Reconstructive surgery of the facial nerve is not daily routine for most head and neck surgeons. The published experience on strategies to ensure optimal functional results for the patients are based on small case series with a large variety of surgical techniques. On this background it is worthwhile to develop a standardized approach for diagnosis and treatment of patients asking for facial rehabilitation.
A standardized approach is feasible: Patients with chronic facial palsy first need an exact classification of the palsy's aetiology. A step-by-step clinical examination, if necessary MRI imaging and electromyographic examination allow a classification of the palsy's aetiology as well as the determination of the severity of the palsy and the functional deficits. Considering the patient's desire, age and life expectancy, an individual surgical concept is applicable using three main approaches: a) early extratemporal reconstruction, b) early reconstruction of proximal lesions if extratemporal reconstruction is not possible, c) late reconstruction or in cases of congenital palsy. Twelve to 24 months after the last step of surgical reconstruction a standardized evaluation of the therapeutic results is recommended to evaluate the necessity for adjuvant surgical procedures or other adjuvant procedures, e.g. botulinum toxin application. Up to now controlled trials on the value of physiotherapy and other adjuvant measures are missing to give recommendation for optimal application of adjuvant therapies.
Although peripheral facial palsy is the most common pathology of the cranial nerves with an incidence ranging from 20 to 30 cases per 100.000 people per year, only a minority of the patients need a surgical treatment. During the acute phase of the palsy the indication for surgery is less dependent on the aetiology, but more on the individual chance of spontaneous and good functional recovery. In the chronic phase, surgery may be indicated in patients without or with unsatisfactory recovery, and in patients with defective healing. The appointed causes are viral infections such as reactivation of latent herpesvirus infection, trauma, iatrogenic injury, inflammatory affections of the middle ear, metabolic diseases and tumours affecting the facial nerve.
With 60% to 75% the major cause for facial palsy is idiopathic paralysis or Bell's palsy. 70% to 90% of patient with Bell's palsy recover completely, depending of an early start of steroid medication . In contrast, in Ramsay-Hunt-Syndrome caused by reactivation of herpes zoster, the probability of complete recovery drops to 50%. Patient and treating physician should be aware, that many patients will need conservative and/or surgical treatment later on for defective healing.
Cholesteatoma of the middle ear and schwannomas of the facial or the vestibular nerve are less common causes of facial palsy, either by direct affection or iatrogenically during ear, parotid or skull base surgery. Here, as well as in trauma cases, mainly caused by temporal bone fractures or facial injuries due to traffic accidents or capital crimes, immediate or early surgical reconstruction might be indicated . Indication for surgery is depending on the severity of the nerve lesion, i.e. blunt trauma leading to non-degenerative neuropraxia will not need surgical reconstruction, whereas disruption leading to degenerative neurotmesis will need surgery. Finally, any tumour in the course of the facial nerve from the brainstem to the periphery can cause facial palsy or surgical treatment of the tumour might be the reason for facial palsy. In such circumstances, typically surgery of the primary disease is combined with surgical reconstruction of the facial nerve .
The term facial palsy summarizes incomplete loss (paresis) as well as complete loss (paralysis) of facial nerve function. The distinction is very important as the indication for surgical reconstruction in patients with incomplete facial palsy has to be proven much more critically. On the other hand, reconstruction in case of a complete functional deficit is more complex. Permanent facial palsy and non-transient functional deficits are the main indication for surgical reconstruction of facial nerve function.
Depending on the localisation of the lesion site, peripheral facial nerve lesion is separated from central facial nerve lesion: in peripheral palsy the facial nerve fibres or the motoneurons in the brainstem nucleus are damaged. In contrast, the lesion site in central palsy is located central to the nucleus (supranuclear lesion) in the course of the corticonuclear tract. The head and neck surgeon is mostly confronted with patients with peripheral nerve lesion. But sometimes the exact localisation of the lesion might be unclear, for instance in patients after brainstem astrocytoma surgery. The type of palsy must be clarified in front of reconstruction surgery as any kind of direct facial nerve reconstruction is not effective in patients with central palsy.
From the functional point of view two different situations have to be distinguished: First, patients without any sign of facial nerve regeneration due to complete hindrance of re-sprouting of the axons proximal to the lesion site are candidates. Second, patients who have developed spontaneous axonal sprouting but a functionally hindering defective healing not compensated by central brain plasticity are also candidates for surgical rehabilitation. Defective healing without spontaneous regeneration is impossible. The most important clinical signs of facial nerve defective healing are: a) dyskinesia, i.e. abnormal mimic movements during voluntary action, b) synkinesia, i.e. involuntary synchronous mimic movements while the patient is performing another voluntary movement, and c) autoparalytic syndrome as a special form of synkinesia characterized by synkinetic activity of antagonistic muscles. Synchronous antagonistic movements are detectable using electromyography but the clinical result is a decreased or unseeable muscle activity of the intended mimic movement. Dyskinesia and synkinesia can lead to d) hyperkinesia, i.e. abnormal and much stronger mimic movement than physiologically used.
An exact classification of the individual facial palsy due to the above mentioned criteria is mandatory prior to surgical decision making. In addition, the mimic musculature itself, the cerebral cortex and the other cranial nerves have to be examined for pathologies. Westin and Zuker have developed a simple and clear classification . We recommend classifying each patient to our modified version of this classification directly leading to the optimal reconstruction strategy for the individual situation (Table 1).
Mostly nerve plasty not possible; cortical deficits hinder additional mimic and physical training.
Trauma: Exact localisation of lesion site mandatory. Acute nerve reconstruction only superior to conservative treatment in case of complete palsy.
Tumour: Prognosis quoad vitam must be considered: prefer fast rehabilitation techniques.
Intracranial: Reconstruction strategy without co-adaptation of the proximal facial nerve stump often the better choice.
Infectious: Causal therapy in front, wait for reconstruction surgery after complete healing and look on remaining deficits.
Neuromuscular: Domain of conservative neurologic treatment.
Intention of surgical reconstruction is to restore the function of the mimic musculature as optimal as possible. Under ideal circumstances this would be restoration of the resting tone of all mimic muscles and restoration of frontal frowning with lifting of the eye brow, closure of the eye, a symmetric nasolabial fold and the ability to smile nearly symmetrically. In patients with acute palsy a standardized clinical examination including analysis of voluntary movements (frowning, eye closure, nose wrinkling, showing the teeth, dropping of the angle of the mouth, pursing the lips) amended by electromyographic (EMG) evaluation is able to detect, which peripheral nerve branches and target muscles are affected or if the complete peripheral nerve is paralysed.
EMG plays a central role in the evaluation of the patient (Figure 1). Muscular damage leads to alterations of the insertion potentials during needle EMG. EMG allows a prognosis on the probability of spontaneous healing . In congenital palsy or in chronic palsy EMG allows an assessment, if musculature (still) is existing and to what degree and in which regions of the face spontaneous regeneration with defective healing took place. In lesions proximal to the stylomastoid foramen disturbance of the lacrimal function and taste, or hyperacusis can be observed. In patients with regeneration and defective healing the clinical examination together with EMG allow the physician to evaluate the severity of dyskinesia, synkinesia, and autoparalytic syndrome .
Eletromyographic (EMG) analysis of a child with left side facial palsy after brainstem surgery. Proof of complete loss of voluntary activity in left frontalis muscle (l) in comparison the healthy right side (r).
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is preferred method of choice in order to localize a lesion of the facial nerve in the brainstem, the cerebellopontine angle and in the intratemporal course of the nerve . MRI is much more accurate than classical topodiagnostic methods like Schirmer's test, stapedial reflex test, and taste function testing . MRI also helps to evaluate the vitality of the mimic musculature in cases with long-term denervation. Muscle atrophy and fibrosis leads to an asymmetry of muscle volume in relation to the healthy side visible in MRI . Such detailed analysis accounting for the patient's wishes and the life-expectancy of a comorbid patient should lead in an individual concept for the surgical rehabilitation of each patient.
Basis for the selection of the rehabilitation technique of choice are the lesion site and the duration of palsy. Using these two parameters all surgical rehabilitation techniques can be divided in three categories (Table 2): a) early extratemporal reconstruction, b) early reconstruction in case of proximal lesion or impossibility of direct extratemporal reconstruction, and c) delayed or late reconstruction or congenital facial palsy.
Early reconstruction means reconstruction within the first two months after lesion. In such a situation any nerve reconstruction will result in best possible functional recovery. Late reconstruction includes any repair 12 to 18 months after onset of the palsy. At this long denervation time irreversible atrophy and fibrosis has arisen if no regeneration occurred. Alternatively, if spontaneous but functionally insufficient regeneration emerged, defective healing has reached its final stage. Patients in-between these categories, i.e. a denervation time more than two months but less than twelve months, are difficult to categorize and must be considered individually after complete diagnostic examination.
In patients with traumatic facial nerve lesion (most frequently intratemporally by temporal bone fracture or extratemporally due to acts of violence) or after malignant tumour resection (for instance in case of parotid cancer) primary facial nerve suture should be performed as fast as possible. In tumour patients it should be done directly in the same session with tumour resection to get the best results . On the other hand, a good preoperative assessment is extremely important especially in polytrauma cases. In such cases, assessment is often limited to imaging techniques, and judgement of severity of the nerve lesion due to inspection or exploration. Eventually, the recovery of consciousness or the therapy of life-threatening injuries has to be awaited.
In the first two months after trauma the nerve stumps can normally be dissected without hindering scar formation and best possible functional results can be achieved . A direct co-adaptation of the facial nerve stumps is only possible, if the stumps are sharp-edged, i.e. after direct trauma, immediately within 24 hours after onset of the lesion.
Later, when the nerve stumps have to be freshened or if a gap of more than 1 cm is observed, an interpositional graft is needed to guarantee a tension-free nerve suture .
Well-proven donor nerves are the greater auricular nerve and the sural nerve. The use of biodegradable nerve tubes as alloplastic alternative can not be recommended for regular use as to date only case reports on their application are published .
Particularly after tumor resection the extratemporal resection defect can be very large in size. In such a situation a combined approach makes sense: The upper face is reconstructed with the proximal facial nerve and the lower face with a hypoglossal-facial-jump-nerve anastomosis. The separated reanimation of upper and lower face offers the advantage of prevention of synkinesia between both areas .
