text:
Keywords: postcolonial x
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Patricia Owens
in Between War and Politics: International Relations and the Thought of Hannah Arendt
Political Science, Political Theory, International Relations and Politics
Arendt's apparent exclusion of violence from politics — her definitionally-enforced distinction — actually linked politics and war together in a historically and conceptually rich relationship. She ... More
Arendt's apparent exclusion of violence from politics — her definitionally-enforced distinction — actually linked politics and war together in a historically and conceptually rich relationship. She criticized the dominant Western traditions of social and political thought for borrowing their models of politics from the realm of organised violence, of command and obedience. But it is her political thought that is deeply influenced by the enduring significance of war. It may be necessary now, more than ever, to learn how to think with Arendt, a time that has delivered us moral and political catastrophes, which while not exceeding her day, strongly resemble and are directly linked to those she directly confronted. Postcolonial conflicts, revolutions and occupations, wars of annihilation and crimes against humanity, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and accusations of Islamo-fascism — these are among the social forces relating and separating peoples and states through organised violence.Less
Arendt's apparent exclusion of violence from politics — her definitionally-enforced distinction — actually linked politics and war together in a historically and conceptually rich relationship. She criticized the dominant Western traditions of social and political thought for borrowing their models of politics from the realm of organised violence, of command and obedience. But it is her political thought that is deeply influenced by the enduring significance of war. It may be necessary now, more than ever, to learn how to think with Arendt, a time that has delivered us moral and political catastrophes, which while not exceeding her day, strongly resemble and are directly linked to those she directly confronted. Postcolonial conflicts, revolutions and occupations, wars of annihilation and crimes against humanity, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and accusations of Islamo-fascism — these are among the social forces relating and separating peoples and states through organised violence.
Keywords: Arendt, postcolonial violence, occupation, genocide, crimes against humanity, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia
Execution and Invention: Death Penalty Discourse in Early Rabbinic and Christian Cultures
Beth A. Berkowitz
Religion, Religion and Society
Execution and Invention: Death Penalty Discourse in Early Rabbinic and Christian Cultures argues that ancient rabbis and Christians used death penalty discourse to invent themselves as ... More
Execution and Invention: Death Penalty Discourse in Early Rabbinic and Christian Cultures argues that ancient rabbis and Christians used death penalty discourse to invent themselves as figures of authority. This approach runs counter to much previous scholarship on the subject, which claims that ancient Jews opposed the death penalty and would have abolished it if not for its presence in the Bible. The book explores this scholarship and shows it to have been fueled by modern anti-Semitism, polemics with the the Jewish Enlightenment's inheritance of anti-rabbinism, as well as controversy in the United States over capital punishment and its abolition. The book moves beyond this "humanitarianism" approach, inviting us instead to see the problem of building and maintaining authority as the crux around which ancient death penalty discourse developed. Drawing on ritual theory, postcolonial theory, and scholarship on criminal execution in other historical contexts, Execution and Invention asks new questions of the ancient texts: How and why do ancient western religions talk about killing criminals? What are the social consequences of this kind of violent talk? What kind of authority is imagined by these texts, and What strategies do the texts use to make this authority seem compelling? Combining the contemporary theory with classical source critical approaches, the book closely reads a variety of ancient texts describing criminal executions. It newly interprets these texts, showing that their descriptions of violent deaths have a complex social function. In the process, the book spins out the social implications of capital punishment and overturns enduring stereotypes of Judaism and Christianity.Less
Execution and Invention : Death Penalty Discourse in Early Rabbinic and Christian Cultures
Execution and Invention: Death Penalty Discourse in Early Rabbinic and Christian Cultures argues that ancient rabbis and Christians used death penalty discourse to invent themselves as figures of authority. This approach runs counter to much previous scholarship on the subject, which claims that ancient Jews opposed the death penalty and would have abolished it if not for its presence in the Bible. The book explores this scholarship and shows it to have been fueled by modern anti-Semitism, polemics with the the Jewish Enlightenment's inheritance of anti-rabbinism, as well as controversy in the United States over capital punishment and its abolition. The book moves beyond this "humanitarianism" approach, inviting us instead to see the problem of building and maintaining authority as the crux around which ancient death penalty discourse developed. Drawing on ritual theory, postcolonial theory, and scholarship on criminal execution in other historical contexts, Execution and Invention asks new questions of the ancient texts: How and why do ancient western religions talk about killing criminals? What are the social consequences of this kind of violent talk? What kind of authority is imagined by these texts, and What strategies do the texts use to make this authority seem compelling? Combining the contemporary theory with classical source critical approaches, the book closely reads a variety of ancient texts describing criminal executions. It newly interprets these texts, showing that their descriptions of violent deaths have a complex social function. In the process, the book spins out the social implications of capital punishment and overturns enduring stereotypes of Judaism and Christianity.
Keywords: criminal execution, death penalty, authority, Rabbinic culture, Christian culture, ritual theory, postcolonial theory, capital punishment
Penpoints, Gunpoints, and Dreams: Towards a Critical Theory of the Arts and the State in Africa
Ngugi wa Thiong'o
Literature, World Literature, Film, Media, and Cultural Studies
This book explores the relationship between art and political power in society, taking as its starting point the experience of writers in contemporary Africa, where they are often seen as the enemy ... More
This book explores the relationship between art and political power in society, taking as its starting point the experience of writers in contemporary Africa, where they are often seen as the enemy of the postcolonial state. This study, in turn, raises the wider issues of the relationship between the state of art and the art of the state, particularly in their struggle for the control of performance space in territorial, temporal, social, and even psychic contexts. The book calls for the alliance of art and people power and freedom and dignity against the encroachments of modern states. Art, it argues, needs to be active, engaged, insistent on being what it has always been, and the embodiment of dreams for a truly human world.Less
Penpoints, Gunpoints, and Dreams : Towards a Critical Theory of the Arts and the State in Africa
This book explores the relationship between art and political power in society, taking as its starting point the experience of writers in contemporary Africa, where they are often seen as the enemy of the postcolonial state. This study, in turn, raises the wider issues of the relationship between the state of art and the art of the state, particularly in their struggle for the control of performance space in territorial, temporal, social, and even psychic contexts. The book calls for the alliance of art and people power and freedom and dignity against the encroachments of modern states. Art, it argues, needs to be active, engaged, insistent on being what it has always been, and the embodiment of dreams for a truly human world.
