The best birthday present for people who have a passion for jogging. This is a premium quality T-shirt ethically made from 100% soft cotton. The T-shirt comes folded with a tissue insert in a clear bag.
Also see our other Da Londra designs for T shirts with Sports themes.


The much anticipated decision from federal judge Vaughn Walker on the challenge to Proposition 8 will be announced today. The decision is expected between 1 and 3 Pacific Time (between 4 and 6 Eastern Time), and we will be live on the air when the decision is announced. So listen in and please call in with your thoughts toll-free, 866 305 6887, and join the discussion. Also, give me your thoughts here as well and on the Facebook fan group page and we will be reading them live on air.
Rallies are being planned all across the country, a response from the grass roots no matter what the decision is. It's a big day, and lots to talk about.


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One of the many reasons I was so excited about leaving the Midwest was a warm October. I mean, Elsa and Anna can actually walk down the street without a full parka and knit hat? Mind-blowing. So to celebrate this inaugural year of Costumes without Coats, the girls and I decided on Batman's right hand girl: Cat Woman. We had soooo much fun getting dressed and it wasn't long until the kids were begging to go outside to show off their costumes and demanding pictures (no, you read it right. They wanted pics!). I'll admit, I'm the mom who is AWFUL at costumes – to the tune of using the couch blanket as a cape. Yup, mom fail. This year, I did away with my old ways. Despite ordering multiple Cat Women costumes, the totally corny headband, and the slightly loose boys' costumes, ol' Amazon totally pulled through for me. They, and I really do mean "I", were a complete success. Let the 88 degree Cali October-trick-or -treating begin!
Shop our looks here and on my shop page. What's your favorite costume of all time?


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Art and Antiquities
Marion F. Werkheiser
Greg Werkheiser
Jackie Barton
Will Cook
Ellen Chapman
Lexi Cleveland
Sarah Curtis
Jessica Krauss
Kelly Lizarraga
Lucy Matthews
Jennifer Morris
Lesley Parrish
Katherine Sorrell
Olga Symeonoglou
Free Montpelier
Save Rassawek
Christine Grubbs
Elizabeth T. Horton
Claire O'Brien
Courtney Wynn
Controversial Monuments
Embattled Montpelier CEO Begins Purge of Whistleblowing Employees
Contact: Greg Werkheiser, Attorney at Law
Cultural Heritage Partners, PLLC
General Counsel to the Montpelier Descendants Committee
Email: greg@culturalheritagepartners.com
Embattled Montpelier CEO Begins Purge of Whistleblowing
After Public Promises Not to Retaliate, Young Fires Long-Serving Staff
Montpelier Descendants Committee Calls for Resignation of CEO, Board Chair
National Trust Condemns Foundation's Action
Petition to Support Staff Nears 7,000 Signatures
ORANGE, VA – April 18, 2022 – This morning Roy Young, CEO of The Montpelier Foundation, began firing long-time staff members who questioned the Foundation's retraction of its much-publicized and praised promise to share governance of President James Madison's estate with the Montpelier Descendants Committee, the organization representing descendants of the families whom Madison enslaved.
After making repeated public statements that the Foundation would not retaliate against staff for opposing the Board's abandonment of its commitment, Young has reneged. Thus far today Young has terminated via email Elizabeth Chew, Ph.D., Executive Vice President and Chief Curator, Matthew Reeves, Ph.D., Director of Archaeology and Landscaping Restoration, and Christy Moriarty, Director of Communications. He fired Alex Walsh, Events Manager, last week. Young today also suspended Christopher Pasch, Archaeology Field Director, and Mary Furlong Minkoff, Ph.D., Director of Archaeology and Curator of Archaeological Collections.
The targeted employees collectively have more than 50 years of service to Montpelier and 100 years of experience in their fields.
As news of the Foundation board's abandonment of its commitment to the Montpelier Descendants Committee emerged in recent weeks, the majority of Montpelier's full-time staff issued a statement of support for fulfilling the promise. Greg Werkheiser of Cultural Heritage Partners PLLC, attorney for the Montpelier Descendants Committee, stated: "When Young fires everyone who thinks he is a failed leader, he'll find Montpelier uninhabited."
Nearly 7,000 members of the visiting public and donors have signed a petition supporting the MDC and Montpelier staff. James French, Chairman of the Montpelier Descendants Committee, stated, "It is now plain to all that Montpelier will not recover with Roy Young or Board Chairman Gene Hickok at the helm. MDC calls on them to step down before the damage they are doing is irreparable."
The National Trust for Historic Preservation, which owns the 2,650-acre presidential plantation and leases it to the Foundation, issued a statement condemning Young's retaliation against employees.
Dr. Reeves has been Director of Archaeology at Montpelier for twenty-two years. He has built an acclaimed public archaeology program that has set precedent in the United States for inviting the public to work side by side with professional archaeologists in the excavation of sites where enslaved people lived and worked. He has collaborated with members of Montpelier's Descendant Community since his arrival at Montpelier. Dr. Reeves is a distinguished scholar who has published widely on the landscape and material world of slavery at Montpelier, archaeology-metal detector partnerships, and descendant archaeology. He has trained a generation of archaeologists passionate about working with the public in the investigation of the institution of slavery.
Dr. Reeves remarked: "I have devoted my archaeological career to understanding the lives of the enslaved men, women, and children who lived at Montpelier in partnership with the Montpelier Descendants Committee. To be retaliated against by the Montpelier leadership for doing my job is a bitter irony."
Dr. Chew has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Curator for seven years, in a distinguished career at museums and historic sites that spans thirty-five years. She joined Montpelier to head the projects funded by David Rubenstein's 2014 gift of $10M and led the team that created the award-winning The Mere Distinction of Colour exhibition in partnership with the Montpelier Descendant Community. She was on the team of authors of the 2018 Rubric of Best Practices for Descendant Engagement in the Interpretation of Museums and Historic Sites. While at Thomas Jefferson's Monticello, she was co-curator, with Rex Ellis of the National Museum of African American History and Culture, of the 2012 exhibition Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: Paradox of Liberty.
Dr. Chew commented: "My colleagues and I stood up for our longtime partners in the Montpelier Descendants Committee, just as they have always encouraged and valued us. I do not regret taking this stand."
Christy Moriarty has been employed at Montpelier for nine years. She began her career as Tourism Coordinator, then advanced to Tourism Marketing Manager and finally, in 2020, to Director of Communications. Throughout her tenure, she has been responsible for strategically promoting Montpelier as a tourism destination and cultural heritage site by ensuring all messaging aligns with the Foundation's mission and key strategies, including developing content for social media, websites, newsletters, and other distribution channels; overseeing the design, content, and production of marketing materials; and identifying media and press opportunities. She also represented Montpelier on the Orange County Chamber of Commerce, Tourism Advisory Committee, and Charters of Freedom Committee, and was the key liaison for individual, local, and regional tourism partners.
Dr. Bettye Kearse, a leader of the Montpelier Descendant's Committee and Foundation board member, stated: "We are in awe of these faithful employees for their principled stand, and pray that their leave from Montpelier is temporary. Any historic site would be lucky to have them. Montpelier, however, will be unable to replace the brain trust it has so thoughtlessly discarded."
About the Montpelier Descendants Committee
The Montpelier Descendants Committee (MDC) is a 501(c)3 nonprofit devoted to restoring the narratives of enslaved Americans at plantation sites in Central Virginia, including but not limited to James Madison's Montpelier, from the margins to the center of historical discourse. The MDC promotes a more accurate understanding of the lives of enslaved people based on broader, richer and more truthful interpretations of American history. Through a series of public programs, events, research, and communications the MDC seeks to demonstrate how the lives of enslaved persons made possible and informed the ideals of universal liberty enshrined in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, yet denied to them. Membership in the MDC is open to all descendants of enslaved ancestors in the central Virginia area, known as the Arc of Enslaved Communities.
Tribal Nations in Virginia Mark 5 Years Since Federal Recognition
We're Hiring: Professional Executive Assistant
African American Burial Grounds Preservation Program Created in Omnibus Bill
About CHP
info@culturalheritagepartners.com
Copyright © 2022 Cultural Heritage Partners, PLLC. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


White-winged Doves (Zenaida asiatica) in Texas are separated into four subspecies primarily based on morphological variation. However, problems differentiating the subspecies by morphological measurements alone and a recent range expansion have led to questions about their systematic status and population structure. We evaluated both morphological characters and a 289 base-pair segment of the mitochondrial control region from 183 White-winged Doves taken from 31 locations in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. Twenty-seven variable base changes were observed, which resulted in 44 haplotypes. An analysis of haplotypes yielded little phylogenetic signal; however, analyses of haplotype frequencies indicated geographic heterogeneity between doves collected in the four historic subspecies ranges. Doves from the range expansion areas were intermediate in size and genetically homogenous. Morphological analyses suggested congruency between control region variation and body size. Our data support the recognition of two subspecies of White-winged Doves with a zone of intergradation in the range expansion areas. The dispersal of White-winged Doves into the expansion areas appears to be a congruent process by both subspecies.


text:
/*
        JFB VALIDATE FLOATING NUMBER DIRECTIVE

        This directive validate that the content of the field where it's used is a float number.
        (Examples of float numbers: "7.2935" "-12.72" "1/2" "12.4e3"[Equivalent to 12.4 x 103] "4E-3"[Equivalent to 4 x 10-3])
        If the field is empty, it won't produce the validation alert.

