text:
Dietary intake and...
Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies
CCBYNC Open access
BMJ 2021; 375 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2213 (Published 14 October 2021) Cite this as: BMJ 2021;375:n2213
Linked Research
Current evidence on dietary intakes of fatty acids and mortality
Sina Naghshi, masters student1 2,
Dagfinn Aune, associate professor3 4 5 6,
Joseph Beyene, professor of biostatistics7 8,
Sara Mobarak, assistant professor of infectious disease9,
Masoomeh Asadi, masters of operation room10,
Omid Sadeghi, professor of nutrition11 12
1Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
4Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
5Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
6Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
7Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
8Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
9Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
10Department of Operating Room Nursing, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
11Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
12Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Correspondence to: O Sadeghi omidsadeghi69{at}yahoo.com
Accepted 7 September 2021
Objective To examine the associations between dietary intake and tissue biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and risk of mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer.
Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Data sources PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar to 30 April 2021.
Study selection Prospective cohort studies that reported the risk estimates for death from all causes, CVD, and cancer.
Data synthesis Summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the highest versus lowest categories of ALA intake using random effects and fixed effects models. Linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to assess the dose-response associations between ALA intake and mortality.
Results 41 articles from prospective cohort studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, totalling 1 197 564 participants. During follow-up ranging from two to 32 years, 198 113 deaths from all causes, 62 773 from CVD, and 65 954 from cancer were recorded. High intake of ALA compared with low intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of deaths from all causes (pooled relative risk 0.90, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.97, I2=77.8%, 15 studies), CVD (0.92, 0.86 to 0.99, I2=48.2%, n=16), and coronary heart disease (CHD) (0.89, 0.81 to 0.97, I2=5.6%, n=9), and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality (1.06, 1.02 to 1.11, I2=3.8%, n=10). In the dose-response analysis, a 1 g/day increase in ALA intake (equivalent to one tablespoon of canola oil or 0.5 ounces of walnut) was associated with a 5% lower risk of all cause (0.95, 0.91 to 0.99, I2=76.2%, n=12) and CVD mortality (0.95, 0.91 to 0.98, I2=30.7%, n=14). The pooled relative risks for the highest compared with lowest tissue levels of ALA indicated a significant inverse association with all cause mortality (0.95, 0.90 to 0.99, I2=8.2%, n=26). Also, based on the dose-response analysis, each 1 standard deviation increment in blood concentrations of ALA was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality (0.92, 0.86 to 0.98, I2=37.1%, n=14).
Conclusions The findings show that dietary ALA intake is associated with a reduced risk of mortality from all causes, CVD, and CHD, and a slightly higher risk of cancer mortality, whereas higher blood levels of ALA are associated with a reduced risk of all cause and CHD mortality only.
Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42021229487.
Contributors: OS and MA (Asadi.masoomeh@ymail.com) are joint corresponding authors and were equally involved in the study. OS and SN searched the literature and extracted data. SN and DA analysed the data. OS and SN drafted the manuscript, which was critically revised for important intellectual content by all authors. JB drafted the manuscript and analysed the data. SM and MA obtained funding and edited the manuscript. OS supervised the study. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. OS is the guarantor. The corresponding author attests that all listed authors meet authorship criteria and that no others meeting the criteria have been omitted.
Funding: This study was funded by the Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran (grant No 871). The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/disclosure-of-interest/ and declare: support from the Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran, for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisation that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.
The corresponding authors (OS and MA) affirm that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported. No important aspects of the study have been omitted and any discrepancies from the study as planned have been disclosed.
Dissemination to participants and related patient and public communities: We plan to disseminate these findings to participants in our annual newsletter.
No additional data available.
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Sina Naghshi masters student, Dagfinn Aune associate professor, Joseph Beyene professor of biostatistics, Sara Mobarak assistant professor of infectious disease, Masoomeh Asadi masters of operation room, View ORCID ProfileOmid Sadeghi professor of nutrition et al
Naghshi S, Aune D, Beyene J, Mobarak S, Asadi M, Sadeghi O et al.
Dietary intake and biomarkers of alpha linolenic acid and risk of all cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies BMJ 2021; 375 :n2213 doi:10.1136/bmj.n2213
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Tourism & Local Info Profile of Horley
A Profile of Horley
Welcome to Horley
Horley is a commuter town situated close to London and Gatwick airport, providing good employment prospects for our residents. As of the 2011 census there were 23,000 people residing within the Horley parish boundary, of which 19,545 are registered electors (as of January 2020). With new residential developments becoming occupied since the last census, this figure is likely to rise significantly, with associated housing growth underpinning economic growth.
Early in its history, Horley was owned by the Benedictine Abbey of St Peter at Chertsey. Following the dissolution of the monasteries in 1539, the land passed on to Henry VIII who sold or gifted the land of a variety of people.
By 1602, Horley has come to be wholly owned by Christ's Hospital, London. Charts from this time show that Horley consisted of three settlements around the western and northern edges of a huge open common: one by St Bartholomew's Church and the Six Bells Inn, another by a watermill which once stood by the River Mole, and a final settlement in the North where Horley Row is found today.
At the start of the Nineteenth Century Horley only had a population of less than 1000 people. In 1841, the railway was laid across the common and the first Horley station came into operation to serve its population. From that point the town of Horley grew steadily to around 8000 people in 1940. Following the Second World War, Horley's primary industry rapidly shifted away from agriculture to providing services and workers for Gatwick Airport, which had become continental airport in 1936, as well as housing increasing numbers of commuters who worked in London. *
Horley is well provided with supermarket shopping and a growing range of specialist/niche shops. Community activities are further supported by the Archway Theatre, Horley Library Regent Hall, and several community centres around the town.
Recreational facilities, playgrounds, sports fields, allotments, and the Town's green spaces are well managed with new, additional facilities planned as part of the regeneration plan for Horley. Recent projects include the resurfacing of Horley Recreation Ground's tennis courts, the construction of a new café to service the Recreation Ground, and an extension of the Recreation Ground's parking to facilitate better access for users.
Horley is a very safe and friendly town with little crime and anti-social behaviour and we are well supported by the local police. Three medical centres and several pharmacies provide Horley with good access to health care. The town also sits near East Surrey Hospital, which provides a full range of medical services including an A&E facility. Recently we have also introduced several defibrillators locations into local shops and public spaces.
The Council runs and supports various community events. Regular town events include Horley in Bloom, a competition with categories in gardening and landscaping open to residents and businesses, the Horley Carnival, A procession of floats and marching bands made their way through the town to Horley Recreation Ground where there were many stalls, a funfair and arena events, and Horley Lions Bonfire and Fireworks night, an event organised by Horley Lions which raises funds for charities and good causes.
There are two industrial parks within the town boundary namely The Metro and Bridge Industrial Estates. These, together with other commercial premises in the town, cover a wide range of retail, industrial, and commercial operations, totalling over 100 separate businesses.
Horley's proximity to Gatwick airport makes it a convenient gateway to London and the South coast. The town has a thriving hotel/guest house industry to meet the accommodation needs of our visitors coupled with a growing reputation for independent shops and a good range of restaurants.
Our vision seeks to allow Horley to become a prosperous town featuring sustainable economic growth, better employment opportunities, quality neighbourhoods with a range of housing schemes, an improved complement of shops to rejuvenate the scope of High Street retail, excellent cultural and leisure amenities as well as a diverse range of facilities to benefit the whole community.
* Adapted from the Horley Local History Society's webpage: About Horley, Horley Local History Society, https://www.horleyhistory.org.uk/about-horley/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


WAM's artist development classes develop the careers and creativity of local women musicians, songwriters and composers. We provide access to music production and technology training, industry professionals (management, booking agents, producers, etc.), internet exposure, and performance and recording opportunities, all within a supportive community.
Song/Demo Review Sessions moderated by industry professionals. Get feedback on your songs/demos and career advice in a supportive environment.
Recording and Live Sound Technology Workshops tailored to musicians and songwriters. Learn the basics of the technology so you can better achieve the sound that you want and also learn about technology that can aid in the composition process. Learn to set up a PA and the best way to do a sound check.


