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Home » Accessibility
We are committed to providing a website that is accessible to the widest possible audience, regardless of technology or ability.
We are actively working to increase the accessibility and usability of our website and in doing so adhere to many of the available standards and guidelines.
This website endeavours to conform to level Double-A of the World Wide Web Consortium W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0.
These guidelines explain how to make web content more accessible for people with disabilities. Conformance with these guidelines will help make the web more user friendly for all people.
This site has been built using code compliant with W3C standards for HTML and CSS. The site displays correctly in current browsers and using standards compliant HTML/CSS code means any future browsers will also display it correctly.
Whilst we strive to adhere to the accepted guidelines and standards for accessibility and usability, it is not always possible to do so in all areas of the website.
We are continually seeking out solutions that will bring all areas of the site up to the same level of overall web accessibility. In the meantime should you experience any difficulty in accessing the our website, please don't hesitate to contact us.
Where possible use an up-to-date browser
By using an up-to-date browser (the program you use to access the internet) you will have access to a much richer set of options to aid you as your navigate your way around this site.
The standard browsers we would recommend are below with links to install each of them:
Download Microsoft Edge (new version of Windows Explorer)
Once installed, each will bring its own selection of accessibilty options and may allow further options via the use of plug-ins. For more details see the Accessibility page for each one:
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Options in our site
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Options in your browser
Most modern browsers all share the most common accessibility tools, here is a list of useful features:
Incremental search allows you to progressively search a web page for a particular word or phrase on a page. To enable this on your browser, press and hold ALT and then tap F. This will open a box to type your search into. As you type, the matches will be highlighted on the page for you.
Spatial Navigation
Hitting tab will jump you to each of the items you can interact with on any page. Holding the SHIFT key and then pressing tab will take you to the previous item.
Caret Navigation (Internet explorer and firefox only)
Instead of using a mouse to select text and move around within a webpage, you can use standard navigation keys on your keyboard : Home, End, Page Up, Page Down & the arrow keys. This feature is named after the caret, or cursor, that appears when you edit a document.
To turn this feature on, press the F7 key at the top of your keyboard and choose whether to enable the caret on the tab you are viewing or all your tabs.
Pressing the space bar on a web page will move the page you are viewing down to the next visible part of the page.
Depending on your browser, you can override all fonts on the site to one that is easier for you to read.
Guides here:
Change font in Google Chrome
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Enlarge your view
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Apple Mac and Windows operating system both contain options to enlarge your view of your screen
Make your computer read the site aloud
This website has been built with screen readers in mind. Menus, pictures and inputs will have the correct tags and mark up to compliment your chosen screen reader.
We have tested with following tools:
NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access) – NVDA is a free screen reader for computers running on the Windows operating system. The latest version can be downloaded for FREE here (on this page you may be asked for a voluntary donation, if you do not wish to donate, click "skip donation this time")
WAVE – WAVE is developed and made available as a free community service by WebAIM. Originally launched in 2001, WAVE has been used to evaluate the accessibility of millions of web pages. You can read more here.
Windows Narrator – Microsoft Windows Narrator is available in most versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems and reads text on the screen aloud and describes events like error messages so you can use your PC without a display. To find out more and how to enable it on your version, please click here.Control your computer with your voice
Apple Mac and Windows operating systems both provide ways to control your computer with voice recognition. The BBC provide a guide to switching on voice recognition across the different versions but settings are different again if you are using Apple OS X Yosemite.
Third party voice recognition software is available too.
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Latest News 14th December 2020
Port of Southampton – providing vital services in unusual circumstances
Many events occurred during the month of October – the lead up to the US elect...
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Caratteristiche tecniche
È un terzino sinistro.

