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4TU-AMI InterTU Studiedag 2016
Van interactieve video's en blended learning tot aan modellering in het onderwijs en digitale eindtoetsen
Op vrijdag 24 juni 2016 vond de InterTU Studiedag plaats van 4TU-AMI. In Delft kwamen de wiskundedocenten van de technische universiteiten bijeen om kennis uit te wisselen en inspiratie op te doen van nieuwe ontwikkelingen in hun vakgebied. Ook de nieuwe TU-partner: Wageningen Universiteit, was aanwezig. Jaap Molenaar, hoogleraar toegepaste wiskunde, gaf een presentatie over de onderwijsvernieuwing op de Wageningse universiteit.
De studiedag voor wiskundedocenten in het service-onderwijs kent een lange traditie. Fons Daalderop, één van de organisatoren van de Delftse dag, geeft aan: 'Het zijn elke keer weer leerzame ontmoetingen. Ik doe er altijd veel inspiratie op. En dit jaar is het voor het eerst dat Wageningen, als nieuwe TU-partner, ook is uitgenodigd voor deze bijeenkomst. Ik ben heel benieuwd naar hoe zij werken.'
Het programma werd om 10.35 geopend door Fokko van de Bult, education fellow van de TU Delft. Gevolgd door uiteenlopende presentaties van de universiteiten. Zo gaf Universiteit Twente uitleg over de wiskunde track in hun honoursprogramma, sprak Delft over modellering in het onderwijs en werden de 4TU-AMI plannen voor blended learning toegelicht. De dag werd afgesloten met een presentatie van Jan van Neerven (TU Delft): 'Can one hear the shape of several drums?'. Waarin hij de meest recente inzichten deelde over een eeuwenoud vraagstuk. Wanneer je op het vel van een trommel slaat, kun je dan aan de hand van de frequenties berekenen welke vorm het vel heeft? De conclusie van het verhaal: het is niet mogelijk. Van Neerven gaf in zijn boeiende lezing aan hoe je dit gegeven kunt aantonen.
Het onderwerp blended learning staat hoog op de agenda van de TU's. Fons Daalderop en Matthijs Joosten, TU Delft, gaven de aanwezigen inzicht in hoe zij blended learning toepassen bij het vak lineaire algebra. Daalderop: 'Deze manier van lesgeven geeft ons de mogelijkheid om de studiestof op verschillende manieren aan te bieden, zodat deze beter aansluit bij de diverse leerstijlen van onze studenten. Daarnaast kunnen we met onze software eenvoudig zien met welke opgaven studenten meer moeite hebben. Hieraan besteden ze relatief gezien, de meeste tijd. Vervolgens kunnen we tijdens de colleges extra aandacht besteden aan deze stof. '
Digitaal toetsen
Steffen Posthuma, Universiteit Twente, gaf een interessante presentatie over digitaal toetsen. In Twente maken ze veel gebruik van de elektronische leeromgeving MyLabsPlus. Zijn universiteit onderzoekt nu of deze leeromgeving ook ingezet kan worden om eindtoetsen, geheel of gedeeltelijk, digitaal af te nemen. Een eerste pilot is uitgevoerd, maar moet nog geëvalueerd worden. Het onderwerp leidde tot een boeiende discussie.
Interactieve video
Alle universiteiten experimenteren met video's. Hans Cuypers van de TU Eindhoven inspireerde de aanwezigen met zijn interactieve video's, waarin hij directe vragen stelt aan de kijker. Hoe de video vervolgens verder gaat en ook hoe lang deze duurt, hangt af van de verkregen antwoorden. Op fascinerende wijze demonstreerde Cuypers zijn verhaal met een video waarin hij zijn publiek meenam in, op het eerste oog, een magische truc die uiteindelijk de 9-proef bleek te zijn.
Ook in Wageningen maken ze veel gebruik van video's. Jaap Molenaar ging in zijn presentatie in op de pilot die vanaf 1 september aan zijn universiteit start. Als onderdeel hiervan wordt voor elk basisvak wiskunde, twaalf in totaal, een groot aantal korte videoclips ontwikkeld. Elke clip behandelt één vraagstuk. Molenaar: 'Het innovatieproject is in het leven geroepen om een aantal redenen. In Wageningen hebben we te maken met grote groepen studenten met flinke niveauverschillen. Voor de een is de wiskunde te moeilijk, voor de ander te makkelijk. Onder meer zij-instromers hebben vaak een slechte voorkennis. Daarnaast constateren we in het algemeen dat studenten moeite hebben met het lezen van wiskundeteksten. Onder andere door de inzet van pre lecture video's willen we de stof op een toegankelijke manier aanbieden en bemoedigen dat studenten thuis ook al aan de slag gaan.'
Dezelfde vraagstukken
Het was voor de eerste keer dat Wageningen deelnam aan de InterTU Studiedag en Molenaar kijkt met een goed gevoel terug. Hij geeft aan: 'Het was voor mij niet de eerste keer. Jaren geleden, toen ik nog aan de Universiteit Twente en de TU Eindhoven werkte, kwam ik ook regelmatig naar deze bijeenkomsten. Ik vind het een goed initiatief. Dit is het enige forum waar wiskundedocenten in het serviceonderwijs elkaar ontmoeten. Zo'n 90% van het wiskundeonderwijs bestaat uit serviceonderwijs en er zijn veel mensen bij betrokken. Het valt me op dat we bij de 4TU's met veel dezelfde vraagstukken bezig zijn, maar er vaak een andere invulling aangeven. Ik zou het van harte ondersteunen als we nog intensiever met elkaar zouden kunnen samenwerken.'
Mathematics and Big Data
Big Data promises to revolutionize our lives and our industry. However, a major challenge is extracting sensible information from massive datasets, using current hardware, software and last but not least mathematical methods.
On Friday 8 April 3TU.AMI (3TU Applied Mathematics Institute) organised a workshop on Mathematics and Big Data with contribution of NIRICT (Netherlands Institute for Research on ICT). The event was hosted at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) of TU Delft. Five renowned speakers from outside the three universities were invited to talk about how their research linked to Big Data. With 170 registered participants, the subject certainly struck a chord with the audience.
First on the stage was professor Rob Fastenau, dean of the EEMCS Faculty and chairman of the 3TU.AMI institute. He asked the audience, who are in the lead with Big Data? Is it electrical engineers producing more and more transistors and storage capacity? Is it computer scientist, who think they are the masterminds of processing data? Fastenau believes that mathematicians are at the heart of getting value out of Big Data.
Fastenau stated that we need to cherish the role of mathematicians in Big Data and that we need to speak out on that role, which was of course at the centre of the workshop. Referring to IBM's four V's of Big Data: Volume, Variety, Veracity and Value, he remarked on the use of Big Data in education. According to Fastenau, the amount of data you can get from students is impressive. You can even check before the lecture if they have watched the preparatory videos. He then performed a small trick on the four V's and transformed them into WW, which in Dutch stands for mathematics ('wiskunde'). He concluded that with such a relatively simple transformation you get mathematics, and that illustrates the value of maths within Big Data.
Daniel Boley: Optimization in machine learning
First of the keynote speakers was Professor Daniel Boley. Daniel Boley obtained a PhD in Computer Science from Stanford University in 1981. He has since been on the faculty of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Minnesota, where he is now a full professor. (see slides)
Professor Boley talked on the role convex optimization plays in Big Data. Looking back over the decades he sketched the history of sparse representation dating back to the 1970s. Looking forward he concluded that optimization has an essential role to play in Big Data, and that convergence guarantees is still a very active research area.
Data comes in different forms and structures, from text documents to gene expression profiles to network data representing social transactions. The goal of processing these data with machine learning is to see the underlying significant patterns underneath the noise. There is a lot of interest in sparse representation as a way of generating a low complexity representation of data samples, with fewer features or fewer samples that can represent the entire dataset, and that can expose patterns that remain otherwise hidden. Statisticians see Big Data as a branch of statistics, computer science as a branch of computer science, electrical engineer ditto. They are probably all right in their own way, but convex optimization plays an essential supporting role in Big Data.
In sparse representation you seek to represent each data sample as a combination of as few dictionary items as possible. Sparse representation dates back to the 1970s when geophysicists who were looking at seismic events, realized that l1 regularization (least absolute deviations) worked on earthquake data. This early work was based on empirical observations only. The subject was picked up again in the 1990s by statisticians who used it for formal analysis. It has since exploded in a large literature base, of which Boley confessed to be guilty of contributing a fair few articles. The idea of approaching this as an optimization problem dates back to the noughties. LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection) is a commonly used method for solving sparse approximation problems.