Keywords: art, political power, Africa, postcolonial state, state of art, art of the state, people power, freedom, dignity
Local Histories/Global Designs: Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking
Walter D. Mignolo
10.23943/princeton/9780691156095.001.0001
Anthropology, Social and Cultural Anthropology
This book is an extended argument about the "coloniality" of power. In a shrinking world where sharp dichotomies, such as East/West and developing/developed, blur and shift, this book points to the ... More
This book is an extended argument about the "coloniality" of power. In a shrinking world where sharp dichotomies, such as East/West and developing/developed, blur and shift, this book points to the inadequacy of current practices in the social sciences and area studies. It explores the crucial notion of "colonial difference" in the study of the modern colonial world and traces the emergence of an epistemic shift, which the book calls "border thinking." Further, the book expands the horizons of those debates already under way in postcolonial studies of Asia and Africa by dwelling on the genealogy of thoughts of South/Central America, the Caribbean, and Latino/as in the United States. The book's concept of "border gnosis," or sensing and knowing by dwelling in imperial/colonial borderlands, counters the tendency of occidentalist perspectives to manage, and thus limit, understanding. A new preface discusses this book as a dialogue with Hegel's Philosophy of History.Less
Local Histories/Global Designs : Coloniality, Subaltern Knowledges, and Border Thinking
This book is an extended argument about the "coloniality" of power. In a shrinking world where sharp dichotomies, such as East/West and developing/developed, blur and shift, this book points to the inadequacy of current practices in the social sciences and area studies. It explores the crucial notion of "colonial difference" in the study of the modern colonial world and traces the emergence of an epistemic shift, which the book calls "border thinking." Further, the book expands the horizons of those debates already under way in postcolonial studies of Asia and Africa by dwelling on the genealogy of thoughts of South/Central America, the Caribbean, and Latino/as in the United States. The book's concept of "border gnosis," or sensing and knowing by dwelling in imperial/colonial borderlands, counters the tendency of occidentalist perspectives to manage, and thus limit, understanding. A new preface discusses this book as a dialogue with Hegel's Philosophy of History.
Keywords: power, social sciences, modern colonial world, colonial difference, postcolonial Asia, postcolonial Africa, imperial borderland, colonial borderland, South America, Central America
Empire, Media, and the Autonomous Woman: A Feminist Critique of Postcolonial Thought
Esha Niyogi De
Drawing lessons from the intersection of literature, photography, cinema, television, dance-drama, and ethnography, this book presents a unique analysis of Indian activist thought spread over two ... More
Drawing lessons from the intersection of literature, photography, cinema, television, dance-drama, and ethnography, this book presents a unique analysis of Indian activist thought spread over two centuries. It discusses two presuppositions of liberal individualism: personal autonomy and ethical autonomy. Besides, it argues that the 'individual' has been creatively indigenized in modern non-Western cultures: thinkers attentive to gender in postcolonial cultures embrace selected ethical premises of the Enlightenment and its human rights discourse while they refuse possessive individualism. Debating influential schools of postcolonial and transnational studies, the chapter provides radical argument through a rich tapestry of gender portrayals drawn from two moments of modern Indian thought: the rise of humanism in the colony and the growth of new individualism in contemporary liberalized India. From autobiographical texts by nineteenth century Bengali prostitutes, point-of-view photography, as well as women-centred dance-dramas and essays by Rabindranath Tagore to representation of Tagore's works on mainstream television, video, and stage; feminist cinema, choreography and performance by Aparna Sen and Manjusri Chaki-Sircar respectively—the book makes use of such and much more to creatively engage with empire, media, and gender.Less
Empire, Media, and the Autonomous Woman : A Feminist Critique of Postcolonial Thought
Drawing lessons from the intersection of literature, photography, cinema, television, dance-drama, and ethnography, this book presents a unique analysis of Indian activist thought spread over two centuries. It discusses two presuppositions of liberal individualism: personal autonomy and ethical autonomy. Besides, it argues that the 'individual' has been creatively indigenized in modern non-Western cultures: thinkers attentive to gender in postcolonial cultures embrace selected ethical premises of the Enlightenment and its human rights discourse while they refuse possessive individualism. Debating influential schools of postcolonial and transnational studies, the chapter provides radical argument through a rich tapestry of gender portrayals drawn from two moments of modern Indian thought: the rise of humanism in the colony and the growth of new individualism in contemporary liberalized India. From autobiographical texts by nineteenth century Bengali prostitutes, point-of-view photography, as well as women-centred dance-dramas and essays by Rabindranath Tagore to representation of Tagore's works on mainstream television, video, and stage; feminist cinema, choreography and performance by Aparna Sen and Manjusri Chaki-Sircar respectively—the book makes use of such and much more to creatively engage with empire, media, and gender.
