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First Cash Financial Services, Inc. Business Information, Profile, and History
690 E. Lamar Boulevard, Suite 400
Arlington, Texas 76011
First Cash Financial Services, Inc. is a leading provider of specialty consumer finance products.
History of First Cash Financial Services, Inc.
First Cash Financial Services, Inc. operates one of America's largest chains of pawnshops and check cashing/short-term advance stores, found in 11 states and Mexico. The Arlington, Texas company (as of March 2003) owns 137 pawnshops, located mostly in Texas and Mexico, and 62 check cashing/short-term advance stores, of which 24 are in Texas. In addition, First Cash is half-owner of a venture that operates kiosks in convenience stores to provide check cashing, money orders, wire transfers, and "payday loans." Although pawnshops are well established in the United States, mom-and-pop enterprises generally suffer from a seedy reputation. First Cash and other publicly traded chains are trying to consolidate the industry as well as improve the image. For its part, First Cash pawnshops are designed very much like convenience or video stores, featuring well-lit parking and exteriors, and neatly arranged merchandise. A large share of the company's profits come from the sales of items that borrowers have forfeited, and by creating a more attractive atmosphere management hopes to attract a higher volume of bargain-hunting consumers.
Incorporation of First Cash in 1988
First Cash was founded by John R. Payne, who became involved in the pawnshop business after selling a Dallas bank he owned in 1979. He traded some Colorado property for a pawnshop in Dallas and operated it with his wife, Edith, until 1985 when they sold it and built two more modern-looking stores in Fort Worth. In July 1988 he incorporated First Cash Inc. in order to launch a chain of pawnshops. In that same month First Cash completed its first acquisition, buying two pawnshops from L.G.'s Pawn Shop, Inc. for $100,000. In January 1989 First Cash spent $500,000 to acquire more operations from L.G.'s. To run the chain Payne hired Phillip "Rick" Powell, the company's current chairman and chief executive officer. Like Payne, Powell had experience in the banking industry. Before coming to First Cash he had been the chairman of First Savings Bank in Arlington.
In the late 1980s pawnstore operators began to take their businesses public in order to fuel expansion; the first was Fort Worth-based Cash America, which went public in May 1987. First Cash, a six-store chain at this point, took the step in 1991. It reincorporated in Delaware and completed its initial public offering in April of that year. By the end of July, First Cash had grown by 50 percent, paying $1 million in cash for three stores in the Dallas/Fort Worth area. Later in 1991 the chain made its first out-of-state acquisitions, paying $550,000 in cash to buy Happy Hocker and Granny's Pawn in Oklahoma City. With 11 units, First Cash was now the nation's third largest public pawnshop chain.
In early 1992 First Cash made some changes in its management structure. Powell, who had held the title of president, now replaced Payne as chief executive officer and would soon take over the chairmanship as well. Payne became chairman emeritus, responsible for scouting new store sites and potential acquisitions. To help in assimilating its recent acquisitions, the chain also hired its former auditor from Price Waterhouse, Rick Wessell, to serve as chief financial officer. Moreover, First Cash took steps to beef up its computer system in order to better track loans and purchases at its stores. First Cash continued its aggressive expansion in the early months of 1992. Instead of paying cash the company now adopted a strategy of using company stock and notes payable. In this way, it added seven pawnshops in south Texas, acquired from American Pawn and Jewelry, Inc. It also signed a letter of intent to buy Regent Jewelry & Loan Co., a five-store chain, but this deal fell through when the two parties failed to come to a final understanding on payment terms, thus highlighting the difficulties of using such an acquisition financing approach. At this point First Cash owned 23 stores, some of which were new start-ups, but it remained a distant third among publicly traded pawnstore chains: Cash America owned 187 stores in the United States and another 26 in the United Kingdom, while number two EZCORP operated 93 stores. Although there was no lack of acquisition candidates, First Cash simply lacked the funds to grow as quickly as management would have liked. Nevertheless, the company was well positioned in the industry. According to a 1992 Dallas Morning News article quoting analysts, First Cash had "the critical mass it needs to survive in the next few years as larger chains use technology, expertise and economies of scale to nip away at the mom-and-pop shops that dominate the pawn industry today."
Change in Leadership; Resumption of Acquisition Activities: Mid-1990s
First Cash spent the balance of 1992 digesting its recent acquisitions. It was a good time for the pawnshop industry, which was prospering during a difficult period for the nation's economy. Pawnshop operators, on the other hand, maintained that the changing image of pawnshops was chiefly responsible for a wider swath of people visiting them. First Cash made no acquisitions in 1993, likely the result of differences among board members about how to grow the business. By the end of the year Payne and four other directors resigned "amicably to pursue personal and professional matters," as explained in a company statement.
First Cash resumed its acquisition activities in June 1994, when it paid nearly $4 million in cash and notes to buy Famous Pawn, a seven-store chain operating in the Baltimore/Washington, D.C. area. Famous Pawn was launched as a single store in 1988 by Mark Rothman, who agreed to stay on to run the operation for First Cash and to look for further acquisition and start-up possibilities in the area. Due to usury laws in the District and neighboring Virginia, pawnshops were permitted to charge only 5 percent interest a month. Because Maryland did not have such legislation, Famous Pawn concentrated its stores in Maryland suburbs close to the District and charged 10 percent a month. Technically, none of the stores in this market made loans. To abide by laws in all three states, the shop bought the merchandise (which in Texas would have been collateral) from the customer, who retained the right to buy back the item at a marked-up price, which in essence represented the principal of the loan plus interest.
In 1995 First Cash upgraded its computer infrastructure to improve both inventory control and loan evaluations. Employees could tap into the system to see what price an item had commanded in the past and were in this way able to make faster loan evaluations. In addition, each customer's transaction history was readily available, and the company's headquarters was now better able to track the operations of each store. First Cash also garnered a lot of positive publicity in 1995 when it became the first pawnshop chain to stop selling handguns. Although this decision was in keeping with management's desire to improve the image of pawnshops and broaden their appeal, the main goal was to lower the company's risk of legal liability, should a handgun purchased at a First Cash store be used in a crime. Moreover, handgun sales required the completion of extensive paperwork in order to comply with both state and federal legislation. Because these sales accounted for less than 1 percent of First Cash's revenues, management opted to simply exit the business. First Cash would, however, continue to sell rifles and shotguns used for hunting and other sports, and would also continue to accept handguns as collateral. Any unredeemed weapons would then be sold to wholesale gun dealers outside of Texas.
First Cash renewed its acquisition activities in 1996 and 1997. It bought three Baltimore pawnshops in May 1996 at a cost of nearly $2.5 million in cash. A month later it bought three more pawnshops in the city at a cost of $1.6 million. Both deals were accomplished through the company's line of credit. Altogether in 1996, the First Cash chain grew by seven stores. Further, in 1996 First Cash began to manage and operate the 11-store pawnshop chain of JB Pawn, Inc., a Texas company owned by an investor group that originated in Georgia, with stores located in Texas and Maryland. First Cash then added another seven stores in 1997.
First Cash underwent a number of changes in 1998. It bought JB Pawn for $2 million, and then later in the year bought five pawnshops in El Paso and another 12 in South Carolina, both new markets for the company. Also in that year First Cash entered the Missouri market. Altogether, First Cash added 29 stores in 1998. The company also took major steps toward diversification when it acquired Miraglia Inc., involved in the check-cashing business. As part of the deal, First Cash picked up the 11-store, West Coast check-cashing chain, Cash & Go. In addition, it acquired Miraglia subsidiary Answers, etc., the country's top provider of software used in the check-cashing industry to evaluate risks associated with cashing checks and issuing payday loans. The software was also capable of storing and recalling a wide range of information, including customer photographs, signatures, and histories. It was able to handle other types of transactions, as well, such as money orders, wire transfers, and utility bill payments. First Cash then added to its slate of check-cashing stores by acquiring 11 outlets in the Chicago area, a new market for the company. In another bid to diversify, First Cash in 1998 became the first major pawnbroker to sell its merchandise on the Internet. After beefing up its technology, First Cash was able to post items from all of its stores on its web site. The company already had a real-time system and was keeping track of the necessary information, so taking the next step and making the items available online was a natural progression. The chain also began auctioning off some items: If a bid higher than a minimum price was received the item would be sold. Again, by selling online the company was attempting to appeal to customers who never thought to visit a pawnshop in person because of the stigma attached to such establishments.
Name Change in 1999: First Cash Financial Services
In 2000 First Cash continued efforts to bolster its balance sheet by signing a deal with Pawnbroker.com, making some 250,000 items of merchandise available through its partner's web site. The venture also provided online financial and support services to the pawnshop industry. Although the online selling idea would not pan out, Pawnbroker.com expanded the type of financial services it offered to pawnshops and consumers.
As the U.S. economy soured in the early years of the new century, First Cash prospered. In 2001 it added ten new, freestanding stores, followed by 32 more outlets in 2002. In 2002 the company posted record revenues of $118.8 million and net profits just shy of $11 million. First Cash disposed of its check-cashing software business but overall was pleased with the strategy it had adopted of controlling costs while pursuing diversification, confident that the future held even greater promise.
Principal Subsidiaries: American Pawn and Jewelry, Inc.; JB Pawn, Inc.; Capital Pawnbrokers, Inc.; First Cash, S.A. De C.V.; First Cash, Inc.; Cash & Go, Inc.
Principal Competitors: Ace Cash Express, Inc.; Cash America International, Inc.; EZCORP, Inc.; PawnMart, Inc.
Related information about FIRST
FIRST, or For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology, is an organization founded by inventor Dean Kamen in 1989 in order to develop ways to excite students about engineering and technology. The first event was the FIRST Robotics Competition (FRC), which is designed to inspire high school students to become engineers by giving them real world experience working with professional engineers to develop a robot. The inaugural FIRST Robotics Competition was held in 1992.
Later on, the FIRST LEGO League (FLL), a program similar to the FIRST Robotics Competition, was formed. It is aimed at younger students and it utilizes Lego Mindstorms sets to build palm-sized robots, rather than the actual person-sized metal robots that the high schoolers in the FRC build. As of 2006, over 1,180 high school teams totaling over 28,000 students from Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, Israel, the United States, the United Kingdom, and more compete to build 100-125 pound robots that can complete a task that changes every year. Previous years' championships have been held in Houston, Texas and at Walt Disney World's Epcot.
FIRST Robotics' sister organization is the FIRST LEGO League (FLL). It utilizes the Lego Mindstorms for Schools educational robotics system, including ROBOLAB programming software based on National Instruments' LabView industrial control engineering software. Its first competition was a demonstration competition at the national FIRST competition in Atlanta, GA from April 21-22, 2005.
While most FRC teams are school established in the form of clubs which require fundraisers to support a multi-thousand dollar price tag, the FIRST Vex Challenge is more public and designed for people that do not wish to join such an expensive and generally school-oriented FRC team. The Vex robots offer greater control over robot design than FLL through the use of Erector Set style pieces. The Erector set style pieces provide less flexibility than FRC, but provide a transition for students from the FLL competition to the FRC competition.
The FIRST Vex Challenge Demonstration at the 2005 National Competition featured a 1/3 linear scale mock-up of the 2004 FRC Competition, FIRST Frenzy: Raising the Bar.
1988: First Cash Inc. is formed by John R. Payne.
1990: Rick Powell is hired as president.
1991: First Cash is taken public.
1993: Payne and four other board members resign to pursue other interests.
1995: Handguns are no longer sold.
1998: Check-cashing stores are added.
1999: First Cash enters Mexico.
Fnac Business Information, Profile, and History
Farmer Jack Supermarkets Business Information, Profile, and History
This web site and associated pages are not associated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by First Cash Financial Services, Inc. and has no official or unofficial affiliation with First Cash Financial Services, Inc..


