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Category: West Papua
Does Multilingualism Equal Separatism?
Repost from the old site.
Sorry for the long post, readers, but I have been working on this piece off and on for months now. It's not something I just banged out. For one thing, this is the only list that I know of on the Net that lists all of the countries of the world and shows how many languages are spoken there in an easy to access format. Not even Wikipedia has that (yet).
Whether or not states have the right to secede is an interesting question. The libertarian Volokh Conspiracy takes that on in this nice set of posts. We will not deal with that here; instead, we will take on the idea that linguistic diversity automatically leads to secession.
There is a notion floating around among fetishists of the state that there can be no linguistic diversity within the nation, as it will lead to inevitable separatism. In this post, I shall disprove that with empirical data. First, we will list the states in the world, along with how many languages are spoken in that state.
States with a significant separatist movement are noted with an asterisk. As you can see if you look down the list, there does not seem to be much of a link between multilingualism and separatism. There does seem to be a trend in that direction in Europe, though.
Afterward, I will discuss the nature of the separatist conflicts in many of these states to try to see if there is any language connection. In most cases, there is little or nothing there.
I fully expect the myth of multilingualism = separatism to persist after the publication of this post, unfortunately.
St Helena                        1
British Indian Ocean Territories 1
Pitcairn Island                  1
Estonia                          1
Maldives                         1
North Korea                      1
South Korea                      1
Cayman Islands                   1
Bermuda                          1
Belarus                          1
Martinique                       2
St Lucia                         2
St Vincent & the Grenadines      2
Barbados                         2
Virgin Islands                   2
British Virgin Islands           2
Gibraltar                        2
Antigua and Barbuda              2
Saint Kitts and Nevis            2
Montserrat                       2
Anguilla                         2
Marshall Islands                 2
Cuba                             2
Turks and Caicos                 2
Guam                             2
Tokelau                          2
Samoa                            2
American Samoa                   2
Niue                             2
Jamaica                          2
Cape Verde Islands               2
Icelandic                        2
Maltese                          2
Vatican State                    2
Haiti                            2
Kiribati                         2
Tuvalu                           2
Bahamas                          2
Puerto Rico                      2
Kyrgyzstan                       3
Rwanda                           3
Nauru                            3
Turkmenistan                     3
Luxembourg                       3
Monaco                           3
Burundi                          3
Seychelles                       3
Grenada                          3
Bahrain                          3
Tonga                            3
Qatar                            3
Kuwait                           3
Dominica                         3
Liechtenstein                    3
Andorra                          3
Reunion                          3
Dominican Republic               3
Netherlands Antilles             4
Northern Mariana Islands         4
Palestinian West Bank & Gaza     4
Palau                            4
Mayotte                          4
Cyprus*                          4
Bosnia and Herzegovina*          4
Slovenia and Herzegovina*        4
Swaziland                        4
Sao Tome and Principe            4
Guadalupe                        4
Saudi Arabia                     5
Cook Islands                     5
Latvia                           5
Lesotho                          5
Djibouti                         5
Ireland                          5
Moldova                          5
Armenia                          6
Mauritius                        6
Lebanon                          6
Mauritania                       6
Croatia                          6
Kazakhstan                       7
Albania                          7
Portugal                         7
Uzbekistan                       7
Sri Lanka*                       7
United Arab Emirates             7
Comoros                          7
Belize                           8
Tunisia                          8
Denmark                          8
Yemen                            8
Morocco*                         9
Austria                          9
Jordan                           9
Macedonia                        9
Tajikistan                       9
French Polynesia                 9
Gambia                           9
Belgium                          9
Libya                            9
Fiji                             10
Slovakia                         10
Ukraine                          10
Egypt                            11
Bulgaria                         11
Norway                           11
Poland                           11
Serbia and Montenegro            11
Eritrea                          12
Georgia*                         12
Finland*                         12
Switzerland*                     12
Hungary*                         12
United Kingdom*                  12
Mongolia                         13
Spain                            13
Somalia*                         13
Oman                             13
Madagascar                       13
Malawi                           14
Equatorial Guinea                14
Mali                             14
Azerbaijan                       14
Japan                            15
Syria*                           15
Romania*                         15
Sweden*                          15
Netherlands*                     15
Greece                           16
Brunei                           17
Algeria                          18
Micronesia                       18
East Timor                       19
Zimbabwe                         19
Niger                            21
Singapore                        21
Cambodia                         21
Iraq*                            21
Guinea-Bissau                    21
Taiwan                           22
Bhutan                           24
Sierra Leone                     24
South Africa                     24
Germany                          28
Namibia                          28
Botswana                         28
France                           29
Liberia                          30
Israel                           33
Italy                            33
Guinea                           34
Turkey*                          34
Senegal                          36
Bangladesh                       39
New Caledonia                    39
Togo                             39
Angola*                          41
Gabon                            41
Zambia                           41
Mozambique                       43
Uganda                           43
Afghanistan                      47
Guatemala                        54
Benin                            54
Kenya                            61
Congo                            62
Burkina Faso                     68
Central African Republic         69
Solomon Islands                  70
Thailand*                        74
Iran*                            77
Cote D'Ivoire                    78
Ghana                            79
Laos                             82
Ethiopia*                        84
Canada*                          85
Russia*                          101
Vietnam                          102
Myanmar*                         108
Vanuatu                          109
Nepal                            126
Tanzania                         128
Chad                             132
Sudan*                           134
Malaysia                         140
United States*                   162
Philippines*                     171
Pakistan*                        171
Democratic Republic of Congo     214
Australia                        227
China*                           235
Cameroon*                        279
Mexico                           291
India*                           415
Nigeria                          510
Indonesia*                       737
Papua New Guinea*                820
*Starred states have a separatist problem, but most are not about language. Most date back to the very formation of an often-illegitimate state.
Canada definitely has a conflict that is rooted in language, but it is also rooted in differential histories as English and French colonies. The Quebec nightmare is always brought up by state fetishists, ethnic nationalists and other racists and nationalists who hate minorities as the inevitable result of any situation whereby a state has more than one language within its borders.
This post is designed to give the lie to this view.
Cyprus' problem has to do with two nations, Greeks and Turks, who hate each other. The history for this lies in centuries of conflict between Christianity and Islam, culminating in the genocide of 350,000 Greeks in Turkey from 1916-1923.
Morocco's conflict has nothing to do with language. Spanish Sahara was a Spanish colony in Africa. After the Spanish left in the early 1950's, Morocco invaded the country and colonized it, claiming in some irredentist way that the land had always been a part of Morocco. The residents beg to differ and say that they are a separate state.
An idiotic conflict ensued in which Morocco the colonizer has been elevated to one of the most sanctioned nations of all by the UN. Yes, Israel is not the only one; there are other international scofflaws out there. In this conflict, as might be expected, US imperialism has supported Moroccan colonialism.
This Moroccan colonialism has now become settler-colonialism, as colonialism often does. You average Moroccan goes livid if you mention their colony. He hates Israel, but Morocco is nothing but an Arab Muslim Israel. If men had a dollar for every drop of hypocrisy, we would be a world of millionaires.
There are numerous separatist conflicts in Somalia. As Somalians have refused to perform their adult responsibilities and form a state, numerous parts of this exercise in anarchism in praxis (Why are the anarchists not cheering this on?) are walking away from the burning house. Who could blame them?
