text:
Heck Funeral Home
Plant a Tree for Dorothy
Dorothy Lee (Douglas) Jarvis
March 19, 1926 ~ June 9, 2019 (age 93)
It is with great sadness to the family that Dorothy Lee Jarvis in her 94th year, following a long struggle with Alzheimer's, has gone to be with the Lord on June 9th at the Country Club Retirement Center in Bellaire, Ohio. She was born March 19, 1926 to the late Benjamin and Goldie Smith Douglas in Huntington, WV. Mrs. Jarvis was a retired office manager for The Louis Marx Toy Factory in Glen Dale, WV. In addition to her parents, she was preceded in death by her beloved husband of 40 years, Warren Layne Jarvis; her second husband, Marvin Reid; daughter Rita Jarvis Takach in 2004; brothers; James and Charles (Evelyn) Douglas and sisters Maxine, Emogene and Kathleen. She is survived by her daughter Sandra (Douglas) Paisley; three grandchildren, Brad Douglas (Kimberly) Paisley, Christy Renee' Takach; and Lisa Takach (Clifford) Tucker; four great grandchildren and several nieces and nephews. A private funeral service was held for the family at Heck Funeral Home, Milton with Pastor Greg Lunsford officiating. Burial followed in Milton Cemetery. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions in her memory can be made to the Alzheimer's Association | 225 N. Michigan Avenue, 17th FL | Chicago, IL 60601, the Glen Dale Volunteer Fire Department, or the Glen Dale United Methodist Church.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Dorothy Lee (Douglas) Jarvis, please visit our floral store.
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Undergoing the dental implant procedure is something that our patients do after they have considered the various options for tooth replacement. To receive a dental implant takes an investment of money and time. The results achieved through one of the various types of implants last a lifetime, increasing the cost effectiveness of the procedure when compared to other restorative care. Anytime an investment is made into the smile, patients want to maintain the results achieved through professional care. Dental implants are no different.
Fortunately, all of the materials used in the fabrication of dental implants are strong and durable. The implant post will not decay, nor will the artificial crown that is placed on top of the implant. This does not mean that oral hygiene is any less important though. The oral hygiene practices taught to us in childhood are just as critical to oral health after the dental implant procedure. Even with dental implants, brushing and flossing remain the top ways of maintaining a healthy mouth.
Thinking of dental implants as natural teeth may help when thinking of how to care for these prosthetic appliances, brushing and flossing twice a day, as is recommended by the American Dental Association. Natural teeth or not, two full minutes of brushing is necessary to remove the bacteria that can harm oral health. Tiny and numbering in the millions, bacteria are very adept at finding the ideal place to hide. Brushing and flossing find these bacteria and stop them from producing the toxic waste that weakens the connective tissues that support implants.
It is easy to link brushing and flossing with optimal oral health. These tasks, performed together daily, help the dental implant patient protect the gums and the jawbone from the effects of bacteria, and thus protect his or her investment into a lifelong, beautiful smile.
Replacing a missing tooth or teeth with dental implants is ideal. Contact us to learn more about the dental implant procedure, or to schedule your consultation.


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Stephen G. 'Steve' Mallette
Stephen G. 'Steve' Mallette age 71 of Hooper
Died Friday June 7, 2019 in Omaha.
Steve was born June 14, 1947 to Clifford and Edith 'Hultman' Mallette. He was raised on his parents' farm near Hooper, Nebr. He was baptized and confirmed at Swaburg Lutheran Church near Hooper. Later, when his parents retired, they moved to Oakland. Steve graduated from Oakland High School and then, went on to Wayne State College in Wayne, Nebr. He moved to Hooper and went to work for the Farmers Coop in Hooper and retired from there. After retirement, Steve started the Hooper Tire and Service at the former Coop location in Hooper. He continued with this business until his death.
He loved music. He sang and played the guitar with a band, The Velvet Haze. He also loved sports and spent much time playing fast pitch softball where he was an outstanding pitcher for several years. Hunting and fishing were two of his priorities. He and his brother Mike spent many long hours together, during the hunting season. Steve was inducted into both the Nebraska Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Nebraska Softball Hall of Fame.
Survivors include his daughters, Cherish Calabretto and Marcy Mallette; grandchildren, Alec and Elyse; great granddaughter Natalie; sisters, Lylas Guthrie and Bonnie Larson; brother, Mike (Donna) Mallette and several nieces and nephews and his dog, Buddy.
Deceased family members include his parents; Sister and Brother-in-law, Vivian and Lee Babcock.
The memorial service will be 2pm Sunday July 14 at Redeemer Lutheran Church in Hooper.
Online guestbook at www.hooper-scribner.com
Ludvigsen's Hooper Funeral Chapel is in charge of arrangements.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction} {{{1
Precise knowledge of atomic transition strengths is important in many
current areas of research, including the development of
ultra-precise atomic clocks~\cite{Beloy2012,Sherman2012,PorLudBoy08},
studies of fundamental symmetries~\cite{PorBelDer09,VasSavSaf02} and
degenerate quantum gases~\cite{SafSafCla12},
quantum information~\cite{GorReyDal09,SafWal05},
plasma physics~\cite{SumBadOmu02}, and
astrophysics~\cite{VerVerFer96,PicBlaTh11}.
For example, one of the largest
contributions to the uncertainty budget of atomic clocks is the
uncertainty in the blackbody radiation (BBR)
shift~\cite{Sherman2012,SafKozCla11}.
The BBR shift is calculated from the difference in the
electric-dipole polarizabilities between the clock
states~\cite{PorDer06}, and its accuracy is currently limited by
uncertainty in atomic transition matrix elements.
The dynamic correction to the BBR shift can also be determined
accurately if the relevant matrix elements are known ~\cite{Beloy2012}.
Studies of fundamental symmetries, such as atomic
parity violation, need transition matrix elements to evaluate
parity-violating amplitudes and vector transition
polarizabilities~\cite{PorBelDer09,VasSavSaf02}.
Accurate AMO theory can also be indispensable to the design
and interpretation of experiments, where direct
measurement of all relevant parameters is infeasible.
More complicated atoms, such as Er~\cite{AikFriMar12},
Dy~\cite{LuBurLev12}, and Ho~\cite{SafMol08} have recently become
of interest, and development of new theoretical methods must be
supported by the existence of high-precision experimental benchmarks.

Transition matrix elements can
be difficult to measure or calculate accurately. State-of-the art
theory predictions are often limited to a few percent uncertainty,
and the presently available experimental techniques typically
measure matrix elements accurately
only for one or two of the lowest transitions.
To date, the most accurate determinations of atomic transition matrix
elements are through excited state lifetime measurements or
photoassociation spectroscopy~\cite{Bouloufa2009}.
The former is limited by uncertainty in branching ratios when
multiple decay paths exist. As a result, although the 6$p$
lifetime of rubidium was measured to 1\%, no matrix elements were
reported \cite{Gomez2004}.  The latter
requires species with purely long-range molecular excited states where
molecular theory is sufficiently well known to extract atomic
properties.
In principle, transition matrix elements can be determined
from the ac polarizability $\alpha$ by measuring the
ac Stark (light) shift of an atom exposed
to light of known intensity. However, unlike dc Stark shift measurements,
where the applied electric field can be determined
geometrically~\cite{Sherman2012},
it is difficult to accurately determine the optical
intensity, limiting the efficacy of this approach.
(Lifetime measurements avoid this calibration challenge by
using a well known field, the vacuum.) For atoms with spin-dependent
vector light shifts and two long-lived states, rf spectroscopy
was used to accurately determine the \textit{ratio} of two vector light
shifts~\cite{Sherman2005,Sherman2008}, which when combined with
theory constrained matrix elements~\cite{Sahoo2009}.
New techniques are needed to improve accuracy, extend the
range of measurable matrix elements, and provide benchmarks for
theory.

In this Letter, we present a widely applicable method,
recently suggested in~\cite{Arora2011}, for
constraining matrix elements at the $10^{-3}$ level through direct
measurement of light shifts near ``magic-zero'' wavelengths
($\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$),
where the combined light shift from all transitions
cancels~\cite{[{These are the ``tune-out'' wavelengths proposed for
species-selective traps by }]LeBlanc2007}.
These $\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$ wavelengths are distinct from the
``magic'' wavelengths used in optical clocks, where the light shift is
identical for two states~\cite{Ye2008}.
We measure small light shifts through diffraction off a standing wave,
amplifying the diffracted populations by
constructively interfering the effect of up to $n_p=15$ pulses,
resulting in an $n_p^2$ enhancement in the diffracted fraction.
We make the first experimental
determination of the rubidium $5s$-$6p_{1/2}$ and $5s$-$6p_{3/2}$
electric dipole matrix elements, to an accuracy of 0.3\%, 10 times
more accurate than the best theoretical values~\cite{Arora2011}.
Implementation of our measurement technique could provide
much-needed data to constrain the BBR shift for optical lattice clocks.

Measuring light shifts near a $\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$ to constrain
matrix elements has a number of advantages over the approaches
described earlier. It is insensitive to absolute calibration of the
applied optical field, requiring only a stable intensity.
Scalar light shifts are present for all atomic states, and
$\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$ points are found near every atomic
transition. That proximity increases sensitivity to the matrix element
of the nearby transition in addition to decreasing sensitivity
to uncertainty in hard-to-calculate theoretical values.
Most importantly, ground (or metastable) state light shifts
depend only on matrix elements directly to higher excited states, not on
the coupling of the excited states to other states.
Light shift measurements are thus independent of the
branching ratios that limit the lifetime approach.

We used this technique to measure the transition
matrix elements between the ground $5s_{1/2}$ and $6p_{1/2}$, $6p_{3/2}$
states in $^{87}$Rb by measuring the light shift as a function of $\lambda$
near the two $\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$ points neighboring the 6$p$
states (see the inset in Fig.~\ref{fig:RbPolar}).
We applied a sequence of standing wave (optical lattice)
pulses to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) containing
$\simeq 3.5 \times 10^4$ $\ket{F=1, m_F=-1}$
atoms with no discernible thermal
fraction, produced in a hybrid optical and magnetic trap similar
to~\cite{Lin2009a}. At the end of the pulse sequence, we
suddenly turn off the trap and measure the atom population in each
diffracted order from an absorption image after 40~ms time of flight.
By intentionally using a small condensate, we can
neglect atom-atom interactions, and limit
the optical depth so that all orders in the image are unsaturated.
The measured population fractions, normalized to the total number in
each image, are insensitive to small fluctuations in total atom
number.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[scale=0.9]{Polariz6pzoom.eps
  \caption{Calculated polarizability of Rb (atomic units of
	$a_0^3)$. The vertical
	dashed lines are at the $np$-5$s$ transitions.
	Arrows indicate the positions of the
	relevant $\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$ points.
	\label{fig:RbPolar}}
\end{figure}

The lattice light is provided by a frequency-doubled diode laser,
and is tunable between 419~nm and 424~nm.
We measure the wavelength to 50~fm (90~MHz) accuracy with
a wavemeter, calibrated to the known 5$s$-6$p$ transition
frequencies~\cite{Shiner2007}.
We form the lattice by reimaging a retroreflected beam on the atoms
with an incident power of 60-120~mW and a waist of $\simeq 110~\mu$m.
The lattice beam intensity varies only a few percent across the BEC, whose
Thomas-Fermi radius is 18~$\mu$m transverse to the beam.
Lattice  alignment is performed at 421.700~nm where the light
shift is reasonably large, $\simeq 7~E_R$ (where the recoil energy
$E_R=\hbar^2 k^2/(2M)$ for wavevector $k=2\pi/\lambda$, lattice laser
wavelength $\lambda$, and atomic mass $M$). The input beam is
carefully aligned to the BEC (with the retroreflected beam blocked) by
minimizing the transverse displacement of the BEC
induced by the beam. The retroreflected beam is then aligned by
maximizing diffraction efficiency. Lattice depth measurements at the
5\% uncertainty level are consistent with no drift during a data set,
and the alignment is typically stable from day to day.

To minimize wavelength-dependent steering of the laser,
we couple the light through an optical fiber
and focus the output of the fiber onto the BEC.  We measured the
residual steering after the fiber by monitoring the
position of the beam 1~m downstream from the
fiber tip. The observed deflection of the beam was $< 30~\mu$rad,
which corresponds to at worst a 1\% decrease in average beam intensity at the
BEC and is included in our uncertainty analysis.
Additionally, we monitor the power in
each pulse sequence with a photodiode to account for different
laser powers.

Lattice polarization also affects the measured light shift. Linearly
polarized light has a purely scalar light shift, but elliptical
polarization will have both vector and scalar light shifts for atoms
with $|m_F| > 0$~\cite{Deutsch2010a}, shifting the position of
$\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$. Although we used a Glan-laser polarizer
to establish a clean linear polarization,
analyzing the light after the chamber showed that the vacuum windows'
slight birefringence created $\simeq$ 1\% ellipticity.
To account for the possible systematic shift of
$\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$, we measured the light shift for two
orthogonal, linear input polarizations, defined as S and P with respect
to the plane of the last mirror before the chamber.
By symmetry, the induced ellipticity from
the window is opposite for the two input polarizations.
We calculated that averaging the S and P measurements cancels the
contribution of the vector light shift to a negligible 10~fm shift in
$\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$.

Optical lattice depths (light shifts) are commonly measured by
observing the population oscillations between
momenta $2l\hbar k$, for integer $l$, as a function of lattice pulse
duration (outside the Raman-Nath regime).
For lattice depths below 1~$E_R$, the diffracted populations are
small, and the oscillation period saturates to $h/(4 E_R)$.
At 0.05~$E_R$, less than $0.008$\%  of atoms are diffracted for
a single lattice pulse.
In order to increase the signal, we employ a multi-pulse diffraction
sequence that coherently adds the effect of each pulse, similar to
quantum resonances in delta-kicked rotors~\cite{Izrailev1980,Moore1995}.
For weak lattices where
only orders with $|l| \leq 1$ are populated, a Bloch sphere picture
provides intuition~\cite{Wu2005} (Fig. \ref{fig:BlochSphere}).
\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[scale=0.7]{BlochSphere_ppt.eps}
	\caption{A Bloch sphere representation of the state vector's
	  evolution during a pulse sequence. The state vector starts in
	  $\ket{0\hbar k}$ (north pole). Lattice (free) evolution is shown
	  in blue (red). Alternating lattice and free evolutions with
	  duration $h/(8E_R)$, the diffracted population is maximized
	  as described in the text. This sequence provides 50\%
	  population in $\ket{\pm 2 \hbar k}$ after four pulses,
	  corresponding to a lattice depth of $\simeq 1 E_R$, much larger
	  than depths we actually measured.
	  \label{fig:BlochSphere}}
\end{figure}
For initially stationary atoms, the $|l|=1$ orders are equivalent and can be
represented as a single state, which along with the $l=0$ state are the two
poles of the Bloch sphere. Free evolution corresponds to precession
about the vertical axis with period $h/(4E_R)$, called the Talbot
time~\cite{Deng1999}. During a weak lattice
pulse, the precession axis is tilted by an angle proportional to the
lattice depth with essentially the same $h/(4E_R)$ period.
Alternating lattice and free evolution with duration $h/(8E_R)$
(one half precession period, $\simeq 9.75~\mu$s at 423~nm) efficiently
increases the diffracted population (see Fig.~\ref{fig:BlochSphere}).

To accurately determine the lattice depths from the measured
populations, we numerically diagonalized the lattice Hamiltonian in
the plane wave basis including orders up to $|l|=3$.
From this we calculate the first-order diffracted population
fraction~$P_1$ as a function of pulse number $n_p$ and lattice depth
$V_0$ in units of $E_R$.
In the weakly diffracting limit ($n_p V_0 \ll 4$),
$P_1 \propto (n_p V_0)^2 $, showing that multiple weak pulses are
equivalent to one pulse $n_p$ times stronger.
Inverting the exact numeric result for $P_1$, we extract the lattice depth
$V_0(n_p,P_1)$ from the measured population fraction
$P_1 = (N_{-1}+N_1)/N_{\mathrm{tot}}$,
with $N_l$ the number of atoms in the $l$th order.
Fig.~\ref{fig:nPulses} shows $P_1$ versus $n_p$ at fixed $V_0$.
The agreement with theory is excellent for $n_p$ up to 18.
We attribute deviations at larger $n_p$ to the reduced overlap of the
diffracted components, which travel a significant fraction of the size
of the BEC, during the pulse sequence.

To determine the polarizability, we extract the raw lattice depth
$V_0(n_p,P_1)$ for each image, which is then divided by the measured
photodiode power for that pulse sequence.  Fig.~\ref{fig:data} shows
the extracted polarizability as a function of $\lambda$ for four
data sets: two orthogonal polarizations,
S and P, near each $\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$. The lattice is aligned
before each data set, and measurements
after confirm  consistent alignment within a data set.
The measurement is repeated up to 20 times at each
wavelength~\footnote{Some points exhibited
  decreased diffraction, correlated with the condensate position in each
  image, due to residual condensate motion.
  Thus we excluded the 22\% of images where the condensate was more than
  15~$\mu$m from the average position for each data set.
  The extracted matrix element is insensitive to the exclusion value.},
and the error bars in Fig.~\ref{fig:data} represent purely statistical
uncertainty of 1$\sigma$. For both sets around the 421~nm zero, we used
15 pulses, and for both sets around 423~nm we used 8 or 11 pulses.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[scale=0.9]{Npulses.eps}
  \caption{Diffracted population at fixed laser power and wavelength.
	As we vary the number of pulses, the diffracted population (our
	signal) initially increases as $n_p^2$. The solid line is
	is the theoretical calculation with only $V_0$ as a fit parameter.
	For accurate light shift measurements, we only used $n_p \leq 15$.
    \label{fig:nPulses}}
\end{figure}

We fit the polarizability to the expression calculated in~\cite{Arora2011}:
\begin{equation}
  \alpha \propto \frac{1}{3} \sum_{n=5}^{8} \sum_{j=1/2}^{3/2}
  \frac{\left|d_{np_j}\right|^2\omega_{np_j}}{\omega^2-\omega_{np_j}^2}
  +C_{\mathrm{tail}}+C_{\mathrm{core}}\,,
  \label{eq:fit}
\end{equation}
where the $d_{np_j} \equiv \braket{np_j||D||5s}$ are reduced dipole
matrix elements and $\omega$ is the lattice laser frequency.
The matrix elements $d_{6p_{1/2}}$ and $d_{6p_{3/2}}$ are fit
parameters, while $d_{5p_{1/2}}$ and $d_{5p_{3/2}}$ are fixed by the
experimental lifetime measurement~\cite{Volz1996}.
The 7$p$ and 8$p$ matrix elements and the
contribution $C_{\mathrm{core}}$, which includes the polarizability of
the core electrons and their interaction with the valence electron,
are calculated in~\cite{Arora2011}. We used an improved calculation of
$C_{\mathrm{tail}}$, the valence contribution for $n>8$,
with reduced uncertainty (see supplemental material).

Fitting the data to Eq.~\ref{eq:fit} around a given $\lambda_\mathrm{zero}$
constrains the relationship among the parameters in the equation. For
example, the position of the $\lambda_\mathrm{zero}$ near 421~nm, which is
between the two $6p$ lines, depends strongly on the {\em ratio} of the
$6p$ matrix elements, $R_{6p}=d_{6p_{3/2}}/d_{6p_{1/2}}$, but more
weakly on their absolute value. On the other hand, the
position of the $\lambda_\mathrm{zero}$ near 423~nm, which is red-detuned of
both $6p$ lines, depends more on the average value of the $6p$
elements (in relation to the $5p$ elements). Fits around a
single $\lambda_\mathrm{zero}$ constrain $6p$ elements with respect to the
non-$6p$ parameters ($d_{np}$, $C_{\mathrm{tail}}$ and $C_{\mathrm{core}}$),
and the extracted values are sensitive to their uncertainties.
Including data around
multiple $\lambda_\mathrm{zero}$ points further constrains the fits. For our
case, where the two $\lambda_\mathrm{zero}$'s are close to each other, the
effect of the non-$6p$ contributions is essentially identical for the
two zeros, so that simultaneous fits to both zeros accurately
determines $R_{6p}$, independent of the other parameters. With the
addition of sufficiently accurate theoretical and experimental values
for the other $d_{np}$, $C_{\mathrm{tail}}$ and $C_{\mathrm{core}}$, we
can also accurately determine absolute values
for $d_{6p_{1/2}}$ and $d_{6p_{3/2}}$.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics{data.eps
  \caption{
	Measured polarizability (arb. units) versus wavelength
	for two linear, orthogonal input polarizations S (red) and P (blue).
	Each point is an average of up to 20 measurements,
	shown with 1$\sigma$ statistical error bars.
	The solid lines (nearly indistinguishable) are fits
	to the expected form (Eq.~\ref{eq:fit}) with the 6$p$ matrix elements
	as free parameters; reduced $\chi^2$ for the S and P fits is
	4.33 and 15.7, respectively.
	Additionally, we allow a separate amplitude
	about each zero to account for different laser power. Fit
	residuals are shown at the top.
	\label{fig:data}}
\end{figure}

We simultaneously fit the 421~nm and 423~nm data sets for a
given polarization. Due to possible differences
in alignment and total power between sets, we fit with an independent
amplitude, $A_{\lambda}$, around each $\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$
giving a total of four fit parameters:
$A_{421}, A_{423}, d_{6p_{1/2}}, d_{6p_{3/2}}$.
The fit values are then averaged for the two polarizations.
(The small difference in extracted matrix elements for S and P
polarization is consistent with the 1\% ellipticity discussed
earlier.) Table \ref{tab:uncertainty} summarizes the
contributions to our final uncertainty in our measured values
for $R_{6p}$, $d_{6p_{1/2}}$ and $d_{6p_{3/2}}$.
The statistical uncertainty in $R_{6p}$, $d_{6p_{1/2}}$ and
$d_{6p_{3/2}}$ are roughly the same, of order 0.1\%. As expected, the
contribution of the uncertainties of the other fixed parameters in
Eq.~\ref{eq:fit} to $R_{6p}$ is negligible, providing a good
comparison with theory, which can predict ratios more accurately than
matrix elements (see supplemental material).
The uncertainties in $d_{6p_{1/2}}$ and $d_{6p_{3/2}}$ do depend on
the other parameters, and the two largest contributions  are from the
theoretical uncertainty in the $np_{3/2}$ component of
$C_{\mathrm{tail}}$ and the experimental uncertainty in
$d_{5p_{3/2}}$; these contribute at the 0.06\% level.
To account for potential lattice alignment drift, we simulated
the effect of a 5\%
linear drift in the extracted polarizability across a data set,
which resulted in an additional 0.2\% uncertainty in $d_{6p_{1/2}}$,
and 0.1\% in $R_{6p}$ and $d_{6p_{3/2}}$~\footnote{That reduced $\chi^2$
  for the fits in Fig.~\ref{fig:data} is larger than 1 is accounted for by
  the additional uncertainty in alignment drift; rescaling the
  statistical uncertainty to give reduced $\chi^2$ of 1 produces
  similar error bars.}.

\begin{table}
  \caption{Absolute uncertainty contributions (in $e a_0\times 10^{-4}$) for
  the $5s$-$6p$ matrix elements and their ratio ($\times 10^{-4}$).
  Note the insensitivity of $R_{6p}$ to uncertainty in the fit parameters.
  Total uncertainty is summed in quadrature. Additionally, our $5s$-$6p$
  matrix elements are compared to the theoretical values (in $e a_0$).
  \label{tab:uncertainty}}
  \begin{ruledtabular}

	\begin{tabular}{l D{.}{.}{-1} D{.}{.}{-1} D{.}{.}{-1}}
	  Contribution
	  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\delta d_{6p_{1/2}}$
	  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\delta d_{6p_{3/2}}$
	  & \multicolumn{1}{c}{$\delta R_{6p}$} \\% ($\times 10^-4$)} \\
	  \hline
	  statistical 		& 1.60 & 1.71 & 9.99 \\
      $d_{5p_{1/2}}$ 	& 0.84 & 1.35 & 0.005 \\
      $d_{7p_{1/2}}$ 	& 0.08 & 0.13 & 0.011 \\
      $d_{8p_{1/2}}$ 	& 0.02 & 0.04 & 0.002 \\
	  $np_{1/2}$ tail 	& 0.56 & 0.92 & 0.029 \\
	  $d_{5p_{3/2}}$ 	& 1.77 & 2.87 & 0.007 \\
	  $d_{7p_{3/2}}$ 	& 0.22	& 0.36 & 0.031 \\
	  $d_{8p_{3/2}}$ 	& 0.06	& 0.10 & 0.006 \\
	  $np_{3/2}$ tail 	& 2.01 & 3.28 & 0.104 \\
	  core 				& 1.25 & 2.05 & 0.065 \\
	  alignment drift	& 8.00 & 6.31 & 20.4 \\
	  Total	 		    & 8.74 & 8.29 & 22.7 \\
	  \hline
	  theoretical value~\cite{Arora2011}
	  & \multicolumn{1}{D{.}{.}{6}}{0.325(9)}
	  & \multicolumn{1}{D{.}{.}{6}}{0.528(13)}
	  & \multicolumn{1}{D{.}{.}{6}}{1.624(7)} \\
	  our results
	  & \multicolumn{1}{D{.}{.}{6}}{0.3236(9)}
	  & \multicolumn{1}{D{.}{.}{6}}{0.5230(8)}
      & \multicolumn{1}{D{.}{.}{6}}{1.616(2)} \\
    \end{tabular}
  \end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

Our light shift cancellation measurement technique accurately determines
the ratio of the 6$p$ matrix elements, with $R_{6p}=1.616(2)$.
The matrix elements are
$d_{6p_{1/2}}=0.3236(9)$ and $d_{6p_{3/2}}=0.5230(8)$, in
excellent agreement with the theoretical values
(Table~\ref{tab:uncertainty}). From these we determine values for the
$\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$ points: 421.075(3)~nm and 423.018(8)~nm.

We have presented the first experimental measurement of the 5s-6p
dipole transition matrix elements in Rb.
Our technique of measuring the relative light shift near
$\lambda_{\mathrm{zero}}$ is applicable to many important
atoms. At a minimum, such measurements constrain matrix elements and
provide benchmarks needed for atomic theory. Absolute matrix element
values can be bootstrapped from a single, well-known matrix element.
Additionally, applying our measurement technique to
metastable states, such as the $^3P_0$ clock state of Yb or Sr,
could provide information about excited-excited state matrix elements.

\begin{acknowledgments}
We acknowledge useful discussions with G.K. Campbell, L.A. Orozco, and W.D.
Phillips. This work was partially supported by the NSF-PHY1104472 and the
ARO with funding from DARPA's OLE program and ARO Grant W911NF0910216
(DURIP).
The work of MSS was performed under the sponsorship of the US
Department of Commerce, NIST.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Heading into WLMH's 'Most Pivotal Year'
Posted on January 14th, 2021 in News
Last year was unique to say the least. But that didn't stop us from making considerable progress toward rebuilding West Lincoln Memorial Hospital (WLMH).
We started 2020 by receiving Ministry approval to create our functional program for the new hospital, which maps out where the services in the hospital will be located, and submitted the plan to the Ministry in October for approval. Other highlights include hiring our architect team to manage this project to completion, getting our zoning application approved by the Town of Grimsby, and starting the process (called a Request for Qualifications or RFQ) to select a design-build team for the new hospital.
We couldn't have done any of this without significant efforts from our dedicated hospital workforce, redevelopment team, partners and community.
As unprecedented as 2020 was, 2021 is looking to be the most pivotal year in WLMH's history.
This month, we're closing our RFQ for the design-build team. We're also expecting approval from the Ministry on our Stage 2 planning package we submitted in October.
By March, we will be submitting our Stage 3 plan to the Ministry, which will include our vision for what the building and site will look like. We'll also be looking to wrap up our evaluation of the RFQ for design-build teams and soon after will issue a formal Request for Proposals (RFP) to these parties. The RFP will close by the end of 2021 and we will then be able to select a team to bring the new WLMH to life.
It's exciting to note that we're less than 18 months away from breaking ground on the new WLMH. We're also further down the road toward rebuilding the hospital than we've ever been before.
There's a lot of work to do before we open the doors of the new hospital, but when we are done, the new WLMH will stand tall, and its rich history and tradition of providing exemplary care will carry on for decades to come.


We are happy to bring you this special offer of 20 bottles of e liquids for 40.00 Euro.
Please choose your flavour and nicotine level. If you can not see your flavour and nicotine level listed please contact us to see if the flavour is in stock.
This price is valid for 20 bottles of same flavour in same nicotine levels only.
THIS OFFER IS FOR REPUBLIC OF IRELAND CUSTOMERS ONLY.


As we have since July 2006, each Friday we'll post our sampling of cigar news and other items of interest from the week. Below is our latest, which is the 583rd in the series.
3) Random Read: Why an Irish whiskey shortage, years in the making, may soon be upon us.
4) Inside the Industry: The cigar industry lost Eric Hanson on June 8. The founder of Hammer + Sickle cigars passed away at just 45 years old. Hanson created Hammer + Sickle cigars in 2010, as a complement to Hammer + Sickle vodka, which he also owned. We interviewed Hanson about his Second Growth brand here.
5) From the Archives: Want to become adept at aging cigars? Check out our 2008 interview with Doc Stogie.
6) Deal of the Week: StogieGuys.com recommends Bespoke Post, a monthly collection of awesome items (think fine bar accessories, shaving kits, workout gear, and more) delivered for just $45. Of note is the Churchill box, which features four exclusive cigars, an ashtray made of reclaimed wood, an odor-eating candle, cedar spills, and a cutter. Once you are signed up, there is no obligation; you can skip or purchase each month. Sign up now to be eligible for the July box.


How does the London Pass work?
The London Pass® is a sightseer credits package which gives you access to a choice of over 80 popular tourist attractions in the city. It's available for either 1, 2, 3, 6, or 10 consecutive days. Simply scan your mobile ticket or card at the gate and London Pass credits will be deducted as you enter each attraction.
Pick a set number of credits according to the duration of your London Pass (1, 2, 3, 6, or 10 consecutive days) and download our mobile pass instantly using our app. You can manage your London Pass via our smartphone app, have it mailed to you, or collect it when you arrive in London.
Each of our 80+ attractions have a credits value which reflects the maximum gate prices. Credits are detracted each time you visit an attraction, starting with your first visit. Passes are valid for consecutive days, not 24-hour periods, so start early in the day to make the most of the incredible attractions at your fingertips.
How long can I use my London Pass® for?
The London Pass is available for 1, 2, 3, 6 or 10 days. Redeem your London Pass credits from the first activation until the last day of your pass duration. Your pass will automatically expires at the end of your 1, 2, 3, 6 or 10 days. After your pass has expired the card will stop working and will not allow you entry into any further attractions.
Does The London Pass® include travel?
It can do. Choose The London Pass + Travel option to include an Oyster Travelcard for journeys across the London transport network (including The Tube, buses, overground and the DLR) at any time of day, any day of the week. Each money-saving Oyster Travelcard comes with credit related to the duration of your credits package; use it during peak and off-peak hours.
View all frequently asked questions and if you can't find the answer we're always on hand to help. Chat with us online, call us, or send us an email and we'll be happy to help.
Where can I use The London Pass®? Which attractions are included?
What is the "credits value"?
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This excerpt was originally published in Hoisington Investment Management Company's Quarterly Review and Outlook, Second Quarter 2010.
Real GDP has improved for four consecutive quarters (2nd qtr. est.), albeit at a substandard pace following the steep decline in economic activity of the previous year and a half. An impressive recovery in business sales and industrial production has occurred. The responsibility for dating contractions and expansions in the U.S. economy rests with the cycle dating committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Thus far, the NBER has been unwilling to proclaim an end to the recession that started in late 2007. This may partially reflect the fact that the ratio of people employed to our total population has fallen from 62.7% in December 2007 to 58.5% today. Although the recent low in this measure was 58.2%, touched just a couple of months ago, our present level is no higher than it was in 1983. This measure is a proximate indication of our country's overall standard of living and interestingly over the last twenty years has declined as the U.S. economy has become more indebted (Chart 1). Although the four coincident indicators that the NBER utilizes in judging recession troughs have turned positive, two of them (income less transfer payments and employment) have only marginally shifted upwards and are subject to significant revisions.
Thus, history may come to judge that the NBER was very wise to hold off making this end of recession call. Four major considerations suggest that the past several quarters may be nothing more than an interlude in a more sustained economic downturn, with further negative quarters still ahead. Such an outcome will suppress inflation further and quite possibly lead to deflation.
This situation is graphically illustrated in Chart 2. The U.S. economy is depicted in a pie chart that expands initially (arrow A, Chart 2) in response to the deficit spending but then as resources are transferred from the private to the government sector, the economy ends where it started (arrow B, Chart 2). However, the government share of economic activity will be greater than the 20.6% share where it started (arrow C, Chart 2).
The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) projects that the ratio of government debt to GDP will jump from 53% currently to 77.2% in 2020 (Chart 3). Based on this substantially elevated level of debt, the government share of total GDP could exceed 25% of GDP within five years followed by even higher levels thereafter, a dramatic difference from the share in 2009. The government share of GDP has been moving higher since the 2001 recession as the Government/Debt to GDP ratio has advanced (Chart 2). At the same time that the government share of GDP has risen, the private sector share of GDP has fallen. This period of extreme underperformance of the private sector since 2001 combined with higher relative levels of government debt constitutes a clear sign that the U.S. is following the path toward economic stagnation and a lower standard of living.
Going forward, the diminished private sector must generate the resources (i.e. the funds) to service and/ or repay the increased level of debt.
If the private sector is not successful in generating the additional resources needed, the government sector must either go deeper into debt or impose additional taxes on the already stressed private sector. Considerable evidence suggests that this self-defeating process has already resulted in transfers of resources from the private sector to the government sector (Chart 4). In the past four quarters, total debt has dropped by a record $789 billion even though federal debt has surged by an outsized $1.45 trillion. The reconciling factor was a record $2.235 trillion contraction in private debt outstanding.
Second, the other side of fiscal policy -- taxes -- also poses another major obstacle to a return to sustained economic growth. The scientific work indicates that the government tax multiplier has a negative impact on economic growth. Academicians estimate that the drag on the overall economy from a $1 increase in taxes is between $1 to $3 over time. Thus the multiplier is -1 to -3. According to the administration's figures, the sunsetting tax cuts of 2001 and 2003 will result in a $1.5 trillion increase in taxes over the ten year period beginning in January 2011. Some have estimated that the health care reform legislation will raise taxes another $0.5 trillion, while adding to the budget deficit at the same time. Using a mid-range tax multiplier of -2, the contractionary force on the U.S. economy over the upcoming ten years would be $4 trillion, or approximately an average of $400 billion a year. This amount happens to be almost as much as the entire gain in GDP in the past four quarters. Clearly, a very vulnerable economy will not be able to absorb such higher taxes easily and the response may well be a renewed business contraction.
Third, the U.S. economy remains extremely over-indebted. In the first quarter, the total debt to GDP ratio was 357%, 100 percentage points higher than in 1998. The best scholarly work indicates that the process of over indulging on debt ends badly -- economic deterioration, systematic risk and in the normative case deflation. The private sector has deleveraged slightly either due to conditions imposed by the capital markets or their own choice. Nevertheless, the private sector remains massively over-leveraged.
Third, money can serve as a store for future use. According to Friedman, money, in this capacity, serves as "a temporary abode of purchasing power." You may store your wealth in a variety of places. Although gold coins were once used, gold is so illiquid that it is not even considered to be a form of near money -- though it is still widely thought of as a store of value. Since its price can fluctuate widely and unpredictably, it no longer serves well as a medium of exchange or as a unit of account. Also, storage, insurance and conversion costs for gold may arise.
The monetary base, bank reserves plus currency, does not fulfill these functions and hence does not constitute money. To paraphrase Friedman and Schwartz, the base, which is also known as highpowered money (currency in the hands of the public and assets of banks held in the form of vault cash or deposits at Federal Reserve Banks) cannot meet these criteria. The nonbank public -- nonfinancial corporations, state and local governments and households -- cannot use deposits at the Federal Reserve Bank to effectuate transactions. Moreover, currency is not sufficiently broad to be considered a temporary abode of purchasing power. For Friedman, high-powered money can be properly regarded as assets of some individuals and liabilities of none. So, let us be clear on this subject. In 2008, when the fed purchased all manner of securities, to the tune of about $1.2 trillion, the fed was not "printing money". Bank deposits at the fed exploded to the upside, the monetary base rose from $800 billion to $2.1 trillion, yet no mOney was "printed." Deposits did not rise, loans were not made, income was not lifted, and output did not surge. The fed could further "quantative ease" and purchase another $1 trillion in securities and lift the monetary base by a similar amount yet money would still not be "printed". It is obvious the fed authorities would like to see money, income, and output rise, but they cannot control private sector borrowing. If banks were forced to recognize bad loans and get the depreciated assets into stronger more liquid hands, it could be debated on how much reserves should be in the banking system. Until that cleansing process is completed it will be a slow grind to cure the one factor which makes the fed "impotent" and unable to "print money"...overindebtedness.
Long term Treasury bondand zero coupon bonds will perform well in this environment. Collapsing inflationary expectations (or should we say rising deflationary expectations) will drive the bond yields lower; perhaps even into the range of prior historical lows. In this environment, holdings of long Treasury paper will serve not only as a safe haven but an asset whose value will appreciate significantly.


Transactional emails are some of the most important emails a company sends—64% of consumers consider transaction confirmations the most valuable messages in their inbox.
Despite their value, these emails aren't paid the same attention as commercial marketing messages. In fact, transactional emails are usually controlled by IT or development teams, rather than marketing teams. These departments typically lack the tools marketers use to optimize their messages and ensure they are performing well and providing users with a positive experience.
In addition, transactional emails have a reputation for being "set it and forget it" programs, where they are tested once, placed into production, and forgotten about. However, these emails need to be tested frequently to catch errors that might go unnoticed and impact performance. Updates to email applications may mean that support for HTML and CSS changes without notice, branding changes may lead to outdated graphics, and broken links and images are all too common.
Sendwithus has solved the problem of testing emails and catching these errors. Starting today, paying Sendwithus users can test their emails instantly using Litmus technology. Through an integration with Litmus' Instant Previews API, developers and IT teams can now instantly preview their transactional messages in 50+ email clients and apps on a regular basis, enabling them to quickly spot necessary changes and ensure their emails are optimized for performance.
The integration leverages Litmus' Instant Previews API—one of the only email preview integrations available in the marketplace that delivers screenshots in seconds (rather than minutes), giving customers instant feedback about their emails. The Instant API works alongside the Advanced Editor in Sendwithus, providing users with an iterative workflow for building and testing their transactional messages.
With today's launch, now all Sendwithus users will be able to spend less time building and troubleshooting email, and more time creating better subscriber experiences.
Check out our joint webinar with Sendwithus on identifying and fixing common email rendering problems.
Litmus Instant Previews are now available in all paying Sendwithus accounts. Using the integration is simple: after choosing a template, users can click "edit" and navigate to the "Device Tests" tab to access Instant Previews.
From there, you'll be able to select which devices you'd like to test for your campaign.
Once you click "Run Device Test," your previews will appear instantly.
See a rendering error in one of your previews? Simply update the code in Sendwithus' editor and re-test.
Check out the documentation or start using it today.
Litmus' Partner APIs allow the flexibility to seamlessly integrate Litmus features (just like Sendwithus!) within your own app. Give your users the functionality to build, test, and monitor their emails with confidence.
The Litmus Instant API: Designed to work perfectly within your editor, the Litmus Instant API delivers screenshots in 40+ clients in just seconds.
The Litmus Previews API: Provide your customers with the most comprehensive pre-send test with the Litmus Previews API. Alongside email previews, ensure links are working and your email isn't getting caught in spam filters.
The Litmus Analytics API: Measure the gap between opens and clicks with the Litmus Email Analytics API. Your users can see who opens their email in Outlook, Gmail, and iPhone—and how long they spent reading each message; identify fans and evangelists with insight into who forwards or prints; and pinpoint where in the world their subscribers opened with geolocation data.
Interested in expanding your toolset? Check out the documentation, or shoot us an email.


In her first year as a veterinarian, Dr. Linda Tintle fell in love with shar-pei dogs due to their plush, velvety coat, intelligence and distinctive personality. Shar-pei happen to be uniquely susceptible to a variety of medical problems that were little understood at the time. Today, Tintle is a leading authority on shar-pei health.
The first time Dr. Linda Tintle placed her hands on the soft, wrinkled skin of a Chinese shar-pei, it was the middle of the night and she was a brand-new veterinarian just six weeks out of school.
Tintle was on call when a client of the clinic where she worked in New York's Hudson Valley phoned at 1 a.m. with an emergency. A breeder with a boarding business, the client was taking care of a litter of 4-week-old puppies and their mother while the dogs' owners were out of town. One of the pups had spiked a fever exceeding 104 degrees.
The puppy was a shar-pei, a breed originating in China that in those days was rare in the United States. Tintle had never seen, let alone treated, a shar-pei, and she had no idea why the pup was so sick.
As it turns out, Tintle was no more ignorant as an inexperienced doctor than she would have been as a veteran practitioner. That's because in 1981, few in veterinary medicine knew that shar-pei are prone to bouts of fever, and no one knew why.
Today, the particular medical vulnerabilities of the breed are far better understood, thanks to research plumbing the genetic underpinnings of shar-pei health. The knowledge that shar-pei are prone to a host of autoinflammatory diseases, and why, can be traced in large part to the feverish puppy in New York. It was that puppy's doctor, Tintle, who spurred researchers to take a close look at shar-pei and who participated and continues to participate in the research herself.
In academia, veterinarians routinely combine clinical practice with scientific research, but as a full-time private clinic owner doing research, Tintle "is quite unique," said Kerstin Lindblad-Toh, one of Tintle's research collaborators.
Lindblad-Toh is a professor in comparative genomics at Uppsala University in Sweden and scientific director of vertebrate genome biology at the Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University. She is a co-author with Tintle and others on two groundbreaking studies of shar-pei genetics and disease. The first study, published in 2011 in the journal PLOS Genetics, found that the same mutation that gives shar-pei their characteristic thick, wrinkled skin also predisposes the breed to a periodic fever syndrome.
The second study, published this October in PLOS ONE, delves deeper into shar-pei disease to identify genetic variants associated with disease risk. The research shows that the same genetics underlie different clinical signs of inflammation, demonstrating that the periodic fevers are part of an autoinflammatory syndrome.The genetic information makes it possible to develop a DNA test to gauge individual dogs' risk of autoinflammatory disease — a test that may be commercially available in a matter of months.
Tintle never intended to fold research into her career, much less become an authority on one dog breed's health problems. "Never did I say, 'I want to grow up to be a shar-pei expert,' " she said.
But from the way she took care of her first shar-pei patient three decades ago, it was apparent that Tintle was not the type of doctor to let a puzzle go unsolved.
The puppy who took ill happened to be the one Mandelcorn had chosen to keep from the litter. Mandelcorn called the dog Chin-Chin, short for Chinoiserie. Asked whether she ever worried that her beloved Chin-Chin was in the care of an inexperienced veterinarian whom she'd never met, Mandelcorn said not at all.
The Mandelcorns supported her quest, which involved a battery of tests for infectious and autoimmune diseases. During Chin-Chin's recuperation, they made the hour drive from their home in Westchester County to Tintle's clinic for periodic checkups, tests and treatment for other conditions that arose. During those visits, Tintle often took Chin-Chin home with her until the dog was ready to return to her owners.
By then, Tintle had fallen in love with the cuddly breed. "They were just the right size, just the right short coat and they were very intelligent," she said.
That gesture of gratitude would lay the course of Tintle's career.
As a teenager, Tintle bred and showed Great Danes, so she was familiar with the world of breed enthusiasts. To learn more about shar-pei, she began attending shows to connect with shar-pei breeders. As owners heard of her interest and growing knowledge, they began coming to her clinic, some driving across states.
Other veterinarians with shar-pei patients, such as Vidt, the practitioner in suburban Chicago, reached out for consultations and to share observations and ideas.
Tintle learned that shar-pei are given to bouts of mysterious fevers that may spontaneously resolve. Sometimes, their hocks swell painfully. They are prone to arthritis, dermatitis, otitis and kidney disease. Tintle suspected a systemic problem, perhaps an immunodeficiency of some sort.
She monitored the scientific literature, hoping and waiting for someone to explore the problem. No one did. She began calling around, trying to interest researchers in the issue. At first, she had no luck. Then she connected with immunologists at Cornell University, her alma mater, on a project exploring the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, a condition common in shar-pei. She would send the researchers blood samples from both sick and well dogs, trying to identify what was happening in the immune system. Tintle wasn't only the supplier of samples. She worked with the researchers to examine the results and design increasingly defined studies.
Their work led to the discovery that the shar-pei, even when they weren't feverish, had high levels of interleukin-6, a chemical messenger associated with inflammation. This finding (published in July 1992 by the journal Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology) suggested that, indeed, the dogs had an underlying systemic disorder.
In 1984, a few years before she began research, Tintle opened her own clinic in Wurtsboro, N.Y. The clinic originated as a satellite of a mixed animal practice in Middletown owned by Tintle's husband, Dean — a Cornell classmate whom she married their senior year — and Dean's brother, Kevin. About 15 years ago, the Tintles separated the two practices and expanded the satellite clinic into a full-service small animal hospital. Dean joined the Wurtsboro practice full-time.
Today, Tintle's patients are almost exclusively shar-pei. "It's not unusual for me to see three to eight shar-pei a day," she said.
Shar-pei aren't inevitably sickly. Tintle's first pup, Rikki — the littermate of Chin-Chin — lived to be 16½. One of Tintle's patients lived to 18, an impressive age for any dog. But a practice of mostly shar-pei can be depressing at times.
An explanation for shar-pei's fragile health began to emerge in 1990 with the publication of an article in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association by Dr. Stephen DiBartola of the Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine. DiBartola and collaborators described a familial renal amyloidosis of young shar-pei and reported that many of the dogs had a history of recurrent unexplained fever events. The study noted that the episodes resemble Familial Mediterranean Fever, a periodic fever disorder that also predisposes patients to the buildup of abnormal amyloid protein. Amyloidosis can affect any of a variety of organs or systems — heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. The study begged the question: Might shar-pei fever syndrome be similar?
The answer, it turns out, is yes. Researchers now know that, like Familial Mediterranean Fever, Familial Shar-Pei Fever, as the condition has come to be named, is inherited and characterized by attacks of inflammation.
Building on this concept, Tintle, Broad Institute geneticist Lindblad-Toh and colleagues found that a genetic mutation in shar-pei produces excess hyaluronan, a substance found throughout the body. Tintle describes it as "the body's sculptural material that also functions as a molecule that signals damage." As with so many things, while a certain amount of hyaluronan is essential and beneficial, an excess is detrimental. The health consequences are "practically limitless," Tintle said.
Not all shar-pei are afflicted. Some, like normal dogs, have two copies of a genetic mutation affecting the production of hyaluronan; others have as many as 10, according to Lindblad-Toh. "It's not a yes-no switch but a gradient," she said. The more copies of the mutation, the researchers believe, the greater a dog's risk of autoinflammatory fallout.
Complicating the picture, the researchers have found that while excess hyaluronan is related to the shar-pei's wrinkles, you can't necessarily predict by its wrinkles an individual dog's risk. That's why a DNA test from a blood sample to determine the number of variant copies is so eagerly anticipated.
The role of hyaluronan isn't the whole story. The researchers recently found that a second genomic region influences a dog's development of amyloidosis, which in shar-pei can lead to early death by kidney failure. More study is needed to determine the exact role of the modifier locus, but Tintle is hopeful it will explain why some dogs die young — and perhaps point to breeding approaches that promote healthier future generations of shar-pei.
She added: "There are veterinarians who are very helpful and collect samples, but when the samples leave their hands, it's up to us. This (collaboration with Tintle) is a dialogue." She estimated that on average, someone from her team communicates with Tintle weekly.
Beyond practice ownership and research, Tintle has still more commitments. She's created and sells a line of supplements for dogs with chronic inflammatory disorders. She recently wrapped up eight years on the dean's advisory council at the Cornell veterinary college. She's president of a local emergency animal hospital. She is president of the New York State Veterinary Medical Society. She's is versed on an array of heavy topical issues in the profession, from student debt to foreign-school accreditation, from the under-representation of women in leadership positions to an apparent decrease in young veterinarians aspiring to own hospitals.
And she manages to make time for personal pleasures, such as hiking and downhill skiing, as well as caring for two dogs, a cat and a flock of chickens.
One of Tintle's greatest admirers knows her not as a clinician-scientist but as a professional leader and role model. Dr. Donald F. Smith, a former dean of the Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, invited Tintle about a year ago to help him with an initiative to bring more female veterinarians into leadership roles and boost their numbers in practice ownership. While women make up more than half of U.S. veterinarians and comprise about 80 percent of current veterinary students, Smith said they hold about 20 percent of senior leadership positions in the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).
For example, during a session on women's leadership he co-organized at the state veterinary conference in September, participants talked about the need for mentoring and leadership-skill development. Someone pointed out that the AVMA has just such a program involving some 12 recent graduates per year.
Her direct and assertive manner does not appear to translate into ego, however. After her first paper on shar-pei was published in 2011, Tintle thought to email the Mandelcorns — the couple whose puppy Chin-Chin was Tintle's first shar-pei patient. The veterinarian thanked her former clients for their role in her work.
The recognition somewhat embarrasses Mandelcorn. "We always felt that our influence or contribution was so minimal, but it was so nice of her to acknowledge us this way," Mandelcorn said.
After all, as she and her husband see it, in tracking down the mysteries of shar-pei health, Tintle is, in a way, still taking care of their pup.


ECL Choppers for Charity rides again - all in support of respite care at Rotary Flames House.
Once again, we are supporting respite care at Rotary Flames House, which offers specialized care for families of children with complex medical conditions in an environment that feels like home. Respite care allows for a temporary break for families from the stress of providing round-the-clock medical care to their children. To learn more about respite care and Rotary Flames House, click here.


text:
The Quemahoning Tunnel was a tunnel that was constructed for use on the stillborn South Pennsylvania Railroad. The tunnel was located in Somerset County, Pennsylvania near the 106.3 milemarker of the Pennsylvania Turnpike.

While the South Pennsylvania Railroad never came to fruition and is known in history as "Vanderbilt's Folly", the Quemahoning Tunnel has the distinction of being the only tunnel of the nine tunnels constructed on the South Pennsylvania alignment that was actually used by railroads, as it was used by the Pittsburgh, Westmoreland and Somerset Railroad from 1909 to 1916.

When the newly formed Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission purchased the South Pennsylvania Railroad alignment in 1937, the Turnpike considered using the Quemahoning Tunnel, but instead bypassed it. The Laurel Hill Tunnel, which was also constructed by the railroad but used by the Pennsylvania Turnpike until its own bypassing in 1964, is located six miles to the west. The Negro Mountain Tunnel, also bypassed by the Turnpike during the original construction, is located ten miles to the east.

As of 2019, it was planned to be daylighted as part of the expansion of the turnpike to 6 lanes.
In 2022 the destruction of the tunnel was reported to have been completed in preparation of the widening of the turnpike.

References

External links
Quemahoning Tunnel at Gribblenation.net

Railroad tunnels in Pennsylvania
Transportation buildings and structures in Somerset County, Pennsylvania
Tunnels completed in 1906
Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission
1906 establishments in Pennsylvania

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


More Skavlan Twitter: twitter.com/skavlantvshow Facebook: facebook.com/skavlantalkshow Instagram: instagram.com/fredrikskavlan.
BY MAHENDRA EDUCATIONAL PVT. LTD.
Denzel Washington and Jamie Foxx sing Cardi B, talk about taking food and floral arrangements home from the Oscars, and more in this Grey Goose production.
"Today I met Malala. She was giving, utterly graceful, compelling and intelligent. That might sound obvious but I was struck by this even more in person.
Amazon CEO, Jeff Bezos, sat down with Henry Blodget at Business Insider's Ignition 2014 for an in-depth interview on a variety of topics.


In a surprise move, the New York Times has named TechCrunch founder Michael Arrington to fill the newly created position of "ethics czar" at the newspaper.
Arrington's appointment comes on the heels of a public feud in which he again accused technology columnist David Pogue of "clear violations" of the New York Times' ethical guidelines for writing about Apple products while at the same time producing his own series of Missing Manuals for Apple products.
Arrington, who had a public breakup with the Apple iPhone last July and whose site has been oddly bereft of Apple rumors ever since, also proposed that priests should be allowed to marry.
In a prepared statement,* Arrington says he looks forward to "celebrating bias" in the pages of the New York Times — giving favorable coverage to companies he or his VC buddies have a financial interest in, using imaginary friends as sources, posting leaked documents obtained illegally just because he can, and publishing any rumor that crosses his desk no matter how dimwitted.
TechCrunch is different. TechCrunch is all about insider information and conflicts of interest. The only way I get access to the information I do is because these entrepreneurs and venture capitalists are my friends. I genuinely like these people and want them to succeed, and they know it and therefore trust me more than they trust traditional press.
Arrington will continue to edit TechCrunch in his inimitable fashion. However, in accordance with the Times' existing ethics policy, Arrington will have to give up his post as President of the American Association of Pompous Douchebags (AAPDB).
In related news: The Vatican has announced it will rescind a 2000-year-old policy and allow Catholic priests to enjoy the sacrament of marriage.


Join Pastor Willie Morris and Rock members for this study at 7 PM on Wednesdays in the Chapel.
No need to leave children at home–they will be supervised and offered help with their homework.
Bring a study Bible and your book, if you have one, and a writing utensil.


text:
Prometheus: The Titan Who Gave Man Fire
You've probably heard the name Prometheus before, but how well do you know the story of the Titan who was punished for helping mankind?
Many figures in Greek mythology only appear in one or two stories. Sometimes their stories were only told in a certain place or for a brief period.
Other characters loom large, figuring in many myths. The most famous gods and heroes appear constantly, seeming to have had a hand in every story the ancient Greeks ever told.
But a few characters fill a different role. They crop up time and time again, but aren't as central to the story as someone like Zeus or Hermes.
One of these constant figures in Greek mythology is the Titan Prometheus. He appears over and over in the legends of ancient Greece, but even the most famous stories about him involve other gods and heroes that people remember more vividly.
From the time Zeus first fought to be king of the gods until Heracles undertook his famous labors, Prometheus was there.
He wasn't one of the major gods of Greece. Yet long after the ancient era, he has endured as an important symbol in art and literature.
So who was Prometheus, and how does he figure into some of Greece's most well-known myths?
Prometheus Was a Friend to the Gods
Before the gods of Olympus took power, the universe was ruled by the Titans. Uranus, the heavens, and Gaia, the earth, had given birth to this older generation of gods.
Prometheus was one of the sons of the Titan Iapetus. His mother was the Oceanid Clymene, one of the 3,000 daughters of Oceanus.
After the twelve Titans, Gaia gave birth to six more children, but the three Cyclopes and three Hecatonchieres, or Hundred-Handers, were hated by their father and hidden away. While the Titans had positions under their father's rule, Gaia's more monstrous children were imprisoned.
Gaia asked the Titans to punish their father for the way he had treated the Hundred-Handers and the Cyclopes. Her son Chronus was the only one of the twelve willing to fight back against Uranus.
Chronus became the new ruler of the Titans with the defeat of Uranus. He quickly became a tyrant, obsessed with maintaining his position.
Believing that one of his children would someday grow powerful enough to overthrow him, he swallowed each of his wife Rhea's babies at birth.
Rhea hid her sixth child, Zeus, on the island of Crete to save him. The Titaness tricked her husband into swallowing a stone instead by wrapping it in swaddling blankets.
Zeus grew into adulthood and eventually returned to challenge his father.
With the help of Metis, one of the Oceanids, he tricked Cronus into swallowing a mixture of mustard and wine that would force him to vomit. When Cronus threw up the children he had swallowed, they joined with their brother to overthrow the rule of the Titans.
The resulting war against the first generation of gods is called the Titanomachy. For ten years the gods fought one another for control of the universe.
Despite being Titans themselves, Prometheus and his brother Epimetheus sided with Zeus in the war. Their brother Atlas was one of the chief generals on the side of Cronus.
In the play Prometheus Bound, from the 5th century BC, the writer Aeschylus expands on the role Prometheus played in the war against his fellow Titans. In the play, Prometheus claims to have counseled the Titans against going to war.
The name Prometheus is usually translated to mean "foresight." Prometheus had the foresight to know that the war would not be won by pure strength, but by cunning and intelligence.
When the Titans refused to listen to his prophecy and insisted on a war against the upstart gods, Prometheus joined the side of the Olympians against them. His foresight and wisdom helped Zeus gain the upper hand many times.
Why Was Poseidon Angry With Odysseus?
As the war dragged on, Gaia eventually took the side of Zeus as well. She told them where her monstrous children, the Hundred-Handers and the Cyclopes, had been imprisoned.
Zeus and his allies freed Gaia's children to fight with them. With the aid of the monsters, Zeus was finally able to defeat Cronus.
The Titans were cast into the deepest part of Tartarus, the hellish underworld, and the Hecatonchieres were set as their guards. Prometheus, as one of the few to take the side of the younger gods, was given a place of honor at Olympus.
Zeus became the new king of the gods, with his siblings ruling beside him. They established a new throne on Mount Olympus.
Each Olympian was given domain over a different aspect of the earth. Their allies in the war were given gifts and responsibilities of their own.
Valued for his foresight, Prometheus became one of the new king's most valuable and trusted advisors. He was often consulted to mediate disputes and prevent disasters.
Unfortunately for Prometheus, the good favor he had earned during the Titanomachy was not to last.
The Trick at Mecone
While Prometheus was a friend of the Olympians, he truly loved humans.
The Greeks had many different myths regarding the creation of mankind, but according to some writings it was Prometheus himself who created the first mortals. Aesop, for example, claimed the Titan fashioned the first men out of clay and tears.
Prometheus is often shown in art fashioning men out of clay.
According to Plato, the gods had created men but Prometheus was the one who gave them their greatest gifts.
His brother Epimetheus, whose name meant "afterthought," had carelessly given animals all the best tools for survival.
Animals had fur to keep them warm and sharp teeth and claws to defend themselves and hunt for food. Humans were weak and vulnerable by comparison.
Seeing that humans had no natural defenses against nature or the elements, Prometheus took pity on them. He stole the mechanical skills of Hephaestus and the wisdom of Athena and gave them to humans so they could survive and prosper.
Some stories also say that this was the first time Prometheus gave humans the gift of fire. It would not be the last, though.
However the relationship began, it was clear that Prometheus loved mortals.
Unfortunately, Zeus didn't always share that love. The king of the gods took little notice of mankind until the time came for him to claim his share of what they produced.
The rift between Prometheus and the king of the gods began over a sacrifice. The gods and men agreed that each should get a share of the food the humans raised, but neither party could agree on how to divide the sacrifice.
Humans and gods met at a site called Mecone to settle the matter.
Zeus turned to Prometheus, who had always given him good advice, to determine the best way to divide a sacrificial bull. It was obvious that Zeus felt the best parts of the animal should be reserved for the gods, but Prometheus had other ideas.
The Titan created two piles. The first had all the best cuts of meat, but was covered by rough hides and unappetizing scraps. The second had a few rich pieces of fatty meat on top, but concealed underneath were nothing but bones.
Presented with the choice, Zeus chose the sacrifice that looked most attractive on top but was mostly bones underneath.
Prometheus had outsmarted the king of the gods, and humans got to keep the best portion of what they grew. From that day forth, Greek temples gave sacrifices of bones and fat to the gods while humans ate the best meat.
Nyx: The Goddess of the Night
While Zeus was known for his wisdom and justice, he also had a reputation for being easily angered. The trickery that had robbed him of the finest part of the sacrifice made the king furious, and he swore he would have revenge on both Prometheus and the morals he had helped.
Prometheus and the Punishments of Man
Angry at being made to look like a fool and receiving only bones as a sacrifice, Zeus wanted revenge on mankind.
Humans had won the best pieces of meat, but that didn't mean anything if the meat couldn't be cooked. Zeus took fire away from the humans, a petty form of punishment for winning the best parts of the ox.
Prometheus, who was always sympathetic toward humans, saw how terrible this punishment really was for mankind. He knew that humans relied on fire for more than cooking.
Without fire they could not stay warm. Being left in the dark made them more vulnerable to attacks from animals and monsters.
Prometheus was determined to once again help the humans. He decided to steal fire back from the gods themselves.
Prometheus, however, who was accustomed to scheming, planned by his own efforts to bring back the fire that had been taken from men. So, when the others were away, he approached the fire of Jove [Zeus], and with a small bit of this shut in a fennel-stalk he came joyfully, seeming to fly, not to run, tossing the stalk so that the air shut in with its vapours should not put out the flame in so narrow a space.
–Pseudo-Hyginus, Astronomica 2. 15 (trans. Grant) (Roman mythographer C2nd A.D.)
His race to save men from the cold and darkness was later commemorated through an annual ceremony in Athens. Runners would form a relay, passing a torch until the last runner used it to light a sacrificial fire to Athena.
This relay lives on today in the tradition of the Olympic torch. The Athenian tradition spread throughout Greece with the original Olympiad and today the torch circles the globe.
When his first attempt to punish mankind failed, Zeus came up with another plan.
He went to Hephaestus, the gods' smith, with orders to make a beautiful woman of clay. He named this woman Pandora.
Knowing that Epimetheus was not gifted with his brother's foresight, Zeus sent Pandora to him. Prometheus cautioned his brother not to trust the beautiful woman, but Epimetheus ignored the warning.
Pandora, however, carried a terrible secret.
After she married Epimetheus, Pandora opened the jar she carried with her. Into it, Zeus and the gods had placed all the evils that would plague men.
Disease, sickness and other types of bad fortune came flying out. The only thing she was able to save in the jar was Hope.
Pandora had released all the punishments that Prometheus could not save mankind from. Her jar of ill-fortune marked the end of the peaceful Golden Age and introduced problems that men could never be rid of.
Zeus had finally gotten his revenge on men for the trick at Mecone.
The Rock and the Eagle
Mankind had been punished, but Zeus still wanted Prometheus to pay for his trickery. Made even more angry when the Titan stole back the fire taken from men, Zeus came up with a truly horrible punishment for Prometheus.
Zeus took the Titan captive and had him brought to a desolate gorge in the Caucasus mountains.
He ordered Hephaestus to bind Prometheus to the rocks with unbreakable chains. Although the smith was reluctant to inflict punishment on a fellow immortal, he had no choice but to obey the will of the king.
The Myths of Poseidon's Children
Zeus sent a great eagle to attack Prometheus. The bird pulled out the Titan's liver, swallowing it before flying away.
The punishment was continuous. Every night the Titan's body magically healed itself and every day the eagle returned to attack again.
Prometheus would be tortured like this day after day until Zeus allowed him to be freed.
Prometheus and Zeus both proved to be prideful and stubborn gods. Prometheus would not atone for disobeying Zeus. Zeus would not forgive Prometheus.
The Titan's torture continued for centuries. Some say it went on for 30,000 years.
Aeschylus detailed Prometheus's punishment in his play Prometheus Bound. The first part of a trilogy about the famous Titan, Prometheus Bound is the only one of the three plays to survive 2,500 years later.
In Prometheus Bound, Prometheus is visited by several other figures from Greek mythology and tells them his story, as well as his visions of the future.
Hephaestus and two of Zeus's henchmen, Kratos and Bia, appear at the beginning of the play to bind Prometheus.
The Oceanids, sea nymphs, arrive in a winged chariot. They ask Prometheus to tell them how he angered Zeus enough to deserve such a horrible punishment and are sympathetic to his pain.
Oceanus, the father of the Oceanids, flies in on the back of a dragon. He offers to intercede with Zeus on the Titan's behalf, but Prometheus warns that doing so would only direct the king's anger toward Oceanus himself.
The nymph Io happens upon Prometheus. Once a priestess of Hera, she had attracted Zeus's attention. He turned her into a white bull to hide her from his wife, but Hera had learned of Io and sent a stinging gadfly to torment her. Io had spent years roaming the world in an attempt to avoid both Zeus's advances and Hera's jealousy.
Finally the god Hermes arrives with a demand from Zeus. When Prometheus refuses to use his prophetic foresight for Zeus's benefit, Hermes warns that the king will grow even more furious.
Prometheus tells Io that she will bear Zeus's son, Epaphus. Many generations later, one of Epaphus's descendents would give birth to a great archer.
Only when this archer was born would Prometheus be freed.
While Aschylus's final plays, Prometheus Unbound and Prometheus the Fire-Bringer don't survive, other sources tell us that the archer in the prophecy was most likely Heracles. But it would be many generations before that great hero could set Prometheus free.
Prometheus and the Flood
In spite of enduring thousands of years of torture, Prometheus continued to help humans even when doing so went against Zeus's commands.
The Golden Age had ended with Pandora's curses, and Zeus had destroyed the men of the Silver Age during Prometheus's captivity. The world was now in the Bronze Age, and once again Zeus grew angry with humankind.
As before, his anger was triggered by a sacrifice. The king of Arcadia had sacrificed a young boy in the name of the gods.
Zeus and the other Olympians were disgusted by this act. The men of the Bronze Age were known for their violence, but the sacrifice of a child was too cruel for the gods to overlook.
Zeus decided that humanity was beyond redemption and must be destroyed.
Once more, Prometheus would be the one to save humankind from complete destruction. While he could not stop Zeus from wiping out the vicious men of the Bronze Age, Prometheus would ensure that the human race would continue into the Age of Heroes.
Even though he was still bound by unbreakable chains, Prometheus had fathered a son, Deucalion. Ancient writers give different versions of who Deucalion's mother was, but most say she was one of the Oceanids.
Why Did Poseidon Curse the Wife of King Minos?
When Zeus ordered Poseidon to flood the world and destroy the human race, Prometheus warned his son to find safety. Deucalion and his wife, Pyrrah, fled to the top of the mountain.
Some versions of the story say that Prometheus advised Deucalion to build a chest to store the provisions he and his wife would need. The two floated on the chest to the safety of high ground.
Most historians believe that parts of the legend, including Deucalion's chest, were influenced by stories of Noah and other Near Eastern flood myths. By the time of the late Roman Empire, the legend of Deucalion even said that he built an ark to save himself from the floodwaters.
When the flood ended, Deucalion and Pyrrah were some of the very few humans to survive.
Their first act was to offer a sacrifice to Zeus for sparing them. Then, they prayed in the temples of many different gods and goddesses for guidance in how they could repopulate the earth.
An oracle told them to throw their mother's bones over their shoulders as they walked. Deucalion correctly interpreted this to mean stones – Gaia, the earth, was the mother of all creation.
The stones Deucalion threw became a new race of men, while Pyrrah's became women.
The humans that rose from Deucalion and Pyrrah's stones spread throughout the earth. With the other survivors they found, they repopulated the world.
Their own son, Hellen, became the ancestor of the Greek people. They called themselves Hellenes in his honor, and to this day Greek culture is often referred to as Hellenic.
By warning Deucalion, Prometheus had once again saved humanity from destruction. This time, however, he and the people he helped would not be punished.
Zeus was pleased with the sacrifice Deucalion and Pyrrah had made in his honor and saw that they were devoted to the gods. He allowed the people they created to flourish, beginning the Age of Heroes.
Heracles Frees the Titan
When Zeus destroyed the people of the Bronze Age, a few survived other than Deucalion and Pyrrah. Io, by then returned to her human form, and her son Epaphus were in Egypt at the time and were spared.
Nine generations later, Epaphus's descendent Perseus was born. Perseus grew up to be one of the most legendary heroes in the world.
Perseus rescued and married the African princess Andromeda. One of their sons, Electryon, became the father of a beautiful woman named Alcmene.
As was the case for many beautiful women in Greek mythology, Alcmene drew the attention of Zeus.
After Zeus deceived her by disguising himself as her husband, Alcmene gave birth to a son. She named her baby Heracles in an effort to please Hera, Zeus's jealous wife.
The Twelve Labors of Heracles are among the most famous and memorable legends in Greek mythology. Completing them would earn Heracles his place with the gods of Mount Olympus.
His eleventh task, stealing the apples from the garden of the Hesperides, would put him on the path to freeing Prometheus.
The Hesperides were beautiful nymphs of the sunset, and their garden was in the far west. In it grew golden apples that were said to grant immortality to anyone who took a bite of them.
The Hesperides, however, served Hera. She had sent a hundred-headed dragon to guard over the apples.
On his way to the garden Heracles happened to pass by the gorge where Prometheus was chained.
Having already killed many of the greatest beasts in the world, he didn't hesitate when he saw the great eagle that had come to eat the Titan's liver. He shot it down with arrows, fulfilling the prophecy Prometheus had made to Io about a great archer that would be descended from her line.
The Cyclops: Greek Mythology's One-Eyed Monster
Heracles was able to break the chains that held Prometheus to the stone, which wouldn't have been possible if Zeus had not allowed it. The king of the gods had finally freed Prometheus from his torture.
As thanks for his freedom, Prometheus helped Heracles complete his task.
Prometheus's brother Atlas, who held the earth on his shoulders as punishment for fighting against Zeus in the Titanomachy, was the father of the Hesperides. Prometheus told the hero where to find Atlas, who would be able to enter the garden unharmed.
Without guidance from Prometheus, Heracles would have been unable to defeat both the nymphs and the dragon and would never have become one of the gods.
The stories aren't clear on what happened to Prometheus after he was freed from his torture. The final play in Aeschylus's trilogy may have provided details, but only a few short fragments remain.
Prometheus Bound hints that the Titan eventually told Zeus that having a child with the sea goddess Thetis would cost him his throne. This was the information Hermes demanded at the end of the play.
Prometheus had told Io that only he could save Zeus. The two had been at a stalemate for thousands of years over the identity of the woman who could lead to Zeus's downfall
To prevent Prometheus's prophecy from being fulfilled, Zeus ordered Thetis to marry a mortal instead. Her son Achilles grew to be one of Greece's most famous heroes.
Zeus retained his power and Prometheus earned his freedom by helping the king.
The Legacy of Prometheus
Over the centuries, the legends concerning Prometheus grew and changed. He became an important figure in the mythology, creating and saving mankind over and over again.
Aeschylus helped to cement Prometheus's place in culture with his famous play. The Titan was given a voice and personality that resonated with people through the ages.
Prometheus became a figure that people wanted to identify with. He was a character that stood up for mankind even when it resulted in extreme punishment.
While the ancient Greeks may have taken the story of Prometheus's punishment as a warning against defying the gods, later thinkers admired the courage and resolve Prometheus displayed.
Prometheus became a symbol for righteous rebellion and freedom of thought.
When Percy Blythe Shelley imagined his own version of Prometheus Unbound in the 19th century, he wrote a character that refused to submit to the tyranny of Zeus. Prometheus remained defiant, illustrating the triumph of human intellect over blind obedience.
Credited for giving humans wisdom and the knowledge of tools to help them advance, Prometheus became a symbol for intellectualism and creative thought.
Works of rebellion against religious institutions or oppressive governments often alluded to Prometheus. Modern thinkers admired him for being willing to sacrifice himself in defense of intellectual freedom.
In art, Prometheus has been a popular figure since the Roman era. While artists in the past used the story of his creation of humanity as a parallel to the Biblical creation of Adam, modern artists have embraced Prometheus as a way to show modern ideals with a classical subject.
One well-known example of Prometheus in art is the Bronze sculpture of him in New York's Rockefeller Center. One of the city's most famous landmarks, it celebrates human innovation.
From a prophetic Titan to an allegory of the power of the human mind, Prometheus has endured over thousands of years. While not everyone knows the myths behind the name, in granting humans wisdom and risking himself to ensure their survival, Prometheus is as much of an important symbol now as he was in the ancient past.


32 AFLOAT.com.au July 2014        Pittwater Pittwater Pittwater            Norma n R.Wright & Sons "BOATS ARE OUR PASSION WE'VE BEEN BUILDING THEM FOR OVER 100 YEARS" Classic Boat Gathering Saturday July 12th - RQYS Canaipa To celebrate Norman R Wright and Sons 105th anniversary Bill and Ian Wright extend an invite to clients, past clients, owners, past owners, friends and lovers of classic boats to join them at RQYS Canaipa - Saturday 12th July 2014 from 11am. Bring your wooden sailing dinghies along for display and infor mal races. Beer and wine provided, please prov ide your own food. For More Information And To Register Your Attendance Please call (07) 3399 3911 or email - accounts@wrightsons.com .au Ships of science from both nations enjoyed immunity from sinking or seizure under 'passports of safe passage' which allowed British and French ships to seek assistance from either nation. As an example, this regime provided the basis for La Perouse to visit Sydney in 1788 where he landed his journals for forwarding to Paris. The French explorer was subsequently lost north of New Caledonia but his journals arrived safely in France. While it is not possible to entirely replicate the circumstances or the conduct of a voyage under safe passage, negotiations are underway to recapture the essence of that period and it is hoped that Endeavour will sail under a similar arrangement. To bring authenticity to the event, Endeavour will empty her guns as she enters the port of Noumea and scientific data will be landed with the French authorities for transmission back to Australia. Although the voyage is designed to bring focus to the efforts of British and French explorers in that part of the world, it is also an opportunity for the general public to participate in sailing this fine ship. Endeavour is manned by a professional crew of 16 and augmented by 36 trainees, officially referred to as voyage crew. Voyage crew pay for the experience, sleep in hammocks and help work the ship, keep watches, climb the rig, set and hand in sail. The ages of voyage crew range from early 20s to mid-60s and all contribute to the level they are able to. People are encouraged but are never required to go beyond their capabilities. If sailing as voyage crew sounds a little too adventurous, there are four places onboard for supernumeraries. Supernumeraries are essentially passengers and sleep in the small gentlemen's cabins once occupied by Cook's men of science such as Banks and Solander. They participate in the running of the ship only to the level they choose although most quickly grow to realise that the real rewards come from sailing the ship. Many opt to stand at least day watches. Whether voyage crew or supernumeraries, opportunities exist onboard to learn about square rig sailing and navigation. By the end of a voyage, everyone knows the difference between a course and a topgallant and almost everyone can determine their latitude from a noon sight and plot a fix derived from compass bearings. The voyage is also used to impart a greater understanding of James Cook and give people an appreciation for the history and traditions of the sea. By the time you finish a voyage in Endeavour, you might not be an 'old tar' but you'll never be quite the same. For more information on Endeavour 's next voyage including how to register your interest, visit www.endeavourvoyages.com.au. * John Dikkenberg is Master of HMB Endeavour. PhotoNickBrown HMB Endeavour departs Jervis Bay in about 40 knots of wind. Photo taken from James Craig. Both ships were headed to Sydney for the International Fleet Review.


Originally appeared at Kopp Verlag in German. Translated by David Norris. Edited by Kristina A.
Europe is a "bridgehead for America" to control the Eurasian landmass that runs eastward through Russia and China to the Pacific. A "moral identity crisis has weakened Europe's vitality". And this sentence: "The new problems facing Europe, whether this is immigration, or the economic-technological ability to compete with America or Asia ...can only be dealt with in an increasingly continental context."
These three sentences are not to be read in any of the leading mainstream newspapers in Germany, because in the propaganda language of our key media outlets these contentions are no more than "conspiracy theories". Yes, they equate to "right-wing populism".
However, they come from the grey eminence among US foreign policy strategists: Zbigniew Brzeziński. He was adviser to Lyndon B. Johnson in the 60s, later also to Jimmy Carter. And he is Barack Obama's most important geopolitical adviser.
What Brzeziński says, not only carries great weight, but all the most important ears in the US Congress and the White House listen to him. His analyses have found their way into the most important foreign policy screenplays in the USA ― again and again.
For this reason what Brzeziński wrote in his book The Grand Chessboard. American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperatives published in 1997 is even more astounding. The book is now available in German with the title "Die einzige Weltmacht – Amerikas Strategie der Vorherrschaft" and is published by Kopp Verlag.
NATO's eastward expansion, the proxy war in the Ukraine, the US incitement of the Europeans against Russia including sanctions, the present stream of immigrants to Germany and the attacks of the IS Islamists against European towns.
The growing influence of Washington over an increasingly centralised Europe, in order that Russia and China can be kept in check; strong influence over their German vassals, so that the unification process of the EU does not stall, because "the German view of a European order would take on more nationalistic tendencies"; Europe expanding eastward to build "a springboard for democracy", that is "of direct relevance to the security of America".
In this respect the USA looks upon the Europeans as an economically emaciated continent that acts with "indifference" and "spiritual emptiness", in contrast to agile America, that is working with every means possible worldwide in the "spread of democratic principles".
Brzeziński expressed the fear 18 years ago in a premonition, that this "culturally lethargic Europe" of "nationalistic extremists or dogmatic ideologues" could be exploited for these purposes. Had the Islamic State then existed Brzeziński would certainly not have left them out.
Those extremists named by him are now religiously motivated terrorists; the eastward expansion of the EU and NATO has since then encompassed Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia; and Ukraine, in line with the Brzeziński prognosis, has proved to be the key project to date in the US and NATO policy toward the East.
I know of no other book, which so openly and unsparingly reveals American motives, plans and assessments on how to handle Europe. Whoever still wonders, who or what is putting Angela Merkel under so much pressure with her outwardly completely chaotic, but in truth strict immigration policy, should read this extremely revealing book.
This also goes for the American primal fear of failure of these plans: to set up and deploy a united Europe as a more controllable block vis-à-vis the new geopolitical rivals Russia and China.
In the event of failure of these "efforts", Brzeziński, in the decade before last, already foresaw "the new version of some quite traditional chicanery". What he has in mind is that Germany and Russia would give free expression to their "geopolitical craving for recognition", as Brzeziński formulates it.
At the moment Russia is paying dearly for not allowing itself to be leashed. And Germany is paying even more dearly by throwing away a part of her wealth to feed the economically ailing southern periphery in the absence of political solutions and by trying to cope with the flow of refugees to Europe virtually alone, because most of her neighbours have erected fences or simply refuse to accept the agreed refugee quota ― or both.
The book is enthralling and written with an explicitness that one could not even dream of from the mouth of a leading German politician. It is prophetic, revealing, without scruple in its openness and is destined for the top row on domestic bookshelves on account of its topicality and foresight.
If anyone has ever doubted that the political caste in Berlin, up to and including the Greens, are on the US leash, they will receive here an unsparing and open confirmation of it from someone involved in the construction of the leash.


Auditions for Arc Stages winter/spring theatre workshop, teens and tweens!
Note: All should be prepared to come back on Sunday, January 27th for callbacks. Tweens 1-3:30pm, Teens 3-6pm.
About our process: When you sign up for an audition, you are signing up for the session! We do not make 'cuts.' Auditions are simply a way for us to get to know our actors each session, and for them to gain confidence and comfortability with auditioning. Instead of choosing a show in advance and shoehorning children into it, we choose our shows, and our schedule for the semester, based on the schedules and auditions/callbacks of the actors who sign up. Our emphasis is on the process of putting on a show, integrating theater games and acting exercises throughout the rehearsals.
Tween actors will experience a professional rehearsal process, coupled with theatre games and acting exercises designed to fit their learning levels. The tweens will dive deeper into their work as actors as they endeavor to gain confidence and knowledge about all aspects of theatre and performance.
A conservatory program, the Teen Intensive will consist of professional training from actors and directors with extensive experience in the business. Rehearsals will include technique in acting, musical theatre, singing, dance, and improv. This Intensive will culminate in a full-length play or musical theatre production.
**Classes for pre-k through 4th grade also available! Visit Arcstages.org for more information on all of our workshops, classes and programs.