text:
\section{Introduction}

Glasses are a peculiar state of matter whose mechanical rigidity is similar to that of crystalline solids, while the molecular disorder makes them akin to liquids \cite{berthier}. The significant differences in the thermodynamical and transport properties of glasses as compared to crystalline solids are generally attributed to a universal anomaly in the frequency spectra of atomic vibrations known as the "boson peak". This appears at low energies as an excess in the vibrational density of states (VDOS) compared to the one predicted by the standard Debye theory, and manifests itself in measurements of specific heat and thermal conductivity, as well as scattering of electromagnetic radiation and neutrons.
The lack of a general theory for disordered solids based on first principles is a standing challenge in condensed matter physics.  The theoretical description of the anomalous behavior of disordered solids is a reccurent theme in the literature \cite{livro,berthier}. Interpretations of experimental studies seem to support various hypotheses:  the glass anomaly could be assigned to structural motifs with (quasi-)localized transverse vibrational
modes that resonantly couple with transverse phonons and thus
govern their dissipation \cite{shintani}, or to a broadening of the transverse acoustic van Hove singularity of the corresponding crystal \cite{chumakov}, and still
to the presence of additional vibrational modes
which can be induced solely by structural disorder  \cite{Brink}.  There are mainly two classes in which the theoretical models can be grouped: i) models attributing the boson peak to quasilocalized modes, of non-acoustic nature \cite{Karpov,Laird} and ii) models with broadening of the crystalline van Hove singularity, like those based on randomly fluctuating elastic constants inserted in an otherwise crystalline arrrangement \cite{27}-\cite{29}. There is an impressive array of phenomenological models of glass structure and dynamics (for an inevitably incomplete selection, see Refs. \cite{21}-\cite{33}).
However, none of these advances has allowed the derivation of a complete, widely-accepted theory of amorphous solids. Thus, the physical origin of two most outstanding anomalous behaviors displayed by glasses at intermediate temperatures ($1-40$ K), i.e., the excess of heat capacity and the boson peak, is still under debate.

In this work, we present a novel theory for the vibrations in amorphous solids, relying on the fundamental principle that the disorder in a glass is a reminiscence of the disorder in a fluid. The analytical model for glasses based on this hypohesis naturally contains the boson peak as a manifestation of an extended van Hove singularity.

\section{Fluids in Lagrangian description}

A fluid can be described in the Lagrangian picture (see, e.g., \cite{Mechanics}), in which one follows the motion of each individual fluid particle. The Lagrange coordinates are co-moving with the fluid.
Assuming that the fluid is a continuum, it has been shown \cite{Susskind-Bahcall, Susskind, Jackiw1} that the fluid dynamics encoded in the Lagrangian of the system is invariant under a reparametrization of the coordinates. In the discrete description, this is equivalent to invariance under renaming the arbitrary particle labels. Such
transformations are volume-preserving diffeomorphisms:
\begin{equation}\label{6}
\mathbf x\to \mathbf x'=\mathbf x+\delta\mathbf x, \ \ \ \  \delta \mathbf x=\mathbf f(\mathbf x),
\end{equation}
with
$
\nabla\cdot \mathbf f(\mathbf x)=0.
$
For simplicity, we consider a two-dimensional space. Then the latter condition can be written in terms of a scalar function $f$ as
\begin{equation}\label{8}
f_i(\mathbf x)=\epsilon_{ij}\frac{\partial f}{\partial x_j}.
\end{equation}  It has been proven (see also \cite{Jackiw2, Polyn}) that in this approach, the reparametrization symmetry can be re-cast in the form of noncommuting coordinates, namely by introducing additional Poisson brackets
\begin{equation}
\{x_{i},x_{j}\}=\theta _{ij},  \label{9}
\end{equation}%
with an arbitrary set of constants $\theta_{ij} $. The isotropy of the fluid is ensured through the arbitrariness of the elements of the matrix $\theta_{ij} $. Rescaling $f$ by $\theta^{-1}$, we can re-write $\partial x_i$ as
\begin{equation}\label{10}
\delta x_i=\theta_{ij}\partial_j f=\{x_i,f\}.
\end{equation}
The Poisson brackets \eqref{9} are invariant under the transformations \eqref{10}, the elements $\theta_{ij}$ remaining invariant under the reparametrization of coordinates
\cite{Jackiw1}. The generalization to three- and higher-dimensional spaces is straightforward.

In the quantum treatment of the fluid, the Poisson bracket of coordinates
\eqref{9} becomes the commutator
\begin{equation}
\lbrack \widehat x_{i},\widehat x_{j}]=i\theta _{ij},  \ \ \ i,j=x,y,z,
\label{12}
\end{equation}%
(with an antisymmetric matrix $\theta_{ij}$), which has to be added to the usual canonical commutation relations
\begin{equation}
\lbrack \widehat x_{i},\widehat p_{j}]=i\hbar \delta _{ij},\ \ \ \ [\widehat p_{i},\widehat p_{j}]=0.  \label{13}
\end{equation}
The theory based on the commutators \eqref{12} and \eqref{13} is customarily called noncommutative quantum mechanics.

To the matrix $\theta_{ij}$ we can associate a vector $\vec \theta$, whose components are given by $\theta_i=\epsilon_{ijk}\theta_{jk}$. We note that there are volume-preserving diffeomorphisms which leave invariant
simultaneously $\vec \theta $ and the surface density of particles $\sigma _{0}$ in any plane of the fluid. We expect a relation between these two invariants, which can be derived by analogy with
usual quantum mechanics. In the latter case, the commutation relation
$[\widehat x,\widehat p]=i\hbar $ leads to a quantization of the
two-dimensional phase space in cells of area $2\pi \hbar $. In the case of noncommuting
coordinates, the commutator \eqref{12} leads to a quantization of the
reference configuration space in cells of area $2\pi \theta $. We attribute to this basic
quantum of area the meaning of surface ``occupied'' by a single particle \cite{Susskind}. But  the inverse density of particles has the same
significance, leading to the
relation
\begin{equation}
\theta =\frac{1}{2\pi \sigma _{0}}.  \label{14}
\end{equation}
Incidentally, this approach has been applied to the quantum Hall fluid, providing an alternative description to Laughlin's theory by a noncommutative Chern--Simons quantum field theory \cite{Susskind}.

Let us dwell for a while on the physical significance of the commutator \eqref{12}: its presence in the quantum algebra introduces an additional {\it uncertainty relation}, which manifests itself as a ``blurriness'' of space points. Precise localization, even theoretical, of the particles becomes impossible.
This suggests an intrinsic  ``disorder''. As we shall see further, the dynamics is profoundly affected, by the coupling of vibrational modes specific to noncommutative quantum mechanics.

The dynamics in noncommutative quantum mechanics is described by the Schr\"odinger equation for $N$ degrees of freedom, with the Hamiltonian
\begin{equation}\label{Hamilt_gen}
\widehat H \equiv \sum_i^N \frac{\widehat p_i \widehat p_i}{2M}+ V\left( \widehat x_1,\ldots, \widehat x_N\right),
\end{equation}
where the canonical coordinates $\widehat x_i,\widehat p_i, i=1,\ldots,N$ satisfy the extended Heisenberg algebra \eqref{12}-\eqref{13}. The mathematical manipulations are considerably simplified by noting (see, e.g., \cite{CDP_98, Bigatti_Susskind}) that the shifted coordinates
\begin{eqnarray}\label{Bopp}
\widehat X_{i} = \widehat x_i + \frac{1}{2\hbar} \theta_{ij}\widehat p_{j},\ \ \ \
\widehat{P}_{i}= \widehat p_{i}
\end{eqnarray}
satisfy the usual Heisenberg algebra $[\widehat X_i,\widehat P_j]=i\hbar\delta_{ij}$, $[\widehat X_i,\widehat X_j]=0$, $[\widehat P_i,\widehat P_j]=0$ (summation over the repeated index is assumed in \eqref{Bopp}). This allows a physical interpretation of the $\theta$-term in \eqref{Bopp} as a quantum shift operator  \cite{Anca}, namely, a translation in space by $\frac{1}{2\hbar} \theta_{ij}\widehat p_{j}$, while $X_{i}$ is the classical geometrical coordinate. This technique has been used for deriving noncommutative space corrections to various quantum mechanical phenomena, for example, the Lamb shift \cite{Tureanu}. If the potential energy in \eqref{Hamilt_gen} is of the harmonic oscillator type, then, when the shift \eqref{Bopp} is applied to $H \left(\widehat{ x},\widehat{ p}\right)$, one obtains a Hamiltonian $H (\widehat X,\widehat P)$ consisting of a sum of usual quantum mechanical harmonic oscillators plus an additional interaction term proportional to the noncommutativity parameter.

\section{Model for glassy materials: reduced specific heat and the boson peak}

The glass structure model we propose avails itself of the noncommutative fluid picture. Glasses are not normal liquids due to their {\it rigidity}, nor regular solids, due to their {\it disorder}.
The rigidity is introduced by means of a simple cubic lattice. The disorder reminiscent of the fluid which was quenched into the glass will be implemented through the noncommutative quantum algebra \eqref{12}-\eqref{13}.

We assume the glass composed of a simple cubic lattice of neutral atoms of mass $M$, with the unit cell vector $a$. The dynamics of the disordered lattice is described by a noncommutative harmonic oscillator potential function and we consider harmonic interactions only between the first neighbors of the atoms in a lattice. We take the vector $\vec\theta$ with equal projections denoted by $\theta$ on the coordinate axes, i.e. on the directions of the edges of the unit cells. Let us analyze the atom indexed by the integer labels ${lmn}$. The quantum coordinate operators which define it are $\widehat x_{lmn}={l}\,a+\widehat u^x_{lmn}$, $\widehat y_{lmn}={m}\,a+\widehat u^y_{lmn}$, $\widehat z_{lmn}={n}\,a+\widehat u^z_{lmn}$, where $\widehat u^i$, with $i= x,y,z$, denote generically the displacement operators from the lattice site in the corresponding direction. The Hamiltonian
governing the time evolution
of the atom $({lmn})$ is then
\begin{eqnarray} \label{ham}
\widehat H_{lmn} & =&\sum_{i=x,y,z}\frac{1}{2M}\left(\widehat{p}^i_{lmn}\right)^{2} \\
& +&\frac{M\omega_{0}^{2}}{2}\left[\left(\widehat u^x_{lmn}-\widehat u^x_{l-1mn}\right)^{2}+\left(\widehat u^x_{l+1mn}-\widehat u^x_{lmn}\right)^{2}\right]\cr
& +&\frac{M\omega_{0}^{2}}{2}\left[\left(\widehat u^y_{lmn}-\widehat u^y_{lm-1n}\right)^{2}+\left(\widehat u^y_{lm+1n}-\widehat u^y_{lmn}\right)^{2}\right]\cr
& +&\frac{M\omega_{0}^{2}}{2}\left[\left(\widehat u^z_{lmn}-\widehat u^z_{lmn-1}\right)^{2}+\left(\widehat u^z_{lmn+1}-\widehat u^z_{lmn}\right)^{2}\right]\nonumber,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\widehat{p}_{lmn}^{i}$ is the momentum canonically conjugated to the displacement $\widehat u^i_{lmn}$ and $\omega_0$ is the usual harmonic oscillator frequency.

