If you need replacement computer accessories or want to improve your current set up with new connections and additions, our online store at MyMemory has a huge selection of the latest products and leading brands to choose from.
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Whatever your requirements, you'll find every type of laptop and computer accessory you'll need here at MyMemory, helping you to keeping your PC running smoothly and customise styles according to your needs.
Take a look through our full range of accessories here, or narrow your requirements via the sub categories above. You can also use the filters on the right to search for specific brands and features.


text:
export interface VolOpportunity {
    jobID: string,
    jobTitle: string,
    jobDescription: string
}

export interface Organization {
    creatorEmail: string,
    href: string,
    imageThumbnailURL: string,
    title: string,
    mission: string,
    homepage: string,
    volOpportunities: Array<VolOpportunity>
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Long-sleeved one-piece bikini perfect for surfing and enjoying your favorite water sports, protecting your skin from the sun while you're at it. Ideal for long sessions on those days of perfect waves at your favorite point, or when you need to shield your skin a little more from the sun.
Classic Dkoko cut in the back accentuates your figure for beauty, comfort and style. Support below the bust and removable sport cups.
Handmade responsibly with love in our own factory in Nicaragua.


Sophisticated and chic, this Chanel dress is a closet must-have. Featuring a stretchy rayon and cotton mesh blend with cap sleeves and a gorgeous and unique black and white asymmetrical hem. The style is elegant and classic that can be worn year-round. Pair this with a pair of black pumps and you've got an ideal outfit.
The dress is clean and beautiful throughout but has a few snags to the delicately woven mesh fabric. Overall it remains in great condition.


We are a registered company, located in Ontario, Canada.
Tailor our online or in-store offerings to your preferences. We may also collect and summarize customer information in a format that no longer identifies the individual for statistical purposes.
Personal information typically includes your name, address, phone number, and e-mail address. You can always choose not to provide us with any of your personal information. However, if you make this choice we may not be able to provide you with the product, service, or information that you requested. For example, we can only call you back if you accept to give us your phone number.
In other cases, we will ask you to give your express consent to use your personal information to advise you of products or services that may be of interest. You always have the opportunity to "opt out" of having your information used for this purpose. For example, when you subscribe to our newsletter, we will also ask for your express consent to send you promotional information.
Listed here are some examples of the ways that we collect information about you and how we use it. In-Store purchases. When you purchase a product or service, you may need to provide us with contact and payment information (such as credit card information) so that we can process your request. Examples where we need contact information include delivery services, product servicing, in-home installations, warranty coverage, and rebate requests. If we collect this information, we will also ask for your consent to use this information to send you promotional information on products and services.
While using our web site, you may be asked to voluntarily provide certain personal information (such as your name, email address, postal address, telephone number, or credit card information). We use this information to complete your transaction and to apply for access to certain special features and functions of the web site. If you choose not to provide requested personal information, you will not be able to use certain features of the web sites and you will not be able to engage in transactions through the web site.
All references to our web site in this policy means http://www.dosplus.com/ and affiliate sites.
We also offer a variety of newsletters. You can choose to subscribe by visiting our web site or when shopping in our store. To enrol, we will collect your contact information (such as name and e-mail address). This information will only be used to send you the newsletter.
Many of the products you purchase through us are offered with rebates. To claim your rebate, you will usually be asked to provide your name, address, e-mail address and proof of purchase. You may also be asked by either us or the vendor to provide your consent to be added to promotional mailings and newsletters. Your consent is not a condition of receiving the rebate.
Certain pages of our web site facilitate real-time interactive discussions between users and our staff or agents acting on our behalf regarding products available for purchase through the web site. These discussions are initiated by us based upon non-personal information automatically collected about web site users. You are not obliged to engage in interactive discussions or provide any personal information during these discussions.
The web site uses "cookies", a technology that installs a small amount of information on a web site user's computer to permit the web site to recognize future visits using that computer. Cookies enhance the convenience and use of the web Site. For example, the information provided through cookies is used to recognize you as a previous user of the web site (so you do not have to enter your information every time), to offer personalized web page content and information for your use, to track your activity at the web site, to respond to your needs, and to otherwise facilitate your web site experience. You may choose to decline cookies if your browser permits, but doing so may affect your use of the web site and your ability to access certain features of the web site or engage in transactions through the web site.
We DO NOT sell your personal information. However we may share your information with third parties acting on our behalf or as permitted or required by law.
We may share your personal information with certain service providers in order to provide products and services to you, to verify and validate information, and to address customer service matters. Examples of service providers include credit card issuers, product service depots, warranty providers, and delivery services. To reduce the risk of fraud or misuse of personal information, we may also verify your personal information, including but not limited to your address and credit card information, with third party service providers. We will use reasonable efforts to ensure that your personal information is used in a manner that is consistent with this policy. If you do not wish us to provide your personal information to those service providers, we may be unable to process your transaction.
The security of your personal information is a high priority for us. We maintain appropriate safeguards and current security standards to protect your personal information, whether recorded on paper or captured electronically, against unauthorized access, disclosure, or misuse.
You can check your information to verify, update, or correct it, and to have any obsolete information removed. If you created an account on our web sites, you can access and change your online personal information.
You can also ask to review any of the information that we have retained, how we have used it, and to whom we have disclosed it at any time by contacting us at the below information, subject to certain exceptions prescribed by law, and provided we can authenticate your identity, you will be given reasonable access to your personal information, and will be entitled to challenge the accuracy and completeness of the information and to have it amended as appropriate.


Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) is a condition that causes dangerous amounts of ammonia to build up in the body. ASA is considered an amino acid condition because people with ASA are unable to process a waste product, ammonia, that is produced when the body breaks down amino acids. You may also hear ASA described as a urea cycle condition. This name is used to describe conditions in which the body's system for removing ammonia from the blood is not working correctly. Early detection and treatment can prevent many of the serious outcomes of ASA.
Argininosuccinic aciduria affects one out of every 70,000 babies born in the United States.
Your baby's doctor may ask you if your baby is showing any of the signs of ASA (see Early Signs below). If your baby has certain signs, your baby's doctor may suggest starting immediate treatment.
If your baby's newborn screening result for argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) was out of the normal range, your baby's doctor or the state screening program will contact you to arrange for your child to have additional testing. It is important to remember that an out-of-range screening result does not necessarily mean that your child has the condition. An out-of-range result may occur because the initial blood sample was too small or the test was performed too early. However, as a few babies do have the condition, it is very important that you go to your follow-up appointment for a confirmatory test. Because the harmful effects of untreated ASA can occur soon after birth, follow-up testing must be completed as soon as possible to determine whether or not your baby has the condition.
Follow-up testing will involve checking your baby's urine and blood samples for harmful amounts of acids and toxins. Certain acids and toxins build up in the body when a child has an amino acid condition, so measuring the amounts of these substances in your baby's body can help doctors determine if your baby has a condition. High levels of orotic acid in the urine and high levels of ammonia and arginine, an amino acid, in the blood may indicate that your baby has ASA. Sometimes follow-up testing may include testing a very small sample of skin.
There are two main forms of arginosuccinic aciduria (ASA), which differ in the age of onset. The first and most common form is seen in newborns. The first signs of ASA usually begin in the first few days after birth.
The second form is less common and is seen in children. Sometimes signs of ASA might not become apparent until late infancy or early childhood. In these cases, the signs are usually less severe.
Your baby may need to follow a low-protein diet to avoid certain foods that he or she cannot break down. A dietician or nutritionist can help you plan the appropriate diet for your child's healthy growth.
Your baby's doctor might also recommend special formulas and foods for children with arginosuccinic aciduria (ASA). These formulas will likely need to continue through adulthood.
Many babies with ASA take arginine supplements. Arginine is a natural substance, and it can help lower the high ammonia levels that result from ASA. Everyone has some ammonia in his or her blood, but high levels can be toxic. Your baby's doctor can write you a prescription for these supplements.
When arginosuccinic aciduria (ASA) is treated early, children can have healthy growth and development. This is why screening for ASA is so important. Newborn screening can allow for treatment before ammonia levels become dangerously high in your baby's bloodstream.
Some children still have high ammonia levels in their blood even with treatment. These children may need to seek treatment in a hospital to remove the ammonia from their blood.
It is very important to treat ASA. Babies who do not receive treatment are at risk for intellectual disabilities, developmental delays, liver damage, brain damage, coma, or death.
When we eat food, enzymes help break it down. Some enzymes break down proteins into their building blocks, called amino acids. Other enzymes break down these amino acids further into their base molecules. When we break down proteins, our bodies need even more enzymes to get rid of waste products. In arginosuccinic aciduria, the enzyme arginosuccinic acid lyase (ASAL) is not working correctly.
ASAL's job is to help get rid of ammonia by breaking it down into urine. Ammonia is a waste product of protein breakdown.
Babies with argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) either do not make enough or make non-working ASAL. When ASAL does not work correctly, the body cannot remove ammonia through the urine. This causes a dangerous build-up of ammonia in the body.
ASA is an autosomal recessive genetic condition. This means that a child must inherit two copies of the non-working gene for ASA, one from each parent, in order to have the condition. The parents of a child with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the non-working gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. While having a child with ASA is rare, when both parents are carriers, they can have more than one child with the condition. Learn more about autosomal recessive inheritance.
Support groups can help connect families who have a child or other family member affected with argininosuccinic aciduria with a supportive community of people who have experience and expertise in living with the condition. These organizations offer resources for families, affected individuals, health care providers, and advocates.
Work with your baby's health care provider to determine the next steps for your child's care. Your baby's doctor may help you coordinate care with a doctor who specializes in metabolism, a dietician who can help plan your child's specialized diet, and other medical resources in your community. Depending on the signs and symptoms your baby experiences, your baby's doctor may work with other doctors who specialize in treating the liver or brain. Some children with argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) have developmental delays. If you think that your baby is not meeting his or her developmental milestones, ask your baby's doctor about the next steps in accessing a developmental evaluation and care.
Because ASA is a genetic condition, you may want to talk with a genetics specialist. A genetic counselor or geneticist can help you understand the causes of the condition, discuss genetic testing for ASA, and understand what this diagnosis means for other family members and future pregnancies. Speak with your baby's doctor about getting a referral. The Clinic Services Search Engineoffered by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Find a Genetic Counselor tool on the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) website are two good resources for you or your baby's health care provider to use to identify local specialists.
Jonathan is a young boy with argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA). Jonathan did not have the benefit of having his condition diagnosed soon after birth and as a result of newborn screening, but rather his ASA was diagnosed at age 3. Read about Jonathan's path to diagnosis and his improved health with treatment on the Save Babies Through Screening Foundation website.


