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So you want to get into Gundam – A small introduction to Japan's biggest big robots Part 1
Anime, Articles
Hey so I'm writing up a thing for the blog about gundam because I'm terrible boring and "on brand".
Mobile Suit Gundam is pretty much THE long running series of Sci-fi Mech Anime. it's pretty much THE DADDY when it comes to japan's love affair with giant robots and the very idea of anime fandom can be traced back to it, with the release of the mobile suit gundam movie being attributed as the beginning of the Otaku movement in japan.it's kind of a big deal over there. hell, they even made a life-size version of the gundam. beacuse they like gundam in japan.
but with that said it has only ever really retained a cult audience over here in the west, largely resting on the nostalgia days of Gundam Wing on cartoon network some 20 years ago. G as a franchise is sort of hardcore niche when it comes to anime fandom with many people knowing the name just out of reputation without much actual experience or first hand knowledge in the field. as one of the weirdos who's really into it i feel it's within my scope to try to recommend the show to people who might be hesitant and to try to offer some direction as, with close to 40 years of constant media, it's a bit hard to really tell where to start.
So with that I've put together a short list of good starting points of what might be good ways into Gundam.
The first thing to note is that there are 2 types of gundam shows. the distinctions largely come from the continuity the shows sit in.
the main series happening within a timeline called The Universal Century (UC) you have a number of shows all set within a shared universe, feeding off each other's events and stories and ultimately building out a world and timeline that bridges about 60 years and tells multiple stories all built among similar themes. if you're familiar with comic books this is similar to marvel's 616 universe or DC's earth 1. it's the main place where stories happen.
the other type of show is basically anything NOT set in UC. these are shows often with self-contained continuities that usually run for a season or 2 and then end. they usually deal in their own themes and ideas, tell their story and then aren't really touched upon again outside of more niche spin-off material like the odd sequel manga (which may never be translated, shout outs to frozen teardrop*). this means that a Non-UC show can be easily digested without fear of continuity or foreknowledge, but when you're done you're back where you started when it comes to picking a new show. they also aren't all guaranteed to be good, so don't just expect them all to be worthwhile.
with all that said let's get on with this a bit:
00 is my first pick when it comes to initial gundam shows because it is likely one of the easiest shows in the franchise to get into from the perspective of a modern anime viewer, but doesn't stray far enough from the overall gundam idea as to give a false impression of the franchise (that will come later).
gundam 00 is unique amongst gundam shows as it is set within a timeline somewhat resembling our own. set in the Anno Domini era in which we ourselves live, though some 2-300 years later, it tells the story of an international group of pilots called Celestial Being who seek to use the advanced Gundam Mobile suits to eliminate war through armed interventions.
the conflict in 00 plays out in a Multi Angle struggle between a few country-like factions, each vying to gain the upper hand over each other in the far off world of space elevators and asteroid mining. all the while the maverick celestial being breathing down everybody's necks just waiting to say "hey you guys doing a war over there? yeah stop that or we gonna fuck some shit". it's one of the more complex and interesting conflicts within gundam but it's real world basis makes it easier to grasp than some of the headier space-politics unique to other shows. you all know that Russians and Americans don't like each-other so it only makes sense that they're fighting here too.
00 is also one of the more thematically diverse Gundam shows, tackling topics of terrorism, child solders, the morality of genetic augmentation for combat purposes and what happens when nutcases have giant robots and don't like weddings.
with a wide cast of characters, each fleshed out over the course of the 2 seasons (and a movie, but that's mostly just fight-porn) you can do a lot worse for your first gundam show than 00. its from 2007 and had a pretty decent budget so it's not aged terribly in its visuals and it has some of the best mobile suit designs of the past 15 years. It's a solid show with an interesting hook and a plot that keeps moving and regularly twists enough to keep your attention. while it may not be the best gundam show, it's certainly one of the most accessible to those unfamiliar with the franchise and will help prepare you for anything else you might encounter in other shows (except G gundam).
Its biggest flaw is that it's rather dry and humorless, especially in it's earlier episodes, so those going in for a fun-time goof-fest will probably be quiet bored. but as a representation of the franchise as a whole. it's dense like a fruit cake too so it doesn't lend itself to marathon viewing, nor long breaks between episodes, so keep that in mind. Season 2 also has a significant drop in quality within the fights due to a sort of super saiyan mode which robs some of its tension. and the movie is just sort of weird (though it's pretty and has good fights).
00 gundam is a good litmus test for if you're willing to get into gundam. it provides most of what you'll get in other shows in a relatively easy to digest way, but by the very nature of the high concept sci-fi the franchise deals in, it's up to you how much that'll grab you. it's got appealing character designs (with glorious sexy hair), good robots and decent animation that hasn't aged too poorly for its vintage so those used to modern animation shouldn't have an issue with it visually. if you're on-board for political struggles, complex morality, a middle eastern protagonist who wants to be a robot and some weird high concept sci-fi, you should be good. oh and both the sub and the dub are good so you can't go wrong with how you choose to watch it.
*frozen teardrop is a novel series sequel to gundam wing that has a semi-infamous reputation for being more than a little fanwanky and panders largely to the show's shoujo/Fujoshi demographic. also it looks like wank and is a sequel to wing and wing is garbage and can fuck off. Fuck Wing.


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Remember when security just meant a good set of keys?
October 13, 2021 /in Commercial Security, Mechanical Locking Hardware/by Ryan Kaullen
By Ryan Kaullen, Field Services Manager at Kenton Brothers
Kenton Brothers opened its commercial locksmith doors in Kansas City in 1897 by two brothers William and Leon Kenton, and is still located in the heart of Kansas City to this day. From the beginning, the mission has been to protect people, property, and possessions but locksmithing has changed over the past 120+ years! Today, keys look very different than the skeleton keys of the past. We now have electronic machines that cut keys, and we even have software programs that will keep your master key system organized and in check.
But what else has changed?
As most people remember when growing up, it was not uncommon to see school janitors, maintenance employees, or even property managers walking around with huge rings that looked like they had 250 keys on them and weighed 50lbs. The days of someone carrying around that many keys are coming to a close as keying systems have advanced, access control is becoming ever more prevalent, and keying software has allowed keying systems to be more easily managed. Things change (and a lot of times for the better.) Leon and William Kenton even knew that back in the early 1900's. They knew that they had to take care of the customer, innovate, offer more than their competitor, and provide remarkable service to continue to grow.
So how does this information benefit you or the company you work for?
With more advanced methods of key control, by knowing who has what keys, by knowing how to properly protect your people, property, and possessions, and by granting access to certain areas, you can cut down costs, reduce the number of keys people have and benefit from a mechanical security system that compliments your access control system. And an advanced method of key control can be its own mechanical access control system.
Even a century ago, William and Leon knew that a good master key system could be designed to incorporate security and convenience for the users. How? By gathering important information at the preliminary 'keying meeting' where the details to design the master key system are discussed. One tip for a successful design is to incorporate the company's organizational layout (users of the keys) with the building layout of where the doors are located. It's also important to gather information about future changes or potential growth anticipated. A good master key system makes it easy for those that need access to multiple rooms. It also increases security by only granting access to needed areas and not the entire floor.
We're here to educate.
From the beginning, Kenton Brothers has worked to educate our customers, help understand their needs, and promote all the offerings in the market place that will properly secure their facilities. Kenton Brothers may have started as a locksmith who also fixed umbrellas and sharpened mower blades to make ends meet. But as the decades have passed, we've developed into more than just a large and growing commercial locksmith in Kansas City. Our other offerings include Access Control, IP Video, Intrusion Detection, and more. These systems all work together to provide a layered approach for securing facilities.
Let the Kenton Brothers team of dedicated employees show you how we can protect your people, property, and possessions and keep you All Secure!
https://kentonbrothers.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Keying-Through-Time.jpg 502 624 Ryan Kaullen https://kentonbrothers.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/2020-KB-logo.png Ryan Kaullen2021-10-13 06:00:582021-10-08 12:39:55Remember when security just meant a good set of keys?
Kenton Brothers Implements NetSuite – 5 Critical Steps to Consider Employee Spotlight: Danielle Hoover, Project Administrator

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The PV60 was the last of the large six-cylinder civilian passenger cars from Volvo with a traditional side-valve engine. The design of the car, ready when WWII broke out, was relatively old-fashioned, as the American lines had changed drastically during the war. The car, however, became very popular, primarily because of the comfort it offered. Most of the cars were sold during the late 1940s.


NARNIA, based on the beloved classic by C.S. Lewis, The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, will transport audiences February 21-22 at the Bangor Opera House. Part of Penobscot Theatre Company's Dramatic Academy series, the production will feature 27 local students ages 4 – 13, directed by teaching artist Ben Layman. Throughout the academic year, Dramatic Academy offers three sessions of youth classes, each culminating in a final performance on the company's main stage. For the 2013-2014 season, each production is an adaptation of a piece of children's literature.
PTC Dramatic Academy presents NARNIA Feb 21 – 23.
"Aslan" in progress. Specialty make up and costume design/construction by Elaine Bard.
WHEN: February 21 & 22 at 6 p.m.
February 22 at 3 p.m.


Talk about your plot twists! This article may contain some spoilers for the Batman: Arkham City sidequest Fragile Alliance. Read on if you dare, or don't care about cool things being spoiled for you.
Bane's sidequest is kind of cool in this game, if not a bit of a let down. See, Bane tasks you with helping him destroy canisters of TITAN, the drug that makes him all strong and gross looking. There are six canisters to dispose of, and they'll all be on your map. Once that's taken care of, head back to Bane and fight a bunch of guards with him. Of course, after you help him take care of those pesky guards, he'll cross you. So watch out for that one, and pretend you didn't see it coming.


