text:
Generating electric currents
We saw that a change in the magnetic flux passing through a transformer's secondary coil causes current to flow in that coil. Since the magnetic flux through the secondary coil changes whenever the current through the primary coil changes, an alternating current in
the transformer's primary coil induces an alternating current in its secondary coil.
But there's another way to change the magnetic flux passing through a coil of wire: move the magnetic flux. That's how a generator works. Whenever a magnet moves past a coil of wire or a coil of wire moves past a magnet, the flux through the coil changes and current flows in the coil and its circuit.
Most generators use rotary motion to produce electricity. The generator has a permanent magnet that spins between two fixed coil of wire. As the magnet spins, its magnetic flux lines sweep through the two coils and drive a current through them. This current experiences a volt age rise as it passes through the coils and a volt age drop as it passes through the light bulb, so it transfers power from the generator to the bulb.
The iron core inside each coil extends the magnet's flux lines so that they are sure to sweep through the coil each time a pole of the magnet passes by. These cores are temporarily magnetized by the nearby magnet and effectively increase its length. Without the iron cores, most of the rotating magnet's flux lines would bend around before passing through the entire coil and the generator would be less effective at producing electricity.
In the above diagram, you can see two magnets in the motor: The armature (or rotor) is an electromagnet, while the field magnet is a permanent magnet (the field magnet could be an electromagnet as well, but in most small motors it isn't in order to savepower). The principle design of the motor is identical to the generator. A generator produces an alternating current in the circuit it powers. This current flows in one direction as the magnet's north pole approaches a coil and in the opposite direction as the south pole approaches it. To generate the 60 Hz alternating current used in the United States, the generator must turn 60 times each second so that the current completes one full cycle of reversals every l/60th of a second. In Europe, the generator must turn 50 times each second to supply 50 Hz alternating current. The generators throughout the continent-wide power distribution networks all turn together in perfect synchronization. That way, power can be redirected within each network so that any generator can provide the power consumed by any user.
Some devices require direct current electric power. A car is a good example. It generates DC electric power to charge its battery and to run its headlights, ignition system, and other electric components. While this power is actually produced by an AC generator or alternator, the car uses special electronic switches to send current from alternator one way through its electric system. While the current in the alternator's reverses, the current through the car's electric system always travels in one direction.
Because large permanent magnets are extremely expensive, most industrial generators actually use iron-core electromagnets instead. These rotating electromagnets drive currents through generator coils just as effectively as permanent magnets would. Al- though these electromagnets consume some electric power, they are much more соя effective than real permanent magnets.
An alternating current (AC)is an electrical current whose magnitude and direction vary cyclically, as opposed to direct current, whose direction remains constant. The usual waveform of an AC power circuit is a sine wave, as this result in the most efficient
transmission of energy. However in certain applications different waveforms are used, such as triangular or square waves.
Used generically, AC refers to the form in which electricity is delivered to businesses and residences. However, audio and radio signals carried on electrical wire are also examples of alternating current. In these applications, an important goal is often the recovery of information encoded (or modulated) onto the AC signal.
Electricity distribution
AC voltage can be stepped up or down by a transformer to a different voltage. High-voltage, direct current electric power transmission systems contrast with the mod common alternating-current systems as a means for the bulk transmission of еelectrical power. However, these tend to be more expensive and less efficient than transformers. Use of a higher voltage leads to more efficient transmission of power. The power losses in a conductor are a product of the square of the current and the resistance of the conductor, described by the formula P = I2R. This means that when transmitting a fixed power on a given wire, if the current is doubled, the power loss will be four times greater. Since the power transmitted is equal to the product of the current, the voltages also and the cosine of the phase difference cp (P = IVcosφ), the same amount of power can be transmitted with a lower current by increasing the voltage. Therefore it is advantageous when transmitting large amounts of power to distribute the power with extremely high voltages (sometimes as high as hundreds of kilovolts). However, high voltages also have disadvantages, the main ones being the increased danger to anyone who comes into contact with them, the extra insulation required, and generally increased in their safe handling. In the power plant the voltage is generated on three phase low voltage, with a frequency of either 50 or 60 hertz, and stepped up to a high voltage for distribution and stepped down, with a neutral, to a relatively low level for the com generally around 200 V to 500 V between phases and 100 V to 250 V between each phase and the neutral.
Three-phase electrical generation is very common and is a more efficient use of commercial generators. Electrical energy is generated by rotating a coil inside magnetic field, in large generators with a high capital cost. However, it is relatively simple and cost effective to include three separate coils in the generator stator (instead of one). These sets of coils are physically separated and at an angle of 120° to each other. Three current waveforms are produced that are 120° out of phase with each other, but of equal magnitude. Three-phase systems are designed so that they are balanced at the load; if a load is correctly balanced no current will flow in the neutral point. Also, even in the worst-case unbalanced (linear) load, the neutral current will not exceed the highest of the phase currents. For three-phase at low (normal mains) voltages a four-wire system like this is normally used, reducing the cable requirements by one third over using a separate neutral per phase. When stepping down three-phase, a transformer with a Delta primary and a Star secondary is often used so there is no need for a neutral on the supply
side. For smaller customers (just how small varies by country and age of install) only a single phase and the neutral or two phases and the neutral are taken to the property. For larger installs all three phases and the neutral are taken to the main board. From a three-phase main board both single and three-phase circuits may lead off (and in some cases also circuits with two phases (not to be confused with two-phase) and a neutral are led off). Three-wire single phase systems, with a single centre-tapped transformer giving two live conductors, is a common distribution scheme for residential and small commercial buildings in North America. A similar method is used for a different reason on construction sites in the UK. Small power tools and lighting are supposed to be supplied by a local center-tapped transformer with a voltage of 55 V between each power conductor and the earth. This significantly reduces the risk of electric shock in the event that one of the live conductors becomes exposed through an equipment fault whilst still allowing a reasonable voltage for running the tools.
A third wire is often connected between non-current carrying metal enclosures and earth ground. This conductor provides protection from electrical shock due to accidental contact of circuit conductors with the case of portable appliances and tools.
AC power supply frequencies
The frequency of the electrical system varies by country; most electric power is generated at either 50 or 60 Hz. Some countries have a mixture of 50 Hz| and 60 Hz supplies.
A low frequency eases the design of low speed electric motors, particularly for hoisting, crashing and rolling applications, and commutator-type traction motors for applications such as railways, but also causes a noticeable flicker in incandescent lighting and objectionable flicker of fluorescent lamps. 16.67 Hz power (1/3 of the mains frequency) is still used in some European rail systems, such as in Sweden and Switzerland.
Textile industry, marine, computer mainframe, aircraft, and spacecraft applications sometimes use 400 Hz, for benefits of reduced weight of apparatus or higher speeds.
AC-powered appliances can give off a characteristic hum at the multiples of the frequencies of AC power that they use. Most countries have chosen their television standard to approximate their mains supply frequency. This helps prevent power line hum and magnetic interference from causing visible beat frequencies in the displayed picture. Unless specified by the manufacturer to operate on either 50 or 60 Hz, appliances may not operate efficiently or even safely if used on other than the intended supply frequency.
The European Union (including the UK) has now officially harmonized on a supply of230 V 50 Hz. However they made the tolerance bands very wide at ±10%. Some countries actually specify stricter standards than this for example the UK specifies 230 V +10% -6%. Most supplies to the old standards therefore conform to the new one and do not need to be changed.
WORDLIST:
Alternating current (AC) переменный ток
primary coil первичная обмотка
secondary coil вторичная обмотка
magnetic flux магнитный поток,
магнитные силовые линии
step up transformer повышающий трансформатор
step down transformer понижающий трансформатор
permanent magnet постоянный магнит
iron core стальной сердечник
commutator коллектор, коммутатор
brush, brush gear щетка, щеточное устройство
armature якорь
rotor ротор
stator статор
sine wave синусоидальное колебание(волна)
conductor проводник
resistance сопротивление
current ток, сила тока
main board центральный (сетевой) щит
live conductor провод под напряжением, фазньй
center-tapped transformer трансформатор с
выведенной cредней точкой
power (circuit) conductor силовой провод
commutator type коммутационный тяговый двигать
incandescent lighting освещение лампами накаливания
computer mainframe базовая компьютерная сеть
to induce индуктировать; наводить
winding обмотка
to rectify выпрямлять
field magnet возбуждающий магнит; индуктор
series последовательный
shunt шунтовой, параллельный
compound смешанный
EXERCISES:
I. Answer and translate the following questions:
a) What is an electrical generator?
b) What is the type of power supply at your home?
c) Give us main parts of a generator's design.
d) Does an electrical motor have the same design as a generator?
e) The electrical current is dangerous, isn't it? How can you protect yourself from it?
f) Is it possible to combine a motor and a generator in one unit?
II. Translate the following sentences:
a) The generator has a permanent magnet that spins between two fixed coils of wire.
b) Without the iron cores, most of the rotating magnet's flux lines would bend around before passing through the entire coil and the generator would be less effective at producing electricity.
c) To generate the 60 Hz alternating current the generator must turn 60 times each second so that the current completes one full cycle.
d) The generators throughout the continent-wide power distribution networks all turn together in perfect synchronization.
e) AC voltage can be stepped up or down by a transformer to a different voltage.
f) Three current waveforms are produced that are 120° out of phase with each other, but of equal magnitude.
g) Three-wire single phase systems, with a single centre-tapped transformed two live conductors, is a common distribution scheme for residential and small commercial buildings.
h) AC-powered appliances can give off a characteristic hum at the multiples of the frequencies of AC power that they use.
III. Translate the following text into Russian:
The alternating current generator, or alternator, is the electrical system's chief source of power while the engine is running . Its shaft is driven by the same belt that spins he fan. It converts mechanical energy into alternating current electricity, which is then channeled through diodes that alter it to direct current for the electrical system and I for recharging the battery.
Is your Alternator big enough for all your electrical equipment? If you have a large stereo system you'll know that it is not when the bass thumps ... you may see yourheadlights and dash lights dim. Each 100 watt lamp is going to draw about 9 amps so six of them is going to suck up about 55 Amps. The other accessories on your car cooling fan, heater fan, ignition, fuel pump, running lights, etc. - are going to draw roughly another 30-40 Amps - your total power requirement will reach about 90-100 Amps. Add more lights, large stereo system, a winch, and you may find yourself with an overworked alternator.
It's impossible to compensate for a small alternator by throwing in a bigger battery as the battery will just be drained and the voltage will suffer, affecting your light output and overall performance. Your best solution is to go to a modern, high output alternator f at least 100 Amps or more. If you are ready wort d about weight, you're better off with a smaller battery. All it really has tjo do is start the engine if the alternator is larg enough to carry the rest of the car is running.
IV. Translate the following information into English:
Машины постоянного тока.
К машинам постоянного тока относятся генераторы и электрические двигатели. Машина постоянного тока состоит из двух основных частей: а) неподвижной части (статор), предназначенной для создания магнитного потока, б) вращаюяющейся части (ротора), которая называется якорем и в которой происходит процесс преобразования механической энергии в электрическую (электрический генератор); или обратно - электрической энергии в механическую (электродвигатель)» Небольшой зазор отделяет статор от ротора.
Статор машины постоянного тока состоит из: а) основных полюсов – для созданиямагнитного потока; б) добавочных полюсов (interpoles), установленных между основными для обеспечения безыскровой работы щеток коллектора и станины
Якорь - это цилиндрическое тело, вращающееся в пространстве между полюсами, и состоит из: а) зубчатого цилиндрического якоря; б) обмотки, уложенной на нём; в) коллектора; г) щеточного устройства.
Direct current (DC or "continuous current") is the constant flow of electric charge
from high to low potential. This is typically in a conductor such as a wire, but can also be through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. In direct current, the electric charges flow in the same direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC).
Types of direct current
The first commercial electric power transmission (developed in the late nineteenth century) used direct current. Because alternating current is more convenient matt current for electric power distribution and transmission, today nearly all electric rower transmission uses alternating current.
Various definitions
Within Electrical Engineering, the term DC is a synonym for constant. For example, the voltage across a DC voltage source is constant as is the current through J current source. The DC solution of an electric circuit is the solution where all voltages and currents are constant. It can be shown that any voltage or current waveform can decomposed into a sum of a DC component and a time-varying component. The DC component is defined to be the average value of the voltage or current over all time. THE average value of the time-varying component is zero.
Although DC stands for "Direct Current,DC sometimes refers to "constant polarity"
With this definition, DC voltages can vary in time, such as the raw output of a rectifier. Some forms of DC (such as that produced by a voltage regulator) have almost no variations in voltage, but may still have variations in output power and current.
Direct current installations usually have different types of sockets, switches, and fixtures, mostly due to the low voltages used, from those suitable for alternating current. It is usually important with a direct current appliance to not reverse polarity unless the device has a diode bridge to correct for this. (Most battery-powered devices don't.)
High voltage direct current is used for long-distance point-to-point power transmission and for submarine cables, with voltages from a few kilovolts to approximately megavolt.
DC is commonly found in many low-voltage applications, especially where these are powered by batteries, which can produce only DC, or solar power sys solar cells can produce only DC. Most automotive applications use DC, although the generator is an AC device which uses a rectifier to produce DC. Most electronic circuits require a DC power supply.
Power-line operated power supplies are based on transformers, diodes, 1 and capacitors. Transformers enable these supplies to exchange voltage for current to obtain the large currents and low voltages needed by audio amplifiers and other house-hold electronic devices. Diodes prevent currents from flowing backward through these supplies so that, like batteries, they always pump currents from their negative terminals to their positive ones. Transistors help to control the voltage of the current delivered by a power supply-they cause the output current to experience an adjustable and carefully controlled voltage drop so that the current leaves the supply at a regulated voltage. And capacitors in the supply store separated electric charge and energy for delivery during the times when the supply isn't receiving any power from the alternating current source.
A basic power supply, without any transistor regulation, connects the primary of its transformer to the electric outlet and the secondary of that transformer to a set of diodes. These diodes act as electronic switches, directing current always in one direction through the circuit that the power supply operates. To stop the current from fluctuating so much, capacitors are often attached to the two output wires of the power supply. These capacitors store separated charge during times when the AC power line is delivering more than enough current and release some of that charge with the power line isn't delivering enough.
In more sophisticated modern power supplies, often called "switching power supplies," current from the electric outlet is sent through diodes and into capacitors, where it is stored as separated charge. Several transistors then act as electronic
switches to produce a high-frequency alternating current from this stored charge. With a frequency of tens of thousands of cycle* per second, this current passes through the primary of a small transformer. Only a small transformer is needed because the short duration of a cycle reduces the amount of energy that the transformer needs to store in its magnetic field during one cycle. Power passes to a current in the transformer's secondary coil. This secondary coil current is rectified (made DC) by passing it through more diodes. The DC current is filtered with more capacitors and a final transistor stage controls the delivery voltage. But the main delivery voltage control comes from turning on or off the high-frequency AC that is synthesized and delivered to the transformer's primary coil. By starting or stopping this AC current, the power supply can control the flow of power through the transformer and ciently limit the voltage of its overall output.
Semiconductor - полупроводник
insulator - изолятор
ion beams - ионные лучи
electric power transmission - передача электроэнергии
electrical engineering -электротехника
installations - (зд.) аппаратура, оборудование
fixtures- - контактирующие приспособлен
diode bridge - диодный мост
point-to-point -двухточечная (сквозная) пepeдача
power transmission электроэнергии
submarine cable - подводный кабель
audio amplifier - звуковой усилитель
capacitor - конденсатор
electronic switch - электронный выключатель
(коммутатор)
EXERSICES:
I. Decipher and translate the following abbreviations:
I AC generator, DC, elec, eng, neg, ft, 12in, 1.5yd, pos, 3,000 r.p.m, 5kW DC motor, e.m.f., h.v. power supply, 220v 50 Hz mains
II. Answer the following question:
a)What type of the current is there in your cell phone?
b) Does a car accumulator is a source of AC, isn't?
c) What types of DC do you know?
d) What type of the power supply may be used for portable calculator?
e) What transformers are designed for?
f) Can you distinguish any difference between terms converter and inverter?
g) Is it possible to use DC installations in AC power supply lines?
h) Do you know electrical motor which can run on either DC or AC electric power?
Universal Motors
If you replace the permanent magnets of a DC motor with electromagnets and connect these electromagnets in the same circuit as the commutator and rotor, you will have a universal motor. This motor will spin properly when powered by either direct or alternating current.
When you connect DC power to a universal motor, the stationary electromagnets j will behave as if they were permanent magnets and the universal motor will operate just like a DC motor. The only difference is that the universal motor will not reverse directions when you reverse the current passing through it. It will continue turning in the same direction because reversing the current through the rotor also reverses the current through the electromagnets. Since the universal motor contains no permanent magnets, every pole in the entire motor changes from north to south or from south to north. Because all the poles change, the motor's behavior does not. It keeps turning in the same direction. If you really want to reverse the motor's rotational direction, you must rewire the stationary electromagnets to reverse their poles.
Since the universal motor always turns in the same direction, regardless of which way current flows through it, it works just fine with AC electric power. Universal motors are commonly used in kitchen mixers, blenders, and vacuum cleaners. While these motors are cheap and reliable, their graphite brushes eventually wear out and must be replaced. To repair a motor with a worn brush, you simply remove what's left of the old brush and replace it with a new one from the nearest hardware store.
IV. Translate the following material into English:
Трансформатором называется статический электромагнитный аппарат, пред- назначенный для преобразования переменного тока одного типа (первичного) в переменный ток с другими характеристиками, такими как другое напряжение и сила тока. Трансформатор состоит из: 1) сердечника, выполненного из трансформаторной стали, и 2) двух или нескольких обмоток, связанных между собой электромагнитным полем. Трансформатор с двумя обмотками называется двухобмоточный; а с несколькими обмотками - многообмоточными. По роду тока различают трансформаторы однофазные, трехфазные и многофазные.
Обмотка трансформатора, к которой подводится переменный ток, называется первичной обмоткой, а обмотка на выходе - вторичной. Если напряжение на выходе трансформатора выше первичного, то трансформатор называется повышающим, а если ниже — понижающим.
Arc weldingrefers to a group of welding processes that use a welding power supply to create an electric arc between an electrode and the base material to melt the metals at the welding point. They can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC) current, and consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The welding region is sometimes protected by some type of inert or semi-inert gas, known as a shielding gas, and/or filler material.
A constant current welding power supply capable of AC and DC
To supply the electrical energy necessary for arc welding processes, a number of different power supplies can be used. The most common classification is constant current power supplies and constant voltage power supplies. In arc welding, the voltage is directly related to the length of the arc, and the current is related to the amount of heat input. Constant current power supplies are most often used for manual welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding, because they maintain a relatively constant current even as the voltage varies. This is important because in manual welding, it can be difficult to hold the electrode perfectly steady, and as a result, the arc length and thus voltage tend to fluctuate. Constant voltage power supplies hold the voltage constant and vary the current, and as a result, are most often used for automated welding processes such as gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding, and submerged arc welding. In these processes, arc length is kept constant, since any Electrical Power fluctuation in the distance between the wire and the base material is quickly rectified by a large change in current. For example, if the wire and the base material get too close, the current will rapidly increase, which in turn causes the heat to increase and the tip of the wire to melt, returning it to its original separation distance.
The direction of current used in arc welding also plays an important role in welding. Consumable electrode processes such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding generally use direct current, but the electrode can be charged either positively or negatively. In welding, the positively charged anode will have a greater heat concentration and, as a result, changing the polarity of the electrode has an impact on weld properties. If the electrode is positively charged, it will melt more quickly, increasing weld penetration and welding speed. Alternatively, a negatively charged electrode results in more shallow welds. Non-consumable electrode processes, such as gas tungsten arc welding, can use either type of direct current, as well as alternating current. With direct current however, because the electrode only creates the arc and does not provide filler material, a positively charged electrode causes shallow welds, while a negatively charged electrode makes deeper welds. Alternating current rapidly moves between these two, resulting in medium-penetration welds. One disadvantage of AC, the fact that the arc must be re-ignited after every zero crossing, has been addressed with the invention of special power units that produce а square wave pattern instead of the normal sine wave, eliminating low-voltage time after the zero crossing and minimizing the effects of the problem.
LESSON # 3
A multimeter set to measure voltage. Instruments for measuring potential differ-ences include the voltmeter, the potentiometer (measurement device), and the oscilloscope. The voltmeter works by measuring the current through a fixed resistor, which, according to Ohm's Law, is proportional to the potential difference across it. The potentiometer works by balancing the unknown voltage against a known voltage in a bridge circuit. The cathode-ray oscilloscope works by amplifying the potential difference and using it to deflect an electron beam from a straight path, so that the deflection of the beam is proportional to the potential difference.
A multimeter is an electronic measuring in-that combines several functions in one unit. The most basic instruments include an ammeter, voltmeter, and ohmmeter.
fultimeter can be a handheld device useful for basic fault finding and field serviceor a bench instrument which can measure to seven or eight and a half digits of accurancy. Such an instrument will commonly be found in a calibration lab and can be used to characterise resistance and voltage standards or adjust and verify the performance of multi-function calibrators.
Current, voltage, and resistance measurements are considered standard features for multimeter. AVO multimeters, a manufacturer of early multimeters, derived their name from amperes, volts, and ohms, the units used for the measurement of current, voltage, and rcsistance.
A multimeter may be implemented with an analog meter deflected by an electro-magnet, as a classic galvanometer; or with a digital display such as an LCD or Vacuum fluorescent display.
Analog multimeters are not hard to find in the used market, but are not very accurate because of errors introduced in zeroing and reading the analog meter face.
Analog meters may be implemented with vacuum tubes to precondition and amplify the input signal. Such meters are known as vacuum tube volt meters (VTVM) or vacuum tube multimeters (VTMM).
Modern multimeters are exclusively digital, and identified by the term DMM digital multimeter. In such an instrument, the signal under test is converted to a digital voltage and an amplifier with an electronically controlled gain preconditions the signal Since the digital display directly indicates a quantity as a number, there is no risk of parallax causing an error when viewing a reading.
Similarly, better circuitry and electronics have improved meter accuracy. Older analog meters might have basic accuracies of five to ten percent. Modern portable DMMs may have accuracies as good as ±0.025%, and bench-top instruments have accuracies
in the single-digit parts per million figures.
Digital meters often feature circuitry or software to accurately measure AC voltages at any frequency. These meters integrate the input signal using the root mean square method, and will correctly read the true voltage of an input signal even if it isn't a perfect sine wave.
Modem meters may be interfaced with a personal computer by IrDA links, RS-232 connections, or an instrument bus such as IEEE-488. The interface allows the computer to record measurements as they are made or for the instrument to upload a series of results to the computer.
As modern appliances and systems become more complicated, the multimeter is| becoming less common in the technician's toolkit. More complicated and specialized equipment replaces it. Where a service man might have used an ohmmeter to measure resistance while testing an antenna, a modern technician may use a hand-held analyzer to test several parameters in order to determine the integrity of a network cable
Read this useful information:
Common voltages
1.5 volt C-cell batteries
Nominal voltages of familiar sources:
Nerve cell action potential: 40 millivolts
Single-cell, rechargeable alkaline battery: 1.2 volts
Single-cell, non-rechargeable battery (e.g. AAA, AA, С and D cells): 1.5 volts
Lithium polymer rechargeable battery: 3.7 volts Automobile electrical system: 12 volts
Household mains electricity: 120 volts North America, 230 volts Europe and 220voltt, 50 Hz Russia.
Rapid transit third rail: 600 to 700 volts
Trams and trolleybus power supply in Russia: 600 volts
High voltage electric power transmission lines: 110 kilobits and up (1150 kV is the record as or 2005)
Lightning: 100 mega volts
Measuring instrument - электроизмерительные приборы
Multimeter - универсальный измерительный
Прибор,многофункциональный измерительный прибор; мультиметр
bridge circuit - мостик
cathode ray oscilloscope - элетронно-лучевой осциллограф
bench instrument - стендовый измерительный прибор
calibration - калибровка, проверка, тарирование
vacuum fluorescent display - вакуум-люминесценный дисплей (индикатор)
vacuum tube voltmeter - электровакуумный вольтметр
controlled gain - управляемое, регулируемое усилие
parallax - смещение
single-digit - одноразрядный
circuitry - компоновка схемы
root mean square method - метод среднеквадратных значений
sine wave -гармоничная волна; синусоидальное колебание
IrDA (infrared data association) - инфракрасный стандарт
instrument bus - шина для подключения приборов
interface - устройство сопряжения
analyzer - прибор для проверки; анализатор
rapid transit third rail - напряжение скоростного поезда (третий контактный рельс)
I.Translate thefollowing sentences:
a) The digital display directly indicates a quantity as a number, there is no risk of parallax causing an error when viewing a reading.
b) A multimeter can be a handheld device useful for basic fault finding and field service work or a bench instrument which can measure to seven or eight and a half digits of accuracy.
c) Вольтметр - это прибор для измерения разницы потенциалов между двумя
точками в электрической цепи.
d) As the resistance of the voltmeter is very high, the current passing through it is
e) The construction of a voltmeter and a ammeter may be the same. Each meter has a pointer which is deflected according to the current passing and the scale of ammeter is marked in amperes.
f) С помощью универсального измерительного прибора можно измерять
напряжение, ток и сопротивление в электрической цепи.
g) The final reading of the meter depends upon the strength of the current in the
power supply line.
II. Translate the following information in to Russian:
Electricity meters.
Fig. 2 shows a motor-type ampere-hour meter. It is in effect a small directs motor. The armature, or rotor, is an aluminum disc mounted in the field of а permanent
magnet. The disc contains three coils which are supplied with current from a commutator consisting of three sectors. The current to the rotor coils is proportional to the total current passing through the consumer installation, from which it is branched off. Since the field strength of the permanent magnet is J
Fig.2 Motor type meter
constant, the speed of rotation of the rotor is proportional to the current strength. The counting mechanism connected to the rotor shaft counts the revolutions, which correspond to the product I.t. If, instead of the permanent magnet, an electromagnet is used to produce the magnetic field, and if the consumer voltage V is applied to this coil, thenthe speed of rotation of the rotor is proportional both to V and to I, and therefore the product V. I. In that case the counting mechanism directly records the energy V.l.t. The ampere-hour meter has thus become a true watt-hour meter.
The kind of meter nowadays generally used for alternating current is the induction meter (Fig. 3). It has no commutator. There are two electromagnets. The coil of one of these is energised by the consumer current; the other magnet coil is connected to the consumer voltage. If the current and the voltage in the consumer circuit are in phase with each other , then the current in the voltage coil, and therefore the magnetic field of this coil, will have a lag of one-quarter period (90°) in relation to that of the current coil. The interaction of the two coils produces a moving magnetic field which induces eddy currents in the light aluminum rotor disc. These currents cause the disc to rotate in the direction of motion of the moving field. The speed of rotation of the disc is proportional to the strengths of the two magnetic fields, but it is also dependent upon the phase displacement of these fields (and therefore upon the power factor cos ф). This will readily be understood when one considers the case where the consumer installation has T phase displacement between V and I (i.e., cos ф = 0); when this happens the two agnetic fields in the meter will be in phase, so that the rotor will then cease to rotate. The braking magnet (on the right in Fig. 3) constantly produces eddy currents in the rotor these damp the rotation and thereby ensure that the rotor stops instantly when the consumer current ceases to flow.
III. Translate the following advertising material into English:
Омметр ЭС0212 (улучшенный аналог M372). Прибор выполнен в влагозащищенном корпусе.
Омметр- прибор для проведения непосредственных измерений электричес- ких активных (омических) сопротивлений.
Разновидности омметров: мегомметры, тераомметры, микроомметры, разли- чающиеся диапазонами измеряемых сопротивлений.
Омметр ЭС0212
Действие магнитоэлектрического омметра основано на измерении
силы тока, протекающего через измеряемое сопротивление при постоянном напряжении источника питания.
При необходимости более точных измерений в омметре используется мостовой метод измеренияю Для повышения чувствительности измерителя и точности измерений применяют электронные усилители.
Омметр ЭС0212 является улучшенным аналогом омметра М372 и имеет оцифрованну отметку "0,05"
Омметр ЭС0212 предназначен для измерения сопротивления заземляющей проводки, определяет обрыва и указывает наличие переменного напряжения до 380 вольт на обо рудовании при нарушении изоляции.
Технические характеристики омметра ЭС0212:
Диапазон измерений омметра - 0,05-20 Ом.
Класс точности -1,5. Питание - элемент 1,5 В.
Условия эксплуатации омметра- от -30°С до +50° С.
Габаритные размеры, мм - 150x70x200.
Масса омметра, кг - 1,0.
The conversion of sound waves into electric currents and the amplification of these currents are two basic electronic techniques required for record players, different electronic techniques.
A Portable Electric Generator
Electric railroad
Fuel cell-electric
Other generating sources
Text 2. Theory of alternating currents
A magnet can cause electric currents in conductors. If a bar magnet is moved back and forth inside a coil of wire, an electric current is produced in the wire
Income-generating activities in higher education
Generating ideas for capital projects