Keywords: liberal individualism, personal autonomy, ethical autonomy, non-Western cultures, postcolonial cultures, Enlightenment, new Individualism, Rabindranath Tagore, Aparna Sen, Manjusri Chaki-Sircar
Feminist Theology and the Challenge of Difference
Margaret D. Kamitsuka
Religion, Theology
How can we respect the irreducible diversity of women's experiences and unmask entrenched forms of privilege in feminist theological discourse? This book offers proposals on how to address the ... More
How can we respect the irreducible diversity of women's experiences and unmask entrenched forms of privilege in feminist theological discourse? This book offers proposals on how to address the challenge of difference for constructive theological purposes. Toward this end, the objective of this book is three-fold: 1) to make the case for why ongoing attentiveness to differences of race and sexuality is needed in order to avoid the imposition of white racial privilege and heterosexual privilege; 2) to make creative use of poststructuralism principally (Judith Butler, Michel Foucault), but also postcolonial, queer, and other theoretical resources in order to complicate our understanding of embodied selfhood, moral agency, and empowerment; and 3) to make constructive proposals in light of those theories on methodological issues (e.g., appeals to women's experience, to the erotic, or to women's solidarity), on hermeneutical issues (e.g., white feminist uses of the literature of women of color or interpreting biblical texts that harbor patriarchal, imperialist, heteronormative, and other biases), and on doctrinal issues (e.g., sin, creation in the image of God, and christology). New theoretical resources are indispensable for analyzing divisive issues in feminist theology today, and for carving out new avenues for critical negotiation with a religious tradition that feminists see as both alienating and sustaining, repressive and empowering.Less
How can we respect the irreducible diversity of women's experiences and unmask entrenched forms of privilege in feminist theological discourse? This book offers proposals on how to address the challenge of difference for constructive theological purposes. Toward this end, the objective of this book is three-fold: 1) to make the case for why ongoing attentiveness to differences of race and sexuality is needed in order to avoid the imposition of white racial privilege and heterosexual privilege; 2) to make creative use of poststructuralism principally (Judith Butler, Michel Foucault), but also postcolonial, queer, and other theoretical resources in order to complicate our understanding of embodied selfhood, moral agency, and empowerment; and 3) to make constructive proposals in light of those theories on methodological issues (e.g., appeals to women's experience, to the erotic, or to women's solidarity), on hermeneutical issues (e.g., white feminist uses of the literature of women of color or interpreting biblical texts that harbor patriarchal, imperialist, heteronormative, and other biases), and on doctrinal issues (e.g., sin, creation in the image of God, and christology). New theoretical resources are indispensable for analyzing divisive issues in feminist theology today, and for carving out new avenues for critical negotiation with a religious tradition that feminists see as both alienating and sustaining, repressive and empowering.
Keywords: race, sexuality, women's experience, sin, poststructuralism, Judith Butler, Michel Foucault, postcolonial theory, biblical interpretation, doctrine
The Islamic Leviathan: Islam and the making of State Power.
Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr
Political Science, International Relations and Politics
Islamism is often associated with oppositional social movements. However, increasingly, Muslim states too have served as agents of Islamism. They have adopted Islamization strategies, and realigned ... More
Islamism is often associated with oppositional social movements. However, increasingly, Muslim states too have served as agents of Islamism. They have adopted Islamization strategies, and realigned state ideology and policy‐making to reflect Islamist ideals and to fulfill demands of Islamic ideology. They have done so not only as a reaction to Islamist challenges from below but also to harness the energies of Islamism to expand state power and capacity. By co‐opting Islamism, they have strengthened the postcolonial state. Pakistan during the Zia ul‐Haq period, and Malaysia under Mahathir Mohammad have been at the forefront of this trend, devising Islamization from above strategies that allowed these weak states to effectively alleviate limitations before exercise of state power and to pursue goals such as economic growth. The Islamization of the postcolonial state underscores the importance of religion and culture to state power and capacity.Less
The Islamic Leviathan : Islam and the making of State Power.
Islamism is often associated with oppositional social movements. However, increasingly, Muslim states too have served as agents of Islamism. They have adopted Islamization strategies, and realigned state ideology and policy‐making to reflect Islamist ideals and to fulfill demands of Islamic ideology. They have done so not only as a reaction to Islamist challenges from below but also to harness the energies of Islamism to expand state power and capacity. By co‐opting Islamism, they have strengthened the postcolonial state. Pakistan during the Zia ul‐Haq period, and Malaysia under Mahathir Mohammad have been at the forefront of this trend, devising Islamization from above strategies that allowed these weak states to effectively alleviate limitations before exercise of state power and to pursue goals such as economic growth. The Islamization of the postcolonial state underscores the importance of religion and culture to state power and capacity.
Keywords: Islamic ideology, Islamic state, Islamism, Islamization, Malaysia, Mahathir Mohammed, Pakistan, postcolonial state, state capacity, Zia ul‐Haq
Caribbean Classics and the Postcolonial Canon
Emily Greenwood
in Afro-Greeks: Dialogues between Anglophone Caribbean Literature and Classics in the Twentieth Century
Classical Studies, Literary Studies: Classical, Early, and Medieval
This final chapter argues that the study of the reception of Classics in the anglophone Caribbean needs to focus not just on the dialogue with the literatures of Greece and Rome, but also on the ... More
This final chapter argues that the study of the reception of Classics in the anglophone Caribbean needs to focus not just on the dialogue with the literatures of Greece and Rome, but also on the dialogue between Caribbean authors themselves. To this end, discussion turns to the Jamaican poet Figueroa, who many critics have identified as an important precursor for the New World classicism in Walcott's poetry. Similarly, Kamau Brathwaite's revision of universal history in X/Self is seen to offer an important framework for Caribbean Classics in view of the poet's contention that the Caribbean's history of catastrophe presents a logical vantage point from which to survey the global succession of empires leading back to Rome and beyond. The book concludes with the suggestion that anglophone Caribbean writers have recalibrated the canon so that they are the natural successors of Horace, or Ovid, writing from the provinces and holding the cultural centre.Less
This final chapter argues that the study of the reception of Classics in the anglophone Caribbean needs to focus not just on the dialogue with the literatures of Greece and Rome, but also on the dialogue between Caribbean authors themselves. To this end, discussion turns to the Jamaican poet Figueroa, who many critics have identified as an important precursor for the New World classicism in Walcott's poetry. Similarly, Kamau Brathwaite's revision of universal history in X/Self is seen to offer an important framework for Caribbean Classics in view of the poet's contention that the Caribbean's history of catastrophe presents a logical vantage point from which to survey the global succession of empires leading back to Rome and beyond. The book concludes with the suggestion that anglophone Caribbean writers have recalibrated the canon so that they are the natural successors of Horace, or Ovid, writing from the provinces and holding the cultural centre.
Keywords: Merle Hodge, Kamau Brathwaite, John Figueroa, X/Self, Caribbean classics, postcolonial classics, Helen of Troy, postcolonial canon, cosmopolitanism
Introduction: Defining the Problem
in The Islamic Leviathan: Islam and the making of State Power.