In order to make sure that the disorder effects are not doubly-counted, nor washed out, we make an additional assumption about the dynamics of the atoms on the lattice. Namely, we consider an alternation of ordered and disordered atoms. By {\it ordered atoms}, we mean atoms whose quantum coordinates and momenta satisfy the usual Heisenberg algebra, i.e. whose coordinate operators commute. By {\it disordered atoms}, we mean atoms whose coordinates and momenta satisfy the noncommutative space algebra \eqref{12}-\eqref{13}. The arrangement of the lattice is such that one ordered atom is surrounded by disordered first neighbors and vice-versa. Due to the elastic couplings, the equations of motion of the so-called ordered atoms will be also influenced by the disorder of their neighbors, such that the lattice as a whole will be disordered.

Let us specify the Hamiltonian \eqref{ham} for the two types of atoms. Considering that the atom $lmn$ is a disordered one, which suffers itself the effects of the noncommutativity of coordinates, we perform the shift \eqref{Bopp} by replacing in \eqref{ham}
\begin{eqnarray}
\widehat{u}^i_{lmn}&=&\widehat U^i_{lmn}-\frac{1}{2\hbar}\theta_{ij}\widehat P_{lmn}^j,
\end{eqnarray}
while for all the displacements of the nearest neighbors we have $\widehat u^i_{l+1mn}= \widehat U^i_{l+1mn}$ etc.

If the generic atom $lmn$ is a ordered one, the shifts \eqref{Bopp} in the Hamiltonian \eqref{ham} have to be performed for the coordinates of the neighbors, i.e.
\begin{eqnarray}
\widehat{u}^x_{l\pm1mn}=\widehat U^x_{l\pm1mn}-\frac{1}{2\hbar}\theta_{xj}\widehat P_{l\pm1mn}^{j}, \ \  j=y,z,
\end{eqnarray}
while $\widehat u^i_{lmn}=\widehat U^i_{lmn}$, for $i=x,y,z$.
In both cases,
$
\widehat{p}_{lmn}^{i}=\widehat P_{lmn}^{i} .
$

The equations of motion are obtained by applying the Heisenberg equations
$
i\hbar\frac{d\widehat O\left(t\right)}{dt}=\left[\widehat O\left(t\right), H\right],
$
taking into account the canonical commutation relations
\begin{eqnarray}
\left[\widehat U_{lmn}^{i},\widehat P_{l^{\prime }m^{\prime }n^{\prime }}^{i'}\right]
=i\hbar\delta^{ii'}\delta_{ll^{\prime }}\delta_{mm^{\prime }}\delta_{nn^{\prime }},\cr
\left[\widehat U_{lmn}^{i},\widehat U_{l^{\prime }m^{\prime }n^{\prime }}^{i'}\right]=\left[\widehat P_{lmn}^{i},\widehat P_{l^{\prime }m^{\prime }n^{\prime }}^{i'}\right]=0.
\end{eqnarray}

The equations of motion (see Appendices) are differential equations which couple displacements in all three directions.   We introduce the notation \textcolor{black}{$\omega_{\theta}= \frac{\hbar}{M \theta}$} and $R=\omega_0/\omega_\theta$. The latter is a dimensionless expansion parameter, proportional to $\theta$. We have retained only terms up to the second order in $R$, as this parameter is expected to be very small. This expectation will be fully justified later, in the comparison with the experimental data.

Further, we use Born's approach to the vibrations of a lattice, expanding in Fourier series the operators
\begin{equation}\label{Fourier_solution}
\hat U^i_{lmn}=\sum_{\mathbf k}\hat{\cal U}^{i}_{\mathbf k}\exp \left[ i\left( \omega_{\mathbf k} t+a(lk_x+mk_y+n k_z) \right)\right],
\end{equation}
and applying the Born--von K\'{a}rm\'{a}n boundary conditions (see, e.g., \cite{Kantorovich}). In the above expression, $k_i$ represent the wave vector projections and $\omega_{\mathbf k}$ the mode vibration frequencies. We obtain the dispersion relations by inserting the expansion \eqref{Fourier_solution} into the equations of motion.

So far, the model has two sources of anisotropy: the crystal lattice and the vector  $\vec \theta$. As far as the noncommutativity is concerned, the disorder effect is manifest only in the plane orthogonal to $\vec\theta$, and not in the direction of $\vec \theta$. In order to render the model isotropic, we choose as representative axis one of the coordinates axes (e.g. $Oz$), and determine the dispersion relations for it, $\omega_{k_z}(k_z)$. With our choice of $\vec\theta$ having equal projections on the coordinate axes, we insure that the disorder induced by noncommutativity is similar along $Oz$ and in the plane orthogonal to it. Subsequently, we replicate the $Oz$ axis by rotational symmetry to all the directions of the Cartesian frame, i.e. $\omega_{k_z}(k_z)\to \omega_{\mathbf k}(|\mathbf k|)$, by replacing in $\omega_{k_z}(k_z)$ everywhere $k_z$ by $|\mathbf k|$.

The isotropised model gives the following dispersion relations:
\begin{equation}
 k _{x}^{2}+k _{y}^{2}+k _{z}^{2} =\frac{1}{a^2}\frac{\omega_{\mathbf k}
^{2}\left({\omega_{\mathbf k} ^{2}}/{\omega _{0}^{2}} -3R^{2}\right) }{\omega_{\mathbf k} ^{2}\left( 1+R^{2}\right)-\omega
_{0}^{2}R^{2} } , \label{disp_D}
\end{equation}
for disordered atoms, and
\begin{equation}
 k _{x}^{2}+k _{y}^{2}+k _{z}^{2} =\frac{1}{a^2}\frac{\omega_{\mathbf k}
^{2}\left({\omega_{\mathbf k} ^{2}}/{\omega _{0}^{2}} -3R^{2}\right) }{\omega_{\mathbf k} ^{2}-\omega
_{0}^{2}R^{2} } , \label{disp_O}
\end{equation}
for ordered atoms. These expressions are obtained in the small-angle approximation (i.e. $\sin(ak_i)\approx ak_i$), but they are valid with excellent accuracy over the whole Brillouin zone, due to the smallness of the $R$-parameter (for $R=0.1$, the ratio between the approximate and the exact values of the frequency at the border of the Brillouin zone, where the discrepancy is maximal, is about 1.5 \%).	 We obtain three degenerated acoustic and three optical branches, the latter being a pure noncommutativity effect.

Due to the rotational symmetry, the VDOS is easily derived from \eqref{disp_D} and \eqref{disp_O} using standard methods, with the result:
\begin{equation}\label{g_glass}
g_{glass}\left( \omega \right) =g_{O}\left( \omega \right) \left[ 1+\frac{%
\omega ^{2}}{\omega _{0}^{2}R^{2}}\left\vert \frac{\frac{\omega ^{2}}{\omega
_{0}^{2}R^{2}}-2-\frac{3}{2}\frac{\omega ^{2}}{\omega _{0}^{2}}}{\left( 1-%
\frac{\omega ^{2}}{\omega _{0}^{2}R^{2}}\right) ^{2}}\right\vert \right],
\end{equation}%
where
\begin{equation}\label{g_ordered}
g_{O}\left( \omega \right) =3\frac{V}{(2\pi)^2}\frac{1}{a^3}\frac{\omega ^{2}}{\omega _{0}^{3}}\sqrt{%
\left\vert \frac{3-\frac{\omega ^{2}}{\omega _{0}^{2}R^{2}}}{1-\frac{\omega
^{2}}{\omega _{0}^{2}R^{2}}}\right\vert }
\end{equation}%
is the contribution to VDOS from the ordered atoms. We note the divergence in
VDOS, i.e. a van Hove singularity, which occurs for $\omega _{\mathrm{div}}=\omega _{0}R$. In the limit $\theta \rightarrow 0$, we recover the VDOS of a usual simple cubic lattice with one atom per cell.

The reduced specific heat is determined from the following expression (see, e.g., \cite{Kantorovich})
\begin{equation}\label{specific_heat}
\frac{C}{T^3}=\int_0^{\omega_{\rm{max}}} \frac{ \hbar^2 \omega^2}{k_{B}T^5}\frac{N_A}{Z} \frac{e^{\hbar\omega/k_{B}T}}{(e^{\hbar\omega/k_{B}T}-1)^2} g_{glass}(\omega) d\omega,
\end{equation}
in which $Z$ is the number of formula units per unit cell (in our model, $Z=1$) and $k_B$ is the Boltzmann constant. We take $\omega _{\mathrm{max}%
}=\sqrt 3\omega _{0}R$ as the frequency of the optical branches at $\mathbf k=0$.

The motif of the disordered lattice can be a single atom, a small molecule, a protein or any combination thereof. Hereafter, three distinct disordered materials, amorphous silicon ($a$-Si) \cite{queen}, vitreous GeO$_2$ \cite{GeO2} and $\alpha -n-$Ba$_{8}$Ga$_{16}$Sn$_{30}$ clathrate \cite{BGS}, are considered. The model has two free parameters: the characteristic frequency  $\omega_0$ and the noncommutativity parameter $\theta$.  They are determined by fitting the theoretical curve \eqref{specific_heat} to the experimental data, such that the frequency and reduced specific heat at the peak match (see table \ref{TableA}). In Fig.~\ref{FigureA} is shown the remarkable agreement around the peak between the experimental curves and the theoretical predictions of our model based on liquid-type disorder effects.