Established 3 March 1944. Awarded to marines, soldiers, sergeants, petty officers and warrant officers of the Soviet Navy and marine divisions of Frontier troops. The Medal of Ushakov was awarded for personal valor and courage shown in sea warfare theatres, defense of USSR land and water borders and for execution of military missions involving warships. The medal was named in honor of the famous Russian Naval commander, Admiral F. F. Ushakov. This medal could be received more than once. Approximately 16,000 were issued.
Established 3 March 1944. Awarded to marines, soldiers, sergeants, petty officers and warrant officers of the Soviet Navy and marine divisions of Frontier troops for valor and gallantry displayed in sea battles. Could also be awarded to non-navy personnel who with efficient and resourceful actions at the risk of their lives, contributed to the successful outcome of combat missions involving USSR Naval warships and other units. The medal was named in honor of the famous Russian Naval commander, Admiral Pavel Nakhimov. This medal could be received more than once. Approximately 14,000 were issued.
Hand engraved number. This specimen lacks the original Gold Wash. See edge scan which shows hand-engraved number at 6 o'clock position.
Stamped number. See edge scan for correct letter height and medal thickness. Medals which are thicker than 3mm are fake.


text:
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
import { SharedModule } from '../../../shared/shared.module';
import { ConfirmFormComponent } from './confirm-form.component';

@NgModule({
  imports: [CommonModule, SharedModule],
  declarations: [ConfirmFormComponent],
  exports: [ConfirmFormComponent]
})
export class ConfirmFormModule { }


text:
Archive Current issue About the Journal Editorial Board Publisher Contact Instructions for Authors
Editorial Board Publisher Contact
About the Journal Editorial Board Publisher Contact
Keyword status attainment
Embeddedness of Social and Economic Relations in Systemic Transformation. Long-Term Evidence From the Post-Communist Transition in Poland, 1988–2003
Katarzyna Wilk
Polish Sociological Review 2009;165(1):81–106
Measurement of Subjective Well-being under Capability Approach in Poland
Struggling with Emotions in Times of Social Change: Control Restoring Operations in the Workplace and the Family
Gift and the Coefficient of Sociability Relational Sociology and the Anti-Utilitarian Movement in the Social Sciences
Polish Sociological Review – The English-language versions of publications were financed by funds allocated by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the dissemination of knowledge by the decision no. 881/P-DUN/2019 .
Polish Sociological Review – digitalization of publications and monographs in order to ensure and maintain an open access through the Internet is financed by the decision no. 881/P-DUN/2019 allocated by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the dissemination of knowledge.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you are looking for work in Lille, there are now job offers advertised on our website. A range of different job types are available: part time or full time, French/English bilingual or English speaking, permanent or contract.
Join our Facebook Fan page (4100+ fans) to see more photos of our events, receive our latest news and discounts !


text:
It's Had Its Issues, But The OysterFest Is Back Big-Time – June 16, 2010
