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Supreme Court sides with GlaxoSmithKline in tax battle with Ottawa
Ross Marowits, The Canadian Press October 18, 2012
The Supreme Court of Canada has opened the door to allowing foreign multinational corporations to dodge their Canadian tax liabilities by siding with British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline in its 20-year tax battle with the federal government.
The high court endorsed an appeals court ruling about "transfer pricing," which allows multinationals to charge their subsidiaries high prices for ingredient costs in order to reduce Canadian profits.
The Department of National Revenue had challenged Glaxo Canada's use of a licence agreement that allowed it to pay Glaxo Swiss subsidiary Adechsa between $1,512 and $1,651 per kilogram for the purchase of ranitidine, the active ingredient in the anti-ulcer drug Zantac. Glaxo also paid parent company Glaxo Group a six per cent royalty on net sales of Zantac.
The price of ranitidine exceeded the $194 to $304 per kilogram charged to Canadian generic pharmaceutical companies Apotex Inc. and Novopharm Inc. by arm's-length suppliers.
The government successfully argued in Tax Court that applying the "reasonable" charges to Glaxo Canada would have increased the subsidiary's net income for 1990 to 1993 by $51 million.
But the Federal Court of Appeal in July 2010 overturned the Tax Court's decision and rejected the Department's argument that fair market value paid by generics was the relevant measure. It sent the calculation back to the Tax Court for a redetermination.
Writing for the Supreme Court, Justice Marshall Rothstein said in a ruling released Thursday that the Tax Court "erred in refusing to take account of the licence agreement."
"The generic comparators do not reflect the economy and business reality of Glaxo Canada and, at least without adjustment, do no indicate the price that would be reasonable in the circumstance, had Glaxo Canada and Adechsa been dealing at arm's length."
The court declined to say whether the price paid by Glaxo Canada was fair and referred it back to the Tax Court for a recalculation.
One of the relevant issues of the licence agreement not considered by the Tax Court was that Glaxo Group owned the intellectual property rights of Zantac, which commanded a premium over generics. Without the agreement, Glaxo wouldn't have had access to the Zantac trademark or the parent company's other products.
GlaxoSmithKline welcomed the court ruling even though the Tax Court could still establish prices that boost its reported Canadian income and taxes.
"We are pleased that the Supreme Court of Canada has agreed with the Federal Court of Appeal on the main appeal. As the case is still before the courts, we are not in a position to comment further," spokeswoman Anna Robinson said in an email.
Queen's University tax law expert Art Cockfield said the ruling is a win for Glaxo and could prompt others to adopt sophisticated cross-border tax structures to shift profits to low-tax jurisdictions.
"There's massive flows going back and forth and companies have an incentive to game the system by shifting profits always to the lowest tax country," he said in an interview from Kingston, Ont.
"It's negative for Canada because it supports aggressive international tax planning that sends revenues outside of the country."
Canada's lower corporate tax rate than the United States could, however, insulate it from such profit shifts between companies with operations on both sides of the border, Cockfield added.
Two-thirds of the $2 billion of daily trade between Canada and the United States is between related companies.
The Department of National Revenue didn't return calls seeking comment or estimates of how the Supreme Court's ruling could potentially impact tax revenues.
The Supreme Court's ruling applies to a section of the tax code that was changed in the late 1990s. Consequently, Cockfield said it's not clear whether other courts will use the ruling as a precedent for the principles that should apply in the new law.


The Postal district of Englewood actually covers several areas adjacent to Denver on the east, west and southeast. The area to the southeast is actually a much larger area than the city of Englewood itself. This has led to the idea that most of the Denver Tech Center and the accompanying commercial development along the I-25 corridor are part of Englewood, and they are not. The City of Englewood is several miles to the west of there.
Today's Englewood is the site of the 1858 discovery of gold by William Green Russell that set off the Colorado Gold Rush. He made his strike in the Little Dry Creek area. The first homesteaders in the area were Thomas and Mary Skerritt who arrived in 1860. Tom Skerritt is the person who plowed the first road south from Denver in 1864. The road was aptly named "Broadway." For settlers coming in in those days, the town was known as Orchard Place. The name was changed in 1903 when Englewood was incorporated. It seems one reason Englewood was incorporated was in order to gain some control over the disreputable establishments that had sprung up in the area just outside the city limits of Denver.
Swedish National Sanatorium was founded in 1905 with its first building constructed in 1907. In 2005, Swedish Medical Center celebrated 100 years in business.
In 1923, Alexander Industries began making advertising films in Englewood. Thy also branched into building the Eagle Rock bi-plane as a means of speeding up delivery of its films. The Eagle Rock was one of the most successful airplanes of that age.
Cinderella City, the largest mall of that time west of the Mississippi, was opened in Englewood in 1968. Cinderella City was razed 30 years later and CityCenter Englewood was built in its place. CityCenter Englewood was a mixed-use transit-oriented redevelopment that won several awards for its design and implementation. City Hall moved into the CityCenter Civic Center in 2000, about the same time the RTD opened a light rail transit line along South Santa Fe Drive with a stop at CityCenter.


Brand new unopened in sealed factory box. Includes drill tool, driver tool, grinder, 2 batteries, charger and carry bag. Let me know if you have any questions. The item "Makita XT324 18V LXT Lithium Ion Cordless 3 Pc. Combo Kit (3.0Ah)" is in sale since Monday, March 12, 2018.
This item is in the category "Home & Garden\Tools\Power Tools\Combination Sets". The seller is "daculatruck50" and is located in Marietta, Georgia.
This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Estonia, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Slovenia, Japan, China, Sweden, South Korea, Indonesia, Taiwan, South africa, Thailand, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Russian federation, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Switzerland, Norway, Saudi arabia, Ukraine, United arab emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Croatia, Malaysia, Chile, Colombia, Costa rica, Dominican republic, Panama, Trinidad and tobago, Guatemala, El salvador, Honduras, Jamaica.


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Posts Tagged 'Sundance'
INTERVIEW: 'Anthropocene' doc examines reengineering of planet Earth
By John Soltes | Hollywood Soapbox The human footprint on planet Earth has proved to be destructive and life-changing. In fact, increasingly it has become fatal, for both flora and fauna in the world, and the new documentary Anthropocene: The Human Epoch details the ravages upon the natural world by the most powerful species spread throughout the…
This Green Earth – February 5, 2019 Nicholas de Pencier
KPCW Radio During the second half of the show, Chris and Nell spoke with Nicholas de Pencier, one of the filmmakers of ANTHROPOCENE, which just screened as a feature documentary at the Sundance Film Festival. The film is described as a cinematic meditation on humanity's massive re-engineering of the planet. Amidst stunning imagery , the…
"Filming in 44 Locations in 22 Countries on Six Continents": DP Nicholas de Pencier on Anthropocene: The Human Epoch
Filmmaker Magazine DP Nicholas de Pencier has long collaborated with his wife, director Jennifer Baichwal, on her projects. One of their most acclaimed films, Manufactured Landscapes, was a profile of large-format landscape photographer (and fellow Canadian) Edward Burtynsky. Now, on Anthropocene: The Human Epoch, Burtynsky moves from subject to collaborator on a large project tackling nothing less…
"Anthropocene: The Human Epoch" Beautifully portrays the horrors of man's new era
By Pamela Powell | Reel Honest Reviews ⭐⭐⭐⭐ "Anthropocene: The Human Epoch" is the third film by Jennifer Baichwal and Edward Burtynsky to address the environment, preceded by "Manufactured Landscapes" (2006) and "Watermark" (2013). The film, narrated in layman's terms by Alicia Vikander, gives us a stunning visual education of our current world's state as we…
"I was Amazed That We Got Permission to Film in Russia": Directors Jennifer Baichwal, Nicholas de Pencier and Edward Burtynsky | Anthropocene – The Human Epoch
Filmmaker Magazine Whenever directors watch their own films, they always do so with the knowledge that there are moments that occurred during their production — whether that's in the financing and development or shooting or post — that required incredible ingenuity, skill, planning or just plain luck, but whose difficulty is invisible to most spectators.…
The Sundance Reel – January 25, 2019 Anthropocene; The Human Epoch
By Leslie Thatcher & Barb Bretz | KPCW On today's #TheSundanceReel, Directors Jennifer Baichwal, Ed Burtynsky, and Nicholas de Pencier talk about Anthropocene: The Human Epoch, in the Spotlight category. Listen here.
SUNDANCE FILM REVIEW: ANTHROPOCENE: THE HUMAN EPOCH
By Alexander Ortega | Slug Magazine ANTHROPOCENE: THE HUMAN EPOCH SUNDANCE FILM FESTIVAL Directors: Jennifer Baichwal, Nicholas de Pencier, Edward Burtynsky Imagine yurt-like structures made of elephant tusks. Then shift your vision to bright-green pools of lithium in a middle-of-nowhere desert, with pipes flowing the alien-looking liquid from one area to an adjacent one. Grimy machinery…
Sundance 2019 Women Directors: Meet Jennifer Baichwal – "Anthropocene: The Human Epoch"
By Sophia Stewart | Women and Hollywood Jennifer Baichwal has been directing and producing documentaries for over 20 years. Her award-winning films include "Let It Come Down: The Life of Paul Bowles," "Watermark," and "Act of God." Her film "Manufactured Landscapes" was named as one of 150 Essential Works In Canadian Cinema History by the Toronto…
Soaking up Sundance: Canadian creators are Utah-bound
By T'cha Dunlevy | Montreal Gazette The Sundance Film Festival, and its irreverent offshoot Slamdance, are coveted launch pads for any media project, as confirmed by the Canadian creators who will be travelling to Park City next week. Quebec auteurs are well served this year, with virtual-reality stars and Sundance regulars Felix & Paul premièring two…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


