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arjun daggubati wikipedia
Razak, sensing that Ghazi could be walking into a trap, diverts the ship's path and starts attacking S21. The film is narrated by Chiranjeevi. [5][6] The film written and directed by Gunasekhar features Anushka Shetty in a titular role as Rudramadevi,[7] alongside an ensemble cast of Allu Arjun, Rana Daggubati, Krishnam Raju, Prakash Raj, Suman, Nithya Menen, Adithya, and Catherine Tresa. The film's soundtrack and background score were composed by Ilaiyaraaja. At her coronation, she befriends Chalukya Veerabhadra (Rana Daggubati), a neighborhing prince, and forms a friendly rivalry with Gona Ganna Reddy (Allu Arjun), another neighboring prince. The top command dispatches S21, a submarine, under the command of Capt. "[43], "Ghazi (film)" redirects here. [22] Final schedule of shoot ended in July 2014. [34][35], Indian Navy claims to have sunk the PNS Ghazi on December 4, 1971 at the Vishakhapatnam harbour when then Captain Inder Singh of INS Rajput ordered the attack upon it. There are only two threats to Ganapati's rule. Many members of the family have been successful actors, film directors, and producers. The Ghazi torpedo misses S21 narrowly, but it is hit by an S21 torpedo and disintegrates in water. Despite this, Rudrama wins the challenge, making her adored by several princesses in the scene, including Muktamba (Nithya Menen). S21 dives to 350 m so that it is no longer within Ghazi's sonar range despite being designed for a maximum of 250 m depth. Murari and Hari Hara go mad after hearing the news that Ganapati gets a prince, a successor to be of the crown; they then angrily kill the priest who predicted Rudrama would be a girl before "his" birth. Later, Allu Arjun was eventually selected to do the role. Ghazi, produced simultaneously in Hindi as The Ghazi Attack, is a 2017 Indian Telugu-language war film written and directed by Sankalp Reddy. [11][12][13], The Ghazi Attack is inspired by true events from the Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. After seeing the boys disrobe, she realizes that her body is different from theirs. Her birth disappoints Ganapati, who, being helpless, takes advice from his prime minister, Siva Devayya (Prakash Raj), to announce the baby to be a boy – Rudrama. Meanwhile, Ganapati's wife is pregnant. The audio music was planned to release separately in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh states having the Chief ministers of these states as chief guests. Murari and Hari Hara take this chance to launch a coup using the secret passageway. A priest working for Murari and Hari Hara predicts Ganapati's baby will be a girl who will be the saviour of the kingdom. Gunasekhar selected Ilaiyaraja to compose the music and Thotta Tharani for art direction. The first shot was shot at the Thousand Pillar Temple in Warangal. They miss their target narrowly and in the process alert Ghazi of their presence. Meanwhile, Arjun, who by now is in charge of the mission, regroups and work towards reviving S21. [23] The film was slated to be released on 26 June 2015,[24] but it was but postponed to 9 October due to technical problems. ", "The Ghazi Attack trailer: First underwater war film of India, with Rana Dagg, Om Puri", "The Ghazi Attack trailer: Rana Daggubati film is a rousing tale of a secret India-Pak war, watch video", "The Ghazi Attack: An Indo-Pak War So Deep Underwater That It Never Surfaced In History", "Taapsee Pannu taking History lessons for 'Ghazi, "The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi", "The Ghazi Attack: Why did India destroy records of one of its greatest naval victories – InUth", "Visakhapatnam: Sunk Pakistani submarine Ghazi is an enigma", "From a small outpost to a major command", "65th National Film Awards LIVE: Sridevi Posthumously Awarded Best Actress; Vinod Khanna Honoured With Dada Saheb Phalke Award", "Rana to act in India's first submarine film", "Taapsee to play refugee in Ghazi opposite Rana Daggubati", "Interview with K – "Aandavan Kattalai is an exciting prospect for me, "I play a Bangladeshi refugee in Ghazi, says Taapsee Pannu", "Ghazi turns Satyadev into a sonar operator", "Ghazi – Story of unwritten heroes of our country", "Rana Daggubati's diving expeditions for 1971 war drama, 'Ghazi, "Rana shoots for Ghazi, based on sinking of Pak submarine in 1971", "The Ghazi Attack: A few facts that you should know about one of India's greatest naval victories", "The Ghazi Attack movie review: India's first underwater film drowns under its weight", "Review: The Ghazi Attack: A Must Watch Film", "The Ghazi Attack Movie Review: Rana Daggubati's Film Is Devoid Of Mystery", "The Ghazi Attack Movie Review: Poor Script, Flawed Direction Dilutes The Impact", "National Awards 2018: Ghazi gets best movie, Baahubali 2 wins 3 honors", "Nominations for the 65th Jio Filmfare Awards (South) 2018", "SIIMA Awards 2018 - Telugu, Kannada nomination list out: Date, place of 7th edition revealed", "SIIMA Awards 2018 Telugu Kannada winners list live updates: Baahubali 2 and Rajakumara turn best movies [Photos]", National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Ghazi_Attack&oldid=990740985, Films based on Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts, Best Telugu Feature Film National Film Award winners, Indian avant-garde and experimental films, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Capt SN Ahmed as Lieutenant Taan Singh, torpedo operator of the S21, Niteesh Pandey as N.Tiwari, steering controller of the S21, Malyaban Lahiri as Ranjan Sengupta, Junior Officer of the S21, Akshay Mittal as Sublieutenant – Indian Naval Navigation Officer S21, This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 06:56. Emperor Singhana of the Devagiri Empire also wishes to conquer the Kakatiyas and name his grandson and heir, Mahadeva, as king. However the Pakistan Navy dispute the claim; as Pakistan naval inquiries believes the Ghazi might have sunk due to it mistakenly entering its own minefield and collided with one of the mines, which resulted in the violent underwater explosion.
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arjun daggubati wikipedia 2020

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Chairman Lincoln Diaz-Balart
Lincoln Diaz-Balart
CHLI CHAIRMAN
CHLI 2003 Founding Member
Lincoln Diaz-Balart practices international law in Miami, Florida. He is Chairman of the Congressional Hispanic Leadership Institute (CHLI), in Washington, DC, and a collaborator of el Instituto La Rosa Blanca (The White Rose Institute), in Miami, Florida.
Lincoln Diaz-Balart attended public elementary schools in South Florida and high school at the American School of Madrid, Spain. He received a degree in international relations from New College of Florida, in Sarasota, and obtained a diploma in British politics in Cambridge, England. He received his law degree from Cleveland, Ohio's, Case Western Reserve University.
In 1992, Lincoln was elected to the United States House of Representatives from Florida's 21st Congressional District. He served as a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee during his first term. In 1994, Lincoln Diaz-Balart became the first Hispanic in history to be named to the powerful House Rules Committee. The Rules Committee decides which legislation may reach the House Floor and what amendments may be debated. In 1996, Lincoln drafted much of the legislation that strengthened the U.S. embargo against the Cuban dictatorship. He was specifically responsible for codifying the embargo, making the lifting of sanctions contingent upon the liberation of all political prisoners, without exceptions, and the scheduling of multiparty elections in Cuba. He was the author of the Nicaraguan Adjustment and Central American Relief Act of 1997 (NACARA), which granted legal residency to hundreds of thousands of immigrants in the United States who were previously at risk of deportation.
As a member of the House Rules Committee, Lincoln Diaz-Balart took historic pieces of legislation to the House Floor for passage, including the legislation creating the "Department of Homeland Security", and the 25-year extension of the Voting Rights Act.
For his extraordinary work on behalf of Nicaraguan immigrants in the United States, Lincoln Diaz-Balart received the "Order of Ruben Dario in Great Cross Grade" medal from the President of Nicaragua on February 23, 2003. On April 13, 2004, due to his work on behalf of Colombian immigrants in the U.S., Lincoln Diaz-Balart received the highest medals awarded by the Senate and the House of Representatives of Colombia. On November 9, 2005, Lincoln Diaz-Balart was awarded the "Commander of the Ouissam Alaouite Order" of Morocco, for his efforts to deepen relations between the United States and Morocco. For his work on behalf of Salvadoran immigrants in the United States, Congressman Lincoln Diaz-Balart received the highest Medal granted by El Salvador, the "Orden Nacional Jose Matias Delgado en Grado de Plata" from the President of El Salvador on May 3, 2008. Due to his work on behalf of handicapped Ukrainian children and the deepening of relations between Ukraine and the United States, he was awarded the "Order of Merit" by the Republic of Ukraine on December 2, 2009. On November 12, 2011, for his work for human rights, he was awarded the "Lithuanian Diplomacy Star" by the Republic of Lithuania. On May 6, 2013, he received the "Ohtli" Award from the government of Mexico.
Lincoln Diaz-Balart retired from the U.S. Congress in January 2011, after the election of his brother, Congressman Mario Diaz-Balart, to the seat Lincoln held for 18 years.
Follow @lincolndbalart


