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In Which Two Canadians Fight About a Sport That is Not Hockey
Jake Roth/US Presswire
by Chris Jones and Jonah Keri
Earlier this month, Grantland baseball contributor Chris Jones wrote that Barry Zito was destroyed by lofty expectations. Grantland baseball nerd Jonah Keri disagreed with Jones' reasoning. Below is the e-mail exchange that followed between Grantland's favorite Canadians.
Hey Jonah,
I hope you've been well, my ruthlessly efficient cyborg friend. I couldn't help but notice that you wrote a story for Grantland earlier this week that used math and facts to contradict my more whimsically incorrect approach to baseball writing — particularly with regard to Barry Zito, a man and a pitcher for whom I have an almost unlimited affection. Your story included many truths — such as the statistically verifiable assertions that I'm both Canadian and a great writer — but I have to confess that I'm growing a little tired of the notion that everything in the universe can be explained with numbers.
For instance, exactly no women have given up their virginity to me, which might suggest I'm physically repellant or simply went through an unfortunate Straight Edge phase during that period in my life when I might have had the best chance to have sex with the previously sexless. And yet I know in my heart that I would have been a tender and memorable lover.
I have no proof. I just have faith. It's that faith that made me write that Bartolo Colon is on the precipice of collapse (I still stand by that prediction) and that Zach Britton represents hope for the Baltimore Orioles (I now understand that Baltimore is where hope goes to die). And that same faith makes me feel almost certain that Barry's contract ultimately did in his head. While your work shows that he was already in decline before he put his name on that $126 million contract, I'd also like to rely on the time I spent with Barry and our shared spiritual outlooks to guide my sense of things.
It's not that I want to dismiss the numbers. I can understand why wins are a flawed statistic — although I would suggest that there have been very few terrible 300-game winners — and I see the value in a reasoned, scientific-based analysis, no question.
But for me, statistics are better suited to providing evidence rather than explanations. They do a good job of underscoring the what without necessarily helping with the how.
Can't your FIPpiness demonstrate that Barry Zito isn't the pitcher he once was, and my heart know that's because his contract pushed him off balance?
Can't we both be right?
P.S.: I wrote this e-mail while listening to Demi Lovato's "Skyscraper," because only she can understand my pain.
Comrade Jones,
When we first started batting this discussion around offline, you mentioned you might write a full-on rebuttal to my article, with the suggested title of "In Defense of Romance." I found this an interesting choice of words. Here's a passage from the original draft of my article:
Scientific advances, be they in baseball or other less awesome fields, ultimately come down to one goal: eliminating guesswork. That doesn't mean we'll know everything about baseball, or that all the fun and romance of the sport will be sucked away by three-dimensional cameras and spreadsheets. It just means that teams will be better equipped to make decisions when trying to build a championship team. And that we as fans will be better equipped to understand what our favorite team's trying to do, and whether or not they're likely to be right.
Now, I believe there's plenty of fun and wonder and yes, maybe even a little romance to be had in gaining knowledge. If you want to go the virginity-losing route, there's certainly something wondrous about … let's say, discovering how it all works. Even a basement-dweller like myself would submit that learning stuff about baseball isn't quite as sexy as coitus. But learning is still an amazing experience. What is life if not discovery? Discovery of new phenomena, or those we love, and of ourselves.
But OK, let's say that learning is unromantic. And that sports should be about whimsy and good times, about shutting off your brain and letting the magic happen. Duder, I'm right there with you! Give me a sunny day, a couple of brews, and some good friends, and I'll go nine innings (or four quarters, or three periods, or whatever unit of time they use in Calvinball) without thinking of a single stat. I'll enjoy the aesthetics of the game, the good company, and, if it's a stadium that doesn't suck, a beverage that's in or near the class of Anchor Steam. I can be all romance. Romance is wonderful. We should strive for it in almost every situation.
Just not in analysis. If you want to make an argument, you need some type of proof. It can be hard proof, or it can be anecdotal proof. Either way, though, it must stand up to scrutiny. You say that statistics are better at providing evidence rather than explanations, that they do a good job of underscoring the what without necessarily helping with the how.
Groovy, I get that. It might very well be that Barry Zito went from Cy Young winner to the fringes of baseball because he's a sensitive soul. It's conceivable that a highly trained athlete who had to overcome a lifetime of physical and psychological challenges to reach the pinnacle of his profession arrived at that pinnacle, then suddenly became a basket case. It's possible that is what turned Barry Zito into a sixth starter who makes his team make up DL diagnoses. That it was not, in fact, the arduous physical process that pitching entails, the loss of velocity every pitcher eventually goes through, and ultimately the loss of effectiveness that consumes all but the very best arms in the game's history. It's possible. Not bloody likely, but possible.
The problem in this case is one of timing. The how in your argument is Scott Boras' blue binder, the one he whipped out after the 2006 season, when Zito hit the free-agent market. Unfortunately, even a cursory look at virtually any number beyond won-lost record and ERA shows pretty clearly that Zito was a couple of years into a sharp slide by then. Those numbers might not have told us the how. But they sure as hell told us a lot about the what. And the when.
If you want to reframe your argument and say that Barry Zito saw The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in December 2003, was bitterly disappointed by Peter Jackson's portrayal of Tolkien's climactic oeuvre, and thus fell into a spiral of self-doubt, despair, and shitty curveballs, then good on ya. That would come closer to coinciding with Zito's eroding results. It would be an argument one couldn't possibly prove … nor refute.
Dear Spock,
Sooner than I might have expected, we've reached that point in our discussion when we find our hero — that's me — backed into the Corner of Impossibility: You're asking me to defend art with science, and I can't. It's why science always wins. Art can't overcome the burden of proof, and I concede that point, absolutely, which is why I'd never claim that statistics are stupid. I understand their importance and their value. But that doesn't mean I have to love them.
This will sound strange, but stick with me. I'm an atheist, and have been for as long as I can remember. Back in high school, I was asked to debate a minister, in front of my biology class, about evolution. I presented all of my carefully researched and well-documented science, from the voyages of Beagle on down, and made every possible rational argument against the existence of God and every other deity (including the fairly obvious argument that if there is a Higher Power, there can be only one). And the minister's only Argument Against was that he believed otherwise. He had no real proof, of course. He could not rebut my case with any sort of fact-based evidence. If our debate had happened in front of a purely rational audience of 100 people, I would have won 100 minds.
But people think with their hearts, too.
And after that debate, if I'm being honest, I envied the minister and his allies. I envied his belief. I still do. It's really hard to be an atheist. It's hard to believe that life is just a series of accidents, that at the end of it is only darkness. It's hard to have things go wrong and have only yourself to blame.
So I've found my small gods in other things. I see the constellations in one of Norman Mailer's perfectly written paragraphs. I listen to "Montana" by Youth Lagoon and I believe in something like the divine. I am a man of deep feeling, and when I see people do beautiful things, I feel it in my chest. Barry Zito's curveball was one of those beautiful things. When I first saw it and wrote about it, I thought for a long time how I might describe it. I ended up writing that "It dropped like a broken heart," because that's what I felt when I saw it.
It was his curveball that did me in, that made me a fall-down believer. I loved that he just snapped one off when he 7 years old and didn't even really know what he'd done. I loved that no one — not even scientists — could really explain the physics of it. I loved that Barry himself had no rationale for his curveball. It just was. It had come out of him perfect and seamless, and that was how it remained. It was like some impossible magic.
I hate the idea that it's gone, but I hate even more the idea that its vanishing can be scientifically explained. It's not just that I don't believe Barry's arm has given out, the way you've argued — he still has a textbook four-beat delivery and he's never been shoulder-sore and he's hardly stressed it by throwing heat. It's more that I refuse to accept that something so ethereal could be eroded by something as mundane as the physiology of the human arm.
Someone wrote a telling Facebook comment on my Zito piece: "Advanced statistics has killed the human interest baseball story." I saw that, and I found myself nodding, which meant that pretty soon after, I found myself sad. Then I felt defiant. I felt like that minister in my biology class must have felt, immune to reason.
Because while it's true that art can't defend itself with science — and while it's also true that science, by all rational rights, should almost always win — science can't defend itself with art. You can't use The Naked and the Dead or Youth Lagoon to prove anything chemical or physical; they're arguments only on behalf of mystery. Yes, advanced statistics can explain a lot about a great many things, including baseball. But there will always be openings, gaps in the knowledge. Barry Zito's curveball, when it reached its highest heights, created one of those gaps, and I submit that gap could only have been filled with belief.
Dear Hemingway,
My goodness, that Facebook comment makes me sad, too.
Here's the thing: You have a gift. You're a terrific storyteller. Your boxing piece about the dying art of the body blow? Tremendous. That was a case in which you used actual events, delved into some analysis, and still let excellent prose drive the narrative. I'm some guy pecking away at a keyboard. You are a writer.
It is a little more difficult to write a human-interest baseball story than it might be for other sports, because baseball is more easily quantifiable than any other sport. But it can absolutely be done.