Most studies of Islamism have focused on the role of oppositional forces. Increasingly, states are also important Islamist actors. States pursue Islamization not only in reaction to Islamist ... More
Most studies of Islamism have focused on the role of oppositional forces. Increasingly, states are also important Islamist actors. States pursue Islamization not only in reaction to Islamist challenges but also because in Islamism they see the opportunity to address the inherent weaknesses of the postcolonial state structure, and to significantly increase the power and capacity of the state. This trend is most evident in Pakistan and Malaysia where both the weakness of the postcolonial state and the opportunity inherent in Islamization have been greatest. These cases deviate from other models of state formation in the Muslim world, and provide new insights not only into state formation in the Muslim world but also into the study of the role of religion in state expansion in comparative politics.Less
Introduction : Defining the Problem
Most studies of Islamism have focused on the role of oppositional forces. Increasingly, states are also important Islamist actors. States pursue Islamization not only in reaction to Islamist challenges but also because in Islamism they see the opportunity to address the inherent weaknesses of the postcolonial state structure, and to significantly increase the power and capacity of the state. This trend is most evident in Pakistan and Malaysia where both the weakness of the postcolonial state and the opportunity inherent in Islamization have been greatest. These cases deviate from other models of state formation in the Muslim world, and provide new insights not only into state formation in the Muslim world but also into the study of the role of religion in state expansion in comparative politics.
Keywords: comparative politics, Islamism, Islamization, Malaysia, Pakistan, postcolonial states, state formation, state power, weak states
Pakistan, 1977–1997: Islamization and Restoration of State Power
The Zia ul‐Haq regime adopted state‐led Islamization to shore up waning state power. It adopted aspects of Islamist ideology to reshape the country's judicial and political structures. This strategy ... More
The Zia ul‐Haq regime adopted state‐led Islamization to shore up waning state power. It adopted aspects of Islamist ideology to reshape the country's judicial and political structures. This strategy expanded state power after years of domestic strife and at a time when Pakistan was involved in the Afghan War. The policy was also used to legitimate military rule, providing a justification for its continuation as demands for democratization grew. The Islamization strategy firmly entrenched the postcolonial state in Islamic ideology and allowed the military to ally itself with Islamist forces to achieve its goals.Less
Pakistan, 1977–1997 : Islamization and Restoration of State Power
The Zia ul‐Haq regime adopted state‐led Islamization to shore up waning state power. It adopted aspects of Islamist ideology to reshape the country's judicial and political structures. This strategy expanded state power after years of domestic strife and at a time when Pakistan was involved in the Afghan War. The policy was also used to legitimate military rule, providing a justification for its continuation as demands for democratization grew. The Islamization strategy firmly entrenched the postcolonial state in Islamic ideology and allowed the military to ally itself with Islamist forces to achieve its goals.
Keywords: Afghan War, democratization, Islamic ideology, Islamism, Islamization, legitimation, military rule, Pakistan, postcolonial state, Zia ul‐Haq
The Asian Modern: Culture, Capitalist Development, Singapore
C. J. W.-L. Wee
Society and Culture, Asian Studies
This book is an account of how the modernization processes for postcolonial societies in Asia such as India, Malaysia, and Singapore are fraught with collaborations and conflicts between different ... More
This book is an account of how the modernization processes for postcolonial societies in Asia such as India, Malaysia, and Singapore are fraught with collaborations and conflicts between different socio-political, historical, economic, and cultural agents.Less
The Asian Modern : Culture, Capitalist Development, Singapore
This book is an account of how the modernization processes for postcolonial societies in Asia such as India, Malaysia, and Singapore are fraught with collaborations and conflicts between different socio-political, historical, economic, and cultural agents.
Keywords: modernization processes, postcolonial societies, Asia, collaborations, conflicts
Walking Macao, Reading the Baroque
Jeremy Tambling and Louis Lo
History, Asian History
This is a guide-book that brings forth the art and architecture of Macao and the baroque treasures that make the territory of Macao so attractive. The book aims to help with an understanding of the ... More
This is a guide-book that brings forth the art and architecture of Macao and the baroque treasures that make the territory of Macao so attractive. The book aims to help with an understanding of the complex history and layout of the city as a Portuguese ex-colony founded in the sixteenth century, as a postcolonial city, and as a modern Chinese city. As the chapters consider the special nature of Macao's baroque, they discuss whether its Chinese architecture—its temples, gardens and houses—is also baroque; and what is the importance of the new casino architecture, much of which imitates "the baroque" in its postmodern character. They weave discussion of Camões' epic poem, The Lusiads, about Portuguese imperialism, and Chinnery's paintings into the exploration of Macao's present buildings. To create this new way of looking at Macao, the chapters draw on critical, cultural, and "postmodern" theory inspired by the baroque, discussing in particular what the ideas of Walter Benjamin, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Gilles Deleuze can bring to our understanding of Macao and the baroque. The book gives light to contemporary literary and cultural theory, and theory about cities, and helps with the understanding of this through the detailed reading it gives of the streets of Macao. It examines Macao's heritage, and asks as much about the cultural memories stored up in the city as it does about its new and exciting architecture.Less
Jeremy TamblingLouis Lo
This is a guide-book that brings forth the art and architecture of Macao and the baroque treasures that make the territory of Macao so attractive. The book aims to help with an understanding of the complex history and layout of the city as a Portuguese ex-colony founded in the sixteenth century, as a postcolonial city, and as a modern Chinese city. As the chapters consider the special nature of Macao's baroque, they discuss whether its Chinese architecture—its temples, gardens and houses—is also baroque; and what is the importance of the new casino architecture, much of which imitates "the baroque" in its postmodern character. They weave discussion of Camões' epic poem, The Lusiads, about Portuguese imperialism, and Chinnery's paintings into the exploration of Macao's present buildings. To create this new way of looking at Macao, the chapters draw on critical, cultural, and "postmodern" theory inspired by the baroque, discussing in particular what the ideas of Walter Benjamin, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and Gilles Deleuze can bring to our understanding of Macao and the baroque. The book gives light to contemporary literary and cultural theory, and theory about cities, and helps with the understanding of this through the detailed reading it gives of the streets of Macao. It examines Macao's heritage, and asks as much about the cultural memories stored up in the city as it does about its new and exciting architecture.