        This directive allow this extra inline params:

            - jfb-validate-floating-number-message -> A string that contains the alert description text
                    showed in the message box. IMPORTANT: If this param is not set the message box will
                    contain the default message specified below, if this is set to empty string the message
                    box will be showed but with no message.
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jfbValidate.directive('jfbValidateFloatingNumber', ['jfbValidate', function(jfbValidate) {

    return {

        link: function (scope, element, attrs) {

            // DEFAULT MESSAGE FOR THIS ALERT:
            var default_alert_message = "This field must be a valid floating number."

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                var text_message_box = attrs.jfbValidateFloatingNumberMessage;

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                    if (/^[-+]?[0-9]+\.[0-9]+$/.test(element_content)) {

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Bootleg Bug Hunt: Dingwhopper
May 11, 2019 May 11, 2019 / Fitzpatrix
Roger Corman has had an interesting relationship with the film Alien. When the film was in development, Dan O'Bannon and Ron Shusett offered their treatment to Corman with the intention of filming it on a low budget before getting a better deal from Brandywine Productions. After Alien's runaway success, Corman, with his distribution company New World Pictures, produced two attempts to capitalize on the public's sudden interest in sci-fi horror. First, there was 1981's Galaxy of Terror, which featured above average performances from Edward Albert, Robert Englund and Erin Moran, as well as intriguing production design from legendary director James Cameron. The second, which is today's subject, is 1982's Forbidden World, a film that may lack the star power of its predecessor but still has a strange appeal that makes it a pretty fun viewing experience.
Quick, Henry, the Flit!
Forbidden World is the thrilling story of an agent for a futuristic government who is assigned to monitor a research station that houses a murderous genetic experiment that, in a twist that seems eerily prescient after the release of Alien: Covenant, contains trace amounts of human DNA. Compared to the somewhat thoughtful Galaxy of Terror, Forbidden is a much more vulgar, broader and more experimental film, with chaotic editing and exaggerated directing courtesy of Galaxy editor Allan Holzman. The self-awareness of Holzman's direction and the performances of some of the cast members seem to be compensating for the recycled Galaxy sets and the bargain-basement effects, especially the goofy monster that resembles an amalgam of the Xenomorph and Audrey II. The most noteworthy performance comes from obscure character actor Fox Harris as the scientist who discovers the key to defeating the beast. Because the other actors come off looking like either bland cyphers or melodramatic flakes, the quirky yet naturally endearing Harris carries the film. Tying the film together is a spellbinding, John Carpenter-esque electronic score by Susan Justin that suitably imparts the various moods of the film.
Overall, when it comes to Corman-produced exploitations of Alien, Forbidden World may not have much polish or class but it's still exciting and crazy enough to keep your attention.
Credit: HD Retro Trailers
Pictures, Words
alien, dr. death from child's play is in this, Entertainment, forbidden world, horror, movies, sci-fi, xarbia
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7 Gorgeous Places to Visit in Austria
Austria has so many, actually endless absolutely stunning places to visit that it's almost impossible to list all of them down. Here, we have tried to low-down on some of
Driving the Epic Grossglockner Hochalpenstrasse in Austria
Grossglockner High Alpine Road or Grossglockner Hochalpenstrasse (Großglockner Hochalpenstraße in German), named after Austria's highest mountain at 12,460 feet, the Grossglockner is not only one of the finest and highest
Things to do in Hallstatt and the Dachstein Salzkammergut, Austria
The Hallstatt-Dachstein Salzkammergut region with 7,000 years of history, rich culture, prehistoric civilization, and the oldest salt mine is rich in nature too. The historic region, thus, was added to
Best Things to do in Salzburg, Austria
Salzburg is fuss-free and effortless. I mean, you get to do so much in no time. I'm serious. We discovered the distinct sides of the city in just a day.
Discover the Wachau Valley – A World Heritage Site
Snuggled between the towns of Melk and Krems, Wachau Valley in Lower Austria is one of Austria's oldest cultural landscapes. It is a 36 km (22 miles) narrow stretch along
21 Classical Things to do in Vienna with Family
Elegant. Charming. Exquisite. Imperial. Artistic. Fashionista. Cultural. Historical. Intellectual. Musical. Gastronomic. Wiener Melange. Intriguing. It's VIENNA. It isn't voted as the best city in the world time and again for


In a recent interview, Tim Draper, a prominent venture capitalist famous for his strategic investments, gave his opinions about regulations in the cryptocurrency space. Significantly his major focus was on two topics, namely, Japan taking an open approach for the sector in general and also China's decision to make Bitcoin [BTC] illegal in the nation.
According to Draper, in recent times as many countries have begun taking some measures a majority of the cryptocurrency investors have opted to wait for the United States Securities and Exchanges Commission to regulate the overall market.
Speaking on Japan and China's approach regarding the cryptocurrency, Draper said, certain countries like China like it "the way it is," whereas countries like Japan have had a much revolutionary attitude towards regulation.
"Japan responds to that and says, Bitcoin is a national currency in Japan. Gere's how you do an ICO, welcome. You can tell which of those economies over the next 40 years, it's going to do really well and which one is not," said Tim Draper.
Speaking about the regulatory approach taken by the SEC, Draper stresses the vital importance of balance that they have presented. He then explained how it has made a "nice, easy, level playing field" that has motivated more individual to come and join the space. Draper then stated the "last thing" the SEC would want is to do the same thing as China.


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Space Exploration, Technology
NASA Mars rover to study fluid-carved valley's origin
May 16, 2017 Nida Sohail	Leave a comment
Mars rover Opportunity has reached the main destination of its current two-year extended mission—an ancient fluid-carved valley incised on the inner slope of a vast crater's rim, NASA has said.As the rover approached the upper end of "Perseverance Valley" in early May, images from its cameras began showing parts of the area in greater resolution than what can be seen in images taken from the orbit above Mars.
"The science team is really jazzed at starting to see this area up close and looking for clues to help us distinguish among multiple hypotheses about how the valley formed," said Opportunity Project Scientist Matt Golombek of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena.
The process that carved Perseverance Valley into the rim of Endeavour Crater billions of years ago has not yet been identified.
It might have been flowing water, or might have been a debris flow in which a small amount of water lubricated a turbulent mix of mud and boulders, or might have been an even drier process, such as wind erosion.
The mission's main objective with Opportunity at this site is to assess which possibility is best supported by the evidence still in place, NASA said.
The upper end of the valley is at a broad notch in the crest of the crater rim. The rover team's plan for investigating the area begins with taking sets of images of the valley from two widely separated points at that dip in the rim.
This long-baseline stereo imaging will provide information for extraordinarily detailed three-dimensional analysis of the terrain.
The valley extends down from the rim's crest line into the crater, at a slope of about 15 to 17 degrees for a distance of about two football fields.
"The long-baseline stereo imaging will be used to generate a digital elevation map that will help the team carefully evaluate possible driving routes down the valley before starting the descent," said Opportunity Project Manager John Callas of JPL.
Reversing course back uphill when partway down could be difficult, so finding a path with minimum obstacles will be important for driving Opportunity through the whole valley.
Researchers intend to use the rover to examine textures and compositions at the top, throughout the length and at the bottom, as part of investigating the valley's history.
Opportunity and the next-generation Mars rover, Curiosity, as well as three active NASA Mars orbiters and surface missions to launch in 2018 and 2020 are all part of ambitious robotic exploration to understand Mars, which helps lead the way for sending humans to Mars in the 2030s.
Picture source: Alamy Image
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Alright, that's it. Pack it up, we're going home. The UN was good while it lasted, but this is just retarded.
I never thought I'd be supportive of a US boycott of the UN, especially since Iraq, but I can't help but agree with this. If I want to call your religion a bunch of hokey, I will. And you can call my lack thereof a bunch of hokey, and that's cool too. It's better to hurt people's feelings than justify people killing each other because of those hurt feelings.
The UN is a talking shop. Every so often it will come up with a stupid idea such as this and if others aren't wide awake enough to show how ridiculous it is then then the idea will get passed as people become more and more afraid to vote against it.
Please remember that with the way the US has played fast and loose with the UN over the last administration, the US can hardly object that the UN is coming up with strange recommendations. In fact actually, the last administration's religious right would probably have agreed with it.
Ehm, pardon me if I'm wrong, but wasn't the reason for the boycott critical remarks about Israel? I might got that mixed up though ..
The truth is more complex than Hitchens and lou dobbs let on. This is all happening inside the Human Rights council and is non binding. The General assembly has never passed any binding resolutions on this.


