George III ought never to have occurred. One can only wonder At so grotesque a blunder.
God save our Gracious King, Long live our Noble King, God save the King. Send Him victorious Happy and Glorious Long to rule over us God save the King.
His Majesty's dominions, on which the sun never sets.
It is impossible for an Englishman to open his mouth without making some other Englishman despise him.
Land of hope and glory, Mother of the Free How shall we extol thee,who are borne of thee? Wider still and wider shall thy bounds be set; God who made thee mighty, make thee mightier yet.
Remember that you are an Englishman and consequently have won first prize in the lottery of life.
Rule Britannia, Britannia, rule the waves; Britains never will be slaves.
Snobbery - the "pox Britannica"
The difference between the vanity of a Frenchman and an Englishman seems to be this: The one thinks everything right that is French, the other thinks everything wrong that is not English.
The English woman is so refined She has no bosom and no behind.
The House of Lords is like a glass of champagne that has stood for 5 days.
The young Cambridge group, the group that stood for "freedom" and flannel trousers and flannel shirts open at the neck, and a well-bred sort of emotional anarchy, and a whispering, murmuring, sort of voice, and an ultra-sensitive sort of manner.
Without class differences, England would cease to be the living theatre it is.
You must not miss Whitehall. At one end you'll find a statue of one of our kings who was beheaded; at the other, the monument to the man who did it. This is just an example of our attempts to be fair to everybody.
In England I would rather be a man, a horse, a dog or a woman, in that order. In America I think the order would be reversed.
England is the paradise of individuality, eccentricity, heresy, anomalies, hobbies and humours.
In the end it may well be that Britain will be more honoured by the historians for the way she disposed of an empire than for the way in which she acquired it.
Oh, it's a snug little island! A right little, tight little island!
I regard England as my wife and America as my mistress.
The Englishman has all the qualities of a poker except its occasional warmth.
Socialism has been preached for so long, the British people no longer have any sense of personal responsibility.
Britain's best bulwarks are her wooden walls.
Queen Victoria - a mixture of national landlady and actress.
Deploring change is the unchangeable habit of all Englishmen. If you find any important figures who really like change, such as Bernard Shaw, Keir Hardie, Lloyd George, Selfridge or Disraeli, you will find that they are not really English at all, but Irish, Scotch, Welsh, American or Jewish. Englishmen make changes, sometimes great changes. But, secretly or openly, they always deplore them.
Where there is one Englishman there is a garden. Where there are two Englishmen there will be a club. But this does not mean any falling off in the number of gardens. There will be three. The club will have one too.
The nice sense of measure is certainly not one of Nature's gifts to her English children ... we have all of us yielded to infatuation at some moment of our lives.
One matter Englishmen don't think in the least funny is their happy consciousness of possessing a deep sense of humour.
That typically English characteristic for which there is no English name -esprit de corps.
The British love permanence more than they love beauty.
The British are terribly lazy about fighting. They like to get it over and done with and then set up a game of cricket.
A Scotch mist may wet an Englishman to the skin.


text:
July 25, 2015 March 16, 2019
My Australian Muslim story, By Lebanese Australian Nadine Rabah.
My Australian Muslim story
Nadine Rabah
So what is my Australian story? My Australian story began in 1982, with my mother migrating to Australia when she was 11 years old. My childhood memories are filled with stereotypical Aussie pastimes, backyard cricket and playing footy in the middle of the road. I played with my two brothers and what seemed to be countless cousins (and yes I was the only girl).
Simple things like these are what make up my identity. They are what make me Australian. Having a BBQ every AFL Grand Final (watching the footy as a family) makes us Lebanese with a difference: we are also Australian. I laugh when I see my dad (with his broken English accent) talking to the neighbours about how the Blues are going this year and how Chris Judd is an overrated superstar. "Its derr year dis year" he says. Football is a huge part of my upbringing. It was a foreign sport to my dad when he came out here until my mum introduced him to 'Our Game'.
It can be argued that I've had a very Australian upbringing. Yet I've remained respectful towards my Lebanese and Muslim heritage. I fasted the entire month of Ramadan, but also played every round of football last year.
Being a Muslim I do feel like an outsider at times. Why do we constantly have to be portrayed as evil people? 'We're not all like that', I find myself shouting at certain news stories. 'Those extremists should just keep their mouths shut', I tell my mum. They're not talking on behalf of me or my family. At times like these I feel as if there is a great divide between myself and 'Australians'. Just as we get closer to assimilating, something else comes up. I find myself thinking that I'm not Australian. I don't belong. My mum only came here because she had nowhere else to go. She was an orphan at the age of 8 about to head to an orphanage and this was a great land. It was where lives were made. Sometimes I think to myself 'Why couldn't we just be like them? Why do we have to do things differently? Why can't we eat pork?' Then I think to myself that I should appreciate where I'm from, what I believe in and how fortunate I am.
Yes I am Lebanese. But no, my brothers don't speak like 'Fully sick bros' and they don't walk around as if they own the place. We don't get into any punch-ons and every second word we speak is not a swear word. Yes I am also Australian. But my family doesn't drink VB's and we don't own towels with the Aussie flag printed on them. These images are stereotypes and my immediate family does not fit into them. We are unique. So are the 22 million or so people around this country. We all have a different Australian story.
About 2004, my older brother played in a local footy team. There was an Australian girl in his team. She was blonde and had light coloured eyes. I was 9, had dark features and I'd always wanted to play. But I was a girl. After years of convincing my dad to let me play football, he reluctantly gave in. I played football in an all boys team and this was frowned upon by many cousins and family friends. You're a girl, you shouldn't be playing footy. My dad would cop a lot of flack because he was supposed to be the 'man of the house'.
But this wasn't a village in Lebanon where girls lived in the kitchen. This was Nadine Rabah, the daughter of a modern woman, who from a young age had a passion to play football. From the day I joined I knew that I had a point to prove. At the age of twelve I had to show them all, including my dad that, hey, I'm better than your son at football, and I don't want to live the life that so many Muslim girls and women were used to. I won the Best and Fairest award at the end of that year, in an all boys team, many of whom were Lebanese Muslims. My picture still hangs in the Glenroy Football Club rooms.
From that time I gained the respect of an entire community. They understood that we are no longer just Lebanese. This is Australia and we are Australian. Girls could do way more than just cook and clean. Today, instead of frowning, many older men and women ask me how my footy is going. Or they say 'So I've heard you've started umpiring; you gonna make it to the AFL one day?" They are also full of praise to my parents. I was told that I am a pioneer to many Lebanese and Muslim girls. I have broken many boundaries which girls in Middle Eastern countries would never even have imagined doing.
My Australian story continues. Some days it'll feel like I don't belong. Sometimes I'll get upset that I am Lebanese, I think that life would be way easier to be an Aussie. But hey, if I go to Lebanon they'll call me an Australian, and in Australia they call me a Lebo. So what am I? I personally believe I am an Australian with a Lebanese background.
It is difficult to put a finger on what it means to be an Australian. No one has a country like we do. I love the tapestry of life that is Australia. It doesn't matter where you come from, being an 'Australian' (for me) means wanting to be 'mates' with everyone, harbouring no ill-will towards others. It means wanting to live in peace and harmony (with each other), being free and independent, giving a helping hand when needed, treating everyone fairly and enjoying the great game of football. I can confidently say that I am an Australian. A proud one too.
Nadine Rabah is a passionate English student in year 11 at Mercy College in Coburg, Vic. She is also an umpire in the Essendon District Football League and aspires to be a journalist. She received Third Prize in the 2011 Margaret Dooley Award for this essay.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Online Technology
Home Explore Technology A facial recognition ban is coming to the US, says AI policy...
A facial recognition ban is coming to the US, says AI policy advisor
the-online-tech
Sign up for The Download — your daily dose of what's up in emerging technology
San Francisco, Oakland, and Somerville have outlawed certain uses of facial recognition technology, with Portland potentially soon to follow.
That's just the beginning, according to Mutale Nkonde, Harvard fellow and AI policy advisor. That trend will soon spread to states, and there will eventually be a federal ban on some uses of the technology, she said at MIT Technology Review's EmTech conference.
Which uses will face a bam, it's not yet clear: while some cities have banned use by police departments, Portland's focus is restricting use by the private sector. And the debate is not confined to the US. In the UK, there is growing concern over the use of live facial recognition, after it emerged a property developer had been collecting images of people's faces in an area of London for two years without informing them. We still don't know how that data was used, Daragh Murray, human rights lawyer at the University of Essex, said on stage.
"There will be legal challenges, and there will eventually be regulation," he predicted.
Nkonde agreed this will happen in the US, too. "A constitutional right we have is innocent until proven guilty. Facial recognition could flip that idea around," she said.
Explaining how support for a ban could spread in the US, Nkonde pointed to the example of a campaign in New York by tenants to stop facial recognition systems being used to access their apartments instead of keys. This deployment mostly affected poor, black, and brown women. However, they involved human rights lawyers, and more affluent groups started to take notice and ally themselves with the tenants.
"The marginalization of minority groups by facial recognition is step one [towards a ban]," she said. When it is used to target groups with more power, it will be outlawed, she said.
But the "proper use" of facial recognition by government is still supported by 83% of Chinese people and 80% of Americans, said Yi Zeng, head of AI ethics and safety at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. However, without specific examples of what proper use is or is not, it's hard to be sure of public opinion—and it's still quite early in the technology's development.
"This wouldn't be the first time a society has looked at a new technology, and decided not to use it," Nkonde said. For now, she thinks an immediate moratorium is warranted.
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Instagram won't comment on rumored video calling feature
the-online-tech - January 30, 2018


