text:
by Hal Morris - Copyright 1996. May be copied, but not in any way sold without the author's permission. Comments welcomed: hal@panix.com
Link to main web page: 'Tales of the Early Republic'
_______Table of Contents_______
A New Connection Between Original and Secondary Texts
What Was the Debate About?
The American System and the Tariff
Charleston, SC, and the Nullification Movement
Robert Y. Hayne and Daniel Webster
Hayne:
Webster:
Matthew Carey's Olive Branch
A Brief Summary of the Debate:
An Outline ("sound bites") of the Debate: [see note below on "{o}", ...]
A Point by Point Paraphrase of Each Speech: [see note below on "{¶}", ...]
Robert Y. Hayne's First Speech - January 19, 1830
Webster's First Reply - January 20, 1830:
Robert Hayne's Second Speech - January 21, 1830.
Webster's Second Reply - January 26, 1830
Full Text of the Speeches as Published [see note below on "{#}", ...]
Hayne's First Speech
Webster's First Reply
Hayne's Second Speech - part 1, part 2, part 3
Webster's Second Reply - part 1, part 2, part 3, part 4
*** [ Important Note on { ¶ }, ...: The following Outline, Paraphrase, and Full Text, are extensively cross-linked, using the symbols {o} for "jump to the same point in the outline", { ¶ } for "jump to ... paraphrase", and {#} for "jump to ... Full Text". This permits a variety of strategies such as:
Reading the Full Text with an occasional jump to the paraphrase to help your understanding.
Reading the Paraphrase with occasional jumps to the Full Text to see the exact words.
Using the outline, after reading the speeches, as a way to get a clear view of the structure of the whole in your mind. ]
The Hayne-Webster Debate was an unplanned series of speeches in the Senate, during which Robert Hayne of South Carolina interpreted the Constitution as little more than a treaty between sovereign states, and Daniel Webster expressed the concept of the United States as one nation.
The debate cemented the image of Daniel Webster, as a legendary defender of Constitution and Union. It was the subject of great popular paintings, showing Webster in the golden glow of the Senate dome, his glowering eyes fixed on John C. Calhoun, who besides being a more prominent advocate of Hayne's doctrine, was the president of the Senate at the time.
Many of the 4-page weekly newspapers of the day for weeks printed little but excerpts from the debate. Niles Weekly Register, typically around twenty pages, printed it in its entirity, crowding out most other items for a month. Some papers apologized for not having printed it sooner than they did.
What did this debate mean to 19th century Americans? The modern ear cannot easily hear what it was that made Webster's oratory "godlike", yet histories of the U.S. in the early 1830s speak of it as a great event. Must we take their words for it? Or can we get some feel for it ourselves?
This work is partly an attempt to demonstrate the impact that online media - particularly the "Web", can have on the physical and conceptual accessibility of rare old texts.
It is easy to see what a few hours or days of scanning can do for the availability of particularly rare documents.
But I also claim, and hope to demonstrate, that when authors learn the art of using online media, it will change the way history is experienced by the reader. When reading secondary sources, those who wish will immediately glance at the source material which the author has cited, thus benefit from a specialist's reflections on the material, without spending hours trapped in the author's head. One can go out; walk around in the original text, and breath, and think, freely. One can say "I see what he/she means, but I would read it a little differently." Reading can become an active, creative, thought process.
The item by item paraphrase of the debate (see below), is an attempt to present a sample of that experience. It aims to provide a basic grasp, in something like an hour, of what was said in the course of several days. You can then develop a "birds eye view" of, the hundred pages or so of the actual text, while remaining as closely in touch with the original as you wish to be. At any time, you have only to "click on" a paragraph marker to enter into the actual text, developing your own sense of what was said.
This is a special case, in which the interpretive work is a very direct reflection of the original text. More typical interpretive works perform a synthesis from dozens or hundreds of sources. It would be truly exciting, I believe, if such work were done after the fashion of this work. But that can happen only when a large portion of the texts to be referenced are already online.
A debate had been going on for several days, concerning the public lands, or lands owned by the Federal government. The debate specifically concerned the resolution of Samuel Foote (of Connecticut), calling for:
"an inquiry into the expediency of abolishing the office of surveyor general of public lands, and for suspending further surveys until those already in market shall have been disposed of."
During the debate, Thomas Hart Benton, of Missouri, treated the resolution as a scheme by the northeast to restrain westward emigration, so as to retain a poor population who would work for low factory wages.
A portion of this public lands debate, consisting of two speeches each by Robert Hayne and Daniel Webster, became known as the Hayne-Webster Debate.
The coalition that supported Andrew Jackson for president had a large faction of advocates of state sovereignty; i.e. the interpretation of the Constitution as a pact between soverign states; such states having the sovereign right each to interpret the Constitution, or even to withdraw from the Union. This implied, for example, that the Supreme Court was not the arbiter of the meaning of the Constitution.
It is clear whose view eventually prevailed. Daniel Webster might have approved of the "Pledge of Allegiance", which says we are "one nation under God, indivisible". Hayne would have been appalled by it (it was written in the 1890s).
The unionist philosophy had become associated with the American System, advocated by Henry Clay and the last president, John Quincy Adams. It combined a strong sense of America as a "nation", with a policy of national internal improvements - of striving as a nation to improve the roads, canals, harbors, navigability of rivers, and, visible on the horizon, railroads. It also favored a fully diversified economy; the equal of any industrialized nation; whereas the U.S. currently lagged far behind England and the rest of Europe.
The protective tariff played a key role in the American System. It was supposed to protect developing industries from overseas factories, which were well-established, and drew on a poorly paid work force.
The tariff was also a major source of Federal revenue (the only other one being land sales) for subsidizing transportation works. Water had always been the only inexpensive means of moving goods. But during the War of 1812, ships could not move up and down the coast safely; forcing even coastal areas to use the terrible roads of the time to obtain necessities.
A transportation network would allow the foodstuffs of the new western farmlands to be exchanged with the manufactured goods of the east, giving both a stake in a vigorous national economy. The west would then become an integral part of a great unified nation, rather than an scattering of lonely outposts. The American System thus had a strong following in the west among men who favored any kind of progress.
The economies and interests of eastern port cities were changing rapidly; with the exception, that is, of southern port cities like Charleston, South Carolina. In pre-industrial times, port cities were dominated by mercantile interests; i.e. shipping and trading, as opposed to manufacturing. The trade had mostly been of American raw materials: cotton and sugar in the south especially, for manufactured and luxury goods from overseas.
As American factory interests grew, particularly in the northeast, there were more voices in favor of protective tariffs, to help American manufactures sell by making the foreign goods more expensive.
The mercantile interests of upper New England were somewhat slow to give way to the manufacturing interests, leaving Daniel Webster vulnerable to the charge of having recently opposed the tariff, which he now defended.
Charleston was the great port city of South Carolina, and dominated the state to an unusual degree. Though it had some manufacturing; it was still largely a mercantile port city. It was not surrounded by factory towns, as were the port cities of Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania.
The life of South Carolina, and of Charleston itself was heavily dominated by the planters; owners of large slave-based enterprises who wished to sell cotton and sugar to the large markets of Europe, in exchange for goods that Europe had to offer. The fact that many such European goods fell under the tariff was depressing the trade of Charleston, and made life more expensive for the planters.
The anti-tariff sentiment had reached a very high pitch in South Carolina. At one time, U.S. cotton growth was mostly for domestic use, and cotton growers called for protection against cheaper cotton from India, but Indian cotton was no longer the planters' great concern. With American cotton flooding the market, largely from the newer southwestern states, and the fertility of southeastern soil declining, South Carolinians was in an economic vise, and wanted some kind of relief.
Senator Robert Y. Hayne, who represented South Carolina in the Senate, was intimately involved with a particular offshoot of the state sovereignty philosophy -- the nullification movement. The state had recently held a special convention whose resolution made a radical reinterpretation of the Constitution. It outlined a set of procedures by means of which a state could declare a federal law, such as the tariff law, "null, and no law", and procede to disregard it.
The legal scholar who wrote the rationalle for nullification was John C. Calhoun. As Vice President, of the U.S., he played an ever-present role as President of the Senate. Indeed the habit in those days was to speak as if directly to him, as "Mr. President". Calhoun's authorship of the nullification manifesto, known as the Exposition and Protest, was supposedly a secret, and it was at odds with his strong nationalistic views of a few years ago. Webster says at one point:
