Today Tweek is taking you on a virtual trip. Don't worry, it's technically a business trip so you can count reading this as professional development. Y'heard?2 Mentally expense it.
A couple of months ago Tony got in the car with his Hasselblad Xpan, Fuji XPro and iPhone and headed to the Deep South for about 36 hours. His final destination being New Orleans for the Scitex Eversmart Pro scanner we now have in our shop. Before we get to the Scitex and how awesome it is to have in our arsenal of equipment let's take a quick trip with Tony.
First off, talk about a street photographer's dream…. New Orleans has beautiful architecture, quirky shops, a fantastic gallery3 as Tony found, and a few characters4. You can't go to NOLA without walking the streets, eating all the food, and experiencing some late night jazz. Tony's first stop was the Bourbon House for a heaping plate of sea creatures…with a side of brown liquor. Then of course comes night-life. Like a true pro, Tony ventured out around 10pm. Have camera will travel. And by travel we mean walk the streets until the wee hours of the morning.
The next 12ish hours were spent sipping a Bloody Mary and sampling Beignets at the classic Cafe du Monde followed by a long walk to meet Richard Sexton for dinner at St. Roch Market5. You've really got to check out Richard's site. Such an amazing body of work he has collected over the years. One other thing he collected was the Scitex scanner we mentioned earlier. Richard originally used the scanner for his film and especially for books he has published–one of those books centered around life in New Orleans.
The life of the Scitex in the Tweek studio won't be terribly different than it's previous life down south. Well, one thing is different. A significant portion of the body of the Scitex shattered while Tony lightly braced himself during set-up at Tweek. Plastic from 1998 doesn't hold up so well we found out. However, our old Scitex that decided to bite the dust had all the working parts needed to combine the two machines and rebuild the skin. So, you may be wondering why we are so excited about a big heap of crumbling plastic from 1998. Don't forget it isn't crumbling any more and know that this beast scans film AND reflective art/prints up to 12×17 inches! How awesome is that?! Scitex scanners were used for offset printing files and originally cost tens of thousands of dollars. This thing produces beautiful film scans6 with resolutions as high as 8000dpi! Come on now!
Our Scitex is one of seven scanners at Tweek. One day we will get into the others but today we're pumped to tell you about this 90's fab scanner. We're also pumped to take you on a little mental trip to NOLA. Sorry taste-o-vision hasn't happened yet. Tony wishes he could share the tastes and sounds too. And don't forget, as Tony says, "the best camera is the one you have." Be it film or digital, take photos and then print them. You won't regret it. We're here to help you.
1According to Sunny Dawn Summers this is a New Orleans version of, "What's up." Taking our Southern nicity inspiration from the Deep South.
3A Gallery certainly is a Gallery for Fine Art Photography. Tony purchased our Scitex from this photographer who is featured among others you may have heard of…Ansel Adams, Henri Cartier Bresson…. "I had no idea I was walking into greatness," Tony spoke of the gallery.
4Tony may or may not have had a curse put on him after documenting one scene….We know for sure he was yelled at. Stark contrast to all the wonderfully welcoming folks in the city.
5St. Roch was a big hit with Tony. Talk about a comfort food feast…mac'n'cheese, baked oysters, salad…ok maybe the oysters and salad aren't a comfort food for all of you but maybe you should consider it.
6See Tony's Xpan shots…they were scanned with the Scitex.
Well hello there! Glad to see ya made it back to the ole Tweek blogsphere. Ok, enough with the niceties.1 This is to all those college students out there. Or even someone looking to update their professional portfolio. For a lot of you Spring Break is over and the reality of final projects is setting in. Maybe you're starting to panic. PLEASE, please don't! Your pals at Tweek are here to help.
So, is there anything you can do to make this process easier this semester? YES!! Let us help!3 Our printers work; you don't have to figure out how to print anything; the only thing you need to schedule is when to pick your print up; we will do the color matching; crazy-awesome paper options. Printing can be easy. Promise.
Here's what you do. Visit www.tweekimaging.com (you're basically there already) and click the big red START HERE button to begin your order. Wait, before that you should probably enter your email address in the pop up window so you can take advantage of our 20% off coupon we are currently offering!!
Want more help before you click that purchase button? We've got some more thoughts…don't worry.
Pre-Press: So, you're a painter or sculptor and need your work photographed before you can even get to the point of making prints? You're in luck! Tony works with artists to reproduce work in the digital world. Or, maybe, you're an analog photographer? We can make high-resolution scans for you too. Let us know if you need photographs of your pieces. And be sure to ask about our high-volume reproduction discounts (10 pieces or more).
Paper: You probably know this but your paper option can take your print to the next level. Maybe you want something with subtle texture like German Etching or maybe you want simple and smooth like Cougar paper or maybe an acid-free, 100% post-consumer recycled French Paper (currently have three options). OR, think outside of that dumb box we get stuck in. Sure there's always tons of white paper options…and believe me, we have options.5 What about French Speckle Tone Craft?6 At 100lb cover weight this is something that can certainly stand on its own. Would that match a look you have going for a product you've designed or an identity package for a business? Yes, Tweek can even print that for ya! Our paper option prices start at $9 per square foot.
Presentation: How are you presenting your portfolio prints? There's nothing wrong with the standard binder/book!7 This is easy for you to add to and take away from. Grows with you so to speak. Emily, here at Tweek, recently finished her portfolio for her upcoming graduation and used a book.8 Emily shoots a lot of medium and large format film and we love how she positioned her images in a sea of negative space. Another option is a box similar to this. We can mat your prints to mat board or foam core so each print is easily handled and can stand on it's own if need be. If you use the box in the link you can fit about 30 mounted images (100 unmounted). The box is also made with archival paper. Once you get that dream job, thanks to your killer work and perfect prints, you can store that box and look back at it years from now. Awe, isn't that so sweet.
*Most orders (3-5 prints) can be completed within 24 hours when placed before noon on a business day. If mounting is required more time may be necessary but you will get an email from us letting you know this is the case.
1. Reminder: We're still southerners so we're gonna do that real sweet, welcoming chit chat every time. Every time. We can't not.
2. That will be figurative for Tony…you saw our picture last week…hair on the top of his head is a little lacking. The rest of us though…totally pulling our hair out!
3. Not even lying…Billy Swan was singing "I can help" when I wrote that. Check out the 70s Smash Hits Spotify playlist you young whippersnappers if you don't know the song.
4. Tweek Headquarters is about six miles from the UT Art & Architecture building and about 20 miles from Pellissippi State's main campus.
5. Paper options list: Ten options total plus two canvas choices. I hope you clicked this link so you can read the descriptions. We also provide sample books.
6. A Tweek favorite. That is what we use for Tweek branded materials.
What can you do with French Paper?
It's no secret that we love French Paper.
First of all, we love the company. French Paper is small, independent paper mill out of Michigan. It's been family owned and operated for 6 generations, and their paper mills have been powered by fully renewable hydroelectric generators since 1922! On top of all of that, their website design and packaging are top notch. There's litterally nothing not to like!
Doesn't Kevin look happy holding this French Print? We named this product after the paper it's printed on, and honestly this is one of our favorite photo products that we offer. These huge prints look amazing, and come pre-attached to wooden rails. That means they are ready to hang – which makes your life really easy. They make a huge impact in a room. If you're looking to refresh your decor, this would be a great place to start.
This is one of our newest products! We are now offering bulk prints on French Paper in full or half sheets. Full sheets are 26×40 and can fit up to 54 4×4 prints, or 38 4×6 prints. Half sheets are 20×26 and can fit up to 24 4×4 prints, or 18 4×6 prints. You'll need to combine your prints onto one file to order at our discounted price. If you're using Lightroom, we have some handy templates for 4×4 and 4×6 prints here. You can order these prints with adhesive attached to the backs, so that you can easily stick them up anywhere! We also think these would make great cards to send to clients or friends.
That's just two ideas for using French Paper. You can order prints in any size you like on French in our custom print shop, and if you have a totally unique idea please get in touch! We'll do our best to accomodate!
Nothing says LOVE like an accordion!