By Terrence McNally
Arcata Eye
Todd Van Herpe is counting his blessings, all things considered. The Humboldt Bay Oyster Company owner has been struggling with production through one of the rainiest springs on record.
But, then again, he's not attempting to farm oysters in the New Orleans region where oil plumes are putting companies out of business and expected to damage beds for a half-century.
In the Arcata Bay, where 70 percent of the state's oyster harvesting is done, rain means runoff, which means halts to farming.
Through the springtime, bay farmers received several three-to-four day stoppages from county Public Health. Cow-pasture and stormwater runoff is bad news for filter feeders.
On several occasions, a four-day stop would be followed by… yet another storm.
Van Herpe weathered the season better than others as his company also supplies oyster seedlings to West Coast farms in addition to doing his own harvesting. Rain halts kept his crew from supplying full-grown oysters to San Francisco oyster bars, but work transitioned to HBOC's other activities.
Regardless, it wasn't until last weekend's forecasts called for dry skies that Van Herpe knew he could keep his commitment to 12 Plaza booths totalling 40,000 oysters for Saturday's 20th Annual Arcata Bay Oyster Festival.
HBOC joins Mad River Farms and Coast Seafoods as the main suppliers, augmented by smaller farmer Aqua Rodeo.
Arcata Mainstreet Executive Director Jennifer Koopman is breathing perhaps a bigger sigh of relief. The 2005 rain out of the scheduled Oyster Festival is still recalled as a nadir in the OF success story.
With downpours continual, then-director Michael Behney reluctantly pulled the plug on proceedings.
The party went on a week later, but the ensuing backlash from oyster companies who'd already pulled mollusks from their beds and financial hit to Mainstreet were permanently detrimental to Behney's tenure. He was given his pink slip by then-President Bryan Plumley on Christmas Eve of that year.
That's a fate Koopman will be avoiding. Attendance since 2004 has gone up substantially and the festival is now estimated to bring 18,000 people to the town square. In 2004, the financial bump from OF to Arcata's economy was estimated at $551,000.
Accounting for the 4,000-person attendance increase and attendant $39.36 spent by the average partier, it's quite likely the town will get a $708,480 jumpstart to its economy – spread among hotels, restaurants and retailers.
Not too shabby for a one-day event, far and away Arcata's biggest festival.
Aside from the weather, Koopman's biggest challenge has been maintaining previous sponsorship totals. "Because of the economy, some sponsors pulled out," she reports.
However, the early denials forced Mainstreet to hustle. In the end, the non-profit gained sponsorships and brought most rejecters back to their previous levels. "Every little bit helps."
Good timing for the business advocacy group that just lost $3,000 in City grants. Mainstreet can expect to garner some $41,000 in budget padding from Saturday, allowing it to continue funding year-round promotions.
Volunteer levels are up, but still being accepted for 1 to 5 p.m. slots. Information is available at (707) 822-4800 and info@arcatamainstreet.com
Tags: Main Street, Oysters, Plaza
This entry was posted on Friday, June 18th, 2010 at 4:08 pm	and is filed under Opinion, Community. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.