Let us recall the physical meaning of the parameter $\theta$: according to \eqref{14}, $2\pi\theta=\frac{1}{\sigma_0}$ is the area ``occupied'' by a particle in the quantized configuration space, or the area within which the uncertainty in the position of the particle is significant. On the other hand, the mass density of the glass leads to a value of the average interatomic distance $a$, which we consider to be the lattice spacing for our model. We note that the ratio $2\pi\theta/a^2$ is of the same order of magnitude for the analyzed glasses (see table \ref{TableA}). It would be interesting to investigate whether this regularity is valid for other glasses as well and find its physical significance.

\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Glassy material & $R$ & $\omega _{0}\left( \times 10^{14}\right) $ & $\omega
_{\theta }\left( \times 10^{15}\right) $ & $\omega _{\mathrm{div}}\left(
\times 10^{12}\right) $ & $2\pi \theta \left( \times 10^{-24}\right) $ & $%
N\left( \times 10^{28}\right) $ & $a^{2}\left( \times 10^{-20}\right) $ & $%
T_{\mathrm{peak}}$ \\ \hline
$a$-Si & $0.0478$ & $4.916$ & $10.285$ & $23.500$ & $1.382$ & $4.710$ & $%
5.523$ & $35$ \\ \hline
$a$-GeO$_{2}$ & $0.0668$ & $1.003$ & $1.501$ & $6.700$ & $2.518$ & $2.655$ &
$8.066$ & $10$ \\ \hline
$\alpha n$BGS clathrate & $0.290$ & $0.241$ & $0.083$ & $7.000$ & $31.504$ &
$0.392$ & $34.106$ & $10.32$ \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Characteristic parameters for various glasses. All frequencies in rad s$^{-1}$. The value of $\theta $ (in m$^{-2}$) is determined from the relation $\omega _{\mathrm{div}%
}=\omega _{0}R$, using the experimental curves. $N$ is the number density in m$^{-3}$, whereas $a$ is the lattice spacing for our model in m$^{2}$. $T_{\mathrm{peak}}$ is the temperature at the peak of the reduced specific heat in K.}
\label{TableA}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[h]
\subfloat[Subfigure 1 list of figures text][Amorphous silicon]  {\
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{aSi.pdf}} ~
\subfloat[Subfigure 1 list of figures text][Amorphous germanium dioxide]  {\
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{aGeO2.pdf}} ~
\subfloat[Subfigure 1 list of figures text][$\alpha -n-$Ba$_{8}$Ga$_{16}$Sn$_{30}$ clathrate]  {\
\includegraphics[width=6cm]{ClathrateSCAN.pdf}}
\caption{\textbf{Experimental data versus theoretical prediction.} Experimental data for (a) amorphous silicon ($a$-Si) \cite{queen}; (b) amorphous germanium dioxide ($a$-GeO$_{2}$) \cite{GeO2}; (c) $\alpha -n-$Ba$_{8}$Ga$_{16}$Sn$_{30}$ clathrate \cite{BGS}, respectively, given by the empty balls. The theoretical
prediction according to \eqref{specific_heat} is represented by the solid line.} \label{FigureA}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusions and outlook}

In summary, an amorphous solid can be interpreted as a system with a frozen-in liquid-type of disorder, implemented mathematically as a noncommutative algebra of coordinate operators. Intuitively, this is equivalent to a blurriness or uncertainty in the positions of the particles that form the glass. However, this is not a simple positional disorder, as the delocalization depends essentially on the momenta of the particles -- a feature specific to noncommuting coordinates. The quantum mechanical model we propose is developed from first principles and permits the derivation of {\it analytic} formulas for the density of states and specific heat of the glass. Other important features of the model are its simplicity and the very small number of free parameters ($\omega_0$ and $\theta$, the former connected to the electromagnetic interactions among the glass particles and the latter being a measure of the disorder). This new theory naturally accounts for the excess of heat capacity and the boson peak phenomena (see Fig. \ref{FigureA}), which are manifestations of a pronounced divergence in the density of states in the acoustic branches, i.e. a van Hove singularity. The universality of the model is  confirmed by the excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and the experimental specific heat data around the peak for an array of diverse glasses.

Glasses are complex systems, and their quantum behaviour at different temperatures is dominated by different aspects of their structure and dynamics. We remark that the departure of the experimental curves from the analytic curve is natural at temperatures further away from the peak, since formula for VDOS \eqref{g_glass} includes only the contribution of acoustic modes of the noncommutative simple cubic lattice with nearest-neighbor interactions. The model can be refined by including the next-to-nearest neighbor couplings, in which case we expect to see the peak in the transverse acoustic branch. It is also interesting to study whether adopting in the model the actual lattice type of the crystal counterpart of the analyzed glasses would improve the agreement with experimental data. A more
detailed analysis of the structural and dynamical aspects of the model is in progress  \cite{work in progress}.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors are particularly grateful to R. Bufalo and M. Chaichian for
valuable discussions and advice.
We are also
grateful to F. Hellman for kindly sharing the
experimental data for amorphous silicon.
T.~R.~Cardoso thanks  B.~M.~Pimentel for discussions on noncommutative field theories and
H.~S.~Martinho for discussions on the structure of glasses and, in particular, for drawing her attention to the clathrate literature and data. The financial support of FAPESP through Project no. $2016/03921-8$, and the Academy of Finland through
the Projects no. 136539 and 272919 is acknowledged.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/usb/video.h>

#include "f_uvc.h"

/*
 * Kbuild is not very cooperative with respect to linking separately
 * compiled library objects into one module.  So for now we won't use
 * separate compilation ... ensuring init/exit sections work to shrink
 * the runtime footprint, and giving us at least some parts of what
 * a "gcc --combine ... part1.c part2.c part3.c ... " build would.
 */
#include "composite.c"
#include "usbstring.c"
#include "config.c"
#include "epautoconf.c"

#include "uvc_queue.c"
#include "uvc_video.c"
#include "uvc_v4l2.c"
#include "f_uvc.c"

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Device descriptor
 */

#define WEBCAM_VENDOR_ID		0x1d6b	/* Linux Foundation */
#define WEBCAM_PRODUCT_ID		0x0102	/* Webcam A/V gadget */
#define WEBCAM_DEVICE_BCD		0x0010	/* 0.10 */

static char webcam_vendor_label[] = "Linux Foundation";
static char webcam_product_label[] = "Webcam gadget";
static char webcam_config_label[] = "Video";

/* string IDs are assigned dynamically */

#define STRING_MANUFACTURER_IDX		0
#define STRING_PRODUCT_IDX		1
#define STRING_DESCRIPTION_IDX		2

static struct usb_string webcam_strings[] = {
	[STRING_MANUFACTURER_IDX].s = webcam_vendor_label,
	[STRING_PRODUCT_IDX].s = webcam_product_label,
	[STRING_DESCRIPTION_IDX].s = webcam_config_label,
	{  }
};

static struct usb_gadget_strings webcam_stringtab = {
	.language = 0x0409,	/* en-us */
	.strings = webcam_strings,
};

static struct usb_gadget_strings *webcam_device_strings[] = {
	&webcam_stringtab,
	NULL,
};

static struct usb_device_descriptor webcam_device_descriptor = {
	.bLength		= USB_DT_DEVICE_SIZE,
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_DEVICE,
	.bcdUSB			= cpu_to_le16(0x0200),
	.bDeviceClass		= USB_CLASS_MISC,
	.bDeviceSubClass	= 0x02,
	.bDeviceProtocol	= 0x01,
	.bMaxPacketSize0	= 0, /* dynamic */
	.idVendor		= cpu_to_le16(WEBCAM_VENDOR_ID),
	.idProduct		= cpu_to_le16(WEBCAM_PRODUCT_ID),
	.bcdDevice		= cpu_to_le16(WEBCAM_DEVICE_BCD),
	.iManufacturer		= 0, /* dynamic */
	.iProduct		= 0, /* dynamic */
	.iSerialNumber		= 0, /* dynamic */
	.bNumConfigurations	= 0, /* dynamic */
};

DECLARE_UVC_HEADER_DESCRIPTOR(1);

static const struct UVC_HEADER_DESCRIPTOR(1) uvc_control_header = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_HEADER_SIZE(1),
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VC_HEADER,
	.bcdUVC			= cpu_to_le16(0x0100),
	.wTotalLength		= 0, /* dynamic */
	.dwClockFrequency	= cpu_to_le32(48000000),
	.bInCollection		= 0, /* dynamic */
	.baInterfaceNr[0]	= 0, /* dynamic */
};

static const struct uvc_camera_terminal_descriptor uvc_camera_terminal = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_CAMERA_TERMINAL_SIZE(3),
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VC_INPUT_TERMINAL,
	.bTerminalID		= 1,
	.wTerminalType		= cpu_to_le16(0x0201),
	.bAssocTerminal		= 0,
	.iTerminal		= 0,
	.wObjectiveFocalLengthMin	= cpu_to_le16(0),
	.wObjectiveFocalLengthMax	= cpu_to_le16(0),
	.wOcularFocalLength		= cpu_to_le16(0),
	.bControlSize		= 3,
	.bmControls[0]		= 2,
	.bmControls[1]		= 0,
	.bmControls[2]		= 0,
};

static const struct uvc_processing_unit_descriptor uvc_processing = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_PROCESSING_UNIT_SIZE(2),
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VC_PROCESSING_UNIT,
	.bUnitID		= 2,
	.bSourceID		= 1,
	.wMaxMultiplier		= cpu_to_le16(16*1024),
	.bControlSize		= 2,
	.bmControls[0]		= 1,
	.bmControls[1]		= 0,
	.iProcessing		= 0,
};

static const struct uvc_output_terminal_descriptor uvc_output_terminal = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_OUTPUT_TERMINAL_SIZE,
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VC_OUTPUT_TERMINAL,
	.bTerminalID		= 3,
	.wTerminalType		= cpu_to_le16(0x0101),
	.bAssocTerminal		= 0,
	.bSourceID		= 2,
	.iTerminal		= 0,
};