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Tago, from American Samoa, helps anchor improved Washington State defense
Sports // Local Colleges
Greg Luca Dec. 26, 2018
Tago, from American Samoa, helps anchor improved...
1of3Washington State's Logan Tago practices Monday at the University of the Incarnate Word for the upcoming Alamo Bowl.Photo: Robin Jerstad /Contributor /San Antonio Express News
2of3Washington State's Logan Tago heads out to the field for practice Monday at the University of the Incarnate Word for the upcoming Alamo Bowl.Photo: Robin Jerstad /Contributor /San Antonio Express News
3of3Washington State's Logan Tago, tackling Oregon's CJ Verdell, improved by moving from linebacker to end.Photo: Young Kwak / Associated Press
Logan Tago and teammates at Samoana High School in American Samoa gathered in a classroom or basketball gym to suit up for games. The school didn't have a weight room or locker room, Tago said, part of the reason Division I offers were scarce.
Tago is one of a handful from the island to journey more than 5,000 miles to play at Washington State. After a career of highs and lows, Tago will play his final game with the No. 13 Cougars on Friday as he and an improved defense clash with No. 24 Iowa State in the Valero Alamo Bowl.
"We don't get that much opportunity to play in DI. I was just blessed to have a scholarship," Tago said. "During this offseason, my teammates believed in me as a leader, so I had to step up. And this season, I did my thing and did my job. I had to be the man down on the D-line."
Tago, a defensive end, leads Washington State with 10 tackles for loss this season.
RELATED: Purdy helped Iowa State go from 1-3 to the Alamo Bowl
When he arrived on campus, his professors were hopelessly unable to pronounce his 10-syllable first name, U'umaulauaganu'u. He decided to go by his middle name, Logan.
"There's a big adjustment from Samoa to Pullman or the U.S. in general," coach Mike Leach said. "He did a good job adjusting."
But after appearing in 13 games as a freshman in 2015, Tago was charged with second-degree felony robbery and fourth-degree misdemeanor assault stemming from an incident in June 2016 during which he allegedly took a man's six-pack of beer and hit him in the head. Tago accepted a plea bargain for third-degree assault in January 2017 and was sentenced to 30 days in jail, 240 hours of community service and $800 in fines.
Tago went so far beyond his community service requirement that he was presented the 2017 Fall Community Involvement Award by WSU's Center for Civic Engagement because of the relationship he developed with a child he met as part of an after-school program.
"A lot of people doubted me after something happened to me, but I prayed to God. God helps me a lot, man," Tago said. "No matter what ups and downs, God is always there for you. … My teammates were there for me. They stick with me. My coaches, and everybody in this program."
Under new defensive coordinator Tracy Claeys, Washington State used more four-man fronts this season than in 2017, allowing Tago to shift from rush linebacker to defensive end.
Claeys said Tago's quickness with a 6-foot-3, 250-pound frame makes him a difficult one-on-one matchup. Leach highlighted Tago's explosiveness, strength, and consistent improvement.
Tago has 10 tackles for loss and three sacks this season after totaling one sack and 5.5 tackles for loss during his first three years.
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"He does everything we ask him to, and he's a good leader up there for the D-line," linebacker Peyton Pelluer said. "I know he has my back and the rest of the defense's back. He's a stud and one of my brothers."
Washington State ranked outside the top 60 nationally in total defense during each of Leach's first five seasons before jumping to No. 16 in 2017. After defensive coordinator Alex Grinch was hired at Ohio State in January, Claeys came aboard and said he attempted to change "as little as possible."
He said about 80 percent of his defense was built around what Washington State already ran, leading to a seamless transition.
"The main difference was verbiage and terminology," Claeys said. "I'll learn their terminology as much as possible where it'll fit in, and where it doesn't, we'll use mine."
Washington State ranked No. 30 nationally in total defense this year, leading the Pac-12 in sacks with 35.
"A lot of people said we weren't going to get the work done," Tago said. "That was extra motivation for our D-line this year. We proved people wrong."
During his time at Washington State, Tago has shared a roster with seven other players from American Samoa.
Leach said the Cougars have enjoyed a pipeline to the area since American Samoa native Jack Thompson played quarterback at Washington State from 1975 to 1978. Thompson went on to play six seasons in the NFL and is one of only two players in Cougars history to have his number retired.
"Every guy that we've had from American Samoa loves playing football, loves flying to the ball and loves being physical," senior defensive back Hunter Dale said. "When you have that type of energy running around on defense, everybody feeds off of that."
Tago said he believes more players from American Samoa have the tools to play college football. Going forward, he hopes to carve out a career in the NFL and help aspiring athletes from his island home.
"That's my only plan, man. That's why we're here," Tago said. "I came all the way from Samoa to play DI football, and that's the goal, is to make it to the league. After that, give back to the community and give back to the people back home."
greg.luca@express-news.net
Twitter: @GregLuca
Greg Luca
GregLuca
Greg Luca is the UTSA beat reporter and general assignment reporter for the San Antonio Express-News. In addition to UTSA, his coverage includes the University of Incarnate Word, the San Antonio Missions, the San Antonio Rampage and other San Antonio area colleges. He is a 2013 graduate of the University of Florida and a native of Connecticut. He was the sports editor of the McAllen Monitor from 2014-18.
UTSA thwarts UTEP rally to avoid second straight collapse
UTSA looking to bounce back from late collapse in rematch against UTEP
Former UTSA coach Frank Wilson hired at McNeese