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If the World Bank were serious about bringing energy access to the poor, it would dedicate the majority of its lending to do so.
More than one billion people around the world still lack access to modern electricity.
At this week's spring meetings, discussions between environment and development civil society groups and the World Bank highlighted tensions between those who seek to tackle energy poverty using every energy option available, and those advocating for the Bank's financing to focus on clean, sustainable solutions for these developments.
In 2013, the World Bank released a report describing how the institution's energy sector activities have shifted — except in special circumstances — away from coal and toward renewable energy and "lower carbon" fuels.
But analysis of the World Bank's energy investment tells a different story. Oil Change International points out that the Bank spent $1 billion last year alone financing oil, coal, and gas exploration projects.
Vijay Iyer, Director of the World Bank's Sustainable Energy Department, argued on a panel at the spring meetings that energy lending must focus on reliable access to affordable modern energy at volumes that cover people's needs. According to Iyer, fossil fuel options — particularly expansion of greenhouse gas-emitting natural gas — must stay on the table in order to keep power affordable. He cited the relatively high up-front investment needs of renewable energy installation as a barrier to clean energy access for the poor.
But Oil Change International managing director Elizabeth Bast, also on the panel, underscored that despite the Bank's rhetoric on reaching the poor, only 8 percent of the Bank's energy portfolio is actually focused on energy access.
If the World Bank were serious about bringing energy access to the poor, it would dedicate the majority of its lending to do so. For the rural poor, that means providing small and medium-sized businesses the capital — and investors, the guarantees — to build mini- and off-grid renewable energy systems.


Welcome to CarsPlus Tire And Auto Service, your car service in Westmont, IL!
CarsPlus Tire And Auto Service has been providing auto repair services to Westmont and surrounding areas since 1990. We offer customers a wide range of quality tires and auto repair services at competitive prices. As a tire dealer, we proudly carry a large selection of all season, performance, summer, and winter tires.
Here at CarsPlus Tire And Auto Service we understand what makes customer service truly outstanding. You will feel the difference exceptional customer care makes when you work with us. We know auto repair in Westmont offers you lots of choices, and we aim to provide the kind of caring customer service that will bring you back.
Our Westmont car service offers you years of combined expertise from our well-trained technicians. We treat our auto repair professionals well, because we value their skill and can-do attitude. We know our team sets us apart, saving you time and money, not to mention worry. When it comes to auto repair in Westmont, we are totally confident that CarsPlus Tire And Auto Service is the best option in town!
What sets CarsPlus Tire And Auto Service from all of the others in Westmont, IL?
Trust: When it comes to auto repair in Westmont, it's all about earning loyalty and trust by doing our very best every day. We are determined to earn and keep your trust.
Talent: At CarsPlus Tire And Auto Service you can rest easy knowing that our highly-skilled, experienced auto service professionals are handling your car. Our technicians bring years of experience, skill, and education to the auto repair Westmont table.
Time: We take the time we need to provide you with top quality car service in Westmont, and we take the time to talk to you about what that means. We listen to you so we understand your needs and goals for your auto repair.
For years CarsPlus Tire And Auto Service has been there for the people of Westmont, IL. We love what we do, and that basic fact fuels our business. We are dedicated to our customers, and that's why they stick with us—the best auto repair Westmont has to offer.
Our family of technicians and service staff see their work here at CarsPlus Tire And Auto Service as more than a job. It's their vocation and livelihood. Each member of our team is invested in your satisfaction.
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Check out to find that we need to replace front exhaust pipe, the flex pipe is leaking.
Check out to find needs tires and alignment. Also need to replace struts fronts leaking and rears are bouncy.
PUT TIRES IN SAME PLACE AS THEY CAME OFF VEHICLE.
Jump start car or perform tire operation at a additional charge.