These splits seem to have little to do with language. One, Somaliland, was a former British colony and has a different culture than the rest of Somalia. Somaliland is now de facto independent, as Somalia, being a glorious exercise in anarchism, of course lacks an army to enforce its borders, or to do anything.
Jubaland has also split, but this has nothing to do with language. Instead, this may be rooted in a 36-year period in which it was a British colony. Soon after this period, they had their own postage stamps as an Italian colony.
There is at least one serious separatist conflict in Ethiopia in the Ogaden region, which is mostly populated by ethnic Somalis. Apparently this region used to be part of Somaliland, and Ethiopia probably has little claim to the region. This conflict has little do with language and more to do with conflicts rooted in colonialism and the illegitimate borders of states.
There is also a conflict in the Oromo region of Ethiopia that is not going very far lately. These people have been fighting colonialism since Ethiopia was a colony and since then have been fighting against independent Ethiopia, something they never went along with. Language has a role here, but the colonization of a people by various imperial states plays a larger one.
There was a war in Southern Sudan that has now ended with the possibility that the area may secede.
There is a genocidal conflict in Darfur that the world is ignoring because it involves Arabs killing Blacks as they have always done in this part of the world, and the world only gets upset when Jews kill Muslims, not when Muslims kill Muslims.
This conflict has to do with the Sudanese Arabs treating the Darfurians with utter contempt – they regard them as slaves, as they have always been to these racist Arabs.
The conflict in Southern Sudan involved a region in rebellion in which many languages were spoken. The South Sudanese are also niggers to the racist Arabs, plus they are Christian and animist infidels to be converted by the sword by Sudanese Arab Muslims. Every time a non-Muslim area has tried to split off from or acted uppity with a Muslim state they were part of, the Muslims have responded with a jihad against and genocide of the infidels.
This conflict has nothing to do with language; instead it is a war of Arab Muslim religious fanatics against Christian and animist infidels.
There is a separatist movement in the South Cameroons in the nation of Cameroon in Africa. This conflict is rooted in colonialism. During the colonial era, South Cameroons was a de facto separate state. Many different languages are spoken here, as is the case in Cameroon itself. They may have a separate culture too, but this is just another case of separatism rooted in colonialism. The movement seems to be unarmed.
There is a separatist conflict in Angola in a region called Cabinda, which was always a separate Portuguese colony from Angola.
As this area holds 60% of Angola's oil, it's doubtful that Angola will let it go, although almost all of Angola's oil wealth is being stolen anyway by US transnationals and a tiny elite while 90% of the country starves, has no medicine and lives unemployed amid shacks along former roads now barely passable.
The Cabindans do claim to have a separate culture, but language does not seem to be playing much role here – instead, oil and colonialism are.
Syria does have a Kurdish separatist movement, as does Iran, Iraq, and Turkey – every state that has a significant number of Kurds. This conflict goes back to the post-World War 1 breakup of the Ottoman Empire. The Kurds, with thousands of years of history as a people, nominally independent for much of that time, were denied a state and sold out.
The new fake state called Turkey carved up part of Kurdistan, another part was donated to the British colony in Iraq and another to the French colony in Syria, as the Allies carved up the remains of the Empire like hungry guests at a feast.
This conflict is more about colonialism and extreme discrimination than language, though the Kurds do speak their own tongue. There is also a Kurdish separatist conflict in Iran, but I don't know much about the history of the Iranian Kurds.
There is also an Assyrian separatist movement in Iraq and possibly in Syria. The movement is unarmed. The Assyrians have been horribly persecuted by Arab nationalist racists in the region, in part because they are Christians. They have been targeted by Islamo-Nazis in Iraq during this Iraq War with a ferocity that can only be described as genocidal.
The Kurds have long persecuted the Assyrians in Iraqi Kurdistan. There have been regular homicides of Assyrians in the north, up around the Mosul region. This is just related to the general way that Muslims treat Christian minorities in many Muslim states – they persecute them and even kill them. There is also a lot of land theft going on.
While the Kurdish struggle is worthwhile, it is becoming infected with the usual nationalist evil that afflicts all ethnic nationalism. This results in everyone who is not a Kurdish Sunni Muslim being subjected to varying degrees of persecution, disenfranchisement and discrimination. It's a nasty part of the world.
In Syria, the Assyrians live up near the Turkish and Iraqi borders. Arab nationalist racists have been stealing their land for decades now and relocating the Assyrians to model villages, where they languish in poverty. Assad's regime is not so secular and progressive as one might suspect.
There is a separatist conflict in Bougainville in New Guinea. I am sure that many different tongues are spoken on that island, as there are 800 different tongues spoken in Papua New Guinea. The conflict is rooted in the fact that Bougainville is rich in copper, but almost all of this wealth is stolen by Papua New Guinea and US multinationals, so the Bougainville people see little of it. Language has little or nothing to do with it.
There are separatist movements in the Ahwaz and Balochistan regions of Iran, along with the aforementioned Kurdish movement. It is true that different languages are spoken in these regions, but that has little to do with the conflict.
Arabic is spoken in Khuzestan, the land of the Iranian Arabs. This land has been part of Persia for around 2,000 years as the former land of Elam. The Arabs complain that they are treated poorly by the Persians, and that they get little revenue to their region even though they are sitting on a vast puddle of oil and natural gas.
Iran should not be expected to part with this land, as it is the source of much of their oil and gas wealth. Many or most Iranians speak Arabic anyway, so there is not much of a language issue. Further, Arab culture is promoted by the Islamist regime even at the expense of Iranian culture, much to the chagrin of Iranian nationalists.
The Ahwaz have been and are being exploited by viciously racist Arab nationalists in Iraq, and also by US imperialism, and most particularly lately, British imperialism, as the British never seem to have given up the colonial habit. This conflict is not about language at all. Most Ahwaz don't even want to separate anyway; they just want to be treated like humans by the Iranians.
Many of Iran's 8% Sunni population lives in Balochistan. The region has maybe 2% of Iran's population and is utterly neglected by Iran. Sunnis are treated with extreme racist contempt by the Shia Supremacists who run Iran. This conflict has to do with the fight between the Shia and Sunni wings of Islam and little or nothing to do with language.
There is a separatist movement in Iran to split off Iranian Azerbaijan and merge it with Azerbaijan proper. This movement probably has little to do with language and more to do with just irredentism. The movement is not going to go very far because most Iranian Azeris do not support it.
Iranian Azeris actually form a ruling class in Iran and occupy most of the positions of power in the government. They also control a lot of the business sector and seem to have a higher income than other Iranians. This movement has been co-opted by pan-Turkish fascists for opportunistic reasons, but it's not really going anywhere. The CIA is now cynically trying to stir it up with little success. The movement is peaceful.
There is a Baloch insurgency in Pakistan, but language has little to do with it. These fiercely independent people sit on top of a very rich land which is ruthlessly exploited by Punjabis from the north. They get little or no return from this natural gas wealth. Further, this region never really consented to being included in the Pakistani state that was carved willy-nilly out of India in 1947.
It is true that there are regions in the Caucasus that are rebelling against Russia. Given the brutal and bloody history of Russian imperial colonization of this region and the near-continuous rebellious state of the Muslims resident there, one wants to say they are rebelling against Imperial Russia.