Josh Hamilton's journey from no. 1 pick to drug-addicted washout to MVP is extraordinary, and requires no math to tell it. Bartolo Colon's far more unlikely resurrection still leaves me stupefied. I will grant that Colon's story can be boiled down to an amazing leap in medical technology, if a writer wanted it that way. But it can still be told colorfully and beautifully, and FIP needn't soil that tale. Even poor Ryan Vogelsong, whom I lump in with other pitchers about to get whacked by the Regression Fairy, has a story that goes well beyond numbers. Ten years ago, he was the prospect linchpin of the Jason Schmidt trade. He was out of baseball for five years. Now he's backing Lincecum, Cain, and Bumgarner in the Giants' quest to repeat as World Champions. That defies belief.
The question is can we marry great storytelling with analysis? Yes, I think we can. You talk to people, get to know them, get them to open up about their hopes and dreams and fears. You get them to reveal an injury no one else knew they had, or a messy divorce they kept quiet from the public, or a personal tragedy that threw their world off its axis. There you have the how. The results are the what. We just need to connect the two to make it work. And not in a post-hoc, doctoring-the-numbers-to-fit-the-narrative (or vice-versa) way. It has to be authentic.
Great storytelling takes hard work and good instincts and patience and perseverance. So does analysis. Do them separately, or combine the two. Just do them well.
Chris Jones is a Writer at Large for Esquire and is a regular contributor to Grantland. Follow him on Twitter at @MySecondEmpire. Jonah Keri's new book, The Extra 2%: How Wall Street Strategies Took a Major League Baseball Team from Worst to First, is a national best-seller. Follow him on Twitter at @JonahKeri.
Follow Grantland on Twitter, and comment on this story through our Facebook page. Click here to read more on The Triangle.
Contact us at triangle@grantland.com.
Filed Under: Art, Baseball, Jonah Keri
Jonah Keri is a staff writer for Grantland. His book The Extra 2%: How Wall Street Strategies Took a Major League Baseball Team From Worst to First is a New York Times best seller. The paperback edition of his new book, Up, Up, and Away, on the history of the Montreal Expos, is now available.
Archive @ jonahkeri
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Isophya plevnensis is een rechtvleugelig insect uit de familie sabelsprinkhanen (Tettigoniidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van deze soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1985 door Peshev.

plevnensis

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REAL News 45
Four NFL Players Protest During Week 4 Early Games
Four players protested during the early NFL kickoffs, showing that the NFL protests are remaining constant with the same players protesting each week thus far this season.
Week four opened with the same four players who protested last week. As Sunday's 13-game schedule started, Philadelphia Eagles defensive end Michael Bennett stayed in the locker room rather than take the field during the anthem. His teammates and opponents, the Tennessee Titans, all stood for the song, according to Sports Illustrated.
The other three players who protested were Miami Dolphins players Kenny Stills and Albert Watson, who took a knee during the anthem. Meanwhile, the Dolphins' Robert Quinn once again raised a fist during the nation's theme song.
The rest of the Dolphins and their opponents, the New England Patriots, all stood for the song.
All the players for the other teams in the early games also stood for the "Star Spangled Banner," including the Jets, Jaguars, Texans, Colts, Bills, Packers, Lions, Cowboys, Buccaneers, Bears, Bengals, and Falcons.
Last week a total of six players protested during the anthem, including the Los Angeles Chargers' Russell Okung (who raised a fist), Seattle Seahawks players Duane Brown and Quinton Jefferson (both of whom stayed in the locker room), and the three Dolphins players who have protested all year, Kenny Stills, Albert Wilson, and Robert Quinn.
All eyes are now turning to the Carolina Panthers who recently signed well-known anthem protester Eric Reid who turned free agent at the end of the 2017 season but has remained unsigned until now. Reid was one of the first NFl players to take up Colin Kaepernick's protests. Reid since filed a grievance against the NFL for keeping him off the field until his recent signing.
Follow Warner Todd Huston on Twitter @warnerthuston.
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Emmanuella Love on Republic of Thirst, Part 2: The Sites Reservoir and the Future of Water Storage

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Inside the $700 million ad battle for the U.S. Senate
What you need to know as we cross the Georgia runoff election finish line
By Simon Dumenco with data analysis by Kevin Brown. Published on January 05, 2021.
How a record $8.2 billion was spent in the 2022 midterm elections
Clockwise from top left: Raphael Warnock, Kelly Loeffler, David Perdue and Jon Ossoff.
Credit: Bloomberg
Today is, once again, Election Day in the state of Georgia. Here's what you need to know:
• Ad spending surrounding the Peach State's dual U.S. Senate runoffs now tops a rather mind-boggling $521 million. That's according to the fifth (and final) Campaign Ad Scorecard (CAS), Overtime Edition—part of an ongoing project led by Ad Age Datacenter Director of Data Management Kevin Brown in partnership with Kantar/CMAG. (See the table below.) Add up spending for the two seats from Jan. 1, 2019, through Jan. 5, 2021, and the tally exceeds $700 million.
• Democrat Jon Ossoff is once again in the ad lead; his campaign has dropped $89.2 million on advertising (primarily across TV and radio, with some digital in the mix) from Nov. 3 through Jan. 5. Ossoff is challenging U.S. Sen. David Perdue, the Republican incumbent, whose campaign has spent $49.6 million on ads over the same period.
• The second U.S. Senate seat in play is currently held by Republican incumbent Kelly Loeffler, whose ad spending now stands at $49.4 million. Her challenger, Democrat Raphael Warnock, has clocked "overtime" ad spending of $78.5 million.
• As poll-parsing site FiveThirtyEight helpfully explains, "The Senate currently stands at 50 Republicans and 48 Democrats. If Democrats win both runoffs, the party will have control of the chamber because Vice President-elect Kamala Harris would break any ties. But if Republicans win one of the two races, they will maintain control." Speaking of FiveThirtyEight, its meta-analysis of polls shows the Perdue-Ossoff and Loeffler-Warnock races are basically dead heats.
• Keep in mind that the figures above (and below) don't even count pre-runoff ad spending (as enumerated in our chart below).
• The figures also don't factor in other major campaign costs, such as staff salaries, office rent and less visible—and thus harder to track—advertising such as direct mail.
• Some historical background on the present-day drama: "Why Georgia has runoff elections" (subhead: "Racist lawmakers built Georgia's election system, and now it's affecting the balance of the Senate"), via Vox.
• It's worth noting that just before Christmas, in our previous Campaign Ad Scorecard, Ad Age Datacenter's Kevin Brown explored the mystery of how so much high-priced ad inventory could even be found in the Peach State at the last minute.
Top spenders in Georgia's U.S. Senate runoffs
By runoff spending. Dollars in millions.
Sponsor (party)
Runoff media spending
Pre-runoff media spending
Spending since Jan. 1, 2019
Jon Ossoff (D) $89.2 $32.1 $121.3
Raphael Warnock (D) 78.5 17.3 95.8
David Perdue (R) 49.6 12.8 62.4
Kelly Loeffler (R) 49.4 19.0 68.4
American Crossroads (R) 48.3 0.0 48.3
Senate Leadership Fund (R) 47.0 35.9 82.9
Peachtree PAC (R) 42.9 0.0 42.9
Georgia Honor (D) 18.6 0.0 18.6
The Georgia Way (D) 15.5 0.0 15.5
One Nation (R) 15.4 11.1 26.5
All other 67.0 52.9 119.8
Total $521.3 $181.0 $702.3
Media spending by party
Dollars in millions.
Republican $282.6 $106.0 $388.6
Democrat 237.5 75.1 312.5
Other 1.3 0.0 1.3
Source: Media spending from Kantar/CMAG. Spending for TV, radio and some digital ads booked as of the date of the runoff, Jan. 5, 2021. The election pits incumbent David Perdue (R) against Jon Ossoff (D), and incumbent Kelly Loeffler (R) against Raphael Warnock (D).
Midterm political ads hit $4.7 billion (so far)—key data points and takeaways
The 6 most expensive, ad-soaked U.S. Senate midterm races


Sometimes all you need to refresh is a quick escape to a little seaside town.
On me: Timberland Belknap leather jacket, Glancy boots and clutch, J brand jeans, Vintage hat, Equipment turtleneck. On Erica: Timberland quilted bomber jacket and boots, Uniqlo turtleneck, Jbrand leather pants. Shot by Travis Lombardo in Port Jefferson NY.
Another adventure is about to kick off (NYFW!) but first I wanted to revisit some of my excursions from the past few weeks as it doesn't seem fitting to move forward without acknowledging the experiences you just went through.
These were more snaps taken on the road during our trip with Timberland two weeks ago. On this particular day, our #ModernTrail led us to the quaint seaside town of Port Jefferson. I could have spent hours on these docks: soaking up the bright winter sun, smelling that salty sea breeze, exploring the little boutiques, crafts and businesses along the water. There's something so calming about being so close and connected to the sea, observing the people and places that build their lives around its quiet strength. It's refreshing to say the least, and a nice moment for me to remember during what will soon be the mayhem of fashion week!