"From nothing ever said to me, Sir, have I had reason to know of any change in the opinions of the person filling the chair of the Senate," [click here to see the quote in context]
thus making a clear jibe at the poorly kept secret of Calhoun's role as constitutional theorist of the nullification movement.
A useful introduction to the topic is William W. Freeling's 1965,6 study Prelude to Civil War.
Robert Hayne had been in the Senate since 1823, having entered at the age of 32. His record there shows him constantly on guard against threats and perceived threats to the institution of slavery; including denunciation of the American Colonization Society. He said that it depressed the slave market by casting doubt on its future [Road to Disunion, p160]. He and other Jacksonians also opposed U.S. participation in a conference of the Americas, largely because it would mean dealing with black Haitian representatives as peers.
Previously, he studied law under the celebrated Langdon Cheves, had achieved captains rank in the War of 1812, and become state quartermaster general; served in the state legislature, becoming speaker, and served as Attorney General of SC from 1818-1822 .
In 1822, when he was a general (colonel?) of state militia, he directly encountered, and squelched, a well organized plan for a slave revolt in Charleston, organized by a free black artisan named Denmark Vesey. The depths of hatred of their owners by Vesey's co-conspirators shocked Carolinians. Many southerners viewed free criticism of slavery in Congress, as a dangerous incitement to slave revolts. The Vesey plot seemed to confirm that idea, since it occurred soon after very heated congressional debates, widely reported in the newspapers, over the admission of Missouri to the union as a slave state.
As a Senator, Hayne was long on record as opposing the constitutionality of a protective tariff. He would remain a Senator until 1832, when he resigned to serve as Governor of South Carolina during the winter of '32-'33, when the nullification crisis reached its peak.
Daniel Webster, though a relative newcomer to the Senate, was nationally known as a great orator. Called, at times "Godlike Dan Webster", and at other times "Black Dan" for his swarthiness and his flaws as a human being. His flaws included a strong vanity, as well as a willingness to be helped out of financial difficulties by parties, like the Bank of the United States, who needed a certain legislative outcome.
He pled hundreds of cases before the Supreme Court, helping establish some of the greatest legal precedents of the era. His reputed invincibility was still well remembered in 1939 when Stephen Vincent Benet, in the story The Devil and Dan Webster, had him convincing Beelzebub and a score of lesser devils to release a man who had bargained his soul away.
Webster was carrying some unfortunate baggage. He had belonged to the Federalist Party up to its bitter end, and this party had fallen into contempt for opposing and sometimes obstructing the War of 1812. The Hartford Convention, in late 1814, had gathered representatives from all over New England, mostly Federalists, to discuss extreme measures for relieving New England from the burden of the war. Webster had no part in this, but he had been a very vocal critic of the war.
In 1825, when the four way presidential election produced no majority (but a very strong plurality for Jackson), the House of Representatives had to choose between Andrew Jackson, William H. Crawford, and John Quincy Adams. Webster and Henry Clay were both in the House at that time, Clay being both the Speaker of the House and the fourth-place candidate for president (only one of the top 3 could be selected by the house). Both men threw their weight heavily behind Adams, and were probably critical in securing his election,
This produced widespread indignation. When Clay was made Secretary of State (then considered the main stepping stone to presidency) Jackson called him the "Judas of the West". A united anti-Adams movement coalesced, putting its weight behind Andrew Jackson, and obstructing most of Adams' legislative program.
Clay, after four years in the administration was exhausted and without office, but in less than two years he would enter the Senate and run an unsuccessful campaign against Andrew Jackson in 1832.
From Clay's entry to the Senate, til around 1850, Webster, Clay, and John C. Calhoun made up what Merrill D. Peterson called The Great Triumvirate. They lead an anti-Jackson coalition in the last years of his presidency (except that Webster supported his unionism), and often greatly overshadowed the presidents of the period.
Robert Hayne's second speech looks as though he stayed up all night picking out passages from Matthew Carey's Olive Branch, a very curious book.
It was first printed in early 1815, and went into 10 printings in 3-1/2 years. Quotes extolling its merits said it was as great as Thomas Paine's Common Sense, or should be purchased by anyone who can afford one more book than the Bible.
The full title was The Olive Branch, or, Faults on Both Sides, Federal and Democratic. A Serious Appeal on the Necessity of Mutual Forgiveness and Harmony. [N.B. I am using the 10th edition; an academic reprint from the Books for Libraries Press, Freeport, NY 1969.]
As an appeal to a strong unionism, it contradicted Hayne's philosophy. But it was full of harsh words for New England Federalists, and especially for the Hartford Convention, which Hayne would use against Webster and New England.
Besides the blasts at Federalism, Hayne uses Carey's attacks on the antislavery forces of New England - for their supposedly unfair attacks on the south.
Hayne's First Speech:
He makes an overture to westerners who resent federal lands within their boundaries. His main point: They should cast the land problem in terms of state sovereignty, and ally themselves with southerners, whose opposition to the tariff was intertwined with the state sovereignty principal.
Webster's First Speech:
The public lands are being sold as fast as they can be settled. To sell them cheaper would simply put them in the hands of speculators, and very likely retard their settlement.
The current policy is necesary due to the terms under which the lands were acquired.
New England is the west's true friend, having given the northwest, at least, a rational system of land sales, and having kept slavery out of the Northwest territory. New England has voted for all western measures, while the south has voted against them.
It is from the south - indeed from Mr. McDuffie, an associate of Hayne and Calhoun, that we have heard a distinct call to restrict westward immigration, while W. himself opposed restriction.
[Speculations on the subtext of Webster's first speech]
In citing what the Northeast has done for the West, he blandly includes the keeping of slavery out of the Northwest, as if everyone would see this as a great thing. Was this designed to draw Hayne into a "labored defense of slavery"?
Hayne describes the effects of the tariff on the south, but does not use the word "tariff" -- so directly connected to nullification. But Webster uses "tariff" as if it were synonymous with the American System, and uses it over and over. Why would a unionist represent unionism by its least popular aspect? Perhaps because it draws Hayne into explicit discussion of the tariff, and a defense of nullification, which Webster wants an opportunity to attack.
It could even be that Webster heaped extravagent praise on Nathan Dane, an attendee of the Hartford Convention (see below) to tempt Hayne into the confusing position of denouncing the reviled Hartford Convention, while defending a policy not unlike that of the Hartford Convention.
Hayne responds with a flashy speech with Shakespearean allusions, and quotations from famous English orators.
He taunts Webster with the "coalition", a milder codeword for the "corrupt bargain" which was supposed to have been struck between the east (Adams) and the west (Clay), and which threw its weight behind the American System.
He accuses Webster of not having supported the American System, and of only coming to support it as part of the "bargain".
He accuses Webster of inconsistency about whether the public lands should be used to generate revenue or not.
He attacks Nathan Dane and other New Englanders who sought to weaken the union in order to escape the special burdens they suffered in the War of 1812.
He defends slavery and attacks its enemies. He quotes a curious passage of Edmund Burke warning the English Parliament that for slaveholders "Freedom is ... not only an enjoyment, but a kind of rank and privilege", and, that being the case they will be that much more intransigent in defense of liberty.
He finally defends "the Carolina [nullification - a word he avoids] Doctrine". He tried to stand on high ground behind (his interpretation at least) of Jefferson and Madison, but he defending it nonetheless.
Webster's Second Speech
He makes a witty insinuation that Hayne's speech had literally caused him to "lose his bearings", and he must start by regaining them.
He warms up by parrying several petty accusations by Hayne.
He defended his consistency on the public lands issue.
He counters the claim that N.Eng.'s support for the West was bought by the "corrupt bargain".
He describes the origins of the American System and how South Carolina was at first strongly behind it.
He defends his consistency on the tariff and accuses the south of inconsistency.
He accuses Hayne of both excoriating the Hartford Convention and using it as a precedent.
He makes a direct argument against nullification theory.
He contrasts New England's response to the embargo, which he describes as thoroughly constititional, against that advocated in the nullification doctrine.
He returns to the direct attack on nullification.
He describes a scenario of Hayne and the SC militia trying to stop the customs, and argues how it would lead to civil war.
He paints a frightful and dramatic picture of what will happen if the Union falls apart, and praises "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!".
In response to a rejoinder by Hayne, he logically refutes the derivation of nullification doctrine from the premise that the constitution is a compact between the states.