text:
The Kicker, Show 18 | Slow justice in NC sexual assaults
June 21, 2019 , by Staff Reports
Valerie Pearce, an assistant district attorney in Pitt County, sits in front of the courthouse in Greenville. She describes facing a substantial backlog of sex-crime cases that have been delayed. Calvin Adkins / Carolina Public Press
Welcome to The Kicker from Carolina Public Press, a North Carolina news show bringing you conversations with journalists, sources and newsmakers from across the state.
In this episode, Carolina Public Press managing editor Frank Taylor talks with lead investigative reporter Kate Martin about her recent findings on how long sexual assault cases take to move from arrest to resolution in the North Carolina court system.
Martin found that the average sexual assault case takes much longer to move through the courts to resolution than the typical criminal case in North Carolina. She talked with prosecutors across the state and others about why this happens. Defense attorneys in sexual assault cases often employ a strategy of trying to wear down accusers by seeking repeated continuances in cases. The forensic evidence in many sexual assault cases often takes time to test. Even if law enforcement tested the evidence in order to make an arrest, afterward the defense often wants to verify the findings through retesting.
However, other problems come from court procedures and the lack of court dates in some jurisdictions. In addition, whereas some large jurisdictions like Mecklenburg have less delays due to specialized prosecutors who work with sexual assaults, this is not the case elsewhere, especially in districts with more limited resources.
Martin's reporting on the lagging cases is a follow-up to CPP's groundbreaking collaborative investigative series, Seeking Conviction, produced through a partnership of 11 news organizations across North Carolina in March 2019.
Get independent, in-depth and investigative journalism in your inbox
Sign up for free and never miss a CPP news report, investigation, conversation or event.
About The Kicker
The Kicker is a production of Carolina Public Press. It also airs weekly at 7 p.m. Wednesdays on WPVM radio 103.7 FM in Asheville. Send an email to thekicker@carolinapublicpress.org if you would like to contact the staff of Carolina Public Press about The Kicker.
About Staff Reports
This release, story or event was developed through multiple sources and/or is from the staff of Carolina Public Press.