POUR IT NOW — If your city doesn't have a good skatepark then your city is the skatepark.
Recreational skateboarding differs from the issue of using skateboards as transportation, but recreational skateboarders also have been bruised with bad recent news.
A year ago, the Charleston County Park and Recreation Commission agreed to spend $2 million to build a new skate park — one of the largest on the East Coast– under the Ravenel Bridge in downtown Charleston.
Today, it's still unclear when construction will begin.
The problem has stemmed from a bureaucratic Catch 22.
O'Rourke said his agency didn't want to spend $60,000 or so designing the park if the Federal Highway Administration and S.C. Department of Transportation would not allow it in the state right of way under the bridge. However, those agencies have said they need to see a design before giving their blessing.
O'Rourke said he almost gave up on the site until Charleston Mayor Joe Riley agreed to help get the necessary approvals from the highway agencies.
The bureaucratic standoff has irked those like Shannon Smith, a mom, teacher and avid skateboarder who is on the board of the nonprofit group Pour It Now. She and other Pour It Now members appeared before city officials this week asking for their help in keeping the project on track.
O'Rourke said the Park and Recreation Commission could consider a design-build contract for the park at its next meeting, but he still is unsure when a design will be approved and when construction will start.
Jacob Hinton never used his skateboard to get around his hometown of Florence, but when he started classes at the College of Charleston last fall, he found it was the best bet for quick trips downtown.
"It's safer, more fun and easier to control," he said of his longboard, a type of skateboard designed more for transit than tricks.
William McFadden, 22, a graphic design student at Trident Technical College downtown, has been skateboarding since he was 8 and still uses it to get between his East Side home and class, restaurants and shops.
Across downtown streets, particularly near colleges, the use of skateboards has risen sharply, much like bicycle use. There's only one problem: Skateboarding is illegal — at least much of it is — and enforcement is expected to pick up soon.
Until now, skateboard enforcement has been mild.
Both Hinton and McFadden said they have been lectured or warned by police — but not ticketed.
However, Charleston City Council soon is expected to give the College of Charleston Public Safety the authority to write municipal tickets so college officers will be able to enforce skateboarding and other city laws.
College of Charleston Public Safety Chief Paul Verrecchia said the change will give his officers another option.
Charleston Police Chief Greg Mullen said the change stemmed from his conversations with Verrecchia, and Mullen said he hopes enforcement will increase because he is concerned about skateboarders' safety.
Jack Abbott's Continuum Skateshop on Spring Street does a mix of business, serving those who skateboard just for fun and those who use the boards to get around.
Others are beginning to agree.
Charleston Moves, a nonprofit that advocates human-powered transportation, soon will discuss skateboarding in more depth, as the rise in skateboarding here has mirrored the rise in bicycle use, director Tom Bradford said.
But McFadden said he tries to look out for his own safety — and that of others.


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How Did The Celtics Get The No. 1 Pick In The 2017 Draft? Revisiting The Most Lopsided Trade In Sports History
By Brian Rauf May 17, 2017
When the Boston Celtics won the 2017 NBA Draft Lottery, many people were wondering the same thing - how in the world did the team with the best record in the Eastern Conference and one of the team playing in the East Finals end up with the top overall pick?
The simple answer: They won perhaps the most lopsided trade in sports history.
Boston got that pick from the Brooklyn Nets as part of a 2013 trade that sent All-Stars (and future Hall of Famers) Paul Pierce and Kevin Garnett to Brooklyn. Here are the full details of that trade:
Nets got: Paul Pierce, Kevin Garnett, Jason Terry
Celtics got: Gerald Wallace, Kris Humphries, Kris Joseph, MarShon Brooks, Keith Bogans, three first-round picks (2014, 2016, 2018), rights to swap picks in 2017
Now, the obvious question - HOW IN THE WORLD DID THAT BLEEPING HAPPEN?
At the time, believe it or not, it was actually viewed as a very even trade. Boston's "Big 3" era of Pierce, Garnett and Ray Allen was over, and the Celtics were looking to rebuild. They had banded together prior to the 2007-08 season, won the title that year and kept the Celtics at the top of the East until the Miami Heat's "Big 3" got together.
When Ray Allen left in free agency to sign with the Heat in 2012, it was clear that Boston needed to hit the reset button. As such, they made Pierce and Garnett available for trade in the summer of 2013.
That coincided with the right set of situations in Brooklyn, as were looking to become immediate contenders under new owner Mikhail Prokhorov. The Russian billionaire purchased the then-New Jersey Nets in May 2010, and pledged that the team would win a championship within five years. And, with the Nets moving to Brooklyn in 2012, they wanted to make a splash in their new city.
So, with the self-imposed five-year title window down to two and the desire to become relevant in Brooklyn, Prokhorov was really putting the pressure on general manager Billy King to make the kind of move that could check both boxes.
Boston knew that, and by dangling Pierce and Garnett - both of whom were still two of the best players in the NBA at the time - they were able to everything they possibly could from Brooklyn.
But, by acquiring the two mega-stars and pairing them with a core of Deron Williams, Joe Johnson and Brook Lopez, the Nets were happy with the deal. Prokhorov even said that "the basketball gods smiled on the Nets" after the trade was finalized. Pierce also stated at the introductory press conference that he and Garnett were "about winning a championship. Brooklyn gives us the best opportunity."
Yeah, not so much.
Brooklyn lost to the Heat in five games in the second round of the playoffs that season, and Pierce left in the offseason to sign with the Washington Wizards. Garnett stayed for the start of the 2014-15 season, but was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves halfway through the year.
And with that, after just a season and a half, the Nets were done with the trade.
None of the players the Celtics acquired made a real impact for the Celtics, but those draft picks are still paying dividends. They drafted James Young with the 2014 pick from the Nets, though he has been a career benchwarmer to this point. However, the 2016 pick, Jaylen Brown, is playing significant minutes in the playoffs as a rookie - and it keeps getting better.
Boston is expected to use the 2017 pick on Washington's Markelle Fultz, and the 2018 pick could very well be another No. 1 overall pick.
Talk about highway robbery.
The Celtics were able to get this trade done by being in the right place at the right time. Brooklyn was desperate to contend, and Boston is still reaping the benefits.
Follow our Boston Celtics news page for all the latest Celtics news!
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Related Topics: Celtics News, 2017 NBA Draft, NBA News, Nets News