44 How can I find out if someone really holds a doctoral degree?
26 How to read years in German?
26 How should I say something like "I'm" instead of "I am" in German?
22 Why doesn't German have a present continuous tense?
22 What do mathematicians mean by "equipped"?
20 Is it possible to use other symbols as an alternative to accented characters?


text:
version = 'v0.3.0'
def clear_console():
	if sys.platform == 'win32':
		os.system('cls')
	elif sys.platform == 'linux':
		os.system('clear')
	else:
		print('Внимание! Обнаружена неподдерживаемая ОС - ',sys.platform)
		print('Некоторые функции игры могут работать некорректно!')
		input('Нажмите Enter')

import time
import random
import os
import sys

global firesupp_off

# Чекбоксы
disease = False # Болезнь

# Игровые переменные:

def developers():
	print('''Игра создана на языке программирования Python 3
Создатель: Svit Till (Тимофей Литвиненко)
Copyright (c) 2017 FutureRay

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License''')

class character:
	def data():
		print('''Имя: {0}
____________________________________
                                    |
Здоровье:        {1}%
Жажда:           {2}/8000 мл
Голод:           {3}/2500 Ккал
------------------------------------|
Необраб. вода:   {6}/2000 мл
Необраб. еда:    {7}/2000 Ккал
------------------------------------|
Обработ. вода:   {8}/2000 мл
Обработ. еда:    {9}/2000 Ккал
------------------------------------|
Леч. травы:      {10}/5 пучков
Дрова:           {11}/1250 г
____________________________________|
День выживания: {4}-ый
Очки действия: {5} очков
Шанс разведения огня: {12}%

1. Сбор
2. Действия
3. Работа
4. Ждать (на день вперед)
'''.format(
	character.name,
	character.hearth,
	character.thirst,
	character.starvation,
	statistics.day,
	character.use_score,
	character.backpack_water,
	character.backpack_food,
	character.backpack_clr_water,
	character.backpack_clr_food,
	character.backpack_medherbs,
	character.backpack_firewood,
	character.campfire_xp))

	campfire_support = False # Поддержка костра
	campfire_xp = 45 # Шанс разведения костра (%)

	name = os.getlogin() # Имя игрока
	hearth = 100 # Здоровье (%)
	thirst = 8000 # Жажда (мл)
	starvation = 2500 # Голод (Ккал)
	use_score = 2 # Очки действия
	relax_score = 2 # Очки отдыха
	backpack_water = 0 # Количество непитьевой воды в запасе (мл)
	backpack_clr_water = 0 # Количество питьевой воды в запасе (мл)
	backpack_food = 0 # Количество непригодной еды в запасе (Ккал)
	backpack_clr_food = 0 # Количество пригодной еды в запасе (Ккал)
	backpack_firewood = 100 # Количество дров в запасе (г)
	backpack_medherbs = 1 # Лекарственные травы (пучки)

class statistics:
	day = 0 # Количество прожитых в игре дней
	day_rescue = random.randint(15,99) # День спасения игрока