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Waukegan (prononcé en anglais : ) est une ville américaine située dans l'État de l'Illinois, en banlieue nord de Chicago. Siège du comté de Lake, elle compte selon le Bureau du recensement des États-Unis  en 2013.

Démographie

Selon l'American Community Survey, pour la période 2011-2015, 49,87 % de la population âgée de plus de  déclare parler l'espagnol à la maison, 44,53 % déclare parler l'anglais, 1,84 % le tagalog et 3,76 % une autre langue.

Personnalités liées à la ville

Source

Liens externes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As student armies clash in intense group battles and Connor struggles to leverage a pitifully underpowered army against overwhelming competition, the intrigue at the Carraig intensifies to deadly new levels. There are secrets at the Carraig buried for centuries that could shake the nation to its roots. Once Connor pokes that hornets' nest, the Tallan's own fury will be unleashed. To survive, Connor must outsmart conniving noble houses, dodge international assassins, survive unbelievably bad poetry, and risk exploring new powers that were concealed for very good reasons. As the conflict escalates and his ultimate enemy steps out of the shadows to strike, Connor must face a threat not seen since the Tallan Wars. Connor's best hope may be to embrace the thing he fears the most. And become the ultimate unclaimed.


A conductor refers to a material that contains electrical charges on its surface, allowing electricity to flow through it. Most often, these electrical charges are due to the presence of electrons. A material's degree of conductivity depends on the number of charge carriers present, the amount of charge being carried, and the mobility of the charge carriers. Generally, strong conductors are metals with loosely bound valence electrons that can move freely between atoms.
Silver is the strongest conductor out of all known materials. However, because silver is a relatively costly and sought-after material, it is not frequently used for its conductive properties. In cases where an extremely conductive material is essential, copper may be coated with a thin layer of liquid silver.
Copper is one of the most frequently used conductors due to its high conductivity combined with its relative abundance and low cost. Because it is also a ductile metal, it can be wound into coils and used to make wires. According to the European Copper Institute, copper is very resistant to corrosion, which also makes it ideal for home wiring.
Along with copper, aluminum is another frequently used conductor. While copper is more conductive, aluminum is more frequently used to make frying pans due to copper's reactivity with acidic foods. In February of 2011, Science Daily announced that aluminum was likely to replace copper in electric and semi-electric vehicles. Aluminum is less dense and cheaper than copper. However, this is still in debate because aluminum has less heat stability and the potential to corrode at a faster rate. It may need to be alloyed with another metal for certain applications.
In addition to the strong conductors listed above, other conductors include gold, iron, steel, brass, bronze and mercury. While materials generally fall into the category of being either a conductor or an insulator, some materials are both. According to ScienCentral, semiconductors are materials that are are mostly comprised of atoms that do not have free-moving electrons and therefore, they do not normally conduct electricity. However, some of their atoms do have free-moving electrons, which under certain circumstances, enables them to be conductive.
Catherine Jersey is a student at the University of North Florida and a contributor to her university's quarterly journal. She has published articles covering a broad array of topics, including nutrition, science, politics, entertainment and law.
Jersey, Catherine. "List Of Conductors." Sciencing, https://sciencing.com/list-conductors-8716914.html. 25 April 2017.


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He's affable, charming and seems to be getting things done. Setti Warren is running for second term as mayor of Newton. He is on a mission, he says, of building a sustainable, livable community, a model city for the 21st century. In the preliminary, he beat challenger Ted Hess-Mahan by a more than three-to-one margin, earning the support of 69 percent of voters in a four-person, low-turnout primary.
for a decade. With the odds so clearly against him in his bid for mayor, is Hess-Mahan just on an ego trip? I don't know him well enough to answer that. But no matter how popular the incumbent is, Hess-Mahan is performing a service by highlighting issues he considers important. None of those issues warrants turning the mayor out of office, but the community still needs to know about them.
Last spring, the electorate was satisfied enough with the Warren administration to pass a Prop 2 ½ override for schools and other pressing needs. He says he won't be going back for another override "for the next five years." He calls attention to "an unprecedented amount" of infrastructure work, especially on roads and sidewalks. "Newton's being rebuilt as we speak," he said in a recent interview in his office. Warren's vision is predicated on looking at how the city's 13 villages work in terms of housing, transportation, infrastructure, schools and human services.
Few cities have funded their post-employment benefits, like lifetime health coverage. Hess-Mahan has challenged the Mayor for failing to address adequately Newton's $600 million unfunded liability. It's his top priority. Hess-Mahan's solution would be negotiating with unions to contribute half of their health insurance premiums and raise the age threshold for achieving lifetime coverage. Warren explains that he has, for the first time, set aside $23 million, much through renegotiated union contracts. Half a million has been put into a dedicated trust fund.
The challenger claims that the pace of creating affordable housing in the city has slowed under Warren. The Mayor responds that, in a city that is 90% built out, you can't rely on CDBG funds but need a multipronged approach. He takes a long view, urging smart growth, transit-oriented development, an approach the city adopted in its 2007 comprehensive plan. He focuses on targeted development, like Riverside, which will yield 44 units; the Austin Street parking lot mixed use development, yielding another 25 units; and using zoning reform to facilitate two-family and accessory units. He'll continue leveraging very limited federal money (Community Development Block Grant yields $2 million a year) and will be submitting his own 5-year consolidated five-year plan to HUD during his second term. Warren was very effective in scores of town hall-style community meetings on city finances and later this month plans to start a series of community input meetings, on housing and other issues.
Notwithstanding the importance of getting new revenues, local officials have, with few exceptions, not distinguished themselves responding to local concerns about the negative impacts of development on neighborhoods. When pressed, Hess-Mahan agreed that, in some instances, the mayor and the aldermen have been quick to grab state and federal dollars and rely on post-development mitigation if there are problems. But those mitigation dollars will be too little too late for residents in Waban and Lower Falls about to face the secondary impacts of the Rtes. 9 and 128 Add-a-Lane project and the Riverside development.
Hess-Mahan says that the turnover at City Hall reflects poor leadership and creates low employee morale. Warren says the six percent vacancy rate is average, comparable to other communities. But Hess-Mahan decries "a revolving door in senior management." Prime example: a five-month vacancy for human resources director. Some Hess-Mahan supporters quietly claim that Warren himself is out of City Hall a lot, rather than being hands-on and immersed in details. Still, Hess-Mahan concedes the administration has made significant improvements in the city during the nearly four years Warren has been mayor.
Hess-Mahan's issues should prompt informed discussion, and we should all do better at tracking what the city does on housing, finance, department leadership and more. Hess-Mahan deserves credit for focusing attention on them during this whole election cycle. But he hasn't really woven these disparate matters into a vision for the city and has no unified thematic message to justify electing him. Perhaps that will materialize during his next term on the board.
Asked what "Setti II" will look like, the Mayor restates his goal of building "a livable, sustainable city of the 21st century," sustainable in long-term finances and energy use, a city hospitable to people of different generations and backgrounds. The only questions is: will people go to the polls to voice their opinion on the city's direction or will residents signify their approval by staying home?
This entry was posted in Politics, Uncategorized and tagged Add-a-Lane, affordable housing, municipal union contracts, Newton mayoral race, Prop 2 1/2 override, Riverside Project, Setti Warren, Ted Hess-Mahan, unfunded benefits liability. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Inom kategoriteorin i matematik är en funktor en tillordning som på ett naturligt sätt till varje objekt i en kategori associerar något objekt i samma eller en annan kategori.

Inledning
En mycket vanlig konstruktion i matematiken är att man till en struktur av en viss typ associerar en annan struktur. Några exempel på sådana konstruktioner är:
 Till ett topologiskt rum associerar man dess homologigrupper
 Till en ring associerar man dess maximala fraktionsring
 Till en grupp associerar man dess centrum
 Till ett komplex associerar man dess homologikomplex
 Givet en abelsk grupp , associerar man till varje abelsk  grupp gruppen av homomorfismer

Om en sådan association är sådan att avbildningar mellan två strukturer på ett naturligt sätt inducerar avbildningar mellan de associerade strukturerna, kallas associationen för en funktor. Mer allmänt kan man definiera funktorer mellan två kategorier
Alla associationer i listan ovan är funktorer.

Kovariant och kontravariant funktor
En kovariant funktor är en funktor som bevarar ordningen på morfierna.

