The installation requires 3 screws and 3 wires.
skyBeacon features a UAT (978MHz) transmitter and specially designed blade antenna. The design minimizes installation error and antenna placement issues.
A built-in WAAS GPS provides skyBeacon with rule compliant position data for ADS-B transmission. No additional wiring or external GPS antenna mounting is required.
The integrated altitude encoder does not require connection to the aircraft static pressure system. Instead, skyBeacon benefits from being mounted in an ideal altitude sensing location, and contains Continuous Calibration™ technology. This patent pending technology automatically and continuously calibrates the integrated altitude encoder for correspondence with the aircraft transponder's altitude encoder, allowing compliant operations in remote and challenging environments.
Extremely efficient LED position and anti-collision lighting complete the skyBeacon package.
The skyBeacon mobile application allows installers to easily configure the ICAO address, emitter type, aircraft length, width and GPS offsets by accessing the aircraft registration information stored online. No cables, no serial ports, no confusing menus.
The port (left) 301 fairing is now available. Please note the following list assumes the factory wingtip configuration.
The port (left) 302 fairing will begin shipping early 2019.
My aircraft is not on the AML, how can I install the skyBeacon?
Installing the skyBeacon on an aircraft not listed on the AML is approved by the FAA. A field approval is not required. Under the FAA Memo titled "Installation Approval for ADS-B OUT Systems," the FAA explains that after an STC is achieved for ADS-B OUT equipment, additional installations can be accomplished on aircraft not listed under the AML STC by an A&P with Inspection Authorization (IA) so long as the installation does not require airframe modification.
Why doesn't the Monitor screen in the mobile app reflect the changes I've made?
In some cases with certain devices, the mobile data feature must be disabled to configure the skyBeacon. Some devices like the Motorola Moto lineup frequently display this behavior. We are tracking this issue and working on a resolution.
Do I need the internet to configure the skyBeacon or tailBeacon?
No, you do not need the internet or an internet connection while configuring the skyBeacon. The "Wi-Fi" connection is simply a radio signal that connects the skyBeacon application on your mobile device to the skyBeacon. You will see a warning of "no internet connection," but that doesn't matter because you are not trying to connect to the internet; you are using the Wi-Fi radio signal as a connection for the mobile app to communicate with the skyBeacon.
Is skyBeacon eligible for the FAA ADS-B rebate?
The certified skyBeacon is eligible for the FAA rebate. In order to select the skyBeacon you'll need to set the data link option on the rebate form to UAT, and choose uAvionix skyBeacon TSO as the ADS-B transmitter. An example of the rebate form is shown below.
skyBeacon is designed to be a direct replacement for the common navigation light or nav/strobe found on many aircraft. skyBeacon has the form factor and installation characteristics of a traditional Grimes style teardrop shaped wingtip navigation light.
skyBeacon is a direct replacement for the lights shown below (as an example).
After the outer cover screw is removed the mounting base for the lights shown above will have the same 3 hole mounting pattern as skyBeacon. See installation manual for full details.
It is recommended that you download the skyBeacon installation and user instructions and carefully check the installation template with the aircraft prior to purchase ensuring that the skyBeacon will fit your aircraft.
Does skyBeacon work with tip tanks?
We do not currently recommend skyBeacon be installed on aircraft with fuel tanks commonly referred to as tip tanks which were popular additions to some aircraft. Tip tanks or other large obstructions on the wing may negatively impact GPS performance. For guidance on fitment and installation submit a photo of your wingtip along with the year, manufacturer and model to support@uavionix.com.
What do you mean by tip tank?
What about integral tanks in the wingtip?
Wingtips with normal profiles are fine for skyBeacon. The integral tanks on most Piper aircraft are not a concern and should be compatible with skyBeacon.
My wingtips don't work with skyBeacon. What are my options?
The tailBeacon ADS-B out solution is now available for Experimental aircraft. A TSO version is also planned for release. The tailBeacon is a direct replacement for the common rear position light.
There are several wingtip manufacturers offering Cessna and Piper wingtips to improve performance and support new lighting configurations. In many cases, new wingtips can lower your stall speed and add tangible performance improvements. One such manufacturer is Stene Aviation.
Can I install skyBeacon as the owner of the aircraft?
Light Sport Aircraft: With manufacturer approval.
Certified Aircraft: You cannot install skyBeacon unless you have Inspection Authority for your aircraft. We recommend you contact an avionics installation facility or your regular Inspection Authorization (IA). Most IAs, aircraft maintenance facilities, and/or repair stations are also qualified to install skyBeacon. Please note that the installation must be tested to verify proper configuration and operation.
Who can install the skyBeacon?
For certified aircraft, the skyBeacon must at the very least be installed by an Airframe and Powerplant mechanic (A&P) and the installation must be reviewed and approved (signed off) by an IA. Part 145 shops and facilities with avionics expertise will optimize timely installation and downtime in addition to reducing overall cost.
The skyBeacon has been designed to be a simple installation. Please see the Installation Manual and Pilot's Guide for full instructions. The installation process is to first remove the existing left-hand wingtip light. Connect the skyBeacon using the three wires as per the installation instructions and use the three screws to attach the skyBeacon to the wingtip. After the mechanical installation is completed the SkyBeacon must be configured using the SkyBeacon mobile application for Android or iOS.
A typical skyBeacon installation will take an installer around 1 hour – this is the time taken for the physical installation of the skyBeacon to the aircraft and the paperwork needed to sign off the installation. Please note that all aircraft are different, especially older aircraft that have been modified for other STC's. This can potentially affect the installation time. This is why it is extremely important to discuss the installation with a certified avionics shop or A&P or IA.
How is the installation tested to ensure it meets the FAA Requirements?
Once the skyBeacon has been installed it is required that the equipment be tested to show it meets the FAA requirements for ADS-B OUT. An Operational Flight Evaluation (often referred to as a performance flight) must be performed and verified by the FAA. Additionally, the installer may verify performance on the ground using an ADS-B ramp test set.
Ramp Test Equipment (ref. section 91.407(c)). Use ramp test equipment (e.g. Aeroflex IFR6000) to verify proper system configuration and compliance with section 91.227 equipment performance requirements.
Operational Flight Evaluation: See next FAQ titled: What does the Operational Flight Evaluation Consist Of?
What does the Operational Flight Evaluation consist of?
Do the aircraft position/nav lights need to remain on during all operations?
Does the TCAS limitation apply to my aircraft?
The only impacted aircraft are those with active (interrogating) TCAS systems. These systems provide aural resolution advisories, and will generally be marked as TSO-C119. TCAS systems are required for Part 135 operations on large turbine powered aircraft.
Aircraft equipped with TIS or ADS-B In systems for traffic awareness are NOT impacted. Also not impacted are TCAS-like systems such as the Skywatch 497. ADS-B receivers providing data to a G1000, ForeFlight or other moving maps provide an additional level of situational awareness but they are NOT TCAS systems. There is no limitation on installing skyBeacon alongside these systems.
How is my device protected from theft?
The certified skyBeacon and tailBeacon feature a unique password secured configuration interface via Wi-Fi. A user must enter the password to change the device configuration including the aircraft ICAO and callsign. The password is unique to the device, and once configured, cannot be reconfigured for another aircraft without that password. The password is essentially an anti-theft key, and should be kept secure with aircraft record. There are no external markings or indications on the skyBeacon or tailBeacon to indicate the password.
uAvionix will be able to provide the password if lost provided proof of purchase can be validated.
My questions have not been answered, where do I go for support?
We suggest you read the TSO manual located here. If you still have questions please send an e-mail to support@uavionix.com and we'd be glad to help.
Will skyBeacon meet the U.S. ADS-B 2020 mandate?
Yes, skyBeacon will meet the 2020 ADS-B requirements when paired with an operational Mode C or Mode S transponder. skyBeacon meets or exceeds all required performance and environmental standards for use in the national airspace. The certified skyBeacon will ship with 5 separate TSO certifications.
Will skyBeacon work outside the U.S.?
No, skyBeacon transmits on UAT (978MHz). The UAT (978MHz) frequency is only approved for use in the United States below FL180 (18,000′). For international travel or flight above FL180, a 1090ES transponder is required.
Will there be a version with strobes?
All skyBeacon products now ship with an LED strobe. Note: Early experimental versions of skyBeacon did not have the strobe installed.
What about a matching version for the starboard (right) wing?
We've felt it most important to focus on the products that help you meet your mandate deadline, and we will be following up with starboard side options.
For the experimental/LSA aircraft owners – we already offer skySensor – a starboard side ADS-B IN receiver and position/strobe light. Currently, these are available online and through our resellers.
We will not be certifying skySensor, but we will be producing a certified starboard side matching light called skyLight in Q1. We will be offering bundle pricing but will extend the discount to customers who have already purchased skyBeacon. Reserve your rebate, get skyBeacon installed – don't wait for skyLight – we'll get it taken care of for you.
Will there be a version with aft (rear) position lights?
At this time there is not a wingtip mounted version with integrated rear position lights in development.
There is a replacement rear position light without strobe in development under the working name tailBeacon.
Don't see the answer to your question? Feel free to contact us.