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Building the Power of Glass
Building the Power of Glass	08-Sep-2017
The power of glass just got a new boost with an innovative new technology that can help buildings generate their own electricity. Called Solar Squared, these glass blocks developed by researchers from the University of Exeter will be capable of converting the Sun's rays into electric power. The Exeter team has created a start-up company 'Build Solar' to produce & market Solar Squared. They are currently looking for investment to carry out the commercial testing of the product and hope to make it market-ready by 2018. While Solar Squared is like the regular glass blocks that are used to replace traditional bricks to allow natural daylight in, each glass block contains intelligent optics that focus incoming solar radiation on to small solar cells; This enhances the overall energy generated by each cell while allowing light in. The electricity that is thus generated can be used to power the building, be stored in batteries or even used to charge electric vehicles. Globally, buildings are known to consume more than 40 per cent of the electricity produced across the world. Solar Squared can be fit into new constructions or retrofitted into existing properties. Hence the glass blocks would allow electricity to be produced at the site of use, whilst being seamlessly integrated into the building. The Build Solar team also believe that their blocks have better thermal insulation than traditional glass blocks. Dr.Hasan Baig, founder of Build Solar and research fellow at Exeter's environment and sustainability institute, remarks: "BIPV is a growing industry with a 16 per cent annual growth rate. Setting up a company, which can cater to this growing market shall prove beneficial for the UK economy in the long term." Dr.Tapas Mallick, chief scientific advisor for Build Solar adds, "We are aiming to build integrated, affordable, efficient and attractive solar technologies, which have the smallest impact on the local landscape. It's an exciting venture and one that should capture the imagination of the construction industry, when looking to develop new office blocks and public buildings or infrastructure projects such as train stations and carparks." Co-inventor and Exeter's research commercialisation manager in Cornwall, Jim Williams, believes that the timing of the technology is favourable. He observes "It's now clear that the world is moving to a distributed energy system, of which a growing proportion is renewable. This, coupled with the shift to electric vehicles means that there are substantial opportunities for new ways of generating electricity at the point of use." Even as glass makes it mark as one of the most sustainable building materials, this new technology gives it the much-needed impetus. It not only reinforces glass as a power to reckon with, but also goes a long way in empowering buildings with self-sufficiency to meet their energy needs. Sources: https://futurism.com/buildings-to-generate-their-own-power-with-innovative-glass-blocks/ https://3c1703fe8d.site.internapcdn.net/newman/gfx/news/hires/2017/buildingstog.jpg http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-4795744/Buildings-generate-power-2018.html
Glazing the hall of fame
Glazing the hall of fame	04-May-2017
Holding fort over 100000sqm of space with 228 apartments, 100 fresh market produce stalls and 1200 parking lots, is the majestic market hall of Rotterdam – Markthal (Market Hall). When new laws in the Netherlands mandated covered areas for traditional open air meat and fish markets due to hygienic constraints, renowned architecture studio MVRDV came up with this award-winning marvel to evolve the market typology, densify the city centre, increase quality and the density of programming at Blaak Station. Markthal is designed to be a sustainable combination of food, leisure, living and parking, fully integrated to enhance and make the most of the synergetic possibilities of the different functions. The hall has been created from an arch of privately developed apartments, strategically allowing private investment and initiative to provide a public space. The result is a covered square which acts as a central market hall during the day and, after closing hours, is a lively ensemble with restaurants on its first floor. Its shape, the colourful interior and the height makes Markthal the unique spectacle that it is. The combination of an apartment building covering a fresh food market with food shops, restaurants, a supermarket and an underground parking is truly one of a kind and found absolutely nowhere else in the world. It was in October 2004 that the team of Provast developers and MVRDV won a competition organized by the city of Rotterdam for the design and construction of a market hall at Binnenrotte. The municipality wanted to extend the existing open air market with a covered addition. The building needed to be as open as possible to attract the public and at the same time had to be closed due to weather conditions. Keeping the closure as transparent as possible, a cable net façade was chosen which needs very few constructive elements. Its principle is similar to that of a tennis racket in which the steel cables are used as strings in between which the glass is mounted. This cable net façade is the largest of its kind in Europe. The art piece inside is visible from the outside and its lush shapes and colours invite the public to enter the building. There is no backside to Markthal; all sides are accessible. There are six separate entrances through which residents can reach their apartments. At the ground floor, the elevator is located at the inner façade while at the top floor, it is towards the outer façade. Each elevator hall services a maximum of four apartments, two of which have windows to the market and all have large glass fronts towards the outside. The apartments strictly adhere to the Dutch laws regarding natural day-light which means that all rooms that require natural light are situated on the outside. The front and backside are covered with a flexible suspended glass façade that allows for maximum transparency and a minimum of structure, which is the largest of its kind in Europe. Half the apartments have windows to the market and these windows are triple glazed to avoid distractions pertaining to sound and smell. As much as it is known for its architectural aesthetic, Markthal is also a lesson in sustainability. It is the recipient of the BREEAM Very Good certificate. The tenants of Markthal are signatories of a Green Lease Agreement that lays down the sustainable performance requirements. This encompasses the use of water, energy, waste and the use of healthy construction material. The building is connected to city heating and a thermal storage system underneath, which will also heat and cool a number of adjacent buildings in the surrounding area. Extensive research was done for the hall to create a comfortable interior climate with extremely low uses of energy. The hall is naturally ventilated and underneath the glass façade, fresh air flows in, rises towards the roof and leaves the hall through ventilation shafts in the roof. This is a thermic system which can function without any installations. A central monitoring system is used to exchange heat and cool between the different programmes which makes it possible to use lesser installations than what are normally used. The combination of housing, shopping centre, parking and market hall also makes the installation technology more efficient. Inside the market, an information panel illustrates the energy use and CO2 savings of the building. A smart sanitation system has also been designed to save water. On the recommendation of an ecologist, four large bat stays have been integrated into the façade while on the first floor, ten nests for swifts have been mounted to the wall. Markthal's unique architecture has won it several laurels, a few prominent ones that include GCSC Award for European Innovation 2016, DE, Rotterdam Architecture Award 2015, NL, WAN Mixed Use Award, UK, ESPA Gold Award, 2015, NL - for underground car park, among others. With its inimitable style and inherent sustainability, Markthal rightfully deserves to be in the hall of fame. Sources: http://www.archdaily.com/553933/markthal-rotterdam-mvrdv https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/markethall/ https://www.markthal.nl/en/car
Glass office, Class office
Glass office, Class office	25-Apr-2017
Construction of a swanky, new office is underway for the global pharma giant, Bristol-Myers Squibb, in the Lawrence Township of New Jersey. The Princeton Pike campus encompasses a 650,000 sq.ft. facility and is slated for completion in the winter of 2017. What will make it stand a class apart, is the extensive use of glass that will go into making it entirely glass-clad. Architects Gensler and contractor Torcon Inc. designed and installed four diverse glazing systems. A central glass atrium connects the four buildings configured into a H-shape. The glass atrium lies at the heart of the facility while the four-story glass walls and a clerestory flush the interiors with natural daylight. Project Architect, Brad King, AIA, says "Bristol-Myers Squibb wanted to take advantage of the 93 acres that surround the buildings and keep all spaces open to views and light. The atrium was different and unique. We had a vision for keeping it open but needed National's design-build expertise to get it right." Along with Design Director, Jeff Barber, AIA, King prioritized the configuration so it barely takes five minutes for an employee to reach colleagues on the opposite side of the structure. Designed to house 2500 employees, the entire structure comprises four different glazing systems: a butt-glazed unitized system, a captured unitized system, a captured curtain wall system, and a structurally glazed cassette system. The cassette system uses insulated glass units structurally glazed to a framework of thin metal hooks applied to four edges. The top and bottom hooks affix to hooks on a grid framework of tubular aluminum applied to the building steel. The shop-glazed system was used on the North and South entry walls as well as the East and West atrium walls. A screw-spline construction system was developed for the non-unitized curtain walls used at the ground level and at recessed areas. The method used ladder frames built in the shop. These have vertical mullions split in two that create a reveal on the back of the mullion and closely match the reveal on the back of the unitized system. This ensured harmony when the two different systems were installed side by side. The buildings angle subtly off from 90 degrees, and many of the facade recesses were accented with cantilevered glass fins. This created logistical and layout challenges to ensure that the unitized glazing system units fit perfectly. The glazing was executed on a tight schedule, taking six months to complete. Bristol-Myers Squibb is committed to creating spaces that are not a burden to the community or to the environment that they are part of. The Princeton Pike campus buildings are designed to meet LEED standards for energy and environmental design. While almost half of the 134-acre area will continue to remain working farmland, a portion of the campus will be linked to a network of walking trails. Locating the mechanical equipment underground to reduce noise, parking spaces for hybrid vehicles, indoor bicycle racks, and parking areas paved with porous pavements to reduce runoff and promote the recharge of groundwater aquifiers are some of the sustainability measures taken. The site plans to preserve the iconic Brearley Oak tree which is located opposite the Lenox Drive. The company also plans to introduce other such open work spaces in its campuses around the world. By prudently incorporating glass and a slew of other initiatives towards sustainability, Bristol-Myers Squibb is certainly raising the bar for corporate social responsibility. Source: https://www.glassonweb.com/news/four-glass-buildings-mark-dynamic-new-workplace https://news.bms.com/press-release/bristol-myers-squibb-build-state-art-campus-lawrenceville-nj
The London eye for luxury
The London eye for luxury	17-Apr-2017