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Payment plans available info@sessionyoga.com for more info.


Anton and Marianna took the phrase "lights, camera, action" to a whole new level for their first wedding dance. It was a moment that looks completely spontaneous. The love and the effort we put into making this moment count was far from spontaneous. The effortless beauty the clouds take shape of takes hours of rehearsals to get it just right. All of that would be meaningless if we didn't have the complete trust we received from Anton and Marianna.
The perfect combination of love, beauty, and effort. Thank you for trusting us with your big day.


After a semester of bad press, the "pizza place" formerly known as Konz has changed its name to Krust.
This appears to be a rebranding effort to brighten up its image, though there have reportedly been some bumps along the way.
A reliable source has informed The Getaway that Konz tried to change its name to the Krusty Krab, but got slammed for copyright reasons.
The name change is nothing if not on brand: Konz is arguably the crustiest place on campus, rivalling the floor of Ho Ho's after a long semester. Anonymous reviewers have described its food as "bread, but worse" and "an affront to the concept of pizza itself." As the U of A's newest mistake undergoes this change, new levels of "meh" will surely be reached.


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Phnom Penh Post - Students see Khmer Rouge tribunal as educational tool: study
Students see Khmer Rouge tribunal as educational tool: study
Erin Handley | Publication date 26 January 2018 | 10:31 ICT
Cambodian students listen to closing statements at the Khmer Rouge tribunal. A new report shows Phnom Penh students consider the court's most important legacy to be education, ahead of justice or reconciliation. ECCC
Erin Handley
A new study probing the impressions of Phnom Penh students of the Khmer Rouge tribunal revealed they see the international court more as an educational tool than a means for justice.
In the study, conducted by Stanford University's WSD Handa Center for Human Rights, 83 students were surveyed in focus groups, along with 16 civil society members, government actors and educators.
"Students identified the potential for the Tribunal to educate their generation about the past as its biggest potential legacy; ranking this higher than judicial, psychological, or capacity-building legacies," the report read.
Of the 65 students who responded to a question about the court's purpose, 32 percent said it was to "teach the next generation about what happened or learn the truth", 18 percent said it was to provide justice or reconciliation and 15 percent said it was to prosecute the Khmer Rouge leaders. Another 14 percent said the tribunal – also known as the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia – was about healing the suffering of the past.
"This is interesting because often in discussions about the ECCC , it is these other legacies that come up more often – ending impunity, strengthening the capacity of domestic courts or providing justice or some type of healing for the victims," said lead author Caitlin McCaffrie.
"In contrast to some commonly held views that young people are just not interested in the history, we found most people were very curious, they had opinions and they had a lot of questions."
In the words of one student, "the purpose of the tribunal is for the next generation who did not experience the regime, so they can know what happened".
Yet Youk Chhang, director of the Documentation Center of Cambodia, stressed the tribunal was, first and foremost, a court.
"The ECCC is a court of law, not a history department," he said, saying seeing the tribunal as a teaching tool "completely undermines" the years and millions invested in it. "Its legacy is justice . . . to prosecute the Khmer Rouge leaders."
But the findings came as little surprise to both sides of the courtroom in the current case against former Khmer Rouge leaders Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan.
Nuon Chea defender Victor Koppe said the findings "made perfect sense" as there was a strong yearning for Cambodians to learn about the events during the Democratic Kampuchea era.
Koppe said the majority of Chea's closing brief in Case 002/02 was dedicated to expounding on the former Brother Number Two's theory – dubbed "The Crocodile" – about the history of the communist movement and the role of Vietnam.
"Explaining this history was indeed the sole reason for Nuon Chea to keep participating in these extremely flawed proceedings until the end and for me not to withdraw as his lawyer," Koppe said.
International co-prosecutor Nicholas Koumjian – whose team has derided Chea's crocodile as "fake history" – took a different slant. "A critical legacy for all international criminal courts, whether we are talking about Nuremberg, the Yugoslav or Rwandan tribunals or the ECCC, is to contribute to greater understanding of the truth about momentous historical events," he said. "As the philosopher said, 'Those who do not learn history are doomed to repeat it'."
Contact author: Erin Handley
Khmer Rouge leaders ruled fit to face court
Appeal hearing on Im Chaem dismissal concludes
Parties tackle Im Chaem dismissal
Khmer Rouge prosecutors split on Muth case
Team at odds over Ao An case
Tribunal ruling to keep cases open welcomed, 'threats' decried
Khmer Rouge tribunal observers have welcomed a decision on Friday to continue pursuing – at least for now – a set of controversial cases against former leaders
Breaking: Khmer Rouge tribunal delays decision to close controversial cases
Japan disburses $1.2M to Khmer Rouge Tribunal
Khmer Rouge tribunal gets funds, case deadline extension
Chaem ruling to be appealed