text:
Q: Scrape ESPN Current week NFL lines into a pandas dataframe The following code is only returning the first game. I would like to get all the Week 5 games and lines into a dataframe. Thanks in advance.
import pandas as pd # library for data analysis
import requests # library to handle requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup # library to parse HTML documents

# get the response in the form of html
url="https://www.espn.com/nfl/lines"
response=requests.get(url)

# parse data from the html into a beautifulsoup object
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text,'html.parser')
indiatable=soup.find('section',{'class':"Card"})

df=pd.read_html(str(indiatable))
# convert list to dataframe
df=pd.DataFrame(df[0])
print(df.head())

df

           9:30 AM    REC (ATS)  LINE  OPEN   ML    FPI
0    New York Jets  1-3 (1-3-0)  45.0  43.5  130  42.8%
1  Atlanta Falcons  1-3 (1-3-0)  -2.5  -2.5 -150  56.9%
Out[85]:
9:30 AM REC (ATS)   LINE    OPEN    ML  FPI
0   New York Jets   1-3 (1-3-0) 45.0    43.5    130 42.8%
1   Atlanta Falcons 1-3 (1-3-0) -2.5    -2.5    -150    56.9%

A: The data you are looking for can be fetched using API call.
Just iterate over the response and build the df(s)
See below
import requests

url = 'https://site.web.api.espn.com/apis/v2/scoreboard/header?sport=football&league=nfl&region=us&lang=en&contentorigin=espn&buyWindow=1m&showAirings=buy%2Clive%2Creplay&showZipLookup=true&tz=America/New_York'

r = requests.get(url)
if r.status_code == 200:
  print(r.json())
else:
  print(f'Oops - status code is {r.status_code}')

A: You can use only pandas for this:
dfs = pd.read_html("https://www.espn.com/nfl/lines")

dfs - list of dataframes
To merge on single DataFrame:
df = pd.concat(dfs)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Interventional radiology is a rapidly growing area of medicine. Interventional radiologists (IRs) are physicians who specialize in minimally invasive, targeted treatments performed using imaging guidance. Interventional radiology procedures is an advancement in medicine that replace open surgical procedures. They are generally easier for the patient because they involve no large incisions, less risk, less pain and shorter recovery times.
Interventional radiologists use their expertise in reading X-ray, ultrasound and other medical images to guide small instruments such as catheters (tubes that measure just a few millimeters in diameter) through the blood vessels or other pathways to treat disease percutaneously (through the skin). These procedures are typically much less invasive and much less costly than traditional surgery.
For more information about Interventional Radiology, please call (907) 212-3065. For more information about Providence Radiology Services, please call (907) 212-3641. To find general information and specific health topics, visit our online health library.


iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad benchmarks - Updated Daily!
PassMark Software, the leader in PC benchmarks, now brings you benchmarks for iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad devices. The results from users of PassMark's PerformanceTest Mobile app have been collected from various phones and posted to this web site. The generated chart is updated daily with new submissions.
iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad Benchmark results ("Baselines") were gathered from users' submissions to the PassMark web site as well as from internal testing. PerformanceTest Mobile conducts 17 different tests spanning 5 test suties to determine a devices PassMark rating. Submitted PassMark ratings are then averaged and to determine the Mobile PassMark rating for a system seen on the charts.
Rarely is a graph completely accurate in what it is representing. There are many factors that can skew the results and make a graph misleading. As such it is necessary to have some background understanding of the data being presented.
Start PerformanceTest then from the select the button "Run Benchmark".
Once the tests have run select the button "Submit Results".
Your results will not appear in the graphs immediately as the graphs are only updated once per day. Additionally, only iPhone devices of which there are at least two samples are included in the graphs.


Get the new parents in your life a gift you know they'll be able to use.
Shopping for babies is tough! Have they already been given a copy of The Very Hungry Caterpillar? Are they actually going to get much wear out of that adorable sailor outfit? Our Mini New Mom and Baby Gift Set has stuff they'll both definitely need. For baby: a jar of super-moisturizing, petrolatum-free body butter and a mini diaper rash cream stick. For mom: a mini lotion stick and a lip balm. Available in May 2019.
You can choose the scents for the mini lotion stick and the lip balm. If it's a gift and you're unsure, you can't go wrong with unscented.


As the Brexit process unfolds, the possibility of a Corbyn government has become much more tangible. Last month, John McDonnell, the shadow chancellor, wrote to the Treasury to say that in power he would require them to "widen the range of economic theories and approaches in which its officials and those in the rest of the government are trained".
In principle, this would be a good thing. Machine learning algorithms, for example, have been shown beyond doubt to be more powerful than the traditional economists' tool of econometrics for analysing data. Standard economic theory is not as good as cultural evolution theory at understanding how search engines, reputation systems, and social media affect the decisions we make and the news we read.
Somehow, however, one feels that this is not the retraining which McDonnell has in mind.
The fashionable idea among left-wing economists is something called "Modern Monetary Theory" (MMT). In the US, the rising Democrat star Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez appears to be keen on it, believing that it could finance her Green New Deal as well as an immense raft of social programmes and welfare benefits.
A key part of MMT asserts that governments who control their own currency can finance any level of spending simply by printing more money. Countries in the Eurozone, for example, cannot do this, because the European Central Bank controls how much money can be created – but the UK can.
A sharp increase in public largesse almost always creates an increase in the public sector deficit, which is the difference between spending and the income that the government gets from taxes.
The conventional way of financing the deficit is by issuing bonds. This both creates a stream of interest payments to the lenders, and at some point – depending on the date of maturity – have to be repaid.
MMT asserts that printing money instead removes these constraints. Money created by the government never needs to be repaid. For example, £10 notes carry the phrase "I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of 10 pounds". If you take it to the cashier's desk in the Bank of England, they will do just that – they will give you another £10 note instead.
Also, money carries no interest. In technical terms, we might think of money as a "zero coupon perpetual bond", although I have never seen MMT theorists refer to it in this way. In one way, MMT is completely true. Countries like the US and the UK can finance government deficits by printing money rather than issuing bonds. Indeed, there are genuine arguments to be had about the appropriate mix of the two.
Where the theory falls down, however, is not recognising the adverse consequences of creating too much money. The economic history of the world is replete with examples of how this just creates inflation, from Roman emperors to the latest example, Venezuela.
MMT ought to be renamed the Magic Money Tree. The Bank of England is running a competition for whose face should be on the £50 note. For MMT theorists, the answer is obvious: old magic grandad himself, Jeremy Corbyn.
If there is something fishy about influencers, why do we take the bait?
Was Michael Gove right? Have we had enough of experts?


text:
|-
| 95801 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95802 Francismuir || || 31 de març, 2003 || Needville || J. Dellinger
|-
| 95803 - || || 24 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95804 - || || 24 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95805 - || || 24 de març, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95806 - || || 25 de març, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95807 - || || 25 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95808 - || || 25 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95809 - || || 25 de març, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95810 - || || 25 de març, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95811 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95812 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95813 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95814 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95815 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95816 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95817 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95818 - || || 27 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95819 - || || 27 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95820 - || || 27 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95821 - || || 27 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95822 - || || 27 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95823 - || || 27 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95824 - || || 28 de març, 2003 || Catalina || CSS
|-
| 95825 - || || 28 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95826 - || || 28 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95827 - || || 28 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95828 - || || 29 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95829 - || || 29 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95830 - || || 29 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95831 - || || 29 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95832 - || || 30 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95833 - || || 30 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95834 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95835 - || || 24 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95836 - || || 25 de març, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95837 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95838 - || || 30 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95839 - || || 30 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95840 - || || 30 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95841 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95842 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95843 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95844 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95845 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95846 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95847 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95848 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95849 - || || 25 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95850 - || || 29 de març, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95851 - || || 26 de març, 2003 || Moletai || MAO
|-
| 95852 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Catalina || CSS
|-
| 95853 - || || 31 de març, 2003 || Catalina || CSS
|-
| 95854 - || || 1 d'abril, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95855 - || || 1 d'abril, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95856 - || || 1 d'abril, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95857 - || || 2 d'abril, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95858 - || || 2 d'abril, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95859 - || || 2 d'abril, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95860 - || || 2 d'abril, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95861 - || || 1 d'abril, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95862 - || || 3 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95863 - || || 5 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95864 - || || 6 d'abril, 2003 || Desert Eagle || W. K. Y. Yeung
|-
| 95865 - || || 3 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95866 - || || 4 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95867 - || || 4 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95868 - || || 4 d'abril, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95869 - || || 5 d'abril, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95870 - || || 5 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95871 - || || 8 d'abril, 2003 || Kvistaberg || Uppsala-DLR Asteroid Survey
|-
| 95872 - || || 5 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95873 - || || 6 d'abril, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95874 - || || 9 d'abril, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95875 - || || 7 d'abril, 2003 || Socorro || LINEAR
|-
| 95876 - || || 8 d'abril, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95877 - || || 8 d'abril, 2003 || Palomar || NEAT
|-
| 95878 - || || 4 d'abril, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95879 - || || 8 d'abril, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95880 - || || 4 d'abril, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95881 - || 2003 HR || 20 d'abril, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95882 - || 2003 HW || 21 d'abril, 2003 || Catalina || CSS
|-
| 95883 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95884 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95885 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95886 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95887 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95888 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95889 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95890 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95891 - || || 25 d'abril, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95892 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95893 - || || 25 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95894 - || || 25 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95895 - || || 25 d'abril, 2003 || Campo Imperatore || CINEOS
|-
| 95896 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
| 95897 - || || 26 d'abril, 2003 || Haleakala || NEAT
|-
| 95898 - || || 28 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95899 - || || 24 d'abril, 2003 || Anderson Mesa || LONEOS
|-
| 95900 - || || 25 d'abril, 2003 || Kitt Peak || Spacewatch
|-
5