A £1bn building crowned with a crown-shaped cluster of glass towers will soon gleam near London's O2 Arena. The iconic glass building is being planned as part of a major redevelopment of the area and will be linked to the Thames by a land bridge. Called the Peninsula Palace, the development will sit atop the North Greenwich underground station and adjacent to the O2. It is slated to span 1.4m sq ft, featuring 800 apartments that will include 200 "affordable" homes, along with offices, shops, restaurants, a cinema, a performance venue and a 500-room hotel. It is located just 2 minutes by tube to the financial district of Canary Wharf and 30 minutes by public transport to the London City Airport. The Peninsula Place is just one aspect – rather, the third phase - of an £8.4bn revamp of 150 acres of former industrial land and gasworks around the O2. It is pegged to be the biggest regeneration project executed by a single developer in the UK. The Spanish legendary architect, Santiago Calatrava, has been called upon to design his first structure in Britain. With the Athens Olympic Park and the new World Trade Centre transport hub in New York to his credit, the Peninsula Palace is hoped to be a piece of starchitecture from the celebrated architect. Mr Calatrava says, "It is an honour to be designing such a piece of the fabric of London, a city I love. In designing this scheme, I have been inspired by London's rich architectural heritage and the very special geography of the Peninsula." Knight Dragon, the Hong-Kong based developer, is behind the project. Richard Margree, Chief Executive, says that Mr Calatrava had been inspired by the work of Brunel in creating the great railway stations of London as well as the Crystal Palace built to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. But he adds that the finished design was "unashamedly modern" and passengers travelling to North Greenwich would arrive at "the single most astonishing Tube station in the UK." Sammy Lee, Vice Chairman of Knight Dragon, remarks, "My ambition is for Greenwich Peninsula to be a unique cultural destination for Londoners and visitors to this global city. Calatrava's contribution will help ensure that the UK's biggest regeneration project fulfils its potential to become just that." Mayor of London Sadiq Khan, says "Peninsula Place will create a new buzzing, cultural destination in the capital, which I'm confident will attract visitors not only from London, but around the globe. The iconic building - designed by world leading architect Santiago Calatrava - will be a truly fitting pathway onto the Peninsula, with the development offering an improved tube and bus station, alongside new shops and homes. This investment in key infrastructure in the capital is a vote of confidence post-Brexit and shows that London is open to business, trade and attracting the greatest talent from around the world." The images, released in February 2017, show a huge glass galleria and a 80 ft high "winter garden" atrium. It is topped by three towers of over 30 storeys each above the North Greenwich station. As the world waits for the Peninsula Place to be thrown open, glass once again establishes its supremacy as the building material of the future. Sources: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/first-images-revealed-of-1-billion-glass-landmark-in-londons-greenwich-peninsula-a7559096.html http://www.knightdragon.com/greenwich-peninsula/current http://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/first-images-of-spectacular-1bn-glass-landmark-at-north-greenwich-a3456121.html
Zaha Hadid architects the world's tallest atrium
Zaha Hadid architects the world^s tallest atrium	11-Apr-2017
Perhaps few other professions offer the privilege of posterity that architecture does. Because, even as architects pass on, their work of art remains etched in eternity. Like Zaha Hadid. Gone too soon, one of her last designs before her sudden demise, is what will now be celebrated as the world's tallest atrium. Location The 207-meter skyscraper is located in the Lize Financial Business District of Beijing. It is a new, business, residential and transport hub that has come up in the south-western part of the bustling city. Building The 'Leeza SOHO' is a mixed-use building sprawled over 172,800 square meters of space for homes, shops and offices across its 46 storeys. Slated for completion in 2018, it will be the tallest in the burgeoning district. Design The 190-meter tall atrium is designed to rise to the full height of the building, uniting in the process, two twisting sections spanning 172,800 square meters of office and residential space. Right at the base of the tower, the twin sections diverge to accommodate the subway tunnel that is coming up. A 45 degree twist in the atrium has been fashioned as it goes up, to keep in line with Lize Road, an important location in the vicinity. Hence the form of the design has been meticulously aligned with the city surrounding it. Glass The atrium's 'twist' has been designed so as to allow natural light and panoramic views of the city from the centre of all floors. "The atrium space has been carefully sculpted to offer panoramic views and the use of natural daylight," says Satoshi Ohashi, director of Zaha Hadid Architects in China. "The sound will be controlled and engineered so that the building's mechanical equipment, ventilation system, and elevators/elevator shafts that have a chimney effect are protected with insulation to reduce noise levels." The sky bridges on structural rings at each refuge/MEP level and a double-insulated glass façade ensure that the two halves of the tower merge within a single cohesive envelope. The double-insulated, unitized glass curtain-wall system steps the glazing units on each floor at an angle, thereby allowing ventilating registers to draw outside air through an operable cavity whenever required. This helps in the creation of an extremely efficient environmental control for each floor. The tower provides self-shading for the atrium's public space below while double-insulated low-e glazing (U=2.0W/m²K; SC=0.4) and envelope insulation (U=0.55 W/m²K) maintain a comfortable indoor environment in the city known for its extreme weather conditions. Therefore, behind the spectacular facade of the Leeza SOHO, lie the incredible benefits that only glass can offer. Sustainability With the LEED Gold certification as target, Zaha Hadid Architects have deployed an advanced 3D BIM energy management system that will monitor real-time environmental control and energy efficiency within the Leeza Soho. Integrating heat-recovery from exhaust air, high-efficiency pumps and fans, chillers and boilers, lighting and controls, in addition to water-collection, low-flow rate fixtures, grey water flushing and landscape irrigation are also the other sustainability measures that are being adopted. Low VOC materials will be installed throughout the building to minimize interior pollutants, and when required, high-efficiency filters will remove PM2.5 particles via the air-handling system. In a bid to encourage eco-friendliness among the occupants, 2,680 bicycle parking spaces with lockers and shower facilities will be made available. Dedicated charging spaces for electric/hybrid cars will also be located below the ground. Team Leeza Soho is one of four project collaborations between Zaha Hadid Architects and Soho China. Together, they account for a whopping 15m sq ft (1.4m sq m) of award-winning office and retail space. As Zhang Xin, CEO of Soho China puts it "China attracts the best talent from around the world. It's important to work with architects who understand what the next generation requires; connecting communities and traditions with new technologies and innovations to embrace the future." Sources: https://www.dezeen.com/2017/02/16/leeza-soho-zaha-hadid-architects-beijing-tower-worlds-largest-atrium-architecture-china/ http://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/how-zaha-hadid-architects-designed-worlds-largest-atrium https://www.masterbuilder.co.in/zaha-hadid-architects-design-46-storey-tower-china-worlds-tallest-atrium/ http://www.theinteriordirectory.com/zaha-hadid-architects-world%E2%80%99s-tallest-atrium-comes-beijing http://www.archdaily.com/805504/zaha-hadid-architects-releases-images-of-leeza-soho-tower-with-the-worlds-tallest-atrium
The (re)making of a classic
The (re)making of a classic	30-Jan-2017
The Recognition The Shulman Home and Studio is the recipient of the 2016 Residential Architect Design Awards in the category 'Restoration/Preservation'. The Genesis Set in the Hollywood Hills, The Shulman Home and Studio is a mid-century house originally commissioned by photographer Julius Shulman and designed by Raphael Soriano. The blueprint was drawn in 1950, construction began in 1949 and in nine months, it was ready for occupation. This 1950s house is one of the twelve remaining Soriano projects and the only one with an unaltered steel frame. When it was designated as a Los Angeles Cultural-Historic Monument in 1987, it was nominated by celebrated critic Esther McCoy, doyenne of Southern California Modernism. The Present Today, the Shulman Home and Studio is home to a young family, thanks to a sensitively executed restoration project by Lorcan O'Herlihy Architects (LOHA). The Architects To retain the authenticity of the project, LOHA delved deep into the design intent of the original, along with its counterparts from that era. The Shulman Home was restored under strict preservation guidelines under the aegis of the Los Angeles Office of Historical Resources. The house being a residence and not a museum, LOHA was granted more leeway in upgrading it with state-of-the-art features and amenities. Before the Shulman Home, LOHA has to its credit, renovation expertise and experience of two Richard Neutra homes in California and an 1847 coach house in Dublin, the Flynn Mews House. The Restoration The quintessential indoor-outdoor California lifestyle was brought forward by restoring the original sequenced glass panes and pairing them with a parallel system of adjustable screening veils. These transitional spaces were integral to the Shulman family and now continues to be relished by the new family as well. The all-cork entry sequence was retained from the original. With a lot of existing built-in storage and furniture around, LOHA introduced custom cabinetry and woodwork. This included an integrated shelving system and cantilevered bench. Smaller, energy-efficient HVAC systems were inserted into the cabinetry to create sustainable spaces. Hence a centralized cooling system was deftly avoided which would have otherwise tampered with the flat roofline of the house. A new concrete floor was set, and what was once an under-lit hallway is now illuminated with a skylight. A guest bedroom has been accommodated without making any alteration to the steel frame. The plumbing and heating systems have been brought in line to surpass current standards, paving the way for redesigning the kitchens and washrooms. The Verdict Juror Dan Maginn termed the restoration as "very respectful, but also fearless. The architects went for it in a couple of areas, but the changes are definitely within the original DNA of the Schulman house." Juror Kevin Kudo-King says. "I love seeing when architects know not to change things to create good architecture. It's a great refresh, and still very respectful of the bones that are there. I think it's a great project." Sources: http://www.architectmagazine.com/project-gallery/shulman-home-and-studio_o http://www.archdaily.com/780059/schulman-home-and-studio-lorcan-oherlihy-architects http://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/8826-shulman-home-studio?v=preview https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shulman_House
The Glazing on the Cake
The Glazing on the Cake	31-Dec-2016