En kontravariant funktor är en funktor som kastar om ordningen på morfierna.

Om termen "funktor" används utan att variansen anges, så syftar termen oftast på en kovariant funktor.

Definitioner
Givet två kategorier  så är en (kovariant) funktor  ett par av tillordningar  där  avbildar objekt i  på objekt i  och  avbildar morfier i  på morfier i  sådan att följande är sant:
 Om  och  så gäller
 Om  så

För en kontravariant funktor ersätts villkoren med:

 Om  och  så gäller
 Om  så

Funktorer med extra egenskaper
Låt  vara en (kovariant) funktor och låt som brukligt  beteckna mängden av morfismer från objektet  till objektet  i kategorin  (dito för kategorin ). Funktorn  ger för varje par  av objekt i  en avbildning
.
Funktorn  sägs vara trogen om varje sådan  är injektiv. Den sägs vara full om varje sådan  är surjektiv. En funktor som är både trogen och full sägs vara fullt trogen.


text:
Home » Theater Reviews » He Brought Her Heart Back in a Box
Adrienne Kennedy
Austin Zwitser
Carol Rocamora
Christopher Barreca
Donald Holder
Evan Yionoulis
He Brought Her Heart Back in a Box
Juliana Canfield
Justin Ellington
Montana Levi Blanco
TFANA
Theatre for a New Audience
Tom Pecinka
Women Rule the London Stages
Horton Foote's The Young Man From Atlanta
A Bright Room Called Day
Posted on Feb 7, 2018 in Theater Reviews
Juliana Canfield and Tom Pecinka
by Carol Rocamora
There are lots of ways to tell a story in the theatre. But there are few as arresting and haunting as the way Adrienne Kennedy tells her new tale at the Theatre for a New Audience.
After a nine-year hiatus, this celebrated American playwright (now 86) has returned with He Brought Her Heart Back in a Box, her tantalizingly titled new offering. Set in Georgia and New York City in 1941, it's essentially the story of two young lovers – a white boy and bi-racial girl – and their struggle to be together while warding off ghosts from the past.
By "essentially," I mean that there's much more to this sliver of a forty-five-minute play, both in terms of form and content. Told in a series of parallel monologues by Chris and Kay, the play's only characters, we learn about their origins – he, the son of a ruling racist in the town where they grew up; she, the daughter of a white man and a black peach-picker who was fifteen when she gave birth to Kay. Chris's father was an architect who designed their town's racially segregated plan, while at the same time keeping black mistresses. (He established a graveyard where these women and their offspring were buried.)
Chris's father haunts the stage – literally – in the form of a spectral white dummy whom Chris frequently addresses, and who at one point rises nightmarishly (suspended from wires) to confront the lovers.
Kay's story has its own phantoms. Her mother died shortly after she was born – either by suicide or murder, it's not clear (hence the play's surreal title, repeated throughout the narrative).
So while the story moves forward (Chris goes to New York to become an actor, hoping Kay will soon follow), it keeps reaching back into the past. At the same time, there are brief interruptions of radio announcements, reminding us that there's a world war going on (at one point there's a reference to a trip that Chris's father, a Nazi sympathizer, takes with his son to Germany). To add to these narrative "shards," there are a collage of seemingly unrelated cultural elements – including a reference to Grimm's Snow White (from whence the play's title comes), excerpts from a Christopher Marlowe's revenge tragedy, and snippets of Noel Coward songs. The effect is fragmented, poetic, and surreal.
Juliana Canfield, Tom Pecinka
Designers Christopher Barreca (sets) and Donald Holder (lights) have created a kind of dreamscape that reflects the play's fragmentation. Before you enter the auditorium, there's a model of the Georgia town where Chris and Kay were raised. It's the last stronghold of realism before you enter the theatre itself – a cavernous empty space, with a steep staircase in the center that seems to lead nowhere. Shard-like images of the town (by Austin Switser) are projected on the flanking brick walls, while original music (by Justin Ellington) underscores much of the dialogue. Montana Levi Blanco's colorful costumes offer flashes of romance and hope. The combined visual and aural impact is spellbinding.
Like the fragments of a Chagall painting, the elements of Kennedy's story coalesce into a kind of wondrous dream – beautiful and at the same time terrible, given that this is a play about racism (past and present), Nazism, and two families torn by violence and tragedy. Under Evan Yionoulis's skilled direction, Juliana Canfield (as Kay) and Tom Pecinka (as Chris) offer heartwarming, heartbreaking portrayals of two young souls with their lives ahead of them, who cannot shake the specters of the past.
"The scene is memory and is, therefore, nonrealistic. Memory takes a lot of poetic license. It omits some details; others are exaggerated… for memory is seated predominantly in the heart." So says Tom, the narrator of The Glass Menagerie. Like Tennessee Williams before her, Kennedy makes magic from memory – of her own haunted, deeply moving past from which this poetic play has sprung.
Photos: Gerry Goodstein
He Brought Her Heart Back in a Box, by Adrienne Kennedy, directed by Evan Yionoulis, at Theatre for a New Audience, now through February 11.
www.TFANA.org


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Level playing field has been ensured: CEC
27 January, 2020, 08:25 pm
Last modified: 27 January, 2020, 08:29 pm
State will collapse in case of media blackout: CEC Kazi Habibul Awal
Caretaker government most suitable system for credible polls: Fakhrul
Next parliament election will be held as per constitution: Anisul
Stay ready to ensure a fair, acceptable election, home minister tells DCs
Govt taking preparations to hold free, fair election: PM
KM Nurul Huda also claimed that the commission has found no evidence of harassment of BNP-backed candidates during electioneering
Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) KM Nurul Huda. File photo
Chief Election Commissioner KM Nurul Huda has said that a level playing field has been ensured for all mayor and councillor candidates in the forthcoming Dhaka city elections slated for February 1.
A level playing field refers to a situation in which every contestant has a fair and equal chance of succeeding.
While talking to the media on Monday afternoon, the CEC also claimed that the commission has found no evidence of harassment of BNP-backed candidates during electioneering for the upcoming city polls.
He, however, assured of looking into the allegations of harassment.
"The law enforcement agencies have been asked to beef up security for the voters," he added.
On Sunday, BNP-backed mayoral candidate for the Dhaka South City Corporation Ishraq Hossain came under attack while he was on an election campaign in the Old Dhaka.
Ishraq Hossain alleged that the attack was a part of a ploy to disrupt the elections.
Last week, BNP nominated mayoral candidate for the Dhaka North City Corporation Tabith Awal was attacked while he was electioneering in Dhaka's Mirpur area.
Tabith alleged that Awami League-backed councillor candidate Mujib Sarwar Masum and his followers swooped on them while they were busy in electoral campaign.
Chief Election Commissioner / election / Dhaka city corporation


text:
Q: Display SAS to oracle query I'm using a SAS access to oracle. and I want to see the query that SAS sends to Oracle.
assume that : oracle is the name of the oracle libname and local is the sas libname.
proc sql;
   select *
     from oracle.oracle_table ot
       inner join local.sas_table st
          on ot.customer_id = st.customer_id
;
quit;

I want to know if sas retrieves all data from the oracle table and then does the join or it's sending the list of the customer ids.
Thanks !
MK

A: Use sastrace to see how it's coming over from Oracle, and _method to see how they are being joined.
options sastrace=',,,d' sastraceloc=saslog;
proc sql _method;
 select *
  from oracle.oracle_table ot
   inner join local.sas_table st
      on ot.customer_id = st.customer_id
;
quit;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Two hooded crows in a lab have wowed their human colleagues by passing a test designed to see whether animals can grasp analogies.
Artikel lesen unter: Milius Susan (2014): Crows may be able to make analogies. Birds pass a lab test for picking out similar relationships. Hg. v. ScientNews online. Internet. Online verfügbar unter https://www.sciencenews.org/article/crows-may-be-able-make-analogies/, zuletzt geprüft am 23.10.2015.


