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Research institutes and facilities
Communications Research Centre Canada
Scientific publications—2017
2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 Archived
Each year, CRC's researchers author a number of publications communicating successes in advanced wireless telecommunications R&D. Integral to their work is sharing the results with others.
Here you will find abstracts and links to papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals or books or presented at conference proceedings.
If you experience issues accessing the full report or the website, please contact us. Other formats of documents are also available upon request.
Research publications—2017
Scattering behavior of AMC chessboard for RCS reduction application
Abstract: In this paper, two kinds of artificial magnetic conductors (AMC) are formed in a chessboard to reduce the radar cross section (RCS). Considering a 180+37° phase difference between reflection coefficients of both the AMC unit cells, frequency bandwidth of 55% from 2S.5GHz to 50GHz is obtained. In order to redirect energy and reduce RCS, the AMC structures are configured on chessboard surface. In addition, the influence of the incidence angle in the operating bandwidth of chessboard has been analyzed and compared with theoretical results. Meanwhile, TEz and TMz polarizations for oblique incidence are also investigated. © 2017 URSI.
Source title: 2017 32nd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science, URSI GASS 2017
DOI: 10.23919/URSIGASS.2017.8105308
Link: Scattering behavior of AMC chessboard for RCS reduction application
Samadi F., Akbari M., Chaharmir M.R., Sebak A.R.
Wideband RCS suppression based on FSS structures for millimeter applications
Abstract: In order to reduce the radar cross section (RCS) over a wide frequency range, two new designs are proposed and compared. For the design purposes, frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) have been applied due to their notable electromagnetic characteristics including reflection phase variations with frequency. Three different FSS unit cells are designed including large and small circles and multi-resonance square, to achieve 180+37° reflection phase difference over a wideband frequency range. Two different configurations using combinations of the three cells are examined in terms of the reflection phase difference. Numerical results of proposed designs show that those can cover monostatic RCS reduction of 44% and 51.4%, respectively. © 2017 URSI.
Link: Wideband RCS suppression based on FSS structures for millimeter applications
Mobile field comparison test of LDM and TDM based on ATSC 3.0
Abstract: Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0, which is the new international standard for next generation broadcasting, allows to deliver multiple services with different reception conditions in a single RF channel. In the physical layer standard of ATSC 3.0, two kind of multiplexing schemes are adopted: Orthogonal schemes including traditional time division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM), and a newly introduced non-orthogonal scheme, named layered division multiplexing (LDM). In this paper, we consider two services configured by LDM and TDM based on the ATSC 3.0 standard. Field test results which evaluate the mobile performance of LDM and TDM are provided. © 2017 IEEE.
Source title: IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting, BMSB
DOI: 10.1109/BMSB.2017.7986180
Link: Mobile field comparison test of LDM and TDM based on ATSC 3.0
Lim B.-M., Park S.I., Lee J.-Y., Kwon S., Kim H.M., Hur N., Wu Y., Kim J.
Antenna research and development for broadband communications at the communications research centre
Abstract: This paper presents several prototype antenna elements and arrays developed at the Communications Research Centre for potential use in broadband communication applications. Various configurations of dielectric resonator antennas and dielectric lens antennas are examined as well as reflectarray technology and advanced architectures for low-profile phased arrays. © 1998 IEEE.
Source title: Symposium on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, ANTEM 1998 — Conference Proceedings
DOI: 10.1109/ANTEM.1998.7861753
Link: Antenna research and development for broadband communications at the communications research centre
Petosa A., Ittipiboon A., Shaker J., Cuhaci M.
A novel technique for beam squint cancellation in planar reflectors
Abstract: Due to the frequency dependence of phasing mechanisms applied in planar printed reflectors, such antennas are prone to beam squint as the frequency is scanned within the operating band. A novel technique is introduced in this paper to cancel the beam squint due to frequency sweep. Another reflector is used to cancel the beam squint within the operating band. The results are compared with the beam squint of a conventional planar reflector in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested technique. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: A novel technique for beam squint cancellation in planar reflectors
Shaker J., Cuhaci M.
The design and analysis of Ka-band MMIC voltage-controlled oscillators
Abstract: A large-signal design procedure along with simulated and measured results for two Ka-band MMIC voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) are described. These circuits were built for deployment in 28GHz local multipoint distribution (or communication) systems (LMDS or LMCS) and 38GHz communication applications. They were designed for optimum phase-noise and spurious performance. The VCO for the 38GHz mobile communication systems was fabricated using a hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process. It provides an output power of 0dBm at 40.5GHz with a 200MHz tuning range and has a free-running phase-noise of-83dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset. The VCO for the 28GHz LMDS/LMCS application was fabricated using a high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) process. It oscillates at 29GHz, with a tuning range of 700MHz and buffered output power in excess of 20dBm, and has a free-running phase-noise of-62dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset. Once phase-locked using a 10MHz reference signal, the 29GHz VCO exhibits an improved phase-noise of-70dBc/Hz at 100kHz offset from the carrier. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: The design and analysis of Ka-band MMIC voltage-controlled oscillators
Do-Ky H., Stubbs M., Laneve T., Glaser C., Drolet D.
The addition of a field strength contour capability to NEC-2 and its application to the field emitted by an AM radio broadcast array
Abstract: This paper presents the development and the use of a FORTRAN program that was added to a NEC-81 version of the well known NEC-2 program for the purpose of computing field strength contours. Whereas a field radiation pattern identifies the field variation for a constant observation distance about the antenna, a field strength contour identifies the distance variation for a constant field strength (|Ez| here). Because field strength contours are meaningful in the near-field as well as the far-field zones, they are useful in providing a picture of the emission process everywhere about the antenna. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: The addition of a field strength contour capability to NEC-2 and its application to the field emitted by an AM radio broadcast array
Roy J.E.
Effects of inter-feed coupling on the axial ratio performance of circular polarized microstrip antennas
Abstract: Microstrip antennas are widely used in various applications from L-Band to EHF. Many of these applications, such as mobile satcom, require circular polarized (CP) antennas with wideband performance. The simplest designs for CP microstrip antennas involve a single point feed and a slight perturbation in the antenna structure. This results in a CP antenna with a narrow bandwidth and an average axial ratio (AR) performance. Wider bandwidth can be achieved by using a thicker and lower permittivity substrate with air being the best. Better AR can be obtained by using two point feeds where they are located spatially 90 degrees apart and are excited in phase quadrature with equal amplitude. For these thicker substrate antennas, however, there may be significant amount of coupling between the two feeds which will degrade the AR performance of the CP antennas. This paper will present the investigation of the effects of inter-feed coupling on the AR performance and will examine methods for minimizing the coupling for the optimum CP operation. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Effects of inter-feed coupling on the axial ratio performance of circular polarized microstrip antennas
Ittipiboon A., Petosa A., Cuhaci M.
Design of a 60 GHz subharmonic mixer MMIC
Abstract: The design of a subharmonically pumped (SHP), monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) mixer for future wireless communications applications is described. The mixer uses an anti-parallel diode pair to achieve frequency translation by mixing the RF signal with the second harmonic of the fundamental LO pump. The circuit was fabricated by Triquint Semiconductor Inc. using their GaAs MMIC PHEMT process. The overall chip size is 1.2 mm × 1.3 mm. Measured conversion loss is 13 dB with a 61 GHz RF input signal and RF port return loss is better than 10 dB over a 61.4 to 62.5 GHz frequency range. Simulation predicts a conversion loss of 13 dB over 59 to 61 GHz band and an RF port return loss of better than 10 dB over this range. The simulated 1-dB compression point occurs with an RF input power level of 5 dBm. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Design of a 60 GHz subharmonic mixer MMIC
Verver C.J., Laneve T., Stubbs M.G.
Evaluation of the FVTD technique for electromagnetic field problems containing highly inhomogeneous structures
Abstract: In this paper, the cut-off frequency of the dominant mode of a finned waveguide is computed using the Symmetric Condensed Node Transmission Line Matrix (SCN-TLM) and Finite Volume Time Domain (FVTD) methods. The cut-off frequencies are computed for various sizes of fins as well as fine and coarse meshes. The values of the cut-off frequencies are obtained and compared with each other and with a benchmark solution. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Evaluation of the FVTD technique for electromagnetic field problems containing highly inhomogeneous structures
Siushansian R., Simons N.R.S., Lovetri J.
A 3D vector LGA model for computational electromagnetics
Abstract: Lattice gas automata (LGA) are an alternative to the traditional differential equation based numerical methods now widely used in computational electromagnetics[1]. Lattice gas automata are based on studying the behaviour of an extremely large array of simple cells. The states of the cells are very simple, usually consisting of only a few bits per cell. A lattice gas is a microscopic description of physics of the problem being modelling, where the bits in the cell can be envisioned as particles which are intended to mimic the interaction of particles on the lattice. The LGA evolves in discrete time steps, where all cells in the lattice are updated in synchronism according to the sample simple rule. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: A 3D vector LGA model for computational electromagnetics
Zhang M., Bridges G., Simons N.
Portable radio handset patterns in the presence of a model of the head
Abstract: This paper examines the principal plane radiation patterns of a portable radio handset at 850 MHz operating near a model of the human head. The handset and head are solved by the finite-difference time-domain method. To validate the computed patterns, they are compared with measured radiation patterns, with excellent agreement for the handset alone and very good agreement for both the handset near the box model of the head, and the handset near the sphere head model. FDTD is then used to find the principal plane patterns of the handset near a realistic model of the head based on anatomical cross-sections. The principal plane patterns of the handset and anatomical head are shown to be very similar to those of the handset near a sphere of size comparable to the head. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Portable radio handset patterns in the presence of a model of the head
Trueman C.W., Kubina S.J., Roy J.E., Lauber W.R.
Ultra-high-speed compound semiconductor polarization/mode converter using slow-wave coplanar electrodes