Adam's thoughts on time, in Alien.
The Nostromo Unplugged: The Vents.
The Nostromo Unplugged update: AS-H takes us behind the scenes, with the chestbuster.
The Nostromo Unplugged: Bulkhead Door, Nostromo.
<INTERFACE 2037 READY FOR INQUIRY> One of my favorite deleted scenes from ALIEN is "Planning the Search." Continue reading "Planning the Search: ALIEN deleted scenes"
An insider's view of the Nostromo.


North county = from Lake Stevens north to the Skagit County line.
South county = from Everett south to the King County line.
View a list of completed projects.
View a list of projects by contractors, utility companies and Snohomish CountyPublic Works that are currently (or soon to be) affecting travel on roads in unincorporated Snohomish County.


If you're a fashionista or even a plain Jane girl from Nebraska you know you've been seeing these must have bags ALL over your IG feed. Personally Im obsessed! My closet is now a tad bit more crammed then before thanks to the new obsession with all these fun summer bags. Here's my favs that are perfect for each and every summer outfit.


Ronald Reagan was 26 years old when he arrived in Hollywood in 1937. His Midwestern identity was shaped in a world of family ties, homespun morality, and patriotism. However, his early years were not totally idyllic. His father's alcoholism was a continual source of family shame and anxiety.
Reagan attended Eureka College, where he played football and joined the student dramatic society. After college, his first success was as a radio sports announcer in Iowa. His genial personality, his belief in his own worth, and his refreshing optimism were traits helped make this initial success and were those that formed the basis of the persona that would soon begin appearing on motion picture screens throughout the country.
Reagan was given enough substantial film roles to establish his presence and gain recognition. His marriage to actress Jane Wyman was the kind of glamorous Hollywood romance that attracted the attention of the movie-going public, but he never evolved into a solid leading man that drew box-office appeal. Most of the time he was cast as the second male lead, or "the best friend." Even his most celebrated role, the ill-fatted Gipper, was part of a larger story: the biography of Rockne, the renowned Notre Dame coach, who was played by Pat O'Brien.
However, it was Reagan's film persona of the best friend that became the secret of his political success. He did not appeal to the voters as a lofty star beyond their reach, but as an old friend--warm and trusting.
Reagan's years in the film industry also gave him many anecdotes that he used to amuse his listeners during political discussions. Even after he became president he continued to draw upon material from his Hollywood reservoir.
Lots of Essays. "Ronald Reagan." LotsofEssays.com. LotsofEssays.com, (December 31, 1969). Web. 26 Apr. 2019.


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Rocks: film festival review
by Cyrus Pundole October 18, 2019
Rocks (12A) – Cambridge Film Festival
Cambridge Film Festival's opening night film Rocks is a triumph, forged on collaboration between the cast and its creative team.
A film about friendship, and how those bonds fluctuate among a group of Year 9 girls, Rocks, directed by Sarah Gavron (Suffragette, Brick Lane) and written by Theresa Ikoko and Claire Wilson, was made by a 75 per cent female crew.
The core cast, picked from London schools and youth hubs, workshopped with the filmmakers for nine months before they were shown an outline of the story, and the actors play their roles with a passion and commitment that oozes the strengths gained from this foundation.
Rocks is one of the girls. Shortly into the film, her mother leaves a note, saying that she will be gone for some time – with a few notes of money beside it. It leaves her with her much younger brother Emmanuel to look after.
From the support of her friends, before; a separation then occurs that, while unsurprisingly predictable, is powerful in its speed, simplicity and almost-documentary reality.
We have a window into parts of inner London life rarely seen on our screens, as these young women-of-the-future deal with harsh situations in a variety of ways, from despair to warmth.
The cast's humanity, conviction and portrayal of a story in a way that feels real to them is very evident; and makes Rocks a must-see.
Cyrus Pundole
The festival runs until 24 October cambridgefilmfestival.org.uk
Read our festival preview here
The Souvenir: film festival review
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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In Case You Missed It: Summer Streets Starts Tomorrow
Two words: Zip. Line. Photo: NYC DOT
Remember way back in 2008, when New York's inaugural Summer Streets dominated the news cycle? By the time August '09 rolled around, even Fox was on board.
With the first Saturday of its fifth season coming up tomorrow, Summer Streets is a lifestyle story — to the extent that it's still considered news at all. Consider today's preview in the Times, which is basically a summary of a DOT press release.
Not that the city isn't keeping it fresh. Summer Streets 2012 will include football, a climbing wall and the feature everyone seems to be talking about: a 160-foot-long zip line. And if you tire of seeing all those relaxed New Yorkers enjoying seven miles of car-free asphalt, a truck will be on display to offer a view from the driver's seat. Step up and watch the pedestrians disappear!
Park Avenue will be open to people from the Brooklyn Bridge to Central Park from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m. for three consecutive Saturdays.
Filed Under: Car-Free Streets, DOT
DOT Announces Summer Streets Photo Competition
By Brad Aaron | Aug 21, 2008
Given the heretofore undiscovered perspectives it affords, Summer Streets presents its share of photo opportunities. Making the most of them, the Department of Transportation is holding a contest for amateur shutterbugs to show off their best shots. From the Summer Streets Photo Competition press release: In addition to first prize and children's prizes, awards will […]
Streetfilms: NYC Summer Streets 2009
By Elizabeth Press | Aug 10, 2009
This past Saturday, New York City DOT and partners kicked off the second year of Summer Streets, a six-hour car-free event stretching from 72nd Street to the Brooklyn Bridge. DOT Commissioner Janette Sadik-Khan estimated that twice as many people visited the route compared to the first Summer Streets event last year. If you missed this […]
Wanted: Your Eyes on Your Streets
By Sarah Goodyear | Sep 22, 2009
Bikes on the Governors Island Ferry in New York City. Photo by Benjamin Running. We need your help. We want to see what you're seeing when you're out there on the streets of America, and we're going to be asking you to send us your pictures on specific themes in the weeks to come. This […]
Don't Forget That "Summer Streets" Starts Saturday
By Gersh Kuntzman | Aug 3, 2018
Oh, but wouldn't it be great if Manhattan was always car-free?
Bigger and Better: Brooklyn BP Wants Summer Streets Longer Than Manhattan
By Kevin Duggan | Nov 29, 2022
Spread Summer Streets, it's the Brooklyn way.
Sadik-Khan Announces Summer Streets 2012
By Brad Aaron | Jun 12, 2012
Summer Streets will return this August. NYC DOT Commissioner Janette Sadik-Khan today announced dates for the fifth iteration of the city's premier car-free event. Seven miles of Manhattan streets, from the Brooklyn Bridge to Central Park, will be open to pedestrians from 7 a.m. to 1 p.m. on August 4, 11 and 18. "For three […]


