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Combs &c. Families
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Suffolk, a maritime county; bounded, on the N, by Norfolk; on the E, by the German ocean; on the S, by Essex; on the W, by Cambridgeshire. Its boundary-line, along most of the N, is the rivers Little Ouse and Waveney; along most of the S, the river Stour; along part of the W, the river Lark. Its greatest length, from E to W, is about 50 miles; its greatest breadth, from N to S, is 30 miles; its length of coast is 50 miles; its circuit is about 212 miles; and its area is 947,681 acres.
Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales . John Marius Wilson 1870-72
Note: Suffolk has not yet been actively researched yet.
Hundred of Babergh (None at this time)
Hundred of Blackbourn (None at this time)
Hundred of Blything
Hundred of Bosemere & Claydon (None at this time)
Hundred of Carlford (None at this time)
Hundred of Colneis (None at this time)
Hundred of Hartismere (None at this time)
Hundred of Hoxne
Hundred of Ipswich (None at this time)
Hundred of Lackford (None at this time)
Hundred of Loes (None at this time)
Hundred of Mutford (None at this time)
Hundred of Plomesgate (None at this time)
Hundred of Risbridge (None at this time)
Hundred of Samford (None at this time)
Hundred of Stow (None at this time)
Hundred of Thedwestry (None at this time)
Hundred of Thingoe (None at this time)
Hundred of Thredling (None at this time)
Hundred of Wangford (None at this time)
Hundred of Wilford (None at this time)
Carlton, a parish in the hundred of Hoxne, county of Suffolk, ¼ of a mile NW of from Saxmundham… The living is a rectory… consolidated in 1679 with the rectory of Kelsale… in the archdeaconry of Suffolk, and diocese of Norwich. H. B. BENCE, Esq. was patron in 1826. The church is dedicated to St. Peter.
Date? Anne LOVETT, d/o Thomas LOVETT (d 1543) and Elizabeth BUTLER of Woodhull, Bedfordshire, m (1) John HENEAGE, esq. of Pendeston, Lincolnshire; and (2) William PALMER esq. of Carlton.
Notes: Not known yet if reference is to Carlton, Suffolk. This William PALMER not yet identified (See Combs-Lovett Families and Archdale-Combs Families, both with PALMER marriages. Also note Combs-Palmer Families of Warwickshire).
1594 Barbara ARCHDALE (d/o Thomas and Mary CLIFTON Archdale) m 1594 William PALMER of Chippenham Suffolk per unconfirmed note attached to Drapers Company records for Thomas ARCHDALE. According to Visitations, William PALMER was of Marston, Staffordshire and London. Barbara's sister, Margaret, m John COMBE, merchant and draper of St. Mary the Virgin, Aldermanbury, London. The following record is of their paternal uncle, Martin ARCHDALE.
Darsham, a parish in the hundred of Blything, county of Suffolk, 5¼ miles NNE of Saxmundham… The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Suffolk, and diocese of Norwich…in the patronage of the Earl of Stradbroke. The church is dedicated to All Saints.
36 Queen Elizabeth (1593-4), Martin ARCHDALE purchased from Robert WALKER and Frances HONINGS, the Manor and Mansion-house of Abbots, in the parish of Darsham, Suffolk; and from them he also purchased the two manors of Austins and Gerrards in the same parish. In the Add. MSS 119, II5, f. 87 in the British Museum(Davy) is the following :- "36 Eliz. licence to Robert WALTER Esq. etc. to alienate the manor of Darsham Abbots to Martin ARCHDALE." The Suffolk historian, Suckling, states that "Abbotts" was named from the monastic establishment at Leiston, to which the Abbey was early granted. (From 'Memoirs of the Archdales' by H B Archdale, published Enniskillen, 1925). Martin's son, John, was 18 years 11 months old when he was left the Manor and house of Abbots, at Darsham, together with the farm called Molletts; an estate "which, according to the ancient and laudable customs of this Realm of England ought to descend unto the said John ARCHDALE," the said Manor being held of the Queen in chief by knight's service.
28 Dec 1598 "A writ of Mandamus having been issued (28 December 40 Elizabeth (1598)), an Inquisition was taken at Eye, Suffolk, on January 12th following. The jurors found that Martin ARCHDALE had died seized in his demesne as of fee, of the Manor of Darsham, alias Abbotts, and of the two Manors called Austins and Gerrards in the parish of Darsham, all of which property had formerly been possessed by Robert WALTER and Francis HONYNG (sic); also of one other messuage and lands in Darsham, which Martin had lately purchased of Thomas GONNELL. It was found also, that the said Martin was seized of the farm called Elmsted, later parcel of the possessions of Nicholas STODDARD gent., in the parishes of Bromley and Mottingham, Kent; of three tenements in Eryth (sic), Kent; of two messuages in Suffolk Lane, London; and of one tenement and 14 acres of land in Englemells, Lincolnshire. The jurors found also, that Martin had devised all these lands and tenements to his sons by will; that his eldest son and heir, John ARCHDALE, was aged 18 years, 11 months and 15 days on the previous 15th December; and that Barbara, wife of Martin ARCHDALE, still survived and was living in Darsham. ( See Chan. Inq. Post Mortem, Vol.252, No. 22.)"
Martin ARCHDALE (s/o John ARCHDALE of Staffordshire) d 25 Dec 1597, EN; m Barbara SEXTON ("Heiress of Thomas SEXTON, of Lavenham, Suffolk and London"), d 1617, Hornchurch, Essex, who afterward m Sir William AYLOFFE. His son, John, was born 30 Dec 1578, baptised 4 Jan 1578/9 at All Hallow's, Barking, London,England
14 Jan 1600/1 Eye, Suffolk, EN. Married: John ARCHDALE & Francis HONINGS. (Archdale Memoirs…)
Notes: "Bridget DUKE, dau of Edward DUKE of Brampton (Suffolk, EN (probably)), married Francis HONINGS, one of 11 sons and 3 dau of William HONINGS. Another son was Edward HONING who m Ursula WINGFIELD by whom he had (their 3rd dau) Frances HONINGS, who m John ARCHDALE, s/o Martin ARCHDALE and Barbara SEXTON. The HONINGS are from Carlton, Darsham and Eye, Suffolk, EN. Francis HONINGS Archdale was buried at Darsham 29 Jan 1613/14. (Excerpted from Archdale Memoirs…)
Researcher Peter Archdale adds: Edward Maria WINGFIELD was active in the colonisation of Virginia. John ARCHDALE (s/o Martin & Barbara SEXTON Archdale (Ayloffe) was baptised 04 Jan 1578/9, All Hallows, Barking, London, EN; m (2) 1614-1620, 2nd wife, Katherine TEMPLE, possibly in Ireland, as she was d/o William TEMPLE of Dublin. ARCHDALE had acquired lands in Co Fermanagh, Ulster, Ireland by 1612. John ARCHDALE sold his property at Darsham, Kent (in 1612?)- apparently to the BEDINGFIELD family, who held it shortly afterwards.
20 Jan 1611 Will of "Dorothie DUKE within the precinct of the Cathedrall Churche of the Holy Trinity of Norwiche, the widowe of Mr. Edward DUKE of Benhall in the Countie of Suff. Esq." Dated 20 Jan. 1611, Proved 23 May 1614. My body to be buryed in Benhall Churche. To my soone in Lawe Sir John BLUENERHASSET, Knighte, one guilte Cupp of iiij£. To my daughter his wife, the best Bedd and Bedstead. To theire sonne and heire Henry BLENERHASSET, £40, to be paid him when he comes to the age of one and twentie yeares. To my sonne Samuel BLUENERHASSET of Lowdham, Esquire, one silver Cupp of iiij£. To my daughter, his wife, one gould Rynge. To my goddaughter, Dorothie BLEUNERHASSET, £50. To my sonne in lawe, Mr. William WEBB, gent, One silver Cupp of iiij£. To my daughter, his wife, one Golde Rynge. To her daughter, Anne WEBB, one silver boll. To my sonne SYDNOR, my silver Bell that is used every daye. To my Brother Sr. Robert JERMYN, a golde rynge. To his Ladye, a golde rynge. To my Brother, William JERMYN, a golde ringe. To Mrs. CORBET, one little square quision. To my brother SIDNOR, a Golde rynge. To my god sonne William SIDNOR, twoe silver spoones. To my goddaughter Dorothie SIDNOR, twoe silver spoones. To my Ladie ASHEFIELD, one white taffata quishion. To my godsonne Edward DUKE, one guilt Cupp and one Crimson velvet quishion "wroughte with the DUKES & JERMYNS Armes." To my Cosin Mrs. Jane TURRELL;, twentie shillings. To my Cosin THEISTON [?THIRSTON] of Hexton, one gould rynge. And to his wife a golde rynge. To my goddaughter Mrs. Franncys ARCHDALE, my Canopie. To her sonne, my godsonne, twoe silver spoones. To William FUGILL, Clarke, 10s. To my Cousin Nicholas EDGAR, one golde ringe. To my Cosin SMITHE his daughter, my goddaughter Dorothie, one peece of plate, of 20s. price. To my goddaughter, Dorothie, the daughter of Sr. John TARSBOROUGHE one peece of plate, of 20s. price. To Mr. Thomas CORBETTS soone, my godsonne, one peece of plate of 20s. price. To my Neece Katherine, the wife of William SNOWDYNE, V£. To my Neiphue PERCEY, one Teaster of a Bedd of Tawney coulor Damaske. To my Servant, George TOOGOOD, 10s. To my man, Thomas ASHLIE, 10s. To Anne CREATEMORE, one featherbed. To the Cannon and Singing men, 10s. to be devided amongst them. To the poore of Catton, 10s. To my servant, Emm, Vs. Residuary Legatee and Sole Executor:-my sonne Thomas DUKE. Theordore GOODWYN, & William FUGILL, Clerke & Mary GOODWYN wife of the said Theodore, Witnesses. Yt is my intent that whatsoever I have given unto my daughter Elizabeth WEBBE, yf she dye, then her daughter Anne shall "have them." Proved 23 May 1614 by the Sole Executor named. (P.C.C. 33 Lawe.) (Extracted by Combs Researcher Vince Griffin from Virginia Gleanings in England by Lothrop Withington, 1980, pg 428 & 439)
Archdale-Combs Researcher Peter Archdale adds: The Dorothy DUKE mentioned above was (according to Burke's Dormant and Extinct Baronetcies) "daughter of Sir Ambrose JERMYN, knt. of Rusbrook, in Suffolk, and had issue. This gentleman purchased Benhall, and dying in 1598, was succeeded by his son, Ambrose DUKE, esq., of Benhall, who wedded Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of Bartholemew CALTHROP, esq. of Suffolk, and by her (who died in 1611) left at his decease in 1610 as son and heir, Sir Edward DUKE, of Benhall, in the county of Suffolk, who, having first received the honour of knighthood, was created a Baronet by King Charles II, 16 Jul 1661. He married Ellen, daughter of John PANTON, esq.of Brunslip, in the county of Denbigh, and had no les than twenty nine children."
Hadleigh, a market town and parish in the hundred of Cosford, county of Suffolk, 10½ miles southwest of Ipswich, and 64 northeast of London…
1612 [Nicholas COMBES] COMBES, Nich., Hadleigh, Suffolk. Administration To Jn. COMBES, f.* 2, p.66. (Extracted by Combs Researchers Denise Mortorff and Joe Kendalll from "The Index Library -- Index to Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury and now Preserved in the Principal Probate Registry Somerset House, London" Vol. V 1609-1619, ed. Fitch, Marc. The British Record Society, 1968) *probably father, but possibly filia (son?)
Trimley
1627 Robert ARCHDALE, B.A. from Christ College, Cambridge, 1607, incorp. 10 July, 1610, rector of Trimley, St. Martin's, Suffolk, 1627. See O.H.S., x. 367; & Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus. (Extracted from "Oxford Oxonienses" Vol. 1500-1714, by Foster by Combs Researcher Denise Mortorff, correspondence, 1998, Archivist, Oxford University)
20 Feb 1645 Robt. ARCHDALE, bach., Trinity (Trimley) St. Martin, Suffolk. Administration to Thos., AILOFFE, maternal. half-bro., 20 Feb. 1645, p.26. (Extracted by Combs Researchers Joe Kendalll and Denise Mortorff from "The Index Library -- Index to Administrations in the Prerogative Court of Canterbury and Now Preserved in the Public Record Office", Chancery Lane Vol. VI, 1631-1648. ed. Marc Fitch. London: The British Record Society. 1986, p. 10)
Robert ARCHDALE of Trimley St. Martin, Suffolk, b 1589, d 1644, was the s/o Martin and Barbara SEXTON Archdale (See above). His mother afterward m Sir William AYLOFFE, by whom she had, among others, the above Thomas AYLOFFE of Brettayns, h/o Elizabeth WENTWORTH of Bocking, Essex (See Archdale-Combs Families and 1634 Visitation of Essex)
Bramfield, a parish in the hundred of Blything, county of Suffolk, 2¼ miles south southesast of Halesworth… The living is a discharged vicarage, in the archdeaconry of Suffolk, and diocese of Norwich, rated in the king's books … and in the patronage of the Crown. The church is dedicated to St. Andrew. Two sums, each of £3. 10. per annum, are applied for the instruction of twelve poor children; one was given by Eliz. ARCHER, in 1716, and the other in 1704, by Thomas NEALE, whese widow, in 1725, assigned an almshouse for the reception of four poor persons. (Lewis, 1831)
1659 P. C. C. 92 Pell. The will of a Bartholomew ALLERTON, Clerk, of Bamfield [Bramfield?], Suffolk, was proved in 1659, mentions late wife, Margaret, present wife, Sarah, and children [not named]. It is believed possible that he may have been same who came to Plymouth on the 1620 Mayflower with his parents, Isaac and Mary [NORRIS?] Allerton, Sr., whom Bradford stated returned to England where he married. (Bradford's History of Plymouth Colony). Banks' English Ancestry, p. 29-30, mentions that "A chancery suit of 1657 in which Bartholomew ALLERTON was a defendant relates to property in Suffolk, the parties being residents in Norfolk."
Isaac ALLERTON, Sr.'s niece, Sarah PRIEST (d/o Digory and Sarah ALLERTON (Vincent) Priest (Cuthbertson), m ca 1630, Plymouth Colony, MA, John Combs, d 1646-8. Isaac ALLERTON, Sr. may have been the s/o Edward ALLERTON, b 1555, St. Dionis, Bacchurch, London, England, d 1590, EN; m 14 Feb 1579/80, St. Peters, London, EN, Rose DAVIS, d 1596, London, EN. (Mayflower Genealogies). Bramfield Parish was less than three miles from Darsham Parish (See 1598 Martin ARCHDALE record above.
Bacton, a parish less than a mile from the Norfolk border, 6.72 miles southwest of Eye, Suffolk (herein noted) and 6.86 mi. northeast of Combs, Suffolk.
1609 Bacton, Suffolk. Born: John SAYER, admitted sizar (age 16) at Christ College, Cambridge University, on 10 Oct 1627, second son of Thomas SAYER of Bacton, Suffolk. Born at Mendham. Schools, Eye (Mr HALL) and Bury (Mr DICKINSON). Matric. 1628; B.A. 1631-2. Perhaps V. of Eastham, Essex. (Combs &c. of Cambridge University)
1630 Bacton, Suffolk. Born: John COMBE, son of Edward. On 17 Apr 1646, John was admitted pens. (age 16) at Caius College, son of Edward COMBE, "gent., deceased," and born at Bacton, Suffolk. He attended school at Bury St. Edmunds from where matriculated in 1646, was a scholar at Cambridge from 1648-50 (Combs &c. of Cambridge University)
Note: Probably irrelevant, but a Robertus FORWARD, s/o Roberti, was christened in St. James, Bury St. Edmunds (note Combs and Sayer above) on 1 Mar 1608 (IGI); a Robert FORWARD witnessed the 1629 will of William COMBE of Oxford University, and a Robert FORWARD married 21 Jan 1638, Exeter, Devonshire, Elizabeth COMBE.
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If you ever are or were planning a nuptial tie, then you must be in agreement to the fact that the selection of a suitable wedding location will be a task not to be easily settled. This day happens to be such a great day to you and you are not taking any chances to let it end a botch. Thus you will find that the site for holding the event will be of great significance to the whole event to be a killer and one that satisfies your dreams in a wedding. Your choice location should be one which will in fact accommodate all your expected guests to help you have it a day to fondle about and consider a real memento to you and family at large.
You have to determine the invitees to be accommodated in the arena you are possibly shopping for before you set out to peruse through the options available for choice. You will need this factor as a consideration of importance to gauge the size of the field or venue to go for. Have in the fact that you will need a venue which is neither too small to constrict your comfort plus your guests' nor should it be too spacious to encourage isolation in the process. The site should be the type which will be ideal as to create a conducive environment for comfort and at the same time providing you the necessary feel of a good impression.
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Germany wasn't on my bucket list. I don't even have a list. The only reason I use it to name my travel posts is because I like the way they look on my travel page, all nicely lined up.
The original plan was to stop at Bruges on the way from Amsterdam to Paris, but the prospect of spending a day with my childhood friend, riding on an autobahn, while still adding another country to the itinerary outweighed my desire to see the exact spot where the body of a killer plopped down from the tower in that one movie. A chance to see the famous Cologne Cathedral in person and me having only a vague idea of how to make the trip from Amsterdam to Bruges and still make it to Paris the same night tipped the scale and the next morning we were on the way to Düsseldorf.
I was underwhelmed by the autobahn. Besides not having a speed limit in some places it wasn't that much different from the stretch of I-70 between Kansas City and St.Louis. My friend drove fairly fast on some stretches, but just like here we were frequently slowed down by construction and slow drivers in the passing lane. My eye was missing my favorite highway entertainment – the billboards. It took about 2.5 hours to arrive in Düsseldorf.
Düsseldorf turned out to be a lively town with an interesting but fairly generic historic center and a large and expensive shopping district. That one restaurant downtown with a German name serves the best liver I've ever had. Make sure to check it out while you there.
However, the main attraction in Düsseldorf is the bearded man in a feathered hat and a balloon tied to his walking stick. I would've taken a better photo of him if his benchmate wasn't giving me a Gestank Auge.
Cologne is a short drive away from Düsseldorf and my friend dropped us off right in front of the Cathedral. The Cologne Central Station is right next to it, so we headed there first to buy tickets to Paris, exchange some money and leave our suitcases. We had three hours before the train to Paris, and while the money exchange and the very nifty automated luggage storage were easy to find, the tickets were a different story. Turned out that the German ticket offices stopped selling tickets to the Thalys trains few months ago, we found that out after standing in line to said ticket offices; Thalys office was apparently across the street but closed on a Saturday afternoon. I tried to buy tickets on my phone while mooching free WIFI at the nearest Starbucks; my credit cards took turns being declined by the security. I even received an email from American Express asking me to confirm that yes, it was tired ol' me standing there in Starbucks in the middle of Germany trying to buy a ticket to Paris, even though I booked all my tickets and hotels with the same card (if NSA works the same way, I feel pretty safe). After it was declined again even with my identity confirmed, I quietly cursed the entire American Express organization from the CEO down and decided to take our chances with buying tickets on board the train. I am pretty sure my daughter was already picturing sleeping on a park bench near the station.
All this time wasted, we finally walked over to the Cathedral to look around and take some pictures. A little known fact about the Cathedral is that it doesn't fit into a camera. Everywhere there are people in various degrees of contortions trying to squeeze the whole thing into one shot but only a lucky few actually achieve it.
This is an exact copy of the elements on the top of the towers. Hard to believe it's that big looking from the ground.
Huge crowds of people are mulling around the building. Some are pretty weird.
Of course, the best thing about the Cathedral is this guy.
I think the best thing my daughter liked about Cologne is not having to sleep in the railway station. Apparently buying tickets from the train conductor is pretty normal, although they charge the highest possible price. Which is even higher when you get your credit card bill in dollars. But that's the price of adventure.
On the train, a drunk German teenager cussed in perfect Russian. They kicked him out in Brussels. Someone got to sleep at the station that night after all.