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First Impressions: THE PORTAL
by DianneSalerni | Feb 3, 2012 | First Impressions, Larry | 7 comments
Our second First Impression for the month of February comes from Larry O'Donnell, my brother-in-law and frequent guest poster. This is the first page of his most recent WIP, a thriller titled THE PORTAL.
Chapter 1: The Release
It was one of those damp cold nights that only West Virginia seems to get. It goes straight to one's bones and stays there at least until the sun comes back. I had been asleep for about three hours when my dog, Ralph, alerted me to the sound of rapping on my front door. Arming myself with a five iron, I went to the door and flung it open. There at my feet was Derek Sanders, one of a group of regulars who gathered on Wednesday and Friday nights for drinks at the Jeff Davis bar in downtown Port Anthracite. I usually attended these gatherings, although I don't drink anymore. It is my only regular social activity, but I felt achy and the chilling weather decided me to go home after work. Sanders was shivering in the cold mist and mumbling incoherently.
"Jesus, Sanders, I nearly chipped your head back out to the street." As if I could hit anything with a golf club. Instead of calling me on it, he pushed himself back up into a sitting position.
"We opened the door. One of them got out. We closed and barred it. Too-late-to-stop-one." Derek gasped out the phrases and then sat up higher for a moment. A low congested cough was the last audible sound he made as he fell over on his side in a fetal position.
"Sanders! Come on buddy, wake up!" I couldn't wake him and it was apparent that he was no longer breathing. The last cough brought bright red frothy blood out of his mouth. I felt for a pulse and found none. Then I saw copious amounts of blood from several other places and I knew he was beyond any help I could give him.
A call to 911from the house of the Chief of Police resulted in a flood of State Police cars, ambulance, Paramedics, some Firemen, County Detectives, and Roy Biggers, the County Prosecuting Attorney. Fifteen minutes later, the County Coroner, Doc Paxon, arrived.
Now, Roy and I do not get along, not even going back to our time in High School. It's nothing specific, it's just an oil and water thing. We played on the same football and baseball teams but could never find common ground on anything else. There was no competition between us, no argument over a girl, just a deep seated dislike of each other. Oddly, just as it was when we played football, we could work together for a common goal but never cross the threshold of the other's home.
I'll start with some small technical details: The opening paragraph uses past tense for things that happened that night and present tense for things that are always true. I think common practice would recommend keeping to the past tense throughout. (ex: It went straight to one's bones and stayed there at least until the sun came back.) There are also some common nouns that shouldn't be capitalized, such as high school, firemen, and county detectives.
I would hold back explaining why the narrator hadn't been to the bar with Sanders on this particular night until the county prosecutor asks him. If they don't get along, it might make for a nice tension-filled moment later.
The cough with the frothy blood should probably come in the paragraph while Sanders is still talking, rather than when he has no pulse, and I would go for a more breathless feel to his words: "We opened … the door. One of 'em … got out. Closed and barred it. Too late … to stop one."
I might also like a hint of what's going on inside the narrator's mind before everybody else arrives. He's the chief of police, and a death on his doorstep is going to activate the "business as usual" part of his persona, but still – this is somebody he knows. Is he upset? Does he suppress it? Or, as chief of police in a small town, is he used to seeing death and disaster befall people he knows? Just a line or two would help us bond with this character before the rest of the cast appears in force.
Now, as one of Larry's CPs, I've read more of this. I wish I could include the line where the county coroner questions the narrator about Sanders's last words and exclaims: "Did he mean the door? They opened the portal? Holy shit, were they crazy, drunk, or crazy drunk?" But you can't fit everything on the first page. 😉 I know Larry's got a spooky thriller here, and beginning with a death on the police chief's doorstep is not a bad way to start.
Thanks, Larry, for sharing your first page! Please be sure and stop by Mainewords today to check out Marcy's critique of this same page.
Sarah	on February 3, 2012 at 11:28 am
Whoa–a lot is happening in this opening! And while I would keep reading because the whole "we opened the door and one got out" thing is freaky, this feels like it happens TOO fast somehow. The voice is very matter-of-fact, and there's nothing wrong with that. But when you pair that with some of the "telling" in the paragraph when he calls 911, I felt like the impact of this grisly death in the middle of the night … was lost.
A few things: I'd rather be shown he's the Chief of Police than told it. If he's a cop–and he's worried enough about someone at his door to grab a golf club–wouldn't he grab his gun instead? And as a cop, I'd like him to have some thoughts about the dead man on his door step as he makes the 911 call. I want to SEE him making the call. I want to SEE these vehicles skidding into his driveway. I want to know his thoughts as this happens, especially when Doc gets out of his car and strides across the lawn. These are great opportunities to SHOW me these characters (including the MC), to paint a picture of them, and this WV setting, in my head so I can envision this story while it's happening. I think it's important to be patient and take the time to set this up properly, because it certainly sounds worth reading! Best of luck!
Matthew MacNish	on February 3, 2012 at 12:40 pm
From a storytelling point of view, I really like this. As Dianne and Sarah have both pointed out, the premise of this story is clearly intriguing, and I too would read on.
From a writing stand point, there are some things that need a little work. As Dianne mentions, tense is one. Another is the way the dialog comes across. It feels stilted, and keeps getting interrupted by narration. I also agree with Sarah about the lack of showing when it comes to all these law enforcement officials showing up. There might be a legitimate reason you summarize all that, but I think you're missing an opportunity to show an exciting scene.
DL Hammons	on February 3, 2012 at 1:28 pm
I agree with Matt, the revelation that the murder victim is found on the police chiefs doorstep is treated to matter-of-factly and therefore a missed opportunity for further intrigue. Otherwise, well done.
Chris Fries	on February 3, 2012 at 1:58 pm
There's much to like here, and overall, the story seems compelling — I would read on.
But f I were to pick a few nits:
— Yeah, the tense thing. I'd stick to one, preferably past.
— I agree with Matthew above about the dialogue. It could flow a little better uninterrupted. Also, ditto on the familiar "show, don't tell" advice.
— Starting with the weather as the opening sentence. It's cliche and lends to a "It was a dark and stormy night" comparison. Not the comparison you want your opening line to evoke.
— The MC getting woken up: another cliche that implies "rookie writer." I know — it seems like a very logical way to begin; waking up in a strange place, starting the 'big day', coming out of a dream, getting woken up by someone pounding on the door, etc. But it's really overdone and trite. (and I've forced myself out of using it several times after having it pointed out, LOL).
But story-wise: Definitely sounds like something I'd really be interested in.
Linda G.	on February 3, 2012 at 4:13 pm
Oh, intriguing! You've already gotten good craft comments, so I won't add to those, but I did want to say that for me Story (yes, Story with a capital S *grin*) is king. I would keep reading. But a little polish would make it an even better read. 🙂
Johanna Garth	on February 3, 2012 at 5:01 pm
I love the premise of the story and the only thing I would add to the craft piece is to read for use of contractions. A lot of time phrases like he had or can not sound clunky when re-read and flow better as he'd or can't.
Lydia Kang	on February 5, 2012 at 3:00 am
I think the premise is also very catchy and intriguing, but I agree with Sarah and Matt's comments. They said it better than I could've.


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Throw it back with one of our favorites, the Silver Pave Y Necklace! It's the perfect accessory to dress up your summer outfits—let it lay long with a tank or act as the perfect sidekick for a fun night out.
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This weekend should be all about the Y... because why not switch it up?


The lateral line systems of larval cecilians of the genus Ichthyophis possess 2 types of elements, free neuromasts and ampullary organs. Free mechanoreceptive neuromasts are typical of those found in other vertebrates, and are arranged in series roughly homologous to neuromast groups in many other fishes and amphibians. In contrast to other amphibians, Ichthyophis larvae possess only 1 paired, dorsal body series of neuromasts. Regional specialization of neuromasts is evident in Ichthyophis. Premaxillary and anterior head neuromasts are the largest in size and total cell number. Size and total cell numbers are correlated with epidermal depth. Neuromasts on the anterior sides of the head occur in slight grooves and have apical tips situated farther below the level of the epidermis and with greater apical indentation. These features probably provide increased protection against abrasion. Apparently abnormal neuromasts are frequently found among the neuromast series. Such neuromasts contain fewer cells that lack normal apical extension, producing a sunken effect similar to that of the ampullary organ elements. The ampullary organs of Ichthyophis are morphologically similar to those found in various freshwater fishes and known to function as electroreceptors. These organs are not observed in the lateral line systems of members of other amphibian orders (Urodela and Anura), and they may function as electroreceptors. The sunken neuromasts of the Ichthyophis lateral line system may parallel the possible evolutionary development of pit organs from normal neuromasts.