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Header Slider
The Talented Clementine
I've Got an Apple Pie in My Book Bag–featuring Lisa Loeb
The New Album Is Out!
Hawai'i Public Radio Interview
Piedmont Lifestyle Magazine Review
Video: What Kids Say About Kid Pan Alley
Recent Residencies Video
Press & Appreciation
The Kid Pan Alley Store
For Parents & Teachers
What's New / Blog
Just Imagine...
Kid Pan Alley's mission is to inspire and empower children to work together to become creators of their own music and to rekindle creativity as a core value in education through the group songwriting process.
To date, we've written over 2,700 songs with over 60,000 children across the country from Virginia to Hawaii. The songs are a sophisticated and powerful world-view as seen through the eyes of the children. Our songs have been recorded by artists including Amy Grant, Sissy Spacek, Delbert McClinton, Cracker, Kix Brooks, Nashville Chamber Orchestra, Corey Harris, Suzy Bogguss and many others. We've won numerous awards including Parents' Choice Gold Awards, a WAMMIE, and have received a Grammy nomination for one of our recordings.
Just Imagine that you are a child and your class writes a song with a professional songwriter … and that song is recorded by a world-class recording artist. You'd be changed forever – seeing yourself as a creator, not just a consumer of popular culture.
In addition to all the things you'd learn about creative writing, music, performance and the subjects you are writing about, you'd learn about teamwork, embracing diversity, collaboration and you'd discover a self-confidence you didn't know you had.
The new Kid Pan Alley musical The Talented Clementine runs May 31-June 9 in Arlington, VA and June 15 in Washington, VA. Check it out!
Give Local Piedmont: Thanks to your generosity and matching donations Kid Pan Alley won the Grand Prize of $2,500 at Give Local Piedmont on May 7th. We raised over $18,166 which was then matched by our board. With the Grand Prize, the match, and the bonuses we'll be very close to making our goal of $40,000. Thanks to all our friends, over 1,500 additional children will get a week of Kid Pan Alley residencies during the next school year!! Thank you so much.
Video: This Is Kid Pan Alley
What People Are Saying About Kid Pan Alley
"There is something truly inspiring about the new Kid Pan Alley CD. In fact, the album is inspiring in two ways. Kids will be inspired by the album's ten songs, which hold uplifting, positive messages about the virtues of friendship, diversity, and having a dream, as well as not being mean or a bully. The CD also inspires young listeners to express their creativity because the songs are all co-written by elementary students. Admirable and empowering, the CD aims to live up to its title: One Little Song Can Change The World." National Parent Product Awards in awarding KPA their award for audio products
"We are always looking for innovative ways to make the works of art feel more relevant. Kid Pan Alley's 'The Music of Art' program does just that. The songwriting process around these works opens up a world of visual literacy, curiosity, creativity, collaboration and confidence for the students, helping them develop personal and meaningful connections with the works and with each other. The results are pure magic." Sarah Durkee, Vice President of Public Education, Corcoran Gallery of Art
"From the first notes you are hooked by the joy that went into this project. It's an album as ageless as the community that has created it, and that rings true with just one listen…Music that can be enjoyed by the entire family." MetroKids Magazine, Philadelphia
"Feel-good songs, bluesy songs, funny songs and silly songs, big-hearted, I-know-how-you-feel songs: This beautifully produced CD is an all-inclusive celebration of creativity, shared experiences and new horizons." Parents' Choice Magazine
"When it comes to music for kids, Nashville couldn't produce better songwriters than, well . . . kids. Simply put, no one can capture the essence of Christmas in Tennessee, the fulfillment of curling up in front of your favorite cartoons or the pleasantly pungent aroma of stinky socks quite like a child can." The Tennessean, Nashville
"Children and adults alike will find themselves listening intently to every work of Kid Pan Alley's new album, 'One Little Song Can Change the World.' And for good reason. Each of this unique album's 10 songs, written with children, delivers a much-needed lesson about bullying and respect—respect for each other, the community, the environment, even a young songwriter's dog (despite the serious nature of its message, one can't help but smile while listening to this album)." John McCaslin, Rappahannock News
"Tidal Wave of Song is a veritable tsunami of homegrown music from Rappahannock County, Va. Wide-ranging, surprising and fun. But my favorite thing about the CD is that it is one of the most community-based projects I've ever heard. From start to finish it sings a song that could and should be lifted in every neighborhood, county and country: 'This is who we are!' I love it!" John McCutcheon, Grammy nominee
"'One Little Song Can Change the World,' and you will believe it afresh after listening to this new recording from Kid Pan Alley. The songs carry the insightful and foresightful truths of young artistic spirits, and the music is a sharp, clear, clever, beautiful embodiment of these wise-before-their-years young writers. It is often said that Kid Pan Alley inspires students—it isn't just students who come away from this work inspired." Eric Booth, actor and author of "The Music Teaching Artist's Bible" and "The Every Day Work of Art." Professor at Julliard & Stanford University—considered the father of the teaching artist profession.
"The ten songs feature gorgeous lead vocals by performers such as Jevon McGlory, Lea Morris and Ysaye Barnwell that are often backed by a talented children's chorus. Lush instrumentation accompanies the lyrics about bullying, friendship, loving yourself, and supporting others. VERDICT Important messages to be shared with children of all ages." School Library Journal
"As an elementary school educator, I'm a big fan of opportunities for children to create and write in a collaborative setting. And as a music journalist, I'm an even a bigger fan of Paul Reisler, and Kid Pan Alley's 'I Used to Know the Names of All the Stars.' There's not a weak link in this chain of 18 splendid kid-penned tunes but I'm particularly smitten by the lovely "Who Said Love" and the wise guy humor of 'My Dog Did My Homework.' " Bill Craig, Richmond Times-Dispatch
"The Nashville Kid Pan Alley CD has not left my car CD player since I first received it. Kids of all ages love it. The songwriting of the school children along with adult songwriters is so incredibly disarming." Amy Grant, Grammy award winner
"Magnificent; honest, transformational lyrics with groove that pulls out all the stops. Kid Pan Alley's latest group of songs written with elementary school students makes us know our future is in good hands. With the Kid Pan Alley experience in their pockets, these children know to the core how to express ideas, how to collaborate, and best of all, that they are creators of awesome songs." Art of the Song Creativity Radio
"Paul Reisler has tapped into the creative powers of kids, inspiring and empowering them, and lighting a new fire in the artists that get the privilege of working with them." Lari White, Grammy nominee
"Reisler's talents are many and his creativity, vast. Not too many people can do what he can do, bring the spirit of music and creating to new generations, opening up one of the most important doors there is. He is a national treasure." Robert Fritz, composer, filmmaker and best-selling author of "Creating" and "The Path of Least Resistance"
"The Kid Pan Alley project is a great concept, to be sure. But the end result is even more impressive. Kids' music that is exactly that: Music for-and by-kids. The songs are written with a charming honesty and whimsy that only children can create…Unquestionably the most original kids' CD I've heard all year." Kenny Curtis, XM Satellite Radio
"'One Little Song Can Change the World' is a joyous children's music album, featuring original songs co-written by students in ten different schools and Kid Pan Alley founder/artistic director Paul Reisler. A range of vocal and music styles add variety to this delightful and inspiring album, brimming with positive messages and hope for the future. Highly recommended, both for family and public library children's music collections." Midwest Book Review
"Kid Pan Alley is the quintessential program for helping kids to experience their creative power, their voice, and their own self-expression. This is the kind of experience that changes lives." Kathy Mattea, Grammy award winner
"Kid Pan Alley is where creativity starts. Without this amazing program, most kids will never know the joy of writing and singing their own song." Dr. Ysaye M. Barnwell, Sweet Honey in the Rock
"Where have you people been all my life??? I got the CD 'Tidal Wave of Song,' and it made my day ... Frankly, I was despairing of finding anything good to write about this month and was reaching back to some of last year's favorites (Grammy-nominated). I put your CD in the player, and my only problem is what to play first on Kids Corner. I love this CD. It is quite amazing." Kathy O'Connell, WXPN-FM, Philadelphia
"There is nothing more helpful to a developing human than to learn how to express feelings in sound. Kid Pan Alley is a fabulous way of bringing young people into the loop of reflective behavior, of constructive action. Power to the organizers of this remarkable initiative." Maestro Lorin Maazel, Music Director, NY Philharmonic, Castleton Festival
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/*
 * Lista 4
 * 5 - Fibonacci
 * 5fibonacci.h
 * Hugo F S Sadok Menna Barreto
 */

#ifndef FIBONACCI_CLASS_H
#define FIBONACCI_CLASS_H

using namespace std;

class Fibonacci{
	public:
		Fibonacci();
		void setNumero(unsigned numeroSetado);
		unsigned getResultado();

	private:
		unsigned resultado, numero;
		void calculaFibonacci();
};

