Messrs. F. W. Oldham and John W. Herron for appellant.
This litigation has extended over many years, and the case as now presented will be best understood if a statement be made showing the proceedings in the circuit court and circuit court of appeals.
In its bill in this case the Chemical National Bank alleged that on the 2d day of March, 1887, it loaned to the Fidelity National Bank the sum of $300,000 which the latter bank promised to repay on demand with interest from the date of the loan, and at the same time delivered as collateral security therefor a certificate of deposit for the above amount together with sundry promissory notes.
This certificate is not subject to check, but must be presented to draw the money.
E. L. Harper has deposited in this bank three hundred thousand dollars ($300,000), payable to the order of himself on return of this certificate in current funds. $300,000.
It was alleged that the signature of Baldwin as cashier was used as the signature of the bank by its authority.
The bill then stated that on May 21st, 1887, the Chemical Bank at the request of the Fidelity Bank returned some of the notes delivered as collateral security, and received in substitution therefor other notes. The latter notes were described in a schedule attached to the bill, and it was alleged that the bank was still the owner and holder of them, except three executed by J. W. Wilshire for $25,000 each, which had been paid at maturity by John V. Lewis, the indorser thereof, the money so paid being held in lieu of the notes delivered as collateral security for the loan. [176 U.S. 618, 620] After setting forth the appointment on the 21st day of June, 1887, of Armstrong as receiver of the Fidelity Bank, as well as the subsequent proceedings by which on the 12th day of July, 1887, that corporation was dissolved, the bill alleged that the Fidelity Bank never repaid the loan nor any part thereof; that the Chemical Bank presented to the receiver proof of its claim, and requested him to submit it to the Comptroller of the Currency in order that a dividend might be paid to it from the assets of the bank equal in ratio to the dividends paid to other creditors, and that it might thereafter receive further dividends until its claim was paid; but that the Comptroller and the receiver had refused to allow it to be enrolled as a creditor.
The receiver, without explicitly responding to the allegations of the bill as to the making of the loan, said that he was unable to state whether or not the plaintiff loaned to the Fidelity Bank the sum of $300, 000. In an amended answer he specifically denied that the Chemical Bank loaned to the Fidelity Bank the sum named, or that any such loan was made by the former to the latter on the faith and credit of the alleged certificate of deposit, or that such certificate was executed and delivered by the cashier of the Fidelity Bank as its act and by its authority.
The answer averred that on the 2d day of March, 1887, and prior thereto, Harper was the vice president of the Fidelity Bank, and engaged in speculations in which he used its funds; that in the use of those funds he was assisted by Baldwin, but that such use was not known to the other directors of the bank, was not authorized by it, and was a fraudulent and illegal appropriation of its funds for the personal use of Harper; that a paper was signed by Baldwin, as cashier of the Fidelity Bank, which was believed to be the same paper alleged to be a certificate of deposit of the Fidelity Bank; that such certificate was not entered upon the books of the bank, nor taken from the book from which, if regular, it should have been taken; that its execution was unknown to the other officers of the bank, and was unauthorized by it; and that no consideration was received for it by the Fidelity Bank from Harper, or from any other person, nor was money deposited in the bank as the basis of the certificate.
Continuing, the defendant averred that the certificate of deposit and the promissory notes described in the bill were forwarded to the Chemical Bank by Harper, and the sum of [176 U.S. 618, 621] $300,000 was received by him from that bank; that he represented to the officers of the Fidelity Bank that the money was received from a loan made to him, and by his direction was credited on his personal account, and was thereupon drawn out and used for his individual purposes, and that the other officers of the bank had no knowledge that the facts were otherwise than as represented by him. It was also averred that a large portion of the promissory notes delivered as collateral security for the loan was the personal property of Harper in which the Fidelity Bank had no interest.
The answer, after reciting the fact of the payment by the indorser Lewis of the three notes made by Wilshire for $25,000 each, alleged that the fourth note of Wilshire for the same amount, also indorsed by Lewis, was not presented for payment by plaintiff at maturity, in consequence whereof that note was not paid and the indorser was discharged. It was also averred that the Chemical Bank credited the payment of the above three sums of $25,000 upon the alleged loan of $300,000, reporting the same to the defendant as payments on that account, and treated them in all respects as proper credits on such loan. Payment of certain other notes since the bringing of the action was also alleged to have been made to the Chemical Bank.
The defendant therefore claimed that the Fidelity Bank was not liable to the Chemical Bank for the amount of the loan, but if it were otherwise adjudged, the defendant asked that all payments made to the plaintiff upon the collateral paper forwarded by Harper as security for the loan should be credited thereon; that the above note of Wilshire, indorsed by Lewis, not having been paid in consequence of plaintiff's neglect to present the same for payment, should be also credited; that the balance of the collateral paper should first be exhausted and the proceeds credited; and that the plaintiff should be permitted to prove only the amount found due after such credits had been made.
To the answer as amended the plaintiff filed a general replication.
In deciding the case the circuit court, among other things, [176 U.S. 618, 622] said: 'Conceding that the transaction of $300,000 loan was fraudulent as between E. L. Harper and the Fidelity Bank, and that he appropriated the entire proceeds to his individual use, the claim of the Chemical Bank, which dealt in good faith in the transaction, and was innocent of any knowledge or participation in the fraud, is not affected thereby. The negotiation of the loan was within the authority of Harper as vice president of the Fidelity Bank, and if he used that authority fraudulently for his own advantage, the bank that enabled him to commit the fraud must suffer from the consequences, and not the bank that made the loan and advanced the money, under the representation and in the belief that it was conducting a fair, legitimate business transaction with the Fidelity Bank.' But the court held that all collections made prior to the filing of the claim upon the collaterals held by the Chemical Bank as security for the loan should be deducted therefrom. 50 Fed. Rep. 798, 802.
From this decision both parties appealed to the circuit court of appeals. That court reversed the decree, holding upon an extended review by Judge Taft of the adjudged cases that creditors of an insolvent national bank could not be required in proving their claims, to allow credit for any collections made after the declared insolvency of the bank from collateral securities held by them. 16 U. S. App. 465, 59 Fed. Rep. 372, 8 C. C. A. 155, 28 L. R. A. 231. $The Chemical Bank filed a petition for rehearing upon the ground that the court had erred in fixing the amount of interest to be allowed the bank on the dividends declared.
While that petition was under consideration by the circuit court of appeals, this court decided the case of Western Nat. Bank v. Armstrong, 152 U.S. 346 , 38 L. ed. 470, 14 Sup. Ct. Rep. 572, which related to a transaction between that bank and Harper. Thereupon the receiver filed a petition for rehearing, upon the question as to the validity of the loan involved in the present suit.
The above petitions for rehearing having been granted, the cause was again heard in the circuit court of appeals, and it was there decided that under the special facts disclosed by the evidence, and in view of the decision in Western Nat. Bank v. Armstrong, the parties should be allowed an opportunity [176 U.S. 618, 623] to introduce further evidence 'upon the issue whether the Fidelity Bank owes anything to the Chemical Bank by virtue of the loan.' The former order of the court was therefore modified, and the decree of the circuit court was reversed and the cause remanded, with leave to the parties to adduce such additional evidence. 31 U. S. App. 75, 83, 65 Fed. Rep. 573, 577, 13 C. C. A. 47, 28 L. R. A. 239.
The receiver appealed from this decree, and the circuit court of appeals affirmed the decree of the court below. The opinion of that court states fully the grounds upon which it held the case not to come within the rule announced in Western National Bank v. Armstrong. 54 U. S. App. 462, 83 Fed. Rep. 556, 27 C. C. A. 601.
From that decree the receiver has appealed to this court-the present appellant having succeeded Armstrong.
The principal contention of the appellant is that under the principles announced in Western National Bank v. Armstrong the Fidelity National Bank incurred no liability on account of the money obtained from the Chemical National Bank. But the appellee insists that the language of this court in that case, so far as it relates to the power of a national bank as incidental to its business to borrow money was much broader than was necessary for the determination of the issues then before the court, and, if interpreted as is done by the appellant, is in conflict with the adjudged cases, inconsistent with sound principle, and should be modified.
In the view we take of the present case it is not necessary to extend this opinion by a review of the numerous authorities which, it is contended, support the general proposition that a national bank is entitled under the law of its creation and in the conduct of its business to borrow money, and that the lender is not obliged to show that the officer or agent acting for the bank had special authority to negotiate the loan. If the present case depended upon that question it might be necessary to consider whether the language in Western Nat. Bank v. Armstrong required modification.
It may be well, however, to observe that this court, in Auten v. United States Nat. Bank, 174 U.S. 125, 141 , 143 S., 43 L. ed. 920, 926, 927, 19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 628, 635, held that the borrowing of money was not out of the usual course of banking business. We said: 'A power so useful cannot be said to be illegitimate, and declared as a matter of law to be out of the usual course of business, and to charge everybody connected with it with knowledge that it may be in excess of authority. It would seem, if doubtful at all, more like a question of fact, to be resolved in the particular case by the usage of the parties or the usage of communities.' It is important also to observe that the court said that Western Nat. Bank v. Armstrong was not to be regarded as an adjudication to the contrary.
We have then a case in which a national bank having used in its business money which its vice president obtained as a loan to it from another national bank denies all liability to [176 U.S. 618, 629] account for the same upon the ground that the loan was not negotiated by it or by its direction, as well as upon the ground that it could not itself have legally borrowed the money from the other bank. Do the statutes relating to national banking associations require that such a defense be sustained? This question is recognized by the court as one of great importance, and has received careful consideration in the light of the adjudged cases. We proceed to the examination of those cases.
In Merchants' Nat. Bank v. State Nat. Bank, 10 Wall. 604, 644, 19 L. ed. 1008, 1028, in which one of the questions was as to the liability of a bank on account of certain certificates issued by its cashier and of certain purchases of gold made by him, the court said that if the certificates and the gold actually went into the bank which the cashier assumed to represent, then the bank was liable for money had and received, whatever may have been the defect in the authority of the cashier to make the purchase.
The rule was illustrated in Louisiana v. Wood, 102 U.S. 294 , 26 L. ed. 153, which was an action against a municipal corporation to compel it to repay money received and paid into its treasury on account of bonds sold by it, but which it had issued without authority of law. This court held that the law implied from what was done a contract that the city would return the money paid to it by mistake. To the same effect is Chapman v. Douglas County, 107 U.S. 348, 355 , 27 S. L. ed. 378, 381, 2 Sup. Ct. Rep. 62 et seq.
Without further citation of cases we adjudge, both upon principle and authority, that as the money of the Chemical Bank was obtained under a loan negotiated by the vice president of the Fidelity Bank who assumed to represent it in the transaction, and as the Fidelity Bank used the money so obtained in its banking business and for its own benefit, the [176 U.S. 618, 636] latter bank, having enjoyed the fruits of the transaction, cannot avoid accountability to the New York bank, even if it were true, as contended, that the Fidelity Bank could not consistently with the law of its creation have itself borrowed the money. When, as the result of its arrangement with Harper as vice president, the Chemical Bank credited the Fidelity Bank on its books with the sum of $300,000 the former thereby undertook to pay the checks of the latter to the extent of that credit. And, as already stated, that credit was fully exhausted by the payment of the checks of the Fidelity Bank drawn in the ordinary course of its business. If the latter bank in this way used the money obtained from the Chemical Bank, it is under an implied obligation to pay it back or account for it to the New York bank. It cannot escape liability on the ground merely that it was not permitted by its charter to obtain money from another bank. Suppose the Fidelity Bank by its check upon the Chemical Bank had drawn the whole $300, 000 at one time, and now had the money in its possession unused? It would not be allowed to hold the money, even if it were without power under its charter to have borrowed it from the Chemical Bank for use in its business. Or suppose a national bank, in violation of the act of Congress, takes as security for a loan made by it a deed of trust of real estate, and subsequently causes the property to be sold and the proceeds applied in payment of its claim against the borrower, a surplus being left in its hands, which it uses in its business or in discharge of its obligations. If sued by the borrower for the amount of such surplus, could the bank successfully resist payment upon the ground that the statute forbade it to make a loan of money on real estate security? Common honesty requires this question to be answered in the negative. But it could not be so answered if it be true that the Fidelity Bank could use in its business and for its benefit money obtained by one of its officers from another bank under the pretense of a loan, and be discharged from liability therefor upon the ground that it could not itself have directly borrowed from the other bank the money so obtained and used. There is nothing in the acts of Congress authorizing or permitting a national bank toappropriate [176 U.S. 618, 637] and use the money or property of others for its benefit without liability for so doing. If the Fidelity Bank did not itself borrow this money from the Chemical Bank, although the latter bank in good faith believed that it did, then the crediting of the former on the books of the latter with $300, 000 was a mistake of which the Fidelity Bank was not entitled in equity and good conscience to take advantage, and from which it should not be permitted to derive profit to the prejudice of the other bank. So, if the Fidelity Bank took the benefit of that credit with knowledge of all the facts, then its defense is without excuse and immoral. If it innocently availed itself of that credit without knowledge of the facts, the principles of natural justice demand that it be held accountable for the money of another bank which it used in its business without giving any consideration therefor.
The fact that after the Fidelity Bank had been credited on the books of the Chemical Bank with the $300,000 Harper fraudulently caused himself to be credited on the books of the Fidelity Bank with a like sum, is a matter with which the Chemical Bank had no connection, and cannot affect its right to demand a return of the money which went (as the Chemical Bank in good faith supposed it would) into the treasury of the Fidelity Bank, and was by it used in meeting its current obligations. The dishonesty of Harper in his management of the affairs of the Fidelity Bank did not discharge that bank from the obligation under which it came by using in its business the money obtained by its vice president under the guise of a loan to the bank.
It is no defense to the claim of the Chemical Bank to say that the directors of the Fidelity Bank were unaware of the fraudulent acts of Harper. We do not rest our conclusion in the present case upon any question as to diligence or want of diligence upon the part of directors. We rest it upon the fact, and the implied obligation arising therefrom, that the Fidelity Bank used in its business and for its benefit the money which the Chemical Bank placed to its credit in consequence of a loan negotiated by Harper who assumed to represent it. [176 U.S. 618, 638] Independently, therefore, of any question as to the scope of the power of a national bank to borrow money to be used in its business, we hold that the Fidelity Bank became liable to the Chemical Bank by using the money obtained from the latter, under the arrangement made by Harper in his capacity as vice president; consequently, the decree recognizing the claim of the Chemical Bank for the amount of the loan of March, 1887, was right.
2. It is assigned for error that the collections from collaterals securing the alleged loan prior to the declaration of dividends by the receiver were not deducted from the amount of such loan in determining the sum upon which dividends should be paid to the Chemical Bank, and that the Chemical Bank was not required first to exhaust its collateral security and apply the proceeds on its claim before proving it against the receiver for dividends.
3. It is also insisted that the Chemical Bank should have been required to deduct from its claim the amount, principal and interest, of the note for $25,000 indorsed by J. V. Lewis, who, it is alleged, was released because of its failure to take the steps required by the rules of commercial law in order to charge him as indorser. Upon this point the circuit court of appeals, upon the first hearing of this case, said: 'Our conclusion upon this main question in the case makes it unnecessary for us to consider the other questions discussed by counsel, which were material only in view of the position taken by the court below on the issue just considered. If the Chemical Bank should receive from dividends and collections payment of debt, principal and interest, now owing to it by the Fidelity Bank, the question would arise whether it could not properly be charged with the note for $25,000 which, through negligence, it failed to collect. It is quite clear, however, that dividends declared and to be declared, together with all collections from collateral, including as such the note just referred to, will fall far short of paying the $300,000 and interest due the Chemical Bank on the original debt. The question suggested, therefore, does not arise on the facts of the case.' 16 U. S. App. 465, 539, 59 Fed. Rep. 372, 382, 8 C. C. A. 155, 165, 28 L. R. A. 231, 238. We concur in that view.
Having noticed all the questions that require consideration, the decree below is affirmed.