Chechnya is the worst case, but Ingushetia is not much better, and things are bad in Dagestan too. There is also fighting in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia. These non-Chechen regions are getting increasingly radicalized as consequence of the Chechen War. There has also been a deliberate strategy on the part of the Chechens to expand the conflict over to the other parts of the Caucasus.
Past rebellions were often pan-Caucasian also. Although very different languages are spoken in these areas, different languages are still spoken all across Russia. Language has little to do with these conflicts, as they have more to do with Russian imperialism and colonization of these lands and the near 200-year violent resistance of these fierce Muslim mountain tribes to being colonized by Slavic infidels.
There is not much separatism in the rest of Russia.
Tuva reserves the right to split away, but this is rooted in their prior history as an independent state within the USSR (Tell me how that works?) for two decades until 1944, when Stalin reconquered it as a result of the conflict with the Nazis. The Tuvans accepted peacefully.
Yes, the Tuvans speak a different tongue, but so do all of the Siberian nations, and most of those are still with Russia. Language has little to do with the Tuvan matter.
There is also separatism in the Bashkir Republic and Adygea in Russia. These have not really gone anywhere. Only 21% of the residents of
Adygea speak Circassian, and they see themselves as overrun by Russian-speaking immigrants. This conflict may have something to do with language. The Adygean conflict is also peripherally related the pan-Caucasian struggle above.
In the Bashkir Republic, the problem is more one of a different religion – Islam, as most Bashkirs are Muslim. It is not known to what degree language has played in the struggle, but it may be a factor. The Bashkirs also see themselves as overrun by Russian-speaking immigrants. It is dubious that the Bashkirs will be able to split off, as the result will be a separate nation surrounded on all sides by Russia.
The Adygean, Tuvan and Bashkir struggles are all peaceful.
The conflict in Georgia is complex. A province called Abkhazia has split off and formed their own de facto state, which has been supported with extreme cynicism by up and coming imperialist Russia, the same clown state that just threatened to go to war to defend the territorial integrity of their genocidal Serbian buddies. South Ossetia has also split off and wants to join Russia.
Both of these reasonable acts prompted horrible and insane wars as Georgia sought to preserve its territorial integrity, though it has scarcely been a state since 1990, and neither territory ever consented to being part of Georgia.
The Ossetians and Abkhazians do speak separate languages, and I am not certain why they want to break away, but I do not think that language has much to do with it. All parties to these conflicts are majority Orthodox Christians.
Myanmar is a hotbed of nations in rebellion against the state. Burma was carved out of British East India in 1947. Part of Burma had actually been part of British India itself, while the rest was a separate colony called Burma. No sooner was the ink dry on the declaration of independence than most of these nations in rebellion announced that they were not part of the deal.
Bloody rebellions have gone on ever since, and language has little or nothing to do with any of them. They are situated instead on the illegitimacy of not only the borders of the Burmese state, but of the state itself.
Thailand does have a separatist movement, but it is Islamic. They had a separate state down there until the early 1800's when they were apparently conquered by Thais. I believe they do speak a different language down there, but it is not much different from Thai, and I don't think language has anything to do with this conflict.
There is a conflict in the Philippines that is much like the one in Thailand. Muslims in Mindanao have never accepted Christian rule from Manila and are in open arms against the state. Yes, they speak different languages down in Mindanao, but they also speak Tagalog, the language of the land.
This just a war of Muslims seceding because they refuse to be ruled by infidels. Besides, this region has a long history of independence, de facto and otherwise, from the state. The Moro insurgency has little to nothing to do with language.
There are separatist conflicts in Indonesia. The one in Aceh seems to have petered out. Aceh never agreed to join the fake state of Indonesia that was carved out of the Dutch East Indies when the Dutch left in 1949.
West Papua is a colony of Indonesia. It was invaded by Indonesia with the full support of US imperialism in 1965. The Indonesians then commenced to murder 100,000 Papuans over the next 40 years. There are many languages spoken in West Papua, but that has nothing to do with the conflict. West Papuans are a racially distinct people divided into vast numbers of tribes, each with a separate culture.
They have no connection racially or culturally with the rest of Indonesia and do not wish to be part of the state. They were not a part of the state when it was declared in 1949 and were only incorporated after an Indonesian invasion of their land in 1965. Subsequently, Indonesia has planted lots of settler-colonists in West Papua.
There is also a conflict in the South Moluccas , but it has more to do with religion than anything else, since there is a large number of Christians in this area. The South Moluccans were always reluctant to become a part of the new fake Indonesian state that emerged after independence anyway, and I believe there was some fighting for a while there. The South Moluccan struggle has generally been peaceful ever since.
Indonesia is the Israel of Southeast Asia, a settler-colonial state. The only difference is that the Indonesians are vastly more murderous and cruel than the Israelis.
There are conflicts in Tibet and East Turkestan in China. In the case of Tibet, this is a colony of China that China has no jurisdiction over. The East Turkestan fight is another case of Muslims rebelling against infidel rule. Yes, different languages are spoken here, but this is the case all over China.
Language is involved in the East Turkestan conflict in that Chinese have seriously repressed the Uighur language, but I don't think it plays much role in Tibet.
There is also a separatist movement in Inner Mongolia in China. I do not think that language has much to do with this, and I believe that China's claim to Inner Mongolia may be somewhat dubious. This movement is unarmed and not very organized.
There are conflicts all over India, but they don't have much to do with language.
The Kashmir conflict is not about language but instead is rooted in the nature of the partition of India after the British left in 1947. 90% of Kashmiris wanted to go to Pakistan, but the ruler of Kashmir was a Hindu, and he demanded to stay in India.
The UN quickly ruled that Kashmir had to be granted a vote in its future, but this vote was never allowed by India. As such, India is another world-leading rogue and scofflaw state on a par with Israel and Indonesia. Now the Kashmir mess has been complicated by the larger conflict between India and Pakistan, and until that is all sorted out, there will be no resolution to this mess.
Obviously India has no right whatsoever to rule this area, and the Kashmir cause ought to be taken up by all progressives the same way that the Palestinian one is.
There are many conflicts in the northeast, where most of the people are Asians who are racially, often religiously and certainly culturally distinct from the rest of Indians.
None of these regions agreed to join India when India, the biggest fake state that has ever existed, was carved out of 5,000 separate princely states in 1947. Each of these states had the right to decide its own future to be a part of India or not. As it turned out, India just annexed the vast majority of them and quickly invaded the few that said no.
"Bharat India", as Indian nationalist fools call it, as a state, is one of the silliest concepts around. India has no jurisdiction over any of those parts of India in separatist rebellion, if you ask me. Language has little to do with these conflicts.
Over 800 languages are spoken in India anyway, each state has its own language, and most regions are not in rebellion over this. Multilingualism with English and Hindi to cement it together has worked just fine in most of India.
Sri Lanka's conflict does involve language, but more importantly it involves centuries of extreme discrimination by ruling Buddhist Sinhalese against minority Hindu Tamils. Don't treat your minorities like crap, and maybe they will not take up arms against you.
The rebellion in the Basque country of Spain and France is about language, as is Catalonian nationalism.
IRA Irish nationalism and the Scottish and Welsh independence movements have nothing to do with language, as most of these languages are not in good shape anyway.