Because the first clinical signs of a successful regeneration do not occur before a time of six months and the finial results even needs twelve to 18 months, nerve suture is often combined with static reanimation of the eye closure using a upper lid weight [11, 12]. If lid weight is not effective, the first alternative is a palpable spring. This surgery is typically performed by an ophthalmologist . If the lower lid is suspended due to loss of facial tone, it is recommended to combine upper eye lid surgery with a lower lid plasty .
An alternative technique for the restoration of eye closure is to use a dynamic temporalis muscle plasty . In individual cases, it could be reasonable to reanimate the angle of the mouth with a dynamic muscle plasty, too. But the surgeon has to take care not to injure the very thin facial nerve branches entering the orbicularis oris muscle. If the patient wishes a very fast solution or if life expectancy is low, a dynamic muscle plasty can also be performed as a single procedure without nerve reconstruction. Here, the temporalis muscle or the masseter muscle is used for perioral reconstruction in combination with upper lid weight for eye restoration . Informed consent is necessary that the geometrical vectors of this kind of muscle plasties are limited. Muscle plasties only allow a few restored movements. A digastric muscle plasty is indicated for restoration of the depressor of the corner of the mouth in cases of isolated palsy of the marginal mandibular branch or congenital aplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle .
Even a dynamic muscle plasty can be technically impossible in cases of extended tumour surgery. As third choice static slings are part of the surgical arsenal. Slings allow restoration of the resting tone and improvement of facial asymmetry at rest in direction of the inserted sling. Autologic material like fascia lata or the tendon of the palmaris longus muscle is first choice in front of alloplastic material. Complications, especially wound healing problems, are seen more frequently with alloplastic material .
For lesion of the facial nerve proximal to the stylomastoid foramen, especially in lesions proximal to the tympanic segment, it has to be proven carefully if nerve reconstruction with the proximal facial nerve still is first choice, or if a cross-nerve suture should be chosen instead. If an intratemporal facial nerve reconstruction is planned, an entire graft leads to better functional results than a partial graft (with the idea to preserve remaining intact nerve fibres) .
In general, the functional results in case of proximal facial nerve lesions seem to be better after cross nerve suture using a new motor nerve source than a far proximal nerve graft . Anyway, both methods are functionally better than any elaborate intratemporal re-routing or even an intra-extracranial re-routing.
First choice for cross-nerve suture is the hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis (Figure 2 and 3). The classical type of hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis using the entire proximal hypoglossal nerve should be avoided nowadays. Classical hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis leads to unpleasant long-term sequelae, because the unilateral tongue atrophy produces permanent speech and swallowing problems. The hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis using only part of the hypoglossal nerve avoids tongue atrophy and the success rate is comparable to the classical type. Hyperkinesia, often seen after the classical technique, is avoided by the jump technique, because less nerve fibres regenerate to the periphery.
Hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis. a: Harvest of the greater auricular nerve as interpositional graft; b: End-to-end nerve suture of the graft (g) to the peripheral facial nerve (f); p = parotid gland; c: incision (arrow) of the hypoglossal nerve (h); d: end-to-side nerve suture between hypoglossal nerve (h) and the graft (g).
a, b: Patient with complete facial palsy 5 months after vestibular schwannoma surgery; c, d: Same patient 2 years after hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis. Pictures taken at rest (a, c) and during exposure of the teeth (b, d).
Several modifications of the hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis are described. Mostly used are a side-to-end nerve suture at the side of the proximal hypoglossal nerve and an end-to-end nerve suture to the distal facial nerve using a nerve graft in-between the hypoglossal and facial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve is incised to about 30%. Thereby, the nerve opens itself wedge-shaped to house the graft for the end-to-side nerve suture. Rarely, it is possible to bring together hypoglossal and facial nerve tensionless without using an interpositional graft. Other donor nerves for cross-nerve suture (motoric trigeminal nerve, accessory nerve, parts of the cervical plexus, ansa nervi hypoglossi) cause more morbidity in the donor region and show less satisfactory results .
The best alternative to hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis is a cross-face facial nerve suture: Peripheral facial nerve branches distal to the parotid gland are dissected on the contralateral healthy side. Even when electrostimulation is used to select two to four nerve branches to restore a selective symmetrical reinnervation of the ipsilateral lesioned side some additional palsy on the healthy side has to be accepted. To create a balance between these two aspects is difficult. The branches must be cut as distal as possible to minimize weakness on the healthy side. Long and several interpositional grafts are needed. Therefore, the suralis nerve is best choice. The suralis nerve is divided into several pieces. These pieces are pulled through the midface from the healthy to the lesioned side. The sural nerve grafts are sutured end-to-side to the facial nerve donor branches on the healthy side and end-to-end to selected peripheral facial nerve branches or to the main facial nerve trunk on the lesioned side.
Of course, depending on the individual situation, all kind of muscle plasties and sling procedures described above belong to the reanimation repertoire also in the situation of an early reconstruction in case of intratemporal lesion, more proximal facial nerve lesion or no possibility for extratemporal reconstruction.
Beginning with a denervation time of six months or more, a strong vital motor nerve is needed to reanimate the mimic musculature. A hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis provides acceptable results up to about two years after onset of the lesion . It should be kept in mind that the best results are reached within 2 months after onset of the lesion. A denervation time of six to twelve months guarantees at least satisfactory results. In case of longer denervation time the vitality of the mimic musculature has to be examined thoroughly. Age and comorbidity have influence on the velocity of muscle atrophy and fibrosis. In patients with a denervation time longer than two years, a nerve plasty without muscle transfer cannot be recommended on a regular basis. If a nerve reconstruction technique is chosen, the patient has to be informed that it takes six months on average before first signs of the muscle reinnervation are visible.
If a cross-face facial nerve suture is chosen, even more time is needed because the grafts and therefore the distance to be reinnervated are much longer. To overcome this situation, the facial musculature of the lesioned side can be reanimated additionally by a so called babysitter procedure: Parallel to the cross-face surgery the facial musculature is reanimated by a hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis . Recently, the babysitter procedure has also been described using the masseteric branch of the trigeminal nerve . If the denervation time is longer than 6 months the proceeding fibrosis of the peripheral facial nerve could hinder the direct connection of the cross-face nerve suture to the target musculature. In such a situation, a different, two-step procedure is necessary: Nine to twelve months after the first step, when the nerve grafts are completely passed by the regrowing axons, the distal side of the grafts are connected to a free muscle transplant on the lesioned side (see below). A single step procedure, i.e. suture of the cross-face interpositional grafts and free muscle transfer at the same time in one surgical session, cannot be recommended as standard procedure as only limited data is published on this technique [23, 24].
Free microvascular muscle transfer in combination with cross-face nerve suture is therapy of choice in patients with congenital facial nerve palsy (for instance in children with Moebius syndrome). Here, often the nerve and the mimic musculature do not exist . The most frequent muscles used are the gracilis muscle and the pectoralis minor muscle [15, 26]. In case of bilateral congenital palsy the reanimation of the free muscle transplant can be restored with bilateral hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis.
Especially in adult patients after tumor surgery, the use of dynamic muscle transfer (see above) is a good alternative to elaborate nerve reconstructions.
Twelve to 24 months have to be awaited for the first reanimation sign and later the complete reinnervation of the face after any kind of nerve surgery. Many patients need additional small surgery to correct smaller complaints due to the chronic palsy and the reanimation surgery. The patients should already be informed about this fact in front of any surgery during the planning phase.
Dyskinesia and synkinesia as result of effective nerve regeneration can be reduced effectively by botulinum toxin injections (Figure 4) . The reversibility of the botulinum toxin effect allows an individual adoption of necessary treatment. Since the introduction of botulinum toxin for this indication, definitive selective myectomies or neurectomies are no longer necessary. These irreversible and rough procedures should only be discussed if botulinum toxin is not effective. In facial areas with permanent weakened movements the asymmetry to the contralateral facial side is even amplified by overuse of the contralateral healthy side. In such a case, botulinum toxin can also be applied on the healthy side to reduce the muscle movements in the overused mimic areas. On the healthy side, botulinum toxin is most often used to reduce the function of the depressor anguli oris muscle .
Mimic therapy should start at best when the first reinnervation signs are visible by EMG or are at least when reinnervation is clinically visible in the mimic musculature after nerve reanimation surgery. Before, mimic therapy only is frustrating for the patients, because it will not result in voluntary movements. In case of hypoglossal-facial jump nerve anastomosis, the training must focus first on intended tongue movements to induce facial mimic movement. The patient will learn which kind of intended tongue movements lead to which kind of facial movement. With time, the patient will move his face without thinking on tongue movements anymore.
Systematic controlled studies on the role of physical therapy and also on the role of electrostimulation therapy are lacking [29, 30]. It is imaginable that physical therapy could help to reduce the degree of muscle atrophy in the first time after nerve suture to bridge the time before the regrowing axons have reached the mimic musculature. In patients with muscle transfer physical therapy could start after wound healing and help the patient to train the transferred muscle for his new function .
Most clinical studies on the results of facial nerve reconstruction use (beside photographs) the House-Brackmann grading system, although this system was only developed to classify acute facial palsy. Assessment of defective healing is not part of this classification system. Therefore, other systems including the assessment of defective healing are more suitable for evaluation of the surgical results. Such systems are: Stennert Index, Sydney system or the Sunnybrook system [6, 32, 33]. Even better are objective observer-independent measurement tools like video-based semiquantitative measurement systems. But up to now, these system has not become part of clinical routine . Beside the functional evaluation, the assessment should nowadays also include the measurement of quality of life after facial reconstruction surgery .
Head and neck surgeons faced with acute or chronic facial palsy demanding surgical repair need a broad spectrum of surgical tools in order to ensure optimal treatment of the patient. Following the diagnostic recommendations and the classification presented in this review may help to find the optimal strategy of modern facial nerve rehabilitation for the individual patient with severe facial palsy (Summary in Figure 5).
Summarizing schematic algorithm of the different possibilities of facial nerve reconstruction.
It is stated that informed written consent was obtained for publication of the patients images.
The authors issued the whole manuscript. All three authors have read and approved the final manuscript.