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text:
New US Congress must and will focus on diplomacy in Indo-Pacific: Rep. Chabot
The captured image shows Rep. Steve Chabot (R-OH) speaking in a webinar co-sponsored by the Washington Times Foundation and the International Association of Parliamentarians for Peace on Tuesday. (Washington Times Foundation and the International Association of Parliamentarians for Peace)
The incoming US Congress must and is prepared to focus on diplomacy in the Indo-Pacific to address the increasing competition from China and threats from North Korea, an outgoing Republican member of the House of Representatives said Tuesday.
Rep. Steve Chabot also highlighted the importance of working with South Korea and Japan, as well as other key US allies in the region.
"It's hard to overestimate the importance of the Indo-Pacific to the world in the 21st century," Chabot said in a webinar hosted by the Washington Times Foundation, noting the region accounts half of the world's population and more than one-third of the global economy.
"Over the next several years, the Indo-Pacific is going to be the epicenter of a number of important challenges for the United States, whether that's the tensions from China, which it has created surrounding Taiwan, or Kim Jong-un's nuclear missile programs," the outgoing congressman added, referring to the North Korean leader by his name.
Chabot noted the most pressing challenge for the US is and will be China and its potential invasion of Taiwan but said the North Korean issue must not be overlooked.
"While it's not drawing as much coverage as the situation around Taiwan, Kim Jong-un stepped up provocations this year," said Chabot, currently the ranking member of the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Asia, the Pacific, Central Asia and Nonproliferation.
Chabot argued the US was "sleepwalking into a crisis," saying the Joe Biden administration has had no answer to the North Korean provocations while being preoccupied by the Russian war in Ukraine.
"Despite the war in Europe, we must not lose sight of Kim's provocations, which in normal times, would have been front page news," he said.
North Korea fired a record 63 ballistic missiles this year, up from its previous annual record of 25.
Chabot underscored the importance of having strong capabilities to counter North Korean provocations, saying the North currently does not seem to be interested in engaging in dialogue.
"I I think the most important thing to remember is that peace comes through strength. Kim's provocations must be met with a firm response," he said.
The outgoing US lawmaker highlighted the importance of working with South Korea and Japan, saying, "Let me just say that the individual relationships with these two critical allies, and the trilateral relationship between our three countries are fundamental to peace and security in the-Indo Pacific."
"When it comes to the Indo-Pacific, there are many challenges, which, if properly met, will strengthen the US position in the region and redound to the security and prosperity of our allies," said Chabot.
"If we fail, however, we are going to see an increasingly nuclearized Korean Peninsula and a dominant China across the region and potentially, ultimately across the globe." (Yonhap)


text:
Edward William Spencer Cavendish (ur. 6 maja 1895, zm. 26 listopada 1950) – brytyjski arystokrata i polityk, najstarszy syn Victora Cavendisha, 9. księcia Devonshire i lady Evelyn Petty-FitzMaurice, córki 5. markiza Lansdowne.

Życiorys
W latach 1908-1938 był tytułowany markizem Hartington. Był związany z Partią Konserwatywną. W latach 1923-1938 był członkiem Izby Gmin z okręgu West Derbyshire. Po śmierci ojca w 1938 r. odziedziczył tytuł księcia Devonshire i zasiadł w Izbie Lordów. W latach 1938-1950 był kanclerzem Uniwersytetu w Leeds. W latach 1942-1945 był podsekretarzem stanu ds. Indii w rządzie koalicyjnym Winstona Churchilla. Był aktywnym masonem i wielkim mistrzem Zjednoczonej Wielkiej Loży Anglii w latach 1947-1950.

Rodzina
21 kwietnia 1917 r. poślubił lady Mary Alice Gascoyne-Cecil (29 lipca 1895 - 24 grudnia 1988), córkę Jamesa Gascoyne-Cecila, 4. markiza Salisbury i lady Cicely Gore, córki 5. hrabiego Arran. Edward i Mary mieli razem dwóch synów i trzy córki:
 William John Robert Cavendish (10 grudnia 1917 - 10 września 1944), markiz Hartington, ożenił się z Kathleen Kennedy (siostrą Johna F. Kennedy'ego), major Coldstream Guards, zginął od kuli snajpera podczas walk w Belgii
 Andrew Robert Buxton Cavendish (2 stycznia 1920 - 3 maja 2004), 11. książę Devonshire
 Mary Cavendish (6 - 17 listopada 1922)
 Elisabeth Georgiana Alice Cavendish (ur. 24 kwietnia 1926)
 Anne Evelyn Beatrice Cavendish (ur. 6 listopada 1927), żona Michaela Tree, ma dzieci

Śmierć
Książę miał atak serca w wieku 55 lat. Leczył go dr John Bodkin Adams, podejrzewany później o zabicie 163 pacjentów za pomocą trucizny, ale książę zmarł. Wszystkie jego tytuły odziedziczył jego młodszy syn.

Przypisy

Cavendish
Cavendish, Edward
Cavendish
Cavendish

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Hexathele taumara är en spindelart som beskrevs av Forster 1968. Hexathele taumara ingår i släktet Hexathele och familjen Hexathelidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Spindlar
taumara