Palmarès

Club

Competizioni statali

Flamengo: 2017

Atlético Goianiense: 2019

Competizioni nazionali

Mirassol: 2020

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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ONS: 04 November 2018
Tags: Africa, Asia, christians, Communications, Cuba, earthquake, Ebola, Egypt, Election, elections, EU, Europe, friends, Iran, Islamic State, Japan, Mali, Mexico, Middle East, NATO, News, North Korea, Opposition, Pakistan, Panama, Protest, protests, Syria, Tehran, UN, United States, virus
AFRICA: The al-Qaeda affiliated Macina Liberation Front terror organization forced more than twenty public schools to close over the last three days in two rural communities in Mali.
AMERICAS: Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman goes on trial in New York on Monday accused of running the world's biggest drug cartel and smuggling more than 155 tonnes of cocaine.
ASIA: Pakistani police say over 150 people have been arrested during the protests that erupted after a Christian woman was acquitted of blasphemy charges.
EUROPE: Prime Minister Theresa May's office said that reports suggesting an all-UK customs deal written into the agreement governing Britain's withdrawal from the EU are only "speculation".
MIDDLE EAST:.Thousands rallied in Tehran on Sunday to mark the 39th anniversary of the U.S. Embassy takeover, as Washington restored all sanctions lifted under the nuclear deal.
TECHNOLOGY: Britain may be vulnerable to state-sponsored hacking of its critical infrastructure for the next decade because of a shortage of cyber-security specialists, a top NATO adviser warned.
New Caledonia: Early returns point to "no" vote in referendum as island territory decides between independence and continued French rule.
Turnout was high, with approximately 123,000 votes cast out of 174,000 registered voters in the territory. The surge of interest led to some polling places help open late and delayed announcement of results.
The referendum is the result of a 30-year process of decolonization and the first such vote since Djibouti opted for independence in 1977.
Sentiments split largely on ethnic lines as indigenous Kanak people tend to favor independence while descendents of European settlers tend to favor French rule.
French officials pledged that either outcome would be a "victory" for residents of the territory, which provides France with a strategic foothold in the Pacific and access to large nickel deposits.
Reporting: Reuters, AP, BBC, AFP, ELE
Gabon: opposition politician Jean Ping repeated his claim to have won 2016 elections as President Ali Bongo Ondimba remained in hospital in Saudi Arabia. (AFP)
Mali: The al-Qaeda affiliated Macina Liberation Front terror organization forced more than twenty public schools to close over the last three days in two rural communities in the southwestern region of the country. (EFE)
South Sudan: The government stated that it is ready to probe tribal clashes in Jonglei state where fifteen people have died and twenty have sustained injuries. (Xinhua)
Regional: More than 3,200 Central Americans who had been heading towards the United States have applied to Mexico for asylum over the past two weeks, the government said. (Xinhua)
Cuba: President Miguel Diaz-Canel arrived in North Korea on a visit that underlines the "invincible friendship and unity and comradely friendship" between the two countries, the North's state-run newspaper Rodong Sinmun said. (Yonhap)
United States: Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman goes on trial in New York on Monday accused of running the world's biggest drug cartel and smuggling more than 155 tonnes of cocaine. (AFP)
Regional: Japan and the United States plan to draw up an operations plan for a combined response by their armed forces to Chinese threats to the Senkaku Islands, Japanese sources said. (Kyodo)
Afghanistan: Up to eighteen militants loyal to the Islamic State were killed and one of their hideouts destroyed by Afghan forces in the eastern province of Nangarhar. (Xinhua)
Pakistan: Police say over 150 people have been arrested during the protests that erupted after a Christian woman was acquitted of blasphemy charges. (AP)
Regional: A weeklong series of commemorations begins in France to mark the 100th anniversary of the end of World War I, with some 80 world leaders expected to attend. (RFE/RL)
Poland: Voters go to the polls in local runoff elections to choose the mayors of several key cities, including Krakow and Gdansk, along with many smaller towns. (AP)
United Kingdom: Prime Minister Theresa May's office said that reports suggesting an all-UK customs deal written into the agreement governing Britain's withdrawal from the EU are only "speculation". (Reuters)
Egypt: Security forces killed nineteen Islamist militants from a cell believed to be responsible for an attack on Christians in Minya province in central Egypt which left seven people dead last week. (Reuters)
Iran: Thousands rallied in Tehran on Sunday to mark the 39th anniversary of the U.S. Embassy takeover, as Washington restored all sanctions lifted under the nuclear deal. (AP)
Syria: At least fourteen civilians were killed in U.S.-led coalition air strikes on the Islamic State group's last holdout in eastern Syria, a monitor said. (AFP)
Cybersecurity: Britain may be vulnerable to state-sponsored hacking of its critical infrastructure for the next decade because of a shortage of cyber-security specialists, a top NATO adviser warned. (Telegraph)
Cyclones: Nothing to report.
Hurricanes: Tropical Storm Xavier
195 miles SSW of Manzanillo, Mexico
Winds: 60 mph
Movement: N at 6 mph
Earthquakes: 6 km SE of Sapad, Philippines
Volcanoes: Nothing to report.
Confirmed Cases as of 2NOV18: 258 (DR Congo)
Suspected Cases as of 2NOV18: 35 (DR Congo)
Deaths as of 2NOV18: 182 (DR Congo)
TOMORROW'S OUTLOOK (05 NOV)
Global: World Tsunami Awareness Day – 2015
Commonwealth: Guy Fawkes Night – 1605
Panama: Colon Day – 1903
Romania: Court to hear PSD leader Dragnea's appeal case against corruption charges

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After that he started propspamming deathmazes, but removed them at the threat of reporting.
A few minutes later, he did it again and crashed the server.
Screenshots are from the second time.
Imparting a 3-day ban for propspamming.


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Waiting in the Wings
A young cowboy looks on during the 17th Annual Brent Thurman Memorial Bull Riding event in Dripping Spring, Texas on June 27th, 2015.
WEC #12 – Rebellion Racing
Sometimes a panned shot pans out beautifully. This one is my favourite from the images I shot at the World Endurance Championship "6 Hours of Circuit of the Americas" in September. The car is pin sharp and the glowing brake disks add drama and interest.
Old Moore's Crossing Bridge, Austin
Old Moore's Crossing Bridge can now be found in Austin's Richard Moya Park just east of the airport but it was previously found crossing the Colorado River at Congress Avenue in downtown Austin. This shot was taken as part of a commission to produce art for the newly-renovated Westbank Community Library in Austin.
Victoria Among The Props
I spent a great deal of time photographing the Dripping Springs High School band this marching season. This shot was taken at the Westlake Marching Festival in early October and shows one of the band members between the slats of the props used for this year's show.
The Weber House
Our annual NxNW photography trip took a group of a dozen photobloggers to the Palouse region of Washington State in June. This abandoned farmhouse made a great infra-red subject beneath a dramatic sky.
Whitman County Growers
This tinted monochrome Palouse landscape was taken from the summit of Steptoe Butte State Park in Washington. It has been fairly successful in the local exhibition circuit winning one "Best of Show" and being accepted into another juried exhibition so far.
Justin in the Barley
2015 was the year when I finally got to grips with my colour infra-red workflow and started producing interesting pictures that I'm happy with. This is one of those shots and shows Justin Balog crouching in a Palouse wheat field during our June NxNW photoblogger expedition.
Lewis Hamilton in the Rain
The photographic highlight of the year for me was shooting the 2015 United States Grand Prix at Circuit of the Americas. This shot was taken from the top of the CoTA tower during FP1 and shows Lewis Hamilton, 2015 World Champion, in his Mercedes.
Lewis Hamilton, Heading for the Checkered Flag
With his win at the US Grand Prix at Circuit of the Americas on October 25th, Lewis Hamilton clinched his third Formula 1 drivers' world championship.
Halloween: Batman in Retirement
Taken at a neighbourhood Halloween party, this simple portrait made it into my "Best of 2015" list because it makes me smile every time I see it.


