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Braxton Miller heads Spandex All-Star Team at 2016 combine
Published: Feb 25, 2016 at 02:17 AM
INDIANAPOLIS -- What is Braxton Miller?
It's a lingering question this week, to be sure. And a couple years ago, after he blew out his throwing shoulder in the 2014 Orange Bowl, it was a question Miller himself couldn't quite answer.
"I never asked, but I think if you went to him before the Orange Bowl and tried to find out -- Does he see himself as an NFL quarterback? -- he might've said no," said Mickey Marotti, Ohio State's assistant AD for football sports performance. "I didn't know what that answer was. So after the injury, I asked him. And he said, 'No, I see myself as an NFL athlete.' "
Not as a quarterback. Or a tailback. Or a receiver.
As an athlete.
That, it seems, is right where we remain with the player who finished in the top 10 in Heisman voting in consecutive seasons and won back-to-back Big Ten Player of the Year awards as a quarterback, missed the entire 2014 season as his Buckeyes captured the national title, and came back in 2015 as a spread-offense Inspector Gadget.
Miller hits Central Indiana -- 187 miles due west of Columbus, Ohio -- surrounded by buzz. He's as enticing and enigmatic a physical specimen as any that will be on display at the annual meat market that is the NFL Scouting Combine.
As always, the interviews and physicals are the most important things to the deep traveling parties of the 32 NFL franchises in attendance. But people tune into this stuff for freakish athleticism, and if you want a list of guys ready to star on that platform, this 6-foot-1, 204-pound stick of football dynamite is a good one to start with. That much, to those who know him best, is certain.
Here's just some of how they describe what we'll all be getting a good look at:
» "So long as he wasn't hurt, he's never stepped foot on a field where he wasn't the best athlete or the fastest guy out there," said Buckeye receivers coach Zach Smith, who coached with Urban Meyer at Florida and has been with him at Ohio State since 2012. "I'm telling you, he's been the best athlete and the fastest player every time he's walked onto a field."
» "I had no idea a 6-foot-1, 215-pound guy could move like that," explained Houston coach Tom Herman, Miller's offensive coordinator at Ohio State from 2012 through '14. "He was the fastest player on the team, had the quickest first step, the best change of direction. It was video-game stuff."
» "I think, if he's healthy and feels great, he's gonna knock it out of the park," Marotti said, of what he expects from Miller in Indy. "I've timed him sub-4.4 [in the 40-yard dash]. You just don't know on that stage, but I'd say high 4.3s, right at 4.4 or low 4.4s. Or even faster."
Miller, in so many ways, is what the "Underwear Olympics" element of the combine is all about. And everyone expects him to announce himself emphatically as an athlete.
The rest is murkier.
His old coaches can't clear all that up for you, or the scouts. But they will point to two elements that came into play after Miller's ability to throw was taken from him in Miami on that January night two years ago.
First, there's the way he handled it.
Marotti reminded the players at one point last year that, without Miller leading the Buckeyes to a 12-0 season in 2012, the 2013 recruiting class (five of them could be first-round picks this April) might not have come together like it did, and that it did was a huge part of the 2014 title. And everyone in the room knew that, for Miller, being denied the payoff during what was supposed to be his senior year couldn't have been easy.
"This is just my opinion, not me speaking for him, but I'd imagine that was excruciating," Herman said. "And he handled it with such class and dignity, and an unbelievable sense of team. We all knew, deep down, there's no way the program would be where the program was at without him."
Second, there was how he conducted his 2015 transformation -- with that same sense of team.
After his second surgery, in August 2014, Miller approached Marotti and asked, What do you think of me playing another position? Marotti asked if Miller was serious. Miller said he was. Then Marotti asked Miller if he knew Randall Cobb's story. Miller didn't. So Marotti told him how Cobb arrived at Kentucky as a quarterback and left as a premier slot-receiver prospect, and thought Miller could pull the same sort of metamorphosis.
The following spring, one of Miller's best friends, rising junior receiver Michael Thomas, gave Smith a heads-up that Miller was thinking about it as he rehabbed, but wanted to keep it quiet. Smith advised Miller to go to Meyer. Meyer called Smith into the meeting, and Miller resolved to get to work. He, Thomas and Cardale Jones would conduct evening workouts -- sneaking in and out of the indoor facility during the quietest time of the year (June and July) -- to make sure no one caught wind of their sessions.
All of which is to say, for almost a year, Miller was able to keep it under wraps, something he wanted to do in order to avoid it being a distraction to the Bucks' bid to repeat. That larger point wasn't lost on anyone: It was strictly about finding a way to make himself, and in turn the team, better.
"There's phases to that -- he had to get the fundamentals down first," Smith said. "Quarterbacks and running backs, they work on a horizontal plane. Receivers, everything's on a vertical plane, you're doing everything with a different body lean. The way your body operates is very different. It was a huge transformation through the summer, then he had to do it in pads, then with a live defense, then with linemen. He had to learn stock blocking. And with two-a-days, we were almost there, with all the firsts."
Learning for the first time to play without the ball all the time, Miller reminded everyone what he could do when he did have it in the opener at Virginia Tech. But, as Smith recalls, "About Week 4 or Week 5, he was my best blocker. That's when I said, 'He can do anything he wants to do.' "
Athletically, to be sure, there's very little holding him back. Which we'll all see here over the next few days.
"He not only had the fastest 40, but the fastest 10-yard get-off, and he was top three in the 5-10-5 shuttle," Herman said. "[Former Buckeye and current New York Jets receiver] Devin Smith is fast, but he's not near the change-of-direction or first-step suddenness that this guy has. And to see it at 6-1, 215, where he's all ass and legs? It's pretty unique, man. Pretty unique."
The rest, of course, won't be easy.
There are plenty of reasons to doubt him. But those in Columbus -- Meyer repeatedly compared Miller's athletic package to Percy Harvin's -- think there are more reasons to believe.
"You draft him, you're gonna get the most dynamic player in the draft, who will become one of the premier wideouts at that level," Smith said. "He has the physical tools, he's already developed a great amount, and he has the mindset to be the best to ever do it."
Presumably, the stuff that happens this week won't dissuade anyone from thinking that way. But Miller's just one of a host of guys who should be in the running for the mythical Chris Johnson "King of the Combine" honors.
After talking to numerous general managers, personnel chiefs, college scouting directors and area scouts over the last week, here are the guys joining Miller on the starting 22 of my inaugural Spandex All-Star Team (listed in alphabetical order):
Joey Bosa, DE, Ohio State: The word "genetics" will be thrown around a lot in Indy. Bosa's dad, John, was the Dolphins' first-round pick in 1987. His mom's brother, Eric Kumerow, was the Dolphins' first-round pick in 1988. Fair to say, he was pretty much born to be drafted.
Ben Braunecker, TE, Harvard: Before this year, there'd been just three Crimson players ever invited to Indy. Braunecker is one of two this year -- along with offensive tackle Cole Toner-- and coach Tim Murphy called him the most athletic tight end the program has ever had. He's not the only one excited to see how his star tests.
Artie Burns, CB, Miami (Fla.): Always good to bet on the track athlete in this setting. And Burns is more than just a track athlete, having been an All-American hurdler in his time as a Hurricane.
Vernon Butler, DT, Louisiana Tech: Despite his 23.5 tackles for losses the last two years, Butler's always been considered a raw height/weight/speed guy -- which makes him perfect for the combine. He checked in at 6-foot-4 and 325 pounds at the Senior Bowl in Mobile, Alabama, and he can move that frame.
Leonard Floyd, OLB, Georgia: Floyd's name was one of the most commonly raised among scouts, and for good reason -- at a lean (listed) 6-foot-4 and 231 pounds, there are few combine drills or tests that this athlete shouldn't excel in. The bigger question will be whether he can keep on weight through a season.
Will Fuller, WR, Notre Dame: Fuller's a slighter receiver, like a Ted Ginn Jr. or DeSean Jackson. And like those two, he should be able to make up for that deficiency by flat out burning up the 40.
Vernon Hargreaves, CB, Florida: Hargreaves' height likely will keep him from being the first corner off the board, with bigger players like Eli Apple and Jalen Ramsey to compete against, but scouts believe he has the rest of the traits you want, and that should show in Indy.
Myles Jack, LB, UCLA: So Jack has said he'll be limited to the bench press, interviews and physicals. But clubs are optimistic about what they'll see, based on word of mouth, even if there's more he can't do than can do at this point of his meniscus rehab.
Cardale Jones, QB, Ohio State: Built like a house, athletic for his size and carrying a howitzer for an arm, Jones should show the football world the physical tools -- particularly throwing on Saturday -- that had so many intrigued by his potential two Januarys ago.
Deion Jones, LB, LSU: The idea of taking an undersized, one-year starter will scare some teams off, but Jones was a Butkus Award finalist in that single season, and he's expected to run like a defensive back in Indy.
Miles Killebrew, S, Southern Utah: The success of hybrid safety/linebacker types like Shaq Thompson, Mark Barron and Deone Bucannon paves the way for Killebrew, who checks in at around 230 pounds and has times in the 4.4s on campus in the books.
Darron Lee, LB, Ohio State: Meyer referred to Lee as pencil-necked when he was an afterthought in the Buckeyes' ballyhooed 2013 recruiting class. Suffice it to say, he grew quickly from prep quarterback and potential receiver prospect into super-athletic, playmaking college linebacker.
Robert Nkemdiche, DT Ole Miss: This is where we warn that scouts aren't wild about Nkemdiche -- and it goes well beyond the questions about his character. There's also a feeling that he's still far more athlete than football player. That said, he's one hell of an athlete. And that should be apparent at Lucas Oil Stadium.
Emmanuel Ogbah, DE, Oklahoma State: One area scout referred to Ogbah as a "genetic freak." Big. Fast. Scary looking. Everything you want in the first guy off the bus at the high school game. His production hasn't matched his physical ability -- and he's a bit stiff -- but there'll be plenty to like during testing.
C.J. Prosise, RB, Notre Dame: The early entrant was listed as an "athlete" coming out of high school, and bounced around different positions in South Bend, Indiana. Recruited as a safety, he was a slot receiver before switching to tailback (and rushing for 1,032 yards and 11 touchdowns) last season. What hasn't been questioned is that, for a 220-pounder, he can really move.
Jalen Ramsey, DB, Florida State: Perhaps the most unique prospect in the draft -- he could be the best corner and safety, depending on your perspective. Oh, and he was also an ACC champion as a long jumper and a part of the Seminoles' 4x100 relay. Plus, he tops 6 feet and 200 pounds. You get the picture.
Rashard Robinson, CB, LSU: Drafting Robinson will require a huge leap of faith. Thanks to a host of off-field issues, he hasn't played a full season of football since his true freshman season of 2013. That said, there's a reason why he was playing that early. We should see it from the 6-foot-3 cover man here.
LeShaun Sims, CB, Southern Utah: One personnel exec, when discussing Killebrew and Sims, raised an eyebrow about the times that Southern Utah has been passing along, skeptically calling them "juiced." That said, word was Sims will run the in the 4.3s. We'll see.
Jason Spriggs, OT, Indiana: A four-year starter, Spriggs came up more than once as an overlooked prospect who could use the combine to push clubs to take a closer look. At 6-foot-5 and 301 pounds, he might well prove to be as athletic as any offensive lineman in the draft -- outside of Laremy Tunsil.
Ronnie Stanley, OT, Notre Dame: Stanley improved in each of his four years in South Bend and isn't considered a finished product. But he should shine in Indy, thanks to his ability to move as a big man.
Laremy Tunsil, OT, Ole Miss: Sometimes the best prospect is also the most impressive athlete. This appears to be one of those cases. I asked an area scout assigned to Ole Miss what he thought Tunsil would excel at in Indy. Answer: "All of it."
Follow Albert Breer on Twitter @AlbertBreer.
NFL Championship Sunday unit ranking: Top offense? Most imposing defense? Plus, 5 draft steals to watch
Just four teams remain in the NFL playoffs. How do they stack up against each other on each side of the ball? Bucky Brooks ranks the units, 1-8. Plus, five draft steals to watch on Championship Sunday.
Achilles' ankle? How Patrick Mahomes' injury could factor into Bengals-Chiefs AFC Championship Game
How will Patrick Mahomes' ankle injury factor into Sunday's AFC championship rematch between the Chiefs and Bengals? Keegan Abdoo meticulously explains how this could significantly impact Andy Reid's offense -- and fuel Lou Anarumo's defense.
NFL Championship Sunday bold predictions: Fred Warner's game-winning pick-six lifts 49ers over PHI
Can the 49ers' defense continue its dominance against the top-seeded Eagles? Who will step up for the Bengals against the Chiefs? NFL Network analysts provide bold predictions for Championship Sunday.
Ranking NFL head coach openings: Which jobs are most enticing in 2023?
How will the next leader of the Denver Broncos plan to revitalize Russell Wilson? Judy Battista ranks the most attractive head coach openings in the NFL that remain following Frank Reich's hiring by the Panthers.
NFL playoffs: One thing each Championship Sunday team does better than the others
NFL.com analytics guru Cynthia Frelund identifies the one unique strategic advantage each team playing on Championship Sunday has over its competitors. Plus, updated Super Bowl win probabilities for all four teams.
Joe Burrow headlines 10 NFL players who have earned big-money contracts in the coming offseason
Who's about to get PAID in the coming offseason? Marc Ross identifies 10 NFL players -- five quarterbacks and five non-QBs -- who have earned fat, new contracts.
NFL Championship Sunday game picks: Eagles, Bengals advance to face off in Super Bowl LVII
Will Jalen Hurts' Eagles outlast Kyle Shanahan's 49ers to reach Super Bowl LVII? Can Joe Burrow's Bengals push past Patrick Mahomes' Chiefs on Championship Sunday for a second straight year? Gregg Rosenthal predicts the winners of the NFC and AFC title games.
RB Index, Championship Sunday: QBs headline juicy AFC title game, but running backs will decide winner
Superstar quarterbacks undoubtedly headline the AFC Championship Game between the Cincinnati Bengals and Kansas City Chiefs, but Maurice Jones-Drew explains why the running backs will actually decide who wins.
NFL's unsung heroes in 2022 season: Spotlighting 1 overlooked/surprise contributor from each AFC team
Nick Shook is recognizing one unsung hero from each team, with the selections ranging from surprise difference-makers to players who don't get the attention they deserve. D.J. Reed, Jerick McKinnon and Alex Highsmith are among the AFC players who get their due.
Tom Brady landing spots: Raiders, Dolphins, 49ers among potential fits in 2023
Might Tom Brady reunite with Josh McDaniels in Las Vegas for the 2023 NFL season? What about a partnership with Kyle Shanahan in San Francisco? Marc Sessler ponders a handful of potential fits for the G.O.A.T.
Predicting NFL Honors awards: Who will win MVP? Defensive Player of the Year? Rookies of the Year?
Now that we know the finalists for the NFL's major individual awards, who's poised to take home the hardware at NFL Honors? Eric Edholm predicts what the voting will reveal on all eight fronts, including a tight Defensive Player of the Year race headlined by Micah Parsons and Nick Bosa.
NFL's unsung heroes in 2022 season: Spotlighting 1 overlooked/surprise contributor from each NFC team
It's time to give Jayron Kearse, Frankie Luvu and Isaiah Hodgins more love! Nick Shook is recognizing one unsung hero from each team, with the selections ranging from surprise difference-makers to players who don't get the attention they deserve.