HOUSTON, April 11, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -- U.S. field production of natural gas in 2019 will grow, but at a slower pace than expected because of upstream cash-conservation measures. This dynamic comes as numerous power plants and LNG liquefaction plants seek to start up in the very near future. However, production should stay within the realm of growing demand growth, according to a new report with the latest natural gas prices and fundamental forecasts from Stratas Advisors.
In a first-quarter 2019 forecast, Stratas Advisors weighs the effects of U.S.-Canada pipeline regulations, enduring West Texas pipeline constraints, a subnormal North American winter-heating demand, expectations for lower U.S. field gas-production growth crimped by cash flow constraints, and petrochemical and LNG start-ups that should come online this year and next.
"As a result of Western market dynamics related to the British Colombia pipeline outage and a relatively weak Eastern market winter-demand season, we took our Alberta price forecasts up and our Ontario prices down in this quarter's short-term outlook forecast relative to our last (4Q18) forecast," said Greg Haas, Stratas Advisors' director of integrated energy. "The same demand-side dynamic across North American Eastern gas markets led us to lower our current U.S. short-term outlook forecasts of East-of-the-Rockies market prices, including New York, Algonquin, Marcellus, and Chicago."
Stratas Advisors sees Alberta prices averaging in the $1.80/MMBtu to $1.90/MMBtu range for 2019 and 2020, while Ontario prices should average $3.00/MMBtu or higher for 2019 and 2020 despite a dip in the first quarter of 2019.
Henry Hub, Katy, Houston and Southeast Texas expectations are down due to the influence of Appalachian prices on Gulf Coast operations. Stratas Advisors thinks prices will likely grow as LNG plants start up this year and draw gas volumes from the two supply regions.
Stratas Advisors' first-quarter 2019 forecast expects Henry Hub gas prices to settle in at 2.96/MMBtu and 3.05/MMBtu in 2019 and 2020, respectively. "With a gap of gas pipeline takeaway capacity from West Texas, where associated gas production is growing with burgeoning oil production, we cut our forecasts for Waha and Permian Basin gas price points. Only winter demand season consumption peaks in fourth quarters allow any Eastern or Central Texas gas quarterly prices to top the $3 level," Haas said.
Supply disruptions in the West are expected to affect 2019 Opal and West Coast price forecasts for Northern and Southern California. Stratas Advisors' 2019 Opal forecast is now at $3.31/MMBtu, but as the disruptions are resolved prices will fall back to $2.76/MMBtu in 2020.
Driven down by downwardly revised Henry Hub prices and expectations for abundant operating and pending LNG liquefaction facilities around the globe, Stratas Advisors has downwardly revised its current short-term forecast for LNG import prices in Germany, Japan and the U.K. Japan's LNG price averaged $10.13/MMBtu in 2018, but it is expected to fall to $7.90/MMBtu and $7.93/MMBtu in 2019 and 2020, respectively. German and U.K. LNG prices averaged about $8/MMBtu in 2018, but Stratas Advisors now sees those averages within the $6.38/MMbtu to $6.82/MMBtu range this year and next.
Haas offers additional comments in an accompanying video.
Every quarter, Stratas Advisors updates monthly price forecasts for nearly 600 energy commodities around the globe. The price forecasts for the natural gas commodity chain over the next 24 months can be accessed under subscription to the North American Natural Gas Service, which is managed Haas.
For questions or interview requests, contact Greg Haas at 713-260-5201 or by email.
The integrated offerings of Stratas Advisors span the full global energy value chain. Dozens of experts on staff in offices from Houston to Brussels to Mumbai and Singapore offer insights via consulting engagements and subscription services that cover the dynamics of multiple industry segments across the primary energy commodities. Clientele from upstream producers, midstream logistics providers, downstream processors, fuel marketers and transportation firms count on Stratas Advisors' services and expertise to make better business decisions that go beyond today's news to anticipating tomorrow's opportunities.