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Is Ultra Cleanse right for me?
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Alex the Astronaut Soars to New Heights on Debut LP, The Theory of Absolutely Nothing
Album Reviews Read Reviews
Harper Beattie
With the release of her debut record, Sydney-native Alex the Astronaut (Alex Lynn) explores themes of change, loss, and all kinds of love in a stunning folk-pop work positively brimming with virulent optimism.
As her name implies, Alex the Astronaut (real name Alex Lynn) has founded her sonography and songwriting on the incessant desire to explore her own puzzling reality as a twenty-something grappling through modern society. Powerful pop melodies give her songs an air of child-like wonder while acoustic instrumentation and carefully plucked guitar lines provide a sense of grounding that cements her folk-pop grouping. Her lyrical sentiments are rooted in authenticity, vulnerability and all spectrums of love, all while maintaining an unwavering sense of optimism. Her entirely positive perspective on loss, friendship, and change has proved consistently infectious since her 2016 debut, guaranteeing all eyes are on her for a long-awaited full-length project.
Originally from Sydney, Alex has long asserted her musical fortitude and developed a doting fanbase in her home country of Australia while also drawing increasing international attention. In addition to gracing the lineups of the UK's Great Escape festival, Spain's Primavera Sound festival, and Manchester's Neighbourhood Festival, Alex's 2017 single "Not Worth Hiding" gained nationwide recognition as the unofficial anthem of Australia's Vote Yes movement with a revealing recount of her own personal reckonings surrounding sexuality. Several years spent in the US on a soccer scholarship to Long Island University allowed her to pursue studies in math and science and added to an even more encompassing worldview we see reflected in her music. This experience birthed two EP's, To Whom It May Concern and See You Soon, both released in 2017, along with a multitude of warmly received singles.
Today marks the release of The Theory of Absolutely Nothing, following years of wondering if we'd ever see an Alex the Astronaut LP. The ten-track record's title stems from the notion that the more Alex explores her experience, the less she realizes she understands about the world around her, perpetuating the imagery of an astronautic voyager in a boundless universe. Opening track and crowd favorite "Happy Song" begs for a distraction from the deplorable state of missing someone, embellished with tongue-in-cheek "da-da-dadidum"'s in keeping with Alex's unremitting positivity. A feeling of vulnerability is carried through to tracks like "Caught in the Middle" and "Lost", which details choosing acceptance when there are no remaining options in the quaint storytelling flair Alex seamlessly pulls off. In an accompanying music video, she appears to "travel through the galaxy and tropical locations" (amongst other places you could get lost in) in front of homemade green screen projections (the darling low budget pandemic videos similar to this one we've seen have got to be my favorite things to come out of quarantine).
"When you hadn't thought this would happen
And you really wish it wasn't happening
When fate takes you and it spins you around
But the summer brings a warming light
And you can feel the crawling time
It's silent and slow but you will get home
When you're lost
And you're lost"
It feels unfitting to compare Alex to Australian indie-rock icon Courtney Barnett – her broad-sweeping ruminations on life's calamities in seemingly perfect contrast to Barnett's meandering recounts of daily mundanities. But it's the endearing train-of-thought narratives and quirky chronicles that put Alex on par with Barnett's chart-topping storytelling, coupled with a distinctive vocal quality that's impossible not to fall for. "Split the Sky" carries the same thoughtful musings on common platitudes of Barnett's "Avant Gardener" with an emphatic twist of rising to the occasion and "I'll be alright".
That optimism swells to brimming adoration on tracks like "Christmas in July" and "I Think You're Great", exploring both the romantic and platonic spectrums of love. "Christmas in July" feels droning, reflecting upon the beauty in surrendering to a love that makes you question everything you thought you knew in the best way possible. "I Think You're Great" is indisputably an album highlight – a danceable ode to the purest form of platonic love and unsurmountable loyalty. Darker moments bleed through on tracks like "Banksia", its title in reference to the Australian native flower that lined the street where Alex found out that her friend had passed away. "I Like to Dance" is a heart wrenching first person narrative detailing the mental conflict of being a victim of domestic violence. A borderline livid moment is shown on "I Didn't Know" – an unexpected and refreshing display of evolved range and diversion from Alex's emblem sunny melodies.
With the addition of only three previously unreleased songs, The Theory of Absolutely Nothing is brought to a close with the introduction of perhaps one of the most evident displays yet of Alex the Astronaut's galactic aesthetic on "San Francisco".
"I'm just a traveler passing through, passing through
Riding my spaceship to the moon, to the moon
Looking down at the hope and the pain
But the colors are all going to change
Yes, I see a garden that's in bloom, that's in bloom"
In a meta allusion to her astronaut status, Alex once more takes on the role of an onlooker of her own experience as well as those of the characters she details so eloquently in her storytelling. "San Francisco" is meditative, thoughtful and encouraging, painting blooming floral vignettes in an entirely optimistic glance to the future. For Alex the Astronaut, it's one that promises endless extremities of the earth and beyond left unexplored, as well as stories left to be told.
Photo credit: Jess Gleeson
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Homrich & Berg Buys 2,584 Shares of Fiserv Inc (NASDAQ:FISV)
Posted by Lisa Pomrenke on Nov 13th, 2019
Homrich & Berg raised its stake in Fiserv Inc (NASDAQ:FISV) by 43.1% in the third quarter, Holdings Channel reports. The fund owned 8,582 shares of the business services provider's stock after purchasing an additional 2,584 shares during the quarter. Homrich & Berg's holdings in Fiserv were worth $889,000 at the end of the most recent reporting period.
Several other hedge funds also recently bought and sold shares of FISV. Price T Rowe Associates Inc. MD raised its holdings in Fiserv by 8.3% in the 2nd quarter. Price T Rowe Associates Inc. MD now owns 51,136,590 shares of the business services provider's stock valued at $4,661,611,000 after buying an additional 3,933,642 shares during the last quarter. Waddell & Reed Financial Inc. raised its holdings in Fiserv by 302.5% in the 2nd quarter. Waddell & Reed Financial Inc. now owns 2,670,227 shares of the business services provider's stock valued at $243,418,000 after buying an additional 2,006,798 shares during the last quarter. Nuveen Asset Management LLC raised its holdings in Fiserv by 2,018.4% in the 2nd quarter. Nuveen Asset Management LLC now owns 1,904,545 shares of the business services provider's stock valued at $173,618,000 after buying an additional 1,814,639 shares during the last quarter. Massachusetts Financial Services Co. MA raised its holdings in Fiserv by 5.7% in the 3rd quarter. Massachusetts Financial Services Co. MA now owns 26,949,480 shares of the business services provider's stock valued at $2,791,697,000 after buying an additional 1,445,676 shares during the last quarter. Finally, Strs Ohio raised its holdings in Fiserv by 3,894.4% in the 3rd quarter. Strs Ohio now owns 950,337 shares of the business services provider's stock valued at $98,445,000 after buying an additional 926,545 shares during the last quarter.
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In related news, Chairman Jeffery W. Yabuki sold 25,000 shares of Fiserv stock in a transaction on Wednesday, August 21st. The shares were sold at an average price of $107.45, for a total value of $2,686,250.00. Following the completion of the sale, the chairman now owns 291,429 shares of the company's stock, valued at approximately $31,314,046.05. The transaction was disclosed in a legal filing with the SEC, which is accessible through the SEC website. Also, EVP Christopher M. Foskett sold 5,000 shares of Fiserv stock in a transaction on Wednesday, September 4th. The shares were sold at an average price of $106.36, for a total transaction of $531,800.00. Following the completion of the sale, the executive vice president now directly owns 140,248 shares of the company's stock, valued at approximately $14,916,777.28. The disclosure for this sale can be found here. In the last ninety days, insiders have sold 126,000 shares of company stock valued at $13,422,250. Insiders own 1.40% of the company's stock.
Shares of FISV stock traded up $0.89 during trading hours on Wednesday, hitting $111.54. 185,394 shares of the company were exchanged, compared to its average volume of 4,541,509. The firm has a market cap of $43.47 billion, a P/E ratio of 35.95, a P/E/G ratio of 2.30 and a beta of 0.78. Fiserv Inc has a fifty-two week low of $68.45 and a fifty-two week high of $111.46. The company has a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.66, a quick ratio of 1.08 and a current ratio of 1.08. The company has a 50 day simple moving average of $105.01 and a two-hundred day simple moving average of $97.95.
Fiserv (NASDAQ:FISV) last announced its quarterly earnings data on Wednesday, November 6th. The business services provider reported $1.02 EPS for the quarter, topping the consensus estimate of $1.00 by $0.02. The company had revenue of $3.62 billion during the quarter, compared to the consensus estimate of $3.78 billion. Fiserv had a net margin of 12.11% and a return on equity of 16.73%. The company's quarterly revenue was up 5.3% on a year-over-year basis. During the same quarter last year, the firm posted $0.87 EPS. As a group, sell-side analysts expect that Fiserv Inc will post 4 EPS for the current fiscal year.
A number of research analysts recently issued reports on FISV shares. JPMorgan Chase & Co. started coverage on shares of Fiserv in a report on Wednesday, October 30th. They issued a "neutral" rating and a $119.00 price objective for the company. Zacks Investment Research upgraded shares of Fiserv from a "hold" rating to a "buy" rating and set a $117.00 price objective for the company in a report on Monday. Royal Bank of Canada set a $106.00 price objective on shares of Fiserv and gave the company a "buy" rating in a report on Friday, July 26th. Berenberg Bank started coverage on shares of Fiserv in a report on Wednesday, July 31st. They issued a "buy" rating and a $121.00 price objective for the company. Finally, Canaccord Genuity began coverage on shares of Fiserv in a report on Thursday, September 12th. They issued a "buy" rating and a $130.00 price objective for the company. One investment analyst has rated the stock with a sell rating, seven have assigned a hold rating and twenty-three have assigned a buy rating to the company's stock. The company presently has an average rating of "Buy" and a consensus price target of $108.23.
Fiserv Profile
Fiserv, Inc, together with its subsidiaries, provides financial services technology worldwide. The company's Payments and Industry Products segment provides electronic bill payment and presentment services; Internet and mobile banking software and services; account-to-account transfers; person-to-person payment services; debit and credit card processing and services; payments infrastructure services; and other electronic payments software and services.
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With a major fire at the BASF citral plant in Germany causing a global shortage of vitamins A and E, many livestock producers are concerned about availability and the impact on feed prices, however according to Bob Kendal, Alltech UK"s ruminant manager for the north, there are alternative options available.
"BASF is by far the world"s largest producer of citral, a key intermediate in the production of vitamins A and E, and following the fire, the market for these key minerals has been squeezed," says Mr Kendal.
"As a result, we have seen significant price volatility for vitamin A and E feed components, which has left livestock producers vulnerable to a hike in feed prices, with some prepared to reduce the specification of rations to offset the increased cost."
With both vitamins A and E playing an integral role in a host of body processes, including immunity, reproduction and feed conversion, Mr Kendal empahises that optimum mineral nutrition must be maintained to avoid long-term impacts on health and productivity.
However, he says this doesn"t necessarily mean that the inclusion rate of vitamins A and E cannot be reduced.
"When it comes to vitamin E, while there isn"t a direct replacement, there"re ways in which we can formulate diets to maximise the efficiency of the vitamin E that is available, enabling the inclusion rate to be lowered without any negative effects.
"This includes partially replacing vitamin E with an organic form of selenium such as Sel-Plex. As a result of complex interactions between the two elements, Sel-Plex selenium can recycle "used" vitamin E, allowing the overall level within rations to be reduced."
Mr Kendal adds that an additional consideration is to totally replace certain inorganic trace minerals within premixes with Bioplex, a unique organic form that research has shown can improve vitamin stability.
"In trace mineral premixes, oxidation-reduction reactions are the predominant cause of vitamin instability, and the form of trace mineral will influence its reactivity. Copper and zinc are the most reactive and have the greatest potential for vitamin destruction; however, Bioplex trace minerals have far less potential for reactivity. A switch in mineral form could therefore allow for a reduction in vitamin levels," he says.
Mr Kendal however notes that not all organic trace minerals are the same. "Organic trace minerals must have high bond strength if interactions are to be minimised to an extent that would permit lower inclusion rates of vitamins," he says.
"With BASF not yet resuming production, combined with the ongoing uncertainty in Chinese supply, a rethink of vitamin formulation strategies within livestock rations could prove very worthwhile," Mr Kendal concludes.