text:
Meet Singularity Black, the Blackest Paint on the Market
Singularity Black is a solvent-based paint that absorbs almost all light and makes objects look utterly flat.
Claire VoonAugust 11, 2017
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Singularity Black as tested on a screw and aluminum foil by NanoLab (GIF by the author via YouTube)
Step aside, Vantablack. There's a new superblack paint in town.
Named to reference the center of a black hole, Singularity Black is a solvent-based paint full of carbon nanotubes that absorb almost all light, from the visible to the long-wave infrared, that falls on them. You can apply it with a brush or even with a spray gun, to make objects look utterly flat, even if their surfaces are incredibly textured. The above screw, for instance, was coated in Singularity Black, and it disappears when set against a sheet of wrinkled aluminum foil, also coated in the pigment.
Singularity Black
The paint was developed by Massachusetts-based manufacturer NanoLab, completely independent of Vantablack's own evolution by the UK-based Surrey NanoSystems. NanoLab has been conducting research for NASA since 2011 to develop nanostructure optical black materials that can suppress glare on the space agency's equipment, so Singularity Black paint is an especially significant tool for the aerospace and optics community.
But NanoLab is also making it available to artists, unlike Vantablack, to which Anish Kapoor has infamously received exclusive rights to use. The company even has ongoing research and development efforts directed entirely towards the arts community, according to Dr. Colin Preston, a senior research scientist at NanoLab.
"NanoLab offers a coating service to anyone interested in sending us pieces that can withstand the processing conditions for our experienced staff to coat at our lab facility, but we are open to sharing this entire process with any artist that wants to use Singularity Black in their own studio," Preston told Hyperallergic.
Boston-based artist Jason Chase had the immense privilege of premiering the paint as an art tool a few weeks ago, unveiling in his studio the very first artwork coated in Singularity Black. "Black Iron Ursa" consists of a painted gummy bear sculpture made from cast iron, resting atop a wooden, rainbow-hued carousel that emphasizes the candy's blackness. It will be on view at Boston's Laconia Gallery on August 24 and again at Somerville's Artisan's Asylum on September 6; Chase and NanoLab's scientists will be present on both days to field questions from the public on Singularity Black.
Jason Chase, "Black Iron Ursa" (2017) (image courtesy the artist)
Jason Chase, detail of "Black Iron Ursa" (2017) (image courtesy the artist)
"Light and color is a huge percentage of what a painter's concern is," Chase told Hyperallergic. "So, absolutely, having the blackest, black paint to incorporate is really interesting. But in order to use it in really smart ways, it's going to take experimentation, and that's exciting."
Singularity Black is technically less black than Vantablack, which is also chock-full of carbon nanotubes. The latter exhibits lower reflectance in the visible range — about 0.2% total hemispherical reflectance (THR) at 700 nm — and Singularity Black exhibits about 1.15% THR at 700 nm, Preston said.
Before and after of a coper plate coated in Singularity Black (photo courtesy NanoLab)
But Singularity Black has the lowest visible reflectance of any paint in the world that is generally available to the public. You can buy it right now, by contacting NanoLab's sales department, in volumes of 250mL, 500mL, or 1000mL. Preston, however, advises that artists first purchase a 20mL artist sample to experiment with Singularity Black and get acquainted with the prescribed coating techniques and its required treatment process. The artist sample, which resembles a vial of nail polish, costs $30 (shipping not included).
As a specialty paint, Singularity Black comes with a few complications and caveats. Although it has a consistency similar to nail polish, it's fragile, and will wipe off if you touch it even slightly. Chase also finds that he has to apply at least 15 coats of it for it to display its full capacities. The layers do dry almost instantly — but once completely dry, an artwork has be heated to about 575˚F in air to eliminate a binder in the paint and yield a surface coating that has exceptionally strong light absorbance, as Preston explained. That limits the range of materials that can receive the paint; you'll be okay with most metals and ceramics, but you can forget about painting your living room walls with the stuff, unless you want to burn your home down in the process. NanoLab hopes to introduce a new version of the paint that requires a much lower processing temperature in the near future, though, so stay tuned. In the meantime, the company is encouraging new users to work with its researchers to achieve the "most dramatic black possible while maintaining proper safety standards," as Preston said.
"We are working to develop new versions of Singularity Black paint that can drive down its cost while further enhancing its properties," he added. "This is a very new material, and thus there are still lots of possibilities."
To Chase, the paint's complexities represent exciting challenges for artists to work around. He's been playing with Singularity Black in his studio, testing it on small samples of various materials and along the way posting detailed records of his experiments online so artists can get a better sense of the paint's potential and its limitations.
"There's going to be certain things that artists are going to do, where there's no point in using Singularity Black," he told Hyperallergic. "You could make a drawing in Singularity Black, but if it's a piece [that requires] single brushstrokes — like a calligraphy piece — after you bake it, it's not going to be functioning at the level it can. But I think there can be incredibly avant-garde works made with the implications of looking at something so black that your brain can't really figure it out."
His black metal gummy bear is the first of many pieces Chase will make with Singularity Black, and he has plans to one day curate a group exhibition that showcases artworks made with the paint. In our conversation, he emphasized over and over again the importance that the paint be made available to all artists so its possibilities will not be stunted.
"Artists have always been the first to get ahold of new material and technologies and push them to limits that the engineers and scientists didn't even know were possible," Chase said. "To be a part of that is so exciting."
Jason ChaseNanoLabSingularity BlackVantablack
Images of 100,000 Artworks From Paris Museum Collections Now Freely Available to the Public


text:
A high-accuracy consensus map of yeast protein complexes reveals modular nature of gene essentiality
G. Traver Hart, Insuk Lee, Edward R. Marcotte
Background: Identifying all protein complexes in an organism is a major goal of systems biology. In the past 18 months, the results of two genome-scale tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) assays in yeast have been published, along with corresponding complex maps. For most complexes, the published data sets were surprisingly uncorrelated. It is therefore useful to consider the raw data from each study and generate an accurate complex map from a high-confidence data set that integrates the results of these and earlier assays. Results: Using an unsupervised probabilistic scoring scheme, we assigned a confidence score to each interaction in the matrix-model interpretation of the large-scale yeast mass-spectrometry data sets. The scoring metric proved more accurate than the filtering schemes used in the original data sets. We then took a high-confidence subset of these interactions and derived a set of complexes using MCL. The complexes show high correlation with existing annotations. Hierarchical organization of some protein complexes is evident from inter-complex interactions. Conclusion: We demonstrate that our scoring method can generate an integrated high-confidence subset of observed matrix-model interactions, which we subsequently used to derive an accurate map of yeast complexes. Our results indicate that essentiality is a product of the protein complex rather than the individual protein, and that we have achieved near saturation of the yeast high-abundance, rich-media-expressed "complex-ome."
BMC bioinformatics
Fungal Proteins
Matrix Models
Hart, G. T., Lee, I., & Marcotte, E. R. (2007). A high-accuracy consensus map of yeast protein complexes reveals modular nature of gene essentiality. BMC bioinformatics, 8, [236]. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-8-236
Hart, G. Traver ; Lee, Insuk ; Marcotte, Edward R. / A high-accuracy consensus map of yeast protein complexes reveals modular nature of gene essentiality. In: BMC bioinformatics. 2007 ; Vol. 8.
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author = "Hart, {G. Traver} and Insuk Lee and Marcotte, {Edward R.}",
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journal = "BMC Bioinformatics",
Hart, GT, Lee, I & Marcotte, ER 2007, 'A high-accuracy consensus map of yeast protein complexes reveals modular nature of gene essentiality', BMC bioinformatics, vol. 8, 236. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-8-236
A high-accuracy consensus map of yeast protein complexes reveals modular nature of gene essentiality. / Hart, G. Traver; Lee, Insuk; Marcotte, Edward R.
In: BMC bioinformatics, Vol. 8, 236, 02.07.2007.
T1 - A high-accuracy consensus map of yeast protein complexes reveals modular nature of gene essentiality
AU - Hart, G. Traver
AU - Lee, Insuk
AU - Marcotte, Edward R.
N2 - Background: Identifying all protein complexes in an organism is a major goal of systems biology. In the past 18 months, the results of two genome-scale tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) assays in yeast have been published, along with corresponding complex maps. For most complexes, the published data sets were surprisingly uncorrelated. It is therefore useful to consider the raw data from each study and generate an accurate complex map from a high-confidence data set that integrates the results of these and earlier assays. Results: Using an unsupervised probabilistic scoring scheme, we assigned a confidence score to each interaction in the matrix-model interpretation of the large-scale yeast mass-spectrometry data sets. The scoring metric proved more accurate than the filtering schemes used in the original data sets. We then took a high-confidence subset of these interactions and derived a set of complexes using MCL. The complexes show high correlation with existing annotations. Hierarchical organization of some protein complexes is evident from inter-complex interactions. Conclusion: We demonstrate that our scoring method can generate an integrated high-confidence subset of observed matrix-model interactions, which we subsequently used to derive an accurate map of yeast complexes. Our results indicate that essentiality is a product of the protein complex rather than the individual protein, and that we have achieved near saturation of the yeast high-abundance, rich-media-expressed "complex-ome."
AB - Background: Identifying all protein complexes in an organism is a major goal of systems biology. In the past 18 months, the results of two genome-scale tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) assays in yeast have been published, along with corresponding complex maps. For most complexes, the published data sets were surprisingly uncorrelated. It is therefore useful to consider the raw data from each study and generate an accurate complex map from a high-confidence data set that integrates the results of these and earlier assays. Results: Using an unsupervised probabilistic scoring scheme, we assigned a confidence score to each interaction in the matrix-model interpretation of the large-scale yeast mass-spectrometry data sets. The scoring metric proved more accurate than the filtering schemes used in the original data sets. We then took a high-confidence subset of these interactions and derived a set of complexes using MCL. The complexes show high correlation with existing annotations. Hierarchical organization of some protein complexes is evident from inter-complex interactions. Conclusion: We demonstrate that our scoring method can generate an integrated high-confidence subset of observed matrix-model interactions, which we subsequently used to derive an accurate map of yeast complexes. Our results indicate that essentiality is a product of the protein complex rather than the individual protein, and that we have achieved near saturation of the yeast high-abundance, rich-media-expressed "complex-ome."
U2 - 10.1186/1471-2105-8-236
DO - 10.1186/1471-2105-8-236
JO - BMC Bioinformatics
JF - BMC Bioinformatics
Hart GT, Lee I, Marcotte ER. A high-accuracy consensus map of yeast protein complexes reveals modular nature of gene essentiality. BMC bioinformatics. 2007 Jul 2;8. 236. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-8-236