Boley presented a number of variations on the sparse model, such as the group lasso, where instead of looking at individual components, these are grouped. This could be useful, for example, if you want to predict multiple climate variables based on climate variables at a small number of locations (e.g. if getting the data is expensive). The fused lasso is a popularly used method in image processing, whereas matrix completion is used, among others, in movie recommendation systems. Although a lot of optimisation methods have been developed, there is no one norm that is the best; it all depends on the level of sparsity that is wanted.
When you are talking about large data collections, second order methods become intractable, so you should stick to first order methods. Some popular methods are: ADMM (alternation direction methods of multipliers), F/ISTA (fast shrinkage/threshold algorithms), and CD (Coordinate Descent). Boley has been working on the local convergence of some of these first order methods, which are proven to be globally convergent, but the rates of convergence are rather weak. In one example presented, Boley applied ADMM on a Linear Programme. This proved to be interesting not just from the point of view of demonstrating ADMM, but it was also relevant to the Warburg effect. In some cancer cells, a mix of fermentation and respiration is used to get energy to the cells. It is not clear why the cancer cells do not use either one or the other. The linear programme offered a simple explanation for that characteristic.
In general, convex optimization has become a big field because of the volumes of data involved. You need scalable methods for convex optimization problems. This has generated a lot of interest in effective first order methods to solve them. Convergence guarantees offer a very active area of research of which we have only scratched the surface.
Tony O'Hagan: Uncertainty Quantification Inversion of Large Models
Professor Tony O' Hagan began his academic career at the University of Dundee in 1973, moving to Warwick University in 1975. He became Professor of Statistics at the University of Nottingham in 1990. He has been a Professor with the School of Mathematics and Statistics (SoMaS) moved to Sheffield since 1999. (see slides)
Uncertainty quantification is a bit of a buzzword that has been going around for a few years now. This means there is a lot of funding to be had, and this has spawned a lot of work. Although quantifying uncertainty is quite a new concept in applied mathematics, engineering and other fields, as a statistician it is O'Hagan's raison d'etre. Nobody is ever going to find a cure for uncertainty, so he is not likely to be out of a job soon, O'Hagan joked.
Complex simulation models are used to make predictions for real-world situation. Since all models are imperfect, how might a simulator output 'y' differ from the real world value 'z'? This could be due to input errors, but also to model structure errors. Or we may think we know all of the science when we don't. More often we can't put all the science in, or the model becomes unsolvable. That is why we work with approximations and simplifications. As computers get more complex, we put more and more detail into our models, yet there is always more to add. Nevertheless, modellers are unlikely to admit the imperfections of their models, unless you offer them more money to improve them.
Simulations are often computationally expensive to run; this can take from hours up to years, meaning they do not get evaluated often. However, if you want to understand uncertainty, you have to try out different variations and try out different values of the uncertain parameters. The ideal solution would be to provide a probability distribution for 'z' for the true-world values.
'Managing uncertainty' is another phrase that is coming into fashion. O'Hagan is a member of the Uncertainty Quantification & Management (UQ&M) special interest group aimed at high-value manufacturing. Managing uncertainty means not just quantifying uncertainty, but understanding the implications of different uncertainty sources. With the help of sensitivity analysis you can determine which uncertainties contribute the most to the uncertainty in 'z'.
The best way to reduce uncertainty is to get more information. You can do this informally, e.g. improving your model and your understanding of the inputs may help you tighten the probability distribution. It is better to do these things mathematically, using real-world data and process them through a statistical analysis. Key to this is calibration or inversion: using the data to learn about the uncertain parameters in the model. We also need to learn about 'z-y', about the structural error in the model, since we do not observe 'y', but 'z'. That will help us understand the difference between what the model says and what reality is, so that we can validate our models as being good enough when the structural error is small enough.
In statistics all sorts of uncertainty are studied and can be addressed, usually uncertainties that other people have not thought of yet. MUCM (Managing Uncertainty in Complex Models) was a research project concerned with issues of uncertainty in simulation models. On www.MUCM.ac.uk you can find a lot of information on how statisticians deal with uncertainty, including an MUCM toolkit.
Inversion is when observations in the real-world system are used to learn about model inputs. When you have imperfect models, inverting them is a real issue. Tuning parameters are not the problem here. Inverting, or calibrating, a wrong model gives parameter estimates that are wrong, which is a problem for physical parameters. In more complex models it is harder to see what is going on, hence it is harder to see you are getting it wrong. Big data can also fool you into thinking you are getting it right. For extrapolation, predicting reality outside your range of observations, model discrepancy is a huge problem. The better our prior knowledge about model discrepancy, the more chance we have of getting the physical parameters right.
Michel van den Broeke: From hindcast to forecast.
Michel van den Broeke is Professor of Polar Meteorology at Utrecht University. He studied Meteorology and Physical Oceanography at Utrecht University, where he also obtained his PhD in 1996. Between 1996 and 1998 he worked as a Research Associate at the Norwegian Polar Institute, Oslo. (see slides)
Professor Michiel van de Broeke wowed the audience with his colourful presentation, featuring satellite images and CO2 emission hindcast animations, rather than complicated equations. He also showed how accurate the weather predictions for D-day had been, under what we now call primitive conditions. However, he warned that sea levels do stand to rise by several meters. Fortunately, that will still take a few thousand years.
Weather forecasts improved impressively over the last few decades, and even ten day forecasts are becoming useful for many applications. Improved physics at the basis of this, although subjects like microphysics in clouds, e.g. aerosols, are still largely uncertain. Higher resolutions have also helped: where forecasts used to be on a 100 kilometre grid, this is now 10, and will probably be 1 kilometre in another ten years' time.
Improving resolution comes at a huge computational cost, but up to now improved computer power has kept up with this development. However, power consumption is a challenge. Nowadays we don't run a single forecast, but we run 50 forecasts simultaneously – ensemble forecasts – to quantify uncertainty. The atmosphere is chaotic, small perturbations thousands of kilometres away can hugely impact weather predictions for over here. Hence, accurate predictions for a period longer than 3 weeks are an impossibility.
The quality and quantity of observations play a big role also. Nowadays, satellites fill huge gaps in observations over the oceans and other inaccessible areas. Speaking of the quality of observations, radiosondes are launched in helium filled balloons to measure the vertical profiles of temperature and wind etc. in the atmosphere; these are actually small computers. Nevertheless, tens of thousands of data observations and measurements get lost daily for various reasons.
Hindcasting means going back in the past with the best model that is available now and re-predict the weather, re-analyse the atmosphere using the most recent techniques. A whole new class of climate research has sprung up around this method, and a lot of centres are working on this. These centres offer four-dimensional views of the most important variables over certain periods of time. What can you use this for? For instance, look at the weather on D-day, 6 June 1944. At that time, they had almost no data available, and still they made very accurate predictions. This proved how good people were at that time with limited means. Or look at the Keeling curve, giving CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere over the year. In the Northern hemisphere you see strong seasonal cycles here, which you can study with the help of hindcast. Another interesting application are chemistry transport models, with which you can e.g. analyse NO2 produced by combustion engines.
So how about ice? You can use hindcast to check the predictions that the IPCC made in 1990. In 2009 a group of scientist compared these predictions with actual observations. The IPCC predicted a sea level rise of about four centimetres, with an uncertainty margin of 50%. Observed sea level rise was six centimetres, so just within that margin. In 1990 we didn't yet know that ice sheets are losing mass; that is a source of sea level rise that the report missed.
Since then, the melting of the ice sheets has been derived from gravity readings by the two GRACE satellites. But what causes the mass loss in Antarctica? We need to know this in order to predict it. There are three candidates: less snowfall, increased melt, or increased ice flow. It is not increased melt as temperatures are too low, so we need to quantify snowfall and ice flow to see what is going on. Ice flow velocity we can observe from space, and ice thickness can be measured from airplanes with powerful radars. But how are we going to determine how much snow fell on the ice sheets over the last thirty or forty years?
Poorly sampled regions cannot be captured by inter- or extrapolation. So that is where we combine regional climate models, specific for Antarctica, forced at the boundaries by re-analysis data. Comparing ice flow with fall of snow, we conclude that there are regions with more outflow of ice than fall of snow. These are the areas where you would expect mass loss, and this is also what the GRACE satellites detected. The loss of ice is also accelerating. This is caused by the oceans, not by the atmosphere. As the ice shelves retreat, more water flows under the floating icebergs, increasing melt. The bedrock in West-Antarctica is below sea level, so that particular ice cap cannot retreat to higher ground, only further inland. Based on the hindcasts and observations, we can now predict that the ice sheet will disappear completely and as a result, global sea level will rise by 3 metres, but this will take thousands of years.