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Fire Aviation
News & commentary about aerial firefighting, air tankers, and helicopters
New South Wales purchases 737 air tanker
NSW will also buy two Cessna Citation Lead/Intelligence Aircraft
On November 22, 2018 Air Tanker 137 made the first drop by a Boeing 737 on an active fire. It occurred on a bushfire in the Hunter region of New South Wales, Australia. Screenshot from NSW RFS video.
The New South Wales Rural Fire Service obviously was satisfied with the performance of a Boeing 737-300 that was under contract during their 2018-2019 summer fire season since they just signed a contract to purchase one of the converted airliners.
The NSW government announced the acquisition May 15, 2019 saying it is part of a $26.3 million investment to enhance the aerial firefighting capacity in the Australian State.
"This type of aircraft can deliver 15,000 liters (3,960 gallons) of fire suppressants, transport about 70 firefighters and operate from a number of regional airports," Minister for Police and Emergency Services David Elliott said.
NSW RFS Acting Commissioner Rob Rogers said the Service had evaluated a number of different Large and Very Large Air Tankers over recent fire seasons and had settled on the 737 as the preferred option, operated by Canadian company Coulson Aviation.
NSW will purchase one Boeing 737 Fireliner and two Cessna Citation V Lead/Intelligence Aircraft. They are accompanied by a ten-year operational contract where Coulson will provide all flight and maintenance personal. The 737 is scheduled to be delivered in July of this year.
Britt Coulson, Vice President of Coulson Aircrane, said the company is acquiring two Cessna Citation V/560 aircraft now.
"They will be equipped with brand new Garmin EFIS cockpits complete with Synthetic Vision and linescan/gimbal systems designed and integrated by us", Mr. Coulson said. "These aircraft are required to be multi-role so like the B737 Fireliner, we will integrate the tech package to not limit the airplane's performance or ability to move passengers. We saw great success with the Citation Jet/525 that was operated in the USA and wanted to build on that program with a slightly larger, more capable airframe. With the B737 Fireliner being the fastest Large Airtanker, it really needs the fastest support platform."
Britt said a technician in the back of the Citation will operate the video equipment and other sensors. Their goal is to retain seven passenger seats.
As part of the NSW Government's $26.3 million investment, a contract has been signed for the purchase of a 737 Large Air Tanker operated by Coulson Aviation. It will provide stronger bush fire protection to communities year-round and due to touch down in July this year. #NSWRFS pic.twitter.com/ga5JYw2ddm
— NSW RFS (@NSWRFS) May 14, 2019
The NSW contracting office works much more quickly than what we have been seeing in recent years from their U.S. Forest Service counterparts. The initiative to purchase a large air tanker was announced in mid-December 2018 and now five months later the procurement has been consummated, with delivery of the air tankers expected in another two months. It has taken multiple years in some cases to contract for air tanker services in the Forest Service that are guaranteed for only one year. The NSW contract for operation and maintenance is for ten years. The Canadian province of Manitoba awarded a 10-year contract for the management, maintenance, and operation of their fleet of seven water-scooping air tankers (four CL-415s and three CL-215s), supported by three Twin Commander "bird-dog" aircraft.
Coulson Aviation CEO Wayne Coulson said he looked forward to being able to work with the RFS on this new venture and would be expanding its NSW base in the coming months. The company will be looking to hire Australian pilots and ground crew.
In recent years NSW and Victoria have hired large air tankers, primarily from Canada, for their summer bushfire season. During the 2018-2019 summer the two governments employed six, including one 737, two C-130s, and three RJ85s. They also brought in six Erickson Aircranes, as well as other heavy helicopters. The last of the contracted Large Air Tankers left NSW to return to the United States late last week.
Coulson Aviation began their 737 project in 2017 when they purchased six 737-300's from Southwest Airlines which had decided to replace them with the new 737-Max. Since the FAA only allows Southwest pilots to fly two 737's with the same rating, the airline opted to sell the 737-300's even though they had a relatively low number of hours in the sky. With the 737-MAX being grounded after two crashes, Southwest may be regretting the decision to part with the aircraft.
The 737 air tanker was designed as a multi-use aircraft with the ability to haul passengers. In 2017 Britt Coulson said "With a full retardant load and 4.5 hours of fuel we are so far under max gross weight we are going to leave the full interior and galleys in even when just in airtanker mode."
This is not a video, but a screengrab from a video of Air Tanker 137, a 737, dropping on the Bruxner Highway Fire (Tenterfield LGA) in New South Wales, Australia, February, 2019. Usually it is not obvious when an air tankers drops simultaneously from more than one tank, but on the 737 the two tanks are not adjacent to each other, making it possible to see the separation when the drop begins. The video can be seen here.
The 737 made its first drop on an active fire November 22, 2018 on a bushfire in New South Wales.
The 737 Large Air Tanker 'Gaia' has been in action in the Hunter this afternoon – the first time this kind of plane has been used to fight a fire anywhere in the world. It's provided valuable support to firefighters on the ground. #NSWRFS #nswfires #avgeek pic.twitter.com/qHnbcddFpe
— NSW RFS (@NSWRFS) November 22, 2018
Air tanker 137, a 737-300, at the grid test near Lancaster, California, September 3, 2018. Coulson photo.
Author Bill GabbertPosted on May 15, 2019 May 16, 2019 Categories Contracting, Fixed wingTags 737, Australia, New South Wales
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It is done, as you saw, in a way that is not in the story of the movie, which is one of my favorite things about it. It's beside the point. I feel that George Takei's reaction ― I'm sure has more to do with George Takei, and the baggage he brings to the proceedings. I think it may be his perception of having played a character a certain way. It might mean something personally to him. I have nothing but respect for the man, but I think it's a preposterous thing for, of all people, a Star Trek actor — who's come out himself — to say that Gene Roddenberry wouldn't have wanted this.
Despite the fact that Takei has recently clarified his comments by explaining that he was "not disappointed" by the character's new sexuality, it's hard to forget the subtext of his original statements, which appeared to accuse the portrayal of being against Rodenberry's original vision. As such, it's easy to agree with Abrams that actually, the decision is probably one that Rodenberry would have more than approved of. When looking back at some of the most socially progressive and inclusive moments from the original Star Trek series, it's also easy to understand where Abrams is coming from with that assertion. Here are some of the most groundbreaking ones to bear in mind.
Including a Japanese pilot, an African American communications officer, a Scottish engineer, and a Russian navigator, the show actively tackled many of the growing racial tensions of the '60s, and gave visibility to marginalized groups on television.
Just months following the tragic and horrifying assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., Star Trek tried to help influence cultural perceptions by screening the one of the first ever kiss between a Caucasian man and an African-American woman. Broadcast in 1968 during the episode "Plato's Stepchildren," the moment was televised only a year after laws which banned interracial marriages had been ruled unconstitutional.
The Cold War era of the '60s brought with it a cultural shift of fear against communist Russia, and as a result, many Russian people were automatically demonized in the press for their nationality. When Rodenberry was being pushed to cast a young male actor in order to attract a larger female audience, he created Pavel Chekov. Not only was the character Russian, but he was always portrayed positively, going completely against the cultural attitudes of the time.
Nyota Uhura was an African-American female character who not only had a lead role in the show, but also wielded great power within the Enterprise ship and defied the unwarranted and harsh racial stereotypes of the era.
Star Trek didn't just present inclusiveness within its characterization, however, as plot lines within the show often presented accessible and easy to understand allegories which made statements on the politics and cultural zeitgeist of the '60s. The episode "Let That Be Your Last Battlefield," for instance, provided an allegory on racism. Portraying two enemies both with similar and distinguishable faces, the two characters feature half black and half white faces (their skin colors are the reverse of each other), who fail to understand their similarities. Their hatred for each other eventually results in the complete obliteration of their planet and their people, as a result.
Frankly, introducing Sulu as being an openly gay character can only be beneficial for the Star Trek universe and mainstream Hollywood movies as a whole. Abrams, Pegg, and Quinto are correct in their collective support of the decision which will provide some much needed visibility to LGBT characters and will hopefully inspire the inclusion of more openly gay characters within Hollywood films. The original series of Star Trek was groundbreaking and challenging for the era it was released, and as such I'm with Abrams on this one: Rodenberry would surely be proud of how his original vision has been respectfully continued with the portrayal of Sulu's sexuality. And it's surely a moment which will remembered as being a ground breaking one in movie history for many years to come.


Christopher Lee Eakens, 46, of Conway passed away Wednesday, December 5, 2018. He was born Saturday, July 1, 1972 in Chicago Heights, Illinois.
He is survived by his loving wife Marsha; three sons, Andrew Eakens of Benton, Jacob Eakens of Benton, and Aiden Eakens of Conway; stepson Bryan of Conway; mother Kathy Lewis (Larry) of Conway; sister Karin Colony of Conway; brother Samuel Eakens of Bellville; three nephews; three nieces; one granddaughter; one great-nephew.
Christopher was a very kind and loving person. He also enjoyed watching NASCAR.


