Every five years all non-domestic (business) properties are assessed and given new rateable values, based on rental values and for the purpose of calculating liability for business rates.
The Government deferred the 2015 revaluation to 1st April 2017.
Revaluation maintains fairness in the rating system, by ensuring the rates paid by each business reflects changes in the relative rental value of the property over time.
What Is My Rateable Value and How Is It Calculated?
Rateable value, broadly speaking is the annual rental value that a property could be let for on a common valuation date 1st April 2015.
The rateable value provided by the Valuation Office Agency is then used by Flintshire County Council as a basis for calculating your business rates bill.
I Have a Query About My Rateable Value, Revaluation or Wish To Appeal?
Welsh Government recently announced a £23.6m package of additional funding across Wales to continue and expand the High Street Rates Relief Scheme to eligible ratepayers for 2019-20.
The enhanced scheme, fully funded by Welsh Government, will provide support of up to £2,500 towards Business Rates bills for retail properties with a rateable value of up to £50,000.
As well as increasing the level of support for retailers in town centres, the enhanced scheme will support retailers in other locations.
Ratepayers that occupy more than one property may be entitled to High Street and Retail Rates Relief, subject to State Aid limits.
Retail Relief will be applied to the net bill based on occupation as at 31st March 2019 (providing the same occupier continues to be in occupation on 1st April 2019) after all other reliefs, such as Small Business Rate Relief, have been awarded. So if the net liability for a property after all other reliefs is less than £2,500, the maximum level of retail rate relief will be capped at the net bill amount.
Eligibility for the relief will be calculated based on the circumstances of the property and ratepayer as at 1 April 2019.
Empty properties becoming occupied after 1 April 2019 will qualify for this relief.
If there is a change in occupier part way through the financial year, after relief has already been provided to the hereditament, the new occupier will qualify for the relief on a prop-rata basis.
It is considered that 'retailers' will be broadly defined as any occupying property falling within any one of three categories as listed below.
The list below sets out the type of uses that Welsh Government does not consider to be retail for the purpose of this relief and would not be deemed eligible.
Those properties that are in receipt of 80% Mandatory Charitable Rate Relief are also not eligible for High Street and Retail Rate Relief.
To apply for this relief, please complete our online form.
How do I register or notify changes?
If you would like to register for Business Rates, or advise us that you have moved, please complete our online Moving Property form.
If you make any changes to a business property, for example, build an extension or change a shop to a workshop, the rateable value may change. You will need to advise us of any changes you make. The Valuation Office Agency (VOA) will then decide what the rateable value should be. They will tell us their decision and we will send you a new bill.
You must pay the bill you already have until this happens. We cannot change the charge until the Valuation Officer changes the rateable value. If you do not agree with the new rateable value, you must tell the Valuation Officer.
The Non Domestic rates collected by billing authorities are paid into a central pool and redistributed to County and County Borough Councils and Police and Crime Commissioner for North Wales. Your Council and Police and Crime Commissioner use their shares of redistributed rate income, together with income from their Non Domestic Rates payers, revenue support grant provided by the National Assembly for Wales and certain other sums, to pay for the services they provide.
For further information about your bill, ways to pay, reliefs and exemptions or the spending plans for the Council please click on this link to view the Your Guide to Non Domestic Rates booklet.
Each business property is given a rateable value. This is independently assessed by the Valuation Office Agency (opens in new window) and represents the open market rental value of the property as at the valuation date. For the 2010 Rating List this is the 1st April 2008. Because the cost to rent a property often goes up, the Valuation Office Agency look at the rateable values every five years to make any changes that are needed.
The rate bill is calculated by multiplying the rateable value by the rate multiplier. The rate multiplier is set by the Welsh Government and is reviewed annually.
The national non domestic multiplier is the rate in the pound by which the rateable value is multiplied to produce the annual rate bill for the property. It is set annually by the Welsh Government and except in a revaluation year cannot, by law, rise more than the amount of the increase in the retail price index.
E-billing is the new way to receive your Business Rate bill. Instead of getting a traditional paper bill we will send your bill by e-mail.
• You can view your bill as soon as it is available and keep a copy on file.
• You still have the choice to download and print your bill.
• You can redistribute copies of bills quickly and electronically.
• Each person named on the bill can receive their own copy at the e-mail address given for each person.
• Bills are issued direct to the intended recipient and are not delayed by post.
To register to receive e-bills, simply complete the short application form.
Once you are registered, we will send you a username and a random password to the address that we normally write to you at. When you receive them you should login into My Accounts and change them both to something that you can remember more easily. We strongly advise that you do this for your own security.
Our secure server software encrypts all your personal information. Encryption means taking original data (e.g. your username, customer account number and account details) and converting into coded data so that it is unrecognisable as it travels across the Internet. We comply with the Data Protection Act.
We comply with the Data Protection Act 2018 which ensures the protection and care of personal information.
More information is available about the Data Protection Act.
Every non domestic property has a Rateable Value which is set by the Valuation Office Agency (VOA). A Rateable Value broadly represents the annual rent the property could be expected to achieve on the open market at the date of valuation.
The current rateable values for all properties are based on April 2017 commercial rental prices and can be accessed in the 2017 Rating List which and lists every business property, full address, description and rateable value.
You can access the VOA Rating List (new window) to find out the current Rateable Value of your property.
Alternatively, you can contact the Valuation Office Agency by telephone or via email.
Rateable values are assessed by the Valuation Office Agency (VOA). If you think that your rateable value is incorrect you will need to appeal to the VOA direct.
The VOA will be able to answer any questions you may have, and can explain how the rateable value has been calculated. They will also be able to tell you under which circumstances an amendment to the rateable value might be appropriate.
If you are considering making a proposal to change your rateable value you may wish to contact a rating adviser. Members of the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (new window) (RICS) and Institute of Revenues and Valuation (new window) (IRRV) are regulated by rules of professional conduct designed to protect the public from misconduct. You can find details of these organisations and their members on their website's.
Before employing a rating adviser, and particularly before employing one who is not a member of one of those bodies, you should satisfy yourself that he or she has the necessary knowledge and expertise, as well as appropriate indemnity insurance.
Please be careful before entering into any contract and take advice if necessary before you do so. And bear in mind that no matter how persuasive they may be, no one can guarantee reductions in rateable value. These are always subject to the agreement of the Valuation Office Agency or the decisions of a Valuation Tribunal or higher court.
If I appeal against my rateable value – will I still have to pay?
Yes. Rates are payable based on the rateable value which appears in the current Rating List and if you do not pay as shown on your bill, recovery action will have to be taken, even though an appeal may be outstanding. If your appeal is successful and your rates are reduced, interest is usually payable on any overpayment, providing further recovery action has not commenced. If you are having difficulty paying your Business Rates, please get in touch with us straight away.
You can make payment using telephone or internet banking. Simply quote the Council's bank details (Sort Code 54 10 10, Account Number 72521775), and quote your Business Rates reference number as shown on your bill.
The majority of our customers choose to pay by Direct Debit. If you would like to change to this method of payment. Please contact the Business Rates Team on (01352) 704848. We are usually able to set your Direct Debits up over the telephone. Alternatively, you can download our Business Rates Direct Debit form.
You can make payment with most credit or debit cards on our automated telephone payment service by calling 01352 704 470 and following the prompts given.
You can make payment by cash or cheque at any bank, but you may be charged for this service. It is important that you quote the Council's bank details (Sort Code 54 10 10, Account Number 72521775), along with your Business Rates Reference number.
Cheques may be sent through the post, made payable to 'Flintshire County Council' and posted to the address shown on the front of your bill. It is important to write your Business Rates reference number on the back of your cheque. Please allow 7 days for your payment to reach your account. We will send a receipt if you request one.
Most occupied Business premises with a rateable value up to £6,000 will receive 100% relief and those with a rateable value between £6,001 and £12,000 will receive relief that will be reduced on a tapered basis from 100% to zero.
Businesses operating as childcare providers and occupying properties with a rateable value of up to £6,000 receive 100% rate relief and those with a rateable value between £6,001 and £20,500 will receive relief that will be reduced on a tapered basis from 100% to zero.
Welsh Government have announced that with effect from 1st April 2019, childcare providers will receive a higher level of rate relief under the Welsh Small Business Rate Relief.
From 1st April 2019, all registered child care providers in Wales will be awarded 100% business rate relief regardless of the rateable value of the premises.
The higher level of rate relief is designed to help the sector in delivering the Welsh childcare offer of 30 hours of early education and childcare, helping working parents of three to four-year-olds access employment opportunities; support economic wellbeing and long term growth.
Businesses operating as Post Offices and occupying properties with a rateable value of up to £9,000 receive 100% rate relief and those with a rateable value between £9,001 and £12,000 will receive 50% rate relief.
Changes to Welsh Government regulations that come into effect from 1st April 2018 will now limit the number of properties eligible for Small Business Rate Relief for multiple businesses.
In cases where a ratepayer is liable for more than two properties on a single local non-domestic rating list ("local list"), and those properties meet only the rateable value conditions, the ratepayer will only receive relief for a maximum of two such properties.
The intention of this change is to allow rate relief to be targeted more effectively to support small and local businesses as opposed to larger businesses or national chains.
Under Article 4 of the regulations, where a ratepayer is liable to pay business rates for more than two properties shown on the local Non Domestic Rating list in each Council area, which satisfy the rateable value conditions, the ratepayer must give notice of those properties to the Council as soon as it is reasonable to do so.
It is the responsibility of the ratepayer to advise the Council if they are currently receiving more than two instances of Small Business Rate Relief in relation to any properties they are responsible for paying business rates on. To report a change of circumstances you can get in touch with the Council.
Registered Charities and Community Amateur Sports Clubs (CASC) can apply for Mandatory relief of 80% if the premises occupied by the Charity or CASC are wholly or mainly used for charitable purposes.
Charity shops, providing the premises are used wholly or mainly for the sale of donated goods and where the proceeds of sales are used for the charity only.
Community Amateur Sport Clubs registered with HM Revenue and Customs.
In cases where ratepayers are registered Charities or registered as a CASC and receive 80% Mandatory Rate Relief, the Council will usually award up to 20% additional Discretionary 'top up' relief to those organisations who occupy small premises with a rateable value of £6,000 or less. Organisations occupying premises with a rateable value of £6,001 or greater will not usually be considered for discretionary 'top-up' relief.
In cases where voluntary and not-for-profits organisations are not registered with the Charity Commission or registered as a CASC, the Council may award Discretionary Rate Relief at a level up to 100% to those organisations who occupy small premises with a rateable value of £6,000 or less. Organisations occupying premises with a rateable value of £6,001 or greater will usually be awarded Discretionary Rate Relief at a level not exceeding 80%.
You can download the application form for Mandatory and/or Discretionary Rate reliefs.
The ratepayer is able to satisfy the Council that they are not able to meet their full Business Rates liability or part of their liability.
The ratepayer is able to demonstrate that all reasonable steps have been taken to meet their full Business Rates liability.
The ratepayer can prove that their current circumstances are unlikely to improve in the following 12 months making payment of the Business Rates impossible.
The ratepayer has no access to assets that could be realised and used to pay the Business Rates.
The closure of the business would be a significant loss to the community where they are located.
Any business can make application for Part Occupation Relief where it appears to the authority that part of a property is unoccupied for a 'short period of time'.
When exercising discretion the Council must have regard to the general rule that a person who occupies part of a property is deemed to occupy the whole of the property.
It is not intended that because part of a property is not in use that it should be taken out of rating.
However, where there are practical difficulties in occupying or vacating a property in one operation, or where a building or manufacturing site becomes temporarily redundant it might be reasonable to award rate relief.
Part Occupation Relief is now time limited to 3 months for most businesses and 6 months for industrial properties due to the introduction of the Empty Property Relief changes. Application to be made in writing to include a plan of the premises indicating the unoccupied part.
What are the charges on empty properties?
If your property has already received the three or six month exemption period (three months for non industrial properties and six month for industrial properties) and the rateable value is £2,600 or more, you will be required to pay Business Rates at the full rate if the property remains empty and unoccupied.
• If the property has been empty for less than three months or six months for factories and warehouses.
• A property with a rateable value of less than £2,600.
• Where the owner is entitled to possession of the property only in the capacity as the personal representative of a deceased person.
• Where the owner is a liquidator or a trustee under a deed of arrangement or the owner is subject to a bankruptcy order, or as a company is subject to winding up order or an administration order.
• Where a property is kept empty due to action taken by or on behalf of the Crown or any local or public authority with a view to prohibiting occupation or to acquiring it.
• Where occupation is prohibited by law.
• Unoccupied properties owned and likely to be next occupied by charities and Community Amateur Sports Clubs.
Any payments or offers of repayment should then be made to the Debt Enforcement Team.
Visit one of our connects offices based in Mold, Flint, Holywell, Buckley and Connah's Quay.


