RSA implementations.
On a factual note, the IP and FP do not affect brute force attacks at all. This can easily be shown. Take a hypothetical brute force solver that works on "raw" DES (without the permutation) but fails somehow due to the permutation. Now run the ciphertext you plan to attack through the inverse (FP^-1) of the final permutation. Now you have a form that can be attacked by BFS.
The best explanation why the permutations were there was to make software implementations more difficult than hardware. In fact, the original design of DES was originally going to remain secret, but was later published.
By Nate (not verified) on 09 Sep 2008 #permalink
Mark, I don't understand your comment that "The s-box functions have to be carefully designed to make sure that the original plaintext information can't get lost, no matter what the key." Isn't that automatically true of any Feistel network, no matter what the f-functions look like? It looks to me like the Feistel network is guaranteed by its structure to be a 1-1 function, and so it can always be inverted.
By Dave Empey (not verified) on 09 Sep 2008 #permalink
The Feistel structure doesn't guarantee that no information was lost unless the functions in the F-boxes (and, in turn, in the S-boxes) satisfy certain conditions. You can easily come up with implementations of S-boxes that wouldn't work. (For example, if the S-boxes were an alternating series of "drop last two bits" and "drop first two bits", then you could wind up with multiple inputs to the F-box producing the same output.
People generally say that a Feistel network provides certain guarantees - but that's because the definition of the Feistel network places certain requirements on the function
iterated by the network. (The constraint is usually expressed by requiring that the iterated function be a sound psuedorandom function.)
Mark, I'm still missing something, or we are talking at cross-purposes. If we divide the block to be encoded into two equal parts x and y, then one round of a Feistel network will map (x,y) into (y,x XOR f(y)). This is 1-1 no matter what f() is: given y and x XOR f(y), you recover x by taking x XOR f(y) XOR f(y). Since the composition of 1-1 functions must be 1-1, the whole cipher is also certain to be 1-1, so no data can be lost, no matter what f() looks like. I can see where there could be a problem if you combined x and f(y) with something other than an XOR, but the XOR is part of the definition of a Feistel network, isn't it?
I have to agree with Dave. It really doesn't matter what f is, feistel networks are permutations as xor is a part of the definition. Now, what f is matters greatly to the security of the resulting cipher.
If the f for each round is a random function, then you only need 5 rounds for a very secure blockcipher. If f is cryptographically pseudorandom then 5 rounds still gives you a pretty good blockcipher. Its just that cryptographically pseudorandom or just plain random functions are either difficult or impossible to compute, and usually one wants encryption to be really, really, really fast.
So we have S-boxes. We lose the theoretical proof of security, but its not that bad.
By That Other Guy (not verified) on 10 Sep 2008 #permalink
Is my understanding wrong, or did the NSA make a change to DES that improved its defense against differential cryptography?
By Freak (not verified) on 10 Sep 2008 #permalink
"The best explanation why the permutations were there was to
That may be true. A friend of mind back in college did his undergraduate thesis on a software implementation of the DES. He was working on the Multics Honeywell 68xx series machine which had all kinds of multiple word bit operation and table lookup instructions, including support for odd byte lengths. Needless to say his solution was surprisingly efficient. His advisor was rather surprised at the time. Luckily, this was an undergraduate thesis, so my friend and his advisor figured out what the rest of his paper should be.
By Kaleberg (not verified) on 13 Sep 2008 #permalink
Finally, at long last, I can tell you what I've been up to with finding a new home for this blog. I've created a new, community-based science blogging site, called Scientopia. With the help of many wonderful people, we're ready. We launched this morning. So to continue following GM/BM - along with…
Goodbye, Scienceblogs
So my decision is made. I'm closing up around here. I'm in the process of working out exactly where I'm going to go. With any luck, Seed will leave this blog here long enough for me to post an update with the new location. But I'm through with Seed and ScienceBlogs.
Seed, Conflicts of Interest, and Sleaze
As my friend Pal wrote about, Seed Media Group, the corporate overlords of the ScienceBlogs network that this blog belongs to, have apparently decided that blog space in these parts is now up for sale to advertisers. We've been advertiser supported since I joined up with SB. I've never minded…
Searching for Topics
As regular readers have no doubt noticed by now, posting on the blog has been slow lately. I've been trying to come back up to speed, but so far, that's been mainly in the form of bad math posts. I'd like to get back to the good stuff. Unfortunately, the chaos theory stuff that I was…
Saturday Recipe: Ginger Scallion Sauce
Today's recipe is something I made this week for the first time, and trying it was like a revelation. It's simple to make, it's got an absolutely spectacularly wonderful flavor - light and fresh - and it's incredibly versatile. It's damned near perfect. It's scallion ginger sauce, and once you try…