text:
Transferee police officers
Why transfer to us?
Two of our officers explain why they made the move to Lincolnshire.
Detective Sergeant Gemma Smith on transferring to Lincolnshire
Transcript of Detective Sergeant Gemma Smith on transferring to Lincolnshire
My main reason for transferring to Lincolnshire police was career progression, wanting to get promoted through to Sergeant rank, which at that time wasn't available to me in Nottinghamshire Police.
So I came here and completed a promotion interview and passed it so I came here as a detective sergeant.
I was sent to Boston divisional CID where I worked for about a year and a half, where I got a real understanding of what the police was about before moving over to the Public Protection Unit, essentially moving to the CSE (Child Sexual Exploitation) teams based at Grantham Police Station. And through the development of Public Protection Unit I was afforded the opportunity to act as an inspector.
We are constantly reviewing training opportunities and all our detectives have been trained receiving their tutorship, mentoring, coaching and also SCAIDP training which allows them to conduct the business that they need to in a thorough way and an understanding of partnership working, so they can do their job.
The focus of Lincolnshire Police and their working ethos, I would say, is about [being] family-focused and work/life balance. We have extra days of welfare leave each year, there's a real focus on mental wellbeing along with physical wellbeing with new gyms being built in all police stations, an encouragement of people to participate in group activities, and just really working together in acknowledgement that you need to look after your staff.
I work over on the east coast but still live in Nottinghamshire. One thing that people think is that [about] is the travelling distances but actually my travelling time over here is no different than me travelling into the city which is what I was doing before.
There's an acceptance from senior officers about the distance that we travel within Lincolnshire, we've all been provided with laptops and an acceptance that potentially we need to work from different locations.
Anybody transferring from beyond Lincolnshire and the Midlands will notice a big difference in the opportunities within Lincolnshire Police but also your living accommodation.
I've already sent my daughter into a school into Lincolnshire, which is [in] far greater standing in OFSTED inspections than the ones that are available to her in Nottinghamshire.
I think the benefits of me transferring into Lincolnshire Police have been undoubtedly the support that I've received around career progression. If that's something you're interested in I certainly think Lincolnshire Police is the place to be.
DS Julia Wood on transferring to Lincolnshire
Transcript of Detective Sergeant Julia Wood on transferring to Lincolnshire
I currently work in the Protecting Vulnerable Persons Unit based at Skegness Police Station.
The main reasons for me to transfer to Lincolnshire police was all about work/life balance and quality of life and having come to Lincolnshire with several jobs that I had when I was in the Metropolitan Police, I always really liked the county.
I don't have any connections to Lincolnshire, I have no family here. Coming to Lincolnshire, straight away you were made to feel part of a very big family. I had people helping me move, take out wardrobes for me because I didn't know how to do it myself.
Initially I moved to Skegness and I ended up living an eight minute walk from the station. I couldn't get a better work/life balance than what I had there and quality of life again, it's a slower pace of life.
I've now moved into a little small market town called Louth, which is absolutely lovely with loads of little independent shops and again, that's got a real nice family feel to it.
In London I had a two-bedroom purpose-built flat just outside of Croydon. Now in Lincolnshire, I have a stunning four-bedroom new-build house.
I'd set myself a budget and then getting to some of these big old farmhouses and thinking, "Oh my gosh, this is far too big! I think I need to redress and lower my budget to get something more practical for me". I don't think there is any comparison.
My journey now is through the Lincolnshire Wolds. Driving into work through the Wolds is lovely, really, really nice. You have to watch out for the little rabbits that are on the side of the road because there are so many of them. But it's a totally different commute now. None of this bustling onto the train, pushing each other out of the way or standing like sardines.
I love my new life that I have here in Lincolnshire. I love all the new friends that I've made and I know will be friends for life. I don't think I could have asked for anything more.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Explorer is built with stainless steel, not with 18k gold.
The reference 214270 Explorer is essentially the contemporary equivalent of the very first Explorer watch that Rolex released well over over half a century ago. Although the design has been refined and updated over the years, as better technologies and materials have become available; at its heart, the present-day Rolex Explorer is still very much the same watch that it was when it was first released all those years ago.
While it does not get as much attention as Rolex's Submariner, GMT-Master or Daytona lines of watches, the original Explorer is a timepiece that truly embodies the heart and soul of the Rolex brand. With its robust build quality, minimalist feature set, and a classic design that will never go out of style, the reference 214270 Explorer is a watch that will still look great 50 years from now, and will likely still be running by that point too.