DECLARE_UVC_INPUT_HEADER_DESCRIPTOR(1, 2);

static const struct UVC_INPUT_HEADER_DESCRIPTOR(1, 2) uvc_input_header = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_INPUT_HEADER_SIZE(1, 2),
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VS_INPUT_HEADER,
	.bNumFormats		= 2,
	.wTotalLength		= 0, /* dynamic */
	.bEndpointAddress	= 0, /* dynamic */
	.bmInfo			= 0,
	.bTerminalLink		= 3,
	.bStillCaptureMethod	= 0,
	.bTriggerSupport	= 0,
	.bTriggerUsage		= 0,
	.bControlSize		= 1,
	.bmaControls[0][0]	= 0,
	.bmaControls[1][0]	= 4,
};

static const struct uvc_format_uncompressed uvc_format_yuv = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_FORMAT_UNCOMPRESSED_SIZE,
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VS_FORMAT_UNCOMPRESSED,
	.bFormatIndex		= 1,
	.bNumFrameDescriptors	= 2,
	.guidFormat		=
		{ 'Y',  'U',  'Y',  '2', 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00,
		 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71},
	.bBitsPerPixel		= 16,
	.bDefaultFrameIndex	= 1,
	.bAspectRatioX		= 0,
	.bAspectRatioY		= 0,
	.bmInterfaceFlags	= 0,
	.bCopyProtect		= 0,
};

DECLARE_UVC_FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED(1);
DECLARE_UVC_FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED(3);

static const struct UVC_FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED(3) uvc_frame_yuv_360p = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED_SIZE(3),
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VS_FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED,
	.bFrameIndex		= 1,
	.bmCapabilities		= 0,
	.wWidth			= cpu_to_le16(640),
	.wHeight		= cpu_to_le16(360),
	.dwMinBitRate		= cpu_to_le32(18432000),
	.dwMaxBitRate		= cpu_to_le32(55296000),
	.dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize	= cpu_to_le32(460800),
	.dwDefaultFrameInterval	= cpu_to_le32(666666),
	.bFrameIntervalType	= 3,
	.dwFrameInterval[0]	= cpu_to_le32(666666),
	.dwFrameInterval[1]	= cpu_to_le32(1000000),
	.dwFrameInterval[2]	= cpu_to_le32(5000000),
};

static const struct UVC_FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED(1) uvc_frame_yuv_720p = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED_SIZE(1),
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VS_FRAME_UNCOMPRESSED,
	.bFrameIndex		= 2,
	.bmCapabilities		= 0,
	.wWidth			= cpu_to_le16(1280),
	.wHeight		= cpu_to_le16(720),
	.dwMinBitRate		= cpu_to_le32(29491200),
	.dwMaxBitRate		= cpu_to_le32(29491200),
	.dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize	= cpu_to_le32(1843200),
	.dwDefaultFrameInterval	= cpu_to_le32(5000000),
	.bFrameIntervalType	= 1,
	.dwFrameInterval[0]	= cpu_to_le32(5000000),
};

static const struct uvc_format_mjpeg uvc_format_mjpg = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_FORMAT_MJPEG_SIZE,
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VS_FORMAT_MJPEG,
	.bFormatIndex		= 2,
	.bNumFrameDescriptors	= 2,
	.bmFlags		= 0,
	.bDefaultFrameIndex	= 1,
	.bAspectRatioX		= 0,
	.bAspectRatioY		= 0,
	.bmInterfaceFlags	= 0,
	.bCopyProtect		= 0,
};

DECLARE_UVC_FRAME_MJPEG(1);
DECLARE_UVC_FRAME_MJPEG(3);

static const struct UVC_FRAME_MJPEG(3) uvc_frame_mjpg_360p = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_FRAME_MJPEG_SIZE(3),
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VS_FRAME_MJPEG,
	.bFrameIndex		= 1,
	.bmCapabilities		= 0,
	.wWidth			= cpu_to_le16(640),
	.wHeight		= cpu_to_le16(360),
	.dwMinBitRate		= cpu_to_le32(18432000),
	.dwMaxBitRate		= cpu_to_le32(55296000),
	.dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize	= cpu_to_le32(460800),
	.dwDefaultFrameInterval	= cpu_to_le32(666666),
	.bFrameIntervalType	= 3,
	.dwFrameInterval[0]	= cpu_to_le32(666666),
	.dwFrameInterval[1]	= cpu_to_le32(1000000),
	.dwFrameInterval[2]	= cpu_to_le32(5000000),
};

static const struct UVC_FRAME_MJPEG(1) uvc_frame_mjpg_720p = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_FRAME_MJPEG_SIZE(1),
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VS_FRAME_MJPEG,
	.bFrameIndex		= 2,
	.bmCapabilities		= 0,
	.wWidth			= cpu_to_le16(1280),
	.wHeight		= cpu_to_le16(720),
	.dwMinBitRate		= cpu_to_le32(29491200),
	.dwMaxBitRate		= cpu_to_le32(29491200),
	.dwMaxVideoFrameBufferSize	= cpu_to_le32(1843200),
	.dwDefaultFrameInterval	= cpu_to_le32(5000000),
	.bFrameIntervalType	= 1,
	.dwFrameInterval[0]	= cpu_to_le32(5000000),
};

static const struct uvc_color_matching_descriptor uvc_color_matching = {
	.bLength		= UVC_DT_COLOR_MATCHING_SIZE,
	.bDescriptorType	= USB_DT_CS_INTERFACE,
	.bDescriptorSubType	= UVC_VS_COLORFORMAT,
	.bColorPrimaries	= 1,
	.bTransferCharacteristics	= 1,
	.bMatrixCoefficients	= 4,
};

static const struct uvc_descriptor_header * const uvc_control_cls[] = {
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_control_header,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_camera_terminal,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_processing,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_output_terminal,
	NULL,
};

static const struct uvc_descriptor_header * const uvc_fs_streaming_cls[] = {
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_input_header,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_format_yuv,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_frame_yuv_360p,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_frame_yuv_720p,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_format_mjpg,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_frame_mjpg_360p,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_frame_mjpg_720p,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_color_matching,
	NULL,
};

static const struct uvc_descriptor_header * const uvc_hs_streaming_cls[] = {
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_input_header,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_format_yuv,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_frame_yuv_360p,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_frame_yuv_720p,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_format_mjpg,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_frame_mjpg_360p,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_frame_mjpg_720p,
	(const struct uvc_descriptor_header *) &uvc_color_matching,
	NULL,
};

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * USB configuration
 */

static int __init
webcam_config_bind(struct usb_configuration *c)
{
	return uvc_bind_config(c, uvc_control_cls, uvc_fs_streaming_cls,
			       uvc_hs_streaming_cls);
}

static struct usb_configuration webcam_config_driver = {
	.label			= webcam_config_label,
	.bConfigurationValue	= 1,
	.iConfiguration		= 0, /* dynamic */
	.bmAttributes		= USB_CONFIG_ATT_SELFPOWER,
	.bMaxPower		= CONFIG_USB_GADGET_VBUS_DRAW / 2,
};

static int /* __init_or_exit */
webcam_unbind(struct usb_composite_dev *cdev)
{
	return 0;
}

static int __init
webcam_bind(struct usb_composite_dev *cdev)
{
	int ret;

	/* Allocate string descriptor numbers ... note that string contents
	 * can be overridden by the composite_dev glue.
	 */
	if ((ret = usb_string_id(cdev)) < 0)
		goto error;
	webcam_strings[STRING_MANUFACTURER_IDX].id = ret;
	webcam_device_descriptor.iManufacturer = ret;

	if ((ret = usb_string_id(cdev)) < 0)
		goto error;
	webcam_strings[STRING_PRODUCT_IDX].id = ret;
	webcam_device_descriptor.iProduct = ret;

	if ((ret = usb_string_id(cdev)) < 0)
		goto error;
	webcam_strings[STRING_DESCRIPTION_IDX].id = ret;
	webcam_config_driver.iConfiguration = ret;

	/* Register our configuration. */
	if ((ret = usb_add_config(cdev, &webcam_config_driver,
					webcam_config_bind)) < 0)
		goto error;

	INFO(cdev, "Webcam Video Gadget\n");
	return 0;

error:
	webcam_unbind(cdev);
	return ret;
}

/* --------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Driver
 */

static struct usb_composite_driver webcam_driver = {
	.name		= "g_webcam",
	.dev		= &webcam_device_descriptor,
	.strings	= webcam_device_strings,
	.max_speed	= USB_SPEED_HIGH,
	.unbind		= webcam_unbind,
};

static int __init
webcam_init(void)
{
	return usb_composite_probe(&webcam_driver, webcam_bind);
}

static void __exit
webcam_cleanup(void)
{
	usb_composite_unregister(&webcam_driver);
}

module_init(webcam_init);
module_exit(webcam_cleanup);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Laurent Pinchart");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Webcam Video Gadget");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_VERSION("0.1.0");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Bernard Lyle "Bernie" Goskie, 91, of Cape Girardeau, formerly of Marble Hill, Mo., died Thursday, March 24, 2011, at the Missouri Veterans Home.
He was born Oct. 15, 1919, in Thebes, Ill., son of John and Ethel Cox Goskie.
Survivors include his wife of 65 years, the former Merle Mae Harlan; a sister, Juanita Vail of Grassy, Mo.; four children, Troy Goskie (Gloria) of Eugene, Ore., Diana Beattie (Don) of Jackson, Gina Sinecki (Scott) and Mitch Goskie (Jeanne) of Nashville, Tenn.; six grandchildren; and 11 great-grandchildren.
Goskie served in the U.S. Army during World War II, stationed in several war zones in Europe.
He was happy to come home to Missouri when the war was over, marry his sweetheart and raise his family. He was well-known around Marble Hill for his keen mechanical ability, working in the field of auto, truck and bus mechanics most of his adult life. His happiest hours were spent bending over the engine of a car or playing poker with the late Tom Runnels and friends, or driving the country roads in the area.
His generous spirit and gentle humor will be missed by all who loved him.
The funeral was March 27 at Liley Funeral Home in Marble Hill, with the Rev. Fred Ritter officiating.
Interment was in Bollinger County Memorial Park Cemetery with full military honors.


Fiberglass entry double door from contemporary collection (Avenue series) with stainless steel frame on top of 5 glass inserts - model AV17.
Fiberglass exterior door with two full glass sidelites from contemporary collection with stainless steel frame on top of 5 glass inserts - model AV17. It is custom build, pre-hung system with contemporary profile PVC frame. This door with a lifetime quality and durability that will outlast any wood or steel door product.