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Poochy & Yoshi's Woolly World – Review
Filed Under3DS News Reviews Wii U
The Wii U may be remembered as a Nintendo failure, yet its library of games tells another story.
And it's not just your Mario Kart 8s and Super Smash Brothers, there's Bayonetta 2 and Xenoblade X to consider. Not to mention the Captain Toads and even Yoshi's Woolly World.
Seeing the green dinosaur shrink down to the 3DS is a mixed blessing. It's wonderful that a larger audience will get to experience this charming, entertaining side-scroller, but also acceptance that keeping the game exclusive to Wii U is no longer a sound marketing strategy. Especially when you discover that this handheld port is actually the definitive edition of the game.
Yoshi's Woolly World is set on Craft Island, cast adrift in Handmade Ocean. It's a peaceful place where the Yoshi clan all band together in perfect harmony. That is, until a Magikoopa called Kamek shows up and turns them all into yarn. I guess there are worse outcomes.
All but the familiar green dinosaur are affected and so he chases down the flying magician who drops handfuls of yarn as he scurries to get away. Before finally confronting the floating fool, Yoshi visits each yarn drop-off point in order to rescue his friends, jumping across platforms, avoiding obstacles and beating baddies along the way.
Yoshi can toss Yarn balls to knit together the environment as it's been deconstructed. He can also tie up his enemies so he can then bop them on the head. Or just gobble them up and poop them out into … yarn balls.You can also unravel hidden areas to access puzzles by pulling on strands and discovering other surprises.
You can also unravel hidden areas to access puzzles by pulling on strands and discovering other surprises.
It's a direct port of the Wii U version and has translated really well, especially on the New 3DS where it runs at 60FPS. To the point where it looks as good as the home console edition which is something of a surprise.
There are big differences, however. For starters, there's a lot more Amiibo support in the 3DS edition. You can scan in various Amiibo to give Yoshi various custom patterns for Yarn creation as well as have Double Yoshi active during levels. However, you can also scan in a Poochy Amiibo which can be ridden by Yoshi in the game. You can also tap it in one of the bonus Poochy stages to enable it to be played in Time Attack mode.
You can even store a custom Yoshi pattern and transfer it to another 3DS cart using a Yarn Yoshi Amiibo.
Multiplayer has been stripped away from this version, however, so unfortunately there's no option for 2 players to play through a level at one time
Instead, you'll get the bonus addition of Poochy, the player controlled doggy who can help you uncover secrets during the game's Mellow Mode – which basically makes everything easier by giving Yoshi wings.
You can also take part in secret Poochy missions which are essentially time attack stages. The idea is to collect as many beads as possible in the time limit and collect items useful in the main game.
There's also a Yoshi Theatre which will include 31 stop-motion videos of Yoshi and Poochy which are about the most adorable thing you'll ever see. Seriously, this is heart-melting stuff. Developed alongside Dwarf Animation studios, players are asked to watch the video and answer a short question at the end to receive small in-game bonuses. It's a cute and light-hearted thing to do when you just want to take a small breather from the action.
And that's something Poochy and Yoshi's Woolly World does really well is fill the player with a sense of calm and composure throughout. It does throw up challenges and can occasionally be frustrating, but this is – undoubtedly – one of the most adorable, relaxing platform gaming experiences Nintendo have ever designed. It's also a perfect franchise fit for the Dino and will hopefully see further sequels in the future.
It's a game anyone can pick up, play, and probably fall in love with. Where the Mario Maker 3DS port suffered for stripped back functionality, Yoshi's Woolly World thrives and even manages to excel and stand out in the packed 3DS library. Nintendo platforming at its finest.
+ The most relaxing platformer you'll ever play
+ Infectious music and charm
+ Fun and effective mechanics that hold up throughout
+ A rare port that actually thrives more than the original
– Fairly simplistic throughout
– Doesn't break ground in a busy genre
Poochy and Yoshi's Woolly World
Tagged With3DSNintendoPoochyPoochy and Yoshi's Woolly WorldWii UWoolly WorldYoshiYoshi's Wooly World
Ray Willmott
Ray is the founder and editor of Expansive. He is also a former Community Manager for Steel Media, and has written for a variety of gaming websites over the years. His work can be seen on Pocket Gamer, PG.biz, Gfinity, and the Red Bull Gaming Column. He has also written for VG247, Videogamer, GamesTM, PLAY, and MyM Magazine,


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Location: Caernarfon Leisure Centre, Hwb Caernarfon
When: Monday evenings (once a fortnight), 5:30pm – 7:00pm
Location: Capel y Drindod
When: Tuesday evenings (once a fortnight), 5:15pm – 6:45pm.
Location: Ysgol Ardudwy
When: Tuesday evenings (once a fortnight), 5:30pm – 7:00pm
We provide valuable opportunities for students of music at our centres in Caernarfon, Denbigh and Ruthin and through our community events throughout Wales.
We fund projects and events that leave behind a social legacy – increased wellbeing at an individual level, as well as happier and more connected communities.
Discover the Song work in partnership with the Adult Learning Team at Gwynedd Council to support and provide opportunities to the improve mental health and wellbeing of its clients through music.
An independent evaluator for Canfod y Gân/Discover the Song project. The company will collaborate closely with the groups' members, its volunteers and musicians.
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The Daily Dimwit: Sittin' Around Saturday... going to be busy!
Well, it'll be a busy day for the Dimwit! I've got a lot planned today, including getting the group break packages put together, although I think I'm out of team bags and will have to pick those up tonight at Trade Night at my local card shop. Poor planning, I know... my bad guys... all the packages will be in the mail on Monday.
Today is going to be a fun day... I've got two football games to watch: Sam Houston State vs. North Dakota State University for the National Championship in FCS Division I Football! Go Bearkats! And then I've got the Texans vs. Bengals in the first ever playoff game for my Texans. I'm hoping for a double victory and an awesome Saturday!
Now for today's card. I picked this up at my local card shop here in Mobile shortly after moving here a few months ago. It's numbered 1/9 and is just an awesome looking card!
The scan does it no justice, it's a very shiny card! Anyways, I love the look, the cut outs for the jerseys and if it weren't for that cheater Braun... haha, just kidding... it's an awesome card. Pence will stay part of my player collection because I do really like the way he plays the game and I should be able to pick up his Astros stuff a little cheaper now as well.
1. That's a pretty ridiculous patch!
2. Great break! Although I think I and others subsidized the Marlins there, I thought it was a lot of fun and I look forward to seeing what you come up with next. Great job on the video, too.
3. Since you're sending stuff out on Monday (which is still plenty fast for a group break) can I bother you to send me that Hill auto I want and in the meantime I'll find you something good in return? Feel free to pick something on COMC or eBay if it helps, but maybe I'll hit a show at the end of the month, or you can have that Oswalt hat patch, either way.
That is an awesome patch card... one of the best I've seen.
Good game, Bison -- way to go, Thundering Herd!


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Lithuania > Public and civil servants
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Country: Lithuania - Subject: Public and civil servants
Lithuania - Public and civil servants - Law, Act
Act No. VIII-1316 of 8 July 1999 on public service, as amended up to 23 April 2002 by Act No. IX-855 [Consolidation]. -
Adoption: 1999-07-08 | LTU-1999-L-55074
Regulates basic principles of public service, status of public servants and legal basis of public service administration. Available in English.
Act No. VIII-723 of 5 May 1998 on the organisation of the national defence system and military service, as amended to 7 July 1999.
Adoption: 1999-07-07 | Date of entry into force: 1998-05-05 | LTU-1999-L-56245
Law No. VIII-1234 of 17 June 1999 "On Public Administration" as Amended to 6 December 2014. -
Establishes, inter alia, the purpose of the law, main definitions, principles of public administration, the system of entities, granting of powers, main spheres thereof, as well as the procedure of administrative decision-making, adoption of individual administrative act, including supervision and control thereof. Further, deals with the quality management of public administration, internal administration, administrative procedure and its participants (Chapter III); supervision of activities of economic entities (Chapter IV); terms and conditions of institutional assistance (Chapter V); final provision (Chapter VI).
Act No. VIII-1014 of 29 December 1998 to supplement Section 1 of the Act on employment contract.
Provides that relations of the diplomatic service are regulated by the Act on the diplomatic service.
Civil Protection Act No. VIII-971 of 15 December 1998.
Act No. VIII-855 of 2 July 1998 to amend and supplement the Act to implement the Act to supplement section 29 of the Act on employment contract (Text No. 284).
Provides that the Act to supplement section 29 of the Act on employment contract applies to several categories of workers (inter alia, those employed in the public service, tax inspection, customs, State control, police, banks).
Act No. VIII-741 of 14 May 1998 to amend and supplement sections 1 and 36 of the Act on employment contract (Text No. 358).
Amends provisions relating to employment contracts of persons in military service.
Law on the Organisation of the National Defence System and Military Service (No. VIII-723).
Comprehensive legislation on National Defence System and Military Service. Sets forth fundamentals of organisation, command and control of the National Defence System, and establishes procedures for the fulfilment and support of military service and civilian service within the National Defence System.
Act No. VIII-99 of 23 January 1997 to implement the Act to supplement section 29 of the Act on employment contract (Text No. 74).
Provides for the application of the Act to several categories of employees (as civil servants, officials of the fiscal inspection, the customs, the State control, the procurator's office, the police, and the Bank of Lithuania).
Act No. I-1581 of 9 October 1996 on basic principles of wage payment for leaders of the State and the Government, members of the Parliament, employees of State institutions and organizations, and of self-government institutions and organizations (Text No. 58).
Establishes a complete system of evaluation, tarification and payment taking into account work complexity, social significance, responsibilities, working conditions, as well as qualifications and labour results.
Act No. I-1549 of 25 September 1996 to supplement section 1 of the Act on employment contract (Text No. 565).
Amends section 1 related to specificities of conclusion, modification and termination of contracts of several categories of workers. Adds "the militaries" to the list.
Lithuania - Public and civil servants - Regulation, Decree, Ordinance
Decree No. 767 of 26 June 1996 to approve Regulations on the increase of public servants' qualifications (Text No. 411).
Adoption: 1996-06-26 | LTU-1996-R-46511
Provides, inter alia, for duration, forms and methods of upgrading, functions of personnel departments of State institutions in this field, establishments specialized in upgrading.
Decree No. 1242 of 15 September 1995 to approve Basic regulations on qualification requirements for public servants. (Text No. 540)
Provides for general and specialized qualifications required from public servants in the field of educational level, age, experience, general culture and personal qualities.
Decree No. 1140 of 21 August 1995 to supplement the Decree No. 1195 of 28 November 1994 to improve the material basis and provide incentives for workers of control institutions and of some other State institutions. (Text No. 499)
Act No. I-900 of 23 May 1995 to amend the Act on employment contract. (Text No. 489)
Amends and supplements provisions relating to the right to work of foreigners and public servants, and to termination of labour contract in circumstances independant from the worker.
Act No. I-836 of 4 April 1995 on public servants. (Text No. 286)
Establishes conditions of service, rights and responsibilities, hours of work and social guarantees.
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text:
\section{Motivation}

The axial form factor of the nucleon $G_{\rm A}(Q^2)$ plays a central role in
understanding the quasi-elastic part of GeV-scale neutrino-nucleus cross sections.
These cross sections must be known with few-percent uncertainties~\cite{Ruso:2022qes}
to enable a reliable reconstruction of the incident neutrino energy
in the upcoming long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments
DUNE~\cite{DUNE:2015lol} and T2HK~\cite{Hyper-Kamiokande:2018ofw}.
Lattice QCD determinations of $G_{\rm A}(Q^2)$~\cite{Meyer:2022mix} are crucial,
as currently available experimental measurements of the form factor fall short of the
required precision~\cite{Bernard:2001rs}.