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Horse Rescued From Riverside Co. Ravine
CalFire Photo: Horse rescue near Lake Skinner Estates 11.24.21. Firefighters and vet on scene and freed a horse that became stuck between 2 boulders. Horse is on all fours with minor injuries and awaiting animal rescue.
TEMECULA (Fox11 News) - Sunny the horse is on his way to safety after he spent days trapped in a ravine.
"He's my world I slept with him for two nights and three days to make sure he was safe. He's one of kids," said Sunny's owner Kaity Mialma.
Mialma was trail riding the 4-year-old Thoroughbred Wednesday in Lake Skinner View Estates in Temecula when the horse got spooked.
"He went up the hill and then came back down again and then went up again and he flipped me off."
Mialma jumped on the back of a friend's horse and raced back to the ranch to call her husband Chris for help.
They went back down the mountain searching, but for a while couldn't find her horse.
"He came down here and I saw his hair and I said I think I have a general idea where he's at and I called and called and called and he finally nickered at me. I said Sunny do it again and he popped his head up and I immediately knew where he was," she told FOX 11's Hailey Winslow.
Sunny was able to make it over large boulders and when Mialma came back, in a panic, the horse pinned her against the rock. She was then able to calmly walk Sunny over to the bottom of a waterfall.
She says it's a miracle he didn't break his leg.
"The vet came out and let us know that it was not life-threatening. That he didn't have a broken leg cause if he had a broken leg they'd have to euthanize him," she stated.
Sunny had scratches and cuts and Mialma twisted her ankle. However, with massive rocks all around them, they were stuck...and the winds were too high to helicopter the horse out of the area. So for the past few days, they've been here.
"During the day it's ok, at nighttime it's cold and we are very much snuggling with each other. He got a horse blanket so he was nice and warm but he decided to play with us at night and pull our sleeping bags off and paw at us."
Her husband Chris lugged hay and buckets of water through the rugged half-mile hike down...they even got a Thanksgiving picnic.
"We took some plates with us and we had Thanksgiving out here. I mean really Thanksgiving is about taking care of everything you love and being thankful first," Chris Mialma said.
Case Count High, Serio...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In August, consumer prices added 6.2% over the same month the year before, which was in line with market expectations. The August print came in below the three-year high 6.5% tallied in July and thus broke the upward trend in place since April this year. The main factor behind the drop in inflation was slower foodstuff price increases, which eased from a 14.8% spike in July to rise 13.4% in August, as pork prices increased at a slower pace. In contrast, overall inflation excluding food inched up from 2.9% in July to 3.0% in August. Owing to the high inflation levels recorded in recent months and despite the moderation seen in August, annual average inflation rose to 5.2% (July: 5.0% yoy), which represented the highest level since January 2009. Meanwhile, producer price inflation edged down from 7.5% in July to 7.3% in August, which was, nevertheless, slightly up from market expectations of a 7.2% rise. Despite the moderation in August, annual average producer price inflation climbed to 6.5% in August from 6.2% in July. According to some analysts, inflation peaked in July and it is likely to start a downward trend in the months ahead, supported by the effects of domestic policy tightening as well as more subdued external demand. The government set an inflation target of 4.0% for this year.


Your little girl will look her adorable best when you dress her in this denim top and shorts set. Soft against the skin and comfortable at the same time, this set is a lovely pick for your baby's casual outings. The button closure ensures a hassle-free dressing session.


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Home/Business/Tesla is working on a structure to test its sunroof at Fremont Factory
Tesla is working on a structure to test its sunroof at Fremont Factory
admin Send an email August 2, 2019
Tesla is working to build a new structure at the Fremont plant that will include a solar roof to test the latest version of Tesla's solar power product.
When Tesla launched Solar Roof Tiles in 2017, the automaker said they would begin volume production and installation in 2018.
However, the rollout proved to be much slower and installations have been limited to the homes of some executives and a few customers.
Tesla later delayed volume production to 2019.
CEO Elon Musk said they had to make some changes to the product to ensure it will last for 30 years.
At Tesla's shareholders' meeting in 201[ads1]9, Musk said that they are now completing a third version of the Tesla sunroof:
"We are in the process of completing version 3 of the sunroof. This is actually a rather difficult technology problem to have an integrated solar cell with a roof tile, keep it well and last for 30 years. "
The CEO explained that they were having difficulty doing accelerated roof testing, but they now feel more secure.
Now we are told that Tesla is planning to build a "test structure" for the roofing roofs at Fremont Factory, according to a building permit obtained last month (via CNBC):
According to the description in the building permit, it would be to test both the product and the installation process:
"Building a test structure to evaluate the Tesla solar roof roof and installation process. Fire Sprinklers, Fire Alarms, Truss Design and Solar Design are exposed submissions. "
First launching the new product, Tesla said it should take about the same time to install a sunroof as a chip roof installation, which is typically 5-7 days.
Earlier this year, we reported that the Tesla Solar Roof installation still took about two weeks, increasing the cost of the product, but that was before the solar roof V3.
Last month, Electrek released a first look at Tesla's V3 solar roof technology with custom fittings and the first real Tesla Solar Roof quote. The price was shockingly high, but Tesla claims it is worth adding the power savings over time.
Earlier this week, Musk said Tesla plans to set Solar Roof Tile production to 1,000 roofs per week by the end of the year.
Subscribe to Electrek on YouTube for exclusive videos and subscribe to the podcast.
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T-Mobile and Sprint are reportedly approaching a deal with Dish to save the merger
Merry Christmas! Santander Claus made a payment error of $ 176 million


The Hardwater Jacket combines safety with staying warm and dry. Loaded with Sureflote® and surrounded with 360-degree reflective material, this jacket works all day and in all conditions. Features like the rugged 600D Endura shell can withstand the grittiest of conditions, while the underarm vents let you regulate your temperature in whipping wind or mid-day sun. The Hardwater Jacket is the perfect marriage of safe and warm.


While working in Texas, a few construction workers were beginning their day when they suddenly heard what sounded like a small puppy crying.
They then quickly started to search the construction site for the source of the sound but were unsuccessful — until they realized the sound was coming from above in the sky.
What exactly was in the sky you ask?
A hawk, soaring in the sky with a small puppy clutched in its claws.
And once the workers discovered what was happening above them, the hawk let the puppy go — which sent him barrelling down to the ground.
The workers then quickly ran over to where the Chihuahua puppy had taken a fall, picked him up and took him to the nearest veterinary practice — hoping that he would be okay.
And as he was not micro-chipped and no one stepped forward to claim him — the puppy was then taken to Austin Animal Center (AAC).
They gave him the nickname as the small pup had survived a huge fall — which was a miracle to say the least.
The small dog was only 6 weeks old and after everything he had been through — he just wanted love and attention from his newfound shelter family.
"When I met this little puppy not long after he came into our shelter, all he wanted was to be held," communication and media manager for AAC, Jennifer Olohan, shared with The Dodo.
The shelter staff decided to officially name the puppy Tony Hawk.
And though Tony fell, he thankfully sustained just a few minor cuts on both his head and chest.
His rescuers were beyond happy when they discovered he was going to make a full recovery.
The staff is still not sure where exactly Tony came from.
But regardless, the shelter is over the moon that he is safe and sound — and most importantly, that he is doing better.
Currently, he is staying with a foster family until he is old enough to be neutered and after that happens — the shelter will help him find his forever family.
"At this point his foster has been swamped with adoption applications and has some really great candidates, so we're not taking any more adoption applications for him at this time," Olohan said.
While Tony had a rough beginning — his sweet nature has not been affected.
If you feel led to help other animals in need, you can donate to the Austin Animal Center here.


Place shrimp, Italian dressing and Cajun seasoning in a quart-size plastic zipper bag. Press air out of bag; seal. Gently shake bag until mixture is combined. Refrigerate 30 minutes.
Place culinary basket on holders in grill.
Preheat grill and basket to MEDIUM-HIGH heat or GRILL ZONE (ORANGE). Drain shrimp; discard marinade. Place shrimp in basket.
Grill 7 to 10 minutes, stirring occasionally, until shrimp are pink and opaque.
Serving size: 1/4 of a recipe (6.1 ounces).


Described by its owners as "3.19 acres of urban paradise," the 100-feet-wide by ¼-mile-long Gateway Organic Farm is nestled between Highway 19 and Roosevelt Boulevard in Clearwater, an unlikely place for a farm.
Hank and Pam Sindlinger bought the property with the intention of simply using the existing greenhouse to cultivate Pam's herb garden hobby. Little did they know it would turn into the only USDA-certified organic family farm in Pinellas County, serving more than 100 families each week through community supported agriculture.
Originally from Manfield, OH, the Sindlingers had large gardens and farms throughout their lives but originally chose the corporate world when it came to their careers. In 2003 their lives changed abruptly when their grandchildren, Stephen and Stephanie, came to live with them. A desire to settle down and to retire in the Sunshine State ultimately led them to choose Clearwater as their home.
Their introduction to Florida gardening came in 2004 when they bought a small landscape nursery next to their house. Pam's involvement in local and statewide gardening groups introduced them to the concept of community supported agriculture (CSA), which allows the public to buy "shares" of the farm and then benefit from the harvest.
"We wanted to expose the children to the way we were raised — getting back to our roots, both literally and figuratively," says Pam Sindlinger, farmer and co-owner of Gateway Organic Farm.
Six years later, they have never looked back. After the CSA families benefit from the harvest, any abundance is sold to local chefs at restaurants such as the nearby Café Ponte, Parkshore Grill in St. Petersburg and Island Way Grill in Clearwater. They also host charity events, such as the fall festival for All Children's Hospital, which brought over 600 people to the farm.
Recently, they engaged in a community partnership with the High Point Neighborhood Family Center and Pinellas Technical Education Center's (pTEC) Culinary Program to create the first USDA certified organic community garden in Florida. The project, titled "Seeds2Soup," allows low-income families served by the Center to grow their own food at the farm. Children visit on a regular basis for farming and education, and their families receive hands-on classes in meal preparation through pTEC, using the food they grow.
"We want to teach them how to fish, not just give them a fishing pole," says Caroline Brown, program director for the Center. The idea is to instill self-sustainability so the families can continue to use the skills they have learned.
Families who participate in Seeds2Soup receive long-term benefits, with many still growing food in their homes.
"The parents are so happy to be able to grow food in their back yard and then actually have their kids enjoy eating vegetables," says Brown.
The project earned the farm the Florida Innovative Farmer Award for 2012 from the Florida Small Farm and Alternative Enterprise Conference. The award is based on achievement, innovation, leadership in supporting viable communities and effective outreach about sustainable agriculture.
"We would never have imagined things like this would come from growing turnips," reflects Sindlinger.