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text:
By GOD TV
Exposed: Palestinian Youth Movement Promotes Terrorism, Tied to Terror Groups
A pro-Palestinian activism organization is gaining prominence on US campuses
The Palestinian Youth Movement (PYM), a pro-Palestinian activism organization which has gained prominence on US campuses in recent years, and especially on those of the University of California, has been promoting acts of terrorism against Israel and has associated itself with US-designated terror organizations, according to an extensive new report on the organization.
PYM, a political, international organization, has been exposed as an organization that justifies terror attacks and supports members of US-designated terror organizations such as Ghassan Kanafani, a leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and Khader Adnan, a leader of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
PYM has also used its social media accounts and conventions to endorse violence, while PYM-U.S.A. collaborates with terror-affiliated organizations in the US, such as the PFLP-affiliated Addameer and Samidoun.
Open Support of Terrorism
An extensive report by a monitoring group on PYM's activities in the US found that in July 2018, the Critical Refugee Studies Collective, supported by the University of California, awarded a grant to PYM to help fund a three-day conference in San Francisco commemorating "70 years since the Nakba." While PYM claimed that the goal of the conference was "to formalize ties between our collective of transnational, politically-active Palestinian youth and the wider Palestine solidarity community within the US through a gathering themed around the revitalization of the Palestinian struggle at an important historical juncture," the conference endorsed violence and hate toward Israelis.
On July 29, the last day of the Nakba conference, PYM uploaded a video to its official Facebook page featuring a gathering of dozens of people chanting various slogans in Arabic. The slogans included those calling for the kidnapping of Israeli soldiers and violent uprising.
One of them was "Son of Gaza, kidnap a soldier and free our prisoners. No siege and no hunger – no trading with the blood of the martyrs." This appears to be a direct promotion of acts of terrorism.
Similarly, they were chanting "Intifada, Intifada, Long live the Intifada!" apparently calling for violence and war.
The phrase "Son of Gaza, kidnap a soldier and free our prisoners" has been used frequently in recent years by Arabs during protests in the PA in support of prisoners. In the Palestinian context, the Intifada is a violent uprising against Israel. This violence, against both Israeli citizens and Israeli security forces, has taken the form of suicide bombings, shootings, stabbings, and car-ramming attacks.
When PYM activists shout "Intifada, Intifada, Long live the Intifada!" they are in effect calling for violence and war. This slogan is not simply about protesting what they see as the "Israeli occupation." It is an expression of hate and a call for death to Israelis, the report notes.
PYM also used the slogan "Intifada, Intifada, long live the Intifada" at the National Students for Justice in Palestine (SJP) conference that took place at UCLA in November. PYM leader Mohamad Nabulsi led the conference in the chants and PYM uploaded it to their Instagram. The video has since been removed.
Support of Terrorists
These two instances of support and endorsement of violence are not new for PYM. Since PYM's founding in 2011, it has shown support for Palestinian terrorists and justified terror attacks.
For example, on November 12, 2018, a PYM delegation to Israel and the PA spent time with Yacoub Odeh, a member of the US-designated PFLP terror organization.
In another example, PYM supported the actions of Mohammad Tareq who carried out a terror attack on July 26, 2018, stabbing three Israelis before he was shot dead. Following Tareq's death, PYM shared Tareq's words before he carried out the attack on the PYM Facebook page.
"You who possess arms and bullets, remember that there is an enemy so that you may put your bullets in their bodies…Respect and Glory to all those who fight to defend their people and their honor, the people stand with you, you heroes…Resist so that you may draw your homeland with your blood, you people of honor…," PYM posted on social media,
PYM also justified his actions by writing, "We recognize that our youth are forced into becoming heroes because of the conditions in which they live, and that the people of Palestine will continue to resist until our land and our people are liberated from the river to the sea."
Additionally, PYM has venerated and honored Ghassan Kanafani, the former leader and spokesperson of the PFLP. Kanafani was assassinated by the Mossad in 1972 for his role with the PFLP and his involvement in the Lod Airport massacre. PYM has instituted an annual writing scholarship in his memory. PYM also sells Kanafani t-shirts on its online store.
Moreover, PYM has extolled and praised Basil Al-Araj, a PFLP terrorist who was shot dead by IDF forces in 2017 for his involvement in planning and executing terror attacks against Israelis.
In March 2017, PYM hosted an event in Washington, DC titled "Protest the Murder of Palestinian Youth Leader Basil Al Araj." PYM also translated and disseminated Al-Araj's writings on the PYM Facebook page and website.
Ties to Terror-Affiliated Organizations
Similarly, it has organized numerous anti-Israel events throughout the US, but is particularly concentrated in the state of California.
PYM is also a leading proponent of the Great Return March campaign that has seen weekly violent riots on Gaza's border with Israel. In a public statement supporting the march, PYM ended with the violent slogan: "In spirit and in blood we will redeem you, Palestine."
PYM also shared an event on its Transnational Great Return March that Samidoun held in London marking "100 years of fighting Zionism, colonialism and imperialism." The Facebook event picture that PYM shared included a photo of PFLP leader, Ahmad Saadat.
PYM has worked together with Samidoun, a group affiliated with the PFLP. Samidoun's leaders, Khaled Barakat and Charlotte Kates, are PFLP members and Barakat is also the International Coordinator for the "Campaign to Free Ahmad Saadat," a prisoner, terrorist and the former secretary-general of the PFLP.
In March 2017, Samidoun representative, Adnan Farsakh spoke at a PYM event in support of Basel Al-Araj. Later the same year, Samidoun co-sponsored a PYM event in New York in support of Palestinian security prisoners.
PYM has also worked with Addameer, another PFLP-affiliated organization founded and run by PFLP members. For instance, in November 2017 it hosted Addameer's Director Sahar Francis in California for an event titled "Building Solidarity Against Militarization."
Over the last 10 years, PYM has managed to establish its presence in the US. Its new chapters, two successful summer schools, prominent presence at multiple National SJP conferences and other Palestinian-related events, are proof that PYM's message is becoming increasingly attractive to Arbs who attain a Palestinian identity.
PYM's future development plans only further indicate that PYM has become a leading voice among the so-called Palestinian diaspora and has plans to navigate discourse and activism in the future.
The report notes that "this is incredibly concerning" because PYM's agenda includes the promotion of violence and hatred as well as the endorsement and justification of US-designated terror organizations and their terror activities."
PYM's stature in the Palestinian community, coupled with its emphasis on intersectionality and cross-struggle solidarity, will likely lead to further collaboration and the growth of PYM's influence, the report cautions.
"Thus, it is essential to undermine PYM's legitimacy, limit its organizing capabilities, and hold its donors as well as its fiscal sponsor, responsible for enabling its activities," the report concludes.
Written by Aryeh Savir/TPS | Photo by Kobi Richter/TPS
TAGSIsrael Insider / Palestinian / Terrorism
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Sebastião Maria de Quadros Côrte Real nasceu em Canelas, hoje Concelho de Estarreja, Distrito de Aveiro no dia 20 de Janeiro de 1853 no seio de uma família da nobreza rural. O seu pai era o Filipe Quadros Côrte-Real que era na altura Escrivão de Fazenda Pública e natural de Salreu. Por parte paterna Sebastião era descendente de famílias fidalgas da zona de Arouca que podiam traçar a sua linhagem até os reis portugueses da primeira dinastia e por parte da sua mãe, D. Doroteia de Figueiredo e Carvalho, de famílias que tinham jogado um papel decisivo na comunidade local, embora as suas origens fossem mais humildes. Entre os seus antepassados destacava-se Jacinto de Quadros Teixeira conhecido fidalgo português arouquense  senhor da Quinta de S. Pedro de Arouca, descendente e parente também este da conhecida e prestigiosa família Quadros de Aveiro, cujas raízes tinham vindo séculos antes de Sevilha, Espanha.