# Игровые постоянные:
class chances:
	def chance_accident(): # Шанс покалечится
		chacc_random = random.randint(1,45)
		chacc_hearth = random.randint(1,45)
		if chacc_random == 1:
			character.hearth -= chacc_hearth
			print('({0}): получена травма по неаккуратности'.format(character.name))
			print('-{0}% здоровья'.format(chacc_hearth))
			input('Нажмите Enter')
	def chance_death(): # Шанс несчастного случая
		chdea = random.randint(1,1000)
		if chdea == 1:
			character.hearth -= 100
			print('({0}): произошел несчастный случай'.format(character.name))
			print('Игра окончена')
			input('Нажмите Enter')
			sys.exit()
	def chance_wild_attack(): # Шанс нападения дикими животными
		chwilatt = random.randint(1,100)
		wild_hearth = 100
		if chwilatt == 1:
			print('На вас напали дикие животные!')
			while True:
				input('Нажмите Enter, чтобы отбится')
				attack_man = random.randint(10,25)
				wild_hearth -= attack_man
				print('Вы нанесли {0}% урона, у них {1}% здоровья'.format(attack_man,wild_hearth))
				if wild_hearth <= 0:
					print('Вы отбились!')
					food_wild = random.randint(1000,1500)
					character.backpack_food += food_wild
					if character.backpack_food > 2000:
						character.backpack_food = 2000
					print('Добыча с животных - +{0} Ккал'.format(food_wild))
					input('Нажмите Enter')
					break
				attack_wild = random.randint(10,27)
				character.hearth -= attack_wild
				print('Вам нанесли {0}% урона, у вас {1}% здоровья'.format(attack_wild,character.hearth))
				if character.hearth <= 0:
					print('({0}): гибель в схватке с природой'.format(character.name))
					print('Игра окончена')
					input('Нажмите Enter')
					sys.exit()
	def chance_rescue(): # Шанс спасения игрока
		if statistics.day == statistics.day_rescue:
			print('Спасательная команда нашла вас!')
			print('Вы выжили в смертельной схватке с природой!')
			print('Вы хотите продолжить выживание? ')
			print('1. Да')
			print('2. Нет')
			while True:
				choice = input('Ваш выбор: ')
				if choice == '1':
					break
				elif choice == '2':
					sys.exit()
				elif choice == '':
					pass
				else:
					print('ошибка: неизвестная команда')
	def chance_disease(): # Шанс заболеть
		global disease
		global disease_off_about
		disease_on = random.randint(1,75)
		if disease_on == 1:
			global disease_off
			disease_off = 7 + statistics.day
			disease = True
			disease_off_about = 7 + random.randint(1,2)
			print('Вы заболели!')
			print('Болезнь пройдет приблизительно через {0} дней'.format(disease_off_about))
		if disease == True:
			disease_damage = random.randint(4,8)
			character.hearth -= disease_damage
			print('Болезнь: -{0}% здоровья'.format(disease_damage))
			if statistics.day == disease_off:
				disease = False
				print('Вы выздоровели!')
	def chance_disease_fron_raw(): # Шанс заболеть при употреблении сырых продуктов
		global disease
		global disease_off
		global disease_off_about
		disease_on = random.randint(1,3)
		if disease_on == 1:
			disease_off = 3 + statistics.day
			disease = True
			disease_off_about = disease_off + random.randint(1,2)
			print('Вы заболели!')
			print('Болезнь пройдет приблизительно через {0} дней'.format(disease_off_about))
		if disease == True:
			disease_damage = random.randint(2,6)
			character.hearth -= disease_damage
			print('Болезнь: -{0}% здоровья'.format(disease_damage))
			if statistics.day == disease_off:
				disease = False
				print('Вы выздоровели!')
class plus_minus:
	def water_minus(): # Сколько воды уберет жажда
		chwatmin = random.randint(1700,2000)
		character.thirst -= chwatmin
		print('-{0} мл потеряно'.format(chwatmin))
	def starvation_minus(): # Сколько еды уберет голод
		chstamin = random.randint(350,400)
		character.starvation -= chstamin
		print('-{0} Ккал потеряно'.format(chstamin))
	def relax_plus(): # Отдых, приносит очки действия
		if character.relax_score >= 1:
			replu = random.randint(1,3)
			character.relax_score -= 1
			if replu == 1:
				uscp = random.randint(1,2)
				character.use_score += uscp
				print('Вы хорошо отдохнули')
				print('+{0} очков действия'.format(uscp))
			else:
				print('Вы попытались отдохнуть, но вам это не удалось')
		else:
			print('Вы больше не хотите отдыхать')
	def water_plus(): # Сбор воды
		if character.use_score >= 1:
			waplu = random.randint(10,1800)
			starmin = random.randint(25,250)
			watmin = random.randint(1,125)
			character.backpack_water += waplu
			character.starvation -= starmin
			character.thirst -= watmin
			character.use_score -= 1
			if character.backpack_water >= 2000:
				full_pack = character.backpack_water - 2000
				full_pack_2 = waplu - full_pack
				character.backpack_water = 2000
				print('+{0} мл, заполнено'.format(full_pack_2))
			else:
				print('+{0} мл'.format(waplu))
		else:
			print('Вы устали, недостаточно очков действия')
	def food_plus(): # Сбор еды
		if character.use_score >= 1:
			foplu = random.randint(10,525)
			starmin = random.randint(1,150)
			watmin = random.randint(25,250)
			character.backpack_food += foplu
			character.starvation -= starmin
			character.thirst -= watmin
			character.use_score -= 1
			if character.backpack_food >= 2000:
				full_pack = character.backpack_food - 2000
				full_pack_2 = foplu - full_pack
				character.backpack_food = 2000
				print('+{0} Ккал, заполнено'.format(full_pack_2))
			else:
				print('+{0} Ккал'.format(foplu))
		else:
			print('Вы устали, недостаточно очков действия')
	def firewood_plus(): # Сбор дров
		if character.use_score >= 1:
			fiwoplu = random.randint(150,1200)
			starmin = random.randint(1,150)
			watmin = random.randint(25,250)
			character.backpack_firewood += fiwoplu
			character.starvation -= starmin
			character.thirst -= watmin
			character.use_score -= 1
			if character.backpack_firewood >= 1250:
				full_pack = character.backpack_firewood - 1250
				full_pack_2 = fiwoplu - full_pack
				character.backpack_firewood = 1250
				print('+{0} г, заполнено'.format(full_pack_2))
			else:
				print('+{0} г'.format(fiwoplu))
		else:
			print('Вы устали, недостаточно очков действия')
	def medherbs_plus(): # Сбор трав
		if character.use_score >= 1:
			chance_plus_med = random.randint(1,5)
			starmin = random.randint(25,150)
			watmin = random.randint(25,250)
			character.starvation -= starmin
			character.thirst -= watmin
			character.use_score -= 1
			if chance_plus_med == 1:
				character.backpack_medherbs += 1
				if character.backpack_medherbs >= 5:
					full_pack = character.backpack_medherbs - 5
					full_pack_2 = 1 - full_pack
					character.backpack_medherbs = 5
					print('+{0} пучок трав, заполнено'.format(full_pack_2))
				else:
					print('+{0} пучок трав'.format(1))
			else:
				print('Поиски лекарственных трав не увенчались успехом')
		else:
			print('Вы устали, недостаточно очков действия')
	def water_isume(): # Употребление непитьевой воды
		if character.thirst == 8000:
			print('У Вас нет жажды')
			return
		character.thirst += character.backpack_water
		drinked = character.thirst - character.backpack_water
		if character.thirst > 8000:
			chances.chance_disease_fron_raw()
			character.backpack_water -= drinked
			character.backpack_water = character.thirst - 8000
			character.thirst = 8000
			print('Осталось {0} мл'.format(character.backpack_water))
		else:
			chances.chance_disease_fron_raw()
			character.backpack_water -= drinked
			if character.backpack_water < 0:
				character.backpack_water = 0
			print('Осталось {0} мл'.format(character.backpack_water))
	def food_isume(): # Употребление сырой еды
		if character.starvation == 2500:
			print('Вы не голодны')
			return
		character.starvation += character.backpack_food
		eated = character.starvation - character.backpack_food
		if character.starvation > 2500:
			chances.chance_disease_fron_raw()
			character.backpack_food = character.starvation - 2500
			character.starvation = 2500
			print('Oсталось {1} Ккал'.format(eated,character.backpack_food))
		else:
			chances.chance_disease_fron_raw()
			character.backpack_food -= eated
			if character.backpack_food < 0:
				character.backpack_food = 0
			print('Oсталось {1} Ккал'.format(eated,character.backpack_food))
	def goodwater_isume(): # Употребление готовой воды
		if character.thirst == 8000:
			print('У Вас нет жажды')
			return
		character.thirst += character.backpack_clr_water
		drinked = character.thirst - character.backpack_clr_water
		if character.thirst > 8000:
			character.backpack_clr_water -= drinked
			character.backpack_clr_water = character.thirst - 8000
			character.thirst = 8000
			print('Осталось {0} мл'.format(character.backpack_clr_water))
		else:
			character.backpack_clr_water -= drinked
			if character.backpack_clr_water < 0:
				character.backpack_clr_water = 0
			print('Осталось {0} мл'.format(character.backpack_clr_water))
	def goodfood_isume(): # Употребление готовой еды
		if character.starvation == 2500:
			print('Вы не голодны')
			return
		character.starvation += character.backpack_clr_food
		eated = character.starvation - character.backpack_clr_food
		if character.starvation > 2500:
			character.backpack_clr_food = character.starvation - 2500
			character.starvation = 2500
			print('Oсталось {1} Ккал'.format(eated,character.backpack_clr_food))
		else:
			character.backpack_clr_food -= eated
			if character.backpack_clr_food < 0:
				character.backpack_clr_food = 0
			print('Oсталось {1} Ккал'.format(eated,character.backpack_clr_food))
	def water_manufact(): # Обработка воды
		starmin = random.randint(25,250)
		watmin = random.randint(1,125)
		character.starvation -= starmin
		character.thirst -= watmin
		character.backpack_clr_water += character.backpack_water
		if character.backpack_clr_water >= 2000:
			full_pack = character.backpack_clr_water - 2000
			full_pack_2 = character.backpack_water - full_pack
			character.backpack_clr_water = 2000
			character.backpack_water = 0
			print('Обработано {0} мл, заполнено'.format(full_pack_2))
		else:
			print('Обработано {0} мл'.format(character.backpack_water))
			character.backpack_water -= character.backpack_clr_water
	def food_manufact(): # Обработка еды
		starmin = random.randint(25,250)
		watmin = random.randint(1,125)
		character.starvation -= starmin
		character.thirst -= watmin
		character.backpack_clr_food += character.backpack_food
		if character.backpack_clr_food >= 2000:
			full_pack = character.backpack_clr_food - 2000
			full_pack_2 = character.backpack_food - full_pack
			character.backpack_clr_food = 2000
			character.backpack_food = 0
			print('Обработано {0} мл, заполнено'.format(full_pack_2))
		else:
			print('Обработано {0} мл'.format(character.backpack_food))
			character.backpack_food -= character.backpack_clr_food
	def medherbs_isume(): # Употребление лечебных трав
		if character.backpack_medherbs > 0:
			if character.hearth >= 100:
				print('Вы здоровы')
				return
			if character.hearth < 100:
				character.backpack_medherbs -= 1
				character.hearth += 50
				if character.hearth > 100:
					character.hearth = 100
					print('Ваше здоровье восполнилось на 50%')
					print('Теперь у вас {0}% здоровья'.format(character.hearth))
				else:
					print('Ваше здоровье восполнилось на 50%')
					print('Теперь у вас {0}% здоровья'.format(character.hearth))
		if character.backpack_medherbs <= 0:
			print('У вас больше нет лекарственных трав')
class pages:
	def collection(): # Отдел сбора
		while True:
			clear_console()
			character.data()
			print('1. Поиск воды (-1 ОД)')
			print('2. Поиск пищи (-1 ОД)')
			print('3. Поиск трав (-1 ОД)')
			print('4. Поиск дров (-1 ОД)')
			print('5. Назад')
			command = input('/')
			if command == '1':
				print('Поиск воды...')
				time.sleep(2)
				chances.chance_rescue()
				chances.chance_death()
				chances.chance_wild_attack()
				chances.chance_disease()
				chances.chance_accident()
				plus_minus.water_plus()
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '2':
				print('Поиск еды...')
				time.sleep(2)
				chances.chance_rescue()
				chances.chance_death()
				chances.chance_wild_attack()
				chances.chance_disease()
				chances.chance_accident()
				plus_minus.food_plus()
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '3':
				print('Поиск лекарственных трав...')
				time.sleep(2)
				plus_minus.medherbs_plus()
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '4':
				print('Поиск дров...')
				time.sleep(2)
				plus_minus.firewood_plus()
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '5':
				clear_console()
				break
			else:
				clear_console()
	def act(): # Отдел действий
		while True:
			clear_console()
			character.data()
			print('1. Отдых')
			print('2. Попить')
			print('3. Поесть')
			print('4. Принять лек. травы')
			print('5. Разжечь костер (-2 ОД)')
			print('6. Назад')
			command = input('/')
			if command == '1':
				print('Отдых...')
				time.sleep(2)
				chances.chance_death()
				chances.chance_accident()
				plus_minus.relax_plus()
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '2':
				chances.chance_death()
				chances.chance_accident()
				print('1. Пить грязную воду ({0} мл)'.format(character.backpack_water))
				print('2. Пить чистую воду ({0} мл)'.format(character.backpack_clr_water))
				command = input('/')
				if command == '1':
					plus_minus.water_isume()
					input('Нажмите Enter')
				if command == '2':
					plus_minus.goodwater_isume()
					input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '3':
				chances.chance_death()
				chances.chance_accident()
				print('1. Есть сырую еду ({0} мл)'.format(character.backpack_food))
				print('2. Есть готовую еду ({0} мл)'.format(character.backpack_clr_food))
				command = input('/')
				if command == '1':
					plus_minus.food_isume()
					input('Нажмите Enter')
				if command == '2':
					plus_minus.goodfood_isume()
					input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '4':
				chances.chance_death()
				chances.chance_accident()
				plus_minus.medherbs_isume()
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '5':
				chances.chance_death()
				chances.chance_accident()
				work.go_campfire()
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '6':
				clear_console()
				break
			else:
				clear_console()
	def craft(): # Отдел работы
		while True:
			print('Функция недоступна')
			print('1. Назад')
			if command == '1':
				clear_console()
				break
			else:
				clear_console()
class cheats: # Почти у любой игры есть читы, и эта - не исключение :)
	def full_char(): # Возвращает характеристики к стандартным
		print('(!) Чит-код "full_char" активирован')
		character.hearth = 100
		character.thirst = 8000
		character.starvation = 2500
		character.use_score = 2
		character.relax_score = 2
		character.backpack_water = 0
		character.backpack_clr_water = 0
		character.backpack_food = 0
		character.backpack_clr_food = 0
		character.backpack_firewood = 100
		character.backpack_medherbs = 1
		character.campfire_xp = 45
	def god_mode():
		print('(!) Чит-код "god_mode" активирован')
		character.hearth = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.hearth = 999999999999')
		character.thirst = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.thirst = 999999999999')
		character.starvation = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.starvation = 999999999999')
		character.use_score = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.use_score = 999999999999')
		character.relax_score = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.relax_score = 999999999999')
		character.backpack_water = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.backpack_water = 999999999999')
		character.backpack_food = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.backpack_food = 999999999999')
		character.backpack_firewood = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.backpack_firewood = 999999999999')
		character.backpack_medherbs = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.backpack_medherbs = 999999999999')
		character.campfire_xp = 999999999999
		time.sleep(0.1)
		print('character.campfire_xp = 999999999999')
	def char_edit(): # Дает возможность отредактировать характеристики
		print('(!) Чит-код "character_edit" активирован')
		cheated_hearth = input('character.hearth = ')
		if cheated_hearth == '':
			pass
		else:
			character.hearth = int(cheated_hearth)
		cheated_thirst = input('character.thirst = ')
		if cheated_thirst == '':
			pass
		else:
			character.thirst = int(cheated_thirst)
		cheated_starvation = input('character.starvation = ')
		if cheated_starvation == '':
			character.starvation = character.starvation
		else:
			character.starvation = int(cheated_starvation)
		cheated_use_score = input('character.use_score = ')
		if cheated_use_score == '':
			pass
		else:
			character.use_score = int(cheated_use_score)
		cheated_relax_score = input('character.relax_score = ')
		if cheated_relax_score == '':
			pass
		else:
			character.relax_score = int(cheated_relax_score)
		cheated_medherbs = input('character.backpack_medherbs = ')
		if cheated_medherbs == '':
			pass
		else:
			character.backpack_medherbs = int(cheated_medherbs)
		cheated_campfire_xp = input('character.campfire_xp = ')
		if cheated_campfire_xp == '':
			pass
		else:
			character.campfire_xp = int(cheated_campfire_xp)
	def day_rescue_cheat(): # Настройки дня спасения
		print('(!) Чит-код "day_rescue_cheat" активирован')
		calc_resc = statistics.day_rescue - statistics.day
		print('День спасения игрока -',statistics.day_rescue)
		print('До дня спасения осталось {0} дней'.format(calc_resc))
	def wild_attack_cheat(): # Чит на нападение животных
		print('(!) Чит-код "wild_attack_cheat" активирован')
		wild_hearth = 100
		print('На вас напали дикие животные!')
		while True:
			input('Нажмите Enter, чтобы отбится')
			attack_man = random.randint(10,25)
			wild_hearth -= attack_man
			print('Вы нанесли {0}% урона, у них {1}% здоровья'.format(attack_man,wild_hearth))
			if wild_hearth <= 0:
				print('Вы отбились!')
				food_wild = random.randint(1000,1500)
				character.backpack_food += food_wild
				if character.backpack_food > 2000:
					character.backpack_food = 2000
				print('Добыча с животных - +{0} Ккал'.format(food_wild))
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				break
			attack_wild = random.randint(10,27)
			character.hearth -= attack_wild
			print('Вам нанесли {0}% урона, у вас {1}% здоровья'.format(attack_wild,character.hearth))
			if character.hearth <= 0:
				print('({0}): гибель в схватке с природой'.format(character.name))
				print('Игра окончена')
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				sys.exit()
class work:
	def go_campfire(): # Разведение костра
		if character.use_score >= 2:
			if character.backpack_firewood >= 500:
				global firesupp_off
				character.backpack_firewood -= 500
				character.use_score -= 2
				campfire_on = random.randint(1,100)
				if campfire_on <= character.campfire_xp:
					character.campfire_xp += 1
					firesupp_off = 1 + statistics.day
					print('Вам удалось разжечь костер')
					print('+1% к разведению костра')
					input('Нажмите Enter')
					print('Обработка воды...')
					time.sleep(1)
					plus_minus.water_manufact()
					input('Нажмите Enter')
					print('Обработка еды...')
					time.sleep(1)
					plus_minus.food_manufact()
				else:
					print('Попытка разжечь костер не увенчалась успехом')
					xp_plus = random.randint(10,15)
					character.campfire_xp += xp_plus
					print('Вы научились на своих ошибках:')
					print('+{0}% к разведению костра'.format(xp_plus))
			else:
				no_full = 500 - character.backpack_firewood
				print('У вас недостаточно дров, нужно - 500 грамм')
				print('Вам не хватает {0} грамм'.format(no_full))
		else:
			print('Вы устали, недостаточно очков действия')