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Sumedang ist ein indonesischer Regierungsbezirk (Kabupaten) in der Provinz Jawa Barat, im Westen der Insel Java. Ende 2021 leben hier etwa 1,16 Millionen Menschen. Hauptstadt und Regierungssitz des Verwaltungsbezirks ist die Stadt Sumedang, die sich auf mehrere Distrikte verteilt.

Geographie
Der Regierungsbezirk Sumedang erstreckt sich zwischen 107°21′ und 108°21′ ö. L. sowie zwischen 6°44′ und 7°08′ s. Br. Er grenzt an folgende Kapubaten: im Norden an Indramayu, im Osten an Majalengka, im Süden an Garut, im Südwesten an Bandung und im Westen an Subang.

Verwaltungsgliederung

Administrativ unterteilt sich Sumedang in 26 Distrikte (Kecamatan), die sich in 277 Dörfer gliedern,  davon sind 7 Kelurahan, also städtischem Typs.
{| class="wikitable mw-datatable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7
! rowspan="2"|Code||rowspan="2" |KecamatanDistrikt||rowspan=2 |Ibu KotaVerwaltungssitz||rowspan="2"|Fläche(km²)
! rowspan="2"|EinwohnerCensus 2010||colspan="3"|Volkszählung 2020||colspan="2"| Anzahl der
|- class="hintergrundfarbe7
! Einwohner||Dichte||Sex Ratio||class="unsortable" |Desa||class="unsortable" |Kel.
|-
| 32.11.01 || style="text-align:left" | Wado || style="text-align:left" | Wado || 84,27 || 42.959 || 43.584 || 517,2 || 103,6 || 10 || –
|-
| 32.11.02 || style="text-align:left" | Jatinunggal || style="text-align:left" | Sirnasari || 72,12 || 41.198 || 44.811 || 621,3 || 101,3 || 9 || –
|-
| 32.11.03 || style="text-align:left" | Darmaraja || style="text-align:left" | Darmaraja || 49,38 || 37.028 || 35.860 || 726,2 || 101,2 || 12 || –
|-
| 32.11.04 || style="text-align:left" | Cibugel || style="text-align:left" | Cibugel || 59,52 || 20.787 || 23.735 || 398,8 || 103,9 || 7 || –
|-
| 32.11.05 || style="text-align:left" | Cisitu || style="text-align:left" | Situmekar || 65,03 || 26.185 || 29.715 || 456,9 || 101,5 || 10 || –
|-
| 32.11.06 || style="text-align:left" | Situraja || style="text-align:left" | Situraja || 43,23 || 35.910 || 41.194 || 952,9 || 101,2 || 14 || –
|-
| 32.11.07 || style="text-align:left" | Conggeang || style="text-align:left" | Conggeangwetan || 106,98 || 28.855 || 28.233 || 263,9 || 98,2 || 12 || –
|-
| 32.11.08 || style="text-align:left" | Paseh || style="text-align:left" | Paseh Kidul || 31,62 || 35.848 || 37.423 || 1.183,5 || 100,5 || 10 || –
|-
| 32.11.09 || style="text-align:left" | Surian || style="text-align:left" | Surian || 70,88 || 10.849 || 11.402 || 160,9 || 101,8 || 9 || –
|-
| 32.11.10 || style="text-align:left" | Buahdua || style="text-align:left" | Buahdua || 107,68 || 31.921 || 31.883 || 296,1 || 97,2 || 14 || –
|-
| 32.11.11 || style="text-align:left" | Tanjungsari || style="text-align:left" | Tanjungsari || 44,86 || 76.275 || 85.615 || 1.908,5 || 102,6 || 12 || –
|-
| 32.11.12 || style="text-align:left" | Sukasari || style="text-align:left" | Sukasari || 41,82 || 31.105 || 32.495 || 777,0 || 104,0 || 7 || –
|-
| 32.11.13 || style="text-align:left" | Pamulihan || style="text-align:left" | Ciptasari || 50,70 || 54.306 || 61.962 || 1.222,1 || 102,2 || 11 || –
|-
| 32.11.14 || style="text-align:left" | Cimanggung || style="text-align:left" | Sindangpakuon || 55,55 || 80.372 || 87.516 || 1.575,5 || 104,2 || 11 || –
|-
| 32.11.15 || style="text-align:left" | Jatinangor || style="text-align:left" | Hegarmanah || 31,60 || 107.695 || 98.034 || 3.102,3 || 105,8 || 12 || –
|-
| 32.11.16 || style="text-align:left" | Rancakalong || style="text-align:left" | Nagarawangi || 55,07 || 37.492 || 39.740 || 721,6 || 101,0 || 10 || –
|-
| 32.11.17 || style="text-align:left" | Sumedang Selatan || style="text-align:left" | Pasanggrahan Baru || 92,51 || 73.881 || 78.437 || 847,9 || 102,1 || 10 || 4
|-
| 32.11.18 || style="text-align:left" | Sumedang Utara || style="text-align:left" | Talun || 30,40 || 88.161 || 97.997 || 3.223,6 || 102,2 || 10 || 3
|-
| 32.11.19 || style="text-align:left" | Ganeas || style="text-align:left" | Cikoneng || 22,90 || 23.398 || 25.267 || 1.103,4 || 103,2 || 8 || –
|-
| 32.11.20 || style="text-align:left" | Tanjungkerta || style="text-align:left" | Sukamantri || 43,72 || 33.436 || 33.822 || 773,6 || 102,6 || 12 || –
|-
| 32.11.21 || style="text-align:left" | Tanjungmedar || style="text-align:left" | Kertamukti || 60,67 || 24.152 || 25.789 || 425,1 || 99,6 || 9 || –
|-
| 32.11.22 || style="text-align:left" | Cimalaka || style="text-align:left" | Cimalaka || 43,29 || 56.465 || 61.898 || 1.429,9 || 102,5 || 14 || –
|-
| 32.11.23 || style="text-align:left" | Cisarua || style="text-align:left" | Cisarua || 17,71 || 19.028 || 20.228 || 1.142,2 || 100,5 || 7 || –
|-
| 32.11.24 || style="text-align:left" | Tomo || style="text-align:left" | Tomo || 84,74 || 23.562 || 22.982 || 271,2 || 97,8 || 10 || –
|-
| 32.11.25 || style="text-align:left" | Ujungjaya || style="text-align:left" | Ujungjaya || 86,23 || 29.033 || 30.987 || 359,4 || 98,3 || 9 || –
|-
| 32.11.26 || style="text-align:left" | Jatigede || style="text-align:left" | Cijeungjing || 106,24 || 23.701 || 21.898 || 206,1 || 97,5 || 11 || –
|-
! 32.11 || Kab. Sumedang || || style="text-align:right" | 1.558,72 || style="text-align:right" | 1.093.602 || style="text-align:right" | 1.152.507
! style="text-align:right" | 739,4 || 102,0 || 277 || 7
|}

Demographie
Zur Volkszählung im September 2020 (Sensus Penduduk − SP2020) lebten in Sumedang 1.152.507 Menschen, davon 581.991 Frauen und 570.516 Männer.

Bevölkerungsentwicklung der letzten drei Semester (Halbjahre)

Ende 2021 bekannten sich 99,53 Prozent der Gesamtbevölkerung zum Islam – 0,44 % waren Christen (4.521 ev.-luth. / 620 röm.-kath.) sowie 0,02 % Buddhisten.

Weblinks

 mannigfaltige Publikationen im PDF-Format auf der Statistikseite des Kabupaten Sumedang (indonesisch/englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Kabupaten in Jawa Barat