Houston-based Halliburton Co. (NYSE: HAL) has hired Williams & Williams Real Estate Auctions to sell its Oak Park Campus, a spokeswoman confirmed.
The auction is set for April 27 at 1 p.m. and will be held on-site or online at auctionnetwork.com, according to the listing on Oklahoma-based Williams & Williams' website. Inspections of the property will be available on March 23 and 30 as well as April 13 and 20.
The Oak Park Campus is at 10200 Bellaire Blvd. in southern-most portion of the Westchase District, just outside Beltway 8 and south of the Westpark Tollway. The 48-acre site includes an approximately 605,261-square-foot, three-story building with a basement level and a full-service cafeteria on the first floor, according to the Williams & Williams listing. There's also a power house, a maintenance storage shop, a fitness center and a daycare center. The property has 2,729 parking spaces in total, including 1,748 in a five-level parking garage.
Another 8 acres at the southwest corner of the property would allow for expansion, per the listing.
Halliburton originally put its Oak Park Campus up for sale in September 2016. JLL was marketing the site and touting it as a redevelopment opportunity. Although the office building was constructed in 1979, "Halliburton has made many cosmetic, mechanical and electrical upgrades since 2013," JLL said in an email at the time. JLL is also listed on the Williams & Williams auction page for the Oak Park property.
"Halliburton is selling its Oak Park facility as part of the company's ongoing cost-management efforts," a Halliburton spokeswoman said in an emailed statement in September 2016. "Employees were transferred to the company's North Belt facility off the Sam Houston Parkway."
The company's headquarters is at 3000 N. Sam Houston Parkway E., near the George Bush Intercontinental Airport. According to Halliburton's website, it has at least two other major office locations in Houston: its Technology Center and its Energy Services location, both on Milner Road.
Also in September 2016, the San Antonio Business Journal reported that another Halliburton property was pulled from auction. Williams & Williams was hired to auction off the 19-acre property at 850 Commerce St. in Alice, Texas, but there were no bidders online or on-site. Halliburton closed that facility in March 2015, cutting 60 jobs. With 19 buildings containing more than 103,000 square feet of office and industrial space, the opening bid for the auction was set at $1 million.
At the time, Halliburton officials deferred comment to Williams & Williams, whose spokeswoman Cindy Dees told the San Antonio Business Journal that the Alice property had received interest prior to the event, but the firm decided to call off the auction when nobody attended.
William & Williams successfully handled the auction of more than 30 other properties owned by Halliburton across the United States and Canada earlier in 2016. The auctioneers were then hired to sell the Alice property and 10 others owned by Halliburton in a second round of auctions.
For more, visit Houston Business Journal.


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Turner Polzin, CPA, Elected as Adams Brown Partner
Published on 21 янв. 2021
Adams Brown, Strategic Allies and CPAs, provides a wide range of traditional and specialized CPA and consulting services to clients throughout the nation, with specialized teams focusing on agriculture organizations, construction companies, manufacturers, healthcare professionals, governmental and not-for-profit organizations, and small family-held businesses. Founded in 1945, today the firm maintains numerous office locations throughout the central United States. For more information about Adams Brown, please visit www.adamsbrowncpa.com.
McPherson, KS – Adams Brown, Strategic Allies and CPAs, is excited to announce the recent election of Turner Polzin, CPA, to partner.
Turner joined the Adams Brown team full-time in 2012 after serving as an intern in 2011. With a decade of public accounting experience, he specializes in providing tax and agriculture consulting to grain and cattle farms.
"Please join us in celebrating with Turner on reaching this career milestone. This promotion showcases Turner's dedication to our clients, public accounting, and the firm," said Brian Staats, CPA, CGMA, managing partner. "We look forward to watching him continue excelling in this new role. Congratulations!"
Turner earned his Bachelor of Business Administration in Accounting and Finance in 2012 from Fort Hays State University. In addition to being a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), he's a member of the Kansas Society of CPAs (KSCPA), where he graduated from the Lead to the Future leadership program in 2020. Raised in Hoisington, Kansas, Polzin currently resides in McPherson with his wife, Anika.
Turner Polzin
Adams Brown Announces 2021 Promotions
21 янв. Members in the News
Jennifer Berning, CPA, Elected as Adams Brown Partner
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If you haven't started the consumption of Matcha Green Tea, then you are quite behind of the time. It is effective at enhancing the metabolism, reducing the level of stress and in boosting the immune system. The Buddhist monk used to drink it in order to remain attentive and tranquil during the process of meditation. It has been heard that the Japanese tea leaves are grown basically in the shade in order to escalate the chlorophyll content. The health enthusiasts are mostly concerned regarding the antioxidant properties in the tea. 1 cup of matcha green tea is equal to 10 glasses of regular tea. This article shall aim at demonstrating 8 benefits of Matcha green tea for the body builders.
Green Tea comprises of effective antioxidants named as catechins. It is also said that EGCG that is also present is green tea is strong anti-carcinogen. According to the study conducted in University of Colorado, it has been known that by consuming 1 cup of matcha green tea, you can get 137 times the quantity of antioxidant ECGC in relation to regular cup of green tea.
Owing to the consumption of the Matcha green tea, the people of Okinawa, Japan live the longest. The other attributes that might as well contribute to the longevity are healthy food habits, regular exercise and yoga. Although, Matcha green tea is quite well known in Japan but with the pace of time it is becoming well known all over the world because of its capability to fight inflammation, oxidation as well as aging related issues.
Management of green tea beverages can minimize serum total cholesterol along with LDL cholesterol concentration. It is because of the huge power of the matcha green tea to improve the body, people tend to consume it more.
Matcha green tea leaves has huge amount of easily-absorbable dietary fiber that can actually ease constipation and balance the level of sugar in the blood.
Owing to the fact that Matcha green tea is produced in shade, it has huge amount of chlorophyll. It is said that chlorophyll can detoxify the body and can cleanse the toxins, poisons, hormone disrupters entirely.
Matcha green tea comprises of huge amount of L-theanine which is basically an amino acids. It has the capability to provoke alpha wave activity inside the brain. When a person is suffering from any kind of stress, then beta wave activity is induced inside the brain that can actually worsen the state. Hence, alpha wave activity can assist in minimizing the level of stress and offer great relaxation to the mind and body thereby minimizing the level of blood pressure from the body.
Just try to have a cup of matcha green tea and you are free from any kind of headaches now. After stressful and tiresome day, all you need is a cup of matcha tea which is the best substitute of coffee.
According to the study conducted in 1999 featured in American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, it has been stated that green tea comprises of catechins which has thermogenic properties. Green tea promotes fat oxidation. In a survey, it has been noted that after having green tea, the body rate of burning calories increased from 8-10% to 35-43% of daily energy expenditure. In case you exercise immediately after having matcha green tea then you can burn 25% more of fats.