The Corsicans are in rebellion against France, and language may play a role. There is an independence movement in Brittany in France also, and language seems to play a role here, or at least the desire to revive the language, which seems to be dying.
There is a possibility that Belgium may split into Flanders and Wallonia, and language does play a huge role in this conflict. One group speaks French and the other Dutch.
There is a movement in Scania, a part of Sweden, to split away from Sweden. Language seems to have nothing to do with it.
There is a Hungarian separatist movement, or actually, a national reunification or pan-Hungarian movement, in Romania. It isn't going anywhere, and it unlikely to succeed. Hungarians in Romania have not been treated well and are a large segment of the population. This fact probably drives the separatism more than language.
There are many other small conflicts in Europe that I chose not to go into due to limitations on time and the fact that I am getting tired of writing this post! Perhaps I can deal with them at a later time. Language definitely plays a role in almost all of these conflicts. None of them are violent though.
To say that there are separatists in French Polynesia is not correct. This is an anti-colonial movement that deserves the support of anti-colonial activists the world over. The entire world, evidenced by the UN itself, has rejected colonialism. Only France, the UK and the US retain colonies. That right there is notable, as all three are clearly imperialist countries. In this modern age, the value of retaining colonies is dubious.
These days, colonizers pour more money into colonies than they get out of them. France probably keeps Polynesia due to colonial pride and also as a place to test nuclear weapons and maintain military bases. As the era of French imperialism on a grand scale has clearly passed, France needs to renounce its fantasies of being a glorious imperial power along with its anachronistic colonies.
Yes, there is a Mapuche separatist movement in Chile, but it is not going anywhere soon, or ever.
It has little to do with language. The Mapudungan language is not even in very good shape, and the leaders of this movement are a bunch of morons. Microsoft recently unveiled a Mapudungan language version of Microsoft Windows. You would think that the Mapuche would be ecstatic. Not so! They were furious. Why? Oh, I forget. Some Identity Politics madness.
This movement has everything to do with the history of Chile. Like Argentina and Uruguay, Chile was one of the Spanish colonies that was settled en masse late. For centuries, a small colonial bastion battled the brave Mapuche warriors, but were held at bay by this skilled and militaristic tribe.
Finally, in the late 1800's, a fanatical and genocidal war was waged on the Mapuche in one of those wonderful "national reunification" missions so popular in the 1800's (recall Italy's wars of national reunification around this same time). By the 1870's, the Mapuche were defeated and suffered a devastating loss of life.
Yet all those centuries of only a few Spanish colonists and lots of Indians had made their mark, and at least 70% of Chileans are mestizos, though they are mostly White (about 80% White on average). The Mapuche subsequently made a comeback and today number about 9% of the population.
Because they held out so long and so many of them survived, they are one of the most militant Amerindian groups in the Americas. They are an interesting people, light-skinned and attractive, though a left-wing Chilean I knew used to chortle about how hideously ugly they were.
Hawaiian separatism is another movement that has a lot to do with colonialism and imperialism and little to do with language. The Hawaiian language, despite some notable recent successes, is not in very good shape. The Hawaiian independence movement offers nothing to non-Hawaiians (I guess only native Hawaiians get to be citizens!) and is doomed to fail.
Hawaiians are about 22% of the population, and they are the only ones that support the independence movement. No one else supports it. It's not going anywhere. The movers and shakers on the island (Non-Hawaiians for the most part!) all think it's ridiculous.
There are separatists in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, but I doubt that language has much to do with it. Like the myriad other separatist struggles in the NE of India, these people are ethnically Asians and as such are not the same ethnicity as the Caucasians who make up the vast majority of the population of this wreck of a state.
This is another conflict that is rooted in a newly independent fake state. The Chittagong Hill Tracts were incorporated into Bangladesh after its independence from Pakistan in 1971. As a fake new state, the peoples of Bangladesh had a right to be consulted on whether or not they wished to be a part of it. The CHT peoples immediately said that they wanted no part of this new state.
At partition, the population was 98.5% Asian. They were Buddhists, Hindus and animists. Since then, the fascist Bangladesh state has sent Bengali Muslim settler-colonists to the region. The conflict is shot through with racism and religious bigotry, as Muslim Bengalis have rampaged through the region, killing people randomly and destroying stuff as they see fit. Language does not seem to have much to do with this conflict.
I don't know much about the separatist struggle of the Moi in Vietnam, but I think it is more a movement for autonomy than anything else. The Moi are Montagnards and have probably suffered discrimination at the hands of the state along with the rest of the Montagnards.
Zanzibar separatism in Tanzania seems to have nothing whatsoever to do with language, but has a lot more to do with geography. Zanzibar is a nice island off the coast of Tanzania which probably wants nothing to do with the mess of a Tanzanian state.
The conflict also has a lot to do with race. Most residents of Zanzibar are either Arabs or descendants of unions between Arabs and Africans. In particular, they deny that they are Black Africans. I bet that is the root of the conflict right there.
There were some Talysh separatists in Azerbaijan a while back, but the movement seems to be over. I am not sure what was driving them, but language doesn't seem to have been a big part of it. Just another case of new members of a fake new state refusing to go along for the ride.
There were some Gagauz separatists in Moldova a while back, but the movement appears to have died down. Language does seem to have played a role here, as the Gagauz speak a Turkic tongue totally unrelated to the Romance-speaking Moldovans.
Realistically, it's just another case of a fake new state emerging and some members of the new state saying they don't want to be a part of it, and the leaders of the fake new state suddenly invoking inviolability of borders in a state with no history!
In summary, as we saw above, once we get into Europe, language does play a greater role in separatist conflict, but most of these European conflicts are not violent. In the rest of the world, language plays little to no role in the vast majority of separatist conflicts.
The paranoid and frankly fascist notion voiced by rightwing nationalists the world over that any linguistic diversity in the world within states must be crushed as it will inevitably lead to separatism at best or armed separatism at worst is not supported by the facts.
Author Robert LindsayPosted on June 24, 2011 Categories Abkhazia, Aceh, Adygea, Africa, African, Americas, Amerindians, Applied, Arab Nationalism, Arab Racism, Arabs, Asia, Asian, Asians, Assyrians, Azerbaijan, Azeris, Bangladesh, Bangladeshis, Basques, Belgium, Blacks, Britain, Buddhism, Cameroon, Canada, Caucasus, Central Africa, Chechens, Chechnya, Chile, Chileans, China, Christianity, Circassians, Colonialism, Culture, East Africa, East Indians, Ethiopia, Ethnic Nationalism, Eurasia, European, Europeans, Fascism, France, Georgia, Hinduism, Hispanics, History, Hungary, Immigration, Imperialism, India, Indonesia, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Islam, Israel, Kashmir, Kurds, Linguistics, Mestizos, Middle East, Mixed Race, Morocco, Multilingualism, Nationalism, NE Asia, Near East, Near Easterners, New Guinea, North Africa, North America, Pacific, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Political Science, Polynesia, Quebec, Race/Ethnicity, Racism, Regional, Religion, Reposts From The Old Site, Romania, Russia, SE Asia, Serbians, Settler-Colonialism, Shiism, Siberia, Sociolinguistics, Somalia, Somaliland, South America, South Asia, South Asians, South Ossetia, Southern Sudan, Spain, Spaniards, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Sunnism, Sweden, Syria, Tanzania, Turkey, USA, USSR, Vietnam, War, West Africa, West Papua, Whites, Zanzibar11 Comments on Does Multilingualism Equal Separatism?