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Nov 10, 2019 IST
TORONTO (AP) — Sean Couturier scored the shootout winner to give the Philadelphia Flyers a 3-2 victory over the Toronto Maple Leafs on Saturday night.
Flyers captain Claude Giroux also scored in the shootout. William Nylander was the only successful Toronto shooter. Last weekend in Philadelphia, Toronto went a club-record 11 rounds to beat the Flyers in a shootout.
"That last game in our building and tonight, they're hard-fought games," Flyers coach Alain Vigneault said. "Our focus was on bringing a real strong game on the road. "It's a big two points."
Phillipe Myers and Oskar Lindblom scored in regulation for Philadelphia, and Brian Elliott stopped 38 shots.
Nylander had a goal and an assist, Travis Dermott also scored for Toronto and Frederik Andersen made 30 saves. The Maple Leafs had won a season-high three games.
Toronto also lost star winger Mitch Marner to an ankle injury early in the second period. Marner was hurt after falling awkwardly on his right leg off the second period's opening faceoff. The 22-year-old struggled to get to the bench and went the locker room. He returned during a television timeout to test his ankle, but once again headed off and was done for the night.
"I don't know the extent," Toronto coach Mike Babcock said. "I don't know if it's a few days or weeks or whatever. "There's no sense on dwelling on it."
Kevin Hayes hit the post in overtime for Philadelphia before Ivan Provorov deked Andersen to the ice, but sent a backhander wide. Toronto got a power play late in the extra period, but Elliott denied Nylander.
Myers and Lindblom gave the Flyers a 2-0 lead in the first period, with Lindblom scoring on a power play. Dermott scored midway through the second, and Nylander tied it early in the third.
"It was a good hockey game up and down the rink," Babcock said. "We had opportunity, they had opportunity. They got the second point and we didn't."
NOTES: Auston Matthews had two assists for Toronto. ... Both teams were playing the first game of a back-to-back. ... Leafs winger Andreas Johnsson played the 100th game of his NHL career.
Flyers: At Boston on Sunday night.
Maple Leafs: At Chicago on Sunday night.
Exclusive: Goo Goo Dolls' John Rzeznik on Buffalo sports, Los Angeles & more
Actor Derek Theler on sports, learning to play hockey, his pets and working with Petco
Exclusive: Beam co-founder Matt Lombardi talks CBD, life after pro-hockey & more
Exclusive: moe. drummer Vinnie Amico on Buffalo sports, upcoming plans & more
Giroux, Flyers beat Maple Leafs 6-1 for 5th straight win
NHL Top 10 Teams Entering Week Five
Farabee scores in shootout, Flyers beat Bruins 3-2
Capitals top Flyers 2-1 in shootout to extend point streak
Johnsson leads Maple Leafs to 6-0 win over Red Wings
Islanders beat Panthers 2-1 for 11th win in 12 games