Here we summarize the Mainz group's recent calculation of
$G_{\rm A}(Q^2)$ \cite{Djukanovic:2022wru} for momentum transfers up to
$0.7\,{\rm GeV}^2$ using lattice simulations with dynamical up, down and strange
quarks with an O($a$) improved Wilson fermion action. We employ a new analysis
method that simultaneously handles the issues of the excited-state contamination
and the description of the form factor's $Q^2$ dependence.

\section{Methodology}

The matrix elements of the local isovector axial current
$A^{a}_{\mu}(x) = \bar\psi \gamma_\mu\gamma_5\frac{\tau^a}{2}\psi$
between single-nucleon states are  parameterized by two form factors: the axial form
factor $G_{\rm A}(Q^2)$, and the induced pseudoscalar form factor $G_{\rm P}(Q^2)$. We
focus on calculating the axial form factor, which can be extracted from the current
component orthogonal to the momentum transfer.

The setup for the lattice calculation in this project \cite{Djukanovic:2022wru} is
very similar to the one used in the case of the electromagnetic
form factors \cite{Djukanovic:2021cgp}.
The nucleon two- and three-point functions are computed as
\begin{align}
\label{Eq:C2ptC3pt}
C_2(\vec{p},t) =& a^3\sum_{\vec{x}} e^{i\vec{p}\cdot\vec{x}} \Gamma_{\beta\alpha} \Big\langle \Psi^\alpha(t,\vec{x})\overline{\Psi}^\beta(0)\Big\rangle, \\
 C_{3}(\vec{q},t,t_s) =& -i a^6\sum_{\vec{x},\vec{y}}
e^{i\vec{q}\cdot\vec{y}} \Gamma_{\beta\alpha} \frac{\vec q\times \vec s}{|\vec q\times \vec s|^2}
\Big\langle \Psi^\alpha(t_s,\vec{x}) \vec q\times \vec A^{a=3}(t,\vec{y}) \overline{\Psi}^\beta(0)\Big\rangle,
\nonumber
\end{align}
where $t_s$ is the source-sink separation in the time direction, $\Psi^\alpha(\vec{x},t)$ denotes the proton interpolating
operator and $\Gamma = \frac{1}{2}(1 + \gamma_0)(1 + i \gamma_5 \vec s\cdot \vec\gamma)$ is the projection matrix.
We set $\vec s = \vec e_3$, aligning the nucleon spin along the $x_3$-axis.

\subsection{Summation method + $z$-expansion}

The accessible momentum transfers are discrete, and for
a given value of $\mathfrak{q}= {2\pi |\vec n|}/{L}$, we perform averages of the two-point functions
over all spatial momenta $\vec q$ of the same norm $\mathfrak{q}$.
We then use the ratio
\begin{equation}
\label{Eq:ratio}
 R(\vec{q},t,t_s) \equiv \frac{C_{3}(\vec{q},t,t_s)}{\overline C_2(0,t_s)} \sqrt{ \frac{\overline C_2(|\vec{q}|,t_s-t)\overline C_2(0,t)\overline C_2(0,t_s)}{\overline C_2(0,t_s-t)\overline C_2(|\vec{q}|,t)\overline C_2(|\vec{q}|,t_s)}}
\end{equation}
to construct a momentum-averaged estimator for $ G_{\rm A}(Q^2)$,
\begin{equation}
G^{\rm eff}_{\rm A}(\mathfrak{q}; t,t_s) = \sqrt{\frac{2 E_{\mathfrak{q}}}{m+E_{\mathfrak{q}}}}
\sum_{|\vec q|=\mathfrak{q}} R(\vec{q},t,t_s) \Big/
\Big(\sum_{|\vec q|=\mathfrak{q}} 1 \Big).
\end{equation}
Here $m$ is the nucleon mass and $E_{\mathfrak{q}}$ its energy.
These effective form factors are then used to construct the summed insertion
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:summation}
S(\mathfrak{q},t_s) \equiv a \sum_{t=a}^{t_s-a}  G^{\rm eff}_{\rm A}(\mathfrak{q}; t,t_s)
\stackrel{t_s\to\infty}{=} b_0(\mathfrak{q}) + t_s   G_{\rm A}(Q^2) + \dots
\end{equation}
with momentum transfer $Q^2 = \mathfrak{q}^2 - (m-E_{\mathfrak{q}})^2$. The excited states, indicated by the ellipsis,
are of order $e^{-\Delta t_s}$ and $t_s e^{-\Delta t_s}$, with $\Delta$ the energy gap above
the single-nucleon state.

To extract the form factor $G_{\rm A}(Q^2)$, we parametrize it from the
outset via the $z$-expansion
\begin{equation}\label{Eq:zexp}
  G_{\rm A}(Q^2) = \sum^{n_{\rm max}}_{n=0} a_n z^n(Q^2),\quad
  z(Q^2)  = \frac{\sqrt{t_{\rm cut} + Q^2} - \sqrt{t_{\rm cut}} }{\sqrt{t_{\rm cut} + Q^2} + \sqrt{t_{\rm cut}}},
\end{equation}
fitting simultaneously the $\mathfrak{q}$ and $t_s$ dependence of $S(\mathfrak{q},t_s)$.
Here $t_{\rm cut} =  (3M_\pi^{\rm phys})^2$, and both the offsets $b_0(\mathfrak{q})$ (independent for each
$\mathfrak{q}$) and the coefficients $a_n$ are fit parameters.
We set $n_{\rm max} =2$ in our main analysis, and test that setting $n_{\rm max} =3$
gives consistent results. In the future, we will also consider parametrizing the $\mathfrak{q}$
dependence of $b_0(\mathfrak{q})$.

\subsection{Choice of source-sink separation}

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.98\columnwidth]{E250_compare_tsepmin_v2.pdf}
\caption{Illustration of averaging over the minimum source-sink separation $t_{s}^{\mathrm{min}}$ in
  the summation method for the near-physical pion mass ensemble E250. We perform the $z$-expansion fits
  for each ensemble starting at different values of $t_{s}^{\mathrm{min}}$. The results for coefficients
  $a_0$, $a_1$ and $a_2$ are shown here as the blue squares. The bands represent the smooth-window
  averages over $t_{s}^{\mathrm{min}}$, and the solid red line shows the weight function
  (arbitrarily normalized for visibility), which is applied to all three coefficients.}
\label{fig:tsep_min_average_E250}
\end{figure}

We perform fits to $S(\mathfrak{q},t_s)$ including all values of $t_s\geq t_s^{\textrm{min}}$, requiring that
at least two $t_s$ values enter the fit (and also requiring $n_\textrm{dof} > 0$).
At small values of $t_s$, contributions from excited states are expected to be significant, whereas at
large $t_s$ the signal-to-noise ratio becomes poor.
This leaves us with a relatively small window of starting values $t_s^{\textrm{min}}$ that can be used.
Rather than choosing a single $t_s^{\textrm{min}}$, we average the fit results $a_n(t_s^{\textrm{min}})$
over all values $t_s^{\textrm{min}}$, using a `smooth window' function $f(t_s^{\textrm{min}})$,
\begin{equation}
a_n = \sum_{t_s^{\textrm{min}}}  f(t_s^{\textrm{min}}) a_n(t_s^{\textrm{min}}) \Big/
\Big(\sum_{t_s^{\textrm{min}}} f(t_s^{\textrm{min}})\Big),\quad
f(\tau) = \tanh{\left(\frac{\tau -t_w^{\textrm{low}}}{\Delta t_w}\right)}-
\tanh{\left(\frac{\tau -t_w^{\textrm{up}}}{\Delta t_w}\right)},
\label{eq:smoothwindow}
\end{equation}
as a weight factor.
We choose $t_w^{\textrm{low}}=0.8$~fm, $t_w^{\textrm{up}}=1.0$\;fm and $\Delta t_w=0.08$\;fm.
The average represents very well what one would identify as
a plateau in the fit results, as illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:tsep_min_average_E250}.