Indonesian Soldiers Torture Papuan Men
The video in question is available on my video site.
This is extremely shocking footage of Indonesian soldiers in West Papua torturing a Papuan man and his father.
Indonesia stole West Papua from the Papuans in 1965, and has waged a genocidal and racist war against the Papuans ever since, a war that has killed 100,000 Papuans. Soldiers are extremely racist and view Papuans as little more than animals.
Papuans try to fight back using very primitive weapons, but they are no match for the modern Indonesian military. US imperialism has backed the Indonesians to the hilt in this war because US corporations want to exploit various raw materials in Papua.
The footage was filmed on a cellphone in May by one of the soldiers taking part in a military operation in the Punkak Jaya region of the Central Highlands of West Papua. The operation was launched against the Free Papua Movement, an armed group seeking freedom from Indonesian colonialism, but the troops are mostly just torturing, raping and murdering civilians like they always do.
It is apparently "trophy footage." This video is just a small part of a much larger video that shows the two men being tortured. In the bigger video, the older man is stripped naked, has a bag put over his head and has a burning stick applied to his genitals while he screams in agony. The young man has a knife held to his face.
Details of who the victims are hard to come by since the area is a closed military zone, and journalists are banned from the area. However, the older man is missing and probably dead, while the young man has been released.
Indonesian troops have been killing, torturing and raping Papuans with impunity since 1963. Victims have been as young as 3 years old.
For many years, Indonesian troops have been taking trophy photos, now escalating to films, of Papuans being killed and raped. They show this media to Papuans in order to humiliate them.
The footage appeared just recently, on October 20, 2010 and caused a bit of a media stir.
Author Robert LindsayPosted on December 2, 2010 Categories Anti-colonialism, Asia, Asian, Asians, Evil, History, Imperialism, Indonesia, Indonesians, Journalism, Left, Papuans, Political Science, Politics, Race/Ethnicity, Racism, Regional, SE Asia, SE Asian, SE Asians, Sick and Evil, US Politics, War, West PapuaLeave a comment on Indonesian Soldiers Torture Papuan Men
Are Only Euro-Whites Capable of Peaceful Successionism
In this modern era, one of the ultimate litmus tests for extreme liberalism or humanism is the completely selfless permission that a state grants when it allows a part of itself to secede without starting a bloodbath.
Since the Peace of Westphalia, Europe initiated the notion of the nation-state, a brand-new concept. Before, there had only been empires at most, if that in most places. The notion of the nation-state gradually grew until the present moment, when it is unfortunately the status quo. If empires disallowed succession, nevertheless it did occur quite a bit, since empires never had much legitimacy in the first place.
The problem with the nation-state is that it has built up a nonsensical and undeserved legitimacy, even among the most liberal folks. As soon as lines are drawn on a map, they are instantly there for all time, never to be redrawn.
Except that imperialist maggots like the US and the UK, while paying lip service to the inviolability of borders, nevertheless, scumbags that they are, cynically pursue seccessionism and border violability against any states that are deemed enemies.
Look at how quickly the world recognized the states that emerged out of the USSR. While the breakup itself was testament to the USSR's ultimate morality, its internationalism, a moral spear that split the heavens while the capitalist world wallowed in nationalist mud, the new states were only recognized by the capitalist shits because they were so eager to disaggregate their old socialist foe.
At the moment, the US cynically promotes the breakup of Iran, Venezuela and Bolivia. In the past, the US supported seccessionism in China. Kurdish secessionism in Iraq was promoted by the US and then its suppression funded by the US, depending on the whims of the day. At the moment, the US funds Kurdish secessionism in Iran while funding its crushing by the Turkish state in Turkey.
The truth is that under capitalism, imperialist states like the US have no morals whatsoever, only interests. That 90% of the US public thinks that the US state always operates according to some moral compass is an example of the success of the sickening US capitalist media machine in creating a nation of high-IQ idiots.
Anyway, let us take this as a litmus test of the ultimate in civilized behavior in 2009: a state that will peacefully allow parts of itself to secede, if they so choose.
Most states, being governed by uncivilized animals, react to secessionism with violence, often extreme violence. The legion of the primitives is vast: Russia, France, Spain, Turkey, Russia, India, China, Indonesia, Burma, Georgia, New Guinea.
No non-White state will ever allow peaceful secession. They are simply too primitive and uncivilized to allow such a thing. By White I mean European Caucasians. Caucasians outside of Europe are incapable of peaceful secession either, because they are still relatively uncivilized compared to Europeans.
Asians, despite their high IQ's, are still primitive in some ways, and even NE Asians are incapable of dealing with peaceful seccessionism. The response of 105 IQ China is instructive. Secessionist movements in Taiwan, Turkestan and Tibet have been dealt with via repression that can only be called fascist, while similar movements in Inner Mongolia are never allowed to see the light of day.
Indonesia's response to secessionism in East Timor, Aceh and West Papua, areas it has a weak, if any, claim to, have been characterized by horrific violence.
India has behaved criminally, even genocidally, in Kashmir. India has little legitimate claim on the entire Northeast, yet they will never let an inch of it go.
Burma has no legitimate claim on any of its territory at the moment, as a criminal state loses the legitimacy of its governance. Nevertheless it continues to commit genocide against its secessionist movements, as it has since 1947.
For the moment, Pakistan and Iran can be excused their backwardness in violently assaulting secessionism, as imperialism, Indian and US, is conspiring to break up both states.
No Black African nation will ever allow secessionism, though they may as well. Most all of them can't even govern their own territory responsibly, so they don't have much right to the land in the borders. Failed states revoke the right to inviolability of borders. Sudan has reacted with typical extreme brutality to the legitimate demands of Darfur and Southern Sudan for secession. The response to secessionism, typical of Arabs, was genocide. Since independence, most Arab states have reacted to secessionist demands with genocides of varying degrees.
Somalia is the ultimate failed state. There is no government, and anarchy has held sway for 15 years. Obviously, in the case of the collapse of the state and the onset of anarchy, the inviolability of borders principle is revoked. After all, a state that no longer exists can hardly invoke inviolability of borders.
Two new states, Puntland, and Somaliland, have emerged, but no one will recognize them due to the inviolability of borders crap. This is sad because these new states seem to have their shit together more than Somalia (whatever that means) does.
The nation of Georgia had no legitimacy before its birth in 1991. The day it was born, its fake borders were deemed inviolable forevermore. South Ossetia and Abkhazia have already broken away, as was their right. Georgia will never allow this transgression. Abkhazia has been de facto independent since 1991, but almost no one on Earth will recognize it, all because Georgia is a pro-Western state.
In contrast, the moment Kosovo declared independence, the West showered it with recognition, since they were splitting from Serbia, whom the West hates.
As I said earlier, Western capitalist states have no morals.
Yugoslavia did allow itself to be broken up, but violence followed. Slovenia had little violence, and Macedonia and Montenegro had none. The Turks are not really European Whites, and Turkey's always been the sick man of Europe. Since Ataturk, it's been a fascist state. That's not changing anytime soon.