Na sua juventude Sebastião estudou na Universidade de Coimbra onde saiu como funcionário público tendo servido como Secretário da Administração do concelho de Ovar. Foi em Lisboa onde frequentou a corte do rei Luís I de Portugal e onde foi reconhecido como um dos melhores violinistas da época vivamente aclamado pelos seus contemporâneos como nos diz Esteves Pereira e Guilherme Rodrigues no seu "Dicionário de Portugal".

Casou a 22 de Outubro de 1876 com D. Maria Carolina Álvares de Araújo e Albuquerque que na altura era a 11ª senhora da "Casa da Bemposta" em Pinheiro da Bemposta, Oliveira de Azeméis.
Deste casamento teve dois filhos.

 Eduardo de Quadros Côrte-Real;
 Bernardino de Quadros Côrte-Real.

Faleceu em 16 de Novembro de 1891, na mesma casa e foi sepultado no cemitério público local em jazigo da sua família.

Naturais de Estarreja

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Spring sales at LF Warehouse and Descanso Gardens proved too tempting for me to resist. Though I got my bargain game face on at the LF Warehouse Sale, I was totally surpassed in bagging a bargain at the Descanso Sale.
Time to get an early start on Mothers Day shopping. Check out these hot weekend sales and special deals on jewelry, designer clothing and gifts.
On the way home from the Today in LA show Saturday, I stopped by this Nursery in North Hollywood cause they had so many roses. I have a very bare planting area in my back yard that I don't want to fill up with native drought tolerant plants and cactus like the rest of my yard. I have been fantasizing about some rose bushes for a few months. But needed to find them at a rock bottom bargain price… and I did!
Okay with our re-upholstering and window curtains done I am left with a lot of extra fabric. Yards and yards of upholstery velvets, paisley, stripped, silks and pin stripped fabric.
When I am short on funds or don't really need anything, I take my checkbook, ATM and CC out of my wallet and get by on cash only and keep less than $40 in my wallet.
I don't like temptation…. Of any kind. Whether it's high calorie delectable dessert or an incredible designer jacket, I always end up getting it if I don't use some self-imposed control.
This year, for the first time in our entire lives, Hubby and I are getting a tax refund.
Yes the Home buyers credit helped, but it was the icky economy that ultimately is the source of this unexpected windfall.
So whatta we gonna do with these dollars?


Directions: * Apply liberally to all exposed skin 15 minutes before sun exposure. * Re-apply: * Every two hours * Right after towel drying * After 40 minutes when sweating or swimming.
Warnings: * For external use only * Do not use on damaged or broken skin * Stop use and ask a doctor if a rash occurs * Side effects occur. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. * Keep out of eyes - rinse with water to remove. * Keep out of reach of children. * If swallowed get medical help or contact a Poison Center immediately.


I thought about the idea of making my own brake calipers after working on one of the many old bikes that I have. I figure if a rustic old sidepull can weigh less than a Dura Ace dual pivot, why not improve on that and you can have something modern with retro mechanics.
1. Has to be much stiffer than an old diacompe sidepull.
2. Must weigh less than 200 grams for the pair, with pads.
3. Must be as easy as possible to machine (as little setup routines as possible).
For strength in the arms I simply employed the power of geometry to make it as stiff as possible whilst using as little material as possible. The thickness of the arms will mean it'll be stiff against axial loads while the x bracing on the bottom halves of the arms will hold against torsion loads. The arms are made as simple as possible to reduce machining time. They are sized to produce about 1.2 time mechanical advantage and work with about 8mm of cable travel as that on a Shimao lever. That's about as good as a Dura Ace 7800 caliper.
Click to Read more about Mechanical Advantage.
Hardware is going to be Titanium with an aluminum recessed nut. From this angle one can see the simplicity in the design. The arms can be cut out in about 3 setups with a 3 axis mill.
So far the complete caliper minus brake pads, cable adjuster, and spring comes out to roughly 65 grams. A 75 gram fully functioning caliper should be achievable and if you didn't know, that is a ridiculously light weight setup.
There are some cons to this design though. First, in true vintage fashion it will not have a quick release. Secondly, the spring system will have to be thought out carefully or else the typical problem of the calipers going off center will be an issue. I am also currently perusing other designs that will take even less machining time so if you have any, shoot me an email.
My research has shown that there are two brake calipers out at the moment with generally the same design theme. One being the Ax-Lightness Orion which uses the same geometric principles as mine but in carbon form so they are able to achieve a world topping light weight.
The other is the Brams M5. This one is a beast! It uses more of a beam design and from every review seems to be quite the stiffy.


text:
Q: How can I integrate almond without changing index.html I have this build.js file:
({
    appDir: './',
    baseUrl: './js',
    dir: './dist',
    modules: [
        {
            name: 'main'
        }
    ]
})

And in my index.html I have:
<script data-main="js/main" src="js/lib/require/require.js"></script>

When I optimize the application using:
node r.js -o build.js

All the app directory is copies into dist directory. This method is really convenient since I don't need to do any changes and I can deploy the project immediately after the optimization.
The problem is that my code uses require.js which cause overhead. How can I integrate Almond? I still with the app directory will be copied into dist directory but I don't want to edit my index.html after each optimization call.
Is there a way to integrate almond?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
BIODIVERSITY, AN ITALIAN TREASURE
Why does the best basil in the world grow in Prà, in the western part of Genoa? Soil and sunshine certainly have something to do with it, but it's also a question of wind: the northern Mediterranean breeze that meets that of the Maritime Alps there. The best basil in the world is the result of a series of extraordinary circumstances that combine in an area measuring 18.5 square kilometres, nestled between the districts of Pegli and Voltri. If you take a step back and look at the whole of Italy, you'll see that Prà is just one of myriad cases like it. That's because Italy benefits from unique geographic conditions: it's a peninsula surrounded by a calm sea whose winds meet the mountains that run along the length of the country. That's why it's fair to say that biodiversity – i.e. the variety of animal and vegetable species that live within a particular ecosystem – is one of Italy's true treasures. As many as 58,000 animal species and 7,000 varieties of edible fruits and vegetables have been registered, including 1,200 native grape varieties and 538 olive cultivars: incredible figures if we consider that the country only covers 0.20% of the Earth's surface.
The threats that menace Italian biodiversity
During the International Day for Biological Diversity on 22nd May 2017, the United Nations raised concerns regarding the danger of extinction faced by many species of flora and fauna. Italy, the champion of biodiversity, also has to tackle a number of problems, starting with the reduction in the range of crops grown at an international level. However, it is also true to say that, in recent years, Italian agriculture has become the most environmentally friendly in Europe, with the highest number of PDO/PGI certifications awarded to food products, and it boasts the highest number of organic farms.
Agriculture: the future belongs to the young
According to a memorandum drafted by Coldiretti, the Italian farmers' federation, Italy is the only country in the world that can boast 4,965 registered traditional food products, 291 PDO/PGI specialities recognised at EU level, 415 DOC/DOCG wines and 60,000 organic farms. It is no coincidence that agriculture was the industry that saw the highest increase in employment in 2016 (up 4.9% year on year). According to Coldiretti, employment grew thanks to a phenomenon whereby many young people are returning to the land. Almost one in ten companies run by under-35s works in agriculture (8.4%), which amounts to a total of 51,123 farms, up 6% in 2016. Their work ranges from food processing to wholesale, from teaching farms to farm kindergartens, as well as recreational activities, social agriculture for fostering the integration of people with disabilities, park, garden and road maintenance, nature wellness, landscape gardening and the production of renewable energy. The result is that, compared to the industry average, farms run by under-35s are bigger (with a 54% larger surface area), provide more work (50% more) and have a higher turnover (75% more).
A FOOD AND WINE TRIP ACROSS LOMBARDY
Lombardy is a north-western region of Italy, n°1 in the country in terms of population, and n°4 in…
Fruits and vegetables: good numbers when it comes to consumption and export
"Made in Italy" fruits and vegetables sales are hitting record high numbers. In the past 25 years, exports have…
STECCO GOURMET, COVERED IN GELATO CECCHI TRUFFLE, IS HERE
Italian Gelato meets haute cuisine in its most gourmet expression. Thanks to Gelati Cecchi, the new frontier of…