text:
The Virtual Currency Regulation Review - Edition 2
Adrian Ang V-Meng
Alexander Yap Wei-Ming
Anil Shergill
Samuel Kwek
Allen & Gledhill
I INTRODUCTION TO THE LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
While there is a wide variety of cryptocurrencies and digital tokens with differing characteristics, most cryptocurrencies are a cryptographically secured representation of a token holder's rights to receive a benefit or to perform specified functions. However, from a legal perspective, it is critical to distinguish between these digital tokens, as the offering of different types of digital tokens may trigger different regulatory considerations. At last count, there appear to be broadly four categories of digital tokens: digital payment tokens, security tokens, utility tokens and asset-backed tokens.
i Digital payment tokens
On 21 November 2017, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) launched a second consultation on its proposed payments regulatory framework. Specifically, MAS issued its Consultation Paper on the Proposed Payment Services Bill. The Payment Services Bill (the Bill) was intended to streamline the regulation of payment services under a single piece of legislation, expand the scope of regulated payment activities to include digital payment token services and other innovations, and calibrate regulation according to the risks posed by these activities. The Bill was passed by Parliament on 14 January 2019 and became the Payment Services Act 2019 (the PS Act). The PS Act is expected to come into force once the regulations supporting the PS Act have been consulted on and finalised.
Under the PS Act, a digital payment token is defined to mean 'any digital representation of value that (1) is expressed as a unit (2) is not denominated in any fiat currency and is not pegged by its issuer to any fiat currency (3) is or is intended to be accepted by the public or a section of the public as a medium of exchange, to pay for goods or services, or discharge a debt (4) can be transferred, stored or traded electronically and (5) satisfies any other characteristic that MAS may prescribe'. Bitcoin and Ether are examples of digital payment tokens.
Digital payment tokens are not currently regulated, as they are not considered securities or currency.2 MAS has now proposed that where someone deals in digital payment tokens, that person could potentially be construed as providing a digital payment token service under the PS Act, triggering licensing requirements.
ii Security tokens
On 1 August 2017, MAS released the following statement:3
the offer or issue of digital tokens in Singapore will be regulated by MAS if the digital tokens constitute products regulated under the Securities and Futures Act [Chapter 289] (SFA) . . . MAS has observed that the function of digital tokens has evolved beyond just being a virtual currency. For example, digital tokens may represent ownership or a security interest over an issuer's assets or property. Such tokens may therefore be considered an offer of shares or units in a collective investment scheme under the SFA. Digital tokens may also represent a debt owed by an issuer and be considered a debenture under the SFA.
The Securities and Futures Act4 is the primary piece of legislation that governs securities and investment in Singapore. Where digital tokens are construed as securities under the SFA, such digital tokens would be subject to the various requirements of the SFA. Most commonly, these include licensing requirements for the regulated activity of dealing in capital markets products (the definition of which includes securities) and prospectus registration requirements for offering securities or securities-based derivatives contracts to persons in Singapore.
The term capital markets products includes any securities, units in a collective investment scheme and derivatives contracts. The term securities, in turn, includes shares, units in a business trust or any instrument conferring or representing a legal or beneficial ownership interest in a corporation, partnership or limited liability partnership and debentures (i.e., bonds or notes). The term securities-based derivatives contracts means any derivatives contract of which the underlying thing or any of the underlying things is a security or a securities index, but does not include certain derivatives contracts prescribed by regulations.
There is a risk that a digital token falling within the described instruments above would be a capital markets product, and for the purposes of this chapter will be referred to as a security token. However, it would be prudent to go further and say that if a digital token displays characteristics that the various financial products that form the definition of capital markets products are typically associated with, there is a risk that they may be construed as a security token and trigger licensing requirements for dealing in capital markets products and prospectus registration requirements under the SFA. This is discussed in further detail in Section II.
iii Utility tokens
Utility tokens typically arise in the context of an initial token offering or an initial coin offering (ICO). At a basic level, an issuer offers digital tokens to participants through blockchain and cryptocurrency technology. Participants typically transfer digital payment tokens (such as Bitcoin or Ether) to the issuer in exchange for digital tokens at a predetermined exchange rate. The digital tokens issued are often designed to be usable to pay for the products or services of the issuer (or its related corporation).
Conceptually, such an ICO is different from an initial public offering (IPO) in that in an IPO, funds are raised by an issuer through the issuance of its shares to investors. In an ICO, digital tokens are issued to the consumers of the products and services provided by the issuer (or its related corporation). In a sense, the focus of a participant in an ICO may be on the quality of the products and services provided by the issuer (or its related corporation), while for an IPO, the focus of an investor may be on the quality of the products and services provided by the issuer and how that translates to the overall future value of the company (i.e., the share value of the company).
Digital tokens may also have other rights attached to them. In many jurisdictions, there are financial regulatory concerns surrounding ICOs, generally revolving around the proper legal categorisation of the digital tokens issued pursuant to an ICO. The issue is likely to be determined based on whether such digital tokens are effectively capital markets products (or their equivalent in each jurisdiction), and the follow-on applicability of prospectus registration and financial regulatory licensing laws. From a policy perspective, such laws are generally geared towards protecting consumers by ensuring that they are provided with a prescribed level of information on the offering to enable them to better understand their purchase. In addition, such laws seek to ensure that the entity that deals in such capital markets products keeps to a prescribed level of operating standards, both in relation to its internal operations and its dealings with customers and clients. Where digital tokens are taken not to be capital markets products, consumers may end up bereft of the protections afforded by such laws.
Notwithstanding the above, it is by no means clear how a digital token will be categorised in different jurisdictions.
When dealing with utility tokens, a fundamental consideration is often to ensure that the utility tokens are not characterised as capital markets products and do not display such characteristics (i.e., the tokens are not security tokens). As mentioned above, dealing in capital markets products or offering security tokens may trigger both licensing and prospectus requirements, and it is often the case that such requirements run counter to the considerations underpinning an ICO. It is also advisable to ensure that the underlying product or service that the utility token holder is able to access is not in itself regulated.
iv Asset-backed tokens
One of the benefits of blockchain technology is the ability to tokenise virtually any asset. The technology allows ownership of an asset to be shared between multiple persons, and bought and sold across national boundaries with ease. However, the broad scope of the assets that can be the subject of tokenisation also brings about a broad range of legal considerations, depending on the specific asset that is tokenised and the rights attached to each token.
One commonly tokenised asset belongs to the category of precious metals. In effect, what typically transpires is that the issuer of a token (or a related corporation) has a store of precious metal and wishes to provide the general public with the ability to gain exposure to the price of the precious metal. It may be the case that tokenisation of the ownership in the precious metal allows for each token to be priced in such a manner that the average person can afford to purchase ownership in the precious metal (via ownership of the token). This is possible as there is no limit on the number of tokens that can be representative of a specific amount of precious metal. There is also the added advantage of the token holder being able to transact in the tokens online, without having to deal with the physical aspects of the precious metal but with the ability to withdraw the actual precious metal at any time.
Where advising on tokens that represent ownership in precious metals, consideration should be given to whether this triggers any regulatory implications. By way of example, the buying and selling of tokens may be construed as undertaking spot commodity trading under the Commodity Trading Act (CTA).5 The CTA defines a spot commodity broker as 'a person whether as principal or agent who carries on the business of soliciting or accepting orders, for the purchase or sale of any commodity by way of spot commodity trading, whether or not the business is part of, or is carried on in conjunction with, any other business'. Spot commodity trading is in turn defined as 'the purchase or sale of a commodity at its current market or spot price, where it is intended that such transaction results in the physical delivery of the commodity'.
Another common business model for such category of digital tokens relates to the tokenisation of real estate. One example is where an issuer collects monies (fiat) from purchasers of a token, and with such monies purchases real estate. Each token represents beneficial interests in a trust that holds the real estate (and rights to some form of return on the real estate). There is a manager that manages the real estate with a view to generating a return for the token holders. Depending on the exact scope of the business model, there may be a number of regulatory issues that are triggered under such a scheme. It is possible that such an arrangement may be considered a collective investment scheme under the SFA, and the offering of the tokens may be seen as the regulated activity of dealing in capital markets products under the SFA. Again, depending on the exact business model, it is possible that the manager may be construed to be providing fund management services under the SFA, thus triggering licensing requirements therefor, unless exempt. A unit in a collective investment scheme falls under the definition of a capital markets product under the SFA.
II SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT LAWS
As mentioned in Section I.ii, dealing in or offering security tokens may trigger both licensing and prospectus requirements under the SFA. Apart from such concerns, issuers and distributors of security tokens who advise or promulgate research analyses and reports could be subject to the licensing requirements of the Financial Advisers Act (FAA).6
In addition, operators of platforms or exchanges that facilitate secondary trading of these security tokens that are or have characteristics of derivatives contracts, securities or units in collective investment schemes would need to be approved or recognised by MAS as an approved exchange or recognised market operator, respectively, under the SFA.
An important point to note is that the SFA and the FAA have extraterritorial application. Under the SFA, where acts are carried out partly in and partly outside Singapore, they would be treated as being committed wholly in Singapore, and where an act is carried out wholly outside Singapore, it would be treated as being carried on in Singapore if it has a substantial and reasonably foreseeable effect in Singapore.7 Under the FAA, a person will be deemed to be acting as a financial adviser in Singapore if he or she engages in any activity or conduct that is intended to or likely to induce the public in Singapore or any section thereof to use any financial advisory service provided by the person, whether or not the activity or conduct is intended to or likely to have that effect outside Singapore.8
III BANKING AND MONEY TRANSMISSION
i Banking
Banking is regulated at a national level by MAS (as part of its regulation of conventional banks), and MAS also imposes data and transactional security requirements on the financial institutions it regulates.
Commercial banks are regulated under the Banking Act.9 They may undertake universal banking. Besides commercial banking, which includes deposit taking, the provision of cheque services and lending, banks may also carry out any other businesses that are regulated or authorised by MAS, including financial advisory services, insurance broking and capital market services.
Merchant banks are approved under the Monetary Authority of Singapore Act10 and their operations are governed by the Merchant Bank Directives. On 21 May 2019 MAS released a consultation11 proposing to consolidate the regulation and licensing of merchant banks under the Banking Act. Their Asian Currency Unit operations are also subjected to the Banking Act. Merchant banks operate within the Guidelines for Operation of Merchant Banks. Their typical activities include corporate finance, underwriting of share and bond issues, mergers and acquisitions, portfolio investment management, management consultancy and other fee-based activities. Most merchant banks have, with MAS' approval, established Asian Currency Units to transact in the Asian dollar market.
The specific type of regulations that a digital bank will trigger will generally depend on the types of activities that it undertakes, and which of the categories set out above the digital bank falls within.
It was reported in May 2019 that MAS was considering whether to allow digital-only banking licenses, which would permit financial technology firms to operate digital-only banks without needing a traditional bank at its core.
ii Money transmission
There is a licensing requirement under the Money-changing and Remittance Businesses Act (MRBA)12 for the carrying on of remittance business. Remittance business is defined in the MRBA to mean 'the business of accepting monies for the purpose of transmitting them to persons resident in another country or a territory outside Singapore'.13 Section 2(2)(b) of the MRBA provides that a person is deemed to be carrying on remittance business if he or she offers to transmit money on behalf of any person to another person resident in another country. Persons who facilitate the transmission of digital tokens or fiat should consider whether such transmission would trigger licensing requirements for operating a remittance business.