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Change Implementation Techniques for Laying a Foundation for New Ways
Technique 1.39 Non‐Verbal Signals (including tone)
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. Understanding non‐verbal or social signals (including overall body language, gesticulation, proximity to others, tone of voice, etc) is a vital component of interpersonal communications, comprehension, understanding, etc.
"...people may not often tell us in words what they feel, but they communicate their feelings in their tone of voice, their facial expressions and other non‐verbal ways..."
Martyn Newman, 2007
"...In conversations, people tend automatically and continuously to mimic and synchronize their movements with facial expressions, voices, postures, movements..."
Elaine Hatford has quoted by Robert Sutton, 2007
"...though we cannot literally read other people's minds, we spend a great deal of our daily lives listening carefully to what other people say, watching their faces, eyes and body language and trying to make sense of their behaviour..."
Robert Winston, 2002
"...the minute you open a business meeting or presentation, your first words will tell those present whether you are worth listening to. People are usually thinking about other things and you have to break their preoccupation. They'll give you a few minutes and then they go back to their thoughts, unless you hold them......your voice conveys a lot of information about you......it tells roughly how old you are, if you're interested in the conversation, and if you are lacking confidence or feeling low......when speech patterns are conflicting or predictable, the audience continues to hear but stops listening. To be entertained, the ear needs vocal variety. It is only when the content is compelling that the quality of voice does not matter..."
Michael Kelly as quoted by Jill Margo, 2007
The importance of non‐verbal signal compared with verbal signals is demonstrated by the Mebrabian equation for interpersonal communications:
"...Message = 20% words + 40% body language + 40% tone of voice..."
as quoted by John Edwards et al, 1997
Others (eg Amanda Cooper, 1996 and Rose‐Anne Manns, 2007a) state that words maybe as little as 7% of the message while body language accounts for 55%!!!!!!!
Yet most of our communication puts emphasis on the "word" part of the message, rather than the tone and/or body language
. It has been suggested that the reason body language is so important, it that it could be linked with the human evolutionary process, ie language was developed after body language (gestures)
"...language may have developed out of gestures......chimpanzees are much better at sign language than speaking......in their brains, the area corresponding to the Broca's area is involved with making and perceiving hand and arm movements. Deaf humans also have no difficulty developing sign languages..."
Furthermore, there is speculation
"...that bipedalism enabled early man to develop hand and facial gestures first and that speech only developed after the rules had been laid down in the brain for grammar, syntax, etc..."
Michael Corballis as quoted by Peter Watson, 2006
Body language or non‐verbal signals are important in effective communication, ie
"...in expressing internal emotional states to others, in reading their internal states, body language is very important......group communication, and at its most basic, entails the ability to read and express emotions......gestures, how we stand or sit, the use of our hands are all very important in conveying deference, indifference, trustworthiness..."
. Software is being developed where they are able to analyse facial coding, full sensing, gesture tracking and gaze tracking
. Research (Michael Slepian, 2013) has demonstrated that by watching professional poker players' hands, the quality of their cards could be determined. It is known that anxiety has a tendency to disrupt smooth body movement. The more smoothly players pushed his/her chips to the middle of the table, the more likely that the player had a good hand. This is more revealing than other movements like eyes, face, etc
. Body language and leadership are linked. A leader's body language will have a great impact on his/her followers, especially if there is some passion. The body language will re‐enforce his/her message. For example, passion is best expressed by action (including tone and gestures) rather than words
. In the Western culture, the most successful people are
"...more energetic. They talk more, but also they listen more. They spend more face‐to‐face time with others. They pick up cues from others, draw people out, and get them to be more outgoing. It's not just what they project that makes them charismatic; is what they elicit. The more of these energetic, positive people you put on a team, the better the team performance..."
Alex Pentland, 2010
. The importance of face‐to‐face communications. Alex Pentland (2010), stresses its importance, ie it is 2 times as important to success as additional access to information. Furthermore, it is thought that productivity can be increased by 10% by just rearranging the work environment to promote more employee interaction.
. Body language or non‐verbal signals include
‐ gestures (how we use our hands, etc)
‐ facial expressions (see later)
‐ actions
‐ deeds
‐ tone of voice (see later)
‐ silence
‐ stance
‐ posture
‐ movement
‐ immobility
‐ smile
‐ presence and absence.
These non‐verbal signals usually "speak louder than words" and can strengthen or damage your communications.
. As an English medical student, Robert Winston received the following advice about establishing good emotional contact with a "white English" patient
"...shake hands at the start of a consultation, make eye contact, lean forward towards the patient, do not cross your arms or fiddle with your pen, do not answer the telephone or turn to engage another person in conversation. Sit close to them if they are lying or sitting, and try to keep your head at their level. Show interest in what they are saying..."
. Remember: the first impression is pivotal in determining others' reaction to you. Even before your speak, people are making judgments about you based on your body language, etc. Included in first impressions is the way you dress, groom and behave. This has been referred to as the "beauty premium". Based on economic research in USA and Europe, the "beauty premium" is worth 5% in wages and there is a "plainness penalty" of 9%; with women receiving a lesser premium and a greater penalty than men. It is claimed that the "beauty premium"
"...is mostly due to physical appearance rather than self‐perception......it looks like there's no difference between discrimination based on race and that based on beauty. It doesn't mean that an ugly person can't rise to the top; it's just that they face impediments getting to the top in the same way that someone born overseas or a woman faces impediments..."
Andrew Leigh as quoted by Deirde Macken, 2008
. Non‐verbal signals incorporate macro‐ and micro‐expressions or messages. For example, if a person is nervous they will bite their lip, and there will be noticeable changes in the macro signals which include
‐ heart and breathing rates
‐ blood pressure
‐ skin conductivity.
The micro‐measures are less controllable and more instantaneous than the macro messages. The micro‐indicators, such as inner eye and eyebrow movements, are more reliable indicators but harder to detect and more automatic than the macro‐indicators
For fear, the facial micro‐messages will include
‐ the eyebrows pulled up and together
‐ the upper eye lids are pulled up
‐ the mouth stretches back a little.
Furthermore, our skin, eyes and heart all register changes when we make decisions.
. These micro‐message take 1/10 of a second to occur and are very hard to notice. Furthermore, you cannot make them happen on purpose and/or hide them. Thus, the micro‐messages are more subtle and more indicative than macro‐messages.
. This highlights the importance of face‐to‐face communications compared with other methods of communications, such as telephone, video and internet linkages, as the complex range of non‐verbal signals will be less detectable. A telephone caller maybe disadvantaged by not seeing the other person laying their hands on the table (that may indicate a readiness to negotiate) or their leaning back (which can indicate the rejection of a proposal). The significant cues of staring (which may indicate that we feel combative) or the placing of hands behinds the head (which may suggest that we think that we know it all!!!!) are not available in non‐visual contact situations
. Cultural differences that can complicate the interpretation of non‐verbal signals, such as the gesture of using the "thumb touching the first finger in an oval shape" sign which has meanings dependent on location:
‐ in USA and Australia, it means "OK"
‐ in southern France, it means "zero or worthless"
‐ in Japan, it is the "symbol of money", ie a coin
‐ in Fiji, it means "fear"
‐ in Latin American countries, it means "jerk"
. A component of body language is the distance people stand apart when conversing, called distancing. Based on American studies, there are 4 types of distancing
‐ intimacy distance (less than half a meter for people who know each other very well)
‐ personal distance (around half to 1 metre is the range in which personal conversations are conducted as this distance permits normal voice and takes into account intense eye contact)
‐ social distance (around 1 to 2 metres is the range in which one person is comfortable when talking to several at once, such at a party, in a crowd, etc; usually the voice is raised and there is less personal focus on any given individual
‐ public distance (around 3 to 8 meters is the distance the audience is defined as undifferentiated and our voice can be raised with our eyes roaming the room rather than focusing on anyone in particular)
One needs to be aware of cultural differences in distancing. What is acceptable in some cultures will be regarded as too close in another culture, etc
. An interesting observation,
"...According to body language experts, if someone's feet are pointing the directly at the person speaking, then they are probably in deep conversation. If their body language is more open, they will be welcome to interlopers..."
Brad Hatch, 2006a
. Furthermore, we automatically assign positive traits like honesty, intelligence, kindness and talent to good‐looking people, and we make these judgments unconsciously
. Research conducted in the 1976 Canadian Federal Elections found
"...attractive candidates received two and half times the votes given unattractive candidates......follow‐up research with voters found 73% of voters strongly denied that a candidate's appearance could have influenced their choice and only 1 in 8 voters was prepared to even consider that a candidate's appearance could have affected their vote. This means they made their votes on a subconscious level without even knowing it......our brains are hardwired to react to another's physical appearance..."
Alan Pease et al, 2002
Tone and emphasis are important in conversation. Emphasis involves
‐ inflection (such as, when asking a question, putting the emphasis at the end of the sentence)
‐ speed (when nervous we tend to speak faster)
‐ volume (increasing volume gives emphasis)
‐ pausing (can give a dramatic impact)
‐ breathing (if nervous it is frequent and shallow; it is best if the speaker breathes slowly and deeply)
. Identical words can be delivered in so many variations, due to the huge range of vocal elements. For example:
"...That's mine..."
This can be delivered as an assertive statement, or as a question if rising inflection occurs at the end of the sentence.
"... I didn't say she stole my money..."
i) "... I didn't say she stole my money..." (but someone said it)
ii) "... I didn't say she stole my money..." (I definitely didn't say it)
iii) "... I didn't say she stole my money..." (but I implied it)
iv) "... I didn't say she stole my money..." (but someone stole it)
v) "... I didn't say she stole my money..." (but she did something with it)
vi) "... I didn't say she stole my money..." (she stole someone else's money)
vii) "... I didn't say she stole my money..." (she took something else)
Seven different meanings can be conveyed without changing one syllable, but merely deciding which syllables to emphasize.
. Tone of voice is an important part of communications: by speaking harshly you can convey anger; or sympathy is suggested by speaking softly. An inappropriate tone may generate a counter‐productive signal in the listener; unless you hear the words said, you can't possibly assess accurately what is meant by a given comment.
. Linked with tone are volume and rate of verbal responses, ie
"...verbal tones create an emotional atmosphere. Generally, if you mimic the tone, volume and rate of the verbal responses of the person you are talking to, he or she will be more likely to feel understood. The tone of your voice can change from a low to a high tone, or from a relaxed to a tense tone. The optimum tone is one that is produced and heard without straining. The rate of your speech involves how many words you use in a response and also the frequency and duration of pauses between comments. To demonstrate that you ready what to listen to another you can pause slightly when they stop speaking to see if they want to continue. A rapid speech rate response can increase the tension in a conversation that may be unwanted. By contrast, slowing your speech right down has the effect of taking the emotional temperature down, too..."
Facial expression and recognition
. Facial recognition always involves a strong emotional content.
"...When we communicate emotion, facial expression is by far the most important mechanism......this is why we are never entirely neutral in our dealings with other human beings ‐ however much we would like to be. Some people look trustworthy or kind to us. (In fact, research has shown that men with softer, more feminine features are more likely to be found 'not guilty' in court). Other people may seem sad, or threatening ‐ without us being able to find any solid evidence to support that verdict..."
"...we are endowed with an ability to evaluate, in a single glance at a stranger's face, two potentially critical factors about the person: how dominant (and thereby potentially threatening) he is, and how trustworthy he is, whether his intentions are more likely to be friendly or hostile. The shape of the face provides the cues for assessing dominance: a "strong" squared chin is one such cue. Facial expressions (smile or frown) provide the cues for assessing the stranger's intentions. The combination of a square chin with turned‐down mouth may spell trouble. The accuracy of face reading is far from perfect......faces that exude confidence combined a strong chin with a slight confident‐appearing smile......usually evoke stronger indications of (negative) emotional responses...... these assessments include computations of similarities and representativeness, attributions of causality, and evaluations of the available associations exemplars..."