# Игровой процесс:
def game():
	try:
		while True:
			character.data()
			command = input('/')
			if command == '1':
				pages.collection()
			elif command == '2':
				pages.act()
			elif command == '3':
				pages.craft()
			elif command == '4':
				print('Ожидание...')
				time.sleep(3)
				if character.use_score >= 8:
					character.use_score -= 2
				if character.hearth <= 0:
					print(character.name,'умер')
					print('Игра окончена')
					input('Нажмите Enter')
					sys.exit()
				if character.thirst <= 0:
					character.hearth -= 15
					print(character.name+': обезвоживание')
					print('-15% здоровья')
				if character.starvation <= 0:
					character.hearth -= 15
					print(character.name+': голодание')
					print('-15% здоровья')
				if character.hearth >= 100:
					character.hearth = 98
				chances.chance_rescue()
				chances.chance_death()
				chances.chance_wild_attack()
				chances.chance_disease()
				chances.chance_accident()
				plus_minus.water_minus()
				plus_minus.starvation_minus()
				statistics.day += 1
				character.use_score += 2
				character.relax_score += 2
				character.hearth += 2
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
			elif command == '~':
				while True:
					command = input('cheat_console>: ')
					if command == 'help':
						print('god_mode - режим бога')
						print('char_edit - редактировать характеристики')
						print('full_char - возвращает характеристики к стандартам')
						print('day_rescue - узнать день спасения')
						print('wild_attack - нападение животными')
						print('exit - выход из консоли читов')
					elif command == 'god_mode':
						cheats.god_mode()
					elif command == 'char_edit':
						cheats.char_edit()
					elif command == 'full_char':
						cheats.full_char()
					elif command == 'day_rescue':
						cheats.day_rescue_cheat()
					elif command == 'wild_attack':
						cheats.wild_attack_cheat()
					elif command == 'exit':
						clear_console()
						break
					elif command == '':
						pass
					else:
						print('error: unknown command')
			elif command == '':
				clear_console()
			else:
				print('ошибка: неизвестная команда')
				input('Нажмите Enter')
				clear_console()
	except StopIteration as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('StopIteration: в итераторе больше нет элементов')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except ArithmeticError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('ArithmeticError: арифметическая ошибка')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except AssertionError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('AssertionError: выражение в функции assert ложно')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except AttributeError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('AttributeError: объект не имеет данного атрибута, значения или метода')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except BufferError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('BufferError: операция, связанная с буфером, не можеть быть выполнена')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except EOFError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('EOFError: функция наткнулась на конец файла и не смогла прочитать то, что хотела')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except ImportError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('ImportError: не удалось импортирование модуля или его атрибута')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except LookupError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('LookupError: некорректный индекс или ключ')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except MemoryError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('MemoryError: недостаточно памяти')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except NameError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('NameError: не найденно переменной с таким именем')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except UnboundLocalError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('UnboundLocalError: сделана ссылка на локальную переменную в функции, но переменная не определена ранее')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except OSError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('OSError: системная ошибка')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except ReferenceError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('ReferenceError: попытка доступа к атрибуту со слабой ссылкой')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except RuntimeError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('RuntimeError: неизвестная ошибка')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except NotImplementedError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('NotImplementedError: абстрактные методы класса требуют переопределения в дочерних процессах')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except SyntaxError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('SyntaxError: синтаксическая ошибка')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except IndentationError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('IndentationError: неправильные отступы')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except TabError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('TabError: смешивание в отступах табуляции и пробелов')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except SystemError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('SystemError: внутренняя ошибка')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except TypeError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('TypeError: операция применена к объекту несоответствующего типа')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except ValueError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('ValueError: функция получила объект правильного типа, но некорректного значения')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except UnicodeError as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print('UnicodeError: ошибка кодирования/раскодирования Юникода')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')
	except Error as exception:
		print('ОШИБКА:')
		print(': ')
		print(exception)
		input('Нажмите Enter')