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Vayots Dzor (Armenian: Վայոց Ձոր, Armenian pronunciation: [vɑjˌɔt͡sʰ ˈd͡zɔɾ]), is a province of Armenia. It lies at the southeastern end of the country, bordering the Nakhichevan exclave of Azerbaijan form the west and the Shahumyan Region of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from the east. It covers an area of 2,308 km². With a population of only 53,230 (2002 census), it is the most sparsely populated province in the country. The capital and largest city of the province is the town of Yeghegnadzor.
The province is home to many ancient landmarks and tourist attractions in Armenia including the Areni-1 cave complex and Areni-1 winery of the Chalcolithic period, the 8th-century Tanadivank monastery, the 10th-century Smbataberd fortress, and the 13th-century Noravank monastery. Vayots Dzor is also home to the popular spa-town of Jermuk.
The village of Gladzor in Vayots Dzor was home to the 13th and 14th-century University of Gladzor.
Literally meaning "the valley of sorrows", it is named after the Vayots Dzor canton of the historic Syunik province of Ancient Armenia, ruled by the Siunia dynasty.
Vayk mountain range
Situated at the southeastern end of modern-day Armenia, Vayots Dzor covers an area of 2,308 km² (7.8% of total area of Armenia).. It is the most sparsely populated province in the country. It borders the Nakhichevanexclave of Azerbaijan form the west and the Shahumyan Region of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic from the east. Domestically, it is bordered by the Gegharkunik Province from the north, Ararat Province from the northwest and Syunik Province from the southeast.
Historically, the current territory of the province occupies most of the Vayots Dzor canton of the historic Syunikprovince of Ancient Armenia.
Arpa river
Vayots Dzor is mainly a mountainous region. It is mainly divided into 3 ranges: Vardenis mountain range at the north, Arpa range at the middle and Vayk range at the south. At a height of 3522 meters, the Vardenis volcano at the north is the highest point of the province, while the Areni valley, at a height of 850 meters, is the lowest point.
Vayots dzor is rich with rivers, mountains springs and mineral water. Arpa river has the most significant of them. It flows 92 km in the territory of Vayots Dzor. It originates in Vayots Dzor from the northwest hillside of Syunik plateau at a height of 3260 meters, and flows into the Araks river. It has lots of tributaries that form waterfalls such as the Jermuk Waterfall and the Herher waterfall.
Yeghegis river is the main tributary of Arpa. It flows into a picturesque valley that is protected by the government as a wildlife sanctuary.
Most of the rivers in Vayots Dzor are characterized with swift flow, deep fall and inclination. A huge project was fulfilled during the Soviet period, to transfer the water of Arpa river to Lake Sevan. Thus, an underground water tunnel was opened in 1981 that starts from the basin of Kechut reservoir to transfer the flow of Arpa river into lake Sevan.
Many small lakes are also found in the valley of Herher river.
The Areni-1 cave complex
Jermuk canyon and forest
Vayots Dzor was first mentioned in the Armenian history by Movses Khorenatsi. However, during archaeological excavations, many sites and objects were found in the region dating back to the Paleolithic Era and the Bronze Age. Many carvings on cliffs depicting scenes of hunting and animals were also found. As a result of the archaeological studies, historians assumed that the region has been settled since prehistoric times. The Areni-1 cave complex -including the 6100 year-old Areni-1 winery- discovered in the archaeological excavations conducted between 2007 and 2011, revealed that the region was settled during the 5th millennium BC (Late Chalcolithic Age). The winery consists of fermentation vats, a wine press, storage jars, pottery sherds, and is believed to be the earliest known winery in history.
Archaeologists had also found a 5500-year-old leather shoe.
As early as the 8th century BC, the area of modern-day Vayots Dzor was part of the Kingdom of Urartu. Later, it became part of theKingdom of Armenia forming the Vayots Dzor canton of the Syunik Province. Many significant churches, monastic complexes, bridges andcaravanserais were built between the 10th and 13th centuries, when Vayots Dzor was part of the Kingdom of Syunik under the rule of theSiunia dynasty.
In the Middle Ages, the Silk Road passed through the area of Vayots Dzor, particularly the road that currently links the town of Martuniwith Yeghegnadzor.
The period between the 15th and 17th centuries is considered to be the darkest period in the history of Vayots Dzor. The region became a frequent battlefield between the invading troops of the Turkic and Iranian tribes. As a result, many significant monuments and prosperous villages were destroyed and the population was displaced.
During the 1st half of the 19the century, Vayots Dzor became part of the Sharur-Daralagyoz uyezd of the Erivan Governorate of the Russian Empire.
Between 1918 and 1920 it was included in the short-lived Republic of Armenia. After the Sovietization of Armenia, Vayots Dzor became one of the regions that resisted against the Soviet rule becoming part of the unrecognized Republic of Mountainous Armenia under the leadership of Garegin Nzhdeh. However, after falling to the Bolsheviks in July 1921, Vayots Dzor was included within the Armenian SSR.
During the Soviet period, modern-day Vayots Dzor was divided into the raions of Yeghegnadzor and Azizbekov. After the independence of Armenia, the 2 raions were merged during the 1995 administrative reform to form the Vayots Dzor Province.
Malishka village
The population and density in Vayots Dzor is the least among the provinces of Armenia. According to the 2011 official census, Vayots Dzor has a population of 52,324 (25,740 men and 26,584 women), forming around 1.7% of the entire population of Armenia. The urban population is 18,449 (35.26%) and the rural is 33,875 (64.74%). The province has 3 urban and 41 rural communities. The largest urban community is the provincial centre of Yeghegnadzor, with a population of 7,944. The other urban centres of Vayk and Jermuk have a population of 5,877 and 4,628 respectively.
With a population of 4,460, the village of Malishka is the largest rural municipality of Vayots Dzor.
Ethnic groups and religion
Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God in Yeghegnadzor
The majority of the Vayots Dzor Province population are ethnic Armenians who belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. The regulating body of the church is the Diocese of Vayots Dzor, headed by Archbishop Abraham Mkrtchyan. The Holy Mother of God Cathedral (known also as Surp Sarkis) in Yeghegnadzor is the seat of the diocese.
A significant number of the population in Vayots Dzor have their ancestors migrated form the Iranian towns of Salmas and Khoy in 1829 and 1830.
The people of Vayots Dzor are mainly conservative. They largely celebrate the religious and traditional feasts, including Trndez andVardavar. The most popular celebration is the harvest festival, that is celebrated every year in Yeghegnadzor on the second Sunday of October. Locals from all villages take part in the parade on cars decorated with flowers, bringing their own crops, berries typical to their territories. Theatrical shows and concerts are being held during the festival.
The other popular celebration in the province is the Wine festival which is celebrated in October in the village of Areni.
In the villages of Vayots Dzor, traditional Armenian lavash and gata are still baked in traditional tandoors. popular dishes include sour banjar, kyalaglosh, shorva with ghavurma, rabbit kofta, portridge shorva, rosted quail and kid barbecue. People in Vayots Dzor are very hospitable and hardworking.
Hin Areni wine factory
Jermuk ropeway
The industry of Vayots Dzor contributes by 1% in the annual total industrial product of Armenia. Industry is mainly based on alcoholic beverages production, food-processing and dairy products. The discovery of the 6100 year-old Areni-1 winery has provided greater idea about the ancient tradition of wine-making in Armenia and particularly in the region of ancient Syunik. Vayots Dzor has a large number of wine producers (mainly producing under the category of "Areni wine"), including: "Areni" wine factory and "Hin Areni Vinyards" factory, both located in the village of Areni, "Vayk Group" company (produces wine, vodka and dried fruits) in Vayk, "Trinity Canyon Vineyards" company in the village of Aghavnadzor, "Zorah Wines" factory in the village of Rind, "Ginetas" wine factory in the village of Arpi, "Ginekar" wine factory in Aghavnadzor, "Getnatoun" wine factory in Yeghegnadzor, and "Arpa Alco" wine factory in Areni.
Yeghegnadzor has many plants for cheese and other dairy prodcuts. It is also home to a small plant for electrical devices manufacturing.
The town of Jermuk is famous for its mineral water production. The main water producers of Jermuk are the Jermuk Mineral Water Factory founded in 1951 and the Jermuk Group company founded in 1999.
The cultural heritage and the natural monuments of the region attract a large number of tourists. Jermuk and the surrounding forests are a major tourist attraction with many luxurious sanatoriums, spa resorts and its ropeway. It is considered the centre of medical tourism in Armenia.
Many areas of the province are listed as wildlife sanctuaries including the Herher Open Woodland Sanctuary, the Jermuk Forest Sanctuary, the Jermuk Hydrological Sanctuary, and the Yeghegnadzor Sanctuary.
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Banana Bread Puddin' has long been a staple of southern cooking and this e-juice by Country Clouds captures the flavor perfectly. The taste is rich with banana cream and a buttery vanilla crust.
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Home Tags Satellite imagery
Tag: satellite imagery
Was The Alleged Attack on Sudan Prelude to Iran?
David Eshel - Nov 1, 2012
A powerful explosion at the Yarmuk military factory rocked Sudan's capital before dawn, sending detonating ammunition flying through the air and causing panic, the...
Teledyne to Develop Space-Based Digital Imaging Capability
News Desk - Jun 14, 2012
Teledyne Technologies Incorporated (NYSE:TDY) announced today that its subsidiary, Teledyne Brown Engineering, Inc., in Huntsville, Ala., was awarded a Cooperative Agreement by the National...
Post strike Battle Damage Assessment – Lybia , April 2011
Tamir Eshel - Apr 19, 2011
Post strike Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) views taken after NATO attacks at the Libyan Air Force base at Miserata, prior to the rebels takeover...
NATO attacks at Misrata Airbase
NATO Strikes at Libyan Air Defense Sites
March 25 - April 19, 2011 As seen by satellite photos, The Libyan Airbase at Al Jufra remains dormant for years, as aircraft suc as...
Russian New Military Satellite Lost in Space
admin - Feb 1, 2011
The Russian military has lost contact with a satellite launched from the Plesetsk spaceport earlier today. According to state-owned Khrunichev, the satellite's launcher manufacturer,...
North Korean 'smoking gun' spotted: Rocket Launchers in Positions aimed at...
admin - Dec 1, 2010
North Korea fired scores of artillery rockets at the South Korean Yeonpyeong island on November 23, 2010, killing two soldiers. Two soldiers and two civilians were...
Israeli Satellite Images Locate North Korean 'smoking gun': Rocket Launchers in...
admin - Nov 24, 2010
North Korea Accelerates Nuclear Plans
Reveal Construction Of Light Water Reactor, Uranium Enrichment Facilities At Yongbyon The scope of the North Korean nuclear program is much larger than previously estimated...
Massive Construction Visible at Iran's Missile & Space Center at Semnan
Extensive infrastructure developments are evident in the following satellite imagery, obtained by the Israeli Eros-B satellite. The images are superimposed on an earlier image, available through...
Distributed Common Ground System (DCGS)
admin - Oct 11, 2007
The DCGS mission is to collect and process vast amounts of intelligence and imagery from manned and unmanned reconnaissance sources. The U.S. Air Force has...
EROS A Satellite Payload
admin - Jul 5, 2002
EROS provides an important insight into the Israeli space imaging capability. According to ElOp, the camera currently deployed on Eros A is operating at...