Prabhakar Raghavan: Three results on recommendation systems
Dr Prabhaka Raghavan is a Vice President of Engineering at Google, having worked at Yahoo! Labs and IBM Research prior to joining Google. Raghavan holds a PhD in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California, Berkeley, and a Bachelor of Technology from the Indian Institute of Technology, Madras. (see slides)
Prabhakar Raghavan has been interested in the nexus of computation and the social sciences for the past ten or fifteen years. He is especially interested where microeconomics are concerned. What happens if people interact with computational artefacts? Although he set out to talk about 3 or 4 pieces of work in this area, he is delivering less than he promised, he jokes, having decided to talk in-depth about one result in recommendation systems.
A central feature of a recommendation system (RS) is that the items users buy depend on the purchases made by other users before them. The simplest example just tells you of prior purchases. Showing the number of times a song has been downloaded can distort the rate at which people listen to songs, as has been shown in a classic RS experiment. Work into RS is motivated by such questions as: to what extent to recommendations disturb the consumption of items in the market? RS are used by companies to make you buy more, or to read more stories thus generation advertising income etc. However, if all goes well, the users themselves also get value from a RS as they get recommendations that they value and trust.
The formal study of RS is growing from many perspectives. For example, in the machine learning community, there is a lot of work going on in matrix approximations and reconstruction as mechanisms for filling in your affinity for products you have not purchased in the past. In the microeconomics community there is a lot of work going on in user metrics, e.g. by synthetically creating some notion of user happiness, for example the long clicks on news stories, and then instructing the RS to maximise user happiness. A lot of controlled experiments of recommender algorithms are also taking place. There is now even a yearly Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) conference on Recommender Systems.
Raghavan describes what he calls a fairly nice clean model to capture the phenomena of a RS. In this model, every user has prior purchases and also a frequency or buying rate. A user also has a preference distribution over the products, e.g. toothpaste will be purchased more often than cars. With an RS at work, this distribution will change. However, a user will only consult the RS in some cases to determine what to buy. The rate of trust also plays a part, as the opinion of a wine expert for example, will be worth more to the potential buyer than just anybody's opinion. A natural condition in the model is that the past fades away. A single item purchased a long time ago, is not really significant, though it may take different lengths of time for different products to be forgotten.
Does the kind of market distortion, as shown in the RS model, really happen in practice? To research this, Raghavan and his colleagues took several public data sets from Google+, Yelp, Facebook etc. consisting of large weighted graphs. For each of these they set about running a RS and setting up a number of experiments. In an attempt to try and really distort the market, they set the rate at which the users referred to the RS at 0,2 which is abnormally large. Raghavan claims that you don't ask your fiends for 20 per cent of your purchases, it is probably far less. It turned out that it was really hard to distort the market. The biggest distortion they achieved was in the Twitter network. Perhaps not surprising, sinceTwitter is a network where people try to maximise their influence. Especially when a networks evolves around an oligarchy, think Beyoncé, you can engineer distortion.
Experiments suggests that real social networks dampen the influence of RS. It is critical to understand this. In the social sciences, there is currently concern that algorithms are taking over and we are going to buy things we would not buy otherwise, or read stories we would not read otherwise, in a phenomenon called the filter bubble. However, although you can theoretically calculate this distortion, it is very difficult to engineer. Because of the way humans are structuring their relations, it is very hard to let computers take over.
David Dunson: Probabilistic inference from big and complex data
Professor David Dunson obtained a PhD in biostatistics from Emory University in 1997. He is a fellow of both the ASA and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. He was named full professor in the Department of Statistical Science at Duke in August 2008 and appointed Arts and Sciences Distinguished Professor of Statistics in May 2013. (see slides)
Dunson's main interest lies in working with scientists on ways to analyse Big Datasets, building probability and mathematical models for these data. This could be astrophysics, or biomedical data, anything really large and complicated. Yet despite the huge interest in Big Data in the statistics, mathematics and computer science communities, there has been hitherto a narrow focus on methods for analysing Big Data. Unfazed by problems with the sound system, Dunson made ample use of the whiteboard for his equations, quipping 'this is a maths workshop, right?'
So far, a lot of attention has gone on penalized optimization methods. Also, the focus in Big Data research has been on very specific settings: there has been a lot of interest in big matrices, and there has been a lot of excitement about deep learning algorithms for identifying objects in images. Over time a lot of the work starts looking rather similar, due to this bandwagon effect, while there are many areas that haven't been touched.
Like Tony O'Hagan, Dunson talks on trying to characterize uncertainty with probability models. Can we design general probabilistic inference algorithms and test them out for a wide variety of modelling settings? Also, we want to be able to scale the algorithms to large amounts of data. For this, we need to characterize uncertainty accurately, and the robustness of inferences is equally crucial: no tweaking allowed. Dunson focusses on Bayesian approaches, as these provide a niche machinery for characterizing uncertainty in modelling big, complicated data.
In practical settings, working with very large social science datasets, or computational advertising data, posterior distribution has proven to be a problem, as analytical approximations are not very accurate. Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) and other posterior sampling methods are the solution here, with the MCMC algorithm being the absolute gold standard. Many statisticians working on this ignore the fact that we do not have the ability to compute this posterior distribution. Dunson likes to address this gap by looking at how we can compute posterior distribution with some approximation in high dimensions.
How can we scale up these MCMS algorithms in big and complicated settings? Two issues that are driving computational efficiency here are the time per iteration and the mixing of the Markov chains. Also, for Big Data we cannot compute everything on one machine, and as MCMC algorithms are inherently serial, they are not suitable to break up computationally over lots of different machines. A solution could lie in using a robustification of the posterior which allows for faster computation for essentially coarser data. Another option is to use fast optimisation algorithms for some of the parameters and use sampling for the rest. Or breaking up the data in different chunks, running MCMC on different machines and then somehow combining the results. That is known as embarrassingly parallel (EP) MCMC.
With EP MCMS you divide large sample size data set into many smaller data sets stored on different machines. Then you can run some version of MCMC and obtain posterior samples for each subset. But how to combine the very noisy subsets resulting from this to get a good approximation of the posterior on all the data? Dunson shows how to solve this with the help of stochastic approximation, using a combination of WASP (WAsserstein barycentre of Subset Posteriors) and PIE (simple and fast Posterior Interval Estimation). Dunson and his colleagues have tried this approach for a rich variety of data and models, including logistic & linear random effects models, matrix & tensor factorizations, Gaussian process regression, and hierarchical models. It has turned out to be a highly accurate method that is much faster to run than MCMC.
Another approach he proposes is to replace expensive transition kernels with approximations when running into computational bottlenecks. This approximate or aMCMC is already used routinely in an ad hoc manner. But what really happens here? To find this out, Dunson designed an exact aMCMC algorithm with good mixing properties for theoretical purposes, that never has to run (and might even be intractable). Approximating that exact chain with some easy-to-approximate transition kernel led to a theory that characterizes the trade-off between computational complexity and statistical performance. Dunson was able to verify his theory for several examples. He expects this will aid the design of new algorithms that optimise this computational time-accuracy trade-off. Dunson would also like to see more people working in this area.
Boudewijn Haverkort: Commit2Data
Last speaker of the day was Boudewijn Haverkort Professor of computer science at Twente University. He is also chairman of the Commit2Data initiative. He promised the audience no more equations, inferences or extrapolations. Instead, his talk entails an invitation to take part in the Commit2Data programme. (see slides)
ICT research is doing very well in the Netherlands. A recent research assessment of all computer science departments in the Netherlands gave a verdict of 'world-class'. The estimated value of ICT to the Dutch economy amounts to 26.5 billion euro. This explains the willingness of the government to invest in ICT research, and Big Data is a topic where mathematicians can come in on this. The Dutch research and development policy is focused a number of so-called top sectors, including water, energy and chemistry. Although neither mathematics nor ICT are defined as top sectors in their own right, they are of high importance to society. Indeed, without them none of the top sectors would function. But ICT being such a cross-cutting subject comes with the risk of not being taken seriously anywhere.
In 2014 a Top Team on ICT was established, TU Delft's professor Inald Lagendijk is a member of this, to try and put ICT more in focus and improve funding for it. Among others, the Top Team drew up a ICT Human Capital Agenda and they wrote a white paper on Commit2Data. Commit2Data will focus on Big Data challenges throughout the top sectors.