In this guide we're going to look at the Top 5 best VPN choices for use in the Netherlands which will ultimately help you make a buying decision in an ever crowded market.
The Netherlands is generally unrestricted when it comes to internet access but recent developments have seen torrent site The Pirate Bay and others blocked on some of the leading ISPs such as Xs4all and Ziggo.
Aside from the obvious blocked websites issue there are further copyright issues due to the organisation BREIN that could see you face legal action if you accidentally access copyright material.
While the Netherlands has a much more open and free internet access than many other countries there is the continued concern over government monitoring across nations in the EU and so it is imperative that if you live in the Netherlands you take steps to protect your online privacy.
Below we've rounded up the Top 5 VPN services for use in the Netherlands.
IPVanish has a huge presence in the Netherlands with over 66 VPN servers in Amsterdam alone. It's actually one of the most well supported countries out of their entire network.
With the Netherlands being an internet hub for much of Europe speeds on the service are excellent making it possible to download and stream large video without interruption.
Apps are available for both Android and iOS mobile and tablet devices with software for Windows and Mac computers. There is even an Amazon app which works well with both the Fire TV and Fire TV Stick. You'll especially appreciate the Amazon app if you're a Kodi user because you can protect what you stream.
Torrent access is allowed on the service and you can connect to plenty of nearby countries to access blocked websites. In fact, there are more than 60 countries across the world that have VPN servers so there is plenty of choices.
NordVPN is great for use in the Netherlands purely because of the staggering amount of features they have available tailored to Netherlands use.
As well as having a huge number of standard servers in the Netherlands they also have additional specialist servers. The first is their double-hop servers that pass your data through two different locations from the Netherlands to Russia, Sweden, Switzerland or the United Kingdom.
They also offer the double hop service in the opposite direction from the four mentioned countries ending up in the Netherlands. The double-hop servers give you an added layer of protection passing your data through two countries and in the case of Switzerland and Russia even outside the EU.
VPN servers over Tor are also available in the Netherlands which are one of only three locations in the world to offer this service. Additionally there are servers specifically for P2P use, dedicated IP servers and obfuscated servers all available in the Netherlands.
ExpressVPN also offers good support in the Netherlands being one of few providers that offer servers outside Amsterdam. Both Amsterdam and Rotterdam servers are available on the service giving you additional choice.
With servers and virtual locations in over 94 countries across the world ExpressVPN has one of the biggest range of choice when it comes to connection points. If you want to unblock services from a specific country then they're one of the best options.
Our favourite feature of the service is the huge 30-day money back guarantee that is available. It allows you to test the service in the Netherlands risk free and if you find it's not suitable then you can easily get a refund.
Apps are available for all Android and Apple mobile and tablet devices and there is software for Windows and Mac laptop and computer systems. There is an additional Ubuntu Linux client so you're covered too if you're an advanced user.
If you're an advanced user and you're looking for multiple encryption options then VPN.ac should definitely be your first port of call. They offer advanced encryption options such as OpenVPN-256 bit, OpenVPN XCC and OpenVPN XOR.
There aren't quite as many server locations across the world which is one of the only negatives of the service but it's definitely a case of quality over quantity. We found the service to have some of the fastest speeds we've seen and with 16 servers in the Netherlands you're certainly not under-resourced for local connection.
A good range of double-hop VPN servers is available across the world with US east coast to the Netherlands and UK to the Netherlands being some of the local options.
VPN.ac is a little expensive if you opt to pay monthly but if you commit to a full year service then they actually become one of the cheapest services.
Proxy.sh is one of the leading VPN services for privacy features.
The offer a wealth of additional features such as a warrant canary and transparency policy which give added protection if you're a user of their service. They also offer the ability to change your login details to token based so even Proxy.sh themselves don't have any details of who you are when accessing their service.
Like VPN.ac above they are one of only a few providers to offer advanced encryption modes such as XCC and XOR so if you value your encryption choices then they make a good option.
Servers are available in over 57 countries with more than 16 servers available in the Netherlands alone. One nice feature is you can connect to an individual server if you wish.
Proxy.sh is registered in the Seychelles which puts the company outside EU regulation and away from countries which are part of the five-eyes spying group.
All that's left to do now is choose one of the above 5 providers and sign-up.
They're all suitable for use in the Netherlands so you really can't go wrong no matter which you end up choosing. Just select one, sign-up and enjoy privacy protection and a free and open internet access in the Netherlands.


The view looking north up Bluff beach on the east side of the island.
We had the pleasure of spending two weeks in Bocas del Toro, Panama. For us it was a very laid back visit. We did do a couple of great days of diving, but other than that we focused on exploring the townsite and surrounding area. I have to be honest, Bocas is not an area I would consider living full time, but as a holiday destination I think it is well worth the effort to get to. Bocas del Toro is all about the surfing, and as we don't surf we obviously were not getting everything out of the area we could have. There are plenty of diving opportunities (see previous blog) around the islands if that is something that interests you.
We rented a condo at Bocas Condos. An excellent location run by Jim, a fine gentleman who goes out of his way to make sure you are happy. As well I have to mention that it had the fastest internet we had experienced thus far in Central America, a very nice surprise.
It is not unusual to see someone disposing of garbage by burning it in their front yard, in town.
The nice think about the smoke from the fire is it kept the chickens in the coop quiet.
One of the joys of staying right in the centre of town is you get exposed to how some of the locals live. Things like combustable garbage disposal. We found it not unusual to see a small fire burning garbage in someone's yard. Or our personal favourite, the chained up dog barking incessantly in the yard next door. Those items aside, we enjoyed our time in Bocas. There were plenty of stores to get your groceries at reasonable prices. The selection of restaurants is outstanding. We cooked most of our own food, but had the pleasure of discovering a couple of excellent restaurants.
Enjoying a delicious curry at one of my favourite restaurants in Bocas, La Mariposa.
My personal favourite was La Mariposa, fantastic curry and very friendly staff. Jim also directed us toward Pin Up restaurant. A great little place with incredible thin crust pizza and cheap beer.
Pin Up Restaurant is a fantastic place. Incredible pizza with a cool breeze blowing through, and low prices.
When our clippers finally died I was forced for the first time in 25 years to find a barber. The Wizard was the place to go. Great price while the barber sang and danced while he cuts your hair.
Great place to get that hair cut done while you are in Bocas.
Always a ready smile and a song while he works.
To look a bit further about we rented bikes and went for a ride up the east side of the island. Our goal was a place called Bluff Beach. When we arrived we found a gorgeous beach with perhaps a dozen people on it. There were some surfers out enjoying the waves as well. The surf is way too strong to enjoy just going for a swim in the water, but just relaxing and enjoying the views was wonderful.
Rented a couple of bikes from Panther Bikes for $10US for the day.
The road at times was partially washed out. If you chose to drive there a 4×4 would be a good idea.
Biked up to Bluff Beach and enjoyed the area.
In town there are dozens of bars to enjoy. Our preference were those that had seats out over the water. It is therapeutic to enjoy a refreshment while watching boats cruising back and forth over the waterway.
Lots of nice bars with seats out over the water.
Beautiful views of the busy waterway off the south end of the island.
Curl up in a chair and watch the world go by while you enjoy a Balboa.
Bocas Brewery, great place for a darker more flavourful beer.
Bocas del Toro is a great place to unwind and relax. If you want a 5 star resort I would look elsewhere, but if you want to interact with locals and enjoy some surfing or diving, come on down.
Watching the activities in the neighbourhood.


When it's down to the wire for Christmas shopping (and it is), I usually still have quite a few stocking stuffers to buy. And to find those small gifts, I like to visit local sporting goods stores. 1: Sporting goods stores may have more customers than usual, but typically they aren't teeming with last-minute shoppers quite like big box stores. And 2: A lot of outdoor items are the perfect size for stocking stuffers.
I don't have any children of my own, but I currently stuff Christmas stockings for two adults who are dear to my heart, and fortunately, both of them enjoy spending time in the outdoors. And honestly, even if they didn't like the outdoors, I would ever-so-subtly encourage them to embrace the wilderness with some outdoorsy stocking stuffers.
Since there's only one week left until Christmas, I thought I'd help you out (if you celebrate the merry holiday). I'm going to share a bit of my shopping knowledge.
Winter hat (fleece-lined is good) – $15-25?
I could go on, but I can't sit here all day. I need to actually finish my own holiday shopping. I'll leave you with one last trick, to be used only when it's really getting down to the wire: The bigger the item, the more space it takes up in the stocking. That's right. Get those bulky socks. Fluff them up a little bit.


