Tillandsia, AKA air plants, are so much fun. Their spiky tendrils are oh-so-cool looking and because they don't need soil to survive, there are endless creative ways to display them, from terrariums to popping them inside seashells. You can even make them into jewelry! They are hardy and easy to care for if you know what to do, and the most common problems that people have with air plants are due to incorrect watering. Follow these steps to water air plants the right way and keep them hydrated and happy all year long.
Air plants are called that because they grow without soil, in the air. This means that they need to absorb moisture through their leaves and they need consistent moisture, either from very high humidity (as in a greenhouse) or from regular soaking.
Often when you buy Tillandsia at the store, the label recommends spritzing them with water from a misting bottle a few times each week. We wouldn't recommend this, though, as spritzing is just too inconsistent and doesn't provide the air plant with enough moisture. When Tillys grow in the wild, they absorb moisture from the air which is much more humid than it is indoors, and that is usually where we keep them, so we have to soak them to rehydrate.
That being said, greenhouses and garden centers just mist them, because it is already humid inside a greenhouse. And if you live in a humid climate (or a greenhouse) you can also get away with spritzing them. For air plants adopted as houseplants for the rest of us, the key is soaking them in a bath.
To water air plants, remove them from wherever you have them displayed and submerge in a bowl or sink full of enough water to completely cover them. Parts of the plants will float up above the water—this is okay, just make sure that the majority of each air plant is submerged in the water. Leave them in the bath for one hour. Remove each plant, hold facing upside down, and shake well to get rid of any excess water that may be pooling at the base of the inner leaves. Return your air plants to their regular spot until it is time to bathe them again.
Don't use chlorinated water for your air plants as it can harm them. Instead, use rainwater or filtered water if possible. If you want to use tap water, allow it to sit out in a bowl for 24 hours first so that the chlorine evaporates. Chlorine can turn the tips of the leaves brown.
Depending on the season, air plants need to be bathed at different frequencies. In the summer when it is hot, they like to be bathed once a week, but in the cool winter months, once every three weeks or so will do. Pay attention to the changing of the seasons and the health of your air plant and water accordingly.
Hi. I've got some air plants for Christmas. They really are great but I am new to all this and would like to see them do well. I am using rain water to soak them. The problem is that I only have a small deposit to collect rain water and I would like to re-use it for as many soaks as possible. I use a bucket with water from the deposit to soak the plants. For how many days or weeks can I use the water in the bucket? Will the plants use up the nutrients in the water after repeated soaking? I only have 6 little plants and the bucket is 3 liters. Thanks for your help. Tomas.
I also use rainwater and can reuse it a few times before it evaporates or grows things. I really can't say how long it is good for, as I live in a rainforest and have access to a lot of rain.
How do I know if it's dead? An why do retail places glue them to shells and other items? Silly question but how do I water it if it's glued to the item.
If it is dead all the leaves will fall off or it will turn dry, brown, and crunchy.
Where Is the best place to keep an airplant? I keep them In my living room now on my coffee table under a lamp during the day till I go to sleep am I taking care of them correctly? Oh! I just got a bigger airplant that I keep In my bedroom window. Is that a good spot??


The world's human population is currently experiencing exponential growth even though human reproduction is far below its biotic potential (Figure 1). To reach its biotic potential, all females would have to become pregnant every nine months or so during their reproductive years. Also, resources would have to be such that the environment would support such growth. Neither of these two conditions exists. In spite of this fact, human population is still growing exponentially.
Figure 1. Human population growth since 1000 AD is exponential (dark blue line). Notice that while the population in Asia (yellow line), which has many economically underdeveloped countries, is increasing exponentially, the population in Europe (light blue line), where most of the countries are economically developed, is growing much more slowly.
A consequence of exponential human population growth is the time that it takes to add a particular number of humans to the Earth is becoming shorter. Figure 2 shows that 123 years were necessary to add 1 billion humans in 1930, but it only took 24 years to add two billion people between 1975 and 1999. As already discussed, at some point it would appear that our ability to increase our carrying capacity indefinitely on a finite world is uncertain. Without new technological advances, the human growth rate has been predicted to slow in the coming decades. However, the population will still be increasing and the threat of overpopulation remains.