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Nicholas F. Derera, Natalia Nagy, Adriana Hoxha
Australian condiment paprika plant improvement research is 10 years old. The production and processing industry is in its infancy. The research is producing condiment paprika cultivars suitable for a highly mechanised crop husbandry system, with genes for early lignification of the stem, fruits for detachability of the calyx, high dry matter and pigment content. A potential hybrid seed production system is discussed.
Capsicum is one of the most versatile crops in cultivation. The fruit range from tiny very hot chillies and stocky pimentos through to long cayenne chillies and the giant 'Bell capsicums'. Both pungent and non-pungent variants are used as foods, spices, medicines and a source of pigments. In some countries capsicum is a national food used in many ways; raw, smoked, cooked, stuffed and as a salad and spice [1]. The condiment form is a highly valued spice and the extract of the spice, oleoresin, is used in the smallgoods and canning industries. More recently the cosmetic industry is making use of it as a source of natural pigment.
Several capsicum types are grown throughout Australia. Commercial production is on a market garden scale and is restricted to table capsicums for salads and cooking. Chillies and condiment paprika are mainly grown in domestic gardens by families of European and South American origin. Australia imports approximately $5 million worth of paprika products per year and these include milled paprika, flakes and dried unmilled paprika [2]. Recently some oleoresin was also imported for the food and cosmetic industries.
Although Australia has a 10 year-old research program in condiment paprika; commercial production is only just starting. The problem has been the relatively large amount of capital required to establish economically sound production. Without mechanised planting, harvesting and drying systems, the industry will not survive in Australia.
Hungary has produced very high quality condiment paprika (Capsicum annuum v. annuum Longum Group) unparalleled on the world market: its bouquet, taste and colour are supreme. Nevertheless, Hungarian paprika exports have declined significantly during the past years. This was partly due to heavy metal contamination caused by air pollution originating from the use of leaded petrol. Some unscrupulous companies were selling adulterated paprika that created bad publicity for the industry. The Hungarian authorities had to destroy approximately 25,000 tons of adulterated paprika and the paprika export industry declined significantly as a result. Exports to their traditional customers such as Czech Republic, Japan and Germany had nearly stopped ten years ago [2]. More recently, both local sales and exports of whole paprika and paprika products had to be stopped due to aflatoxin contamination. This was caused by dilution of the Hungarian product with paprika imported from South America [3, 4].
In 1994, the senior author received a private communication from a Hungarian wheat breeder colleague advising him of the problems that the Hungarian condiment paprika industry was facing. The senior author's response to his old colleague was that the problem, mainly referring to air pollution, could be easily solved by producing the famous Hungarian condiment paprika in Australia, in cooperation with the Hungarian researchers. Subsequently Dr. Norbert Somogyi1, at the time a research scientist with the Hungarian Vegetable Crop Research Institute Condiment Paprika Research Unit in Szeged, contacted the senior author for further discussions. He and his superiors liked the idea of producing the Hungarian condiment paprika in Australia. On 28th March 1996, a close collaboration was established between The Hungarian Vegetable Crop Research Institute, the Condiment Paprika Unit and the family company of the senior author, ASAS Pty Ltd. This authorised ASAS Pty Ltd to be the sole representative of the Paprika Unit in Australia and in the South Pacific region.
The Hungarians provided us with their most popular cultivars. These cultivars were included in a small-scale field trial at The University of Sydney, Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, NSW. This trial, our earlier experiments and the practical experience of many market gardeners demonstrated that Capsicum cultivars of Hungarian origin can be successfully produced on the Australian continent. However it became clear that condiment paprika could not be produced economically with the same crop husbandry methods as in Hungary and other condiment paprika producing countries where manual labour is comparatively inexpensive. The imported cultivars also expressed quite a degree of variability due to genotype-environment interactions. For these reasons, it was decided to initiate a research program to find the most suitable crop husbandry systems and develop cultivars that were suitable for highly mechanised production techniques. To achieve these objectives a request was lodged to the Australian Government Rural Industries Research & Development Corporation (RIRDC) for research funding to assist the project.
Subsequently, research co-operation was established with The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, ASAS Pty Ltd, The Hungarian Paprika Unit, Szeged, and the Rural Industries Research & Development Corporation.
I. The groundwork
ASAS Pty Limited was the applicant and later the grantee for the research project under the title "Condiment Paprika Breeding, Harvesting and Commercialisation". The aim of this project was to introduce and further develop genetic material of condiment paprika to produce cultivars with high initial pigment (>200 ASTA) and dry matter content (>18%) suitable for direct seeding and mechanical harvesting. Later aims were to develop a commercially viable integrated production, harvesting and processing system for identified markets.
Initial pilot tests strongly indicated that under Australian environmental conditions, Hungarian cultivars generate considerably higher pigment content in their fruits than in their country of origin. Whereas most of the Hungarian milled paprika on the world market is around 120-130 ASTA (American Spice Trade Association method 20.1) the same cultivars grown in Australia were producing on a semi commercial scale 180-250 ASTA in milled product. Table 1 shows some comparisons.
The first two samples were received by the senior author while visiting Hungary. The above figures clearly show large differences. The question may be asked why there are such big differences between the imported and the Australian grown milled product. The answer was simple in the case of samples collected from supermarkets in Australia. Importers were buying the cheapest available product.
The retail sample "5" may have been botanically derived from Capsicum, but was in fact a residue of milled product from which the oleoresin had been extracted! The quality of this imported product was inferior. Australians are not generally known to be paprika connoisseurs; only those immigrants familiar with better grades of milled paprika would know the difference and would wish to purchase a high quality product.
The differences between Hungarian and Australian grown paprika are not simple. We examined the crop husbandry methods used in both countries to ascertain whether Hungarian agronomic conditions may be more advantageous for paprika production. There is one obvious major difference between the environments of the two countries: namely the number of sunshine hours and sunshine intensity to which the crop is exposed during cultivation. Table 2 demonstrates the differences. Major paprika producing or potential producing regions are shown.
The mean temperature in Hungary at Szentes and Szeged during the May-September growing season is 18.9oC and 19.6oC, respectively [5]; in Australia at Narrabri and Wagga the corresponding means are 23.1oC and 21oC (Aust. Bureau of Meteorology).
One of the most important goals was to find genotypes that could provide a base to create cultivars suitable for a mechanised farming system. Most capsicum genotypes have an indeterminate growth habit, with the plants flowering and bearing fruit continuously. Therefore, several harvests are needed to obtain a full yield. It is essential to find genotypes that allow a large part of the potential yield to be harvested in one operation. An obvious option was to look for variants with a determinate growth habit. A number of Hungarian cultivars have a determinate or semi-determinate habit. It was found that the cultivar Kalocsai 801 produced an acceptable yield and a large proportion of the fruit can be removed at the first harvest operation. This trait was utilised in our breeding program. To be able to use a mechanical harvester efficiently the plants must stand erect with a strong main stem. Most paprika cultivars have a relatively weak stem, and with a heavy production, the plants lodge easily. It is very difficult to harvest a lodged crop mechanically. It was paramount to find genes that ensure strong upright plants and if possible an early lignification of the stem. While a number of wild Capsicum species have a strong lignified stem, we found Capsicum chacoense had an early lignification of the stem, and fruit that were detachable from the calyx at ripening. This latter trait would be a great advantage for mechanical harvesting.
Finally, the paprika pigment quality should be discussed. Besides the taste and bouquet, colour is very important in all paprika products. Capsicum species contain unique carotenoids, eg. keto-carotenoids, capsanthin, capsorubin and cryptocapsin. The major contributors to the red colour of paprika are capsanthin and capsorubin, whereas the yellow-orange colour is from beta-carotene and violaxanthin [6]. Pigment content is usually expressed on a scale specified by the American Spice Trade Association (ASTA method 20.1). Extractable pigment, which measures total pigment content, is measured using a spectrophotometer and designated in ASTA units with higher numbers indicating brighter colour. We are determining the extractable colour in paprika by measuring the absorbency of an acetone extract by a spectrophotometer capable of accurately measuring absorbency at 460nm. Our results obtained this way are acceptable for breeding and the correlation between the BRI Australia Ltd, an accredited laboratory, results and our tests gave a correlation coefficient of r = 0.85.
Milled paprika and its extract, oleoresin, are used as a natural colouring source in a wide variety of foods, cosmetics and drugs. Oleoresin is extracted from milled paprika using organic solvents, eg. hexane, supercritical CO2 and petroleum ether. When oleoresin is extracted from pungent capsicums or chillies it is called "Capsicum Oleoresin". Besides the food industry it is mainly used by security organisations for crowd control. When the oleoresin is extracted from non-pungent paprika it is labelled as "Paprika Oleoresin". The extracted "Paprika Oleoresin" has a concentrated flavour and aroma of the original milled product. It can be diluted according to the end use requirements. The great advantages of the oleoresin over the original milled product are [7]
It is free from pathogens and microbiological infections; it is a sterile extract
It is a clean product; it is free of physical contaminants
The concentrate can be easily distributed in media such as oil or water
The concentrate has a longer shelf life than the milled product and is free from deterioration caused by pests or moulds.
Because oleoresin has such a large advantage over the traditional milled product it was decided that for Australia we should concentrate on creating cultivars with high pigment content and the ability to produce high pigment yield per unit area.