Over 1.2 million New Jersey workers, 38 percent of the state's private-sector workforce, don't get paid sick days.
That doesn't mean these employees don't get sick. It means they don't get paid if they have to stay home when they're ill. A bill in the legislature would change that and it has the backing of a new and growing coalition as well as the top lawmaker in the Assembly.
The measure introduced by State Senate Majority Leader Loretta Weinberg and Assemblywoman Pamela Lampitt would allow New Jersey workers to earn up to seven paid sick days a year (five days if a workplace has fewer than 20 employees). Employees could access the days to recover from illness, seek preventive care or care for an ill family member without having to worry about losing a day's pay.
Female leaders from across the state are banding together to urge the state to ensure all workers in the state have access to earned sick days. The women include donors and philanthropists, labor and civil rights leaders, writers, academics, politicians and advocates. Their group is called the New Jersey Time to Care coalition.
"The bottom line is clear: a healthy economy needs healthy workers," says Lampitt. "Forcing employees to choose between their health and their paycheck puts a huge drag on business productivity, while risking the health of the employee, co-workers and the public. That's why the modest paid sick leave requirement I have proposed is good news both for New Jersey's workers and New Jersey's economy."
A bill cannot be posted for a vote in the Assembly unless the Speaker chooses to move the legislation. That won't be an issue with this bill.
"Earned sick leave is an issue whose time has come," says Assembly Speaker Sheila Oliver. "The legislators in New Jersey will move toward enacting earned sick days."
A number of states and cities, most recently in New York City, have already adopted earned sick days policy for their workers, and more are exploring the idea. A survey of business owners in San Francisco, where they have had an earned sick days policy since 2006, found that two-thirds of business owners support the policy and six in seven employers report no negative impact on profitability.
Not everyone is thrilled with this bill. The National Federation of Independent Business (NFIB) in New Jersey is opposed saying the under legislation if an employee doesn't come to work, the business owner still has to pay that worker and either pay another employee for doing that work or do the work themselves which hurts productivity.
"This idea is going to cost jobs and the people who will suffer are going to be the single, low-wage women whom the advocates say they want to help," says NFIB spokesman Jack Mozloom. "All of these good intentions politicians and busybody activists want to mandate come with a price tag."
The supporters of the bill expected some push back.
"While some corporate interests might say otherwise, the fact of the matter is that earned sick days are good for New Jersey's businesses," says Lizette Delgado Polanco, Executive Director of the SEIU New Jersey State Council. "The health of our economy depends on the health of our working families - and the health of our working families depends on this legislation.
In New Jersey, one in four low-income workers have access to earned sick days. About four of five New Jersey food service and hotel workers don't have a single earned sick day and neither do the majority of those who staff child care centers, retail stores and nursing homes.


text:
Human rights-based approach needed to help resettle displaced people of Kadovar
Indigenous & Community Land Rights
Marang Aun
IT is impossible to identify several core human rights, which are all well established in international law and could be applied directly to development – induced displacement of a large number of people.
The rationale and the need for reviewing human rights arises from the proven inadequacy of so-called "entitlements" of affected people in resettlement plans prepared by national governments following involuntarily resettle policies.
The key issues that are not resolved fully in this policies are:
The host people's right to receive compensation at replacement cost of the land acquired or damaged by a development intervention; and,
The displaced people's assistance and assurance to restore and prove their income livelihood, and to maintain or to re-establish their social networks, culture and traditions.
In involuntarily resettlement literature, such rights are labelled "entitlements or as development opportunities".
As we can see, authorities who implement resettlement plans to ensure that such entitlements are provided to the displaced persons adequately and promptly, often do not have institutional capacity and a strategy to realise them.
What is more disturbing is that, often, a development intervention which is locally funded does not consider payment of replacement cost of acquired environmental effect and improvement of income and livelihood as mandatory.
That only compensation that a displaced person or a household would get in such a project is "statutory" compensation as per domestic and laws or land acquisition laws and regulations.
Such minimalised compensation for full land quire is not even sufficient to restore their livelihood and income.
Such laws and regulations, in fact, do not even mention the need for the restoration and improvement of livelihood and income of displaced person.
The net result is that most of the displaced people fail (at the least) to restore their pre-intervention income and livelihood, and linger on in poverty.
Thus, the remedy of providing "development opportunities through "entitlements" enshrined in international and national involuntary resettlement policies is woefully inadequate to ensure basic human rights of displaced persons.
It is prudent to apply a human right-based approach to development processes to safeguard human rights of displaced people, so that they could escape from further impoverishment and also benefit from development interventions that have deprived them of their human rights.
The people of Kadovar Island are still awaiting a genuine result of how much budget did the National Government pass for Dandan Care Centre Restoration Bill in 2019 budget.
Are there any reconciliation reports for the Kadovar Disaster Account?
Tomorrow, Jan 5, will mark the first anniversary of the Kadovar eruption. The comment made by Wewak MP Kevin Isifu on Dec 31 is very shallow: telling people to work the land and sea.
The people are smarter than you think. They have respect for the host people.
They will not work the land until you as their mandated MP and Inter-Government Relations Minister make full payment of the land first.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Visitation is a 1610s oil painting by the Flemish Baroque artist Peter Paul Rubens. It is now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts of Strasbourg, France. Its inventory number is 198.

The painting was bought in London in 1890. It was first recorded as belonging to the estate of John Douglas of Gyrn Castle in 1840. Its previous history has been hypothetically reconstructed back until 1758, when it was supposedly sold with the collection of a Martin Robyns, on 22 May of that year.

Visitation is a modello, and it has long been assumed that it has been painted as a first idea for the left wing of the Antwerp cathedral triptych The Descent from the Cross, one of Rubens's most famous and influential works, and then abandoned, since the actual modello for the actual Antwerp Visitation is a version now kept in the Courtauld Institute of Art. In 2005 however, the Spanish art historian Matías Díaz Padrón, longtime director of the department of Flemish and Dutch paintings of the Museo del Prado, demonstrated that the Strasbourg modello had in fact been used for another triptych (held in a private collection) of slightly later date and much smaller dimensions than the Antwerp one. Accordingly, the generally admitted date of 1611–1612 may in fact be corrected to 1614–1615. While broadly agreeing with Díaz Padrón, his French counterpart from the Louvre, Jacques Foucart, thinks that the privately held triptych is in fact not the original from Rubens's hand, but an early and very good copy of  a lost Rubens original.