During this concise account of why the US used atomic bombs opposed to Japan in 1945, J. Samuel Walker analyzes the explanations at the back of President Truman's such a lot debatable determination. He delineates what was once recognized and never identified via American leaders on the time and evaluates the position of U.S.-Soviet kin and American household politics. during this new version, Walker takes under consideration fresh scholarship at the subject, together with new details at the jap selection to give up. He has revised the publication to put extra emphasis at the impact of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in convincing the emperor and his advisers to surrender the struggle. emerging above a regularly polemical debate, Walker offers an available synthesis of prior paintings and a massive, unique contribution to our knowing of the occasions that ushered within the atomic age.
An outstanding advent to the elemental suggestions of nuclear medication physicsThis 3rd version of necessities of Nuclear drugs Physics and Instrumentation expands the finely constructed illustrated overview and introductory consultant to nuclear medication physics and instrumentation. in addition to basic, revolutionary, hugely illustrated issues, the authors current nuclear medicine-related physics and engineering options truly and concisely.
The fabric during this quantity used to be ready and picked up during the last 4 years with the transforming into recognition technical revolution was once in growth for diagnostic medication. It grew to become transparent that for the big variety of imaging tools and techniques discovering their method into purposes for examine and scientific drugs, there has been an absence of reference and textual content books for the scientist and engineer starting within the box.
This booklet offers an summary on nuclear physics and effort creation from nuclear fission. It serves as a readable and trustworthy resource of knowledge for a person who desires to have a well-balanced opinion approximately exploitation of nuclear fission in strength crops. The textual content is split into components; the 1st covers the fundamentals of nuclear forces and houses of nuclei, nuclear collisions, nuclear balance, radioactivity, and gives a close dialogue of nuclear fission and correct subject matters in its software to power construction.
The historical evidence makes clear that the popular view about the use of the bomb is a mythological construct for the following reasons: (1) there were other options available for ending the war within a reasonably short time without the bomb and without an invasion; (2) Truman and his key advisers believed that Japan was so weak that the war could end before an invasion began, that is, they did Page 6 not regard an invasion as inevitable; and (3) even in the worst case, if an invasion of Japan proved to be necessary, military planners in the summer of 1945 projected the number of American lives lost at far fewer than the hundreds of thousands that Truman and his advisers claimed after the war.
In the battle for the barren island of Iwo Jima in February 1945, Americans sustained heavy casualties at the hands of the Japanese, who allowed them to land with little resistance but then attacked in force from well-concealed pillboxes and concrete bunkers. The Americans eventually prevailed, but for the first time in the island campaign they suffered more casualties (though not more fatalities) than their foes. The Japanese again held out to the death; more than 18,000 out of a garrison of 21,000 died, and only slightly more than 200 surrendered (the rest were unaccounted for).
Truman won greater affection and esteem from the American people after his presidency, and especially after his death, than he ever achieved when he occupied the White House. In the public image of his performance as president that gradually emerged after he left office, he was honest, forthright, confident, and decisive (guided by the sign on his desk, "The Buck Stops Here"). In popular perceptions, he was, despite his limited formal education and executive experience, instinctively right in his policy judgments, using down-to-earth common sense to address complicated issues.


Part of all the Christmas chaos and fun is to bake and decorate Christmas cookies. This recipe for German Christmas cookies couldn't be easier and the cookies are about as light and sweet as they come. If you can manage some self-control, you'll have a big batch of cookies to decorate for a fun holiday activity with the kiddos. These cookies couldn't be more simple, which is probably why a recipe like this has stuck around for so many years, it's time-tested to be delicious.
Powdered sugar is the magic ingredient here. It is so much lighter than granulated sugar and has a subtle sweetness, which makes these cookies so light in texture. And without butter, we're not getting anywhere! So sugar and butter are two super important ingredients for creating the perfect cookie. For added depth of flavor, we're not using one but two flavored extracts – vanilla and almond extract and they work in harmony here to add a light and sweet taste to the cookie. To get just the right texture, the dough does need to spend some time in the refrigerator, so this is a make-ahead dough, but rest assured, this batch will make a TON of cookies. So you don't have to bake them all in one go.
This cookie recipe is pretty darn good on its own, but adding a little sugary decoration never hurt a cookie. Each cookie is like a blank canvas just waiting for some colorful sweet frosting to make the cookie look festive. And did we mention this recipe makes a TON of cookies? You'll have more than you know what to do with, and definitely plenty of cookies to leave out for Santa. A German Christmas cookie is a holiday recipe that families have made for generations, with the tradition passed along to each new generation as a cookie gift for the Christmas season.
Mix flour, salt, and baking powder in a bowl until well blended. Set aside.
Beat butter, powdered sugar, almond and vanilla extract until creamy. Add ⅓ of flour mixture and mix, followed by 1 egg. Repeat, adding ⅓ flour mixed in and then 1 egg. Add remaining flour and beat until fully mixed.
Remove dough from mixing bowl and wrap in plastic wrap. Refrigerate dough overnight.
Lightly flour cutting board or clean countertop. Cut off ⅓ of cookie dough and return remaining dough to refrigerator.
Roll dough with a floured rolling pin to ¼-inch thickness. Use a cookie cutter - any shape - to cut out shapes. Re-roll scraps of dough until all has been used.
Bake for 8-10 minutes or until the edges are just golden in color. Repeat process with refrigerated cookie dough to make more cookies.
Cool completely on a wire rack. Once cooled, cookies are ready to frost (optional).
Recipe adapted from Perfecting the Pairing.


text:
Q: Not able to get console logs on firefox webdriver I am using  Firefox version 53. Geckodriver version 0.16, selenium version 3.4. I want totake console logs of webdriver
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
d = DesiredCapabilities.FIREFOX
d['loggingPrefs'] = {'browser': 'ALL'}
driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=d)
driver.set_window_size(1280,1024)
driver.get('http://google.com')
try:
    for entry in driver.get_log('browser'):
        print entry
finally:
    driver.quit()

Console output
C:\Python27\python.exe C:/Users/GS-0758/PycharmProjects/untitled1/test.py
Starting selenium session
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:/Users/GS-0758/PycharmProjects/untitled1/test.py", line 5, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(capabilities=d)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\firefox\webdriver.py", line 153, in __init__
    keep_alive=True)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 99, in __init__
    self.start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 189, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 253, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py", line 194, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: loggingPrefs was not a the name of a known capability or a valid extension capability

A: It's known issue, you can check it here

geckodriver is an implementation of W3C WebDriver which doesn't
  specify a log interface at the moment, so this is expected behaviour.