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Page Links: https://dipr.mizoram.gov.in/post/address-of-the-honble-governor-of-mizoram-prof-jagdish-mukhi-to-the-second-session-of-the-eighth-legislative-assembly-of-mizoram-on-12th-march-2019p
ADDRESS OF THE HON'BLE GOVERNOR OF MIZORAM PROF JAGDISH MUKHI TO THE SECOND SESSION OF THE EIGHTH LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF MIZORAM ON 12th March, 2019
Hon'ble Speaker and Hon'ble Members,
1. It gives me great pleasure to address you at the commencement of the 2nd session of the 8th Legislative Assembly of Mizoram. I would like to take this opportunity to convey my sincere greetings and warm wishes to this August House and the people of Mizoram.
2. I am sure that under able leaders like you, Mizoram will continue on its path of lasting peace, economic prosperity and all round development despite challenges that face us from time to time. I am convinced that with your tireless efforts and your vision for the state and its people, Mizoram will one day take its place as one of the most developed and progressive states in the country.
3. Before this august Assembly, I would like to reiterate my Government's commitment towards providing efficient, responsive, responsible, accountable and transparent administration at all levels of governance. My Government's vision is to be economically self-sufficient and self reliant; to usher agricultural and infrastructural growth, and to bring about industrial development, especially through the use of our abundant bamboo resources, as well as to empower our youth through skill development and entrepreneurship programmes and sports.
4. I would also like to take this opportunity, to once again commend and appreciate the people's active participation in the electoral process last year. The people's mandate for change is a reaffirmation of our strong democratic aspirations and processes.
5. My Government will very soon embark on a fresh development path as per the new Flagship Programme - Socio-Economic Development Policy (SEDP). SEDP will accelerate progress and growth in all key sectors where the state has tremendous potentials. The objective of the Policy is to transform Mizoram into a truly Welfare State which is self-reliant, and its development both inclusive and sustainable and where governance is transparent and participatory. In this respect, SEDP puts forward a holistic approach for Political & Administrative Policy, Economic Development Policy and Social Development Policy. An apex body will soon be constituted for coordination of all developmental works in the State. 14 Committees have been notified encompassing various socio-economic sectors which are tasked with prioritizing and formulating action plans for developmental works in their respective sectors in collaboration with the concerned Departments. SEDP, unlike earlier programmes of previous governments, will not be given as doles but as a hand-holding support on the viability of projects and feasibility of livelihood income generation.
6. My Government accords top priority to the maintenance of law and order, and protection of the peaceful atmosphere of the state. Towards this end, all steps will be taken to ensure that we continue to remain one of the most peaceful states in the country. During 2018, we have been fortunate that no major incidences of law and order problems were reported. This has been largely due to the dedication and tireless efforts of Mizoram Police. It is the resolve of my government that Mizoram Police will continue to be strengthened with better infrastructure and modern equipments, manpower and trainings. Stringent measures will be taken to protect our state borders, and welfare schemes for the development of people residing in border areas will be given due importance. Measures will be taken for maintenance of Mizoram Household Register to safeguard the interest of citizens living in border areas and other parts of the state.
The long cherished dream of the people of Mizoram to see the shifting of Assam Rifles Battalion Headquarters from the heart of Aizawl will soon be a reality. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India has directed Assam Rifles to shift their Battalion Headquarters from Aizawl to their new location at Zokhawsang by 31 May 2019. Our dream of developing these areas for public purposes will see the light of day. Following a decision of the Council of Ministers the name of Mizoram New Capital Complex (MINECO) has been restored from New Secretariat Complex.
7. My Government understands that Agriculture has been the single most important source of livelihood of the rural masses, contributing to about 30 percent of Gross State Domestic Product. It is an important sector for food security, employment generation and economic growth. Since a large work force of our state are engaged in agricultural and allied activities, targeted development of agriculture and allied sectors will be a core priority of my Government. Improving the marketing aspect of agricultural produce by increasing physical market infrastructure and protecting the general interest of farmers will be accorded importance as well. Horticulture, fisheries, veterinary and animal husbandry and sericulture activities which are key means of livelihood will be given renewed attention. Link roads are an important aspect of agriculture in a hilly terrain like ours. The total length of Potential Area Connectivity (PAC) constructed so far is 786 kilometres. This connectivity will help boost the production of rice and other crops. Thirty (30) Custom Hiring Centres (CHC) which have been established have helped increase mechanization of agriculture activities.
Focus will be given on scientific and modern systems of agriculture and farming suited to our land use and environment and on technology transfer to farmers. Emphasis will also be laid on organic farming. Capacity building, trainings and demonstrations for farmers will also be enhanced.
8. My Government recognizes the need for development, construction and maintenance of infrastructure in the State, among which road infrastructure is the most important. In a hill state like ours, improving road connectivity has been a major challenge. My government is committed to leave no stone unturned to improve the quality of all roads and to ensure better road networks and connectivity with neighbouring states. Improvements of all projects under the Road sector are being prioritised. Innovations and new practices in road technology will be incorporated wherever possible.
During 2018-19, 10 numbers of formation cutting of roads with a length of 86.00 kilometres with an estimated cost of Rs.78.07 crores and 20 numbers of blacktopped roads with a total length of 139.00 kilometres with an estimated cost of Rs.213.37 crores and 4 bridges with an estimated cost of Rs. 36.22 crores have been completed. There are 102 numbers of on-going road projects with a total length of 1770.00 kilometres amounting to Rs. 1266.86 crores. 27 numbers of permanent bridges amounting to Rs.163.05 crores for replacement of temporary bridges are also being taken up with funds from different agencies. During the current financial year 83 numbers of buildings were taken up with an estimated cost of Rs. 465.38 crores, out of which 21 have been completed and 62 buildings are in progress. Widening of two major traffic junctions of Aizawl City i.e. Vaivakawn Junction and Bawngkawn Junction has resulted in smooth flow of vehicular traffic for both vehicles and commuters.
9. My Government will endeavour to make the state self-reliant in power and energy, with special emphasis on additional power generation through renewable sources of energy like solar and other renewable energy. Efforts will be made for improving efficiency in generation, transmission and distribution of power.
Mizoram has become the first among the states of North East India to successfully complete implementation of SAUBHAGYA (Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana) with a target of 25755 household electrification. Two major works - Construction of 33kV S/S line on D/C tower from Kau Tlabung Small Hydel Project to Thenhlum S/S at an estimated cost of Rs. 782.00 lakhs and Construction of 2x6.3MVA, 132/33kV sub-station at Mamit with associated tower line upto Zawlnuam via Zamuang at an estimated cost of Rs. 4033.84 lakhs will be undertaken during the next financial year. During 2017-18, the revenue collection by the Power and Electricity Department amounted to Rs. 213.10 crores which was 7 per cent higher than the previous year. During the current financial year, revenue collection is expected to increase by 10 per cent due to introduction of new tariff and efficiency improvements.
10. My Government will continue to work in all earnestness to provide safe and adequate drinking water supply to each household and also in making Mizoram the'Cleanest State in India' In this regard, the Public Health Engineering Department (PHED) has provided 4,235 house water connections and has targeted 54 habitations to be covered during the year 2018-2019 out of which 37 habitations have been covered. Mizoram has been declared as the 13th Open Defecation Free (ODF) State in the country after successful construction of 30,067 toilets as targeted. 1st State Level ODF verification has been completed in all districts and 2nd Level ODF Verification is in progress. Concerted efforts have to be taken to make ODF sustainable through various participatory programmes. During the financial year 2018-19, up to January 2019, an amount of Rs. 3,667.146 lakhs has been collected as revenue from House Water Connections.
11. My Government realizes that education is one of the pillars on which the foundations of a progressive and democratic society is laid. A well thought out policy and an efficient system that provides good education to students will go a long way in preparing young minds for their journey into the ever increasingly competitive world we live in today. The School Education Department and Department of Higher & Technical Education play an important role towards the achievement of this goal.
My government is committed to bringing about education reforms to improve quality of education at all levels of learning. School timings have been notified to suit our social life and culture which will be in effect from the new academic session. Emphasis will be given towards improvement of infrastructures, rationalisation of teachers and efforts will be taken to introduce various welfare schemes for students and teachers working under Central Sponsored Schemes (CSS), Government-aided schools, Church and privately run schools.
Construction of Mizoram Engineering College, Pukpui has been completed and was inaugurated by the Hon'ble Prime Minister last month via video conferencing. Classes are expected to start in selected branches this year. Upgradation of existing 4 colleges to model degree colleges amounting to Rs. 16 crores and Infrastructure Grants for 13 colleges amounting to Rs. 26 crores will be undertaken during the next financial year.
12. My Government is committed to improving, expanding and strengthening of healthcare facilities and key infrastructures. I am glad to inform the Hon'ble Members that our ratio of health institutions per population is one of the best in the country. In order to achieve universal health coverage, providing affordable and accessible health care to all, will continue to be a priority. Centrally sponsored healthcare programmes and schemes will continue to be implemented with renewed vigour with contribution of state matching share on time.
13. My Government will increase focus on improving all facets of urban life. Given the fact that more than half of our population lives in urban areas, until and unless our urban development is enhanced, our growth story will not be complete. Feasibility Study for improvement and enhancing of the existing roads of Aizawl City is being undertaken for which the Chief Minister himself undertook a preliminary survey. The recently launched Parking House Support Scheme (PAHOSS) envisions decongestion of road and traffic through provision of assistance scheme for construction of parking space. To develop Aizawl into a Smart City under the Smart Cities Mission, a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) called Aizawl Smart City Limited is now functional for implementation of varied features of the Mission. In the coming years, through a grant of Rs. 500 crores, of which Rs. 53 crores has been released, Aizawl will get a complete facelift in various aspects. Measures will be taken to strengthen Aizawl Municipal Corporation. My Government will put in serious efforts to make the best use of the various Schemes of the Central Government and also augment them through available resources of the state to address urban challenges, we face today.
At the same time, rural development and poverty alleviation will be a key priority area since development will not be inclusive, if the pace of development is not the same in rural areas. Towards this end, various rural development and poverty alleviation schemes and programmes under the Central government will continue to be implemented in all earnestness to remove poverty and improve quality of life in rural areas through employment generation, provision of training to rural unemployed youth and creation of basic social and economic infrastructures.
14. My Government realizes the importance of preserving our environment not only for the present generation, but also for future ones and the dangers that Climate Change and Global Warming pose towards the environment. Economic growth at the expense of the environment is not what this State and this country need but rather a synergy between the two. As a result, several programmes/schemes have been executed by the Government to preserve and expand the existing forest cover. Revision of State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) is expected to be completed this month. Special impetus will be laid on bamboo plantations through the National Bamboo Mission so that maximum benefits can accrue to the state.
15. Mizoram has been ranked the most improved state among small states in the field of entrepreneurship in India. My Government will give priority to ensure that opportunities are open for the youth to excel in various professional and vocational fields with necessary incentives and capacity building programmes. Entrepreneurship and self-employment will be encouraged for which necessary training and awareness programmes on skill development will be given priority.
16. My Government will take various measures for the promotion of industries and industrial activity in the State. In keeping with Act East Policy, Border Trade with Myanmar and Bangladesh will be vigorously pursued so that Mizoram can benefit economically.
17. My Government understands that for an agricultural and non-industrial based economy like ours, tourism has a tremendous potential in generating revenue and in employment generation. Efforts to place Mizoram as a preferred tourist destination in the domestic and international circuit will be undertaken in a focussed manner. Rural tourism can help rural economy and special emphasis will be laid to encourage community participation in tourism activities.Steps will be taken for opening the State Institute of Hotel Management.
18. The Government is committed to preserve and promote Mizo identity, tradition and values. This Government will endeavour to work for the unity and brotherhood of all Mizo people living within India and across the globe within our constitutional framework.