On the other hand, facial expressions can be faked. Also emotions will dominate rationality and realism.
. Facial recognition takes place along 2 pathways within the brain: one is the conscious realm (higher cortex) and another is the unconscious (limbic system including the amygdala)
"...the conscious pathway works at a slower speed ‐ it is here that we work out, for instance, whose face we are looking at, and how we should behave towards them. This is why we often have an almost instantaneous first impression of a person, which is chiefly an emotional feeling......which we might find hard to put in words, which might, upon further inspection, turn out to be quite wrong.......amygdala does not merely generate emotions, but seems to encode very basic emotional memories. On meeting someone whose face has vague similarities to the feared and hated......for example, triggers a swift, brief and shadowy reliving of our feelings towards the original figure..."
. There are some 7,000 facial expressions (see some of these expressions later in this section) in our repertoire and these expressions have similar meanings throughout the world. This is different from gestures which can have different meanings in different cultures (see later in this section) Also,
"...Psychological studies have shown that we are, in fact, more inclined to trust people whose facial characteristics resemble our own..."
Robert Winton (2003)
"...Facial attractiveness is a visual marker for fertility, genetic quality and health. The fact that such qualities have little to do with contemporary job performance......we are programmed to select beautiful people..."
Marc F Luxen et al, 2006
. We are better at visual recognition than verbal description. We find it easier to visualise faces like Marilyn Munro, Albert Einstein, etc. than to describe (verbally or in writing) them. We have an instinctive memory for faces.
. When looking at faces we use part of the brain called the fusiform gyrus that allows us differentiate the thousands of faces we know. On the other hand, when we look at objects, we use a different and less powerful part of the brain (inferior temporal gyrus)
. Faces hold valuable clues to inner emotions and motivations, and reveal what is going on inside our mind. Facial expressions are sufficient to create marked changes in the autonomic nervous system, like physiological responses (changed heartbeat, body temperature, etc.)
"...Many facial expressions can be made voluntary......But our faces are also governed by a separate, involuntary system that makes expressions that we have no conscious control over......Response may linger on the face for just a fraction of a second or be detectable only if electrical sensors are attached to the face...... Our voluntary expressive system is the way we intentionally signal our emotions. But our involuntary expressive system is in many ways even more important: it is the way we have been equipped by evolution to signal our authentic feelings..."
Malcolm Gladwell, 2005
. Furthermore,
"... We take it as a given that we first experience an emotion, and then we may ‐ or may not ‐ experience that emotion on our face. We think of the face as a residue of emotion......research showed, though, is that the process works in the opposite direction as well. Emotions can also start on the face. The face is not a secondary billboard for our internal feelings. It is an equal partner in the emotional process..."
. There is a common set of rules that govern the facial expressions of human beings and these are not culturally determined, ie we don't use our faces according to a set of learned social convention. The face is a goldmine of information about emotions. The face can make 43 distinct muscular movements. There are 300 combinations of 2 muscles; if you add a third muscle, there are over 4,000 combinations; 5 muscles can produce over 10,000 facial configurations. Research (Malcolm Gladwell, 2005) has shown that around 3,000 facial combinations mean something.
. Research has shown that people from different countries respond identically to emotions expressed facially. This means that emotions and their corresponding facial expressions are innate and not learnt. These emotions include happiness, anger, sadness, surprise, fear, disgust, etc have served an evolutionary purpose. For example, disgust (corners of the lip downturned, nose wrinkled & eyes slightly split) has an important function as it has evolved in to avoidance to disease pathogens. We have learnt the meaning of what is toxic or disgusting by relying on cues from our surroundings. Over time we have developed a more complex system of emotional communication where we find some things which are revolting are generally unsafe and some have just been culturally constructed to seem so. Expressions of disgust may be universal but the things that elicit it are not. Emotions are processed in the basal ganglia and anterior insula of the brain; this area is very malleable, ie things can be reinterpreted or re-imagined
. It is of interest to note conditions like autism result in sufferers losing the ability to read and interpret body language, such as gestures and facial expressions, which puts them at a disadvantage in inter‐personal relationships.
. When we communicate emotions, facial expressions are the most important mechanism
"...expressions might be common to everyone, but the understanding of them differs from one individual to another. If your experience of smiles has been that people are mocking you, or are about to do something unpleasant, you won't be happy to see a smile. You maybe afraid and defensive..."
"...we are hardwired to copy our fellow humans......there are various neurons within the brain that appear to fire only in response to the actions of other humans. The presence of these so‐called "mirror‐neurons" would tend to confirm the notion that modern man evolved living in groups, and that imitating our fellow group members was a valuable strategy to survive..."
. Smiling is an important facial expression. There are 2 types of smiles, ie the authentic and plastic. The muscles that produce the authentic smile a very difficult to control voluntarily as it is produced spontaneously when people are genuinely happy. To produce this model you must feel generally positive and pleased as the emotions are reflected in your facial expressions. The plastic smile can be produced on demand when the occasion demands that you perform politely. It is claimed
"...the genuine smile seems to reflect an attitude to life and a high level of optimism that convincingly predicts greater levels of satisfaction..."
Some people have difficulty reading neutral faces as neutral. People who grew up with parents who fought a lot, have problems learning to read neutral faces; they are okay in discerning happy or angry expressions.
Conditions like depression, anxiety and irritability can affect on how another person's face is perceived.
"...adults who are exposed to violence, neglect or physical abuse in their childhood are more likely to see hostility where there is none. This can create a self reinforcing cycle..."
Heather Murphy 2018
· By using for just 2 min high-power posture techniques that "make yourself feel big" changes the way the brain reacts and builds courage, reduces anxiety and inspires leadership. It involves standing in an expansive mode like starfish or standing with hands on hips, legs wide; shoot your arm straight up to answer questions rather than giving a bent elbow wave. Other high-power postures include
- feet on the desk with fingers laced behind the head; this increases testosterone levels by around 20% and lowers the stress hormone Cortisol by around 25 (David Hochman, 2014a)
- adopting upright, open postures
- stretching out comfortably
- raising and extending arms and legs
· Postures like touching the face or neck or crossing the ankles tightly while sitting are all associated with powerlessness, submissiveness and intimidation; similarly, slouched and hunched up postures
· Stereotyping is based on how people's snap judgments about warmth, courtesy and trustworthiness affect whom they date, hire, envy and disparage
· Our own body language sends signals to our own brains
Some Interesting Facial Expressions
(source: Bertha Tobias, 2003)
. Importance of facial expressions
‐ they are not culturally‐determined
‐ they provide a "goldmine" of information about emotions, especially about what is happening inside our minds
‐ they are linked with the automatic nervous system, ie if your facial expressions generate anger, your heartbeat will increase, hands become hot, etc
‐ the face is not merely a residue for emotions; it can actually initiate emotions
‐ expressions can be both voluntary (the way we intentionally signal our emotions) or involuntary (equipped by evolution to signal our authentic feelings)
‐ micro‐ expressions can be hard to read
. Eye contact can mean different things. In Western culture we are encouraged to look into the eyes when talking to somebody, or listening to them, eg a parent will tell a child, "Look at me when I am talking with you". Returning a gaze is an indication of "communication receptivity". When people are in love or agreement, eye contact is a way of expressing this. On the other hand, when people are expecting conflict, eye contact is a way of conveying power, ie asserting dominance. Yet in some cultures, eye contact can be seen as threatening, eg eye contact with a female in Fiji can be interpreted as sexual harassment!!!!!
. An example of facial body language is the "4 faces of insight". People's faces change considerably when they have an "insight". The changes occur in a few seconds before, during and after someone has an insight; they produce 4 faces (awareness of dilemma, reflection, motivation and illumination
i) awareness of dilemma (identification of some kind of problem to be solved; with face looking a little unhappy and perplexed; eyes may be squinting slightly)
ii) reflection (most people look up and across with a dazed look on their face; the mouth might tense up; nearly everyone goes silent for a moment ‐ it has been found that people's brains give off Alpha‐band waves just before they come up with an insight. These waves occur when people shut down inputs from their external senses and focus on internal stimuli. Alpha waves occur with the release of the neurotransmitter serotonin, a chemical messenger that increases relaxation and eases pain, ie we tend to feel good. During this stage we do think logically or analyse data, ie we reflect more. The brain is making links and connections.)
iii) elimination (this involves a rush of energy like an energetic punch. Strong gamma‐band waves are omitted as the brain simultaneously processes information across different regions to form a new middleman, ie insight
iv) motivation (the eyes light up and the mouth opens)
There are 2 types of smiling:
i) a polite smile involves 2 muscles and is used as a pretend/false or smile, usually on social occasions
ii) a genuine smile uses 4 muscles. When a genuine smile fades, it does so in a more even pattern than the polite smile
"...facial expressions are a vital part of our emotional vocabulary, and while it is possible to become conscious of them, they largely take place in the region of unthought, habitual action......6 such basic facial expressions: anger, disgust, sadness, fear, surprise and happiness.... we have automatic reactions that unfold within microseconds when we see these facial signals in others.....of the brain......the left side may read voice information, while the right responds to facial information..."
Body language can profoundly, but generally unconsciously, affect people
"...In expressing our internal emotional state to others, and in reading their internal states, body language is very important..."
. Everyone can control their body language to an extent to hide their true feelings. But generally the body language will demonstrate true feelings and will contradict verbal lies.
If non‐verbals contradict the verbals, people believe and trust the non‐verbals
First impressions are very important. It is thought that the initial 5 seconds of any first meeting are more important than the next 5 minutes. So attention to details like grooming and appropriate clothing are important if you want to create the right impression
"...in a business environment......we found that the balder the man, the more power and success he was perceived to have, and the less resistance people would put up when he enforced his authority. The hairy‐headed men, on the other hand, were thought to be less powerful and less well‐paid..."
. Body language experts have long suggested that a significant part of the message an audience receives is determined before the speaker opens his/her mouth
"...yet most organisations......act as if bodies ‐ stature, size, posture, voice ‐ do not matter.....stature, gestures and voice are all critical to the construction of authority..."
Amanda Sinclair in AFRBoss, July 2001
. Organisations place a premium on performance and the illusion of competence, which even manifests itself in terms of height, ie
"...58 percent of American chief executive officers are more than six feet tall (183 cm), compared with just 14 percent of the total population..."
Malcolm Gladwell as quoted by Luke Collins, 2005
. There are gender differences. For example, women use body language (including tone of voice) more effectively than men, ie
"...body language reveals a woman's emotional condition and accounts for 60% ‐ 80% of the impact of most females......tone of voice conveys what she means and women communicate with a range of five tones ‐ men can only identify three. Words account for a mere 7% to 10% of the impact of the message. Consequently, the words are not critical to their conversation because most of their messages are non‐verbal..."
Furthermore, a woman displays more of the white of her eyes than a man because the female brain is organized as a close range communication tool
"...the white of an eye is an aid to face‐to‐face communications as it lets someone monitor the direction of another person's gaze, which gives clues to their attitude..."
To demonstrate that you are interested when talking to someone you need to
‐ maintain eye contact with the other person
‐ listen to what the other person is saying, ie 2 ears and 1 mouth and use them in that ratio!!
‐ mirror body language, ie break down barriers by adopting the other person's pose and actions
‐ face the person you are talking to and listening to, which demonstrates that you are interested. Even more powerful is to stand/sit side‐by side rather than face‐to‐face; this indicates that you are on their side!!!!!!!
‐ tilt your head slightly to show you are interested