I've just returned from the Blockchain Expo in London's Olympia – a really well organised conference, with a great range of technical and business related talks and panels. But from speaking to some of my fellow software professionals, I became aware that even though they were aware of blockchain and the hype around it, they weren't really aware of how it worked, or what it could be used for.
To fill this gap – and also to help me understand it more deeply – I've started to write a short series of posts. Because it's quite a tricky topic – and that some people seem to use Blockchain and Bitcoin kind of interchangeably – I've written it in the style of a conversation which I think helps explain it a bit better.
So you're just back from a conference, and you want to "blockchain all the things" now to "disrupt markets"?
Well, no. Though I understand why you're cynical. It's definitely getting a lot of hype. I'm not quite ready to "blockchain all the things" quite yet.
I'm not sure why I'd be interested in a technology that's for Bitcoin.
It's not just for Bitcoin, though the Bitcoin and Blockchain are often talked about together. Blockchain is a foundational technology, which solves a problem to allow Bitcoin to work. Bitcoin is an application of that technology.
OK – what is the problem that Blockchain solves for Bitcoin?
For that specific application, it solves the double-spending problem. Since it's so easy to copy things digitally, it's rational to not trust that the digital coin being spent in one transaction isn't being copied, and used over and over again – a bit like counterfeiting digital money. This problem isn't really about how to stop copying bits and bytes – it's fundamentally about how to facilitate trust between two parties.
(You can read more at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-spending).
Blockchain is the technology that facilitates this trust by providing a reputable public ledger of activity detailing all transactions. You can receive a promise of receiving a valid bitcoin payment, and trust that you'll receive a valid bitcoin token which has never been used before when the transaction completes.
I've used the word "trust" there three times, that was deliberate. Blockchain isn't some kind of accountancy software – it solves a trust problem.
So let's stay with the Bitcoin application for a minute – how does this Blockchain (or ledger) get generated?
The bitcoin network gathers all the transactions in a set period together into a list, called a block. Given it's a list of transactions, you can think of it a bit like a bank statement. If you go to https://blockchain.info/, you can see transactions occurring in real time.
Bundles these transactions into a block (which will be the next block on the chain of blocks…i.e. the blockchain).
And finally solves a computationally difficult puzzle.
The reward is a number of bitcoins – it's about 12.5BTC at the moment. This activity is called Bitcoin Mining, and the people who do this are called miners.
Woah – I understand validating the transactions, bundling them, and adding a reference to the previous block so you have a determined sequence. But what was that about a computationally difficult puzzle – why's that a thing miners have to do?
This stops people cheating – this is the bit that makes people trust the blockchain contains real, unmodified information.
This puzzle makes it quite difficult to generate a single genuine block of transactions (miners really have to earn their money). It's maybe not immediately obvious, but this makes it almost impossibly difficult to pick a historical block and start to dishonestly alter its contents (maybe to re-use a token). If you tried to do that, you'd have to re-generate all the blocks created in the chain since the one you want to modify, at the same time as other miners are trying to create new blocks as fast as they can to earn money.
So is this a bit of an issue we need to be careful of – people conflating Bitcoin and Blockchain?
Yeah – Blockchain is a technology, Bitcoin is an application of that technology.
I think I understand the distinction now. So a blockchain is like a database where you can only insert and read data, but not update or delete data?
Kind of, yes. Not exactly like that, but if that metaphor helps, sure.
And obviously in order to start researching the next block to insert it, you need to have a copy of the most up-to-date version of this database?
Yes – you can think of it in terms of pulling the latest version, but the way it actually works is that the person who successfully creates (or "mines") the latest block broadcasts this over a peer-to-peer network, and other miners on the network can validate it add it to the end of their own chains.
So this publically accessible blockchain solves a problem for a cryptocurrency. But I still don't get how this can be used somewhere else.
Let's go back to the fundamental problem that blockchain solves – it solves a trust problem. It allows two parties who are guaranteed to act in their own self-interest to transact without needing a trusted financial intermediary, because the blockchain won't allow a dishonest user to cheat.
Just to say it again – blockchain solves the trust problem. It doesn't need to just be for financial transactions. Any market where you need to hire (and pay) a trusted intermediary in order to carry out a transaction could be a candidate to use blockchain to eliminate the need for that intermediary.
Exactly like that. If the title deed to land you own was stored on the blockchain, then a purchaser wouldn't need to hire a solicitor to verify that you really were the owner. They'd know you had the right to sell this asset because there'd be a vast public ledger showing your ownership. And after you sold this land, you couldn't sell it again because there's a record of the transaction transferring ownership from you – if you tried to replay the transaction, a miner would see this transaction as invalid and reject it from the block.
One use case being cited frequently is how this could be used to stop corruption – where officials might modify title deeds held in a government controlled land registry to lay claim to land which isn't theirs. Their ability to modify those deeds gives them a chance erase a history of land ownership that they don't like, and then claim "You have never owned this land, it has always belonged to me". But if these deeds were on an incorruptible public blockchain, that history could not be erased. Blockchain used in this way can actually uphold the rule of law.
I can see why people are getting excited.
Brilliant. Can I say "disrupt" yet?
Yes, but don't overuse it.
You wouldn't like technology conferences if you don't like the word "disrupt".
eBay disrupted the high-street by allowing sellers and buyers to directly engage – you didn't need a high-street shop.
Amazon's Kindle disrupted the book manufacturing industry (and delivery network) because it allowed you to get a book without needing physical delivery of a paper asset – you didn't need paper or a courier.
Blockchain is threatening to disrupt a lot of industries where intermediates are needed to establish trust.
For example – blockchain applications could disrupt the estate agency business by eliminating the need for solicitors to charge fees for title verification.
OK you've said disrupt enough now. So if this is such an obvious efficiency, why are we not seeing this happen?
Next time see a house you'd like to buy, imagine that the seller says to you, "it's ok you don't need a solicitor – my deeds are on the public blockchain", how likely are you to hire a solicitor anyway? I'd say right now you're 100% likely to hire a solicitor.
And there's no real motivation to change this model in the UK – there's not really a problem to solve. The registry of land ownership works well, solicitors work well, and when things go wrong there are well understood paths to compensate those who are affected. It's not likely we'll see a blockchain based land registry in the UK soon.
Right, so this is all a bit theoretical and not really something to pay attention to?
Well, that's definitely not quite right. Let's see how Sweden manage it, because they're putting their land registry on blockchain and it's going live this March.
And Dubai are even more ambitious – they aim to have all government documents on blockchain by 2020.
Closer to home, the Royal Mint are offering a product called RMG this year, which will have asset ownership tracked on blockchain.
There are a bunch of other use cases with live solutions – such as preventing conflict diamonds or stolen items entering the market (https://www.everledger.io/), and document certification (https://stampery.com/).
Actually those are pretty serious examples. I first thought that all this blockchain stuff still seemed too theoretical, but it seems to be gathering pace in the real world.
You're not the only one thinking that.
The blockchain expo had a lot of solicitors and insurance agents attending, and they were incredibly keen to understand how this disruption would affect them.
Incumbents think the new tech is too theoretical and dismiss it.
Suddenly they see evidence of the new technology and new players muscling them out of their traditional markets.
They panic and try to adapt, but they've missed the boat.
They stay around for a while, but slowly become an anachronism.
Think of Blackberry if you want a good example of this happening recently.
So whereas some at the conference were asking about whether regulation would stop the new technology from getting a foothold, more were trying to find out if they could adapt now and be one of the new players who exploit the new technology.
There was a definite sense at the conference that the audience believed that we're observing this classic disruption cycle in progress now. The unknown is just when that sudden collapse of the old order is going to happen. Action from serious players like Sweden and Dubai encourages the market to think it's going to happen sooner rather than later.
More soon. I hope this was useful to anyone starting to get to grips with what blockchain is and how it can change the world – next time I'll write about Ethereum, Regulation, Public and Private/Consortium Blockchains, and can blockchains go wrong.