Notwithstanding the current requirements under the MRBA, under the PS Act, the regulatory requirements relating to the transmission of monies will be expanded, as can be seen from the expanded scope of the regulated activity of 'cross-border money transfer service' and the new regulated activity of 'domestic money transfer service'. As such, where proposing to transfer fiat or digital tokens representing fiat, a person should be mindful of the regulatory requirements under the PS Act.
Under the PS Act, money is defined to include currency and e-money but does not include any digital payment token and any excluded digital representation of value. The PS Act clearly distinguishes between e-money and digital payment tokens. A 'digital payment token' is defined to mean 'any digital representation of value that (1) is expressed as a unit (2) is not denominated in any fiat currency and is not pegged by its issuer to any fiat currency (3) is or is intended to be accepted by the public or a section of the public as a medium of exchange, to pay for goods or services, or discharge a debt (4) can be transferred, stored or traded electronically and (5) satisfies any other characteristic that MAS may prescribe'. By contrast, e-money is defined to mean:
electronically stored monetary value that (1) is denominated in any currency, or pegged by its issuer to any currency (2) has been paid for in advance to enable the making of payment transactions through the use of a payment account (3) is accepted by a person other than its issuer and (4) represents a claim on its issuer.
The definition in the PS Act is useful from a conceptual standpoint, as it provides a clean framework to separate digital payment tokens and e-money.
Different regulated activities may be triggered depending on whether e-money or a digital payment token is being handled. Dealing in digital payment tokens could potentially be construed as providing a digital payment token service under the PS Act, thus triggering licensing requirements therefor. Separately, where e-money issuance is undertaken, or someone is construed to be providing account issuance services, providing domestic money transfer services, providing cross-border money transfer services or providing merchant acquisition services in relation to e-money, licensing requirements could be triggered for these activities under the PS Act.
IV ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING
i General
Financial institutions operating in Singapore are required to put in place robust controls to detect and deter the flow of illicit funds through Singapore's financial system. Such controls include the need for financial institutions to identify and know their customers (including beneficial owners), conduct regular account reviews, and monitor and report any suspicious transaction. The requirements on financial institutions are set out in MAS Notices on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (the AML/CFT Notices).
Financial institutions are encouraged to refer to guidance papers for good practices for combating money laundering and terrorism financing, and AML/CFT announcements for information on high-risk jurisdictions, as well as other news.
Such AML/CFT requirements are imposed generally on financial institutions operating in Singapore and are typically independent of whether digital tokens are involved in a transaction. Having said that, the presence of digital tokens may mean that financial institutions will need to conduct additional AML/CFT procedures owing to the anonymous nature of digital tokens.
The AML/CFT risk posed by digital tokens is well recognised in Singapore. In his reply to a parliamentary question on banning the trading of Bitcoin or cryptocurrency, Tharman Shanmugaratnam, the Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister in charge of MAS, observed: '[w]hen it comes to money laundering or terrorism financing, Singapore's laws do not make any distinction between transactions effected using fiat currency, virtual currency or other novel ways of transmitting value. Hence, MAS' AML/CFT requirements apply to all activities of financial institutions, whether conducted in fiat or virtual currencies'.14 In his reply to a parliamentary question on AML/CFT enforcement on virtual currency transactions, he noted: '[t]here is a clear risk of money laundering . . . [c]ryptocurrency transactions are anonymous. Given also the decentralised systems behind cryptocurrency payments, and the speed at which they can be performed, they can be used to conceal the illicit movement of funds.'15
ii Future specific AML/CFT laws
The PS Act will broaden the current scope of MAS' regulatory purview by requiring intermediaries that buy, sell or exchange digital payment tokens to specifically address money laundering and terrorism financing risks.16 On 6 June 2019, MAS issued the Consultation Paper on the Proposed Payment Services Notices on Prevention of Money Laundering and Countering the Financing of Terrorism (the AML Consultation).17 MAS has stated in the AML Consultation that all transactions under digital payment token services are considered to carry higher inherent money laundering and terrorism financing risks due to the anonymity, speed and cross-border nature of digital payment token transactions. It is proposed that AML/CFT requirements be introduced on licensees under the PS Act who provide digital payment token services that deal in or facilitate the exchange of digital payment tokens for real currencies where:
dealing in digital payment tokens includes the buying and selling of digital payment tokens – this will typically involve the exchange of digital payment tokens (such as Bitcoin or Ether) for any fiat currency or another digital payment token (such as a Bitcoin for Ether transaction); and
facilitating the exchange of digital payment tokens means establishing or operating a digital payment token exchange that allows the buying or selling of any digital payment token in exchange for any fiat currency or another digital payment token (whether of the same or a different type).
MAS also indicated in the AML Consultation that to fully align with the Financial Action Task Force Standards, it intends to amend the PS Act and issue further AML/CFT Notices at a later stage. The consultation on further amendments is expected to take place at the end of 2020.
V REGULATION OF EXCHANGES
The SFA provides that no person shall establish or operate an organised market (including a securities market), or hold him or herself out as operating an organised market, unless such person is an approved exchange or a recognised market operator. Operators of platforms or exchanges that facilitate secondary trading of security tokens that are or have characteristics of derivatives contracts, securities or units in collective investment schemes would need to be approved or recognised by MAS as an approved exchange or recognised market operator, respectively.
Digital payment token exchanges will be regulated under the PS Act as providing a digital payment token service that includes facilitating the exchange of digital payment tokens. This would be the case even where such digital payment tokens are not deemed to be capital markets products (i.e., not security tokens) within the meaning of the SFA but otherwise fall within the definition of digital payment tokens under the PS Act. Digital payment token exchanges will be required to apply for a licence to operate in Singapore.
VI REGULATION OF MINERS
Whether the mining of digital payment tokens will trigger licensing or regulatory requirements will depend on the exact scope of the mining arrangement. It is possible that if a company offers a service where it rents out mining machines, runs and maintains a collective mining pool that the mining machines are connected to, maintains the mining machines, pools returns from the mining operations and distributes such returns to the miners, this could potentially be construed as operating a collective investment scheme, and relevant regulatory implications will need to be considered.
VII REGULATION OF ISSUERS AND SPONSORS
Generally, issuers and sponsors of digital payment tokens (such as Bitcoin and Ether) are not regulated in Singapore, unless the digital payment token exhibits characteristics of capital markets products or is a tokenised asset. Once the PS Act comes into force, issuers and sponsors of digital payment tokens may trigger licensing requirements for providing digital payment token services, depending on the exact service that is being contemplated.
Utility tokens are typically meant to represent a presale of a product or service to be provided by the issuer (or its related corporation), and such utility tokens are issued to the consumers of such products or services. In this regard, depending on whether the underlying products or services that utility tokens can be exchanged for trigger licensing or regulatory requirements, issuers of utility tokens may accordingly be subject to regulation.
VIII CRIMINAL AND CIVIL FRAUD AND ENFORCEMENT
It is expected that every jurisdiction (Singapore included) will face issues pertaining to the bringing and the enforcement of actions relating to digital payment token trading. The two biggest issues arise with respect to identification of the counterparty (in a civil action) or perpetrator of the fraud (in a criminal action). If the counterparty or perpetrator can be identified and located, the second issue concerns bringing an action against that person and enforcing a judgment against that person.
Given the cross-border nature of the internet and digital payment token transactions, fraud can be perpetrated from virtually any location relating to persons in any other location: after all, anonymity is one of the greatest hallmarks of digital payment token systems and blockchain technology. This is coupled with the ease of concealing one's identity on the internet. In such situations, the challenges lie in being able to identify and locate, and subsequently bring and enforce legal action against, that person, whether locally or in a foreign jurisdiction. At present, there may be methods of identifying and locating such persons, but it is expected that a concerted effort and a large amount of resources would need to be expended to mount any successful attempt at doing so. In the case of civil proceedings, a claimant is unlikely to have the expertise or resources to be able to do so. In the case of criminal proceedings, it is likely that the scale of the fraud (and possibly other factors) would determine whether expending the amount of resources to identify, locate and bring an action against a perpetrator is justifiable.
IX TAX
There is no capital gains tax or inheritance tax in Singapore. The corporate income tax rate is 17 per cent for companies, while goods and services tax (GST) is currently charged at a rate of 7 per cent. There remains some residual uncertainty as to how taxes will be applied to certain digital token offerings. By way of example, in the context of an initial token offering, it is unclear how corporate tax and GST will be applied to the sale of the utility tokens pursuant to the offering.
X OTHER ISSUES
Based on publicly available reports18 and discussions with industry players, it is understood that certain fintech companies (e.g., cryptocurrency exchanges) and companies that have conducted offerings of utility tokens have had difficulties in opening or maintaining bank accounts in Singapore. A number of banks in Singapore have either refused to allow such persons to open a bank account or have otherwise closed existing bank accounts. We believe that the reason for this probably comes down to concerns relating to AML/CFT requirements.
XI LOOKING AHEAD
As discussed in Section I.i, the PS Act will streamline the regulation of payment services under a single piece of legislation, expand the scope of regulated payment activities to include digital payment token services and other innovations, and calibrate regulation according to the risks posed by these activities.
When the PS Act comes into force, payment firms will only need to hold one licence under a single regulatory framework to conduct any or all of the specified payment activities. Only payment activities where payment firms face customers or merchants, process funds or acquire transactions, and pose relevant regulatory concerns will need to be licensed. The new framework will expand the scope of regulation to include domestic money transfers (e.g., transferring money through payment kiosks), merchant acquisitions (e.g., acquiring transactions through a point-of-sale terminal or online payment gateway), and the purchase and sale of digital payment tokens.
To help ensure that the expanded scope of regulation is not onerous, the PS Act will differentiate regulatory requirements according to the risks that specific payment activities pose rather than apply a uniform set of regulations on all payment service providers. This can be seen from the calibrated approach that MAS has taken in the AML Consultation.
The PS Act will empower MAS to regulate payment services for money laundering and terrorism financing risks, strengthen safeguards for funds belonging to consumers and merchants, set standards on technology risk management, and enhance the interoperability of payment solutions across a wider range of payment activities.
1 Adrian Ang and Alexander Yap are partners, and Anil Shergill and Samuel Kwek are senior associates, at Allen & Gledhill LLP.
2 https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2014/mas-to-regulate-virtual-currency-intermediaries-for-money-laundering-and-terrorist-financing-risks
3 https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/media-releases/2017/mas-clarifies-regulatory-position-on-the-offer-of-digital-tokens-in-singapore
4 Securities and Futures Act (SFA), Chapter 289 of Singapore.
5 Commodity Trading Act, Chapter 48A of Singapore.
6 Financial Advisers Act, Chapter 110 of Singapore.
7 Section 339 of the SFA.
8 Section 6(2) of the FAA.
9 Banking Act, Chapter 19 of Singapore.
10 Monetary Authority of Singapore Act, Chapter 186 of Singapore.
11 The consultation can be accessed at: https://www.mas.gov.sg/publications/consultations/2019/consultation-paper-on-regulating-merchant-banks-under-the-banking-act
12 Money-changing and Remittance Businesses Act, Chapter 187 of Singapore.
13 Section 2(1) of the MRBA.
14 Reply to Parliamentary Question on AML/CFT enforcement on virtual currency transactions, available at https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/parliamentary-replies/2018/reply-to-parliamentary-question-on-amlcft-enforcement-on-virtual-currency-transactions
15 Reply to Parliamentary Question on banning the trading of bitcoin currency or cryptocurrency, available at https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/parliamentary-replies/2018/reply-to-parliamentary-question-on-banning-the-trading-of-bitcoin-currency-or-cryptocurrency
16 Crypto Tokens: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly: Speech by Mr Ravi Menon, Managing Director, MAS, at Money20/20, 15 March 2018, available at https://www.mas.gov.sg/news/speeches/2018/crypto-tokens-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly
17 This can be accessed at: https://www.mas.gov.sg/publications/consultations/2019/proposed-payment-services-notices-on-prevention-money-laundering-countering-financing-terrorism
18 https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-09-26/singapore-cryptocurrency-firms-facing-bank-account-closures
Editors' Preface
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Francesco I de' Medici, Mare Duce de Toscana (25 martie 1541 – 17 octombrie 1587) a fost al doilea Mare Duce al Toscanei și a domnit în perioada 1574-1587.