"...Laughter functions primarily as a social lubricant......laughter is up to 30 times more likely to occur in a group than when we are alone. It also seems that human laughter produces a phenomenon called allomimesis ‐ in which the behaviour of individuals synchronises, and results in all reporting the same physiological and emotional sensations......if the participants are interested in one another, the frequency and emphasis of the male's body movements directly mirrored the amplitude and frequency of the female laughter. In turn, the more mirroring there was between their body movements and the female laughter, the more the males rated the experience as pleasure. In other words, laughter gets us "on the same wavelength"......laughter can defuse violence, promote group bonding..."
. There are 3 areas of the brain involved in laughter
"...the frontal lobe assesses the situation and detects 'what's funny', the supplementary motor area produces necessary facial and vocal movements and the nucleus accumbens gives rise to the attendant feeling of pleasure......the normally functioning brain depends upon both hemispheres working in tandem ‐ left producing the emotion, and right producing the meaning ‐ for humour to work..."
. Explore your awareness of body language messages by completing this matching columns exercise in the 2 exercises!
Exercise 1 ‐ The left hand column contains a list of body language behaviours. Draw lines to connect each behaviour with its corresponding message.
Description of your body language
What your body language is saying to others!
1. Body facing to the front with an open posture
A. I am determined to take control
2. Using reciprocal body language and maintaining strong eye contact.
B. I do not believe you
3. Direct gaze and broad smile
C. I am alert and interested
4. Hands on hips and/or standing on toes
D. I agree with you
5. Indirect gaze with slight slumping of shoulders
E. I am not confident
6. Head slightly tilted and hand on chin with fore finger pointed upwards
F. I am confident
7. Averted gaze with touching of the ear by the hand
G. I need reassurance
8. Raised eyebrows and gesturing with open hand
H. I am stressing a point
9. One hand around the neck and other hand around the waist
I. I want to encourage you
10. Opening your hands while speaking
J. I am lacking confidence
11. Pen/pencil biting and indirect gaze
L. I want to be helpful
12. Supportive gestures, such as making eye contact and nodding while somebody is talking
K. I am emphasizing a point
13. Relaxed arms and legs
M. I am not willing to co‐operate
14. Making eye contact and leaning forward
N. I need reassurance
15. Head tilted forward, steely gaze and face cupped in hands
O. I am relaxed
16. Raised eyebrows and slight smile
P. I am appraising you unemotionally
17. Arms crossed defensively and leaning backwards
Q. I am considering the point you have made
18. Open, direct gaze with eyes and with fingers interconnected
R. I am not tense
19. Frown on forehead, leaning forward with elbows on knees and chin resting on clasped hands
S. I have your attention
Answers to above test on your awareness on body language:
1F, 2O, 3S, 4A, 5J, 6P, 7B, 8K, 9N, 10H, 11D, 12E, 13R, 14C, 15G, 16I, 17M, 18L & 19Q.
NB Options E, G, J & N are interchangeable
Exercise 2 ‐ In the left hand column is a description of elements of body language; write your "interpretation" in the right hand column
1. Leaning back with arms folded and legs crossed and an impassive expression on face
2. The head leaning forward with chin resting knuckles of hand and raised eye brows
3. Chin resting on open hand and legs crossed
4. Knitted brow, closed eyes and nose pinching
5. Leaning forward with frank, open expression on face and hands gently clasped
6. Indirect gaze and ear pulling
7. Indirect gaze and body turns away
8. Tilted head with raised eye brows and set mouth
9. Tense jaw with wide eyes
10. Tilting head towards speaker with open facial expression
11. Eyes lowered and fiddling with fingers or biro
12. Fist is clenched with lowered head and is glaring aggressively
13. Hand is pointing aggressively with a strong gaze
14. Hand is raised and gaze upwards
15. Arms are folded and gaze downwards
16. Slightly opened mouth and hand covering mouth
17. Open hands like a stop sign while maintaining eye contact and calm, measured voice
18. Turning your body away and glancing at your watch and/or holding your pen as though writing
Sample answers to above test on your awareness of body language:
1. (I disagree with you), 2. (I am interested), 3. (I have an open mind), 4. (I am confused and have doubts about what is being said), 5. (I am interested in what you are saying), 6. (I reject what you are saying), 7. (I am doubtful), 8. (I am bored and not interested), 9. (I am irritated), 10. (I am interested), 11 (I am not interested), 12 (I am angry and not happy), 13 (I want to argue with you), 14 (I want to say something), 15 (I am shying away from involvement), 16 (I don't believe you), 17 (I am trying to calm the proceedings down) & 18 (I don't want to be interrupted)
More comments on reading body language
. Some negative body language includes arms being crossed defensively, the body tilted slightly backwards and a frown on the face
. Always match your tone of voice to the message you are delivering. And remember: a genuine smile is audible in the voice
. Do not drop your voice at the end of a sentence ‐ it is dispiriting
. Over‐assertive gestures, such as banging a table or other signs of anger, can alienate people
. Keep your distance by leaving an acceptable distance between people. This distance changes depending on situations; for instance, guests at a social gathering stand closer to each other than strangers in a non‐social situation. Generally, people who live in rural areas stand further apart than city dwellers. If in doubt about appropriate spacing when standing with others, leave a personal space of around 1 metre
. If you are feeling tense, take a slow, deep breath
. Make sure you that are not unintentionally wearing a hostile expression
. Practise a range of gestures in front of a mirror to find those that look natural for you. Gesturing with your hand adds emphasis. This emphasis can be signalled by a chopping motion, shaking a fist, smacking your fist into an open palm, or by spreading your palm, etc
Remember that it is the cluster or combination of signals, rather than any single gesture, that is important. If someone rubs his eyes, they may genuinely be itchy, sore or tired. You need to see at least 3 signals before you can assume that the person is lying
. There are involuntary signs that are revealed when you are not telling the truth, ie
"...moving the head a lot when talking, repeatedly touching the face, too much (too little) eye contact, sweating and dilated pupils, remembering too few or too many details, delivering abrupt answers to questions and leaving long gaps, or no gaps at all, before answering questions. Repetitious 'ums' and "ahs', too are a bit of a giveaway......voice quality changes......everyone has a specific set of facial 'give away clues' ‐ what the poker players would call a ' tell'. When Mrs Thatcher publicly denied that she ordered the sinking of the General Belgrano, for instance, her eyelids engaged in a brief but rapid flutter. When Kim Philby denied being the 'third man' who tipped off Burgess and McLean that their cover as double agents had been blown, his right inner eyebrow made a quick involuntary flicker. TV footage of former US President Bill Clinton has, unsurprisingly, also undergone some quite thorough investigation by those interested in the science of lying.......noted a range of changes in Clinton's body language when he publicly denied having sex with Monica Lewinsky......compared with his public interview when he was sworn in as President. During the interview about Monica Lewinsky, Bill Clinton showed a 250 percent increase in hand‐to‐face touching, and a 355 percent increase in drinking and swallowing. Meantime his stuttering rate increased by 1,400 percent, and other errors in speech by 1,700..."
At the same time, it should be acknowledged that the interview about Monica Lewinsky was in a very different context, ie he would be feeling more aggressive than when he was sworn in a President
Linking speaking and thinking
The way people speak shows how they think. Thinking preferences can be categorised by choice of phrase. Categories include:
. Visual (I see where you're coming from)
. Auditory (this sounds like to problem to me)
. Kinistec (I can do it)
Adopting a similar posture and using the same gestures can create empathy. Furthermore, after initially mirroring their posture and language, you can subtly and slowly change your posture and language to suit what you are communicating, such as if they are sitting defensively, mirror their posture and then slowly change it to a more open one, ie leaning slightly forward, direct eye contact with a closed mouth smile and slightly clasped hands.
(sources: Alan Pease et al, 2002; Rosaline Scandar, 2002; Annabel Hepworth, 2004; Roger E Axtell, 1998; Mark Frank, 2002; John Edwards et al, 1997; Catherine Fox, 2005; Robert Winston, 2003; Dennis Hall, 2006 Amanda Cooper, 1996; Rose‐Anne Manns, 2007a; Martyn Newman, 2007; Deirde Macken, 2008; David Rock et al, 2006a; Anne Eisenberg, 2013)
Some Photographs Demonstrating Different Non‐verbal Signals
(source: Robert Heller et al, 1998)
Learning to listen:
Know which questions to ask ‐ it will help you get the right answers
Use silence confidently as a technique to encourage hesitant speakers
Think about the words you hear, not the person saying them
Keep an open mind about what people say
Put promises in writing as soon as you can to avoid misunderstandings
Listening skills ‐ 3 main types
i) Empathising (drawing out the speaker and getting information in a supportive, helpful way). This involves imagining yourself in another person's position by trying to understand what they are thinking, and letting them feel comfortable ‐ possibly by relating to their emotional experiences. This is usually indicated by paying close attention to what the person is saying, talking very little and using encouraging nods and words
ii) Analysing (seeking concrete information and trying to disentangle facts from emotion). This involves the use of analytical questions to discover the reasons behind the speaker's statements, especially if you need to understand a sequence of facts or thoughts. Frame the questions carefully, so you can pick up clues from the answers and use the person's signals to help form your next set of questions.
iii) Synthesising (proactively guiding the exchange toward an objective). If you need to achieve a desired result, make statements to which others can respond with ideas. Listen and give your answers to others' remarks in a way that suggests which ideas can be enacted and how they might be implemented. Alternatively, include a different solution in your next question.
Points to remember :
A speaker's confidence is heightened by intent listening
What you are told should be regarded as trustworthy until proved otherwise
Misunderstandings are caused by wishful listening ‐ hearing only what you want to hear (selective hearing). Selective hearings can be influenced by prejudices, stereotypical views, favouritism and/or an inflexible mindset. Listen to what other people are saying without imposing your assumptions and pre‐conceptions. Do not assume that you know what somebody is going to say and consequently miss the actual message
Some useful statements to help clarify and understand the speaker's message:
. I am afraid I did not quite catch what you said. Would you mind repeating it, please?
. I am aware that this isn't your field of expertise, but I would be very interested in your opinion
. I can't have explained myself clearly. What I meant to establish was.....
The 3 steps to successful communications are:
. listen carefully to what is said
. respond (if necessary, ask for clarification)
. finally, take action
Constant interruptions can be very off‐putting for people who find it difficult to get across their point of view (it is a good idea to wait 3 seconds after you think the speaker has finished before replying)
Test your understanding by rephrasing statements and repeat them to the speaker (this will improve the understanding between speaker and listener)
There is a difference between listening and hearing
. hearing is a physical process which is passive, ie the ears are working
. listening is active, ie alert and focused and, in addition to hearing, involves non‐verbal signals such as eye contact, alert expression and attentive posture
One of the important parts of listening is appearing non‐judgmental
Reflective listening ‐ playing back explicit understandings of what someone has said to us. This allows validation of the comprehended message, and reassures the speaker that his/her point is understood and taken seriously
Being misunderstood ‐ There are several main causes of being misunderstood
You are not clear about what you want to say;
Your language is vague even though your objectives are clear;
Your body language contradicts your verbal message;
Listener has decided in advance what the message is, without listening to you.
Feedback ‐ guidelines for analysing a mistake:
Show an understanding of exactly what went wrong;
Draw out ways in which performance or behaviour can be improved;
Use questioning rather than assertions to let the staff member know what you think and why;
aim to express your negative opinions honestly, but in a positive manner;
Most importantly, take negative feedback away from the emotional zone by being objective, not personal.
Asking questions (why, what, how and when)
The art of questioning lies in knowing which questions to ask when.
Types of questions:
‐ open (question does not invite any particular answer, but opens up discussion), eg what do you think about....... ?
‐ closed (question is specific and must be answered with a yes or a no, or with details as appropriate), eg do you ever read the company's newsletters?
‐ fact finding (question is aimed at getting information on a particular subject), eg what percentage of the staff read the newsletter?
‐ follow‐up (additional question is intended to get more information or to elicit an opinion), eg is this a good signal compared with last time?
‐ feedback (question is aimed at getting a particular type of information), eg do you think that communication within the company has improved?
Ask specific questions if you want to hear specific answers.
‐ used open‐ended questions, ie unable to give a "yes/no" answer, to gain insight into the other person's character, and to invite a signal; write a list of questions before you start a meeting.
‐ do not be afraid to pause while thinking of your next question.
‐ speak in as natural a tone as possible to create a warm environment
. As an interesting side‐line, during puberty our ability to read non‐verbal signals is put on hold, ie
"...brains scans showed that a particular area of the prefrontal cortex was smaller in teenagers than it was in children. One explanation maybe that the transition to adulthood, in brain and body, calls for a massive internal effort......certain brain areas shrink back to allow others natural resources ‐ neuronal material, neurotransmitters, glucose..."
(sources: Robert Heller, 1998; Alan Pease et al, 2002; Robert Winston, 2003; The Economist, 2013)