text:
← Question of the Week: 3/4-3/10/19
ECW Podcast "Celebrating Women's History Month" Is Now Available →
Civil War Connections & Community Outreach
Posted on March 4, 2019 by juliemujic
Julie Mujic shares about her journey in the history field.
Graduate school for academic history is quite the silo. Unless you are entering a public history program, which I did not, the focus is truly on developing enough content knowledge to drive a publishing record and a subsequent career as an academic historian. There is (or at least was when I was there) little effort to develop teaching skills, connect history to ongoing conversations in the public discourse, or learn how to manage the administrative and service responsibilities that come with academic department membership. I worked within this silo, largely ignorant of these shortcomings, for several years until I made the decision to leave it. To be fair, the demands of the tenure track do not really allow for deeper engagement with what it means to be a historian. The academic history profession is now beginning to address many of these issues, thankfully.
Once away from academia however, it became clear to me that being a historian meant more than demonstrating how much I knew about the Civil War or seeking to fill in as many gaps in that knowledge as fast as possible. I joined the Board of Trustees of a local historical society and suddenly I was researching and designing exhibits, preparing public lectures on a range of historical topics, and writing about local history and politics for a variety of publications. I also formed a historical consulting firm and began a fascinating oral history project at a local school, among other endeavors. These ventures into public history – of seeing how I could connect my identity as a Civil War historian with the needs of a broader community – were a jolting separation from my prior path but also one that was increasingly rewarding.
Sharing WWI history!
Being a historian in public, rather than in academia, propels history into conversation with real life – with people who collect artifacts for a living, who work in museums, who feel history is important to their community's heritage, who study historical events on their own time and on their own dime. I could see the opportunity to broaden my perspective when conversing with hobbyists who know the ins and outs of myriad artifact collections, their provenance, and their value. The scientist down the street with the full barn of thrift store finds? Yep, he is definitely a historian of sorts. The volunteer docent who has walked in costume as a reenactor for decades? Yep, she is definitely a historian of sorts. I may have read more books (and that's debatable), learned methodology, theory, and argument from eminent scholars, and published with academic presses, but I have grown intellectually from interacting with people who conduct history in public, in addition to those on a campus. However, the gulf between people who consume and produce history as a passion and the people who consume and produce history as a trained career choice is enormous. It is a gulf that neither side really seems to want to cross, filled with distrust and disdain. In perpetuating it, we all lose.
One of the most rewarding aspects of this new public history hat I am wearing is that my audience is consistently attentive. They show up because they want to be there, eager to learn and to absorb what I am sharing. That's not to say anything negative about college students – I love to teach that population – but there are no members of a public history audience who attend my lectures because it fits their schedule, they needed the credits, or their advisor told them to come. As such, I feel a connection with a public history audience in a different way, which of course has its ups and downs. Some people want to politicize my talk or lecture me on what I should believe, but mainly they are grateful, and I am consequently grateful for their expressions of appreciation.
Public history has also connected me more deeply with my community and my region. In working in this space, I have learned about organizations doing important work in my city. Historians in this sense are community partners and must seek to collaborate toward larger goals. "My city" encompasses the suburb in which I raise my family and the bustling, dynamic metropolis within which most of my public history work is done. As a historian, I have joined the Board at my local suburban library and built a network of professionals in various positions who call on me for consulting work. My professional network expands into the larger city and encompasses other public and academic historians who make their livelihoods from history in one way or another.
Building these networks has helped me to see the diverse ways that historians envision their careers and pursue their personal and professional relationships with history itself. I find their work compelling and I realize that they are doing the work of history rather than the thinking and writing about history. Again, graduate school did not teach me much about how historical knowledge and skills are applied in the real world. The demands of academia often make it impossible to think about how a National Register of Historic Places nomination form is researched and completed, how a museum exhibit goes from an idea to a reality, or how an organization must play a political game in order to secure city funding. Some academic historians within my network are generous with their time and knowledge and volunteer to connect with historical society members in a variety of settings. Others still seem much too busy to bother. I understand both perspectives now.
I also feel more connected to the Midwest in general. I give public talks throughout a multi-state area (largely thanks to Emerging Civil War), I am in touch with professionals at regional museums and historical societies, and I have a pulse on what public history means to Midwesterners. It has allowed me to consider too how I would like to contribute to Midwestern history, either through publication or public history. I have considered my "midwesterness" in a new light since entering the public history realm. How does this region shape the story that I am telling? Am I telling a story that just happens to be set here or is the region a central character in that story? Academic historians in and of the Midwest are asking these questions now more than ever and it is an exciting time to participate in the telling of that story from multiple perspectives.
It has been an important professional development for me to get to know the "history scene" in my community. It has helped me reimagine history as a calling and a career. I have not yet fully reconciled these two kinds of historians within me. I know that research is the core of my calling to this profession. I want to research and I want to write – I want to think deeply about historical events and people and have the opportunity to share ideas that might be meaningful or make a difference. What I've realized lately though is that I can do that in a wide variety of ways. Those ways might be tied specifically to the Civil War; they may not. Maybe I'm really a different kind of historian than how I was trained; maybe it is not really necessary to define it. My journey to find my voice may only just be beginning and that is truly exciting.
This entry was posted in Emerging Civil War, Personalities and tagged academic history, networking, public history, Teaching History, women in the history field, Women's History Month 2019. Bookmark the permalink.
7 Responses to Civil War Connections & Community Outreach
Derek Maxfield says:
Well done. I really appreciate your column. Bridging the gap between academia and public history is a battle we will be fighting for a long time. I am right there beside you.
juliemujic says:
Thanks Derek!
David Dietly says:
What a wonderful essay- made my day to read a beautifully written paean to community, having found one, recognizing the fit, and feeling grateful.
Thank you David!
Chris Mackowski says:
Wonderful piece, Julie. I like the sense of excitement and anticipation you discover as you realize the transformation you've undergone and now look at the road ahead. Thanks for sharing that sense of discovery.
I focused a good part of my PhD on the connection between nonfiction writers and place, so your questions really jumped out at me: "How does this region shape the story that I am telling? Am I telling a story that just happens to be set here or is the region a central character in that story?" It will be interesting to see how you ground yourself in these questions as you think about them more.
You wrote, "there are no members of a public history audience who attend my lectures because it fits their schedule, they needed the credits, or their advisor told them to come." This made me chuckle. 🙂
sheafferhistorianaz says:
I was fortunate to complete my grad work at Duquesne, which offered a public history certificate. I feel more graduate schools should follow this model.
Thanks for supporting me along this journey, Chris!
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text:
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HomeBlogEarly worksYoung painter: the earliest surviving work by Leonardo da Vinci
Young painter: the earliest surviving work by Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo first gained notoriety for his work on the Baptism of Christ, painted in conjunction with Verrocchio. Both both of which are Annunciations. One is small, 59 centimetres (23 in) long and 14 centimetres (5.5 in) high. It is a "predella" to go at the base of a larger composition, a painting by Lorenzo di Credi from which it has become separated. The other is a much larger work, 217 centimetres (85 in) long. In both Annunciations, Leonardo used a formal arrangement, like two well-known pictures by Fra Angelico of the same subject, of the Virgin Mary sitting or kneeling to the right of the picture, approached from the left by an angel in profile, with a rich flowing garment, raised wings and bearing a lily. Although previously attributed to Ghirlandaio, the larger work is now generally attributed to Leonardo.
In the smaller painting, Mary averts her eyes and folds her hands in a gesture that symbolised submission to God's will. Mary is not submissive, however, in the larger piece. The girl, interrupted in her reading by this unexpected messenger, puts a finger in her bible to mark the place and raises her hand in a formal gesture of greeting or surprise. This calm young woman appears to accept her role as the Mother of God, not with resignation but with confidence. In this painting, the young Leonardo presents the humanist face of the Virgin Mary, recognising humanity's role in God's incarnation.
In the 1480s, Leonardo received two very important commissions and commenced another work that was of ground-breaking importance in terms of composition. Two of the three were never finished, and the third took so long that it was subject to lengthy negotiations over completion and payment.
One of these paintings was Saint Jerome in the Wilderness, which Bortolon associates with a difficult period of Leonardo's life, as evidenced in his diary: "I thought I was learning to live; I was only learning to die." Although the painting is barely begun, the composition can be seen and is very unusual. Jerome, as a penitent, occupies the middle of the picture, set on a slight diagonal and viewed somewhat from above. His kneeling form takes on a trapezoid shape, with one arm stretched to the outer edge of the painting and his gaze looking in the opposite direction. J. Wasserman points out the link between this painting and Leonardo's anatomical studies. Across the foreground sprawls his symbol, a great lion whose body and tail make a double spiral across the base of the picture space. The other remarkable feature is the sketchy landscape of craggy rocks against which the figure is silhouetted.
The daring display of figure composition, the landscape elements and personal drama also appear in the great unfinished masterpiece, the Adoration of the Magi, a commission from the Monks of San Donato a Scopeto. It is a complex composition, of about 250 x 250 centimetres. Leonardo did numerous drawings and preparatory studies, including a detailed one in linear perspective of the ruined classical architecture that forms part of the background. In 1482 Leonardo went to Milan at the behest of Lorenzo de' Medici in order to win favour with Ludovico il Moro, and the painting was abandoned.
The third important work of this period is the Virgin of the Rocks, commissioned in Milan for the Confraternity of the Immaculate Conception. The painting, to be done with the assistance of the de Predis brothers, was to fill a large complex altarpiece. Leonardo chose to paint an apocryphal moment of the infancy of Christ when the infant John the Baptist, in protection of an angel, met the Holy Family on the road to Egypt. The painting demonstrates an eerie beauty as the graceful figures kneel in adoration around the infant Christ in a wild landscape of tumbling rock and whirling water. While the painting is quite large, about 200×120 centimetres, it is not nearly as complex as the painting ordered by the monks of St Donato, having only four figures rather than about fifty and a rocky landscape rather than architectural details. The painting was eventually finished; in fact, two versions of the painting were finished: one remained at the chapel of the Confraternity, while Leonardo took the other to France. The Brothers did not get their painting, however, nor the de Predis their payment, until the next century.
Drawings, Early works
For an artist working in the 15th century, some study of the nature of light was essential. It was by the painting of light falling on a surface. It was also well understood by artists like Leonardo's teacher, Verrocchio, that an appearance of space and distance could be achieved in a background landscape by painting...
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For an artist working in the 15th century, some study of the nature of light was essential. It was by the painting of light falling on a surface.


The San Antonio-based grocery store chain H-E-B, which has hundreds of stores throughout Texas, is beginning a new program in its upcoming Houston area stores, reports the Houston Chronicle. With the help of the Weingarten Art Group, the store is selecting art projects by Texas artists meant to be reflective the neighborhood it serves.
To read the full Chronicle article with images of the first project, go here.
Downtown Houston Art and a Painting Party!
An interesting idea: democratize the public's access to art while de-democratizing the surrounding neighborhoods by accelerating gentrification through development. Quirky indeed.
Yeah, also what are they paying the artist? How much is the "consultant" getting?
Love the range that Scott and Leah are able to come together and agree on. Ansen is a good San Antonio based artist, funny WAG couldn't find a Houstonian?
New businesses come to my gallery constantly hoping to decorate with free art in exchange for exposure. I nicely explain that artists need sales just like the flooring people. Some listen and buy art, some don't. Please let us all know if this is a paid commission. As "hip" as H-E-B is I would hope that they are hip enough to know how to do the right thing.
Congrats to Ansen. This may be the first formal program, but H-E-B has done similar initiatives throughout San Antonio in recent years- murals at various locations, Chuck Ramirez prints at the South Flores Market, a Vincent Valdez video installation at Nogalitos store when it opened.
It's not HEB's first foray into art in their stores. The Houston Central Market opened with two large tile works by Malou Flato on the wall opposite the checkout counters. In the early days there were cases of drinks and other bulky items placed under them, and often price signs taped to the tiles. My husband would routinely go to the manager of the store to request that they be moved, later removing the signs himself. Finally we wrote to the central management of the stores, and that helped. Since the major remodeling a year ago, those walls were moved out and redesigned, and I'm happy to say the artworks are center on the wall with no debris underneath! Kudos to the store for adding good artwork to contribute to a good shopping experience.
HEB opened a new store in Huntsville (TX) last fall. They approached me about getting SHSU art students to design a mural for the entrance of the new store–a mural that expressed "what was important to Huntsville." The idea evolved and instead of a mural, my Museum and Gallery Practices students curated a selection of student work to hang on the wall. Now we have a wall of rotating student work in the entrance to HEB that promotes what our students are doing and the exhibitions at our downtown student Satellite Gallery.
You are all not reading this correctly I think, the art community of Texas knows that HEB has been a supporter of the arts, but this article states that they are working with a consultant. A well connected consultant -in the money world not the art world- that seems to have a certain strong hold on art opportunities in the state. The question we should have is why are major institutions hiring this one firm to handle art (HEB aside because it is their money), specifically the University of Houston.