This article was originally written by Lura Jackson and published in the Calais Advertiser (www.thecalaisadvertiser.com) on March 10th, 2016. It is used with permission.
Of the many brave and distinguished soldiers who have come from Calais over the past centuries to fight in wars both domestic and abroad, there is one that has received the highest commendation possible: the Medal of Honor. Horatio Nelson Young was only eighteen when he answered the call to battle during the American Civil War.
Born in Calais on July 19th, 1845, Young was among the thousands of Maine soldiers that joined the Union cause. As the first state aligned with the new Republican platform, and with Abraham Lincoln choosing Mainer Hannibal Hamlin as his Vice President, soldier participation from the state was the highest per capita in all of the Union.
Young traveled to Boston to join the United States Navy, and was soon assigned to the USS Lehigh. The Lehigh was a 200-foot long Passaic-class ironclad monitor, floating low in the water with its deck and pilothouse emerging from just above the surface. The Lehigh was part of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron based off of Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, and summarily it engaged in frequent attacks against Fort Sumter.
On one particular morning in mid-November, the Lehigh was at rest in the harbor and all seemed relatively quiet. Unfortunately for the ship and her crew, nearby Confederates at Fort Moultrie were the first to realize that the Lehigh had actually run aground in the harbor's soft sands. Under the command of Captain Jacob Valentine, soldiers at Fort Moultrie proceeded to launch no less than 180 shots at the Lehigh, while soldiers at Battery Rutledge unleashed an additional 89 shots and 33 shells.
Unable to free itself, the Lehigh had no options but to endure the barrage of fire from the enemy artillery. Three other monitors—the USS Nahant, Montauk, and Passaic—soon responded to offer aid to the Lehigh, or at least to distract the enemy gunners. Each of the three monitors unleashed heavy fire on the opposing forts, and were soon joined in by batteries at Morris Island.
As the day progressed, concern mounted that the Lehigh would remain trapped past the point of high tide, leaving her open to be fired at for the remainder of the afternoon. Efforts to pass a rope to the Nahant by rowing a small boat between the ships were attempted multiple times. Twice they succeeded, but both times, a skilled Confederate shot the rope and broke it. Three crewmen—including Calais' Young—tried a third time to row over to the Nahant and successfully create a lasting line, all while shells rained down around them.
Even though no Confederate shot the line drawn by Young and his comrades, the rope strained, frayed, and nearly broke in the effort of moving the 1,335 ton vessel. Just before noon, the vessel was finally freed.
"[Young's] courageous action while under severe enemy fire enabled the Lehigh to be freed from her helpless position," the presidential commendation for the Medal of Honor reads.
To make a contribution, send a check with "Young Memorial" in the memo line to: St. Croix Historical Society, P.O. Box 242, Calais, ME 04619, or visit stcroixhistorical.com/?page_id=400 and click "Donate".