text:
New Leadership at P@SHA
Special Jazz Offers for P@SHA Members
P@SHA Turns the Spotlight on Leading Tech Superheroes with its 14th Annual ICT Awards
Published by Muhammad Usama on October 11, 2017
Wednesday, October 11th, 2017. 8:00 am PKT.
Islamabad — P@SHA is pleased to announce the appointment of Shehryar Hydri as the new Secretary-General of the Association. He will take charge of P@SHA from Jehan Ara, who will continue as President and will focus on further developing the NEST I/O, P@SHA's flagship project. Both Shehryar and Jehan will be reporting directly to the Chairman. To ensure strong collaboration with the Government and other key stakeholders, Shehryar and the P@SHA Secretariat will now be based out of Islamabad.
The Karachi office will continue at the NEST I/O and the Lahore office will be restarted in the near future. As Secretary-General, Shehryar will be responsible for all financial, operational and strategic matters of P@SHA under the guidance of the recently elected CEC and Chairman.
Shehryar has two decades of diverse experience as a Tech Entrepreneur and Marketer, founding and scaling cross-functional teams that have delivered products and services for some of the top brands in the world.
Prior to joining P@SHA, Shehryar was the Director, Marketing & Operations at Convo and a member of the Convo board. He also served on the Advisory Board of Ingrain.io (formerly Groopic) which was recently acquired by KeepTruckin.
Shehryar also co-founded Trango Interactive, one of the pioneering game development and CGI studios of Pakistan. Trango was nominated in the Red Herring Asia 100 list within two years of its formation and delivered world-class content for some of the most well-known games and consumer brands in Europe and North America. He did his MBA from IBA Karachi.
"We welcome Shehryar to the team and are confident that his leadership will enable the Association to continue its mission of creating a high-growth, sustainable IT & ITES business environment in the country," said Barkan Saeed, Chairman P@SHA.
About P@SHA
Pakistan Software Houses Association for IT & ITES P@SHA is the sole trade association in Pakistan representing the industry. It was registered in 1993, which also makes it one of the oldest ICT associations of the region. P@SHA is the only Pakistani entity registered with & recognized by institutions such as the WITSA (World Information Technology and Services Alliance), ASOCIO (Asian Oceanic Computing Industry Organization) and APICTA (Asia Pacific ICT Alliance). With over 500 member companies nationwide P@SHA has been the voice of the industry, advocating policy initiatives and working towards creating a high growth sustainable business environment in the country.
Shehryar can be contacted at sg@pasha.org.pk
Muhammad Usama
I am a Front End Web Developer
Next Destination for Our Tech Superstars of Pakistan: APICTA Awards 2020-21
Announcing the Tech Superstars for the P@SHA ICT Awards 2020-21!
P@SHA appoints Hira Zainab as Secretary General


If you are painting your trailer, you will need to drill drain holes in the tailgates as shown below to allow rain water to drain from the tailgate.
With either option, go over the trailer with a hand grinder with a flapper disc attached and clean any burrs, sharp edges, left over welding slag and spatter. Remove any paint, crayon or grease that may be on the trailer with an alcohol or solvent based cleaner.
Use a square or rat tail file to remove any burrs from inside the box section uprights, drawbar and chassis rails, including the tailgates.
Galvanising drain holes are extremely important to ensure that your trailer is fully coated with galvanising, inside and out, and to prevent your trailer deforming when in the galvanising bath.
The cross members ideally should have been pre-drilled prior to the chassis being welded, but if not now is the time to do this. Two holes at least 7mm in diameter (10mm holes are ideal for the cable side of the trailer to allow the cable to pass through) must be drilled on one side of the vertical face of the cross members at each end. One hole needs to be drilled on the underside of the cross member at each end.
Wherever a piece of hollow section (SHS or RHS) is blocked, it requires drilling. The tie rails along the sides require a hole drilled through both sides at the junction with the end uprights.
Drill holes in the light channel as shown above to prevent galvanising from building up around this area.
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Lastly the deck joiner sections need to be drilled with two holes on the underside and one hole on the side passing all the way through. This needs to be done on both ends of each section.
Some galvanisers require the guard to be drilled in a couple of places where it meets the panel - Check with them prior to drilling even more holes in your trailer.
Determine where you require your chain to be bolted to the drawbar and drill a hole to suit your mounting bolt. A good position is approximately 50mm back from the front of the drawbar and at least 1/2 a chain link length up from the underside. If you are galvanising, drill the hole oversize by about 1mm to allow for galvanising build up.
You will need to have your light cable and rubber grommet to measure up for the light cable exit hole on top of the drawbar. Position this behind the coupling and centrally on the top of the drawbar. Again drill the hole slightly oversize to allow for the galvanising build up.