These are some real problems experienced by WD400BB-22HEA1 and Western Digital hard drives in general that we see in our lab. We are not affiliated in any way with hard drive manufacturers. All the information below is based solely on our experience and we do not make any claims regarding reliability of the specific model. We see mostly failed drives in our lab and therefore we don't have complete statistics.
Drive began failing on copy commands (CRC error), bad sectors began appearing. Upon reboot, scandisk ran (many bad sectors found) and then drive was not recognized by BIOS. Onset of problem was very sudden. Unsure if noises occurred, the computer is in a loud lab environment.
If you experience any of the symptoms described above with your Western Digital WD400BB-22HEA1 please feel free to contact us to get upfront quote on data recovery from your failed drive.


text:
Richard II (2000): Almeida Theatre Company, Gainsborough Studios
PrRichard II (
Location: Gainsborough Studios
Almeida Theatre Company
PRINCIPAL CAST: Ralph Fiennes (Richard II); Oliver Ford Davies (Duke of York); Barbara Jefford (Duchess of York); Linus Roache (Bolingbroke); Oliver Ryan (Aumerle); Robert Swann (Earl of Northumberland).
This production ran from 30 March - 22 July 2000 and played in repertory with Coriolanus. They both transferred to the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York and Richard II ran from 6 September - 1 October 2000.
David Fahm
Bushy, Exton's Man
Marc Small


text:
<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: urmas
 * Date: 12/4/14
 * Time: 5:15 PM
 */

class Mageflow_Connect_Model_Handler_Sales_TaxruleTest  extends PHPUnit_Framework_TestCase
{
    /**
     * @var Mageflow_Connect_Model_Handler_Sales_Taxclass
     */
    protected $object;
    protected $testmodel;

    /**
     * Sets up the fixture, for example, opens a network connection.
     * This method is called before a test is executed.
     */
    protected function setUp()
    {
        $this->object = new Mageflow_Connect_Model_Handler_Sales_Taxrule();

        $this->testmodel = Mage::getModel('Mage_Tax_Model_Calculation_Rule');

        $now = new Zend_Date();

        $this->testmodel->setData('mf_guid', '123abc');
        $this->testmodel->setData('code', 'testrule');
    }

    /**
     * Tears down the fixture, for example, closes a network connection.
     * This method is called after a test is executed.
     */
    protected function tearDown()
    {
        $this->testmodel->delete();
    }

    /**
     * @covers Mageflow_Connect_Model_Handler_System_Design::packData
     *
     * public function packData(Mage_Core_Model_Abstract $model)
     */
    public function testPackData()
    {
        $retval = $this->object->packData($this->testmodel);

        $this->assertObjectHasAttribute('mf_guid', $retval);
        $this->assertObjectHasAttribute('code', $retval);
    }

    /**
     * @covers Mageflow_Connect_Model_Handler_System_Design::getPreview
     *
     */
    public function testGetPreview()
    {

        $this->assertTrue(method_exists($this->object, 'getPreview'));
        $changesetItem = Mage::getModel('mageflow_connect/changeset_item');
        $encodedContent = json_encode(
            $this->object->packData($this->testmodel),
            JSON_FORCE_OBJECT
        );
        $changesetItem->setContent($encodedContent);

        $retval = $this->object->getPreview($changesetItem);

        $this->assertEquals($retval, 'testrule');
    }

    /**
     * @covers Mageflow_Connect_Model_Handler_System_Design::processData
     *
     * public function processData(array $data = array())
     */
    public function testProcessData()
    {
        $this->assertTrue(method_exists($this->object, 'processData'));

        $testData = json_encode($this->object->packData($this->testmodel));
        $retval = $this->object->processData(json_decode($testData, true));

        $this->assertArrayHasKey('message', $retval);
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('status', $retval);
        $this->assertEquals($retval['status'], 'success');
        $this->assertArrayHasKey('current_entity', $retval);
        $this->assertInstanceOf('StdClass', $retval['current_entity']);
    }
}

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Output - Changing your bundle location!
Now that we've set some basic defaults, we want to have more control on where we want to place our webpack bundles! We'll learn about the node path module as well as how to use it to set our webpack output path!


text:
Erik Wijmeersch, né le  à Saint-Nicolas est un athlète belge, spécialiste des épreuves de sprint.

Biographie

Il remporte la médaille d'or du 200 mètres lors des Championnats d'Europe en salle 1996, à Stockholm, dans le temps de 21 s 04, devant le Grec Aléxios Alexópoulos et le Suédois Torbjörn Eriksson.

Palmarès

Records

Notes et références

Article connexe
 Équipe de Belgique masculine de relais 4 × 100 mètres

Liens externes

Sprinteur belge
Coureur de 100 mètres
Coureur de 200 mètres
Champion d'Europe d'athlétisme en salle
Athlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1996
Naissance en janvier 1970