Keywords: art, architecture, Macao, baroque, Portuguese ex-colony, postcolonial city, Chinese city, postmodern
Eastern Figures: Orient and Empire in British Writing
Douglas Kerr
This is a literary history that examines British writing about the East—centred on India but radiating as far as Egypt and the Pacific—in the colonial and postcolonial period. It takes as its subject ... More
This is a literary history that examines British writing about the East—centred on India but radiating as far as Egypt and the Pacific—in the colonial and postcolonial period. It takes as its subject "the East" that was real to the British imagination, largely the creation of writers who described and told stories about it, descriptions and stories coloured by the experience of empire and its aftermath. The book discusses the work of writers such as Stevenson, Kipling, Conrad, and Orwell, but also covers less-well-known literary authors, including Anglo-Indian romance writing, the reports and memoirs of administrators, and travel writing from Auden and Isherwood in China to Redmond O'Hanlon in Borneo. It produces a history of this writing by looking at a series of "figures" or tropes of representation through which successive writers sought to represent the East and the British experience of it—tropes such as exploring the hinterland, going native, and the figure of rule itself. The book raises issues of identity and representation; power and knowledge; and, centrally, the question of how to represent other people.Less
Eastern Figures : Orient and Empire in British Writing
This is a literary history that examines British writing about the East—centred on India but radiating as far as Egypt and the Pacific—in the colonial and postcolonial period. It takes as its subject "the East" that was real to the British imagination, largely the creation of writers who described and told stories about it, descriptions and stories coloured by the experience of empire and its aftermath. The book discusses the work of writers such as Stevenson, Kipling, Conrad, and Orwell, but also covers less-well-known literary authors, including Anglo-Indian romance writing, the reports and memoirs of administrators, and travel writing from Auden and Isherwood in China to Redmond O'Hanlon in Borneo. It produces a history of this writing by looking at a series of "figures" or tropes of representation through which successive writers sought to represent the East and the British experience of it—tropes such as exploring the hinterland, going native, and the figure of rule itself. The book raises issues of identity and representation; power and knowledge; and, centrally, the question of how to represent other people.
Keywords: British writing, East, colonial period, postcolonial period, empire, figures, tropes
Afro-Greeks: Dialogues between Anglophone Caribbean Literature and Classics in the Twentieth Century
Afro‐Greeks explores dialogues between anglophone Caribbean literature and the complex legacies of ancient Greece and Rome, from the 1920s to the beginning of the twenty‐first century. ... More
Afro‐Greeks explores dialogues between anglophone Caribbean literature and the complex legacies of ancient Greece and Rome, from the 1920s to the beginning of the twenty‐first century. Classics still bears the negative associations of the colonial educational curriculum that was thrust upon the British West Indies with the Victorian triad of the three Cs (Cricket, Classics, and Christianity). In a study that embraces Kamau Brathwaite, Austin Clarke, John Figueroa, C. L. R. James, V. S. Naipaul, Derek Walcott, and Eric Williams, the author traces a distinctive regional tradition of engaging with Classics in the English‐speaking Caribbean. She argues that, following on from C. L. R. James's revisionist approach to the history of ancient Greece, there has been a practice of reading the Classics for oneself in anglophone Caribbean literature, a practice that has contributed to the larger project of the articulation of the Caribbean self. The writers examined offered a strenuous critique of an exclusive, Western conception of Graeco‐Roman antiquity, often conducting this critique through literary subterfuge, playing on the colonial prejudice that Classics did not belong to them. Afro‐Greeks examines both the terms of this critique, and the way in which these writers have made Classics theirs.Less
Afro-Greeks : Dialogues between Anglophone Caribbean Literature and Classics in the Twentieth Century
Afro‐Greeks explores dialogues between anglophone Caribbean literature and the complex legacies of ancient Greece and Rome, from the 1920s to the beginning of the twenty‐first century. Classics still bears the negative associations of the colonial educational curriculum that was thrust upon the British West Indies with the Victorian triad of the three Cs (Cricket, Classics, and Christianity). In a study that embraces Kamau Brathwaite, Austin Clarke, John Figueroa, C. L. R. James, V. S. Naipaul, Derek Walcott, and Eric Williams, the author traces a distinctive regional tradition of engaging with Classics in the English‐speaking Caribbean. She argues that, following on from C. L. R. James's revisionist approach to the history of ancient Greece, there has been a practice of reading the Classics for oneself in anglophone Caribbean literature, a practice that has contributed to the larger project of the articulation of the Caribbean self. The writers examined offered a strenuous critique of an exclusive, Western conception of Graeco‐Roman antiquity, often conducting this critique through literary subterfuge, playing on the colonial prejudice that Classics did not belong to them. Afro‐Greeks examines both the terms of this critique, and the way in which these writers have made Classics theirs.
Keywords: Afro‐Greeks, Caribbean classics, colonial classics, postcolonial classics, Kamau Brathwaite, Austin Clarke, John Figueroa, C. L. R. James, V. S. Naipaul, Derek Walcott, Eric Williams
Prehistoric and Protohistoric Cyprus: Identity, Insularity, and Connectivity
A. Bernard Knapp
Classical Studies, Archaeology: Classical
This book provides a new island archaeology and island history of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Cyprus, set in its eastern Mediterranean context. By drawing out tensions between different ways of ... More
This book provides a new island archaeology and island history of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Cyprus, set in its eastern Mediterranean context. By drawing out tensions between different ways of thinking about theoretical issues such as insularity and connectivity, ethnicity, migration, and hybridization, it addresses a dynamic new field of archaeological enquiry — the social identity of prehistoric and early historic Mediterranean islanders. The archaeological record of Cyprus during the centuries between about 2700–1000 BC — including architecture, the mortuary record, pottery, figurines, seals and sealings, ivories, metalwork, and the broader Cypriot landscape — is presented. Using this material evidence, the book re‐evaluates from the postcolonial perspective of hybridization long‐standing notions about ethnicity, migration, and colonization on the island at the beginning and end of the Bronze Age, and concludes that the Cypriotes themselves provided the main impetus for social development and change on the island. By addressing directly the theoretical underpinnings of various interpretations of the material record, and by comparing and contrasting that record with all relevant documentary evidence, this book considers how a more contextualized, nuanced treatment of the motivations and practices involved in demographic movement, individual or group identification, cultural entanglement, and social change can help us to re‐present several complex aspects of the Cypriot past, and in turn bring them to bear upon Mediterranean archaeologies.Less
Prehistoric and Protohistoric Cyprus : Identity, Insularity, and Connectivity
This book provides a new island archaeology and island history of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Cyprus, set in its eastern Mediterranean context. By drawing out tensions between different ways of thinking about theoretical issues such as insularity and connectivity, ethnicity, migration, and hybridization, it addresses a dynamic new field of archaeological enquiry — the social identity of prehistoric and early historic Mediterranean islanders. The archaeological record of Cyprus during the centuries between about 2700–1000 BC — including architecture, the mortuary record, pottery, figurines, seals and sealings, ivories, metalwork, and the broader Cypriot landscape — is presented. Using this material evidence, the book re‐evaluates from the postcolonial perspective of hybridization long‐standing notions about ethnicity, migration, and colonization on the island at the beginning and end of the Bronze Age, and concludes that the Cypriotes themselves provided the main impetus for social development and change on the island. By addressing directly the theoretical underpinnings of various interpretations of the material record, and by comparing and contrasting that record with all relevant documentary evidence, this book considers how a more contextualized, nuanced treatment of the motivations and practices involved in demographic movement, individual or group identification, cultural entanglement, and social change can help us to re‐present several complex aspects of the Cypriot past, and in turn bring them to bear upon Mediterranean archaeologies.