text:
Global Leader Uses RFID To Improve Manufacturing Process
A global leader with increasing demand for their products entrusted Metalcraft and CDO Technologies to collaborate on a solution to increase traceability and accuracy. The goal was to improve efficiency and profitability through automating work-in-process operations, using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID).
With orders increasing, the global leader considered the opportunity to streamline its manufacturing processes, ensuring accurate and on-time product delivery. It was decided to adopt RFID into its work-in-process procedures. This shifted log-in and data entry at each phase from manual to automated. Under their former method of Labor Reporting, when the product manufactured was moving through each assembly station an employee had to stop what they were doing, go to a computer, and report the quantity in the right operation. This took around 10 minutes per product, per assembly line. In addition, because of manual transactions, it was possible to report in a wrong operation or incorrect job, report an operation twice, or skip completely reporting in an operation.
Any of these issues impacted the inventory quantities and transactions, leading to shortages and inaccurate inventory levels reported. The result was more time and money spent ordering more inventory, filling an order, and rushing jobs for the components needed.
The global leader reached out to Metalcraft, an industry leader in RFID tag manufacturing, who helped guide them in selecting the proper tag for their processes. Metalcraft ensured the tag construction and RFID components would work in their environment and deliver all necessary information. This is the first step in laying the foundation for automation and is key to successful integration.
CDO Technologies maintains an excellent reputation with Metalcraft and was first on their short-list of companies that could help the company reach their goals. CDO worked with the global leader to install, implement, and integrate their Critical Asset Tracking System (CATS) with the already-existing system. CDO designed the workflow process and worked with the global leader to develop the ERP integration and validate the transactions.
Working together, they simulated the workflow by manually moving an RFID tag in front of the readers, then performing the integration and labor reporting expected to happen during normal transactions. Once tested and validated, the team was ready to implement the solution in an assembly line and test-run before deploying throughout the facility. CDO installed the initial readers while the global leader organized meetings with their Value Stream Managers to inform them about the changes and assist in training the team. They ran the new test-line in production for one month, monitoring the processes closely to detect errors. CDO worked with them to smooth over any kinks in the system, ensuring the new custom system ran at its highest level of efficiency. They adjusted the readers to eliminate any inefficiencies, and after one month of monitoring and learning, the team was ready to deploy the solution to all assembly lines.
Within three months, CDO finished implementation and integration of asset tracking with the global leader's system. With CDO's help, they gained the ability to auto-fill log-in information at every step by using RFID tags and the asset tracking system. Not only did the integration save time by eliminating the manual log-in step, it also auto-filled the materials used on each piece, eliminating human error from the invoicing process.
In addition to inventory transaction accuracy, implementation of the RFID and CATS system eliminated approximately 10 minutes of worktime per each product spent by an employee in front of a computer. This translates cumulatively into eight to nine workhours saved daily. With Metalcraft's RFID tag expertise and CDO Technologies' system integration, the global leader increased production visibility, inventory accuracy and reduced labor reporting errors.
The source of many issues the global leader had previously experienced was in forgetting to report the labor at a station, which was generating "Late Operations." Late Operations is a Key Performance Indicator which corrects labor time reporting on a task. The global leader had previously needed to track Late Operations daily to ascertain their reports matched the work completed. Implementation of the RFID system eliminated the need for Late Operations by auto-filling parts and labor for the tasks at each station. RFID implementation with the CDO Critical Asset Tracking System also helped the global leader eliminate another KPI they previously encountered, "Shortages." Shortages resulted from a failure to accurately report the operations. Specifically, a labor reporting error meant the system was not depleting the inventory for the components physically used in the workflow, hence creating a false positive and not triggering accurate replenishment actions. As Shortages were discovered, rushed orders for inventory increased along with other unnecessary complications. Utilizing the power of an RFID enabled system eliminated such shortages.
Streamlining the work-in-processes through asset tracking was just the beginning. CDO added additional value by assisting the global leader with evaluating their production processes flow from a fresh perspective and identifying opportunities to further increase workflow efficiencies using asset identification and management software.
The collaboration of Metalcraft and CDO Technologies resulted in saved time and money, as well as the confidence that the global leader's continued success will be supported by their custom-built RFID solution.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Quiznos has BOGO Buy 1 Get 1 Free Pulled Pork subs tomorrow!
Choose from our Southern Style BBQ Pulled Pork and Spicy Chipotle BBQ Pulled Pork sandwiches. Can't decide which one you want? Try both!
No coupon required. Not valid on deliveries. Free pulled pork sub is of equal or lesser value than purchased pulled pork sub. Limit 10 free subs.
Offer is valid Tuesday, August 1, 2017 at all Canadian Quiznos locations.
Click here to find a Quiznos store near you.


text:
Statutes (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2007
Part I AMENDMENTS TO WRITTEN LAWS RELATING TO RECORD-KEEPING
2 Amendment of Charities Act
3 Amendment of Income Tax Act
4 Amendments to other written laws
5 Transitional provision
Part II AMENDMENTS TO WRITTEN LAWS RELATING TO INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
6 Amendment of Patents Act
7 Amendment of Plant Varieties Protection Act
Part III AMENDMENTS TO OTHER WRITTEN LAWS
8 Amendment of Boundaries and Survey Maps Act
9 Amendment of Criminal Procedure Code
10 Amendment of Immigration Act
11 Amendment of Land Surveyors Act
12 Amendment of Parliamentary Elections Act
13 Amendment of Public Transport Council Act
14 Amendment of Public Utilities Act
15 Amendment of Road Traffic Act
16 Amendment of Subordinate Courts Act
17 Amendment of Supreme Court of Judicature Act
18 Amendment of Women's Charter
THE SCHEDULE Amendments to Other Written Laws Relating to Record-keeping
Published in Acts Supplement on 12 Feb 2007
NO. 1] Friday, February 16 [2007
The following Act was passed by Parliament on 22nd January 2007 and assented to by the President on 1st February 2007:—
S R NATHAN
1st February 2007.
Date of Commencement: 1st March 2007 with the exception of Sections 6, 8 and 11
Date of Commencement: 1st April 2007 Section 6
Date of Commencement: 2nd May 2007 Sections 8 and 11
An Act to amend certain statutes of the Republic of Singapore.
1.—(1) This Act may be cited as the Statutes (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 2007 and shall, with the exception of sections 2 and 3, come into operation on such date as the Minister may, by notification in the Gazette, appoint.
(2) Section 2 shall have effect for the financial year ending on any date in 2007 and subsequent financial years.
(3) Section 3 shall have effect for —
(a) records in respect of the basis period relating to the year of assessment 2008; and
(b) records in respect of the basis period relating to each subsequent year of assessment.
AMENDMENTS TO WRITTEN LAWS RELATING TO RECORD-KEEPING
Amendment of Charities Act
2. The Charities Act (Cap. 37, 1995 Ed.) is amended —
(a) by deleting the words "7 years" in section 12(3) and (4) and substituting in each case the words "5 years"; and
(b) by deleting the words "7 years" in section 13(4) and substituting the words "5 years".
Amendment of Income Tax Act
3. Section 67(1) of the Income Tax Act (Cap. 134, 2004 Ed.) is amended by deleting the words "7 years" in paragraph (a) and substituting the words "5 years".
Amendments to other written laws
4. The provisions of the Acts specified in the first column of the Schedule are amended in the manner set out in the second column thereof.
Transitional provision
5.—(1) The amendment made to each Act by each item in the Schedule in respect of record-keeping shall apply in relation to any book, document or record required to be kept or retained under the relevant provision as specified in that item, whether the obligation to keep or retain such book, document or record first arises before, on or after the date of commencement of the amendment.
(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply in relation to any book, document or record if the period for which it is to be kept or retained under the relevant provision in force immediately before the date of commencement of the amendment made to that provision by the Schedule has expired by that date.


text:
News Affiliates
USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.
MarketWatch is an American financial information website that provides business news, analysis, and stock market data.
The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American commercial broadcast radio and television network owned by the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.
The National Broadcasting Company (NBC) is an American English-language commercial terrestrial radio and television network that is a flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast.
KJTV-TV, virtual channel 34 (UHF digital channel 35), is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Lubbock, Texas, United States.
Yahoo! News is a news website that originated as an internet-based news aggregator by Yahoo!.
StreetInsider.com's audience is made up of active investors and traders.
Submit Press Release 123's PR Newswire Distribution Package overs offers global news distribution.
WiredPRNews.com is an online press release distribution/news site designed to assist companies with garnering widespread media coverage through the dissemination of news and press releases.
Based in Melville, NY, Newsday is an American news publication, primarily serving Nassau and Suffolk counties. Newsday has received 19 Pulitzer Prizes and several additional finalist nominations since its inception.
Regarded as a longstanding progressive institution and a recipient of more than 20 Pulitzer Prizes, The Boston Globe, is an American news source based in Boston, Massachusetts. It has been owned by The New York Times Company for nearly two decades.
Published in ten languages, with 16 country editions, the International Business Times is an online global news publication that offers news and analysis on stories related to business. The site is ranked third in terms of the number of visitors among business newspaper websites.
One of the earliest to launch a major market online newspaper, The San Francisco Chronicle is an American based news source that primarily serves the San Francisco Bay Area in California. The online version includes features such as blogs and podcasts, which may not be available in print.
The state of Minnesota's largest newspaper, the Star Tribune provides daily breaking news, reviews, and opinion pieces online.
Launched in 2009, Business Insider provides access to U.S. business and entertainment stories syndicated online. The site aggregates top online news stories published across the country.
The Houston Chronicle is one of the top ten circulated newspapers in the U.S. and the largest daily publication of its type in the state of Texas. The publication's website receives over a reported 75 million monthly page views.
The Daily Herald provides local news as the largest daily newspaper in suburban Chicago. With a service area that includes Cook, DuPage, Kane, Lake, and McHenry counties, the publication is the third largest in the state of Illinois.
The personal finance website, which belongs to CBS Interactive, offers information for those seeking advice on topics such as retirement, investing, and more.
Since its founding in 1903, The Miami Herald has grown to become South Florida's largest newspaper. It is in circulation throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, and serves Monroe, Broward, and Miami-Dade counties in Florida.
The San Jose Mercury News was one of the premier newspapers to publish online. Owned by Media News Group, the daily publication has a high circulation and is based in San Jose, California.
The daily South Carolina based daily newspaper is published in Myrtle Beach.
Credited for its influence on things such as the career of President Harry Truman, and providing an outlet for publishing the writing of Ernest Hemingway, the Kansas City Star has been in publication since 1880. The Kansas City, Missouri based newspaper has received 8 Pulitzer Prizes.
WCCO-TV is owned and operated by CBS and serves Minnesota's Minneapolis-St. Paul area.
The international news agency has downsized from being one of the major providers of various news services for newspapers, television stations, magazines, and radio for several decades to primarily sharing aggregate news information on a range of topics to smaller information markets on the web.
The major daily news publication serves the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex. It is the oldest online newspaper that continues to be in operation in the U.S.
The Chicago based television station is owned and operated by CBS Television Network.
WJZ Baltimore is a television station based in Baltimore, Maryland that is owned and operated by CBS Television Network.
The Columbus Dispatch is a Columbus, Ohio based daily news publication that has been in circulation since 1871.
The regional daily news publication, The News & Observer, is the second-largest newspaper in North Carolina. It serves the Research Triangle (Raleigh-Durham Hill) region of the state.
The Raleigh, North Carolina based television station is a CBS affiliate for the Triangle (Raleigh/Durham/Chapel Hill/Fayetteville) TV marketing area. It has produced award-winning programs that have drawn significant viewership beyond the Raleigh market.
StreetInsider is a news service that places emphasis on information pertaining to current news items that impact financial markets. The website also provides alerts for investors and others interested in trading and investing news.
Market Pulse is a privately held marketing research and analytics company based in Delhi, India. The company provides research services that support organizations in the development of effective business strategies.
The Walnut Creek, California based daily news publication serves communities in select counties in the San Francisco Bay area.
The Spanish language daily publication is based in Miami, Florida. The sister newspaper of The Miami Herald, it is owned by the McClatchy Company. In 2002, El Nuevo Herald received the Ortega y Gasset Journalism Award for being credited as the best Spanish-language newspaper in the world.
The McClatchy owned news publication is based in Olympia, Washington and serves Thurston County.
NewsOK, also referred to as The Oklahomian, is the state of Oklahoma's largest daily newspaper, and the only publication of its type to cover the Oklahoma City in its entirety.
The Torrance, California based daily news publication has a circulation of 70,000. It serves as its slogan states, areas from "LAX to LA Harbor," which comprises the South Bay cities of Los Angeles County.
The online publishing company provides access to news articles and commentary related to finance and business. It has licensing agreements with Yahoo Finance, MarketWatch, and other major financial websites. The website, which has earned several awards including an Emmy, receives a reported 1,000,000 unique visitors per month.
The daily newspaper is based in Sacramento, California. It has grown to become the largest newspaper in the city, and the fifth largest in the state. Its circulation area extends a reported 12,000 miles.
The Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania based daily news publication serves an area that includes Columbia, Luzerne, and Montour Counties. It is owned by Press Enterprise Inc.
The English language news publication is the only daily newspaper published in English in El Paso, Texas. It has a reported weekday circulation of over 73,000 and over 88,000 on Sundays.
The daily news source is published in Long Beach, California as a current publication of the MediaNews Group division, the Los Angeles Newspaper Group.
An online news source that offers original news, entertainment, and commentary related to the financial industry.
A McClatchy Company owned Pulitzer Prize winning news source that is based in Lexington, Kentucky. It has a daily circulation of over 111,000 and a Sunday circulation of over 138,000. It reportedly has the second largest paid circulation in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.
The Los Angeles Daily News is the flagship news publication of the MediaNews division, the Los Angeles Newspaper Group. It is the second largest daily publication to circulate in Los Angeles, California.
A daily news publication for Wichita, Kansas. The McClatchy Company news source is the largest newspaper in its circulation area.
A financial services portal that provides access to online news and article content related to various aspects of the financial industry.
The Bioxi, Mississippi based news publication serves individuals throughout the Mississippi Gulf Coast. It is a McClatchy Company owned news source.
The daily local news publication for Pasadena, California. It is a member of the Los Angeles newspaper group.
The flagship member network of National Public Radio (NPR) for Minnesota. It serves a reported nine million people, boasting a 43-station regional network operation. It is the second largest producer of NPR programs in the country and has won more than 800 awards.
The Anchorage, Alaska based daily news publication offers news information on a variety of topics. With a weekday circulation of more than 57,000 the newspaper is reportedly the most widely read in the state.