There is a clear need for such a programme. We are facing huge challenges and changes, combined with huge opportunities. Every sector will be influenced by developments in Big Data. For example, the largest hotel and taxi companies in the world do not own hotels or taxis anymore, and the agriculture sector is quickly developing into a sensor-based smart farming industry. This means we urgently need improved skills for our industry and service companies. There are also still many challenges in Big Data research, including privacy, trustworthiness, completeness etc.
A number of calls will open soon in Commit2Data: Smart Industry, Energy Transition and Big data handling & Analytics. Calls on subject related to logistics, healthcare etc. and further activities are being prepared. The programme is not just about (funding for) research, but also about dissemination and creating economic opportunities. Hence, C2D aims to bring together Big Data oriented public-private partnerships of higher education, research institutes and businesses.
Agaath Diemel, Corporate Communicatie, TU Delft
Photografer: Marc Blommaert
Woudschoten Conference on Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing
Location: Woudschoten, Zeist
Date: October 5-7, 2016
Organization: Werkgemeenschap Scientific Computing, (Chair. Prof.dr.ir. C.W. Oosterlee (TU Delft&CWI, Secretary Drs. M. Nool (CWI))
Organizer: Prof.dr.ir. J.J.W. van der Vegt, University of Twente.
Data-Driven Operations Management Workshop
Location: Eurandom, TU/e
Program-outline:This workshop will be part of a Stochastic Activity Month on Stochastic Operations Management. The expected number of participants for the workshop is 60. The program will feature keynote lectures by three internationally renowned researchers. Around 15 additional speakers will give invited presentations. Furthermore, the organizing committee is planning a panel discussion on the topic of the future of the theme as well as an open problem discussion and a poster session.
Organizer: Stella Kapodistria (TU/e)
+31 (0)15 - 27 84109
4tuami-ewi@tudelft.nl
Mathekalender


In this tutorial I show how to design a dice tower in Adobe Illustrator, and how to laser cut and assemble it.
I am new to Instructibles, and posted my videos based on it being suggested to me on YouTube. I only realized recently what the format is really like, and have applied it to my most recent entries about custom switch plates. I'd appreciate you checking them out and letting me know what you think... this is the approach I'll use on future projects. Thanks for the feedback!


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The dual MBA-MHA curriculum combines courses from both programs for a total of 65 credits (or up to 70 if you choose to do an optional administrative residency). Healthcare administration courses align with the competency model designed by the Healthcare Leadership Alliance (HLA), offering outcomes in leadership, business knowledge and skills, communication and relationship management, and knowledge of the healthcare environment. MBA classes complement those courses with broad-based expertise in a range of business functions, including financial management, accounting and marketing.
MBA and MHA courses online are taught by the distinguished faculty at The University of Scranton, who foster a dynamic and interactive learning environment in which students learn from not only their instructors but also each other. Upon completion of the program, you will have in-depth knowledge of business skills and how to apply them to the specific needs and challenges of health administration.
Please note that up to seven one-credit MBA Foundation Modules may be required depending upon your undergraduate education. These may be waived based on your professional experience.
This free elective can be any course of your choice from across the entire MBA curriculum.
Learn more about the dual MBA-MHA curriculum. Request more information or speak with one of our Program Managers at 866-373-9547.


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Lichens in the Outer Hebrides
The accounts of individual species can be accessed through the indexes of scientific and common names, lichen growth forms or by using the search page
Recording Lichens
Identifying Lichens
Lichens are composite organisms consisting of a fungus (the mycobiont) in a stable association with a photosynthetic alga or cyanobacterium (the photobionts). As there is often more than one photobiont and a number of other micro-organisms involved e.g. bacteria, yeasts and lichenicolous fungi; lichens are more like an ecosystem than an individual species. The relationship between the various partners is complex and may involve elements of symbiosis, commensalism and parasitism. Therefore, it is not that surprising to discover that lichens are found in a wide of range habitats and ecological niches, and are morphologically and biochemically diverse.
There are about of 1500 species of lichens in Scotland, but so far only 650 species have been recorded in the Outer Hebrides. This lack of diversity arises from the combination of geological uniformity (almost entirely Lewisian gneiss and associated siliceous rocks) and a limited range of habitats. There may also be an element of under-recording as, until relatively recently, the islands' lichens were recorded by visiting lichenologists.
We have been looking at lichens since 2010, but until relatively recently our focus has been on the macro-fungi. This section of the website contains a catalogue of the species which we have identified and photographed. Information on their distribution is available on the National Biodiversity Network Atlas Scotland website.
Lichens are classified and named according to their fungal component, however, as an aid to identification, lichens are grouped according to their growth form or type. This is an artifical construct as the growth form bears no relationship to the taxonomy of the lichen, but it makes life easier.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The old iron hinge rusted and eventually disintegrated [=crumbled] into dust.
The paper will disintegrate if it gets wet.
With the rise of nationalism, the colonial empires began to disintegrate.
The laser can disintegrate most kinds of rock.
What made you want to look up disintegrate? Include any comments and questions you have about this word.


How is BIM in Holland?
When we talk about BIM, we often wonder how countries such as Finland, Singapore or the UK are managing its adoption. However, there are many other corners of the world where enormous efforts are being made to implement this methodology in the construction sector; a good example of this is Holland. How does the Netherlands see the maturity of BIM in its territory?
In May 2014, the University of Twente launched a two-year research commissioned by the Dutch Building Information Council (BIR) and the Dutch Association for Purchasing Management (NEVI) with the aim to study the level of maturity of organizations and to know the best BIM practices in the construction and civil engineering field.
In order to measure the level of maturity of Building Information Modeling in several organizations, they developed a BIM maturity model, which later was translated into an interview format to be able to collect data from in-depth interviews. All this process counted with the support of master's students from the University of Twente.
These organizations have been subdivided into seven subsectors, including architects, engineering firms, commercial and industrial construction contractors, civil works contractors and MEP contractors and suppliers.
As organizations with less attention and expertise in BIM are not so open to participating in research, the interviews provide, primarily, a view of BIM's maturity level of the leaders of the industry. Therefore, the results are not representative of the entire sector.
The results of this sector analysis and the full report should be known as the first result of the design project, carried out these two years.
The next step will be to include an assessment of the BIM maturity model based on results and experiences during the sector analysis. The resulting improvement points should be accounted for in the development and refinement of BIM's maturity model. This improved maturity model can be used for a second sector analysis, which will broadly assess the BIM maturity of the industry through a survey. Alongside this, some case studies will be used to investigate BIM maturity best practices and the level of projects in more detail.
The Rijkswaterstaat (the Dutch General Directorate for Public Works and Water Management) is one of the biggest clients in Europe and leader in BIM implementation. Every year, it places orders for construction projects and services nearly €3 billion, and it is responsible for design, construction, management and maintenance of the main infrastructure facilities in the Netherlands.
On its road to work in better communications processes, the Rijkswaterstaat has chosen a path towards becoming an exemplary 'Asset and Information Manager', paving the road for using openBIM standards on all infrastructure projects in Europe. Actually, it is possible to find a few examples of open standards in the Netherlands. They have developed the Dutch Information Exchange Standards in the Netherlands (VISI), which are already in practice.
It consists of providing well-documented requirements of the data structure that need to be exchanged and have different requirements regarding the data exchange itself. It's something very similar to the processes carried out in the UK.
The BIM maturity of the organizations has been evaluated on the basis of several criteria: Strategy, structure of the organization, culture, processes, IT and information. Almost all of the distinguished subsectors attach great importance to the development of BIM strategies by establishing an organizational vision, specific BIM implementation goals and plans. In addition, this criterion consists of the allocation of financial resources, as well as the provision of experts in the field (BIM) that support the implementation process. Instead, organizations must still work on processes and procedures and organizational structure. It seems that these aspects have often lagged behind in the rapid development of BIM in recent years.
In addition to the issues related to the BIM maturity criteria mentioned above, a considerable part of the interviews were devoted to questions about the use of BIM, its implementation in work processes, the reasons for its bet and the barriers that can brake the adoption.
Los motivos más importantes detectados para el uso del BIM la necesidad de las organizaciones de trabajar más eficientemente y reducir los costes, así como en la externa solicitud del cliente. El predominio de la motivación externa es a menudo corresponde a un limitada planificación estratégica y una posición más flexible en los proyectos.
Regarding the barriers to the implementation and development of BIM, the level and knowledge of BIM and the experience with it in organizations is an obstacle to its adoption. In relation to this topic, the research results show the dissatisfaction of respondents with the maturity of BIM projects and strategic partners. If they can not cope with the planned BIM methods or if they can not deliver what they have promised in advance, the desired result of the required project will not be achieved. On the other hand, some interviewees revealed the need to improve the contractual incorporation of BIM.