text:
Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture
David Smith (Inventor)
In the manufacture of optical devices such as laser diodes (LD) and light emitting diodes (LED) based upon gallium nitride (GaN) thin films, it is of utmost importance to minimize defects in the GaN film. For a GaN-based LD to have a long life, i.e. several thousand hours of continuous operation, it is essential to limit the defect density in the GaN film to no more than 10 million per square centimeter. In order to achieve this low defect density, very complex schemes of growing, the GaN film epitaxially on a sapphire substrate have been developed. Such growth schemes are very time-consuming, however, and have thus far prevented the commercialization of laser diodes based on GaN. For instance, the overall scheme for producing low defect density in GaN films is to first grow an aluminum nitride (AIN) film on a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate and then deposit a GaN film on top of the AIN film. Such an AIN film is generally known as a buffer layer. The GaN/AIN/SiC system has reasonably close matching in lattice parameters. However, sole reliance on lattice matching is insufficient for the production of defect-free films. GaN films grown on AIN buffer layers on SiC substrates still exhibit a defect density similar to those grown on sapphire substrates, about 1010 dislocations per square centimeter. The reason for the high defect density in the GaN film is largely due to dislocations propagating from the AIN/SiC substrate/buffer-layer interface, which in turn, originate from the inherent defects and imperfections existing on the SiC substrate surface.Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new method of achieving extremely low defect densities in heteroepitaxial GaN films. In fact, examination of interfaces between SiC substrates and AIN buffer layers using high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals very sharp and very clean surfaces. A near-perfect epitaxial relationship is observed between the AIN buffer layer and the SiC substrate with very few interfacial defects. Although the nearly defect-free interface is obtained with the SEE method of deposition, low defect densities at the interface can be also be achieved with other standard methods of deposition such as metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydride vapor phase deposition (HVPE), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
surface defects Physics & Astronomy
gallium nitrides Physics & Astronomy
silicon carbides Physics & Astronomy
semiconductor lasers Physics & Astronomy
aluminum nitrides Physics & Astronomy
defects Physics & Astronomy
buffers Physics & Astronomy
Smith, D. (1900). Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture.
Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture. / Smith, David (Inventor).
Jan 01, 1900.
Smith, D Jan. 01 1900, Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture.
Smith D, inventor. Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture. 1900 Jan 1.
Smith, David (Inventor). / Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture. Jan 01, 1900.
@misc{82243504724c4055bc7f0ea13bddb0b0,
title = "Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture",
abstract = "In the manufacture of optical devices such as laser diodes (LD) and light emitting diodes (LED) based upon gallium nitride (GaN) thin films, it is of utmost importance to minimize defects in the GaN film. For a GaN-based LD to have a long life, i.e. several thousand hours of continuous operation, it is essential to limit the defect density in the GaN film to no more than 10 million per square centimeter. In order to achieve this low defect density, very complex schemes of growing, the GaN film epitaxially on a sapphire substrate have been developed. Such growth schemes are very time-consuming, however, and have thus far prevented the commercialization of laser diodes based on GaN. For instance, the overall scheme for producing low defect density in GaN films is to first grow an aluminum nitride (AIN) film on a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate and then deposit a GaN film on top of the AIN film. Such an AIN film is generally known as a buffer layer. The GaN/AIN/SiC system has reasonably close matching in lattice parameters. However, sole reliance on lattice matching is insufficient for the production of defect-free films. GaN films grown on AIN buffer layers on SiC substrates still exhibit a defect density similar to those grown on sapphire substrates, about 1010 dislocations per square centimeter. The reason for the high defect density in the GaN film is largely due to dislocations propagating from the AIN/SiC substrate/buffer-layer interface, which in turn, originate from the inherent defects and imperfections existing on the SiC substrate surface.Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new method of achieving extremely low defect densities in heteroepitaxial GaN films. In fact, examination of interfaces between SiC substrates and AIN buffer layers using high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals very sharp and very clean surfaces. A near-perfect epitaxial relationship is observed between the AIN buffer layer and the SiC substrate with very few interfacial defects. Although the nearly defect-free interface is obtained with the SEE method of deposition, low defect densities at the interface can be also be achieved with other standard methods of deposition such as metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydride vapor phase deposition (HVPE), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).",
author = "David Smith",
T1 - Method of Preparing Low Defect Surfaces on Silicon Carbide Substrates for Laser Diodes and LED Manufacture
AU - Smith, David
N2 - In the manufacture of optical devices such as laser diodes (LD) and light emitting diodes (LED) based upon gallium nitride (GaN) thin films, it is of utmost importance to minimize defects in the GaN film. For a GaN-based LD to have a long life, i.e. several thousand hours of continuous operation, it is essential to limit the defect density in the GaN film to no more than 10 million per square centimeter. In order to achieve this low defect density, very complex schemes of growing, the GaN film epitaxially on a sapphire substrate have been developed. Such growth schemes are very time-consuming, however, and have thus far prevented the commercialization of laser diodes based on GaN. For instance, the overall scheme for producing low defect density in GaN films is to first grow an aluminum nitride (AIN) film on a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate and then deposit a GaN film on top of the AIN film. Such an AIN film is generally known as a buffer layer. The GaN/AIN/SiC system has reasonably close matching in lattice parameters. However, sole reliance on lattice matching is insufficient for the production of defect-free films. GaN films grown on AIN buffer layers on SiC substrates still exhibit a defect density similar to those grown on sapphire substrates, about 1010 dislocations per square centimeter. The reason for the high defect density in the GaN film is largely due to dislocations propagating from the AIN/SiC substrate/buffer-layer interface, which in turn, originate from the inherent defects and imperfections existing on the SiC substrate surface.Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new method of achieving extremely low defect densities in heteroepitaxial GaN films. In fact, examination of interfaces between SiC substrates and AIN buffer layers using high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals very sharp and very clean surfaces. A near-perfect epitaxial relationship is observed between the AIN buffer layer and the SiC substrate with very few interfacial defects. Although the nearly defect-free interface is obtained with the SEE method of deposition, low defect densities at the interface can be also be achieved with other standard methods of deposition such as metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydride vapor phase deposition (HVPE), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).
AB - In the manufacture of optical devices such as laser diodes (LD) and light emitting diodes (LED) based upon gallium nitride (GaN) thin films, it is of utmost importance to minimize defects in the GaN film. For a GaN-based LD to have a long life, i.e. several thousand hours of continuous operation, it is essential to limit the defect density in the GaN film to no more than 10 million per square centimeter. In order to achieve this low defect density, very complex schemes of growing, the GaN film epitaxially on a sapphire substrate have been developed. Such growth schemes are very time-consuming, however, and have thus far prevented the commercialization of laser diodes based on GaN. For instance, the overall scheme for producing low defect density in GaN films is to first grow an aluminum nitride (AIN) film on a silicon carbide (SiC) substrate and then deposit a GaN film on top of the AIN film. Such an AIN film is generally known as a buffer layer. The GaN/AIN/SiC system has reasonably close matching in lattice parameters. However, sole reliance on lattice matching is insufficient for the production of defect-free films. GaN films grown on AIN buffer layers on SiC substrates still exhibit a defect density similar to those grown on sapphire substrates, about 1010 dislocations per square centimeter. The reason for the high defect density in the GaN film is largely due to dislocations propagating from the AIN/SiC substrate/buffer-layer interface, which in turn, originate from the inherent defects and imperfections existing on the SiC substrate surface.Researchers at Arizona State University have developed a new method of achieving extremely low defect densities in heteroepitaxial GaN films. In fact, examination of interfaces between SiC substrates and AIN buffer layers using high-resolution cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals very sharp and very clean surfaces. A near-perfect epitaxial relationship is observed between the AIN buffer layer and the SiC substrate with very few interfacial defects. Although the nearly defect-free interface is obtained with the SEE method of deposition, low defect densities at the interface can be also be achieved with other standard methods of deposition such as metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), hydride vapor phase deposition (HVPE), and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE).