Keywords: Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, insularity, connectivity, social identity, ethnicity, migration, colonization, postcolonial, hybridization
Colony, Nation, and Globalisation: Not at Home in Singaporean and Malaysian Literature
Eddie Tay
Literature, World Literature
The literature of Malaysia and Singapore, the multicultural epicentre of Asia, offers a rich body of source material for appreciating the intellectual heritage of colonial and postcolonial Southeast ... More
The literature of Malaysia and Singapore, the multicultural epicentre of Asia, offers a rich body of source material for appreciating the intellectual heritage of colonial and postcolonial Southeast Asia. Focusing on themes of home and belonging, this book illuminates many aspects of identity anxiety experienced in the region, and helps construct a dialogue between postcolonial theory and the Anglophone literatures of Singapore and Malaysia. A chronologically ordered selection of texts is examined including Swettenham, Bird, Maugham, Burgess, and Thumboo. This genealogy of works includes colonial travel writings and sketches as well as contemporary diasporic novels by Malaysian and Singapore-born authors based outside their countries of origin. The premise is that home is a physical space as well as a symbolic terrain invested with social, political, and cultural meanings.Less
Colony, Nation, and Globalisation : Not at Home in Singaporean and Malaysian Literature
The literature of Malaysia and Singapore, the multicultural epicentre of Asia, offers a rich body of source material for appreciating the intellectual heritage of colonial and postcolonial Southeast Asia. Focusing on themes of home and belonging, this book illuminates many aspects of identity anxiety experienced in the region, and helps construct a dialogue between postcolonial theory and the Anglophone literatures of Singapore and Malaysia. A chronologically ordered selection of texts is examined including Swettenham, Bird, Maugham, Burgess, and Thumboo. This genealogy of works includes colonial travel writings and sketches as well as contemporary diasporic novels by Malaysian and Singapore-born authors based outside their countries of origin. The premise is that home is a physical space as well as a symbolic terrain invested with social, political, and cultural meanings.
Keywords: literature, Malaysia, Singapore, multicultural epicentre of Asia, intellectual heritage, colonial, postcolonial, Southeast Asia, home
Translating Egypt's Revolution: The Language of Tahrir (A Tahrir Studies Edition)
Samia Mehrez (ed.)
American University in Cairo Press
10.5743/cairo/9789774165337.001.0001
Society and Culture, Middle Eastern Studies
This unique interdisciplinary collective project is the culmination of research and translation work conducted by AUC students of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds who continue to witness ... More
This unique interdisciplinary collective project is the culmination of research and translation work conducted by AUC students of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds who continue to witness Egypt's ongoing revolution. This historic event has produced an unprecedented proliferation of political and cultural documents and materials, whether written, oral, or visual. Given their range, different linguistic registers, and referential worlds, these documents present a great challenge to any translator. The contributors to this volume have selectively translated chants, banners, jokes, poems, and interviews, as well as presidential speeches and military communiqués. Their practical translation work is informed by the cultural turn in translation studies and the nuanced role of the translator as negotiator between texts and cultures. The chapters focus on the relationship between translation and semiotics, issues of fidelity and equivalence, creative transformation and rewriting, and the issue of target readership. This mature collective project is in many ways a reenactment of the new infectious revolutionary spirit in Egypt today.Less
Translating Egypt's Revolution : The Language of Tahrir (A Tahrir Studies Edition)
This unique interdisciplinary collective project is the culmination of research and translation work conducted by AUC students of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds who continue to witness Egypt's ongoing revolution. This historic event has produced an unprecedented proliferation of political and cultural documents and materials, whether written, oral, or visual. Given their range, different linguistic registers, and referential worlds, these documents present a great challenge to any translator. The contributors to this volume have selectively translated chants, banners, jokes, poems, and interviews, as well as presidential speeches and military communiqués. Their practical translation work is informed by the cultural turn in translation studies and the nuanced role of the translator as negotiator between texts and cultures. The chapters focus on the relationship between translation and semiotics, issues of fidelity and equivalence, creative transformation and rewriting, and the issue of target readership. This mature collective project is in many ways a reenactment of the new infectious revolutionary spirit in Egypt today.