I am proud to lead our wonderful area special school, which provides a high standard of education for children and young people from across Central Bedfordshire and surrounding areas.
We are an innovative school, where the pupils are at the heart of everything we do. Joint working is a significant strength of our school; we work with a number of agencies, including social services and the NHS, to ensure that our learners achieve the best possible outcomes.
Ivel Valley is a thriving learning community where pupils are happy and engaged. The community extends far beyond the school grounds. We have very strong links with families, the areas which we serve and colleagues from other services.
I'm pleased to say that our last Ofsted inspection (May 2018) found that we remained a good school and one that is committed to establishing itself as a 'Centre of Excellence'.
I look forward to welcoming you to our school and I hope that you can find all of the information you need on our website. If there is anything that you cannot find or if you would like paper copies of any information, please contact the school office.


text:
We Provide Experts for Patent Litigation
We do IP Management
We Manage IP Risk
We do IP Valuation
We Advise on IP Transactions
We Do Trade Secret Management
We Do IP Strategy
We Do Digital Identity & Access Control
Our Expert Litigation Service
Intellectual Property Expert Group
Unitary Patent and Unified Patent Court stopped just before the Finish Line
Before the Brexit referendum in June 2016, it was commonly believed that the unitary patent system, which was intended to be implemented in early 2017, would be delayed for an unforeseeable period if the UK decided to leave the European Union.
After the Brexit referendum, what was unthinkable before became legally and politically feasible: The UK was said to be able to ratify the 2013 Agreement on a Unified Patent (UPCA) before leaving the EU. And the UK Government did indeed announce that it would continue to fulfil its obligations as an EU member as long as it remained a member. This was interpreted as an announcement of early ratification. It was expected anyhow that, by the date of its deposit of the instrument of ratification, Germany would ensure that the unitary patent system could start operation as soon as the administrative preparatory work would have been completed. The schedule was adapted slightly and the unitary patent was envisaged to become available by December 2017.
Initially, progress was in line with the envisaged schedule. Legislative proceedings in the UK and Germany advanced well. The British Parliament adopted the Law amending the Patents Act and a Statutory Instrument necessary for ratifying the Agreement. Such Statutory Instrument is also required under the Protocol on Immunities for the Unified Patent Court. In an explanatory Memorandum for the Parliament, IP Minister Jo Johnson stated that the UPCA would establish a specialized, non-EU patent court under international law. However, the Memorandum did not mention the duty of the Unified Patent Court (UPC) to refer points of law to the CJEU pursuant to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
In Germany, the Law on the Ratification of the UPCA and an Implementing Law were approved by the second chamber of Parliament (Bundesrat), and on June 2, 2017, the Bundesrat approved the Protocol on Immunities. This concluded all necessary acts of Parliament. In subsequent steps, the Laws then ought to have been signed by the German Federal President, published and ultimately entered into force.
In the UK, the hope was expressed that the Government, still in office, would deposit the Instrument of Ratification early enough for the ambitious time schedule. However, on March 29, the British Prime Minister Theresa May declared the UK's intention to leave the EU, triggering the two-year period for exit negotiations. This was a first indication that it could be a challenge to keep the UK's participation in the unitary patent system separate from exit negotiations. In addition, in April the Prime Minister called for a general election to be held on June 8. In this election, the Conservative Party lost its majority in the Parliament and now has to rely on the support of the North Irish Democratic Unionist Party. In all likelihood, this will not facilitate decision-making. In addition, the laying of the Protocol on Immunities before Parliament has not been completed within the required period, meaning that it has to be repeated.
The further course of events in Germany was even more surprising. The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung reported on June 12, 2017 that the German Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht – BVerfG) had asked the Federal President to suspend his signing of the corresponding Laws as early as on April 3, 2017. The request had been submitted first orally and then in written form.
Subsequently, it came to light that on March 31, 2017, an individual had filed a constitutional complaint against the ratification of the UPCA together with a request for an interim measure preventing the competent authorities from finalizing ratification proceedings before the Court has taken a decision on the substance of the case. The Court considered the complaint not to be hopeless from the outset and the President promptly acceded to the request. Thus, ratification proceedings are now blocked.
It is virtually impossible to foresee the practical consequences of these events. At the outset, it is important to state that the President not signing does not have the retroactive effect of the previous legislative proceedings becoming meaningless. It is true that the principle of discontinuity has the effect of bills which have not been finally passed by the end of an electoral period having to be reintroduced into the new Parliament. However, in the present case, the Parliament has terminated its legislative work. The President's term of office is independent from the electoral period and he can sign the law at any later point in time. It is not unusual for the Parliament to adopt quite a few laws during the last few days of an electoral period, with the consequence of them having to be signed later.
As to the proceedings before the German Constitutional Court, one may assume that the suspension of the signature of the laws is related to the request for an interim measure. The Court will decide on this request in advance, balancing the disadvantages that would result from ordering an interim measure if the claimant loses his case with the disadvantages that would result from not ordering an interim measure if the claimant wins his case. Thus, the problem of the signature does not have to remain pending as long as the Court has not yet decided on the substance of the case. The short period between the constitutional complaint being filed and the request to the President being made indicates that the request was made before a detailed examination could have taken place.
As to the constitutional problems, no reliable information has yet become available as to the constitutional defects on which the claimant bases his case. On the one hand, these may be reasons related to the legislative proceedings, i.e. questions of competence or necessary majorities. Such defects in the legislative process might require a new start in the new Parliament after the German elections in September 2017. Since the project has not been controversial among the political parties to date, this may turn out to take some additional time but not to create serious problems.
On the other hand, the alleged constitutional violations may concern questions of judicial procedure in the unitary patent system, i.e. in particular whether citizens have access to a court review of administrative decisions, which would be in line with accepted constitutional standards. In this context, it has been mentioned that there are four complaints pending before the German Constitutional Court which are directed against decisions of the EPO. At least in one of those cases the claimant alleges lack of independence of the Boards of Appeal in the context of the principle of separation of powers. It is true that a new court, the UPC, has been created for unitary patents. However, this does not change the fact that the Boards of Appeal remain competent for decisions in grant and opposition proceedings.
In this regard, Spain had made the point in its complaint against the Regulation on the Unitary Patent that the administrative procedure before the EPO is not subject to judicial review to ensure the correct and uniform application of EU law and the protection of fundamental rights, which is said to undermine the principle of effective judicial protection. In its decision C-146/13, the CJEU emphasized that unitary protection has a strictly accessory nature which is to be achieved by attributing unitary effect to European patents in the post-grant phase. One may consider this argument as plausible for the creation of the unitary patent. However, this takes only account of the pre-grant phase, not considering opposition proceedings, in which the EPO may revoke a unitary patent which is based on EU law. The CJEU carefully avoided the question of whether a legal title which is based on EU law can be revoked without the rule of law guarantees of EU law being complied with.
In the meantime, the situation has somewhat changed. A structural reform of the Boards of Appeal occurred which was aimed at improving the efficiency of the Boards and at the same time the perception of their independence. Some comments on the reform efforts suggest that these aims might not have been sufficiently met and balanced. Requirements as to efficiency, in particular in terms of cases to be dealt with, may get into conflict with the independence of a judge (performance-related reporting, performance-related payment and reappointment based on reporting). Furthermore, the President of the Office has the right to propose the President of the Boards of Appeal together with the Boards of Appeal Committee, which means that the President of the Boards of Appeal is dependent on the benevolence of the President of the Office. All these points were raised in the lawmaking process by the organizations of the users and the Presidium of the Boards of Appeal, albeit unsuccessfully. Therefore, a renowned author concluded: "The reform does not appear characterized by an understanding for the functioning of the judiciary. […] It remains doubtful whether the aim has been achieved to improve the independence of the judiciary and its members in the interest of a highly qualified review system in patent matters based on the rule of law." (Kathrin Klett, Neuorganisation der Beschwerdekammern in der Europäischen Patentorganisation, sic! 3/2017,119, pp. 9-10).