Access through the link to all the material that the Dutch Building Information Council (BIR) has developed in the Netherlands to solve their BIM needs.


This semester 4/3 Stephensen have been involved in the S.E.A.T Project. This is a values-based program that empowers students to explore their own potential to enhance the world in which they live. It stands for Sustainability, Education, Art and Teamwork. The program centres on the parable of 'The Little Stool That Could' to demonstrate the values and actions achievable by the students who participate. The culminating event is an exhibition of decorated seats that reflect the students' achievement of the content and process of the program.
All of the 4/3 classes have been involved in the S.E.A.T project and have a foundation or charity they wish to help. We were inspired by the work of Shelter Box and how they provide aid for countries suffering from natural disasters. The sale of the 4/3 Stephensen seats will be going towards this charity. We'd love for the S.E.A.T Project to inspire our whole community and get everyone involved.
The sale of the stools will be through SILENT AUCTION this Saturday 8th December at Parap Markets. Bidding will open at 8AM and final bidding closing at 2PM.
All proceeds will be donated to the chosen charities.


ფიზიკური გეოგრაფიის განყოფილების თანამშრომელთა მიერ საკვლევი თემის _ `საქართველოს გეოგრაფიული გარემოს ტრანსფორმაცია, ბუნებრივ-რესურსული პოტენციალის შეფასება და გეოინფორმაციული ბაზის შექმნა" _ ფარგლებში, ჩატარდა ექსპედიცია იმერეთის რეგიონში.
The field works foreseen by the plan of the Institute were conducted by the Department of Social Geography in the Kakheti region of Georgia on topic: "Problems and prospects for adoption of the tourist - recreational potential of Georgia".
<p style="text-align: justify;">Today the consequences of climate change are obvious in every point of the earth, especially in the mountainous regions.
მყინვარებზე მონიტორინგი, ბოლო 10 წლის განმავლობაში რეგულარულად მიმდინარეობს ვახუშტი ბაგრატიონის გეოგრაფიის ინსტიტუტის ეგიდით. წელს, ამ ექსპედიციაში მონაწილეობა მიიღეს, მოსკოვის, ლომონოსოვის სახელობის უნივერსიტეტის მეცნიერებმა და სტუდენტებმა.
ივლისის ბოლოს, მყინვარწვერზე, საქართველოს, ვახუშტი ბაგრატიონის გეოგრაფიის ინსტიტუტისა და რუსეთის მეცნიერებათა აკადემიის, გეოგრაფიის ინსტიტუტის ერთობლივი ექსპედიცია ჩატარდა.


Silk velvet is prized for the way it catches the light, changing hue and texture depending on the angle. This super-soft Blue Teal Luxe Velvet Duvet Cover has a silk velvet blend front and an organic cotton percale back, instantly elevating your bed. $49-$229. Buy here.


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Why Copywriting?
About Nicki
Copy Tactics
Filthy Rich Writer
Write copy, make money, be happy!
Tips, Tools and Training for New and Aspiring Copywriters
What does "Filthy Rich" mean? It means having a job you love, being good at what you do…and making great money doing it!
The Real Secret to Business — and Life — Success
By Nicki Krawczyk Leave a Comment
As long as I've been in this business, and especially in the eight years that I've been teaching copywriting to would-be copywriting pros, I've gotten this question a lot:
"What's the real secret to being successful?"
Well, I have good news and I have bad news.
The good news is that there absolutely is a secret. Well, wait—let me put quotes around that. There is a "secret."
The bad news is that it's not a super-sexy, insider trading-y kind of secret. It wasn't divulged to me on a mountain top or passed to me at across a table, scrawled in a folded napkin.
This "secret" is the same thing that creates success for entrepreneurs, musicians, students, politicians, movie stars…you get the picture.
The key to success is consistency. Adopting effective habits and sticking with them.
Pitching five clients each day. Posting in three Facebook groups each day. Commenting on three Facebook post each day. Listening to one business podcast each day.
And the same goes for learning copywriting. When people ask how much time they need to dedicate to learning and practicing, I think they expect that I'm going to tell them they need to set aside two hours every day.
Hey, if you've got two hours a day every day, then great! But not only do most people not have two hours, but if they do dedicate two hours to it, they'll burn out and not come back to it for a week—having forgotten everything they learned last week.
Instead, just setting aside 10 or 15 minutes a day will get them so much further! Why? Because of consistency. Sticking with it every day, even for just 10 or 15 minutes, will get them so much further than fits and spurts of a couple hours at a time.
Consistency and persistence —just sticking with that consistency — are the real keys to success.
Are they sexy? Nope. But you know what is sexy? Making $8 or $9 grand a month from your writing. Getting clients reaching out to you for jobs because you've been referred by someone they know. Watching your savings account go up and up and up while you're actually enjoying what you do for a living.
If you ask me, that's really sexy.
Your turn! What consistent habits are you going to (persistently) instill in your schedule? Let us know in the comments below!
Filed Under: Business Development, Growth & Development
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About Nicki Krawczyk
Nicki is a copywriter, copy coach and the founder of Filthy Rich Writer. She's been writing copy for more than 15 years.
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Dragon Quest XI Available Now For PC And PS4
Although many Square Enix fans will know them for the Final Fantasy series, one of their most popular IP's initially received very little exposure in Europe. The Dragon Quest franchise was originally named Dragon Warrior in the West, but it eventually reverted to it's original name following the PS2 release…
Final Fantasy XIV Surpasses 14 Million Players
Final Fantasy XIV has gone from strength to strength since it was released nearly 5 years ago with now more than 14 million registered players. Celebrating their 5th anniversary, over 4 million players alone have signed up this year with Producer and Director the game giving the following message to…
Two Point Hospital Available Now For PC
Back in the late 90's, veteran game developers Bullfrog released Theme Hospital, a hospital management game with a strong focus on humour and addictive gameplay. Rumours of a sequel or spiritual successor circled around the internet for many years, but with the company's eventual demise, it was feared that the…
PlayStation Plus Update – September 2018
After releasing Bound by Flame and Mafia III as some of the gifts for their loyal subscribers last month, the next set of games to be released for free under the Instant Game Collection for PlayStation Plus for September 2018 have now been announced by Sony. To begin the update, PS3 owners will…
My Hero One's Justice Digital Pre-Order Available With Bonus Content
My Hero Academia's upcoming fighting video game My Hero One's Justice is now available for pre-order for the digital release on PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC in the lead up to the October 26th release date. Pre-ordering will gain players access to an additional character that they can use…
God Eater 3 Announces New Character and More Gameplay
Bandai Namco has revealed more information about the God Eater 3's gameplay and the story for the god slaying action RPG. God Eater New Character, Lulu. Coming to both the PC and PlayStation 4, Lulu Baran is an Adaptive God Eater which is a new powerful warrior to fight against…
Dying Light: Bad Blood, Battle-Royale Early Access This September
Techland's battle-royale game that is based in the Dying Light universe will be available to try thanks to Steam Early Acess from Septemeber on PC. Dying Light: Bad Blood is meant to be a " fast-paced competitive multiplayer title creatively blends PvP and PvE action while retaining the core of Dying…
Life Is Strange 2 Official Reveal Trailer Released By DontNod Entertainment
After the success of Life is Strange and Life is Strange: Before the Storm, fans of the series have anxiously awaited the reveal of Life is Strange 2, since it was teased earlier this year. Earlier today, DontNod Entertainment have uploaded the first official trailer of the long awaited sequel,…
Overclockers Kolink Horizon PC Case Pre-Order Ready
The new case from Kolink is now ready to pre-order over at overclockers UK which is the second full front tempered glass PC case. The case comes with four pre-installed dual ring RGB LED fans and have two LED rings that allow it to be illuminated from the front and back…
Humble Bundle Mid August 2018 Deals, Offers & Discounts
Welcome back hunters of the good deal and discount. It is now mid-August and Autumn is looming. So, what wonderful bundle offers are available over at Humble Bundle? Join us and find something to treat yourself with and help a charity at the same time. First up on the list…
Summoners War Berlin Regional Free Tickets & Participants Announced
Com2us publisher of mobile action RPG has opened up registration for this year's European regional tournament which takes place in Berlin, Germany on Septemeber 22nd, 2018. Players and fans will be able to sign up via Eventbrite for free tickets for admission to the event at no cost and the after…
Dark Souls Remastered Release Date For Nintendo Switch
Welcome back avid gamers. With the Nintendo Switch over a year old, the titles seem to keep pouring in. One of which is Dark Souls Remastered. The hardcore team at FromSoftware have finally revealed the the release date of this legendary title for the Switch. So, join us as we…
PlayStation Plus Update – August 2018
After releasing Zero Escape - Zero Time Dilemma and Heavy Rain as some of the gifts for their loyal subscribers last month, the next set of games to be released for free under the Instant Game Collection for PlayStation Plus for August 2018 have now been announced by Sony. To begin the…
Marvel's Spider-Man Has Officially Gone Gold