You have found the original "Nashville Skydiving", also known as The Tenn-Ky Skydiving Center, we are located at the Russellville Logan Co. Airport and serving the Southern Kentucky and the Middle Tennessee areas. We also serve Music City and Bowling Green as well as Clarksville, Portland, Munfordville, Cave City, Paducah and Scottsville.
We are located 14 miles west of Franklin, 65 minutes north of Nashville and 35 minutes south of Bowling green. We are also approx. 40 minutes east of Hopkinsville, 35 minutes north-west of Gallatin and 55 minutes north of Rivergate and only 20 minutes north of Springfield, Tenn.
Here are a few links to skydiving resources on the web.
For all of your skydiving needs or if you've ever dreamed of Parachute Jumping from Airplanes, come see us. We are one of the premier Skydive Schools in the region.
We offer Tandem Skydives during which you will experience the thrill of Free Fall for approx. 45 to 50 seconds. Then your Parachute will be opened and you will enjoy the beautiful scenic landscape of Southern Central Kentucky. You will then understand why Skydivers and Thrill Seekers alike love to skydive and experience the art of Body Flight. We also offer Static Line Skydives as one of our forms of Skydiving Instruction. Prior to your Static Line Sky dive, you will recieve approx. 5 hours of Skydiving Lessons. Once this is completed, you will be properly fitted with one of our Parachute Rigs, and all related Parachute Equipment. You will then board the Aircraft and climb to the exit altitude where you will then step out of the aircraft. When you are ready, you will exit the aircraft and your parachute will open automatically. You will then be flying the parachute over the Parachute Center all the way to a tip-toe landing. We have a very friendly and knowledgeable staff assisting you in any way we can.
We also offer skydiving video and aerial photography of your skydiving experience. We are the original "Nashville Skydiving" for over twenty years and we are the Skydive Center that Is just minutes from Greenbrier, Millersville, Ridgetop, Goodlettsville and Hendersonville. We are one of the great entertainment venues of the region vivaling most amusement parks and a great addition to your travel plans for the Tn or Ky areas. We have even been considered to be one of the great tourist attractions near Music City.
As a skydiving school, we own a large amount of skydiving gear, including all the personal gear anyone could need. We also sell gear to anyone who is looking to get into skydiving and wants to own their own setup. Finally, since we have strict standards for when we retire our parachutes and other gear, we routinely need to get rid of large quantities of fabric and webbing. Rather than just throw away these materials, we have reached an agreement with Thomas Tibco to create a line of laptop bags for women out of our recycled retired parachutes and harnesses. While this is an unconventional idea for sure, we think the design is fantastic, and women will really love the style, function, and recycled materials, and one of them even qualifies as a TSA backpack. Additionally, owning a laptop bag made of recycled parachutes and harnesses will tell everyone that you're not a delicate flower type of lady, but rather a tough, take-charge woman who's not afraid to take risks and face down fear. Take a look!


Constant amendments to the laws on occupational safety require an organisation to make continuous adaptations to new or amended legislation. Modern occupational safety encompasses an increasingly holistic view, which combines prevention, appropriate handling of risks, implementation of necessary safeguards and protective measures and the health & well-being of the staff. The introduction of OHSAS 18001 offers a practical approach to comply with the requirements of the legislation on occupational safety.
In our data base for certification you will find all organisations which are successfully certified according to BS OHSAS 18001 and may label this with the logo "ift certified".


text:
Not vintage, but it'll do
By Liverpool Offside Archives Oct 19, 2006, 8:46am BST
Share All sharing options for: Not vintage, but it'll do
Well, I've seen better, but this one I actually didn't see as much as I would have liked to pass before my eyes. Not getting Setanta Sports at home, I had to trudge down to the pub and watch the match, while Chelsea and Barcelona duked it out on the bar's other big-screen TV. Despite my Reds allegiance, I'll admit it's hard to keep my eyes off Barca and the Blues playing in Europe when it's right there. Glancing back and forth between matches and being forced to leave for work in the 70th minute meant I only took in a rough approximation of the match.
What I did see, however, wasn't breathtaking, but Crouch took care of the hard bits and Liverpool moves closer to qualification for the round of 16 in the Champions League. Good enough. Job done. On to Old Trafford.
What I'm wondering more about was the lack of Carlsberg getting its money's worth on the shirt. I'm guessing it's because France has some kind of "No beer on the shirt" rule for matches played on its soil. What's the deal? Bordeaux is a little sensitive about competition for its renowned grape byproduct the region is so good at producing? Can anyone help with this?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Apparently if you buy say 25 sheets of glass that is stock and not how I was doing it as "cost of goods sold"
In the US we use the term "shop supplies" for such consumables. They might also consist of nails, glue, razor blades, and basic hardware such as screws, wire, cording, hangers, etc.
Cost of goods sold vs inventory is distinguished by the method of accounting, "cash basis" or "accrual basis".
Stock is not an allowable expense until sold.
You purchase 500 sheets at £5, these are then an asset to the company worth £2,500.
At the end of the year you have 100 left, so the asset is now worth £500 and £2,000 goes into say cost of sales (or materials in my case) and is an allowable expense against corporation tax.
Depreciation is a bit of a dark art and best left to accountants. But in a nutshell. You buy a Maxine for £1,000, thus is a capital asset. You can depreciate it in your accounts over say 7 years, so 15% a year. However, you can usually offset the whole cost against your accounts in the first year under something called capital allowances.
Your accountant will then add back the depreciation each year in the books.
The more i learn, the less I seem to know!
When we had our frame shop/gallery I always devoted one day a month for VAT and the books. I found that day was as profitable as any other working day. Besides knowing what was going on all the time, it helped keep the accountant's fees down.
Capital allowances are a bit tricky.
New equipment is not deductible as such, but the depreciation is. I work on a -25% per annum basis and keep a running total.
a senior tax inspector. Same with stock - If you have a bunch of moulding that you are never going to use you can value it at £0.
But there are exceptions. If you buy a tool(capital) and it wears out, the replacement is 100% deductable.
Also I believe certain things like IT gear are 100% deductible straight off.
Don't quote me on these matters though. It's what I have been told by the tax office and how I work.
a year and subsequently giving a thorough third degree, they concluded that I was due a repayment.
were fine even if they were not in accountantese and that I would have just as much paperwork, not to mention the expense.
And added that if anything was amiss it would be me that got dropped on and not the accountant.
I can see the value if you employ staff and run a reasonably large business, but for a one-man business it can be an unnecessary extravagance.


Keto is the new word on the block. But what does it all mean? Team JDP Fitness is here to break down the latest diet on the gym floor.
Beginning a new weight-loss diet is not always a simple transition. And the ketogenic diet — a trendy low-carb, high-fat plan that may produce quick results — is no exception.
One of the biggest hurdles of going keto is putting and keeping your body in ketosis. Ketosis is a natural metabolic state that tricks your body into burning fat instead of carbs for fuel (when it doesn't have enough carbs). So, naturally, to achieve ketosis, you'll have to say goodbye to carbs and hello to fat — and lots of it.
It depends on which version of keto you're doing, but generally, you'll aim to get 5 to 10 percent of your total calories from carbs. The goal is to consume only 20 to 50 grams (g) of net carbs per day — or less than the equivalent of ½ cup of long-grain brown rice, which contains about 26 g of total carbs. Net carbs are defined as carbs minus fibre and sugar alcohols, according to the website for the Atkins diet, another low-carb plan. For most people, going that low won't be easy: The typical adult over age 20 gets nearly 50 percent of their calories from carbs.
Meanwhile, you'll need to reach for lots of high-fat foods, like lean meat, avocado, olive oil, butter, cheese, and eggs. The goal is to get about 60 to 80 percent of your daily calories from these kinds of foods.
But as any keto diet beginner knows, the possibility of losing weight can be worth enduring temporary physical aches and carb cravings (as long as you've cleared trying the diet with your doctor, that is). Even so, it's apparent that what a keto dieter really needs is resourceful information, and tons of encouragement — all of which we aim to provide below.
The ketogenic diet — a high-fat and very low-carb eating plan — can be tough to start. After all, it's likely a radical departure from the way you're eating now (a typical standard UK diet is high in carbohydrates and processed foods). But many people are trying the keto diet, which puts your body in a state of ketosis. That's what happens when your body's carb-burning switch flips to a fat-burning one, a change that can cause weight loss and has even been credited with controlling diabetes.
How do you make practical preparations in stocking your fridge and preparing mentally for the big change to come?
Consider this your step-by-step guide.
In following a keto diet food list and meal plan, you'll be severely limiting carbs on this diet. Start off with between 20 and 30 grams (g) of carbohydrates per day. Also make sure that you know what foods have mostly carbs, fat, and protein, so you can make the right choices. For instance, it's not just bread, pasta, chips, cookies, candy, and ice cream that contain carbs. Beans may contain protein, but they're also very high in carbohydrates. Fruit and veggies also mostly contain carbs. The only foods that don't contain carbs are meat (protein) and pure fats, like butter and oils (including olive oil and coconut oil).
2. Examine Your Relationship With Fat — Keto Involves Lots of It!
People are afraid of fat because they've been told that it'll kill them. To prepare for a high-fat diet, which can be uncomfortable at first, start making small adjustments to what you eat every day, we suggest, like ordering a burger on lettuce leaves and subbing green veggies for fries.
Instead of potatoes or rice with your meal, opt for a nonstarchy veggie. Start cooking with more oil. Realise that old dieting habits — like making a plain skinless grilled chicken breast — just don't make sense on a keto diet because you won't get enough fat.
Slowly start pushing out carbs and getting in fat. If you're afraid of fat, a ketogenic diet won't work for you.
Look at a variety of keto websites and cookbooks for keto-approved recipes you'll love. We recommend finding four to five recipes with foods you know you'll like. That way you're not standing around wondering what to eat, and turn to carbs.
Made by mixing coconut oil and butter into your coffee, this drink will help keep your hunger at bay, giving you time to plan your next meal.
Just note that coconut oil has the potential to send LDL, or "bad," cholesterol levels soaring, so if you have or are at an increased risk for heart disease because of family or personal health history, you'll likely want to avoid this drink. To be on the safe side, check with your doctor.
Tell them your plan. You may not be able to eat what they're eating during family mealtimes, so you'll want to prepare them (and yourself) for what your new habits will look like. Because this diet is often done only short term (three to six months), you can assure them that it's temporary.
If you get pushback, announce: I've done my research, I've figured out it's safe, and I really want to try this.
•	Breakfast: Two eggs fried in pastured butter served with sauteed greens.
• Lunch: A bunless grass-fed burger topped with cheese, mushrooms and avocado atop a bed of greens.
•	Dinner: Pork chops with green beans sauteed in coconut oil.
•	Lunch: Tuna salad with celery and tomato atop a bed of greens.
•	Dinner: Roast chicken with cream sauce and sauteed broccoli.
•	Breakfast: Bell pepper stuffed with cheese and eggs.
•	Lunch: Arugula salad with hard-boiled eggs, turkey, avocado and blue cheese.
•	Dinner: Grilled salmon with spinach sauteed in coconut oil.
•	Breakfast: Full-fat yogurt topped with Keto granola.
•	Lunch: Steak bowl with cauliflower rice, cheese, herbs, avocado and salsa.
•	Dinner: Bison steak with cheesy broccoli.
•	Breakfast: Baked avocado egg boats.
•	Lunch: Caesar salad with chicken.
• Dinner: Pork chops with vegetables.
•	Breakfast: Cauliflower toast topped with cheese and avocado.
•	Lunch: Bunless salmon burgers topped with pesto.
•	Dinner: Meatballs served with zucchini noodles and parmesan cheese.
• Breakfast: Coconut milk chia pudding topped with coconut and walnuts.
•	Lunch: Cobb salad made with greens, hard-boiled eggs, avocado, cheese and turkey.
•	Dinner: Coconut chicken curry.