print('Определение операционной системы...')
time.sleep(0.6)
if sys.platform == 'win32':
	print('Windows system')
	time.sleep(0.5)
	os.system('cls')
if sys.platform == 'linux':
	print('Linux system')
	time.sleep(0.5)
	os.system('clear')
print('Добро пожаловать в игру SurviWall',version,end='!')
print()
print('Вас зовут',character.name,end='? Если да, оставьте поле пустым и нажмите Enter')
print()
print('Если нет, введите свое имя и нажмите Enter')
character.name = input('Введите свое имя: ')
if character.name == '':
	character.name = os.getlogin()
else:
	pass
print('Добро пожаловать,',character.name,end='!')
print()
print('''Меню:
1. Новая игра
2. Разработчики
3. Выйти''')
while True:
	command = input('/')
	if command == '1':
		os.system('cls')
		game()
	elif command == '2':
		developers()
	elif command == '3':
		sys.exit()
	else:
		print('ошибка: неизвестная команда')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Vandalism in Jaffa
Photo: Eli Elgaret
Jaffa restaurant torched in possible 'price tag' act
Slogans including 'Kahane was right' sprayed on restaurant walls. Police not ruling out option vandalism wasn't politically-motivated
Eli Senyor|Published: 10.31.11 , 11:44
The Abu al-Abed restaurant in Jaffa was torched and spray-painted with "price tag" and "Kahane was right" slogans overnight on Monday. The restaurant staff discovered the messages on Monday morning.
Despite the nature of the graffiti, police are in no hurry to point fingers at right-wing extremists, saying "all leads are being pursued."
Price tag: 20 olive trees cut down in J'lem
'Price tag amounts to terrorism'
Rabbis: 'Price tag' contradicts Torah
The restaurant, which offers both Lebanese and Palestinian dishes, was established in 1949 in Jaffa's Yefet street. The owner said it was open as late as 11 pm on Sunday.
Graffit on restaurant walls (Photo: Eli Algart)
However, some time during the night unknown vandals poured flammable substance through the kitchen window and set the restaurant on fire. They also spray-painted "price tag" slogans. No one noticed the smoke coming out of the building until morning.
The owner decided to close the restaurant for the day in order to perform repair work. "This restaurant has been active since 1949," he said. "It's been through all the wars, so obviously it will survive this too.
"Jaffa is an island of sanity and it's a pity there's a group of people that want to destroy this."
Police have sent over a team of investigators who are also looking into the possibility that the restaurant was vandalized over non-political motives.
The owner, however is very clear on the motive. "They were probably irked by the Lebanese and Palestinian dishes, but that's our food, what can you do."
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Q: convergence of improper integral, sin in denominator Let $f: (0,\infty) \times (0,1) \rightarrow \mathbb{R} $ where $f(x,t) = \frac{t^x}{\sin{\sqrt{t(1-t)}}}$ .
I want to check if $g(x) = \int_0^1{f(x,t)dt}$ is convergent for $x\in(0,\infty)$. Have tried different ways, for example integration by parts or substituting $t$ as $\sin^2{\theta}$, none of which worked. The biggest problem I'm facing is that $\frac{1}{\sin{\sqrt{t(1-t)}}} \rightarrow \infty$ as $t \rightarrow 0$, thus I'm finding it hard to bound $f(x,t)$, namely to find $g(t)$ such that $\lvert f(x,t) \rvert \leq g(t)$, which is needed to say $g(x)$ converges.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Are you looking for a list of persuasive essay topics for school? This is the right article that can help you. In this article, you will find out more about what a persuasive exposition truly is and how you can write it in such a way that it can persuade others to think about things differently.
First off, the topic that you should use ought to be something close your heart. If you cannot relate your own topics, then chances are you won't be able to convince others to think like you do. Perhaps you can even end up dissuading them in the process. Since you are a college student, here are some possible options that you can go through.
Being A Millennial: Should We Join the Modern Craze?
Freedom of Expression: Is It a Right or a Privilege?
The second thing that the need to consider when trying to choose a topic for your persuasive essay would be the relative ease of information gathering. Will you find it hard or easy to gather data if you decide to work on your chosen topic? If the answer is yes, then you can go ahead and choose any particular topic that you want. Here are some of the easier topics to gather information for.
Writing persuasive expositions about any of the previous topics can definitely hit a chord among college students like you. This is why you should not hesitate to choose any of these topics as soon as possible. I am sure that you will not regret doing so. Also, you will not only have possible insight regarding these topics, but you will also be able to connect to your audience much more quickly if you use these prompts.
Lastly, you have to make sure that you can choose topics that are socially relevant as well. Do not hesitate to explore various subjects like politics or religion if you think that people could relate to it in the long run. You should use your exposition to open the eyes of your readers. Otherwise, you should try writing another type of essay if you feel that you cannot create an eye-opening piece of writing. It is all up to you for sure.