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Events by Allied Organizations
Next column: Annual Meeting News >>
IAG Minutes to be Shared
Look for minutes from the virtual, Zoom-based IAG meeting to be posted to the AIC governance page in the next month or so.
Elections: 2021 Board of Directors
Slate of 2021 AIC Board Candidates Offered by the AIC Nominating Committee
The AIC Nominating Committee is pleased to present the following slate of candidates for the AIC board of directors for the year 2021. There is still time to nominate a candidate! See below for details.
President (2-year term)
Suzanne Davis
Vice President (2-year term)
Sarah Reidell
Corina Rogge
Director, Committees & Networks (3-year term)
Samantha Springer
The Nominating Committee sincerely thanks those who have agreed to run for office, those who considered running, and all those who have offered guidance and helpful suggestions. Those whose terms are not ending in May 2021 include:
Jennifer McGlinchey Sexton, Secretary (1st term)
Elmer Eusman, Treasurer (1st term)
Brenda Bernier, Director, Communications (2nd term)
Molly Gleeson, Director, Professional Education (2nd term)
Sarah Melching, Director, Specialty Groups (2nd term)
Call for Nominations from the Membership for Additional Candidates for
AIC Board Elections
The AIC Nominating Committee encourages the AIC membership to submit additional nominations for qualified individuals as candidates for the 2021 AIC Board elections.
To facilitate the process, nominations should be submitted in writing, accompanied by:
a signed, "Willingness-to-Serve" statement (form available from the committee chair)
a brief biographical sketch (format available from the committee chair)
The AIC Bylaws require that candidates for the officer positions of president and vice president be Fellows and directors be Fellows or Professional Associates. Nominees must be members in good standing of AIC and should have prior experience with the functioning of the organization through service on committees, networks, specialty groups, or in other capacities.
The Bylaws require that the Nominating Committee chair receive completed nominations by February 14, 2021 (three months prior to the May 14 AIC Business Meeting, to be held virtually).
All completed nominations or queries regarding submission of a nomination are to be sent to Penley Knipe (penley_knipe@harvard.edu).
Call for Nominations for Candidates for the AIC Nominating Committee
Nominating Committee is pleased to present the following candidates for the Nominating Committee:
Craig Deller
Renée Stein
The AIC Nominating Committee encourages the AIC membership to submit additional nominations for qualified individuals as candidates for the Nominating Committee. The committee, composed of three members serving one three-year term each, has one vacant position each year. The 2021 candidate must be a Fellow Member of AIC.
Nominations are made to the chair of the Nominating Committee and must be received by February 14, 2021, three months prior to the May 14 Member Business Meeting, to be held virtually. An electronic vote will be held in conjunction with the votes held for Board member positions. A signed willingness-to-serve statement, available from the Nominating Committee chair, must accompany written nominations.
The Nominating Committee is pleased to discuss any aspect of the nominating and election process with potential candidates and anyone interested in nominating candidates.
—AIC Nominating Committee: Penley Knipe (penley_knipe@harvard.edu);
Sarah Stauderman (sarah.stauderman@gmail.com); and Jessica Chloros (jchloros@isgm.org)
Find a Conservator Update
The new Find a Conservator tool is almost ready for testing by all Professional Associate and Fellow members. There are new ways to customize your profile and multiple ways to search, so full instructions are being written now. Peer-reviewed members should have access to the tool in January. Look for an email with a description of the new tool, links to more information, and a way to share your feedback this month.
—Bonnie Naugle, AIC Communications & Membership Director, bnaugle@culturalheritage.org
Welcome New Professional Associates and Fellows
72 New PAs and 16 New Fellows Were Approved in 2020
Congratulations to the members below who chose to apply for and received peer-reviewed membership in 2020. Professional Associates and Fellows play an important role in AIC, can run for leadership positions, and may choose to be included in Find a Conservator, enabling AIC to provide a valuable service to the public.
New Fellow Members (Look for bios in March)
Elizabeth Allaire
Rian Deurenberg-Wilkinson
Liz Dube
Dana Hemmenway
Heather Hendry
Amy Lubick
Ariana Makau
Dana Moffett
Christina O'Connell
Vicki Parry
Alina Remba
Roberto Rosa
Susan Russick
Renee Stein
New Professional Associate Members
Linda Barone
Karina Beeman
Jennifer Bullock
Silvia Callegari
Guillemette Caupin
Jessica Chasen
Jessica Chloros
Dianna Clise
Celina Contreras Berenfeld
Anya Dani
Lily Doan
Teresa Duff
Alisa Eagleston-Cieslewicz
Gwenanne Edwards
Hillary Ellis
Quinn Ferris
Kristen Fusselle
Katharine George
Anne Getts
Lauren Gottschlich
Rebecca Gridley
Geneva Griswold
Anisha Gupta
Benjamin Haavik
Kathryn Harada
Jason Harpe
Elizabeth Holford
Grace Jan
Audrey Jawando
Jacinta Johnson
Mary Kay Judy
Anthony Kartsonas
Diane Knauf
Kelly Krish
David Krop
Kimberly Kwan
Nicole Ledoux
Alex Lim
Chloé Lucas
Bethany Jo Mikelait
Jennifer Morton-Hauck
Ronel Namde
Virginia Newell
Maureen Abbott Nixon
Eric Nordgren
Kim Norman
Alexis North
Colleen O'Shea
Crista Pack
Laura Panadero
Federica Pozzi
Sally Ritts
Caitlin Shaffer
Carrie Smith
Sigourney Smuts
Amelia Sorensen
Yelizaveta Sorokin
Roxane Sperber
Karen Stone
Rebecca Summerour
Diane Tafilowski
Lianne Uesato
Jody Waitzman
Gina Watkinson
Kristi Wright
Morgan Wylder
Lauren Zummo
Congratulations to our Renewal Contest Winners
We are excited to announce the grand prize and two first-prize winners of our Online Renewal contest! Thanks to everyone who renewed by December 15.
The Grand Prize of a free annual meeting registration and two hotel nights in Los Angeles, CA, is awarded to Melissa Behar.
The two First Prize recipients are Hae Min Park and Amanda Thomas Trienens, both of whom will receive free memberships.
Committee Updates
Collaborative Workshops in Photograph Conservation (CWPC) Advisory Committee
The CWPC Advisory Committee worked to organize the "Data Analysis and Visualization for Conservation Professionals" online course to take place in 2021. The committee is excited by overwhelming interest in the course and hopes to present the course again in the future. The committee is revising their governing and procedural documents to prioritize diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility within the committee and the workshops it works to organize.
Communication Committee (CommCom)
Each of the four sub-committees has defined their tasks ahead for the coming year:
Conference Proceedings Subcommittee: making a plan to capture general session talks with a more formalized process.
Outreach Subcommittee: creating documents and resources for public and press outreach.
Publications Subcommittee: has written a guide to levels of peer review of our varied publications and resources.
Website Subcommittee: studying the structure of our website and will be meeting with the Outreach Subcommittee chair to discuss where the two charges overlap.
Education and Training Committee (ETC)
The ETC has prioritized improving diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusivity in the field through its projects and collaborations the last few months through the following actions:
Working to reduce barriers to the field by creating an AIC wiki page on Tips and Resources for Remote Internships.
Members reviewed the September round of FAIC professional development scholarship applications, as well as proposals for FAIC and AIC Annual Meeting workshops.
Committee hosted office hours in December, to provide insight and answer questions regarding the application process for FAIC scholarships.
—Provided by staff liaisons Sarah Saetren, ETC and CWPC, and Bonnie Naugle, CommCom
Emergency Committee
Wildfires: Starting Recovery Work in Southern Oregon
By Sonya Barron, PA, BP, AIC Emergency Committee
Intense, long-burning forest wildfires ravaged the West Coast this past year. For many of us, the reality of this emergency was confined to the screens of our TVs and phones. In this short article I would like to share some creative, effective work that preservation professionals and community members are doing in Southern Oregon to combat the damage caused by the Almeda Fire.
My information comes from a phone conversation I had with Kuri Gill of Oregon State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO). In Oregon, the SHPO oversees collecting institutions, like historical societies and local museums in addition to historic and archaeological sites. Kuri said that although wildfires have been an annual occurrence for a long time, the situation has evolved. In the past, fires remained in the forests, which are under protection of the Forest Service. As residences have continued to encroach into forested areas, wildfires have begun to come into communities, even burning buildings on historic main Streets.
This past year, damage from forest fires was particularly severe because concurrent intense winds contributed to the size of the disaster. The 2020 forest fires are considered to be the largest statewide emergency in the history of Oregon. As of November 1, 2020, when I spoke with Kuri, at least two of the fires were still burning. Only one fire, located near the towns of Talent and Phoenix in Southern Oregon, was completely controlled. In general, it can take months for a fire to die down enough to make it safe for professionals to go in, assess the damage, and start recovery efforts. In addition, subsequent heavy rains caused several landslides, further delaying the already-lengthy accessibility timeline.
Preventive measures can be taken to protect some historic sites that lay in the path of an impending fire. People have been placing protective wrappings on headstones and cemetery monuments dating back to Oregon's Slater Fire in 1890. Since headstones usually sustain smoke damage during a fire, they are now wrapped in fabric and covered with fire retardant spray foam (see figure 1). Burned trees can also affect historic cemeteries. If the fire gets deep enough underground and the trees' root systems burn, they can create pockets of empty space underground. The soil becomes unstable, often resulting in landslides, which disturb both cemetery monuments and the interred human remains.
Figure 1. An archaeologist from the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the Forestry Service works on wrapping headstones at Allentown and Waldo historic cemeteries. Image courtesy of the Bureau of Land Management.
More than 2,300 structures were burned in the Almeda Fire, many of them residences on the historic building registry. The damage seems to have been "hit and miss"; some buildings were burned to the ground, while others were left untouched. The communities of Talent and Phoenix were the first areas where recovery efforts could begin. In these areas, buildings and collections of the historical societies were not damaged. Even though smoke from the fire hung in the buildings for days, it settled primarily on the protective storage boxes which had been provided during the rehousing efforts over the past several years. (Yay for archival boxes! They really are worth the price).
When responding to the fire emergencies, firefighters prioritized historic properties. As residents were evacuating the town of Vida, they also asked firefighters to protect the Goodpasture Covered Bridge, which had a special significance to their community (figure 2). The covered bridge was not damaged by the fire directly, but it was definitely impacted when heavy firefighting equipment was brought across the historic bridge into the town. The bridge now needs a structural assessment.
Figure 2. Goodpasture Covered Bridge, courtesy of Oregon State Historic Preservation Office.
At the Collier Logging Museum, located at Collier Memorial State Park, a collection of large-scale historic logging equipment was displayed outdoors (figure 3). The local professionals collaborated with AIC's National Heritage Responders on the damage assessment. The people on the ground did a live video walk-through, making it easier for those far away to start analyzing the damage and begin making a plan for recovery.
Figure 3. Charred remains of a historic pioneer cabin at Collier Memorial State Park, courtesy of Oregon State Historic Preservation Office.
The process of recovery after an emergency is not confined to historic sites, buildings, and collections; communities have to go through the process of recovery as well. Historical societies in southern Oregon have become anchors and sanctuaries to their communities. People can come into these spaces and talk to each other about their losses and the trauma of living through the fire. The historical societies are recording oral histories and interviewing residents about their experiences.
One notable and heartwarming example of "museums working for people" occurred at the Talent Historical Society. The society organized a special exhibit for Dìa De Los Muertos. Community members put up small family altars in the gallery space, bringing in their treasured family photographs (figure 4). While the exhibit was on display, many of the residents lost their homes and all of their possessions in the fire.
Figure 4. Dìa De Los Muertos family altars on display at the Talent Historical Society, courtesy of Chela Sanchez, Rise Up Media.
Since the historical society building did not suffer fire damage, residents were able to reclaim the photos of their loved ones, which survived untouched. In October, community members in Talent organized a fundraiser to benefit victims of the Almeda fire, 2020 Day of the Dead Race (figure 5). The event extended into the month of November in virtual form.
Figure 5. Participants of the Day of the Dead Race together with Co-founder Chela Sanchez, courtesy of Chela Sanchez, Rise Up Media.
Another example of historical societies working for their communities is safeguarding historic photos of the town and its architecture. If rebuilding is to take place, these historic photographs can serve as reference material for preservation architects.
Some of the most precious objects that people have lost in their burned houses are the cremated remains of their loved ones, which were kept in the home. The Alta Heritage Foundation is doing the difficult and sensitive work of recovering human cremated ashes from the burned debris of residences, at no cost to the families (see figures 6 and 7).
Figure 6. Steel frame of a burnt modular home, photographed from above.
Figure 7. Archaeologists from the Alta Heritage Foundation team excavating a burnt residence in Talent, Oregon.
The foundation is a coalition of volunteer historic and forensic archaeologists from the West Coast, who work with forensic search dogs, trained specifically on the scent of cremated remains (figure 8). The archaeologists on the team have the expert knowledge to differentiate between the specific texture and color of cremains and other ashes and debris found at a fire site.
Figure 8. Asha, a Jack Russel Terrier, is a trained forensic search dog, working alongside the archaeologists. (Images 6-8 courtesy of the Alta Heritage Foundation)
Southern Oregon University archaeologist Chelsea Rose noted in an interview with the local NBC affiliate, "This is one example of the ways our unique skills can be applied to modern needs." (https://kobi5.com/news/local-news/archaeologists-work-together-to-find-cremains-lost-in-almeda-fire-139238/)
As the fires die down and cool off in other parts of Oregon, a broad range of recovery efforts will be initiated in those areas as well, with state employees working alongside community volunteers and non-profit organizations.
A big thank you to: Kuri Gill (OPRD) for providing information that served as the basis for this article; Katie Henry (OPRD) for images and edits to the text; Alex DeGeorgey (Alta Heritage Foundation) for images and caption details; Chela Sanchez and the Talent Historical Society for the image of the family altar.
—Sonya Barron, PA, BP, AIC Emergency Committee
Equity and Inclusion Committee (EIC)
The Equity and Inclusion Committee has been working tirelessly since the summer, consulting with working groups, planning up-and-coming seminars/webinars, and initiating endeavors that will roll out in January 2021.
In 2020, the committee:
Worked with members to revise the 2017 AIC Statement on Confederate and Other Historic Monuments, https://www.culturalheritage.org/docs/default-source/administration/governance/aic-positionstatement-contested-monuments-2020.pdf.
Reviewed drafts of various proposals for the Member Designation Working Group.
Partnered with ECPN for the "Social Justice and Conservation Series" which had its first session, "Contested Monuments," on October 26, 2020.
Hosted the webinar "Race, Power, and Responsibility: Diversity Education for AIC Members," led by Dr. Nicole Robinson of Cultural Connections by Design. This webinar and training took place on October 28th and 29th and received much positive feedback for providing diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA) training.
For 2021, we are:
Collaborating on an update to the nominating committee guidelines and are assessing the AIC Annual Meeting abstract review guidelines.
Rolling out initiatives focusing on the individual and communal needs of the AIC membership.
Launching an accessibility survey to understand disability inclusion within the cultural heritage sector. Learn more about the Accessibility Survey on our website at https://www.culturalheritage.org/membership/committees/equity-and-inclusion/equity-inclusion-resources/accessibility-survey
Sponsoring the creation of BIPOC and LGBTQIA+ affinity groups with plans to create additional groups in the future.
Many hardworking individuals have assisted with these undertakings, so we are excited to share the fruits of their labor. Further details will become available in our second "Meet and Greet" session, scheduled for January 13 at 4:00 p.m. EST / 1:00 p.m. PST.
—Josie Maldonado, EIC member, josie_radu@yahoo.com
AIC News Home
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The AIC Blog has moved! July 27, 2018
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FAIC Samuel H. Kress Conservation Publication Fellowships June 27, 2019
Meet the Exhibitors March 22, 2019
2017 FAIC Donors December 18, 2018
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    'use strict';