Farmers want plants that establish quickly, with the highest possible yield, free of diseases and high ent. One of the options to achieve these aims is the utilisation of hybrid vigour using hybrid seed. Hybrid seed of paprika is extremely expensive because it is produced by manual labour. Private seed companies produce hybrid seed worldwide in locations mainly determined by the availability of cheap labour and good growing conditions.
II. Agronomic considerations
During the 1997/98 season, selected cultivars from Hungary and USA were tested at two field sites. One was at the Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty, 65 km southwest of Sydney; the other was at Merriwa, 325 km northwest of Sydney. The area at Cobbitty used for the trial was an alluvial clay soil with pH 7.2, while the site at Merriwa was light sand with pH 6.4. The aim of this pilot trial was to see how the introductions behaved under Australian environmental conditions. In all field trials, randomised complete block designs with four blocks were used [8].
Nearly all introductions showed variability due to genotype-environment interaction; this was particularly evident in the Hungarian cultivars. As we intended to base our paprika production on the high quality of the Hungarian paprika we decided to reselect the Hungarian cultivars that showed a high degree of variability. The Cobbitty trial was subjected to a simple weighted analysis to be able to find the types that best suited our aims. The results of this trial are shown in Table 3.
In this weighted evaluation, pungency was considered a negative value as our goal was to have non-pungent paprika production. The Hungarian introductions performed satisfactorily but were difficult to harvest mechanically because of their relatively weak stems, uneven ripening, and, in some cases, the difficulty in breaking the pedicel away from the stem.
At Merriwa, we also had a sowing depth trial to determine the optimum depth of sowing on lighter soil where direct seeding could be justified. A 15 mm sowing depth was significantly better than 45 mm, and neither was significantly different from the 30 mm depth (Table 4).
This result confirmed the Hungarian and the New Mexican recommendations on depth of sowing, and also emphasized the importance of soil types and moisture conditions. The extension workers of New Mexico strongly recommended
covering the row with a 7-10 cm 'cap' which is removed with a dragging harrow before the seedlings emerge (crook stage) [9]. This method reduces the drying out of the seedbed. Post sowing watering can cause problems and should be avoided.
Four sowing times were combined with the depth of sowing in 15-day intervals starting on 1st October 1997. The results again supported overseas advice showing that the second sowing, mid-October, was the optimum sowing time. Obviously, the soil temperature must have been above the optimum level of around 15°C. At the third sowing time the seed emergence was significantly lower than at the second, but still acceptable. Both the first and fourth sowings gave significantly lower yields than the second and third sowings. They were not different from each other (Table 5).
The most favourable sowing time at Merriwa was in the second half of October in 1997 with a sowing depth between 15 mm and 30 mm depending on soil type.
Our practical experience and the experimental data indicated that the Hungarian and New Mexican crop husbandry practices could be adopted in Australia. However, plant improvement had to be given wide-ranging attention.
III. Genetic improvement of paprika
In order to develop paprika cultivars suitable for Australian climatic conditions and utilising a highly mechanised production system, we had to consider among other factors, high germination energy, a strong upright stem, fruit setting well above the ground, synchronised flowering together with a semi-determinate growth habit, snap-off pedicel with detachable calyx, fruits with high dry matter (18% +), very high pigment content (ASTA 200+), high yield and disease resistance. The paprika cultivar development was based mainly on the classical pedigree method, and to save time and space, it was combined with single seed descent (SSD; Fig. 1) [10]. The SSD method is widely applied in cereal breeding programs [11,12] and the senior author successfully used it earlier in wheat and ornamental Capsicum improvement work. With this system, two or three generations could be advanced in one year. We are using negative and positive selections while using the SSD method as it is shown in Figure 2.
In overseas condiment paprika breeding programs, the mechanisation requirements were neglected; therefore we had to build completely new plant types. The foundation was available in reasonably high quality Hungarian cultivars; nevertheless, they were not suitable for a mechanised production system and their pigment contents could be further improved. The foundation material consisted of introduced cultivars and ecotypes from Hungary and Spain, cultivars and wild species from the USA and South America, and materials from the germ plasm collection of the defunct Queensland capsicum breeding program.
The collection was tested to find the appropriate traits to help build the new type of paprika. Most of the traits that we needed were represented in the collection, not in one given genotype but dispersed over several varieties and wild species. Therefore, we had to establish an ongoing crossing program to combine the appropriate genes into an acceptable breeding population. A number of interspecific crosses were required as well. Although most of the interspecific combinations were impossible to achieve according to the literature, we found a way to establish such combinations. Some of them needed several years to accomplish (e.g. detachability came from a wild species).
Some American cultivars displayed high yield potential and satisfactory pigment content. However, as they had variable levels of capsaicin content, low dry matter and inferior taste they were not suitable for the production of the Hungarian type of paprika. They were used as parents in the crossing program to improve the performance of the Hungarian paprikas. Special breeding lines were also created to increase the numbers of fruits produced per plant.
The interspecific combinations being used involved Capsicum chacoense, C. chinense, C. baccatum and various other C. annuum cultivars to achieve lignifications of the stem, and fruit detachability from the calyx (Fig. 3).
The program concentrated on backcrossing to maintain the Hungarian paprika's quality traits with an improved yield but with easy detachability of the fruit from the calyx. According to the literature easy detachability of the calyx is associated with excess softening of the fruit at maturity [13]. The program used intermating of interspecific hybrids to find recombinants that were easily detached from the calyx (Fig. 3) while the ripe fruit remained firm. The earlier indication that these two characteristics are determined by common genes is incorrect; they are closely linked [14] and with appropriate selection can be separated. Capsicum chacoense crosses, to achieve detachability, were successful, but the F1 plants were sterile males and to obtain seed from them, they had to be pollinated with a fertile male cultivar. The unrestrained detachment of the fruit from the calyx was found to be a simply inherited incompletely dominant characteristic as it was reported [15].
IV. The current selection program
Selection is conducted partly in the field and partly in the laboratory; in the field for phenotypic characteristics, and in the laboratory for dry matter and pigment content. Selection is repeated until the progenies show uniformity, usually in the seventh to tenth generations after the last cross. When some of the advanced lines are sufficiently uniform they are subjected to a rigorous program of at least three years of field testing, starting with three row plots and finishing with twelve row plots. When the performance of a line is acceptable, it is submitted for variety protection (PBR). This is followed by large-scale regional field tests on commercial properties and industrial tests before commercial release.
V. Outcomes:
During 2004 we submitted three selections for plant variety protection (PBR), namely "Sunired", "Earlysuni" and "Cerise Sweet". The first two cultivars are reselections from introduced cultivars, which showed variability where first grown in Australia. "Cerise Sweet" originated from old Hungarian breeding material of the senior author; "Sunired" produced 89% of its total yield in the first harvest, and is therefore a good candidate for mechanical harvesting; "Earlisuni" is fast maturing with good dry matter and pigment content; "Cerise Sweet" (Fig. 4) is a constantly high dry matter and pigment (over 280 ASTA) producer. In our experiments, "Cerise Sweet" gave the highest pigment production per unit area. Due to the selection process all three cultivars have the 'snap off' gene that allows an easy separation of the pedicel from the stem.
Fifty of our advanced lines are entering in our first year Variety and Strain trials. Their mean ASTA value is 310, all have the 'snap off" gene and 41 lines have the "detachability" trait, which allows the calyx to be removed from the fruit and simultaneously have the early lignification of the stem.
F6-F7 lines have an average 274 ASTA while the F5 selections mean ASTA is 266. Our segregating populations progress with limited selection by way of SSD to F5 (Fig. 2). We predict that in the near future, we will have cultivars on the market that have high pigment and dry matter content together with suitability for highly mechanised production systems.
VI. Capsicum Hybrid Seed
Research underway is attempting to produce condiment paprika hybrid seed in an economically acceptable price bracket. Currently hybrid paprika seed is sold by seed number, not by weight. As a consequence one kilogram of paprika hybrid seed can cost up to US$25,000 [16, 17, 18].
Capsicum is a facultative open-pollinated crop in Australia due to the activity of native bees, but is a facultative self-pollinated crop in Europe. Honeybees are not attracted to Capsicum because the nectar content in the flowers is low [19]. As a consequence, in Europe, 300 metres [20] is the compulsory separation distance for two cultivars of seed production; in contrast in Australia we may need 2-3 km or even greater distances due to the activity of the native bees.
It is important to reduce the cost of hybrid seed. We thus seek to use a designed system of sterile male paprika lines where the identification of sterile male plants is easy, and can be determined in the seedling stage. The selected sterile male plants can be propagated by micro-propagation or as cuttings. These male sterile plants would be planted in the field together with the pollen source and pollination would take place by native bees.
The improvement programs are based mainly on exploiting natural sources of germplasm by means of selection and hybridisation. Heterosis breeding has received considerable attention in crop production. The heterosis effect in capsicum manifests itself in higher early (yield at first harvest) and total yields, improved chemical composition, as well as other morphological features of the fruits [21, 22, 23, 24]. There is also significant heterosis for seed production in Capsicum hybrids made by using male sterile systems [25, 26].
In male sterile Capsicum plants versus fertile ones (Figure 5), the anthers are absent or shrunken, and contain either no pollen or only a small amount of viable pollen.
As in may other species; there are two different types of male sterility in Capsicum, genetic and cytoplasmic. Genetic male sterility is conferred by nuclear genes inhibiting the normal development of anthers and pollen, usually single recessive (ms) factors. Cytoplasmic male sterility is determined by mutant genes in cytoplasmic organelles, and is transferred only through the egg. The action of cytoplasmic genes for male sterility may be modified by the action of fertility restoring genes [27] in the nucleus: it is the interactive system that is exploited in hybrid production in many crops.