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Feature: 'Ditch the Scorecard'; Tuesday "Walking in Brunswick" launch; colourful cycling history; cats, Covid, churches, weeds, Olympians and more
Brunswick Residents Network Newsletter,
Walking report launch: Tuesday evening
Bandt bites into Brunswick
Cat curfew for Brunswick?
Covid help
Planning and property
Feature article: Ditch the scorecard
Open space, parks and greenery
Sports news: Brunswick Olympians
History corner: Austral Avenue
Moreland Council stuff
Contacts for our local councillors
Walking in Brunswick:
How to make walking in Brunswick safer and more enjoyable
This year, Brunswick Residents Network has worked with other community groups to conduct a major survey of local residents about walking in Brunswick. We'll be launching our report by Zoom tomorrow (5 October) and hope you can join us.
Date and Time: Tuesday 5 October, 2021, 7.30–8.30 PM
RSVP: Please click here to let us know you are coming (important as we need to pay to have over 100):
brunswickresidentsnetwork@gmail.com
Facebook Event to share: https://fb.me/e/XgQqaZIl
Zoom direct link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/89540063300?pwd=R3ROMHR3Sjk1Uk1rR0lDeEQ5bGl5UT09
(OR) Zoom by Meeting ID –
Passcode: Strolling
Special guest speaker: Rhydian Cowley, Australian walker at 2021 Tokyo Olympics
MC: Dan Ziffer
Key findings from the report: highlights of our findings, presented by Nancy Atkin and the survey team
Comment: Victoria Walks
A massive 922 Brunswick residents took the survey. They told us how much they walk (more than we expected); and, in great detail, what would make walking safer and more enjoyable. This big sample has given an insight into why, when and where people of all ages walk in Brunswick – and when and where they don't walk. With lots of colourful quotes bringing the statistics alive, we think the report has important insights. It's a great read! We'll be using it to inform and we hope to shape Council and State Government priorities.
The report will be available at the time of the launch on Tuesday evening: at http://brunswickresidents.wordpress.com and linked from our Facebook page (Brunswick Residents Network)
The Federal electorate of Melbourne – currently held by Greens leader Adam Bandt MP – will take a bite out of Brunswick East, as the Electoral Boundaries Commission (EBC) finalises redistribution of federal constituency boundaries.
3,189 people living in Brunswick East – south of Glenlyon Road and east of Lygon Street – will now vote in the seat of Melbourne for the 2022 Federal elections (see map linked below). This electoral redivision moves them out of the seat of Wills (currently held by the ALP's Peter Khalil MP).
The changes come because Wills has increasing number of residents and is estimated to rise from the current tally of 108,904 voters to 116,877 by January 2025. Given that polling booths in Brunswick East have recently favoured the Greens, this shift may benefit both the ALP and Greens (with a number of East Brunswickians likely to reinforce Adam Bandt's dominant position in Melbourne).
Map of Wills redistribution
For some months, the cat population of Brunswick have suffered the indignity of having their peace and quiet disrupted by a bunch of people who claim they have the right to work from home. Now, in a further blow to feline rights, Moreland Council is likely to introduce a cat curfew next year, in a bid to keep the 6,656 registered cats in the municipality off the streets at night.
The proposed night-time curfew is contained within Moreland's draft domestic animal management plan for the next four years, which was adopted by councillors earlier this month and is now open for public comment. Many residents are surprised to hear that there is not already a curfew, whilst others – taking the part of native wildlife – argue that cats should never be allowed out alone.
Have your say on the curfew proposal at Conversations Moreland before 8 October
Cat curfew on its way to Brunswick? Brunswick Voice, 28 September 2021
Lost your job during the pandemic?
Many people around our municipality, young and old, have lost work or jobs during the pandemic. If you're having trouble finding work or need information about retraining, Jobs Victoria Advocates are working with Moreland Council to assist people during these difficult times.
If you need help to put together a resume or job application, to find training or education courses or just connect to local services, you can call Jobs Victoria on 9240 2275 or email jobsadvocates@moreland.vic.gov.au
COVID testing in Brunswick
If you need a free COVID test, you can drive, ride or walk into the convenient testing site run by 4Cyte Pathology, which operates in Brunswick East between 8am- 5pm.
The test site is located in an old factory at 20C Leinster Grove (turn into Leinster off Glenlyon Road, and follow your nose to the carpark at the end). Don't forget your Medicare card and smartphone, which you'll need to fill in a short questionnaire before the test.
If you, your family or neighbours need information about COVID-19 in languages other than English, you can download the latest factsheets from the State government coronavirus website, or from SBS, which has information sheets in 60 languages.
State government coronavirus website
SBS - Coronavirus (COVID-19) information in your language
Putting the church to good use
If you drive along Sydney Road, you can't miss the classical splendour of the former Wesleyan Church at 340-350 Sydney Road, just north of Savers.
Over many years, the old Church and Sunday School have been used for a variety of purposes, and in recent times have hosted the Brunswick Community School. With the School moving to another site in Glenlyon Road at the end of 2022, however, the long-term future of the church is unclear.
A number of people want to continue to use the site as a community asset, and have established 'The Friends of the Former Wesleyan Church and Model Sunday School Brunswick' as an incorporated association, "to help preserve, protect, and promote these remarkable pieces of social and architectural history."
The association wants to encourage renewed public purposes for the buildings that also preserve their architectural integrity. Lots of possibilities (community resource centre, theatre, music school or just an urban oasis), but they're eager to get your ideas.
You can contact Friends of the Former Wesleyan Church by email: formerweslyanchurch@gmail.com
Check out photos of the church, and send in your feedback at Friends of the Former Wesleyan Church
Transforming Ballarat Street
If you walk across Sydney Road from Tiba's Lebanese restaurant, you'll find Ballarat Street, Brunswick. This narrow street runs from Sydney Road to the Upfield rail line, just north of Sparta Place. Now three industrial sites in this small street are scheduled to be transformed into massive, multi-storey "build to rent" apartment towers.
At number 4 Ballarat Street, developers Assemble sold out the first release of Rent-to-Buy apartments in May 2021, with construction expected to begin later this year. Assemble's model allows people to move in and rent the apartment for five years, while saving to buy it.
At number 8, a concrete monolith to be known as "Brunswick Yard" is proposed by Carr Architecture, who are aiming for a 141-apartment, eight-storey complex.
Now international real estate firm Hines is planning to build a 250-apartment build-to-rent complex at number 10 Ballarat Street, after spending $16.5 million on the 4,242 square metre industrial site. Hines is a US-based corporation that manages $160 billion worth of real estate across 27 countries. The Ballarat Street site was sold to Hines by Goal Property, which paid nearly $12 million for the location in 2017, and had already obtained a permit for an eight storey tower with 163 dwellings.
In a few years' time, Tiba's are going to be selling a lot more falafel!
Assemble – 4 Ballarat Street
Carr Architecture – 8 Ballarat Street
Hines Closes on Land to Develop First Build-to-Rent / Multifamily Asset in Melbourne
Cypriot Club goes to VCAT
Local residents are fundraising to hire expert witnesses for a hearing at the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) over a multi-storey project proposal in Lygon Street.
The Cypriot Club in Lygon Street, Brunswick initially applied to Moreland Council for a ten storey development at 495-511 Lygon Street, which was then revised down to seven storeys. At Moreland Council's Planning and Related Matters meeting, local residents mobilised to call for amendments to the plan and Council approved a planning application for five storeys. Now the developer is appealing this decision at VCAT, trying to get more storeys.
The "Save Lygon Street North" legal campaign has launched a GoFundMe campaign – if you can contribute, please support their initiative to improve planning outcomes at the northern end of Lygon Street and Albion Street. For further information, email: help@savelygonstnorth.org
Save Lygon Street North
https://www.gofundme.com/f/savelygonstnorth
Feature article:
Ditch the scorecard
For the past two years, Moreland Council has been trialling a "Design Excellence Scorecard", giving Council staff the authority to fast track certain planning applications that meet design criteria, by cutting our elected councillors out of decision making.
At their next monthly meeting on Wednesday 13 October, Moreland councillors are due to consider whether to make the Scorecard a permanent part of the Moreland Planning Scheme. Alongside many other local groups, Brunswick Residents Network believes that councillors should not continue with the Scorecard as a mechanism to determine planning applications.
We urge all residents to contact their elected representative before the next Moreland Council meeting: tell them they should not integrate the Scorecard into the Moreland Planning Scheme and should abandon the current trial. Here's why….
Staff at Moreland Council decide the vast majority of planning applications under delegation. Many residents are frustrated that this has crept up over the years to more than 95% of all permit applications, as successive councillors have delegated more and more decision-making powers to staff.
But under Moreland's Guidelines for the Exercise of Delegation for Planning Applications 2019, various exemptions apply that mean the Council (not staff) must make the decision. These guidelines give elected councillors back their right to decide on major and controversial development proposals. For instance, the guidelines state if at "least two councillors so request" or "ten or more objections are received", an application must be voted on by Council. Crucially, however, applications through the Scorecard are exempt from giving councillors their right to decide.
Delegates and officers usually make their assessment of applications against the objectives of the Moreland Planning Scheme (MPS). As the scheme is void of any mandated 'desirable' features such as quality materials, environmental sustainability, affordability, or accessible housing, developers can use the Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal (VCAT) to appeal against decisions on those things.
The Scorecard first came before Moreland Council in 2017 as the "Fast Track program", with the objective of fast tracking development projects of "architectural and environmental" merit. Free kicks to developers included multiple meetings with council staff and guaranteed permit decision by officers (not at a public council meeting). Benchmark areas are: building design and materials, sustainability, accessibility and community benefit.
The fast-track development program was again brought before Council in early 2018 as the "Quality Design Scorecard" and finally adopted as the "Design Excellence Scorecard", which was approved at the Council meeting in February 2019. It has been under trial since then.
Community opposition
From the beginning, a majority of councillors have ignored community concerns over this fast-tracking of planning applications.
On 18 September, BRN co-sponsored an online meeting with Fawkner Residents Association and the North East Brunswick Responsible Development Group, to examine the use of the Scorecard so far, and discuss why it should be rejected as a planning mechanism.
More than 55 people joined the meeting and heard a keynote address from Steven Rowley, an urban planner who is a leading expert on the Victorian planning scheme (indeed, he literally wrote the book 'The Victorian Planning System, Practice, Problems and Prospects' to discuss the transformation of our urban environment in Melbourne). Other speakers included Joanna Stanley from BRN and community members Tim Glanville from Brunswick North and Salvatore Carta from Coburg.
You can watch their presentations online, which highlight a number of problems with the Scorecard that disadvantage community members from having a say about the development of our suburbs:
Community Scorecard meeting – Zoom recording of speakers
Problems with the Scorecard
With the Scorecard, Moreland Council is offering a rapid processing system – by cutting councillors out of the decision-making loop – supposedly to gain these other benefits that are not in the planning scheme.
But this relies on firm guarantees of certainty to developers: if they meet the criteria of the Scorecard, planning staff must guarantee that the application will not be called in for decision by councillors. Our elected representatives must surrender their decision-making power.
As Stephen Rowley noted in his presentation: "Planning powers are democratically vested powers…. It is, in my view, a fundamental starting principle that it is inappropriate for councillors to be surrendering their democratically vested powers to planning officials, no matter how well they might go about that task."
In this way, the Scorecard is a fundamental overreach by Moreland Council. By trading away the democratic powers of councillors, it overrides the checks and balances built into the planning scheme. It is a fundamental principle that affected residents should have a say in their transformation of their community – Moreland must involve both professionals and community in making decisions about the transformation of our lived environment.
BRN is concerned that when the community and councillors are excluded from planning decisions, there is usually a "trade-off' of design features (such as height) that are important to objectors. We think the Scorecard lacks fundamental criteria that are important, such as amenity impacts on neighbouring properties or preferred heights that are included in the Brunswick Structure Plan. Many standards like "amenity" are subjective and open to interpretation, so councillors are abdicating their responsibility to represent diverse community views when they hand over authority to staff.
Another problem is that an individual Scorecard building may have some design merit in its own right, but will set a precedents that developers will use in VCAT appeals. We often see officer and delegate reports approve buildings that do not numerically meet design clauses in the scheme. These include heights, setbacks, balcony size and internal amenity (room size and functional layout). Staff justify the design failures on other traded-off features such as rooftop gardens or green walled lightwells.
In her presentation to the recent webinar, Jo Stanley says that a recent Scorecard delegate report includes a justification for apartments with tiny balconies and living rooms narrower than 3 metres: "These are greenwashed hotel-rooms, being passed-off as apartments in Brunswick."
Consultation theatre
The Scorecard operates behind closed doors at pre-application meetings between the developer and council staff – but then there's no way back from that, because Councillors do not get a say. Scorecard compliance must be certified by planning staff before there is any public notification about the project, locking the Council into a fixed position before any possible objectors can have a say.
If residents, councillors and the developer later attend a Planning and Information Discussion on a project, it is meaningless because councillors cannot call the project in for decision – their presence is a sham. Moreland already has a poor reputation for "consultation theatre", where staff go through the motions of seeking community opinion. This process will only further anger residents concerned about controversial projects!
During the webinar, Salvatore Carta outlined the horrific experience of residents at Linda Street and White Street, Coburg, where a developer switched a planning permit application from the normal process into the Scorecard mechanism during the current trial. Even Council staff now acknowledge this was a stuff-up, admitting "A learning from this case is that the permit applicant did not seek to redesign the proposal and meet the Scorecard until faced with significant community objection…it would be preferable that these improvements are achieved by meeting the Scorecard at the outset, together with earlier consultation with surrounding residents."
While Scorecard projects have been under close scrutiny during the current trial, there is a danger that the process will be a "tick and flick" exercise in the future. Over-burdened or inexperienced planners may not have the time or inclination to look carefully at all aspects of a project that affect community amenity or neighbourhood character.
The whole point of this exercise is to get benefits from developers that are not legally required in the planning scheme. But can Moreland Council guarantee these benefits if developers later appeal to VCAT to override them? This might not even be the original developer who struck a deal – a common problem is when a new landholder comes on board who doesn't want to honour the original permit commitments.
As a planning mechanism, Moreland Council's Design Excellence Scorecard is fundamentally ill-conceived. It should be abandoned NOW by Moreland councillors.
Weed management trial in Brunswick
In a program to develop non-toxic weed control systems, Moreland Council is running a trial to use non-glyphosate weedicides and other weed management strategies (including heat treatment and manual weeding) in a large area of Brunswick.
The program, comparing the trial area in Brunswick West with two neighbouring control areas, will run for two years until June 2023. The intention is to evaluate the effectiveness of alternative methods of weed control using metrics including worker hours, equipment hours, material costs and community feedback.
For maps of the test areas, trial details and to make comments on the plan before 31 October, go to the Conversations Moreland page:
Weed Management Trial
Gardening together
Many people have had extra time at home during lockdown and rediscovered the benefits of gardening for health and well-being.
Merri Health runs a gardening group that promotes "horticulture therapy" and they'd like you to get involved. On Wednesday 20 October, Grace Webster from Merri Community Health will run an online Zoom to "connect and garden together." To get the zoom link, register through the contacts below.
What: Zoom call on gardening and togetherness
When: Wednesday 20 October, 11:30 AM.
Register: Moreland.Vic.gov.au/libraries
Further information: 9353 4000 or email libraryevents@moreland.vic.gov.au
Land use in Northern Metro
The State Government has prepared a draft Northern Metro Land Use Framework Plan to help shape the future priorities for the region. Starting in Darebin and Moreland and heading north into Hume, Mitchell, Moreland, Nillumbik and Whittlesea, the Northern Metro region extends from the inner suburbs of Brunswick, Coburg, Preston, Northcote, Heidelberg and Ivanhoe to some of the city's newest communities in Sunbury, Craigieburn, Mernda and Wallan.
The Victorian Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning (DELWP) is using the Framework Plan to outline land use in the north over a 30-year period. The draft looks at diverse issues such as: population and industry growth; service and infrastructure development; environmental resilience; housing, integrated transport and liveability.
You can complete a short online survey to comment on the plan, or community groups can submit more detailed submissions before 24 October.
Short video explaining the Northern Metro Land Use Framework Plan (1.30 min)
Download the plan and have your say
Congratulations to former Brunswick high school student Isis Holt, who returns home from Japan with two Paralympics silver medals.