https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/issues/330

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
HOME » Biography » Celebrities » Actors
Adeniyi Johnson Biography: Net Worth, Child, Age, Wife, Daughter, Height, Wikipedia, State Of Origin, House, Instagram
Adeniyi Johnson (born 27 February 1978) is a 44 years old famous actor and filmmaker from Nigeria.
The actor's career is staged in the Nigerian movie industry Nollywood, as he has been featured in over 100 movies.
Known as Niyi by his close friends and fans, the actor is also in the spotlight for being the former husband of Nollywood actress, Toyin Abraham.
Nigerian actor
Adeniyi Johnson
Adeniyi Johnson: History, Bio, Photo
Wiki Facts & About Data
Full Name: Adeniyi Johnson
Born: 27 February 1978 (age 44 years old)
Place of Birth: Lagos, Nigeria
State Of Origin: Lagos State
Nationality: Nigerian
Parents: N/A
Siblings: N/A
Spouse • Wife: Toyin Abraham (m. 2013–2016), Oluwaseyi Edun (curr.)
Occupation: Actor • Filmmaker
Net Worth: US$400,000
Adeniyi Johnson was born in Lagos State on the 27th of February, 1978.
He was born and raised in the Ikotun area of Lagos.
He was born into a middle-class family in the Yoruba-populated state of Lagos.
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However, the actor once disclosed that although his parents were not particularly rich, they never failed to provide him with the basic needs of a growing child.
Adeniyi Johnson's educational pursuit first started with studying mass communication at the Polytechnic of Ibadan (Ibadan Poly).
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Later on, he proceeded to the Lagos State University to gain a degree in History and International Relations.
Adeniyi Johnson started his acting ventures with church performances. The passion grew from there, and he pursued a career in acting after school.
However, his breakthrough in acting happened after he featured in the popular Mnet TV series, Tinsel. After much consideration, he left Tinsel because of a lack of recognition to join the Yoruba section of Nollywood.
As a result, he started starring in movies where the Yoruba language is mostly used, and within a short time, he dominated the space.
Adeniyi Johnson's versatility as an actor has placed him as one of the highest-paid Yoruba actors currently. Moreso, some of his notable movie credits include Meet the In-laws, Blogger's Wife, Afopina, Ori Ola, Ogo Mi, Eta Oko, etc.
Due to his fine display and awesome role expressions, the actor won the 2018 edition of the City People Movie Award for Best Supporting Actor of the Year (Yoruba).
The award-winning actor, Adeniyi Johnson was formerly married to fellow actress, Toyin Abraham. They got married in 2013. Unfortunately, the marriage lasted only three years before their separation.
The two divorced under allegations of infidelity on both sides, with rumours that the actor tried poisoning Toyin Abraham, which he debunked as mere hearsay.
After the couple's marriage finally ended in 2016, Adeniyi Johnson got married to another actress, Oluseyi "Shai" Edun.
Although there were reports that the new couple saw each other even when Adeniyi Johnson was married to Toyin Abraham, his new wife, Oluwaseyi Edun debunked such rumours. She mentioned that her relationship with Adeniyi Johnson started after he divorced his wife.
The talented actor, Adeniyi Johnson is active on popular social media platforms, which he takes to share pictures, videos and also have fun with his friends and fans alike.
His Instagram handle @adeniyijohnson has about 1.9 million followers, which further vindicates his popularity. He is also available on Twitter @adeniyijohnsonn.
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Adeniyi Johnson has been singled out as one of the few actors who can comfortably navigate between English and Yoruba Nollywood movies. His creativity has gained him several features in English and Yoruba movies, which have amounted to over a hundred appearances.
Amongst his numerous appearances is his first acting work, titled "Mo Ta Ka Osi Danu", produced by Lekan Ayinde, who introduced him to Yoruba movies. Others include Playboy, Iso Inu Eku, Mirror, Blogger's Wife, Magnetic Woman, Pepeye, Ungrateful, Afopina, among many others.
The actor, Adeniyi Johnson was the winner of the City People Awards for the category of Best Supporting Actor of the Year (Yoruba) in 2018.
Adeniyi Johnson's acting career is undoubtedly one of the most successful careers in the Yoruba segment of Nollywood.
To this end, based on calculations from his earnings, Adeniyi Johnson's net worth is estimated at US$400,000. Most of his earnings are proceeds from his acting career.
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text:
Q: Calculate pvalue from pandas DataFrame I have a DataFrame stats with a Multindex and 8 samples (only two shown here) and 8 genes for each sample.
 In[13]:stats
    Out[13]:
                       ARG/16S                                            \
                         count          mean           std           min
    sample      gene
    Arnhem      IC        11.0  2.319050e-03  7.396130e-04  1.503150e-03
                Int1      11.0  7.243040e+00  6.848327e+00  1.364879e+00
                Sul1      11.0  3.968956e-03  9.186019e-04  2.499074e-03
                TetB       2.0  1.154748e-01  1.627663e-01  3.816936e-04
                TetM       4.0  1.083125e-04  5.185259e-05  5.189226e-05
                blaOXA     4.0  4.210963e-06  3.783235e-07  3.843571e-06
                ermB       4.0  4.111081e-05  7.894879e-06  3.288865e-05
                ermF       4.0  2.335210e-05  4.519758e-06  1.832037e-05
    Basel       Aph3a      4.0  7.815592e-06  1.757242e-06  5.539389e-06
                IC        11.0  5.095161e-03  5.639278e-03  1.302205e-03
                Int1      12.0  1.333068e+01  1.872207e+01  4.988048e-02
                Sul1      11.0  1.618617e-02  1.988817e-02  2.970397e-03

I'm trying to calculate the p-value (Students t-test) for each of these samples, comparing each of the genes between them.
I've used scipy.stats.ttest_ind_from_stats but I managed to get the p-values for the different samples for one gene and only those of the samples neighboring each other.
Experiments = list(values1_16S['sample'].unique())
for exp in Experiments:
    if Experiments.index(exp)<len(Experiments)-1:
        second = Experiments[Experiments.index(exp)+1]
    else:
        second = Experiments[0]
    tstat, pvalue = scipy.stats.ttest_ind_from_stats(stats.loc[(exp,'Sul1')]['ARG/16S','mean'],
                                    stats.loc[(exp,'Sul1')]['ARG/16S','std'],
                                    stats.loc[(exp,'Sul1')]['ARG/16S','count'],
                                    stats.loc[(second,'Sul1')]['ARG/16S','mean'],
                                    stats.loc[(second,'Sul1')]['ARG/16S','std'],
                                    stats.loc[(second,'Sul1')]['ARG/16S','count'])
    d.append({'loc1':exp, 'loc2':second, 'pvalue':pvalue})

stats_Sul1 = pd.DataFrame(d)
stats_Sul1

How can I get the pvalues between ALL samples? And is there a way to do this for all genes at once without running the code one by one for each gene?

A: Let's suppose you have the same X genes for the Y samples. I try my method with X=3 and Y=2 but I guess you can generalize. I started with:
df1 =
             count       mean        std       min
sample gene
Arnhem IC       11   0.002319   0.000740  0.001503
       Int1     11   7.243040   6.848327  1.364879
       Sul1     11   0.003969   0.000919  0.002499
Basel  IC       11   0.005095   0.005639  0.001302
       Int1     12  13.330680  18.722070  0.049880
       Sul1     11   0.016186   0.019888  0.002970

Note that the genes need to be in the same order.
First reset_index() with df_reindex = df1.reset_index(), I'm not sure what I'm doing is possible with multiindex:
df_reindex =
   sample  gene  count       mean        std       min
0  Arnhem    IC     11   0.002319   0.000740  0.001503
1  Arnhem  Int1     11   7.243040   6.848327  1.364879
2  Arnhem  Sul1     11   0.003969   0.000919  0.002499
3   Basel    IC     11   0.005095   0.005639  0.001302
4   Basel  Int1     12  13.330680  18.722070  0.049880
5   Basel  Sul1     11   0.016186   0.019888  0.002970

I create a rolled DF and join it to df_reindex:
nb_genes = 3
df_rolled = pd.DataFrame(pd.np.roll(df_reindex,nb_genes,0), columns = df_reindex.columns)
df_joined = df_reindex.join(df_rolled, rsuffix='_')
# rsuffix='_' is to be able to perform the join

Now on a same row, I have all data you needto calculate pvalue and create the column with apply:
df_joined['pvalue'] = df_joined.apply(lambda x: stats.ttest_ind_from_stats(x['mean'],x['std'],x['count'], x['mean_'],x['std_'],x['count_'])[1],axis=1)

Finally, I create a DF with the data you want and rename columns:
df_output = df_joined[['sample','sample_','gene','pvalue']].rename(columns = {'sample':'loc1', 'sample_':'loc2'})

You ends up with data:
df_output =
     loc1    loc2  gene    pvalue
0  Arnhem   Basel    IC  0.121142
1  Arnhem   Basel  Int1  0.321072
2  Arnhem   Basel  Sul1  0.055298
3   Basel  Arnhem    IC  0.121142
4   Basel  Arnhem  Int1  0.321072
5   Basel  Arnhem  Sul1  0.055298

That you can reindex as you need.
If you want to do it each sample against each other, I think a loop for could do it.
EDIT: Using pivot_table, I think there is a easier way.
With your input stats as multiindex table for only ARG/16S (not sure how to handle this level), so I start with (which might be your stats['ARG/16S']):
df=
               count       mean           std       min
sample gene
Arnhem IC         11   0.002319  7.396130e-04  0.001503
       Int1       11   7.243040  6.848327e+00  1.364879
       Sul1       11   0.003969  9.186019e-04  0.002499
       TetB        2   0.115475  1.627663e-01  0.000382
       TetM        4   0.000108  5.185259e-05  0.000052
       blaOXA      4   0.000004  3.783235e-07  0.000004
       ermB        4   0.000041  7.894879e-06  0.000033
       ermF        4   0.000023  4.519758e-06  0.000018
Basel  Aph3a       4   0.000008  1.757242e-06  0.000006
       IC         11   0.005095  5.639278e-03  0.001302
       Int1       12  13.330680  1.872207e+01  0.049880
       Sul1       11   0.016186  1.988817e-02  0.002970

With the function pivot_table, you can rearrange your data such as:
df_pivot = df.pivot_table(values = ['count','mean','std'], index = 'gene',
                               columns = 'sample', fill_value = 0)

In this df_pivot (I don't print it here for readability but at the end with the new column), you can create a column for each couple (sample1, sample2) using itertools and apply:
import itertools
for sample1, sample2 in itertools.combinations(df.index.levels[0],2):
    # itertools.combinations create all combinations between your samples
    df_pivot[sample1+ '_' + sample2 ] = df_pivot.apply(lambda x: stats.ttest_ind_from_stats(x['mean'][sample1],x['std'][sample1],x['count'][sample1],
                                                                                x['mean'][sample2 ],x['std'][sample2 ],x['count'][sample2 ],)[1],axis=1).fillna(1)