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text:
The Unsound
Eisner Award-nominated writer Cullen Bunn (Harrow County, The Empty Man) is joined by brilliant newcomer artist Jack T. Cole to present a surreal psychological horror series that will have you questioning what it is to truly be crazy… Ever since she was little, all Ashli wanted was to help people. It's why she went to nursing school, and it's why she signed up for the vacant position at Saint Cascia, despite the psychiatric hospital's less-than-sterling reputation. But when strange occurrences begin in the midst of her very first day on the job, Ashli is forced to escape through the labyrinthine bowels of the asylum to not only help her fellow nurses, but to save herself.
Jack Cole
Drama	Horror	Supernatural/Occult
Winnebago Graveyard
Cold Spots


For those of you who watched the "Studio Topo Tip - Part 1" video that I posted you may have notices the part where I had a mind blank. I completely forgot how to use the "Resize" tool in Revit to scale the topographical image. (In my defense, I had to use AutoCAD for the last two days in work ... yuck).
Juan emailed me and reminded me how to use the Resize tool. We will call the last post one option and this post the second, quicker, option to scaling and image in Revit. Thanks for reminding me Juan.
I apologize if those of you who are not new to Revit were thinking "Why the hell is he doing it that way?" I thought the same thing.
Thanks for redoing the video and the great video tutorials!


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Vatican congregation issues new norms for ecclesiastical institutions of higher education
Dec 10, 2020 • 2 Min Read
The Pontifical Urbaniana University in Rome has 110 affiliated institutes in Africa and Asia. (Bohumil Petrik/CNA)
The Vatican's Congregation for Catholic Education issued Wednesday three new instructions on ecclesiastical institutions of higher education.
The congregation issued the new norms concerning the affiliation, aggregation, and incorporation of such institutions Dec. 9, in Italian, French, Spanish and Polish.
Archbishop Vincenzo Zani, the congregation's secretary, told Vatican News that the instructions sought to strengthen the worldwide network of ecclesiastical institutions.
The instructions state that ecclesiastical institutions of higher education must apply to the congregation when seeking a change regarding affiliation, aggregation or incorporation. The congregation will then issue a decree approving the change ad quinquennium experimenti gratia (for a five-year trial period).
After five years, the congregation may then either revoke the initial decree or issue a new one ad aliud quinquennium (for a further five years.)
The new norms will apply from the first day of the 2021-2022 academic year or of the 2022 academic year, depending on the local academic calendar.
Zani said that there are more than 500 ecclesiastical institutions worldwide. Of these, 120 are ecclesiastical faculties of theology, philosophy, canon law or other subjects, while there are around 400 affiliated, aggregated and incorporated institutes.
The archbishop explained that ecclesiastical faculties have three cycles of studies. The first ends with a baccalaureate degree, the second with a licentiate degree, and the third with a doctoral degree.
Affiliated institutes can only issue a baccalaureate degree. Aggregated institutes can offer both baccalaureate and licentiate degrees. Incorporated institutes -- which Zani said are "very few and specialized" -- provide only licentiate and doctoral degrees.
"These institutions are under the responsibility of the faculties, but having renewed the whole system of studies, we are gradually approving the rules also for the institutions that are connected with the faculties," he said.
The new instructions follow the 2018 apostolic constitution "Veritatis gaudium," in which Pope Francis called for the "renewal of the system of ecclesiastical studies."
Zani said that the instructions aimed to promote a missionary spirit among ecclesiastical higher education institutions.
"Keep in mind that, for example, the Pontifical Urbaniana University, which is one among a number of Roman pontifical universities, has 110 affiliated institutes in Africa and Asia," he said.
"This presents an extraordinary opportunity for working and networking together, also in collaboration with the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples."
"In this way, and together with these institutions, we hope to follow, to respond to the challenges of today in order to ensure that the system of ecclesiastical studies is not self-referential, but follows the thrust of the Church which is the new evangelization and missionary outreach."
Congregation for Catholic Education
Catholic News Agency was founded in 2004, in response to Pope St. John Paul II's call for a "New Evangelization." It is an apostolate of EWTN News.
Vatican publishes norms on consecrated virgins by Hannah Brockhaus July 20, 2018
Vatican updates norms for Anglican ordinariates by Hannah Brockhaus April 10, 2019
Fighting abuse in lay movements: Vatican mandates norms, guidelines by Cindy Wooden February 28, 2020