Biografie

Născut în Florența, a fost fiul lui Cosimo I de' Medici, Mare Duce de Toscana și a Eleonora di Toledo. A fost regent pentru tatăl său începând cu anul 1564.

Căsătoria cu Ioana de Austria
La 18 decembrie 1565 s-a căsătorit cu Ioana a Austriei, fiica cea mică a lui Ferdinand I, Împărat Roman și a Ana a Boemiei și Ungariei. Nu au avut o căsnicie fericită. Ioanei îi era dor de Austria natală iar Francesco nu era nici fermecător nici fidel. Ioana a murit la vârsta de 31 de ani în 1578.

Bianca Cappello
La scurt timp după ce Marea Ducesă Ioana a murit, Francesco s-a căsătorit cu amanta sa venețiană, Bianca Cappello. Francesco a construit și a decorat vila Medicea di Pratolino pentru Bianca. Ea nu a fost întotdeauna populară printre florentini. Nu au avut copii dar Francesco a adoptat-o pe fiica ei din prima căsătorie Pellegrina și pe fiul ei Antonio, care a fost adoptat când era nou născut de Bianca.

Legături externe
 Francesco I Medici, otravit, 31 decembrie 2006, Evenimentul zilei

Nașteri în 1541
Decese în 1587
Francesco 1
Francesco 1