It will be interesting to see whether the German Constitutional Court sees a reason to deal with structural problems of the Boards of Appeal. The earliest point of time for setting the suspension aside may be the decision on the interim measure. This may take several months. If the request for an interim measure is successful, speedy proceedings cannot be expected to ensue.
Looking at the UK does not create much more optimism. Before announcing general elections, the UK government may have had the intention of depositing the instrument of ratification "below the radar" of a broad public as soon as possible, i.e. after the period for laying the Law on the Immunity Protocol before Parliament. Perhaps it is not less probable that it was the intention from the outset to make the unitary patent system part of the package for Brexit negotiations. Neither alternative is in contradiction with the declarations made by members of government.
In any case, a rapid ratification would solve none of the problems of the unitary patent system connected with Brexit. First of all, there is the repeated and unambiguous announcement of the Prime Minister that the UK will not accept the jurisdiction of the CJEU in the future, which is contrary to the duty of the UPC to refer points of law to the CJEU and to accept the EU law as interpreted by the CJEU. The second problem is the participation of the UK in the unitary patent system, which is connected with the responsibility for the UPC, or its leaving the system.
Thus, there is an increasing number of voices suggesting that it would not be a responsible course of action to create a court system based on the participation of the UK with the perspective that the UK will soon have to leave the system. By contrast, the attempt to keep the UK in the UPC system after Brexit could possibly be found to constitute a violation of EU law. Taking such uncertain paths could mean relying on vague hopes: The hope that some form of agreement will be found simply because one has to be found and the hope that everybody will play along, including the courts, which will have to decide on the soundness of fragile legal constructs. The request of the German Constitutional Court to the German President may have been a shout of warning.
In any event, let's hope that politics and courts get it right in the end so that a convincing and legally sound system will be put in place without losing too much of momentum, a system that many users still wish to have – put differently: blessed are the ones who do not see and yet believe (Johannes 20:29) …
by Prof. Dr. Tilman Müller-Stoy, BARDEHLE PAGENBERG (Munich, Germany)
Where to bring a Patent action under the UPC rules?
Moderna accuses Pfizer and BioNTech of infringing their mRNA patents
Unified Patent Court adopts final Rules of Procedure
Anonymous Patent Litigation?
Strategic Autonomy Tech Alliances
© 2022 IPEG – Intellectual Property Expert Group
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DotNetXmlDeserializer Represents a .NET System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer.
DotNetXmlSerializer Represents a .NET System.Xml.Serialization.XmlSerializer.
EntityTypeResolver Represents an entity type resolver.
ExtendedRestRequest Represents an extended rest request.
HostUnreachableException Exception that is thrown when the host is unreacable.
HttpCookie Represents a HTTP cookie data.
HttpFile Represents a HTTP file data.
HttpHeader Represents a HTTP header data.
JsonDeserializer Represents a deserializer for json data.
MiscExtensions Represents extensions methods for rest client.
ObjectFactory Represents an object factory.
ReflectionExtensions Represents an extensions methods for reflection types.
ResponseExtensions Represents extensions methods for IRestResponse interface.
ResponseStatusExtensions Represents extensions method for ResponseStatus.
RestClientExtensions Represents extension methods for IRestClient.
RestRequest Represents a rest request object.
RestRequestAsyncHandle Represents async handler for REST request.
RestResponseCookie Represents a response cookie for rest request.
SimpleFactory<T> Defines data member for simple http factory.
StringExtensions Represents an extensions methods for string value.
TypeResolver Represents a base class for type resolver object.
WebAuthenticationContext Represents a web authentication context.
XmlAttributeDeserializer Represents a deserializer for XML attribute.
XmlDeserializer Represents a deserializer for XML data.
XmlExtensions Represents extensions extensiond methods for XML string.
DateFormat Specifies format strings for commonly-used date formats.
IDeserializer Defines data member for deserializer object.
IHttp Defines data member for http object.
IHttpFactory Defines data member for HttpFactory.
IODataLightResult Defines data member for OData light result.
IRestClient Defines data member for rest client.
IRestRequest Defines data member for rest request.
IRestRequestFilter Defines members for IRestRequestFilter implementors.
IRestResponse Defines data member for rest response.
IRestResponse<T> Defines data member for rest response including deserialized data type.
IRestResponseFilter Defines members for IRestResponseFilter implementors.
ISerializer Defines data member for serializer object.
ITypeResolver Defines data member for type resolver object.
IWebAuthenticationContext Defines data member for web authentication context.
IWebAuthenticator Defines data member for web authenticator object.
IWebRequest Defines data member for web request.
HttpMethod Specifies HTTP method to use when making requests.
NameStyle Options for transforming casing of element names.
RequestDataFormat Specifies request data formats.
RequestParameterType Speciifes types of parameters that can be added to requests.
ResponseStatus Specifies the status for response.


text:
Home Blog Udall reasserts controversial pro-nuclear position
Udall reasserts controversial pro-nuclear position
John Tomasic
At an "open hearing" held at Rocky Mountain National Park today, Colorado U.S. Sen. Mark Udall repeated his support of a national energy plan that would increase use of nuclear power as a way to combat global warming. Udall and U.S. Sen. John McCain blitzed the park this morning, taking a brief tour while reporters trailed along in a bus. Photographers snapped shots of the men gathered with park personnel around one of the state's millions of red-brown lodge-pole pine trees. The trees, which color whole mountainsides across Colorado, are dying from beetle infestation brought by warming temperatures.
Udall is a strong proponent of the state's New Energy sector and is seen as a friend to the green movement in the state. His advancement of nuclear power, however, has alarmed environmentalists, who see the risks posed by uranium mining and nuclear power plant construction as far outweighing any benefits to be derived from expanding the contemporary nuclear industry.
Keith Hay, energy advocate for Denver-based Environment Colorado, has argued against the inclusion of nuclear power as a part of any clean-energy discussion. Hay told the Colorado Independent in May that there was "a strong push by southern Democrats to include nuclear and clean coal in the renewable energy standard" but that environmentalists thought any such tack was misguided at best.
"Anyone who has seen the front end of uranium mining for nuclear knows that it is in no way clean."
Udall falls into a group of green leaders turned by the climate change debate into nuclear supporters.
Stewart Brand, the famous founder of the environmentalist Whole Earth Catalog, made a splash in 2007 by endorsing nuclear power. He claimed that the problem of learning to deal with deadly radioactive nuclear waste was a more acceptable problem to pass on to future generations than was global warming.
But Brand was taken to task by detractors who ran the numbers. Groups such as TreeHugger and the Pembina Institute found that the cost and carbon generated in uranium mining, milling, refining, conversion and fuel fabrication are extremely high, to say nothing of the costs and carbon generated in erecting new nuclear power plants.
Colorado is one of five uranium-producing states in the West and has a long history of producing weapons-grade uranium. A recent boom in mining claims, which has waned a bit in recent months following a drop in prices, has focused mostly on states such as Utah and Arizona, where activists have been fighting new claims near national parks, including the Grand Canyon, Arches and Canyonlands.
Earlier this month, McCain led a congressional junket to the Grand Canyon that included Udall and former Colorado senator and now Interior Secretary Ken Salazar.
Salazar recently called a timeout on new uranium mining claims on public lands near the Grand Canyon while the administration considers withdrawing up to 1 million acres of national forest from potential uranium mining. The timeout also comes as Congress considers revamping a national mining law put in place in 1872. A revised version would provide hard-rock mining royalties and create a fund for pollution cleanup.
Several uranium mining claims have been filed near the proposed Dolores River Canyon Wilderness Area along the high desert cliffs of a river known for the scenic rafting and kayaking that runs from the San Juan Mountains to the border of Utah.
The nuclear-energy industry is gaining some traction in Colorado, not just among those like Udall seeking to combat climate change, but also among those who envision nuclear plants powering the oil shale industry on Colorado's Western Slope.
Got a tip? Freelance story pitch? Send us an e-mail. Follow The Colorado Independent on Twitter. And we're hiring.
rocky moutnain national park
Writer, editor, teacher, web wrangler. He has worked for art, business, culture, politics publications, five universities and a UN war crimes commission. @johntomasic jtomasic@www.coloradoindependent.com | 720-432-2128 |
Powerhouse nonprofit news outlet ProPublica expands in the West, and 'possibly Colorado'
MEDIA: On climate change and Colorado wildfire coverage
Colorado Rep. Joe Neguse has a plan to fight Trump on climate censorship
Mark Udall talks torture, life after political office, and dharma