Abstract: Recent progress made toward the development of ultra-high-speed, wide-band, electro-optic modulators, fabricated in compound semiconductors, is described. Specifically, integrated-optic polarization converters, a typical application being TE = TM mode conversion, which can be fabricated in compound semiconductors are discussed. These devices use slow-wave, coplanar strip electrodes to achieve the velocity-match condition between a modulating microwave signal and a modulated optical signal. The paper describes the slow-wave electrodes and the theory of operation, the design, and the fabrication of the integrated-optic polarization converters that use them. Electrical measurements for the slow-wave electrodes showing them to be low-loss, below 0.4 Np/cm, and to be able to meet the velocity-match condition, having effective indices ∼ 3.4, have been made for frequencies up to 40 GHz. Also, optical measurements for the polarization converters showing no appreciable drop in optical modulation have been made for frequencies up to 20 GHz. Finally, design improvements that will aid in the development of such devices having low drive power requirements and optical bandwidths above 100 GHz are discussed. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Ultra-high-speed compound semiconductor polarization/mode converter using slow-wave coplanar electrodes
Jaeger N.A.F., Rahmatian F., James R., Berolo E.
Scattering from biological tissue using the SCN transmission line matrix method
Abstract: In this paper the application of the symmetric condensed node transmission line matrix method (SCN TLM) to three dimensional scattering from biological tissue is investigated. Using a simplified model of the human head and assuming a nondispersive nature of biological tissue, the stub-loaded SCN TLM method is used to obtain scattered and transmitted fields data and the SAR distribution. To simulate the dispersive nature of biological tissue, first order Debye approximation of the permittivity in the frequency domain is used. A modified TLM technique is used. In this technique the scattering matrix is independent of the dielectric properties of the medium, which are accounted for via lumped equivalent networks or sources connected to the nodes. These equivalent sources are calculated at each time step and included in the scattering procedure of the TLM. The results of both cases are compared. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Scattering from biological tissue using the SCN transmission line matrix method
El-Babli I., Sebak A., Simons N.
Extraction of generalized scattering matrix coefficients of waveguide discontinuities using the TLM method
Abstract: In this paper, a method for obtaining the generalized scattering matrix coefficients of both the propagating and evanescent modes of waveguide discontinuities is presented. The method is based on the modal expansion of field distributions obtained from Transmission Line Matrix (TLM) simulations and use of the orthogonality principle to quantify the presence of specific modes. Using this approach, the coefficients have been evaluated close to discontinuities in the presence of higher order propagating as well as evanescent modes. This simple and rigorous approach enables us to characterize a discontinuity with reduced computational effort. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Extraction of generalized scattering matrix coefficients of waveguide discontinuities using the TLM method
Ghosh B., Simons N.R.S., Shafai L., Ittipiboon A., Petosa A., Cuhaci M.
Propagation simulation for the prediction of LMCS/LMDS coverage
Abstract: Work in progress on a propagation simulator is described. This simulator is being written for the purpose of predicting coverage for LMCS/LMDS systems in suburban environments. Preliminary coverage predictions are given based on a randomly generated environment database. These predictions suggest the relative importance of various factors in determining coverage, including the use of specular reflections, the effect of rain, and the effect of system design choices such as power margin, the use of cell overlap and on-channel repeaters. The ongoing verification of the simulator using experimental power measurements is summarized, as well as resulting changes made to the simulator to date. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Propagation simulation for the prediction of LMCS/LMDS coverage
Decruyenaere J.-P., Falconer D.
Investigation of active array geometries to optimize performance for 30 GHz portable satellite communications terminals
Abstract: This paper describes the research and development of a cavity-structure-based 30 GHz transmitting antenna for a portable satellite communication terminal, with focus on minimizing grating lobe levels in far-field amplitude radiation patterns. A hexagonal array architecture was found to offer the best performance in terms of grating lobe level suppression. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Investigation of active array geometries to optimize performance for 30 GHz portable satellite communications terminals
Mekelburg T., Petosa A., Ittipiboon A., Shaker J., Sebak A.
Radio propagation data pertinent to the design of LMCS systems at 28 GHz
Abstract: This paper reports work in progress on the analysis of radio propagation data measured at 28.5 GHz and 29.5 GHz in a suburban-type residential area in Ottawa. Both CW and wideband measurements were made in several radio propagation surveys. Issues discussed include: propagation loss in cluttered environments; cumulative probability distributions (CDFs) for excess loss; cross polarisation isolation, and temporal dispersion caused by multipath propagation. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Radio propagation data pertinent to the design of LMCS systems at 28 GHz
Bultitude R., Hou P., Hahn R., Hendrantoro G., Falconer D., Bérubé R.
TLM simulations of parasitic coupling in rectangular dielectric resonator antennas
Abstract: TLM simulations and experimental investigations are carried out at 13-15 GHz using parasitically coupled rectangular dielectric resonator antenna elements. Several configurations are examined with the results being increased bandwidth, dual frequency operation and manipulated radiation pattern characteristics. Close agreement is obtained between measurement and simulation. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: TLM simulations of parasitic coupling in rectangular dielectric resonator antennas
Henry B., Petosa A., Antar Y.M.M., Morin G.A.
Computing electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous media using lattice Gas Automata
Abstract: Lattice Gas Automata (LGA) can be considered as an alternative to the conventional differential equation description of problems in electromagnetics. LGAs are discrete dynamical systems that are based on a microscopic model of the physics being simulated. The basic constituents of an LGA are discrete cells. These cells are interconnected according to certain symmetric requirements to form an extremely large regular lattice. The cells of an LGA are extremely simple, requiring only a few bits to completely describe their states. Even through they are simple however, the collective behaviour of LGA microscopic systems are capable of exhibiting those behaviours described by partial differential equations for real physical systems. One type of simple LGA, the HPP LGA, is constructed with only a few bits per cell and operated on a rectangular lattice. We have demonstrated [1] that it is capable of simulating two dimensional electromagnetic fields. Furthermore, the inherent parallelism and simplicity of LGA algorithms make them ideally suited to implementation in a parallel processing architecture. © 1998 IEEE.
Link: Computing electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous media using lattice Gas Automata
Zhang M., Cule D., Shafai L., Bridges G., Simons N.
A printed quasi-Yagi antenna with dual-stub-loaded parasitic strip director for bandwidth enhancement
Abstract: A novel printed quasi-Yagi antenna with dual stubs loaded on a parasitic strip director has been presented. The impedance bandwidth is analyzed and compared when we add or eliminate the parasitic strip director. Then, two open stubs are loaded on the strip to excite an additional resonant mode, which lead to a wider impedance bandwidth. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this design, an antenna prototype is fabricated and tested. Experimental results show that the antenna provides a bandwidth ranging from 4.4 to 9.3 GHz and within the whole band larger than 4.1 dBi gain is achieved. Additionally, the proposed antenna presents a stable end-fire radiation directivity and low cross-polarization level at different frequencies with a compact structural size of 35 mm × 26 mm. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:447–451, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Source title: Microwave and Optical Technology Letters
DOI: 10.1002/mop.30298
Link: A printed quasi-Yagi antenna with dual-stub-loaded parasitic strip director for bandwidth enhancement
Xu K.-D., Xu H., Liu Y.-H., Liu Q.-H., Zeng Q.
Unidirectional invisibility induced by parity-time symmetric circuit
Abstract: Parity-time (PT) symmetric structures present the unidirectional invisibility at the spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking point. In this paper, we propose a PT-symmetric circuit consisting of a resistor and a microwave tunnel diode (TD) which represent the attenuation and amplification, respectively. Based on the scattering matrix method, the circuit can exhibit an ideal unidirectional performance at the spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking point by tuning the transmission lines between the lumped elements. Additionally, the resistance of the reactance component can alter the bandwidth of the unidirectional invisibility flexibly. Furthermore, the electromagnetic simulation for the proposed circuit validates the unidirectional invisibility and the synchronization with the input energy well. Our work not only provides an unidirectional invisible circuit based on PT-symmetry, but also proposes a potential solution for the extremely selective filter or cloaking applications. © 2017 The Author(s).
Source title: Scientific Reports
DOI: 10.1038/srep40575
Link: Unidirectional invisibility induced by parity-time symmetric circuit
Lv B., Fu J., Wu B., Li R., Zeng Q., Yin X., Wu Q., Gao L., Chen W., Wang Z., Liang Z., Li A., Ma R.
Multilayer iterative FEC decoding for video transmission over wireless networks
Abstract: Forward error correction (FEC) plays an important role in modern wireless networks to protect video transmission from errors. For example, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, a class of popular FEC option, have been widely adopted by the most advanced wireless communication systems, including IEEE 802.16e, 802.11n, and DVB-S2/T2 [1-3]. To improve the bit error rate (BER) performance, this chapter develops a novel multilayer LDPC iterative decoding scheme using deterministic bits for multimedia communication. These bits serve as deterministic information in the LDPC decoding process to reduce the redundancy during video transmission. Unlike the existing work, our proposed scheme addresses the deterministic bits that can be repositioned, such as moving picture experts group (MPEG) null packets and service information (SI) bits, rather than the widely investigated protocol headers. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can achieve considerable gain in today's most popular broadband wireless multimedia networks, such as WiMAX and WiFi. © 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Source title: Advanced Video Communications over Wireless Networks
DOI: 10.1201/b13746
Link: Multilayer iterative FEC decoding for video transmission over wireless networks
Rong B., Wu Y., Gagnon G.
A Novel Two-Layer Low-Profile 23-GHz Microstrip Array Fed by Slots in an SIW for Wireless Backhauling Applications
Abstract: This paper proposes a robust option for developing a new class of efficient and cheap antenna array based on patch array fed by substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) through slot apertures for wireless backhauling applications. It consists in performing the feed network in SIW and the radiating structure in microstrip technology. The microstrip lines are coupled to the slots on the top wall of the SIW. Hence, it is demonstrated that the best alternative of the costly, heavy, and bulky rectangular waveguide feeder is SIW, which provides miniaturization, cost reductions, performance enhancements, and easy integration with patch array antennas. The experimental prototype presented in this paper demonstrates the efficiency of the design method and the feasibility of creating low-cost moderate-bandwidth millimeter-wave planar 8× 8 patch antenna array configurations in two stacked substrates to get ultracompact antenna module. The principle of achieving such high-quality antenna array is presented in detail along with experimental verification of theoretical results to validate the design procedure and demonstration of the feasibility of implementing the array by means of relatively inexpensive compact structures. The maximum gain is around 23 dBi at 22.4 GHz, the measured impedance bandwidth is 5%, and the efficiency is around 70%. © 2011-2012 IEEE.
Source title: IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology
DOI: 10.1109/TCPMT.2017.2706089
Link: A Novel Two-Layer Low-Profile 23-GHz Microstrip Array Fed by Slots in an SIW for Wireless Backhauling Applications
Hautcoeur, J., Hettak, K., Talbi, L., Nedil, M., Shaker, J., Wu, K.
Efficient Transmission of Multiple Broadcasting Services Using LDM and SHVC