I think this method is independent of the number of samples, genes and if genes are not all the same, you ends up with df_pivot like:
        count            mean                      std            Arnhem_Basel
sample Arnhem Basel    Arnhem      Basel        Arnhem      Basel
gene
Aph3a       0     4  0.000000   0.000008  0.000000e+00   0.000002     1.000000
IC         11    11  0.002319   0.005095  7.396130e-04   0.005639     0.121142
Int1       11    12  7.243040  13.330680  6.848327e+00  18.722070     0.321072
Sul1       11    11  0.003969   0.016186  9.186019e-04   0.019888     0.055298
TetB        2     0  0.115475   0.000000  1.627663e-01   0.000000     1.000000
TetM        4     0  0.000108   0.000000  5.185259e-05   0.000000     1.000000
blaOXA      4     0  0.000004   0.000000  3.783235e-07   0.000000     1.000000
ermB        4     0  0.000041   0.000000  7.894879e-06   0.000000     1.000000
ermF        4     0  0.000023   0.000000  4.519758e-06   0.000000     1.000000

Let me know if it works
EDIT2: to reply to the comment, I think you can do this:
No change for df_pivot and then you create a multiindex DF df_multi to write your results in:
df_multi = pd.DataFrame(index = df.index.levels[1],
                        columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([p for p in itertools.combinations(df.index.levels[0],2)])).fillna(0)

Then you use the loop for to implement the data in this df_multi:
for sample1, sample2 in itertools.combinations(df.index.levels[0],2):
    # itertools.combinations create all combinations between your samples
    df_multi.loc[:,(sample1,sample2)] = df_pivot.apply(lambda x: stats.ttest_ind_from_stats(x['mean'][sample1],x['std'][sample1],x['count'][sample1],
                                                                                x['mean'][sample2 ],x['std'][sample2 ],x['count'][sample2 ],)[1],axis=1).fillna(1)

Finally, you can use transpose and unstack on level 1 to get the way you ask (or close if I misunderstood)
df_output = df_multi.transpose().unstack(level=[1]).fillna(1)

You will see that you don't have the last sample in indexes and first sample in columns (because they don't exist how I built everything) if you want them, you need to replace itertools.combinations by itertools.combinations_with_replacement in both the creation of df_multi and in the loop for ( I didn't try it but it should work)


Our attention has been drawn by public members that they have received communication through post for job interviews in our Company wherein they are amongst other things, demanding cash deposit(s) before the actual interviews. These individuals are also wrongfully using the company's registered trademark as well as using the names of certain officials of the company to entice innocent members of the public to fall into this trap.
We would like to unconditionally state that such communications are purely made with an intention to defraud the public .It is proclaimed that this institute has not authorized any person to accept any payment /cash deposit by any candidate in the entire recruitment process.
We appeal to the public not to get deceived by such communications allegedly being made by any unauthorized persons. For further information about authenticity or any other communications which you may receive, you are requested to please get in touch with our official e.mail address : jobs@fddiindia.com or our aforesaid address .


text:
Debt Counseling for Holiday Shopping
In honor of Black Friday and the kickoff of that season when retailers work doubly hard to separate you from your money, I offer this video instruction on how to avoid debt. It is painfully accurate.
HT: Andrew Nicewander
Tom Ascol has served as a Pastor of Grace Baptist Church in Cape Coral, FL since 1986. Prior to moving to Florida he served as pastor and associate pastor of churches in Texas. He has a BS degree in sociology from Texas A&M University (1979) and has also earned the MDiv and PhD degrees from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Ft. Worth, Texas. He has served as an adjunct professor of theology for various colleges and seminaries, including Reformed Theological Seminary, the Covenant Baptist Theological Seminary, African Christian University, Copperbelt Ministerial College, and Reformed Baptist Seminary. He has also served as Visiting Professor at the Nicole Institute for Baptist Studies at Reformed Theological Seminary in Orlando, Florida. Tom serves as the President of Founders Ministries and The Institute of Public Theology. He has edited the Founders Journal, a quarterly theological publication of Founders Ministries, and has written hundreds of articles for various journals and magazines. He has been a regular contributor to TableTalk, the monthly magazine of Ligonier Ministries. He has also edited and contributed to several books, including Dear Timothy: Letters on Pastoral Ministry, The Truth and Grace Memory Books for children and Recovering the Gospel and Reformation of Churches. He is also the author of From the Protestant Reformation to the Southern Baptist Convention, Traditional Theology and the SBC and Strong and Courageous. Tom regularly preaches and lectures at various conferences throughout the United States and other countries. In addition he regularly contributes articles to the Founders website and hosts a weekly podcast called The Sword & The Trowel. He and his wife Donna have six children along with four sons-in-law and a daughter-in-law. They have sixteen grandchildren.
Lessons from Hurricane Ian
Yes, We Have All Quarreled with God
The Apologetic Value of the Christian Story


text:
MEDIA ALERT: Annual Report Card to Rate 50 States & DC on Passage of Top Traffic Safety Laws Aimed at Curbing Historic Rise in Roadway Deaths
https://saferoads.org/wp-content/themes/osmosis/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg 150 150 Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety https://saferoads.org/wp-content/themes/osmosis/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg January 5, 2022 January 5, 2022
Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety (Advocates) will release the 2022 Roadmap of State Highway Safety Laws, an annual report detailing 16 optimal traffic safety laws proven to reduce crashes, injuries and deaths. Advocates will also release the findings of a new public opinion poll about roadway dangers.
Statement on the Introduction of Legislation to Advance Impaired Driving Prevention Technology
https://saferoads.org/wp-content/themes/osmosis/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg 150 150 Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety https://saferoads.org/wp-content/themes/osmosis/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg March 23, 2021 March 23, 2021
Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety (Advocates) applauds Reps. Debbie Dingell (D-MI, 12th), Kathleen Rice (D-NY, 4th) and David McKinley (R-WV, 1st) for their leadership to significantly and substantially reduce the avoidable toll of deaths and injuries caused by drunk driving on our nation's roadways. Today, they introduced The Honoring Abbas Family Legacy to Terminate Drunk Driving Act (HALT Drunk Driving Act), based on language in the Moving Forward Act (116th Congress, H.R. 2) which was passed with bipartisan support by the U.S. House of Representatives in July 2020. The bill requires the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) to issue a rule five years after enactment compelling new passenger motor vehicles to be equipped with advanced drunk driving prevention technology.
Statement: Two-Year Anniversary of a Horrific Drunk Driving Tragedy Marked by Re-Commitment by Rep. Debbie Dingell (D-MI, 12th) to Take Action
On the two-year anniversary of the deadly impaired driving crash that killed Rima and Issam Abbas and their three children, family members and friends joined Congresswoman Debbie Dingell (D-MI, 12th) and Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) to recommit to advancing proven drunk driving prevention technology in all new cars.
Letter in Support of Legislation to Prevent Drunk Driving
https://saferoads.org/wp-content/themes/osmosis/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg 150 150 Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety https://saferoads.org/wp-content/themes/osmosis/images/empty/thumbnail.jpg September 25, 2020 September 29, 2020
Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) and Advocates for Highway and Auto Safety Distribute Letter from Major Property-Casualty Insurance Companies and Trade Organizations in Support of the RIDE Act (S. 2604) to Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee MADD National President…


text:
Automatically Generated
At least partially produced automatically using information provided by a source.
O.P.E.R.A. Inc. in Ellendale awarded preservation grant
The funds will be used for the Ellendale Opera House
BISMARCK — O.P.E.R.A. Inc of Ellendale, North Dakota, was among six organizations to receive a grant from the State Historical Society of North Dakota through an appropriation of Historic Preservation Fund money from the National Park Service.
The grants are available to the public for use in restoration, stabilization and protection of historic and archaeological properties and can be used only on properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
O.P.E.R.A. Inc. of Ellendale was awarded $24,600 for the repairs of the west wall and sidewalk of the Ellendale Opera House.
The granting of Historic Preservation Fund money is a competitive process. Applications are reviewed by a committee from the State Historical Society's Archaeology and Historic Preservation Department and rated based on four major categories: quality of the application, need for the development work, impact on the historic preservation program and the project's compliance with the secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. For more information, contact Grants and Contracts Officer Amy Munson, 701-328-3573.
Related Topics: EVENTSHISTORICALNORTH DAKOTA


> > > which can be reloaded as a machine configuration.
> > And then we'll have the same set of problems there.
> features which matter to guests, not every bug fix.
> the snapshot code does.
options in with the VM manager supplied configuration.


text:
Hornsey Town Hall, Crouch End N8 9JJ
Hornsey Town Hall – Iconic Setting in Central Crouch End N8
Apartment - Crouch End
The development is set around the restoration of the iconic Grade II* listed Hornsey Town Hall. The Town Hall will house a new art-centre, co-working space and hotel.
Town Hall Square has long been the heart of the Crouch End community. Over the years, the space has changed and evolved in use and appearance, reflecting the needs and tastes of the time.
In line with the wider restoration of the building, the Square will be rejuvenated to celebrate its original features, including the distinctive fountain and period street lighting. The central green space will still host the existing shady mature trees and lawn garden, while integrated seating will border the area and soft planting is set to bring bursts of colour.
The collection of studio, one, two and three bedroom apartments are spread across two newly built blocks, a mews building and a carefully restored Broadway annex in the Town Hall grounds. Make Architects has ensured that the new buildings capture the spirit and style of Hornsey Town Hall, with carefully thought out architectural influences and detail incorporated in both the exterior design and internal specification of the new build apartments.
This will be evident in the façades, where layered brickwork and carefully crafted geometric metal balustrades come together to reflect the Town Hall's original Art Deco features and modern aesthetic along with the distinctive concrete pattern from the Hornsey Library.
Inside, the apartments will be fitted in accordance with the original Art Deco detailing, including features such as replica door handles, chevron timber flooring, terrazzo inspired surfaces, Art Deco style bathroom lighting, metal balustrade balcony detailing, referencing the distinctive 1930s décor present throughout the Town Hall.


text:
Toto je seznam dílů seriálu Rychle a zběsile: Závodníci v utajení. Americký animovaný televizní seriál Rychle a zběsile: Závodníci v utajení, natočený podle stejnojmenné filmové sérii, měl premiéru 26. prosince 2019 na Netflixu.