A wide range of methods have produced male sterility in Capsicum. The most widely used treatment for induction of male sterility is ionising radiation, such as gamma- or X-rays. There have been several investigations [28, 29, 30, 31, 32] to determine the optimal conditions for mutagenesis by chemical agents. Chemically induced male sterility mutants were incomplete in many cases, climate dependent, and invariably accompanied by unfavourable effects on the development of plants, and also caused high ovular sterility. Gametocides can induce a temporary male sterility in several crops, including Capsicum [33, 34]. The use of a gametocide requires uniform plants in the same developmental stage. Weather events can influence the timing of application and the effect of gametocides at the optimal treatment stage. There is also the added problem of gaining a licence for the use of gametocides.
Interspecific hybrids between species of Capsicum can be made with varying degrees of success [1]. The hybrids can be sterile in paprika due to chromosomal or plasmon-genome incompatibility [35]. There are several known male sterile lines used in research programs. These differ from each other in agronomic characters, growing time, combining ability, plant growth habit and fruit type. They carry various male sterility genes [36].
To generate male sterility in condiment paprika we collected known male sterile Capsicum lines from around the world. This collection consisted of cytoplasmic and genetic sterile male lines (Table 6). We backcrossed these lines into condiment paprika and during the selection program we established sterile male lines of paprika.
Gamma irradiation of seeds was also used to generate male sterility in the Longum group type of Capsicums. Seeds were soaked in distilled water for 0, 48 and 96 hours prior to irradiation at 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15 Krads. Seeds, soaked for 0, 48 and 96 hours, not exposed to radiation were used as controls. Controls did not produce male sterile plants. The overall frequency of male sterility among the irradiated materials was 0.3% (Table 7). The percentage of sterile male plants increased with increasing radiation dose. Induction of male sterility was more successful with increasing soaking periods. The mutants were incorporated into our breeding program.
Plant material was grown in flying insect proof isolation tunnel houses. Certain phenotypic/physiological characteristics, e.g. shrunken anthers of male sterile flowers, plant height and flowering time were found to be markers for male sterility though male sterility can only be detected at the flowering phase. Our aim is to select sterile male plants at the seedling stage, so that only sterile male plants would be planted into the field along with the pollen source. The production field would show a uniform pattern (number of male sterile rows alternating with a certain number of rows of pollen source) ensuring the efficient usage of available land and other resources.
In order to identify a genotype with a unique trait that cannot be observed at a particular growth stage, 'markers' can be used. These can be phenotypic or molecular. Since no phenotypic markers for male sterility were apparent at seedling stage we decided to use the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism® (AFLP) method to find molecular markers linked to the ms3 male sterility gene, which is widely used in our and other research/breeding programs. We have one candidate primer combination [37], which potentially allows us to select for male sterility at the seedling stage (Fig. 6). The validation of this possible marker is underway.
Sterile male plants can be propagated with the help of micro-propagation [38, 39] or as cuttings [40]. Different explant types can be used to propagate sterile male lines in vitro. Several media have been tested, and that with the highest multiplication rate will be used for propagation. Cutting-derived young plants are produced in the greenhouse (Table 8) and then tested under field conditions to compare to seed derived seedlings.
It is planned that male sterile plants will be planted with a pollen source, with pollination taking place by insects, mainly native bees (genera Trigona, Austroplebeia, Xylocopa, and Amegilla) [41]. These sting-less native bees are found across Australia and are known to be good crop pollinators even for Solanaceae, where 'buzz' pollination is required [42].
During field trials a cost benefit study will be carried out to determine the economics of hybrid paprika seed production in Australia using this system. This will enable us to determine the most efficient method of large-scale hybrid paprika seed production within a reasonable price bracket.
VII. Conclusion
We believe that by applying this system we should be able to produce paprika hybrid seed in an economically acceptable price bracket. If so, the "product" would be marketable worldwide because of the increasing demand for paprika as a spice and natural colouring agent. This could open up a new avenue for the Australian industry as an exporter of paprika products and hybrid seed of our improved cultivars that are both fit for highly mechanised production and have a high pigment and dry matter content.
The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Australian Government Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC) for financial support and encouragement during the past seven years. N. Nagy is grateful for a scholarship sponsored by RIRDC. Thanks are due to The University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute for providing facilities, to Professors R.A. McIntosh and P.J. Sharp for their constructive comments during the preparation of this manuscript. Previous technical assistance of Fran Ebb and Sue Fiffer must be acknowledged. The cooperation of the Hunter Valley Herb Farm at the initiation of this project is gratefully acknowledged.
[1] Bosland, P.W., Votava, E.J. (2000) Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums. CABI publishing, pp 204
[2] Derera N.F. (2000) Condiment Paprika Breeding, Harvesting and Commercialisation. RIRDC publication, No 00/155, pp 44
[3] Magyar Nemzet (2004) Paprika bomba robbant [Paprika bomb exploded] News report at 29 October 2004
[4] Magyar Nemzet (2004) Gazdasag, Miniszter tudott az importrol [Minister knew about the import] News report at 30 October 2004
[5] Derera, N.F. (1951) A honositasi kutato munka elmelete, hazai eredmenyei. Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia 1951. evi Nagygyules eloadasi [The theory and research of acclimatization work in Hungary, Hungarian Academia Science Proc.], pp 325-336
[6] Reves, M.J. (1987) Re-evaluation of Capsicum color data, J. Food Sci. 52, pp 1047-1049
[7] http://www.kancorflavours.com
[8] Balaam, L.N. (1972) The Randomized Complete Block Design Fundamentals of Biometry. The Science of Biology Series No. 3, George Allen & Unwin Ltd.
[9] Bosland, P.W., Bailey, A.L., Cotter, D.J. (1994) Growing chilies in New Mexico. NMSU, Cooperative Extension Service Guide H-230
[10] Om, Y.H., Choi, K.S., Lee, C.H. (1984) Comparison of three breeding methods in pepper, J. Korean Soc. Hort. Sci. 25, pp 251-255
[11] Knott, D.R., Kumar, J. (1975) Comparison of early generation yield testing and a single seed descent procedure in wheat breeding, Crop Sci. 15, pp 295-299
[12] Tee, T.S., Qualset, C.O. (1975) Bulk populations in wheat breeding: comparison of single-seed descent and random bulk methods, Euphytica 24, pp 393-405
[13] Smith, P.G. (1951) deciduous ripe fruit character in peppers, Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 57, pp 343-344
[14] Kormos, J., Kormos, J. (1957) Soft green pepper. Novenytermeles [Crop production] 6, pp 33-44
[15] Spascoevic, V. (1976) Easily separation of the pepper fruit its calyx and importance of this characteristic for mechanization of harvesting and for improvement of biological value of the fruit. Poljopriveda 23, pp 27-31
[16] Berke, T.G. (1999) Hybrid seed production in Capsicum, J. New Seed, 1:3/4, pp 49-67
[17] Derera N.F. (2000) Recent Developments in Condiment Paprika Breeding, Agrifood 2000 Research Proceedings, pp7-12
[18] Pek, M. (1999) Estimation of Red Pepper hybrid combinations, In: Kertgazdasag [Horticultural] 31(3), pp 102
[19] Derera N.F. (2000) Condiment paprika – a potential new crop, Agricultural Science 1, pp 24-27
[20] Hungarian Seed Act MSZ 7145/1999; CXXXI 1996/3/19
[21] Mamedov, M.I., Pyshnaja, O.N. (2001) Heterosis and correlation studies for earliness, fruit yield and some economic characteristics in sweet pepper, Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter 20, pp 42-52
[22] Nayaki, D.A., Natarajan, S. (2000) Studies on heterosis for growth, flowering, fruit characters and yield in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), South Indian Horticulture, 48:1/6, pp 53-55
[23] Daskalov H., Russinova I., Popova D. (1967) New hybrids and constant varieties of pepper, Hortic Vitic Sci Sofia 4, pp 63-71
[24] Pearson, O.H. (1983) Heterosis in vegetable crops. In: Frankel R. (ed) Heterosis: reappraisal of theory and practice. Monographs Theoretical Applied Genetics vol.6 Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg New York, pp 171-175.
[25] Meshram, L.D., Ghongade, R.A. (1995) Performance of male sterile based hybrids in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), Agricultural Science Digest, 15:1/2, pp 31-34
[26] Prakash, N.S., Lakshimi, N., Harini, I. (1987) Male sterility and manipulation of yield in capsicum, Capsicum Newsletter 6, pp 35
[27] Peterson, P. (1958) Cytoplasmically inherited male sterility in Capsicum, Am. Nat. 92, pp 111-119
[28] Daskalov S. (1968) A Male Sterile Pepper (C. annuum L.) Mutant. TAG 38, pp 370-372
[29] Joshi, M.M., Khalatkar, A.S. (1981) Experimental mutagenesis in Capsicum annuum: I.Effect of different doses of gamma radiations on capsule and seed production, Acta Hort. 111, pp 55-61
[30] Bhargava, Y.R., Umalkar, G.V. (1989) Productive mutations induced in Capsicum annuum by physical and chemical mutagens. Acta Hort. 253, pp 233-238
[31] Bansal, H.C. (1972) Induced mutation affecting flower development in Capsicum annuum L, Current Sci., 42, pp 139-140
[32] Alcantara, T.P., Bosland, P.W., Smith, D.W. (1996) Ethyl Methanesulfonate-Induced Seed Mutagenesis of Capsicum annuum, Heredity 87, pp 239-241
[33] Walkof, C. (1959) A selective gametocide for tomato. Tomato Genetics Cooperative 9
[34] Daskalov, S. (1998) Capsicum. In: Hybrid Cultivar Development, S.S. Banga and S.K. Banga (Eds) Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, India, pp 498-511
[35] Shifriss, C. (1997) Male sterility in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), Euphytica 93, pp 83-88
[36] Daskalov, S., Poulos J.M. (1994) Updated Capsicum Gene List, Capsicum and Eggplant Newsletter 13, pp 15-26
[37] Nagy, N., Derera, N.F., Sharp, P.J. (2004) Capsicum: Cost Effective Hybrid Seed Production. Proc. 22th Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Capsicum and Eggplant, pp 89
[38] Gunay, A.L., Rao, P.S. (1978) In vitro plant regeneration from hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of red pepper, Plant Science 11, pp 365-372
[39] Phillips, G.C., Hubstenberger, J.F. (1985) Organogenesis in pepper tissue cultures, Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 4, pp 261-269
[40] Sultanbawa, F., Phatak, S.C. (1991) Propagation of Sterile Ornamental Pepper by Cuttings and in vitro Shoot-tip Culture, HortScience 26, pp 1078
[41] http://www.zeta.org.au/~anbrc/beesinyourarea.html
[42] Raw, A. (2000) Foraging behaviour of wild bees at hot pepper flowers (Capsicum annuum) and its possible influence on cross pollination, Ann. Bot. 85, pp 487-492