You are here: Home › ar › Moral › Story › True Stories › It Happened in Ramadan – True Story!!
It Happened in Ramadan – True Story!!
This happened to me when I was studying at the University in Ankara. I was staying with my eight friends in a flat. We used to be very close. So we were doing housework and everything together.
At the end of every month we had had little money to spend for eating. Therefore we had had little food.
It was a special day in İslam so all we were fasting. We were invited for diner by friends who were students like us had been staying in another flat.
We had wanted to cook dessert for them as a present. We had to wait for at least half an hour to cook it. My friend, named Hatice and I decided to wait for it. The other friends went out on time.
When we were ready to leave home the doorbell rang. The two friends who were our classmates had came to stay over night with us. We couldn't say "we would go out" because they were absolutely exhausted. We had to stay at home with them.
Then my friend Hatice and I went to the kitchen and looked at each other, asking "what can we do now?" because we didn't have anything to cook except onion, tea, bread etc.
During the same time the doorbell rang again. When I opened the door, I saw a man, called Süleyman Amca who was our neighbor, had been standing at the door with a big part of meat.
He said "I sacrificed a sheep and want to give you half of it" smiling at me.
It was really a surprise for us. I couldn't say to him anything for a while I just called my friend. Thereafter we said "thanksss…thanksss… Süleyman Amca".
Afterwards, we fried a part of it with onion. It was quite delicious.
So that's the my true story.
I really realized that God always helps everybody who do good.
This story was submitted by our Reader Aynur Eryiğit Bader.
34 Responses to It Happened in Ramadan – True Story!!
Masha'Allah! so moved by these true incidents of my muslim brethren. May Allah shower His unlimited bounties with strongest faith and tawakkul on all of us!
Really Allah is great. It is true that Allah help those who helps to other.
I realised in life that even gold has to go through fire to reach its most pure form. Alhamdulilah that we have an oppurtunity to go through a little heat in this world, may Allah save us from the major fire of the next life, Ameen.
Allah is every where and helps all muslims. Nice story. There are a lot of people like suleyman amca in Diyarbak?r.
Allah helps everyone Muslims, Non Muslims and even Athiest.
Thanks a lot Sarah. I like the stories you post because I learn from them.
Subhan Allah, Allah o Akbar, Allah o Akbar.
Allah never leave His followers, but we as followers loose faith on our Creator.
May Allah blessed all muslims, and strengthen our belief on Him.(amine).
This is mercy of ALLAH. One who believes on ALLAH never fails.
ALLAH TALA HAS MANY NAMES.ONE OF THEM IS "RAJE KUL IBAD."WHICH HE IS THE ONLY ONE WHO GIVES US RIZK (FOOD) N NO ONE ELSE.
Soubhana Allah!!! God is always by our side.
God is wonderful all the time,praise be unto HIM alone.
May Allah SWT continue 2 help us and accept our ibadats during and after dis Ramadan. Amin.
yes Sara Allah Almighty knows our intentions and He always helps the noble souls.