Přehled řad

Seznam dílů

První řada (2019)

Druhá řada: Rio (2020)

Třetí řada: Sahara (2020)

Čtvrtá řada: Mexiko (2021)

Pátá řada: Jižní Pacifik (2021)

Šestá řada: Návrat domů (2021)

Externí odkazy

Rychle a zběsile
Rychle a zběsile: Závodníci v utajení

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Simple controller routing doesn't work in IIS for asp.net site hosted in IIS Trying to host locally a rest service in IIS. Everything works fine in IIS Express but as soon as I try to host locally in IIS the routing doesn't work.

*

*It's compiled to x86 and is hosted inside of an app pool that allows for 32 bit processes.

*I have the site mapped to the binary output folder from my build msbuild /p:Configuration=Release /p:ProcessorArchitecture=x86 -r:False

*I have Anonymous Authentication enabled

*Binding is type http to port 8000

*I have enabled directory browsing and see the below at http://localhost:8000/

*However whenever I try to navigate to http://localhost:8000/api/HeartBeat I get a 404 - Not Found.

My WebApiConfig class which sets a default route.
public static class WebApiConfig
    {
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            // Web API configuration and services

            // Web API routes
            config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "DefaultApi",
                routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
                defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }

Here is the controller
public class HeartBeatController : ApiController
    {
        // GET: api/HearBeat/5
        public HttpResponseMessage Get()
        {
            return new HttpResponseMessage(HttpStatusCode.OK);
        }

    }

If I run this in IIS Express and navigate to that same url I get a 200. Also I've tried to examine the URL in powershell using Get-WebUrl and it shows a ProtocolError but I have no clue what or why. And IIS Manager doesn't seem to complain about anything.
PS C:\Windows\system32> Get-WebURL -PSPath "IIS:\Sites\Test" | Format-list

Status      : ProtocolError
ResponseUri : http://localhost:8000/
Description : Forbidden

A: A couple of things were amiss.

*

*Publishing via Visual Studio is quite different than the build output that was created via the build command above.

*I was missing under Windows features/IIS/Application Development Features

*Finally was still getting a security error which required adding an ACL rule to the directory


text:
Tag Archives: Mo Chit
Posted on January 8, 2018 by ingon
Street Art on Ratchadaphisek Road
Street Art on Ratchadaphisek Road, Bangkok, Thailand on Saturday, July 22, 2017
Ratchadaphisek Road, Bangkok, Thailand
"Ratchada is overwhelmingly modern but with a less built-up, more out of town feel than, say, Sukhumvit. Distinctive landmarks along Ratchadaphisek Road include the well-known Thailand Cultural Centre, local nightclubs and pubs, as well as department stores and value-for-money hotels. Located just to the north of the downtown metropolitan area, it runs parallel to Viphavadi Rangsit Road to the east, stretching northwards all the way from the end of Asok Road (Sukumvit Soi 21) to Lad Phrao Road. In recent years it's gained something of a reputation for being an affordable nightlife spot – although this is more among locals than the expat or holiday crowd. It is extremely well-served by the MRT underground."
https://www.bangkok.com/ratchadapisek/#
The subway (MRT) follows Ratchadaphisek Road, making it safe and easy to connect between shops, restaurants and hotels. The two major cultural attractions in the area are Siam Niramit and Thailand Cultural Center. These are great venues for first-time visitors to learn about Thai traditions and art, and the presentation includes enough excitement and special effects to interest children.
Hotels in Ratchadaphisek are large and especially popular with Chinese and Japanese tourists. Prices are affordable in Ratchadaphisek, and since guests have access to the subway they can easily connect to the Grand Palace or the Sukhumvit area easily.
https://www.agoda.com/ratchadaphisek/maps/bangkok-th.html?cid=-218
"Ratchadapisek is situated to the north of metropolitan area. Ratchadapisek Road runs parallel to Viphavadi Rangsit Road from Lad Prao to Sukumvit's Soi Asoke 21. Ratchadapisek is within the area of the Thai Cultural Center, several leading department stores, and a wide selection of entertainment venues. Transportation access into and out of Bangkok from here is easy and there are good connections to the eastern seaboard. From 6:00 PM onwards, along Silom Road are numerous street bazaars selling everything from cloths, to watches and souvenirs. To complete your entertainment options, there's a good choice of pubs and restaurants and Patpong is just around the corner. The Chatuchak weekend market is one Bangkok's most famous markets. It is popular with locals and visitors alike, looking for a bargain from everything such as discount clothes and souvenirs, to ornate Thai handcrafts."
Ratchadaphisek is north of Sukhumvit and is a busy commercial and entertainment district. Accommodation on Ratchadaphisek Road has great access to restaurants, malls and nightclubs. Lots of students, young Bangkok office workers and expat teachers call this part of the city home.
Ratchadaphisek Road is a major road in Bangkok, Thailand. Conceived in 1971 and opened in 1976, it connects earlier portions including Asok Montri, Wong Sawang and Charan Sanitwong Roads to form the city's inner ring road system. Name of road come from the celebration 25th year of a monarch's reign of King Bhumibol Adulyadej.
Ratchadaphisek Road crosses major traffic arteries such as Sukhumvit Road and Sirat Expressway.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratchadaphisek_Road
"By public transit: Since 2004, Ratchadaphisek has been completely served by the MRT metro system. The line exactly follows Ratchadaphisek Road with plenty of stops on it. If you are coming from Silom, Sukhumvit, Siam Square or Yaowarat and Phahurat, the metro is definitely the most convenient way to get in. The stations are, from south to north, Phetchaburi, Phra Ram 9, Thailand Cultural Centre, Huai Khwang, Sutthisan and Ratchadaphisek. The metro ride from Sukhumvit station takes about five to ten minutes, while the ride from Si Lom station takes about ten to fifteen minutes. Trains leave every five to ten minutes for a fare of about 16 to 41 baht."
https://wikitravel.org/en/Bangkok/Ratchadaphisek
"By boat: Ratchadaphisek is not easy to reach by boat, but the Saen Saep Express Boat service does have some stops at the south side of the district. It generally is the fastest way to get into Ratchadaphisek if coming from Rattanakosin, Khao San Road or Dusit. A single trip from Rattanakosin to the district takes about 30 minutes (including a transfer at Pratunam pier) and costs around 8 to 20 baht. The most important pier is Asoke-Petchaburi, which is at walking distance of Ratchadaphisek Road. From there it is possible to transfer to the metro at nearby Phetchaburi MRT station. If you're heading for Royal City Avenue (RCA), you can get out at Wat Mai Chonglom pier. Other piers that border the district are Prasanmit, Italthai, Soi Thonglor and Charn Issara. All of these piers are served by the NIDA Line, which starts at Pratunam pier and runs all the way northeast to Ramkhamhaeng."
"By bus: There are about 20 bus lines covering Ratchadaphisek Road. Ordinary and air-conditioned bus 136 starts at the Khlong Toei Market (near Sukhumvit) and then follows the MRT northwards, along the Queen Sirikit National Convention Centre, Asoke Road and Ratchadaphisek Road. It passes Sutthisan, Lat Phrao and Phahon Yothin MRT stations before heading for Chatuchak Weekend Market and the Northern Bus Terminal (Mo Chit). Ordinary and air-conditioned bus 206 also runs from Asoke Road north, along Ratchadaphisek Road to the intersection with Phahonyothin Road. Ordinary and air-conditioned bus 514 traverses Silom Road and drives along Ratchadamri Road, Ratchaprarop Road, Victory Monument and Din Daeng Road to the intersection with Asoke Road, where it heads north along Ratchadaphisek Road to the intersection with Lat Phrao Road."
"By taxi: You can also pull over a taxi — it's okay to say Ratchada ("RAHT-cha-dah" ?????), as everybody abbreviates it. Taxis are a comfortable way of getting around Ratchadaphisek, especially if you have to be in one of its sois, which can be complicated to navigate in. A ride from Sukhumvit should not cost you more than 115 baht, while a ride from Silom should not cost you more than 150 baht. The Expressway is another option, which will be an additional 50 baht, but cuts significant time from the transit in some cases."
Street Art on Ratchadaphisek Road, Bangkok, Thailand on Saturday, July 22,2017
Thai Life Permanent Exhibition Hall , Thailand Cultural Centre, Walthana Tham Rd (MRT Thailand Cultural Centre), ? +66 2 247-0028, [1]. M-F 09:30-16:30. This venue displays the history of the Thai people and the different aspects of Thai culture, as developed from pre-historic times up to the present day. It mostly focuses on the struggle the Thai people have overcome throughout history to stay independent. The exhibition is divided into five topics covering the history of Thai culture, important archaeological sites in Thailand, world civilization, the origins of the Thais, and Thai language and literature. The information is told in a presentation using computer generated imagery, photography, slide-presentations and even puppets. Free.
"Cultural performances: The area around Thailand Cultural Centre is the place to go for cultural performances. Siam Niramit is one of the best traditional Thai shows in Bangkok.
Golden Dome Cabaret, 252/5 Ratchadaphisek Soi 18 (MRT Sutthisan, then a short taxi-ride), ? +66 2 692-8202(-5). Showtime 17:00, 19:00 and 22:00 daily. Another one of Bangkok's typical ladyboy shows. Three shows are given every evening.
Siam Niramit, 19 Tiamruammit Rd (MRT Thailand Cultural Centre, it is diagonally across from the Thailand Cultural Centre), ? +66 2 649-9222, [7]. Showtime 20:00 daily. This is a state-of-the-art cultural performances centre, which uses modern technology integrated with old fashioned drama to depict the history of each region of Thailand. The story also includes depictions of hells, the forest of Himmaphan, heavens and lands beyond imagination from Thai literature, all of which are influenced by Thai common beliefs. There is also a spectacular performance of Thailand's arts and cultural heritage. The show is staged by more than 150 performers. 1,500 baht."
Cultural performances: Thailand Cultural Centre, Walthana Tham Rd (MRT Thailand Cultural Centre), ? +66 2 247-0028, [8]. The Thailand Cultural Centre is a fully integrated venue for social education and cultural activities. There aren't many foreigners in this area, so most of the shows are aimed at local visitors. It is a world-class centre that has room for more than 2,000 visitors. There's always something on, most of the time (inter)national symphony orchestra performances, but most foreigners come over to see a traditional Thai cultural show. You might want to call in first and find out about the current programme before heading out.
Posted in Blog | Tagged 19 Tiamruammit Rd, 252/5 Ratchadaphisek Soi 18, Asoke Road, Chatuchak, computer generated imagery, Din Daeng Road, Golden Dome Cabaret, important archaeological sites in Thailand, intersection with Lat Phrao Road., Lat Phrao, Literature, Mo Chit, MRT Sutthisan, MRT Thailand Cultural Centre, Northern Bus Terminal, Phahon Yothin MRT stations, photography, puppets, Ratchadamri Road, Ratchadaphisek road, Ratchaprarop Road, Siam Niramit, Silom Road, slide-presentations, Sutthisan, Thai culture, Thai language, Thai Life Permanent Exhibition Hall, Thailand Cultural Centre, the origins of the Thais, the Queen Sirikit National Convention Centre, to the intersection with Asoke Road, traditional Thai cultural show, Victory Monument, Walthana Tham Rd, Weekend Market, world civilization | Leave a reply