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Federal verification is a process which requires a college to collect documentation to verify and correct information reported on your financial aid application. If the Department of Education selects your application for federal verification, all requirements must be completed before our office can finalize a financial aid award offer. It should be noted: Any corrections made to your financial aid application may impact your eligibility for aid.
To complete the Federal verification process you must verify your income and complete a verification worksheet. Select one of the options below to get started!
The Data Retrieval Tool (DRT) is the fastest and easiest way to verify income tax information. If you already used the DRT to import tax information into the FAFSA, you have completed this part of the verification process, and can skip to the verification worksheet link below.
To use DRT you must log into your 2019-20 FAFSA.
In the "Financial Information"section, you will need to answer questions to determine your eligibility to use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool, and select the "LINK TO IRS" button.
Dependent Students: When asked if parent(s) completed a 2017 tax return, update the response to "Already completed and answer the other two questions.
Independent Students: When asked if you (and spouse if applicable) completed a 2017 tax return, update the response to "Already completed and answer the other two questions.
The IRS page will require you to authenticate your identity by entering your personal data exactly as it appears on your tax return.
To import your tax information into the FAFSA select the box under the "Transfer My Tax Information into the FAFSA" section and select the "Transfer Now" button to import your data and return to the FAFSA.
The tax data will not be visible to you in the FAFSA, however you will see the phrase "Transferred from the IRS" under each of the fields where you imported data.
Dependent Students: If the student filed a 2017 federal tax return, repeat these steps in the student section of the FAFSA.
2019-20 Dependent Verification Worksheet — All dependent students are required to sign the worksheet along with at least one parent signature.
1) A SIGNED copy of your 2017 federal tax return. Note: If you reported a marital status of "married" on the FAFSA, but you and your spouse file taxes as "married, filing separate," you must submit a separate SIGNED copy of a 2017 federal tax return for your spouse.
2) A copy of a 2017 Tax Return Transcript, which may be obtained directly from the IRS. To order a Tax Return Transcript visit the IRS website for details. If you choose to have your tax transcript mailed to you, it may take the IRS several weeks to fulfill your request. Once you receive your transcript, keep a copy for your records, and submit a copy to our office. Note: If you reported a marital status of "married" on the FAFSA, but you and your spouse file taxes as "married, filing separate," you must submit a separate Tax Return Transcript for your spouse.
2019-20 Dependent Verification Worksheet— All dependent students are required to sign the worksheet along with at least one parent signature.
Parent Verification of Non-Filing Letter: If your parent(s) did not and were not required to file taxes for 2017, you must submit a Verification of Non-filing Letter (VONF) obtained directly from the IRS. The letter must be for tax year 2017, and dated after October 1, 2018. To request a letter you may visit the IRS website to print Form 4506-T, check box 7, and follow their directions for submitting the form.
They must list the sources and amounts of any 2017 income earned from work.
2019-20 Dependent Verification Worksheet: All dependent students are required to sign the worksheet along with at least one parent signature.
Student Verification of Non-Filing Letter: If you did not file, and were not required to file taxes for 2017, you must submit a Verification of Non-filing Letter (VONF) obtained directly from the IRS. The letter must be for tax year 2017, and dated after October 1, 2018. To request a letter you may visit the IRS website to print Form 4506-T, check box 7, and follow their directions for submitting the form.
You must list the sources and amounts of any 2017 income earned from work.
Navigate to the Sign & Submit section of the FAFSA to submit the corrections. You're Done!
Student Verification of Non-Filing Letter: If you (and your spouse, if applicable) did not and were not required to file taxes for 2017, you must submit a Verification of Non-filing Letter (VONF) obtained directly from the IRS. The letter must be for tax year 2017, and dated after October 1, 2018. To request a letter you may visit the IRS website to print Form 4506-T, check box 7, and follow their directions for submitting the form.
Student Verification of Non-Filing Letter: If you (and your spouse, if applicable) did not and were not required to file taxes for 2017, you must submit a Verification of Non-filing Letter (VONF) obtained directly from the IRS. The letter must be for tax year 2017, and dated after October 1, 2017. To request a letter you may visit the IRS website to print Form 4506-T, check box 7, and follow their directions for submitting the form.
If you find yourself in one of the rare situations below, you will need to submit different or additional documentation to our office in order to verify your income data.
Each parent (or step-parent) will need to request his/her own Tax Return Transcript from the IRS. Both need to be submitted to our office along with a signed verification worksheet.
A copy of your 2017 Tax Return Transcript obtained directly from the IRS. To order a Tax Return Transcript visit the IRS website for details. If you choose to have your tax transcript mailed to you, it may take the IRS several weeks to fulfill your request. Once you receive your transcript, keep a copy for your records, and submit a copy to our office.
The student and the student's spouse will need to request his/her own Tax Return Transcript from the IRS. Both need to be submitted to our office along with a verification worksheet.
You may log into the FAFSA and update it electronically by importing your tax information directly from the IRS.
A copy of IRS Form 4868 "Application for Automatic Extension of Time to File U.S. Individual Income Tax Return," which gives taxpayers until October 15th to file a return.
A copy of unexpired IRS approval of extension beyond the automatic six-month extension.
Verification of Non-filing Letter from the IRS or other relevant tax authority dated on or after October 1, 2017. (This letter is confirmation that the tax return has not yet been filed).
A copy of all 2017 W-2 forms.
If self-employed, a signed statement certifying the amount of the Individual's Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) and U.S. income taxes paid for tax year 2017. Note: This information may be included in the certification statement described earlier, for those unable to obtain a copy of a Verification of Non-filing Letter.
If you filed a 2017 tax return with Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the U.S. Virgin Islands you may submit a signed copy of the tax return which was filed with the relevant tax authority. However, if we must question the accuracy of the data on the signed copy of the income tax return, you will need to submit a copy of the tax account information issued by the relevant tax authority at a later date.
If you filed a 2017 tax return with the tax authority for American Samoa, you must submit a copy of your tax account information.
If you filed a 2017 tax return with a tax authority not mentioned above (i.e., a foreign tax authority) you must submit a copy of the tax account information issued by the relevant tax authority as long as you can obtain the information for free. However, if the tax authority charges a fee to obtain verification of your tax account information, you may submit the following instead: A signed copy of your non-U.S. tax return and documentation which shows the tax authority charges a fee to obtain information about your taxes. (NOTE: If your tax return is not in English, you will also need to provide an English translation of the information on the document).