Abstract: In this paper, we present an efficient transmission method of multiple broadcasting services using layered division multiplexing (LDM) and scalable high efficiency video coding (SHVC) based on the next generation terrestrial digital broadcasting standard, advanced television systems committee 3.0. In a two-layer LDM system, each layer forms a physical layer pipe that carries base layer and enhancement layer video streams of SHVC, respectively. This combination of physical and presentation layers technologies can maximize channel utilization when multiple broadcasting services are delivered in a single radio frequency channel with different robustness and reception conditions. An intensive performance analysis is provided when the proposed combination of LDM and SHVC is compared with other approaches, such as time division multiplexing and/or high efficiency video coding simulcast broadcasting. Several performance measurements are also introduced, such as constant data rate measurement and constant quality measurement, which are used to evaluate the performance of video codecs in conjunction with different physical layer system parameters. A prototype hardware system with LDM and SHVC capable of selecting different parameter combinations is tested in the laboratory and in real field environments to verify the performance and feasibility of the proposed LDM and SHVC combination. Results show that the proposed LDM and SHVC combination provides significant gains on video service quality as well as reception robustness. IEEE
Source title: IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting
DOI: 10.1109/TBC.2017.2755264
Link: Efficient Transmission of Multiple Broadcasting Services Using LDM and SHVC
Lee, J., Park, S., Kwon, S., Lim, B., Kim, H.M., Hur, N., Pesin, A., Chevet, J., Llach, J., Stein, A.J., Jeon, S., Wu, Y.
Graceful Frequency Adaptation for Networks Coexisting in Uncoordinated Spectrum Bands
Abstract: A framework for frequency adaptation is proposed to enable networks that coexist in uncoordinated spectrum bands to gradually change their operating frequencies to attain interference-tolerant conditions. It is shown that incorporating channel conditions and cross-layer information in making frequency adaptation decisions significantly increases spectrum utilization efficiency and reduces access delay.
Source title: IEEE Wireless Communications Letters
Series Number: vol 6, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1109/LWC.2017.2671421
Link: Graceful Frequency Adaptation for Networks Coexisting in Uncoordinated Spectrum Bands
Rutagemwa, Humphrey
High-Performance Multicast Services in 5G Big Data Network with Massive MIMO
Abstract: This paper investigates the application of 5G wireless multicast to the big data system. In particular, we propose a hybrid unicast/multicast transmission scheme using 3D massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) technique. The proposed scheme employs multicast beamforming in the multicast group and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) linear precoding in the unicast group. It also applies the null space based interference cancellation to eliminate the signal leakage generated by other groups. Simulation results show that the proposed system can significantly improve the system throughput with an antenna array configuration, precoding/beamforming schemes and user grouping strategies. © 2017 IEEE.
Source title: IEEE International Conference on Communications
DOI: 10.1109/ICC.2017.7996723
Link: High-Performance Multicast Services in 5G Big Data Network with Massive MIMO
Xiao, K., Wang, F., Rutagemwa, H., Michel, K., Rong, B.
Is it Possible to Build a Low-Ccost System to Detect and Locate a Single GNSS Jammer in Near-Real Time?
Abstract: The geolocation of GPS Jammers is a problem that has not been solved. Technically there are solutions that are expensive and not effective. This work demonstrates an effective low—cost near—real time detection and location solution.
Source title: INSIDE GNSS MAGAZINE
Series Number: Vol 12, Issue 1
Link: Is it Possible to Build a Low-Ccost System to Detect and Locate a Single GNSS Jammer in Near-Real Time?
Bose, Alexis
Media Transmission by Cooperation of Cellular Network and Broadcasting Network
Abstract: Future media transmission as a consistent target is pursued by both next mobile communication system (5G) and advanced digital terrestrial television system. High data rate and flexibility are major considerations for future media transmission. Broadcasting network facilitates high-efficiency transmission of popular or live video in large area, and while, cellular network tends to provide personalized and localized services with a unicast/multicast model. The broadcast-like scheme emerges in 5G to resolve the high demand for bandwidth. However, it requires high deployment cost and imposes much interference on unicast/multicast services. In this paper, a cooperative structure of cellular network and broadcasting network using cloud radio access network (C-RAN) is proposed. The expenses of constructing hybrid network can be significantly cut down by applying the centralization and virtualization of C-RAN. Besides, technical approaches for 3GPP and ATSC cooperation in physical layer is detailed. Dedicated return channel (DRC) of broadcasting network is proposed to enable seamless interaction between broadcasters and few users in a remote area with high expense of cellular tower deployment. To loosen the real-time physical layer pipes period restriction of DRC system, three alternative periods are investigated to provide more flexibility to broadcasters. 2017 IEEE.
Link: Media Transmission by Cooperation of Cellular Network and Broadcasting Network
Wang, Y., He, D., Ding, L., Zhang, W., Li, W., Wu, Y., Liu, N., Wang, Y.
New Multimedia Archiving Technique Using Multiple Quick-Response Codes
Abstract: Quick Response (QR) code is a two-dimensional bar-code, which is quite popular due to its excellent storage capacity and error resilience. Generally, QR codes are widely used to store text information such as URL links, geographical coordinates, name cards, inventory information, authorship, etc. To reach the current limit of QR codes, in this paper, we would like to propose an innovative multimedia archiving technique, which is built upon the advanced signal processing scheme to tackle the multiple QR codes all at once. The multimedia data often include texts, images, audio data, special-purpose codes, etc. The recently proposed software-defined multiplexing code (SDMC) can be applied to combine all of them even though each type of data would have the individual data format different from others. Our proposed new archiving technique involves two phases, namely multimedia-amalgamation (MA) and multimedia-detachment (MD). In the MA phase, the multimedia data, regardless of their data format, can be converted to the binary streams; then the SDMC will be employed to aggregate them together in a longer binary stream; such an ultimate long binary stream will be converted to the QR codes. The QR codes, protected by the inherent error-correction mechanism, will thus be placed on a sheet or multiple sheets with a uniform spacing. The sheet(s) containing multiple QR codes can thus be archived in soft (PDF) or hard (print-out) copies. In the MD (recovery) phase, one can scan these PDF files and employ our designed signal processing algorithms to separate the individual QR codes; then the corresponding QR decoder can convert these QR codes back to the original binary stream. Finally the unstuffing algorithm in the SDMC can detach the individual data from the long binary stream composed by the multimedia mixture. © 2017 IEEE.
Link: New Multimedia Archiving Technique Using Multiple Quick-Response Codes
Sarkar, S., Pu, L., Wu, H.-C., Huang, S.C.-H., Wu, Y.
Novel Electronic Scissoring Algorithm
Abstract: The electronic media, such as digital magazines and newspapers, are becoming more and more popular nowadays. The computer-aided information retrieval of such electronic documents is crucial for any further data-mining applications. In this paper, we proposed a novel electronic scissoring algorithm to automatically extract the image content from an arbitrary electronic document. Our proposed new algorithm contains two steps, namely the information-content extraction and the image-content detection. In the first step, everything other than the background is extracted using a computationally-efficient variance filter. The information content usually consists of text, image, and delimiters. The next step, the entropy measure is employed to distinguish the images from other content. Experiments are carried out using data captured from random web-pages. The receiver-operating characteristic curves have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed new algorithm. © 2017 IEEE.
Link: Novel Electronic Scissoring Algorithm
Pu, L., Wu, H.-C., Mukhopadhyay, S., Kooima, R., Wu, Y.
User Association Algorithm for Throughput Improvement in High-Density Wireless Networks
Abstract: The default mechanism for a wireless station to select which access point (AP) to associate with is based on the strength of the received signal by the station. This leads to stations associating to the closest AP. In situations where user stations are concentrated around one AP, the default algorithm (DA) results in an unbalanced distribution of station-AP associations. This causes congestion at the AP with many associated stations, which degrades the network throughput. We propose a novel association algorithm called Time-Load Algorithm (TLA) that associates stations to an AP based on the time-loading of that AP as well as its signal strength. We evaluate the performance of our TLA in comparison with the DA in different scenarios based on network throughput and packet delivery ratio. The simulation results clearly indicate that the TLA outperforms the DA in all scenarios alleviating highly loaded APs and improving throughput experience. © 2017 IEEE.
Source title: 2017 26th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN 2017
DOI: 10.1109/ICCCN.2017.8038500
Link: User Association Algorithm for Throughput Improvement in High-Density Wireless Networks
Issa, O., Ge, Y., Chaudhry, A. U., Doray, B.
X-Band Circularly Polarized Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator of DRA
Abstract: In this paper, an X-band electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) of circularly polarized dielectric resonator antennas (CP-DRAs) is proposed. The array consists of one driven CPDRA coupled to four parasitic CP-DRAs. The parasitic elements are placed adopting a sequential rotation approach and are terminated by tunable varactors to steer the beam into the desired direction. The proposed CP-ESPAR technique eliminates the need of expensive phase shifters, which significantly reduces cost and fabrication complexity. For performance evaluation, a prototype of the proposed antenna is designed, fabricated, and measured. It is observed that the proposed antenna has a monotonic CP beam scanning from −22° to 22°; operating at 10.5 GHz. In addition, the peak value of the realized gain is 6.6 dBic with 0.9 dB variation within the entire scanning range. IEEE
Source title: IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation
DOI: 10.1109/TAP.2017.2780895
Link: X-Band Circularly Polarized Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator of DRA
Movahedinia, R., Sebak, A.R., Chaharmir, M.R., Nikkhah, M.R., Kishk, A.A.
Versatile Molecular Silver Ink Platform for Printed Flexible Electronics
Abstract: A silver molecular ink platform formulated for screen, inkjet, and aerosol jet printing is presented. A simple formulation comprising silver neodecanoate, ethyl cellulose, and solvent provides improved performance versus that of established inks, yet with improved economics. Thin, screen-printed traces with exceptional electrical (<10 mΩ/□/mil or 12 μΩ·cm) and mechanical properties are achieved following thermal or photonic sintering, the latter having never been demonstrated for silver-salt-based inks. Low surface roughness, submicron thicknesses, and line widths as narrow as 41 μm outperform commercial ink benchmarks based on flakes or nanoparticles. These traces are mechanically robust to flexing and creasing (less than 10% change in resistance) and bind strongly to epoxy-based adhesives. Thin traces are remarkably conformal, enabling fully printed metal-insulator-metal band-pass filters. The versatility of the molecular ink platform enables an aerosol jet-compatible ink that yields conductive features on glass with 2× bulk resistivity and strong adhesion to various plastic substrates. An inkjet formulation is also used to print top source/drain contacts and demonstrate printed high-mobility thin film transistors (TFTs) based on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. TFTs with mobility values of ∼25 cm2 V-1 s-1 and current on/off ratios >104 were obtained, performance similar to that of evaporated metal contacts in analogous devices. © 2017 American Chemical Society.
Source title: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02573
Link: Versatile Molecular Silver Ink Platform for Printed Flexible Electronics
Kell, A.J., Paquet, C., Mozenson, O., Djavani-Tabrizi, I., Deore, B., Liu, X., Lopinski, G.P., James, R., Hettak, K., Shaker, J., Momciu, A., Ferrigno, J., Ferrand, O., Hu, J.X., Lafrenière, S., Malenfant, P.R.L.
A Practical Air Time Control Strategy for Wi-Fi in Diverse Environment