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January 9th - Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
The government of India has declared the 9th of January every year as the Pravasi Bhartiya Divas. On this day every year, the country will acknowledge and celebrate the achievements of the Indian Diaspora worldwide.
The Indian Diaspora which is estimated to be 22 million strong includes first to the fifth generation Indians who emigrated from India. The Diaspora can be categorised as People of Indian Origin (PIO) and Non-Resident Indians (NRIs). PIOs have adopted the citizenship of another country while NRIs, who comprise a third of the total Diaspora, still carry an Indian passport. Today they account for an economic output of about $400 billion (Almost Rs 20,00,000 crore), an incredible four-fifth of India's economy.
January 9th 2003 will be the first Pravasi Bhartiya Divas with events in recognition of the day scheduled around the country. The day was chosen for the occasion as it was on this day in 1915 that Mahatma Gandhi had returned to India from South Africa to lead the country's freedom struggle. In New Delhi, the Ministry of External Affairs & FICCI are organising a three day event which will be attended by the prominent NRI's /PIO's from around the globe. According to a PTI report, representatives of the diaspora spread over 110 countries will meet at the function which is to be inaugurated by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpyaee. Besides the Prime Minister, the conference would be addressed by External Affairs Minister Yashwant Sinha and Finance Minister Jaswant Singh.
On the occasion, ten eminent Non-Resident Indians ... and People of Indian Origin would be awarded 'Bharat Samman'. They would be chosen by a jury headed by Vice President Bhairon Singh Sekhawat.
Representatives of NRIs and PIOs from 40 countries, including the U S, the U K, Australia, France, Germany, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Kenya, Malaysia, Mauritius, Singapore, South Africa, the UAE and Uganda have already registered for the conference.
Nobel Laureates Amartya Sen and V S Naipaul would address the inaugural function besides Mauritian Prime Minister Anerood Jagnauth. The invocation will be by Lata Mangeshkar.
Indians abroad who are expected to participate in panel discussions include former Premier of British Columbia Ujjal Dosanjh, Lord Bhikhu Parekh, Sam Pitroda, industrialist Bharatkumar J Shah from Dubai, industrialist L N Mittal from the U K. Authors Vikram Seth, Anita Desai and Jhumpa Lahiri along with numerous other businessmen, academicians, scientists and management experts are also expected.
- nriol.com report