19. My Government will continue to accord priority to the Sports sector. Steps will be taken for framing Mizoram Sports Policy on a priority basis. The Department of Sports & Youth Services will take steps to organize the Mizoram State Games in line with the National Games and the Khelo Youth Games. In the 2nd Edition of Khelo India Games held in Pune during January 2019, Mizoram secured the 16th position which is a significant improvement when it was ranked 24th last year.
20. My Government envisions maximization of citizen centric services using Information Communication Technology as a medium of better governance. Stress will be laid on further improving the Government's administrative processes, service delivery mechanisms and adding more public services online through adoption of ICT services. Mizoram Telecom Infrastructure Policy 2019 is being framed in line with the policy guidelines of the Government of India to address the problems of rural connectivity. The Department intends to transform all of the Government's manual transactions into digital form for which all public services will be made available online.
21. My Government will give priority to providing welfare programmes and services to the weaker and vulnerable sections of the society. The menace of drug abuse and drug trafficking which has assumed alarming proportion in our State is one the Government recognizes with all seriousness. Measures will be taken to eradicate these social evils. In this regard, the bill to repeal The Mizoram Liquor (Control & Prohibition) Act, 2014 which has been implemented since 15th January, 2015 will be tabled during this session. All-out efforts will be taken for combating trafficking of women and children, juvenile delinquency and rehabilitations as well as restoration programmes through network of residential homes and non-institutional services in partnership with civil society.
22. Efforts to facilitate equitable distribution of foodstuffs to the public thereby ensuring food security for the people of Mizoram will continue to be made despite financial constraints and limited allocation of subsidized foodstuff by the Central Government. Towards strengthening of Legal Metrology, construction of Working Standard Laboratories at Kolasib, Chawngte, Tlabung Hnahthial and Aizawl are in progress while Calibration Centre for Tank Lorry at Kolasib will be completed soon.
23. Since the economy of Mizoram is chiefly agriculture-driven and non-industrial, it has a smaller tax revenue base than many other states. In this regard, I would like to highlight some of our revenue collections. For the financial year 2018-2019, upto January 2019, the Taxation Department has accrued revenue collection of Rs. 45,396.17 lakhs while in comparision the figures for 2017-18 stood at Rs.40,513.67 lakhs. The Transport Department has collected revenue to the tune of Rs. 3175.25 lakhs till the end of December 2018 for the financial year 2018-19. The revenue earned during the same period by the Tourism Department stands at Rs. 219.69 lakhs. The total collection of revenue from lottery business up to February 2019 is Rs. 552.98 lakhs during the current financial year. In the same manner Geology and Mineral Resources Department has a revenue collection of Rs. 484.42 lakhs from April 2018 to January 2019.
Steps need to be taken to widen our revenue sources and increase revenue collection since such measures will contribute to the strengthening of the State's economic condition.
24. While we are witnessing positive signs indicative of growth and progress it is imperative to sustain this development with strong determination and tireless efforts. I urge all the elected people's representatives to discharge their solemn responsibilities in a spirit of mutual cooperation so that our growth and development is inclusive of all sections of people. I would like to remind this august gathering about our responsibility and commitment to the electorate and make all efforts to observe financial propriety, transparency and accountability to the public.
25. Hon'ble Members, I have presented summary of my Government's achievements, policies, programmes and its vision. These are in no way exhaustive, as they are only brief highlights. I believe more details will be spelt out in the course of your deliberations in the present Session, and I hope that all of you will be actively participating in the deliberations dispassionately to build a better future for Mizoram and its people.
26. I convey my best wishes to all of you once again, and I wish your deliberations every success.
KA LAWM E
Written by: Pratap Chhetri, MIS, IPRO Dated: 12th Mar 19 3:29 PM
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The Lives of Dr. John Donne, Sir Henry Wotton, Richard Hooker, George ...
作者:Izaak Walton, Thomas Zouch
fruits of the spirit; there being in him such a remarkable meekness, that as St. Paul advised his Timothy in the election of a Bishop, " That he have a good report of those that be without ;"* so had he : for those that were without, even those that in point of Religion were of the Roman persuasion,—of which there were very many in his Diocese,-did yet—such is the Power of visible piety-ever look upon him with respect and reverence, and testified it by a concealing, and safe protecting him from death in the late horrid rebellion in Ireland, when the fury of the wild Irish knew no distinction of persons: and yet, there and then he was protected and cherished by those of a contrary persuasion ; and there and then he died, not by violence or misusage, but by grief in a quiet prison (1629). And with him was lost many of his learned writings which were thought worthy of preservation ; and amongst the rest was lost the Bible, which by many years labour, and conference, and study, he had translated into the Irish tongue, with an intent to have printed it for public use.
More might be said of Mr. Bedel, who, I told the Reader, was Sir Henry Wotton's first Chaplain; and much of his second Chaplain, Isaac Bargrave,t Doctor in Divinity, and the late learned and hospitable Dean of Canterbury; as also of the merits of many others, that had the happiness to attend Sir Henry in his foreign employments : but the Reader may think that in this di'gression I have already carried him too far from Eton College, and therefore I shall lead him back as gently and as orderly as I may to that place, for a further conference concerning Sir Henry Wotton.
Sir Henry Wotton had proposed to himself, before he entered into his Collegiate life, to write the Life of Martin Luther, and in it the History of the Reformation, as it was carried on in Germany: for the doing of which he had many advantages by his several Embassies into those parts, and his interest in the several Princes of the Empire; by whose means he had access to the
* 1 Tim. jii. 7.
+ Dean of Canterbury, born at Bridge, in Kent, in 1586, and educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge. He was fined 10001. at the commencement of the Civil Wars, for being a member of the Convocation; and, in 1642, Colonel Sandys, whom he had saved from execution, threw him into the Fleet, which caused his death in January, 1643.
Records of all the Hans Towns, and the knowledge of many secret passages that fell not under common view; and in these he had made a happy progress, as was well known to his worthy friend Dr. Duppa, the late reverend Bishop of Salisbury. But in the midst of this design, his late Majesty King Charles the First, that knew the value of Sir Henry Wotton's pen, did, by a persuasive loving violence—to which may be added a promise of 5001. a yearforce him to lay Luther aside, and betake himself to write the history of England; in which he proceeded to write some short characters of a few Kings, as a foundation upon which he meant to build ; but for the present, meant to be more large in the story of Henry the Sixth, the Founder of that College, in which he then enjoyed all the worldly happiness of his present being. But Sir Henry died in the midst of this undertaking, and the footsteps of his labours are not recoverable by a more than common dili.
gence.*
This is some account both of his inclination and the employ. ment of his time in the College, where he seemed to have his youth renewed by a continual conversation with that learned society, and a daily recourse of other friends of choicest breeding and parts; by which that great blessing of a cheerful heart was still maintained; he being always free, even to the last of his days, from that peevishness which usually attends age.
And yet his mirth was sometimes damped by the remembrance of divers old debts, partly contracted in his foreign employments, for which his just arrears due from the King would have made satisfaction: but being still delayed with Court-promises, and finding some decays of health, he did, about two years before his death, out of a Christian desire that none should be a loser by him, make his last Will; concerning which a doubt still remains, namely, whether it discovered more holy wit, or conscionable policy. But there is no doubt but that his chief design, was a Christian endeavour that his debts might be satisfied.
And that it may remain as such a testimony, and a legacy to those that loved him, I shall here impart it to the reader, as it was found written with his own hand.
* The passages from," for I shall here make a little stop" in page 148 to this place were not in the first edition.
"In the name of God Almighty and All-merciful, I Henry Wotton, Provost of his Majesty's College by Eton, being mindful of mine own mortality, which the sin of our first parents did bring upon all flesh, do by this last Will and Testament thus dispose of myself, and the poor things I shall leave in this world. My Soul I bequeath to the Inimortal God my Maker, Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, my blessed Redeemer and Mediator, through his all sole-sufficient satisfaction for the sins of the whole world, and efficient for his elect; in the number of whom I am one by his mere grace, and thereof most unremoveably assured by his Holy Spirit, the true eternal Comforter. My body I bequeath to the earth, if I shall end my transitory days, at or near Eton, to be buried in the Chapel of the said College, as the Fellows shall dispose thereof, with whom I have lived—my God knows-in all loving affection; or if I shall die near Bocton Malherbe, in the County of Kent, then I wish to be laid in that Parish Church, as near as may be to the sepulchre of my good father, expecting a joyful resurrection with him in the day of Christ."
After this account of his faith, and this surrender of his soul to that God that inspired it, and this direction for the disposal of his body, he proceeded to appoint that his Executors should lay over his grave a marble stone, plain, and not costly: and considering that time moulders even marble to dust,—for—*Monuments them. selves must die; therefore did he—waving the common waythink fit rather to preserve his name—to which the son of Sirach adviseth all men--by a useful Apophthegm, than by a large enumeration of his descent or merits, of both which he might justly have boasted ; but he was content to forget them, and did choose only this prudent, pious sentence to discover his disposition, and preserve his memory.
It was directed by him to be thus inscribed ;
Hic jacet hujus Sententiæ primus Author :
DISPUTANDI PRURITUS
ECCLESIARUM
SCABIES.
Nomen alias quære.
* Juven. Sat. x. 146
Which may be Englished thus:
Here lies the first Author of this sentence:
THE ITCH OF DISPUTATION WILL PROVE
THE SCAB OF THE CHURCH.
Inquire his Name elsewhere.
But grant,
And if any shall object, as I think some have, that Sir Henry Wotton was not the first author of this sentence: but that this, or a sentence like it, was long before his time ; to him I answer, that Solomon says, " Nothing can be spoken, that hath not been spoken ; for there is no new thing under the sun. that in his various reading he had met with this, or a like sentence, yet reason mixed with charity should persuade all Readers to believe, that Sir Henry Wotton's mind was then so fixed on that part of the communion of Saints which is above, that an holy lethargy did surprise his memory. For doubtless, if he had not believed himself to be the first author of what he said, he was too prudent first to own, and then expose it to public view and censure of every critic. And questionless it will be charity in all Readers to think his mind was then so fixed on Heaven, that a holy zeal did transport him; and that, in this sacred ecstacy, his thoughts were then only of the Church Triumphant, into which he daily expected his admission ; and that Almighty God was then pleased to make him a Prophet, to tell the Church Militant, and particularly that part of it in this nation, where the weeds of controversy grow to be daily both more numerous and more destructive to humble piety; and where men have consciences that boggle at ceremonies, and yet scruple not to speak and act such sins as the ancient humble Christians believed to be a sin to think; and where, our reverend Hooker says, " former simplicity, and softness of spirit, is not now to be found, because Zeal hath drowned Charity, and Skill, Meekness." It will be good to think, that these sad changes, have proved this Epitaph to be a useful caution unto us of this nation; and the sad effects thereof in Germany have proved it to be a mournful truth.
This by way of observation concerning his Epitaph ; the rest of his Will follows in his own words :
"Further, I the said Henry Wotton, do constitute and ordain to be joint Executors of this my last Will and Testament, my two grand-nephews, Albert Morton, second son to Sir Robert Morton, Knight, late deceased, and Thomas Bargrave, eldest son to Dr. Bargrave, Dean of Canterbury, husband to my right virtuous and only Niece. And I do pray the foresaid Dr. Bargrave, and Mr. Nicholas Pey, my most faithful and chosen friends, together with Mr. John Harrison,* one of the Fellows of Eton College, best acquainted with my books, and pictures, and other utensils, to be Supervisors of this my last Will and Testament. And I do pray the foresaid Dr. Bargrave, and Mr. Nicholas Pey, to be solicitors for such arrearages as shall appear due unto me from his Maj. esty's Exchequer at the time of my death; and to assist my forenamed Executors in some reasonable and conscientious satisfaction of my creditors, and discharge of my legacies now specified; or that shall be hereafter added unto this my Testament, by any Codicil or Schedule, or left in the hands, or in any memorial with the aforesaid Mr. John Harrison. And first, to my most dear Sovereign and Master, of incomparable goodness,-in whose gracious opinion I have ever had some portion, as far as the interest of a plain honest man—I leave four pictures at large of those Dukes of Venice, in whose time I was there employed, with their names written on the back side, which hang in my great ordinary Dining room, done after the life by Edoardo Fialetto: likewise a table of the Venetian College, where Ambassadors had their audience, hanging over the mantle of the chimney in the said room, done by the same hand, which containeth a draught in little, well resembling the famous Duke Leonardo Donato, in a time which needed a wise and constant man. Item. The picture of a Duke of Venice, hanging over against the door, done either by Titiano, or some other principal hand, long before my time. Most humbly
* Elected Fellow of Eton College, October 28th, 1636. He was probably that "learned and eminent Divine," whom Anthony Wood mentions as the Author of " A Vindication of the Holy Scriptures, or the Manifestation of Jesus Christ, the true Messiah already come." Lond. 1656. 8vo.