The 20-year-old – a graduate of Brunswick Secondary College in 2019 – lives with cerebral palsy. Competing against her arch rival Xia Zhou of China, Holt set personal bests for both the T35 100m and 200m track events, winning silver in each race. Next stop, Paris 2024.
Three former members of the Brunswick Cycling Club, Catalina Soto, Luke Plapp and Sarah Gigante also competed at the Tokyo games.
And that's not to forget far-north-Brunswick (Fawkner) resident Rhydian Cowley who came 8th, with a personal best time, in the 50km (yes, kilometres) walking race in Tokyo. Rhydian is guest speaker at tomorrow's Walking in Brunswick launch (see top story).
Lightning Holt strikes in Tokyo, Brunswick Voice, 31 August 2021
Brunswick trio chase Olympic glory in Tokyo, Brunswick Voice, 12 June 2021
Bikes, betting and builders
At 3pm on 5 October 1907, a grand sale was held to auction off lots on Austral Avenue – a small Brunswick thoroughfare that still runs south off Albion Street, parallel to Sydney Road.
The Argus newspaper of 21 September 1907 included an advertisement from contractor John Carey, announcing the auction of fifty building lots, "with frontages to Albion and Sutherland Streets and Austral Avenue, BRUNSWICK, (Close to the Sydney-road Terminus)." The lots to be sold on 5 October had "frontages from 35ft. to 46ft each, all with good depths. The streets are formed, channelised, and metalled. Terms £10 deposit, balance quarterly up to 12 months, interest 5 per cent. per annum."
Carey made a tidy sum on the sale, and went on to purchase land for other properties in Brunswick and Preston. But where did Austral Avenue get its name?
It comes from the Austral Wheel Race – the oldest track bicycle race in the world, which began in 1887 (the Austral is still being held today, managed by Cycling Victoria).
Around the turn of last century, the Austral was surrounded by allegations of corruption and race fixing. In 1901, there were a lot of questions about the victory of American rider, 'Plugger' Bill Martin, who competed in cycle races in every Australian colony between 1895 and 1901, reputedly winning 249 races.
As a top cyclist, Martin had a bad habit of beating up critics of his performances. According to the Australian Dictionary of Biography: "In 1896, Martin had been suspended for two months after an assault on another cyclist in Adelaide. In Sydney next year, he responded to abuse from a spectator by jumping off his bicycle, pursuing the man through the crowd and beating him. He again ran into trouble during the 1897 Adelaide carnival … where he administered a thrashing to a member of the committee that had banned him the previous year. For this he was sentenced to fourteen days gaol."
Australian Dictionary of Biography: Martin, William Walker (Bill) (1860–1942)
At age 41, Martin famously won the December 1901 Austral Wheel Race, a two-mile handicap, but the event was marred by allegations of race fixing. Enormous sums were wagered on the event, and there were rumours of bribery and intimidation by notorious inner-city businessman come gangster John Wren.
In 1907, the Lone Hand magazine, citing Martin's trainer from 1901, reported that Wren and Martin had ensured fellow competitors were encouraged to throw the race: "Bribes were laid out in piles of notes and sovereigns upon Martin's bed at the Albion Hotel, Melbourne. One by one the cyclists were admitted to the bedroom, and Martin, who had a loaded revolver beside him, addressed each successive visitor by name in a loud voice, and stated the terms of their contract."
Of his nineteen opponents in the Austral, the Lone Hand alleged that all but two or three ran dead. 'Plugger' later acknowledged that Wren had backed him to win £7000.
The incident became one element of the 1951 criminal libel case launched by Wren's son against Frank Hardy, the communist author of the great Melbourne novel "Power Without Glory." Defending his mother's honour, Wren Junior alleged that the book's depiction of the rise and fall of 'John West' was a thinly disguised portrait of his father (Hardy was later acquitted by the jury).
In "Power Without Glory", John West wagers £60,000 on the 1901 Austral, backing 'Plugger Pete Manson'. West tells one of his cronies: "Do you think I'd have spent 1,000 quid, and laid odds to nothing to officials, if I thought he could win with a field of triers? … We won't strike trouble anyway. I gave a donation of £500 to the club last week. I got most of the officials fixed."
The suggestion that Austral Wheel Race officials could be bribed was based on another scandal around the 1902 race, which had a massive prize of more than 1,000 gold sovereigns. The Age newspaper reported that "one of the judges appointed to officiate at the Austral Wheel meeting was called upon to resign, because he had a monetary interest in the result of the Austral Wheel Race."
Mr. G.S. Geddes had wagered on the rider D.J. Walker, even though he was a judge for the event! According to The Age of 17 January 1903, "because of his long connection with the club, Mister Geddes was treated leniently in being asked to resign, instead of being subjected to the ignominy of being removed from office."
And so to John Carey, builder, contractor and man about town. In 1906, Carey won a significant sum betting on the Austral Wheel Race, which was won by Harry Thomas, despite his 20 yard handicap. Now, we wouldn't want to suggest that there was any skulduggery in his betting coup, but Carey earned enough money to buy and sell a swag of land along the Brunswick thoroughfare he named Austral Avenue!
Regular Council meetings – held on the 2nd Wednesday of each month – are normally held at: Council Chamber, Moreland Civic Centre, 90 Bell Street, Coburg.
Dates advertised for the rest of 2021 are:
13 October (online)
15 November – Mayoral Election
Meeting details are available on the Council website.
Council meetings can be watched online, either live, or later – you can find details here along with the agenda for the next Council meeting when it's posted on the Friday before the monthly meeting. You can register there to receive an alert when the agenda is posted.
Please note our email address: brunswickresidentsnetwork@gmail.com. And write to tell us what you think of the newsletter. We love feedback.
If you are able to offer some time to volunteer to help organise our campaigns, and support our work, please get in contact. Our work includes organising meetings, leafleting and letter boxing, graphic design and publicity, and research; on planning, greening Brunswick and traffic management.
Contact us on: brunswickresidentsnetwork@gmail.com
[Wondering why this email comes to you from nfip@optusnet.com.au? Our Mailchimp email service doesn't like a gmail sender's address, so we use a member's address. Add this address your contacts so our emails don't get filed as spam, but don't write to it)
Mark Riley (Deputy Mayor)
Mobile: 0499 807044
Email: mriley@moreland.vic.gov.au
Lambros Tapinos
Email: ltapinos@moreland.vic.gov.au
James Conlan
Email: JConlan@moreland.vic.gov.au
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Inasal NYC
Are you ready for some honest-to-goodness Bacolod flavor, New York?
A few Saturdays ago, we spent an evening playing the role of *extremely lucky* guinea pigs for our friends Brandon and Nina Vargas' chicken inasal taste test. Inasal is a style of grilling chicken that stems from the city of Bacolod. It lends chicken a very particular and delicious flavor: smoky, slightly sweet, and with a bit of a tang. I ate copious amounts of chicken inasal back in college, trekking regularly to a spot just across Ateneo in Katipunan for a constant fix. It's a dish I've missed sorely since then as there's a conspicuous lack of inasal spots here in New York.
Well, I'm happy to report that this will soon change. Bacolod native Brandon has perfected his inasal recipe and will be bringing Inasal NYC to New Yorkers at the Philippine Independence Day parade fair on June 2. We got a sneak peek of delicious things to come at their home, where we feasted on paa (chicken leg and thigh) paired with steaming garlic rice copiously drizzled with chicken oil. Yes, I said chicken oil—all the drippings from the grill ladled right back onto the garlic rice to dizzyingly yummy effect! They also gave us a taste of their a special Bacolod atchara, which blew our minds before we even got to the chicken. It's a simple yet highly addictive pickled mixture of string beans, chickpeas and onion. Paired with juicy chicken inasal, it had us breaking diets and eating well into midnight. There was also grilled liempo (pork belly), but what really got me excited were the grilled offal: baticolon (chicken gizzard) and isol (chicken butt), which I gobbled up in no time. Rumors are these offal goodies will be available on June 2, and I can't wait to chow down on more!
If you would like to get your inasal fix, come to the Philippine Independence Day parade on June 2. Inasal NYC's booth will be on Madison Avenue between 25th and 26th Streets. To keep tabs on Inasal NYC, like their Facebook page here.
Manhattan Cocktail Classic: Filipino Fiesta
I celebrated my birthday this year in the most wonderful way: with lots of cocktails and Filipino food at the Bowery Hotel Rooftop surrounded by some of my dearest New York friends. This year's Manhattan Cocktail Classic included a Filipino Fiesta among its slew of events over the five-day festival dedicated to libations. The Filipino Fiesta highlighted our country's many flavors in a way that's modern yet still faithful to the cuisine.
The cocktails were designed by Enzo Lim, Maharlika and Jeepney's master mixologist, and each one was inventive and delightful. My favorite was the Ayala Ave—a mixture of Haliya mango wine and elderflower cordial with muddled lime, mint and ampalaya. Non-Filipinos are probably unfamiliar with ampalaya, which is called bitter gourd in English. As the name indicates, it is extremely bitter in flavor but is believed to deliver numerous health benefits. It is to the Filipino child what brussels sprouts are to Western kids: an instrument of dinnertime terror. Now that I'm older though, I love ampalaya as much as I do brussel sprouts—and I quite enjoyed the slight bitterness it imparted to what would have otherwise been a very sweet drink. On a hot New York evening, the Ayala Ave was like a refreshing breeze. Other yummy cocktails on the menu: a Mango Gimlet with gin, mango syrup, lime juice and bitters, topped with coconut flakes; and a Kalamansi Collins with vodka, lemon juice, kalamansi juice, smoked salt and dried hibiscus.
A ticket to the Fiesta came with unlimited drinks and food tickets for each of the food stands manned by some of the city's Filipino restaurants and caterers. I used two tickets for a double serving of Jeepney's Pinoy spaghetti, the quintessential birthday party food. The sweet bolognese with red hot dog slivers tasted just like my childhood. Jeepney elevated their version with some toasted queso de bola and crumbled longganiza, and I loved every bite! Kuma Inn/Umi Nom's booth was extremely popular as chef King Phojanakong pulled out all stops with a lechon (roast pig). The succulent piece of pork with a slice of perfectly crisp skin paired with garlic rice and pickled vegetables was so indulgent and satisfying. Zengo's kilawin was another favorite of mine. Kilawin is a Filipino-style ceviche, and it was the perfect little shot of tangy seafood and mango bits on that humid day. Other plates served were Ugly Kitchen's lumpiang sariwa (spring roll), Payag's chicken inasal (Bacolod-style grilled chicken), and D'Original Lapaz Batchoy's Ilonggo style noodle soup with pork liver, scallion and chicharron bits.
The event was sponsored by the Philippine Department of Tourism, and it was a really wonderful way of showcasing our country and all it has to offer. It's been so heartwarming to see how Filipino cuisine has come into the mainstream here in New York as of late, and I am so proud of all the wonderful work New York's Filipino restaurateurs and the Philippine Department of Tourism have been doing to bring our food to a wider audience (Mitch Dy, you are a rock star!). Congratulations to the wonderful people behind this event, and thank you for giving me everything a Pinay could want on her special day!
One of the most surprising parts of New York is oft-overlooked Long Island City. It's just a quick subway ride on the 7 train from Grand Central, but it's a trip many Manhattanites never seem to take. But as LIC comes up with more and more to offer, all this will perhaps soon change. Right now, LIC already offers one of the city's coolest one-two punches: a fantastic meal at M. Wells Dinette followed by a walk through vibrant 5 Pointz (you should actually tour MoMa PS1, of course, for the TKO, if you're able to get your act together earlier in the day than I am).
A couple of years ago, I had the good fortune of glutting myself at the original M. Wells with my friend Brandon, who was a cook there. It was an artery-clogging, heart-wrenchingly fantastic meal, so when M. Wells' doors were shuttered, I felt the immense loss to the city's hedonists, who had to relearn how to exist in a world without foie gras grilled cheese sandwiches and bone marrow escargot (insert #firstworldproblems here). But last year, M. Wells finally opened an outpost at MoMa PS1, and while the aforementioned dishes haven't been reinstated on the menu, they have come up with enough goodies to keep their clientele happy in the meantime. On that particular Friday afternoon, we lunched at M. Wells Dinette's cafeteria-styled digs and yes, they took us to school. We feasted on a tasty rabbit terrine bound with pork belly and dotted with figs; a comforting braised poulet with in-season asparagus, spring onions and young potatoes; and a heart-warming chocolate souffle sprinkled with caramel brittle—and every bite was an A+.
After a satisfying meal and a few libations, we were ready for a good stroll—and 5 Pointz had an approximately 200,000 square foot factory for us to walk around and explore. It had been over a year since my last visit, and it was cool to see what new things have popped up on those walls. There are a number of new pieces but these were my favorites: a Dali painting by Zimer, and an intricately detailed piece declaring Fressen & Gefressen Werden—eat and be eaten.
Towards the end of our walk, we came across this piece by Pablo Mustafa, which made me giggle at the irony, considering the day's activities:
The PS1 tag is supposedly a vandal's work on Pablo Mustafa's piece but there are rumors to the contrary swirling about. Whether there is some animosity between 5 Pointz's artists and MoMa PS1, I am not privy to, but as long as they co-exist, I will keep coming by for an LIC fling whenever possible.
New York in Full Bloom
Every spring, there are a few magical weeks when New York is in full bloom. The most mundane tasks, from walking to the subway to taking a coffee break outside, take on a dreamlike quality, with delicate canopies of pink and white blossoms hovering overhead, curving over streets and lining pathways. Whenever this time of the year comes around, I make an effort to spend more time outdoors, knowing how fleeting it all is.
The highlight of the season is the full blossoming of Brooklyn Botanic Garden's Cherry Esplanade. It's an event that I always look forward to—but not without a feeling of wistfulness. Not too long after the cherry blossom trees turn into fluffy clouds of rosy blooms, the petals begin to fall, leaving only a carpet of pink flowers. With that, that magical season ends, ushering in the dog days of summer. But for one afternoon last weekend, we took some time to sit underneath those canopies of cherry blossoms, taking it all in.
As the cherry blossom season comes to an end, I find myself wishing, as I do every year, that it could last forever. But as with everything else in life, we just have to accept that nature will take its course. We have to let go of some things in order to make room for everything else that life has in store.
Lucky Rice Grand Feast
In a fantastic opening salvo to a weekend of gluttony, I ate, I drank—but mostly, I got lucky. Thanks to my friend Mitch, I ended up with a highly coveted ticket to the Lucky Rice Grand Feast: a hedonistic spread with Asian-inflected food from over 20 high profile restaurants, as well as an array of beer, wine, sake and cocktail selections—all to be savored 36 storeys above Central Park from the Mandarin Oriental ballroom.
Lucky Rice is a festival that brings Asian flavors to a global, food-savvy audience. Now on its 4th year in New York, Lucky Rice has spread to Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami and San Francisco, as well. This year's New York festival featured 11 culinary events over seven days, including a Filipino Feast at the James Beard House sponsored by the Philippine Department of Tourism, and featuring chef Lea Cohen of Pig & Khao and chef King Phojanakong of Umi Nom and Kuma Inn.
With a Culinary Council of heavy-hitters including chefs José Andrés, David Chang, Eric Ripert and Anthony Bourdain, Lucky Rice doesn't fall short of star power. At the event on Friday, chefs Masaharu Morimoto and Susur Lee were milling about the crowd, while Top Chef Season 3 winner Hung Huynh served up spicy chicken tacos for The General.
With a ticket to Lucky Rice's Grand Feast comes unlimited access to every bite and every sip that you can fit into your stomach—or at least, until supplies run out (I was stuffed to the gills long before that happened). There were a lot of inventive and yummy bites, although for some the "Asian influence" may have been a stretch. Public whipped up one of my favorites: pig's blood popsicles with tomato chili jam and toasted peanuts. I also enjoyed Ngam's Thai pomelo papaya salad, authentically prepared using a mortar and pestle. I loved how Miss Korea came in full Korean costumes to serve up clay pot galbi strips wrapped in shiso and topped with a strawberry sliver. Steamed buns have become so ubiquitous in the food scene that I almost skipped the stands that had them—but I didn't, and ended up enjoying some cool twists on the Asian hipster staple: Morimoto's were filled with eel and foie gras terrine, while Sakamai loaded theirs with roasted duck, lardo Iberico DeBellota and foie gras mayonnaise. Kittichai's lovely hot and sour broth laden with Manila clams and flavored with turmeric and dill was a perfect counterpoint after all the rich bites (and, to me at least, worth struggling with prying clams off the shell while grappling with a glass of rosé). To cap it all off, Spot Dessert Bar served up the cutest little matcha azuki: green tea mousse with red bean filling and a tiny scoop of green tea ice cream.
The stand we returned to the most, however, did not serve food but one delicious libation: D'ussé VSOP Cognac's Yoshino Blossom Fizz, made with D'ussé VSOP Cognac, St. Germain liquor, lemon juice, lychee juice, grapefruit bitters, soda and egg white, and topped with a beautiful orchid blossom. Despite the fact that there were multiple tables giving away sake, wine, champagne, and gin cocktails, we came back to this table time and again, patiently waiting as the bartender continuously shook up magic.
Eat, drink, get lucky—Lucky Rice's mantra that pretty much spelled out our Friday night. Thanks, Mitch, for one heck of an epic girl's night out!
Red, Yellow and Blue
There is something magical going on in Madison Square Park—1.4 million feet of magic, to be specific. New York artist Orly Genger has wrapped three large lawns with 50 tons of vividly painted, hand-crocheted lobster fishing rope, turning the park into a surreal and whimsical wonderland.
I found the art and its juxtapositions fascinating: manmade against nature; the intricate made into something monumental; a traditional craft employed to create the avant-garde. It was a delight to see the art's interaction with the space. Red became a fanciful frame to the tableau of a cherry blossom tree at the peak of its bloom, its petals just starting to fall and carpet the grass underfoot. When I came upon Blue, a fluffy squirrel was perched on one of its cobalt walls, seemingly contemplating the handmade knots as intently as I was. Yellow, meanwhile, drew in people who found its undulating golden waves to be the perfect perch for a photograph.
Genger's monumental sculptures will grace Madison Square Park until September 8, 2013 but I highly recommend visiting now, while the weather is perfect and the park is simply bursting with the most beautiful spring blooms. For more information on this exhibition, as well as Madison Square Park's art initiatives, click here. To see more lovely pictures of the exhibit, including some cool panoramic shots, like The Happily Ever After Project on Facebook!