\section{Lattice ensembles}

We use a set of fourteen CLS $N_f=2+1$ ensembles~\cite{Bruno:2014jqa} that have been generated
with non-perturbatively $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved Wilson
fermions~\cite{Sheikholeslami:1985ij,Bulava:2013cta}
and the tree-level improved L\"uscher-Weisz gauge action~\cite{Luscher:1984xn}.
They cover the range of lattice spacings from $0.050$\;fm to $0.086$\;fm and pion masses
from about $350~\textrm{MeV}$ down to $130~\textrm{MeV}$.
Details of these ensembles, including the number of configurations, the number
of measurements and the number of available source-sink separations $t_s$, are listed in Table~\ref{tab:ensembles}.
All ensembles used in this study have a fairly large volume, as indicated by $M_\pi L\gtrsim 4$.

\begin{table}
 \centering
  \begin{tabular}{lcccccccccr}
   \hline\hline
   ID  & $\beta$ & $T/a$ & $L/a$ & $\!\!M_\pi/\textrm{MeV}$ & $M_\pi L$ & $\!\!M_N/\textrm{GeV}$ & $N_\mathrm{conf}$ & $N_\mathrm{meas}$ & $t_s~[\textrm{fm}]$ & $N_{t_s}$ \\
   \hline\hline
   H102 & 3.40 &  96 & 32 & 354 & 4.96 & 1.103 & 2005 &  32080 & 0.35..1.47 & 14 \\
   H105 & 3.40 &  96 & 32 & 280 & 3.93 & 1.045 & 1027 &  49296 & 0.35..1.47 & 14 \\
   C101 & 3.40 &  96 & 48 & 225 & 4.73 & 0.980 & 2000 &  64000 & 0.35..1.47 & 14 \\
   N101 & 3.40 & 128 & 48 & 281 & 5.91 & 1.030 & 1596 &  51072 & 0.35..1.47 & 14 \\
   \hline
   S400 & 3.46 & 128 & 32 & 350 & 4.33 & 1.130 & 2873 &  45968 & 0.31..1.53 &  9 \\
   N451 & 3.46 & 128 & 48 & 286 & 5.31 & 1.045 & 1011 & 129408 & 0.31..1.53 &  9 \\
   D450 & 3.46 & 128 & 64 & 216 & 5.35 & 0.978 &  500 &  64000 & 0.31..1.53 & 17 \\
   \hline
   N203 & 3.55 & 128 & 48 & 346 & 5.41 & 1.112 & 1543 &  24688 & 0.26..1.41 & 10 \\
   N200 & 3.55 & 128 & 48 & 281 & 4.39 & 1.063 & 1712 &  20544 & 0.26..1.41 & 10 \\
   D200 & 3.55 & 128 & 64 & 203 & 4.22 & 0.966 & 2000 &  64000 & 0.26..1.41 & 10 \\
   E250 & 3.55 & 192 & 96 & 129 & 4.04 & 0.928 &  400 & 102400 & 0.26..1.41 & 10 \\
   \hline
   N302 & 3.70 & 128 & 48 & 348 & 4.22 & 1.146 & 2201 &  35216 & 0.20..1.40 & 13 \\
   J303 & 3.70 & 192 & 64 & 260 & 4.19 & 1.048 & 1073 &  17168 & 0.20..1.40 & 13 \\
   E300 & 3.70 & 192 & 96 & 174 & 4.21 & 0.962 &  570 &  18240 & 0.20..1.40 & 13 \\
   \hline\hline
   \vspace*{0.1cm}
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{Overview of ensembles used in the study. The values $\beta=3.40$, $3.46$, $3.55$
    and $3.70$ correspond to lattice spacings $a\approx 0.086$, $0.076$, $0.064$ and $0.050~\textrm{fm}$,
    respectively~\cite{Bruno:2016plf}. Columns $T/a$ and $L/a$ give the temporal and spatial
    size of the lattice, and $M_\pi$ and $M_N$ are the pion and nucleon masses. $N_\mathrm{conf}$
    is the number of configurations used for each ensemble, and in column $N_\mathrm{meas}$ we
    list the number of measurements done at the largest source-sink separation. $N_{t_s}$ is
    the number of available source-sink separations in the range listed in column $t_s$. For
  more details see~\cite{Djukanovic:2022wru}.}
 \label{tab:ensembles}
\end{table}

\section{Global fit}

To obtain the form factor at the physical point, the $a_n$ are extrapolated to the continuum
and interpolated to the physical pion mass, at which point the form factor may be evaluated
at any $q^2$ in the chosen expansion interval $[0,\;0.7\,{\rm GeV}^2]$.

For the extrapolation to the continuum, we include a term linear in $a^2$ for each of the coefficients.
For the extrapolation in pion mass, we use the following three ans\"atze:
\begin{enumerate}
\item
  Linear in $M_\pi^2$ for all coefficients $a_n$.

\item
  Again linear in $M_\pi^2$ for coefficients $a_1$ and $a_2$,
  and an extended ansatz containing a chiral logarithm for the zeroth coefficient:
  \begin{equation*}
    a_0 = g_a^{(0)}+g_a^{(1)}M_{\pi}^2+g_a^{(3)}M_{\pi}^3-g_a^{(2)}M_{\pi}^2\ln{\frac{M_{\pi}}{M_N}},
  \end{equation*}
  with $g_a^{(1)} = 4d_{16}-(g_a^{(0)})^3/(16\pi^2 F_\pi^2$, $g_a^{(2)} = g_a^{(0)}\left(1+2(g_a^{(0)})^2\right)/(8\pi^2 F_\pi^2)$,
  and $g_a^{(3)} = g_a^{(0)}\left(1+(g_a^{(0)})^2\right)/(8\pi F_\pi^2 M_N)-g_a^{(0)}\Delta_{c_3,c_4}/(6\pi F_\pi^2)$.
  Here  $M_N=938.92~\textrm{MeV}$ is the nucleon mass, $F_\pi=92.42~\textrm{MeV}$ is the pion decay constant~\cite{Schindler:2006it},
  and $\Delta_{c_3,c_4}=c_3-2c_4$ is a combination of low-energy constants $c_3$ and $c_4$. The free fit parameters for
  the zeroth coefficient's chiral extrapolation are $g_a^{(0)}$, $d_{16}$ and $\Delta_{c_3,c_4}$.

\item
  Same as ansatz~2, but including $M_\pi^3$ terms for coefficients $a_1$ and $a_2$.

\end{enumerate}
Note that, while the coefficients $a_n$ do not have common fit parameters, they are correlated
within an ensemble: these correlations are taken into account in the fits.

To check for possible finite-size effects (FSE), we include a term~\cite{Beane:2004rf}
  $\frac{M_{\pi}^2}{\sqrt{M_{\pi}L}}\mathrm{e}^{-M_{\pi}L}$
for the zeroth coefficient $a_0$  in some of the extrapolation fits. We do not observe a strong dependence
on the volume.
Finite-size effects can also be inspected directly by comparing our results of the $z$-expansion fits on two ensembles,
H105 and N101, which differ only by their physical volume.
We find that
the coefficients $a_n$ agree well, confirming that finite-size effects are small at the current level of
precision.

We perform multiple extrapolations  using these different fit ans\"atze  with
pion mass cuts $M_{\pi} < M_{\pi}^{\rm cut}$ with $M_{\pi}^{\rm cut} =$ 300, 285, 265 and 250 MeV,
as well as dropping data from the coarsest lattice spacing, to get a handle on systematic effects.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.49\columnwidth]{a0_a1_fits_and_AIC.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.49\columnwidth]{a2_rA_fits_and_AIC.pdf}
\caption{AIC average and the corresponding cumulative distribution function for all coefficients
$a_0$, $a_1$, $a_2$, and the mean square radius $\langle r_A^2\rangle$ (in fm$^2$ units).}
\label{fig:a0_rA_AIC}
\end{figure}

\section{Model average (AIC)}

Since the different fit ans\"atze and cuts can be equally well motivated,
we perform a weighted average~\cite{Jay:2020jkz} over the resulting $a_n$. The Akaike Information
Criterion (AIC)~\cite{Akaike} is used to provide the weight to different analyses and to estimate
the systematic error associated with the variations of the global fit. Different variations of
the AIC weights have been used over the years, and we choose~\cite{Borsanyi:2020mff}
  $w^{\textrm{AIC}}=N\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{1}{2}\left(\chi^2+2n_{\textrm{par}}-n_{\textrm{data}}\right)}$,
where each fit is characterized by the minimum  $\chi^2$, the number of fit parameters $n_{\textrm{par}}$
and the number of data points $n_{\textrm{data}}$.
Here $N$ normalizes the weights so that their sum is 1.

The corresponding cumulative distribution functions $P(a_n)$ of the coefficients $a_n$ and of
the mean square radius $\langle r_A^2\rangle$ are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:a0_rA_AIC}.
The full uncertainties, which are shown by the blue error bands, are determined by the
limits $P(a_n)=0.16$ and $P(a_n)=0.84$. The AIC procedure is also used to distinguish
the statistical and systematic components of the total uncertainty, following the
prescription proposed in~\cite{Borsanyi:2020mff}.

\section{Results}

Our results  for the coefficients of the $z$-expansion (Eq.~\eqref{Eq:zexp} with $t_{\rm cut}=(3M_{\pi^0})^2$)
of the nucleon axial form factor in the continuum and at the physical pion mass are
\begin{align}
  a_0 =& \quad\: 1.225 \pm 0.039 \textrm{ (stat)} \pm 0.025 \textrm{ (syst)}, \nonumber \\
  a_1 =& -1.274 \pm 0.237 \textrm{ (stat)} \pm 0.070 \textrm{ (syst)}, \label{eq:results_ai} \\
  a_2 =& -0.379 \pm 0.592 \textrm{ (stat)} \pm 0.179 \textrm{ (syst)}, \nonumber
\end{align}
with a correlation matrix
\begin{equation}
M_{\textrm{corr}} = \left(\!
\begin{array}{rrr}
 1.00000 & -0.67758 &  0.61681 \\
-0.67758 &  1.00000 & -0.91219 \\
 0.61681 & -0.91219 &  1.00000
\end{array} \,\right).
\end{equation}

This leads to the mean square radius
$\langle r^2_A \rangle = (0.370 \pm 0.063 \textrm{ (stat)} \pm 0.016 \textrm{ (syst)} )~\textrm{fm}^2$,
which is in good agreement with other lattice QCD determinations
-- see Fig.~\ref{fig:rAsq_and_FF}. The comparison features only lattice calculations with a
full error budget, including a continuum extrapolation: The NME21 result is from~\cite{Park:2021ypf},
and the RQCD20 result is from~\cite{RQCD:2019jai}.
Both studies parameterize the $Q^2$ dependence of the form factor using a $z$-expansion (RQCD
also use a dipole ansatz as an alternative parameterization, the result of which is not shown
in the figure). Other lattice
calculations~\cite{Jang:2019vkm,Alexandrou:2020okk,Shintani:2018ozy,Ishikawa:2021eut,Hasan:2017wwt}
also exist with partial error budgets.
For comparison, we show the average of the values obtained from $z$-expansion
fits to neutrino scattering and muon capture measurements~\cite{Hill:2017wgb}. Our result also agrees well
with the earlier two-flavour calculation by the Mainz group~\cite{Capitani:2017qpc}, and with
a more recent analysis~\cite{Schulz:2021kwz} by the same group that has
been obtained via the conventional two-step process of first determining the form factor at discrete
$Q^2$ values and then parameterizing it using a $z$-expansion.