Call the IRS Identity Protection Specialized Unit at 1-800-908-4490 to request a copy of an alternate paper tax return transcript called TRDBV (Transcript DataBase View).
Submit a signed & dated statement from the tax filer to our office indicating you were a victim of IRS tax-related identity theft, and that the IRS has been made aware of the tax-related identity theft.
Submit a copy of the TRDBV (Transcript DataBase View) transcript or any other IRS tax transcript that includes all of your 2017 income and tax information, which you obtained directly from the IRS.
Did you forget your FSA ID?
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text:
Taiwan's TSMC to bring its most advanced chip manufacturing to Arizona
By Wayne Chang and Diksha Madhok, CNN
Updated 4:10 AM EST, Mon November 21, 2022
Annabelle Chih/Getty Images
Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company plans to bring its most advanced technology to Arizona, the founder of the chip giant said Monday.
TSMC's plans come as tensions between Washington and Beijing are rising over chips, with President Joe Biden imposing a sweeping set of controls on the sale of advanced chips and chip-making equipment to Chinese firms.
Taiwan, a self-governing democracy that the Chinese Communist Party claims as its own territory despite having never controlled it, has also faced growing military aggression from Beijing in recent months – throwing a spotlight on the critical role the island plays in the global chipmaking industry.
TSMC accounts for an estimated 90% of the world's super-advanced computer chips, supplying tech giants including Apple and Qualcomm.
"Chips are very important products," TSMC's founder Morris Chang said Monday at a press briefing in Taipei. "It seems that people are only starting to realize this recently, and as a result, lots of people out there are envious of Taiwan's chip manufacturing."
Chang has retired but remains an influential force within the industry. He was briefing reporters after returning to Taipei from Bangkok, where he was representing Taiwan at the meeting of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) leaders.
At APEC, Chang discussed the semiconductor industry with Vice President Kamala Harris and also met with Chinese President Xi Jinping. Harris welcomed TSMC's investment in Arizona, he said.
Super-advanced semiconductor chips — like the ones produced by TSMC — are an indispensable part of everything from smartphones to washing machines. They are also difficult to make because of the high cost of development and the level of knowledge required, meaning much of the production is concentrated in just a handful of suppliers.
Advances in chip manufacturing require etching ever-smaller transistors on to silicon wafers. Chang said its plant in Arizona will produce 3-nanometer chips, TSMC's most advanced technology.
In 2020, the company had already committed at least $12 billion to build its first facility in Arizona. At the time, the tech giant had said that the facility will "utilize TSMC's 5-nanometer technology for semiconductor wafer fabrication" and "create over 1,600 high-tech professional jobs directly." Production is expected to begin in 2024.
"I not only believe, but know for a fact that the cost of manufacturing chips in the US will be at least 55% higher than in Taiwan," Chang had said at a press meeting on Saturday on the sidelines of APEC.
"But that does not mitigate against moving some capacity to the US. The chip manufacturing process we moved over is the most advanced of any company in the US, and that is very important to the US."
Chang's comments come only days after Warren Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway disclosed that it had purchased a $4.1 billion stake in TSMC.
The increase in TSMC's presence in the US comes at a time when tensions between China and Taiwan are escalating.
The fate of the island's chip industry has become a global concern. Experts have warned that any disruption to Taiwan's chip supply could paralyze production of key equipment, impacting almost everyone in the world.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Foreign Dispatch: Having Faith In Cuba
Foreign Dispatch
By: FOX News Radio's Courtney Walsh in Havana, Cuba
I am by no means an expert, but my impression after a few days on the ground in Havana covering Pope Benedict's three-day pilgrimage to Cuba is that the the aging Castro brothers are slowly releasing their grip on the society; but an open democracy is still a dream. There are greater religious and economic freedoms, but as one Cuban official told us at the International Press Center in a veiled response to the Pope's discreet push for a more open society, the economy will be further liberalized, but expect no changes on the political front.
Yet some people on the island are still working for change in a peaceful way, and hoping that the Church will help them in the struggle.
The Catholic Church has grown in influence since the 1998 visit of Pope John Paul II, even though the pews remain quite empty. Fewer that 10% of the Cuba's 11 million are practicing Catholics, the lowest level in Latin America where over 40% of the world'S 1.2 billion Catholics live. Abortion rates are among the highest in the world. Yet in the early 90's the Jesuit educated Fidel Castro declared that Atheism was no longer the state's creed, and Christmas was reinstated as a national holiday after a Pope John Paul's visit.
President Raul Castro, who took over in 2006 when Fidel stepped aside due to illness, has been working closely with Cuban Church leader Cardinal Jaime Ortega and in 2010 asked him to help broker a deal to release political prisoners. Some say they are too close. One Cuban exile I spoke to said his nickname was "Cardinal Spoon" in that he neither cuts like a knife nor pokes like a fork. But others I spoke to say Cardinal Ortega is doing the best he possibly can to help the country transition away from a strict communist model.
Among the opposition groups counting on the Church's help are the Damas in Blanco or Ladies in White; relatives of Cubans who were arrested in 2003 for calling for elections and political reforms and later released and exiled with Cardinal Ortega's help.
They attend mass every Sunday at St. Rita of Cascia, and then walk down the avenue, dressed in white in protest of human rights violations. They have been detained for up to 24 hours and occasionally attacked by what they say are pro-Government mobs. One of these attacks was even filmed and put on YouTube. The Government says they are traitors and financed by the Americans.
Some of my colleagues met with them in their humble apartment on the eve of Pope Benedict's open-air mass on Revolution Square. One of them, 46 year-old Alejandrina Garcia de la Rivas told them she believed in the Church's message of reconciliation, but wanted the Cuban Bishops during their dialogue with the regime to ask that these discussions include members of the political opposition. They also had requested to speak to the Pope, who had meetings with both Castro brothers, about their aspirations.
I tried to meet them too before the Pope's outdoor mass on Revolution Square on Wednesday, during which he told a crowd of 300,000 that religious freedom was a pre-condition for "genuine freedom." I took a taxi to the designated spot, but no one was at the meeting point. At 6am that morning, Alejandrina and her friend Laura Maria Labrada Pollan were picked up and detained at a military prison outside of Havana until four hours after the mass ended. The others Damas did not show up either, out of fear, I assume.
Cuba still has a long way to go.
Listen HERE to some of Courtney Walsh's reporting from Havana, Cuba:


Okorder.com is a professional Clean Windshield Wiper Blades supplier & manufacturer, offers integrated one-stop services including real-time quoting and online cargo tracking. We are funded by CNBM Group, a Fortune 500 enterprise and the largest Clean Windshield Wiper Blades firm in China.
How do I get access to the windshield wiper transmission on my 1982 Mercedes Benz 380 SL (Model 107)?
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text:
package com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.samples;

// [START privateca_v1_generated_CertificateAuthorityService_CreateCaPool_LRO_async]
import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CaPool;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthorityServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CreateCaPoolRequest;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.LocationName;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.OperationMetadata;

public class AsyncCreateCaPoolLRO {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    asyncCreateCaPoolLRO();
  }

  public static void asyncCreateCaPoolLRO() throws Exception {
    // This snippet has been automatically generated and should be regarded as a code template only.
    // It will require modifications to work:
    // - It may require correct/in-range values for request initialization.
    // - It may require specifying regional endpoints when creating the service client as shown in
    // https://cloud.google.com/java/docs/setup#configure_endpoints_for_the_client_library
    try (CertificateAuthorityServiceClient certificateAuthorityServiceClient =
        CertificateAuthorityServiceClient.create()) {
      CreateCaPoolRequest request =
          CreateCaPoolRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(LocationName.of("[PROJECT]", "[LOCATION]").toString())
              .setCaPoolId("caPoolId-970668971")
              .setCaPool(CaPool.newBuilder().build())
              .setRequestId("requestId693933066")
              .build();
      OperationFuture<CaPool, OperationMetadata> future =
          certificateAuthorityServiceClient.createCaPoolOperationCallable().futureCall(request);
      // Do something.
      CaPool response = future.get();
    }
  }
}
// [END privateca_v1_generated_CertificateAuthorityService_CreateCaPool_LRO_async]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
In matematica, specialmente nell'algebra multilineare, una diade è un tensore di secondo ordine, scritto in una notazione che si adatta all'algebra vettoriale. Trattasi di un ente geometrico caratterizzato dalla sua influenza e la sua azione su altri vettori dello spazio vettoriale di tramite il prodotto scalare. Per la continuazione sull'argomento diadi è utile far riferimento all'operazione di prodotto diadico.

Prodotto diadico
Dati due vettori a e b, il loro prodotto diadico, ovvero la loro diade, si indica nei seguenti modi:

Il prodotto diadico può essere effettuato a destra della diade:

ab · c = a |b| |c| cos =

oppure a sinistra della diade:

c · ab = b |c| |a| cos =

Nella maggioranza dei casi il prodotto diadico non è commutativo, ovverosia cambiando l'ordine dei vettori si ottengono diadi diverse, da ciò diventa banale affermare che . Una diade elementare è formata dalla diade di due versori. In è possibile dire che fissato un sistema di riferimento cartesiano monometrico ortogonale, è possibile scrivere le nove diadi elementari secondo la convenzione degli indici:

In termini abbastanza semplici è possibile dare una definizione meno formale di diade, affermando che la diade è un ente geometrico che permette di modificare la direzione di un vettore nello spazio e fargli assumere una nuova configurazione senza alterarne il modulo.

Se si considera un particolare sistema di riferimento cartesiano ortogonale la diade può anche essere espressa come somma di diadi elementari, dalla definizione precedente dunque è possibile scrivere quanto segue:

o in modo ancora più esplicito vale:

Adesso è agevole verificare che la diade  ovvero è questo il caso particolare in cui la diade gode della proprietà commutativa; in questo caso viene detta diade simmetrica.

Anche se con abuso di notazione è possibile scrivere attraverso il prodotto righe per colonne la diade a ⊗ b

che esprime un importante risultato anche per quanto riguarda il prodotto tensoriale.

Voci correlate
 Calcolo tensoriale
 Notazione di Einstein
 Tensore

Collegamenti esterni

Tensori


As Canada prepares to legalize cannabis nationwide beginning October 17th, a high-level official in the Trump administration says the United States will now start implementing possible lifetime bans on Canadian citizens who are cannabis users, industry workers, or investors.
As it stands, anyone who admits to using an illegal drug, regardless of its status in their home country, can be barred from entering the U.S.
While nearly all border states have some form of legalized cannabis use, it remains illegal under U.S. federal law, which classifies those who work in the cannabis industry as drug traffickers.
Travelers who receive lifetime bans are eligible to apply for a waiver, although it can take months to process and costs $585 to apply.
Canada is currently the world's only major industrialized nation to legalize retail cannabis. The Canadian cannabis sector is projected to generate billions of dollars of revenue in coming years and Canadians have flocked to take jobs and buy stocks in the flourishing industry.