text:
Maryland's Easy Enrollment Health Insurance Program: An Innovative Approach to Covering the Eligible Uninsured
By Stan Dorn,
Stan Dorn, Maryland's Easy Enrollment Health Insurance Program: An Innovative Approach to Covering the Eligible Uninsured, Health Affairs Blog, 5/13/2019,https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/hblog20190510.993788/full/
Copyright ©2015 Health Affairs by Project HOPE – The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.
The threatened repeal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), major regulatory changes that affect ACA implementation, and a likely 2020 debate over Medicare for all have understandably captured the health policy community's attention. As a result, relatively little discussion has recently focused on a basic problem that loomed quite large in the past: enrolling the eligible uninsured into available coverage.
The problem has not gone away. According to Urban Institute research, nearly three-fourths (74 percent) of the country's 30 million uninsured under age 65 were eligible for health coverage programs in 2017 but not enrolled:
• 25.0 percent of the uninsured qualified for Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP);
• 25.1 percent qualified for premium tax credits (PTCs) that can help buy private coverage in health insurance marketplaces; and
• 24.4 percent could have purchased private coverage in their state's marketplace but were ineligible for PTCs because of income (15.5 percent) or available employer-sponsored insurance (8.9 percent).
The remainder were either undocumented immigrants (16.2 percent) or people who were ineligible for Medicaid because of their state's decision not to expand coverage as permitted by the ACA (9.4 percent).
Based on unpublished results from the Urban Institute study, 18.1 million out of 25.5 million uninsured adults under age 65, or 71 percent, qualified for health coverage programs. Such eligibility was even more widespread for children. Out of 4.6 million uninsured children under age 18, 2.8 million, or 61 percent, qualified for Medicaid or CHIP. Fully 94 percent of uninsured children were eligible for a health coverage program—either Medicaid, CHIP, PTC-funded insurance, or marketplace coverage purchased without federal financial assistance.
It is thus noteworthy that a major innovation to enroll the eligible uninsured is being enacted on a bipartisan basis in Maryland. Today, Governor Larry Hogan (R-MD) is expected to sign into law the Maryland Easy Enrollment Health Insurance Program(MEEHP). Championed by two veteran Democratic legislators (Senator Brian Feldman and Delegate Joseline Peña-Melnyk), the bill passed the State Senate on a unanimous, 46-0 vote and the House of Delegates by a broad bipartisan margin of 123-15.
What's in the new Maryland law?
MEEHP represents the country's first attempt to use income tax filing as an immediate on-ramp to health coverage. By simply checking a box on their state income tax return asking the exchange to determine their eligibility for free or low-cost insurance, an uninsured tax filer can have relevant information from their return sent automatically to Maryland's health insurance exchange. The exchange then uses that data and other available records to determine the individual's eligibility for Medicaid, CHIP, and PTCs. If electronically-accessible data sources do not establish eligibility, the exchange reaches out to the household proactively using whatever communications channel the tax filer requested on their return. If no such channel was requested, the exchange uses telephonic or electronic outreach and records the results, whenever possible.
People who qualify for Medicaid or CHIP are invited to choose a managed care organization by a specified date. If they neither choose a plan nor opt out of coverage, they are enrolled in a Medicaid plan by default. Special arrangements ensure that, if the tax filer or a member of their household cannot be confirmed as a U.S. citizen, the exchange obtains an additional layer of affirmative consent prior to moving forward. That way, families with immigrants can assess their own "public charge" risks before an application for benefits is formally submitted on their behalf.
Uninsured tax filers with incomes too high for Medicaid or CHIP have a brief special enrollment period (SEP) for enrolling into the individual market. The SEP is triggered by the filing of a return with the relevant box checked, so long as the return is filed before a date specified by the exchange (presumably April 15 or earlier). The exchange determines PTC eligibility as quickly as possible, encouraging uninsured consumers to obtain insurance and helping them select an appropriate plan. The exchange is authorized to compensate tax preparers or other entities based on the number of clients who successfully enroll into health coverage.
In terms of the tax form itself, a separate schedule gathers information about health coverage. A tax filer who identifies uninsured members of their household must indicate whether or not they want the exchange to use information from the return to determine the household members' eligibility for coverage. That form also asks for the age of each uninsured individual for whom coverage is requested as well as other details identified by the exchange as essential to determining eligibility, with one important limitation: no questions on the tax return can ask about citizenship or immigration status.