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KTN's online platform helps you to make the connections you need
The Knowledge Transfer Network (KTN) has refreshed its online platform to intelligently connect you to relevant events, funding, thought pieces and specialist staff to help your business innovate and grow.
You can discover content using your area of interest, from sustainability to transport; from space to health – all major UK economic sectors are covered. Once you have selected your interests, using our intelligent tagging system, we will then display rich and relevant content related to your area, often from surprising sources.
An example might be new satellite technology from the space sector that is applicable in the agri-food sector. KTN-UK.co.uk will help you form these unusual and valuable connections.
All content on the platform has been carefully curated by our team of innovation specialists – not by an automated algorithm – so you can be confident that KTN is connecting you to the most relevant cutting-edge information.
The move also marks a closer alignment with our main funder, Innovate UK , with the website branding making a clear visual link. Knowledge Transfer Network is Innovate UK's innovation network partner, and also works with other funders to provide innovation networking services and fulfil our mission to drive UK growth.
We link new ideas and opportunities with expertise, markets and finance through our network of businesses, universities, funders and investors. From agri-food to autonomous systems and from energy to design, KTN combines expertise in all sectors with the ability to cross boundaries. Connecting with KTN can lead to potential partners, horizon-expanding events and innovation insights relevant to your needs.
Visit our people pages to connect directly with expertise in your sector.
Visit the KTN refreshed online platfom here
What does the future hold for the Internal Combustion Engine?
ICE – A hard habit to break by Mark Matchett
With the phrase "Low Carbon" being used so often today and with the reputation of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), being hindered in recent times by events such as the emissions scandal, what future remains for combustion engines in road transport? Additionally following Brexit, with ambiguity around the role of the EU, how do UK developers of engines and new engine concepts plot the course ahead?
Whatever your thoughts on the EU, you can't easily ignore the work carried out by the host of technical working groups, which offer informed opinion and develop roadmaps for the future of tech and industries in wide range of sectors. The roadmap on ICE Powertrains recently published by European Road Transport Advisory Research Council, (ERTRAC) is a great example of this good work, predicting that at least 60% of new passenger cars will utilize ICE in some form out to 2040.
As good as Diesel?
Future mobility solutions need to be sustainable, yet the changes required also need to be accepted by consumers to ensure uptake; in many ways new solutions need to be "as good as diesel" from a user experience perspective.
However, the need to switch isn't purely driven by the need for a low carbon future. From a European and UK perspective, "energy security" - including the use of sustainable energy from renewable sources - also counts. Optimisation of the use of transport assets – via connectivity and automation - will also play a considerable part, but what ever the propulsion or transport systems end up looking like, if the initial energy source isn't sustainable, then in my book, it simply isn't low carbon.
Against that background, the roadmap on ICE Powertrains still predicts at least 60% of new passenger cars will utilize ICE in some form out to 2040. It lists hybrid and range extended powertrains as well as natural gas engines as parts of the future mix.
The roadmap outlines a 4 pillar concept of the elements that contribute to low carbon low emission transport economy.
Figure 1.1 ERTRAC systems approach with pillars for decarbonisation and emission reduction
Whilst the authors of the roadmap play on its informative role to European Funding Programmes such as Horizon 2020, (helping to direct investment in research) less obvious is its importance and its ability to cement the investment case for many small or medium sized enterprises (SME's) working in areas of new ICE powertrain research; with the EU targeting a 40% cut in Green House Gasses, (GHG) by 2030, there's enormous opportunity for innovators in this sector, many of which exists in the UK. SMEs are well advised to refer to the roadmap when seeking investment funding, as it sets out the requirements and rationale useful to developing a business case.
But what about fuel?
The roadmap sees fossil based fuels dominating road transport until at least 2030, with renewable liquid fuels, methane, and electricity contributing heavily beyond this. The ICE is seen as being predominantly fuelled by fossil derived fuels, but increasingly complimented by synthetic fuels, power to liquid and gas, (PtX) as well as advanced bio fuels and, natural and biogas. PtX are fuels which store carbon in an energy dense synthetic fuel which can then be combusted much the same way petrol, diesel and natural gas is today, with the major difference being that it requires electricity to power the process.
Figure 2.2 The evolution of passenger road transport energy towards 2040
Two step pathway
The predicted engine / fuel combinations will be developed in order to optimise not only tail pipe performance, but also, crucially, the Well-to-Wheel performance. According to the roadmap, a second pathway to decarbonisation - electrification - will evolve at a quickening pace. The roadmap predicts new ICE concepts appearing, to satisfy differing needs; the need for transient performance (efficiency when the engine speed and load is constantly changing) is not a requirement for ICE in a range extender as it is for todays conventional vehicles.
While electrification will dominate inner city and urban scenarios its still predicts that vehicles used for longer distance journeys will be the lions share of the fleet and will continue to use more traditional ICE powertrains.
In Heavy Duty freight transport, where the loss of payload that electrification would bring adversely impacts emissions per tonne of freight carried (because more trucks would be needed to haul the same payload) it predicts decarbonisation will be more dominated by ICE and advanced and alternative / bio fuels than on electrification.
Mmmmm, Hydrogen .
With regards to hydrogen, the road map sees progress on system cost and renewably produced hydrogen being likely negated by advances in battery technology (in electrified propulsion systems), and improvements in the availability of re-charging infrastructure that is the current Achilles heel of full electric vehicles. The roadmap concludes that ultra efficient ICE and low carbon fuels such as gas, will play a major role up to 2040 and possibly beyond.
So where is the smart money
So, armed with the conclusions drawn from these respected EU predictions, developers of new ICE technologies and advanced low carbon fuels will be able to convince potential investors or funders of the value of continued investment in ICE technologies. Internal combustion engines will not go away with the rise of electrification, they will simply become more complementary. The road map continues to outline the synergy of ICE in a hybrid powertrain; electric propulsion operates efficiently in transient conditions, but the ICE can outperform in high power scenarios and where range is a key factor, especially if designed in combination with novel transmissions and braking systems.
So there's also an opportunity for system integrators. Other opportunities highlighted in the report include reducing heat and friction losses, waste energy recovery systems and the contribution of advanced materials.
The report also strengthens the case for investment into scalable production of PtX, with Power to Liquid having a particular attraction as an energy carrier with drop in potential to decarbonise existing vehicles in existing fleets (an "as good as diesel " solution).
In addition, the recent EU communication, "A European Strategy for low-Emission Mobility" (Com(2016) 501 for those that want to look it up), begins to show the direction of political thinking.
Regarding fuels, the EU strategy document expresses concerns about transport's reliance on oil, (94% of transport energy in the EU). It uses as an example possible legislation to mandate blends including advanced bio fuels and synthetic fuels (Power to X). The EU, the document suggests, will focus on the phased replacement of food based bio fuels with advanced bio fuels, also promising to consider the investment required to make this possible. Amongst the options, it quotes lorries and coaches being well suited to advanced bio fuels as well as gas and synthetic methane (Power to Gas technologies). The document of course also emphasises existing directives on alternative fuel infrastructure roll out making strong reference to electric recharge points for EV's but also acknowledges the need for improvements in combustion engines and that low emission vehicles will complement zero emission vehicles as part of Europe's fleet.
But what about the user?
For a variety of reasons today's fully electrified vehicle doesn't satisfy the user experience demands of many of today's motorists. Efforts by innovators and vehicle manufacturers continue to chase this up the curve such that the uptake of electrified vehicles takes off. In parallel, advocates of the convenience factor and innovators of Thermal Propulsion Systems, (the new term used by the UK Automotive Council for internal combustion engines) also continue to look for new options. Both pathways however have the same head wind of cost to contend with.
One recent study "Alternative Fuels in the well to wheel debate" by FVV offers some perspective on how the apparent contradiction between user experience and low emissions might be resolved. Using a German example, the report sets out to demonstrate the feasibility of storing sustainable electricity in liquid or gaseous fuels which can be used to fuel a thermal propulsion system rather than stored completely in a battery (in a fully electric vehicle). The variety of propulsion systems, conventional ICE, hybrid or fully electrified are really just ways of converting energy into motion, each having different convenience, cost, and emission characteristics. The basic problem with conventional hydrocarbon fuels is that the creation of these natural resources, their use, the subsequent carbon releases and reabsorption by nature are on massively different time scales..... Enter global warming and climate change.
What does this do for carbon emissions?
There are 2 major advantages of using renewable power to create liquid or gaseous fuels.
1. It provides the energy dense fuels needed by many forms of transport to provide range and convenience to users, and combined into a hybrid electric propulsion system can also enable low emission vehicles with a user experience good enough to drive uptake by consumers, in turn delivering the air quality improvements demanded in our cities.
2. It creates the timely closure of the carbon cycle, where the carbon released by the burning of the synthetic fuels is exactly the same amount as the carbon (being extracted from ambient air), subsequently re synthesised into a renewable liquid or gas using PtX processes and renewable power. Almost like a circular carbon economy.
So from a technological view the solution to carbon emissions is renewable power, not just electricity produced in a conventional way. Taking a big picture view, the challenge is to find a way to store it with sufficient density as to provide the user experience required driving uptake; and that isn't necessarily going to be a battery on its own.
Convenience, Cost, and Emissions.
So, having talked about Convenience and Emissions, what about Cost. The FVV report mentioned above goes into some detail when considering future scenarios of transport demand and the mix of propulsion systems in play. These scenarios are created in the first place to profile estimates of the infrastructure costs involved to support these via renewable power and PtX, and secondly to characterise the likely unit costs for these alternative fuels at the pump. In all scenarios (based again on a German example), a target for 100% renewably powered transport is set at 2050. When the numbers are crunched the report suggests investment of between €600bn and €1400bn would be required for the necessary infrastructure. Between 70 to 80% of this investment, it is predicted, would be in renewable power plants, representing between 5 and 15 times the existing German installed capacity. Taking a middle scenario of €1000bn amortised over the 35 years to 2050 equates to low single digit percentages of the German national GDP, a figure which the report suggests is manageable.
So, with the economic cost in context, what about the cost to the consumer. For the purpose of this analysis the FVV report references a separate piece of work by Ludwig- Bölkow-Systemtechnik GmbH. The analysis is based on a 2050 oil price of $100 per barrel and estimated costs for energy and annual opportunity for renewable power generation based on a German example. The output from the analysis suggests that for a variety of fuel types (synthetic gas or liquid fuels excluding taxes) a price of of around €2.5 per diesel equivalent litre where 80% of this is the renewable power required in the process. Compared to €0.61 for diesel based on $100 oil, this is a significant difference, but one that seems surprising low to me considering the environmental benefits it could produce. The report goes on to suggest that new business models such as the use of concentrated carbon dioxide directly from process industries eroding the difference, as could the relative natural advantages of one country to the next (opportunity for renewable generation).
What does it all add up to?
My take on this is that in the long term, users will have a strong influence on the switch to low and zero emission mobility and that as a result one size probably won't fit all. The result will most likely be a mixture of propulsion technologies to fit the pocket preferences and needs of individuals and businesses. Thermal Propulsion will almost certainly retain a significant role in vehicle propulsion due to its flexibility, and like many other technologies - including hydrogen fuel cells, and batteries for electrification - will continue to improve. But it's the role of renewable power that is the common enabler of low and zero emissions mobility, not just electrification. New ways to reduce the cost of converting this into increasingly dense stores will influence user preference, producing many unexpected twists and turns along the way.
The full FVV report is available on the FVV website: www.fvv-net.de
By Becky Corfield
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Disembarking in Manila for the first time is the much-awaited movie of every sci-fi avid fan's dream –Ikarie XB-1.This excellent 1963 Czech saga directed by Jindřich Polák was one of the solid inspirations that precedes and foreshadows a number of internationally famous space-genre works, with Star Trek, among some of them.
In Gene Roddenberry's blockbuster billion-dollar Star Trek franchise, the audience can surely note more than a few trace elements of Ikarie XB-1. Although, it can be argued that "nobody has yet found the smoking gun that proves Roddenberry watched Ikarie XB-1, at best, nobody can really say he did not," says Czech Ambassador Jaroslav Olša, jr., himself a science fiction aficionado and notes, that Ikarie XB-1 "had seen its US release in 1963 in a dubbed version and under the title Journey to the End of the Universe." The parallels emerge primarily from the story about a large starship that functions as a small inhabitable world – with corridors, living quarters, recreation areas and dining rooms – that is on a mission to explore new worlds and new life. The similarities of Star Trek andIkarie XB-1 are undeniable, as seen in the futuristic interior of the ship looking like an abstract art gallery with food synthesizers and engine rooms and a computer voice dominating the ships' command.
As you absorb the imagery of Ikarie XB-1, you may detect a note of uncanny familiarity not only with Gene Roddenberry´s Star Trek, but also Stanley Kubrick´s 2001: A Space Odyssey as Kubrick is known to have watched the film in English several times while researching his 2001 project with Arthur C. Clarke.
Ikarie XB-1 is a genuine achievement on a number of fronts with its avant-garde production design, special effects and engaging characters especially for its time. Shot in black-and-white displaying dramatic light and shadow effects, its cinematography by Jan Kališ is striking within depth along with Zdeněk Liška´s moody electronic score that set the film's hypnotic pacing with feelings of isolation, mystery, and dread.
The 2:35 widescreen remastered version of Ikarie XB-1, which became part of the Cannes Film Festival 2016 line-up, will be shown at the Cinematheque Centre Manila on April 11 at 6:30 in the evening, once again as part of the yearlong Czech Movie Gems' special feature. The film will be introduced to the viewing public by none other than Czech Ambassador to the Philippines, Jaroslav Olša, jr., a life-long science fiction fan and the author of Czech-language Encyclopedia of Science Fiction.