Fans of Marvel's web slinging superhero will be pleased to learn that earlier today, the latest video game adaption of Spider Man has reached gold status. For anyone who is not aware, going gold is when the game's development has reached it's conclusion and the final code is sent to be…
Xbox Live Games with Gold Update – August 2018
After releasing Death Squared and Splinter Cell Conviction as some of the gifts for Xbox Live Gold subscribers last month, the next set of games to be released for free under the Games With Gold promotion have now been announced by Microsoft. Xbox 360 owners will be treated to Dead Space 3…
Ni No Kuni II DLC Plans Detailed By Bandai Namco
When Ni No Kuni II's release date was announced last year, it was revealed that the game would also get a Season Pass, allowing access to future DLC for a discounted price. At the time, the developers did not go into any detail about what the new content would include,…
SDCC 2018 – New Marvel's Spider-Man Story Trailer Revealed
Although we have seen a few gameplay videos of Insomniac Games superhero action title Marvel's Spider-Man, very little attention has been focused on the game's storyline, aside from the cutscene montage shown at PGW 2017. Earlier today at SDCC, (San Diego Comic Con), Sony released an all new trailer showing…
Pokémon Let's Go Kanto Exploration Trailer Revealed
For the past few weeks, Pokémon fans all over the globe have been waiting for more news on the Pokémon Let's Go games that were revealed by Game Freak and Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch. Earlier today, an all new trailer which showed the various locations you will visit in…
3 New Board Games by Plaid Hat Games You Must Play
Welcome back board game enthusiasts. Are you wondering what new marvelous table tops activities to delve into? Fancy expanding upon your collection for those evenings with friends? Well, look no further. The wonderful Plaid Hat Games have a handful of new releases you might want to take a look at.…
First Spyro 2 Footage From Spyro Reignited Trilogy Revealed
If you have been keeping up to date with the various small updates posted by the official Spyro the Dragon Twitter account, you will have seen several videos revealing the beautiful graphics that Toys For Bob have created for Spyro Reignited Trilogy. Until earlier today, the developer had only allowed…
Bandai Namco Announce TOKYO GHOUL:re CALL to EXIST
Any avid anime fan has probably watched the ghoulish anime, Tokyo Ghoul based on the dark fantasy novel that has seen a lot of success outside of Japan with the main protagonist Kaneki Kei and others showing their masks in the newly announced title. Tokyo Ghoul:re Call to Exist will feature…


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Category : Rupert Grint
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|||#Servant#tobykebbell #rupertgrint BlackTree TV is a leading provider of entertainment content geared towards a diverse community...
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Rupert Grint, best known for his role as Ron Weasley in the Harry Potter movies thanked his fans for all the love he has received...


Happy Monday! Whew what a weekend we just had! Another successful Oktoberfest celebration in the books. It was a wonderful day on Saturday with family and friends in our home enjoying homebrew. The weather was fantastic. I couldn't have asked for more!
I was excited when I saw the two birds Inspiration Monday picture for today early last week as I was planning on wearing a similar sweater to my party, so now I have an excuse to share my Oktoberfest outfit here today! Here is Alessandra Ambrosio in a fabulous aztec sweater.
And here is my take on it! I found this awesome sweater at the thrift store a few weeks ago now and had been looking for a good excuse to wear it - I finally found one I guess! I was so cozy, especially while saddling up to the bonfire we had after the sun went down!
Oliver did pretty well for his first Oktoberfest celebration too. He hung in for the first couple of hours but then got pretty tired out so we sent him home with Nate's parents so he could sleep in a quieter house for awhile! We went back and got him after everything wrapped up as it wasn't too terribly late of a night.
It was a good time, nice to see people we haven't seen much in a while and we love sharing our love of homebrew with others. The clear winner was our apfelvien - which is almost more of a hard cider/wine than it is beer, but that seems to be the favorite every year! My personal favorite I think is our current raspberry porter, it's a nice roasty beer with raspberry flavor and it's so tasty! I'm glad we were able to pull off having our annual event after taking last year off. I missed it last year and I'm pretty impressed we could make this happen even with an active 10 month old at home! The best part - our house is now the cleanest it's been since before Oliver was born! I am hoping we'll keep that trend up, but who am I kidding?
For more Inspiration Monday looks, head on over to two birds over here!


Police have "solved" a decades-old missing person case — but the woman who vanished so long ago now has dementia and can't explain her own disappearance.
New York authorities never thought they would solve the 42-year-old missing person case of Flora Stevens, but then a state police investigator contacted the Sullivan County Sheriff's Office last month about some skeletal remains that might fit the vanished woman's profile.
Those skeletal remains pushed Sheriff's Detective Rich Morgan to look into whether Stevens — who was 36 when she disappeared — had any living relatives. By hunting through federal, state and local databases, he discovered someone was using Stevens' social security number in Massachusetts.
After a short drive up to Lowell, Massachusetts, Morgan and partner Detective Ed Clouse met Flora Harris, 78, in a local nursing home.
Harris recognized an old employee photograph of Stevens from the Concord Hotel, and the two police officers soon realized Stevens and Harris were the same woman — but much had changed.
"She doesn't speak in more than one or two words at a time," Sullivan County Undersheriff Eric Chaboty explained, noting that Stevens suffers from dementia. "But she looked at the ID and said, 'Me!'"
The struggle to communicate indicates a late middle stage or end stage form of dementia, according to the Alzheimer's Association.
But Chaboty said when investigators showed her old pictures of the Concord Hotel, Stevens lit up immediately.
"One of the things we talk about for late stage care is to find alternative ways to connect with them," said Beth Kallmyer, vice president of constituent services at the Alzheimer's Association. "They're still alive, they're still living here, so that helps make their quality of life better when you can find ways to connect with them. One way to do that is to look through old photos or to tell them about old memories or past events."
Stevens had spent time at nursing homes in New Hampshire and New York City, but the mental health records are relatively vague and no one is quite sure what caused her to leave the small New York town of Monticello 42 years ago, officials said. She has no living relatives who could fill police in, either, they said.
"The main thing is that we know that Flora is safe," said Sullivan County Sheriff Mike Schiff.


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Ron Radosh
Eugene D. Genovese: 1930-2012. Rest in Peace
By Ron Radosh Sep 28, 2012 6:52 PM ET
One of America's best historians, Eugene D. Genovese, passed away two days ago. He was one of my long-time friends. I knew him when both he and I considered ourselves Marxists, and his scholarship, integrity, forthrightness and outspoken and principled positions made him a figure that everyone had to contend with. Anyone who was lucky enough to have known Gene, even when at times they found themselves on opposite sides from him in a political battle, knows how much they learned from him, and how lucky they were to have had the chance to engage with him.
I will be writing a tribute to him for The Weekly Standard that appears one week from now. But those who want to know about his work and his passion for the truth, should consult the following sites for the first tributes. His family provided an obituary, which outlines the unique nature of his contributions to both scholarship and politics.
Perhaps the most moving tribute to his greatness is provided by Robert P. George, the Princeton University Professor of Jurisprudence and Politics and Director of the James Madison Center. Dr. George speaks eloquently and beautifully about Gene's vision and his life, and what in particular he delivered to our knowledge about the nature of the slave South in our country's past, as well as his fierce dedication to the truth that allowed him to break with the Left which for many years provided the framework for his life.
In The Chronicle of Higher Education, his friend and colleague, Mark Bauerlein, sums up Gene's contribution this way:
Genovese will be remembered for two things that don't often coexist in figures in our time. First, he was a scrupulous, diligent, and discerning scholar; his work on the antebellum South will stand as a monumental corpus for years to come. Second, outside the classroom and the archive, he was a vigorous partisan, sometimes confrontational, identifying political adversaries and hurling broadsides with Homeric force.
And in the libertarian magazine Reason, Jesse Walker writes that Gene was a "cultural conservative, a sympathetic interpreter of southern traditionalists, and a fierce critic of the academic left. By the P.C. wars of the early '90s, he was routinely categorized as a man of the right, even though he still considered himself a socialist; by the end of his life, he had contributed to National Review and spoken at the American Enterprise Institute." Walker is correct to note that at whatever stage Gene was in his political life, he always thought for himself, and never adhered to any party line.