Keywords: Performative arts, postcolonial translation studies, Egypt's revolution, Representations of revolt, Tahrir, Linguistic and cultural expression, Public space, Slogans, January 25 Uprising, Poetry and revolution
The Domestic Abroad: Diasporas in International Relations
Latha Varadarajan
As even a cursory look at global politics today reveals, a large number of countries, including China, Mexico, Russia, India, Hungary, the Philippines, and Haiti, are actively involved in ... More
As even a cursory look at global politics today reveals, a large number of countries, including China, Mexico, Russia, India, Hungary, the Philippines, and Haiti, are actively involved in institutionalizing their relationships among groups constituted as their diasporas. Introducing the concept of the "domestic abroad," this book argues that despite the existence of informal, and in some cases formal, links between diasporas and their homelands in the past, we are now witnessing a far more widespread and qualitatively different phenomenon. The production of the domestic abroad rests, first, on the constitution of diasporas as subjects of an expanded, territorially diffused nation and the proliferation of institutional links connecting this "global" nation. But the domestic abroad is also a product of the economic transformation of the state, a transformation broadly categorized as neoliberal restructuring. This book argues that these two processes—political and economic, affecting nation and state—far from being distinct, are in fact intimately related and that it is only by unraveling their mutually constitutive relationship that we can make sense of the domestic abroad phenomenon. Empirically, this argument unfolds through a historically nuanced study of the production of the Indian domestic abroad. The latter half of the book focuses on the structuring and restructuring of postcolonial India to reveal the manner in which the boundaries of the Indian nation and the extent of the authority of the Indian state are dynamically shaped by the development of capitalist social relations on both global and national scales.Less
The Domestic Abroad : Diasporas in International Relations
As even a cursory look at global politics today reveals, a large number of countries, including China, Mexico, Russia, India, Hungary, the Philippines, and Haiti, are actively involved in institutionalizing their relationships among groups constituted as their diasporas. Introducing the concept of the "domestic abroad," this book argues that despite the existence of informal, and in some cases formal, links between diasporas and their homelands in the past, we are now witnessing a far more widespread and qualitatively different phenomenon. The production of the domestic abroad rests, first, on the constitution of diasporas as subjects of an expanded, territorially diffused nation and the proliferation of institutional links connecting this "global" nation. But the domestic abroad is also a product of the economic transformation of the state, a transformation broadly categorized as neoliberal restructuring. This book argues that these two processes—political and economic, affecting nation and state—far from being distinct, are in fact intimately related and that it is only by unraveling their mutually constitutive relationship that we can make sense of the domestic abroad phenomenon. Empirically, this argument unfolds through a historically nuanced study of the production of the Indian domestic abroad. The latter half of the book focuses on the structuring and restructuring of postcolonial India to reveal the manner in which the boundaries of the Indian nation and the extent of the authority of the Indian state are dynamically shaped by the development of capitalist social relations on both global and national scales.
Keywords: domestic abroad, diaspora, neoliberal restructuring, hegemony, nationalism, colonialism, postcolonial, FICCI, India, Indian bourgeoisie, India Inc
Postcolonial Agency: Critique and Constructivism
Simone Bignall
Philosophy, Political Philosophy
This book opens up a new direction for postcolonial studies by creating concepts of agency, resistance and transformation that allow positive roles for desire and difference in the development of ... More
This book opens up a new direction for postcolonial studies by creating concepts of agency, resistance and transformation that allow positive roles for desire and difference in the development of social forms. It argues that non-imperial concepts of selfhood, relationship and material transformation are embedded within the minor tradition of Western philosophy described by the work of Nietzsche, Bergson, Spinoza and Deleuze. The book is comprised of two sections. The first deals mainly with the task of critique and targets the reading of dialectical desire and negativity given by Kojève in his seminar on Hegel in the 1930s and assimilated by thinkers including Lacan, Sartre and Fanon in the mid-twentieth century. This view of self and process generated a hugely influential concept of agency, which has shaped the concepts and models of transformation widely assumed by postcolonial theory. Part 1 criticises the implicit imperialism of the style of agency and attitude towards difference implied by the dominant Western understanding of desire, subjectivity and history-making, and to suggest that, in the postcolonial world, there is a need for alternative conceptualisations of constructive practice. Part 2 shifts focus from the task of critique to the labour of construction. It provides a concept of postcolonial agency, which in turn enables the conceptualisation of postcolonial practices of sociability. Because it is grounded in a positive conceptualisation of desire informed by the Spinozan notion of joyful mutuality, Deleuze's philosophy supports non-imperial concepts of agency and relationship, informing new thinking about postcolonial transformation.Less
Postcolonial Agency : Critique and Constructivism
This book opens up a new direction for postcolonial studies by creating concepts of agency, resistance and transformation that allow positive roles for desire and difference in the development of social forms. It argues that non-imperial concepts of selfhood, relationship and material transformation are embedded within the minor tradition of Western philosophy described by the work of Nietzsche, Bergson, Spinoza and Deleuze. The book is comprised of two sections. The first deals mainly with the task of critique and targets the reading of dialectical desire and negativity given by Kojève in his seminar on Hegel in the 1930s and assimilated by thinkers including Lacan, Sartre and Fanon in the mid-twentieth century. This view of self and process generated a hugely influential concept of agency, which has shaped the concepts and models of transformation widely assumed by postcolonial theory. Part 1 criticises the implicit imperialism of the style of agency and attitude towards difference implied by the dominant Western understanding of desire, subjectivity and history-making, and to suggest that, in the postcolonial world, there is a need for alternative conceptualisations of constructive practice. Part 2 shifts focus from the task of critique to the labour of construction. It provides a concept of postcolonial agency, which in turn enables the conceptualisation of postcolonial practices of sociability. Because it is grounded in a positive conceptualisation of desire informed by the Spinozan notion of joyful mutuality, Deleuze's philosophy supports non-imperial concepts of agency and relationship, informing new thinking about postcolonial transformation.
Keywords: Deleuze, postcolonial theory, postcolonial transformations, Australian colonisation, resistance, reconciliation processes, causal negativity, subjective agency, power, desire
Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Heather Sharkey
10.1525/california/9780520235588.001.0001
Histories written in the aftermath of empire have often featured conquerors and peasant rebels but have said little about the vast staffs of locally recruited clerks, technicians, teachers, and ... More
Histories written in the aftermath of empire have often featured conquerors and peasant rebels but have said little about the vast staffs of locally recruited clerks, technicians, teachers, and medics who made colonialism work day to day. Even as these workers maintained the colonial state, they dreamed of displacing imperial power. This book examines the history of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1898–1956) and the Republic of Sudan that followed in order to understand how colonialism worked on the ground, affected local cultures, influenced the rise of nationalism, and shaped the postcolonial nation-state. Relying on a rich cache of Sudanese Arabic literary sources—including poetry, essays, and memoirs, as well as colonial documents and photographs—it examines colonialism from the viewpoint of those who lived and worked in its midst. By integrating the case of Sudan with material on other countries, particularly India, the book has broad comparative appeal. The author shows that colonial legacies—such as inflexible borders, atomized multi-ethnic populations, and autocratic governing structures—have persisted, hobbling postcolonial nation-states. Thus countries like Sudan are still living with colonialism, struggling to achieve consensus and stability within borders that a fallen empire has left behind.Less
Living with Colonialism : Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Histories written in the aftermath of empire have often featured conquerors and peasant rebels but have said little about the vast staffs of locally recruited clerks, technicians, teachers, and medics who made colonialism work day to day. Even as these workers maintained the colonial state, they dreamed of displacing imperial power. This book examines the history of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (1898–1956) and the Republic of Sudan that followed in order to understand how colonialism worked on the ground, affected local cultures, influenced the rise of nationalism, and shaped the postcolonial nation-state. Relying on a rich cache of Sudanese Arabic literary sources—including poetry, essays, and memoirs, as well as colonial documents and photographs—it examines colonialism from the viewpoint of those who lived and worked in its midst. By integrating the case of Sudan with material on other countries, particularly India, the book has broad comparative appeal. The author shows that colonial legacies—such as inflexible borders, atomized multi-ethnic populations, and autocratic governing structures—have persisted, hobbling postcolonial nation-states. Thus countries like Sudan are still living with colonialism, struggling to achieve consensus and stability within borders that a fallen empire has left behind.