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Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength of denture base resins to surface pretreated cobalt chromium base metal alloys--an in vitro study.
A. M. Aazad, P. Shetty, S. Bhat, M. Joseph
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore
This study was undertaken to evaluate the tensile bond strength of acrylic resins to surface pretreated Cobalt-chromium base metal alloy. A total of 60 tensile bar specimens were prepared. One half of the bar was cast in cobalt-chromium alloy and the other half made of denture base resins attached to the alloy following surface pretreatment. Two denture base resins and five surface pre-treatments were used which included sandblasting, acid etching, use of metal adhesive primers and the combination of the above mentioned modes. Gradual axial loads were applied on the tensile bar specimen mounted on a Hounsfield tensometer till bond failure was evident. Statistical evaluation was done using Mann-Whitney U test. The study results indicate that the bond strength in those specimens wherein a combination of sandblasting, acid etching and priming was done as surface pretreatment, showed the maximum values as compared to the other groups.
Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research
Denture Bases
Nonparametric Statistics
Metal Primer
Dentistry(all)
Aazad, A. M., Shetty, P., Bhat, S., & Joseph, M. (2001). Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength of denture base resins to surface pretreated cobalt chromium base metal alloys--an in vitro study. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research, 12(3), 159-165.
Aazad, A. M. ; Shetty, P. ; Bhat, S. ; Joseph, M. / Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength of denture base resins to surface pretreated cobalt chromium base metal alloys--an in vitro study. In: Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2001 ; Vol. 12, No. 3. pp. 159-165.
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title = "Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength of denture base resins to surface pretreated cobalt chromium base metal alloys--an in vitro study.",
abstract = "This study was undertaken to evaluate the tensile bond strength of acrylic resins to surface pretreated Cobalt-chromium base metal alloy. A total of 60 tensile bar specimens were prepared. One half of the bar was cast in cobalt-chromium alloy and the other half made of denture base resins attached to the alloy following surface pretreatment. Two denture base resins and five surface pre-treatments were used which included sandblasting, acid etching, use of metal adhesive primers and the combination of the above mentioned modes. Gradual axial loads were applied on the tensile bar specimen mounted on a Hounsfield tensometer till bond failure was evident. Statistical evaluation was done using Mann-Whitney U test. The study results indicate that the bond strength in those specimens wherein a combination of sandblasting, acid etching and priming was done as surface pretreatment, showed the maximum values as compared to the other groups.",
author = "Aazad, {A. M.} and P. Shetty and S. Bhat and M. Joseph",
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Aazad, AM, Shetty, P, Bhat, S & Joseph, M 2001, 'Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength of denture base resins to surface pretreated cobalt chromium base metal alloys--an in vitro study.', Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 159-165.
Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength of denture base resins to surface pretreated cobalt chromium base metal alloys--an in vitro study. / Aazad, A. M.; Shetty, P.; Bhat, S.; Joseph, M.
In: Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research, Vol. 12, No. 3, 01.07.2001, p. 159-165.
T1 - Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength of denture base resins to surface pretreated cobalt chromium base metal alloys--an in vitro study.
AU - Aazad, A. M.
AU - Shetty, P.
AU - Bhat, S.
AU - Joseph, M.
N2 - This study was undertaken to evaluate the tensile bond strength of acrylic resins to surface pretreated Cobalt-chromium base metal alloy. A total of 60 tensile bar specimens were prepared. One half of the bar was cast in cobalt-chromium alloy and the other half made of denture base resins attached to the alloy following surface pretreatment. Two denture base resins and five surface pre-treatments were used which included sandblasting, acid etching, use of metal adhesive primers and the combination of the above mentioned modes. Gradual axial loads were applied on the tensile bar specimen mounted on a Hounsfield tensometer till bond failure was evident. Statistical evaluation was done using Mann-Whitney U test. The study results indicate that the bond strength in those specimens wherein a combination of sandblasting, acid etching and priming was done as surface pretreatment, showed the maximum values as compared to the other groups.
AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the tensile bond strength of acrylic resins to surface pretreated Cobalt-chromium base metal alloy. A total of 60 tensile bar specimens were prepared. One half of the bar was cast in cobalt-chromium alloy and the other half made of denture base resins attached to the alloy following surface pretreatment. Two denture base resins and five surface pre-treatments were used which included sandblasting, acid etching, use of metal adhesive primers and the combination of the above mentioned modes. Gradual axial loads were applied on the tensile bar specimen mounted on a Hounsfield tensometer till bond failure was evident. Statistical evaluation was done using Mann-Whitney U test. The study results indicate that the bond strength in those specimens wherein a combination of sandblasting, acid etching and priming was done as surface pretreatment, showed the maximum values as compared to the other groups.
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JF - Indian Journal of Dental Research
Aazad AM, Shetty P, Bhat S, Joseph M. Comparative evaluation of tensile bond strength of denture base resins to surface pretreated cobalt chromium base metal alloys--an in vitro study. Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research. 2001 Jul 1;12(3):159-165.


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2021 Business Call
Amaz announces selected businesses for pre-acceleration in November
From November 8th to 11th, entrepreneurs from 12 businesses selected by AMAZ impact accelerator to participate in the pre-acceleration process will be together in Presidente Figueiredo, in the interior of Amazonas, in an immersion journey to develop their business plans and thesis of social and environmental impact on the Amazon. The pre-acceleration continues throughout the entire month of November, virtually, with access to advice, mentoring and technical support from the AMAZ and Idesam (Institute for Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Amazon) team.
The business performance in this period will define the six that will be accelerated and will receive an investment of R$ 200 thousand in 2022.
The objective is to help entrepreneurs understand and maximize their business growth capacity in financial, technical, operational terms and, especially, in terms of positive social and environmental impact.
"Pre-acceleration is the final step in the selection process. Only half of the businesses will receive investment and will join AMAZ's portfolio in 2021, but all 12 that have made it so far are already winners will receive our support during 1 month of the pre-acceleration phase, which qualifies them to seek new support or join the portfolio in 2022" defines Mariano Cenamo, director of new businesses at Idesam and CEO of AMAZ.
The 12 finalist businesses work with innovative solutions for the development of products and services in strategic value chains for the conservation of the Amazon, such as forest restoration and production, commercialization of socio-biodiversity products, environmental services and the carbon market, food, forest products timber and non-timber, agroforestry systems, cosmetics and community-based tourism.
They are located in the states of Pará, Roraima, Acre, São Paulo and Minas Gerais, with operations in the northern region. Call 2021 enabled the registration of businesses whose operations take place in the Legal Amazon, but which could also be based in other regions of the country.
AMAZ's selection was focused on early stage businesses that have already validated their product or service in the market and are preferably already earning more than R$ 500 thousand per year. Most businesses are in the traction, pre-scale and scale phases. Some projects in earlier stages were selected for presenting innovative solutions and with the potential to gain post-acceleration scale.
"We were very impressed with the quality of the businesses and the scale of impact we can achieve with them. We strongly believe that building a new economy depends on attracting and developing good entrepreneurs and innovative businesses in the region," says Cenamo.
The projects selected for acceleration and investment in 2022 will be announced in December.
The impact accelerator AMAZ is coordinated by Idesam (Institute for the Conservation and Sustainable Development of the Amazon), and has a hybrid finance fund (blended finance) of R$ 25 million for investment in impact businesses over the next five years, the first geared exclusively to the region.
Its founders are the Vale Fund, the Humanize Institute, the ICS (Climate and Society Institute), the Good Energies Foundation and the JBS Amazon Fund. Its strategic partners are PPA (Platform Partners for the Amazon) and GIZ (German Cooperation Agency), and it also has a wide network of partners such as Move.Social, Sense-Lab, Mercado Livre, ICE, Costa Brasil, Climate Ventures and private investors.
Discover the businesses that will participate in the pre-acceleration:
► Amazon Hub = E-commerce of products from the Amazon's socio-biodiversity. It was born with the proposal to work with all the links in the chain necessary for Amazonian brands to be able to access the consumer market, but chose to streamline the strategy and work with specialized partners in each area, focusing on e-commerce sales, digital marketing and promotion of the products. It operates in the states of AC, AM and PA.
► Aromas of the Amazon = Started as a project by the company Agrotec Consultoria – which has been operating for eight years in the Transamazônica-Xingu region in the areas of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension. Its main objective is to meet the demands and services in the agribusiness segment, with a focus on low-carbon technologies. It operates in the state of PA.
► BrCarbon = Climate Tech Brasileira created to promote forest conservation and ecological restoration actions. It works with financial flows from the carbon market to promote natural climate solutions. It works with innovative strategies and through the adoption of cutting-edge technologies to accelerate, multiply and consolidate carbon projects in Brazil. It operates in the states of AC, AP, AM, MT, PA, RO, RR, TO and MA.
► Bravo Acai = Healthy food brand and superfoods. In addition to dreaming of a market with healthier products, it also seeks to change its business model: it wants to impact communities directly, not buying from Marajó middlemen, buying and supporting the economic development of açaí producers in the region, and investing in certification and in the improvement of processes. It works in partnership with Bio-Assets (REDD+ project) in the region. It operates in the states of AP and PA.
► Coopercintra = The Cooperative of Family Farmers and
Solidarity Economy of Nova Cintra was created with the objective of operating and marketing non-timber forest products (such as muru-muru, for example, which is the flagship today), already worked on by the local association. It operates in the state of AC.
► Floresta SA = Scaled regenerative models, with a portfolio of 10 agricultural and timber crops. In addition to bioeconomy products, it brings to the financial market an opportunity for direct investment in agroforestry in the Amazon, with a target return of 17% per year. It operates in the RR state.
► Inocas = Its objective is to generate an alternative to soy and palm oil, leveraging the macaúba production chain as a source of sustainable vegetable oils. The company's pilot is located in the Cerrado biome region of Alto Paranaíba, MG, and will have implemented, by the end of 2021, the planting of 2,000 hectares of macaúba in an agroforestry system in partnership with family farmers. The company is already in the pre-operation phase of its first expansion, located in the region of Vale do Paraíba, SP, and also intends to start in 2021 the expansion to the Legal Amazon, with the planting of 3,000 hectares.
► Kawa = Offers its customers a line of natural restorative phytocosmetics, both for those who use them and for the environments from which the inputs come. Among its suppliers are the Ashaninka and Huni Kuin peoples in Acre and Guarani in São Paulo. It operates in the state of AC.
► Mahta = Foodtech that operates in the area of food supplements produced with ingredients predominantly from Amazonian communities. It aims to generate innovation and value, in addition to reducing negative environmental impacts, through production chains with the participation of local communities, a model that can be replicated for systemic change in the food industry. Simultaneously, it will deliver differentiated nutritional value to consumers, boosting the conservation and regeneration of the Amazon. It intends to act in the states of AC, AM, MT, PA, RO and RR.
► Pacajá Furniture = Production of furniture and decorative objects from forest management waste. The business is linked to the ABC Norte Farm (Fazenda Pacajá) and seeks to use waste and promote the company's socio-environmental responsibility program. The farm's main activity is certified sustainable forest management (PEFC/CERFLOR) for wood production. The dream is to expand the furniture industry project to other surrounding communities, adding them to the production of furniture and, thus, guaranteeing sustainable income alternatives for these families. It operates in the state of PA.
► Soul Brasil Cuisine = Its mission is to present products with ingredients from Brazilian biodiversity – especially the Amazon – sustainable, organic, vegan and free of artificial substances for Brazil and the world. It has been in the market for almost three years, present mainly in emporiums and supermarkets in the Rio and São Paulo axis, in addition to exporting to the United States and Europe. The products have organic certification. It operates in the states of AM, PA and AC.
► cheers = Conducts expeditions in Brazilian Conservation Units through
community-based tourism. It seeks to act in the country's socio-environmental development in an innovative way, bringing together experiences with communities, nature and volunteering in expeditions. It operates in the states of AM, PA, MA and GO.
Photo: Vivalá collection
2020 Impact Report - PPA Acceleration Program
Manioca, Peabiru and Da Tribu participate in the World Bioeconomy Forum, and Chocolates De Mendes wins startup of the year award
AMAZ selects 06 innovative businesses for its portfolio in 2022
Model C, applied in AMAZ's pre-acceleration, encourages business and impact to be thought of together
AMAZ completes the pre-acceleration process of the 12 finalist businesses and will announce selected in December
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Discover the businesses that will be accelerated and will receive investment in 2022
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The Cognac vineyard is the cradle of the famous brandy of the same name. Discover its winemaking traditions and the historic villages of Cognac and Saintes.
Extending over nearly 75,000 hectares, the Cognac vineyard is the largest white-grape vineyard in Europe. Combining a diversity of soils and a microclimate, it covers almost all of the Charente and the Charente-Maritime districts and combines the influences of the continent and the nearby sea. The Cognac vineyard comprises six high-quality cru grape-growing areas, each reflecting the expression of the soil, the country and the landscape. Around the historic villages of Cognac and Saintes, five wine and tourist routes allow you to explore the richness of the vineyards. Enjoy tasting and cooking courses, the Museum of the Arts of Cognac, great excursions, and introductions to how to tend the grape vines, and complete your trip with visits to the Roman churches, Gallo-Roman relics and chateaux.
Cognac is a fine brandy, produced by a double distillation of white wines, a long maturing period in oak casks, and the blending of brandies of different types and ages. Under the responsibility of the cellar master, the blending process allows for the creation of a cognac unique to each producer. The traditional producers organize numerous themed visits to take you behind the scenes of one of the most prestigious spirits.
1.Celebrate the distillation with the brandy distillers from December to February.
2.Pedal through the vineyards on three local circuits: Cognac, Jarnac and Segonzac.
3.Visit Saintes (Gallo-Romains relics, Roman architecture) and Cognac, the 'City of Art and History' where François I was born.
Six top-quality crus (Grande Champagne, Petite Champagne, Borderies, Fins Bois, Bons Bois, Bois Ordinaires or à Terroir).
White: Ugni Blanc, plus Colombard and Folle Blanche.
Drinking Cognac in Cognac by Whitney A.
Château de Mirambeau: set out in search of cognac!