Abstract: 802.11 (Wi-Fi) networks are widely deployed, providing access to a huge number of users using the unlicensed spectrum. Wi-Fi users have different bandwidth capabilities based on location, interference and application requirements. Given the way Wi-Fi accesses the wireless spectrum, tests in our lab and reports in the literature showed that low bandwidth Wi-Fi users take a big portion of the air time, hindering the performance of high bandwidth users. Some vendors address this with proprietary solutions that requires special drivers and chipsets. In this paper, we design and implement a portable solution that runs on any Wi-Fi device and doesn't require modifications to the hardware or the standard protocols. We propose different air time allocation strategies exploiting the Hierarchical Token Bucket (HTB) bandwidth management capability found in any Linux distribution. Weights and air quotas are calculated for different users based on a traffic shaping strategy. Compared to normal Wi-Fi access, tests showed that the proposed solution enables a flexible control of air time allocation to contending users without the need for proprietary drivers. Moreover, the results demonstrated an improvement of the throughput ratio and stability for most of the users, hence, making better use of the unlicensed spectrum. © 2017 IEEE.
Source title: 2017 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshops, WCNCW 2017
DOI: 10.1109/WCNCW.2017.7919116
Link: A Practical Air Time Control Strategy for Wi-Fi in Diverse Environment
Fang, Y., Doray, B., Issa, O.
Performance Study of Dedicated in-band Control Channels for Cognitive Radio Networks
Abstract: Cognitive Radio (CR) technology offers a promising solution to the spectrum scarcity problem via Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA). Due to the nature of Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), where two networks are active simultaneously, a significant amount of control messaging is required in order to coordinate channel access, schedule sensing, and establish release connections. Efficient Control Plane messaging can be achieved by the selection of an appropriate Control Channel (CC). This paper gives a comparative study of potential techniques for providing reliable channels dedicated to the coordination and information distribution in License-Exempt (LE) bands. This involves determining the potential and limitations of each technique. © 2017 IEEE.
Source title: 2017 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications
DOI: 10.1109/ICCNC.2017.7876226
Link: Performance Study of Dedicated in-band Control Channels for Cognitive Radio Networks
Sabbah, A., Issa, O., Doray, B.
Improving LTE {e} MBMS with Extended OFDM Parameters and Layered-division-Multiplexing
Abstract: The evolved multimedia broadcast multicast service (eMBMS) system was developed to achieve higher spectrum efficiency on video traffic delivery over the long term evolution (LTE) networks. As an integrated component of the LTE, eMBMS can be deployed with great flexibility using the existing LTE infrastructure. However, the current eMBMS was designed as a supplementary subsystem, and has limited capability to deliver high-quality broadcast-type video services in a spectrum efficient manner. This paper first studies the capability and limitations of the current LTE eMBMS system to deliver broadcast services when deployed as single-frequency-network (SFN). Next, potential physical-layer enhancements are investigated for future eMBMS systems to achieve enhanced broadcast service delivery capability, higher spectrum efficiency, improved service quality, and more efficient SFN deployment options. These include wideband transmission, non-orthogonal multiplexing, e.g., layered-division-multiplexing technology, and more flexible orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system configurations, such as longer cyclic prefix and smaller subcarrier spacing. Other technologies defined in the latest next generation digital television system are also discussed that might be applicable to the development of a more capable standalone future eMBMS system. © 1963-12012 IEEE.
Series Number: Volume 63 Issue 1
Link: Improving LTE {e} MBMS with Extended OFDM Parameters and Layered-division-Multiplexing
Zhang, L., Wu, Y., Walker, G.K., Li, W., Salehian, K., Florea, A.
Using LDM to Achieve Seamless Local Service Insertion and Local Program Coverage in SFN Environment
Abstract: Layered division multiplexing (LDM) is a spectrum efficient non-orthogonal multiplexing technology that has been adopted in the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0 Physical Layer Standard as a baseline technology. This paper studies a two-layer LDM with one layer used for providing a global service through a single frequency network (SFN), and the other for providing local coverage/services, such as location targeted advertising or local content insertion. The pilot boosting effect on SNR and co-channel interference is also analyzed. The LDM upper layer can be used to deliver time-division multiplexed mobile-HD and 4k-UHD services. The LDM lower layer with a negative SNR threshold can reliably provide seamless local coverage/service from each SFN transmitter without coverage gaps among adjacent SFN transmitter service areas. No directional receiving antenna is required for the local service reception and receivers simply tune into the stronger signal. In such LDM systems, while the upper layer is operating in a traditional SFN mode, the lower layer operates in a special form of distributed MIMO or gap-filler mode to provide targeted local coverage. For implementing the two-layer system introduced in this paper, only ATSC 3.0 baseline technologies are used, i.e., there is no need to modify the ATSC 3.0 standard. Given the upper and lower layers' data rate requirements and the SNR thresholds, the lower layer power, with respect to the upper layer (injection level), can be optimized to maximize upper and lower layer performance and coverage. Since the advertisement time of the local service is typically less than 20% of the program time, nonreal time could be used to play-back the local content at five times the transmission bit rate for better (audio/video) service quality. © 1963-12012 IEEE.
Link: Using LDM to Achieve Seamless Local Service Insertion and Local Program Coverage in SFN Environment
Li, W., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Salehian, K., Lafleche, S., He, D., Wang, Y., Guan, Y., Zhang, W., Montalban, J., Angueira, P., Velez, M., Park, S.-I., Lee, J.-Y., Kim, H.-M.
ATSC 3.0 Transmitter Identification Signals and Applications
Abstract: In the ATSC 3.0 PHY layer standard, a transmitter identification (TxID) signal is defined in order to provide the identification of an ATSC 3.0 transmitter. TxID signal can also be used to find the co-channel and adjacent interference signals, to assist accurate location finding calculation, and to obtain the channel estimation for each transmitter, which can help local service (e.g., targeted advertisement) reception, as well as for emergency alert. For efficient use of spectrum and quality of service improvement, single frequency network (SFN) where all transmitters share a single RF channel is often implemented. The recently developed ATSC 3.0 physical layer standard has been designed to support SFN. For efficient designing, fine-tuning and operating an SFN, it is crucial to identify each transmitter, as well as to adjust transmitting power and emission time of each transmitter. This paper presents TxID for ATSC 3.0, and analyzes its detection performance under very low signal to noise ratio environments and other applications, such as location finding, and channel estimation etc. for each SFN transmitter. © 1963-12012 IEEE.
Link: ATSC 3.0 Transmitter Identification Signals and Applications
Park, S.-I., Li, W., Lee, J.-Y., Wu, Y., Wang, X., Kwon, S., Lim, B.-M., Kim, H.M., Hur, N., Zhang, L., Kim, J.
Multiple Service Configurations Based on Layered Division Multiplexing
Abstract: In this paper, we present multiple service configurations based on layered division multiplexing (LDM), which is adopted as a baseline technology of the Advanced Television Systems Committee 3.0 standard. Based on a two-layer LDM technology, a variety of multiple-physical layer pipe (PLP) configurations as well as physical layer framing is introduced depending on the choices of service scenario, time interleaving, and cell addressing. A performance analysis is provided when three different broadcasting services - robust audio, indoor/mobile, and high data rate services - are delivered through different PLPs when a number of broadcasting service scenarios is presented. © 1963-12012 IEEE.
Link: Multiple Service Configurations Based on Layered Division Multiplexing
Lee, J.-Y., Park, S.-I., Kwon, S., Lim, B.-M., Kim, H.M., Montalban, J., Angueira, P., Zhang, L., Li, W., Wu, Y.-Y., Kim, J.
Multipath Routing Optimization with Interference Consideration in Wireless Ad hoc Network
Abstract: This paper proposes a multipath routing optimization algorithm for allocating bandwidth resources to nodes that are subject to interference from flows in other parts of the network. The algorithm consists of three steps: path discovery, path selection and load distribution. In addition to delay, power and hop count, the routing metric also takes into account the interference of flows from other parts of the network during path selection and load distribution. An optimization model is formulated based on the flow cost and the bandwidth usage by the other flows. The AIMMS package is used to solve the optimization problem to obtain an optimal solution with the minimum total flow cost. Finally, we use computer simulations to assess the performance and effectiveness of the proposed routing technique.
Source title: Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, LNICST
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51204-4_21
Link: Multipath Routing Optimization with Interference Consideration in Wireless Ad hoc Network
He J., Yang O., Zhou Y., Issa O.
Scalable and Flexible Massive MIMO Precoding for 5G H-CRAN
Abstract: Scalability and flexibility are widely considered as two major design goals for 5G networks. Aiming at these goals, this article first identifies a promising architecture based on the heterogeneous cloud radio access network (H-CRAN), reviews the challenges in MIMO precoding for H-CRAN, and then proposes a scalable and flexible massive MIMO precoding scheme by exploiting the null-space of user signals. Specifically, the system can accomplish effective radio resource management and flexible spatial coordination by distinguishing the intended and victim users' CSI, and avoid the interference by precoding within the null-space for the CSI of victim users. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme is capable to effectively alleviate the interference to victim users and support high QoS as well as spectral efficiency. © 2002-2012 IEEE.
Source title: IEEE Wireless Communications
DOI: 10.1109/MWC.2017.1600139WC
Link: Scalable and Flexible Massive MIMO Precoding for 5G H-CRAN
Chen, N., Rong, B., Zhang, X., Kadoch, M.
Relative Localization for Small Wireless Sensor Networks
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate relative localization techniques based on internode distance measurements for small wireless networks. High precision ranging is assumed, which is achieved by using technologies such as ultra-wide band (UWB) ranging. A number of approaches are formulated and compared for relative location estimation, which include the Linear Least Squares (LLS) approach, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach, the Map Registration Approach (MAP), the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach and the enhanced MDS approaches. Finally, computer simulations are used to compare the performances and effectiveness of these techniques, and conclusions are drawn on the suitability of the relative localization techniques for small networks. © ICST Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering 2017.
Series Number: Volume 184
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51204-4_2
Link: Relative Localization for Small Wireless Sensor Networks
Zhou, Y., Wong, F.
A Novel Multilayer Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure Composed of Square Rings as Microwave Guiding Structures
Abstract: This paper presents a novel electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure composed of stacked U-shaped 3-D lattice of metallic open square rings and its potential application to selected waveguide configurations. Five key geometrical parameters are shown to impact the bandgap and modal structure of the EBG. Using this insight, we demonstrate two different configurations for line defect that realize guiding through the structure at Ku-band. The proposed EBG structure overcomes the fabrication complexity of conventional 2-D EBGs that are composed of dielectric rods or holes in a dielectric material. Selected EBG waveguide configurations with transitions to conventional microwave guiding structures are fabricated and tested. © 2016 IEEE.
Link: A Novel Multilayer Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure Composed of Square Rings as Microwave Guiding Structures