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text: Q: call java void method from feature file in karate framework i wana to call Java method from fetaure file in karate framework . I called also but output is not coming actually. If anybody know please give me solutions actually. i need solution Since i wana to print simple void method from java file into feature file.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Why the Cisco-Acacia Deal Is Sunk
Acacia Communications Inc. (NASDAQ: ACIA) shares were up handily to close out the week after the announcement that it had ended its $2.6 billion merger agreement with Cisco Systems Inc. (NASDAQ: CSCO). Acacia noted a lack of approval from Chinese regulators as a catalyst.
The company pointed out that it did not receive approval from the Chinese government's State Administration for Market Regulation before the January 8 deadline. Cisco may be looking to challenge Acacia's right to terminate the merger in court as a result.
The deal was agreed to in July of 2019. At that time, Cisco had signed on to pay roughly $70 per share for Acacia for an aggregate of $2.6 billion.
Acacia's PR team released a statement:
Because approval of the Chinese government's State Administration for Market Regulation was not received within the time frame contemplated by the merger agreement, Acacia did not have an obligation to close the merger before the arrival of the Jan. 8, 2021, extended end date.
This deal was expected to close in the second half of Cisco's fiscal year, which ends in July.
Excluding Friday's move, Acacia Communications stock had underperformed the broad markets with a gain of only 6% in the past 52 weeks.
Acacia traded up about 11% on Friday, at $80.23 in a 52-week range of $60.62 to $81.00. The consensus price target is $70.00.
Cisco stock was trading at $45.01, in a 52-week range of $32.40 to $50.28. Analysts have a consensus price target of $48.27.
ALSO READ: Goldman Sachs Has 4 Red-Hot Financial Stocks to Buy Now for 2021
Read more: Technology, CSCO, China, Mergers and Acquisitions
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I was charged with a Felony. What is the process?
Usually with a Felony, if you are arrested, you will be taken to the Magistrate. The Magistrate listens to the facts as stated by the police, looks at your criminal record and determines if you should be released pending trial. (Release is called "bail" or "bond") For serious crimes of violence, there is a presumption against bond. For non-violent crimes, the Magistrate looks at whether you have a long criminal record, whether you have failed to appear in the past, your ties to the community, work history and other factors. The Magistrate is trying to determine if you will show up to subsequent hearings. If the Magistrate is sure you will show up, he will issue a "personal recognizance bond", which is basically just a promise to show up. Otherwise the Magistrate will ask for a cash bond. If, for example, the Magistrate orders a cash bond of $5,000, that means that you must pay $5,000 to get out of jail pending trial. If you have $5000 cash, you just pay it. If not, then you can hire a bail bond company. They will put up the $5,000 and charge a fee to you of 10%. If at the end of the case, you have appeared at all hearings, then the $5,000 is returned to the person who paid it (e.g. you, your family member or friend who may have paid on your behalf, or the bail bond company.) If the bail is set too high, then you can ask for a bond reduction hearing in the General District Court to see if a Judge will over rule the Magistrate. That decision can be appealed again to the Circuit Court.
Most courts have an Arraignment Hearing. This is merely a day where a Judge specifically tells you what you have been charged with and sets the next court date for the Preliminary Hearing. At this time the Judge will inquire whether you plan to hire his own attorney or if you cannot afford an attorney, have you interviewed for a court appointed attorney.
At a Preliminary Hearing the only issue is whether or not the court finds sufficient cause to believe that an offense occurred and sufficient cause to believe you are the one who committed it. If the court does find sufficient cause, the court will then certify the charge to the next grand jury that meets. (Sufficient cause is the same thing as probable cause. I refer to it simply because that is the term used in the statute. However, the terms are used interchangeably).
The issue for the court is not guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, but sufficient cause, which is a low burden. It is important to note that the Commonwealth is not required to put on all their evidence at your Preliminary Hearing, but only enough evidence for the court to believe sufficient cause exists. Rarely do defense attorneys put on evidence during a Preliminary Hearing. Why give the Prosecution "heads up" on your case? Rather, a good defense attorney uses the Preliminary Hearing to get additional information to help me defend you at the ultimate trial.
After a Preliminary Hearing, the case is submitted to a Grand Jury. It is interesting to note that a Prosecutor does not actually charge you. A Prosecutor presents the evidence to a Grand Jury and the citizens sitting in the Grand Jury determine if there is enough evidence to charge. The Grand Jury is a jury of six individuals that make the same determination that the District Court judge did – whether or not there is probable cause. If they find it, then they will hand down what is called a true bill of indictment. The Grand Jury proceedings are "secret" proceedings. Attorneys do not have a right to be present while the witnesses are testifying to the Grand Jury. Furthermore, an attorney does not have a right to any transcript from the proceeding itself. Only the Prosecutor goes to the Grand Jury, so naturally, they only hear once side of the case. It is rare that a Grand Jury does not certify a charge.
If the Grand Jury hands down true bills of indictment, then you will be required to appear in the Circuit Court in person for Term Day. If you are not incarcerated you will need to be present in court on the date assigned by the District Court judge. The purpose of this will be to set a trial date and either demand or waive a jury.
The United States and Virginia Constitutions grant you the right to a jury trial. Of course, you can give up that right and ask to be tried by the judge. Understand, however, that the Commonwealth can ask for a jury. If the prosecutor asks for one, then even if you have given up your right to a jury trial, then you will be tried by a jury.
The chief differences between a judge and jury trial is that a judge trial requires only one vote to convict or acquit (the judge). Conversely at a jury trial a jury of 12 people must be unanimous to convict or acquit. (If they can't make up their mind they are a "hung jury" and the case is retried later before a different jury if the prosecutor wishes). Also, if convicted at a judge trial, the judge will consult the sentencing guidelines before sentencing you. While they are discretionary, the judge must write an explanation as to why he or she deviates from it. Usually, judges sentence within the guideline range. However, a jury is not given any guidelines. Whatever the 12 jurors unanimously vote to impose is likely to be the sentence. Virginia judges can reduce a jury sentence, but usually don't. Judges cannot impose a greater sentence than a jury sentence.
At trial (assuming a jury trial), the process begins with voir dire where a prospective panel of jurors are asked questions by the judge, the prosecutor, and your defense attorney. The purpose is to select jurors that are free from bias or otherwise fit to serve. After questions are asked, the attorneys move to strike jurors for cause – meaning that there is some basis in the law on which they are not fit to sit as a juror.
After the strikes for cause, 20 potential jurors are selected before the parties go to strike eight others. Each side – the defense and the prosecution – get four of the eight strikes. A juror can be struck for almost any reason. (Exceptions are things like racial discrimination – a lawyer cannot strike a person because of his race, for example). That would leave 12 individuals to be on the jury panel who will decide the facts of your case.
After the jurors are selected, there are opening statements by both sides. Then, the Commonwealth will get to put on their evidence. Evidence is usually testimony from witnesses and other evidence, such as scientific evidence. You will be able to watch the entire trial. Other witnesses will have to wait outside the courtroom, entering only for their own testimony.
The Defense can make a "Motion to Strike" after the Commonwealth rests its case. A Motion to Strike is, in essence, saying that the evidence is insufficient to establish a prima facia case (this is a Latin term for "a basic case") that should be submitted to jury. To win a Motion to Strike, you would have to show that there is absolutely no evidence on an element of the crime. For example, your Defense Attorney may argue, "There is no evidence whatsoever that the Defendant sold the drugs." All a Prosecutor would have to show is one piece of evidence, such as, "The Wegman's employee says she saw me steal groceries." If the Prosecutor can show only one piece of evidence, the case continues to move on.
The Defense can then put on evidence if it wishes, can renew its Motion to Strike, and closing arguments are made. There is no requirement for the Defense to put on any evidence. You cannot be called by either the prosecutor or your lawyer to testify if you don't want to do so. You have the absolute right to remain silent. I, of course, will advise you and make recommendations in this regard.
What is important to note is that in the event you have a jury trial, as opposed to a Judge trial, the jury decides to convict, the same jury will get to decide punishment. Any sentence the jury renders within the range of punishment is allowed. We then have the right to request a presentence investigation report and have a sentencing hearing.
If your trial is by a Judge, then at the sentencing hearing, the judge looks at the sentencing guidelines just as if you had plead guilty. The judge then determines the punishment.
Appeal rights are determined by the outcome of a trial or plea. In the event a person pleads guilty, he waives virtually all rights and, consequently, he may waive a right to an appeal. The only meritorious issues, which might survive for appeal after a guilty plea are a lack of jurisdiction by the court or illegal punishment. An illegal punishment would be one which exceeds the maximum punishment permitted by law. If you plead guilty, I will notify you if either of these matters are an issue in your case.
In the event the matter is tried, and if you are found guilty, the issues that can be raised on appeal are legal errors that are in the record of your case. Please note that an appeal is not a new trial. No new evidence or testimony can be taken at any stage of an appeal.
Whether or not to appeal a case is your decision, and if you tell me to appeal then I must do so, even if there is virtually no chance of success on appeal. If an appealed case lacks any meritorious issues, I will be ethically required to request permission to withdraw from your case once the appeal has been filed.