Humans are unique in their ability to alter their environment with the conscious purpose of increasing its carrying capacity. This ability is a major factor responsible for human population growth and a way of overcoming density-dependent growth regulation. Much of this ability is related to human intelligence, society, and communication. Humans can construct shelter to protect them from the elements and have developed agriculture and domesticated animals to increase their food supplies. In addition, humans use language to communicate this technology to new generations, allowing them to improve upon previous accomplishments.
Other factors in human population growth are migration and public health. Humans originated in Africa, but have since migrated to nearly all inhabitable land on the Earth. Public health, sanitation, and the use of antibiotics and vaccines have decreased the ability of infectious disease to limit human population growth. In the past, diseases such as the bubonic plaque of the fourteenth century killed between 30 and 60 percent of Europe's population and reduced the overall world population by as many as 100 million people. Today, the threat of infectious disease, while not gone, is certainly less severe. According to the World Health Organization, global death from infectious disease declined from 16.4 million in 1993 to 14.7 million in 1992. To compare to some of the epidemics of the past, the percentage of the world's population killed between 1993 and 2002 decreased from 0.30 percent of the world's population to 0.24 percent. Thus, it appears that the influence of infectious disease on human population growth is becoming less significant.
The age structure of a population is an important factor in population dynamics. Age structure is the proportion of a population at different age ranges. Age structure allows better prediction of population growth, plus the ability to associate this growth with the level of economic development in the region. Countries with rapid growth have a pyramidal shape in their age structure diagrams, showing a preponderance of younger individuals, many of whom are of reproductive age or will be soon. This pattern is most often observed in underdeveloped countries where individuals do not live to old age because of less-than-optimal living conditions. Age structures of areas with slow growth, including developed countries such as the United States, still have a pyramidal structure, but with many fewer young and reproductive-aged individuals and a greater proportion of older individuals. Other developed countries, such as Italy, have zero population growth. The age structure of these populations is more conical, with an even greater percentage of middle-aged and older individuals. The actual growth rates in different countries are shown in Figure 4, with the highest rates tending to be in the less economically developed countries of Africa and Asia.
Figure 3: Typical age structure diagrams are shown. The rapid growth diagram narrows to a point, indicating that the number of individuals decreases rapidly with age. In the slow growth model, the number of individuals decreases steadily with age. Stable population diagrams are rounded on the top, showing that the number of individuals per age group decreases gradually, and then increases for the older part of the population.
Age structure diagrams for rapidly growing, slow growing and stable populations are shown in stages 1 through 3. What type of population change do you think stage 4 represents?
Figure 4: The percent growth rate of population in different countries is shown. Notice that the highest growth is occurring in less economically developed countries in Africa and Asia.
Many dire predictions have been made about the world's population leading to a major crisis called the "population explosion." In the 1968 book The Population Bomb, biologist Dr. Paul R. Ehrlich wrote, "The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s hundreds of millions of people will starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now. At this late date nothing can prevent a substantial increase in the world death rate." While many critics view this statement as an exaggeration, the laws of exponential population growth are still in effect, and unchecked human population growth cannot continue indefinitely.
Efforts to control population growth led to the one-child policy in China, which used to include more severe consequences, but now imposes fines on urban couples who have more than one child. Due to the fact that some couples wish to have a male heir, many Chinese couples continue to have more than one child. The policy itself, its social impacts, and the effectiveness of limiting overall population growth are controversial. In spite of population control policies, the human population continues to grow. At some point the food supply may run out because of the subsequent need to produce more and more food to feed our population. The United Nations estimates that future world population growth may vary from 6 billion (a decrease) to 16 billion people by the year 2100. There is no way to know whether human population growth will moderate to the point where the crisis described by Dr. Ehrlich will be averted.
Another result of population growth is the endangerment of the natural environment. Many countries have attempted to reduce the human impact on climate change by reducing their emission of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. However, these treaties have not been ratified by every country, and many underdeveloped countries trying to improve their economic condition may be less likely to agree with such provisions if it means slower economic development. Furthermore, the role of human activity in causing climate change has become a hotly debated socio-political issue in some developed countries, including the United States. Thus, we enter the future with considerable uncertainty about our ability to curb human population growth and protect our environment.
Visit this website and select "Launch movie" for an animation discussing the global impacts of human population growth.
The world's human population is growing at an exponential rate. Humans have increased the world's carrying capacity through migration, agriculture, medical advances, and communication. The age structure of a population allows us to predict population growth. Unchecked human population growth could have dire long-term effects on our environment.