The language of the check-box is supposed to be as simple, clear, and easy to understand as possible. To help achieve that goal, the state's tax agency can provide explanatory details in the instruction booklet for the return, rather than the return itself. The state tax agency must provide draft return language to an advisory committee for review and comment, before the form is finalized.
When the legislative session began, the bill also imposed an "individual responsibility payment" on consumers who could afford insurance the previous year but had not enrolled. That element of the proposal, known as the "Down Payment Plan," let an uninsured tax filer avoid penalties by signing up for coverage immediately after filing their tax return—in effect, converting their tax penalty into a down payment on health insurance. Many observers expected this approach to yield significant enrollment gains, since tax filers could avoid a relatively large, near-term cost by committing to make much smaller, monthly payments over time.
Conversations among stakeholders revealed that information technology issues would prevent the state tax agency from implementing the Down Payment Plan before January 2022. As a result, lawmakers decided, before enacting tax-based enforcement of an individual requirement to obtain coverage, to see how many uninsured could be enrolled, using MEEHP's purely voluntary, tax-based approach. To lay the groundwork for future consideration of something like the Down Payment Plan, the legislation requires the state tax agency to develop the capacity to collect and track individual-responsibility payments; and it calls for a study of the potential impact of individual-responsibility requirements, implemented through the Down Payment Plan or other enrollment-focused strategies.
What do we know about MEEHP implementation?
The statute provides that the new, tax-based enrollment system takes effect in January 2020, when returns are filed for taxable year 2019. However, if the state tax agency finds that implementation on that schedule is not feasible, implementation can be delayed by one year, until January 2021.
Preliminary indications suggest that the tax agency may not request a delay. The likely path forward will involve an Application Programming Interface (API) between the tax agency's information technology (IT) system and the exchange's IT system. Serious implementation discussions are expected to begin within weeks of the May 13 bill signing.
What results do proponents anticipate?
Numerous eligible uninsured file tax returns. With MEEHP, Maryland's uninsured tax filers can learn about available financial assistance for which they qualify and seek health insurance, in many cases by simply checking a box on their state income tax return.
Before the ACA's main coverage provisions went into effect, Urban Institute researchanalyzed the prevalence of federal income tax filing among the uninsured who were slated to receive coverage under the ACA. The estimates for Maryland were typical of other states that had expanded Medicaid eligibility. Federal tax returns were estimated to include:
• 61 percent of Maryland's uninsured, Medicaid-eligible adults;
• 71 percent of the state's uninsured, Medicaid-eligible children; and
• 89 percent of uninsured Marylanders slated to qualify for PTCs.
The applicable percentages have surely changed since the period covered by this study, but more recent Urban Institute estimates continue to show a strong nexus between tax filing and eligibility for insurance affordability programs. At the national level, earned income tax credits were claimed in 2017 for 61.8 percent of uninsured children eligible for Medicaid or CHIP; 38.3 percent of uninsured adults who qualified for Medicaid or CHIP; and 43.1 percent of all uninsured who qualified for PTCs with income at or below 200 percent of FPL. Additional uninsured consumers did not claim an EITC but still filed tax returns because of legal filing requirements, other available tax refunds, or other reasons.
Not only does the tax-filing moment provide a remarkable opportunity to identify the uninsured, MEEHP's leveraging of tax-filing could overcome one of the most serious obstacles to coverage: namely, a lack of information about available assistance. In 2017, only 51 percent of the uninsured and 45 percent of the uninsured with incomes below 250 percent of FPL knew that financial assistance to help pay for health insurance was available. Fully 40 percent of the uninsured did not even know that health insurance exchanges existed, including 43 percent of those below 250 percent of FPL. MEEHP lets the uninsured learn about the available assistance for which they qualify by simply checking a box on their tax return.
More than 100,000 uninsured Maryland residents are eligible for premium-free coverage but are not enrolled, including more than 15,000 children who qualify for Medicaid or CHIP and over 36,000 Medicaid-eligible adults. MEEHP presents these families with a simple, streamlined path to coverage. Their enrollment would slow the rise of premiums for the insured, both because of an improved risk-pool in the individual market and because fewer uninsured would generate unpaid bills that pressure hospitals to raise charges on insurers. The Maryland Easy Enrollment Health Insurance Program, enacted with broad, bipartisan support, could prove helpful in many other states and potentially at the national level—wherever policymakers are interested in helping uninsured families obtain coverage for which they qualify.
How Illinois Can Make Health Insurance More Affordable
12.20.22 / Report
8.16.22 / Fact Sheet
New Protections from Unexpected Medical Bills: What You Need to Know about the No Surprises Act