There will be many more tributes as the news gets out of his passing. Gene Genovese was a major figure in American intellectual life, and a warm and decent human being. All of us who knew him will miss him dearly, and those who knew of him only from his writings, also understand what a great loss his passing is to the world of learning. He was, as Robert P. George so aptly says in the conclusion to his speech, a "truth-teller."
For media inquiries, please contact [email protected]
Ronald Radosh is an Adjunct Senior Fellow at The Hudson Institute, and a Prof. Emeritus of History at the City University of New York. He is the author or co-author of 14 books.
Read more by Ron Radosh


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Voting Kinky: The Politics of Ridicule
Sarah Lefton
"An Asshole from El Paso": Kinky Friedman
Kinky Friedman is out to save the world, in his words, "one governor at a time." He's out on this year's Texas campaign trail, running for Governor. Now, if you don't live in Texas, or aren't a country music fan, or hate mystery novels, or don't keep tabs on Jewish cowboys, you might be forgiven for not knowing who Kinky is. Perhaps a good introduction lies in his song:
I'm proud to be an asshole from El Paso
A place where sweet young virgins are deflowered.
You walk down the street knee-deep in tacos
Ta-ta-ta-tacos
And the wetbacks still get twenty cents an hour.
Kinky's been playing obnoxious country music ("Get your biscuits in the oven and your buns in the bed") since he formed his band, The Texas Jewboys, in the early 70s. He ante-dated Borat's Jew-pretending-to-be-an-antisemite shtick by over a decade in songs like "They Sure Don't Make Jews Like Jesus Anymore." He's known as a detective novelist (Bill Clinton and George W. Bush are both big fans) and an animal rights activist. And endearingly, he makes his home at Echo Hill, a Jewish summer camp his parents started in western Texas.
Granted, running as a Jew in an overwhelmingly Christian state has its rocky moments, and Kinky hopes no one remembers what he said about the Baptists ("They don't hold 'em under long enough"). He's got a platform: the "dewussification" of Texas, giving gay people the rights to get married and to be "as miserable as the rest of us," doing away with the death penalty, giving rights to illegal immigrants and getting the hell out of the way so that smart people can do their jobs. Defiant and at first blush, unserious, running with the campaign slogan, "Why the Hell Not?" his campaign reminds one of Jesse Ventura's surprisingly successful 1998 run in Minnesota.
Running for office in a modern, mediated society is a perhaps the most exhausting, expensive, demoralizing battle a person could possibly wage. Yet year after year, in democracies worldwide, marginalized, creative, activist dreamers arise and declare their candidacies against the entrenched power structure. In recent American history, we have enjoyed the spectacle of such moderately serious candidates as Kinky Friedman and Jesse Ventura, as well as Jello Biafra's amusing run for Mayor of San Francisco and Wavy Gravy's "Nobody for President" campaign. We've also seen the sharp satire of Michael Moore's 2000 FICUS for Congress campaign ("Because a Potted Plant can do No Harm").
"Electoral Guerilla Theatre": L.M. Bogad
L.M. Bogad, Assistant Professor of Theatre and Dance at UC Davis, has written a history of such campaigns in his new book,
Electoral Guerilla Theatre: Radical ridicule and social movements. Coining the term in title, the text begins with an academic survey of political thinkers who hold up the stage as an important venue for radical social change. This includes Soviet exile Mikhail Bakhtin, who claimed that the "carnivalesque" brings a kind of liberation to the lower class, insofar as "it is not a spectacle seen by the people; they live in it, and everyone participates." It also includes the German director Bertolt Brecht, who took the politics of stage theatrics one step further and dreamt of a theatre that actively alienated audiences, exposing class conflict and oppression. This notion of Verfremdungseffekt was likened to a hammer which could reshape society. Audiences were not meant to be swept away emotionally by what they saw on stage, but rather to be shocked into recognizing the truth.
Bogad has written an academic book that is clearly informed by both a passion for activism and an awareness of the fragility of social movements. Working with organizations like Billionaires for Bush, who stage ironic shows of faux upper-crust support for President Bush, and Reclaim the Streets, which is devoted to non-violent actions like illegal dance parties in the middle of public streets, his deep knowledge of the history of political theater has got to be an asset for those organizations. Overall, reading Electoral Guerilla Theatre is like taking a good course from a slightly verbose lecturer. A fascinating chunk of political history is uncovered and laced together in ways that seem useful to the reader as activist. The book is a good read, if not a toolbox, for those involved in street performance as political action, and anyone planning a campaign to promote marginalized issues or populations. It is also an interesting commentary on the theater, particularly for readers who typically don't like their politics mixed with their drama habit. Regardless of whether or not you've studied theater academically, Bogad's case studies illustrate how actions onstage, with or without the curtain, can create public awareness of inequity, and lead to concrete change. Of course sometimes, the acting falls flat, the reviews are terrible, and the audience rolls its eyes with disdain.
Despite the theatrical polemics and academic musing, however, Bogad asks readers vital questions. What happens when those on the fringes of society – bright, talented and organized – are still not taken seriously by the mainstream? Can they possibly hope to join the civic conversation about issues like housing, racism, public transportation? Will the nightly news report the views of anarchists, queers and communists? Can they join their less-articulate, better-funded and better-dressed competition on the floor of national political conventions? Experience tells us no, and that those on the far left in particular – who favor consensus-driven decision-making and prioritize local community over international politics – are doomed to being shut out of high level media conversations about society.
Despite ridicule by the mainstream, sometimes, these fringe forces rise up and use that very ridicule to get their message across. Taking a stand in intentionally ludicrous ways, they rally behind drag queens, street performers and the occasional ficus. Bogad, in his book, takes us into three fascinating histories of theatrical activists who made their mark on society through very different candidacies: in Chicago, in Sydney, and in Amsterdam.
"Rituals of legitimization for extant corrupt political structures": Joan JettBlakk
Joan JettBlakk, the creation and "soul sister" of Chicagoan Terence Smith, is a queer black drag queen who dons a masculine look in her dresses and fishnets. No fake breasts here; she's interested in gender confusion, not illusion.
Queer Nation/Chicago, an activist group that JettBlakk co-founded, asked Joan to run for Chicago's 1991 mayoral race, for just the final three weeks of the campaign, in order to attract as much visibility as possible to queer life in Chicago. An absurd as idea as it was to run a drag queen against the Chicago Daley dynasty, Queer Nation bristled at the easygoing re-election farce and became determined to disrupt it however they could. JettBlakk rolled with the absurdity and embraced her freedom as a preposterous candidate to make speeches about universal healthcare, lowering taxes, the abolishment of parking tickets and the advent of gay marriage. In her own words, "Fuck Dick Daley, with my dick, daily."
Was this queen really running for mayor? Of course not -- but the visibility that her campaign brought to queer people and ideas in the local media was irresistible, and so Queer Nation decided to extend the farce towards the race for the U.S. Presidency. The purpose was not just to force mainstream journalists to address issues of queer identity, but to radically force a clash of ideas with gay community leaders less inclined to rock the boat of social norms.
Most minority groups struggle between separatist and assimilationist forces. Presumably the latter camp has the larger constituency, with most folks just fighting for civil rights and decent lifestyle. Yet those on the edges often make the most noise. Queer Nation made a hell of a lot of noise, rejecting the notion that LGBT people were just like anyone else. Moderates can argue, for instance, that gay marriage is an idea whose time has come, but Queer Nation would more likely decry the institution at large, arguing that it is corrupt, heterosexist and inappropriate in a modern diverse society. Employing camp to decry such institutions and illuminate their social pain, JettBlakk used the pun "camp-pain" to describe her "campaign."
JettBlakk and Queer Nation were well aware of their place in the history of political theater and referred occasionally to related campaign.
"A lot of people say that…I became an art piece instead of a candidate, but one of the things I had in my mind the whole time I was doing it was that this was always a performance piece. It was always a prank…Jello Biafra ran for Mayor and Abbie Hoffman had some wonderful things to say about ways to fuck with the government and I really believe that running for President was a great prank to pull on everyone." (JettBlakk, 1992.)
Drag candidacy was not about winning. It was about using the electoral process to draw attention to its own absurdity and point out the unfairness of there being only as anointed few on the floor of the Democratic National Convention? After all, should wearing a wig and Cleopatra-esque makeup mean you can't get into Madison Square Garden? Why should those disillusioned with the two major parties have their votes wasted? As guerilla campaigns satirically imitate the format of real ones, in Bogad's words, "they become more about the central celebrity and less about the affinity group." For example, JettBlakk marched in St. Patrick's Day parades, crashed formal galas to parade with other candidates, and appeared on the floor of the Democratic National Convention in her "Lick Bush in '92" push, all the time dolled up in hot wigs and seven-inch high heels. (Bogad spills a lot of ink on these fashion details.) What was JettBlakk's platform?