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Sidmouth FolkWeek cash plea
Published: 1:01 PM November 26, 2009
A FOLKWEEK meeting held in Sidmouth last week was voted a success but more financial backing is needed say festival organisers.
Representatives of over 20 businesses as well as town and district councillors attended the annual festival and town review, held at the Bedford Hotel.
John Braithwaite, managing director of Sidmouth FolkWeek Productions, told the meeting that a successful festival with a significant increase in festival visitors and a rigorous budget had resulted in a small surplus for FolkWeek 2009.
But he called for more local businesses and organisations to offer financial help.
Mr Braithwaite said: "The festival still needs more financial support to maintain its long-term stability."
He thanked the town council, Devon County Council and the Sid Vale Association for their increased funding, East Devon District Council for help in kind and all of the festival sponsors.
9 Careless charity shop donors cost Devon Air Ambulance money
10 Fire training exercise at Newton Poppleford
Mr Braithwaite added: "We know that the local economy benefits enormously from the festival's presence in the town.
"FolkWeek is responsible for bringing this increased trade and prosperity to the town, and needs to share in the benefits to secure its future and further development."
Artistic director and marketing manager, Joan Crump, also gave a preview of the marketing designs which are to be launched on December 1 coinciding with the first announcement of guests and the season ticket sales.
At a further meeting, local FolkWeek enthusiasts and supporters gathered to give their comments on the festival, and to hear plans for the 2010 event.
Derek Schofield, FolkWeek spokesman, said: "The Festival is keen to build a local network of supporters who can assist during the year with such matters as promotion, leaflet and poster distribution and necessary tasks such as stuffing envelopes with festival leaflets. We hope to build a team of 'FolkWeek Ambassadors'. We were very pleased with the turnout and the offers of help."
Any businesses interested in supporting the festival can email John Braithwaite at johnbraithwaite@sidmouthfolkweek.co.uk or ring 07831 873958.
To discuss assisting the festival, ring Derek Schofield on 07732 264291 or email press@sidmouthfolkweek.co.uk.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Barbara Jacobson of Moosic, Pa., and West Palm Beach, Fla., died peacefully Tuesday in the Jewish Home of Eastern Pa., Scranton. She is survived by her devoted husband, Murray Jacobson, of 43 years.
Born in Throop, Pa., she was the third child of the late Anthony J. and Mary Gadomski Pesarchik. Educated in Throop and Hamlin Elementary Schools, she was a graduate of Lake Consolidated High School, attended Marywood College and was a proud member of the first graduating class of Community Medical Center School of Nursing, Scranton. She was a graduate of the Allentown Hospital School of Anesthesia and received her BA degree in hospital administration from Ottawa University, Ottawa, Kan.
Her nursing career included CMC, Scranton; Abington Memorial Hospital, Philadelphia; Kuakini Hospital, Honolulu, Hawaii; and as a medical/surgical instructor at CMC School of Nursing. Her practice of anesthesia spanned many years at CMC and before retirement at Anesthesiology Associates of the Palm Beaches, West Palm Beach, Fla. She was a member of the Harvard Medical School Nurses Study since 1976 and belonged to numerous professional associations, committees, boards and public relations to promote the Nurse Anesthetist Profession. She was a proponent of Continuing education and women's rights.
A member of Temple Hesed, Scranton, she served in various positions and as president of its sisterhood and chairperson of the outreach committee. She served on the Board of Amos Towers; and was a member of the JCC and Jewish Home of Eastern PA, serving on the board and president of its auxiliary. A life member of National Tay Sachs and Allied Diseases, she worked on many other civic, religious and charitable organizations.
A woman of valor, remarkable intelligence, strength and courage, she was a beloved daughter, wife, mother, grandmother, sister, aunt, cousin and trusted friend. A person who always made others feel special and was always there for them. She loved dancing, singing, music and enjoyed reading, crosswords, walking, swimming, sea cruises and blackjack. She possessed a spontaneous sense of humor, uncommon patience and extraordinary love. Many people will feel her void.