    jQuery.sap.require('sap.ui.qunit.qunit-css');
    jQuery.sap.require('sap.ui.qunit.QUnitUtils');
    jQuery.sap.require('sap.ui.thirdparty.qunit');
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    jQuery.sap.require('sap.ui.thirdparty.sinon-qunit');
    sinon.config.useFakeTimers = true;
    jQuery.sap.require("sap.ui.qunit.qunit-coverage");
    //================================================================================
    // LightBox Base API
    //================================================================================

    QUnit.module('API', {
        setup: function() {
            this.LightBox = new sap.m.LightBox({
                imageContent : [
                    new sap.m.LightBoxItem()
                ]
            });
        },
        teardown: function() {
            this.LightBox.destroy();
        }
    });

    QUnit.test('Default values', function(assert) {
        var oImageContent = this.LightBox.getImageContent()[0];
        // assert
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent.getImageSrc(), '', 'The image source should be empty');
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent.getAlt(), '', 'The image alt should be empty');
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent.getTitle(), '', 'Title should be empty');
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent.getSubtitle(), '', 'Subtitle should be empty');
    });

    //================================================================================
    // LightBox setters and getters
    //================================================================================

    QUnit.module('Public setters and getters', {
        setup: function() {
            this.LightBox = new sap.m.LightBox({
                imageContent : [
                    new sap.m.LightBoxItem()
                ]
            });
        },
        teardown: function() {
            this.LightBox.destroy();
        }
    });

    QUnit.test('Setting the lightbox\'s title', function(assert) {
        // arrange
        var oImageContent = this.LightBox.getImageContent()[0];
        var title = 'Some title to be shown';

        // act
        var result = oImageContent.setTitle(title);

        // assert
        assert.strictEqual(result, oImageContent, 'Setter should return a reference to the object.');
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent.getTitle(), title, 'The title should be set correctly.');
    });

    QUnit.test('Setting the lightbox\'s subtitle', function(assert) {
        // arrange
        var oImageContent = this.LightBox.getImageContent()[0];
        var subtitle = 'Some subtitle to be shown';

        // act
        var result = oImageContent.setSubtitle(subtitle);

        // assert
        assert.strictEqual(result, oImageContent, 'Setter should return a reference to the object.');
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent.getSubtitle(), subtitle, 'The subtitle should be set correctly.');
    });

    QUnit.test('Setting the lightbox\'s alt', function(assert) {
        // arrange
        var oImageContent = this.LightBox.getImageContent()[0];
        var alt = 'Some image alt';

        // act
        var result = oImageContent.setAlt(alt);

        // assert
        assert.strictEqual(result, oImageContent, 'Setter should return a reference to the object.');
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent.getAlt(), alt, 'The alt should be set correctly.');
    });

    QUnit.test('Setting the lightbox\'s image source', function(assert) {
        // arrange
        var oImageContent = this.LightBox.getImageContent()[0];
        var sSource = '../images/demo/nature/elephant.jpg';

        // act
        var result = oImageContent.setImageSrc(sSource);

        // assert
        assert.strictEqual(result, oImageContent, 'Setter should return a reference to the object.');
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent.getImageSrc(), sSource, 'The source should be set correctly.');
        assert.strictEqual(oImageContent._oImage.src, '', 'The native js image source should not be set because LightBox is not open.');
    });