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text:
package com.navercorp.pinpoint.batch.alarm.checker;

import com.navercorp.pinpoint.web.alarm.DataCollectorCategory;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.common.server.bo.event.AgentEventBo;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.common.server.util.AgentEventType;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.common.trace.ServiceType;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.common.util.StringUtils;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.web.alarm.CheckerCategory;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.batch.alarm.collector.AgentEventDataCollector;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.web.alarm.vo.Rule;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.web.dao.AgentEventDao;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.web.dao.ApplicationIndexDao;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.web.vo.Application;
import com.navercorp.pinpoint.web.vo.Range;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.junit.MockitoJUnitRunner;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

/**
 * @author Taejin Koo
 */
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class DeadlockCheckerTest {

    private static final String APPLICATION_NAME = "local_service";

    private static final String AGENT_ID_1 = "local_tomcat_1";
    private static final String AGENT_ID_2 = "local_tomcat_2";
    private static final String AGENT_ID_3 = "local_tomcat_3";
    private static final String SERVICE_TYPE = "tomcat";

    private static final long CURRENT_TIME_MILLIS = System.currentTimeMillis();
    private static final long INTERVAL_MILLIS = 300000;
    private static final long START_TIME_MILLIS = CURRENT_TIME_MILLIS - INTERVAL_MILLIS;

    private static final long TIMESTAMP_INTERVAL = 5000L;

    @Mock
    private AgentEventDao mockAgentEventDao;

    @Mock
    private ApplicationIndexDao mockApplicationIndexDao;

    @Before
    public void before() {
        when(mockApplicationIndexDao.selectAgentIds(APPLICATION_NAME)).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(AGENT_ID_1, AGENT_ID_2, AGENT_ID_3));
    }

    private long createEventTimestamp() {
        return RandomUtils.nextLong(START_TIME_MILLIS, CURRENT_TIME_MILLIS);
    }