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Home » NBA Basketball » Can Warriors Finally Fall with NBA Games Betting Odds Playoffs?
A clear difference in stature puts Golden State above the rest in the eyes of pro basketball gamblers. With four consecutive trips to the NBA Finals and two consecutive world championships the Warriors are prohibitive NBA games betting odds favorites to win the West yet again. Yet if there is one golden rule of gambling it is that if you can't see it coming you could well get blindsided. Nobody sees the Warriors getting upset. And that is what has bargain hunters searching for alternatives in the West. Starting with Denver and Houston comes potential dark horses.
Despite their consistent straight up dominance, the Warriors have long struggled to provide NBA games betting value. As an example, Golden State got the cash in only 35 out of 82 games. Worse still was their mark of 16 covers in 41 home games. Of great concern is all of the public and casual fan money the drowns the wagering value of the champs. Similarly, to the Warriors do the Clippers emphasize offense. LA ranked fifth for points scored but 25th for points allowed. Good value was shown by the Clippers with only 36 spread losses in 82 games.
Increasingly more gamblers have taken notice of the Nuggets. At the beginning is All Star center Nikola Jokic as the marquee man of Denver. Jokic averaged 19.9 points, 7.3 assists and 10.8 rebounds per game. And Mike Malone is NBA coach of the year candidate. San Antonio faded badly down the stretch with only two covers in their last eight games. Consider Denver has paid in 13 of their last 20 against the Spurs.
In view of their strong home court betting value does Portland attract betting action. Consider the Blazers lost only 16 of 41 games against the spread this year. Most important of all Damian Lillard is the man that makes Portland go with 25.8 points per game. In the same way Paul George (28 PPG) and Russell Westbrook (22.9 PPG and 11 rebounds per game) boost the Thunder.
Specifically, few teams closed with better online sportsbook value than Houston. To illuminate the Rockets lost only two of their last 10 games against the spread. James Harden makes Houston a potential winner every time they take the court. Harden in the NBA scoring machine that average 36.1 points per game this season. Balanced against that is Utah's fourth ranked defense.
Overall Houston may bring the best NBA games betting odds value. First, they ended the regular season in top form and value. Second, Harden and center Clint Capela make for a strong one-two punch. Capella added 16.6 points and 12.7 rebounds per game.
In this situation Houston rates as the best value in the West for the first round.
Get NBA Playoff Updates and highlights!