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text:
Are there any item girls in Tamil films?
If you think that item songs are for the current generation then the idea is baseless; for item songs in Tamil films have a history that goes back as far as 1936. Item songs and its dream girls who can make dead men to drop their jaws have always existed not only in Kollywood but also in various others films across our nation.
What kind of movies did Mimsy Farmer appear in?
This was a decade of unusual, often very adventurous films, such as the Yugoslavian adaptation of THE MASTER AND MARGUERITE (1972), the deeply disturbing BODY OF LOVE (1972), and TWO MEN IN TOWN (1973) in which she costarred with both Jean Gabin and Alain Delon.
Which is the latest item song in Hindi?
Mumaith Khan is the latest sensation when it comes to item songs and have featured in more than 80 item songs in all languages including Hindi. She rose to fame with the song 'Kaththi Kappal' in the film Pokkiri and has not looked back ever since.
Where can I find pictures of Tamil people?
Minority ethnic Tamil woman waits for a bus on August 12,2015 in Jaffna, Sri Lanka. The UN's Human Rights Council investigation into alleged war… Tamil Hindu priest performs special prayers during Puthandu at a Tamil Hindu Temple in Ontario, Canada.
How old is Nivetha Pethuraj in Tamil movies?
Nivetha Pethuraj (age 26) is a multi-talented Tamil actress, basically born in Kovilpatti, Tamil Nadu and brought up in Dubai. She was born on 30 November 1991 and acted in few Tamil movies. Nivetha Pethuraj is also passionate about the modeling profession and gave many photo shoots so far.
Who is the tallest item girl in Kollywood?
Namitha is one of the tallest actress in Kollywood and the roles in her movies have always carried an oomph factor. Namitha, apart from being seen in many item songs have also done a few important roles but is known for her seductive looks.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qjuk4CRnjKo


text:
Kaylin Swart: making history – again
The Banyana goalkeeper had a shocking first World Cup. Now she is older, wiser and confident she'll shine in her second global showpiece.
By: Njabulo Ngidi
20 September 2018: Kaylin Swart in action during the Cosafa Women's Championship semifinal match between South Africa and Uganda at Wolfson Stadium in Port Elizabeth. (Photograph by Richard Huggard/Gallo Images)
Kaylin Swart doesn't want to talk about Trinidad and Tobago. She prefers to think about France. But there would be no France for the Banyana Banyana goalkeeper if it wasn't for her disastrous trip to the Caribbean with the women's national Under-17 team in 2010.
Almost 10 years ago, the first South African women's team to qualify for a World Cup was rudely reminded of the gulf in class between them and the best in the world. With Swart in goal, Bantwana conceded a whopping 17 goals in three matches – including 10 in one game in a 10-1 thumping by Germany.
"I was young. I have grown a lot since then. My game has changed big time," Swart says. Though it's a chapter the 24-year-old from Port Elizabeth would like to forget, she expanded on her experience from her first World Cup. "We were so focused on playing and being in the moment that we didn't take the results to heart. It was a little overwhelming, that's for sure. Back then none of us were in a structured league. If we could all talk about 2010 now, we would have different answers. It was an eye-opener, but also a great experience."
Another World Cup
Swart will have the opportunity to create new World Cup memories in France from 7 June to 7 July with teammate Jermaine Seoposenwe, who also played in the Under-17 World Cup in 2010 and was also part of the Banyana team that qualified for the global showpiece for the first time. Banyana booked their place in the World Cup by finishing second in the Africa Women's Cup of Nations (Awcon) in Ghana last year.
Despite losing to Nigeria in the final, Banyana were a hit in Ghana because of their brand of enterprising football. Lebogang Ramalepe, Janine van Wyk and Thembi Kgatlana were named in the tournament's best XI with Swart and Linda Motlhalo on the bench. Kgatlana was also named Women's Footballer of the Year by the Confederation of African Football (CAF) at their awards ceremony in Senegal on Tuesday. Desiree Ellis bagged the Coach of the Year award.
Sepeng's journey to top SA coach
Those accolades, and Banyana's good run in Ghana, will inspire the senior women's national team in France. Preparations for the tournament start on Thursday with a training match behind closed doors against Sweden in Cape Town. Two days later they will take on Netherlands in the inaugural Winnie Madikizela-Mandela Challenge at the Cape Town Stadium. They will then face Sweden in an official international friendly on 22 January, just over a month before Banyana take part in the Cyprus Cup, which runs from 25 February to 7 March. In May, Swart will return to her former home in California for Banyana's international friendly with the United States.
These matches will prepare Banyana for France where they are grouped with Germany, China and Spain. Swart, should she keep her number one jersey, will face a sterner test than the one she faced in Trinidad and Tobago. This time around, though, she is well prepared for what's coming.
"My time in America made me realise football is a mental game," Swart says. "Mentally, I've grown so much. It's a different style of play. The work ethic in America is different. You have to grind out a result. Coming back to South Africa and being in the national team helped me big time. When I went to America I had no idea what I was getting myself into. Five years later I realise it's the best thing I could have done because I came back a different player. I say it with pride, I have grown and I am better than I have ever been. But you've got to push every day at training. I am in good shape."
Hating mediocrity
Now, the once-shaky goalkeeper has been replaced by a confident figure who commands respect in her box. Her spell in the United States toughened her up after breaking a number of records at Menlo College in California. She had a goals-against average of 0.87 in her maiden season in 2015 – the best average in the college's history. She went on to improve her goals-against record in 2017 (0.82) and finished with the most saves in the college's history.
"Mediocrity ticks me off," Swart says. "I am so hard on myself. I beat myself all the time. Goalkeepers are crazy, but we're perfectionists. If I feel I've had a bad game, it's going to take me hours to get over it. I'll sulk, but when I am settled and everything sinks in, I work on what I need to improve. I never settle for less."
Proteas are gunning for a series whitewash
She had to settle for the bench for the better part of her time in the senior national women's team before winning her first cap against Sweden last year. Swart ran with the opportunity. She was the first-choice goalkeeper in the Cosafa Women's Championship in her hometown and the Awcon.
"Persistence and not giving up got me to be where I am," Swart says. "It's easy to sit back and be like, Okay, it's not my time. But you've got to work hard every day and not give up. I just kept grinding and waited for my chance to come. I grabbed it with both hands once I got it. Qualifying for the World Cup is an incredible feeling. Banyana Banyana is on the global platform now. People know us now. South Africans love history makers. To do it twice [with Bantwana and Banyana] is an amazing feeling. No one can ever take this from me."