As with many Rubens works of that period, the Strasbourg painting shows influences of Annibale Carracci and Paolo Veronese. A study for the painting (ink on paper,  x ) is kept in Bayonne's Musée Bonnat.

References

External links
La Visitation , presentation of the painting on the museum's website

Paintings by Peter Paul Rubens
Paintings in the collection of the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg
1610s paintings
Oil paintings
Rubens

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Health Disparities (HD)Systematic Review (2009-2011)
HD: Availability and Access to Healthcare (2009)
HD: Cross-Cultural Communication (2010)
HD: Effectiveness of Nutrition Intervention Methods (2010)
HD: Food Security (2011)
What evidence demonstrates that access to nutrition/dietetic services and educational resources among health disparities populations differs based on socio-economic status (low income, uninsured), racial/ethnic groups or geographic location?
Two cross-sectional studies evaluated nutrition services provided by health professionals to ethnic minorities and low-income populations in hospital settings. It is unknown whether dietitians provided these services.
One study (Cropley and Herwehe 2002) found that all nine hospitals in metropolitan New Orleans provided written breastfeeding education materials and education to maternity patients receiving Medicaid or WIC services that delivered at their facilities. At least two thirds of these hospitals had specialized lactation staff to address breastfeeding concerns and had explicit policies in place for promoting breastfeeding.
Another study (Hasnain-Wynia et al 2007) in teaching hospitals across the US found that minority patients who had congestive heart failure (CHF), compared to non-minority patients, were significantly less likely to receive CHF discharge counseling (which included diet instruction). The investigators concluded that care provided for minority patients is often of lower quality than care provided for non-minority patients, that disparities in care are often the result of differences in the locations where minority and non-minorities tend to seek care, and that differences in services requiring counseling exist even after controlling for the site of care.
More research is needed to demonstrate if access to nutrition and dietetic services and educational resources differs among health disparities populations based on socio-economic status, racial/ethnic groups and geographic locations.
Grade: III
Evidence Summary: Access to Nutrition/Dietetics Services and Educational Resources
Cropley L, Herwehe JC. Evaluation of institutional support for breastfeeding among low-income women in the metropolitan New Orleans area. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Jan; 102(1): 94-96.
Hasnain-Wynia R, Baker DW, Nerenz D, Feinglass J, Beal AC, Landrum MB, Behal R, Weissman JS. Disparities in health care are driven by where minority patients seek care: Examination of the hospital quality alliance measures. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Jun 25; 167 (12): 1,233-1,239. Erratum in: Arch Intern Med. 2007 Oct 22; 167 (19): 2,147.
Search Plan and Results: HD: Access to Nutrition/Dietetic Services and Resources 2009


text:
Retelle selected as next AMC president
PAXTON - The Anna Maria College Board of Trustees have announced Mary Lou Retelle is the college's next president following a year-long search, effective June 1.
She is the first woman to serve as president in more than 20 years and the first lay woman to lead the College since its founding in 1946, according to a statement from the college.
Retelle, who has served as interim president since July 2014, received the board's unanimous confidence as not only the best prepared candidate for the position, but the one who has lived it, and performed extremely well, according to Paul A. DiPierro, chair of the Anna Maria College Board of Trustees, who led the presidential search effort that drew the interest of more than 70 applicants.
"As interim president, Ms. Retelle has made marked gains on a variety of critical areas that positively affect the livelihood of Anna Maria College," he stated in a press release to The Landmark. "In a short time, Retelle has made fiscal decisions that have led to improved student satisfaction, including a nearly 50 percent increase in new student enrollment, improved financial aid disbursement and enhanced relations with key community stakeholders."
Retelle brings to this presidency 25 years of experience as an executive administrator at academic institutions. She has served as an Anna Maria executive since 2011, when she joined the college as executive vice president.
"I look forward to carrying forward the positive momentum we've attained and working with the Board of Trustees to advance the College in the years ahead," stated Retelle. "The campus community has worked diligently to make decisions that have had a direct, positive impact to the quality of the student experience and to the heritage of Anna Maria College."


During the 1960s most of Africa's countries had gained independence except for Namibia. Geographically, Namibia is made up of savannah, dry scrub land, as well as the Kalahari and the Namib Deserts. The country is rich in minerals such as uranium, vanadium, lithium, tungsten, as well as diamonds. It was these mineral resources that encouraged and motivated South Africa to try and hold on to Namibia throughout the many years of revolution, 1966 – 1990. The South African government also believed that by holding onto Namibia, the guerrilla war in Angola would be kept further away from South Africa. South African apartheid laws were extended to Namibia and prevented black Namibians from having any political rights, as well as restricted social and economic freedoms. The aim of South Africa's rule over Namibia was to exploit the mineral resources by white South Africa.
In 1964, South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) was formed. SWAPO was mainly a Black African Nationalist movement led by Sam Nujoma. The agenda of the SWAPO was around the belief that class struggle for independence, political and social freedom was needed to create historical change in Namibia. SWAPO claimed support from all the local tribes. However, the South African government in an attempt to divide and conquer claimed that it was dominated by the Ovambo tribe who make up just over half the population of Namibia. Ovambos are agricultural people who live primarily in the North of Namibia. In 1967, South Africa arrested and tried 37 Namibians for supporting terrorism including Andimba Herman Toivo ja Toivo, one of the founders of SWAPO who was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment on Robben Island, off Cape Town's coast.
In 1966, SWAPO established the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN), and an armed insurrection started. During the 1960s, Angola was a Portuguese Colony and that meant that any supply lines to friendly black nations were too long for the Namibia armies to get enough weapons and aids to start a serious military campaign. However, the Namibian armies resorted to gathering support and small acts of terrorism and sabotage started.
In 1975, Angola became independent and with better supply lines SWAPO was able to launch a serious guerrilla warfare campaign. In 1978, SWAPO had around 18,000 combatants and could launch 800 raids into Namibia. The South Africans responded by attacking the rebel bases across the border including a retaliatory strike into Zambia which forced the Zambians to be more unwilling to support SWAPO. South Africa's raid into Angola drove the rebels back 200 miles and did significant damage. The war intensified and South African and Angolan forces fought their first battle in 1981. Two Angolan brigades including their Russian advisors were destroyed. Approximately 10,000 guerrillas were killed with a loss of around 800 South Africans. SWAPO then resorted to guerilla tactics.
By 1988, the number of SWAPO combatants had decreased to around 8700 of which no more than 800 were near the border. SWAPO faced 12,000 South Africans of the South West African Territorial Force; 80% of these forces were blacks. In 1987 one black troop refused to fight but the revolt was soon put down. South African counter insurgency tactics were effective. They also used the British idea of fortified villages which cut off the villagers from any contact with the rebels. Without local support, food and intelligence the insurgency was hard pressed to make any impact. However, the fortified villages created 75,000 refugees who fled to Angola.
In 1987, the war in Angola increased rapidly after South Africa gave support to the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The South Africans sent troops to help in the siege and the battle developed into an arms duel between the South African and Cuban artillery. The Cuban troops got involved directly in the fighting for the first time and rushed reinforcements into the battle. The siege was abandoned in 1988 and the Cubans then sent extra 10,000 troops to support the communist government in Angola, moving large units to the border with Namibia for the first time during their involvement. The Cuba-South Africa war in Angola suddenly increased. This turned the tide of the war for SWAPO as South African forces were unwilling to provoke the Cubans by crossing the border to destroy rebel bases. With safe havens near the border available, SWAPO guerrillas were able to attack South African bases in Namibia and resume their guerrilla warfare operations.
In the 1980s, the political pressure was increasing on the South Africans. For example, the United Nation (UN) formed a "contact group" of influential Western powers which included the United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA) to put pressure on South Africa to grant Namibia independence. The USA linked independence for Namibia with the issue of Cuban troops leaving Angola. However, the Angolan government feared it would survive a Cuban withdrawal and the South Africans had little intention of giving Namibia its independence. The Russians who had been supporting the Angolan government decided that it was time to withdraw its support.
Meanwhile South Africa was becoming more isolated internationally and the cost of military intervention was increasing. The South African government realised that if they got out now they could set some terms for Namibia's independence and protect South African business interests. On 8 August 1988, a cease fire was agreed and announced in Geneva, Switzerland. The UN sent a peacekeeping force to monitor the agreement and to help conduct and manage fair elections. In 1989, elections were held and SWAPO won with 57% of the votes with 41 seats in the National Assembly, the opposition party, Democratic Tumhalle Alliance (DTA) won 29% with 21 seats. Sam Nujoma was elected the president of the country. Namibia had its first multi party system.
On 21 March 1990, Namibia became independent with guests such as the then South African president, F W de Klerk and USA and Russian foreign ministers. During the Namibian struggle for independence, South Africa showed counterinsurgency tactics adopting both the British tactics of fortified villages to cut off the insurgents' oxygen and striking against rebel bases in safe havens instead of trying to police a huge and isolated border. SWAPO showed the classic collective tactics of being able to shift between full scale guerrilla warfare as the situation changed and in the end its determination proved greater than the South African political will. The conflict in Namibia also illustrated the involvement of super powers in Third World wars to fight the Cold War by alternative and how South Africa attempted to protect business interests through war. It took 24 years of revolt and warfare for Namibia to gain its independence from South Africa. During the years of revolt and warfare, 1966 – 1990, between 20 000 and 25 000 people died. In 1994, the first elections following the country's independence were held. SWAPO won 53 out of 72 seats in the National Assembly. The opposition party, Democratic Tumhalle Alliance (DTA) of Namibia won 15 seats.
• Dugdale- Pointon, TDP. (2009). Namibia 1966 "" 1990. Available at: https://www.historyofwar.org/articles/wars namibia.html [accessed on 27 January 2015] Dobell, L. (1998). Swapo's struggle for Namibia, 1960 -1991, war by other means. Basel Namibian Series. Schlettwein publishing: Switzerland.
• Lindeke, W. (1995). Democratization in Namibia: soft state, hard choice, in Studies in comparative international development, Spring, Vol 30, issue 1, pp3-29.
• Melber, H. (2014). Understanding Namibia: the trials of independence. C Hurst and CO publishers.