They all looked for Vic's leg after the accident. His truck had skimmed a cedar tree, sliced the door right off with half of Vic's leg. Sheered it off just above the knee, a lovely clean cut as if a surgeon had sat alongside him in the car. The rescue men milled around, stiff coats and heavy tools knocking about, nodding and blinking at one another in the dusk light and then William came down and thought he'd have a look around, thought Vic would appreciate him looking for the leg but he was concerned now as he flicked about bits of red steel and broken glass with his foot, worried that him seeing Laura would most likely stop now as Vic was limbless and surely she would go back to him—a cripple now, it always worked that way and she would nurse him back and certain tender moments would arise out of pity and whatnot.
There would be hot soup brought on trays, afternoons watching mechanic shows on TV and the meeting in the woods near her house would end, slippery dips in the bucket seat of her car and that weekend in Jersey; the musty room, plastic chips sweating in their hands and she wasn't a very pretty woman, lipstick always sloppy, blouses dull and thin but she had a mousy glow—a freckled superiority he liked to think and they chatted about evolution and steamboats and she really could chat, really get the fire going. But lately he really wondered about it all and he seemed wise on indecision and what form he should really take, her eyes wandered lately and a certain rage seemed to swim between them and sometimes he wondered if he was stupid, really did she think him stupid, his views not warranted? She laughed at him and his inability, his inability to coax certain charms from her.
He stumbled down the ravine and kicked stones and twigs and fell hard against a boulder—a sudden, sharp pain hit his shoulder but he picked himself up, heavy bones and body, fat that Laura pawed and patted. His foot knocked something thick and pliant—the leg. A stocky, pale calf covered in dark hair, the sneaker and sock still on, the wide, wine-colored birthmark near the knee that Laura hated so much. He pushed it down the ravine and watched it jerk wildly down the slope—the surface of the cut, a mottled red in the pale light, rushing against the thick weeds, collecting brush and rock.
just fixed this url, wasn't working before...thx marcus!
i love the way this narrator's motivation to keep his love alive sneaks through in every area, the bruise of losing this woman and how ugly it is to watch, yet true. This is so good. I love phrases that you use uniquely like "freckled superiority" that catches me and I can so see her, mousy but freckled and glowing to him. Also love "and a certain rage seemed to swim between them". So much to love here.
Still fine with the spectacular revenge at the end. A terrific piece.
Thanks, Meg & David, always appreciate comments form you two!
Thanks, Julie! No need for weighty comments, just glad you liked it!
Yikes! Wow! So well executed and so powerful.
Best *last* sentence I've read in a while.
"—the surface of the cut, a mottled red in the pale light, rushing against the thick weeds, collecting brush and rock."
Thanks, Matt! I played around with that one for a while.
Agree with Matt. Superb ending. You've done a magnificent job tracing the thoughts and emotion that led to it.
Like the wind-up and pitch for a strike three, last out, bottom of the ninth.
Really admire how you've written this.
A parable of human insecurity and jealousy, neatly written.
great piece, loved it, made me read it several times. language used to the fullest here. the piece is filled with allusions and that particular vagueness ("...and whatnot") that can begin to dominate relationships in the presence of clear danger or bereavement. great cadenza at the end. in the foreground, like the scream in munch's painting: the leg.
thanks Katie & Marcus, appreciate your lovely comments!
this could definitely go on, no doubt. esp if you can still feel the leg after it's been cut off.
"as Vic was limbless"--suggests to me no limbs at all which is not the case here. Even "legless" is not quite right. I'd go for precision in this sentence particularly.
The ending! How interesting to read against the William Stafford poem about the pregnant deer.
Love William stafford, don't remember that one, will look it up, more comments on your wall!
Really well written, so original and compelling a story. I didn't expect the ending and thought you made a good choice. Wonderful work.
Loved his inner monologues, very real, all of this.
This is so wonderful -- LOVE that "freckled superiority" and how you close this out with "rock."
Thanks so much, Sara, glad you liked it!
"freckled superiority"--great and the middle paragraph is such an cross-section of insight into the relationship.
Jane & Phoebe, thank you! don't we all wish we had a freckled superiority? I do.
What a cool story. Such vivid descriptions (I'm jealous). Awesome ending...made me like this even more!
Oh, this is horrifically good in every sense of the phrase!