They should be on exercise bikes OR HIRE SOMEONE TO BEAT THE FAT OFF THEIR BODIES. Decadent creeps.
17 vacations this year.---WOW--I haven't taken 17 in my whole life.
The rich like to flaunt their wealth: BUT; in the after-life---they receive: NOTHING!
President Obama will depart the White House with his family for a vacation on the Massachusetts island of Martha's Vineyard Friday afternoon, one day earlier than his original scheduled departure date.
The Associated Press reported that the Obama family moved up the date of departure, extending their summer vacation to 17 days, more than four times the length of the average American vacation. In fact, Obama's summer break is one day longer than the total amount of vacation time the average American worker is allotted for an entire year.
A birthday fit for a princess – and a few billionaires, too!
Princess Beatrice, who turns 27 on Saturday, has boarded a mega yacht off the coast of Ibiza. And she's brought along some seriously high-powered guests.
Princess Beatrice was on the luxury yacht, Eclipse, which is owned by Russian billionaire and oligarch (a wealthy businessman with tremendous political influence) Roman Abramovich.
She was then spotted on another yacht, Rising Sun, with TV royalty Oprah Winfrey.
Winfrey's good friend, Gayle King, was also pictured enjoying some R&R on the impressive super yacht.
Rising Sun is a motor yacht designed by Jon Bannenberg, and built in 2004 by Germany's Lürssen for Larry Ellison, CEO of Oracle Corporation, and last refitted in 2007. 'Rising Sun' has been owned since 2010 by David Geffen, who had bought a half share of the yacht in late 2006. The yacht is the 11th largest in the world with a length of almost 138 metres (453 ft). It reportedly cost over US$200 million to build.
Oprah's yacht Vango at Martha's Vineyard = Will BO be there for his vacation?
yacht -- and two others have already begun their turn on the ways -- this singular design surpasses many previous efforts in custom naval architecture. Attention to detail and interior embellishments easily elevate it into a class by itself.
In every important room on the vessel, the yacht displays especially commissioned faux artworks of famed Impressionist artist Vincent Van Gogh. Hence, the owner has dubbed this artistic creation with its illustrious nom de guerre, Vango. As delivered, the salon of this magnificent yacht reflects a strength, a masculine warmth of the man and his paintings. Rich, deep mahogany browns and burnt-orange earth tones dominate, reminiscent of a Dutch or French agrarian estate, perhaps in France's famed neo-classical Orangerie, the orange grove country. Not rustic, but tasteful arrangements fashioned by Donald Starkey, Ltd., of London, with Westport's design team, headed by Ellen Henry.
I sometimes think that Oprah is some sort of CIA mind control operation.
The Protein Expression Technology Center (PETC) was founded in 1994 to facilitate the expression and purification of proteins for structure/function studies. The PETC provides support in all aspects of protein expression from cloning through expression optimization and protein purification. The PETC is a UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics facility but is open to all UCLA researchers.
Geffen has a Malibu beach house with direct access to the beach which he has fought for years to block from public access. Geffen has gone as far as constructing a false garage, complete with a false curb cut-out to give the impression that legal parking spots next to his beach house is a no parking zone.
Personal life Geffen has an estimated net worth of $6 billion, making him one of the richest people in the entertainment industry.
Yes they would win easily.
I think it's great that Trump laughs at the politicians, pundits and reporters of WASHINGTON DC.
THESE RAT BASTARDS HAVE LAUGHED AT THE WORKING SCUM OF AMERICA FOR A LONG, LONG TIME.
Now it is our turn to laugh at them.
I'm writing this because of Oprah Winfrey's influence in areas most Christians would never suspect: in the top universities in the U.S.
1) Leading about 1000 Stanford students in a 5 minute meditation session (inhale, exhale, etc.) telling them to think of all the conscious choices they made up to this point, that determined their destiny, that led them to Stanford University.
This is what Warren B. Smith has been warning about for many years, the universal lie that "We are all one, we are all interconnected. God is in everyone and everything.� Oprah Winfrey was able to spread this lie to an attentive audience of young Stanford University students. See Lighthouse Trails Oprah articles and booklets: http://www.lighthousetrailsresearch.com/blog/?cat=2595.
H. B. Sharman (Henry Burton, 1865–1953) devoted his life to educating others about the life and teaching of Jesus.
Many of his students went on to lead groups in universities and retreat centers. Groups that carried on his seminar method included Pendle Hill, Sequoia Seminars, and the Guild for Psychological Studies . Among his Canadian students who were influential were the controversial missionaries to China, the Endicotts, James Gareth Endicott and his wife Shirley, and Murial Duckworth, the tireless peace activist.
Thanks for the history Tahoe.
I don't think O would go with the Donald. She is a straight Democrat.
Bill Gates, David Rockefeller, Ted Turner, Oprah Winfrey, Warren Buffett, George Soros and Michael Bloomberg.
Oprah starts hypnotizing the audience about now !!!
The group behind the tapes accuses Planned Parenthood of selling fetal tissue for profit — which is illegal and which Planned Parenthood denies doing. House Republicans plan to investigate. This may be just one more battle in the nation's long war over abortion, but the dispute has raised questions about who the buyers and sellers are, what fetal tissue is used for and what the law allows.
The National Institutes of Health spent $76 million on research using fetal tissue in 2014 with grants to more than 50 universities, including Columbia, Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford, Yale and the University of California in Berkeley, Irvine, Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco. It expects to spend the same amount in 2015 and 2016.
On January 22, 1993, President Clinton issued a directive to the Secretary of Health and Human Services ending a five-year moratorium on Federal funding of transplantation research that uses human fetal tissue derived from induced abortions. In March 1993, NIH published interim guidelines for research involving human fetal tissue transplantation. These guidelines were based on the recommendations of the 1988 Human Fetal Tissue Transplantation Research Panel and were designed to ensure that Federal funding of human fetal tissue transplantation research would not encourage the choice of abortion. On June 10, 1993, the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Public Law 103-43) was enacted, and, because of the superseding provisions contained in the law regarding fetal tissue transplantation, the interim guidelines were withdrawn.
(1) IN GENERAL - The Secretary may conduct or support research on the transplantation of human fetal tissue for therapeutic purposes.
(2) SOURCE OF TISSUE - Human fetal tissue may be used in research carried out under paragraph (1) regardless of whether the tissue is obtained pursuant to a spontaneous or induced abortion or pursuant to a stillbirth.
(a) PURCHASE OF TISSUE- It shall be unlawful for any person to knowingly acquire, receive, or otherwise transfer any human fetal tissue for valuable consideration if the transfer affects interstate commerce.
(3) the person who solicits or knowingly acquires, receives, or accepts the donation has provided valuable consideration for the costs associated with such abortion.
(1) IN GENERAL - Any person who violates subsection (a) or (b) shall be fined in accordance with title 18, United States Code, subject to paragraph (2), or imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both.
(2) PENALTIES APPLICABLE TO PERSONS RECEIVING CONSIDERATION - With respect to the imposition of a fine under paragraph (1), if the person involved violates subsection (a) or (b)(3), a fine shall be imposed in an amount not less than twice the amount of the valuable consideration received.
Oprah, her agenda and appeal.
What's that expession, wolf in sheeps clothing, the fuzy puppy lines.
Appealing to the heart of society is fuel for the change required in massmindset.
So sweet, so loving, so caring so it would appear. Similar to Obamas appeal to change, righting wrongs etc.
No images of the invasions and ultimate slaughter of 3rd. world countrys and videos of the dead, the truth. No mention of our 19 trillion debet, though she runs around in a multi million yatch the size of a football field.
Do you see a tad of hypocracy..
She can hold a fuzzy cute puppy and get wows from the folks, so cute. What would have happened if she had held the body parts of a child mangled in one of our invasions.. She found her niche and talent to play the heartstring game, as have our lil Gov and regime.
Oh yea do you remember the secret meeting? I remember Alex getting all animated about it.
In a quiet meeting closed to the news media and the public, Bill Gates, David Rockefeller Sr., Oprah Winfrey and other leading philanthropists met in New York this month to discuss ways to promote efforts to solve growing social problems in America and abroad.
Supposedly it was to do with population control.
The chosen humans by the Nefilim that run the Global banks to cull their demographics and rewarding them with a rich lifestyle for doing so.
Then we also have the more interesting cases, like Black Sheep of the Family, Kate Rothschild ~ who is still acting teenager and not fully inducted into the Family Biz (Yet).
Still real life is not black and white, its complicated.
It amazes me she hasn't gotten the hard word from her masters, or has she?
When she was six? Does she not have any real racism stories? Sorry don't follow Oprah.
About 2 months ago I met a Russian bioengineer on a London Train.
He told me absolutely stunning news.
have been using research into human genomes.
by using his own cells !
and indeed he was very excited.
He could not wait to put this new procedure into practice in Russia .
"Think of all the people that we will be able to help !"
I asked him about using fetal stem cell research.
"Stem cell research, it is totally outdated !
This surpasses any of that.
That is no longer worth using.
It is a waste of time and money !"
should I wish to speak to verify this claim.
might jeopardize him in some way.
How do I meet these people?
By knowing how to say hello in different languages.
I really am a friendly person.
so do "the American cousins across the pond".
Why are we NOT being told?
to the justification given for the abortion industry?
and Planned Parenthood's reason for existence ?
Very informative my friend---and we both understand, that the END RUN is Cloning!
...because a Clone has No Soul and can be Killed at will!
...the planet is in DEEP SH*T!
Looks like the elitists have found a new playground: the secluded Kiawah Island off the South Carolina coastline.
The fact that Bloomberg is there points more to a discussion about how to run rough-shod over the people who don't want to take the vaccines or who resist the coming "nanny state� when it comes to "encouraging healthy communities� (aka, total control, with cams, drones, and militarized police enforcing "green laws� and "fat taxes�).
However, the fact that Oprah has been asked to attend kind of surprises me. Her influence on society has waned somewhat since she went solo with her career. However, she could have made a deal to be highly-publicized and resurrected as a national guru by the mainstream media in return for her cooperation in the coming operations.
The plans that the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has for not just this country, but the entire world, carry many different sociological implications: The way we think about the healthcare system, our own bodies and our own reactions to them, the way we think about family planning, how many children to have, how to raise them, etc. are all going to be influenced by this meeting. We can't underestimate the importance of this particular meeting enough. The last time the elitists met like this, they created the Eugenics Record Office, which eventually led to the forced sterilization of thousands of people. What's happening this time?
The meeting being referred to was a secret meeting where, "A dozen of the richest people in the world met for an unprecedented private gathering at the invitation of Bill Gates and Warren Buffett to talk about giving away money,� held at Rockefeller University, and included notable philanthropists such as Gates, Buffett, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, George Soros, Eli Broad, Oprah Winfrey, David Rockefeller Sr. and Ted Turner.
One attendee stated that, "It wasn't secret,� but that, "It was meant to be a gathering among friends and colleagues. It was something folks have been discussing for a long time. Bill and Warren hoped to do this occasionally. They sent out an invite and people came.� Chronicle of Philanthropy editor Stacy Palmer said, "Given how serious these economic times are, I don't think it's surprising these philanthropists came together,� and that, "They don't typically get together and ask each other for advice.� The three hosts of the meeting were Buffet, Gates and David Rockefeller. [See: Appendix 2: Bilderberg Connections to the Billionaire's Meeting].
At the meeting, "participants steadfastly refused to reveal the content of the discussion. Some cited an agreement to keep the meeting confidential.
How would you like to be a fly on the wall for this event, a secret meeting of some of the world's biggest givers?
On May 5, Bill Gates, David Rockefeller Sr., Oprah Winfrey, Warren Buffet and other leading philanthropists met in New York to discuss the world's problems.
The high-profile confab was organized by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Details of what the group discussed have not been made public but according to IrishCentral.com, each philanthropist was given 15 minutes to talk about their view of the future and how the team, which has donated billions to charitable causes, can help at a time when charity donations are falling.
What is particularly compelling about the group assembled, which also reportedly included Eli Broad and Michael Bloomberg, is that most of them have their own foundation and areas of focus when it comes to philanthropy. I can't help but imagine this meeting as some sort of Justice League scenario complete with flapping capes. Sounds more compelling than any summer blockbuster.
There are many fewer American billionaires these days, so one might think those who are left would attract more attention when they moved en masse. Yet some of America's more prominent and successful capitalists managed to meet this month at Rockefeller University on the Upper East Side to discuss philanthropy. It took weeks before anyone noticed.
News of the meeting was reported on Monday by the site Irish Central.
The attendees at the May 5 event seemed pulled from the Forbes list of the world's wealthiest people: Bill Gates (1), Warren E. Buffett (2), Michael R. Bloomberg (17), George Soros (29), Eli Broad (93), Oprah Winfrey (234), David Rockefeller Sr. (305), Ted Turner (376), Peter G. Peterson (430), Julian H. Robertson Jr. (559) and John Morgridge (647).
Based on February estimates by Forbes, the room had a net worth about $120 billion, or nearly as much as New York State's annual budget.
Even as details trickled out this week, participants steadfastly refused to reveal the content of the discussion. Some cited an agreement to keep the meeting confidential. Spokesmen for Mr. Buffett, Mr. Bloomberg, Mr. Gates, Mr. Rockefeller, Mr. Soros and Ms. Winfrey and others dutifully declined comment, though some confirmed attendance.
"It was a private meeting,� said Karen Denne, a spokeswoman for the Broad Foundation, which runs Mr. Broad's charitable efforts.
"Essentially it was a brainstorming session where people who are very charitable talked about charity in today's economic climate,� said an assistant to one of the participants, who was told about the discussion but asked not to be identified because of the request for secrecy.
The participants all have reputations as philanthropists, and many have teamed up on causes in the past. Mr. Buffett, for instance, recently pledged to donate the bulk of his fortune, currently estimated at $37 billion, to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Together the members of the meeting had donated more than $72.5 billion to charitable causes since 1996, according to The Chronicle of Philanthropy.
Details about how the event came together were just as closely guarded. The person said to be the organizer, Patricia Q. Stonesifer, former chief executive of the Gates foundation and currently chairwoman of the Smithsonian Institution, did not return messages requesting comment.
The gathering started at 3 p.m. on May 5, a Tuesday, and lasted through dinner at the private residence on the Rockefeller campus of Paul Nurse, the university's president, while he was out of town, said Joseph Bonner, a spokesman for the university.
The university became involved after the elder Mr. Rockefeller, its former longtime chairman, requested the university to provide space for the meeting, Mr. Bonner said. "Our role was just to provide a site for those people to meet,� he said.
In writing her memoir, former first lady Michelle Obama said she wanted to share the full picture of her life because she wanted her readers and followers to see how the highs and lows shaped her character and set her on her path.
So she didn't let her husband read the draft; she didn't let friends peek at the chapters until it was done. What emerged was a new image of herself.
"I'm finally claiming, my story is the quintessential American story," she told a sold-out audience of 14,000 people at the United Center on Tuesday night. "Yes, I'm black. Yes, I'm a woman and yes, I grew up working class and my parents didn't get to finish college.
"How dare someone tell me I don't love my country."
Long before the former first lady took the stage for the first stop on her highly anticipated book tour, the crowds had gathered.
They squeezed inside 57th Street Books in Hyde Park late Monday to pick up their pre-ordered copies of ?Becoming? at the stroke of midnight.
A top-secret meeting of the worlds richest people to discuss the global financial crisis was held in New York on May 5, IrishCentral.com has learned exclusively.
The mysterious, media-blackout meeting was called by Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire-Hathaway; Bill Gates, co founder of Microsoft; and David Rockefeller Jr., chairman of Rockefeller Financial Services.
In addition to Gates, Buffett and Rockefeller, the attendees included Oprah Winfrey, George Soros, Ted Turner, and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, among others.
It was held in the President's Room at Rockefeller University In New York at 3 p.m. on that Tuesday afternoon.
How so many giant figures in American life managed to interrupt and coordinate their schedules on such short notice, and meet in total secrecy in the worlds media capital remains a mystery -- as does the ultimate outcome of the billionaires' conference.
In their letter of invitation, Gates, Buffett and Rockefeller cited the worldwide recession and the urgent need to plan for the future. They said they wanted to hear the views of a broad range of key leaders in the financial and philanthropic fields.
Each attendee was given 15 minutes to deliver a presentation on how they saw the future global economic climate, the future priorities for philanthropy, and what they felt the elite group should do.
According to one of the attendees, Gates was the most-impressive speaker of the day, with Turner the most-outspoken and Warren Buffet the most-insistent on his agenda for change.
Winfrey was said to be in a "listening mode."
Gates was worth an estimated $57B in 2008; more recently, Buffett clocked in at an estimated $37B -- making them the richest Americans.
Winfrey was once the world's only black billionaire, and has extensive holdings in the entertainment and publishing industries, as well as being a leading philanthropist.
Turner, founder of CNN, once donated $1B to the United Nations. Soros has a personal fortune estimated at $11B, while Bloomberg is listed as the eighth-richest American with a net worth of $20B .
Other invitees included Eli and Edythe Broad, whose current fortune is estimated at $5.2B by Forbes Magazine; John Morgridge, former CEO of Cisco and his wife Tashia; Peter Peterson, senior chairman of the Blackstone Group; Julian Robertson, founder of Tiger Management Corp.; and Patty Stonesifer, former CEO of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
"They were all there, the great and the good," a participant told IrishCentral.com.