In Spain, there are secessionist movements, but the Spaniards have always been fascist and backwards, and they will never allow anyone to secede.
So who will? The UK and Canada. Those are the only two states that allow secession based on a simple vote. There are movements in Scotland and Quebec, but they don't have majority support yet. Yet still it seems by this litmus test, the UK and Canada are the most civilized states on Earth.
Czechoslovakia broke itself up soon after the fall of Communism, a great moment in human progress. Yet this was only possible due to decades of Communist internationalism and anti-nationalist propaganda. Since, then, fascist-like nationalism has set in in both new states.
The USSR allowed itself to break up. In a number of cases, idiot nationalist violence followed the breakup, but most states left peacefully. Anyway, the state did allow itself to be broken up, something almost no other state will allow. This feat of ultimate civilization only occurred in the USSR due to 78 years of internationalism.
Some of the states that broke up were part-Caucasian, part Asian in stock (some of the Stans), so they seem to be an exception to our rule that only Euro Whites will allow a state to break up, but possibly USSR internationalism overrode the racial stock. The only Asiatic or part-Asiatic states that have allowed themselves to dissolve were socialist in character.
Historically, we can see that only Whites seem to be able to secede without massacring each other like wild animals.
For instance, 100 yrs ago, 99.9% of Norwegians voted to secede from Sweden. The Swedes magnanimously accepted that.
In 1920, a plebiscite was held in Schleswig in northern Germany. The area north of Flensburg, 80% voted to go to Denmark. South of Flensburg, 80% voted to stay in Germany even though Danes were 25% of the population of Flensburg. The Allies would have loved to have given all of Schleswig to Denmark just to punish Germany, but the Danes magnanimously accepted the vote of the people.
It's an open question whether non-Europeans will ever be civilized enough to allow secessionism without committing genocidal massacres in the name of some lines on a map. I don't think it will happen in my lifetime.
In case you haven't guessed, this is one more reason I think we European Whites are better than other people. We're simply more civilized, and this is a prime example.
Author Robert LindsayPosted on December 29, 2009 Categories Abkhazia, Aceh, Africa, Americas, Asia, Britain, Canada, China, Czechoslovakia, Darfur, Denmark, East Africa, East Timor, Europe, Georgia, Germany, Imperialism, India, Indonesia, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Kashmir, Kosovo, Kurdistan, Latin America, Macedonia, Middle East, Montenegro, Near East, North Africa, North America, Norway, Pakistan, Political Science, Puntland, Quebec, Regional, Scotland, SE Asia, Serbia, Slovenia, Somalia, Somaliland, South America, South Asia, South Ossetia, Southern Sudan, Spain, Sudan, Sweden, Taiwan, Tibet, Turkey, USSR, Venezuela, West Papua, West Turkestan19 Comments on Are Only Euro-Whites Capable of Peaceful Successionism
Settlers are Not Innocent Civilians
Retrospectively, I support the American Indians for heroically defending their lands against the White settler-colonial imperialist invaders. Defending the homeland against the invaders of all types is the sort of nationalism that is progressive and that everyone should rally around.
Not only that, but it is acceptable for the nationalists defending their homelands to kill the settler-colonial fascist invaders and colonists, including the so-called "innocent civilians" in their midst.
So it was right and proper for Amerindians to kill White adult settlers, for Uighurs and Tibetans to kill Han adult settlers, for Palestinians to kill Jewish adult settlers, for Sarahwi in Spanish Sahara to kill Moroccan adult settlers, for West Papuans to kill Indonesian adult settlers, on and on. I leave child settlers off the target list since they don't have the ability to leave and go home.In this framework, settlers are not "innocent civilians" at all.
The Chinese fascist regime deliberately flooded Tibet and Xinjiang with Han settlers, who colonized these lands, monopolized the economy, relegated the natives to minority status, and oppressed the natives. This is sheer ethnic warfare of the most barbaric fascist type and it is what was behind the recent ethnic riots in Urumqi, Xinjiang, in China's West.
The situation with the settler-colonialism of the fascist Jews in Palestine is well-known and needs no elaboration here.
Fascist Indonesia invaded the sovereign state of West Papua in 1965 after the Dutch colonists fled. Since then, they have committed genocide against the natives, most of whom are Melanesians or Papuans and are ethnically unlike the Malays of Indonesia. They have stolen the resources and flooded the land with fascist Malay settler-colonists.
The West Papuans are very poorly armed, often defending themselves with bows and arrows. The West has supported fascist Indonesia to the hilt in this conflict, probably because big US corporate interests have made alliance with the Indonesian fascist elite in plundering the land of West Papua for valuable natural resources.
Spanish Sahara was decolonized and immediately declared its independence in 1953. It was immediately invaded on very hazy and spurious grounds by Morocco. This blatant invasion and conquest of territory by armed imperial force, similar to the case of West Papua, has been supported to the hilt by every single US regime ever since.
The implication is that 65 years after the Great War Against Fascism, fascist regimes the world over continue to find a warm and fuzzy place to call home in the corridors of Washington, DC.
This is due to the fact that monopoly capital will always support fascism, and any state dedicated to monopoly capitalism as the US is will always support fascist regimes around the world, and probably has no choice about the matter. As long as monopoly capital rules the US, we are probably stuck with fascist-lovers in the White House.
The Algerian revolutionaries (I get a lot of my ideology from Frantz Fanon) targeted the pied noir settler-colonialists, and most of them fled.
Author Robert LindsayPosted on July 9, 2009 Categories Africa, Arab Nationalism, Asia, China, Colonialism, Fascism, Imperialism, Indonesia, Israel, Middle East, Morocco, National Consolidationism, National Liberation, Nationalism, North Africa, Palestine, Political Science, Regional, Settler-Colonialism, Tibet, Ultranationalism, West Papua, West Turkestan, Western Sahara10 Comments on Settlers are Not Innocent Civilians
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Robert Lindsay on European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese Are Almost Two Different Languages by Now
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The fate of the top and the bottom of the Danske Bank Premiership comes down to this Saturday in the most anticipated day of local football in years.
There may be only pride to play for between the two sides in County Down as both managers can count themselves lucky not to be dealing with the stress and permutations of the other six fixtures across the league. Both Ards and Dungannon Swifts can be content with their campaigns, the latter particularly so after winning the BetMcLean League Cup in February. A win for Colin Nixon's Ards side could lift them into an eighth place finish in the Danske Bank Premiership.
Ironically the game that kicked off the season back in August is the one that could end with the visitors crowned as Danske Bank Premiership champions for 2018. Stephen Baxter's Crues travel to the Braid looking to exercise the demons which cruelly derailed their league championship challenge a year ago. Crusaders go into the game with a slight advantage over title rivals Coleraine through goal difference, with both team's level on points. They will also be buoyed by the coronation of Gavin Whyte as this year's Ulster Footballer of the Year.
David Jeffrey's Sky Blues will be all too aware of the danger of Crusaders having lost all four meetings between the sides this season, including the County Antrim Shield final in January. There will be question marks over the selection of defender Kyle Owens, who has been announced as joining Crusaders on a pre-contract next season, as the Sky Blues look towards the Europa League Playoffs to salvage an indifferent season at the Showgrounds.