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Submit a guest opinion
How the NRA's allegiance to cops undermines its credibility on gun rights
By Radley Balko
Wayne LaPierre, chief executive of the National Rifle Association. (Andrew Harrer/Bloomberg News)
At long last, someone from the National Rifle Association has spoken up about Philando Castile. Sort of. During a CNN segment, NRA spokeswoman and pundit Dana Loesch said this:
I think it's absolutely awful. It's a terrible tragedy that could have been avoided. I don't agree with every single decision that comes out from courtrooms of America. There are a lot of variables in this particular case, and there were a lot of things that I wish would have been done differently. Do I believe that Philando Castile deserved to lose his life over his [traffic] stop? I absolutely do not. I also think that this is why we have things like NRA Carry Guard, not only to reach out to the citizens to go over what to do during stops like this, but also to work with law enforcement so that they understand what citizens are experiencing when they go through stops like this.
As Jacob Sullum points out at Reason, this is pretty weak stuff. A law-abiding gun owner was shot and killed by a cop after doing everything he was supposed to do. It then took more than a year for anyone from the nation's largest gun rights organization to comment, and when she did, she offered a vague, heavily qualified, quasi-criticism of the cop while implying not only that Castile contributed to his death but also that he might be alive if only he were carrying an NRA Carry Guard card.
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This is about par for the course for the NRA. This is the group that claims to be the only thing preventing the government from obliterating the Second Amendment, yet they're noticeably quiet about the people doing the most violence to the Second Amendment — the armed, badge-wearing government employees we call law enforcement officers. For all the NRA's dire warnings about government gun confiscation, the real, tangible threat to gun-owning Americans today comes not from gun-grabbing bureaucrats but from door-bashing law enforcement officers who think they're at war — who are too often trained to view the people they serve not as citizens with rights but as potential threats. Here, the NRA just doesn't want to get involved.
Take the issue of police raids. When I started writing about the massive increase in the use of SWAT teams, no-knock warrants and "dynamic entry" police raids back in the early 2000s, I was at first surprised at how quiet the NRA was about the issue. When I wrote about the story of Cory Maye, a black Mississippi man on death row after shooting a white police officer during a botched, midnight raid on his home, a number of prominent gun rights advocates spoke up on Maye's behalf — as many have with Castile. (Maye claimed that he thought his home was being invaded by criminals.) And yet as with Castile, the NRA was silent. It's been that way ever since.
But this wasn't always the case. Back in the 1990s, the NRA was sharply and very publicly critical of aggressive police tactics, at least at the federal level. Recall Wayne LaPierre's (in)famous quote deriding ATF agents as "jack-booted thugs." The NRA was widely ridiculed for that criticism — unfairly I think. Though the group's rhetoric could be unhinged at times, so could ATF's tactics. As scholars like Dave Kopel have documented, ATF of the 1990s was brutal, ruthless and dangerously unaccountable.
ATF quieted down when the Bush administration took over, and so did the NRA's criticism. Today, the agency still uses aggressive, constitutionally dubious tactics, but its targets tend to be minorities, the poor and the mentally ill — people less likely to be card-carrying members of the NRA.
But while the NRA has occasionally spoken out over the years about federal abuses, the group has always been reluctant to criticize local police. As has now been well documented — first by the work of criminologist Peter Kraska, and later by surveys from groups like the ACLU — we've seen a massive rise in the use of "dynamic entry" tactics, in which cops break into houses, often at night, in an effort to take the occupants by surprise: whether by the ever-growing number of SWAT teams, or by narcotics units, gang units, drug task forces and other specialized units. Most of these raids are to serve drug warrants, although they've been justified for an ever-growing list of infractions, some incredibly petty. Drug warrants often rely on dirty information. Cops often face pressure to nab suspected drug dealers quickly or to seize a drug stash before it's moved. That can make shortcuts tempting. This is where we get the wrong-house raids that are particularly dangerous for gun owners. These raids are designed to distract, confuse and disorient. So it's of no surprise that when they go wrong, innocent people (or even people guilty of drug crimes, for that matter), might confuse the raiding cops for criminals.
To make matters worse, some police agencies consider legal gun ownership a reason to use these tactics. We covered one such incident here at The Watch. In 2014, police in Iowa conducted a violent dynamic-entry raid on a man suspected of credit card fraud. Their justification for the heavy-handed tactics? The suspect's roommate had a legal gun permit. Imagine if the roommate — who had done nothing wrong — had been home. He likely would have reached for his gun. He might well be dead.
In fact, there's a long list of legal gun owners who were shot dead under precisely those circumstances. One of the more infamous examples is Donald Scott, a gun-rights advocate shot down in his own home during a fruitless marijuana raid in 1992. Just a few of the other examples:
Kathryn Johnston, a 92-year-old woman killed in her home in 2006 when she pointed a rusty revolver at cops who had broken into her house after a bad tip from an informant.
Jason Wescott, killed by Florida police in 2014 after an informant told the cops he had bought some pot from Wescott. The informant later said he had lied. Wescott had earlier been the victim of some threats. When he reported the threats to the police, they advised him to arm himself. The same police agency then raided Wescott's home over what was alleged to be a small amount of marijuana. When he displayed the gun, they killed him.
In 2007, some Florida cops posing undercover as drug dealers were conducting buys on the lawn of 80-year-old Isaac Singletary. Mistaking them for actual drug dealers, Singletary demanded they leave. When they didn't, he came out of his house holding a handgun. The undercover cops shot him dead.
In 2014, Georgia police shot and killed David Hooks when he confronted them with a shotgun during a raid on his home. The police claimed an informant told them he saw meth in Hooks's truck when he trespassed onto Hooks's property to steal his other vehicle. They found no drugs. Hooks had both passed background checks and had a security clearance.
There are of course many others. There are lots of other examples in which police have injured or killed people during these raids after mistaking some other object in the victim's hand for a gun. I suppose those aren't specifically gun-rights cases, but they're part of the same problem.