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Turkey's President Says Recording of Khashoggi's Killing Was Given to U.S.
Nov 10, 2018 MilbornNewsnews, Spotlight, tebub
WASHINGTON — Turkey said on Saturday that it had turned over audio recordings of the brutal killing of a Saudi journalist to the United States and other Western countries, intensifying the pressure on President Trump to take stronger punitive steps against his allies in Saudi Arabia.
The disclosure, made by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, was his first public acknowledgment of the existence of recordings of the murder of the journalist, Jamal Khashoggi, in the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul last month. Saudi Arabia has acknowledged that its operatives killed Mr. Khashoggi but denied that the attack was ordered at the top levels of the royal court.
"We gave them the tapes," Mr. Erdogan said at a news conference in Ankara before flying to Paris to join Mr. Trump and other leaders at an international gathering. "They've also listened to the conversations, they know it. There is no need to distort this."
The White House declined to say whether it had a copy of the recording. But if true, Mr. Erdogan's claim puts Mr. Trump in a deeply awkward position, suggesting he possesses direct evidence of Mr. Khashoggi's killing, even as he has resisted tough sanctions against the Saudis and declined to say exactly who he believes was responsible for the crime.
The Trump administration has taken modest steps against the Saudi government, suspending air-refueling flights for the Saudi military campaign in Yemen and preparing human rights sanctions against Saudis who have been linked to the killing of Mr. Khashoggi, a resident of Virginia who wrote columns for The Washington Post.
But the White House has declined to finger Saudi Arabia's de facto leader, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, who has developed close ties to Mr. Trump's son-in-law and senior adviser, Jared Kushner, and has become a linchpin of the administration's Middle East strategy. Analysts have said that any operation like the one that led to Mr. Khashoggi's assassination almost certainly would have to be approved at the highest levels in Saudi Arabia.
The administration's limited actions against the Saudis seem calculated in part to head off a tougher response in Congress, where lawmakers from both parties have expressed outrage over the murder of a journalist inside a diplomatic facility and Saudi Arabia's shifting explanations for it.
While Mr. Trump said he believes that the Saudis tried to cover up the killing, he has steadfastly reserved judgment on who is to blame until the Saudi government provides a definitive public accounting of the killing, based on its own investigation. That is expected this coming week.
"I'll have a much stronger opinion on that subject over the next week," Mr. Trump said at a news conference on Tuesday. He referred to the killing as a "very sad thing, very terrible thing."
A candlelight vigil was held last month for the journalist Jamal Khashoggi outside the Saudi Consulate in Istanbul. Mr. Khashoggi was killed inside the consulate on Oct. 2.CreditEmrah Gurel/Associated Press
"We're working with Congress, we're working with Turkey, and we're working with Saudi Arabia," the president said. "And I'm forming a very strong opinion."
Mr. Trump was likely to meet with Mr. Erdogan in Paris, where dozens of world leaders gathered at the invitation of President Emmanuel Macron to mark the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I.
Turkish and Western officials have previously discussed the existence of the audio recordings only on the condition of anonymity. Turkish officials have said the audio includes clear evidence of a premeditated killing, in which a team of Saudi agents moved quickly and matter-of-factly to dismember Mr. Khashoggi's body with a bone saw.
The director of the C.I.A., Gina Haspel, met with Turkish intelligence officials in Ankara last month, and Turkish and American officials said she was allowed to listen to the recordings, but not take a copy with her.
It is unclear when or how the Turks shared the recording with the other governments. It is also unclear whether Mr. Erdogan views the sharing of the audio with Ms. Haspel as amounting to handing it over to the United States.
While the timing of the Turkish disclosures is uncertain, Turkey's motivation for doing so is not. In the weeks since the killing, Mr. Erdogan has abandoned his initially cautious effort to avoid a full rupture in Turkish relations with Riyadh, and he has instead entered into an all-out campaign to damage or even dislodge Prince Mohammed from power.
Turkish officials have said Washington is the primary focus of his effort, in part because Mr. Erdogan believes that only the United States has enough influence in Saudi Arabia and the region to punish Prince Mohammed.
On Saturday, Mr. Erdogan accused the Saudis of dragging their feet in the investigation. "Saudi Arabia must respond to our good will, and be just, and clear themselves of this stain," he said.
Hostility between Mr. Erdogan and Prince Mohammed has been an open secret in the Middle East for years. Mr. Erdogan has presented himself as a champion of the Arab Spring uprisings and the Islamist political parties that once appeared poised to ride them to power; Prince Mohammed is the anchor of an alliance of Arab authoritarians who have sought to stamp out those uprisings and ensure against any recurrence.
Each considers himself the international standard-bearer for a radically contradictory view of Islam. Mr. Erdogan was also a personal friend of Mr. Khashoggi's from the journalist's years as a commentator on regional affairs in the Saudi-owned media.
Turkish and American officials have said that Gina Haspel, the C.I.A. director, shown in a photo from August, was allowed to hear audio recordings related to Mr. Khashoggi's killing when she visited Turkey last month.CreditAndrew Harnik/Associated Press
Still, for weeks after the killing, Mr. Erdogan was circumspect about his accusations, mainly limiting himself to provocative questions. Turkish officials close to him said that Mr. Erdogan hoped to avoid a rift with Riyadh, noting that the two rival leaders had kept up the appearance of cordial relations for years because of their shared interests in the region.
Mr. Erdogan was also reluctant to acknowledge possession of audio recordings because they appear to have been obtained through intelligence surveillance inside the Saudi diplomatic compound — something that is routine but also a violation of international diplomatic covenants.
But as Saudi Arabia has bungled its response to the killing — denying it for weeks, then calling it an accident, and later acknowledging evidence of premeditation — Mr. Erdogan's posture has shifted.
As criticism has mounted, he has evidently calculated that he can deal a serious enough blow to Prince Mohammed to permanently cripple him. When other news in the West threatened to push Mr. Khashoggi from the headlines, Turkish allies of Mr. Erdogan have reached out to Western journalists, probing for ways to keep it alive.
In Washington, where the midterm elections have eclipsed news of the case for the last two weeks, the Trump administration is expected to announce economic sanctions against Saudi officials linked to the murder, according to current and former officials.
At the White House, as well as the State Department and the Treasury Department, officials have discussed imposing the sanctions under the Global Magnitsky Act, which gives the executive branch the power to punish foreign officials involved in human rights abuses. The announcement could come in days.
The administration has also shown growing impatience with Saudi Arabia's handling of the war in Yemen. Last week, Defense Secretary Jim Mattis and Secretary of State Mike Pompeo called on all sides to end hostilities and take part in United Nations-led negotiations. But Saudi leaders did not immediately move to limit their airstrikes, angering some in the Trump administration, according to former officials.
"The Saudis have escalated; they have intensified the war," said Bruce Riedel, an expert on Saudi Arabia at the Brookings Institution. "It is a very public rebuke of both the secretary of state and the secretary of defense by the Saudis. The administration has not said anything about that. But curtailing air refueling would be their response."
The American support for the Saudi-led war in Yemen has been deeply controversial, especially as civilian casualties have mounted — many children are among the victims — and a famine resulting from the war has gripped the country.
The administration has faced growing bipartisan criticism over the American military's support for the Saudi campaign. On Friday, Senator Todd Young, Republican of Indiana, and Senator Jeanne Shaheen, Democrat of New Hampshire, called for an end to the air- refueling mission.


Post summary: How to invoke a private method with PowerMock.
This post is part of PowerMock series examples. The code shown in examples below is available in GitHub java-samples/junit repository.
Mainly public methods are being tested, so it is a very rare case where you want to unit test a private method. PowerMock provides utilities that can invoke private methods via a reflection and get output which can be tested.
Below is a sample code that shows a class with a private method in it. It does nothing else but increases the X and Y coordinates of given as argument Point.
Assume that this private method has to be unit tested for some reason. In order to do so, you have to use PowerMock's Whitebox.invokeMethod(). You give an instance of the object, method name as a String and arguments to call the method with. In the example below argument is new Point(11, 11).
PowerMock provides utilities which uses reflection to do certain things, as shown in the example above to invoke a private method.


Over forty years, a handful of talented engineers at the BBC's Research Department conceived and undertook the world's most comprehensive and sustained loudspeaker investigation project. Their contribution to driving-up the standard of hi-fi speakers was and remains immense.
Alan Shaw - Designer, MD, Harbeth Audio Ltd.
The British Broadcasting Company Ltd.
The British Broadcasting Company was established in 1922 by a consortium of prospective manufacturers of domestic radio receivers. With the thermionic tube now in production, an entirely new and profitable market for domestic entertainment was on the horizon. What was needed to promote sales of receivers were radio programmes of wide public appeal, provided by the Company.
The creation of mass, instant communication revolutionised society, and by 1927, the government disbanded the for-profit Company, and by Royal Charter converted it into the non-profit, quasi-state-controlled British Broadcasting Corporation we know today. Wisely, the entire staff of the old Company was transferred to the new BBC and funding was (and is) provided indirectly by the government through a levy on domestic radio (now TV) use.
So how did the BBC become so deeply involved in loudspeaker, and indeed, microphone design? We should note that the technical management team of the BBC was not academics, civil servants or politicians, but hardware engineers who had created from nothing a network of studios and transmitters reaching across the UK. They understood radio transmission and reception technology at both ends and right along the audio chain. They were audio pioneers who rightly set the world's broadcast technical standards.
Every broadcast studio needs at least one (for mono) loudspeaker of technical performance at least as good as the best home users equipment. The rapid expansion of BBC studio network created a demand for hundreds of studio monitor speakers, all meeting the same technical standard and sounding the same as a precursor to consistent monitoring quality control across the studio network.
This need for tight consistency in design and manufacturing was not of primary importance to the makers of home radio receivers, and the supply of speaker units into those receivers was provided by a cottage industry of maverick amateurs. Working in small facilities with little or no technical equipment, new variations of drive units were created entirely by trial and error, tweaked by ear and promoted through fanciful advertising claims about sonic breakthroughs.
The broadcasters, in contrast, were disciplined and organised. They understood the importance of conceiving and maintaining standards through the broadcast chain from the microphones, the studio acoustics, the landlines to the transmitters, the transmission equipment and ultimately to the home receiver.
Around the time of incorporation of the BBC, the Rice-Kellogg drive unit, mounted in a suitable cabinet had been the standard monitor in the BBC, and had remained in service for the next twenty years or more. With a growing awareness, perhaps from improvements throughout the audio chain, that a more extended high frequency response was achievable, there was a need for studio monitors with a wider bandwidth.
In 1948, H.L. Kirke was in for a nasty surprise when started to engage with loudspeaker manufacturers. BBC engineers received twenty-one sample speakers from UK and USA producers and set about structured measurement and listening sessions. Although Kirke's state-of-the-art measurement equipment was crude by today's standards, used intelligently it produced comparable results. It was possible to measure frequency response across the audio band with the precision of a fraction of a dB and also to explore unwelcome resonant decay (hang-over) in the drive units.
The results were dismal; the subjective and objective performance was of concern right across the sample set. The least-worst examples identified, and further specimens ordered after discussions with manufacturers highlighting issues and requesting improvements. This process descended into farce when subsequent production samples, ostensibly built to improved technical standards, had characteristics, both sonic and electro-mechanical, no better, often markedly different and even significantly worse than the original specimen samples.
This outcome, it was commented at the time, proved that there was not a speaker 'industry' in the understood sense, but an army of enthusiastic tinkerers. The absence of engineering discipline guaranteed inconsistency, and worse, stifled technical progress towards lower coloration, flatter frequency responses, and reduced distortion.
Kirke's report 'The Selection of a wide-range loudspeaker for monitoring purposes (first report)' of 1948 was, and remains, a brilliant example of the scientific method applied to audio investigation.
A period of intensive research in which the BBC concluded that paper loudspeaker cones didn't meet their performance requirements in monitor-grade loudspeakers. This set in motion the blue-sky thinking that led to the world's first plastic cone loudspeaker diaphragms, first featured in the Harwood's LS3/4, LS3/6 and three-way LS5/5 designs.
The serendipitous shoebox-size LS3/5a is the memorable achievement of early in this decade. That aside, speaker loudness and commensurate durability in-studio became the new design objectives possible with second generation cone material, robust tweeters coupled to oversize midrange drivers and a deliberate shift from the flat frequency response target. Within a decade, health and safety culture outlawed high SPLs in-studio and this generation of narrowly defined monitors found little market outside the BBC's own studio use.


Nitrogen is one of the essential plant nutrients found in soil. Students measure the amount of nitrogen in several different soils. They then examine the role of nitrogen in plant growth and consider the effect of excess nutrients in an ecosystem.