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Master Henry Plee
Henry Plee was a French martial artist who is considered as the 'father of European and French karate'. He was one of the rare 10th dan karate masters living outside of Japan, and one of the few Westerners who held this rank. At the time of his death, Plée was also the oldest and highest karate ranking Westerner alive, with more than 60 years of fighting arts, including 50 in martial arts. He was a pioneer in introducing karate to France and Europe, and has taught most of today's highest ranking karate masters in Europe.
Henry Plée was born in Arras, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France on 24 May 1923. His studies were interrupted by World War II in 1940.
An only son, Henry Plée started his sports career with gymnastics, weight lifting, French savate, English Boxing, Greco-Roman wrestling, Ju Jutsu, and Fencing with his father Alcide Plée, who was a sword master since 1912. He diversified into judo in 1945 at the 'Judo Club de France', Mikonosuke Kawaishi's second club. He was the 96th French black belt and is now ranked 5th dan at judo.
Physically, he demonstrated very powerful kicks and punches. So from 1946, he returned to French savate, also known as French kickboxing, at the club 'Banville' (the only remaining club at that time). He trained with famous fighters such as Rigal, Pierre Plasait, Cayron, and Pierre Baruzy. Despite the high training quality, he was still feeling the need to go stronger and deeper, and was still looking for something else.
He discovered aikido with Minoru Mochizuki, then karate from an article in Life magazine with Fukuda Rikutaro, his Judo Kodokan magazine's translator. Fukuda Rikutaro confided in him that he learnt karate in Tokyo with Gichin Funakoshi. This was the start of his karate career in 1953, with help from Donn Draeger in Japan.
Door entrance to the dojo at 34 rue de la Montagne Sainte-Geneviève
In 1955 he founded his dojo: the Karate Club de France (KCF), which became Académie française des Arts Martiaux (AFAM), which became 'Shobudo', also known as 'The Mountain/ La Montagne' (in French) or as 'Dojo de la Montagne Sainte-Geneviève' in Paris. It is the oldest karate dojo in Europe, which has won 32 French, Europe, and world championships since its creation.
Here he taught the four pillars of Japanese Martial Arts: karate, judo, aikido, and kendo. Plée instructed many black belts who, at a later stage, became the foundation of the European karate institutions, and are today some of the highest ranking karate masters in Europe.
He frequently traveled to Japan. There he met with and learnt from some of the most famous karate masters of all styles. He invited many of them to visit him in France. He even financed the visit to France of many Japanese and Chinese martial arts experts. They taught at the Shobudo, where the secrets of karate were being unveiled to Europe.
In 1956, he founded the 'French Federation of Karate and Boxing' (Fédération Française de Karaté et de Boxe Libre), which became part of the 'French Federation of Judo and Associated Disciplines' (Fédération française de Judo et Disciplines Associées - FFJDA) in 1960. Under his influence, the creation in 1966 of the 'European Union of Karate' (Union Européenne de Karaté), showed an independence of karate from the judo federations, and the decision of not favoring any karate style over another. He also served as a Technical Advisor to the 'European Karate Federation (EKF)', and as its General Secretary in 1967.
For 21 years (1950–1971) he financed and published the first bilingual (French/ English) karate magazine named Budo Magazine Europe. He also published another magazine named Judo Kodokan, which was a translation of the Japanese magazine of the Tokyo Kodokan. He wrote books, and appeared in the movie La Vie, l'amour, la mort.
He owns at 'The Mountain' the most comprehensive private Martial Arts library available in Europe. Also located there is his Martial Arts store named 'Budostore', which offers equipments, books, videos, and DVDs. Henry Plée heads a very exclusive European think-tank on Martial Arts, which studies the essence and spirituality of Martial Arts, and he regularly publishes his chronicles on-line.
From 200 karate practitioners in 1961, Henry Plée's efforts have led today to more than 200,000 practitioners in France. The French government considers him as one of the greatest international experts in Martial Arts, and has knighted Plée with the French Ordre national du Mérite in 2008.
Karate & Arputha Yoga Classes