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;

using SlimDX;
using SlimDX.Direct3D11;

using VVVV.PluginInterfaces.V1;
using VVVV.PluginInterfaces.V2;

using FeralTic.DX11;
using FeralTic.DX11.Resources;
using System.IO;

namespace VVVV.DX11.Nodes
{
    public class FileTexture1DLoadTask : FileTextureLoadTask<DX11Texture1D>
    {
        public FileTexture1DLoadTask(DX11RenderContext context, int slice, string path)
            : base(context, slice, path)
        {
        }

        protected override void DoProcess()
        {
            this.Resource = DX11Texture1D.FromFile(this.Context, path);
        }
    }

    public class FileTexture2DLoadTask : FileTextureLoadTask<DX11Texture2D>
    {
        public FileTexture2DLoadTask(DX11RenderContext context, int slice, string path)
            : base(context, slice, path)
        {
        }

        protected override void DoProcess()
        {
            this.Resource = DX11Texture2D.FromFile(this.Context, path);
            #if DEBUG
            if (this.Resource.Resource != null)
            {
                this.Resource.Resource.DebugName = "FileTextureAsync";
            }
            #endif
        }
    }

    public class FileTexture3DLoadTask : FileTextureLoadTask<DX11Texture3D>
    {
        public FileTexture3DLoadTask(DX11RenderContext context, int slice, string path)
            : base(context, slice, path)
        {
        }

        protected override void DoProcess()
        {
            this.Resource = DX11Texture3D.FromFile(this.Context, path);
        }

    }

    [PluginInfo(Name = "FileTexture", Category = "DX11", Version = "1d", Author = "vux")]
    public class FileTexture1dNode : FileTextureBaseNode<DX11Texture1D>
    {
        protected override bool Load(DX11RenderContext context, string path,out DX11Texture1D result)
        {
            try
            {
                result = DX11Texture1D.FromFile(context, path);

                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                result = null;
                return false;
            }
        }

        protected override FileTextureLoadTask<DX11Texture1D> GetTask(DX11RenderContext context, string path, int slice)
        {
            FileTexture1DLoadTask task = new FileTexture1DLoadTask(context, slice, path);
            task.StatusChanged += new TaskStatusChangedDelegate(task_StatusChanged);
            context.ResourceScheduler.AddTask(task);
            return task;
        }

        void task_StatusChanged(IDX11ScheduledTask task)
        {
            FileTexture1DLoadTask ft = (FileTexture1DLoadTask)task;
            if (task.Status == eDX11SheduleTaskStatus.Completed)
            {
                this.FTextureOutput[ft.Slice][ft.Context] = ft.Resource;
                this.FValid[ft.Slice] = true;
            }
        }

        protected override void LoadInfo(int slice, string path)
        {

        }

        protected override void MarkInvalid(int slice)
        {

        }
    }

    [PluginInfo(Name="FileTexture",Category="DX11",Version="2d",Author="vux,tonfilm")]
    public class FileTexture2dNode : FileTextureBaseNode<DX11Texture2D>
    {

        [Output("Size", AsInt = true, Order = 400)]
        protected ISpread<Vector2> size;

        [Output("Format", Order = 401)]
        protected ISpread<SlimDX.DXGI.Format> format;

        void task_StatusChanged(IDX11ScheduledTask task)
        {
            FileTexture2DLoadTask ft = (FileTexture2DLoadTask)task;
            if (task.Status == eDX11SheduleTaskStatus.Completed)
            {
                this.FTextureOutput[ft.Slice][ft.Context] = ft.Resource;
                this.FValid[ft.Slice] = true;
            }
        }

        protected override bool Load(DX11RenderContext context, string path, out DX11Texture2D result)
        {
            try
            {
                if (Path.GetExtension(path).ToLower() == ".tga")
                {
                    result = null;
                    return false;
                }
                else
                {
                    ImageLoadInformation info = ImageLoadInformation.FromDefaults();
                    if (this.FInNoMips[0])
                    {
                        info.MipLevels = 1;
                    }
                    result = DX11Texture2D.FromFile(context, path, info);
                }

                #if DEBUG
                result.Resource.DebugName = "FileTexture";
                #endif

                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                result = new DX11Texture2D();
                return false;
            }
        }

        protected override FileTextureLoadTask<DX11Texture2D> GetTask(DX11RenderContext context, string path, int slice)
        {
            FileTexture2DLoadTask task = new FileTexture2DLoadTask(context, slice, path);
            task.StatusChanged += new TaskStatusChangedDelegate(task_StatusChanged);
            context.ResourceScheduler.AddTask(task);
            return task;
        }

        protected override void SliceCountchanged(int slicecount)
        {
            this.size.SliceCount = slicecount;
            this.format.SliceCount = slicecount;
        }

        protected override void LoadInfo(int slice, string path)
        {
            try
            {
                ImageInformation? info = ImageInformation.FromFile(path);
                if (info.HasValue)
                {
                    this.size[slice] = new Vector2(info.Value.Width, info.Value.Height);
                    this.format[slice] = info.Value.Format;
                }
                else
                {
                    MarkInvalid(slice);
                }

            }
            catch
            {
                MarkInvalid(slice);
            }
        }

        protected override void MarkInvalid(int slice)
        {
            this.size[slice] = new Vector2(-1, -1);
            this.format[slice] = SlimDX.DXGI.Format.Unknown;
        }
    }

    [PluginInfo(Name = "FileTexture", Category = "DX11", Version = "3d", Author = "vux")]
    public class FileTexture3dNode : FileTextureBaseNode<DX11Texture3D>
    {
        protected override bool Load(DX11RenderContext context, string path, out DX11Texture3D result)
        {
            try
            {
                if (this.FInNoMips[0])
                {
                    ImageLoadInformation loadinfo = new ImageLoadInformation();
                    loadinfo.MipLevels = 1;
                    result = DX11Texture3D.FromFile(context, path,loadinfo);
                }
                else
                {
                    result = DX11Texture3D.FromFile(context, path);
                }
                return true;
            }
            catch
            {
                result = null;
                return false;
            }
        }

        protected override FileTextureLoadTask<DX11Texture3D> GetTask(DX11RenderContext context, string path, int slice)
        {
            FileTexture3DLoadTask task = new FileTexture3DLoadTask(context, slice, path);
            task.StatusChanged += new TaskStatusChangedDelegate(task_StatusChanged);
            context.ResourceScheduler.AddTask(task);
            return task;
        }

        void task_StatusChanged(IDX11ScheduledTask task)
        {
            FileTexture3DLoadTask ft = (FileTexture3DLoadTask)task;
            if (task.Status ==eDX11SheduleTaskStatus.Completed)
            {
                this.FTextureOutput[ft.Slice][ft.Context] = ft.Resource;
                this.FValid[ft.Slice] = true;
            }
        }

        protected override void LoadInfo(int slice, string path)
        {

        }

        protected override void MarkInvalid(int slice)
        {

        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Embassy of Algeria in Sofia | Bulgaria > News > Uncategorized > Arab Contact Group, led by Lamamra, holds discussions with Ukrainian Foreign minister
Arab Contact Group, led by Lamamra, holds discussions with Ukrainian Foreign minister
April 11, 2022 ambalg Uncategorized
ALGIERS- The Arab Contact Group, led by Minister of Foreign Affairs and National Community Abroad Ramtane Lamamra, held Tuesday in Warsaw (Poland), discussions with Ukrainian Minister of Foreign Affairs Dmytro
Kuleba as part of the efforts for the settlement of the conflict in Ukraine.
After Moscow, the Arab Contact Group in charge of the conflict in Ukraine, chaired by Ramtane Lamamra and made up of Foreign ministers of Jordan, Iraq, Sudan, Egypt and the Secretary-General of the Arab League, arrived in Warsaw (Poland) where it held a meeting with the Ukrainian Minister of Foreign Affairs Dmytro Kuleba as part of the efforts aimed to contribute to the settlement of the crisis, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and National Community Abroad said in a statement.
"The Arab and Ukrainian parties held broadened discussions on prospects to settle the crisis and mitigate its security, political, humanitarian, and economic impacts," said the source.
Expressing its "concern about the effects of this crisis and dangerousness of its continuation," the Arab delegation expressed "support to the direct negotiation process between the Ukrainian and Russian sides."
The Arab delegation expressed willingness to "deploy the necessary efforts to back this process for a cessation of the military operations in anticipation of a lasting political solution to the crisis based on the international legality, the United Nations Charter and the principles of good neighborliness, sovereignty and of the territorial integrity of countries to guarantee the legitimate interests of all the parties."
After the meeting, Lamamra held a press conference with his Ukrainian counterpart in which he affirmed that "the meetings with the Russian and Ukrainian parties enabled the Arab Contact Group to better understand the development of the situation and to know the positions of the two parties to the conflict."
"These meetings enabled strengthening the conviction that there is no alternative to a political solution to the crisis," added Lamamra.
Speaking at this conference, Kuleba extended his heartfelt condolences to Algeria, particularly to the family of the Algerian student, Talbi Mohamed Abd El Monaim who died in Ukraine in the beginning of the conflict.
The Ukrainian Foreign minister thanked his Algerian counterpart for "the efforts made as part of the Arab Contact Group to settle the crisis," expressing the hope that the war ends quickly to enable the Algerian students to return to the Ukrainian universities.
January 24, 2023 ambalg Uncategorized
(Français) Lamamra en visite de travail en Libye
(Français) Visite de Mme Meloni en Algérie: consolider l'édification d'un véritable partenariat stratégique
Algeria condemns acts of Swedish extremists who burned copies of Holy Quran
Lamamra receives US Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs
General Said Chanegriha receives UK Defense Senior Advisor to MENA region


The Trump administration has proposed several changes that will affect federal immigration policies and their enforcement such as the repeal of DACA, a decrease in the number of H1B visas and more aggressive deportations of undocumented. In this conference we present research analyzing how those changes can affect individual, society and the economy in California, focusing on undocumented, on workers and on children and families. A Panel will then discuss specific consequences and the action that local agents are taking in response to those federal policies.
Registration ends 2/5 at 5PM.