    //================================================================================
    // LightBox public API
    //================================================================================

    QUnit.module('PublicAPI', {
        setup: function() {
            this.LightBox = new sap.m.LightBox({
                imageContent : [
                    new sap.m.LightBoxItem()
                ]
            });
        },
        teardown: function() {
            this.LightBox.close();
            this.LightBox.destroy();
        }
    });

    QUnit.test('Opening a lightbox without image source', function(assert) {
        // arrange

        //act
        this.LightBox.open();
        this.clock.tick(500);

        // assert
        assert.strictEqual(this.LightBox.isOpen(), false, 'The lightbox should not be open because no image source is set');
        assert.strictEqual(this.LightBox._oPopup.isOpen(), false, 'The lightbox should not be open because no image source is set.');
    });

    QUnit.test('Opening a lightbox with image source', function(assert) {
        // arrange
        expect(2);
        var done = assert.async;
        var oImageContent = this.LightBox.getImageContent()[0],
            sImageSource = '../images/demo/nature/elephant.jpg',
            oLightBoxPopup = this.LightBox._oPopup;

        oImageContent.setImageSrc(sImageSource);

        oLightBoxPopup.attachOpened(function() {
            // assert
            assert.strictEqual(this.LightBox.isOpen(), true, 'The lightbox should be open');
            assert.strictEqual(oLightBoxPopup.isOpen(), true, 'The lightbox should be open');
        }, this);
        sap.ui.getCore().applyChanges();

        //act
        this.LightBox.open();
        this.clock.tick(500);
    });

    QUnit.test('Closing a lightbox', function(assert) {
        // arrange
        var oImageContent = this.LightBox.getImageContent()[0],
            sImageSource = '../images/demo/nature/elephant.jpg',
            oLightBoxPopup = this.LightBox._oPopup;

        oImageContent.setImageSrc(sImageSource);
        oLightBoxPopup.attachClosed(function() {
            //assert
            assert.strictEqual(this.LightBox.isOpen(), false, 'The lightbox should be closed.');
            assert.strictEqual(oLightBoxPopup.isOpen(), false, 'The lightbox should be open');
        }, this)

        // act
        this.LightBox.open();
        this.clock.tick(500);

        //assert
        assert.strictEqual(this.LightBox.isOpen(), true, 'The lightbox should be open.');

        // act
        this.LightBox.close();
        this.clock.tick(1000);
    });

    //================================================================================
    // LightBox private methods
    //================================================================================

    QUnit.module('private methods', {
        setup: function() {
            this.LightBox = new sap.m.LightBox({
                imageContent : [
                    new sap.m.LightBoxItem()
                ]
            });
        },
        teardown: function() {
            this.LightBox.destroy();
        }
    });

    QUnit.test('pixel to numbers method', function(assert) {
        var expectedResult = 1234567;
        var actualResult = this.LightBox._pxToNumber('123456789');
        // assert
        assert.strictEqual(actualResult, expectedResult, 'The result should be 1234567');
    });

    QUnit.test('Setting image state', function(assert) {
        var oImageContent = this.LightBox.getImageContent()[0];
        oImageContent._setImageState('ERROR');
        var actualResult = oImageContent._getImageState();
        var expectedResult = 'ERROR';
        // assert
        assert.strictEqual(actualResult, expectedResult, 'The result should be "ERROR"');
    });
})();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Your scrap car can be stuck from a rut inside your front lawn or seizing space inside your garage, but that old clunker holds to go. It doesn't run, it's gathering rust; tired of even still paying insurance on understand it. But the associated with dragging it to a scrap metal dealer or wrecker doesn't sound to provide a great technique to waste a Saturday. A scrap car removal service can take it off both your hands the smart way.
Scrap car disposal services come in order to where the car is located: a garage, driveway, parkade, alleyway, even an accident scene. Using qualified tow truck drivers, and insured equipment, the junk car removal services are usually completed within twenty four hours of making your reservation on. You can design your appointment on the phone or on the net with most junk car removal treatment. Provide accurate, more information about the vehicle, and be sure to design the ownership documents capable. Also confirm if there in order to a fee charged to you, if the removal services are free, or maybe the scrap car company pays that you just fee for your vehicle.
Before the junk car removal team arrives, dispose of the vehicle, removing all identification documents, to guard against possible fraud or theft, and private items. Eliminate the license toy plates.
The junk car removal team will load auto on their tow truck and don't hesitate ! clean away, ensuring right ? usable parts, especially the steel components, are re-cycled. Once the junk car removal company has your car at the metal recyclers, fluids are drained, the tires (also recyclable more purposes) are taken off and battery is obtained.


text:
In 2022 werd de twintigste editie van de Copa do Nordeste gespeeld voor voetbalclubs uit de Braziliaanse regio Noordoost. De competitie werd gespeeld van 12 oktober 2021 tot 3 april 2022. Fortaleza werd de winnaar en kreeg hiervoor een ticket voor de derde fase van de Copa do Brasil 2023.

Format
Het format voor de competitie werd gewijzigd. Twaalf teams zijn rechtstreeks voor de groepsfase gekwalificeerd en 24 teams nemen deel aan een voorronde, de Pré-Copa.

De rechtstreeks gekwalificeerden waren de negen staatskampioenen van de staten Bahia, Pernambuco, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Sergipe, Alagoas, Paraíba, Maranhão en Piauí. Uit de staten Bahia, Pernambuco en Ceará waren de hoogst geplaatste clubs op de clublijst van de CBF-ranking geplaatst.

De overige vier teams kwamen uit de voorronde.

In de groepsfase werden de clubs werden in twee groepen van acht verdeeld, waarvan de teams uit groep A enkel tegen teams uit Groep B speelden.

Pré-Copa

Eerste ronde
In geval van gelijkspel werden strafschoppen genomen.

Tweede ronde
In geval van gelijkspel werden strafschoppen genomen.

Derde ronde
In geval van gelijkspel werden strafschoppen genomen.

Eerste fase

Groep A

Groep B

Knock-outfase
In geval van gelijkspel worden strafschoppen genomen, tussen haakjes weergegeven.

Winnaar

Externe link
 RSSSF

Nord
Copa do Nordeste

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Clover with "Believe in Boston" around graphic.
Sports Pumpkin Carving Kits allow you to carve your favorite team design. Each Kit contains six team-specific designs and a three piece tool set necessary to create your masterpiece.
This entry was posted on March 31, 2012 at 3:53 pm and is filed under Boston Red Sox. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.


text:
Home Podcast Podcast: Cuellar: Getting broadband to rural areas is now one of my...
Podcast: Cuellar: Getting broadband to rural areas is now one of my top issues
Mario Muñoz
MISSION, Texas – U.S. Rep. Henry Cuellar says Congress is pumping an additional $7 billion into broadband connectivity.
The Laredo Democrat welcomed the appropriation, arguing that the funding is particularly needed along the U.S.-Mexico border and in rural areas. He said improving internet access will be one of his top issues for 2021.
"We added about $7 billion for broadband connectivity," Cuellar said. "I think what we have seen with our kids at home and students online… we are finding that there are certain areas that don't have broadband. What we want to do is make sure that we keep building the infrastructure for broadband, especially in the rural areas."
Cuellar made his comments during a webinar he hosted to discuss the $1.4 trillion omnibus appropriations bill and the $900 billion coronavirus relief bill that Congress has just passed.
He said funding to improve broadband services is coming via the relief package and the appropriations package.
"We are working now to push that in the Valley. In fact, tomorrow I have a phone call with a company that is doing some of that broadband in the area, down there in the Valley," Cuellar said.
"The money is there and hopefully we will get that because we have seen under the pandemic some deficiencies, deficiencies in broadband andWiFi, computers for some families."
Cuellar said he has heard from teachers that many families have two or three kids at home with only one computer between them.
"We are trying to address that, with monies going to the schools so they can buy the equipment, the computers. WiFithat is being used by school districts, so they can set upWiFihotspots."
Cuellar said he has also spoken to some housing authorities that also want to provide broadband services.
"For example, in the Valley, they would like to use some of that money also forWiFifor some of those residents in Section 8 housing. And, of course, just in general the border area and the rural areas have deficiencies in broadband and that is why we are adding billions of dollars to do this."
Cuellar added: "If people ask me what is one of my goals for this next year, broadband is going to be one of them. That is why I have set up this phone call for tomorrow for some of the projects along the rural areas."
Producing quality journalism is not cheap. The coronavirus has resulted in falling revenues across the newsrooms of the United States. However, The Rio Grande Guardian is committed to producing quality news reporting on the issues that matter to border residents. The support of our members is vital in ensuring our mission gets fulfilled.
Henry Cuellar
Previous articleFreeman: Light at the End of the Tunnel; Not Only Vaccines
Next articleAbbott: Top legislative priorities include budget, public safety, healthcare, broadband
is a presenter for the Rio Grande Guardian. He previously worked for the Rio Grande Valley's public radio station from 1994 to 2019.