text:
Border Ramblings
'Trotting' about in Natal .... A Unicorn, A Couple of Christians, A Bishop & A Spot of Polo
This post started life as a simple Twitter post looking for information concerning South African records, specifically Natal. The post was answered almost immediately by fellow genealogist Kirsty Wilkinson, with some useful links and the suggestion I contact Rosemary Dixon-Smith. By mid morning I had enough information to post a short piece on Facebook, and by the end of the day the story of a long lost branch of the family was starting to emerge before me.
My Christmas present to myself, a second hand copy of a book "Stories from the Karkloof Hills" by Charles Scott-Shaw lays bare in black & white the story of this and other remarkable emigrant families that had the foresight and guts to carve out a new life in the beautiful but challenging environment of the Karkloof, Natal in the 1850's.
I could write at length of my findings contained within this lovely book, but for the sake of practicality I will limit this post to references to family members. As many of my relatives who read this post will know, our line is directly descended from Christian Trotter of Kerchesters, but what many may not know is that George Trotter, the subject of this post, had a mother called Christian, who was also the daughter of a Christian Trotter (aunt of our Christian Trotter) of Kerchesters & her husband Henry Richardson. George's parents John Trotter & Christian Richardson were therefore first cousins. George was thus first cousin to my 2x great grandfather John Smith, the progenitor of the Smith family of Longhoughton.
The importance of wills in research
In researching part of my own family I have constantly hit a blank with George Trotter, farmer of Stacks in Carriden, Scotland and his family. They simply disappear sometime after 1841. Nothing unusual in this - they obviously emigrated, but where? Extensive trawling of Canadian, American, Australian and New Zealand records proved fruitless.
I turned my focus to his wife's family Grace or 'Grizzel' Young daughter of Richard Young brewer in Cannongate Edinburgh. Again, although the family is very interesting Grace's siblings remained on the whole unmarried. Grace is named in her father's will along with a sister I had failed to pick up from the census - Jane. George Trotter is also mentioned in the left margin so I knew I was on the right track.
A search for the will of Jane and her other unmarried sisters threw up some enlightening new evidence. Written in 1886 it is pretty standard stuff leaving everything to each other etc., then one line caught my eye with reference to sister Margaret Ann Young residing in Pietermaritzburg, Natal, South Africa. What on earth is a single woman doing in Natal in 1886?
The answer of course, is simple - she went with George Trotter, her sister Grace & their family. From the scant South African records that exist I ascertained that indeed Margaret Ann Young and George Trotter are listed as emigrants between 1824 & 1857.
The 'Byrne Settlers' & The Unicorn
The total number of emigrants between the years 1824 & 1857 was just in excess of 2,800. Those that became known as the 'Byrne Settlers' form a proportion of that number. They emigrated to Natal in 20 ships between the years 1849 to 1851 under a land purchase scheme set up & run by J C Byrne & Co. Rosemary Dixon-Smith, a specialist in Natal history, confirmed that George Trotter, his wife Grace Young and four children had arrived by the Unicorn in Port Natal on 19th September 1850, also listed amongst the passengers was Margaret Ann Young. The ship had sailed from Liverpool of the 14th June with a large contingent of Scottish emigrants largely from one neighbourhood. An account from a book written by a fellow settler J D Clark describes some of the passengers of the Unicorn as follows:-
"Although the ship sailed from Liverpool on 13 June 1850, most of the emigrants were from Scotland and from one neighbourhood, a fact noted by a reporter of the 'Cape Town Mail' when the ship reached the Cape in August 1850. She carried 257 passengers and was too big (946 tons) to be conveyed across the Bar at Durban.
The little "Sarah Bell" brought off her cargo and the surf-boats ferried her passengers ashore. It was from these people that Byrne extracted an unexpected levy of two shillings and sixpence for first class passengers and one and sixpence for the steerage before the ship sailed.
One passenger, Archibald Smith, must have got a shock as Byrne and his clerks scrambled aboard, for he had just embezzled a sum of money from his Liverpool employer and was travelling under a false name.
James Arbuthnot, his wife and family came by the ship. Their family history states that the "Unicorn" was well run and well provisioned. The cabin passengers organized patrols throughout the ship and maintained good order. The first Presbyterian minister to Natal, the Rev William Campbell, came by this ship to seek a more benign climate than that of his parish in Alexandria, Dunbdrtonshire, Scotland. His wife Maria, aged 35, and his five children accompanied him. George Lamond, pioneer sugar planter with Edmund Morewood at Compensation, also came.
Forty-eight year-old George Trotter, his wife Grace,and a family of three good-looking teenage daughters and a son of 11 were passengers. Gabriel Eaglestone, a stonemason and sculptor, later to commit suicide in Pietermaritzburg, was another emigrant to come with his wife and three children.
Another family which became prominent and who arrived on the "Unicorn" was Duncan and Margaret McKenzie, an Argyllshire man, who abandoned his plot of 40 acres and bought a timber farm near Nottingham Road. Sir Duncan McKenzie was one of his sons. In 1906 he (the son) was commander in chief of the Natal forces who suppressed a Zulu rebellion under Chief Bhambata"
From my research on home shores I know that George was born on the 9th September 1796 at Newham in North Northumberland, was baptised by the Rev Mr Nichol at Warenford, and yet the above account states he gave his age as 48, rather than 51. There may be a reason for this. If he was indeed an emigrant to the Natal under what became known as the 'Byrne Settlers' scheme, he would have been a little too old at 51, the ideal age being 45 or under. His farming experience and a little 'massaging of the truth' may just have seen him qualify.
We can also ascertain from this account that two of George & Grace's children must have died prior to the date of departure. The surviving offspring, all baptised at Carriden, Scotland are, Isabella Cramond Trotter b. 1831, Christian aka Christina Trotter b. 1833, Margaret Ann Trotter b. 1836 & John Trotter b. 1838.
J C Byrne & Co - opportunist and bounder
Joseph Charles Byrne was born in Dublin circa 1800, the son of a cattle dealer. He apparently travelled extensively throughout North America, Canada, Australia & New Zealand and wrote a number of guides for emigrants, although proof that he actually visited some of these countries is vague to say the least. Following his dismissal as a reporter of the Melbourne Argus in 1842 he made his way back to England in 1847 via the Cape Colony having borrowed £40 from a friend, and secured a prommissary note from his father.
His next enterpise, a foray into the world of stocks & shares also proved unsuccesful, but the stock market crash proved the inspiration for his next business venture - the resultant mass emigration from the UK to the colonies. During the period 1846 to 1851 over 1.3 million people left the UK for foreign shores and Byrne wanted his slice of the action and Natal was his destination of choice.
His first ship of 20 departed in January 1849 and by the time the fifth ship had docked at Port Natal there was already disgruntled murmurings amongst the earlier emigrants. In a nutshell it was the value of the land both monetary and productivity, that proved the major undoing of Byrne's scheme and by early September 1850, before the 'Unicorn' had docked at Durban, notices regarding the bankruptcy of J C Byrne & Co was appearing in the British newspapers.
Byrne then departed for Natal himself and a series of further swindles unfolded before Byrne departed Natal for good to try his hand at gold prospecting in Victoria, Australia. The failure of his scheme led to many hardships amongst the early settler and many sailed on to Australia themselves. Those that remained, of which George Trotter and his family were one, persevered and provided a significant contribution to the Natal of today.
The information detailed above is abridged in the extreme. To read a fuller account of the life & times of Joseph Charles Byrne I would encourage you to read the excellent work of Dr Shelagh O'Byrne-Spencer whose life's work is dedicated to the history of these early settlers http://shelaghspencer.com/josephbyrne/
The family of George & Grace
George & Grace had settled and were established at the farm known as 'Woodside', Yarrow by the time of the marriage of their eldest daughters Isabella Cramond & Christian in 1853. George was also a Justice of the Peace.
Christian's story...
Christian was married to Charles Barter at Woodside in April 1853 in a double wedding with her sister Isabella Cramond to William Mackenzie.
Christian was thrown from her horse and drowned just three months later. Scott-Shaw describes an excerpt from her husbands diary, written after he has decided to settle in the area, he describes his appreciation of the flora & fauna and his deep love for Christian thus:-
"In deeply moving and very personal language he writes of his feelings during courtship, the encouragement of Miss Young, Mrs Trotter's sister, the simple wedding performed by Dean Green at Woodside, and the complete sense of harmony with nature and ecstasy as he drove off in his buggy with his lovely bride beside him to spend autumn days together at Singleton. His grief which was too deep and personal to describe ends his diary a few months later when Christian was tragically drowned".
In an equally sensitive passage he describes her headstone and final resting place:-
"Her name is still clearly marked on a tombstone, standing between two rushing streams at the foot of the M'Bona and looking wistfully down the Karkloof valley. It is leaning over at an angle, perhaps symbolic, of the forgotten glory of the struggle of those early settlers. Fate had decreed that she was not to live to see her family's descendants develop and populate this land of promise. Her husband and sisters were later to found the families who have played such an important role in the history of Midland Natal."
Charles Barter married again in 1854, Emma Butler, and with private means was able to indulge in his love of horses and the chase. He was the first to import thoroughbred horses to the region, and not just any old horse but the famous stallion 'Mortimer' winner of the Ascot Stakes.