text:
Q: How to found regex match for data validation in html? There is two set button set 1A button is used to start the project and set 2A button  is used to shutdown. When clicking on set 2A button, it should be disabled until it matches the regex.  The regex is found

The regex will found from api. Now api url returns status ok then regex is found else it should say in alert not found. [Note: current i am running api url from local host not from server]
API Url: http://localhost:8080/setlabel/project/instance/oldvalue/newvalue
Here is the code for set button :

  <button data-name="{{.Name}}" data-zone="{{.Zone | baseUrl}}" data-set-action="start" type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sets" id="load" data-loading-text=" Processing">Set</button>

Here is the javascript code for set button:

Here is the code for label validation:

   {{range .Instances}}

   {{.Name}}
   {{.Type | baseUrl}}
   {{.Zone | baseUrl}}

   {{template "startup.html" .}}

   {{template "startup.html" .}}

   <button type="button" class="btn {{.Status | statusButtonClass}} btn-circle" data-toggle="popover" data-placement="right" data-content="{{.Status}}" data-trigger="hover">

   </button>

$0.00

  {{end}}

How to find the set button should be disabled until it matches the regex.  The regex is found

which values are derived from the selected values by the user.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Stainless steel is one of the most popular contemporary jewelry metals, especially with men. It is harder than gold and silver, does not corrode and does not stain easily. Stainless steel jewelry has a beautiful white-metallic color which is very similar to white gold and platinum jewelry. Due to developing technology, now we can prong-set stones, make more detailed designs and polish the piece to a mirror finish. The stainless steel jewelry used in our store, called 316L, is hypoallergenic.
At Zaragoza Jewelers, we carry a large selection of stainless steel jewelry. We have chains, pendants, rings, wedding rings, bracelets and much more!


text:
100 new jobs to be created in Liverpool by sales firm ServiceSource
TECHNOLOGY sales firm ServiceSource has confirmed plans to recruit another 100 people – and says it hopes to expand still further thanks to Liverpool's hi-tech talent pool.
Alistair HoughtonExecutive Business Editor
The US company, which sells services for some of the world's biggest technology firms, currently employs around 200 people at its UK base in The Plaza, in Old Hall Street.
It has now expanded its office to accommodate 320 people and chief executive Mike Smerklo – who visited Liverpool yesterday – says he expects to fill those desks quickly in another recruitment drive.
The office already handles more than $1bn of "recurring revenues" every year on behalf of client companies.
Martin Moran, who leads ServiceSource's operations in Europe, said Liverpool had proved an ideal place to grow its business thanks to its skilled and multilingual workforce.
He said: "When we opened here just over two years ago, we had a small 15-person start-up office. We now have a footprint of about 320 people, and we'll fill that very quickly.
"The next challenge is how we expand further in Liverpool.
"As customers join the ServiceSource family, they'll come to Liverpool as it's our growth centre."
Mr Moran said last year that the company hoped to take its Liverpool workforce to 350 in 2013.
He said yesterday that he hoped the company could grow beyond that.
ServiceSource works for technology companies including Adobe, Mitel, RedHat and Websense. It manages maintenance or software licensing contracts on behalf of those companies, and its Liverpool staff are charged with calling its customers' clients to promote and sell those deals.
The Liverpool office works with clients in 50 countries, from Europe through the Middle East and Africa, and handles inquiries in 26 languages.
Mr Moran said: "It's amazing to me how much un-tapped talent and potential we're finding.
"We've found some really high quality individuals, from an educational point of view and in terms of our language requirements.
"There is an ongoing pool of talent, and it strikes me that more should be made of Liverpool from a technology perspective.
"I was in London yesterday and people were talking about that city as a tech hub, and it occurred to me that the Government could be doing the same about places like Liverpool."