She is also survived by a loving son, Jeffrey Michael Jacobson, Moosic; a devoted daughter, Bonnie Sue Jacobson Davis and husband, Barry, Portland, Ore.; cherished grandsons, Zachary Michael Jacobson, a student at Bloomsburg University; Jeremy Alan and Jordan Samuel Davis, Portland, Ore.; a sister, Genevieve Virbitsky, Mayfield; brothers, Stephen Pesarchik, Mount Cobb; and Anthony Pesarchik and wife, Dorothy, Quarryville; sister-in-law, Avigail Jacobson, Allentown; three aunts, Christina Tresnick, Helen Nasevich and Barbara Gadomski. She also leaves many wonderful cousins, nieces, nephews, great-nieces and great-nephews; a great-great-niece and wonderful caring friends.
She was also preceded in death by a grandson, Adam Wilson Davis; and brothers-in-law, George Virbitsky and Phillip Jacobson.
Her funeral will be Sunday at 9 a.m. in the Carlucci-Golden-DeSantis Funeral Home Inc., 318 E. Drinker St., Dunmore, with services by Rabbi Daniel Swartz. Interment in Temple Hesed Cemetery, Dunmore.
Friends may call Sunday from 8:30 a.m. until the time of services at the funeral home. Shiva will be observed at the family residence 704 O'Henry Close, Glenmaura Commons, Moosic, Pa., Sunday, Monday and Tuesday, 3 to 5 p.m.
Memorial contributions may be made to the Jewish Home of Eastern Pa, 1101 Vine St., Scranton, PA 18510 or to Temple Hesed, 1 Knox St., Scranton, PA 18505.


Following up on my earlier post about Walt Lockley's view of Boston City Hall, I found a trio of videos that offer ideas of ways to change City Hall Plaza.
In 2007, a group of students, both graduate and undergraduate, were sponsored to create a pilot project called Hub2. They used the game Second Life to re-imagine City Hall Plaza. Their alterations are pretty light weight, primarily aiming to liven up the plaza itself without altering City Hall itself.
Another video, this one, "One citizen's hope for the barren wasteland of Boston City Hall Plaza." He offers a solution that begins with minor alterations to City Hall, but by the end, the building is gone.
Lastly, video of Boston Mayor Tom Menino's plan to build a new city hall on the South Boston waterfront and sell City Hall Plaza to developers. Menino doesn't hold back on his feelings about City Hall.
Which of these plans is the most realistic? Or do you have your own idea?
Well, having lived on Beacon Hill and then the North End for several years, I've spent a lot of time criss crossing City Hall Plaza. And yes, it's ugly and a barren wasteland. But, when I see plans to cut it up with walk ways and green space, I wonder how that would ever be kept up and think the green spaces - grass or planters - would be a mess in no time. Also, some of my best memories of Boston came from being in a big crowd at City Hall Plaza - from the time there was dancing for the fourth of July (the Navy was in port, so that was A LOT of fun!), to sports team celebrations to the Bare Naked Ladies concert. Those big celebrations wouldn't be the same if the space is divided up into walkways and barriers. It's the one big viewer unobstructed space we have. That said, mostly it's a vast wasteland. Sorry, didn't add much to the debate!
in answer to linda - the green space would be kept up by the Park Service - the same folks who mow the lawns and trim the trees at parks all over Boston - including the Common, the Fenway, and the Arboreatum.
City hall should (unequivocally) be preserved in its current location. Efforts should be made to fix the interior, and the plaza as those are places with measurable problems. If Menino had put as much effort into upkeep with City Hall as he has bitching the building would have the lights it needs, and handicapped access etc.
The problems with City Hall are many, but running away is not the solution. The groundbreaking architecture and the central location are cornerstones to a building that could (with brave action) once again put Boston on the map.


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Q: Confusion with usage of density function. I'm trying to solve an exercise and im starting to get very confused of my usage of the density function. Can someone explain my where my error is?