The Elbphilharmonie is what one would call the icing on the cake, or rather, glazing on the cake! And what better way to describe it than this, as it sits majestically on top of the erstwhile warehouse Kaispeicher in the HafenCity part of Hamburg? The new glass building perched atop is redefining the city's skyline with its wave-like design, changing avatars as it captures the reflections of the sky, the water and the landscape. Designed by the Swiss architectural firm Herzog & De Meron, the Elbphilharmonie is inspired by the ancient Delphi theatre, sports stadia and tents. More than a decade of unstinted dedication has been put in by the architects to piece together this work of art. Elphi, as it is fondly called, is the tallest inhabited building in Hamburg. At 360 ft, it houses two concert halls, a hotel and residential apartments. Between the glass building and the warehouse is a public viewing space called the Plaza, where visitors can take in panoramic views of the city even without a ticket. The most striking feature of the Elbphilharmonie is without a doubt, the glass facade. 1,000 curved window panels have been customized to reflect the hues of the sky, the rays of the sun, the water and the city, transforming the concert hall into a gigantic crystal. The last of the panels were attached to the rolling rooftop on January 31st 2014, marking the completion of the facade and the exterior of the Elphi. The glass facades of the apartments and concert foyers are a sight to behold, resembling huge tuning forks with their boldly convex form. January 11th, 2017, will go down in history as the date on which music will resonate through The Grand Hall of the Elbphilharmonie, for the first time ever. Nearly 10000 sheets of gypsum fibre panels cover the surface of the walls and the ceilings in The Grand Hall. Rising magnificently like a tent, the Hall is a harmony of architectural and acoustic excellence, and can seat 2100 people at a time. The vineyard-like seating arrangement is a seamless setting that breaks down any barrier between the audience and the musicians. The Elbphilharmonie is a symphony of old-world charm and modernism. What once used to be a storehouse of cocoa, tea and tobacco, the Kaispeicher now lets the monumental glass building rest on it. Architecture is not always about starting something phenomenal from out of nowhere; sometimes, it is about embracing the old and making it timeless. Sources: https://www.elbphilharmonie.de/en/elbphilharmonie http://www.archdaily.com/802093/elbphilharmonie-hamburg-herzog-and-de-meuron?utm_campaign=trueAnthem:+Trending+Content&utm_content=586206eb04d30132a4c0e13c& utm_medium=trueAnthem&utm_source=twitter https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/nov/06/elbphilharmonie-hamburg-herzog-de-meuron-costly-castle-in-the-air#img-1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbphilharmonie
Basking in the glory of glass
Basking in the glory of glass	28-Dec-2016
The Basque Health Department Headquarters at Bilbao is nothing short of an architectural marvel in glass. Bilbao, already made famous on the tourist map by the Guggenheim Museum designed by Frank Gehry, has one more reason now for visitors to flock the town. The Basque Health Department HQ, a project by Coll-Barreu Arquitectos, carries forward Gehry's vision with a landmark in angular glass. Its futuristic and unique origami-typed structure is certain to make its mark in the history of architecture. The building is located at Basque Country in North-Eastern Spain on the last site that had remained unbuilt on the administrative and Business Center of Bilbao. The construction of the new building was conceived to bring the staff together, who were earlier scattered across different premises. This would not only improve the efficiency of their services, but also make the corporation more easily recognizable. The city's constricted building code resulted in the creation of this iconic design, a folded double facade that ropes in energy-efficiency and aesthetics together. It lets in multiple vistas and also solves concerns pertaining to energy, fire-resistant and acoustic insulation. The facade helped to eliminate the need for installing conventional air-conditioning and false ceiling. There is a two story atrium that opens to a roof deck, where day-lit meetings are held. The volume occupied across each floor was also dramatically reduced, creating significant savings in resources that would otherwise be consumed by construction. For better use of the land, the seven stories below the roof encompass the office space and a subterranean three floor robotic parking lot. The car lifts make all the basement levels accessible. The first basement comprises the auditorium, its foyer and appendages. The double height of the building is taken up by the board hall. The building has been recognized with its share of honors. It won the First Prize in an ideas competition
, and was nominated to the European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture-Mies van der Rohe Award. It was honored at the 10th Spanish Biennial of Architecture and Urbanism. The Basque Health Department Headquarters is a perfect example of how facades are truly the face of a building. From adding glitz to packing energy-efficiency, glass has delivered both style and sustainability - key elements that will keep the building in the pink of health! Sources: http://www.e-architect.co.uk/bilbao/basque-health-department-headquarters http://inhabitat.com/origami-like-glass-building-has-a-striking-folded-facade/basque-health-department-headquarters/ http://www.archdaily.com/7093/basque-health-department-headquarters-in-bilbao-coll-barreu-arquitectos http://www.thecoolist.com/glass-buildings-15-creative-uses-of-glass-in-architecture/
Diving into the depths of design
Diving into the depths of design	19-Dec-2016
Just a walk into the headquarters of Windward ensures that it warrants no introduction to the company. After all, everything about the place suggests that it's a mariner's delight. Specially calculated open acoustic barriers, a supra-structure of 14 new rusted metal columns, rough wood, untreated concrete core walls and bold rusted metalwork as main materials make sure that the architectural ethos is never at sea with Windward's core values. The Client Pioneers of the first maritime data platform - Windward Mind – Windward is renowned for its data and analytics on the maritime domain. Combining shipping expertise and extensive data, Windward Mind analyses global maritime data and makes it accessible across verticals. It gives indispensable insight into the entire gamut of the maritime spectrum to enable decision making across diverse industries. Windward sought the services of architects Roy David Studio for its new headquarters at Tel Aviv, Israel. The Architects Roy David Studio is an architecture, design and concept-driven practice based in Tel Aviv. It is known to offer an experiential and holistic approach to design by integrating digital art, landscape and architecture to create compelling and thought-provoking spaces. The studio combines an intelligent, pragmatic response to each client's brief with a thorough understanding of the opportunities created by site and context. Its repertoire of projects encompasses large private houses, restaurants, offices, commercial complexes, major multi-residential, hotels, public building & international competitions. Roy David Studio's work is defined by a passion for light, space and natural materials combined with the use of new technologies such as 3D planning and parametric design, coupled with an acute awareness of the sustainability challenges facing the built environment of today's complex aspects of society. The Location 1200 sqm of space bears pride of place for the Windward HQ at Tel Aviv. The office is located on the 35th floor of the Adgar Tower, in the emerging business metropolis. It lies in close proximity to the Nokia Stadium in eastern Tel Aviv. The Design Strategy The design strategy finds its bearings in the way the space has been planned. The circular layout posed a challenging task for the architecture team, which they had to resolve in just a couple of months. As part of the overall design process, the company wanted their layout to be open space. This strategy created a series of unique technical approaches designed in collaboration with the execution company, Shin Angel. "The space is intelligently designed so that it mimics the environment the Windward company undergoes its activity in. We wanted to shift our design strategy so that the space would not reflect a luxurious yacht design but that of the harsh industrial ports. It's this contrast between an industrial port atmosphere and high-end tailored made office furniture elements that sets the space apart from any other project we did. With the use of CNC rough industrial metal elements, custom designed partitions, furniture and light fixtures, the space is designed in a coherent language dictated by the core values of the Windward company and the architecture studio's vision", says Roy David, architect and founder of Roy David Architecture. It is not often that a client's vision gets translated, literally, into architectural vistas. But the Windward HQ is a testimony to the single-minded purpose shared dually by the client and the architect, in creating an edifice that is making waves by plumbing new depths in design. Sources: http://www.archdaily.com/796501/winward-hq-roy-david-studio?utm_medium=email&utm_source=ArchDaily%20List http://www.e-architect.co.uk/israel/windward-hq-in-tel-aviv
Solar-powered high-rise set to rise in Melbourne
Solar-powered high-rise set to ^rise^ in Melbourne	29-Nov-2016
In what looks like a bright future for sustainable design, an Australian firm, Peddle Thorp, has come up with a proposal for the country's first ever skyscraper that will be powered by solar energy. Named Sol Invictus (after the Roman Sun God, meaning The Invincible Sun), the 60-story building will flank the Southbank neighbourhood of Melbourne. It will have 3,000 square meters of solar panels on its facade and another 300 square meters on its rooftop. In fact, it is slated to be the city's first solar-powered apartment high-rise as well as the first skyscraper in Australia to have solar panels on its facade and not just on its rooftop. The glass exterior wrapped in solar cells will provide residents with 'off-the-grid" power akin to Tesla batteries. Peter Brook from the firm explains that the decision to add solar panels to the building's glass facade was a practical one, and not just about aesthetics. He says, "We get an enormous area of solar panels by comparison to running them across the roof. The facade will create a greater surface area for catching the sun's rays." The building will be "orientated to deliberately capture the sun's movement from east to west throughout the day." While it will be able to use that energy to generate 50 percent of its base load power, the firm is ambitious about scaling up that figure. High-tech solar materials sourced from China, wind turbines on the roof, double glazing, battery storage system to support 520 apartments and low-energy LED lighting will be the other significant environment-friendly features. In the two years since designing the tower was started, tremendous advancement in solar technology has been witnessed. Peddle Thorp hopes to cash in on the latest technologies before construction of the building commences. The building site of Sol Invictus' at 42-48 Moray Street directly abuts the King Street off-ramp of the West Gate Freeway. The building's proximity to the freeway should not pose a problem say the architects, since living spaces start only on the 11th floor; the lower levels will be dedicated to car parks, commercial offices and shops. The apartments (one, two and three bedroom flats) will be designed to be 'exceptionally large' and there will also be room for public/private amenities, including a childcare and medical centre. The design for Sol Invictus has been submitted to Richard Wynne, the Minister of Planning for the state of Victoria. Sources: http://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/news/off-grid-building-gets-a-boost-with-new-solar-powe http://www.smh.com.au/business/property/first-solarpowered-apartment-skyscraper-to-rise-in-melbourne-20160819-gqwv76.html http://www.designboom.com/architecture/solar-powered-skyscraper-melbourne-peddle-thorp-sol-invictus-tower-08-29-2016/ http://news.buzzbuzzhome.com/2016/09/solar-panels-power-melbourne-skyscraper.html
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Jeremy Doss held off Derek Thorn, after lap 120 contact propelled Doss to the lead in a Herculean battle between the two SPEARS SRL Southwest Tour Series Champions. Doss emerged with the $5,000 win at All American Speedway and added another chapter to the rivalry between the two West coast heavyweights. Jacob Gomes finished third with Cole Moore fourth and Linny White fifth. Full results to follow.