text:
Bill Of The Month Examines The Cost Of Treating Car Crash Injuries
By Rachel Martin
Anyone who suffered serious injuries in a car accident knows how challenging recovery can be, and the ordeal is only made worse by huge medical bills. That's what happened in our next bill of the month. Dr. Elisabeth Rosenthal from our partner Kaiser Health News is here to tell us about it. Dr. Rosenthal, welcome back.
ELISABETH ROSENTHAL: Thanks for having me.
MARTIN: Who are we meeting today?
ROSENTHAL: Today, we're meeting Mark Gottlieb. He's a 59-year-old marketing consultant from New Jersey. For two years, he's been dealing with the aftereffects of a car accident on his health and on his finances.
MARTIN: OK. Reporter Stephanie O'Neill spoke to Mark. Let's listen to her piece.
STEPHANIE O'NEILL, BYLINE: Mark Gottlieb of Little Ferry, N.J., was taking his mother to a doctor's appointment in January of 2019 when a teenage driver ran a red light and plowed into the driver's side of his Chevy Cavalier.
MARK GOTTLIEB: And just wham - got hit, and I thought that was going to be the end. And luckily, I survived, but I ended up getting really messed up.
O'NEILL: His mother escaped with minor injuries. His were far more serious - six smashed teeth and damage to four vertebrae in his neck and back. His initial treatment lasted months.
GOTTLIEB: I went through everything from seeing chiropractors, seeing physical therapists for my jaw, my arms, legs, back, neck, you name it, all kinds of doctors and all kinds of pain management.
O'NEILL: That care cost about $60,000 and was paid for by his car insurance. In New Jersey and in 12 other states, personal injury protection, or PIP coverage, in auto insurance policies is designed to pay for car accident injuries. And Gottlieb had the maximum amount possible...
GOTTLIEB: ...Which is $250,000 in the PIP coverage.
O'NEILL: Enough, he believed, to also cover the next surgery recommended by his doctors. And because he had nearly $200,000 remaining, Gottlieb wasn't really concerned about exhausting his coverage.
GOTTLIEB: I was under the impression that that should cover an hour-and-a-half surgery at the hospital. Even after the surgery was done, I spoke to the person in charge of the numbers over there, and he's like, oh, you're going to have no problem. It's all going to be covered.
O'NEILL: Except that it wasn't - not even close. Together, the hospital and surgeon billed more than $700,000. GEICO, his auto insurer, knocked it down a bit, but still permitted them to bill about a quarter million dollars. That's eight times more than Medicare would pay for the same procedure.
GOTTLIEB: I think they should have fought it, and they should have said, you know, these bills are absolutely outrageous.
O'NEILL: But they didn't. Instead, they used all of his remaining coverage to pay the inflated bill and left him on the hook for $89,000.
GOTTLIEB: So we were like, this can't be. It's impossible. How can this be? And we did everything we could to protect ourselves. GEICO, we want to know how much it's going to cost. We want to make sure we have enough money there. And they wouldn't answer. They had nothing to say, so I had no way of knowing. So I was totally in the dark.
O'NEILL: Gottlieb has complained about the billing to government agencies, but despite laws intended to protect against overbilling, there are loopholes, and his situation falls into one, leaving him anxious, he says, to seek further care he still needs.
GOTTLIEB: I have days when I feel horrible, and, you know, I'd love to go to a doctor if I know that it's covered by insurance, but I don't want to go through the same nightmare again.
O'NEILL: Meanwhile, Mark Gottlieb is waiting to find out whether the health provider will come after him for the $89,000 balance. For NPR News, I'm Stephanie O'Neill.
MARTIN: Wow. OK, so $89,000 that Mark Gottlieb still may owe, and that's after his insurance coverage paid $250,000. How, Elisabeth - how does this happen?
ROSENTHAL: Well, welcome to American health care. Most people don't realize that for injuries sustained in car accidents, auto insurance pays health care costs first, and it often doesn't synchronize very well with your health insurance. Now, Mr. Gottlieb had good policies for both, but he still got these crazy bills.
MARTIN: The other driver was at fault in this case. Why didn't their insurance cover this?
ROSENTHAL: Well, New Jersey is a no-fault state, so the driver's own coverage kicks in. Some states like New Jersey do have set amounts that should be paid for different types of care. They're called fee schedules. But doctors can bill items not on those schedules. Mr. Gottlieb's surgeons did that, and then the sky's the limit on what can be charged.
MARTIN: So what about health insurance? I mean, did Mark Gottlieb have a health insurance policy?
ROSENTHAL: Sure, he did, and when the exorbitant charges for the surgery blew past the quarter million dollar limit of his auto insurance, his health insurance did kick in. But, surprise, the health insurance had different doctors in its network than GEICO. And that network didn't include the hospital and the surgeon for his surgery. So his health insurer didn't cover all of the balance, not even a tiny fraction of it.
MARTIN: And what does the hospital have to say about these exorbitant charges?
ROSENTHAL: Well, the hospital says it's within its right to charge these amounts, but we should point out that Medicare would have paid about $30,000 for this surgery, and Mr. Gottlieb was charged about eight times that by the hospital and the surgeon.
MARTIN: So if this happens to you, if you're in a car accident and you're thinking about, oh, what does my car insurance cover, what does my health insurance cover, what should people know?
ROSENTHAL: Well, your mind should be spinning, but first, that auto insurance is primary. Second, that with our high prices in the U.S., you can easily blow past those insurance payout limits, so check with your health insurer right away to make sure that the doctors treating you are also in its insurance network and as always, try to get an estimate beforehand. If it seems unreasonably high, walk away and go elsewhere.
MARTIN: Dr. Elisabeth Rosenthal, thank you as always.
ROSENTHAL: Thank you.
(SOUNDBITE OF GLOWWORMS' "CONTRAILS")
MARTIN: If you've got a confusing medical bill, go to NPR's Shots blog. We want to hear about it.
(SOUNDBITE OF GLOWWORMS' "CONTRAILS") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


text:
WATCH: Rylan Clark-Neal screams at Ruth Langsford's Loch Ness Monster prank on This Morning
Hanna FlintWednesday 6 Apr 2016 3:07 pm
Sorry, this video isn't available any more.
Oh Rylan.
Once again the TV host has had a fright on This Morning for viewers to laugh at.
The former X Factor contestant was chatting to Ruth Langsford on Wednesday when she she decided to play a prank on him by pretending the Loch Ness Monster was on the River Thames.
As she pointed out the window and exclaimed 'look' he screams 'whaaaaat!?!' and jumps out of his seat having the whole studio in stitches.
It wasn't even Nessie he was scared of, he thought they were under attack or that some was going to jump out of the kitchen cupboard.
Never change, Rylan.
MORE: Rylan Clark-Neal got 'attacked' by a moth live on This Morning and had a complete meltdown
MORE: 'If it happens, my willy will go funny': Rylan Clark-Neal is planning a Spice Girls reunion on his new chat show
Ruth LangsfordRylan Clark-NealThis Morning
Jason Gardiner attacks Holly Willoughby's appearance in stand-up show
Eamonn Holmes and Ruth Langsford slammed for 'Meghan Markle bashing' by viewers


this is extended 4222bytes version :) Original is exactly 4096 bytes and has some flickering in the beginning.
Out of compo anyway, the best 4k for atari at the moment!
Very good! Fast and nice gouraud on Atari 8bit :) Nice aalias on the shadow as well.
Good animation and even the sound is cool.
Very impressive for a 4K on 8-bit.


text:
stankov
'...technically impeccable and deeply committed...'
'....performances are technically immaculate...'
International Record Review
LACHEZAR
'....arresting technical fluency and panache....'
'...a disc to treasure...'
'Dazzling virtuosity...'
Classical Music Daily
stankov ensemble reviews
'Exceptionally beautiful music, sparklingly performed, sumptuously recorded, with a very insightful essay thrown in for good measure.'
Gerald Fenech, Classical Music Daily
'...superb playing of both orchestra and soloists...
...Readers who have not yet encountered the works of the young Felix Mendelssohn, should lend an ear to this recording, and those who already have a recording of the double concerto, which probably is the original version with string accompaniment, will be surprised by the heft and exuberance of the full orchestra variant. With a full-toned, well-balanced recording and inspired music making this is a disc to treasure...'
Göran Forsling, MusicWeb International
'...an exhilarating experience, a 'broad canvassing' of articulation by the Stankov brothers...immaculate to the tee! This is where Mendelssohn's construct fluidly enables violin and piano to marriage with nonpareil..'.
'... Listening to the exercise between these two soloists is like a surgical dissection which slices away with impeccable scrutiny: each note can easily be heard,
separated, delineated, and nicely placed upon the ear. That is the gift this CD emits...'
'...The fluidity tussles, engages, releases and re-groups to give a pleasance of genteel glamour and absolute formality...'
'...These two œuvres are true virtuosic gems, and Meridian Records has captured the soul and heart of Felix Mendelssohn in a vibrant musical re-landscaping. A strong "thumbs up" to the Stankov brothers...'
Christie Grimstad, ConcertoNet
Stankov Ensemble
Ivo Stankov
Lachezar Stankov
© STANKOV ENSEMBLE 2022
website by hk webdesign


text:
Rejstówka (lit. Reistiniai) − wieś na Litwie, w okręgu wileńskim, w rejonie solecznickim, w starostwie Dziewieniszki. W 2011 roku liczyła 5 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Miejscowości w gminie Dziewieniszki