I have the two coordinates $X_1,X_2$ that are uniformly distributed on the disk $D=\{(x_1,x_2)\in\mathbb{R}^2:x_1^2+x_2^2<1\}$. At first I want to calculate the density function of $(X_1,X_2)$, lets call it $f$. We know it has to be constant and the integral of $f$ over $D$ has to equal $1$. So by $$\int_Df(x_1,x_2)d(x_1,x_2)=1$$ we know that the density function has to equal $1/\pi$. But now I want to calculate the c.d.f. of $R^2=X_1^2+X_2^2$. So let $g$ be density function of $R^2$. But then I think I use the definition of density function wrong. Because if I calculate the following I get a contradiction.\begin{align*}1=\mathbb{P}=(R^2\leq1)&=\int_0^1g(r)dr\\&=\int_0^1\int_0^1f(\sqrt{r-s},\sqrt{s})dsdr\\&=1/\pi\int_0^1\int_0^11dsdr=1/\pi.\end{align*} My thought process was, that for $R^2=r$ to hold true, we can just "sum up" over all $s\in[0,1]$ with $X_1^2=r-s,X_2^2=s$. But there is obviously a logical error. Can sombody tell me where exactly my fault is and what the right approach to calculate the c.d.f. of $R^2$ is? By logical arguments I know it's $\mathbb{P}(R^2\leq r) = r$, but I'd like to calculate it with the integrals.

A: If you let $Q=R^2$, then for $0 \le r \le 1$ you have
$$\mathbb P(R^2 \le r) =\mathbb P(Q \le r) = \int_{x_2=-\sqrt{r}}^{\sqrt{r}}\int_{x_1=-\sqrt{r-x_2^2}}^{\sqrt{r-x_2^2}} \frac{1}{\pi}\, dx_1\, dx_2 =\int_{x_2=-\sqrt{r}}^{\sqrt{r}}\frac{2 \sqrt{r-{{x_2^2}}}}{\pi }\, dx_2  =r$$ as expected. It gives $1$ when $r=1$, as it should.
The corresponding pdf for $Q$ will be $1$ as this is uniform on $[0,1]$, while the pdf for R will be $\frac d{dx} x^2=2x$ also on $[0,1]$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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OFFICIALS: Cloutman playing his part in development of future officials
Dave Cloutman has called games at every level in the UK, but now says stepping off the ice is something he has to do to help the next generation reach the same heights as him.
The Hampshire-based official has now called time on his on-ice career after 33 seasons to take up a new role as an officiating manager in the Ice Hockey UK referee section.
New IHUK Referee Chief Joy Johnston approached Cloutman at the end of last season to ask him to take on the new role, but explained it needed him to be off the ice to do it.
"I could have kept going for another two or three years as a referee," said Cloutman.
"The change in the senior leagues presented new opportunities and new challenges and I was already thinking about next season.
"Joy made the pitch about the new structure and the plans for officials managers, supervisors, trainers and mentors – and I was intrigued. It's something I've discussed with other colleagues many times before, but it would mean stepping off the ice.
"It was a tough decision but within an hour or so of the initial presentation, I knew it was something I wanted to be part of.
"Stopping refereeing wasn't something I necessarily wanted to do, but something I felt I needed to do to help shape the future development of officials.
"So the whistle is getting rusty, my gear is in the attic and the skates sitting unused. And I've probably done more work this summer to prepare for a new season than any in the last 30 years!"
Cloutman is the officiating manager for Level 3 which covers the U16 leagues in Scotland and the U18/U20 leagues in England, working with Matt Thompson who will manage the assignments that L3 officials receive. Other officiating mangers have been appointed with similar experience to Cloutman.
"What excites me the most is working alongside Matt with the officials who are the future playoff finals refs, the future IIHF license holders. Maybe someone will reach the same levels as Joy achieved with an Olympic gold medal game.
"Right now, all of those options are available and now with the structure in place, officials who work hard and are determined can be managed through the levels and can go as far and as high as their abilities permit them.
"The management team are fully behind the new set-up and looking at the officiating managers alone, we must have 150 years' experience behind us to pass on.
"The assignors bring another 100 to 150 years' experience. All of a sudden you see there's a lot of knowledge available for the up-and-coming officials to tap into. It's our jobs to make sure that knowledge is passed on and used by the officials to develop and get better."
A drive to get former players into the ranks of 'Team Stripes' is also part of Cloutman's remit and again the new structure will allow former players to be managed into refereeing by taking account of playing experience and not necessarily making them start from Level 1.
"Matt and I have spoken to some players about taking up refereeing and so far nobody has given a flat 'no'. Some guys who have just stopped playing want time with family and want to consider what they want to do next. But we have got some interest and it would be great to have them on the ice as part of our team.
"When the players are ready, we have the structure in place and they can join from an appropriate level and take it from there."
While looking ahead to the next phase of his officiating career, Clouts was able to look back at some on-ice highlights.