Think of the backdrops and architecture of Dune mixed with Star Wars episode 2, throw in some elements of the Terminator and you almost have this movie except you don't really care about the characters.
Also for a movie with a lot of action, this movie contains a whole bunch of people blabbing about who they are supposed to be and how they relate to one another. Even with all that uninteresting dialogue there's still characters in the film who you question why they are there, what purpose do they have, how are they even moving the story along. Yep, the movie pulls a Lindelof on the audience.


text:
Q: Ember component send action to route I have two component and one sitting on another. I need to send an event to main route from child component( both components use in same route)

Please let me know is there any standard way to do that.

A: Starting with Ember 3.14, Octane, we can solve this problem in a modern, explicit, concise and clear way -- which we'll get to after this brief intermission:

I need to send an event to main route from child component

While this is possible, it's strongly recommended against, as Routes should not have actions and should be stateless. That said, we can solve the problem of action passing through deep components in a couple of ways:

*

*"Data Down, Actions Up"

*Use a Service

For the first, Data Down, Actions Up, you may pass arguments down as many component layers as you desire
// app/controllers/application.js:
@action
dance(){
  console.log('┏(-_-)┓┏(-_-)┛┗(-_- )┓')
}

// app/templates/application.hbs
<Foo @dance={{this.dance}} />

// app/components/foo.hbs
<Bar @dance={{@dance}} />

// app/components/bar.hbs
<button {{on 'click' @dance}}>Dance!</button>

This could be a slipperly slope. While only having two components to data down, and to action back up (after a click in this case), it may not seem like too much effort, but many UIs could be 10+ components deep, and would lend themselves to an anti-pattern known as Prop-Drilling.
To mitigate prop-drilling, we have another approach in our toolbox to reach for. Services!
// app/services/my-service.js
@action
dance(){
  console.log('┏(-_-)┓┏(-_-)┛┗(-_- )┓')
}

// app/components/bar.js
import Component from '@glimmer/component';
import { inject as service } from '@ember/service';

export default class Bar extends Component {
  @service myService;
}

// app/components/bar.hbs
<button {{on 'click' this.myService.dance}}>Dance!</button>

The deeply nested component can access the action directly, rather than needing to be passed through a few layers -- this leads to much more maintainable and clear code.
Resources

*

*Classic to Octane Cheat Sheet

*Octane Edition Documentation Page

A: For short answer you can you can use ember-route-action-helper addon.
<button {{action (route-action 'onButtonClick')}}>ClickToCallRouteAction</button>

There are three way of actions communication,
1. Old style classic functions style ie., passing function name as string from top to bottom. and in all the places we need to define same function and provide. Use sendAction to bubble. and send method bubble from controller to route hierarchy.
This is not encouraged.
Sample classic style actions twiddle
2. Closure actions
Use action helper pass function instead of just string. so that you don't need to define it everywhere.
sample twiddle for closure actions style
3. route-action-helper addon
You can directly call route action from anywhere literally by just wrapping functions using route-action helper.
Sample twiddle
Comparision between Classic style and Closure style and Why Closure is preferrable ?

*

*In classic style, You need to define actions at each level and use sendAction to trigger the action at each level until you got all the way out of your nesting.

*You can return value in closure actions but not in classic actions.

*You can curry values in closure actions but not in classic actions.

*Closure actions fail immediately if the action is not found. but classic actions by design,would lazily raise errors only upon invocation
values.

*Coding complexity like who will handle actions and do business logic?.

*In closure, you can combine action and mut helper to set a property with value. onclick=(action (mut title) value="titlevalue")

*In closure, you can specify target object to invoke function. (action 'save' target=session) would look at the actions hash on the session object instead of the current context.

Some of the promising article regarding this,
- miguelcamba article ember-closure-actions-in-depth
- emberigniter article send-closure-actions-up-data-owner
- emberjs blog 1.13 release article
- dockyard - ember-best-practice-stop-bubbling-and-use-closure-actions
- blog from Ember map Why action helper?
- blog from Alisdair McDiarmid ember-closure-actions-have-return-values
- blog from alexdiliberto ember-closure-actions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_green_dao"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    tools:context="com.qihoo.apitest.greendao.GreenDaoActivity">

</RelativeLayout>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
import demistomock as demisto  # noqa: F401
from CommonServerPython import *  # noqa: F401

def main():
    drilldown_results = []
    incident = demisto.incident()
    if not incident:
        raise ValueError("Error - demisto.incident() expected to return current incident "
                         "from context but returned None")

    labels = incident.get('labels', [])
    for label in labels:
        if label.get('type') == 'successful_drilldown_enrichment':
            is_successful = label.get('value')
            if is_successful == 'false':
                return CommandResults(readable_output='Drilldown enrichment failed.')
        if label.get('type') == 'Drilldown':
            try:
                drilldown_results = json.loads(label.get('value', []))
            except Exception as e:
                raise ValueError(f'Drilldown is not in a valid JSON structure:\n{e}')

    if not drilldown_results:
        return CommandResults(readable_output='Drilldown was not configured for notable.')

    if isinstance(drilldown_results, list):
        events_arr = []
        for event in drilldown_results:
            events_arr.append(event)
        markdown = tableToMarkdown("", events_arr, headers=events_arr[0].keys())
    else:
        markdown = tableToMarkdown("", drilldown_results)

    return {'ContentsFormat': formats['markdown'], 'Type': entryTypes['note'], 'Contents': markdown}

if __name__ in ('__main__', '__builtin__', 'builtins'):
    try:
        return_results(main())
    except Exception as e:
        return_error(f'Got an error while parsing Splunk events: {e}', error=e)


The Chi Phi Educational Trust is governed by a twelve man volunteer Board of Trustees. Trustees are responsible for many services for the Trust and the Fraternity. First and foremost, the Trustees are charged with ensuring the fiduciary soundness of the Trust. Trustees must make certain that funds are only being used to support educational programs and qualified purposes in concert with the Trust's mission. The second major responsibility of a Trustee is to oversee the financial investments made by the Trust. Members of the Board must make sure that the Trust corpus grows over time and that all activities are within legal limits of the Trust Indenture. The third major responsibility of all Trustees is fundraising. In order to continue the storied legacy of Chi Phi, the Trust must raise the capital necessary to support the mission.
The Board of Advisors supports the Educational Trust's Board and provides critical advice on a number of current issues facing the Trust. This is of particular demand today because of Chi Phi's growth rate, the resulting demands of a rapidly growing membership organization and the changing Greek world. The Board of Advisors help Chi Phi stay at the forefront of Greek life, creating an authentic, values-based experience at America's leading institutions of higher education. Advisors have no formal authority over, or responsibility for, the Trust; this keeps their involvement simple and liability-free, yet engages their talents and experience in critical leadership issues.
A good fraternity experience empowers good men to become better men through college life.
A strong fraternity chapter plays an important role in a college community.
• Have a desire to positively impact young men.
• Have achieved significant success in their career.
• Have a desire to be involved and engaged, but have very limited time to give.
The Governors are elected by Chi Phi Congressional delegates and are responsible for appointing and removing Chi Phi Trustees.
The Scholarship Review Committee is comprised of Chi Phi Alumni and Friends. This group of dedicated volunteers reviews over 100 scholarship applications for the Chi Phi Educational Trust Undergraduate, Graduate, Neel, Soderquist, Ramsaur, Vic Pryles Memorial and Morris Family Scholarships each year.
The MacLean Legacy Society recognizes those generous Alumni and friends who have made Chi Phi the beneficiary of a planned or estate gift. These loyal supporters are helping Chi Phi build better men, Chapters and better communities, now and for generations to come. These individuals belong to the most exclusive of Chi Phi affiliations as they have projected their love for Chi Phi and its mission beyond the horizon of their own mortality. Click here to learn more about this council.
Members of the Gladfelter Circle Advisory Council promote giving at the Gladfelter Circle levels and serve in an advisory capacity to the Trust. To learn more about the council, click here.
To learn more about the council, click here.
Members of the Chi Phi Fund Advisory Council promote annual giving to support the Chi Phi Fund. These gifts are used to fund Chi Phi educational programs, scholarships and other areas were the need is greatest.


Remember to submit a clean photo of your H3551 jalousie Operator 4-14 Link Alum window part to make sure that it's the replacement window part that you call for! Our company is a leader in determining your replacement window parts and we ship hardware nationally by way of USPS.
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On the 31 January 2019, South Thames College played host to the annual Wandsworth Construction Jobs Fair, in partnership with London Borough of Wandsworth Council's Work Match division. The recruitment event attracted over 100 experienced workers in the field of construction and young people looking to enter the industry.
St George's Hospital in London and South Thames College are delighted to be working in partnership with the launch of a brand new Apprenticeship, the first of its kind in the country.
On Thursday 10 January, the first 18 Mammography Associate Practitioner Apprentices attended an official launch of the new Apprenticeship which is being delivered at St George's Hospital, one of the UK's largest teaching hospitals.
The course began development in 2017 when Public Health England identified a workforce shortage and colleagues from the Manchester Academy, National Training Centres, Health Education England, the Society of Radiographers and managers from NHS Trusts set up a mammography trailblazer group to find a way to meet the staffing needs of breast screening centres across England.


State your fashion sense with this wristwatch, which has a round dial with a cute print on it. The stylish time markers make time reading easy. Besides, the stainless steel bracelet gives it a smart look that will complement your casual wear.
Help yourself rise to the next level of fashion with this analogue watch from Fastrack Bold collection.