It's been a season of twists and turns and there could still be one last shift as Coleraine travel to Mourneview Park knowing that they must win and their rivals Ballymena United get a result against the Crues. Either way, it's been a hugely impressive season for the Bannsiders who could take one step towards club immortality with an Irish League and Irish Cup double. Games against Glenavon have been fairly tight for Coleraine this season, with two draws in the last two games with the only win in this fixture going in favour of the Bannsiders back in September.
Gary Hamilton and Glenavon still have plenty to play for themselves as they know that should they secure the third place position they currently occupy, they can potentially secure automatic qualification to the Europa League should Coleraine win the Irish Cup next week, at worst they would put themselves in a position to have both semi-final and final playoff games at their home venue – so there is still plenty left at stake for the Lurgan Blues.
At the other end of the table it's last chance saloon for Harry McConkey and the Mallards, just when they thought they had done enough to make their way off the bottom of the table, relegation rivals Carrick Rangers surprise everyone with a shock win at Saturday's opponents Glentoran to move the Fermanagh men back to the bottom of the table on goal difference going into the final game.
Despite Glentoran's setback last week, all eyes are firmly on the playoffs for interim manager Ronnie McFall. Whilst their post-split results have been far from inspiring for the East Belfast supporters, progression to the Europa League via the playoffs would be a big bonus for their next manager, as the recruitment drive continues at the Oval.
At Windsor Park, it promises to be a much lower key fixture between the two sides than normal as Cliftonville could be forgiven for having one eye on their return to South Belfast the following week as they take on Coleraine in the Irish Cup final. Linfield though are still locked in a battle with Glenavon for fourth place and a potential route into Europe via third place in the Danske Bank Premiership.
Meetings between the clubs have been tight this year with two wins apiece in the four meetings, with Barry Gray's Reds holding the bragging rights after their 1-0 win in the quarter-finals of the Irish Cup in March.
David McAlinden's Carrick Rangers came back from the dead last week, having been written off as all but relegated they produced a memorable win over Glentoran to move off the bottom of the table on goal difference at exactly the right time. Clinging onto goal difference, they know they just have to better Ballinamallard United's result when they travel to face Warrenpoint Town, to avoid automatic relegation and earn a second chance in the Promotion / Relegation Playoffs against Newry City next week.
Following Warrenpoint's recent survival – Stephen McDonnell was handed the reigns on a permanent basis and will look forward to another season in the Danske Bank Premiership next season.


Expand the capability of PAX 3 by making it a dual-use vaporizer with the PAX Concentrate Insert. The PAX Concentrate Insert is an insert, that when snapped into the PAX 3, allows for the vaping of liquid and solid concentrates. Simply load the insert with a small amount of concentrate, replace the original chamber lid with the insert, and start vaping!


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What it is… Translucent finishing powders for the perfect natural finish! Extends the life of any foundation (powder/liquid) throughout the day while giving you the finish that you desire. We offer several different versions, please see them individually for detailed information.
For fine facial hair, we recommend applying finishing powder in downward strokes following the natural hair growth.
Why I love it… I love to change my finish according to my mood, desire or occasion. So many flawless choices of matte, semi-matte, satin sheen, or an illuminating glowing finish with the added benefits of reducing the appearance of pores, fine lines, wrinkles and prolonging my overall makeup application.
What's in it… Lots of Love & natural bare earth minerals!
All of our finishing powders are translucent. Most are for all skin types, but, some are designed specifically for certain skin types such as very oily, acne prone, dry or combination skin. We list a complete ingredient list with every single product in our store, as we feel it is very important for our customers to know exactly what they are using on their skin. All of our raw ingredients are manufactured in the USA.
What else you need to know… Our finishing powders may also be worn alone, over or under foundation. All of our loose mineral products are FDA approved for cosmetic use, however some are not for lip use. (you cannot eat it) Majority of these shades are blue & green, but some purples and pinks too. Any shades that are formulated using ultramarines, ferric ferrocyanide & chromium oxide green. Any products that contain carmine are non-vegan.


text:
News>Online Retail
7-Eleven will deliver to hot spots
Delivery heads to the beach—and to parks and office lobbies
Gloria Dawson | Jun 24, 2019
The hottest trend in delivery might just be hot spots.
7-Eleven Inc. on Monday announced delivery to 2,000 hot spot locations, which it calls "7NOW Pins," through the company's delivery app, 7NOW. These locations are commonly accessible locations like parks, beaches or concert venue.
"7NOW Pins makes convenience more convenient, by keeping customers in the moment, whether at a game, in the park or enjoying the sun on the beach. Our customers asked for it and we are delivering," said Gurmeet Singh, 7-Eleven chief digital, information and marketing officer, in a statement.
Through the 7-Eleven app, customers can locate the nearest pin and order as usual. In the release, the Irving, Tex.-based convenience store listed Central Park in New York City, Mile High Stadium in Denver, Venice Beach in Los Angeles and Fenway Park in Boston as potential hot spots for delivery.
"We continuously challenge ourselves to find even more ways to offer convenience and value to our customers—when and where people need it most," said Raghu Mahadevan, 7-Eleven vice president of delivery.
7-Eleven isn't the first brand to offer this out-side-the-box delivery. In April of last year, Domino's started delivery with Domino's Hotspots. Over 200,000 delivery locations are available nationwide.
"It really is another way for our customers to be able to access us anytime, anywhere that they want to," said Richard Allison, Domino's CEO, during the Ann Arbor, Mich-based company's second-quarter earnings call last year. "The Hotspots are contained inside of the delivery areas that our franchisees have already, and those Hotspots are defined by our franchisees. So customers request them, but franchisees select those areas that we can deliver to. And quite often, they're landmarks, which are easier to find than someone's residential address. In many cases, it might be at a beach or at a baseball field or at a park, areas that are well-known within the community."
Hot spots are part of a growing trend of delivering to alternative spaces.
The Culver City, Calif.-based chain Sweetgreen recently launched Outpost, a centralized location for free lunch deliveries in office buildings. Pre-ordered salads are placed in Outpost shelving units in centralized office locations for employees at Nike, Vice, Refinery29 and other companies.
"As we see it, Outpost is a new revenue stream for our team, and we think it'll permeate other categories in the food and beverage space," the company said.
Minnow, a Portland, Ore.-based startup, left, created insulated pickup pods for installation in office lobbies in response to an office-delivery pain point.
"One of the issues that comes up with delivery in office buildings (especially buildings where the delivery driver is not allowed past the lobby) is that most delivery services have a five or 10-minute handoff rule. If the driver can't connect with the consumer within five or 10 minutes after arriving at the building, he or she will leave— with the food," said Steven Sperry, Minnow's CEO. "That creates a negative customer experience, which leads to churn. It also reflects poorly on both the delivery service and the restaurant."
Contact Gloria Dawson at [email protected]
Follow her on Twitter: @GloriaDawson
Albertsons talks e-commerce at Digital Food & Beverage conference
Food 4 Less goes live with Instacart delivery

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A recent survey conducted by Love Energy Savings showed that the majority of UK employees don't want any salary information to be made common knowledge throughout their businesses.
When asked which approach to salary transparency they would prefer in their company, 65.8% of UK respondents said they didn't want any salary information shared within their company.
Those that did want some form of salary transparency in the workplace were in the minority. Only 26.9% of respondents wanted everyone's salaries shared, and just 7.3% wanted to know the salaries of senior management staff only.