"I have been fortunate enough to work at every level in the UK – that's BNL, Superleague, Elite League and EPIHL. I refereed the first game in Belfast which was amazing. My first game as a referee at the old Wales National Ice Rink was a proper 'hairs on the back of your neck' moment when they sang Land of My Fathers, that was special.
"I was successful in gaining an IIHF license and did a few tournaments abroad, with the highlight being a four-team tournament in Ljubljana and I did Austria v Italy.
"More recently I was part of the crew for the first EPIHL finals and in the season just ended I was there at the last EPIHL finals.
"I have enjoyed being on the ice but the new role was something I couldn't turn down. I am looking forward to the challenge ahead, it's going to be huge, but it's going to be worth it."
Dave Cloutman was talking to Craig Simpson. Photo credit: Five Hole Photography
four × three =


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The Latest on OSHA's Electronic Reporting Compliance Deadline
Tuesday, November 21, 2017 12:30 PM - anonymous - ABC News, Politics & Policy, Regulations, GA-Workplace Safety, GA - Compliance -
On Nov. 22, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) announced it has extended the compliance date for the electronic reporting provisions of its Electronic Injury Reporting and Anti-Retaliation final rule (also known as Improve Tracking of Workplace Injuries and Illnesses) to Dec. 15. This is a two-week extension from the Dec. 1 compliance date in the proposed rule. The final rule regarding the delay of the compliance date was published in the Federal Register on Nov. 24.
Under the final rule, certain employers are required to electronically submit the information from their completed 2016 Form 300A by Dec. 15. The rule, which was finalized on May 12, 2016, will make the submission of the injury and illness forms mandatory and exclusively electronic for most employers. According to the news release, in 2018 OSHA intends to publish a notice of proposed rulemaking to reconsider, revise, or remove other portions of the final rule.
In the news release, OSHA stated that the further delay is "to allow affected employers additional time to become familiar with a new electronic reporting system launched on August 1, 2017." On Aug. 1, OSHA launched the Injury Tracking Application, which is the web-based form employers can use to submit their injury and illness data. The launch occurred right after OSHA closed the comment period on delaying the electronic reporting portion of the final rule from July 1 to Dec. 1.
The news release also states, "Unless an employer is under federal jurisdiction, the following OSHA-approved State Plans have not yet adopted the requirement to submit injury and illness reports electronically: California, Maryland, Minnesota, South Carolina, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Establishments in these states are not currently required to submit their summary data through the ITA. Similarly, state and local government establishments in Illinois, Maine, New Jersey, and New York are not currently required to submit their data through the ITA."
The following information on electronic reporting is available on the U.S. Department of Labor's website:
Establishments with 250 or more employees in industries covered by the recordkeeping regulation must submit information from their 2016 Form 300A by Dec. 15, 2017. These same employers will be required to submit information from all 2017 forms (300A, 300, and 301) by July 1, 2018. Beginning in 2019 and every year thereafter, the information must be submitted by March 2.
Establishments with 20-249 employees in certain high-risk industries must submit information from their 2016 Form 300A by Dec. 15, 2017, and their 2017 Form 300A by July 1, 2018. Beginning in 2019 and every year thereafter, the information must be submitted by March 2.
Note: The anti-retaliation provisions of the final rule went into effect on Dec. 1, 2016.
In 2016, ABC filed a lawsuit against the final rule, which remains pending.
This article is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice or opinion.
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2009_3_15.pdf (35.83 KB)
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Giambona F, Pitzalis M, Porcu M, Sulis I. 2016. Measuring Digital Teaching Innovation Using Item Response Theory Models. Italian Journal of Sociology of Education. 8(2):68-109.
Gavrila M. 2018. A New Direction in University Teaching. Between Solidarity, Complexity and Media Education. Italian Journal of Sociology of Education. 10(2):57-75.
Gasperoni G. 2020. Far from the Ivory Tower? Italian Academics' and Higher Education Institutions' Societal Impact and Contributions to Economic Development Italian Journal of Sociology of Education. 12(1):347-352.
Gasperoni G. 2020. The Ambivalence of School Segregation and the Inefficacy of Desegregation Policies. Italian Journal of Sociology of Education. 12(2):227-232.
García MªRosalía M, Alvarez IZambrano. 2020. The Promotion of a Health Culture From the Experience of the Pablo De Olavide University (Spain). Italian Journal of Sociology of Education. 12(3):41-62.