text:
Michigan News |
Stevens calling for Paul Whelan's immediate…
Haley Stevens continues push for Paul Whelan's release from Russian prison
Novi resident convicted last summer of espionage
U.S. Rep. Haley Stevens (D-MI) speaking about Paul Whelan's wrongful Russian imprisonment during a press conference on Thursday, July 29, 2021, in Washington D.C. (Office of Congresswoman Haley Stevens)
By Mark Cavitt | The Oakland Press
Members of Congress are continuing to call for the release of Americans wrongfully detained in Russian prisons.
On Thursday, U.S. Reps. Haley Stevens (MI-11) and August Pfluger (TX-11 ) held a press conference Thursday with family members of Paul Whelan, a Michigan native, and Trevor Reed, a Texas native, as well as members of the House Foreign Affairs Committee.
Whelan, 51, a Novi resident, traveled to Moscow in December 2019 to attend a wedding of a personal friend. On Dec. 28, he was arrested by Russia's Federal Security Service at the Metropol Hotel in Moscow who later charged him with espionage. Even though prosecutors never presented any evidence to prove his alleged wrongdoing, Whelan was sentenced on June 15, 2020 to 16 years in a Mordovian labor camp.
"Today marks 944 days since my constituent, Paul Whelan, has been wrongfully detained in Russia," she said. "That's 944 days that he has been away from his friends, his family, a comfortable bed, and his community in Novi, Michigan. It's 944 days too long. He's being held in a prison camp where he has been since August 2020 following a complete sham of a trial where they didn't have the evidence."
Stevens said that Whelan is holding up the best he can "under the circumstances." She added that Whelan is being held "on false charges."
"It has been my mission to see Paul come home to Michigan and be reunited with his family," she said. "We must stand up and make it clear that American citizens will not be used as political pawns for other countries. Period. End of story. Paul, if you are watching this, know that I am praying for you, I am rooting for you and I will never stop fighting for you."
Pavel Golovkin
Paul Whelan, a former U.S. Marine, who was arrested in Moscow at the end of last year, waits for a hearing in a court in Moscow, Russia, Friday, May 24, 2019. The American was detained at the end of December for alleged spying. (AP Photo/Pavel Golovkin)
David Whelan, Paul's brother, told The Oakland Press Thursday that his parents have not spoken to Paul in nearly a month. He's currently being held in solitary confinement in Mordovia and has not been heard from since July 1 when he last spoke with his parents, who live in Michigan, and the Canadian Embassy.. The reason for his confinement is unknown after being diagnosed with COVID-19 sometime in June.
Up until June 11, when Whelan was transferred to a nearby prison hospital days before the June 16 summit between President Biden and President Vladimir Putin in Switzerland, he had been communicating with his parents almost weekly.
"He was given a second 15 days of solitary as the first 15 days came to an end," said David Whelan. "I don't know when either started so we don't know when the 30 days is up, or if they'll stack more 15 day extensions on top of it. The first 15 days was apparently because a guard had found food in a bag, which sounds like a pretext to me."
Elizabeth Whelan, sister of Paul Whelan, speaking about her brother's wrongful Russian imprisonment during a press conference on Thursday, July 29, 2021, in Washington D.C. (screenshot)
David Whelan said his family has not tried calling the prison to get a better understanding of Paul's situation about why he's being kept in solitary confinement due to the language barrier.
"Paul's lawyer, Olga Karlova, and Mr. (Vladimir) Zherebenkov (Whelan's Russian attorney) are planning to petition the Moscow court to allow Paul to be transferred back to the U.S. so that he can serve out the remaining 13 years of his sentence in America. They hope to file the motion in mid-August. It seems like a long shot and also doesn't answer the fact that the prison sentence is bogus."
During the press conference, Stevens also read several excerpts from a letter sent to her by Whelan following the conclusion of his trial in August 2020.
"This political situation is an assault on America," wrote Whelan. "The secret trial based on a fabricated case has been supported at the highest levels, and the absurd allegations underline the fact that this situation is merely a hostage taking intended to force political resolution."
On Feb. 5, Whelan sent a second letter to Stevens. It can be read below.
Last week, the U.S. Senate passed Resolution 165, "A resolution calling on the Government of the Russian Federation to provide evidence or to release United States Citizen Paul Whelan." The resolution is sponsored by U.S. Sen. Gary Peters (D-MI) and co-sponsored by U.S. Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-MI).
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In April, Stevens introduced a resolution calling on the Russian Government to provide evidence of Paul's alleged wrongdoing or release him back home to The United States.
Also joining the press conference included Elizabeth Whelan, Paul Whelan's sister, Joey Reed, Father of Trevor Reed, U.S. Rep. Tim Walberg (MI-7), Ranking Member Michael McCaul, House Foreign Affairs Committee (TX-10), and U.S. Rep. Bill Keating, Chairman of the Europe, Eurasia, Energy and Environment subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee (MA-9).
"Nothing can prepare a family for the news that their loved one has been wrongfully detained by a hostile foreign government," said Elizabeth Whelan, who added that her brother was set up and has endured unimagineable hardship at the hands of the Russian authorities.
Mark Cavitt | Multimedia Journalist
Mark Cavitt is a multimedia journalist with the MediaNews Group Michigan cluster.
More in Michigan News


text:
Штефан Ґолеску (; 1809, Кимпулунг — 27 серпня 1874, Нансі, Франція) — прем'єр-міністр Румунії в 1867-1868.

Біографія

Народився в 1809 в Кимпулунзі. Син великого вченого Дініку Ґолеску. Навчався у Швейцарії, служив у волоській армії, в 1836 став майором. Брав участь у Революції 1848 у Волощині та був членом Тимчасового уряду.

Після придушення революції до 1857 жив у засланні. Був членом ліберальної партії під керівництвом Йона Братіану.

Двічі обіймав посаду міністра закордонних справ Князівства Румунії (1867-1868). Міністр внутрішніх справ з 17 серпня 1867 по 13 листопада 1867.

З 26 листопада 1867 — 12 травня 1868 очолював уряд Князівства Румунії.

З 6 вересня 1868 до 15 листопада 1868 голова Сенату Румунії.

Бібліографія
 Nicolescu, Nicolae C. (2006), Enciclopedia șefilor de guvern ai României (1862—2006), București: Editura Meronia, pp. 177—179
 Dicționar Enciclopedic Român (Ed. Politică, 1965)

Джерела
 Idealul fraților Golești, 5 decembrie 2005, Mira Balan, Jurnalul Național
 CTITORI AI ROMĂNIEI / 150 de ani de la Unirea Principatelor Române, 13 ianuarie 2009, Jurnalul Național
 Loja «Ștefan Golescu» Nr.183

Посилання
 Idealul fratilor Golesti

Прем'єр-міністри Румунії
Політики XIX століття
Політики Румунії
Міністри закордонних справ Румунії
Сенатори Румунії
Міністри внутрішніх справ Румунії
Голови Сенату Румунії
Революціонери Румунії
Члени Палати депутатів Румунії
Масони
Померли в Нансі

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Ground floor: a hallway, two bedrooms and a storage room.
First floor: three more bedrooms that can be accessed via a hallway.
The space has been most practically used and hardly any inside transformations will be needed. Still refurbishment and repair work is necessary so as the house can be adapted for living.
The property benefits from an additional building which comprises the summer kitchen and a bathroom.
Electricity and water are supplied. A telephone line can be installed upon a request.
The garden is huge- 3400sq.m. It provides enough parking space and a variety of opportunities for development.
As to the village, it is small but well-developed and of good infrastructure. One of the biggest rivers in Bulgaria flows nearby which makes the area ideal for a number of outdoor activities.


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It's best to choose Home Appraisal Guys simply because we have got the best value materials, affordable prices, and expert help and advice to provide. If you call us by dialing 800-425-9917, we are going to respond to your concerns about Appraisor in Louisiana and offer you a quote for the price and timeline for your job. You need a business which will work fast, will save you costs, and provides competent services. When you want superb customer service and sure success, you have spotted it with our company. We take pride in being your go to provider to get Appraisor in Louisiana, and so we wrap up your task the correct way at the first try. You need an organization that helps you save cash as well as offering five star Appraisor products and services, and Home Appraisal Guys is undoubtedly that provider.
We understand simple methods to save you money with Appraisor by concluding the project efficiently with a team of skilled and proficient experts who understand what they are doing. We know that squandering hours and resources costs money, and we prevent common complications and carry out the work with professionalism and quickness. Our quick effort does not translate to minimized standards, since we use organized, well planned approaches that are sure to save time and costs when still creating a professional quality completed product. You can continue save your money as we finish since our professional quality supplies last for a long time with no expensive upkeep. The supplies we use are built to keep working, and we can inform you of just how long they will withstand the test of time once you contact us by dialing 800-425-9917 right now.
We promise that you will be satisfied with our work on domestic and commercial Appraisor in Louisiana. Our company offers expert advice and first-rate services to all of our customers. When you've got concerns, we have solutions. Your own Appraisor mission is our niche, and we can ensure you will be happy. We always show up punctually and accomplish every project quickly with outstanding work. You will not face more sudden expenditures, as we know exactly what we are working at, and provide a precise estimate before starting up work on your home or business. You will save yourself money through trusting us to conclude your project properly to begin with. Call us for your own free of charge quote and responses to your concerns.