Keywords: Republic of Sudan, local cultures, nationalism, postcolonial nation-state, Sudanese Arabic poetry, Sudanese Arabic essays, Sudanese Arabic memoirs, colonial documents, colonial photographs, India


Art Santa Fe, a four-day juried contemporary art show, returns for it's 17th year this July 13–16 at the Santa Fe Community Convention Center! This year's show will feature extraordinary art from around the world, specially-curated programming, special events, entertainment and more.
With nearly two decades of experience in a city with a robust arts climate, Art Santa Fe provides a unique opportunity for exhibitors and attendees alike to honor the region's deeply rooted cultural traditions while launching into the future with cutting-edge artwork and inspiring events.
Located throughout the exposition floor, the featured programs at Art Santa Fe provide a dynamic experience for the audience to view and interact with site-specific works and demonstrations by leading local, national, and international artists. Art Santa Fe's special programs and exhibitions showcase the thriving art landscape of Santa Fe and are informed by a common curatorial theme, [FUSION]—symbolizing the merging of artistic mediums, of exhibitors and collectors, and of galleries and artists that come together to showcase their work.
To learn more, visit www.artsantafe.com.
Thursday, July 13, 2017 | 5 p.m. – 9 p.m.
Friday, July 14, 2017 | 11 a.m. – 8 p.m.
Saturday, July 15, 2017 | 11 a.m. – 8 p.m.
Sunday, July 16, 2017 | 11 a.m. – 5 p.m.


These days a lot of people want to use try and prevent flu naturally and they use natural treatments that are ancient and safe to use as well. The main question is which herbs you should use and in this article you will learn more about them.
1. Astragalus – It is one of the most commonly used and prized herbs in the Chinese medicine and it can easily be found in every health food store.
An amazing herb that is amazing for boosting the immunity and it can help if you have cold of flu. You should take 250 – 500 ml of t every morning, 3 times weekly while the flu season lasts and it will make a very big difference.
2. Garlic – Even though is cheap and it is very easy to find it is still very efficient.
As one of the most potent natural antibiotics, people add it in different soups and stews and for eliminating flu and cold it is important to use 10 – 50 garlic cloves. It was shown in studies that garlic can reduce the symptoms of the flu.
3. Ginseng – This herb has a lot of different benefits and it can treat and stop influenza and this was also proven by one recent study, which was published by Sang-Moo Kang from the Georgia State University in April 2014.
International Medical Research it was proven that extract from elderberry is very cost-effective, safe and efficient treatment for influenza. All patients took 15 ml of elderberry syrup, 4 times daily and the other patients took only placebo dose.
5. Echinacea – A lot of any people think that drugs are "mainstream", but this herb is a natural supplement as well.
Echinacea tea for a period of 5 days got better a lot sooner than people who did not drink it.
Even though the science is not very strong for Echinacea and flu like is the case with other supplements, there is pa lot of anecdotal evidence which is very efficient and it is very popular and strongly used.
But, one thing is sure: it is great and amazing booster for immunity and it is important to use them if you get sick constantly.
If you decide to beat off the flu, you have to be constant and go for organic supplements and it is important to consult with a naturopathic doctor before you make great changes. You should also take vitamin D and a lot of minerals including zinc, vitamin C from foods including kiwi, oranges and peppers.
– Onion – it is amazing for coughs and by using raw onion you can keep your respiratory tract open.
– Ginger – has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It is also great for vomiting and nausea.
– Sage – antiseptic, carminative and astringent. It is also called the throat and mouth plant. It can be used for cough and sore throat and sinus congestion as well.
– Thyme – antibacterial, antimicrobial, astringent, antiviral and expectorant. It is amazing for cough and respiratory infections, but just as good for the stomach as it can relieve gas.
– Cayenne powder – anti-microbial, stimulant, analgesic, diaphoretic, carminative and expectorant. It can help you to prevent flu or cold.
– Honey – raw honey has antimicrobial, antibacterial and antiseptic properties and it can relieve the cough.
– Lemon – contains a lot of vitamin C and it can speed up the healing process.
Getting flu can become severe if not treated, but if you use proper remedies this will not be a serious problem.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This site is for all of those fisherman that go out every day and spend more time bass fishing than catching. You know who you are! You love fishing, and you really would like to catch something, but it doesn't seem to always work out that way. But you still go, you still try and you still love it anyway no matter how many times you come back with an "empty" boat. The site focuses on the middle / upper basin of the St. John's River. Specifically the areas of the river between Blue Springs and Lake George. We'll do the best we can to give information on Florida bass fishing on the Great St. Johns River , Weather Conditions, St. Johns River Water Levels, St. Johns River Fishing Forecast, Silver Glen Springs, and we will offer a particular focus on Large Mouth Bass Fishing. However we will also attempt to give fishing information on other species as well including Crappie, Striped Bass, Catfish, Gar, and whatever else we might (or might not) be able to catch.
Make sure to also check out our information on; Florida fishing regulations, our Florida fishing report, bass fishing lures, bass fishing reports, and especially our bass fishing tips.
Good Luck! Keep your lines tight!