text:
The Complete Guide To The National Botanic Gardens
Ramble Dublin May 9, 2021 July 10, 2021
The National Botanic Gardens of Ireland in Glasnevin in North Dublin is a true jewel of the city. The horticultural wonderland stretches over 48 acres of lush greenery, including woodlands, rose gardens, flower beds, and greenhouses. Circled by a tall stone wall, the Botanic Gardens are an oasis away from the noise and rush of the city. The quiet, calm paths of the gardens take you on a journey through the wonders and beauty of the natural world.
While a botanic garden generally grows plants for scientific purposes, such as for use as reference plants to identify others, or for conservation purposes, the Botanic Gardens take pride in the innate beauty of the plants and flowers that they cultivate.
In this post we share the complete guide to The National Botanic Gardens.
The long history of the Botanic Gardens stretches back to 1790, when the Royal Dublin Society were granted funds to open a public botanic garden in Dublin. An estate that once belonged to the poet Thomas Tickell in Glasnevin was purchased in 1790. A double line of yew trees called Addison's Walk dates back to the time of Tickell's estate. The yew trees were planted in the 1720s and still stand to this day. Another remnant of Tickell's estate is his former home, which was turned into the director's residence. With a site secured, the gardens were opened to the public in 1795.
The first iteration of the gardens focused on a scientific approach to the study of agriculture, with food crops, medicinal plants, and flowers for use in dyeing primarily grown and studied. However, by the 1830s the focus of the gardens had shifted to the pursuit of botanical knowledge. It was during this time that the current shape of the gardens was set, with separate zones connected by paths criss-crossing the entire gardens. The botanical collection rapidly expanded during this period and came to include plants from all over the world.
The Greenhouses
In order to properly maintain the growing number of tropical plants, the famous Dublin iron-master Richard Turner was commissioned to build the great glass greenhouses that still stand in the centre of the gardens to this day. By the late 20th century some of the original structures in the gardens, including the greenhouses, had fallen into disrepair. In 1992, an ambitious program of redevelopment was embarked upon, and the greenhouses were fully restored for their former glory.
The main greenhouse, The Great Palm House, stands pride of place in the centre of the gardens. The hot, humid atmosphere sustained inside the greenhouse is the perfect environment for a wide range of tropical plants, including cavernous ferns, palms, and bamboo plants, as well as a range of tropical flowers. Stepping inside the greenhouse instantly transports you to a steaming, wild jungle full of colour and lush greenery.
The second largest greenhouse is The Curvilinear Range, located next to The Great Palm House at the heart of the gardens. This greenhouse is separated into three parts; the Western Wing, the Central House, and the Eastern Wing. The Western Wing is home to plants from the mountainous areas of South-East Asia, while the Western Wing houses plants from the Southern Hemisphere.
Alongside the two large greenhouses, there are several smaller greenhouses dotted around the gardens. These include the Alpine House, the Teak House, the Cactus and Succulent House, the Orchid House, and the Victoria Waterlily House. However, several of the smaller greenhouses are currently undergoing restoration and may be empty for periods. Each active greenhouse is perfectly calibrated to allow its resident plants to thrive, safe from the cold winters of Ireland.
Garden Highlights
Apart from the great greenhouses, one of the other undoubted jewels of the Botanic Gardens is the rose garden, located in the north-east of the gardens by the Tolka river. The rose garden is accessed by crossing a bridge over the river, and is at its most spectacular from mid-spring to the beginning of autumn.
The Herbaceous Border is another unmissable part of the gardens. The long path is flanked on either side by a riot of colourful plants and flowers that are at their best from spring to autumn. The path is an excellent spot for a photo when the sun is out.
Finally, make sure to take in the stretch of gardens along the Tolka river to the north. The gently flowing river is flanked on both sides by weeping willows and is usually abuzz with the sounds of birds, squirrels, and dragonflies.
As part of the redevelopment of the gardens in the 1990s, a modern visitor centre was created with a large cafe serving tea, coffee, and lunch items. There are also toilets available to the public in the visitor centre.
There is paid parking available in a small carpark onsite, and the gardens are also easily reachable by bus from the city centre, with a stop located right outside the entrance.
Entry to the Botanic Gardens is free of charge.
Location: National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin
Website: http://www.botanicgardens.ie/
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Our church is embarking on an exciting journey of learning and inspiration about our worship through a subscription to an on-line resource called "The Worship Design Studio, (WDS)" that will guide us as we discern how best to enhance what we already do while honoring our great Christian tradition of worship. The Greek word for worship–leitourgia–usually translated as "liturgy," literally means, "the work of the people." The underlying principal in the Worship Design Studio is that planning worship should also be the work of the people, as well as what we do in our weekly worship. So, this virtual online learning and planning application will help more of us be involved in evaluating and planning our worship. Being part of a worship team could become one of the most vibrant, vital and fun ways to carry out our discipleship. It includes bible study, theology, artistry, mission, commitment, spiritual direction and fellowship. It can be multigenerational and include those of you who consider themselves "creative" as well as those who simply want to help carry out simple tasks. You can spend as much or as little time as you can (and do a lot of it right from your computer). As we begin to explore this resource, we will let you know how you can be involved.
Feel free to see more information at: www.worshipdesignstudio.com and let me know if you'd like to get access to our subscription.
Throughout the season of Lent, we have been using resources from WDS which were inspired by the book Gifts of the Dark Wood, written by Eric Elnes. Our worship has been enhanced by the visual displays set up by the Art Club and we learned new music, supported by our excellent musicians. The positive response during Lent has encouraged us to move forward with this resource.
Our theme for the Easter season comes from the song of the same name that we will sing at the communion table on Easter Sunday and throughout the rest of the season. In "The Cup of Freedom," we give thanks for the freedom that is ours as we live as "Easter People"—a people of resurrected life. We sing, "I will take the cup of freedom and call on the name of God!" To "take" up this cup of love is an active gesture. The action suggests that we have the God-given power to act, to leave death behind and move toward a hope-filled future together. Throughout the season, we will claim this power to move forward, to sing, to follow, to rise again, to love, to heal, and to be opened. In the end, we are filled with the freedom of the Spirit of God.
Come open your heart, mind, and spirit to resurrection!


text:
<?php

namespace Hubzero\Content;

use App;

/**
 * Content negotiator for files application
 */
class Moderator
{
	/**
	 * The path to the content being served
	 *
	 * @var  string
	 **/
	private $path = null;

	/**
	 * The token identifier
	 *
	 * @var  string
	 **/
	private $token = null;

	/**
	 * The session identifier
	 *
	 * @var  string
	 **/
	private $session_id = null;

	/**
	 * The site secret key
	 *
	 * @var  string
	 **/
	private $secret = null;

	/**
	 * Constructs the moderator
	 *
	 * @param   string  $identifier  The entity identifier, either a path or a token hash
	 * @param   string  $session_id  The PHP session id to use when creating the token
	 * @param   string  $secret      The site secret used when creating the token
	 * @return  void
	 **/
	public function __construct($identifier = null, $session_id = null, $secret = null)
	{
		if (is_file($identifier))
		{
			$this->path = $identifier;
		}
		else
		{
			$this->decompose($identifier);
		}

		// We assume that if session_id and secret aren't included, that we're
		// in an environement where we can easily grab them.
		if (!$session_id && App::has('session'))
		{
			$session_id = App::get('session')->getId();
		}
		$this->session_id = $session_id;

		if (!$secret && App::has('config'))
		{
			$secret = App::get('config')->get('secret');
		}
		$this->secret = $secret;
	}

	/**
	 * Builds the url identifier to the content
	 *
	 * @return  string
	 **/
	public function getUrl()
	{
		return App::get('request')->root(true) . 'files/' . $this->getIdentifier();
	}

	/**
	 * Gets the file path
	 *
	 * @return  string
	 **/
	public function getPath()
	{
		return $this->path;
	}

	/**
	 * Validates the given token against the session date
	 *
	 * @return  bool
	 **/
	public function validateToken()
	{
		if ($this->token !== $this->getToken())
		{
			// Using 'public' as the session ID allows for shareable URLs
			// not tied to a specific user session. Usage would be for
			// files that do not need access control.
			$this->session_id = 'public';
		}
		return ($this->token === $this->getToken());
	}

	/**
	 * Generates the url string identifier
	 *
	 * @return  string
	 **/
	private function getIdentifier()
	{
		return base64_encode($this->getToken() . ':' . $this->path);
	}

	/**
	 * Generates the request token
	 *
	 * @return  string
	 **/
	private function getToken()
	{
		return hash('sha256', $this->session_id . ':' . $this->secret);
	}

	/**
	 * Unpacks the token into meaninful bits
	 *
	 * @param   string  $identifier  The identifier to process
	 * @return  void
	 **/
	private function decompose($identifier)
	{
		$identifier = base64_decode($identifier);

		if (strstr($identifier, ':'))
		{
			list($token, $path) = explode(':', $identifier, 2);

			$this->token = $token;
			$this->path  = $path;
		}
	}
}


A VoIP system from The Tech Lounge costs just £10.00 per month per extension.
Calls to UK Landlines (anytime) are charges at 1.2 pence per minute, and calls to UK mobiles (Anytime) are charged at 9.5 pence per minute. All calls are charged by the second and there are no call connection charges.
All prices are subject to VAT @ 20%.


text:
The Essential Directors
by Sloan De Forest
ON SALE: 25th November 2021
Genre: The Arts / Film, Tv & Radio / Films, Cinema
For well over a century, those who create motion pictures have touched our hearts and souls; they have transported and transformed our minds, intoxicated and entranced our senses. One artist's vision is the single most prominent force behind the scenes: the director. The Essential Directors illuminates the unseen forces behind some of the most notable screen triumphs from the aesthetic peak of silent cinema through the New Hollywood of the 1970s. Considering each artist's influence on the medium, cultural impact, and degree of achievement, Turner Classic Movies presents a compendium of Hollywood's most influential filmmakers, with profiles offering history and insight on the filmmaker's narrative style, unique touches, contributions to the medium, key films, and distinctive movie moments to watch for. The work of these game-changing artists is illustrated throughout by more than 200 full-color and black-and-white photographs.
In The Essential Directors you'll read how Cecil B. DeMille revamped religion to define an era, and how Oscar Micheaux broke barriers to become the most influential Black filmmaker of the 1920s. You'll marvel at the efficient artistry of "One-Take Woody" Van Dyke and fall in love again with the sophisticated studio-era classics
of George Cukor. You'll gain insight into how women like Dorothy Arzner and Ida Lupino built thriving careers in an industry ruled by men and discover what drove Mike Nichols to mix comedy with tragedy, becoming the highest-paid director of his day in the the process. The Essential Directors presents the work of these game-changing artists and dozens more in this stunning volume.