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The purpose of this lab is to interface three switches in an LED. For this lab, you're going to need the LaunchPad, three switches, the LED, and some resistors. In this particular portion of the lab, we're going to use the logic analyzer to debug the system. If you have a real logic analyzer, you should use it. If not, then you could use the Texas display application running on your PC. Let me show you Code Composer Studio. As you know, to use the logic analyzer, we have to initialize it. And these are the choices you have for the logic analyzer. So in this particular lab, we've got our hardware connected up to port five, so I'm going to activate the logic analyzer on port five. And what I have running on the microcontroller is the solution. First, let me show it to you. Here, so when this is the activate or ARM button, and when it's pressed, the alarm is activated. And these are the two window buttons. And if it's not pressed, the windows open, and it's unsafe. And you can see the alarm is flashing because both windows are open. If one window is open, it's still unsafe. If the other window's open, it's still unsafe. And it only goes safe if it's armed with the red button and both of the windows are closed. Let's do that same thing with the logic analyzer. Over here, I have Texas Display running. And I've configured it, so I see bit 5, bit 4, bit 2, bit 1, and bit 0. What I've added a bit 5 is a toggle through my While loop every time I look at the switches. So I can see that I'm testing my security system about 60 times per second. So what I can do with the logic analyzer is to verify that my LED flashes at the right rate. So now you see that the system is armed, both windows are open, and the LED, the alarm signal on pin 4, is oscillating here at 5 Hertz. So now we know it works. In this lab, you interfaced switches in an LED. The robot will have switches mounted on the front in order to detect wall collisions. Many sensors and actuators deploy LEDs, so knowing how LEDs operate will be important. Have fun.
This particular portion of the lab is to develop debugging techniques with a logic analyzer.


text:
The Queen's Gold Cup, 1850. Creator: Unknown.
The Queen's Gold Cup, 1850. Horseracing trophy: '...the "Queen's Cup," being the gift of her Majesty Queen Victoria...is modelled by Mr. Cotterill, and manufactured by Messrs. Garrards....the introduction of the chains is a very beautiful addition, and something new to the English school. The Cup is what is called a Spanish flagon, of the sixteenth century, and is peculiar in its shape. The group on the base represents Arab huntsmen attacking a lioness, who stands at bay to defend herself and her cubs. The whole is remarkable for the animation of the scene - the correctness of the costumes, the character of the animals introduced, and the apparent energy thrown into the figures. A more elegant prize, or a more beautiful piece of plate, can hardly be conceived'. From "Illustrated London News", 1850.
R. S. Garrard & Co.: British: Artist, company
Edmund Cotterill: British: Artist, sculptor, modeller, designer
People Related
Queen Victoria: British: Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, artist
History & Politics Artefacts
ILN_1850_Page_425_a.jpg
Alexandrina Victoria
Cotterill Edmund
Edmund Cotterill
Empress of India
Garrard R S Co
Garrards
ILN
R S Garrard Co
Victoria Queen of Great Britain and Ireland