Legendre, R. et Pieron, H. (1912) De la propriété hypnotoxique des humeurs développées au cours d'une veille prolongée C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris), 72: 210-212.
Over the past decade, a remarkable explosion of new findings has allowed us to construct a much more complete picture of the genetic mechanisms, cellular neurophysiology and subcortical networks that underlie the neurobiology of sleep. This explosion has been made possible by technological advances in molecular biology and biotechnology (such as gene cloning and DNA sequencing), as well as in cellular neurophysiology (such as sophisticated combinations of microdialysis, unit recording, axonal tracers and immunohistochemistry). We now know that an interlocking positive - negative feedback mechanism that controls gene transcription in individual cells of the SCN of the hypothalamus is the molecular basis of circadian rhythmicity in mammals. This endogenous periodicity can be entrained to the ambient photoperiod by photons that impinge on the circadian photopigment,melanopsin, in RGCs, which convey this information to the SCN monosynaptically through the RHT. Circadian rhythmicity emerges from SCN cells by action potentials that impinge on adjacent nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus, including the PVH, SPZ and DMH; in turn, these nuclei convey circadian rhythmicity to structures that control rhythmic physiological processes, such as sleep, temperature and endocrine output. Feedback to the SCN circadian oscillator can occur through melatonin from the pineal gland, which reliably secretes this sleep-related hormone in response to polysynaptically conveyed signals from the SCN. A key hypothalamic structure that receives circadian output from the SCN through the SPZ and the DMH is the VLPO, which promotes NREM sleep. The VLPO might initiate sleep onset through reciprocal inhibition of cholinergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic arousal systems in the brainstem, as well as histaminergic systems of the posterior hypothalamus and cholinergic systems of the basal forebrain, all of which are modulated by the orexinergic arousal system of the lateral hypothalamus. These arousal systems conspire to promote the activated brain states of waking,whereas the cholinergic system acts alone to promote the activated state of REM sleep.


When these dates arrive, that I think about this hypocritical world where we are living every day. Well, I think every day on how bad is the world divided between rich and poor. But on Christmas dates that hypocrisy grows bigger.
What most disturb me are weird situations which instead of solving a problem they increases discomfort. For example when rich people take at their mansions homeless people for not having to pass Christmas alone in the street, or when society tell us about take care of elderly, even having a chair prepared on our table for them.
Anyway, it puts me ill, knowing that (I don't want imagine) one day I could be on the wrong side too.
Merry Christmas, dear readers, and happy New Year 2012!


High intensity separators are used for cleaning of material from impurities as well as for concentration and accumulation processes for minerals. They are best used to separate fine particles which have poor magnetic properties. The utilization of extremely powerful permanentmagnetic material guarantees superior separation results.
First, for industry structure analysis, the High Intensity Magnetic Separator industry is relatively unconcentrated. These manufacturers ranging from large multinational corporations to small privately owned companies compete in this industry. The top 3 players are Mineral Technologies, SLon Magnetic Separator Ltd and Metso, which accounts for 13.6% revenue of the global market.
Second, the sales of High Intensity Magnetic Separator increased from 4145 Units in 2013 to 5297 Units in 2017 with an average growth rate of more than 6.32%.
Third, Europe occupied 21.24% of the consumption valume market in 2017. It is followed by North America which have around 16.84% of the global total industry. Geographically, Asia-Pacific was the largest consumption market, which took about 32.36% of the global consumption volume in 2017.
Fourth, for price trend analysis, a key variable in the performance of High Intensity Magnetic Separator producers is raw material costs, specifically the speed at which any increase can be passed through to customers.
Fifth, for forecast, the global High Intensity Magnetic Separator revenue would keep increasing with CAGR of 4.44%. We tend to believe that this industry still has a bright future, considering the current demand of High Intensity Magnetic Separator.
The worldwide market for High Intensity Magnetic Separator is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 4.5% over the next five years, will reach 280 million US$ in 2024, from 210 million US$ in 2019, according to a new GIR (Global Info Research) study.
This report focuses on the High Intensity Magnetic Separator in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.
Chapter 1, to describe High Intensity Magnetic Separator product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of High Intensity Magnetic Separator, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of High Intensity Magnetic Separator in 2017 and 2018.
Chapter 3, the High Intensity Magnetic Separator competitive situation, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the High Intensity Magnetic Separator breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales, revenue and growth by regions, from 2014 to 2019.
Chapter 12, High Intensity Magnetic Separator market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2019 to 2024.
Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe High Intensity Magnetic Separator sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.
High Intensity Magnetic Separator Market Research Report is High Intensity Magnetic Separator Market Report. Get High Intensity Magnetic Separator market research reports for Market Research, Analysis, Trends & Statistics. Latest Industry findings, analysis and Market Report on High Intensity Magnetic Separator . High Intensity Magnetic Separator Market Report is a syndicated market report to understand, Market Demand, Growth, trends analysis and Factor Influencing market in upcoming years.


Start by dividing game into desired number of diagrams.
Open file and use command File->Print & export wizard. This prepares SGF file for printing or exporting.
After this do File->Print and select "All diagrams in game".
Alternatively you can export using File->Export and select "All Diagrams in Game".
Game is divided into several diagram be adding "diagram start"s into file. Diagram start can be inserted using Insert->New Diagram. Gametree in bottom-right shows diagram marks in the place where diagram was added.
In order to preview diagram division select view mode "print view" (from View menu).
Now you can print whole game, File->Print and select "All Diagrams in Game". Then select correct printer (Set Up Printer) and push Print button.


text:
Marieke van den Ham (Wierden, 21 de janeiro de 1983) é uma jogadora de polo aquático holandesa, campeã olímpica.

Carreira
Marieke van den Ham fez parte do elenco medalha de ouro de Pequim 2008.

Jogadores de polo aquático olímpicos dos Países Baixos
Jogadores de polo aquático nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2008
Medalhistas nos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2008
Campeões olímpicos dos Países Baixos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Unedited Podcasts
The SpiritBros
Episode 23: Kimiko Fujimoto
08/03/2019	Peter Lavoie	Entrepreneurship, Health, Spirituality, The SpiritBros Podcast, Yoga	2:04:06	0 Comments
Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Spotify | RSS
Creative Ritualist
"If you're a spiritual entrepreneur, every part of your business is your spiritual work. And the minute it's not, that's when it gets sticky and hard."
"The biggest thing that I learned is that you have to be willing to fail."
"It's not comfortable to be complacent; it's actually even worse than fighting for what you really believe. When I wasn't fighting, that's when I was in my funk. Rallying for the cause is where I get off."
The 'Moto Is Breathe
Kimiko Fujimoto is an entrepreneur, Yoga instructor, Yoga Teacher Training Instructor, and the founder of Temple Mile-End. On March 28th, she will leading a special, Kundalini and musically inspired event titled "Ceremony of Yoga."
Creator of Value
Years ago, when I was searching to transform my Yoga Teacher Training into a job, Kimiko gave me my first interview. I had never met her personally, but knew of her as she was the cornerstone of popular Montreal yoga hub, Studio Breathe.
I didn't get the job. But Kimiko gave me advice then that not only helped me eventually find one, but that I still follow to this day.
It's a signature Kimiko move: exceeding what is expected from a moment, a class, an encounter, and revealing hidden value.
Entrepreneur For Life
Kimiko moved on from Studio Breathe in 2017 and has since founded Temple Mile-End. This new space speaks to many of Kimiko's personal passions: finding and revealing the sacred and personal aspects of practice, developing meaningful rituals, and uniting the intangible with the functional.
A California Girl With A French-Canadian Twist
In our sit-down together, she guided us through her journey from Cali girl to Montreal Yogini. She also shared stories of entrepreneurship, of meeting her biological father for the first time in her 20s, and of random encounters on spiritual pilgrimages.
We talked yoga, about discerning when it's time for more dedication versus when it's time to say fuck the practice, about the finances of being a yoga professional, and on what kind of preparation goes into leading an event for 200+ people.
Kimiko Fujimoto on The SpiritBros Podcast!
Kimiko on Facebook. Instagram.
Temple Mile-End
Ceremony of Yoga
TIME MARKERS
[3:22] Kimiko on flute players playing over energy vortexes.
[9:17] On the source of her entrepreneurial drive and early experiences in the film industry.
[11:17] On how the search for her biological father was one of the key factors that brought her to Montreal.
[17:37] On identifying with spiritual traditions other than those she had grown up with.
[22:37] On joining the leadership team of Studio Breathe in 2006 and how the business has evolved over the years. On selling the studio to Modo in 2017. On developing community and being one of the first yoga spaces in Montreal to embrace cross-training.
[31:57] "I know that that's part of something that I love to do: holding space, holding rituals, bringing people together in this magical experience, and then offering them my practice, which comes from so much dedication. But also, realistic dedication, in a sense that it's OK to say 'fuck yoga.'"
[33:27] On walking the fine line of running a business and having a dedicated, personal practice of yoga.
[34:57] "If you're a spiritual entrepreneur every part of your business is your spiritual work. And the minute it's not, that's when it gets sticky and hard."
[41:27] On the vision behind 'Ceremony of Yoga.'
[42:37] On how she began planning her new space, 'Temple Mile-End,' in 2013.
[43:07] "And Temple was called 'Temple' because I wanted to reclaim sacred space."
[48:47] Discussing money and spirituality.
[1:01:37] On making time for yourself and the power of rituals.
[1:05:17] What is Kundalini Yoga?
[1:09:07] On how Kundalini is especially relevant today.
[1:11:37] On how to get through hard times: "The biggest thing that I learned is that you have to be willing to fail."
[1:15:57] Kimiko on facing doubts, specifically through the entrepreneurial lens.
[1:19:11] On her definition of success.
[1:21:02] "It's not comfortable to be complacent, it's actually even worse than fighting for what you really believe. When I wasn't fighting, that's when I was in my funk. Rallying for the cause is where I get off."
[1:21:19] What does Kimiko's practice look like today?
[1:24:27] On pilgrimages.
[1:28:27] What's the recipe for a great ritual?
[1:35:10] Kimiko on the advice she would give herself as a young entrepreneur.
[1:43:57] On professional collaborations.
[1:51:17] En-Lightning Round
Ceremony Of Yoga entrepreneur Kundalini Organik spirituality Temple Mile-End Woman Entrepreneur yoga Yoga Studio
on Apple Podcastson Androidon Google Podcastson Spotifyvia RSS
Episode 36: Richard Rosen
Episode 35: Lennie Moreno
Episode 34: Natalie Riviere
Episode 33: Jules Mitchell
Episode 32: Scott Simons
Breath 1
Entrepreneurship 26
Self-Starter 7
The SpiritBros Podcast 5
Unedited 13
Venture Funding 1
Women's Health 1
About the SpiritBros
The SpiritBros are a duo composed of Scott Simons and Peter Lavoie. Their mission? To meet and learn from pathfinders in the fields of entrepreneurship, health, and spirituality, and to share their discoveries with the world.
Episode 36: Richard Rosen 27/06/2019
Episode 35: Lennie Moreno 14/06/2019
Episode 34: Natalie Riviere 24/05/2019
Episode 33: Jules Mitchell 10/05/2019
Self-Starter
The SpiritBros Podcast
Unedited
Copyright 2018. The SpiritBros Podcast