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North-east's 'virtuoso' technical skills will provide net zero solutions claims MP
The North-east's 'virtuoso' ability in oil and gas will play a major role in the UK's green energy commitments, a local MP has claimed.
North-east libraries to become testbeds for rural entrepreneurship
North-east libraries are to be transformed into centres to support rural entrepreneurship and drive local economic growth.
Top business award for Banchory firm
A Deeside company has won a leading business award.
Hospitality initiative for students
Leading names from the Deeside hospitality sector have united to introduce a new apprenticeship scheme.
Alford Day Nursery goes on the market
An Aberdeenshire nursery is on the market with a price tag of £455,000.
Plans for new grouse shooting venue at Tarland
The Deeside economy could soon be boosted after plans were lodged to create a new grouse shooting venue.
Opposition welcomes commitment
Aberdeenshire Council's Opposition group has welcomed a commitment given by council officers to improve the authority's efforts to inform the public about their right to be involved in shaping public services.
MP warns bank against further reduction in service
West Aberdeenshire and Kincardine MP Andrew Bowie has welcomed confirmation that TSB branches in his constituency will not close – but has warned against any further reduction in service.
Accountancy firm names new partner
A local accountant has been appointed a partner at the firm she joined as a student.
Reprieve for Deeside bus service
An under-threat Deeside bus service has won a reprieve.
Banchory store's expansion boost
A Deeside furniture business is set to nearly double its workforce.
These are the best airlines in Europe, according to TripAdvisor
Choosing an airline to travel abroad is typically swayed by price, but paying less money doesn't always guarantee the best service.
It's a marmalade hat trick for the castle team
The team at Kincardine Castle Kitchen are celebrating a hat-trick of success after winning gold for the third year in a row at the world's most prestigious marmalade awards.
Council confirms windfarm objection
A proposed windfarm on the edge of the Cairngorms National Park would make "a landscape of wind turbines, not a landscape with turbines".
Increase in visitor numbers to Aberdeenshire sites
Visitor attractions in Deeside have experienced a busy 2018.
Positive feedback from Banchory business workshop
A business initiative in Banchory to help struggling local traders has been rated a success.
CE marking after Brexit
The current CE safety certificate symbol, which shows consumers that an item meets legal requirements, belongs to the EU.
Brexit and data protection - will firms still have to comply with the new EU GDPR?
Rules around how businesses and organisations can use, collect and store your personal data are currently regulated at an EU-level under the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
Banchory business workshop to support traders
Efforts to support struggling High Street businesses in Banchory will be stepped up next week.


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Home / Fire Stories
Fire in 1788
Bill Gammage
Fire Stories
Aborigines made Australia in 1788, by using fire or no fire to nourish and distribute plants, and plant distribution to locate animals — that is, animals, birds, reptiles and insects. People made a plant community such as grass or open forest a favourable habitat, associated communities to link feed to shelter, and used associations to lure animals. This put every species on ground it preferred, while people knew where their resources were and, subject to Law, could harvest them as they chose. They could make paddocks without fences, because in Australia, almost uniquely, the only large predators to disturb prey were people. People were not aimless hunter-gatherers; they planned and worked hard to make plants and animals abundant, convenient and predictable. They depended not on chance, but on policy.
How? In a phrase, "think universal, act local". Management was universally enforced by religious sanction. To simplify greatly a complex theology, the essence of the Dreaming is conservationist, whatever its social applications. All things with shape — people, ancestors, animals, plants, stars, earth, wind, diseases — are grouped as totems, and those of the same totem must care for each other: an emu man must look after emus and their habitat, and they must look after him, and so on. This bond was illustrated in western Victoria in March 1854, when William Thomas
was out with a celebrated Western Port black tracking five other blacks. The tracks had been lost some days at a part of the country where we expected they must pass. We ran down a creek; after going some miles a [koala] bear made a noise as we passed. The black stopped, and a parley commenced. I stood gazing alternately at the black and the bear. At length my black came to me and said, "Me big one stupid; bear tell me no go you that way". We immediately crossed the creek, and took a different track. Strange as it may appear, we had not altered our course above one and a half miles before we came upon the tracks of the five blacks, and never lost them after. (Bride 426–27)
Probably man and bear were of the same totem; if so, as well as a general duty to all life, each had immutable obligations to the other, which each neglected at the risk of the very existence of their totem, including, of course, them.
The totem system mattered to 1788 management for three reasons. First, totems were local. There was no point being a seagull woman in spinifex country. Yet the system applied across Australia's immense diversity of climate and terrain, entrenching in Law a single estate. This was a remarkable intellectual achievement. Second, the system privileged specialists, experts in caring for all relating to their totem, alert to its well-being, ready to argue or negotiate to protect it, dedicated to its ceremonies. Third, the system meant that no country could be excluded or neglected. You couldn't have totems in one place and not next door. You couldn't have wilderness. You could have plants like mangroves or dense scrub with fallen timber not touched for generations, but they were as fully under Law as grass burnt annually, and always in mind.
Fire is an important totem. From an early age everyone studied it, and fire totem people and plants devoted their lives to it. It makes land comfortable, comforting, bountiful and beautiful. People grieve at unburnt country gone wild, and feel joy at well burnt country. "[Fire] brings the land alive again", Dean Yibarbuk declared, "When we do burning the whole land comes alive again — it is reborn" (qtd. in Langton 1), and Dinah Marrngawi exclaimed, "Look! All of you, look to the distance, look north, look east, look west, the islands are burning, this is how it should be, this is how it was when the old people were alive, look this country is burning it has been lifted up, we have embraced it again" (qtd. in Rose 26).
Fire lives in language. Yanyuwa people have single words for "badly burnt country", "well burnt country, good to hunt on", and "lighting small fires in a row, to burn a beach front or a large plain" (Rose 27). West Arnhem people have phrases for "low, creeping fires" and for "cleaning the country" with hot fires (Russell-Smith 82; Russell-Smith et al. 174). East of Perth people had one word for every stage of a burn: "ground clothed with vegetation which has not yet been burned", "unburned ground, but ready for burning. Land of which the vegetation is abundant and dry, fit to be set on fire", "ground where vegetation has been burnt", "burned ground", and "young grass springing up after the country has been burned … the seed of any plant" (Moore 12, 45, 60, 81). Most striking, in southwest Australia kalla meant "fire; a fire; (figuratively) an individual's district; a property in land" (Moore 39). Kalla made fire intimate to how people lived, blending heart, soul and Law with country. It still means both fire and the country a person is responsible for. None of these words have an English equivalent; none describe random fire.
Five features marked 1788 fire. It was planned; it was precise; it could be repeated hence predicted; it was organised locally; and it was universal — like songlines it united Australia. People accepted its price. They must be mobile, constantly attendant, and have few fixed assets. In return they could ration fire's feed, unleash but never free it, and move it about, sustaining more diversity than any natural fire regime could conceivably maintain. It was scalpel more than sword, taming the most fire-prone country on earth to welcome its periodic refreshing, its kiss of life. Far from a feared enemy, fire was the closest ally (Gammage 185).
Newcomers saw this alliance at work. In southwest Australia in November 1840, John Lort Stokes met a party of
natives engaged in burning the bush, which they do in sections every year. The dexterity with which they manage so proverbially dangerous an agent as fire is indeed astonishing. Those to whom this duty is especially entrusted, and who guide or stop the running flame, are armed with large green boughs, with which, if it moves in the wrong direction, they beat it out … I can conceive no finer subject for a picture than a party of these swarthy beings engaged in kindling, moderating, and directing the destructive element, which under their care seems almost to change its nature, acquiring, as it were, complete docility, instead of the ungovernable fury we are accustomed to ascribe to it (Stokes 228).
In Victoria at the same time, docile fires were, as a Scottish visitor put it:
common during the summer … The flames came on at a slow pace … as the grass happened to be short, the fiery line seldom rose above the fuel on which it fed; and it would have been no difficult matter to have leapt across it … The frequency of these fires is the principal cause of the absence of underwood, that renders the forest so pervious in all directions, and gives to Australia the park-like appearance which all agree in considering its characteristic feature (Murray 199–201).