Ouassal, H., Shaker, J., Roy, L., Chaharmir, M.R., Hettak, K.
Editorial: Ad Hoc Networking and Emerging Applications
Abstract: [No abstract available]
Source title: Mobile Networks and Applications
Link: Editorial: Ad Hoc Networking and Emerging Applications
Zhou, Y., Kunz, T., Fischer, S., Zhong, Z.
Dynamic Joint Resource Allocation and Relay Selection for 5G Multi-hop Relay Systems
Abstract: LTE/LTE-A networks have become widely exploited to address the increasing demands of mobile traffic. Relay technologies have recently been introduced to fulfill such requirements. Currently, the LTE-A relay standard is restricted to two-hop relaying. This architecture minimizes system complexity, but multi-hop relay architecture could potentially provide greater capacity and coverage in the future. However, many complexities of the multi-hop relaying paradigm must be resolved. In this work, we focus on downlink resource allocation and relay selection, by which a user may be connected to a base station through a multi-hop relay and have several relay stations from which to choose within his range. To overcome the additional challenges introduced by multi-hop relay nodes, we propose a dynamic joint resource allocation and relay selection scheme. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the validity of the proposed algorithm. © 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Source title: Telecommunication Systems
Link: Dynamic Joint Resource Allocation and Relay Selection for 5G Multi-hop Relay Systems
BenMimoune, A., Khasawneh, F.A., Rong, B., Kadoch, M.
Coverage Analysis on Improved LTE eMBMS with Layered-Division-Multiplexing and Longer Cyclic Prefix
Abstract: 3GPP is currently studying the improvement on the LTE eMBMS system to provide more capabilities and flexibilties on delivering multicast/broadcast services using the LTE infrastructure. This paper investigates the performance of an improved LTE eMBMS system using layered-division-multiplexing (LDM) technology and longer cyclic prefix (CP). The link-layer performance of using two-layer LDM in eMBMS system is first investigated with extensive computer simulations. Coverage analysis is then conducted on future eMBMS services with different cyclic prefix (CP) lengths, to allow more efficient deployment of multicast/broadcast single-frequency-network (MBSFN) for different cell sizes. The coverage performance is then used to demonstrate the capability of the improved eMBMS system with LDM to simultaneously deliver high-definition (HD) indoor/mobile services and ultra-HD fixed services targeting receivers with rooftop antennas.
Source title:  IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting 2017
Link: Coverage Analysis on Improved LTE eMBMS with Layered-Division-Multiplexing and Longer Cyclic Prefix
Liang Zhang, Yiyan Wu, Wei Li, Khalil Salehian, Sébastien Laflèche, Adrian Florea, Xianbin Wang, Sung-Ik Park, Heung-Mook Kim, Jse-Young Li, Namho Hur, Pablo Angueira, Jon Montalban, and Cristina Regueiro
Coverage Study of ATSC 3.0
Abstract: The ATSC 3.0 next generation digital TV standard adopted state-of-the-art coding and modulation, as well as the new Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) technology in addition to the traditional TDM/FDM. It is a very flexible system capable of combining different services in one RF channel with different robustness and reception conditions (fixed, handheld, mobile and indoor). The coverage for the ATSC 3.0 is very different from the legacy one tower one coverage ATSC 1.0 system. With the new enabling technologies, the ATSC 3.0 can greatly increase the coverage/service areas; reduce the distance between co-channel assignments; and introduce local program insertion and targeted advertisement. This paper discusses the ATSC 3.0 coverage and co-channel interference issues, with different operating parameters and using LDM technology. Similar to the LTE, the ATSC 3.0 co-channel assignment could be reduced to two times of service coverage radius (2R), under certain conditions. This can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency by up to 4 times in comparison with today's system. The deployment of Single Frequency Network (SFN) can further improve the coverage and reduce the interference.
Source title:  IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting 2017 (BMSB2017)
Link: Coverage Study of ATSC 3.0
Wei Li, Yiyan Wu, Khalil Salehian, Liang Zhang, Adrian Florea, Sung-Ik Park, Heung-Mook Kim, Namho Hur, Cristina Regueiro, Jon Montalban, and Pablo Angueira
Channel Estimation Strategy for Local Content Insertion in ATSC 3.0
Abstract: Delivering local content in terrestrial digital TV (DTV) single-frequency-networks (SFNs) is of great interest to broadcasters, which can support business cases such as local news, location-based applications and targeted advertisements. The recently adopted Layered-Division-Multiplexing (LDM) technology offers a new solution to achieve high-throughput local content insertion from any transmitters, at anytime, and with flexible coverage areas. To achieve the high-throughput and flexible coverage of the local services delivered using LDM, the receivers need to estimate the specific channel response corresponding to the transmitter emitting the desired local service. This is difficult to achieve in reality since the ATSC 3.0 standard does not provide an inherent mechanism to help receivers obtain separate channel estimates when receiving signals from different transmitters in SFN. This paper addresses this challenge and presents several channel estimation solutions at receivers to enable high-efficiency local content insertion within an ATSC 3.0 SFN. In addition, a novel channel separation algorithm is proposed to significantly reduce the performance degradation caused by the inaccurate channel estimate due to the deterministic co-channel interference
Source title: IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting 2017
Link: Channel Estimation Strategy for Local Content Insertion in ATSC 3.0
Liang Zhang, Wei Li, Yiyan Wu, Sébastien Laflèche, Khalil Salehian, Zhihong Hong, Adrian Florea, Xianbin Wang, Sung-Ik Park, Jse-Young Li, Heung-Mook Kim, Namho Hur, Pablo Angueira, Jon Montalban, and Cristina Regueiro
Network Planning for Local Service in ATSC 3.0 Single Frequency Networks
Abstract: This paper analyzes a potential configuration of ATSC 3.0 for delivering local services in a Single Frequency Network (SFN). This application is possible using Layered Division Multiplexing - Local Service Insertion (LDM-LSI). This technique uses the lower layer as the bearer of local services, injected well below the upper layer (A=19dB). The paper analyzes the bitrate requirements and mode configuration of each layer. The field strength planning values and the specific processing for calculating the coverage probability values are also described. Finally, the configuration proposed is evaluated on a specific environment (San Francisco) where a planning exercise with population and location coverage probability statistics is also provided. The results show that fixed service coverage of both global and local services on an SFN can be easily achieved using LDM LSI.
Source title:  IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting 2017 (BMSB2017)
Link: Network Planning for Local Service in ATSC 3.0 Single Frequency Networks
Cristina Regueiro, Xabier Botran, Jon Montalban, Manuel Velez, Pablo Angueira, Yiyan Wu, Liang Zhang, and Wei Li
Software Defined Orchestrated Spectrum Sharing Enabled by 3D Interference Map
Abstract: Due to the increasing spectrum scarcity caused by data-consuming multimedia applications over mobile and smart devices, efficient utilization of radio spectrum has been receiving tremendous interest during the past decades. Previous spectrum sharing techniques using cognitive radio might cause mis-detection and performance degradation of the incumbent users due to the limited sensing capability of devices and lack of timely information exchange between co-existing heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In this paper, an orchestrated spectrum sharing approach that integrates the distributed located users, base stations (BS), incumbent stations, and the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) controller into an amalgamated network with real-time information exchange is introduced. In order to effectively protect incumbent users and efficiently share the pooled spectrum resources, real-time 3D interference map is considered to guide the spectrum access based on the SDN global view. MATLAB simulation is conducted to verify the performance improvement.
Link: Software Defined Orchestrated Spectrum Sharing Enabled by 3D Interference Map
Xiaoyu Duan, Xianbin Wang, Liang Zhang, Wei Li and Yiyan Wu
Abstract: Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0, which is the new international standard for next generation broadcasting, allows to deliver multiple services with different reception conditions in a single RF channel. In the physical layer standard of ATSC 3.0, two kind of multiplexing schemes are adopted: orthogonal schemes including traditional time division multiplexing (TDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM), and a newly introduced non-orthogonal scheme, named layered division multiplexing (LDM). In this paper, we consider two services configured by LDM and TDM based on the ATSC 3.0 standard. Field test results which evaluate the mobile performance of LDM and TDM are provided.
Jae-young Lee, Sung Ik Park, Sunghyoung Kwon, Bo-Mi Lim, Heung Mook Kim, Namho Hur Anthony Pesin, Jean-Claude Chevet, Joan Llach, Alan Stein and Yiyan Wu
Scalable HEVC over Layered Division Multiplexing for the Next Generation Terrestrial Broadcasting
Abstract: In this paper, we present an efficient transmission method of multiple broadcasting services using Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) and Scalable High Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) for the next generation terrestrial digital broadcasting such as Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) 3.0. Based on a two-layer LDM technology, each Physical Layer Pipe (PLP) carries each of Base Layer and Enhancement Layer video streams of SHVC, in order to maximize channel utilization when multiple broadcasting services are delivered in a single radio frequency (RF) channel. A performance analysis is conducted when the proposed combination of LDM and SHVC is compared with other combinations such as Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and/or HEVC simulcast broadcasting. A constant quality measurement is introduced to evaluate the performance of video codec in conjunction with a physical layer system. The proposed combination of LDM and SHVC is implemented in hardware and verified in a real field environment.
Link: Scalable HEVC over Layered Division Multiplexing for the Next Generation Terrestrial Broadcasting
Transmitter Identification for ATSC 3.0 Single Frequency Network
Abstract: In the ATSC 3.0 PHY layer standard, a Transmitter Identification (TxID) signal is defined in order to provide the identification of an ATSC 3.0 transmitter. For efficient use of spectrum and quality of service improvement, single frequency network (SFN) where all transmitters share a single RF channel is often implemented. The recently developed ATSC 3.0 physical layer standard has been designed to support SFN. For efficient designing, fine-tuning and operating an SFN, it is crucial to identify each transmitter, as well as to adjust transmitting power and emission time of each transmitter. This paper presents TxID for ATSC 3.0, and analyzes its detection performance under very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) environments.
Link: Transmitter Identification for ATSC 3.0 Single Frequency Network
Sung Ik Park, Wei Li, Jae-young Lee, Yiyan Wu, Xianbin Wang, Sunghyoung Kwon, Bo-Mi Lim, Heung Mook Kim, Namho Hur, Liang Zhang, and Jeongchang Kim
Integration of Intelligent Tasking Subsystem in Spectrum Environment Awareness Applications
Abstract: Effectively managing spectrum for an ever increasing wireless world requires an advanced agile and flexible regulatory environment that uses an extensive network of sensing devices to ensure the orderly and secure evolution of new advanced networks and technologies that work free from harmful interference. The Spectrum Environment Awareness (SEA) prototype system currently being developed at the Communications Research Centre (CRC) Canada is a system for the next generation spectrum management, aiming to help government regulators to have better control of how spectrum is being used by different services at different times and locations across Canada, and to ensure better use of spectrum and effective response to spectrum inquiries. In this paper, the SEA system functional architecture is introduced. As one of the key components within the SEA system, the integration of the intelligent tasking subsystem in SEA applications is described in detail.
Source title:  IEEE Int'l Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting 2017
Link: Integration of Intelligent Tasking Subsystem in Spectrum Environment Awareness Applications
Wei Li, Maoyu Wang, Yifeng Qiu, Ying Ge, David Kidston, Aizaz Chaudhry
Page: E069-H00050


text:
Serving Mott Haven, Melrose & Port Morris
About the Mott Haven Herald
Your source for local news
The Mott Haven Herald is your source for news of the Bronx neighborhoods of Mott Haven, Melrose and Port Morris. Its aim is to air information, connect residents and give them a voice.
Produced by students at the Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at the City University of New York, the Herald is about the people of the community and the issues they care about, from jobs and housing to education and the environment.
We hope it will become part of the neighborhood's life, and we welcome your participation. Tell us what you think of the Herald and what you'd like to see in it. There are three ways to reach us.
You can reach the reporter who wrote a story by sending an e-mail. The reporter's e-mail address follows his or her name at the beginning of each story.
You can reach the entire staff by sending an e-mail to [email protected]
You can reach all our readers by leaving a comment at the end of any story.
We look forward to hearing from you and to bringing you news that will help you make your neighborhood a better place to live and work.
The Indian in our nameplate is a weathervane created by the Mott Ironworks, which gave the neighborhood its name. It was sold at auction in 2008 for more than $5 million.
Paul Navarro on Diaz Jr. hammers mayor at State of the Borough
Lucien von Wolf on City announces plans for new jail in Mott Haven
AnoNYC on City announces plans for new jail in Mott Haven
Where to find the Herald
http://www.bestshoesmeme.com/womens-collections-99415 nike shoes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The style of this lovely small icicle chandelier has its design roots firmly in the middle of the 20th century.
The price quoted here is for a 55 centimetre size (ø), on a chrome frame. If you would like to know more about custom options please get in touch with us.


text:
The necropolis of Emesa, also known as the necropolis of Tell Abu Sabun, was an ancient necropolis of modern-day Homs, in Syria.
Excavations begun in August 1936 uncovered a total of 22 tombs before the greater part of this necropolis was made to disappear by 1952 in order to build the municipal stadium known today as Khalid ibn al-Walid Stadium. Among the artifacts found in these tombs was the Emesa helmet. The Tomb of Sampsigeramus, of which the remains had been blown up  1911 by the Ottoman authorities so as to make room for an oil depot, had also belonged to the necropolis.

According to Michaela Konrad, the nature of the artefacts unearthed in grave no. 1 allow us to date it to the beginning of the first century CE, and to assume that it belonged to a member of the ruling dynasty. The discoveries from graves no. 11 and 6 also show that here too were buried individuals connected to the ruling house. The majority of the artifacts found were heavily influenced by Parthian-Iranian culture, and even Central Asian traditions. Only a few of them came from the Roman world; they were found particularly in grave no. 1, confirming that the deceased had close relations with the rulers of Rome.

References

Sources

External links

1936 archaeological discoveries
Cemeteries in Syria
Buildings and structures in Homs
Archaeological sites in Homs Governorate
Necropoleis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We learn who we are from our tears and scars. This thesis is a response to the question: What is the value and significance of integrating art therapy and a feminist approach in working with women who have experienced violence? This is a heuristic arts-based, post-thematic analysis of pre and post session art and journal writing while facilitating six weeks of art therapy with women who have experienced domestic violence. I explored my process of working with the feminist approach through art-making and journal writing and then explored the prevalent themes that resulted. Through my in-depth exploration, both internally and externally, I found that art therapy naturally encompasses a feminist approach. It is intrinsically empowering to make art. I found through my own process and that of working with women who have experienced abuse, that a feminist approach to art therapy is a valuable and effective way to counter the effects of violence and other forms of oppression. Working with a feminist approach could be readily applied to other oppressed grounds as well. This is deeply meaningful work, and has touched my heart beyond what the scope of this paper is able to communicate. It is my hope that this research will inspire the reader to the benefits of a feminist approach in art therapy, as the subject has yet to be broadly and deeply explored in our vocation. I also hope this research will highlight a unique and important journey that may act as a signpost for others who want to explore art therapy, work with culturally oppressed people, those who have been abused, as well as to work with a feminist approach.


Low-oscillation and low-noise type of "M35SP-11NK" the thinnest model of external diameter 35 model series.
It is ideal for use in the small electronic equipment of the future.
2. Thin, high resolution, high output torque.
4. Step angle : 3.75˚/step.


When it comes to the heart, it is helpful that we pay close attention to them. It's what pumps the blood, but when your arteries are clogged up from build up, that's when the problems begin. For over a year, I've been dealing with my blood pressure, I have even been prescribed medication for it; but in 'Latisha Fashion' I stopped taking them. Mainly because I hate medication I don't like taking them and plus I knew if I kept an eye on my diet I would be all right.
Well, for a while my diet has been up and down so you can only imagine the symptoms I begin to experience because of this. Sleeping habits played a part as well, but my eating was out of control and that is something I have to admit. It became even real for me when I had a biometrics test done at work and my blood pressure was checked and the numbers were extremely high.
This experience made me realize this was no longer a game I had to find and do something to better my overall health. In my time of research, I came across this natural blend that claims to lower your blood pressure in a minute. Does it work? Watch the video below to see.


text:
Anthurium anceps Sodiro, 1903 è una pianta della famiglia delle Aracee, endemica dell'Ecuador.

Distribuzione e habitat
È minacciata dalla distruzione del suo habitat, costituito da foreste umide di pianura tropicali o subtropicali.

Note

Voci correlate
 Specie di Anthurium

Anthurium


British comedian V. Graham Norton's latest show on Comedy Central was going to run with the Razorba on it's Republican Party Convention coverage show in New York. The flamboyant Norton has a quite entertaining and edgy program imported from Channel 5 from the UK. The guests were Jason Bateman and Toni Collette. Toni the ugly duckling in the movie Muriel's Wedding, ran a filibuster on an anecdote of how she pretended she needed an appendectomy when she was a child, thereby causing her mom to persuade a surgeon to do the procedure. All the while, the Razorba lay in waiting, eventually being bumped. I'm told the Raz showed up on another episode.


A home builder that provides a full range of services, from Lot Selection to Land Development, helps to simplify the process of building a custom home. As a homeowner, you need to know that communication between architect, designer, and superintendent is excellent. If this is your first home, or you are in the process of relocating to Atlanta, a turn-key approach is even more important. Healthy House of Georgia has worked with a number of architects, real estate agents, designers, and sub-contractors over the years and offers a full range of services. Knowing that the architect, superintendent, and designer work well together is not enough, however. These professionals need to work well with you. We assemble teams that will represent your style, needs, and personality.
Finding the right lot for the right home is critical in the home building process. A terrific floor plan that suits your lifestyle may need to be altered if the lot doesn't accommodate the house.
We will help you find a lot that has the size, location, and topography to meet the needs of your home. We acquire properties in many different neighborhoods and can easily match one with your plans, or we will help you to find one that is right for you.
Finding an architect to meet your needs is a task that not many people have to do more than once. So when it comes time to choose one that is accommodating, creative, and talented most people do not know where to begin.
Healthy House of Georgia uses several architects, depending on the style of house. They are all certified by the American Institute of Architects and have extensive references from satisfied home owners. Because they are involved deep into the building process, choosing an architect you can work with is important. We help you to determine the criterion you need for your home, and then suggest several for you to meet.
The interior design of your home is more than just choosing fabrics and drapery. It starts with hardscape essentials, such as countertops, flooring, crown/chair/window moulding, plumbing and lighting fixtures, cabinetry, and a host of other decisions. Our team will help you in the myriad decisions to be made over the course of construction including helping you to anticipate the effects of every decision (whether design or construction related) and plan your home for the way you live.
Renovating your home can be a rewarding experience, improving both the comfort level of your home and also its re-sale value. If you are planning a renovation, you no doubt have considered many possibilities and given considerable thought to how to go about it.
Healthy House of Georgia helps you to ensure that you get the highest return on your renovation dollar. We guide you through the changes that will make life in your home more comfortable or yield the highest return on the market. Once plans have been made, we complete the renovation to specification quickly, minimizing the impact that such a change has on your present living conditions.


Dr Neel Ocean is a Research Fellow in behavioural economics working on Research Theme 1 'On Farm', and is based at Leeds University Business School. Neel gained his PhD in Economics from the University of Warwick in 2017, and his main research interests lie at the intersection between economics and psychology (e.g. judgement and decision-making, well-being, personality, behavioural experiments). After his PhD, he also briefly worked in the area of health economics at the University of Exeter. Neel has a strong background in mathematics, and an interest in programming.


Cristi was looking for answers.
What did you think of Margie's speech?
You can't exactly blame Rick for what he did.
I still consider Celeste a friend.
Mann wants to ask you some questions about French.
Hsuan, may I have some money?
Cathryn said this was urgent.
I thought Irving had never been to Boston.
Russell doesn't even like driving.
Just ask Kurt to help you.
Justin kicked Jitendra under the table.
Clarence only looks mildly interested.
Why don't you just let Malaclypse talk?
Devon said he wouldn't say anything.
Jef is refreshing, honest and a good young man.
Mason is married to a high school teacher.
Spencer asked if any of us could speak French.
I want you to tell me what you really think of Mark.
Andre hesitated to bring up the subject.
Of course Morgan doesn't want to serve God and money as well.
He called his father as he went up the stairs.
Mott might bleed to death if we don't get him to a hospital soon.
What did Lou give to you?
Clarissa told us some funny stories.
Juri has some things to talk to you about.
I recognized Seth as soon as he walked into the room.
Juri seems to be concentrating on something else.
Ask Devon about his old girlfriends.
Milo hated the idea of leaving Gregg alone, but he had to go to work.
Ravindranath used to work with Nadeem.
Thierry can't drive a car so he always rides a bicycle.
Kevin offered Vicki some money, but she refused to take it.
Ti is one of my classmates.


Not long ago, I showed a house to a set of clients. They loved it in an irrational way. Don't get me wrong, it was a great house. I really liked to it too. But it was seriously over-priced in comparison to others of similar size in similar locations. But there was something intangible about this house. It was clean and well-kept. It had nice updates but not necessarily UPGRADES. The rooms were well-proportioned and being up on a hill it had exceptional natural light. But there was something about this house that made it stand out from the pack.
Eventually we came to believe it was the quality of the air. It didn't smell. It wasn't scented, it was just fresh. Upon further investigation we could tell that the owners were actually very concerned about the air quality and had gone so far as to install a purification system. When we read their seller's disclosure, we noticed that they had installed a UV air cleaner.
I've been doing a little research for myself this week about improving the air quality in a home. With the crazy weather we have had this year I feel like I haven't had my windows open enough. (The wet, wet Spring turned into a super hot Summer and it seems like I went from heat to air condition and right back to heat). I am still in the very early stages of researching air purification systems. Is a whole house system better than a portable one? Then there's the choice between the different technologies: HEPA filters, Ion and Ozone Generators, Charged Media filters or Activated Carbon filters. Yikes, way too overwhelming.
I'll just move on to make the point, that a clean, fresh smelling house makes a real impression on a buyer. All of the intangibles add up to a real psychological experience for a buyer. When getting your house ready for sale considering how it smells needs to be as important as the deep clean and the staging.
10. Pay attention to the smells coming from the garbage disposal the dishwasher. Lemons in the garbage disposal and cinnamon in the dishwasher works wonders.


There are plenty of great Lancaster County outdoor activities! Book a romantic getaway in Lancaster County, PA and come experience a fun outdoor adventure in Amish Country.
Located just a short mile from the Inn on the upper side of Speedwell Forge Lake, this sanctuary is fascinating and well worth a visit. If you are interested in the rescue of this type of wild animal, this is a must see. Our guests have especially enjoyed their monthly full-moon tours. These take place on specific Saturday evenings (closest to full moon) and include music and a bonfire. For a complete description and full list of dates, visit the events part of their website.
For all you bird watchers out there, Swiss Woods Bed and Breakfast is the perfect spot to access some of the best birding in Lancaster County. Every year 10's of Thousands of Snow Geese and Tundra Swans migrate through the northern end of the county and stop at Middle Creek Wildlife Preserve whose website has the migration dates listed.. Many stay here at the lake as well during February and March. All year we are home to several hundred different species of birds being fortunate to have both waterfowl, meadowland, swamp, and forest. Bluebirds are nesting, Cardinals have raised a brood, Baltimore Orioles and Summer Tangers are both here and guests have spotted several Pileated Woodpeckers in the woods.
2013: We have seen the black mink at the back stream, a goodly amount of Pileated Woodpeckers, Bard Owls, Great Horned owls, flying squirrels and even a beaver.
2018: Indigo buntings, loads of bluebirds, tangers and of course the baltimore orioles and woodpeckers.
For those wanting a balloon ride over Lancaster County, the views from the air are simply stunning. Located at the Lancaster Airport it is just south of Lititz. Be sure to let them know you found them on our website. 15 min drive from the Inn.
Experience the thrill of zipping above the canopy. Three zipline courses to choose from for all skill levels. This is one of our favorite things and just 15 min from the Inn.
Take a very fun tour of the Amish country backroads with a guide. There are various packages available as well as various types of scooters.
A short 25 minutes into Hershey this small but beautiful garden is worth a stop. Visiting during rose season is especially beautiful.
For those who enjoy biking, Lititz Bikeworks has bikes for rent. There is a newly finished rail to trail that goes through Lititz. The connection to Ephrata is also soon to be completed. The Lancaster Bike Club has extensive cue sheets available to print, many for the Lititz area.


02 / 04 / 2019 Home United FC ? - ? Lao Toyota ????
17 / 03 / 2019 Home United FC ? - ? Balestier Khalsa FC ????
05 / 02 / 2019 Home United FC ? - ? Persija Jakarta ????
06 / 10 / 2018 Home United FC ? - ? Balestier Khalsa FC ????
23 / 09 / 2018 Home United FC ? - ? Warriors FC ????
21 / 08 / 2018 Home United FC ? - ? April 25 ????
08 / 08 / 2018 Home United FC ? - ? Ceres FC ????
27 / 07 / 2018 Home United FC ? - ? Tampines Rovers FC ????
15 / 07 / 2018 Home United FC ? - ? Balestier Khalsa FC ????
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text:
Write me: airvermeer@gmail.com
"PUMP DON'T WORK"
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Book review: "Sourcery" by Terry Pratchett
March 14, 2018 Patrick T Reardon 0
Rincewind — the cowardly and inept wizard whose main skill is his ability to fear so well that he is able to escape from and survive great threats — is the main character in three of Terry Pratchett's first five Discworld novels, and he makes a cameo in a fourth.
He's far from my favorite character in the Discworld series, and I've seen quotes that indicate Pratchett, at least later in his career, wasn't all that enamored of him either. He's a one-note Johnny.
That, it would seem, was helpful to Pratchett at the beginning when Rincewind served as a kind of Everyman with whom readers could relate. He would move through the novel — like a lot of the central characters in novels by Charles Dickens — and meet a bunch of much more interesting people.
Like Conina, the female assassin here in Sourcery, the fifth Discworld novel, the daughter of Cohen the Barbarian, who wants to be a hairdresser but is doomed by hereditary to seek adventure, danger and triumph.
And the Librarian, an orangutan who used to be human and has a lot more on the ball than a lot of humans.
Ipslore the Red
Actually, in Sourcery, there are fewer interesting people than one might wish for.
The most interesting person should be Ipslore the Red, an embittered wizard who got tossed out of the Unseen University for breaking his vow of celibacy and fathering eight sons, the eighth of whom he names Coin.
As Pratchett has made clear in earlier books, a wizard is an eighth son. When a wizard himself sires an eighth son, that son is a sourcerer, spelled that way because he is "a wizard squared. A source of magic."
A sourcerer is much more powerful than an individual wizard or even a group of wizards. The reason wizards are supposed to be celibate is to avoid the possibility of a sourcerer being born.
In the Mage Wars in the deep past, sourcerers caused all kinds of havoc, death and destruction. And that's what begins to again take place when Coin shows up with his father's metal staff.
The metal staff
Or, maybe better put, "his father the metal staff."
You see, in order to escape Death, Ipslore put himself into the staff from which he controls the ten-year-old Coin and sets in motion the remaking of the Discworld with really bad architecture, the replacement of regular folks as rulers with puffed-up wizards, the jailing of the gods, the opening of the Dungeon Dimensions to the extent that the Things locked there are about to crawl out into our reality, and the return of the Ice Giants (and a very deep freeze).
A lot of havoc.
Of course, since the guy behind it is a metal staff, the dramatic possibilities are somewhat blunted.
Inside-Discworld
To my mind, the problem with Sourcery, in addition to the Ipslore thing, is that a lot of it feels like inside-Discworld (something akin to inside baseball).
What I mean is that there is a whole lot of exposition in the book and a whole lot of action by huge forces, such as the Dungeon Dimensions and the Ice Giants. Relatively little back and forth among characters takes place.
Pratchett has conceived a certain system for Discworld that, in this case, requires a lot of explaining, such as that eighth son of an eighth son business. I'm not sure if he goes so deeply into it because he's very proud of how it all fits together….or if it's because he got the thing started in the earlier pages and found as he went along that he had to invent more and more of the system to make things work.
Puns and quips
Even so, a muddled Pratchett novel is still well worth the time it requires.
There are, for instance, his puns and quips:
Regarding the Patrician's rule of Ankh-Morpork: "He didn't administer a reign of terror, just the occasional light shower."
Regarding the situation when the wizards took over the city of Al Khali in Klatch, a nation (akin in our reality to Egypt or Persia) across the Circle Sea from Ankh-Morpork: "The city was under the rule of sourcery…martial lore."
Regarding the writing ability of Cohen the Barbarian: "The old boy had never really mastered the pen and still signed his name with an "X." which he usually spelled wrong."
"Votes from your glands"
In Sourcery, the reader has the opportunity to watch as Pratchett dips his metaphorical big toe into the roiling waters of lust and sex.
When Rincewind and Conina have arrived in Al Khali on a quest, a voice in the wizard's head says, "You rather like her, don't you? I can tell."
Rincewind gets a voice in his head every once in a while throughout Sourcery. Usually, it's his conscience, so he asks if that's true this time.
"Your libido," the voice answers. To which, Rincewind responds:
"Look, go away, will you? I'm a wizard! Wizards are ruled by their heads, not by their hearts!"
"And I'm getting votes from your glands, and they're telling me that as far as your body is concerned your brain is a minority of one…. Your heart has got nothing to do with this, by the way; it's merely a muscular organ which powers the circulation of the blood. But look at it like this — you quite like her, don't you?"
"Peach-buttocked"
Then, they meet the Seriph, the ruler of Klatch, whose name is Creosote and who is immensely rich and keeps a harem of scantily dressed young women who sit on his lap and tell him stories.
He fancies himself a poet, and fancies Conina as one of his harem, so he tells her, in rather colorful ways, that
[You are a] "peach-buttocked jewel of the desert dawn."
"Your neck is as a tower of ivory."
"Your hair is like a flock of goats that graze upon the side of Mount Gebra."
"As the white does in the meadows of the water margin are your thighs."
"Your breasts are like the jeweled melons in the fabled gardens of dawn."
In response to that last one:
Conina's eyes widened. "They are?" she said.
"No doubt about it. I know jeweled melons when I see them."
It's all more than a bit silly. And Pratchett seems to be having fun….but not that much fun. He doesn't do much with lust in the rest of the novels.
"THE INEVITABLE"
More poignant are the references in Sourcery to death.
Pratchett, who suffered from early-onset Alzheimer's disease, died in 2015 at the age of 66.
That was more than a quarter of a century after he published Sourcery in 1989, and more than three decades since the first Discworld novel saw the light of day in 1983.
Yet, from the start, the novels reflect Pratchett's fascination with death…or Death, if you're speaking of the black-robe, skeleton guy who appeared as a character in nearly all of the Discworld books.
He's here too, at the beginning of Sourcery when Ipslore the Red jumps into the metal staff to evade him and at the end when Death finally collects Ipslore. As he warns the wizard on page 6:
YOU'RE ONLY PUTTING OFF THE INEVITABLE.
"That's what being alive is all about."
Yep, Ipslore is right. Being alive is putting off the inevitable, a sentiment Pratchett expressed often in his books.
"But a sleep"
Twice, in Sourcery, characters make the exact same comment about death — "Death is but a sleep."
First, it is the collective voice of 200 dead wizards, and then it is Conina, quoting her father.
Pratchett was more than a little ambivalent about the whole God thing, but wrote often about how belief can make things happen — for instance, how believing in a god gives that god life, or believing in hope brings hope.
Describing death as a sleep seems a hopeful idea.
Patrick T. Reardon
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