I was living in a trailor park about 35 yrs ago in lot 14 when i did this up.I got sick of paying 5 bucks for a jar of sauce and said to myself "I can do this" This is great stuff,not only cheaper but tastes better too.Don't substitute anything and ya gotta use the lemon juice.DO NOT BOIL!!! The only reason i know this is cuz i did it and it MESSED IT UP!!
Can be doubled,Keeps for a long time in fridge.This is med.hot range.Adjust temp with crushed red and cayanne pepper.Amount is good for about 5.lbs wings. ENJOY!!!
Wire whisk everything together in saucepan,SIMMER for 20 min on very low heat,DO NOT BOIL!!! and enjoy.Recipe is good for about 5 lbs wings.Can be reduced or doubled.


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Yesterday I posted a list of things that were making me sad.
and Sherlock made me sad yesterday.
My girl Allie Cat commented that she thought Philip Seymour Hoffman's death might make the list.
The fact is, my list was made up of small, unimportant things. Things that in the grand scheme make me realize that I really have very little to be sad about.
Hell, if Bob Dylan wants to go on record as saying he loves Hemis and 'Murica, it doesn't mean he didn't write "Visions of Johanna."
And hey, no matter how terrible a game the Broncos played last night, it was a football game. Thank God I have the luxury of being sad about the outcome of a football game.
But Philip Seymour Hoffman's death...that's beyond sad.
He was an artist. He was so damn talented. He was far too young and had far too much yet to create.
He was a son, and a father, and a lover, and a friend. By all accounts, he was a great guy. Everyone who knew him personally will carry the pain of his death for a long time - far longer than those of us who are simply fans and admirers, who will relatively quickly file his passing under "what a shame" and move on to the next celebrity misfortune.
He was a drug addict. With everything in the world to live for, he risked it all to quiet the raging beast of addiction. After being clean for more than 20 years, he had started using again. What kind of monster can lay dormant for that long, and still reawaken with enough strength and fury to kill? How do you even fight something that powerful?
In the end, he was alone, shooting up. His world had shrunk to a syringe and a vein in his arm. This man of enormous talent, who appeared 20 feet tall on the movie screens of the world, transforming himself before millions of people into Truman Capote and Lester Bangs and Plutarch Heavensbee, in his final minutes became a lone tortured body that could no longer function with the heroin he pumped into it. A paralyzed heart, a dead brain, with the soul of the artist nowhere to be found among the ruined tissues it left behind. He died alone.
And we all wonder why. Why would he shoot up, knowing his kids were waiting for him? Knowing he had three movies in the can, another almost finished filming, and a TV show that was just about to go into production? He was wealthy, talented, in demand, loved and respected in his work and in his life. And yet he followed the siren song of heroin and believed its lies.
We all fall for lies of one kind or another. Some of them make us work too hard, or chase the wrong dreams, or stay with the wrong people. Some just make us act like fools.
Philip Seymour Hoffman died because heroin whispered it could give him something he couldn't get any other way. He made his living crafting lies, and yet he fell for that one. And it killed him.
And that is beyond sad.
Well said, and so true. Money, movies, career, work, Depression and Addiction care none for those things.


I am Running Laughlin for the KIDS!
Laughlin is a beautiful place to run, to sun and to enjoy the sights!
But... did you know that there are thousands of kids right here in the tri-state area who need our help!
That is why we are asking you help support me as I RUN LAUGHLIN for the KIDS!
All funds raised will go to the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Colorado River and will provide after-school and summer programs for kids which include physical fitness, homework help, character building, STEM and healthy meals!
Plus- when I raise $100 for the Boys & Girls Clubs of the Colorado River and get an exclusive Champion for the Kids Medal!
But I am not stopping at $100- let's help as many kids as possible!
Thank you for giving my blisters purpose!
Run Laughlin for the KIDS!


text:
by Catherine Zandonella, Office of the Dean for Research
Forest-dwelling bacteria known for forming slimy swarms that prey on other microbes can also cooperate to construct mushroom-like survival shelters known as fruiting bodies when food is scarce. Now a team at Princeton University has discovered the physics behind how these rod-shaped bacteria, which align in patterns like those on fingerprint whorls and liquid crystal displays, build the layers of these fruiting bodies. The study was published online Nov. 23 in Nature Physics.
by Liz Fuller-Wright, Office of Communications
Are obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular illnesses and more the result of a "mismatch" between the meals we eat and the foods our bodies are prepared for?
The "mismatch hypothesis" argues that each of our bodies has evolved and adapted to digest the foods that our ancestors ate, and that human bodies will struggle and largely fail to metabolize a radically new set of foods.
by Meghan Testerman, Behavioral Sciences Librarian with Office of Library Communications
Professor of psychology and public affairs Betsy Levy Paluck and behavioral sciences librarian Meghan Testerman were recently awarded Princeton's Data-Driven Social Science Initiative (DDSSI) Grant for their joint proposal, "Prejudice Reduction: Creating an Open Repository of 'What Works' from Experimental Research."
Study investigates potential for gut microbiome to alter drug safety and efficacy
Researchers at Princeton University have developed a systematic approach for evaluating how the microbial community in our intestines can chemically transform, or metabolize, oral medications in ways that impact their safety and efficacy. The new methodology provides a more complete picture of how gut bacteria metabolize drugs, and could aid the development of medications that are more effective, have fewer side effects, and are personalized to an individual's microbiome.
Princeton team develops 'poisoned arrow' to defeat antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Wednesday, Jun 3, 2020
Poison is lethal all on its own — as are arrows — but their combination is greater than the sum of their parts. A weapon that simultaneously attacks from within and without can take down even the strongest opponents, from E. coli to MRSA (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus).
Gene flow between species influences evolution in Darwin's finches
by The Office of Communications
Despite the traditional view that species do not exchange genes by hybridization, a new study led by Princeton ecologists Peter and Rosemary Grant show that gene flow between closely related species is more common than previously thought.
A team of scientists from Princeton University and Uppsala University detail their findings of how gene flow between two species of Darwin's finches has affected their beak morphology in the May 4 issue of the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.
Loners help society survive, say Princeton ecologists
Friday, Mar 27, 2020
It isn't easy being a loner — someone who resists the pull of the crowd, who marches to their own drummer.
Researchers identify factors essential for chronic hepatitis B infection
Tuesday, Mar 10, 2020
by Department of Molecular Biology
A study published in the journal Nature Microbiology identified factors that the hepatitis B virus uses when establishing long-term infection in the liver. The findings could help lead to treatment strategies for chronic HBV infection, a condition that increases the risk of developing liver cancer and is responsible for almost 900,000 deaths worldwide each year. Continue Reading on the Discovery: Research at Princeton blog →
Donia wins Moore Foundation award for aquatic symbiosis research
Mohamed Abou Donia is one of 15 recipients of an award from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation as part of the Symbiosis in Aquatic Systems Initiative investigator program.
Bassler receives Gruber Genetics Prize for discoveries on how bacteria communicate
Princeton geneticist Bonnie Bassler will receive the 2020 Gruber Genetics Prize for her pioneering work on how bacteria communicate with each other. In learning about the process of intercellular bacterial communication, known as quorum sensing, Bassler has expanded our understanding of microbes and illuminated innovative approaches to promoting health and preventing disease.