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US data centre REIT Digital Realty's $500m Africa gamble lands Nigeria acquisition and fuels wider expansion
Nigeria, Kenya, and Mozambique are set to bear Digital Realty's logo as the rush to expand into one of the most untouched data centre markets in the world gains pace.
October 25, 2021 | 10:12 PM BST
Digital Realty's CEO A. William Stein. Source: DLR
Colocation operator Digital Realty (NYSE: DLR) has further penetrated into the African continent becoming the US' first pure real estate investment trust (REIT) to be present on three countries beating rivals including Equinix (NASDAQ: EQIX), CyrusOne (NYSE: CONE), and CoreSite Realty (NYSE: COR).
The move has been carried out through the acquisition of Nigeria's colocation and interconnection provider Medallion Data Centres for US$29 million through a joint venture with the Pembani Remgro Infrastructure Fund.
Medallion operates two data centres, one in Lagos, the most populous urban metropolitan area in Africa with approximately 15 million people, and one in Abuja, the capital of Nigeria.
Medallion's Lagos data centre serves as a connectivity hub in Western Africa with over 70 carriers and internet service providers, over 80% of the public peering traffic on the Nigerian Internet Exchange, and a peering point for all subsea cables currently operating in Nigeria with plans to serve as a peering point for the nine new subsea cables scheduled to be in operation in Lagos by 2023.
As part of the transaction, the joint venture is also acquiring a land parcel adjacent to the Lagos data centre to provide near-term expansion capacity. Medallion's management team, led by CEO and co-founder Ike Nnamani, will continue to lead the business.
William Stein, Chief Executive Officer of Digital Realty, said: "Over the next decade, there will be huge opportunity for global businesses to tap into Africa's expanding internet economy – with predictions that it could reach 5.2% of the continent's GDP by 2025, contributing nearly $180 billion to its economy (up from $115 billion in 2020).
"By 2050, the internet economy has the potential to contribute $712 billion. Through major investment in the continent's internet infrastructure, Digital Realty aims to be a core enabler of these economic and quality of life gains."
He continued adding that there is a huge opportunity to both meet growing customer demand for connectivity in Africa and improve the internet infrastructure that serves over one billion people who do not yet have proper access to the benefits of internet.
"The expansion of our platform announced today is a leap forward but it is just the start of our $500 million commitment to investment in the continent over the next decade," Stein said. "We see a huge opportunity to underpin Africa's expanding internet economy and play a central role in its growth."
Exclusive: Details of Massachusetts' next $3bn mega data centre as project edges closer to state approval
A US$2.5-3 billion, 274MW hyperscale data centre development is being fast-tracked to the State of …
With a population of over 200 million, Nigeria is Africa's most populous country and the seventh most populous in the world.
Its GDP is the largest in Africa and was the 26th largest globally in 2019. With a large and young population, a growing and diversifying economy as well as a maturing regulatory environment, Nigeria has experienced strong economic growth in recent years.
The JV between Digital Realty, which today manages 291 facilities in 47 metros across 24 countries on six continents, and Pembani Remgro Infrastructure Fund, a joint initiative established by Remgro, Phuthuma Nhleko and the investment team, based in Johannesburg, South Africa, is not new.
The two brands have since 2019 partnered with Kenyan data centre operator iColo which has today also announced that it will enter Mozambique through the development of its first data centre in the country, located in the capital and port city of Maputo.
The iColo campus in Mombasa was recently expanded to deliver an additional 1.6 megawatts of power and 12,900 square feet of capacity for new and existing customers, along with the new subsea cable landing equipment.
In addition, iColo has expanded its Nairobi campus with the acquisition of an additional 215,000 square feet of land that will support 14 megawatts of future data centre capacity.
Rahiel Nasir, Research Analyst at 451 Research, part of S&P Global Market Intelligence, said: "With its youthful population, Africa has seen the rise of a tech-savvy generation that is fuelling ever-greater demand for digital services.
"This is being boosted by the expansion of fibre networks, terrestrial and subsea connections that continue to connect major metro areas. Data centres play a vital role in the communications infrastructure landscape. Without them, further digital development across the continent risks hitting a roadblock, especially for enterprises seeking colocation and cloud services as part of their digital transformations.
"According to our latest forecasts, overall multi-tenant data centre capacity in the Middle East and Africa will see a compound annual growth rate of 10% from 2020 to 2023. We estimate that net operational floorspace will increase from 5.4 million to 7.2 million square feet during the forecast period, with net UPS power rising from around 733 megawatts to almost 900 megawatts."
Digital Realty is set to release its financial results for the third quarter of 2021 after the market closes on Tuesday, October 26, 2021.
Digital Realty
iColo
Medallion Data Centres
Pembani Remgro Infrastructure Fund
William Stein
Digital Realty CTO explains new interconnection data centre infrastructure
Last March, Digital Realty (NYSE: DLR) outlined a new manifesto for interconnecting global communit...
Digital Realty confirms intention to explore Singapore REIT IPO
Digital Realty (NYSE: DLR) has confirmed its intention to explore the listing of a new real estate ...
Digital Realty, Brookfield join to launch India data centre venture
In a market showdown, data centre operator Digital Realty (NYSE: DLR) and infrastructure asset mana...