text:
Nevolnictví je označení vztahu závislosti mezi rolníkem (nevolníkem) a majitelem půdy (pán) v předmoderní Evropě. Rolník byl nájemcem půdy a byl tak právně vázán k jejímu majiteli. Vztah zahrnoval také fyzickou závislost rolníka a jeho povinnost respektovat pánovu vůli. Z pohledu raně novověkého práva byla hlavním rozlišovacím kritériem pro odlišení svobodného a nevolného obyvatelstva nemožnost volné změny místa pobytu. Nevolnictví se projevovalo zejména povinností robotovat, odvádět poddanské dávky odvozené od osobní závislosti na vrchnosti (někde jen v symbolické formě), na omezování či zpoplatnění sňatků a vystěhovalectví mimo hranice panství, nebo na nucenou čelední službu sirotků.

Název
Termín nevolnictví odpovídá zhruba německému slovu Leibeigenschaft, které výrazně akcentuje tělesnou povahu závislosti, podobně jako dobový český termín člověčenství. Vzájemný vztah termínů Leibeigenschaft a člověčenství byl předmětem odborných debat už v 17. století. V angličtině je nejblíže označení serfdom, ve francouzštině servage, v ruštině крепостничество. V latině byl nevolník označován jako homo proprius (de corpore).

Vznik nevolnictví
Nevolnictví bylo typickým právním stavem existujícím téměř v celé středověké Evropě (kromě Baskicka, Finska, Norska a Švédska) a má kořeny již v době pozdní Římské říše. Ve 2. století po Kr. se část původních římských otroků přeměnila v kolóny (colonus – vlastně "osadník, sedlák"). Kolóni byli formálně svobodní potomci otroků, kteří se stali v podstatě rolníky na pánově půdě a k pánovi je stále vázala půda a potřeba ochrany před stále četnějšími barbarskými útoky a výběrčími daní. Za vlády Konstantina I. Velikého došlo k významné změně ve vztahu mezi kolónem a pánem. Kolón byl vázán k pánovi přísahou, která měla pánovi zaručit, že kolón zůstane na jeho půdě. Tím došlo k fyzickému svázání kolóna k pánovi a k půdě. Kromě toho byl kolón nucen platit pánovi peněžní rentu za užití půdy (ourok). Následně se začalo objevovat nové slovo servi (de facto nevolníci) kteří se stali nejvýznamnější feudální vrstvou středověké Evropy po rozpadu Západořímské říše mezi 6. až 12. stoletím, resp. 14. stoletím. Výjimkou byla Skandinávie, kde nevolnictví nikdy nebylo zavedeno a zůstal zachován stav svobodných sedláků.

Zánik nevolnictví v západní Evropě
Ve 14. století se sociální a ekonomické podmínky především v západní Evropě významně změnily. Epidemie moru (černá smrt) ve 14. století způsobila demografickou krizi, díky které začala být instituce nevolnictví na ústupu. Ve Francii, Anglii, Flandrech a v západních oblastech Říše (Německé země a Itálie) došlo k rozvolnění vztahu mezi rolníkem-nevolníkem a pánem, takže tradiční nevolnictví bylo nahrazeno peněžní rentou a rolník získal některé osobní svobody (například nebyl fyzicky vázán k půdě). V raném novověku se nevolnictví udrželo pouze v některých francouzských oblastech. Tento proces doprovázela během 14. století řada rolnických povstání (např. jacquerie ve Francii v letech 1356–1358 a nebo anglické povstání Wata Tylera v roce 1381).

Nevolnictví ve střední a východní Evropě
V oblastech střední a především východní Evropy ve 14. století k podobné kvalitativní změně však nedošlo. V části střední Evropy (přibližně Čechy a Morava, západní oblasti Polska a Uher) došlo díky kolonizaci ve 13. a 14. století sice ke vzniku řady komunit svobodných rolníků, ale samotné nevolnictví ve 14. a 15. století nevymizelo. Jednou z příčin byl relativně menší dopad velké morové epidemie ve srovnání se západní částí kontinentu a dále relativně silná pozice hlavních držitelů půdy (šlechty a církve). Ve východní Evropě měla k udržení nevolnictví přispět mimo jiné stále se zvyšující poptávka po místním obilí na západě Evropy. Pro oblasti střední a středovýchodní Evropy se v historické vědě od zhruba šedesátých let 20. století diskutuje otázka druhého nevolnictví a krize 17. století. Podle této koncepce bylo možné během 15. a 16. století sledovat také ve střední Evropě ústup nevolnictví, který byl ale přerušen krizí spojenou s třicetiletou válkou. Demografická krize zde naopak vedla k nové vlně nevolnictví tentokrát v podmínkách centralizované, absolutistické monarchie a počínajícího kapitalismu. Západní hranicí území, kde se v raném novověku nevolnictví uplatňovalo, je zhruba linie Labe – Krušné hory – Šumava, která odpovídala také hranici dvou vrchnostenských hospodářských systémů – režijního a rentovního velkostatku. Nevolnictví je užíváno jako obecný termín pro široké území, na kterém nepřesně sugeruje podobnost poddansko-vrchnostenských vztahů, které měly lokálně výrazně odlišnou povahu. Na ústupu se ve středoevropském kontextu nevolnictví ocitalo z ekonomických a sociálních příčin od 18. století, kdy byla předmětem právnických debat samotná definice pojmu. Polemiky byly vedeny o správnosti označování nevolníků římskoprávními termíny coloni nebo servi, v českém prostředí byla zpochybňována samotná existence nevolnictví.