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Reviews	• Off-Broadway	Published 11 October 2016
Review: All the Ways to Say I Love You
Lucille Lortel Theatre ⋄ 6th September - 23rd October 2016
A slightly different Neil LaBute: Richard Patterson reviews the playwright's latest work.
Richard Patterson
Judith Light, alone. Photo: Joan Marcus
By now, we know what to expect from Neil LaBute. As one of America's most prolific playwrights, his familiar arsenal of tricks is known to most frequent theatergoers: the artfully ironic title, the mid-play twist, the bitter battle of the sexes.
Refreshingly, LaBute's latest one-woman play, All the Ways to Say I Love You, a vehicle for the luminous Judith Light, both adheres to and flings aside these patterns. Its closest relative in his oeuvre is 2005's Wrecks, a rather tepid solo play at the Public Theater that starred Ed Harris and centered on a shocking central reveal hinted at in the play's obliquely Greek-inspired title.
Fortunately, unlike Wrecks, All the Ways trades on more than simple plot twists. The play, which focuses on Mrs. Johnson (Light), a school teacher whose past relationship with a student has affected her life in manifold ways in the years since, unfolds compellingly at its start. Light as Johnson begins the play by recalling a student who asked, pointedly, "What is the weight of a lie?" The rest of the play provides Light with a chance to reveal precisely what that weight is – figuratively and, finally, literally.
Light's Mrs. Johnson loves her husband, a lawyer of mixed race, as LaBute points out, but she also enjoys the soul-shattering sex she had with her handsome black student – the kind of lovemaking, we're told, that her husband has never been able to provide (they've also never been able to have a child).
Mrs. Johnson expresses regret for the lengths she's gone to in the name of her own pleasure, but it soon becomes clear that that initial shame is only the tip of the iceberg in terms of her deception.
Though the play lacks one of LaBute's signature shocker twists, it still has a few smooth curves and pivots in its plot. It's tough to discuss what those are without spoiling the plot. The biggest unanswered question hovering above All the Ways, though, is "Why?"
Why has LaBute chosen to write this play now? Since Mary Kay Letourneau made national news in 1997 for having an illicit affair with a 12-year-old student, predatory teachers – both men and women – have been a part of our national conversation, and LaBute's play mainly echoes themes we've heard before without adding much of anything new.
Another big "Why?" – to ponder for this and any other monologue play – is why is this character speaking now, and to whom? LaBute never sets up a clear answer. Though it's not a necessity to do so in order to write a compelling play, it does detract from the overall impact of the piece to be left wondering throughout its hour-long running time why this character feels particularly driven to tell her story to us now. Judith Light and Leigh Silverman's sensitively-directed production provide compelling reasons to listen, but the story being delivered doesn't convince quite so strongly.
All the Ways to Say I Love You is on at the Lucille Lortel Theatre until 23rd October 2016. Click here for more details.
A graduate of New York University with a degree in Dramatic Literature, Richard was deputy theatre editor at musicOMH.com from 2008-2011 and New York Editor of Exeunt from 2011-2016. He is excited to continue on as a contributor. With a penchant for Sondheim, the Bard, and Beckett, as well as for new writing, theatergoing highlights include Fiona Shaw's Winnie in "Happy Days," Derek Jacobi's Lear, Jonathan Pryce in "The Caretaker," and Chiwetel Ejiofor's Othello at the Donmar. Richard's criticism has been published in The Sondheim Review.
Read more articles by Richard Patterson
Review: All the Ways to Say I Love You Show Info
Directed by Leigh Silverman
Written by Neil LaBute
Cast includes Judith Light
Running Time 1 hr (with no intermission)
Edinburgh Review: Shit-Faced Shakespeare: Hamlet at Underbelly
Tom Moyser


Maika Monroe (born Dillon Monroe Buckley; May 29, 1993) is an American actress and professional kiteboarder. She made her acting debut in the 2012 film At Any Price. In 2013, she appeared alongside Kate Winslet in the drama film Labor Day. She became recognized as a "scream queen" after her performances in the critically acclaimed 2014 films The Guest and It Follows. She also played Patricia Whitmore in Independence Day: Resurgence (2016). Description above from the Wikipedia article Maika Monroe, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.