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LIVE ON TOUR HONG KONG
26 September 2019 Hong Kong
Date/Time26 September 2019, 8:00PM
VenueHong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hall 5BC
Public Sale DatePublic sale: 10 May, 10:00AM
Lushington pre-sale: 9 May, 10:00AM to 11:59PM
TicketsSeated HK$588, $688, $888, $1,188
Tickets available via www.hkticketing.com, hotline +852 31 288 288
Lushington Entertainments is proud to announce multi award-winning film composer, Hans Zimmer will perform his most iconic movie scores live in Hong Kong for the very first time, on 26 September 2019 (Thursday) at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre, Hall 5BC.
Tickets from HK$588 will be on public sale from 10 May 2019 (Friday), 10am via www.hkticketing.com, hotline +852 31 288 288, HK Ticketing's box offices located at HKCEC, HKAPA, HKAPA Béthanie Landmark Heritage Campus, AsiaWorld-Expo, KITEC, DŸPark and K11 Select, as well as Tom Lee Music Stores.
Lushington mailing list subscribers will be able to purchase pre-sale tickets on 9 May 2019 (Thursday), 10:00am to 11:59pm via online bookings only. To receive pre-sale code, subscribe to our mailing list at www.lushington.com/subscribe by 8 May, 4:00pm. Pre-Sale Code will be emailed to all subscribers on 8 May, 5:00pm onwards.
German-born composer Hans Zimmer is recognised as one of Hollywood's most innovative musical talents. He has scored more than 150 projects across all mediums which combined, have grossed more than 28 billion dollars at the worldwide box office.
Hans Zimmer's interest in music began early when he moved to the UK and met established film composer Stanley Myers where they collaborated on films such as My Beautiful Laundrette. In 1988, Hans' solo work for Rain Man earned him his first Academy Award® Nomination for Best Original Score.
Hans Zimmer has been honoured with an Academy Award®, two Golden Globes®, three Grammys®, an American Music Award and a Tony® Award. His most recent Academy Award® nomination for Interstellar marks his 10th career Oscar nomination. In 2003, ASCAP presented him with the prestigious Henry Mancini Award for Lifetime Achievement for his impressive and influential body of work. He also received his Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010. In 2014, Hans was honoured with the Zurich Film Festival Lifetime Achievement Award.
'Hans Zimmer Live On Tour' will be a visual spectacular where fans will journey through an orchestrated musical set presented by a live symphony orchestra and featuring the soundtracks of blockbuster productions including The Lion King, Gladiator, Pirates of the Caribbean, The Dark Knight trilogy, Inception and Interstellar.
Follow the tour:
Website http://www.hanszimmerlive.com/
Facebook / Instagram / Twitter @hanszimmerlive #HansZimmerLive
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Turn right on Old Father Rd.
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Go one block past Old Father and turn Left on Camino Martin.


Your gingerbread cutout won't run away with a magnet on it's back! All year around, it'll hold up your art, coupons, or other items on the fridge.
Do you enjoy making gingerbread cookies? This gingerbread magnet won't get stale or crumble—and it's useful! Here's how we made our magnet.
Roll & cut. Mix colors from Crayola Washable Gel Markers into white Crayola Model Magic® to make a gingerbread hue. Roll the modeling compound flat. Cut out your gingerbread figure with a cookie cutter. Or cut out your own design with Crayola Scissors.
Decorate. Form little balls for buttons. Mix two colors of Model Magic together just a little to create a marbleized look. Press the balls on the cutout. Model Magic that's fresh from the pack sticks to itself. Roll decorative "snakes" and press them on. Air-dry overnight.
Add sparkles! Attach magnet tape to the back with Crayola School Glue. With Crayola Glitter Glue, add sparkling highlights to your magnet. Air-dry the glue before you decorate your refrigerator.