V 16. století nevolník robotoval v průměru 12 až 20 dnů do roka, ale o sto let později, v době mnoha technologických a civilizačních pokroků, dřel na panském už 100 i více dnů. Míra nucené práce dál přibývala, nicméně životní úroveň sedláků klesala. Jestliže sedlák platil před třicetiletou válkou v průměru asi 5 zlatých státních berně ročně, pak bezprostředně po válce odevzdával už 8 zlatých, v roce 1658 deset zlatých, v roce 1675 dvacet zlatých, v roce 1684 pětadvacet zlatých, v roce 1701 čtyřicet zlatých a v roce 1705, kdy probíhala válka o španělské dědictví, už 50 zlatých na berní dani. Sedláci byli nuceni odevzdávat až 70% výnosu svého hospodářství. Díky inflaci, tehdy ještě zcela neznámému jevu, byla kupní síla v 17. století pětkrát až šestkrát menší než ve století třináctém. To zapříčinilo, že rytířský stav ve státní správě a v armádě téměř vymizel. V období válek poklesl stav obyvatelstva a feudální páni, většinou z řád německých přistěhovalců, potřebovali velký počet pracovní síly na těžkou robotní práci, té se často nedostávalo a proto přiměli nevolníky robotovat ve velkém.

Pracovalo se od rozbřesku do soumraku, v průměru asi 12 hodin denně, a to s dvouhodinovou polední přestávkou. V letních měsících se na panském pracovalo až 16 hodin denně. Podle robotního patentu z roku 1738 měl "robotíř při rukovní práci něco dýl než hovado vytrvati." Cesta na pracoviště s výjimkou velmi vzdálených míst se do robotního času nezapočítávala. K hlavním robotním povinnostem patřily veškeré polní práce kromě žatvy, ta bývala obvykle placená, na rozdíl od orby, vláčení, výsevu, okopávání, sklizně a sušení sena. Nevolníci se běžně podíleli na údržbářských a renovačních pracích na statku, při opravě cest, mostů, hospodářských budov apod. Velmi žádanou a potřebnou služnou byla robota s potahy, zajišťujícími místní i dálkovou přepravu nákladů. Jak však dosvědčují některé staré robotní výkazy, intenzita a efektivita práce na panském byla mnohdy až neuvěřitelně směšně nízká.

V českém prostředí byly projevy nevolnictví postupně odbourávány během druhé poloviny 18. století. Patent Josefa II. o zrušení nevolnictví (1781) se týkal především omezení svobody pohybu, samotná instituce poddanství zanikla až v roce 1848. V Rusku se nevolnictví udrželo nejdéle a bylo zrušeno až v roce 1861 carem Alexandrem II. Někteří odborníci ovšem upozorňují, že zákony vydané při kolektivizaci v Sovětském svazu připoutávaly lidi k půdě natolik, že de facto nevolnictví za vlády Stalina obnovovaly.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 PIRENNE, Henri. An Economic and Social History of Medieval Europe. Taylor & Francis 2006.

 Eduard MAUR: Český komorní velkostatek v 17. století : Příspěvek k otázce "druhého nevolnictví" v českých zemích. Univerzita Karlova Praha 1976.
 Miroslav HROCH – Josef PETRÁŇ: 17. století - krize feudální společnosti?. Svoboda Praha 1976.
 Jan KLUSSMANN (Hgs.): Leibeigenschaft : bäuerliche Unfreiheit in der frühen Neuzeit. Böhlau Köln 2003..
 Hans-Werner Goetz: Leibeigenschaft. In: Lexikon des Mittelalters, Bd. 5 (1989) Sp. 1845–1848.

Související články
 Kolón
 Poddanství
 Feudalismus
 Druhé nevolnictví
 Robota
 Patent o zrušení nevolnictví

Externí odkazy

Právní vztahy
Feudalismus
Povinná práce

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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As a Paris-obsessed gal, I just have to write about the City of Light's most enchantingly irresistible salons de thés. There is something about sitting in one of these rooms, staring at the trompe l'oeil on the wall and chandeliers on the ceiling; sipping a cup of coffee, tea, or hot chocolate; nibbling on tea sandwiches and those dainty French viennoiserie; and pondering the meaning of life in the most romantic city in the world. So, here are my personal favourites, handpicked for their sumptuous elegance and tantalizing menus!
What to order: Plateau Prestige ( pour deux personnes - for two) - silver trays cascading with lobster, Dublin Bay prawns, pink shrimps, crab, clams, queen scallops, and an assortment of oysters: Fines de Claires, d'Isigny Taillepied, Gillardeau, and Belons de Bretagne. Yum!
The X-factor: Picasso, Churchill, Maupassant, and the Bonapartistes ate here.
What's worthwhile: The Pompadour Room, where Madame de Pompadour (Louis XV's mistress) allegedly held court while her home was under construction.
Recommended plat by my fashionista friend, Gigi Lao-Jamias: Salade Richelieu - fresh organic salmon, baby spinach, spinach tagliatelle, mint, niora paprika, olive oil, and lemon juice (photo below).
Recommended desserts by moi: Saint-Honoré Rose-Framboise, Eclair Chocolat, Millefeuille Praliné, Divin, and of course, those luscious macarons.
The X-factor: Sophia Coppola turned to their pastel creations for her movie, Marie Antoinette; although, historically, Ladurée wasn't around during the dauphine's head-rolling time.
What to remember: The long queues are worth it! Breakfast is the best time to nab a table.


text:
Henryk Grynberg (* 4. Juli 1936 in Warschau) ist ein in den USA lebender polnischer Prosaschriftsteller, Lyriker, Dramatiker und Essayist. Er gilt als eine der bedeutendsten Stimmen der jüdisch-polnischen Gegenwartsliteratur.

Leben

Eine Kindheit in den Jahren der Schoa in Polen
Henryk Grynberg verbrachte seine Kindheit in dem Dorf Radoszyna im Osten Masowiens. Als die deutschen Besatzer im Sommer 1942 die Beschlüsse der Wannseekonferenz hinsichtlich der "Endlösung der Judenfrage" mit mörderischer Konsequenz umsetzten – mit Massendeportationen in die Vernichtungslager –, floh ein Teil der Familie Henryk Grynbergs in die Wälder, um sich dort zu verstecken. Die Großeltern väterlicherseits wurden nach Treblinka deportiert und ermordet. Grynbergs jüngeren Bruder "Buciek" gab die Mutter zu einer Bauernfamilie, da sie die Hoffnung hatte, dass er dort sicherer sei. "Bucieks" Identität wurde verraten, der eineinhalbjährige Junge wurde an die Deutschen ausgeliefert und ermordet. Den Winter 1942/1943 verbrachte die Familie zunächst bei einem polnischen Bauern, der bereit war, sie aufzunehmen, später in einem Versteck auf dem Gut in Radoszyna, wo Grynbergs Vater die Meierei geführt hatte. Im Frühjahr 1943 gelang es dem Vater, "arische Papiere" für Henryk und die Mutter zu beschaffen; er selbst wollte vorerst in der Gegend bleiben, die ihm vertraut war, und versuchen, Unterschlupf bei Bauern zu finden, die er kannte. Henryk und seine Mutter konnten – mit falscher Identität – in Warschau bei einer Familie unterkommen, doch wurde die Lage nach dem Aufstand im Warschauer Ghetto immer gefährlicher, das Risiko immer schwerer kalkulierbar. Schließlich nahm die Mutter das Angebot an, in einem weit entfernten Dorf im Osten des besetzten Landes für Kost und Logis illegalen Unterricht zu erteilen (die deutschen Besatzer hatten für die polnische Bevölkerung lediglich Volksschulbildung vorgesehen). In diesem Dorf erlebten der neunjährige Henryk und seine Mutter die Ankunft der Roten Armee im Spätsommer 1944.

Henryk Grynberg und seine Mutter waren die einzigen Überlebenden der Familie. Die Angehörigen, die sich im Wald versteckt hatten, waren von Partisanen getötet worden. Den Vater, Abram Grynberg, hatte im Frühjahr 1944 ein polnischer Bauer erschlagen (vgl. hierzu vor allem den 1992 entstandenen Dokumentarfilm Miejsce urodzenia ("Geburtsort") von Paweł Łoziński sowie Grynbergs Essay Die Verpflichtung, der von der Entstehung dieses Films erzählt).

Im Herbst 1944 gingen Mutter und Sohn zunächst nach Dobre, in den Heimatort der Mutter; später zogen sie nach Łódź, das in der Zeit unmittelbar nach Kriegsende zu einem Anziehungspunkt für jüdische Überlebende wurde.

Studium, Jiddisches Theater, Exil
Von 1954 bis 1958 studierte Grynberg Journalistik an der Warschauer Universität, eine seiner Kommilitoninnen war Hanna Krall. Von 1958 bis 1967 war er Schauspieler am Staatlichen Jiddischen Theater Ida Kamińskas (Państwowy Teatr Żydowski). Als nach dem Junikrieg (Sechstagekrieg) 1967 der schwelende Antisemitismus in der Volksrepublik Polen als politisches Instrument zur Unterdrückung der Opposition immer offener zu Tage trat, beschloss Henryk Grynberg, das Land zu verlassen. Eine Gelegenheit bot sich, als das Jiddische Theater im Oktober 1967 zu Gastauftritten nach New York eingeladen wurde. Von dieser Tournee kehrte er nicht mehr in die Volksrepublik zurück. Zunächst lebte er in Los Angeles, wo seine Mutter und sein Stiefvater sich nach einem ebenso langen wie beschwerlichen Emigrationsweg (Tel Aviv, Buffalo) niedergelassen hatten. 1971 schloss er sein Studium der russischen Literatur an der Universität von Los Angeles ab. Als er ein Angebot erhielt, in der Redaktion der polnischen Zeitschrift Ameryka zu arbeiten, zog er nach McLean bei Washington (D.C.), wo er auch heute noch lebt. Von der Arbeit bei Ameryka wechselte er zu Voice of America, wo er bis 1991 tätig war.