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Your Seder too long? Here's a Chassidic tale about the importance of keeping liturgy and customs intact --- with a nice commentary on a section of the Hagadah, to boot.
http://www.jewishworldreview.com | The Shpoler Zeide (1725-1812) was in a joyous mood as he sat down at the Seder table with his family in Ukraine. The table gleamed, the children glowed and even his rebbetzin -- rabbi's wife and helpmate -- sat with a contented, if tired, smile on her face.
After a final check that everything needed for the Seder was prepared, the great Chassidic master signaled for the children to start the ceremony with the traditional singing of the order of the Seder. When they were done, the Rebbe poured the Kiddush wine into his silver becher goblet and motioned for one of his younger sons, who had just begun cheder, formal schooling, to rise.
The child was confident that he had learned his lessons well, and so he happily sang out in a loud voice: "Kadesh: When Father comes home from the synagogue on Passover night, he must immediately recite the Kiddush."
Then the youngster sat down.
"Nu?" the Shpoler Zeide gently asked: "Why don't you finish the explanation?"
The boy looked at his father with a puzzled expression. "That's all my teacher taught us to say," he replied. "Didn't I say it well?"
"What you said, you said very well," the Shpoler Zeide replied, as he flashed a warm smile. He then proceeded to recite the Kiddush with a joyful heart.
Yet, as the Seder progressed, a nagging thought kept popping into the saint's mind: Why did my son's instructor change a time-honored tradition by shortening the children's lines?
For hundreds of years, schoolmasters had taught their charges to recite by heart short explanations that introduce each stage of the Seder ceremony. When the Shpoler Zeide's son was asked to introduce "Kadesh," the boy should have boomed: "Kadesh: When Father comes home from synagogue on Passover night, he must immediately recite the Kiddush, so that the little children will not fall asleep and they will ask the Four Questions beginning with Ma Nishtana."
The fact that the instructor had not taught his students the second half of the explanation troubled the Shpoler Zeide immensely. When the Rebbe saw that his son's teacher was one of the guests for the holiday meal the next morning, he asked the teacher to explain his behavior.
"The children are very young and it's hard for them to concentrate," the teacher replied matter-of-factly. "Because there is so much to learn, I decided to make it easier for them by cutting out some of the unnecessary parts. The second half of the explanation for Kadesh isn't really so important since we are all required to recite Kiddush early, even if there are no little children at the Seder."
The Shpoler Zeide looked at the instructor in shock.
"Who are you to decide what is important and what is not?" the Shpoler Zeide cried. "Are you wiser than the generations of schoolteachers who have come before you? If you understood the true meaning of these explanations, you wouldn't dare change so much as a syllable of what has come down to us through the ages. Every syllable of the Seder narrative has a deep, multi-level meaning."
It had certainly not been the teacher's intention to cause such a commotion --- either at the Rebbe's table, or Above. By now, though, it was becoming clear that his transgression had been very grave, indeed.
The other Chassidim who were gathered around the table, were clamoring for an explanation, and the Shpoler Zeide was just as eager to provide them with one. When it came to Seder Night, there was no such thing as a trivial custom.
"From Rav Chiya's explanation of these words from Song of Songs," the Rebbe continued, "we see that during the exile the Jews are unable to reach the higher levels of spiritual sensitivity -- it is as if they are asleep -- because they are pursued and afflicted by their enemies."
The Shpoler Zeide stopped speaking, and a heavy silence filled the room. The Chassidim were even more puzzled than before. What, after all, did this teaching from the Zohar, the mystical book of the Kabalah, have to do with youngsters singing at the Seder?
"He must recite Kiddush right away," the Shpoler Zeide continued. "That is to say, the Creator must renew his betrothal -- his Kiddushin, of which the word Kidush shares the same root -- to Jewry right away. He must redeem us from exile right away."
The Shpoler Zeide turned his glance to the teacher and asked, "Can you tell us why our Father in Heaven must redeem us straight away?"
"So that the little children will not fall asleep," the teacher replied, softly.
"And who are the 'little children'?" prodded the Shpoler Zeide.
"That's exactly right," the Rebbe said. "For is it not written in Jeremiah: 'Is not Ephraim my beloved son, a precious child?' So tell me, how is it possible that there can be a Seder where there are no 'little children' present?"
The teacher, of course, had no answer to the Shpoler Zeide's question, and the Rebbe finished his homile.
"The Creator must act quickly," explained the saint, "so that His children will not fall too deeply into the slumber of exile. He must act right away so that we will not despair, Heaven forbid, of never being redeemed.
"He must act," the Rebbe continued, "while we still have the strength to ask, 'Ma Nishtana?' Why is this night -- why is this bitter exile -- different from all other nights? Why has this dark exile been so prolonged? Why does it not end?"
The Shpoler Zeide suddenly threw his head back and gave out a long wail.
"Master of the Universe," the saint cried, "redeem us quickly, while our hearts, at least, are still awake! Please don't let us fall into the dark slumber of despair!
"Even when it is night, a 'child' can still gladden the heart of his Father."
And then the great Chassidic master stood up. "Let's show our Father in Heaven that we know how to dance --- even in the dark!"
And with that the saint beckoned to his Chassidim to join him in a dance. Soon they were all circling faster and faster, in rhythm with the uplifting beat of the joyous song. As their spirits soared higher and higher, the face of the Shpoler Zeide beamed once more with its accustomed glow of inspired ecstasy.
Every heart was now awake and joyfully cleaving to its Father in Heaven. The pain of the dark exile was, for the moment, completely forgotten.
Linda Feinberg is a columnist for Yated Ne'eman. Send your comments by clicking here.


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Awaiting its first owner & Move in Ready! Nestled inside one of Berthoud's most established subdivisions comes a new micro-neighborhood of semi-custom homes each situated on 1/4 ac. This well designed modern farmhouse 3BD/2.5BA home delivers sprawling views of Longs Peak & the mtns while backing to greenbelt. The open Floor plan offers spacious rooms & work spaces, oversized garages & custom design. Recreation abounds incl fishing & the new CO TPC Golf Course. Only 30 Min to Boulder.


text:
Assessment basics
Classroom tips
Teacher voices
Teach. Learn. Grow.
Teach. Learn. Grow. The education blog
By Elizabeth Barker
Category | Equity, Early learning
Why students with dyslexia aren't "at risk"
My mom had an in-home daycare when I was five years old. She read lots of books to me—I was surrounded by books—and every night my mom would read to me and my twin brother from a book of nursery rhymes and poems. "The Sugar-Plum Tree" by Eugene Field was our favorite. "Have you ever heard of the Sugar-Plum Tree? / 'Tis a marvel of great renown! / It blooms on the shore of the Lollypop sea / In the garden of Shut-Eye Town."
I dreamed of that garden in Shut-Eye Town. And, like most kids, I dreamed of being able to read and write. Unfortunately, kindergarten came and went and, unlike my brother, I was not reading. Heck, I still had to work on my kindergarten letter books over the summer before first grade.
My story of learning to read is painful, just like the stories of other kids who struggled with reading, and it's a hurt that I carried with me long after kindergarten. As I got older and studied to become a teacher, for example, quotes about the beauty of reading, the sanctuary of reading, and how intelligence is built on the number of books you read made my stomach turn. I didn't need any reminders that, for me, reading and writing were always a chore. The insult that I wasn't intelligent as a result was the cherry on top.
[D]yslexia can't be avoided, and dyslexia doesn't go away.
I am very fortunate. Because of the support of many teachers and my family, I've built a career on understanding learning disabilities. My studies and professional experience have allowed me to make peace with who I was—and am. I'd like to share some of what I've learned with you. If you have dyslexia, I hope it will bring you some comfort. If you are an educator, I hope it will guide you as you work with students of all ages who struggle to read.
Our changing understanding of dyslexia
In 2020, all but two states have passed legislation to screen K–2 students for dyslexia. While that's terrific news—and an important step forward—the fact that I still regularly need to dispel the outdated notion that students can somehow "get" dyslexia is frustrating. Students may show signs of dyslexia or they may have characteristics of it, but students are not "at risk" of getting or developing dyslexia. We often talk about kids who are "at risk," as though they could catch dyslexia the way they might catch a cold after a friend sneezes nearby. This is not the case.
We've known dyslexia is a hereditary trait for more than a century. In fact, in 1905, the British physician C. J. Thomas, among others, presented this idea in his article "Congenital 'word-blindness' and its treatment." He was followed by James Hinshelwood, who authored articles in British Medical Journal soon after. Numerous literature reviews noting these seminal works abound, including Bruce Pennington's "Using genetics to understand dyslexia" from Annals of Dyslexia in 1989.
Dyslexia itself can be traced as far back as the 1600s, and our understanding of it has evolved since then. According to Peggy Anderson and Regine Meier-Hedde, the earliest known reading issue was recorded in 1676 when a Prussian physician described a patient who lost the ability to read due to a stroke. Over the next 200 years, the bulk of brain research was focused on aphasia, not on trouble with reading, and it wasn't until 1877 that terms like "word blindness" were used by Adolph Kussmaul to refer to patients who could not read in spite of average intelligence.
Kussmaul's research made reading problems a legitimate field of study and paved the way for Rudolf Berlin, an ophthalmologist, to make his contribution. In his work, Berlin observed difficulties some of his adult patients had with reading. Berlin found no problems with their vision and coined their condition "dyslexia," a word derived from the Greek that means "difficulty with words."
By clinging to the erroneous label 'at risk,' we can fall into the trap Dale DiLeo calls 'benevolent ableism.' Let's use the phrases 'characteristics of' or 'signs of' dyslexia instead.
Kussmaul and Berlin are well known for giving us some of the basic terminology we use to talk about dyslexia, but it was James Hinshelwood, James Kerr, and William Pringle Morgan who first studied children and removed previous notions that dyslexia was caused by brain trauma or neglect. Then, in 1925, neuropathologist Samuel Orton presented his first paper on word blindness. Orton was one of the first researchers to advocate phonics instruction for those with dyslexia, an approach that is still highly recommended. In 1949 the Orton Society was created, and it continues as the International Dyslexia Association (IDA) today.
In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, we saw cutting-edge research from Sally Shaywitz, a physician-scientist with Yale University I like to refer to as the Godmother of Dyslexia. She and her colleagues have used functional MRIs to conduct research on students struggling to read. This method provides a non-invasive way to study the reading brain across languages and cultures. The research explored the ability to connect sound to symbols.
We have made substantial gains in our knowledge around dyslexia thanks to researchers such as Shaywitz, gains that, in turn, lead us to pose more questions. Shaywitz is continuing to study dyslexia, as is Maryanne Wolf, director of the Center for Dyslexia, Diverse Learners, and Social Justice at UCLA, and our understanding will continue to evolve in the future.
The damage inaccurate language can cause
My experience growing up and the work of countless researchers prove dyslexia is a hereditary condition, one students have absolutely no control over. Continuing to describe kids as being "at risk" for dyslexia is irresponsible, given everything we know. Why? It smacks of ableism. "At risk" suggests that if kids (or their families) just made a bit more effort, dyslexia could be avoided altogether. But dyslexia can't be avoided, and dyslexia doesn't go away. By clinging to the erroneous label "at risk," we can fall into the trap Dale DiLeo calls "benevolent ableism." Let's avoid ableism and use the phrases "characteristics of" or "signs of" dyslexia instead.
The reality with dyslexia is this: You can support a student with good instruction so that their struggle to read and write won't be as painful. But reading and writing will always be a challenge for them. Accepting this is critical to helping them learn and grow.
We're at an encouraging point in the history of dyslexia. Let's make sure we keep moving in the right direction, otherwise the only thing students with dyslexia will be "at risk" of is struggling in school if they don't receive the support they need to succeed.
Hear more from Dr. Barker on myths about dyslexia and the value of dyslexia screening in her posts "Fact or fiction? The 4 myths of dyslexia" and "The case for K–3 screening and intervention for dyslexia." Read "5 things to know about the new MAP Reading Fluency Dyslexia Screener" to learn more about how to screen students for dyslexia.
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