A visit to the San Siro on a match day provides countless lasting memories to take away – and some of them have nothing to do with the quality of the action on the pitch. Chief among them is the frenzied atmosphere that can be found at many stadiums across Serie A. From flags and flares to songs and celebrations, everything is done with passion. Given the fanatical home support, it is easy to see where Paolo Maldini, Alessandro Nesta and company found that extra motivation to chase domestic and, in particular, European silverware year after year.
Nesta has since left AC Milan behind – but he is finding a little piece of Serie A in Montreal, where the Impact have attracted rabid home crowds and are on the path to recreating a version of the San Siro magic. Saputo Stadium holds just over 20,000, a far cry from the San Siro's capacity of more than 80,000, but the club's Ultras are giving Nesta, Marco Di Vaio and Matteo Ferrari a taste of home.
Congregated behind the goal that the Impact typically defend in the first half, the Ultras are considered the true diehard supporters; always in full voice with banners and flags aplenty. They lead the chorus of chants and, in a recent game against Columbus Crew, even caused a stoppage due to the quantity of paper streamers that ended up in the Crew's goalmouth. For 45 minutes, their mission is to do everything possible to unsettle the opposition goalkeeper and defence. It is no coincidence that the Impact have produced some of their finest moments when attacking that end of the stadium.
As for the 2013 season, so far, so good. The Impact have made a fine start to the new MLS campaign, benefitting from full pre-seasons in Montreal for Nesta and Di Vaio (both of whom arrived at different stages during last season). Under new boss Marco Schallibaum, who previously played and coached in his home country of Switzerland, they recorded four wins from their first five games, including eye-catching victories in Seattle and at home to New York, and have established themselves as legitimate contenders for the MLS Cup in November.
President Joey Saputo admitted that the club have always wanted a multi-lingual European at the helm, which makes sense given the number of players with a background in Italy or France, for instance. Schallibaum appears to be an ideal fit, given his linguistic skill set (French, English, Italian, German) and eagerness to entertain the fans with a winning style of play. "As a coach I like to attack – to go after victories", the former Swiss international explained. "It is better to have the ball than to chase after it. My style is more offence than defence."
Montreal, a city where ice hockey has long been the only sport that matters, is gradually embracing the Impact – and "soccer" as a whole. With a large European presence, including more than 250,000 inhabitants of Italian descent, it was previously typically the World Cup or European Championship that stirred mass enthusiasm, flags, banners and so on.
But the Impact's rise into the MLS and the club's success in attracting marquee names have brought supporters flocking, with reports suggesting that roughly 50% of the club's fans are aged between 18 and 35. It is easy to forget that this is just Montreal's second season in the MLS whereas Toronto FC, who are yet to reach the post-season, are in year seven and are currently in a rebuilding phase.
The 2013 campaign is still in its infancy but Montreal are unquestionably among the contenders, with a solid spine that flows from Nesta to underrated midfielder Patrice Bernier to captain Davy Arnaud and Di Vaio in attack. Securing a high playoff seeding will be the focus, ensuring that the Impact earn second legs at home rather than on the road. With the Ultras rocking one end of the stadium, that could count as a major advantage.
While Di Vaio has hinted at extending his contract beyond the end of 2013, this is expected to be Nesta's final year in the MLS. With the Impact blossoming and the Ultras providing a Serie A flavour, the legendary defender has a chance to bow out with yet more silverware.


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Sennheiser PMX 685i Sports review
Style won't be for everyone, but the sound will Tested at £45
By What Hi-Fi? 24 February 2015
Style won't be for everyone, but the sound will
Rich, weighty sound
Deep bass
Punchy, rhythmic
Can be uncomfortable for prolonged use
Illogical mic layout
What better way to sell sports headphones than to team-up with one of the biggest global sportswear brands?
That's what Sennheiser has done; in collaboration with Adidas, it's produced a five-strong sports in-ear range, with these 'middle child' PMX 685i Sports, the pricier of its two neckband-style models.
The band won't be ideal for all exercise – it might get in the way during floor work, gym-goers – but otherwise, does the job it's cut out for: keeping the buds stable and secure on your head. It's conveniently light and flexible for a universal fit, and the old-school plastic buds spring into your ears with little encouragement.
The Sennheisers are comfortable for the most part, though we found the buds' minimal rubber coating a little hard on the ears an hour into a workout. Not everyone will be convinced that they look their price: the plastic frame is rather plain and embellishment doesn't go beyond a tiny Adidas logo (they're certainly a far cry from reflecting their original £60 price tag).
Yet, we don't mind when the performance is so good. It's hard to pick holes in their sound; a rich, weighty presentation is rare at this price, but the Sennheisers pull it off.
Play Kanye West's Stronger and the robotic vocals bear a solidity that's unmatched among its rivals. There's plenty of low-end brunt to hand as the bass-line thumps through with depth and drive.
Detailed and precise, too, the synth-laden effects come in right on cue behind the vocals, the Sennheisers getting right under the track's subtleties. And if you use music for motivation, their punch, pace and energy will see you through the toughest training session.
The downside? You may find that a lot of head movement causes the sound to change slightly as the buds shift around in your ears.
The single-sided 1.2m cable is practical for not getting caught up in wires, but less so is the layout of the 3-button in-line remote: the buttons are squashed closely together, so it's hard to differentiate between them without looking – once mounted, the remote is too close to your ear to see the buttons. Puzzling.
You're best learning the functions (the main ones being press the middle-button once to play/pause, twice to skip forward a track, thrice to go back) before use. You can also fast-forward and rewind through a song, and achieve simple call operations.
The shiny plastic Adidas-branded velcro-bag (much like the drawstring sports bags of the 90s) is a useful bonus for keeping them protected between training sessions.
Picture your gym routine. If it involves a lot of floor work, perhaps look elsewhere. Otherwise, these great-sounding headphones make a great fitness buddy.
MORE: 5 of the best headphones for sports


The specialist brand and marketing agency welcomes new Sydney offices and expands their services to encompass a wide range of unique facilities.
The Gaswerx, Australia's only boutique brand and marketing agency for doctors and specialist practitioners, is on the move to new contemporary premises in Chatswood, with a purpose-built photography studio and workshop space.
The agency is also expanding its business horizons with the decision to partner with printing giant Clark Murphy Print. This venture signals a unique business opportunity for both The Gaswerx and its new partner, but also allows The Gaswerx to provide their customers with additional service opportunities and on-demand printing.
The Gaswerx's core value is their ability to develop, manage and implement ongoing successful return-on-marketing investment strategies for their clients.
Today it's critical for doctors, medical specialists, hospitals and private practices to develop and build their brand or online persona if they want to maintain ongoing success and exposure in the aesthetic medical environment.
The Gaswerx understands the challenges doctors face with their branding and marketing, particularly in this highly complex and competitive space.
Business goals and unique objectives are tailored and translated into effective, revenue-generating brand strategies and marketing messages that are clear, succinct and project credibility.
"Each and every marketing initiative we create for our doctors is purposeful to create customer loyalty, which translates into revenue-generating opportunities," says Nutman.
The Gaswerx's new offices include a purpose-built photography studio to offer doctors, staff, model (actual patients used for credible branding) and product photography. Together with photography specialist and trainer Matt Kemp, the studio also runs clinical photography workshops for doctors and their staff, taking the guesswork out of before and after imaging and also equipping staff with tips and tools to capture and use images for social media.
The new offices will also be used as training facilities for a number of new medical technologies being launched in Australia, as well as for new and existing client Brand Workshops.
It's not unusual that doctors may be reluctant to promote themselves and their strengths, but being up to date with the ever-changing nature of social media is crucial in order to grow a practice and reputation. The Gaswerx offers a social media strategy, which they develop, manage and implement for clients.


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Rettigny (luxembourgeois : Retterich, allemand : Retten, wallon : Retny) est un hameau de la commune belge de Gouvy située dans la province de Luxembourg. Il fait partie de la section de Cherain.