"What happens when science goes wrong?" asks psychology professor Kevin Dunbar. He studies how scientists approach the unexpected and learn from mistakes. Over the course of a year, Dunbar's team examined the habits of four molecular biology labs. Watch his talk to discover their findings, including the surprising characteristics of successful labs.
The familiar story is that scientists get an unexpected finding, explain it by discussing a similar finding, and then use that analogy as a way to determine what went wrong. Labs that were not progressing tended to stick to local analogies – using e. coli findings to explain e. coli findings, for example – while more successful labs tended to use long-distance analogies – Dunbar used the example of Nobel Prize winner Francois Jacob getting the idea for genetic sequencing from looking at his child's toy train.


text:
Paul "Ed" Lievers
Cottage Hills 01/09/2021
Paul "Ed" Lievers, 73, passed away at 8:19pm on Saturday, January 9, 2021, at his residence. He was born on November 12, 1947, in Cottage Hills, the son of the late James (Harley) and Beulah (King) Lievers.
He married the former Cathy Mayberry on December 21, 1974, in Cottage Hills, and she survives. Other survivors include a son: Matthew Lievers of Rosewood Heights, two sisters and a brother in law: Maxine Hutton of Cottage Hills, Patricia (Trinket) and Gene (Tom) Johnson of Hardin, Kentucky, many nieces, nephews, and other extended family and friends.
Ed was employed as an operator at the Clark Refinery until 2002. He then went to work at Affton Chemical in Sauget for seven years. He was a veteran of the United States Army where he served in Vietnam. He was a lifetime member of the Cottage Hills VFW Post 7678.
In addition to his parents, he was preceded in death by two sisters: Nadine, Christine, and three brothers: Eugene, Wayne, and Leland.
In celebration of his life, a private visitation will be held on Thursday, January 14, 2021, at Pitchford Funeral Home in Wood River. Private funeral services will be held on Friday, January 15, 2021, at the funeral home. Pastor Dennis Laughlin will officiate.
Burial will follow at Fosterburg Cemetery in Fosterburg with full military honors by the Ritual Team of VFW Post 1308 of Alton. Due to the current Covid – 19 restrictions, face masks will be required and social distancing guidelines will be followed.
Memorials are suggested to the American Cancer Society Relay for Life Riverbend and will be accepted at the funeral home.
Online guestbook available at www.pitchfordfuneralhome.com.
Obit Provided By:
Pitchford Funeral Home
Vera Vernita Woolsey
Frank Edward Aldridge Sr.
Current and Past obituaries for Alton Illinois, Godfrey, Wood River, Jerseyville and other surrounding cites.


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At Nutrien, our purpose is to grow our world from the ground up. As the world's largest provider of crop inputs, services and solutions, Nutrien plays a critical role in feeding the future by helping growers to increase food production in a sustainable manner. We're moving the agriculture industry and the world forward – today and for generations to come.
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Happy Release Day to me! Yay!
He Could Be the One is out in the world, y'all!
Quinn Sommers and Lance Donovan have been hot for each other since the day they met at her sister's back fence.
After noting his slick womanizing ways, she vowed not to become another notch on this arrogant charmer's bedpost.
Quinn has resisted Lance for well over a year. Constant bickering—driving each other, family, and mutual friends plumb crazy— failed to quash the sexual tension crackling between them.
After much flip-flopping, I've finally made a decision on the cover for my upcoming release, He Could Be the One. You see, I have two covers I love.
Reese, the heroine in WTML, is a cupcake baker so the cover features one. This is one of my favorite covers, by the way.


Since climbing the Standard East Face of the Third Flatiron I had been eyeing the North Arete of the First Flatiron with its jagged, castle-like profile. The North Arete was said to be four pitches of 5.4 and as a bonus you could reach the North Arete via the three pitches of the East Face North Side Route rated at 5.2. It sounded like a great day out!
After choosing the route it was time to drum up some partners. Julie was excited to give it a go and we thought it would be fun to do it with another team of summitpost.org members. I shot a note over to Fabio to see if he could recruit a fourth. One thing led to another with climbers dropping in and out and a last minute scramble to find replacements. When it came down to the morning of the climb it was just Fabio and myself. Julie got sick and others got scared of by the light dusting of snow Green Mountain got the night before.
Fabio and I weren't about to let a little thing like cold or snow stop us. Although Peter had bailed on the climb (opting to train for his upcoming near-marathon instead) he offered to hike with us up to the base of the climb and haul some gear. We met him at the Chautauqua Trailhead at about 8:00 and headed up the trail. Peter and Fabio regaled me with their tale from several weeks prior when they climbed the Direct East Face Route up the First Flatiron with Charles. It sounded awesome and I was sorry to have missed that adventure. I hoped today would be as fun.
The approach up to the First Flatiron was super short and in no time we were at the base of the East Face North Side Route. Just as we were about to gear up for the climb it started snowing. Bummer. As large flakes swirled down we pondered our options. I was for completing the East Face North Side and re-evaluating once we had reached the North Arete. I figured that the 5.2 climbing wouldn't be too bad even if the snow continued and that we would probably be to the top before the rock really started to get wet. Peter tried to talk us into heading back down into Boulder for a leisurely breakfast where he assured us there'd be lots of "hot chicks." Fabio was for hanging tight for a few minutes to wait and see what the weather would do. After about 15 minutes the snow squall passed and the sun came out more or less. Now that the snow had stopped Fabio liked my plan of heading up the East Face North Side and re-evaluating things once we'd gained the North Arete.
We geared up and Fabio took the first lead. Peter stayed to chat with me while Fabio climbed up the face - generally climbing easy slabby stuff and tending a little bit toward climbers left. When Fabio had neared the end of the rope he set up a belay and it was my turn to follow. I bade my adieu to Peter and set off. The climb was mostly straightforward and it didn't take long for me to reach Fabio at his spacious belay ledge. Fabio handed me the remaining gear as I sorted the rack.
Once I'd got everything squared away I set out. I was able to place a nice piece about 15 feet above Fabio but then protection became sparse. Another 20 feet up I was able to get another cam into a large flaring crack, but after that the face looked like a near featureless slab up to a large bulge. At this point we were fairly close to the gully that splits the East Face and I had a sneaking suspicion that we were off route - we should have been much farther to climbers right. I had remembered reading about belaying from some trees and I spied a couple of likely candidates far to my right. Fabio agreed with my suspicion and encouraged me to head right. I gingerly made my way up beneath the bulge and then angled past its right side. The climbing felt spicier than 5.2 and was heightened by the fact that my last piece of pro was close to 70 feet below me. The threat of a 150-foot whipper got my pulse racing as I finally got around the bulge and found a crack to place a cam. I breathed a sigh of relief and continued upward another 60 feet along more easily protectable terrain. I set up a belay and brought Fabio up. He agreed that the climbing felt much more challenging than 5.2.
I handed Fabio the remainder of the gear and he set off up toward the crest of the arete which looked very close. In less than half a pitch of much easier climbing Fabio reached the crest of the arete and then belayed me up. When I reached the top the wind was much fiercer than it had been on the face. I bundled up into all the clothing I'd brought with me - helmet liner, fingerless wool gloves, t-shirt, thermal top, fleece, and my lightweight PraNa pants. The rest of the day was going to be a little chilly. In hindsight I wished I'd worn thermal bottoms, heavier pants, and maybe my balaclava. If I'd had those extra items I probably would have been comfortable, instead I would have to shivering through the rest of the day.
Now atop the North Arete we pondered our next move. More precipitation didn't look imminent so we decided to continue onward. At the far north end of the arete the ground on the west side came up to meet the ridge just 10 feet below us. In order to avoid horrendous rope drag we decide it would be easiest to climb down onto the ground and then walk along the base of the arete for 20 feet before climbing back up onto the arete to start the next pitch.
Fabio set up the belay while I sorted out the rack. The first 50 feet were a little tricky with some overhanging-ish sections where I had to think for a minute before puzzling out the moves that would get me past them. Once I had climbed the first 50 feet and passed out of sight of Fabio, the North Arete became less vertical and the climbing was more straightforward. I scrambled along easy terrain until I encountered another overhanging section. By this time I had accumulated considerable rope drag and I was reluctant to commit myself to any sustained, difficult sections. The first option appeared a little iffy, so I downclimed about 15 feet down the east side of the arete to where it looked like there was another weakness in the overhanging section. While I explored this option Fabio radioed me and said I had about 10 meters of rope left. Uncertain if I could find another good belay stance with just 10 meters of rope, and hesitant to make the moves anyway with the rope drag I accumulated, I elected to set up a belay where I was. Unfortunately this was both in the shade and in the teeth of the wind.
I set up the belay and brought Fabio up. He made short work of the pitch and soon I had transferred all the gear over. Fabio's first challenge of the pitch was surmounting the overhanging section. He studied the first option that I had spied and agreed that it was a little tricky. I told him about the second possible option about 15 feet down the east side of the arete and he made his way down to scope it out. After pondering it for a few moments he concluded that the first option was best. After working out a clever undercling move with his right hand so that he could reach a bomber hold with his left he effortlessly lifted himself over the overhanging section and was out of sight. Without being able to see Fabio there was little for me to do but hunker down and try to keep warm as I got blasted by the wind screaming in from the west. After a mercifully short while Fabio radioed back that he had finished the pitch and set up the belay. I cleaned up the anchor and followed. The moves that Fabio had worked out to surmount the overhang seemed simple and obvious to me after watching him do it - I chastised myself for not figuring it out earlier. After the overhang there was short slabby section back up to the crest of the North Arete where it was more straightforward scrambling. By this time we had reached the towers that make the North Arete look so cool from afar. The rest of the climb would consist of climbing from one tower to the next.
I joined Fabio on top of the tower where he had set up the belay and he told me that I had just passed the point where the Direct East Face achieves the Arete. While we traded gear Fabio also informed me that the next pitch was what he considered the crux of the North Arete. What? The crux! For some reason that got my heart racing and I pumped him for advice. All Fabio would do is smile and say, "You'll see when you get there." After a little more coaxing he pointed across to the next tower and described the line Charles had taken a couple weeks previously. Fabio said that Charles had followed a crease in the slab on the east side of the arete and the slabby climbing was challenging and protection sparse.
I swallowed hard and set off. I downclimbed from the tower we had been sitting on, crossed the low point, and looked up at "the crux." There was a nice little horizontal crack below the slabby stuff that had some kind of scars in it. I'd never seen piton scars before and wondered if that's what they were. Regardless, the crack was perfect for a Red Alien and I stuck it in thinking this might be my last protection for quite a while. I looked up and studied the crease and Charles' line before launching myself at the difficulties. After I got a couple moves into it I spied what I thought was easier going higher up the east face - almost on the crest of the arete. I opted to take this path and as I made my way upward fantastic holds slowly revealed themselves. One in particular caught my attention - a golf-ball sized crystal sticking out of an otherwise featureless section of slab. This must be "The Crystal" of the "Quartz Crystal Pitch" fame I thought. In another 15 feet of fairly easy climbing I was standing back atop the North Arete. I shouted back at Fabio, "Was that the crux!?!" Piece of cake I thought. I scrambled across the top of that tower, descended down into a notch, climbed the next tower, and set up a belay below another tower. This time I was a little more careful to find a spot that was mostly sheltered from the wind.
During this last pitch I made a mistake that I made before on Piz Badille - something that I really need to work on: I failed to adequately protect my second. After placing the Red Alien below the crux I hadn't placed another piece of protection until the base of the next tower. I was totally consumed with protecting my own falls that I hadn't even thought about protecting a potential fall by Fabio. With such sparse protection, the wind had blown the rope off the crest of the arete down onto the East Face. Consequently while Fabio was trying to climb up the crux to the crest of the North Arete my belay was pulling him sideways across the face. He had to radio me and request that I not keep so much tension on the rope and thus pull him sideways off his holds. In retrospect I should have placed a piece of protection at the top of crux even though I was off the difficulties. This way when I had tension on the rope it would have pulled Fabio in the correct direction and would have limited a fall should Fabio have peeled off.
Luckily he didn't and soon he joined me at my belay stance below the tower. We traded gear one final time and Fabio set off. At this point we were both getting pretty cold and we could see more snow squalls developing to the west that couldn't have been more than 10 miles away. We were looking forward to getting off the North Arete and out of the teeth of the wind - hopefully before the snow reached us. From my belay stance I couldn't see a thing of Fabio after he proceeded about 10 feet above me. I slowly played out rope as he climbed over the final tower down into a notch and then to the summit in less than half a rope-length. He put me on belay and I followed over the top of the final tower. At this point the wind was really screaming and there was no protection between me and Fabio's belay stance. Consequently the rope was arcing out in a wide curve - midair over the notch between the tower I was standing on and the summit where Fabio sat. It was pretty cool looking, but soon I too was feeling the affects of those high winds as I scrambled down into the notch. At one point I had to flatten myself down and hug the rock in order to keep from being blown off the arete and down the East Face.
As the wind battered us atop the summit Fabio and I sorted out the rope for the one long rappel down to the ground west of the First Flatiron. We were both shivering badly and really wanted to get down. After we'd gotten the ropes coiled and ready to toss Fabio climbed a little bit toward the west side of the summit and prepared to throw them. He hung there for about 30 seconds doing nothing. I wondered what he was waiting for, the wind to die down? He must have read my thoughts as he looked back at me and we both laughed. There was little chance that the wind would calm for even a moment and tossing the ropes down the west side would do little as they would be easily blown almost horizontally around the south side of the summit block. Instead Fabio elected to just drop the ropes down to a ledge about 20 feet below the summit. He rapped down to the ledge and then fed the ropes one by one down the west face. This worked okay, and he only had to pause one more time during the rappel to pull the ropes from around the south side of the summit block so that they would drop below him.
This took Fabio a little while and I patiently waited while shivering almost uncontrollably. Finally Fabio was off rappel and it was my turn. I still find rappelling pretty scary and my natural fear of rappelling combined with my violent shivering and being buffeted by the strong winds contributed further to making this an exciting rappel to say the least. Luckily it went relatively smoothly and soon I was on safe terrain with Fabio. We packed up our stuff, changed shoes and headed back around the south side of the First Flatiron for the car. Now that we were out of the brunt of the wind we warmed up fairly quickly but it was still a little chilly as the sun had already passed behind the Flatirons.
Before I headed home to Fort Collins we stopped in a cute little hole in the wall off Walnut Street in downtown Boulder for a beer and a snack. I was very happy to get another solid climb under my belt. I felt I had climbed fairly well, but I still have a lot to work on - namely protecting my second. I also have to remember that even though it's sunny out I should dress warmer for November climbs.