Love Energy Savings set out to gather data about pay transparency to test the notion that lifting the veil around staff salaries will make a positive change in all businesses.
The conversation about salary transparency began when social media management platform Buffer famously disclosed staff salaries to the public via an online spreadsheet. In the month following their publicised adoption of salary transparency, they were inundated with twice the number of job applications they normally received.
The success of Buffer's gamble sparked plenty of debate between business leaders as to whether it should be rolled out on a mass scale. Some leaders — like CEO of AMV BBDO, Ian Pearman — embraced the idea and implemented it in their own companies. Pearman said the key reason to adopt it was that it helped to dismantle pay inequality, particularly any differences in pay that correlate with gender or race.
However, others found that the positive buzz around sharing salary details internally wasn't enough to convince their employees that it was the right decision. SEO management platform MarketGoo came close to rolling out a salary transparency policy — until their employees voted against it.
As the new research from Love Energy Savings suggests most workers aren't yet willing to embrace a change that makes salary information freely available to everyone in the company, despite the potential improvements in pay equality and staff satisfaction.
One explanation for workers' hesitancy to embrace a transparent salary policy is that it means their own salaries will be on display.
For professionals that have negotiated a higher salary than others, it could mean that they're targeted by peers that earn less than them, which — if not handled properly — can lead to messy internal conflicts.
For employers, pay transparency is particularly risky if their company has a history of pay inequality. Not only would it be costly to "level the playing field" if businesses feel obligated to compensate workers that argue they're underpaid compared to colleagues, but it could have a lasting impact on employee productivity. A study conducted at the University of Michigan found that when taking on a task that involved counting dots, participants performed worse when they knew they were being paid less than others.
With these issues in mind, it's easy to see why established businesses risk suffering long-term damage to morale and productivity after sharing pay information without a clear salary policy in place.
Phil Foster, Managing Director of Love Energy Savings, said: "Our research shows that workers aren't yet convinced by the idea of salary transparency, which to me suggests that businesses should include employees in the conversation.
"It's possible that some workers anticipate a backlash from having their salaries revealed to others, a fear that currently trumps the potential good that transparency can bring. Businesses that want to be innovative need to speak to their employees about change; firstly, to see whether it's right for them, and secondly, to help alleviate concerns that employees might have.


A school shooting in Colorado has left a student wounded, two others with minor injuries, and the gunman dead of a self-inflicted gunshot, according to USA Today.
The shooting occurred at the Arapahoe High School in Centennial, Colorado, a suburb of Denver around 12:30 p.m. Friday.
The Denver Post says the high school is located just eight miles east of the Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, where two teenage shooters killed 12 classmates and a teacher before killing themselves in 1999.
CNN reports Sheriff Grayson Roberts says the shooter appears to have acted alone. Roberts said the shooter entered the high school carrying a shotgun and made no attempt to hide it.
At a press conference, the sheriff said the student was looking for a specific teacher. The shooter was walking the halls calling out the teachers name, according to a report from ABC News. ABC reports that a janitor says a shot was fired at the teacher as the teacher fled the library.
That faculty member was escorted from the building, according to the CNN report. The gunman's body was found in a classroom a few minutes later.
The shooting happened on the eve of the one-year anniversary of the New Town, Connecticut, shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School.
School security has been a major focus of many Minnesota school districts since the Sandy Hook shooting, according to a report from the Minnesota Public Radio News.
MPR says the measures vary by district. Some have added new alarms, classroom door locks and security cameras and some have even considered hiring new police officers and security guards.
The issue even landed a Fargo-Moorhead area television reporter in some trouble after she investigated school security in Fargo and West Fargo, North Dakota and in Moorhead, Minnesota.
As Bring Me The News earlier reported, Valley News Live's Mellaney Moore is being investigated for trespassing in both Moorhead and West Fargo.
For those personally affected the the shootings in Sandy Hook, the pain lingers.
WCCO reports that Paul Hagan of Minneapolis lost his niece in that shooting. He told WCCO AM that the family is still recovering. Hagan asked that mourners perform an act of kindness tomorrow to honor those lost.
Protect Minnesota will have several events commemorating the one-year anniversary of the Sandy Hook shootings at a few locations in the Twin Cities, according to KSTP.


Enjoy the top 3 famous quotes, sayings and quotations by Clare Furniss.
For now the world keeps turning and I keep breathing, in and out, in and out. I breathe in the life that is all around me, in this garden, in this city, in the fields beyond it, in the seas beyond them and the shores on the other side; life that reaches out towards the unreachable, unknowable space that is beyond all of us and the stars that burn there.
Want to see more pictures of Clare Furniss quotes? Click on image of Clare Furniss quotes to view full size.
"It would be perfect if everyone who makes love, is in love, but this is simply an unrealistic expectation. Id say 75 percent" — C. JoyBell C.


Designed by Simon Legald for Normann Copenhagen, the Craft Pepper Mill makes a fantastic addition to any table.
Not only elegant to look at it is also comfortable to hold and you will want to use it for a long time. That shouldn't be a problem as this sturdy mill has a solid natural oak base and solid black marble top and features a ceramic CrushGrind® grinder, which has been tested to last up to 200 years of normal day to day use with no noticeable wear.
The Craft Pepper Mill is robust enough for everyday use in the kitchen and decorative enough to grace any dining table.
Featured here is the small Pepper Mill in natural oak. Why not complete the set and add the small Salt Mill, available here.
The Craft range of salt and pepper mills are available in small and large sizes in both black and natural oak, Why not check out the full range here.


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History Sees Division
18 Jun 2016 — 15 Apr 2018 at the Auckland Art Gallery in Auckland, New Zealand
History Sees Division. Courtesy of Auckland Art Gallery
The artworks in History Sees Division focus on an important moment in New Zealand's art history, a time when art and politics collided. More than any historic period to date, in the 1980s themes of division and social unrest appeared through a range of artistic practices.
Take a visual tour of social change and protest via the anti-nuclear work of sculptor Greer Twiss, screenprints of Stuart Page and Michael Shannon and the politically charged work of Ralph Hotere and Philip Dadson.
Part of New Zealand Art: Opening the Past to the Ever-changing Present | Toi Aotearoa: Mai i Mua ki te Ao Hurihuri, a new series of exhibitions drawn from our collection.
Private Fotografie in Österreich 1930-1950
10 Oct 2018 — 17 Feb 2019 at the Museum für Volkskunde in Vienna, Austria
The Origins of the Chinese Civilization
21 Nov 2018 — 28 Apr 2019 at the MNHA in Luxembourg, Luxembourg
1 Feb — 31 Mar 2019 at the Imperial War Museum North in Manchester, United Kingdom
Who Invented the Hermitage Logo?
17 Feb — 1 Apr 2019 at The State Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg, Russia


Lot is situated next to Seller's cabin at 30 Pinion Ct. Lot can be purchased at a discount when bought in conjunction with Seller's cabin MLS#17-2161.
Located in Porcupine Subdivision on Union Pass. Great for the outdoor enthusiast who wants to build their getaway cabin. Property has views of the Absaroka mountains. Additional lots are available from the same Seller. See attached plat map. To purchase all 9 lots see MLS#18-342.