It has long been assumed (known) that different areas of Webpages weigh differently in regards to ranking algorithms. We have known that a hyperlink, for example, in the footer area probably won't be as influential as the same link in the body of text. That Google is making Webmasters aware of the relevance of placement of text or other content on a Page is well worth noting.
The trend for Websites, including WordPress Websites, has been to include images, videos or sliders above the fold (i.e. before viewers need to scroll down the Page). Images or video are a great way to grab visitors attention rather than the person being confronted with masses of text. The announcement by Matt Cutts will mean that many Website designers will rethink having images or video above the fold.
When Edmunds, a leading car review destination, re-engineered its insideline.com site to reduce load times from nine seconds to 1.4 seconds, ad revenue increased three percent, and page views-per-session went up 17 percent. When Shopzilla dropped latency from seven seconds to two, revenue went up seven-12 percent and page views jumped 25 percent. (By the way, they reduced their hardware costs by 50 percent.) When you speed up service, people become more engaged – and when people become more engaged, they click and buy more.
Google make hundreds of changes to their ranking algorithm each year. We don't know how much weight the positioning of text on a Page will hold. I do think that we'll start to see more text above the fold and will start to see images and video move below the fold.
HTML5 and CSS3 allow for many possibilities that could only be achieved with images in the past so it will certainly be beneficial for WordPress Theme designers to use HTML5/CSS3 instead of images wherever possible (HTML and CSS can be easily understood by Search bots and are quick to load in comparison with image).
There are some great HTML5 and CSS3 based Themes being released and these sort of changes by Google will create an even greater sense of urgency in using the newer and faster scripts.


text:
IT'S AWARDS SEASON ALREADY?
Michael Keaton Is Getting "Spooked" By Birdman's Oscar Buzz
Courtesy of Patrick McMullan.
Michael Keaton's new film, Birdman—the magnificently meta creative feat by Alejandro González Iñárritu (Babel, 21 Grams)—is not even out in theaters yet, but it is already receiving a wave of awards buzz thanks to a well-received roll out at the Venice Film Festival this past August. This kind of awards chatter—four and half months before the actual Oscars, mind you—might excite some actors. But for Keaton, who, at 63 years old, has never been involved in Hollywood's awards-season melee, the attention seems to be freaking him out.
In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, the actor was asked point-blank how he feels about getting Oscar buzz for the first time in a nearly 40-year career. His answer: "I get a little spooked." Allow Keaton to explain:
I get a little spooked. I was talking to my friend the other day — I'm a big baseball fan and my friend is too — and he says, "You know this movie is a no-hitter right?" I'm stupidly transparent. I just do the f---ing job. Keep my head down, go to work and deal with the other part later. So I guess we're going to deal with the other part now! But I'm not dumb. I hear those things and go, "OK, it'd be awesome, it'd be great, it'd be tremendous!" And if it doesn't happen I'll go, "OK, whatever." And I'll just keep doing what I do, which is sometimes kind of good, sometimes not very good, sometimes stupid, and sometimes really pretty good.
Even if he is not enjoying the awards attention, it seems as though for once in his career, Keaton is actually able to enjoy a film he's made. The actor reveals in the interview that he is so fond of Birdman, which has him playing a washed-up action star trying to reclaim his relevance in a Broadway show, that he actually watched it several times—unlike his other films, which he claims he's never seen.
Related: Birdman Swoops In and Takes the Early Oscar Buzz


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15Sep/110
The Tempest (2011)
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Taymor's reputation as a polarizing stylistic presence will forever quell any notion of her as a spinstress of exquisite yarns. It doesn't help she works in the age of adaptations, bringing The Lion King to Broadway with great success and getting her start in film by adapting Titus, a Shakespeare work bathed in blood and debauchery.
As film is a visual medium this isn't a bad thing, but means she's entirely at the mercy of her ambition. Either she drenches the screen in excess or drowns in the weight of her dreams. In success, she creates Across the Universe - in failure, The Tempest.
This film does not seem created by the Taymor I know. I love her big heart and willingness to show such naked bravado with big colors and flashy sequences onscreen. But success landed her the Broadway debacle Spider-Man: Turn Off The Dark and seems to leave her too tired to bring any of her normal flair to her initial passion, Shakespeare.
The Tempest is one of Shakespeare's final plays and, I must be honest, one of my least favorite. The play always struck me as one last fable before he retired, lacking in a lot of the complexity and danger of his earlier works without the light touch or inspired wordplay. This is still Shakespeare, though, and even something I find to be a "lesser" work should still find some sort of life on the silver screen but does not happen.
To wit, the most daring choices in the film begin and end with the casting. Taymor tries to play with gender a bit, casting the wizened Prospero with Helen Mirren and redubbing her as Prospera. Also interesting is the spritely Ariel, played by Ben Whishaw and modified with computers to possess multiple sets of genitalia and whisks about as a phantom, tied to no set of rules of gender.
Mirren is the only stable anchor in the enterprise, but she's just as sturdy as ever.
The problem is this casting bears not on the messages present in The Tempest. The core story had no strong female characters and rebranding Prospero as a woman does not change the tone or language present in the story. The Tempest is now a patriarchal story in women's clothing, something we might have seen in the second wave of feminist film production, not early into the new millennium.
A few of the other casting choices range from dubious to the somewhat funny. The dubious lies with Reeve Carney as Ferdinand, recently shipwrecked son of the king and doing little to rise his energy above "tired emo rocker". His hair and weeping eyes are at complete odds with the bright and sexy Felicity Jones as Miranda, and not in an "opposites attract" sort of way since chemistry is needed for an electric outcome. Then there's Russell Brand and Alfred Molina, who at least try to liven up the surroundings, but whose scenes live or die depending on how much mugging you can take from Brand.
The success of the Brand/Molina pairing highlight just how dull the entire proceedings are. They're surrounding by special effects that, at first, seem like a charming reminder of the stage. Then they lose that theater magic and just look like they are, cheap CGI. In spite of Mirren's performance, which is quite fine, everyone looks as though they were anticipating the magic to be happening around them, perhaps in post-production. But the staging is as lifeless as the performers and Taymor operates with none of her usual high emotions.
A comedian as brash as Brand is well-suited to Taymor's usual level of emotion but as amused as I was he seems like he stumbled in drunk from another movie.
Where are the children making war or tired soldiers carrying the Statue of Liberty? Where are the big images? There's nothing visually daring about The Tempest, it's mostly set on an idyllic island with little in the way of interest and what few sets Taymor opts to use are so heavily indebted to German Expressionist construction their simplistic taking on those ideals makes the ode simultaneously obvious and dull.
Finally, the matter of the soundtrack, which was so off-putting I would have preferred to watch the movie mute at points. Aside from the casting, the music is the only other area where Taymor seems to have taken a chance but failed. Some moments, such as the smooth jazz which comes with Brand's introduction marking him as some kind of mystical beat poet, provide a fun air. But too many times Taymor comes crashing in with a loud rock score, completely at odds with the gentility of the images, or bombastic strings while everyone sits around.
This is a perplexing and dull film from someone who used to hold her heart up for everyone to see. Because of her recent troubles I wonder if Taymor made this out of obligation, almost as a way of saying "See? I can still do it!" I want the Taymor who can make me breathless, not the one who instills the rhythmic intonations of sleep.
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Directed and screenplay by Julie Taymor.
Starring Helen Mirren.
Gnomeo & Juliet (2011)
Birdman (2014)
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