text:
Author: janfran50
janfran50 Architecture, Art & Culture December 11, 2015 December 11, 2015 italians of san francisco, north beach san francisco, pasquales tower, telegraph hill	0 Comment
If you are strolling the Broadway block between Columbus Avenue and the steep slope of Montgomery Street, look up the hill and your eye might alight upon an unusual structure. A white tower, four stories tall, topped with a Mediterranean blue dome, sits among the jumble of apartments and houses clinging to the hillside. If you are not looking for it, this tower is easy to miss.
Pasquale's Tower Dome (Instagram by author)
On foot, "Pasquale's Tower" is accessible only from Dunnes Alley, a short stretch of pavement that juts off from Kearny Street. If you walk down the alley a bit, you approach a set of intricate gates with ironwork forming the letters,"GOGNA." The original tower has a set of apartments at the base, probably added at a later date.
Pasquale's Tower Legend
Pasquale's Tower Gogna gates (Instagram by author)
Local legend has it that Pasquale Gogna came from Italy to work at some manner of trade, perhaps at the nearby Produce Market. He bought an undesirable lot for a cheap price and built a 4-story tower with one room on each level. It is said that Pasquale sent to Italy for his wife after the house was finished, but she didn't like it. She left, and Pasquale was heartbroken.
That's the legend, anyway. It's undoubtedly a interesting theory but who knows?
Ti Penso Sempre
Pasquale's Tower Ti Penso Sempre (Instagram by author)
When I first walked up Dunnes Alley toward the tower, on the retaining wall someone had painted a tricolor Italian flag design with the words: "Ti Penso Sempre" underneath. Translated from Italian, this means "I Think of You Always." Was this Pasquale's tribute to his lost love? I can't find anything to support this romantic theory, but it is nice to contemplate. Sadly, on my last visit, the bittersweet sentiment had been painted over now and replaced with "Pasquale's Tower."
Who Really Built Pasquale's Tower?
Based on my reading, the building of the tower is attributed to a Pasquale "Pete" Gogna. In her book, "San Francisco's North Beach and Telegraph Hill" Catherine A. Accardi writes, "In 1930, Pasquale Gogna built his romantic tower dwelling overlooking Broadway."
I continued with the SFMOMA site, where one photo is captioned with the following: "…Pasquale's Tower, built in 1930 by baker/hotelier Pasquale Gogna. One of the legendary structures of Telegraph Hill, this tower located at the end of Dunnes Alley consists of four small square rooms stacked together and topped with a dome in a supposedly Genoese manner." An excerpt from the National Trust Guide, San Francisco claims "Pasquale Gogna, a baker who owned several hotels in the neighborhood built the odd tower at the end of the alley in 1930 for his residence."
Why the Mystery?
The problem comes when you compare dates. The tower was built in 1930, but records available from that time show Pasquale Gogna living in Stockton that year. The June 1917 Crocker-Langley San Francisco city directory shows Pasquale Gogna's residence at 548 Green Street, quite a few blocks away on the north side of Telegraph Hill. Another record from 1920 shows Pasquale Gogna, again with a San Francisco residence. Marriage records, however, show that Pasquale Gogna married a Rose Lagomarsino in January of 1920, in Stockton.
The only pertinent record I could locate after 1920 is an annual report from the Superintendent of Banks of the State of California, showing a Pasquale Gogna with an address of 26 Dulles. This is possibly a misprint, maybe referring to the addresses of 2-6 Dunnes Alley, and which he may have still have owned in 1948, the date of the publication.
Looking a little further into Pasquale Gogna's history, I found census records that showed he was born in Mongiardino, Alessandria, Italy in 1892. Mongiardino is a municipality located in the province of Alessandria and the region of Piemonte. Alessandria is located in the northwest corner of Italy, not far from the seacoast and the city of Genoa. During the early part of the 20th century, there was a large influx of Italians into San Francisco from the regions of Piemonte and Liguria. It would seem logical then that Pasquale would construct a building in the Genoese style, far from his birthplace but in a predominantly Italian district of San Francisco, North Beach.
Crop of aerial map. (From a historical map collection DavidRumsey.com, author Harrison Ryker)
I found no evidence to show that Pasquale ever came back to live in San Francisco. He lived in Stockton until his death in 1981. We will probably never know why and for whom this mysterious tower was built.
Helping to Solve the Mystery of Pasquale's Tower
In the time since I first wrote this article, several people came forward to add to my research and to provide corrected information about Pasquale Gogna. I am most grateful to each and every person who helped to contribute. Their comments are reproduced below.
Great write up! I've always wondered about this building and it is awesome to see that others are curious as well. I recently found a book called "San Francisco's Telegraph Hill", by David F. Myrick (1972) that may help shed more light on this mystery. The following was on page 117:
"Pasquale Gogna built the house in 1930. Arriving in San Francisco in 1907, he worked as a baker and through frugality he was able to join his brother in purchasing several small hotels in the city. The tower consists of four square rooms directly above each other, with access provided by an enclosed stairway on the west side of the building. In the northern corners of each room are two alcoves which collectively house the usual appurtenances found in kitchens and bathrooms. With the sink in one corner, the stove in another and so on, this arrangement offered some inconveniences, but the spectacular view offset these minor annoyances. Mr. Gogna must have enjoyed the house, for he lived there comfortably—with all utilities—until January 1956, when his arthritic condition caused him to move into his brother's home on Russian Hill, after which the tower was rented. As the tower attracts much attention, a wrought-iron gate—with the name GOGNA in black metal letters on the top of the grill—has been erected to keep out trespassers."
It looks like perhaps Pasquale went by "Pete" most frequently, because in the 1956 & 1961 City Directories, a "Pete Gogna" lived at 1657 Mason with Eugenio and Emily Gogna (perhaps his brother and sister-in-law?). Eugenio was listed as the manager of the Italian-American Hotel at 838 Sansome (about a block away from the tower, on Sansome between Broadway and Pacific). Interestingly, the Italian-American Hotel is still in business as a residential hotel. I found some different pages showing Eugenio was born May 22, 1893 and died in San Francisco in November 1971.
By Saybrina
My Great Grandfather was Pasquale Gogna from Stockton, Ca. and My Great Grandmother was Rosa Lagomarsino who lived in San Francisco with her Mother Maria Lagomarsino. After the death of Maria, Rosa and her half brother Leo Arrigoni moved to Stockton and some time around 1919-1920 she married Pasquale Gogna. You can find the family information on Ancestry.com along with photo's and more family information. I'm not sure if this Tower has anything to do with my Great Grandfather but I sure would enjoy finding out more about the history behind Pasquale's Tower.
By Sabrina
I have some info. on Pasquale Gogna who was born 1883 lived in San Francisco. He never married and built the tower for himself. I also have census records and Immigration record from Ancestry.com. You can find it on facebook I also found a a death record for Pasquale Gogna Sept. 16, 1958 in Colma, Ca. Holy Cross Catholic Cemetery. I can't prove it is the same Pasquale but it's the only record I can find on this Pasquale Gogna. In his Immigration it shows father name as Francesco Gogna and again who knows if this is true.
Saybrina, great info! I did a little more research (censuses, city directories, etc.) and found more information. It looks like there were two Pasquale Gognas—one in San Francisco and your Great-Grandfather in Stockton. Given that they both lived in Northern California and were born around the same time, I'm not surprised to find several sources that mixed the information for both together. However, in looking at several sources over a span of years, below is what I found:
#1) Pasquale Gogna Family in San Francisco
Born: 7/15/1885 (or 1883—depending on source), Montjardino, Italy
Death: 9/12/1958, San Francisco
Brother: Eugenio Gogna (b. 1893)
Sister-in-Law: Armida (b. 1900)
Niece: Rona (b. 1922)
Nephew: Alnado (b. 1929)
Throughout the 1930s and '40s, city directories list this family living at the Italian-American Hotel at 838 Sansome, with Pasquale periodically listed as being the manager. By the late '40s, the family moved to 1657 Mason while continuing to manage the hotel. Meanwhile, Pasquale was listed as living at the tower property as early as 1925. The family also started managing the Cavour Hotel at 379 Broadway a block down the street from the tower.
#2) Pasquale Gogna Family in Stockton
Born: 3/17/1890 (or 1892—depending on source), San Lorenzo, Italy
Death: July 1981
Wife: Rosie
On a side note, I discovered that separate parties originally owned the original three lots that make up the tower property. Pasquale Gogna originally purchased the land directly under the tower in 1920 and adjacent land (that I believe mainly encompasses the cliff in front of the tower) in 1933. Interestingly, the land under which the current apartment building, that is attached to the left of the tower, was still owned by someone else in 1944, but was owned by the Gogna family by 1960. That apartment building was built in 1957 after Pasquale moved out. To see a picture of what the tower originally looked like (in 1953), see this link:
http://openspace.sfmoma.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/telegraphA.jpg?0e902c
David, My grandfather is William Gogna who is the oldest of the five boys that my Great Grandparents had Roy and Ray are twins and the youngest is Uncle Ernie. Thanks for sharing this information and I will keep up on the search.
I welcome your comments or additional information about Pasquale's Tower. It has been quite an adventure learning about this remarkable building. Thanks to those who have provided me with more insight into Pasquale Gogna's history!
North Beach and Telegraph Hill History on Amazon
Italians of the Bay Area: Gino Sbrana San Francisco's Telegraph Hill, David F. Myrick North Beach: The Italian Heart of San Francisco San Francisco's North Beach and Telegraph Hill
All photos by author except where indicated
janfran50 Architecture, Art & Culture December 10, 2015 December 10, 2015 hansel and gretel house, marin county, spadena house, storybook cottages, vivian vance	0 Comment
The storybook houses of Belvedere are little known outside of this wealthy island enclave at the southern tip of Marin County, California. There is very little information available on them but I was fortunate to have once been provided a tour by the owner of one of these charming cottages. I live only a few miles away, in San Francisco, so these magical places are there to see anytime I choose to drive across the Golden Gate Bridge—I feel very lucky indeed!
The Story Behind the Storybook Houses
The story goes that the storybook houses were built sometime in the 30s by a business executive by the name of Heidelberg, who tired of his humdrum office job and would often escape to work on his labor of love, the storybook cottages of Beach Road. In all, there are three cottages on the steep slope above the bay, one of which was used as a location for an obscure film noir called, "Sudden Fear," starring the notorious Joan Crawford with Jack Palance playing her mysterious suitor. Of course, a murder plot is in the works as Mr. Palance woos Ms. Crawford in the hopes of making away with her fortune. What would film noir be without intrigue?
Read the article from ReelSF
Another notable resident was said to be Vivian Vance, who played Lucy Ricardo's sidekick Ethel Mertz in the "I Love Lucy" television show. Ms. Vance used to come up to enjoy the cool summers of the San Francisco Bay Area and to visit her sister who lived in Belvedere, and she would stay in one of the Beach Road storybook cottages, eventually retiring from Hollywood to a home on Beach Road. Vivian Vance lived in Belvedere until her death in 1979.
Storybook cottages came into favor in the early Hollywood era of the teens and 20s of the 20th century. One of the most well-known examples of the time is the Spadena House of Beverly Hills, designed by art director and set director, Harry Oliver. This house is popularly known as "The Witches' House" because of the resemblance to the gingerbread house in the Hansel and Gretel tale. Others who became known for the storybook cottage architectural style were: Carr Jones, W.W. Dixon, and William Yelland of the San Francisco Bay Area; and Ben Sherman. Ben Sherman is most known for his "Snow White house" in Hollywood.
"Spadena Witch House" by Kafziel (Licensed under CC BY 3.0 via Wikipedia)
The chief characteristic of storybook architectural design is a whimsical style derived from fairy tales such as Hansel and Gretel: crooked chimneys, odd elements such as round doors and circular windows, heavy timber, and use of natural elements such as stone and wood, all combined to look like a dilapidated cabin in the woods. Looking at these, I almost expect to see gumdrops embedded in the brick walls!
In the Belvedere storybook cottages, which seem to teeter on the brink of falling over the cliff and down into the bay, you will find winding staircases, and the timbers which jut out from the exterior walls with carved rustic figures and faces at their ends. Colored glass plates of varying sizes have been inserted in place of windows at different levels of the walls. The brickwork curves and slopes in a dizzying fashion, as do the oddly overlapped wooden shingles of the rooftop. All in all, delightful and quaint—I wouldn't be surprised to see a wizard or a gnome emerging at any time!
Storybook Style: America's Whimsical Homes of the Twenties Carmel's Fairy Tale Cottages (Hardcover, 2011) Tiny House Living: Ideas For Building and Living Well In Less than 400 Square Feet
Homes of the Arts and Crafts Movement Arts and Crafts Home Decor The Craftsman Bungalow House
Photos by author except where noted
janfran50 Art & Culture December 2, 2015 May 26, 2017 american arts and crafts movement, arts and crafts home decor, arts and crafts style furniture, gustav stickley	0 Comment
Arts and Crafts Influences in the Home
The Arts & Crafts Movement began in the late 1800's in England in response to industrialization—factory assembled and cheaply made furniture was flooding the market. The founders of the movement wanted to return to the craftsman sensibilities of the past, particularly the Medieval period, where furniture was built with quality materials and made to last a lifetime.
I've included some examples of Arts & Crafts Influences in the home and vintage Arts and Crafts home decor and furnishings that I find particularly appealing. Some of the information and accompanying photos have been excerpted from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Unique Arts and Crafts Home Decor
Vintage Arts and Crafts Pottery
A number of women in the Arts and Crafts Period came to be recognized for their skill and dedication to this emerging movement. One example was in the realm of Arts and Crafts pottery and ceramics.
Tyg 3 handled cup by Leona Nicholson, c. 1908, Metropolitan Museum of Art (MMA2000)
Where women in Victorian times had previously been tied down to homemaking and cooking, the Modern Arts and Crafts Movement provided an opportunity for women to prove their worth in the creative endeavors. Although not many women, with the exception of the noted architect Julia Morgan, are mentioned in connection with the Movement, I found many examples in the works cited on the Metropolitan Museum of Art home page.
The example pictured is a Tyg, or three-handled cup, with an iris motif and plain lettering typical of the Arts & Crafts period. The cup was crafted by Leona Nicholson (1875-1966), pottery artist and teacher, who was the first woman to receive the designation of "Master Craftsman," awarded to her by the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts.
Vintage Arts and Crafts Jewelry
Brooch, necklace, hair comb by Florence Koehler, c . 1905, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Jeweled box on wood, Marie Zimmerman, c. 1910-20, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Other notable craftswomen of the period included Florence Koehler (1861-1944), jewelry maker and enamelist, and Marie Zimmerman (1879-1972), metalcraft and jewelry. The photos show Florence Koehler's enameled brooch and comb set as well as an elaborate wood box inset with silver alloy, ivory, amethyst, and quartz crafted by Marie Zimmerman. The attention to detail in these pieces is amazing. (Metropolitan Museum of Art collection.)
Read more about the contributions of women artists to the Arts and Crafts Movement.
Arts and Crafts Movement Lighting
Louis Tiffany mosaic basket lamp in native motif , Metropolitan Museum of Art
Japan inspired chandelier by Greene and Greene, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Contemporary Prairie-style lamp by PrairieDesigns.com
Copper and mica table lamp Dirk van Erp, (c. 1912-1915) Metropolitan Museum of Art
Of the many aspects of the Arts and Crafts Movement lighting has proven to be the most enduring. Whether it's a Prairie style table lamp in the Frank Lloyd Wright design or a beautiful copper and mica lamp by Dirk van Erp, you would swear they were modern design and not over 100 years old.
I have always been drawn to these Arts and Crafts style lamps for as long as I can remember; they are the perfect adornment for my Craftsman bungalow dream home.
Vintage Arts and Crafts Furniture
Gustav Stickley commemorative library table (Ontaria.de Timeless Furniture Design)
One of the foremost promoters of the early 20th Century Arts and Crafts Movement in America was Gustav Stickley, a furniture manufacturer and publisher. In his publication "The Craftsman," Stickley brought widespread recognition to the American Craftsman style of furniture making. The works produced by Stickley reflected the Craftsman artisan's ideal of simplicity, honesty in construction, and truth in materials.
(Pictured: Gustav Stickley commemorative design for a library table by Ontaria Timeless Furniture Design.)
Adjustable-Back Chair No. 2342, Gustav Stickley, 1902, exhibited in the Carnegie Museum of Art, Pittsburgh; Licensed under Public Domain via Commons (Photo Credit: Daderot)
The popular Stickley "Mission" chair is pictured and, though often referred to as Mission Style furniture, Gustav Stickley preferred the term "Craftsman." In fact, he named his company the Craftsman Workshops and went on to produce not only beautifully crafted furniture, but also textiles and metalwork.
I'm sure there are very few who have not seen a replica of this chair and admired its beauty and simplicity.
Arts & Crafts Designs Available on Amazon
Elk Deer Mica Swag Lamp Pendant Lights Rustic Vintage Arts Crafts Dirk Van Erp Coat Rack 18 Inch 3 Shaker Peg Mortise and Tenon Coat Rack Arts and Crafts / Mission style Mini Stickley No Solicitors Plaque 8×2 Inches in Raised Bronze Patina Coated Dale Tiffany Edmund Mission Style Table Lamp, Antique Bronze Coaster Mission Style Rocking Wood and Leather Chair Rocker
Vintage Arts and Crafts Style Wallpaper
William Morris trellis design for wallpaper, c. 1862 (Wikimedia Commons)
As more people are deciding to restore rather than renovate their Arts and Crafts or Craftsman style homes, they are interested in finding wallpaper appropriate to the period.
The inset demonstrates an example of the design of William Morris, one of the founders of the early Arts and Crafts Movement in England.
William Morris wallpaper designs are popular today more than ever, and his patterns have been licensed and are available on household items such as shower curtains, and even 21st Century amenities like iPad covers which are available through Zazzle.
Featured Image: Front entry door, Gamble House, Pasadena, Greene & Greene, architects (Photo by author)
Related to the Arts and Crafts Movement
The Craftsman Bungalow House Lone Tree Residential Design Homes of the Arts & Crafts Movement
janfran50 Architecture, Art & Culture December 1, 2015 December 10, 2015 american arts and crafts movement, bungalow heaven, craftsman bungalow house, craftsman house plans, sears craftsman bungalow	0 Comment
The American Arts & Crafts movement emphasized pride of craft, simplicity and substance rather than the over-embellished pretentiousness of the Victorian era and eventually led to the popularization of the "Craftsman" style of architecture, giving rise to the popular Craftsman bungalow house. This familiar style of house is often referred to as the American bungalow or the Craftsman house. The bungalow style house is distinguished by a low, horizontal structure with overhanging eaves, an imposing front porch, banks of windows, often with a central picture window, as well as large square ("elephantine") columns supporting the porch. The Craftsman bungalow evolved as a more affordable version of the Arts & Crafts home, typically offered for sale in the Sears & Roebuck catalog, to be assembled on the lot. Because this was the house that "everyman" could afford, Craftsman bungalows are ubiquitous almost everywhere throughout the Continental United States.