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Geek Articles
Advanced Photography Lighting Techniques – Feathering & Zooming
Shooting Anamorphic on the RED V-Raptor
Five Resources of Inspiration and Education in Photography & Videography for 2023
Exploring Aputure Lighting and What's Best For Your Shoot
Revisiting the Sony FX3
Topic Review of the Sigma 70mm f/2.8 Art Series Macro Lens | Lensrentals Blog
Review of the Sigma 70mm f/2.8 Art Series Macro Lens
By Zach Sutton
I love my Canon 100mm f/2.8L Macro lens. Since I got it six months ago from Lens Authority (after renting it half a dozen times for projects), it hasn't really left my camera body. Though like most macro lenses I've used, it's a bit slow to focus, and can be a little fickle when using […]
MTF Testing the Canon 85mm f/1.4 L IS
By Roger Cicala
The King is Not Dead The Canon 85mm f/1.2 II lens, the king of creamy bokeh, is basically a 40-year old optical design first released in 1976 (in FD mount) and released as an EF mount lens after some slight optical modification in 1989. The "II" version, released in 2006, was an electrical/mechanical change only, the optics remained the […]
Staff Picks for The Best New Photography and Videography Gear of 2017
By Lensrentals
Last week, we shared with you our most popular photo and video rentals for 2017. While that list is extremely telling to market trends and what the average consumer looks for when it comes to gear and tech, but it doesn't necessarily mean it's our favorite gear personally. With being the largest photo and video […]
Comparing the Canon 85mm f/1.4L IS Against the Competition
By Phillip Pettit
Talk to any photographer who specializes in wedding or portrait photographer, and you'll get a unanimous agreement as to what the preferred focal length – the 85mm. And with good reason; the 85mm is such an incredible focal length because of the nearly true to life compression it provides (with limited to no barrel distortion), […]
© 2023 LensRentals.com


Abstract: Methods of fabricating a semiconductor device are provided. The method includes forming a first mold layer on a in a cell region and a peripheral region, forming first storage nodes penetrating the first mold layer in the cell region and a first contact penetrating the first mold layer in the peripheral region, forming a second mold layer on the first mold layer, forming second storage nodes that penetrate the second mold layer to be connected to respective ones of the first storage nodes, removing the second mold layer in the cell and peripheral regions and the first mold layer in the cell region to leave the first mold layer in the peripheral region, and forming a second contact that penetrates a first interlayer insulation layer to be connected to the first contact. Related devices are also provided.


GUEST BIO: Becky Eley helps lead the not-for-profit practice in BKD's Chicago office and is part of the tax-exempt team. She has focused her career as a consultant on tax-exempt organizations, specializing in private foundations, public charities, hospitals, higher ed institutions, trade associations, membership organizations and retirement plans.
GUEST BIO: Holly Pantzer is a partner in BKD's Indianapolis office. She provides tax compliance, consulting and planning services to individuals, families, businesses, fiduciaries, private foundations and more as leader of the firm's East Region Private Client Services (PCS) team.


text:
Climate Initiatives Platform
Impacts of ICIs
Difference between revisions of "Initiative 20x20"
JVFenhann (Talk | contribs)
|Participants business organisations number=11
|Participants non-governmental organisations number=4
|Participants non-governmental organisations names=AFR100, The Restoration Diagnostic, Re-Greening, The Atlas of Forest and Landscape Restoration Opportunities.
|Participants non-governmental organisations names=AFR100 (USA), The Restoration Diagnostic (USA), Re-Greening (WRI), The Atlas of Forest and Landscape Restoration Opportunities (USA).
AFR100 is a country-led effort to bring 100 million hectares of land in Africa into restoration by 2030. The initiative—launched formally at COP 21 in Paris— will support the Bonn Challenge, a global commitment to restore 150 million hectares of land around the world by 2020, the New York Declaration on Forests that builds on and extends the Bonn Challenge to 350 million hectares by 2030 and the African Resilient Landscapes Initiative (ARLI), an initiative to promote integrated landscape management with the goal of adapting to and mitigating climate change.
The Restoration Diagnostic is a structured method for identifying which key success factors for restoration are already in place, which are partially in place, and which are missing within a country or landscape that has restoration opportunities.
Download this ICI as Excel file
Name of initiative
Initiative 20x20
LPAA initiative
NAZCA Initiative
http://www.wri.org/our-work/project/initiative-20x20
Bonn Challenge - Landscape Restoration
Commitments to Initiative 20x20 are in support of the Bonn Challenge, a global target to restore 150 million hectares of degraded land by the year 2020 through forest and landscape restoration.
The New York Declaration on Forests
The commitments to Initiative 20x20 will contribute to the New York Declaration on Forests that builds on and extends the Bonn Challenge to restore 350 million hectares by 2030.
Starting year
Walter Vergara (Lead of the Initiative) 10 G Street NE Suite 800 Washington, DC 20002, USA
The initiative is supported by the World Resources Institute (WRI), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), and the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Name of lead organisation
Type of lead organisation
Academic/Research institution
Location/Nationality of lead organisation
Initiative 20x20 is a country-led effort to bring 20 million hectares of land in Latin America and the Caribbean into restoration by 2020. The initiative—launched formally at COP 20 in Lima—will support the Bonn Challenge, a global commitment to restore 150 million hectares of land around the world by 2020 and the New York Declaration on Forests that seeks to restore 350 million hectares by 2030.
The initiative will support reforestation (natural and assisted), conservation of forests as well as avoided deforestation as elements of an integral restoration process. Cognizant of the various degrees of land degradation in the region, the initiative will also support efforts to recover land functionality (soil conservation and recovery; carbon storage; water retention and stable hydrologies; biodiversity conservation and recovery) through agroforestry, sylvo pastures, and other sustainable land use schemes.
20 million hectares of land restores in Latin America and the Caribbean by 2020
Inspire national commitments to restoration by engaging in a robust dialogue with Ministers of Agriculture and Environment in the region;
Make the economic case by assessing the societal benefits from restoration and avoided deforestation; and Establish a financial mechanism that allows private sector impact investors to fund restoration projects.
Three states and four NGO's participating in Initiative 20x20, committing a total of about 27.7 million hectares to place into restoration by 2020. Mexico: 8.5 million hectares between the Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Environment Peru: 3.2 million hectares through the Ministry of Agriculture State of Mato Grosso (Brazil): 2.9 million hectares Nicaragua: 2.8 million hectares Bosques Modelo: 1.6 million hectares Guatemala: 1.2 million hectare contribution from the 2014 UN Climate Summit Honduras: 1 million hectares from the Ministry of Environment Colombia: 1 million hectares through the Ministry of Agriculture El Salvador: 1 million hectare through the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources Costa Rica: 1 million hectares through the Ministry of Environment Argentina: 1 million hectares Conservacion Patagonica: 1 million hectares Ecuador: 0.5 million hectares through the Ministry of Environment Chile: 0.5 million hectares State of São Paulo (Brazil): 300,000 (.3m) hectares American Bird Conservancy: 100,000 (0.1m) hectares State of Espírito Santo (Brazil): 80,000 (0.08m) hectares
One or two success stories achieved
Monitoring and Impacts
Function of initiative
Implementation, Political dialogue
Activity of initiative
Goal setting (ex-ante), Awareness raising and outreach, Advocacy
Goal setting (ex-ante) — Mitigation - Forestry
Value (Mha) 20
Comments on indicators and goals
How will goals be achieved
Have you changed or strenghtened your goals
Progress towards the goals
How are you tracking progress of your initiative
Under the initiative a major monitoring effort in envisioned, capable of documenting the restoration process in some detail. Key elements in this effort include remote sensing, on the ground sampling and modeling.
Available reporting
Business organisations 11
Research and educational organisations 0
Non-governmental organisations 4 AFR100 (USA), The Restoration Diagnostic (USA), Re-Greening (WRI), The Atlas of Forest and Landscape Restoration Opportunities (USA).
AFR100 is a country-led effort to bring 100 million hectares of land in Africa into restoration by 2030. The initiative—launched formally at COP 21 in Paris— will support the Bonn Challenge, a global commitment to restore 150 million hectares of land around the world by 2020, the New York Declaration on Forests that builds on and extends the Bonn Challenge to 350 million hectares by 2030 and the African Resilient Landscapes Initiative (ARLI), an initiative to promote integrated landscape management with the goal of adapting to and mitigating climate change. The Restoration Diagnostic is a structured method for identifying which key success factors for restoration are already in place, which are partially in place, and which are missing within a country or landscape that has restoration opportunities.
National states 11 Mexico, Peru, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Honduras, Colombia, El Salvador, Costa Rica, Argentina, Ecuador, Chile
Governmental actors 0
Regional / state / county actors 0
City / municipal actors 0
Intergovernmental organisations 0
Financial Institutions 0
Other members 0
Supporting partners 0
Number of members in the years
Have only national states as participators
Cities and subnational governments
Short Term Pollutants
International maritime transport
Fluorinated gases
Supply chain emission reductions
Energy Access and Efficiency
Private Finance
No Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No No
Last update: 9 July 2019 14:24:54
Not only have national states as participators
Retrieved from "http://climateinitiativesplatform.org/index.php?title=Initiative_20x20&oldid=16711"
Climate initiative


text:
/*!
 * \file   src_record_ostream.cpp
 * \author Andrey Semashev
 * \date   23.08.2015
 *
 * \brief  This header contains tests for the log record formatting output stream.
 */

#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE src_record_ostream

#include <locale>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
#include <boost/utility/string_view.hpp>
#include <boost/log/core/record.hpp>
#include <boost/log/sources/record_ostream.hpp>
#include <boost/log/expressions/message.hpp>
#include <boost/log/attributes/value_extraction.hpp>
#include "char_definitions.hpp"
#include "make_record.hpp"

namespace logging = boost::log;
namespace expr = boost::log::expressions;

namespace {

struct unreferencable_data
{
    unsigned int m : 2;
    unsigned int n : 6;

    enum my_enum
    {
        one = 1,
        two = 2
    };