After a brief hiatus, customer proprietary network information rules are back in the Code of Federal Regulations where they have remained unchanged for the greater part of the last decade.
And there they will remain for the foreseeable future, thanks to Congress' use of the Congressional Review Act.
Not too long ago, CPNI rules were slated for elimination. When the Federal Communications Commission under Chairman Tom Wheeler adopted new privacy rules late last year, the FCC planned to phase out existing CPNI-specific rules, such as the annual CPNI certification and the disclosure safeguards rule. In place of CPNI rules, the FCC planned to implement an overarching telecommunications privacy regime that would protect more types of personal data and cover more telecommunications companies, including internet service providers. But the plan was instantly put into jeopardy after the 2016 election, and within five months, Congress eliminated the Wheeler privacy rules using its CRA authority.
Congress rarely resorts to using the CRA to reverse an agency's rule, but when Congress does so, there are two main results: First, the CRA action returns the regulatory structure to the status quo ante (the previously existing state of affairs); and second, the CRA prevents the agency from reissuing the rule in "substantially the same form." Accordingly, Congress' CRA legislation brought back CPNI rules and tied the FCC's hands with regard to future changes to CPNI and privacy regulation, generally.
In this sense, the reincarnation of the CPNI rules is emblematic of the emerging axiom of the Trump administration: Regulations predating the Obama years stay, but any rule written after 2008 must go. Last revised in 2007, the CPNI rules are ancient by technology standards, clunky and overly prescriptive. But with Washington dead set on reversing Obama-era regulations, outdated CPNI rules are good enough.
CPNI rules are the only customer data privacy rules the FCC has ever enforced. CPNI is defined as "information such as the phone numbers called by a consumer; the frequency, duration, and timing of such calls; and any services purchased by the consumer, such as call waiting," according to the FCC. Carriers are restricted in how they use CPNI for marketing purposes and are required to take specific steps to protect CPNI from unauthorized access.
Under Chairman Wheeler, the FCC reimagined its privacy mission and rewrote its privacy rules accordingly. The new rules expanded the FCC's privacy oversight to internet service providers, leading to a backlash that eventually sunk the new rules. But the new rules were broader even than that, applying to substantially all telecommunications carriers in the marketplace, including traditional telecommunications companies and interconnected VoIP providers. And in an effort to harmonize all the rules, the Wheeler FCC planned to eliminate unnecessary CPNI rule burdens on businesses and remove outdated provisions.
In an effort to harmonize all the rules, the Wheeler FCC planned to eliminate unnecessary CPNI rule burdens on businesses and remove outdated provisions.
Here's what the new rules would have done: First, the FCC eliminated the annual CPNI certification requirement and the requirement to retain records of marketing campaigns using CPNI. This new rule became effective in January 2017, and about 88 percent of carriers followed through and did not file their annual certification in March 2017.
The FCC explained, "eliminating these requirements reduced burdens for all carriers … We find that carriers are likely to keep records necessary to allow for any necessary enforcement without the need for specific requirements." But the FCC's arguments no longer matter. Congress has spoken, and the CPNI certification is back, indefinitely. Carriers will be required to file their certification March 1, 2018, and have Congress to thank for the requirement.
Another action that the Wheeler FCC took was to create a broad business customer exemption for providers of telecommunications services. The rule would have allowed telecommunications carriers to "bind themselves contractually to privacy and data security regimes other than" the FCC's privacy rule. In order to take advantage of this exemption, carriers merely had to address all the issues in the privacy rule — transparency, choice, data security and data breach notification — in their customer contract and provide a way for customers to communicate with the carrier about privacy and data security concerns.
For carriers focused on the business-to-business marketplace, this exemption would have significantly reduced CPNI burdens. But again, Congress had no interest in delving into details. By using the CRA, Congress disapproved of the FCC's business customer exemption just like it disapproved of the rest of the privacy rules.
Another common sense change to CPNI rules was the intended elimination by the Wheeler FCC of the convoluted disclosure safeguards rule in favor of a broader data security rule.
Another common sense change to CPNI rules was the intended elimination by the Wheeler FCC of the convoluted disclosure safeguards rule in favor of a broader data security rule. To address pretexting fraud, the FCC more than a decade ago implemented customer authentication rules requiring that telecommunications companies require passwords and other mechanisms for protecting customer data from unauthorized access. These were common sense rules in their day, but today, they are neither necessary nor sufficient.
As the Wheeler FCC found, "this is a complex area where providers need the flexibility to adapt their practices to new threats." Accordingly, the FCC dispensed with customer authentication rules and instead adopted a baseline data security rule requiring that carriers take "reasonable measures" to protect customer data. Regardless, when Congress passed the CRA legislation, it voted against the baseline data security rule and the data security flexibility that rule would have ensured for carriers.
Now, admittedly, not all of the Wheeler privacy rules would have reduced burdens on businesses. But even the most controversial new rule, the consent rule, would have improved on the CPNI rule. The CPNI consent rule is purpose based: If CPNI is to be used to market categories of services a customer does not already subscribe to, the carrier must obtain opt-out consent. For marketing of services a customer subscribes to, no consent is required.
In comparison, the Wheeler privacy rules were based on the sensitivity of data. If a carrier were to use or share customer data, including for marketing, the carrier would be required to allow a customer to opt-out. If the data to be used or shared was considered "sensitive," then a customer would be required to opt-in.
This sensitivity-based regime is in line with Federal Trade Commission guidelines and would have simplified compliance. Rather than require companies to differentiate between marketing campaigns or to anger customers seeking to opt-out only to learn they are not able to do so, the Wheeler privacy rule would have streamlined the opt-out process.
But again, Congress was not interested in consumer control or the harmonization of privacy regulation with FTC standards when it passed the CRA. And now, CPNI rules, no matter how convoluted or burdensome, are here to stay.
By passing the CRA legislation eliminating FCC privacy rules and restoring CPNI rules, Congress has taken action that does not permit the FCC to issue a regulation in "substantially the same form" without future Congressional intervention.
That appears to be just fine for the FCC's leadership. In June, the FCC released a ministerial Order restoring CPNI rules without any notice or comment period. Other than a critical statement by the lone Democratic Commissioner Mignon Clyburn, the Order amounted to an emotionless return to the past without any clues as to future CPNI policy.
But the industry and future FCC commissioners should not give up on making changes to CPNI rules simply because of the CRA. For one thing, the law preventing re-issuance of the regulation in "substantially the same form" has never truly been tested and certainly has not been tested in an FCC context.
For example, the Wheeler FCC's new privacy rules were supposed to apply to "customer proprietary information," which would have included not only CPNI but also personally identifiable information and the content of communications. If the FCC reissued the consent rule or the data security rule and applied the rule only to CPNI, that is a substantially different rule.
Also, the business customer exemption requires contracts to specifically address transparency, choice, data security, and data breach notification, all of which were elements in the Wheeler privacy rules. A CPNI-specific business customer exemption could be substantially different if it applied to CPNI-specific elements of the CPNI rule.
But for now, the CPNI certification requirement is here to stay. Perhaps for a long time.


text:
Rocky Island South Conservation Park är ett naturreservat på ön Rocky Island (South) i Australien. Den ligger i delstaten South Australia, omkring 350 kilometer väster om delstatshuvudstaden Adelaide. Ön ligger cirka 60 kilometer från fastlandet.

Källor

Naturskydd i South Australia


I've seen a lot of people loose their jobs either due to corporate downsizing as some call it or due to the company having new owners. What typically happens in most organizations is that the staffs get paid severance or simply just gets their one month's salary in lieu. Not enough money to last you 3months without a job.
What if you were to part away with 5% of your salary every month in exchange for say 70% of your monthly salary when you loose your jobs. Would you accept that bargain? I believe not very few will accept the bargain provided everyone participates. This concept is called "Unemployment Insurance" or "Employment Insurance" depending on which nomenclature gives you the most comfort. It involves employees and/or employers contributing respectively a mandatory percentage of the staff salaries as insurance premiums to an insurance company in exchange for Insurance against job losses. So, a staff who contributes part of his salary as premiums will be paid insurance (part or all of his monthly salary) for a year or until he or she finds a new job. This system is practiced in varying forms in a lot of countries like Canada, Germany, Argentina, Japan, Holland to name a few.
Isn't it time Nigeria practices it too? Currently no such system exist in Nigeria and I certainly think its time considering the spate of job losses and job insecurity that is prevalent in our society. Nothing however stops anyone from trying it out with the insurance companies individually I would think. I certainly will part with a percentage of my salary every month to insure against the risk of not earning an income when I loose my job (God Forbid) provided an Insurance company is willing to take the risk. People these days insure cars, electronics, properties etc, so why not insure your pocket. For example, car owners pay 5% of the values of their car as insurance premiums. Paying 3% or even 6% of your salary every month looks like fair bargain so why not take the chance.
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doh am into one, enlightenment here is paramount becos according to my case study, I found out that most people 4 all that they care especially Nigerian (an average one will tell u say na God dey protect life of which is wrong. its just understanding missing.
Are there any Nigerian insurance companies who practise this? Sounds like something interesting.
Also would the premium not be much higher than 3-6%, considering the relative scarcity of jobs in Nigeria, compared to the developed world?
Hi Jide, premium may be much higher or lower depending on where the person buying the insurance works. For example, it will make sense for a staff of say Mobil or a Ministry to pay much lower premiums because job security is higher in such places.