He imported hounds too, and such was his passion for hunting he named his farms 'The Start', 'The Chase', 'The Check' and 'The Finish' A talented horseman he was the natural choice to command the Karkloof Carbineers & 1873 led his troops into the unknown territory of the "Giants's Castle Pass" against overwhelming odds. He died at the 'The Finish' in 1904, aged 84 years.
Author Charles Scott-Shaw from his book "Stories from the Karkloof Hills" has this to say about this indomitable gentleman...
"His introduction of thoroughbred horse breeding, game preservation, and his contribution to social and military life of the Karkloof will always mark him as one of her greatest sons"
Isabella Cramond and the "Bishop"
Midmar Castle
Married the same day at 'Woodside' was Christian's sister Isabella Cramond to William Mackenzie. William was the third son of William Mackenzie of Muirton & Mary Mansfield, daughter of James Mansfield of Midmar Castle, & granddaughter of the Earl of Stair. An illustrious and influential background for a graduate of Trinity Hall, Cambridge who was ordained and appointed chaplain to the Duchess of Sutherland.
However this was not to last, and for reasons that remain a mystery he was ceremoniously "defrocked", a matter to which his family allegedly referred to with "pride and admiration". Whatever the cause William set out for a new life in Natal and was granted land in the Karkloof which he named 'Cramond'. A larger than life character he was affectionately nicknamed the "Bishop", who liked to make his presence felt on his trips to Maritzburg, often 'painting the town red'. His friend the Dean Green being on hand to get him home to bed and confiscating his boots to prevent further merry-making!
On a serious note he was an astute business man who prospered well at Cramond and was able to provide well for his large family. Their sons Harry & Tom were founder members of the Karkloof Polo Club, eldest son George settled at 'Buccleuch', daughter Mary Marion married Sir George Leuchars and in 1901 sons Alec, Jack, George & Tom, together with George Leuchars and Col. Green formed the Company 'The Clan Syndicate' that was to revolutionise farming in the Karkloof. Recognising the great potential for timber production, combined with the coming of the railway they set out to increase their land holding. They bought the farms of Etterick, & Japsons Vlei from John Trotter and also Roode Spruit, whilst maintaining their dairy and general farming interests . Scott-Shaw sums this chapter up by saying:-
"The descendants of "Bishop" William Mackenzie and Isabella Trotter have multiplied to the fifth generation. Isabella's brother John inherited Yarrow and his son George continued farming after him, while his sister married Walter "Wattie" Shaw, whose father settled in the Karkloof at the same time as old George Trotter."
Indeed "Wattie's" father Walter Thomas Shaw didn't just arrive at the same time as 'old' George Trotter, he arrived on the same boat!
Mary Isabel & "Wattie" Shaw
Shaw of Ardesley
Mary Isobel Trotter married Walter Joseph Gower Shaw in 1900. "Wattie" as he was known was the son of Walter Thomas Shaw a descendant of Robert Shaw of Ardesley, Yorkshire who had been granted arms and crest by Queen Anne in 1707 & his wife Elizabeth Relph Gower. The Shaw family was however, originally of Scottish decent.
Wattie's father was one of four brothers, and of the three that married each had four sons. so already a large family in the making. After a few years at Shaw Flats, from where Whattie's father took a trip into Zulu country to trade for cattle and came back with 360 head four months later, the brothers established a sawmill at Clarendon now known as Shawswood, the birth place of Wattie & his brothers, and home to Shaw descendants to this day.
Wattie was the eldest of four boys born in quick succession from 1871 to 1876 to be followed by two girls Caroline & Muriel in 1879 & 1881 respectively. Scott-Shaw tells us that they were "brought up in the best Victorian tradition, strict paternal rule." The brothers and their cousins all attended Hilton College where they excelled on the sports field, were members of the school rugby, cricket and rifle team. The youngest of the brothers, Campbell Gower Shaw was an exceptional sportsman and went on to represent Natal at rugby.
An excerpt from a diary written in 1899 by a cousin holidaying at Shawswood gives a glimpse of the social side of everyday life, and the last sentence makes me smile :-
"We young people, especially during weekends, used to go visiting at the various homes - 'Holbeck' where William Shaw lived, 'Yarrow' John Trotter's, 'Talavera' Eustace Shaw's, 'The Hutch' where Bunnie Burdon lived and ran that part of John Trotter's large estate and other places. Wattie spent most of his spare time at 'Yarrow' and also during the day supervising the erection of his home 'Colbourne'.........
But it is probably for playing polo that these four brothers will be best remembered. The Zulu war of 1879 brought many famous army regiments but it was in 1896 and an invitation extended to the 5th Lancers that led to formation of the Karkloof Polo Club. Founder members as well as Tom & Harry Mackenzie described above were Eustace Shaw, Bunny Burdon, Johnny Johnston & Alfred, Wattie & Joe Shaw.
The Karkloof team from 1899 to 1914 was made up of the four Shaw brothers, having been joined by younger brother Campbell. This team had the unique distinction of never having been beaten for the duration of this period. Some feat considering they encountered the best teams in South Africa.
Scott-Shaw tells us "It was generally agreed among British military officers that the Shaw brothers team would have beaten any club in the world at that time. They conquered visiting teams from India with championship honours.....They beat the 7th Hussars in the Beresford Cup and three months later the 7th Hussars won the British Army Polo Championship in England"
And all of this on colonial poines bred and trained by themselves. Such was the fame of the four Shaw brothers that a poem was written in their honour
Here, the great team of polo players rose:
Naught but the bush could raise such men as these-
The Shaws who on their poies brought
The skill of British Regiments to naught.
Four brothers never beaten. They were the sons
Of a Byrne's settler, these unvanquished ones
"Who does not remember the famous Shaw brothers and their unbeaten record?. Lean wiry, farmer-men who put the 'swanky' military teams to shame in many a hard fought game.
The military-men would turn out with their beautifully groomed expensive ponies and the team from the bush country, with their wiry, nippy little mounts, would defeat them time and time again. Perfect combination and perfect understanding of each other's play used to win the day for the famous four."
The third daughter of George & Grace married Frederick William Morton and had five children. John Trotter's other daughter Grace Elizabeth married Harold Stanley Stiebel in 1902 and must have had at least one son as I can find a record for John Trotter Stiebel.
Reading Charles Scott-Shaw's book has been an enlightening experience and I hope you don't feel I have over glamorised my interpretation. As well as the fun and success, there was great hardship, suffering and loss, as I suppose there is, and always has been throughout the world. I have merely extracted a few of the high moments & events. I am so full of admiration of the foresight and fortitude of all of those settlers who stuck it out and made a go of it!
I am delighted to say that I am now in contact with the widow of Wattie Shaw's grandson, and am enjoying hearing what present day descendants of George & Grace are up to! So if you are reading this and are another descendant, and I am sure there will be many, I would dearly love to hear from you! If anyone has questions about the Trotter family pre emigration, and the fate of those that remained in the UK I will be delighted to answer them.
I wish you all a very Merry Christmas & a Happy & Prosperous New Year!
Ann Humble
No relations there , sadly , but a riveting good 'read ' ,as ever !
Odette Venuti
Always impressed with the depth of your research. Can't wait for you to tackle the Watson family.
Catherine Murray
Very intresting read. I have been researching my family history. My father is Saxon Murray and his grandmother was a Mackenzie. My father says the mackenzie's where friendly with the owners of a farm Saxony which is how he got his name. we found a mention in an old book on Natal which mentions a William Mackenzie who had been a reverend to the dutchess of sutherland who married Isobella Trotter. My father believes this is his relative and now I am trying to see if there is indeed a link or not but not having terrible much success.
Susie Douglas
Hi Catherine. If you contact me directly by email using the envelope at the top right of the screen, or complete the contact us form, with as much detail as you have I shall take a look for you.
Anton Handley
I am busy researching my family tree. One of my ancestors came out on the Unicorn - the following was an extract from my family tree:
"William Hall sailed from Liverpool on 11th June, 1850 in the sailing ship Unicorn. He was accompanied by his second wife, Sarah and two children, Edwin Brennand aged eight years and Harry aged one year. They reached Port Natal on the 20th September, and took a house for one month, together with some fellow passengers. He complained of the sand in Durban and remarked in one letter "if that can ever be overcome, Durban will be a very fine town."
He bought land at Isipingo and called the place "Underhill Farm". He attempted to grow cotton, but was unable to get the natives to work. He also seems to have joined with another man who was not very reliable. While at "Underhill Farm" he built a house which partly collapsed owing to White Ants.
William Hall left Natal in 1853 to return to England, but his wife was so ill on the ship between Port Natal and Cape Town that she was taken off at the latter port, and they settled there, neither of them ever returning to England, even for a visit.
After settling at Cape Town, he obtained employment with Messrs. Collison Sons & Company for whom he worked for 24 years, managing the business. When he withdrew from this connection, Mr. Hall established himself as a professional Accountant, in which capacity he was largely employed as an Arbitrator in disputed Mercantile transactions. He became Chairman of the Directorate of the Cape Town Commercial Bank, also Chairman of the Marine Assurance Company and a Director of the Colonial Fire Assurance and Gas Companies. He was also Principal of the Worcester firm of W. Hall & Company.
He died in the year 1881, leaving five sons and one daughter.
[Compiled by M.E. and E.P. WHITEHEAD]"
PS. I also have a photo of William Hall.
Hi Anton
Thank you for sharing this fabulous success story with us! It illustrates so well the "never say die" attitude of these settlers, combined with compassion and the love he obviously had for his wife.
Dennis Watts