Das literarische Werk
Henryk Grynberg debütierte literarisch 1959 in der Zeitschrift Współczesność. Sein Lebensthema ist die Erfahrung des Todesurteils, das über ihn und seine Familie verhängt wurde. Die Auseinandersetzung damit findet jedoch nicht – was in literarischen Zeugnissen über die Schoa häufiger anzutreffen ist – 1945 ihren Abschluss, sondern wird über das Kriegsende hinaus fortgeführt. Wesentlich für Grynbergs Schaffen ist die Fortsetzung der Lebenserzählung in den Jahren nach dem Krieg: Er beschreibt die Erfahrung der überlebenden polnischen Juden, die – in einer Gesellschaft, die angeblich frei sei vom Übel des Antisemitismus, der als Krankheit des Kapitalismus gebrandmarkt wurde – bald schon erneute Stigmatisierung erfahren mussten, seine eigenen Erfahrungen mit der Zensur, die seine Texte genau dort beschnitt, wo sie von seinem "Lebensthema" sprachen – und schließlich die Erfahrung des erneuten Heimatverlustes infolge der antisemitischen Kampagne, die 1967 begann und mit den "Märzereignissen" von 1968 ihren Höhepunkt fand.

Das Werk Henryk Grynbergs steht im Kontext einer breiten Auseinandersetzung, die die gesamte polnische – und insbesondere die jüdisch-polnische – Literatur durchzieht: "Polen war das Epizentrum der Ermordung der europäischen Juden - auf polnischem Boden befanden sich die Vernichtungslager, und die polnischen Juden hatten die meisten Opfer zu beklagen. Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Massenmord an den Juden ist deshalb seit den 1940er Jahren ein Grundanliegen der polnischen Literatur."

Zu Grynbergs wichtigsten Texten gehören die 1965 in der Volksrepublik Polen publizierte Erzählung Der jüdische Krieg, die von der Flucht vor der Deportation handelt, von der Zeit in dem Erdversteck im Wald, von der Zeit in Warschau und den Monaten in dem ostpolnischen Dorf, sowie die zeitlich unmittelbar daran anschließende Erzählung Der Sieg, die bereits in den USA entstand und 1969 im Pariser Exilverlag Kultura publiziert wurde, dem wichtigsten literarischen Zentrum der polnischen Emigration. (Die beiden Erzählungen erschienen 2001 bei Wydawnictwo Czarne in einem Band.)

Bis 1987 konnten Grynbergs Werke ausschließlich in Exilverlagen erscheinen (Paris, London, Berlin). Seit der Wende erleben seine Bücher in Polen zahlreiche Neuauflagen  und werden vermehrt zum Gegenstand literaturwissenschaftlicher Studien. Die neuerliche Rezeption des Werkes von Henryk Grynberg spiegelt den Prozess einer "Erinnerung nach dem Vergessen".

"Das Werk Henryk Grynbergs läßt sich als symbolisches Wiedergewinnen von Gedenken bezeichnen. Gedenken ist das Geheimnis der Erlösung – dieser Satz des Baal Schem Tow dient einer der Erzählungen als Motto. Grynberg hält Geschichten von Juden fest, die der Massenvernichtung zum Opfer fielen, und von Geretteten, über die ganze Welt Zerstreuten." "Polnisch-jüdische Überlebende des Holocaust wie Henryk Grynberg schreiben autobiographische Prosa an der Grenze von Realität und Fiktion, um das Unvorstellbare ins Vorstellbare zu rücken."

In seinen Essays setzt sich Henryk Grynberg u. a. mit den historischen Ursachen des Antisemitismus auseinander, mit den Folgen einer manipulativen Gedächtnispolitik, die den Holocaust verfälscht sowie mit den komplexen Fragen der Identität im Spannungsfeld der jüdisch-polnischen Problematik. Zwei große Essays sind insbesondere der polnischsprachigen Literatur des Holocaust gewidmet, die Grynberg innerhalb der europäischen Literatur als wichtigste "Augenzeugin" ansieht.

Einzelne Gedichte Grynbergs erschienen in Anthologien:
 Polnische Lyrik der Gegenwart
 Lyrisches Quintett. Fünf Themen der polnischen Dichtung
 Henryk Grynberg – ein vom Polnischen Institut Leipzig herausgegebenes Porträt
In der Anthologie Träume sind frei. Polnisches Lesebuch erschien die Erzählung Der Freiwillige. Ein Ausschnitt aus dem Essay Obsesyjny temat erschien – unter dem Titel Das Thema meiner Obsession – in der Anthologie Polen im Exil.

Grynberg, der sich selbst als Chronisten des Schicksals der polnischen Juden betrachtet, veröffentlichte über 20 Bücher in polnischer Sprache. Er gilt "als einer von mehr als einem Dutzend erstrangiger Dichter und Romanciers jüdischer Herkunft, die einen wichtigen Einfluss auf die zeitgenössische polnische Literatur ausüben".

Henryk Grynberg ist Mitglied des polnischen Schriftstellerverbandes SPP.

Im April 2000 war Henryk Grynberg zusammen mit Wilhelm Dichter Gast im Literarischen Colloquium Berlin. Diesen Aufenthalt beschrieb er in seinem Essay Am schönen blauen Wannsee, der durchdrungen ist von dem Bewusstsein, dass sein Auftritt als Schriftsteller am Wannsee nicht zu trennen ist von den Beschlüssen der Wannseekonferenz vom 20. Januar 1942. Der Wannsee wird in diesem Essay zur Chiffre des Grauens, zum Kürzel für den Massenmord, und nicht der Galerie der Schriftstellergäste im LCB widmet Grynberg seine Aufmerksamkeit, sondern den Fotos und Biographien der "Akteure", die damals das Todesurteil sprachen über ihn und seine Familie.

Werke in deutscher Übersetzung
Der jüdische Krieg, Erzählung, edition suhrkamp, 588, Frankfurt am Main 1972, aus dem Polnischen von Vera Cerny .
Kalifornisches Kaddisch, Verlag Neue Kritik, Frankfurt am Main 1993, aus dem Polnischen von Hubert Schumann ISBN 3-8015-0257-0.
Kinder Zions. Dokumentarische Erzählung, Reclam, Leipzig 1995, aus dem Polnischen von Roswitha Matwin-Buschmann. ISBN 3-379-01524-5.
Drohobycz, Drohobycz: Zwölf Lebensbilder, Zsolnay, Wien 2000, aus dem Polnischen und mit einem Nachwort von Martin Pollack. ISBN 3-552-04979-7.
Unkünstlerische Wahrheit. Ausgewählte Essays. Herausgegeben von Liliana Ruth Feierstein, Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2014, aus dem Polnischen und mit einem Nachwort von Lothar Quinkenstein, durchgesehen von Katarzyna Śliwińska (= Jüdische Spuren. Band 6). ISBN 978-3-95565-050-6.
Der Sieg. Drei Erzählungen. Herausgegeben von Liliana Ruth Feierstein, Hentrich & Hentrich, Berlin 2016, aus dem Polnischen von Vera Cerny und Lothar Quinkenstein (= Jüdische Spuren. Band 8). (Der Band enthält die Erzählungen Der jüdische Krieg, Der Sieg und Vaterland.)
Flüchtlinge. Aus dem Polnischen von Lothar Quinkenstein. Mit einem Interview mit dem Verfasser. Arco Verlag, Wuppertal 2018, ISBN 978-3-938375-91-4.

Preise
 Preis der Kościelscy-Stiftung
 Tadeusz-Borowski-Stipendium
 Auszeichnung des polnischen Senders von Radio "Freies Europa" für das Buch "Der jüdische Krieg"
 Preis der Zeitschrift "Wiadomości" für das beste Buch des Jahres 1975 ("Das ideologische Leben")
 Preis der Alfred-Juryikowski-Stiftung 1990

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Slawist
Literatur (Polnisch)
Lyrik
Drama
Essay
Roman, Epik
Literatur (20. Jahrhundert)
Literatur (21. Jahrhundert)
Emigrant
Überlebender des Holocaust
Pole
Geboren 1936
Mann


Welcome to the goals and strategies of NDSU Libraries' Strategic Plan for fiscal years 2019 through 2023. This plan was developed with extensive input from various NDSU Libraries, NDSU campus and surrounding community members. That process, along with previous strategic plans can be found on the Strategic Planning Page.
We will be using it as our guide for future growth and expansion and feel strongly that it will improve the difference NDSU Libraries makes in the lives of all those involved.


We are pleased to be able to celebrate Midwifery Today's 30-year anniversary with our readers for the Spring 2016 issue. To celebrate midwifery, we chose thirteen of our favorite articles from thirteen of our most loyal and devoted writers and reprinted them in this anniversary edition. You will be able to read from the best of the best, including Ina May Gaskin, Penny Simkin, Michel Odent, Robin Lim, Sister MorningStar, Gail Tully, Elizabeth Davis and others, as we continue to provide you with only the best and evidence-based information surrounding childbirth. This issue also features some great new articles, including one about institutional biases in birth research—a must read! As an additional way to celebrate our readers and writers, we are pleased to announce that this issue will have our first ever color cover. Here's to 30 more years!
Cover photo by Natasha Hance (birthunscripted.com). Natasha is a mother of five who has a deep passion for birth photography. She photographs births in the Dallas/Ft. Worth area of Texas as NHance Photography and Birth Unscripted. She also teaches birth photography workshops with Birth Stories .
Pictured: Roman was born in a beautiful waterbirth at a birth center with midwives. His big sister's birth became a popular YouTube video, "Birth of Sloane." This video has been viewed almost 7 million times and has inspired many women to consider midwifery care and waterbirth.
We've also all heard expressions of exhaustion and relief from the mother and seen a temporary lack of interest in her baby. The exclamations might sound more like these: "It's over! I can't believe it's over!" "Can I just lie here for a minute?" "I can't hold the baby right now. You take it." "Please just leave me alone right now." "I'm so glad it's over." "We're never doing this again!" Sometimes it takes a while before the mother can turn her attention from the intensity of the birth to her baby.
The fourth stage of labor, the time after the baby has been born (second stage) and after the placenta is safely delivered (third stage) has been defined medically as one to two hours postpartum. Culturally, I define it as the first 42 days following childbirth. I believe the fourth stage never really ends, as a postpartum woman is forever transformed by the significant rite of passage of childbirth.
Midwifery Today's graphic designer shares her thoughts on the importance of birth photography to the normalization of gentle birth around the world.
A female doctor with a shaven head and beautiful eyes stood between Lily's legs, studying the monitor. We all heard the slow thudding. In an even tone, a Mary Poppins-like midwife said, "Get peds." A pediatrician and a gaggle of pediatric residents entered the room as if they'd been standing at the door waiting for an invitation. The doctor picked up the vacuum and quietly announced that the time had come to use extra force. "The baby is so close," she told us as she readied her equipment.
A thought-provoking article about the biases found in birth research.
This past year, two labors I attended benefited (meaning we avoided a cesarean each time) from a technique shared over a hundred years ago by Dr. Walcher. The first of these mothers labored for her third homebirth after four previous cesareans. She'd had a hard time getting her first baby into her pelvis (lying in bed) and was given a c-section at 3 cm and then she had three more cesareans in following years. Umm hmm. So, I was honored to help at her first homebirth, her fifth child. He also took a long time to engage. Beginning posterior, a variety of positions eventually got him through. Her second homebirth occurred after a long latent phase but before her midwife arrived.


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