The oik options > Shortcode help page displays a summary of all the active shortcodes.
To find out more information about a shortcode click on the shortcode name.
You will also be shown the HTML snippet for the example. There should be no need to do anything with this output.
For further information click on the links in the more oik help column.


text:
Joel Eisenbaum, Investigative Reporter
Aaron Barker, Senior Digital Editor
Published: November 1, 2019, 6:39 pm
Tags: News, Crime, Local, Harris County
Armored car robbery suspect critically hurt after shootout with HPD SWAT team, police say
Armored truck guard shot, killed during northwest Houston robbery
Dramatic photos show moments before armored truck guard fatally shot in face during robbery
Texas House District 28 is the race to watch at the start of election year
Houston leads nation in armored truck robberies
HOUSTON – Houston has led the nation in armored truck robberies since 2015, according to officials at the FBI's field office in Houston.
Additionally, officials said, there have already been more of these types of robberies in the city this year than in all of 2018
"Our office covers more than just Houston, like Beaumont, but I can tell you that the vast majority of these crimes happen in Houston," said Christina Garza, spokeswoman for the FBI.
Here are the numbers since 2015.
On Friday, people believed to have been planning an armored truck robbery were involved in a shootout with police.
Last week, 68-year-old Francis Hazzard was shot and killed while guarding an armored truck outside of a restaurant in northwest Houston. There's a $55,000 reward being offered for information leading to the arrest or charging of the people responsible for his death.
There is also a $105,000 reward in the 2015 slaying of Alvin Kinney, a Brinks armored truck guard who was killed by robbers.
Anyone with information about any of these crimes is asked to call Crime Stoppers of Houston at 713-222-8477 or the FBI at 800-225-5324.
Aaron Barker
Aaron Barker has been a senior digital editor at KPRC 2 since 2016. As a meteorologist, he specializes in stories about the weather. He has covered Hurricane Harvey, the Astros first World Series win, the Santa Fe High School shooting, the ITC fire and Tropical Storm Imelda.


Hello and welcome to Healthy Health! My name is Leah Westendorf and Healthy Health is a Canadian private company which specializes in weight loss, nutritional, personal care and cosmetic products. The company is dedicated to giving fast courteous service followed by ongoing contact and support whenever needed. We also have a "30 day money back guarantee" if, for any reason, you are not completely satisfied with our products.
Our mission is to improve the health and quality of life of people everywhere, by providing you with free health news and advice for living well.


"The 2007 Pisco, Peru, Earthquake (M8.0): Seismology and Geodesy" by Juliet Biggs, David P. Robinson et al.
We investigate the 2007 Pisco, Peru, earthquake (M8.0) using seismological and geodetic data. Analysis of teleseismic records indicates that the earthquake is characterized by a steadily increasing moment rate, with the maximum occurring between about 55 and 70 s and the associated slip occurring about 40 km south of the epicentre. We combine InSAR data from L-band (ALOS) and C-band (Envisat) satellites to produce a 3-D image of the ground displacements caused by the earthquake. Distributed slip inversions of the interferograms identify a single large patch of slip in the location of the maximum moment rate identified by seismology. Despite a clear spatial coincidence between the location of the coseismic slip and the anomalously high topography of the Paracas Peninsula, we find no evidence that the earthquake was directly responsible for motion on any upper plate faults.
Biggs, Juliet; Robinson, David P.; and Dixon, Timothy H., "The 2007 Pisco, Peru, Earthquake (M8.0): Seismology and Geodesy" (2009). School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications. 441.


These are just a few things to keep in mind as you search for tiles Kissimmee FL. Whether you need a few tiles for a repair job or dozens of tiles for a brand-new floor, it's important that you only buy the best. Your tiles will experience a lot of foot traffic, and you want them to be up to the task.


text:
Q: Generic extension methods for delegates syntax code duplication I'm creating some extension methods to help gather metrics on anonymous functions in my code. unfortunately, they tend to have some code duplication and I'm unsure how to remove it.
    public static Action Instrument(this Action a, [CallerMemberName] string caller = null)
    => () =>
    {
        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        try
        {
            a();
        }
        finally
        {
            Trace.WriteLine($"{caller} : {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds} ms");
        }
    };

    public static Action<T> Instrument<T>(this Action<T> a, [CallerMemberName] string caller = null)
    => (t) =>
    {
        var sw = Stopwatch.StartNew();
        try
        {
            a(t);
        }
        finally
        {
            Trace.WriteLine($"{caller} : {sw.ElapsedMilliseconds} ms");
        }
    };

having 4 of these for actions and 4 for functions means that my try{ } finally{ } gets duplicated way too often. How do I re-write this to prevent the duplication?
Also is there a way to inline the first 2 lines of this
Action a = () => { Thread.Sleep(100); };
a = a.Instrument();
a();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange