text:
package org.eclipse.bpel.common.ui.palette;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.HashMap;

import org.eclipse.bpel.common.ui.CommonUIPlugin;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.CoreException;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IConfigurationElement;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.IExtensionPoint;
import org.eclipse.core.runtime.Platform;
import org.eclipse.gef.dnd.TemplateTransferDragSourceListener;
import org.eclipse.gef.palette.PaletteContainer;
import org.eclipse.gef.palette.PaletteRoot;
import org.eclipse.gef.palette.ToolEntry;
import org.eclipse.gef.ui.actions.ActionRegistry;
import org.eclipse.gef.ui.palette.PaletteViewer;
import org.eclipse.gef.ui.palette.PaletteViewerProvider;
import org.eclipse.gef.ui.parts.GraphicalEditorWithFlyoutPalette;
import org.eclipse.jface.action.IAction;
import org.eclipse.jface.viewers.ISelection;
import org.eclipse.ui.IWorkbenchPart;
import org.eclipse.ui.actions.ActionFactory;
import org.eclipse.ui.part.IPageSite;

/**
 * Graphical editor to be integrated with a GEFDetailsEditor.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("nls")
public abstract class GraphicalEditorWithPalette extends GraphicalEditorWithFlyoutPalette {

	static final String EXTPT_PALETTE_ADDITIONS = "paletteAdditions";
	static final String ELEMENT_ADDITIONS = "additions";
	static final String ATT_PROVIDER = "provider";
	static final String ATT_IMPORTANCE = "importance";
	static final String ATT_CLASS = "class";
	static final String ATT_DEFAULT = "default";

	static final String ATT_CATEGORY = "category";
	static final String ATT_CATEGORY_ID = "categoryId";
	static final String ATT_CATEGORY_ORDER = "categoryOrder";

	static final String ATT_TARGET_EDITOR = "targetEditor";

	private PaletteRoot paletteRoot;

	/**
	 *
	 */
	public GraphicalEditorWithPalette() {
		super();
	}

	/**
	 * @see org.eclipse.gef.ui.parts.GraphicalEditor#dispose()
	 */
	@Override
	public void dispose() {
		super.dispose();
		paletteRoot = null;
	}

	@Override
	protected CustomPalettePage createPalettePage() {
		return new CustomPalettePage(getPaletteViewerProvider()) {

			@Override
			public void init(IPageSite pageSite) {
				super.init(pageSite);

				IAction copy = getActionRegistry().getAction(ActionFactory.COPY.getId());
				pageSite.getActionBars().setGlobalActionHandler(
						ActionFactory.COPY.getId(), copy);

			}
		};
	}

	/**
	 * Get the action registry.
	 *
	 * @see org.eclipse.gef.ui.parts.GraphicalEditor#getActionRegistry()
	 */

	@Override
	protected ActionRegistry getActionRegistry() {
		return super.getActionRegistry();
	}

	@Override
	protected PaletteViewerProvider createPaletteViewerProvider() {

		return new PaletteViewerProvider(getEditDomain()) {
			@Override
			protected void configurePaletteViewer(PaletteViewer viewer) {
				super.configurePaletteViewer(viewer);
				// viewer.setCustomizer(new LogicPaletteCustomizer());
				viewer.addDragSourceListener(new TemplateTransferDragSourceListener(viewer));
			}
		};
	}

	/**
	 * The implementation in new versions of GraphicalEditor assumes that 'this' will be
	 * the top-level editor.  For us, the assumption is most likely wrong--a DetailsEditor
	 * is probably the top-level editor...
	 */

	@Override
	public void selectionChanged(IWorkbenchPart part, ISelection selection) {
		// Bugzilla 330526
		getSite().getShell().getDisplay().asyncExec(new Runnable() {
			public void run() {
				updateActions(getSelectionActions());
			}
		});
	}

	@Override
	protected PaletteRoot getPaletteRoot() {
		if (paletteRoot == null) {
			paletteRoot = new PaletteRoot();
			createPalette ();
		}

		return paletteRoot;
	}

	HashMap<String,IOrderedPaletteEntry> paletteContainers () {

		// Create extension items
		HashMap<String,IOrderedPaletteEntry> map = new HashMap<String,IOrderedPaletteEntry>();

		for(Object next : paletteRoot.getChildren()) {
			if (next instanceof IOrderedPaletteEntry) {
				IOrderedPaletteEntry entry = (IOrderedPaletteEntry)next;
				map.put(entry.getCategoryId(), entry);
			}
		}
		return map;
	}

	protected String getPaletteAdditionsContributorId() {
		return getEditorSite().getId();
	}

	protected void createPalette ( ) {

		// Get the id of this editor
		String id = getPaletteAdditionsContributorId();

		ArrayList<IConfigurationElement> listOfAdditions = new ArrayList<IConfigurationElement>();

		for( IConfigurationElement additions : getConfigurationElements(EXTPT_PALETTE_ADDITIONS) ) {

			if (additions.getName().equals(ELEMENT_ADDITIONS) == false ||
					id.equals ( additions.getAttribute(ATT_TARGET_EDITOR)) == false ) {
				continue;
			}
			listOfAdditions.add( additions );
		}

		// Sort the additions in order.
		Collections.sort(listOfAdditions, new Comparator<IConfigurationElement> () {
			int getInt ( String n ) {
				try {
					return Integer.parseInt(n);
				} catch (Throwable t) {
					return 10;
				}
			}
			public int compare(IConfigurationElement o1, IConfigurationElement o2) {
				return getInt ( o1.getAttribute(ATT_IMPORTANCE) ) -
				       getInt ( o2.getAttribute(ATT_IMPORTANCE) );
			}
		});

		HashMap<String,IOrderedPaletteEntry> containerMap = null;

		// Process the palette additions.
		for(IConfigurationElement additions : listOfAdditions ) {

			String provider = additions.getAttribute(ATT_PROVIDER);
			if (provider != null) {
				try {
					IPaletteProvider entry = (IPaletteProvider) additions.createExecutableExtension(ATT_PROVIDER);
					entry.contributeItems( paletteRoot );
					// Recompute the categories, added by this bulk-addition
					containerMap = null;
				} catch ( CoreException ce ) {
					CommonUIPlugin.getDefault().getLog().log(ce.getStatus());
				}
			}

			if (containerMap == null) {
				containerMap = paletteContainers();
			}

			// Now process individual additions.

			for (IConfigurationElement addition: additions.getChildren() ) {

				String def = addition.getAttribute(ATT_DEFAULT);
				String categoryName = addition.getAttribute(ATT_CATEGORY);
				String categoryId   = addition.getAttribute(ATT_CATEGORY_ID);

				int    categoryOrder = 100;

				try {
					categoryOrder = Math.abs( Integer.parseInt( addition.getAttribute(ATT_CATEGORY_ORDER) ) );
				} catch (Throwable t) {
					categoryOrder = 100;
				}

				if (categoryId == null) {
					categoryId = "bpel.user";
				}

				PaletteContainer container = null;
				PaletteCategory category = null;

				IOrderedPaletteEntry orderedContainer = containerMap.get(categoryId);

				if (orderedContainer == null) {

					container = category = new PaletteCategory(categoryName); //$NON-NLS-1$

					category.setOrder ( categoryOrder );
					category.setCategoryId ( categoryId );

					containerMap.put(categoryId, category);

					paletteRoot.add(container);

				} else if (orderedContainer instanceof PaletteCategory) {
					container = category = (PaletteCategory) orderedContainer;
				} else if (orderedContainer instanceof PaletteContainer) {
					container = (PaletteContainer) orderedContainer;
				}

				try {

					ToolEntry entry = (ToolEntry)addition.createExecutableExtension(ATT_CLASS);

					// The container may be null. This is most likely due to some error in configruation.
					if (container != null) {
						container.add(entry);
					}

					if (def != null && def.equals("true") && category != null) { //$NON-NLS-1$
						category.setDefaultTool(entry);
					}

				} catch (CoreException e) {
					CommonUIPlugin.getDefault().getLog().log(e.getStatus());
				}
			}
		}

		// Now sort the palette categories within the list

		Collections.sort(paletteRoot.getChildren(), new Comparator () {
			public int compare(Object o1, Object o2) {
				try {
					IOrderedPaletteEntry e1 = (IOrderedPaletteEntry) o1;
					IOrderedPaletteEntry e2 = (IOrderedPaletteEntry) o2;
					return e1.getOrder() - e2.getOrder();
				} catch (Throwable t) {
					return 0;
				}
			}
		});

	}

	private IConfigurationElement[] getConfigurationElements(String extensionPointId) {

		IExtensionPoint extensionPoint = Platform.getExtensionRegistry().getExtensionPoint(CommonUIPlugin.PLUGIN_ID, extensionPointId);
		if (extensionPoint == null) {
			return new IConfigurationElement[0];
		}
		return extensionPoint.getConfigurationElements();
	}
}


Old Georgetown Club is a private community club in Bethesda, Maryland that offers recreational and team swim, dive and tennis activities, and social events for its members.
OGC 2019 Pool Registration is now open for returning members.
NEW: OGC Pool is now managed by Pool Personnel, Inc.
The OGC Board and KOA Tennis are pleased to announce the addition of a full-day tennis/multi-sport camp, as well as a half-day camp option and one-hour morning tennis option, to members at OGC for the 2019 season. During the swim team season, the camps will be fully integrated with swim and dive team practices, as was the case this past summer with the half-day camp and one-hour morning tennis program.
Also available is Koa's Counselor in Training (CIT) program is for rising 7th, 8th, and 9th graders. Earn community service hours, train to be a senior counselor, and have some fun.
Registration: Go to the Tennis Tab for more details and Click on the appropriate link to register for any of the above Summer Programs for 2019. Be sure to register by January 31, 2019 to receive the promotional rates.
Swim Team - Practice begins Tuesday, May 28 and runs through July.
Dive Team - Practice begins Tuesday, May 28 and runs through July.
Tennis News - Pros To You Tennis will be running the OGC Tennis Program this summer. We are very excited to parter with them and Koa sports to bring you a more vibrant Tennis option for children and adults. They will be providing a half day camp option for the summer. Check out the "Tennis Instruction" tab for more information and a link to registration.
Currently we have a 2-3 year wait for membership.
If you wish to join the waitlist, please go to "Pool Registration" tab on left and you will find a link to sign up.


text:
Episode 002: Hand Knitting is Not Machine Knitting
Anne tackles her fear of moving past the preliminary swatch in the Master Hand Knitting program, shares her latest projects, and review The Book of Wool.
002: Hand Knitting is Not Machine Knitting
In this episode, Anne talks in greater detail about the preliminary swatch she talked about in the last episode. Specifically, she talks about how the imperfections nearly halted her progress for good, until some wise words silenced the negative voice in her head.
It may seem like a minor thing, but we often get caught up on the imperfections in the "minor things" and keep ourselves from doing bigger things as a result. We are not machines, and shouldn't hold ourselves to a standard of constant perfection. It's ok to make mistakes, as long as we learn along the way and we fix the things we can.
Anne moves on to discuss a series of items she finished in the last two weeks. Visit her Ravelry account for photos and information about the Loving Embrace shawl, cacti, Grosgrain Hat, and Girlfriends cowls.
Anne has been knitting for over 20 years and has never knit socks. She needs to start learning the ins and outs of the process before she moves on to level 2 of the Master Hand Knitter Program. If you have a favorite sock pattern you can recommend, send her an email at anne @ familypodcasts . com.
Anne gives a brief review of The Knitter's Book of Wool: The Ultimate Guide to Understanding, Using, and Loving this Most Fabulous Fiber, by Clara Parkes. It is a fascinating read about the structure of wool fibers and yarns, the benefits of blending certain fibers with wool, and general information on the cleaning and care of wool. Where this book really shines, though, is the breed-by-breed comparison of the types of wool available to knitters and spinners. The information is presented in a non-technical format that is approachable to anyone. Anne loved it so much that after borrowing a copy, she bought a copy for herself to keep on hand.
The first song featured was "Yippee!" by Loyalty Freak Music is available on the Free Music Archive.
The second song was "Fireworks" by Jahzarr is available on the Free Music Archive.
If you are a musician who would like a song featured on the program, or if you have comments or feedback, please contact the show at anne@familypodcasts.com.
You can follow Anne on Instagram or Ravelry as @ithoughtiknewhow.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
India's Environmental Security Challenge: Water, Coal, Natural Gas, and Climate Change Fuel Friction
November 23, 2012 By Michael Kugelman
The original version of this article appeared in NATO Review.
Few regions are more environmentally insecure than South Asia.
The region faces rising sea levels and regularly experiences coastal flooding – of particular concern in a region with heavily populated and arable-land-rich coastal areas. Additionally, it is highly vulnerable to glacial melt. The Western Himalayas, which provide water supplies to much of South Asia, have experienced some of the most rapid melt in the world.
Natural resource deficiencies are stark as well.
South Asia houses nearly a quarter of the world's population, yet contains less than five percent of its annual renewable water resources. Water availability has plummeted from over 21,000 cubic meters per capita in the 1960s to about 8,000 in 2005.
According to recent estimates, some of the region could face water scarcity (per capita water availability under 1,000 cubic meters) by 2025. In South Asia, water shortage imperils food security and health, but also livelihoods, because farming and fishing are dominant sectors.
Meanwhile, energy is similarly lacking in South Asia. The World Bank has ranked its electricity grid as one of the world's worst. Millions of South Asians do not have electricity – including 400 million in India alone.
Running Dry
India is a microcosm of the region's environmental insecurity. A recent Center for Global Development study projects that nearly 40 million people in India – more than in any other country – are at risk of dying from rising sea levels by 2050. Another estimates that because of rising temperatures, India's agricultural productivity could fall by 30 to 40 percent by 2080.
India boasts over 20 percent of the world's population – yet only four percent of its water. About 25 percent of Indians – 250 million people – lack access to clean water. So extensive is India's water consumption that users are raiding groundwater supplies with abandon. According to the World Bank, India is the world's most voracious consumer of groundwater. A U.S. study in 2009 found that groundwater levels fell by four centimeters per year between 2002 and 2008 in three northwestern states – including Punjab, the nation's chief breadbasket.
A similar story prevails with energy. India's economic growth has sent demand skyrocketing, and estimates peg India as the world's third-largest energy consumer by 2030. However, the nation, as dramatically demonstrated by the 2012 summer's monster power outages, struggles to meet demand.
A Coal-Fueled Insurgency
While climate vulnerability and resource constraints have received heightened attention in recent years, their ties to stability and national security often go unaddressed. In India, these links are particularly sharp.
These connections play out in both internal and external settings. Regarding the former, a chief example is the Maoist anti-government insurgency. This rebellion is low-grade yet widespread; it extends to more than two-thirds of India's states, and is often referred to by the New Delhi establishment as the country's gravest internal security threat.
The insurgency's bastions lie in India's eastern and central reaches – which happen to be the locations of the country's chief reserves of coal, India's most heavily consumed energy source. Given the country's energy imperatives, New Delhi has a strong incentive to crush these insurgents – which it has done with heavy-handed shows of force that trigger civilian casualties and spark further recruitment to the rebellion.
The basic drivers of the insurgency are tied to natural resource constraints. The fruits of heavy resource extraction – mainly coal – often fail to reach local communities, fueling grievances among poor villagers that the Maoists exploit to spark recruitment. Intensive coal mining in these areas also displaces locals and creates toxic living conditions for those who stay, further strengthening the insurgency.
China and Pakistan
The external manifestations of links between India's resource woes and security are discernible in ties with Pakistan.
With energy demand rising, India has increased its construction of hydropower projects on the Indus Basin's western rivers. These waters are allocated to Pakistan by the Indus Waters Treaty – though India is allowed to use them to develop dams and other hydropower projects that do not store any water. However, some Pakistanis take a different perspective, contending that India is "stealing" Pakistan's water. Such accusations become a security matter when they emanate from the likes of the Laskhar-e-Taiba (LeT), an anti-India militant group. The LeT has threatened to attack India in response to India's alleged water theft.
Another external example of India's resource security links is its relationship with China. Since India lacks energy supplies at home to fulfill its immense demand, it is taking its search for energy abroad. This can bring it into fierce competition with China, whose growing regional and global presence is driven, to a great extent, by its own search for natural resources.
Some security analysts have depicted the Bay of Bengal and its significant deposits of natural gas as a future source of Sino-India conflict. China has secured a major natural gas deal with Burma and may conclude one with Sri Lanka soon. These are deals India has sought unsuccessfully. The fact that China received them has stoked the perceptions of some Indians that China is "encircling" India.
Water, meanwhile, is a key factor in border tensions between India and China. These tensions center around one of the region's rare water-rich areas, particularly Arunachal Pradesh state. China, like India, suffers from water insecurity. The North China Plain, one of China's core breadbaskets, is acutely water-scarce, with per capita availability of only 225 cubic meters per year. The strategic significance of Arunachal Pradesh, therefore, goes beyond the issue of territory.
Finally, India is deeply alarmed by Chinese dam building on Tibetan Plateau rivers, including the Brahmaputra, which flow downstream into lower-riparian India.
Destabilizing Climate Change
The resource-stability nexus – and its implications for India's national security – grows more troubling when considering the long-term consequences of climate change.
Assigning causation between climate change and insecurity is difficult, but several speculative conclusions can be made. One is that climate change will intensify existing internal conflicts. Climate change could aggravate a range of problems: displacement, food insecurity, water losses, and economic distress.
These problems will manifest most acutely in India's least developed and poorest regions, and it is in these regions where most of India's internal conflicts are based. These include central and eastern India, where the Maoists are strong, and in northeast India, home to festering separatist insurgencies. Existing resource-driven conflicts, such as state-rooted water-sharing disagreements, will be exacerbated as well.
Climate change could also aggravate India's external security concerns. Existing water-related tensions with Pakistan and with China would likely worsen. However, perhaps the most serious threat would emerge from Bangladesh, a country with which India has bickered over the years due to transboundary water-sharing disagreements.
Bangladesh's extreme vulnerability to climate change will likely cause major flooding and agricultural losses in the coming decades. Millions of environmental refugees may stream across the border into northeastern India – a tense region with separatist tendencies, not to mention violence. In fact, arguably some of the existing violence in that region – including the state of Assam, which witnessed its most recent flare-up of strife this past summer – is driven by local resentment of Bangladeshis who have migrated in recent years.
The Way Forward: Manage What You Have
How can India ease the threat that its resource constraints pose to stability? To a certain extent, its hands are tied (climate change, after all, is essentially irreversible at this point). However, two actionable policies come to mind.
One is better integrating resource considerations into security policy and planning. India's navy, whose modernization is driven in part by the need to protect far-flung energy assets abroad, is on the right track.
The other measure is for India to improve its resource governance, and to develop demand-side, conservation-based policies that better manage resources that are precious, but not yet scarce. Examples include:
Better maintaining water infrastructure (40 percent of water in most Indian cities is lost to pipe leaks);
More equitable resource allocations; and
Stronger incentives for using resource-efficient technologies and policies.
These actions would not eliminate India's security concerns. But they would certainly make them more manageable.
Michael Kugelman is a senior program associate with the Wilson Center's Asia Program. This article first appeared in NATO Review.
Sources: BBC, Center for Global Development, CNA, IIASA: Options, Journal of Energy Security, NASA, Stimson, University of Wisconsin – Madison, UPI, World Bank.
Photo Credit: "Rourkela 274 – Coal workers at the brick factory," courtesy of flickr user Ben Beiske.
Topics: Asia, China, climate change, coal, conservation, development, economics, energy, environment, environmental security, featured, India, minerals, natural gas, natural resources, oceans, Pakistan, security, water


text:
10 Out-Of-This-Universe Ideas About Time Travel
Who Invented Television?
Early TV Technology: Mechanical Spinning Discs
TV Goes Electronic With Cathode Ray Tubes
Paris Commune of 1871
Why the War of 1812 Was a Turning Point for Native Americans
Utah Inventor Battles Giant Corporation
The Rise of a New Medium
10 Einstein's Theory Of General Relativity
9 Wormholes
8 Black Holes
7 Cosmic Strings
6 Time Machines
5 Traveling Faster Than the Speed Of Light
4 Tipler Cylinder
A beginner's guide to time travel
A party for time travelers
Time travel paradox
The way people watch television has changed dramatically since the medium first burst onto the scene in the 1940s and '50s and forever transformed American life. Decade after decade, TV technology has steadily advanced: Color arrived in the 1960s, followed by cable in the '70s, VCRs in the '80s and high-definition in the late '90s. In the 21st century, viewers are just as likely to watch shows on cell phones, laptops and tablets as on a TV set. Amazingly, however, all these technological changes were essentially just improvements on a basic system that has worked since the late 1930s—with roots reaching even further back than that.
No single inventor deserves credit for the television. The idea was floating around long before the technology existed to make it happen, and many scientists and engineers made contributions that built on each other to eventually produce what we know as TV today.
Television's origins can be traced to the 1830s and '40s, when Samuel F.B. Morse developed the telegraph, the system of sending messages (translated into beeping sounds) along wires. Another important step forward came in 1876 in the form of Alexander Graham Bell's telephone, which allowed the human voice to travel through wires over long distances.
Both Bell and Thomas Edison speculated about the possibility of telephone-like devices that could transmit images as well as sounds. But it was a German researcher who took the next important step toward developing the technology that made television possible. In 1884, Paul Nipkow came up with a system of sending images through wires via spinning discs. He called it the electric telescope, but it was essentially an early form of mechanical television.
In the early 1900s, both Russian physicist Boris Rosing and Scottish engineer Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton worked independently to improve on Nipkow's system by replacing the spinning discs with cathode ray tubes, a technology developed earlier by German physicist Karl Braun. Swinton's system, which placed cathode ray tubes inside the camera that sent a picture, as well as inside the receiver, was essentially the earliest all-electronic television system.
Russian-born engineer Vladimir Zworykin had worked as Rosing's assistant before both of them emigrated following the Russian Revolution. In 1923, Zworykin was employed at the Pittsburgh-based manufacturing company Westinghouse when he applied for his first television patent, for the "Iconoscope," which used cathode ray tubes to transmit images.
Meanwhile, Scottish engineer John Baird gave the world's first demonstration of true television before 50 scientists in central London in 1927. With his new invention, Baird formed the Baird Television Development Company, and in 1928 it achieved the first transatlantic television transmission between London and New York and the first transmission to a ship in mid-Atlantic. Baird is also credited with giving the first demonstration of both color and stereoscopic television.
In 1929, Zworykin demonstrated his all-electronic television system at a convention of radio engineers. In the audience was David Sarnoff, an executive at Radio Corporation of America (RCA), the nation's biggest communications company at the time. Born into a poor Jewish family in Minsk, Russia, Sarnoff had come to New York City as a child and began his career as a telegraph operator. He was actually on duty on the night of the Titanic disaster; although he likely didn't—as he later claimed—coordinate distress messages sent to nearby ships, he did help disseminate the names of the survivors.
April 30, 1939, New York City: This is the scene viewed on the television receivers in the metropolitan area, as the National Broadcasting Company inaugurated the first regular television service to the American public telecasting the ceremonies marking the opening of the New York World's Fair. Later, viewers heard and saw President Roosevelt proclaim the fair open.
Bettmann via Getty Images
Sarnoff was among the earliest to see that television, like radio, had enormous potential as a medium for entertainment as well as communication. Named president of RCA in 1930, he hired Zworykin to develop and improve television technology for the company. Meanwhile, an American inventor named Philo Farnsworth had been working on his own television system. Farnsworth, who grew up on a farm in Utah, reportedly came up with his big idea—a vacuum tube that could dissect images into lines, transmit those lines and turn them back into images—while still a teenager in chemistry class.
In 1927, at the age of 21, Farnsworth completed the prototype of the first working fully electronic TV system, based on this "image dissector." He soon found himself embroiled in a long legal battle with RCA, which claimed Zworykin's 1923 patent took priority over Farnsworth's inventions. The U.S. Patent Office ruled in favor of Farnsworth in 1934 (helped in part by an old high school teacher, who had kept a key drawing by the young inventor), and Sarnoff was eventually forced to pay Farnsworth $1 million in licensing fees. Though viewed by many historians as the true father of television, Farnsworth never earned much more from his invention, and was dogged by patent appeal lawsuits from RCA. He later moved on to other fields of research, including nuclear fission, and died in debt in 1971.
Read Post All About Travel Sponsorship
Sarnoff, with his company's marketing might, introduced the public to television in a big way at the World's Fair in New York City in 1939. Under the umbrella of RCA's broadcasting division, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), Sarnoff broadcast the fair's opening ceremonies, including a speech by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
WATCH: Full episodes of 'The Machines That Built America' online now.
By 1940, there were only a few hundred televisions in use in the United States. With radio still dominating the airwaves—more than 80 percent of American homes owned one at the time—TV use grew slowly over the course of the decade, and by the mid-1940s, the United States had 23 television stations (and counting). By 1949, a year after the debut of the hit variety show Texaco Star Theater, hosted by comedian Milton Berle, the nation boasted 1 million TV sets in use.
By the 1950s, television had truly entered the mainstream, with more than half of all American homes owning TV sets by 1955. As the number of consumers expanded, new stations were created and more programs broadcast, and by the end of that decade TV had replaced radio as the main source of home entertainment in the United States. During the 1960 presidential election, the young, handsome John F. Kennedy had a noticeable advantage over his less telegenic opponent, Richard M. Nixon in televised debates, and his victory that fall would bring home for many Americans the transformative impact of the medium.
Time travel captivates the imaginations of many. We see time travel in plenty of movies, such as the Terminator and Back to the Future franchises. There are even those among us who believe certain people to be time travelers.
As of today, we have no proof that there are, in fact, time travelers among us. All the time travelers we know are from the silver screen. What we do have today are theories about how time travel may be possible and how it would work.
The first theory on this list is Einstein's theory of general relativity. [1] This theory helped physicists theorize about how time travel could exist. The theory of general relativity discusses how objects in space create a distortion on the space-time continuum, which we know as gravity. Now, gravity does not lead to time travel, but it has created phenomena (both known to exist and theorized) that could lead to time travel.
Physicists have used this theory to come up with and explain wormholes and black holes. We will discuss both of these phenomena further in this list. Both of these "holes" are theorized to be ways that time travel could exist. Without Einstein's theory of general relativity, physicists would not have been able to connect wormholes and black holes to potential time travel.
The second theory that we will look at is one of a lot of hope but no real proof. Wormholes have not been proven to exist. No wormhole has ever been found in space, but scientists still think they may be there. Even though no wormholes have ever been identified, physicists believe they may exist by looking at Einstein's theory of relativity. [2] If wormholes do indeed exist, they may be the answer to traveling through time.
It is theorized that wormholes are shortcuts through space and time. This could mean if someone entered a wormhole, they could travel to another part of the universe or through time. Another issue with this theory is that if wormholes did exist, they would be so small that a person couldn't even fit into them, this would make it impossible, then, for a spacecraft to fly into one. Although there is no proof that wormholes exist, this theory is one of the leaders to why time travel may one day be possible.
Black Holes are areas in the universe with such strong gravity that not even light escapes. This could have been caused by a supernova or possibly the collision of stars. Physicists believe that anything that goes into a black hole would never escape. Their gravity is so strong that even time gets slowed down. [3] For time travel to work with a black hole, you would need to orbit around it and not get sucked into its event horizon.
Since the gravity of the black hole is so great, the time it would take a spaceship to orbit around it would be vastly different than time on Earth. Years would fly by back home. This means that you would be vastly younger than someone the same age as you when you came back to Earth. This, obviously, has never been attempted, but in the future, it may be a way for someone to time travel.
Cosmic strings are narrow tubes of energy that stretch across the universe. They are thought to be remnants of early cosmos and are theorized to contain a huge amount of mass. Thus, they could warp space-time around them. Scientists also believe that these strings are either found in loops or in straight, infinite lines. [4] If these strings are indeed in lines around the universe, there could be a possibility that they could create time travel.
Scientists believe that if two cosmic strings ran parallel to one another, and were close enough together, they could bend space-time. Since this would be such a huge bend, it could make time travel possible. This theory would work similarly to the black hole theory of time travel.
We have seen time machines used in countless movies, and as children, some of us even imagined that one day, we would get to go inside a time machine and travel anywhere in the past or the future. Even though time machines do not exist, at least yet, the theories about how a time machine could allow someone to travel through time are fascinating.
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Scientists believe that for a time machine to work, matter with negative energy density would be required. Such matter would do weird things like move in the opposite direction of regular matter when pushed. The issue is that if this matter did exist, there wouldn't be enough of it for a time machine. [5] There are more theories out there on how a time machine could work, but this one is the most prominent.
This theory comes from Superman himself, sort of. In Superman (1978), Superman turns back time by flying so fast that the Earth's rotation reverses. Of course, that's ridiculous, so some have floated the explanation that Superman actually went back in time by traveling faster than the speed of light. How would that work? The speed of light is the fastest anything can go, as far as we know. If something travels faster than the speed of light, the time for the object to reach its destination would come out to a negative number. Thus, theoretically, it would travel back in time. [6]
The huge flaw in this theory is that nothing can go faster than the speed of light. Also, scientists researching this concept have found that there would have to be a variety of factors being met for this to work. Just traveling faster than the speed of light would not meet all of the factors necessary to time travel.
This theory would be nearly impossible to attempt, but it makes for a very interesting idea about just how much mass we would need for time travel. For this theory, we would need to find a piece of matter that is ten times the mass of the Sun. It would then need to be rolled into a very dense, long, and thin cylinder. In our universe, we can find objects ten times the mass of the Sun, but it would be quite difficult to roll one into a long cylinder.
As if this first part wasn't hard enough, the cylinder would also need to be spinning at as many as a few billion revolutions per minute. If all of these factors were just right, a spaceship following a perfectly precise spiral route around the cylinder could enter a closed time-like curve. This would then allow the spaceship to travel through time. [7]
Learn exactly how Einstein's theory of relativity works, and discover how there's nothing in science that says time travel is impossible.
Actor Rod Taylor tests his time machine in a still from the film 'The Time Machine', directed by George Pal, 1960. (Image credit: Hulton Archive / Staff / Getty Images)
Everyone can travel in time (opens in new tab) . You do it whether you want to or not, at a steady rate of one second per second. You may think there's no similarity to traveling in one of the three spatial dimensions at, say, one foot per second. But according to Einstein (opens in new tab) 's theory of relativity (opens in new tab) , we live in a four-dimensional continuum — space-time — in which space and time are interchangeable.
Einstein found that the faster you move through space, the slower you move through time — you age more slowly, in other words. One of the key ideas in relativity is that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light (opens in new tab) — about 186,000 miles per second (300,000 kilometers per second), or one light-year per year). But you can get very close to it. If a spaceship were to fly at 99% of the speed of light, you'd see it travel a light-year of distance in just over a year of time.
That's obvious enough, but now comes the weird part. For astronauts onboard that spaceship, the journey would take a mere seven weeks. It's a consequence of relativity called time dilation, and in effect, it means the astronauts have jumped about 10 months into the future.
Traveling at high speed isn't the only way to produce time dilation. Einstein showed that gravitational fields produce a similar effect — even the relatively weak field here on the surface of Earth (opens in new tab) . We don't notice it, because we spend all our lives here, but more than 12,400 miles (20,000 kilometers) higher up gravity is measurably weaker— and time passes more quickly, by about 45 microseconds per day. That's more significant than you might think, because it's the altitude at which GPS satellites (opens in new tab) orbit Earth, and their clocks need to be precisely synchronized with ground-based ones for the system to work properly.
The satellites have to compensate for time dilation effects due both to their higher altitude and their faster speed. So whenever you use the GPS feature on your smartphone or your car's satnav, there's a tiny element of time travel involved. You and the satellites are traveling into the future at very slightly different rates.
But for more dramatic effects, we need to look at much stronger gravitational fields, such as those around black holes (opens in new tab) , which can distort space-time (opens in new tab) so much that it folds back on itself. The result is a so-called wormhole, a concept that's familiar from sci-fi movies, but actually originates in Einstein's theory of relativity. In effect, a wormhole (opens in new tab) is a shortcut from one point in space-time to another. You enter one black hole, and emerge from another one somewhere else. Unfortunately, it's not as practical a means of transport as Hollywood makes it look. That's because the black hole's gravity would tear you to pieces as you approached it, but it really is possible in theory. And because we're talking about space-time, not just space, the wormhole's exit could be at an earlier time than its entrance; that means you would end up in the past rather than the future.
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Trajectories in space-time that loop back into the past are given the technical name "closed timelike curves." If you search through serious academic journals, you'll find plenty of references to them — far more than you'll find to "time travel." But in effect, that's exactly what closed timelike curves are all about — time travel
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There's another way to produce a closed timelike curve that doesn't involve anything quite so exotic as a black hole or wormhole: You just need a simple rotating cylinder made of super-dense material. This so-called Tipler cylinder is the closest that real-world physics can get to an actual, genuine time machine. But it will likely never be built in the real world, so like a wormhole, it's more of an academic curiosity than a viable engineering design.
Yet as far-fetched as these things are in practical terms, there's no fundamental scientific reason — that we currently know of — that says they are impossible. That's a thought-provoking situation, because as the physicist Michio Kaku is fond of saying, "Everything not forbidden is compulsory" (borrowed from T.H. White's novel, "The Once And Future King"). He doesn't mean time travel has to happen everywhere all the time, but Kaku is suggesting that the universe is so vast it ought to happen somewhere at least occasionally. Maybe some super-advanced civilization in another galaxy knows how to build a working time machine, or perhaps closed timelike curves can even occur naturally under certain rare conditions.
An artist's impression of a pair of neutron stars – a Tipler cylinder requires at least ten. (Image credit: NASA)
This raises problems of a different kind — not in science or engineering, but in basic logic. If time travel is allowed by the laws of physics, then it's possible to envision a whole range of paradoxical scenarios (opens in new tab) . Some of these appear so illogical that it's difficult to imagine that they could ever occur. But if they can't, what's stopping them?
Thoughts like these prompted Stephen Hawking (opens in new tab) , who was always skeptical about the idea of time travel into the past, to come up with his "chronology protection conjecture" — the notion that some as-yet-unknown law of physics prevents closed timelike curves from happening. But that conjecture is only an educated guess, and until it is supported by hard evidence, we can come to only one conclusion: Time travel is possible.
Hawking was skeptical about the feasibility of time travel into the past, not because he had disproved it, but because he was bothered by the logical paradoxes it created. In his chronology protection conjecture, he surmised that physicists would eventually discover a flaw in the theory of closed timelike curves that made them impossible.
In 2009, he came up with an amusing way to test this conjecture. Hawking held a champagne party (shown in his Discovery Channel program), but he only advertised it after it had happened. His reasoning was that, if time machines eventually become practical, someone in the future might read about the party and travel back to attend it. But no one did — Hawking sat through the whole evening on his own. This doesn't prove time travel is impossible, but it does suggest that it never becomes a commonplace occurrence here on Earth.
One of the distinctive things about time is that it has a direction — from past to future. A cup of hot coffee left at room temperature always cools down; it never heats up. Your cellphone loses battery charge when you use it; it never gains charge. These are examples of entropy (opens in new tab) , essentially a measure of the amount of "useless" as opposed to "useful" energy. The entropy of a closed system always increases, and it's the key factor determining the arrow of time.
It turns out that entropy is the only thing that makes a distinction between past and future. In other branches of physics, like relativity or quantum theory, time doesn't have a preferred direction. No one knows where time's arrow comes from. It may be that it only applies to large, complex systems, in which case subatomic particles may not experience the arrow of time.
If it's possible to travel back into the past — even theoretically — it raises a number of brain-twisting paradoxes — such as the grandfather paradox — that even scientists and philosophers find extremely perplexing.
Killing Hitler
A time traveler might decide to go back and kill him in his infancy. If they succeeded, future history books wouldn't even mention Hitler — so what motivation would the time traveler have for going back in time and killing him?
Killing your grandfather
Instead of killing a young Hitler, you might, by accident, kill one of your own ancestors when they were very young. But then you would never be born, so you couldn't travel back in time to kill them, so you would be born after all, and so on …
A closed loop
Suppose the plans for a time machine suddenly appear from thin air on your desk. You spend a few days building it, then use it to send the plans back to your earlier self. But where did those plans originate? Nowhere — they are just looping round and round in time.
Source https://www.history.com/news/who-invented-television
Source https://listverse.com/2018/04/11/10-out-of-this-universe-ideas-about-time-travel/
Source https://www.livescience.com/time-travel-beginners-guide.html
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Neshobe Golf Club is one of the most popular courses in Vermont. It has been voted one of the top 100 golf courses in New England. There are beautiful Vermont views from every hole. Even though I don't golf I do respect the sport. These nice guys were kind enough to let me tag along for a round.


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GB Labs showcases storage solutions for today at virtual BroadcastAsia
Aldermaston, UK, 29 Sept - 1 Oct 2020 - GB Labs, innovators of powerful and intelligent storage solutions for the media and entertainment industries, is proud to be part of the inaugural BroadcastAsia (29 September – 1 October) immersive virtual convention. As well as a fully staffed booth, GB Labs is making two presentations on key products: CloakDR and the award-winning Unify Hub, which will be launched at the event.
Unify Hub was designed for today's changed world, a storage appliance which has support for remote production and distanced implementation baked in. Unify Hub is a powerful control layer, tuned to the challenging needs of broadcast, which manages storage – from GB Labs or other vendors – whether that storage is on premises or in the cloud; local or remote. So it can leverage existing storage as well as providing a sure foundation for future plans.
"The pandemic has forced changes on the way we work, bringing remote collaborative working to the fore," said Ben Pearce, CBO Asia and Co-Founder at GB Labs. "The temptation is to go back to the bad old days of material stored in multiple locations, with all the problems of delays in moving material from place to place, the risk of creating multiple 'master' versions, and of course poor security.
"As the name suggests, Unify Hub provides a simple, unified approach to content and metadata, so that wherever it is physically stored, it appears as a single, secure and coherent source, ideal for high-efficiency collaborative and remote working," Pearce explained." Unify Hub is a winner of the Best of Show Award 2020 during IBC 2020 from TVBEurope magazine.
The other featured product at BroadcastAsia is CloakDR, a revolutionary approach to 'no single point of failure' content security from GB Labs. The intelligence in GB Labs servers uses CloakDR software to build redundant storage systems which are always synchronised from the moment of ingest. This allows CloakDR to dynamically allocate one appliance as primary, one as secondary, and to provide instant failover whatever the incident.
The inherent intelligence maintains a single IP address for storage, so the rest of the infrastructure can continue unaware of any issues. The result is perfect resilience: content is read from and written to the servers without interruption.
"We are excited to be involved in this year's BroadcastAsia," added Pearce "The organisers of the parent event, ConnecTechAsia, have gone to extraordinary lengths to create a virtual experience that is as real as possible, with staff on booths ready to answer questions and presentations on key new technologies. The technology they have brought together to make this a satisfying and engaging experience for 'visitors' looks excellent, and we are looking forward to taking part."


Back I'm the fall I was contacted by a good friend of mine, she had referred me to her friend and neighbor for family photos. I sure love when that happens! So we set a date, made our plans (we were going to head to Little Talbot Island for a family shoot at the boneyard beach) and waited for the day. Unfortunately, the day before our shoot, one of their dogs passed away. Our plan was no longer a plan. We opted to wait for a better time. She would let me know when they felt ready to proceed with the shoot.
We have a new puppy! We are ready to proceed with our family photos! We changed our plans a touch, since the new puppy would do better on a private beach. Lucky for me her in laws had access to a private beach in Ponte Vedra, FL. We would be able to limit the distractions for the new puppy, which is always helpful! I met them out their for a sunset shoot and it was beautiful! Our beaches here in Florida are still ruined to a degree from the hurricanes last year, but we embraced the erosion. It is a part of living in FL after all.
Is puppy the same thing as baby fever? Because when I see a new puppy I always want one! Until I get home to my two large dogs I already have, that usually cures it. Just scroll down for the fur ball love bug this puppy was, and the big sister golden retriever who has clearly had experience in posing for family photos. Now, go check out some of my favorites from this family session in Ponte Vedra Beach, FL.
Do you have fur babies you want included in family photos?
Please contact me if you do! I'd love to do your family photos. Now, go check out some of my favorites from this family session in Ponte Vedra Beach, FL.
Shoot me a message to get your family photos with your fur babies on the calendar!


Don't forget about Kristen's ebook, Real Food Nutrition and Health! It's an excellent resource for homeschool families or anyone wanting to know the truth about nutrition and health! Disclosure: I am an affiliate and will earn a small commission from each sale if you click the link or ad.
Fried potatoes with broccoli-cheddar sauce. I had been planning to make the sauce and put it over baked potatoes like a normal person, but my husband doesn't like baked potatoes (or broccoli-cheddar sauce). He does, however, like fried potatoes, so I thought it would be simpler to make one type of potato that everybody likes. Plus it would have extra fat and it sounded GOOD. And believe me, it was GOOD! If you've ever had a frozen dinner that was roasted potatoes with broccoli and cheese, it tastes kind of like that, only lots better because it's fresh and has only real food in it.
Chop the potatoes into bite-sized pieces. Toss into a frying pan with some lard (about 1/4 c.), sea salt, and onion powder. Fry on medium heat until browning and crispy.
Meanwhile, steam the chopped broccoli.
Melt the butter in a medium saucepan. Mix the milk and arrowroot powder in a measuring cup and add to the butter. Stir and cook on medium for just a minute. Remove from heat and add the cheeses, finely shredded, and the salt. Cook and stir until cheeses are melted and mixture is slightly thickened.
Put potatoes on a plate. Mix steamed broccoli into the cheese sauce. Top potatoes with the broccoli-cheese sauce mixture. Serve. YUMMY!!! I think I will make this all the time. I had twice as much cheese sauce as I needed so I put half away in the freezer (I put about 1 head of broccoli in the cheese sauce actually, because Ben and Bekah like it without cheese. If you use both heads this should make just enough).
This cheese sauce is soooooooo good. I bet you could use it over macaroni for mac'n'cheese. I plan to experiment with adding pickled jalapenos to it for a nice nacho dip. Oh, the possibilities….
Update: Since I originally wrote this post (over the weekend), I've had some breakthroughs on my attempts to replicate the other recipe, so you may just be seeing it next week!! Stay tuned for that, and don't forget to subscribe if you haven't so you don't miss it!
What's your favorite use for cheese?
Yummy. This sounds so good. Must try.
I'm sure you have covered this somewhere else, but could you tell me why you use lard instead of oil?
Yum! I am definitely making this one. I think the whole family will enjoy it.
Liquid oils can't be heated very high because they can create free radicals (i.e. trans fats) and become dangerous too easily. Saturated fats like lard are much more stable and much better for frying. Coconut oil would be another good choice (we've used it many times), or beef tallow.
Just wanted to come back and say that I am making this for the fourth time today! We love it. It is also a great way to use up leftover baked potatoes. Just chop them up and fry in the lard or oil.
It is now a family favorite!
Thanks. Am now subscribing to your blog!


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Biulletin Nr. 55 (Autumn 2018) of the foundation John Paul II
Angelus, Regina Caeli
Pilgrim Home in Rome
Home of JPII in Lublin
Biulletin
The Quarterly "Ethos"
46th Washington's March for Life. This is the biggest event of this type in the world
"The atmosphere of this march is absolutely unique, indeed amazing. It is an unforgettable experience to be among so many young, joyful people, manifesting their commitment to defend life"- recalls Ewa H. Kowalewska. The President of Human Life International in Poland participated in the Washington's March for Life three times and – as she says – "every time it was a unique experience ".
In today's Human Life International newsletter in Poland, Ewa H. Kowalewska recalls the history of the March for Life, which this year was marching in Washington for the forty-sixth time. It takes place on the anniversary of the infamous decision of the US Supreme Court in the case of Roe contra Wade, which in 1973 practically legalized abortion on demand – throughout pregnancy until the birth of a child.
This year the March is held under the slogan "One of a kind from the first day: pro-life is pro-scientific". "With this slogan, the organizers want to show that every human being is unique, one of its kind from the very conception and to combine these facts with reliable knowledge, which always stands on the side of truth and life" – comments Ewa Kowalewska.
As always, the march went through Constitution Avenue to Capitol building and the building of the Supreme Court. There were many excellent guests, including Archbishop Joseph Neumann, chairman of the Pro-Life Committee of the US Bishops' Conference. The narrative was led by well-known journalist Ben Shapiro.
Many accompanying events are organized on this occasion. Most large organizations prepare their own meetings for their volunteers and employees, usually combined with a meal. In the evening of the previous day, a Holy Mass is celebrated in the Washington Cathedral, after which many young people remain on all-night vigil. "The culminating point, however, is the dinner called "Rose Dinner. "This year, US Vice President Mike Pence, who has been personally involved in the pro-life movement for years, will take part in it – informs the president of HLI Poland.
Human Life International, the oldest pro-life organization in the USA, founded by Benedictine Father Paul Marx in 1974, who has been participating in the March with a close group of his volunteers and employees. "The atmosphere of this march is absolutely unique, indeed amazing." It is an unforgettable experience to be among so many young, joyful people, manifesting their commitment to defend life "- recalls Ewa H. Kowalewska. The President of Human Life International in Poland participated three times in the Washington March for Life – as she says – "every time it was something unique".
"On January 18, we are spiritually connecting with the defenders of life in America! Pope Francis announced a plenary indulgence under ordinary conditions for all those who will join in prayer the participants of the March for Life in Washington for the purpose of defending life – let us join in" – encourages Ewa Kowalewska.The Washington's March for Life is the largest event of this kind in the world. Several hundred thousand people will take part in it, most of them are young people. "Participation in it makes a great impression, because it is an authentic, joyous affirmation of life" – says Ewa Kowalewska. The March for Life in Washington crowns achievements of similar pro-life actions that are taking place in more than eighty American's cities these days.
The President of HLI Poland points out that the battle to stop abortion in recent years is intensifying in America. "From the time of disclosure of the organs trade of children killed by Planned Parenthood, the organization which has the largest number of abortion facilities in the US, the fight to deprive federal funds intensified. It is a lot of money and there is a lot to fight for. More than 200 abortion facilities have been closed, but the killings of conceived children continue. The election of President Trump has strengthened the American pro-life movement, but every step to delegalize abortion causes a total row supported mainly by Democrats" – writes Kowalewska.
In the latest HLI Poland newsletter, it was also noticed that after the recent changes in the US Supreme Court, most of the judges are on the side of life protection.
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