Transport
Le hameau est traversé par 3 lignes de bus : la ligne 14/7 Houffalize-Courtil-Gouvy-Schmiede, la ligne 18/2 Hallonru-Cherain, la ligne 18/3 Houffalize-Vielsalm.

Géographie

Le village se situe au sud-est du village de Cherain.

Son altitude est assez basse et c'est le village le plus bas de la commune avec seulement 370 à  d'altitude.

Histoire

Notes et références

Hameau ou lieu-dit dans la province de Luxembourg
Gouvy

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R/V Atlantis II, (WHOI, 1963-1996), 1963-1989. Legacy Data Collection, . Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Data Library and Archives. http://archives.mblwhoilibrary.org:8081/repositories/2/archival_objects/59690 Accessed April 19, 2019.


Home :: Store News :: New Products Alert!
1-1.5m fans fading to complete white!
We always have fading color fans but they are only fading to very light color, not completely white.
These new fading to white fans are requested by many customers so we include the in our stock!
The children veils will be ready in middle February.
Length: 1.8m, 2.1m and 2.3m.
Colors: mainly the same colors as the veils we have now.


The physical aspects of opioid dependency improve after detox. But psychological addiction, temptation, and craving can last for years, even a lifetime. The truth is, most people will relapse on their way to full recovery from prescription drug addiction.
Understanding the deep connections between stress and drug addiction is essential to drug abuse recovery. People who experienced stress, such as child abuse, early in life are more likely to become addicted to drugs. Stressful mental health conditions like depression and anxiety also increase the risk for opioid addiction. People with a prescription drug addiction often say stress was a reason they began abusing pain pills.
Making the situation worse, opioid addiction itself causes lasting changes in the parts of the brain that deal with stress. People with opioid addiction have a persistent overactive response to stress, even years after completing detox.
Stress is a major stimulus for drug craving, according to people with opioid addiction. Not surprisingly, life stress is one of the main reasons people give for relapsing into prescription drug abuse. For all these reasons, learning methods to better cope with stress are an essential part of drug abuse recovery.
One of the primary causes of relapse in pain pill addiction is an inability to develop intimate relationships. It's almost impossible to recover from prescription drug addiction alone.
Rebuilding close connections with family and friends is essential to successful drug abuse recovery. This often requires the addicted person to recognize and make amends for the damage caused by past behavior.
At the same time, the addicted person's family will be going through its own recovery process. Re-establishing trust and mutual respect can take months or even years. Nothing can replace the healing properties of time spent together with loved ones.
Experts believe group therapy is superior to individual therapy for people recovering from prescription drug abuse. The group setting allows peers to both support and challenge each other, and creates a sense of shared community.
Narcotics Anonymous (NA) is an international network of community-based meetings for those recovering from drug addiction. Modeled after Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), NA is an abstinence-based 12-step program with a defined process for overcoming addiction. More than 58,000 NA meetings take place every week worldwide.
Methadone Anonymous is a similar 12-step program that acknowledges the value of maintenance therapy with methadone or Suboxone (buprenorphine/naloxone) for recovery.
Family members often have their own emotional problems that come from coping with their loved one's addiction. They can often benefit from attending their own support group, sharing their stories and experiences with other families. Nar-Anon, an offshoot of Narcotics Anonymous, is the most well-known.
Drug addiction takes a toll on the body, along with the mind and soul. Exercise hasn't been studied for drug abuse recovery. However, exercise releases natural endorphins, feel-good chemicals that relax the brain and body and reduce stress.
Besides improving overall health, exercise improves mood and builds self-esteem, key areas in drug abuse recovery. Thirty minutes of daily physical activity, like brisk walking, will bring overall health benefits. Exercising with a group will also enhance interpersonal relationships and help develop connections outside the world of addiction.
The central principle of all forms of meditation is to focus attention on the present moment, the "now." Some experts believe addictions result in part from an attempt to escape psychological pain. Meditation can help an addict face painful feelings and understand how these feelings contribute to craving. This can potentially help the person discover healthy ways of coping with bad feelings, without using drugs.
Many people in drug abuse recovery say their spirituality is important in staying clean and sober. Attending religious services, regular community service, and daily prayer are examples of activities that have helped many who believe a higher power is essential to their continued recovery. Reaching out to a local church ministry, or contacting the United Way in your area, can get you started.
The Meditation Spot: "Meditation for Addiction Recovery."
Social Work Today: "Meditation -- The Less Traveled Road to Recovery."
Cleck, J.N. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2008.
University of Pennsylvania Health System: "Addiction and the Family."
Harvard Mental Health Letter: "Treating opiate addiction, part II: Alternatives to maintenance," January 2005.


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Source: "World reference atlas"
Federalism is a system of government where political powers are shared between the federating units – the national and state governments. This definition would be familiar if you took social studies and civic education classes. Unlike a system of government where powers are concentrated in the center like the People's Republic of China, or a situation where powers are focused on the states with the centre being weak like the now defunct Senegambia confederacy, federalism ensures that each federating unit has powers that are entrenched in the constitution and cannot be withheld unilaterally. While many countries call their form of government federalism, actual federalism shares peculiar characteristics.
Written Constitution. The written constitution subsumes the power-sharing formula between the state and other federating units. With a written constitution, changes can only be made to the constitution with debates and rigorous reading. For instance, in Nigeria, for a law to be changed or made, four-fifths of the Nigeria national assembly must vote in favour; following the approval by the national assembly, the change or regulation must be approved by 23 house of assemblies. This system ensures that all tribes in the country are well-represented in the country's law-making process.
Devolution of Powers: There is only federalism with genuine devolution of powers. Devolution of powers is when the central government delegates authorities to the sub-nationals to make relevant to their territories. Unlike the unitary system of government, where controls are devolved with conventions, the devolution of powers in federalism is backed by the law. Devolution of powers is essential in federalism as it helps to dampen regional, ethnic, and cultural divides in a federal government.
Independent Judiciary: True federalism empowers a potent and robust judiciary. A strong bench ensures the laws are well interpreted no matter whose ox is gored. Moreover, in cases where the separation of powers between the federal government and the states needs to be appropriately delineated or explicit, which might lead to disputes, the judiciary helps settles these disputes.
With Nigeria's linguistic, cultural, language, and ethnic diversity, it became clear that federalism might be the answer to Nigeria's fragmented unity, hence, its adoption. In the case of Nigeria, the federating units are only autonomous on paper, that is, in the constitution. In reality, the Nigerian state operates what can be termed quasi-federalism, a form of state between the unitary system and the federal system. It combines the characteristics of a federal system of government and a unitary system of government. As a result, Nigeria has a federal structure with a heavy bias to the centre.
The debates and controversies surrounding federalism in Nigeria are not new. In 1957, the Willink Commission was formed; the commission was constituted to look into the disagreement on the creation of states and the elimination of ethnic domination. Sixty-six years later, these fears and issues persist. Since the country's return to democracy in 1999, there have been increased calls for restructuring and amending the constitution of the country. These calls and agitations are borne out of feelings of marginalization among various ethnic groups, a situation advocates and policymakers said will be doused with the implementation of genuine federalism – federalism where the federating units get more powers, most especially on resource revenue and distribution.
In Nigeria, the division of powers is contained in the legislative lists, which are divided into 3 – the exclusive lists, the concurrent list, and the residual list. The exclusive list is reserved ONLY for the federal government, containing 68 items. The items include mines and minerals, railways, police, national parks, etc. The concurrent list includes items that the federal and state governments can legislate on, such as tax collection, revenue allocation, scientific and technological research, etc. Finally, powers not listed in the constitution are under the residual list.
With the delineation of powers, conflicts and issues continue to arise regarding the autonomy of the tiers of government. In 2003, the Supreme Court had to decide whether the National Assembly had the authority to pass laws governing national urban and regional planning. Local Government administrators continue to complain about the overbearing attitudes of the state governors. Other areas of conflict between the federation and states include minimum wage matters, the Nigeria Police Force, and revenue sharing – under the current sharing formula, the FG takes 52.68% of the revenue, states get 26.72%, and the local governments get 20.60%.
Advocates and pressure groups continue to claim that the central government arrogates too much power to itself, giving the other federating units less control. Of the 68 items on the exclusive legislative list, there are calls for some of the items to be devolved to the state government; furthermore, the federal government still has veto power over state governments under the concurrent legislative list. In light of this, it is argued that constitutional amendments are necessary. Civil societies in Nigeria, like the YMonitor, call for increased devolution of powers, whereby more public programs under the federal government are transferred to the state and local governments.
Adedapo Salmon


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Q: Loop for adding value to last n values in list I have a list where I would like to +1 to all the values after n in a loop, where n is a row index. I want to repeat this multiple times to achieve the following:
original_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
multiples = [3,6] #i.e. index 2 & 5

for i in multiples:
    Do Something to +1...

final_list = [1,2,4,5,6,8,9]

Slicing lists within loops doesn't seem that clear to me, does anyone know how to think about solving this?