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Anne Fischer (Rosenberg)
Anne Fischer (Rosenberg) (1902 - 2008)
Social worker who played a crucial role in rebuilding social work in postwar Germany
Author » Barbara Louis (Reiterer), German Historical Institute Published: July 06, 2011 Updated: August 04, 2013
Anne Fischer
The Ludwig and Rosy Fischer Collection of German Expressionist Art
Transatlantic Careers: Migrant Biographies
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Stuttgart-born Anne Fischer became a social worker in the United States and played an active role in rebuilding German social services after World War II.
Born Anne Rosenberg in Stuttgart in 1902, Anne Fischer took classes in a variety of fields, such as chemistry, literature, psychology, and art history at universities in Stuttgart, Heidelberg, and Mannheim. In 1925, she married Ernst Fischer, a physiologist and outspoken socialist. The couple had two children in the subsequent years. After the National Socialists came to power, the Jewish-socialist family left Germany for the United States in 1934, going first to Rochester, NY. In 1935, they moved to Richmond, VA.
In the early 1940s, Anne Fischer started volunteering in refugee resettlement, i.e., she helped refugees from Nazi-occupied territories find accommodations and employment in the United States. After becoming acting director of the Richmond Jewish Community Center in 1942, she attended the Richmond Professional Institute (now Virginia Commonwealth University), where she graduated with a Master of Science in Social Work (MSSW) in 1944.
In addition to Anne Fischer's casework and supervising activities with a variety of welfare organizations in Richmond (e.g. Family Service Society, Memorial Guidance Clinic, Richmond Children's Aid Society, Jewish Family Services), she worked as a social work teacher both in the United States and in Europe. Her assignments as a welfare specialist for the U.S. State Department's International Educational Exchange Services as well as for the Victor Gollancz Stiftung enabled her to go back to Germany seven times for extended periods starting in 1952. During these assignments, Anne Fischer played a crucial role in rebuilding German social work according to new theoretical and methodological insights developed in the United States. Her German colleagues credited her with helping them overcome intellectual traditions in social work that were still dominated by authoritarian ideology and therefore build a more democratic profession. She also facilitated transatlantic exchange in the other direction. Anne Fischer supported German social work students who sought hands-on experience in the United States by arranging internships for them.
Hecker, Margarete. Anne Fischer: 'Glauben Sie, daß ,Alles Verstehen' identisch ist mit 'Alles Verzeihen'?. Edited by Joachim Wieler and Susanne Zeller, 89-99. Freiburg i. Breisgau: Lambertus, 1995.
Oral History Interview with Anne Fischer (interviewer: Joachim Wieler), Deutsches Zentralinstitut für Soziale Fragen, Berlin, Germany.
"Anne Fischer (Rosenberg)," Transatlantic Perspectives, 2021, Transatlantic Perspectives. 19 Jan 2021 <http://transatlanticperspectives.org/entry.php?rec=71>
"Anne Fischer (Rosenberg)." (2021) In Transatlantic Perspectives, Retrieved January 19, 2021, from Transatlantic Perspectives: http://transatlanticperspectives.org/entry.php?rec=71
Transatlantic Perspectives is a four year research project that explores the role of European migrants in transatlantic exchange processes during the mid-twentieth century.
The project is funded largely through a grant from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung).
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Ulster lawmakers reimbursed $13,000 to commute to county building (Copyright © 2013 Mid-Hudson News Network, a division of Statewide News Network, Inc) KINGSTON – A report by the Ulster County comptroller's office found that members of the county legislature were reimbursed over $13,000 for commuting miles to the county office building in Kingston last year. While county employees are not reimbursed to drive to and from home to work, state law allows county legislators to put in for that mileage. Legislators were reimbursed $17,497 for total miles traveled, which included $3,858 for business mileage. County Comptroller Elliott Auerbach said for the protection of the county and individual legislators, the reimbursements must be reported as taxable income and he recommended that a unique county policy be formally adopted by the legislature. The report, a follow up to a 2010 report on county mileage, found that over a five-year period, total county reimbursed mileage decreased by $400,000 with 2012 showing a $152,000 reduction from the 2008 baseline. "Utilization of vehicles from the county owned fleet, the cooperation of the executive's office and every department head, and a conscientious effort of every employee to embrace other cost saving measures contributed greatly to the savings," Auerbach said.