Sears Craftsman Bungalow, Brookside Plan
Craftsman bungalow houses can be found all over the United States, since anyone who could afford it could order a house from the Sears catalog using any number of available craftsman bungalow floor plans and have it shipped, usually by railroad, and then have their very own Craftsman bungalow assembled on a lot and move right in. Because of the proximity of many cities and towns to railroad routes, entire neighborhoods of bungalows sprang up across the country. As you can see from the illustrations, available designs ranged from the simple and inexpensive to bigger and more elaborate for a little more money.
Sears Craftsman Bungalow, The Avalon Plan
Natural and Reclaimed Materials Used in Craftsman Homes
The unique features as well as materials used in the construction of Craftsman homes were often dependent upon the availability of local resources, in many cases natural materials like river rock or reclaimed products like "clinker" bricks. Clinker brinks are the irregularly shaped and often burnt pieces that are left after the better formed bricks have been removed from the kiln. After the earthquake and great fire of 1907 in San Francisco, reclaimed bricks were commonly scavenged and used in construction of foundations and for siding in many houses, not just Craftsman style bungalows, and those are evident to this day in many neighborhoods of the City. River rock is a common natural building material in homes built in prairie towns and in the West, wherever rocks are easy to transport to a building site.
River rock chimney base, Pasadena, CA
Clinker brick post, Robson-Harrington House, San Anselmo, CA
Craftsman Homes History
Airplane bungalow, Bungalow Heaven, Pasadena (Instagram by author)
The popularity of the Craftsman bungalow house spanned from about 1905 to the early 1930s; however, the heyday of the American bungalow appears to have been from 1915 to the late 1920s, so this comparatively modern style of house is already about 100 years old today. Since in later decades these beautiful homes were looked down upon as old fashioned and low class, many bungalows were destroyed or subjected to misguided renovations. You would be fortunate indeed to find a historic Craftsman bungalow today that still has its original unpainted woodwork and functional built-ins intact.
There are as many styles of bungalows as you can imagine: the typical Prairie-style low horizontal model with a broad porch along its front, simple and built with wood; the Spanish bungalow with stucco and enclosed cactus gardens; the Japanese influenced bungalow with dark paint and red accents; and one of my very favorites, the airplane bungalow. The airplane bungalow got its name from the jutting second story that sits astride the first floor like an airplane cockpit.
Best Historical Places to Visit to See Bungalows
National Register of Historic Places, Bungalow Heaven, design Toni Devereaux.
I personally have had a soft spot in my heart for these historic American bungalows. To me, they represent family dinners and warm nights sitting on the front porch; truly a home rather than a house. A few years ago, I learned about an area in Southern California called the Bungalow Heaven Historic District, a small neighborhood in Pasadena with a large concentration of Craftsman bungalows within a 16-block area. We of course signed up for the annual Bungalow Heaven tour scheduled for the coming April, and drove to Pasadena to visit the bungalows that were going to be featured that year.
If you love bungalows, Bungalow Heaven is the place to see! Many of the Craftsman bungalows date back a century or so, and most are modestly maintained but there are a large number of bungalows that have been lovingly and accurately restored back to original Arts and Crafts style, with paint colors and furnishings to match.
Now that I've seen Bungalow Heaven in Pasadena, I am interested in visiting the Laurelhurst neighborhood of Portland, Oregon to see the magnificent Craftsman bungalows that I have only seen in pictures. But that's for another blog!
Bungalow Heaven Tour
A few photos I took of the nice Craftsman bungalows that we saw on our trip to Bungalow Heaven.
Craftsman Bungalow with River Rock and Clinker Brick
craftsman bungalow with river rock and clinker brick mylifebanquet
Asian Influenced Craftsman Bungalow
asian influenced craftsman bungalow heaven mylifebanquet
Asian Influenced Craftsman Bungalow with Lattice
Craftsman Bungalow with Asian Trim Colors and Characteristic Air Vents
Craftsman Bungalow with Japanese Inspired Heavy Timbers
Craftsman Bungalow with Open Beam Entry and Elephantine Columns
Craftsman Bungalow with Porte Cochere over Drive
Diamond in the Rough Craftsman Bungalow
Two Interpretations of the Craftsman Bungalow
Small Craftsman Bungalow with Characteristic Air Vents
Spanish Style Craftsman Bungalow with Cactus Garden
spanish style craftsman bungalow heaven mylifebanquet
Craftsman Airplane Bungalow
airplane craftsman bungalow heaven mylifebanquet
The Craftsman Bungalow on Amazon
Inside the Bungalow: America's Arts and Crafts Interior Bungalow Colors: Exteriors Bungalow The Ultimate Arts & Crafts Home Craftsman Collection: 170 Home Plans in the Craftsman & Bungalow Style Pasadena's Bungalow Heaven (Imag
Featured Image: Asian influenced Craftsman bungalow, Pasadena's Bungalow Heaven neighborhood (Photo by author)
Homes of the Arts and Crafts Movement Arts and Crafts Home Decor Historic House Blog: The Craftsman Bungalow Lone Tree Residential Design
janfran50 Fashion, Hair Styles August 21, 2014 May 26, 2017 60s beehive hairdo, 60s flip hairdo, 60s ponytail, 60sponytail, asymmetric bob haircut, bobcut, bouffant, cosplay 60s wigs, cosplay wigs for women, costume wigs for women, sassoon, sassoon asymmetrical bob, sassoon five point cut, short pixie cut, surfer girl hairstyle	0 Comment
Women's hairstyles of the 1960s are by far my favorite. The decade of the 1960s was an exciting time for fashion, as many of us know. But have you ever thought about the cool hairdos that were in style during that time? When I get my hair cut these days, my stylist gives me the classic Vidal Sassoon asymmetric bob, which has never gone out of style and is as flattering as ever. Here are some of my favorite style icons and the classic women's hairstyles of the 1960s that I associate with them.
Asymmetric short hairstyle, photo of Nancy Kwan by Terence Donovan
The featured photo is of actress Nancy Kwan ("Flower Drum Song," 1961; "The World of Suzie Wong," 1960) , modeling the Vidal Sassoon asymmetric bob, my favorite women's hairdo of the 1960s. Vidal Sassoon became a household name in hair care products, but how many of us realize that he also designed hair for so many stars of the 1960s?
Can CT Scans Affect Your Thyroid? CT Contrast Side Effects
janfran50 Health & Nutrition June 5, 2014 December 8, 2015 cat scan side effects, ct contrast reactions, CT scan, ct scan side effects, iodine contrast, thyroid	0 Comment
Photo by Edusoft @Pixabay
My Experience with CT Scan and Thyroid Issues
Can CT scans affect your thyroid? This is not a question I would have given any thought to until recently. I had gone to my doctor because of some sharp abdominal pains that I had been having for a couple of days. My doctor suspected that I had appendicitis so I was whisked away to the emergency department for possible emergency appendectomy. Once the emergency doctors saw me, they advised that I have a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis as soon as possible. After being administered some intravenous contrast dye, I subsequently had the CT performed. When the contrast was being injected into my veins, I could feel my heart begin to beat faster and my throat got a strange hot feeling that moved down my chest and then disappeared. I had been warned that this was how I would feel, so I got comfortable and went through with the CT thyroid scan.
The radiologist who looked at the CT images asked for repeated images in order to get a better look at the urinary tract to rule out any problems with the bladder or kidneys. Fortunately, nothing showed up to be abnormal, and I was told that only the urine test had come back with signs of a UTI (urinary tract infection).
Follow-up Tests Show a Problem
A few weeks later, I was contacted by the Nuclear Medicine department to schedule me for a radioactive iodine scan of the thyroid because my thyroid function blood tests were abnormal. The endocrinologist had set up the scan to find out if my thyroid was functioning properly.
Now, I am not one to take too many medications and I always ask questions about my treatments. Before going through with the nuclear medicine scan, I read about the link between CT scans and abnormal thyroid levels. I found out a lot of information, which I want to share here.
Thyroid tests, photo by author
How did I know my thyroid was abnormal? First of all, my doctor had ordered a thyroid panel of blood tests: a TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) and a free T4. At first the free T4 was a little high. The TSH, however, had dropped since the 2011 levels, to 0.04 (normal > 0.10). At the same time, my weight jumped up 10 pounds practically overnight, even though I had been good about avoiding gluten, and now I was even heavier than before I stopped eating wheat gluten!
I also started to notice that I was always tired, even after a good night's sleep and in spite of taking my usual multivitamin every night. Apparently, these are some classic signs of thyroid dysfunction.
Hyper- vs. Hypothyroidism
According to the blood tests, which showed a low TSH and a mildly elevated free T4, I had begin manifesting hyperthyroid symptoms the month right after the CT scan. However, when I got repeat blood tests two months later in March, the opposite was true: the TSH was sky-high and the free T4 had dropped below normal. This was an indication of hypothyroidism, meaning that the thyroid was not producing thyroid hormone (measured by free T4) and so the pituitary gland was working overtime to produce TSH to stimulate thyroid hormone. This meant that the iodine from the CT scan had affected my thyroid so it couldn't produce its own thyroid hormone!
Not wanting to add any more toxins to my system, I decided not to have the radioactive thyroid uptake scan. Besides, I had read that the iodine from the CT contrast would eventually clear from my system by itself. The nuclear medicine doctor agreed, canceled the scan, and said I could just wait and have another blood test in a month to monitor the thyroid function.
My reading shows the TSH has leveled off a bit and gone down slightly, though still abnormal at 30.6. The free T4 still has not recovered, at 0.6. The only changes I have made are to replace iodized with non-iodized salt in my diet, avoid shellfish (even though iodine content is minimal in seafood), and to drink distilled water rather than fluoridated tap water (even if it's filtered, fluoride is nearly impossible to remove from water). I had been using a Brita filter, but now I always make an effort to only use distilled bottled water for drinking. I believed that distilled water would help clear toxins more quickly from the kidneys since there are less impurities for the kidneys to process. I have since found out that drinking only distilled water is NOT good for you and iodine can be good in some circumstances of hypothyroidism.
Related on Amazon
I am not a health professional, so I always advise that you contact your own medical practitioner to monitor your health. In addition, to provide more information on thyroid issues and thyroid health, below are some helpful resources available on Amazon.
Living Well with Hypothyroidism: What Your Doctor Doesn't Tell You… That You Need to Know (Revised Edition)Check Price Why Do I Still Have Thyroid Symptoms? when My Lab Tests Are Normal: a Revolutionary Breakthrough in Understanding Hashimoto's Disease and HypothyroidismCheck Price Stop the Thyroid Madness: A Patient Revolution Against Decades of Inferior TreatmentCheck Price The Thyroid Solution Diet: Boost Your Sluggish Metabolism to Lose WeightCheck Price
Underactive Thyroid Problems: Is There a Solution?
Photo, Geralt @Pixabay
Synthetic vs. "Armour" Thyroid
Though this may be a long time before my thyroid normalizes, I have chosen not to go with the synthetic thyroid that the endocrinology doctor recommends. I inquired about the natural "Armour" thyroid but he replied that desiccated animal thyroid is not consistently manufactured and not shown to be effective in clinical trials. I understand his concern, because I have read that the T3 to T4 ratio is not always the same in these formulations, and too much T3 can result in hyperthyroidism, which is very difficult to control. I have heard so much bad about synthetic thyroid, however, that I can't in good conscience take a chance on using that, either.
The next step is to visit my health practitioner as I continue to wait for my thyroid to go back to normal. If the symptoms become too bothersome to wait the 9 to 12 months' time that this could take, I will ask her advice about taking Armour thyroid.
Even though I am a strong advocate of natural medicine and holistic therapies, I have to caution anyone who is thinking about self-prescribing any kind of thyroid NOT to do that without the advice and counsel of a licensed medical practitioner! There is just too much margin for error and a very strong possibility you might ruin your health. These are strong hormones and definitely nothing to take without medical supervision.
Never self-prescribe! Always be under the care of a licensed health practitioner to administer thyroid
medication or supplements, and to measure thyroid hormone levels.
How Long Will the Symptoms Last?
I have read that it takes up to a year for thyroid disorder symptoms of hypothyroidism to correct after a CT scan. Even though I feel I had a valid reason to get the scan (family history of aneurysm is one reason), I don't think I personally will be having a contrast study again, because of these side effects. However, each person must make his or her own decision, and I think this article may be helpful for you to see how CT scans with contrast might affect your thyroid health and to ask your doctor for advice if you are concerned.
Not everyone's situation will be the same as mine; please work with your health care provider to advise about the risks of a CT scan and the reason you are having the scan done. A CT scan can be done with contrast or without contrast, but with contrast, a doctor can see more detail on the images. That being said, if you have ever had an allergic reaction to iodine or a bad reaction to contrast dye, please inform your provider so he or she can request to have the scan done without the contrast.
A CT scan is a wonderful invention that can detect abnormalities in the body that are not visible with traditional x-ray studies; even so, ALWAYS be informed about any studies or therapies a doctor recommends for you.
Please Read!!
If you have ever had an allergic reaction to iodine or a bad
reaction to contrast dye, be sure to inform your
provider ahead of time. He or she can then help you decide
the best test for your condition.
Always Be Your Own Advocate
Remember, it always pays to be your own health advocate: always ask questions if you have any doubts about treatment you are receiving and if you don't understand the answers or don't get cooperation from your health provider, ask again or change doctors. You don't have to agree with any doctor, nurse, or other medical professional who blames your symptoms solely on (1) your age, (2) your gender, or (3) your weight, or tries to tell you "it's all in your head." To me, this means they don't want to dig any deeper or admit they don't have the answer. A good health provider will always see you as an individual rather than a statistic,and be willing to listen to your concerns instead of sloughing them off.
It's understandable that many traditional doctors don't know more about nutritional or holistic therapy, because they usually haven't received more than a few hours' training in medical school about nutrition and probably little or no training about alternative therapies. That is beginning to change, and now most doctors won't put you down if you are helped by acupuncture or chiropractic, or vitamin therapy. If you have access to a holistic health practitioner or naturopath, you are very fortunate because you can then receive a full spectrum of care.
Whoever provides your health care, I've learned it is always a good idea to do your own research first before accepting anything that someone else tells you as the whole truth. (That includes this article, since it is based on my personal experience alone.) Do your homework!
More Thyroid Help
Beat Hypothyroidism Naturally: Proven 3-Step Guide to Healthy Thyroid FunctionCheck Price Pure Encapsulations – Thyroid Support Complex 120cCheck Price
Update on My Thyroid Condition
Looking back, I can now understand that my lab tests viewed over the long term show: hyperthyroid right after the CT scan, then a sudden change to HYPO-thyroid. In other words, my thyroid is not producing enough thyroid hormone. The good news for me is that my TSH lab values are now one-third of what they were, although the free T4 is only marginally improved.
In order to aid in the production of thyroid hormone, I have reintroduced iodized salt and seafood back into my diet. Also, after being cautioned about the dangers of distilled water for drinking, I asked my doctor about using a reverse osmosis water filter. She said that there is no good way to filter out fluoride from water without also filtering out essential minerals like calcium. She advised me either to continue using filtered tap water (I use a Brita filter), purchase a carbon block filter system, or add mineral supplements (if I were to continue to drink distilled or reverse osmosis filtered water). For now, I'm sticking with my Brita filter until I find a better system.
Also, since my thyroid values are improving, my doctor did not feel I needed to take thyroid hormone (Armour thyroid) right now. She provided me with a thyroid support supplement to take in the morning.
In addition, because I have a family history of thyroid disease (my mother was diagnosed with Graves' disease), my doctor suggested that I request a full thyroid lab panel from my primary physician. This consists of: TPO (thyroid peroxidase antibody screen), thyroglobulin antibody, and TSI (Graves specific thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin) to see if I am predisposed to thyroid problems. She said that not everyone will have the same reaction to iodine contrast with a CT scan, so a hereditary tendency might be the reason.
Photo by author
Which Foods are Good for Your Thyroid?
There are some foods which can lead to goiter (an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid), and which are referred to as "goitrogenic" foods.
Photo, Gadini @Pixabay
Although she stated that you'd have to eat these foods for breakfast, lunch, and dinner to cause a problem, my doctor did say that there are some foods that can promote goiter: those foods include soy, raw kale, cabbage, and broccoli. Again, you'd have to eat a LOT of these foods, but it's something to keep in mind when you have thyroid issues.
Foods that help support the thyroid are: Brazil nuts (they contain selenium), sea vegetables like kombu and wakami (contain iodine), chicken and fish (contain protein),and oysters. Kale, cabbage, spinach, and broccoli are good, as long as they are cooked and not raw. Iodized salt is also beneficial in small amounts. I've been drinking coconut water for hydration and for the added minerals.
In general, it's always smart to use good judgment about what you eat and don't go overboard eating too much of any one thing. Maintain good health habits of getting out for fresh air and exercise, staying well-hydrated, and avoiding sugary and fatty foods. Stress can be a factor in many cases, too.
I hope this post has been helpful to those who are going through similar issues.
Please do not consider any of this as medical or health advice:
I caution that this is my experience only; your situation may be
different. Always consult your health practitioner for this
and any other health concerns.
Looking and Feeling Younger For Life
janfran50 Health & Nutrition, Healthy Skin for Life April 3, 2014 December 8, 2015 beauty tips, care for your skin, dried skin, dry skin, dry skin under eyes, great skin, healthy skin, how can i look younger, how do i take care of my skin, how do you get rid of dry skin, how to care for your skin, how to get better sleep, how to prevent wrinkles, how to quit smoking, look young, look younger than your age, looking young for life, looking younger, mary kay cosmetics, multivitamins, my face is so dry, skin care advice, sleeping better, staying healthy, what is a good skin care regimen, what to do about dry skin, what vitamins should i take	0 Comment
Some tips to keep you looking and feeling younger for life. A quality skin care regimen, getting enough sleep, nutrition, and supplementation is important to keep you looking and feeling younger for life.