These examples illustrate a crucial difference in how Australians see landscape fire. Non-Aborigines see a threat, capable of destroying people and property with "ungovernable fury". Aborigines know an ally, as much a friend in the bush as in the fireplace. One group reduces fire to "complete docility"; the other cannot imagine that this is possible. This is no small difference. It means that landscape fire almost completely changed character after 1788: from being docile, it became wild. A Central Australian elder stated, "before the arrival of white people Anungu did not know about really large bushfires, but now they do … the country had been properly looked after and it was not possible for such things as large scale bushfires to occur" (Reid et al 95), and a Darling River pioneer noted "a remarkable characteristic of the aborigine … the care taken by them to prevent bushfires. In my long experience I have never known any serious bushfire caused by the blacks" (Simpson 3–4). Compare this with Black Summer, Black Saturday, Black Thursday, Ash Wednesday, and any other black day. Such fires have devastated every state capital except, significantly, Darwin, seemingly among the most flammable. Most killed people. Killer fires, unstoppable, typify modern Australia.
How did people survive them in 1788? How did they survive the flames, and how did they survive the aftermath, the black, foodless wastelands? Killer fires could annihilate local groups, while a day's fire might eat a year's food: what then? Traditions and genealogies, incomplete as they are, should show constant proofs of fiery death. They do not. This is extraordinary.
Since people could not fight or outrun black days, they prevented them, by controlling fuel. If ever a people lived by the proverb "prevention is better than cure", it was the people of 1788. They had to plan fire regimes yet allow for fires caused by arson (though the Law made that rare), lightning, escapes and war. Without such provision, land management was at best a risk and at worst pointless.
People burnt on most days: small patch fires on cold wet days which became mini fire-breaks as the country dried; bigger fires following the drying country; if necessary, hot summer fires to clean up what was left. Thus, in most places there was simply not enough fuel for killer fires, and where there was, for example tall dry grass or dense forest with scrub, people ringed it with fire-breaks and perhaps kept away at dangerous times. We think those people improvident, but what is our own last defence against uncontrolled fire? Pray for rain.
Fuel control was only a beginning. I see five stages in 1788 fire's purpose:
Control fuel
Maintain diversity
Balance species
Ensure abundance
Locate resources conveniently and predictably
Non-Aborigines today battle to achieve stage 1, admire the objectives of stages 2 to 4, and can't imagine stage 5. Yet the five stages show the great benefit and potential of managing land with fire and no fire.
This table is not perfect: for example, it omits no fire which was as much a tool as fire, and it doesn't locate animals, but it does convey the subtlety and variety of 1788 fire:
table 1. Management Fires: "A fire a day keeps bushfires away"
You see that fire was almost infinitely varied: big, little, hot, cool, patch burns, sheet burns, changes in extent, frequency, timing and thus intensity according to season, purpose and circumstance.
By no means was all 1788 fire "fire-stick farming". In 1968, Rhys Jones coined this term to describe one fire type: patch-burning grass to bring on green growth to lure grazing animals (Jones 224–28). But this was an end-point, a harvesting. It was common in 1788 and visible in the record now, but it was used on ground that other fires had made ready long before, including those hot fires so hard to control but so essential to regenerate some plant species, clean country, and hunt in season. The misunderstanding reflects how blind most of us are about sustainable fire management: we miss how much it depends on prior planning and preparation. To think fire-stick farming was all people did in 1788 is like confusing burning sugarcane with farming sugar.
Across fire's complex variety one factor was constant: fire was controlled. As Ludwig Leichhardt put it in 1845, it was part of the "systematic management" of country (355). Law united Australia philosophically, fire united it ecologically. Local expertise was crucial not because of universal fire, but because of local plant variety. The genius of 1788 fire was that no matter what the plant community, people everywhere used fire successfully to make country useful, abundant and beautiful.
Note that word, "beautiful". After "bush", the most common word newcomers used to describe the land was "park", a word marking how Europe's gentry made land useful and beautiful. In Australia newcomers saw parks but not gentry. "The country looked very pleasant and fertile", Sydney Parkinson wrote in 1770, "and the trees, quite free from underwood, appeared like plantations in a gentleman's park" (134). Robert Dawson thought the country inland from Port Stephens (NSW) truly beautiful:
[I]t was thinly studded with single trees, as if planted for ornament … It is impossible therefore to pass through such a country … without being perpetually reminded of a gentleman's park and grounds. Almost every variety of scenery presented itself … The first idea is that of an inhabited and improved country, combined with the pleasurable associations of a civilized society (103).
In Tasmania, John Hudspeth praised a "beautiful and rich valley … more like a gentleman's park in England, laid out with taste, than land in its natural state" (qtd. in Giblin 306), and W. H. Leigh thought the country south of Adelaide "a wild but beautiful park, which reminded one of the domain of an English noble" (qtd. in Moon 45). There are hundreds of such remarks. Fire worked its magic across Australia.
Parks were even in the far inland, that harsh country which horrified and sometimes killed newcomers. West of the Darling, Charles Sturt came on "a beautiful park-like plain covered with grass, having groups of ornamental trees scattered over it … I never saw a more beautiful spot. It was, however, limited in extent, being not more than eight miles in circumference … encircled by a line of gum-trees" (286–87). This is the language of England. The plain is park-like because it reminds Sturt of English parks. Like a park it is limited in extent, but prettily bounded. It has scattered groups of trees, which in England could only be, as Sturt put it, "ornamental". And it had grass. Across the inland grass evoked parks. On the Eyre Peninsula Edward Eyre "passed through a very pretty grassy and park-like country" (190); north of Glen Helen, Egerton Warburton saw "country … beautiful, with park-like scenery and splendid grass" (148); in the west Petermann Ranges, Ernest Giles noted "a fine piece of open grassy country — a very park-like piece of scenery" (176); in bleak country north of Lake Eyre, J. W. Lewis met "a plain thickly grassed and studded with fine green gum trees, most park-like in appearance" (Journal).
People worked hard for that. Managing fire and its ceremonies was 1788's hardest and most constant work. Doing nothing was not an option. Hardly a day passed without a fire being lit somewhere, always according to Law, always with purpose, often as part of a larger fire plan — of course adjusted to circumstance, as seasons vary, rain is erratic, plants have life cycles, animals populate unevenly, fire has long and short term effects, people differ on what to favour. Elders were responsible for any fire, even a campfire, lit on land in their care. They decided what to burn, when, and how, but in deciding obeyed strict protocols with ancestors, neighbours and specialist managers. "What must be made absolutely clear, is that the rules for fire and fire use are many and varied, and are dependent upon an intimate knowledge of the physical and spiritual nature of each portion of the land. Without this knowledge, it is impossible to care for country in the appropriate way" (Kelly 11) and "You sing the country before you burn it. In your mind you see the fire, you know where it is going, and you know where it will stop. Only then do you light the fire" (Rumsey and Weiner 109). Hard-won local expertise blended with knowing fire as a living part of the Dreaming, subject to Law via ceremony.
The gains were immense. Fire's challenge became opportunity. Controlled fire averted uncontrolled fire, fire or no fire distributed plants and attracted or deterred grazing animals and therefore predators with the precision of a flame edge. All was placed where fire or no fire put it. Australia was not natural in 1788, but made. This was the greatest achievement in our history.
Are there lessons for today? Much has changed since 1788. Australia endures continuing invasions of feral people, animals and plants, and an ignorant and increasing population much less evenly distributed than in 1788, most with eyes fixed on the wider world. If being Australian means being able to look after our own place, we have far to go. On this long road, we should consider Australia's soil, especially compaction, erosion, salinity and topsoil loss; surface fresh water loss following watercourses cutting deeper and summer plant cover being destroyed or reduced; the value of local initiative and control linked to Australia-wide management values. Here, I mention fire, species protection and control, and Aboriginal expertise.
In 1788, grass was central to healthy country. Grassland carried many useful plants, and most animals with most meat. It was a firebreak, it made seeing and travelling easier, and it confined forest, making forest resources more predictable. Almost always it took the best soil, and probably there was more grass then than now. Today, trees are central. Australia has a National Tree Day, when we plant trees to "regenerate" the bush. We don't have a National Grass Day and don't seem likely to. This bias means that we let trees and scrub run wild, and not only in parks and reserves. There is nothing "green" about this. Inevitably, it fuels killer fires, and even without fire it endangers grassland plants and animals.
We should burn more. A few months after the February 2009 fires, I saw on television people joyful at the bush regenerating. I was dismayed. Another fire cycle was beginning, to end in another killer fire twenty to forty years on. In 1788, people would never have let that happen, because their children could not have survived the coming holocaust. Instead, in autumn and winter 2009, they would have burnt big patches of new growth with cool fires, then over the years regularly burnt to keep those patches clear. Most scrub species need hot fire to regenerate; cool fires won't let that mid-height scrub layer take hold to lift flames from ground to canopy. It was no accident that newcomers delighting in 1788's parks so often reported no "underwood". That not only made parks; it was a vital fuel control.