Hi Anton, loved your story, thank you. I was interested to see that William Hall worked for Collison Sons & Co. in Cape Town. My relation, Phoebe Watts, married Francis Collison who, with his brother John, owned the company. I don't suppose that photo of William Hall you mentioned had any of the above people included?
All the best, Dennis
Sadly the photo is only of William Hall. Any other info on either him or his wife would be welcomed.
Beth Shaw link
Hi, my son is Gower Albert Shaw. He is 7th generation Shaw in the Karkloof. He is an active Polo player. He won the Shaw Brothers Memorial trophy last year at a Karkloof polo match. It was an incredible moment in history for us. He is only 11:)
I'm cataloguing Charles Barter's book "The dorp and the veld, or, Six months in Natal", 1852, and was looking for biographical information on him. He has quite a story to tell. For those interested, he also published a diary "Natal Diary, 14 August 1852-26 April 1853". His first wife, Christian, died April, 1853 as you mention. In memory of his second wife he donated to Pietermaritzburg the "Emma Barter Homes for the Aged" that still operates today.
Jayzen B
William MacKenzie of Cramond is a 4th cousin 5x removed to me.
Colette Brady
My first response about the Taylor family was in error. James Taylor was born in South Africa in 1852.He died in 1853 and the next brother, Thomas J Taylor was born in Victoria, Australia in 1854
Thanks for this. I'm following a branch of my Scottish family James and Jane Taylor (nee Auld), who travelled to Australia via Cape Town on the Unicorn. Their first son Robert Beveridge Unicorn Taylor was born on the Unicorn on 13 June 1850. Have you come across them? I'm unsure what ship took them on to Western Australia, but their next child James Taylor was born in Australia in 1852
Melissa Langerman
Thank you so much for this piece on the Byrne settlers which I came across while seeking information on The Unicorn. I thought you might be interested to know why all these Scottish settlers actually left from Liverpool!
A trawl through Byrne adverts in old Scottish and British newspapers in early May 1850 shows the Scottish settlers were originally meant to sail on the Ontario (an 800 ton vessel) from Glasgow on May 23. As well a vessel of 800 tons was advertised to sail from Liverpool on May 8. Then on May 10 there is an ad announcing The Unicorn will sail from Liverpool in a few days.However her tonnage is given incorrectly in the ad and on the 14 th of May there are ads refering to an un-named 800 ton vessel t sail from Liverpool on May 8 as well as the Unicorn of 942 tons to sail on June 1. In ads on May 16 there is no mention of The Unicorn but the un-named 800 ton vessel is still sailing from Liverpool as is the Ontario on May 23 (the ads clearly had not been updated given the May 8 sailing time!) Finally on May 18 Scottish newspapers carry an ad announcing that the Ontario has been withdrawn from the Berth in the Clyde for Natal and that in place of the Junior of 800 tons which was to sail from Liverpool, a much larger vessel The Unicorn "a splendid first-class frigate-built ship of 1200 tons" will leave from Liverpool at the start of June. (I am a little confused about all this as earlier ads seemed to indicated the Unicorn was sailing anyway?) The ad also notes that passengers who were to travel on the Ontario will be conveyed from Glasgow to Liverpool along with their luggage, free of expense, and that the Rev William Campbell, Minister, and Mr Alex McDonald, Teacher, will accompany them.
I can't imagine how confusing all the ads and their differing bits of information must have been for potential emigrants who then also had to face an additional journey from Glasgow to Liverpool with all their baggage.
The Unicorn finally left much later than planned on June 14.
She sunk on 9 November 1851 while carrying Irish emigrants to St John New Brunswick while skippered by a Captain Gray. Apparently the crews' treatment of the survivors left a lot to be desired. The boat was dis-masted on the 7th and the passengers were left without food on the 8th. When two vessels rescued the passengers on the 9th they and the captain wrote that the survivors were literally being flung into boats alongside the wreck causing broken bones and that one passenger finally died of the injuries he sustained.
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Hitosara Improves Open Rate with Appier's AI-Powered Customer Engagement Platform
Comms Team July 4, 2019
Web push view rate reaches 19 times more users with AIQUA, lifting open rate by 36%
Tokyo, July 4 2019 — USEN-NEXT GROUP of USEN Media Co., Ltd. (USEN Media) which operates a popular gourmet social media platform (Hitosara) is using Appier's artificial intelligence (AI)-powered customer engagement platform AIQUA to boost its web push open rate. Hitosara has achieved the highest open rate of 36% (8-10% on average). In addition, Hitosara has been able to approach 19 times more users.
Hitorsara features posts about chefs, attracting more than 100 million page views (PV) and 20 million unique users per month. Approximately 80% of the website users are above 30 years of age, have been contributing with building the website contents and are mostly upper middle "foodies". Hitosara is recognized as a media platform with strong influence when it comes to people choosing restaurants. Hitosara differentiates itself from other gourmet websites by providing original information about the chefs, including pictures and recommendations from them such as seasonal and local food information.
The market for restaurant search services is highly competitive, and Hitosara has been working on measures such as a loyalty point system for members and push notifications via its app to improve engagement with users, particularly those who are highly aware of food trends.
The Product Manager of USEN Media explained the challenges before implementing AIQUA: "Although we have rich content only available on Hitosara, and which is written by experienced food writers, there was a lack of interest from website visitors and we were not maximizing our uniqueness. As the website visitors mainly use the website to make restaurant reservations, one of the challenges was to utilize content within the website that is related to the quality of the service. It was important to build continuous customer engagement by sharing our interesting articles with as many people as possible." While considering several options for improvement, the person in charge discovered AIQUA, a customer engagement platform that can help with audience analysis and segmentation using AI.
Appier explained the key main benefits that Hitosara can expect by implementing AIQUA:
The ability to use a combination of its own audience data, as well as Appier's third party data.
With AI, Hitosara can segment users precisely and develop campaigns promptly for every segment type.
The ability to re-engage with users who are visiting websites outside Hitosara.
In addition to creating marketing content based on data such as number of website visits and logins, with AIQUA, clients are also able to use other audience information provided by Appier, making it possible to extract information such as user interests and preferences even before they visit the website for the first time. Based on this information, marketers can distribute effective messages to the right device at the right time.
Hitosara officially implemented AIQUA in January 2019 and delivered web pushes approximately three times a week. By May, the PV for articles in Hitosara Magazine increased by a maximum of 65% and by 25% on average. In addition, the web push approach allowed Hitosara to reach non-registered users 19 times more of registered members.
Mr. Takafumi Nagasaki, manager of Product Marketing from USEN Media, commented: "The results achieved through AIQUA's push notifications were extremely high and we have achieved the same level of performance as SNS advertising for Hitosara Magazine. The web push is not based on delivered volume and cost-benefit is extremely high. I was quite surprised with the high level of ROI we managed to achieve"
Appier ensured tight collaboration with the campaign management team and content team of USEN Media and used rich content provided by USEN Media, including images and video which were appropriate for different seasons. This helped in approaching microsegments and supported Hitosara in rapidly building user engagement. This is an effective solution for targeting users in their 'consideration phase', when they visit Hitosara's website and make reservations after viewing the content or before they subscribe to the site.
"I was able to see the improvement on PV from the first day of implementing AIQUA. Through delivering content- our key strength- on hot restaurants and trending food we attracted foodies who appreciate unique dining experiences," said Mr. Nagasaki. "The implementation of the system and training took short amount of time, and I think the process for setting up message delivery to the appropriate target audience is very simple."
"It is also possible to set the message delivery time to be triggered automatically. We used this feature to send out thank you messages by web push after receiving a booking, and we saw astonishing results including a 36% increase in the open rate. I can see the significance of high precision audience segmentation and personalized messages thanks to AIQUA's AI. I am interested to see if it is possible to develop this same successful experience in other business area."
About AIQUA
AIQUA utilizes AI as well as its individual data to better understand the target audience and to create segmentation. It enables marketers to provide the most appropriate contents and offers for users who visit the website and keeps opportunity loss to a minimum. The hyper-personalized messages and offers can be delivered across multiple devices, improving users' Lifetime Value (LTV).
About USEN Media Co., Ltd.
USEN Media's mission is to connect restaurants and people, and in addition to Hitosara, an gourmet media platform where photos of the chef are shared, it has also built online platforms in different areas such as "SAVOR JAPAN", the gourmet website tailored towards foreigners visiting Japan; wedding media platform "Uekore"; Web Magazine "bangs" for finding stylists; and "Oishi Photo" , a photography service specifically for restaurants and cafes. USEN Media's operation is not limited to the web, as it has also been active in developing other forms of media such as books and events.
About Hitosara
Through highlighting information of the delicious "Sara" (dish) provided by "Hito" (chef), Hitosara engages a variety of food lovers as 'Japan's largest gourmet social media platform', providing information about more than 11,000 chefs, as well as recommendations from food connoisseurs and the chefs themselves including original content about seasonal ingredients, recent food trends, "restaurants recommended by chefs" and introducing new ways to enjoy dining.
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