    // The following static constants don't have definitions, so they can only be used in constant expressions.
    // Trying to bind a reference to these members will result in linking errors.
    static const int x = 7;
    static const my_enum y = one;

    unreferencable_data()
    {
        m = 1;
        n = 5;
    }
};

template< typename CharT >
struct test_impl
{
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef test_data< char_type > strings;
    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
    typedef logging::basic_record_ostream< char_type > record_ostream_type;

    template< typename StringT >
    static void width_formatting()
    {
        // Check that widening works
        {
            logging::record rec = make_record();
            BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
            record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);
            strm_fmt << strings::abc() << std::setw(8) << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();
            strm_fmt.flush();
            string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

            ostream_type strm_correct;
            strm_correct << strings::abc() << std::setw(8) << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();

            BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
        }

        // Check that the string is not truncated
        {
            logging::record rec = make_record();
            BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
            record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);
            strm_fmt << strings::abc() << std::setw(1) << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();
            strm_fmt.flush();
            string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

            ostream_type strm_correct;
            strm_correct << strings::abc() << std::setw(1) << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();

            BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
        }
    }

    template< typename StringT >
    static void fill_formatting()
    {
        logging::record rec = make_record();
        BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
        record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);
        strm_fmt << strings::abc() << std::setfill(static_cast< char_type >('x')) << std::setw(8) << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();
        strm_fmt.flush();
        string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

        ostream_type strm_correct;
        strm_correct << strings::abc() << std::setfill(static_cast< char_type >('x')) << std::setw(8) << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();

        BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
    }

    template< typename StringT >
    static void alignment()
    {
        // Left alignment
        {
            logging::record rec = make_record();
            BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
            record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);
            strm_fmt << strings::abc() << std::setw(8) << std::left << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();
            strm_fmt.flush();
            string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

            ostream_type strm_correct;
            strm_correct << strings::abc() << std::setw(8) << std::left << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();

            BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
        }

        // Right alignment
        {
            logging::record rec = make_record();
            BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
            record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);
            strm_fmt << strings::abc() << std::setw(8) << std::right << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();
            strm_fmt.flush();
            string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

            ostream_type strm_correct;
            strm_correct << strings::abc() << std::setw(8) << std::right << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();

            BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
        }
    }

#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
    template< typename StringT >
    static void rvalue_stream()
    {
        logging::record rec = make_record();
        BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
        record_ostream_type(rec) << strings::abc() << std::setw(8) << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC() << std::flush;
        string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

        ostream_type strm_correct;
        strm_correct << strings::abc() << std::setw(8) << (StringT)strings::abcd() << strings::ABC();

        BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
    }
#endif

    static void output_unreferencable_data()
    {
        unreferencable_data data;
        {
            logging::record rec = make_record();
            BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
            record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);
            strm_fmt << data.m << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << data.n << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << unreferencable_data::x << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << unreferencable_data::y;
            strm_fmt.flush();
            string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

            ostream_type strm_correct;
            strm_correct << static_cast< unsigned int >(data.m) << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << static_cast< unsigned int >(data.n) << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << static_cast< int >(unreferencable_data::x) << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << static_cast< int >(unreferencable_data::y);

            BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
        }
#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
        {
            logging::record rec = make_record();
            BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
            record_ostream_type(rec) << data.m << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << data.n << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << unreferencable_data::x << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << unreferencable_data::y << std::flush;
            string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

            ostream_type strm_correct;
            strm_correct << static_cast< unsigned int >(data.m) << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << static_cast< unsigned int >(data.n) << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << static_cast< int >(unreferencable_data::x) << static_cast< char_type >(' ') << static_cast< int >(unreferencable_data::y);

            BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
        }
#endif
    }

    static void formatting_params_restoring()
    {
        record_ostream_type strm_fmt;
        {
            logging::record rec = make_record();
            BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
            strm_fmt.attach_record(rec);
            strm_fmt << std::setw(8) << std::setfill(static_cast< char_type >('x')) << std::hex << 15;
            strm_fmt.flush();
            string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);
            strm_fmt.detach_from_record();

            ostream_type strm_correct;
            strm_correct << std::setw(8) << std::setfill(static_cast< char_type >('x')) << std::hex << 15;

            BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
        }

        // Check that the formatting flags are reset for the next record
        {
            logging::record rec = make_record();
            BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
            strm_fmt.attach_record(rec);
            strm_fmt << 15;
            strm_fmt.flush();
            string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);
            strm_fmt.detach_from_record();

            ostream_type strm_correct;
            strm_correct << 15;

            BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
        }
    }
};

} // namespace

// Test support for width formatting
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(width_formatting, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef test_impl< CharT > test;
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE width_formatting< const CharT* >();
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE width_formatting< typename test::string_type >();
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE width_formatting< boost::basic_string_view< CharT > >();
}

// Test support for filler character setup
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(fill_formatting, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef test_impl< CharT > test;
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE fill_formatting< const CharT* >();
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE fill_formatting< typename test::string_type >();
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE fill_formatting< boost::basic_string_view< CharT > >();
}

// Test support for text alignment
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(alignment, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef test_impl< CharT > test;
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE alignment< const CharT* >();
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE alignment< typename test::string_type >();
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE alignment< boost::basic_string_view< CharT > >();
}

#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
// Test support for rvalue stream objects
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(rvalue_stream, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef test_impl< CharT > test;
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE rvalue_stream< const CharT* >();
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE rvalue_stream< typename test::string_type >();
    test::BOOST_NESTED_TEMPLATE rvalue_stream< boost::basic_string_view< CharT > >();
}
#endif

// Test output of data to which a reference cannot be bound
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(output_unreferencable_data, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef test_impl< CharT > test;
    test::output_unreferencable_data();
}

// Test that formatting settings are reset for new log records
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(formatting_params_restoring, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef test_impl< CharT > test;
    test::formatting_params_restoring();
}

namespace my_namespace {

class A {};
template< typename CharT, typename TraitsT >
inline std::basic_ostream< CharT, TraitsT >& operator<< (std::basic_ostream< CharT, TraitsT >& strm, A const&)
{
    strm << "A";
    return strm;
}

class B {};
template< typename CharT, typename TraitsT >
inline std::basic_ostream< CharT, TraitsT >& operator<< (std::basic_ostream< CharT, TraitsT >& strm, B&)
{
    strm << "B";
    return strm;
}

class C {};
template< typename CharT, typename TraitsT >
inline std::basic_ostream< CharT, TraitsT >& operator<< (std::basic_ostream< CharT, TraitsT >& strm, C const&)
{
    strm << "C";
    return strm;
}

enum E { eee };
template< typename CharT, typename TraitsT >
inline std::basic_ostream< CharT, TraitsT >& operator<< (std::basic_ostream< CharT, TraitsT >& strm, E)
{
    strm << "E";
    return strm;
}

} // namespace my_namespace

// Test operator forwarding
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(operator_forwarding, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
    typedef logging::basic_record_ostream< char_type > record_ostream_type;

    logging::record rec = make_record();
    BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
    record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);

    const my_namespace::A a = my_namespace::A(); // const lvalue
    my_namespace::B b; // lvalue
    strm_fmt << a << b << my_namespace::C(); // rvalue
    strm_fmt << my_namespace::eee;
    strm_fmt.flush();
    string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

    ostream_type strm_correct;
    strm_correct << a << b << my_namespace::C() << my_namespace::eee;

    BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
}

namespace my_namespace2 {

class A {};
template< typename CharT >
inline logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& operator<< (logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& strm, A const&)
{
    strm << "A";
    return strm;
}

class B {};
template< typename CharT >
inline logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& operator<< (logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& strm, B&)
{
    strm << "B";
    return strm;
}

class C {};
template< typename CharT >
inline logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& operator<< (logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& strm, C const&)
{
    strm << "C";
    return strm;
}

class D {};
template< typename CharT >
inline logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& operator<< (logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& strm,
#if !defined(BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES)
    D&&
#else
    D const&
#endif
    )
{
    strm << "D";
    return strm;
}

enum E { eee };
template< typename CharT >
inline logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& operator<< (logging::basic_record_ostream< CharT >& strm, E)
{
    strm << "E";
    return strm;
}

} // namespace my_namespace2

// Test operator overriding
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(operator_overriding, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
    typedef logging::basic_record_ostream< char_type > record_ostream_type;

    logging::record rec = make_record();
    BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
    record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);

    const my_namespace2::A a = my_namespace2::A(); // const lvalue
    my_namespace2::B b; // lvalue
    strm_fmt << a << b << my_namespace2::C() << my_namespace2::D(); // rvalue
    strm_fmt << my_namespace2::eee;
    strm_fmt.flush();
    string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

    ostream_type strm_correct;
    strm_correct << "ABCDE";

    BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
}

// Test that operator<< returns a record_ostream
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE(operator_return_type, CharT, char_types)
{
    typedef CharT char_type;
    typedef std::basic_string< char_type > string_type;
    typedef std::basic_ostringstream< char_type > ostream_type;
    typedef logging::basic_record_ostream< char_type > record_ostream_type;

    logging::record rec = make_record();
    BOOST_REQUIRE(!!rec);
    record_ostream_type strm_fmt(rec);

    // The test here verifies that the result of << "Hello" is a record_ostream, not std::ostream or logging::formatting_ostream.
    // The subsequent << A() will only compile if the stream is record_ostream.
    strm_fmt << "Hello " << my_namespace2::A();
    strm_fmt.flush();
    string_type rec_message = logging::extract_or_throw< string_type >(expr::message.get_name(), rec);

    ostream_type strm_correct;
    strm_correct << "Hello A";

    BOOST_CHECK(equal_strings(rec_message, strm_correct.str()));
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Specializing in expressive materials and taking a user-centric approach to design, Doolittle Design Co. builds custom cabinetry that focuses on creating a better user experience. They achieve this by developing a deeper understanding of how you plan to live, interact, and function within the space. They then create a solution that is tailored to your lifestyle and unique personality.