    @Test
    public void checkTest1() {
        Rule rule = new Rule(APPLICATION_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE, CheckerCategory.ERROR_COUNT.getName(), 50, "testGroup", false, false, false, "");
        Application application = new Application(APPLICATION_NAME, ServiceType.STAND_ALONE);

        Range range = Range.newUncheckedRange(START_TIME_MILLIS, CURRENT_TIME_MILLIS);
        when(mockAgentEventDao.getAgentEvents(AGENT_ID_1, range, Collections.emptySet())).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(createAgentEvent(AGENT_ID_1, createEventTimestamp(), AgentEventType.AGENT_CLOSED_BY_SERVER)));
        when(mockAgentEventDao.getAgentEvents(AGENT_ID_2, range, Collections.emptySet())).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(createAgentEvent(AGENT_ID_2, createEventTimestamp(), AgentEventType.AGENT_DEADLOCK_DETECTED)));
        when(mockAgentEventDao.getAgentEvents(AGENT_ID_3, range, Collections.emptySet())).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(createAgentEvent(AGENT_ID_3, createEventTimestamp(), AgentEventType.AGENT_PING)));

        AgentEventDataCollector dataCollector = new AgentEventDataCollector(DataCollectorCategory.AGENT_EVENT, application, mockAgentEventDao, mockApplicationIndexDao, CURRENT_TIME_MILLIS, INTERVAL_MILLIS);
        DeadlockChecker checker = new DeadlockChecker(dataCollector, rule);
        checker.check();
        Assert.assertTrue(checker.isDetected());

        String emailMessage = checker.getEmailMessage();
        Assert.assertTrue(StringUtils.hasLength(emailMessage));

        List<String> smsMessage = checker.getSmsMessage();
        Assert.assertTrue(smsMessage.size() == 1);
    }

    @Test
    public void checkTest2() {
        Rule rule = new Rule(APPLICATION_NAME, SERVICE_TYPE, CheckerCategory.ERROR_COUNT.getName(), 50, "testGroup", false, false, false, "");
        Application application = new Application(APPLICATION_NAME, ServiceType.STAND_ALONE);

        Range range = Range.newUncheckedRange(START_TIME_MILLIS, CURRENT_TIME_MILLIS);
        when(mockAgentEventDao.getAgentEvents(AGENT_ID_1, range, Collections.emptySet())).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(createAgentEvent(AGENT_ID_1, createEventTimestamp(), AgentEventType.AGENT_CLOSED_BY_SERVER)));
        when(mockAgentEventDao.getAgentEvents(AGENT_ID_2, range, Collections.emptySet())).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(createAgentEvent(AGENT_ID_2, createEventTimestamp(), AgentEventType.AGENT_SHUTDOWN)));
        when(mockAgentEventDao.getAgentEvents(AGENT_ID_3, range, Collections.emptySet())).thenReturn(Arrays.asList(createAgentEvent(AGENT_ID_3, createEventTimestamp(), AgentEventType.AGENT_PING)));

        AgentEventDataCollector dataCollector = new AgentEventDataCollector(DataCollectorCategory.AGENT_EVENT, application, mockAgentEventDao, mockApplicationIndexDao, CURRENT_TIME_MILLIS, INTERVAL_MILLIS);
        DeadlockChecker checker = new DeadlockChecker(dataCollector, rule);
        checker.check();
        Assert.assertFalse(checker.isDetected());

        String emailMessage = checker.getEmailMessage();
        Assert.assertTrue(StringUtils.isEmpty(emailMessage));

        List<String> smsMessage = checker.getSmsMessage();
        Assert.assertTrue(smsMessage.isEmpty());
    }

    private AgentEventBo createAgentEvent(String agentId, long eventTimestamp, AgentEventType agentEventType) {
        return new AgentEventBo(agentId, START_TIME_MILLIS, eventTimestamp, agentEventType);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Nigeria: Soludo - EU trade agreement is second slavery
Former Central Bank Chief Chukwuma Soludo. (Photo Courtesy WEF)
This Day | 19 March 2012
By Crusoe Osagie
The Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) being negotiated with African countries, including Nigeria, on sub-regional basis by the European Union (EU) will further underdevelope the continent despite the juicy promises that come with the EPA, former governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Professor Chukwuma Soludo, has warned.
In the last 10 years, the EU has been negotiating the EPAs with the Africa Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries as a fully reciprocal trade arrangement to replace the previous non-reciprocal, preferential trade access of ACP countries to EU markets under the various Lome Conventions and the Cotonou agreement.
The EU argues that the EPAs are set out to help ACP countries integrate into the world economy and share in the opportunities offered by globalisation.
Some of the carrots being dangled before ACP countries are that the EPAs are expected to be "tailor-made" to suit specific regional circumstances; open up EU markets fully and immediately; provide scope for wide-ranging trade co-operation on areas such as services and standards; and are designed to be drivers of change that will kick-start reform and help strengthen rule of law in the economic field thereby attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and helping to create a "virtuous circle" of growth.
But Soludo, in an article published in THISDAY today, has warned ACP governments to look closely at the agreements as they would further impoverish the countries.
So far, only 10 out of 47 sub-Saharan African countries have either signed or initialled the EPAs as trade ministers of the affected regions have largely rejected the agreement.
"Despite all of these, and the reported public protests in 20 countries against the raw deal, it seems all but certain to be rammed through. In private whisperings, not many Africans or policymakers are happy with the deal but there is a certain sense of helplessness," Soludo wrote.
He went on to point out the inbuilt dangers which might not be obvious to many ACP countries, especially as their advisers and negotiators are Europeans.
Soludo wrote: "Put simply, in order to continue to have access to European markets (on the terms that it had enjoyed for more than three decades) Africa is now required to eliminate tariffs on at least 80 per cent of imports from the EU; in some cases, abolish all export duties and taxes, in others, countries can retain existing export taxes but not increase them or introduce new taxes; eliminate all quantitative restrictions; and meet all kinds of other intrusive and destructive conditionalities that literally tie the hands of African governments to deploy the same kinds of instruments that all countries that have industrialised applied to build competitive national economies.
"Under the WTO, least developed countries (LDCs) are not required to further reduce their tariffs (at least they have the choice to decide whether and when to do so) but EPAs require at least 80 per cent of them eliminated. Indeed, Africa is being asked to comply with more stringent conditions than Brazil, India and China are required to meet under the WTO. Almost all the flexibilities in policy choice that Africa and other developing countries won under the WTO are lost under the EPAs. Hitherto, the EU had also (in addition to the Cotonou agreement) granted a special concession to all African LDCs - the 'Everything But Arms' (EBA) - allowing them to export duty-free to the EU. This was the EU's equivalent of the US Africa Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) and African LDCs were not expected to reciprocate. With EPA, it means that EBA is effectively dead. LDCs would have to provide reciprocal market access opening. In addition, what the EU has failed to get under the WTO or issues that developing countries have rejected under the WTO are being foisted on Africa under the EPA. For example, the so-called trade-related issues (the Singapore issues) such as investment, competition and transparency in government procurement, which are dead under WTO are being smuggled into EPA."
He referred to reports of studies on the possible effects of the EPAs on African economies, pointing out that they would be damaging.
"Africa's nascent industrial sector and agriculture (which is the mainstay of the poor) would be damaged by the new import armada and dumping thereby exacerbating unemployment and poverty. In some countries, imports of sugar, dairy, poultry, rice, vegetable oil, etc have already increased four-fold. Tariff revenues will shrink; premature and permanent opening up of service sectors including financial services leaves them open to the full hazards of the perennial global financial bubbles; and it will badly hurt intra African economic integration. Africa would almost be consigned to be specialists in the export of raw materials.
"African countries cannot use government procurement and contracts to prop up and promote domestic companies as European companies would be required to be given equal treatment in competition for government contracts. The list of the damages is long and cannot be detailed here. Some independent studies by EU admit these damages, and one such study predicts that EPA could accelerate the collapse of manufacturing in West Africa. Perhaps, that is why the EU is promising 'aid for trade' - to sooth and compensate for some of the damages," the professor of economics wrote.
He noted that since the major powers were no longer able to make use of the WTO as they wished to impose new rules on developing countries, "they are now resorting to bilateral and regional policies and agreements to try and get their way".
Soludo also drew attention to the payment of agricultural subsidy in Europe which is damaging Africa's potential to develop its own agriculture and industry.
"As at 2011, the subsidy totalled about £48 billion per year (about US$75 billion) and it is expected to stay at this level until at least 2020. Yet African countries are expected to liberalise NOW. Some analysts have opined that the huge subsidy in Europe is an implicit tariff of hundreds of per cent on agricultural imports. Alternatively, some believe such subsidy amounts to banning imports of agricultural goods and promoting dumping in other countries-especially Africa. Agriculture is the sector where Africa has comparative advantage and with the right policies and incentives, can feed Europe cheaply.
"A regime that keeps the status quo of harmful agricultural subsidy and the pittance of misguided and largely consumption-oriented aid, and hopes to 'develop' Africa is, to put it mildly, suspect. The EU refuses to put the reduction or elimination of their agricultural subsidy on the EPA agenda. A clear signal from the EU here is that whenever its own interests are affected it is unwilling to make any concession. To make EPA a development agenda, agriculture must take centre stage," he wrote.
source: This Day
EPAs EU Nigeria