What were you doing before you joined RSS Infrastructure (RSSI)?
My 10-year career in the British Armed Forces as a Royal Engineer included 5 years in Maidstone as part of the 36 Engineers regiment as well as an additional 5 years at Wimbish in the 33EOD regiment. Joining the military gave me the opportunity to explore and discover a variety of different cultures and countries around the world including; two tours in Afghanistan as well as Northern Ireland, Canada, Belize in South America and Cyprus.
In 2013, I decided to take those skills that I had learnt within the armed forces, such as adaptability, safety consciousness, determination and pride in my work, and begin my journey into the rail sector, where I initially started working on P-WAY and in railway construction. In 2017 I successfully completed the OLEC2 qualification but was not able to fully utilise those skills I had learnt until joining RSS Infrastructure in 2018.
How has RSSI supported your development?
Joining RSSI has already opened the door to new and fantastic opportunities within the RSSI OLE division where I continue to be an instrumental part of the Great Western Electrification Programme, where I am able to utilise my OLEC 2 qualification for the creation of new OLE structures. I have also worked with the Track Access team helping clients to increase productivity and provide safe access for road rail vehicles through the installation of Road Rail Access Points in Wembley.
The company's highly skilled arborists were able to complete the works on schedule within the agreed timeframe of 3 days. The teams extensive experience in delivering this type of works helped to provide the client with a solution that met both their budgetary requirements as well as focusing on the key safety elements needed to ensure that the entire workforce was protected at all times. The quick turnaround also reduced the amount of site disruption and increased client productivity allowing for a speedy delivery of the regeneration project for Wednesbury to Brierly Hill extension.