When carving the pumpkins for Halloween, there's no need for the delicious insides to go to waste. Why not turn it all into a yummy meal or snack for the family?
You just need to know where to shop and which recipe to follow and you'll be enjoying a delicious meal in no time.
Wandering around the grower's market on a busy Saturday morning might be a joy for some, but we prefer the merchants of Marketplace Gungahlin. Here you can pick up some fresh bread from Bakers Delight, then head to Mani Asian Supermarket and Woolworths to gather up your fresh and tasty produce.
It may sound complicated, but this prawn and pumpkin curry is actually exceptionally easy to make. And a delight for the senses. The key here is to have all the ingredients prepped and ready before you start cooking. It's best with some steamed basmati rice. Don't forget to top it off with some fried shallots and fresh coriander.
Pumpkin cake you say? Yep, pumpkin cake. Topped off with layers of cream-cheese frosting. A fun take on the traditional pumpkin pie, this pumpkin spice cake makes a beautiful impression even before it hits your mouth. With hints of cinnamon and nutmeg, the cake is moist and delicious. And the frosting is absolutely mouth-watering.
Topped with a sprinkling of amaretti (Italian macaroons), this gnocchi is flavoursome, vegetarian and ready in a mere 30 minutes. If you want to make your own gnocchi, it will take longer but nevertheless, it's still quite a simple meal to make. And the sweet crunch of the amaretti biscuits really works.
Perfect to serve at dinner on Halloween or give out to the trick-or-treaters, these spiced pumpkin cut-out cookies even have pumpkin puree in the biscuit batter. Soft, thick and slightly resembling a cake, the cookies have a subtle pumpkin flavour with just the right amount of spices. Plus, the decorating is a breeze.
Bite-sized and perfect in their mini size, the pumpkin pie tarts only have five ingredients. They're a quick and easy dessert option that you can simply whip up on the day. Best of all, you don't need any special tools to make them – everything can be found in your kitchen already. In fact, the tart shells are made in a mini-muffin tray.
A tip: if you're going to pre-prepare the filling, only pipe it into the shells the day you're going to serve, otherwise the shells will get a bit too soft.
The perfect meal for All Hallow's Eve. A delicious take on an old family favourite – pumpkin soup. Witch's brew pumpkin stew is gluten free and the pumpkin flavours are brought out by a hint of maple syrup. And it takes under an hour to cook. Perfect!
While you can enjoy this dish any time of year, Halloween brings out the pumpkin in all of us. The pumpkin cream sauce that accompanies the baked penne dish has a hint of sweetness, complemented by the savoury flavours of sage and onion. And the buttery crumb topping brings a little crunch to the mix too.
Perfect as a bite-sized snack and a slightly healthier option to hand out to the kids, this pumpkin seed brittle is delicious. The salty-sweet burst of flavour happens when the pumpkin seeds and warm cinnamon and mixed together. Plus, you can snack on it long after Halloween is done, as the brittle keeps for up to a week – if it's not eaten before!
Comfort food generally has a high calorie count, but the kale, pumpkin and bacon pot seems to be the exception. It's hearty and filling but exceptionally good for you so it's great for a midweek dinner or a nourishing meal with friends. Add some crunchy sourdough toast and you've got yourself a winning spread.
Described as a showstopper, the pumpkin caramel poke cake will not disappoint. It's ridiculously easy and it tastes as good as it looks. For those who don't know, it's called a poke cake because after you bake it, holes are poked in the surface and the caramel mixture is poured through. Between the pumpkin base and the sauce, this is definitely one of the moistest cakes you'll ever eat.
Mixing Mexican cuisine with Halloween, these vegetarian tacos are perfect for a Halloween party. They even sport the traditional Halloween colours. Top the taco with some ricotta and balsamic drizzle and the flavours burst. The sweet pumpkin paired with the bitter kale and vinegar dressing, mixed with the crunch of the toast; it's like a party in your mouth.
A most excellent dish to serve on Halloween. The black colour of the chocolate cake contrasted against the orange of the icing, the cake will most definitely fit in with your Halloween decorations. Remember to drizzle the chocolate glaze on top so it oozes down the side.
Grab your crusty loaf of bread and let's whip up some crostini. Perfect for when you're pushed for time, just roast some pumpkin and cube it, add some goat cheese and drizzle some balsamic glaze on top. Simple, quick and delicious!


On Wednesday, Sept. 6, we held our 26th weekly national conference call where we talked about final plans as we head into the People's Convergence Conference on Sept. 8-10 at American University in Washington DC! The weekend will begin on Friday afternoon with a rally and delivery of 50,000 petition signatures to Bernie's office. The opening plenary will be Friday evening followed by The Jimmy Dore Live Show with Jimmy Dore, Lee Camp, and Tim Black. From Friday through Sunday, progressive speakers will present workshops and plenaries covering a variety of important topics.
On Saturday evening, 8:00 pm at the Draft Bernie Town Hall, we'll listen to Dr. Cornel West, Kshama Sawant, Nick Brana, and Jimmy Dore answer questions and discuss the all-important question: Should we try to reform the Democratic Party, or should we start a people's party for the progressive majority free of corporate control? If you can't attend in person, American University will be live streaming this historic event on the Official Draft Bernie YouTube channel.
Join us for an energetic, progressive-filled weekend!


Ottawa, Ontario – February 13, 2018. Today, QUEST announced two new additions to its Board of Directors. Dr. Karen Farbridge, President of Karen Farbridge and Associates (KFA), and Doug Leighton, Vice President of Sustainability at Brookfield Residential.
Dr. Farbridge has over 25 years of experience leading community innovation. Her experience includes 17 years in municipal politics and 11 years as the mayor of Guelph, Ontario, which gained a reputation for sustainability under her leadership.
Doug Leighton brings over 35 years of international experience as an urban designer, planner and architect. He initiated and heads the sustainability platform at Brookfield Residential Properties, a major North American land development and homebuilding company.
"We are thrilled that Karen and Doug have joined the QUEST Board of Directors," said Michael Harcourt, Chair of the Board. Their combined influence in the community and real estate sectors will serve to reinforce QUEST's leadership role as the voice for the Smart Energy Communities marketplace in Canada.
The real-estate sector is continuing to evolve and innovate when it comes to the efficient use of energy in communities and homes – as a land developer and home builder we recognize the role we play and influence we have," said Mr. Leighton. " I am excited to be part of an organization that is helping to shape energy change across Canada.


The brave knight crusader always saves the day, and now it's your turn to play hero with this costume! The classic Renaissance costume includes a maroon, polyester tunic and Velcros in the back for closure. It features a royal crest screenprinted on the chest with a knight helmet, lion, stars and more. The collar, sleeves and bottom are grey and lined with silver trim. The collar also features black trim with silver grommets while silver mesh chain mail on the sleeves give the costume its authentic Medieval look. A black leather-like belt wraps around the waist and has a gold buckle and grommets. Grey boot covers are also included and secure in place with elastic and Velcro. Equip yourself with our sword and shield accessory set to fend off evil!


Volkswagen is set to begin production of their first batch of vehicles in Rwanda this coming spring. The automotive company which is based in Germany is the first vehicle manufacturing company to invest in Africa.
Volkswagen has successfully set up an assembling facility in the Capital, Kigali. The management has confirmed that materials to start production are already on their way to Port of Mombasa in Kenya. However, the plant will begin with the output of Polo Hatchback, Jetta and Teramont models only. They will, however, consider adding production of other models by demand in the market. The new cars will be sold on the Rwanda local market. Reports from Deutsche Welle indicate that the company expects to assemble the first cars by May. The car manufacturer has also announced that they will start rolling out mobility solutions in this year's second quarter. Mobility solutions will be the first-ever program in the world and are expected to impact positively on vehicle use and ownership.
Volkswagen has made several investments in Africa over the last few years. They established assembling plants in Kenya and Nigeria back in 2016, South Africa and the fourth is Rwanda. VW aims at expanding its automotive businesses in Africa stating that the continent has a favorable market. The company also predicts growth of up to 40 percent in car sales in Africa within the coming five years. Managing Director of VW in South Africa says that Rwanda feels right for their company and they are determined, focused and willed in implementing this project.
VW plans to engage Aurora Company based in Silicon Valley in assembling self-driving cars. Its management revealed this in early January. The project will be launched by 2021, and VW is hopeful that both companies will cooperate in bringing this project to life.


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A unidentified Kenyan in Stockholm has today taken the dramatic step of staging a one-woman's "Placard Protest" in an underground train station. The Kenyan woman hanged a placard on her neck as she sat in the train, much to the consternation of commuters. In her message, she sought to dissuade potential tourists from visiting Kenya following what, she wrote, is the stripping of women and sexual abuse "in broad day light". She was not immediately available for comment.
What is the relevance? Who is your audience? Are you aware there are already more Swedes in Kenya than there are Kenyans in Sweden? Probably not aware that they launched their biggest Embassy worldwide in Kenya too.
Moreover, get yourself a lesson or two in grammar.. And perhaps a few more in media and presentation before humiliating yourself with this verbal diarrhoea making you look like a laughing stock. What is it you want? Attention? Then go to your father!