Kong is the lendgary Dog Treat Toy your dog will love. Don't deprive your dog of the Kong Dog Treat stuffing toys and dog treat snaps and pastes that will provide hours of fun for your dog.
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BM is very active and we were thinking of letting him try baseball last year and whimped out. We decided to enjoy our last few months free of schedules and such. Since he was to start kindergarten this month.
Anyway, I knew soccer was a fall sport and I did look into it, but sign ups were ages ago. Egads.
I should put the baseball/softball dates on the calendar, and soccer - as a reminder to be a little more on the ball. (unintended pun).
For the best, he seems overwhelmed with school. I discussed with dh and we decided no new activities for the year. It's only K, but it is all day and they have PE, art and even spanish. I think he has enough to occupy him. Best of all, all that is "free."
BUT I did pick up the community center catalog on a whim, while at aerobics yesterday morning. (My $2.50 aerobic/yoga class. I can't imagine life without that gem. LOVE the community center).
I had already perused it online, and didn't expect much. Will probably keep it financially low key the rest of the year and such. & considering our talks of giving BM a break.
BUT as I flipped through, dh did mention that BM has talked much about going to his karate class.
We dropped it because it was moved from evening to 4:30; a terrible time. But it was "only" $7.50 per class and was just AWESOME. He LOVED it. Now it fits in rather well as an after-school activity. So we can reconsider it.
So we decided to sign him up yesterday. The $30/month would not make or break us.
I was also pleased when I hurriedly signed up online, before month-end when it becomes an infinitely more complicated sign-up process, I was so pleased to see that they dropped all service charges for online registration. IT was only $2-$3 per class but it just annoyed me to no end.
So instead I was charged a flat $30, and life is good.
BUT my parents called me with an interesting proposition yesterday. They wanted to add on to our Verizon family plan. They pay $50/month for some ancient/bare bones Verizon plan and we pay $80/month for some newer Verizon family plan. We've had it forever and shop around every couple of years, but recently upgraded to a modern plan from our ancient one. It's nice to actually have minutes.
I primarily use my phone for emergencies and to talk to my spouse (free) and to KIT with out parents ("free" long distance). The rest of our family as well.
Anyway, it only cost $20/month to add their 2 lines, and it turns out we could have different area codes, and I guess really we don't even have to be family. I am LOVING this.
We will split the bill in half, which means our bill will probably go down from $80/month to $50/month.
& that pretty much covers BM's karate passion, for a while.
The best part was I was trying to talk my folks into coming up for a visit, and they decided to come up last minute to get our phones set up. So they came up yesterday and we had a delightful visit. Now I just have to get used to calling my mom on her cell.
We decided to stick with our 700-minute plan since we mostly call each other anyway. My parents did not have free roaming or long distance, or any minutes for that matter, so this is quite an upgrade for them, for the same price they were paying. Anyway, I will monitor our usage and we'll give it a whirl. I don't expect we will have to upgrade our minutes, but I guess we should test it all out before I get too excited... We'll see how the month goes.
Anyway, MIL is still very excited to pay for piano lessons for BM, but I think it is all way too much for right now. I think ideally I should have been teaching him more when he was younger. He was so bored with reading so early on (he had SUCH a letter obsession as a baby he knew the entire alphabet at 18 months and could read well enough at 2.5) I considered teaching him to read music as a way to challenge him. I figured he was certainly ready and maybe it would REALLY Stick to learn at age 4. But I was lazy and never really got around to it.
At this point he is so busy at school, it's like, what's the hurry. What's another 6 months. But with MIL's promise to foot the bill, we will get around to it while he is 5, I am sure. I started piano lessons at 6 so I know the world will not end if we wait a year... More age, maturity, and patience is probably preferred.
I think it is important for the kids to learn music, and not so sure the public schools will come through like they did for us, in these times. BUT I also don't expect BM to be much of a musician. LM is clearly the musical one. So we'll see. I have the feeling LM will fare more with music lessons and band practices, and that BM will be rather sporty. Which is interesting since no one in our family has ANY interest in sports, but we will brave those waters for our child.
LM has NO interest in letters and reading, even at 3, but he already composes his own music. So the differences in their brains is CLEAR.
I assume he has no interest in sports like the rest of us, but that is probably a pretty broad assumption for now. Having a big brother to look up to changes the playing field, as it were. He may be more interested in keeping up with big bro than seriously considering his own wants. Or maybe he will genuinely be sporty too... I just don't see it, for now.
Well, it's the lifestyle I have been dreading. Kindergarten! School! Schedules!
It really hasn't started out so bad.
BM had friday off, and monday off of course.
There doesn't seem to be much rushing with a 8:30 start time (& a 2-minute-drive to the school).
& for now, this is the start time through 5th grade. I am rather pleased with it all.
About my only gripe for now.
I feel your pain about school and vacation schedules--that's been the worst for us. And my university spring break is, of course, at a different time than DD's.
Same thing with our planning for a summer trip--I hate to travel in the middle of summer with heat, long lines, and high fares. We do pull DD out a couple times a year for a couple of vacation days. That might not always possible, but right now, it's ok.
I don't know what's going on, but I'm here for the free Karate!


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sdl_ogl_context::sdl_ogl_context(SDL_Window *sdl_window)
{
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  SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 3);
  SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 2);
	SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE);
	SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_RED_SIZE, 5);
	SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_GREEN_SIZE, 5);
	SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_BLUE_SIZE, 5);
	SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 24);
	SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, 1);
	SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLEBUFFERS, 1);
	SDL_GL_SetAttribute(SDL_GL_MULTISAMPLESAMPLES, 8);

  m_sdl_gl_context = SDL_GL_CreateContext(sdl_window);
  //SDL_ERROR("Renderer::Renderer() - SDL_GL_CreateContext");
  assert(m_sdl_gl_context);

  SDL_GL_MakeCurrent(sdl_window, m_sdl_gl_context);
  //SDL_ERROR("Renderer::Renderer() - SDL_GL_MakeCurrent");
}

void sdl_ogl_context::swap_buffer()
{
  SDL_GL_SwapWindow(m_sdl_window);
}


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