A: original_list = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7])
multiples = np.array([3,6])

cs = np.zeros_like(original_list)
multiples = np.array(multiples) - 1 # since you are not using 0-index
cs[multiples] = 1
original_list + cs.cumsum()

Output:
array([1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9])

A: You don't need to do any fancy list slicing actually. You can accomplish this with an additional index, j, that goes from i + 1 (after n) to the len of the original_list.
original_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
multiples = [3,6]

for i in multiples:
    for j in range(i+1, len(original_list)): # i+1 if you count from 0, i-1 if you count from 1
        original_list[j] += 1

>>> original_list
    [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8] or [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9] (with i-1)

If you are counting from 1 (instead of 0), then change i+1 to i-1 and your original_list becomes [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9].

A: original_list = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7])
final_list = np.array(original_list, copy=True)
multiples = [3,6]

for i in multiples:
    final_list[i-1:] = final_list[i-1:] + 1

When wanting the following output
 final_list = [1,2,4,5,6,8,9]

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text:
Ethiopian journalist wins award for Tigray reporting
Ethiopian journalist Solan Kolli on Tuesday won the Rory Peck prize for his coverage of the devastating conflict in the Tigray region of his home country.
The 32 year old Freelancer, won in the news category for a report commissioned by AFP on massacres of civilians.
In a video recording, Solan said the award has come to him as a surprise bearing in mind other journalists in the category has performed well in the year under review.
"I feel so proud to have received such a prestigious award. I didn't expect it because both of the finalists have also done fantastic stories. This awards means a lot to me, because it is a testament that my efforts have succeeded in shining a light in the middle of information blackouts and making the voice of Ethiopia war victims heard across borders, knocking on many doors and touching many hearts."
Kolli, who has been covering Ethiopia with video reports for seven years, was the first to show images of the mass graves at Mai-Kadra, where hundreds of civilians were massacred a year ago.
"His work was bold and brave with understated interviews, which put this very-hard-to-reach conflict in the spotlight," said the judges
"This was a truly underreported conflict," said the judges granting the award.
Kolli's work "gave context and addressed the political realities on the ground," they added.
He also carried the first interviews with the civilians at Humera, who were targeted by army artillery fire, AFP said in a statement marking the award.
"This awards means a lot to me, because it is a testament that my efforts have succeeded in shining a light in the middle of information blackouts and making the voice of Ethiopia war victims heard across borders, knocking on many doors and touching many hearts," said Kolli.
He dedicated the prize to victims of war around the world, "in particular those brave children, women and men in northern Ethiopia whose pain and suffering are featured in my news stories".
This is the fifth time since 2014 that a journalist working for AFP has won the Rory Peck prize, launched in 1995 to give freelance video journalists greater recognition. The award is in memory of Rory Peck, a video journalist killed in Moscow in 1993.
AFP was one of the first independent news media in Tigray after the conflict started in November 2020, when the Ethiopian government sent troops to topple the TPLF, the regional ruling party.
Solan was not the only journalist who was honored on the night for his outstanding reportage.
29 year old journalist, Riana Raymonde Randrianarisoa also won the Martin Adler Prize.
She expressed her appreciation to the organisers of the event. **I want to thank also the organisation, The Global Initiative (against Transnational Organised Crime, ed), who suggested my work, my name for this award. **
Ethiopia's PM Abiy Ahmed vows to lead troops in war against rebels
Senegalese journalists stage sit-in protest to mark World Press Freedom day
Senegalese journalists allege increasing intimidation over Ousmane Sonko
New claims of ethnic clashes in central Ethiopia
Eritrean troops seen leaving Ethiopia's Tigray - reports
Head of Ethiopia's Supreme Court resigns
Tigray Region
Sudan is "in agreement" with Ethiopia over its Blue Nile dam
Cameroon journalists urge investigation after death of colleague
Missing Cameroon journalist Martinez Zogo found dead
Unique celebration of Epiphany with water, colour and prayer in Ethiopia
Morocco: 2 French journalists prosecuted for "blackmail" against the king
CHAN: Algeria to face Ethiopia in a must-win Group A match on Tuesday


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Q: SharePoint search refinements filters PnP-JS-Core 2.0.7 How can I add multiple refinements filters to Sharepoint search, using PnP-JS-Core 2.0.7
Thanks

A: You can specify it as below:
$pnp.sp.search({
    Querytext: "Documents",
    RowLimit: 10,
    RefinementFilters : ["and(Author:Gautam,fileExtension:equals('docx'))"]
}).then(function(data){
    console.log(data.PrimarySearchResults);
});


What is an Aura Migraine?
An aura migraine, which is also called an ocular migraine, is a type of migraine headache that includes visual disturbances, such as shimmers of light, blind spots, flashes or wavy lines in your field of vision. Aura migraines can coincide with the discomfort of a traditional migraine, or they can develop completely separately. Thus, you may experience migraines with auras without having pain. Instead, you may only experience symptoms that affect your senses. The aura of an aura migraine will likely last less than an hour, but other symptoms of the condition may persist much longer.
Aura migraines may be uncomfortable, but they can usually be treated effectively by taking medication and avoiding triggers.
What Can Trigger an Aura Migraine?
Certain Foods – Specific foods can sometimes trigger migraines with auras. Your doctor can help you identify the foods to which you have an unusual sensitivity.
Bright Light – Like other types of migraines, aura migraines are sometimes triggered by exposure to bright light. The light can be natural or artificial.
Strong Odors or Fragrances – Intense odors can trigger aura migraines, even if the smells are not unpleasant.
Changes in the Weather – As the weather transitions seasonally, you may notice an increase in the number of aura migraines that you experience.
Loud Noises – Many people with aura migraines are sensitive to loud sounds.
Caffeine – Too much caffeine, as well as a sudden drop in caffeine intake, can trigger an aura migraine.
Hormonal Issues– Changes in hormones, such as estrogen, can trigger an episode.
Stress – Periods of stress or anxiety can cause the migraine symptoms to start.
Family History – If other members of your family suffer from migraines, you may be more likely to experience migraines with auras.
Food Additives – Chemical additives, such as artificial sweeteners, MSG and nitrates, may also trigger an aura migraine.
About 37 million people suffer from chronic migraines. Of those, about a third have migraines with auras.
Most people with aura migraines experience mental fog, so during an episode, you may find it difficult to concentrate or find the right words as you speak. In addition, you may feel tingly, numbing sensations throughout your face, tongue and hands. The feeling may be similar to the tingly sensation that can result from poor blood circulation.
Also, within your vision, there may be blind spots and flashes of light. These visual disturbances can make it difficult to drive or be fully aware of what is going on around you. Your ability to taste, smell or palpate something in the normal manner may also be disrupted. You may even experience hallucinations. Weakness is also common during migraines with auras.
If you are suffering Aura Migraines, schedule your consultation today!


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