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text:
Адо́льф Кусма́уль (; 22 февраля 1822, Грабен-Нойдорф, Германская империя — 28 мая 1902, Гейдельберг, Германская империя) — немецкий терапевт. Один из основоположников современной гастроскопии.

Биография
Изучал медицину в Гейдельберге, где в 1857 был избран экстраординарным профессором; с 1859 — директор медицинской клиники в Эрлангене. В 1876 перешёл с тем же званием в Страсбургский университет, где оставался до 1889. Кусмауль — выдающийся клиницист и специалист по нервным болезням своего времени.

Написал ряд превосходных монографий, из которых отдельно изданы: «Die Farbenerscheinungen im Grunde des menschlichen Auges» (1845); «Ueber Ursprung und Wesen der fallsucbtartigen Zuckungen bei der Verblutung etc.» (вместе с Адольфом Теннером, 1857), пролившее свет на учение об эпилепсии; «Von dem Mangel, der Verkümmerung und Verdoppelung der Gebärmemutter etc.»; «Ueber das Seelenleben des neugeborenen Menschen» (2 изд., 1884); «Ueber d. konstitutionellen Merkurialismus und sein Verhältnis zur konstitutionellen Syphilis»; «Ueber die Behandlung der Magenerweiterung durch eine neue Methode» (1869; введение желудочного насоса), «Ueber die fortschreitende Bulbärparalyse und ihr Verhältnis zur progressiven Maskelatrophie» (1873) и другие. Особенно известно было «Die Störungen der Sprache. Versuch einer Pathologie der Sprache» (в «Частной патологии и терапии» Цимсена, 3 изд., 1885).

Кусмауль остался в истории медицины также тем, что первым предложил использовать аспирацию желудочного содержимого с помощью желудочных зондов с целью исследования состояния желудка (1869). Его идею развил и стал широко применять для диагностики заболеваний желудка его ассистент, будущий профессор и известный гастроэнтеролог Вильгельм фон Лейбе.

Он также выделил как симптом так называемое «дыхание Куссмауля» — выдох с запахом ацетона, встречается при кетоацидозе (сахарный диабет, голодание).

Имя учёного носит подострый передний полиомиелит Кусмауля, чаще называемый болезнь Дюшенна.

Примечания

Литература

Терапевты Германии
Родившиеся в Баден-Вюртемберге
Похороненные на Гейдельбергском нагорном кладбище

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