After the disastrous Suez military campaign of 1956, beleaguered Prime Minister Anthony Eden took refuge in some rest and recuperation at 'Goldeneye,' the Jamaican house of Ian Fleming, creator of James Bond.
It is superbly appropriate. For Suez was the moment when it became clear that Britain had lost its great power status. And the invention of James Bond was a reaction to this. Bond was a one man saviour of the national prestige. The public immediately made the connection. The first Bond book, 'Casino Royale,' had come out in 1953. But it was not until Suez that sales really took off. The audience was looking for some fictional comfort.
And all belonging to the England of private education. When he sold the film rights, Fleming envisaged Bond as someone with a background at Eton. Instead, producers Harry Saltzman and Cubby Broccoli went in a totally different direction. They chose Sean Connery, a working class Scotsman. Initially Fleming was aghast. But it proved to be one of the best casting decisions in the history of the cinema.
1960's JB – Sean Connery: sporting a small collared shirt and plain knitted tie. We like the style!
Connery as 007 radically alters the entire message of the films. Instead of the reactionary defender of a rotting regime, Bond becomes the harbinger of a democratic future. The clothes – classic, understated and razor sharp, the 'shaken, not stirred' lifestyle of consumer choice – this was now in the reach of a growing portion of the population, even if only on the level of aspiration. As the pioneers of popular modernism were also discovering, with a Welfare State, full employment and the odd lucky shake of the dice, style could become the people's property.
The early Bond films positively revel in this atmosphere. The way the camera lingers on a Turkish bazaar, or even on the trappings of a nice hotel room – you had never seen these things, never experienced them for yourself. But maybe one day you would. And when that day came, you would wring every last drop of pleasure out of it – but not like some grateful peasant.
Instead, you would do it with a bit of swagger, the way that Connery laid out for you.
His introduction in the first film, 1962's 'Dr No,' is a thing of cinematic beauty. He is in a casino, and the camera, with almost the dexterity of Martin Scorcese's 'Goodfellas,' takes you on a trip around the scene. We see Bond from the back, and we see his hands laying the cards. But we see nothing else of him until his opponent and future love interest announces herself as "Trench, Sylvia Trench." Bond states his own name in what has become the time honoured fashion, with a sense of 'seen it all before, man of the world' ennui – part of the training for the role that Connery had been given by the film's director, old time Soho bohemian Terence Young. Throughout the scene, up the moment when Bond hands Trench his card to set up their first date, Connery is a messenger of a new working class self assurance.
'Dr No' is a fine film, especially for the first hour. The Austin Powers series has made it difficult to take too seriously the Bond villains with their extravagant hideouts and hundreds of anonymous henchmen. For this reason the best in the entire series remains the second, 'From Russia with Love.' It is tense, tight, exotic but rooted in reality – and it is even more stylish, not least because the waistband of the trousers has come down to a more contemporary level.
The next one, 'Goldfinger', had an introduction that showed that the thing was already being played for laughs – Bond climbs out of the water in a wetsuit with a plastic bird stuck to its head, and when he takes it off he has a dinner jacket underneath. It was evidence of a decline that would go into overdrive with the disastrous early 70s casting of Roger Moore – a fine, lightweight gentleman spy, but entirely without the malice and the necessary edge of class conflict that Connery brought to the table.
Waist coat style before Gareth! Space Jim, but not as we know it!
The choice of Moore threw the character off kilter for decades. It was only with Daniel Craig that the makers appeared to realise what they had. It was not a case of attempting to bring Connery back – the misogyny of the early 60s would not be acceptable today, for example. But it was a recognition that Bond was not a joker or just another adventure hero, that the character had to be developed. So they went back to the egg, starting with 'Casino Royale' and constructing a more vulnerable, occasionally troubled Bond – and a Bond who, despite the odd suit which overdoes the tight fit, has a sense of style rooted in 'From Russia with Love' era Connery.
The context, of course, is different. Fifty five years ago Connery represented a new culture on the rise. Decades of neo-liberalism have sent the ball rolling in the other direction. But the future is unwritten. And perhaps the Daniel Craig Bond films are a message – shouted quietly, as the Pellicanos would say – that we can bring back the values that make style the people's property.
This entry was posted by Tomasso in Pellicano Journal and tagged James Bond, knitted tie, tab collar.
Superbe lecture, merci, Bond! James Bond!


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text:
Toto je seznam měst na Komorách.

Zdaleka největší aglomerací na Komorách je Moroni, kde 1. ledna 2005 žilo 42 872 obyvatel, což představuje asi 6% obyvatelstva celé země.

V následující tabulce jsou uvedena města nad 4 000 obyvatel, výsledky sčítání obyvatelstva z 15. září 1991, odhady počtu obyvatel k 1. lednu 2005 a ostrovní distrikty, do nichž města náleží. Počet obyvatel se vztahuje na vlastní město bez předměstí. Města jsou seřazena podle velikosti.

Reference

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