"My platforms, why tell you about them when you can see them for
yourself? There they are, I walk on them every day. I'd like to see
Bill (Clinton) wear these."
Top image: Kinky Friedman. Bottom image: Joan JettBlakk
CONTINUED 1 | 2 Next »
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tez Trial and Execution puts leitmotifs together nicely in an organic sounding fashion. the back choir is a nice touch and the pacing is very clean along with the general mixing of all the tracks.
Favorite track: Trial and Execution.
kevin_r Absolutely wonderful album, and while the first track is easily my favorite, the rest of the album is just as good. Favorite track: Black Rose / Green Sun.


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Home › Love Motivates Quotes
Love Motivates Quotes
Enjoy reading and share 34 famous quotes about Love Motivates with everyone.
"Well, love motivates me in everything I do."
— Vin Diesel —
"Maybe I'm deceiving myself. Perhaps I don't know him as well as I'd like to imagine. What does a person so willing to utterly remake himself hold inside his heart? Can I trust such a man? What motivates him?
In an instant she knew, and she felt a bit of relief.
Love. Love was what drove him."
— David Bowles
"We love our enemies, do good to those who hate us, bless those who curse us, extend kindness to the ungrateful, and flood evil people with mercy not because such behavior will always work at confronting injustice, but because such behavior showcases God's stubborn delight in un-delightful people. Faithfulness rather than perceived effectiveness motivates our response to evil."
— Preston Sprinkle
"People who love us are the people who will listen and understand our juice expression, which supports our struggle, gently admonish us when we are wrong, forgive us when we fail, motivates us to optimize the potential and even more amazing is he celebrating our success as celebrating though."
— Rifhi Siddiq
"If hate motivates your life, you'll never know the meaning of true love"
— Gaiven Clairmont
"Love is an inspiration. It moves you. It motivates you. It keeps you going."
— Dee Dee Artner
"That love motivates you to cooperate, respect, appreciate, cherish, and admire that person."
— John Gray
"I am not a one-issue voter in the sense that indicates I am an ignorant fundamentalist who only cares about one thing. I believe in protecting the environment. I believe in caring for the poor, the orphan, the widow in her distress. These are some of the so-called "issues" that many of us use to justify voting for Obama. How can we possibly claim it is Christian love for the poor and helpless that motivates us to vote for such a man when he is so committed to the killing of the most helpless among us?"
— Joseph Bayly
"Lack of love from parents often motivates their children to go searching for love in other relationships. This search is often misguided and leads to further disappointment."
— Gary Chapman
"Fear motivates, more than love or ambition or joy. Fear is more powerful than anything else in the world. I have spent so long yearning for things-for love, for acceptance-that I do not really need. I need nothing except the submission that comes with fear. I do not know why it took me so long to learn this."
— Marie Lu
"Love motivates self-less jealousy. God is jealous on our behalf. He is jealous for us to know the One True God. He is jealous for us to be in a posture of blessing. He is jealous for us to be kept from the evil one. He is jealous for us to be ready for our Bridegroom. Jealousy for someone's best is of God. Jealousy of someone's best is of the enemy."
— Beth Moore
"Football is a great love because I was born into a family of players and therefore born into football. I'm fortunate to have a style of play that a lot of people like. It's a privilege to be able to do what I like best and in my own way, but I'm fortunate that people like it, and that motivates me even more."
— Ronaldinho
"In parallel with the development of my interests in technical gadgetry I began to acquire a profound love of and respect for the natural world which motivates my scientific thinking to this day."
— Robert B. Laughlin
"What job a fascinating view does, apart from fascinating you? It does this: It perfectly motivates you to love existence much more than you can love!"
— Mehmet Murat Ildan
"I think what motivates people is not great hate, but great love for other people."
— Huey Newton
"I don't love the whole Hollywood mentality, but I do love the weather and how motivated everyone is around here. It motivates me to make fun music."
— Charlie Puth
"Perhaps it is not love that motivates effective altruists but empathy, the ability to put oneself in the position of others and identify with their feelings or emotions. Writers like de Waal and Jeremy Rifkin have seized on the idea of empathy as, to use de Waal's words, "the grand theme of our time."4 Rifkin believes that civilization has spread the reach of empathy beyond the family and the community so that it covers all of humankind."
— Peter Singer
"To love a person is to know and love the person. But we can pick up an enormous amount about another human being just by exchanging a couple of sentences. It's not yet knowledge; it's an intuition that motivates you to want to find out more."
— Nathaniel Branden
— Vin Diesel
"I love to hear about ordinary people's lives and interests and what motivates them."
— Jane Clayson
"Love is the bridge that leads from the I sense to the We, and there is a paradox about personal love. Love of another individual opens a new relation between the personality and the world. The lover responds in a new way to nature and may even write poetry. Love is affirmation; it motivates the yes responses and the sense of wider communication. Love casts out fear, and in the security of this togetherness we find contentment, courage. We no longer fear the age-old haunting questions: "Who am I?" "Why am I?" "Where am I going?" - and having cast out fear, we can be honest and charitable."
— Carson McCullers
"Everything that motivates living creatures is based on
some weakness or flaw. Hunger motivates animals. Lust
motivates animals. Fear and pain motivate animals. A God
would have none of those impulses. Humans are driven by
all of our animal passions plus loftier-sounding things like
self-actualization and creativity and freedom and love"
— Scott Adams
"When we work so hard at our preparations for Christmas, we often feel cheated and frustrated when others fail to notice the results of our efforts. We need to ask ourselves why we are doing the things we choose to do. If love motivates us-love for our families, for our neighbors - then we are free to simply enjoy the actual process of what we do, rather than requiring the approval and admiration of others for the results of our labors."
— Ellyn Sanna
"What motivates me is to be able to do what I love to do ... fight"
— Anderson Silva
"What motivates me is the chance to improve the world in my own special way; to contribute to the fight that all artists are fighting. I want to hold the mirror up to society and help them see themselves more clearly. I also love just making people laugh."
— Jinkx Monsoon
"The huge amount of love and support I've been receiving, whether it's in the fashion industry itself or on social media, truly warms my heart and motivates me to be a voice for all the women out there."
— Maria Borges
"I still let myself be a fan of music and that motivates me to want to be better than certain people or just getting the same love. Nothing is new under the sun so you cant be afraid to take things from others and try to flip them and make them your own at the end of the day."
— Kid Ink
"To me business is a sport. I love knowing that 24x7x365xforever I'm competing with people I don't know. To build my businesses. To come up with new ideas. To come up with better ideas. That motivates me."
— Mark Cuban
"I love the competitive aspect of it [business]. It's like playing chess. Why do people play chess? Knowing the realm of moves? Even when you get to be a chess master, there are other chess masters you want to beat or outperform. And to me business is just a sport that I love to compete in; a continuous intellectual challenge that really motivates me."
"The desire to transcend one's own ego boundaries, to share completely, even for a moment, the consciousness of another person must be a universal longing. It motivates many of our activities from taking drugs to making love, and lies behind the search for new ways of getting close to one another that is so intense in our society today."
— Andrew Weil
"Love is the spirit that motivates the artist's journey. The love may sublime, raw, obsessive, passionate, awful. or thrilling, but whatever its quality, it's a powerful motive in the artist's life."
— Eric Maisel
"Only real love of the infinite will motivate you. While pain motivates, once we feel comfortable and the pain has stopped, we'll stop evolving. Love is a far superior spiritual vehicle."
— Frederick Lenz
"We lump together all things that are beyond the capacity of all of us collectively to understand-and one name we give to all those things together is God. Therefore, God is the creative force, the sustaining power, that which motivates toward constant change, the overall intelligence which governs the universe by physical and spiritual law, truth, love, goodness, kindness, beauty, the ever-present, all-pervading essence or spirit, which binds everything in the universe together and gives to everything in the universe.."
— Peace Pilgrim
"Just because science can't in practice explain things like the love that motivates a poet to write a sonnet, that doesn't mean that religion can. It's a simple and logical fallacy to say, 'If science can't do something therefore religion can.'"
— Richard Dawkins
"Nothing matters more to the future of this Nation than insuring that our young men and women learn to believe in themselves and believe in their dreams, and that they develop this capacitythat you develop this capacity, so that you keep it all of your lives. I believe one of Americas most priceless assets is the idealism which motivates the young people of America. My generation has invested all that it has, not only its love but its hope and faith, in yours."
— Richard M. Nixon
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