Splunk Web is the Splunk browser-based graphical user interface. This topic discusses how to find the pages in Splunk Web that you need to complete this tutorial.
Splunk Home is your interactive portal to the apps and data accessible from this Splunk deployment.
By default, Splunk Home is the first page that you see when you log in. Otherwise, your account might be configured to start in another view such as Search or Pivot in the Search & Reporting app.
You can return to Splunk Home from any other view by clicking on the Splunk logo on the Splunk bar.
The Splunk bar is common to every page in Splunk Web. You will use it to switch between the editor views when you create data models and pivots in this tutorial.
The Apps panel lists the apps that are installed on your Splunk instance that you have permission to view. Select the app from the list to open it. When you have more than one app, you can drag and drop the apps within the workspace to rearrange them.
Click the gear icon to view and manage the apps that are installed in your Splunk instance.
The Data Model and Pivot editors are part of the Search & Reporting app.
The options in the Explore panel help you to get started using Splunk Web. Click on the icons to open the Add Data view, browse for new apps, open the Splunk Enterprise Documentation, or open Splunk Answers.
Continue to the next topic to add the tutorial to your Splunk deployment.


text:
Meet the 17-year-old niece of Steven and Dame Valerie Adams tipped to be women's basketball's next big star
While NBA superstar Steven Adams' season is over, it's just starting for another member of his famous sporting family who's being tipped as the next big thing.
At almost two metres tall, Sharne Pupuke Robati may have a different surname but she's just as talented as her aunt and uncle. Source: 1 NEWS
It's hard to pin point what makes a great athlete but there's something in the Adams family that's shooting them ahead – just look at Sharne Pupuke Robati.
At almost 2 metres in height, the Kiwi teen may have a different last name but her genes come from our country's biggest sporting stars - her uncle and aunty being Steven Adams and Dame Valerie Adams.
"Everyone's tall," Sharne said.
"I think I've stopped growing but yeah, heights in the genes!"
While it's unsure whether her uncle will ever don the black singlet, the Tall Ferns' bronze medal performance at the Gold Coast Commonwealth Games has only made the hunger stronger for Sharne.
"Seeing all the girls there and watching them at night time just makes me want to train harder to get there."
And she's already impressing around the country.
Sharne was instrumental in the Under 17 team that competed at the Asian Championships last year, averaging a double-double (more than ten points and ten rebounds per game) throughout the entire tournament.
She's even getting the nod from tall ferns co-captain Natalie Taylor.
"She probably, genetically, has a lot of what it takes to be a good player," Taylor said.
"And she's surrounding herself around good coaches and a good association."
Sharne's association is the Auckland Dream who yesterday won their opening game in the women's Premier Basketball Championship.
Sharne's mother Patricia Pupuke is also a part of the team, seeing first-hand how tough it is for the teen to manage both academics and basketball.
"It's tight but I think that's something they have to learn, being able to juggle her schoolwork and sports," she said.
And if she wants to make it to an American University, she'd better listen to the advice from her uncle.
"To have fun… and also to be smart in school from uncle Steve - he said without smarts you can't play basketball."
You can't argue with that logic.
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text:
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Our Pie of the Week January 23-29 is Buffalo Chicken!
Roasted, seasoned puled chicken combined with buffalo hot sauce, bleu cheese, celery slaw, and a bit more sharp cheddar. All wrapped in a buttery puff pastry and served with citrus dressed mixed greens.


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2013 POLAR PLUNGE – SUCCESS!
The Bannockburn Police Department took the plunge for Special Olympics. On March 2, 2013 Chief Ronald Price, Genna Price, Officer Ogden, and Bannockburn Resident John Vanderbilt jumped into the icy cold waters of Lake Michigan and raised $2,500 on behalf of the Bannockburn Police Department. All of the Bannockburn Police Department were on hand to show their support!


RTsoft Forums > Official Robinson Technologies Forums > RTsoft Tavern > Skype.
View Full Version : Skype.
Maybe we do but we don't want to talk with strangers. Sometimes people don't even share their names because of DDOS.


To photocopy and print, you need to buy credit for your myPrint account. You also need to follow certain rules that regulate how much you are able to copy: this is detailed in the licence agreement that the University has with Bonus Copyright Access.
Before you can print or photocopy, you need to activate your printing account.
Log on to My Pages from www.du.se.
Choose "My Account" in the left menu.
Choose "Printing Account" in the left menu. Here, you can also see your printing history and the kronor you have left in your account.
Enter your key card number in the centre column and choose "Register".
To print from a mobile phone, tablet, etc., go to myPrint and log in with your electronic identity (user name and password). You can also log in to a printer/copier with your key card and pincode. You must register in your printing account before you can log in.
We recommend that you use myPrint.
The default printer is "Print on myprintserver": if this is not selected, restart your computer and try again.
You can send documents for printing to print@du.se from your @du.se email address. If you want to print from another email address, enter this into your settings on myPrint.
If you are a student, then you need to buy credit for your myPrint account. First log in (see above) and then you can choose to credit your account with 20, 50 or 100 sek. You pay using your credit card.
The University has a licence agreement with Bonus Copyright Access. This provides students and teachers certain rights when it comes to printing and copying. The licence does not cover the copying and sharing of sound and films.
You can read detailed copying and sharing rules that apply if you are a student or a teacher on Bonus Copyright Access.
For larger printing jobs or for services such as lamination, you can use the services of the office called Repro at Campus Falun.


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"An investment in knowledge pays the best interest." G.K quiz Competition was conducted for class IV-V on 26th October 2018 in their Friday Activity period. The children participated with great competition. The competition consisted of six rounds, including current affairs, sports knowledge, identifying famous personalities, Rapid Fire, etc. The topics were vast and informative. The children were excited and answered well.
Scholars Global School pays heed to all round development of students. As part of Friday Activity, Cricket Match was organized for classes VI-VII for which the selection match was held on 26th Oct. In Achievers vs. Champions match, Achievers won by 7 runs & in Victors vs. Leaders match, Victors won by 3 runs. The final of this competition was held on 30th Oct in which Victors won over Achievers by 8 runs. Both days, the students showed great enthusiasm, vigor & charisma while performing & enjoyed a lot.
Women have landed on the Moonwalked in space and have proved themselves equal to men in every way, yet they are not safe in their own surrounding. Keeping this is in mind, the girls of classes IV-V had a safety workshop on 26th October '18. This workshop focused on effective self-defense and talked about how to use everybody items as weapons. The basic techniques were demonstrated to the students on how they can save themselves when the situation demands it. The message was loud and clear that gone are the days when girls were considered weak, now they can defend themselves on their own.
Skating is one way to combine fitness with fun. The children of this generation are the first to grow in the age of fitness. For this, a skating competition was held for the students of class II-III on 26th October 2018. The competition was done in two rounds one for the class II and the other for class III. The sports department teachers conducted this competition. The students were agile and swift in their skating and participated enthusiastically.
Creativity is the mental capacity to generate novel and useful ideas. Creativity is, at its core about ideas and how we develop, understand and communicate them. On this Friday, students of class VIII learnt making Pen stand using CD and bottle. Students were guided by the art teacher and students enthusiastically took interest and learnt the creativity in arts. Students showed their innovation and made different Pen stand designs.
A greeting card expresses all the human emotions, joy, thanks, humor, love and admiration. Technology has made it easier to connect with people. Students of classes VI-VIII were taught how to make greeting cards using flash. With Diwali just round the corner, students were also taught to incorporate various animations for that. Students posed several questions and got highly excited as well. Mrs. Vinita conducted the workshop effectively. The workshop was very informative and creative as well.
It is very important to feel safe when one is working online as we are vulnerable to a cyber-attack. As students are more prove to the usage of internet they should have better knowledge of cyber world. To make our students become more informative in cyber security, cyber quiz activity was conducted to understand common internet safety risks and best practice to reduce these. Quiz was conducted in three rounds-first round was abbreviation rounds, second round was logo identifying shortcut keys & general awareness. Students came with a lot of preparation and information and performed well in the quiz. Audience also gained lot of information in the field of cyber security & other details related to internet.
India is known as the land of many festivals. These festivals are celebrated throughout the country with vigor and enthusiasm. But these festivities and celebration often harm the environment, so to keep the nature's aspect in mind a workshop for classes IV-V was conducted on Celebrating festivals in Eco-Friendly Manner on 12th October 2018. The workshop briefed the students on hour festivals should be celebrated, where the essence of the festivals is not affected and the environment is also not harmed. The various methods like using mud idols for Ganpati Visarjan, and using eco- friendly colors for Holi, etc.The students learnt diverse ways to celebrate the festivals and were committed to use them in future.


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In reply to: Ted Molczan: "RE: ST OBS May 9, 2013: w/ UNID"
I am not aware of any proof. Oh well, one of us will figure it out.


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Raffael Hans Ulrich Schuster-Woldan, född den 7 januari 1870 i Striegau i Schlesien, död den 13 december 1951 i Garmisch-Partenkirchen, var en tysk målare. Han var son till Heinrich Schuster-Woldan och bror till Georg Schuster-Woldan.

Schuster-Woldan blev 1911 professor vid konsthögskolan i Charlottenburg, vilket han förblev till 1920. Han utförde fantasikompositioner (Vid skymningens port, Memento vivere med flera) samt stora vägg- och plafondmålningar i riksdagshuset och Bundesrathaus. Han var även framstående porträttmålare.

1941 fick han extra stort utrymme på den femte samlingsutställningen av Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung i Haus der Deutschen Kunst. 27 av Schuster-Woldans verk visades och centralt bland dessa ansågs den naturalistiska nakenmålningen Das Leben (1905) vara. I katalogen beskrevs den som "ej till salu", ändå köptes den av Adolf Hitler för 60 000 riksmark. Mellan åren 1937 och 1944 var detta den högst betalda summan för en målning överlag.

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Tyska porträttmålare
Tyska landskapsmålare
Tyska målare under 1900-talet
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What to Wear to a Housewarming ~ Roses and Rain Boots .
Over the weekend, my fiancé and I attended a friend's housewarming. Prior to that, my friend at book club was coincidentally going to the same housewarming and she suggested writing a post on etiquette when attending a housewarming. I thought this was a great idea! How many times do us girls stand in our closet before an event and think "I have nothing to wear!" If you're me, then it's literally everyday. To help avoid this dilemma or the feeling of needing to go shopping I am going to share my three easy tips for being the perfect guest.
I love this outfit because it's super casual but can easily be dressed up with a few accessories, like my favorite new earrings, for a chic look.
Tip number one, is to Dress in layers, basically key for all events, including housewarmings. It's hard to predict the temperature, so I always dress extra warm with the intentions of taking off a layer, if need be. I also pair cozy casual sweaters with a fancy tank to offset each other. This particular tank c/o of Zawful, is way lower than I would ever wear and after taking the photos I paired it with another cami for extra coverage, which brings me to my second point, wear what you love and feel comfortable in.
After deciding what to wear comes the difficult challenge of what to bring, tip number three. Difficult in the sense of wanting to select a thoughtful item that helps celebrate this exciting time. I opt for something most people don't think to buy themselves, flowers. I'm a firm believer they are a huge mood lifter and therefore a great gift idea. You can also opt for potted herbs as a great alternative. Other favorites include: a dish to share, candles and clever dish towels, like this one from target. I for one can never seem to have enough.
And don't forget a nice bottle of wine . . . always my go to gift!
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