Joining is inexpensive and easy.
Membership is open to Lubbock-area businesses in the hospitality industry and to the businesses that support them. LHMA membership is purchased for January 1st – December 31st and is renewed each year on January 1st.
Hotels, motels, and bed & breakfasts membership dues are $350 annually and include lunch for 1 at all LHMA sponsored meetings. Own multiple properties? Ask about our preferred pricing!
Affiliate membership dues are $250 annually and include lunch for one person at all LHMA sponsored meetings.


Now you get to put that pre-cooked keema to work. I've specified lamb keema here but any meat keema will do.
Whenever I make this curry, I usually also prepare a selection of different samosas the same day using the pre-cooked keema. Just take out what you need for the samosas and use the rest in the curry. I would like to stress how much magnificent additional flavour you get by pre-cooking the keema meat. Yes, you could just throw it in raw for this recipe, but you would be missing one of the flavour boosts that makes BIR dishes so amazing.
To make this dish even more exciting, try adding a few more complementary ingredients. Chickpeas, blended spinach, pre-cooked potatoes and/or tandoori prawns, for example, could be all that's needed to take this popular curry and make it into a personal masterpiece.
Heat the oil in a pan over a medium-high heat until sizzling hot. Add the onion and pepper and fry for about 2 minutes until the onion is soft and just beginning to brown. Add the garlic and ginger paste, chillies and coriander stalks, and move it all around in the pan so that everything is nicely coated in the oil.
Stir in the mixed powder, cumin and chilli powder, give it all a good stir and then add the tomato purée. Let this sizzle for about 30 seconds and then pour in about 250ml of the base curry sauce and let it bubble for about 30 seconds. There's no need to stir unless it is obviously catching on the pan. Stir in the pre-cooked keema and the rest of the base curry sauce. This is usually a dry curry, but if you prefer more sauce, go ahead and add it, or a little meat stock.
Add the peas, tomato and dried fenugreek leaves and cook for a further minute or two until the peas are heated through. Be careful not to overcook them; they need to be plump and still have a bit of a bite to them. Simmer them too long and they will turn wrinkly and rather unappetizing.
Add salt to taste and sprinkle with the garam masala, chopped coriander and julienned ginger to serve.


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Spend three full days with University of Wisconsin Head Coach Mike Eaves and the staff of the Wisconsin Badger men's hockey program. Coach Eaves shares strategies, tips and techniques taken from 25 years coaching experience in Europe, the NHL and now with the Badgers , which he led to a national championship title in 2006.
Coach Eaves illustrates how to develop a successful practice using three critical elements for practice design and seven key "in practice" focus areas.
The presentation is filled with drills that demonstrate both individual tactics and team play concepts. The drills vary from simple to complex techniques and move into high tempo team play and competitive team play conditioning situations. Coach Eaves uses a variety of strategies to develop his players including flow, compete, small area games and team play combination drills. Most of the drills in the presentation are designed to accelerate the athlete's skill level and enhance his ability to think and perform "at pace" while maintaining or improving their overall conditioning level.
Follow the philosophy and approach to practice design in Coach Eaves' presentation and your players will develop at an exponential rate. 281 minutes (2 DVDs). 2014.


Buy this issue at the Fine Books store.
A baker's dozen of books and manuscripts reached seven figures at auction over the past year.
An esteemed rare map dealer pocketed at least a hundred maps from university libraries between 2002 and 2005, when he was finally caught.
Your guide to the world of book and fine art collecting, including details on hundreds of events and exhibits to attend, more than 75 clubs or membership libraries to join, and 50 book fairs to browse, plus classes, lectures, and more!


text:
MOON RIVER TRIO - MOON RIVER TRIO (10")
10" (10" Single/EP)
Label: SLEAZY
Catalog no.: SR100000002
New releases from Moon River Trio, new band from member's Nitemares, authentic Rockabilly 50's with the betters musician's rockabillies from Spain!!!
More on the SLEAZY label...
RICH, CHARLIE - MIDNITE BLUES/WHIRLWIND (UNDUBBED)
7" (7" Single/EP) · SLEAZY · 01/05/2012 · in GARAGE / BEAT / SURF / ROCK'N'ROLL
Tracks: Side A: Midnite Blues, Side B: Whirlwind (Undubbed version).
MARKS, DAVID - BACK IN THE GARAGE
CD (Compact Disc) · SLEAZY · 01/10/2016 · in GARAGE / BEAT / SURF / ROCK'N'ROLL
American guitarist, singer and songwriter David Lee Marks is best known as a member of The Beach Boys, with whom he recorded five studio albums, and of whom he was a member from 1962 until 1963, again from 1997 until 1999, and lastly in 2012. Following his initial departure ... read more »
TWANGS, LOS - CHRISTMAS BEAT!!
Limited edition 0f 499 copies in red vinyl. Side A: Los Surfers En El Rio, Christmas Beat!, Side B: Santa Claus, Snow Ball
DEE, CAROL -& THE D-VILS- - SI LO VES ASI
Spanish formation Carol Dee & The D-vils bring this album full of rockabilly, R&B and country. "Si Lo Ves Asi" is their third album in their more than ten years spannig career.
ESTHER & LOS TWANGS - BREBAJE DE AMOR/MY PRAYER
Los Twangs are the doggone kings of Spanish frat rock'n'roll. Their style jumps from surf to rock'n'roll and garage, with a pinch of rockabilly and pop. TRACKS: 1. Brebaje De Amor 2. My Prayer
SMOKESTACK LIGHTNIN' - ONE MAN DOWN/TENNESSEE STUD
Two tracks from this German rock'n'roll band, on 70 gram vinyl.