The axial charge $g_A= a_0$ is in good agreement with our previous determination~\cite{Harris:2019bih}
based on forward nucleon matrix elements only. Since that method tends to yield more precise results
for a given data set,
we do not view the present determination of $g_A$ as superseding that of Ref.~\cite{Harris:2019bih},
and merely perform the comparison as a consistency check.

Finally, we compare our result for the axial form factor to data
from pion electroproduction experiments~\cite{Bernard:2001rs} and to a $z$-expansion fit
to neutrino-Deuterium scattering data~\cite{Meyer:2016oeg} in Fig.~\ref{fig:rAsq_and_FF}.
Our result agrees well with other lattice QCD calculations, as can be seen by comparing
this figure to Fig.~3 in the recent review~\cite{Meyer:2022mix}. However, there is a tension with the
axial form factor extracted from experimental deuterium bubble chamber data~\cite{Meyer:2016oeg},
especially at large $Q^2$. According to the authors of the Snowmass White Paper on
Neutrino Scattering Measurements~\cite{Alvarez-Ruso:2022ctb}, this discrepancy suggests
that a 30-40\% increase would be needed in the nucleon quasielastic cross section
for the two results to match. They also note that recent high-statistics data on nuclear targets
cannot directly resolve such discrepancies due to nuclear modeling uncertainties.

\begin{figure}
\subfloat[][]{
\includegraphics[trim={0mm -2.5mm 0mm 2.3mm},clip,width=0.389\columnwidth]{rAsq_comparison_plot.pdf}}
\subfloat[][]{
\includegraphics[trim={0mm 2mm 2mm 2.4mm},clip,width=0.598\columnwidth]{ff_vs_qsq_exptl_data.pdf}}
\caption{(a): Comparison of lattice determinations of the mean square radius
$\langle r_\text{A}^2\rangle$, from Refs.~\cite{Park:2021ypf}
(NME21) and \cite{RQCD:2019jai} (RQCD20), which have full error budget (chiral and
  continuum extrapolation).
  The point labeled Hill et al. is  an average of the values obtained from $z$-expansion
fits to neutrino scattering and muon capture \cite{Hill:2017wgb}.
The smaller error bars with solid lines show the statistical errors, whereas
the wider error bars with dashed lines show the total errors (including systematic
uncertainties).
(b): Comparing our result for the axial form factor to data from pion electroproduction
experiments~\cite{Bernard:2001rs} (normalized by the PDG value for the axial charge~\cite{PDG2022})
and to a $z$-expansion fit to neutrino-Deuterium scattering
  data~\cite{Meyer:2016oeg}. There is a clear tension between the lattice QCD result and the
  $z$-expansion extracted from deuterium bubble chamber data, especially at large $Q^2$. The
  darker blue error band highlights the $Q^2$ range of our lattice data.
}
\label{fig:rAsq_and_FF}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary and conclusions}

In this report, we have given a summary of the Mainz group's recent publication~\cite{Djukanovic:2022wru},
which introduced a new method to extract the axial form factor of the nucleon.
It combines two well-known methods into one analysis step:
the summation method, which ensures that excited-state effects
are sufficiently suppressed, and the $z$-expansion, which provides the parameterization of
the $Q^2$ dependence of the form factor. Our main results are the coefficients of the
$z$-expansion, given in Eq.~(\ref{eq:results_ai}).
Systematic effects are included through AIC weighted average, which also
provides the break-up into statistical and systematic uncertainties and
the correlations among the coefficients.

We observe good agreement with other lattice QCD determinations of the
axial form factor, which confirms and strengthens the tension with the shape of the
form factor extracted from deuterium bubble chamber data. Comparing our
result for $a_0\equiv G_{\rm A}(0)$  to the Particle Data
Group (PDG) value for the axial charge, $g_A = 1.2754(13)$ \cite{PDG2022},
which can be viewed as a benchmark, we find agreement at the
$1.1\,\sigma$ level. Also, previously, a good overall agreement was found for
the isovector vector form factors~\cite{Djukanovic:2021cgp} with
phenomenological determinations, which are far more precise than in
the axial-vector case. This all adds confidence to the finding that
the nucleon axial form factor falls off less steeply
than previously thought.

\acknowledgments{We thank Tim Harris, who was involved in the early
  stages of this project.
  This work was supported in part by the European Research Council (ERC) under the
  European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program
  through Grant Agreement No.\ 771971-SIMDAMA and by the Deutsche
  Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through the Collaborative Research
  Center SFB~1044 ``The low-energy frontier of the Standard Model'',
  under grant HI~2048/1-2 (Project No.\ 399400745) and in the Cluster
  of Excellence "Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions and
  Structure of Matter" (PRISMA+ EXC 2118/1) funded by the DFG within
  the German Excellence strategy (Project ID 39083149).

  Calculations for this project were partly performed on the HPC
  clusters ``Clover'' and ``HIMster2'' at the Helmholtz Institute Mainz,
  and ``Mogon 2'' at Johannes Gutenberg-Universit\"at Mainz.
  The authors gratefully acknowledge the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing e.V.
  (www.gauss-centre.eu) for funding this project by providing computing
  time on the GCS Supercomputer systems JUQUEEN and JUWELS at J\"ulich
  Supercomputing Centre (JSC) via grants NUCSTRUCLFL, CHMZ23, CHMZ21 and CHMZ36 (the latter
  through the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC)), as well as
  on the GCS Supercomputer HAZELHEN at H\"ochstleistungsrechenzentrum
  Stuttgart (www.hlrs.de) under project GCS-HQCD.

Our programs use the QDP++ library~\cite{Edwards:2004sx} and deflated SAP+GCR
solver from the openQCD package~\cite{Luscher:2012av}, while the contractions
have been explicitly checked using~\cite{Djukanovic:2016spv}. We are grateful to
our colleagues in the CLS initiative for sharing the gauge field configurations.
}

\bibliographystyle{JHEP}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
On Believing 2 Things at Once About Edward Snowden
Jeffrey Toobin is not a fan of Edward Snowden:
The assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr., and Robert F. Kennedy led directly to the passage of a historic law, the Gun Control Act of 1968. Does that change your view of the assassinations? Should we be grateful for the deaths of these two men?
Of course not. That's lunatic logic. But the same reasoning is now being applied to the actions of Edward Snowden. Yes, the thinking goes, Snowden may have violated the law, but the outcome has been so worthwhile. According to Glenn Greenwald, the journalist who was one of the primary vehicles for Snowden's disclosures, Snowden "is very pleased with the debate that is arising in
many countries around the world on Internet privacy and U.S. spying. It is exactly the debate he wanted to inform."
The rest of Toobin's piece is surprisingly unpersuasive, but the question he asks above is a worthwhile one. Leaving aside the obvious provocation of his assassination analogy, he's asking whether any of us think that we should actively approve of what Snowden did just because we like the results. And if we do, does that mean we think that anyone working in the intelligence community who dislikes America's surveillance policies should feel free to disclose whatever information they feel like?
For anyone who's not already a full-blown Snowden hater or defender, this may seem like a troubling question. But it shouldn't be. You might not know this if you subsist on a diet of cable news shouting matches, but it really is possible to believe two things at once:
Intelligence agencies are a necessary fact of life and governments have a legitimate interest in keeping their operations secret. Anyone who works in the intelligence community knows this, and knows that security breaches are a serious business that will lead to prosecution.
Americans have recently learned a lot about how pervasive our surveillance operations are, and it's laughable to think we would have learned any of it if Snowden hadn't done what he did. In the end, even if he's made some mistakes along the way, he's done a public service.
I believe both these things. I believe that 30-year-old contractors shouldn't be the ones who decide which secrets to keep and which ones to reveal. I also believe that, overall, Snowden has been fairly careful about what he's disclosed and has prompted a valuable public conversation.
So how do you prevent an epidemic of Snowdens while still allowing the salubrious sunlight of the occasional Snowden? The answer to the former is that intelligence workers need to be afraid of prosecution if they reveal classified documents. It can't be a casual act, but a deeply considered one that's worth going to prison for. The answer to the latter is that prosecution needs to be judicious. There's no question in my mind that Snowden should be prosecuted for what he did. That's the price of his actions. But he shouldn't be facing a lifetime in a Supermax cell. The charge against him shouldn't be espionage, it should be misappropriation of government property or something similar. Something that's likely to net him a year or three in a medium-security penitentiary.
In other words, I don't think Toobin's implied question is as hard as he thinks it is, especially since the rest of his piece is remarkably unconvincing about the possible damage done by Snowden. The bottom line is that I'd like to see Snowden come back to America and make a public case by standing for trial. It would be a sign of how strongly he believes that he was right to do what he did. But I can hardly expect that under the current circumstances. The wild overreaction of my own government to the notion of allowing the public even the slightest knowledge of what it's up to has made it impossible.
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