Many non-Aborigines oppose frequent burning. Black ground is ugly, and smoke is unpleasant and unhealthy: it pollutes water, causes asthma, dirties washing and so on. All true, but does this justify letting fuel run amok, and in time even bigger fires devastate? And can the result really remain ugly when so many early newcomers praised so much country as beautiful and park-like? Of course we must make more smoke now than then, because we've let fuel build up. It is a daunting task to return to 1788's safer balance, but 1788 shows us the rewards if we do. If you truly know how to use fire you can manage any vegetation, from spinifex to rainforest.
Thinking how to reconcile fuel control with species protection illuminates how alarmingly remote we are from 1788's skills. In 1788, people put every species in habitats each not merely tolerated, but preferred. This added immense complexity to any fuel control plan. Today, that complexity splits firies from greenies, often hostile to and contemptuous of each other. This badly misses the big picture. It blocks a crucial alliance of immense potential, blinds us to what we must learn to care for our country, and demonstrates a need for Aboriginal leadership.
1788 can help answer key questions about endangered species. Why did they flourish then? How was their habitat conserved? What changes have damaged it since? Think how many plants and animals have declined or become extinct since 1788. No network of totem specialists alert to changes in range or abundance or habitat guarded them. Often we didn't even notice their going until too late or nearly, nor even now do we know why they vanished. Tim Flannery, concerned and knowledgeable, writes of a range of small marsupials, "The causes of these extraordinary extinctions are thought to have been varied" (8). That's a cop-out, but don't blame Tim: blame us newcomers. We don't manage. We can't control fire; we can't care for Australia's unique species. We know so little.
Historical records apart, non-Aborigines only recently began to learn the value of fire in species protection. As late as 1969, Rhys Jones's fire-stick farming essay noted, "Leadbeater's Possum, once thought to be almost extinct in Victoria, increased its numbers after several large fires had provided it with its preferred habitat". He meant uncontrolled fires, for he continued, "I have been interested to read in recent weeks that a policy of burning-off may be initiated as a new method of forest conservation" (227–28). We have since learned more about how dependent many plants and animals are on well-timed and well-spaced fire, and how crucial habitat maintenance is. Tim Flannery's Quarterly Essay describes the fine results of the alliance between ecologists and the Australian Wildlife Conservancy in bringing endangered animals back from the brink (61–8). These are splendid principles of protection, but I suggest that a national network of local alliances between species conservationists, fire-fighters and Aboriginal people offers great possibilities for species conservation.
aboriginal expertise
There is a tremendous irony in terra nullius, or "the mere occupation of a desert or uninhabited land", as the Colonial Office put it in 1822 (Watson 414). Europeans need not have chosen this excuse. Where they didn't choose it around the world, where they met farmers, mostly they still took what they wanted. They invoked it here because they thought little of Aborigines. They had no use for people who didn't farm. In 1688, William Dampier remarked that northwest coast people were "the miserablest People in the World … they have no Houses, but lye in the open air without any covering … the Earth affords them no Food at all. There is neither Herb, Root, Pulse, nor any sort of Grain, for them to eat, that we saw" (464–66). He saw no farms, so he saw no food. In 1836, Charles Darwin called Aborigines "a set of harmless savages wandering about without knowing where they shall sleep at night, and gaining their livelihood by hunting in the woods" (434). The Sydney Herald declared in 1838,
[T]his vast country was to them a common … their ownership, their right, was nothing more than that of the Emu or Kangaroo. They bestowed no labour upon the land and that — and that only — it is which gives a right of property to it. Where, we ask, is the man endowed with even a modicum of reasoning powers, who will assert that this great continent was ever intended by the Creator to remain an unproductive wilderness? (qtd. in Rowley 37).
There is the irony. Australia had no wilderness in 1788, no terra nullius. It has both now. It is we who converted country we can't use to fuel bombs in scrub, forest, national park and even desert. If we took the Herald seriously we would hand big tracts of country back to their owners.
That's not a bad idea. 1788's plant patterns began decaying once fire was stopped. Grass belts along water and grass plains in trees or scrub filled in. Open forest became scrubby; dense forest and rainforest expanded. The people of 1788 showed that it need not be so. They showed that making fire an ally works: that you can end killer fires or nearly, that fire can help protect species diversity and abundance, that land can be made beautiful. They gave a gift so great that we should be indebted to them forever. Today, their descendants know less than they did, but much more than almost all the rest of us, while many want to learn more, and will stay on country, accumulating crucial lifetimes of local knowledge. What a priceless resource this is! Aboriginal expertise could guide land and species management towards tackling a most serious challenge: to reconcile more frequent fire with species protection, to see that fire and no fire makes and protects preferred habitats for every plant and animal species in this country. Imagine more projects supporting such initiatives at local and national levels. Imagine Aboriginal men and women in senior policy positions in national parks and the like. Imagine Aboriginal-led companies successfully managing fire and land for pastoral stations and mining companies, leading in carbon sequestration, and rescuing from extinction their totem allies. What an Australia that would be, and what an example to the world.
This is the text of a keynote lecture delivered at the Australian Centre of Excellence for the History of Emotion's "Fire Stories" conference, the University of Melbourne, December 2013.
Bride, Thomas Francis, ed. Letters from Victorian Pioneers: A Series of Papers on the Early Occupation of the Colony, the Aborigines, etc. 1898. Currey O'Neil, 1983.
Clarke, Philip. Where the Ancestors Walked: Australia as an Aboriginal Landscape. Allen & Unwin, 2003.
Dampier, William. A New Voyage Round the World. London, 1696.
Darwin, Charles. The Voyage of the Beagle. 1845. Edito-Service, 1968.
Dawson, Robert. The Present State of Australia. 1830. Archival Facsimiles, 1987.
Eyre, Edward J. Journals of Expeditions of Discovery into Central Australia, and Overland from Adelaide to King George's Sound. 1845. Vol. 1, Libraries Board of South Australia, 1964.
Flannery, Tim. "After the Future: Australia's New Extinction Crisis." Quarterly Essay, vol. 48, 2012.
Gammage, Bill. The Biggest Estate on Earth: How Aborigines Made Australia. Allen & Unwin, 2011.
Giblin, Ronald Worthy. The Early History of Tasmania. Vol. 2, Methuen, 1939.
Giles, Ernest. Australia Twice Traversed. 1889. Hesperian P, 1995.
Hercus, Luise, et al., eds. The Land is a Map: Placenames of Indigenous Origin in Australia. Australian National UP, 2002.
Hill, Barry. The Rock: Travelling to Uluru. Allen & Unwin, 1994.
Jones, Rhys. "Fire-stick Farming." Australian Natural History, vol. 16, no. 7, 1969, pp. 224–28.
Kelly, Glen. "Karla Wongi Fire Talk: A Nyungar Perspective on Forest Burning." Landscope, vol. 14, no. 2, 1998-99, pp. 10–13.
Langton, Marcia. Burning Questions: Emerging Environmental Issues for Indigenous Peoples in Northern Australia. Centre for Indigenous Natural and Cultural Resource Management, Northern Territory University, 1998.
Leichhardt, Ludwig. Journal of an Overland Expedition in Australia from Moreton Bay to Port Essington. 1847. Libraries Board of South Australia, 1964.
Lewis, J. W. "Journal of Mr Lewis's Lake Eyre Expedition," 17 Feb. 1875. South Australian Parliamentary Papers, vol. 19, 1876.
Moon, K. "Perception and Appraisal of the South Australian Landscape 1836-50." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, South Australian Branch, vol. 70, 1969, pp. 41–64.
Moore, George Fletcher. Diary of Ten Years Eventful Life of an Early Settler in Western Australia; and A Descriptive Vocabulary of the Language of the Aborigines. London, M. Walbrook, 1884.
Murray, Robert Dundas. A Summer at Port Phillip. Edinburgh, W. Tait, 1843.
Newland, Simpson. "Presidential Address." Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia, South Australian Branch, vol. 22, 1921, pp. 1–5.
Parkinson, Sydney. Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas. 1784. Caliban Books, 1984.
Reid, J. R. W., et al. Uluru Fauna: The Distribution and Abundance of Vertebrate Fauna of Uluru National Park. Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, 1993. Kowari, 4
Rose, Deborah Bird, ed. Country in Flames: Proceedings of the 1994 Symposium on Biodiversity and Fire in North Australia. Department of the Environment, Sport and Territories and Australian National University, 1995.
Rowley, Charles Dunford. The Destruction of Aboriginal Society. Penguin, 1972.
Rumsey, Alan, and James Weiner, eds. Emplaced Myth: Space, Narrative, and Knowledge in Aboriginal Australia and Papua New Guinea. U of Hawai'i P, 2001.
Russell-Smith, Jeremy. "The Relevance of Indigenous Fire Practice for Contemporary Land Practice: An Example from Western Arnhem Land." Australian Bushfire Conference (Bushfire '97), edited by B. J. McKaige et al., CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre, 1997, pp. 81–85.
Russell-Smith, Jeremy, et al. "Aboriginal Resource Utilization and Fire Management Practice in Western Arnhem Land, Monsoonal Northern Australia: Notes for Prehistory, Lessons for the Future." Human Ecology, vol. 25, no. 2, 1997, pp. 159–95.
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Sturt, Charles. Narrative of an Expedition into Central Australia. 1849. Vol. 1, Adelaide Libraries Board of South Australia, 1965.
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Watson, Frederick, ed. Historical Records of Australia. Series IV, Library Committee of the Commonwealth Parliament, 1922.


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