There are also the examples like Cory Maye, in which the victim of a botched or mistaken raid was prosecuted after understandably mistaking the cops for criminal intruders, and reaching for a gun to defend themselves or their families. (See also Ryan Frederick, Marvin Guy or Matthew David Stewart.) More recently, Henry Magee was no-billed by a grand jury in Texas after killing a cop during a pot raid on his home, and Ray Rosas was acquitted by a jury after wounding three officers during a raid in which police appear to have been looking for Rosas's nephew, who didn't live in Rosas's home. Rosas in fact had previously been subjected to death threats after testifying against a gang member.
As far as I know, the NRA did not vocally support any of these legal gun owners. They didn't criticize the police. They didn't call for a change in police tactics.
As the Castile shooting demonstrates, it's about more than just raids. It's about police training and mindset, too. As we have also pointed out here at The Watch, the officer who shot Castile had recently attended a "Bulletproof Warrior" class, one of series of incredibly popular classes run by Dave Grossman and Jim Glennon. These classes teach cops to see see threats everywhere, and to adopt a starkly cynical, apocalyptic view of the world — similar to the view often provided by NRA head LaPierre, and that Loesch adopted in her recent, much-discussed NRA promotional video. The police officer who shot John Crawford — gunned down in an Ohio Walmart as he held a pellet gun he was considering buying — had recently attended a "pep talk" presentation that cited Sandy Hook, Virginia Tech and other mass shootings to motivate officers to confront "active threats" with "speed, surprise and aggressiveness."
While some police agencies are moving more toward de-escalation and conflict resolution, there's a competing philosophy pushed by personalities like Grossman that cops aren't killing enough people and need to act more instinctively — to move beyond fear or reservation when taking a human life. That latter philosophy is taking hold even in jurisdictions with a history of police violence.
To the extent that the NRA has addressed any of this, it has been to disparage critics. A 2014 article in the organization's magazine, for example, mocked critics of police militarization, and cautioned against "a 'knee-jerk' reaction to every use of force situation caught on camera." And in this video, the NRA's Dom Raso, a former Navy SEAL, discusses the benefits of police militarization with a New Jersey SWAT commander, before the two roundly dismiss concerns about what effects militarization might have on police tactics and mindset.
To their credit, there are gun-rights advocates who have worried about these issues for years. They just aren't the NRA. (I should disclose here that generally speaking, I favor the right to own and carry a gun.) In one recent example, David French wrote about the police shooting of Andrew Scott at National Review:
Imagine you're up late one night. It's after midnight, and maybe you're finishing a movie. Or perhaps you're reading a book, and it's too good to put down. Or maybe you're like a young man named Andrew Scott: You're playing video games with your girlfriend.
You hear a loud pounding on your front door. You're not expecting anyone, and no one is shouting or yelling anything from the other side. Instead, the pounding continues, and the door rattles on its hinges. If this happened to me, living in a rural part of Tennessee, I'll tell you exactly what I'd do — I'd answer the door warily, with a gun at my side.
After all, my home is my castle. It's where my wife and kids are, and it's hard to imagine a situation where there's loud pounding, that late, that doesn't involve a degree of urgency. I have a constitutional and a human right, guaranteed under the Second Amendment, to defend my family, my life, and my home.
Unless, of course, the people pounding on the door are cops who 1) had no search warrant, 2) didn't turn on their emergency lights, 3) didn't identify themselves as police, 4) misunderstood a neighbor's directions, and 5) showed up at the wrong house, the house of a completely innocent man. Then, my right to defend myself turns into a right to die in two seconds flat, without firing a shot or even clambering a round.
That's the effective holding of a panel of the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals, a holding that the entire Circuit declined to review en banc just last week.
That ruling came just before the Supreme Court ruling in the Angel Mendez case. There, police officers illegally entered Mendez's private residence without knocking or announcing. When Mendez reached for a BB gun, the police opened fire, severely injuring Mendez and his wife. The court ruled that qualified immunity for police officers prevents Mendez and his wife from suing the officers for their injuries. (That's a rough summary of a complicated case — see the previous link for a more thorough discussion.) The ACLU, the NAACP and the conservative Rutherford Institute all submitted amicus briefs on behalf of Mendez. The NRA did not.
The only recent instance I can recall in which the NRA did oppose the wishes of law enforcement was when the group fought back against the Indiana legislature's attempt to overturn a (widely mischaracterized) Indiana Supreme Court ruling about the Castle Doctrine and home defense. (To their credit, they were right about that one.)
Because the NRA was active in denouncing the aggressive police tactics ATF was using against (mostly white) gun owners, and because the group has been silent when those same sorts of tactics are used against black people to serve drug warrants, some critics have accused the group of only favoring gun rights for white people. I think it's probably more complicated than that. The NRA, for example, was way out front in defending Shaneen Allen, a black woman facing some pretty serious prison time after an honest mistake put her in the grip of New Jersey's asinine gun and sentencing laws. In fact, they were defending her long before a few liberal groups finally came around. And many of the cases already mentioned above — during which the NRA stayed silent — involved white people.
A more accurate criticism might be that the NRA's allegiance to law enforcement has made the NRA indifferent to the ways that police tactics, use-of-force policy and police training violate the rights of gun owners (and those perceived to be carrying guns). And as with most bad criminal-justice policy, the laws, policies and training disproportionately violate the rights of blacks and Latinos — and the NRA is indifferent to that, too. The group does itself no favors when its figurehead spouts lazy, racist dog-whistles; when its aforementioned record of criticizing ATF goes silent when the agency's aggressive tactics are aimed at minority neighborhoods.
Its history of putting unapologetic bigots in its leadership doesn't help, either. Perhaps the best illustration of the problem is Ted Nugent, the NRA's celebrity, unabashedly bigoted board member. The grizzled rocker is regularly warning us of impending government tyranny, but then defends, for example, the killing of Eric Garner, or the South Carolina police officer who body-slammed a high school girl (by describing the girl as an "animal," no less).
I doubt you'd find many NRA members who would say the Second Amendment applies only to white people. But when you speak out only on gun issues that primarily affect white people, when you mostly stay silent when black gun owners are violated, when you provide a platform for a celebrity spokesman who openly spews racial slurs, and when you demagogue fear of crime by conjuring images of black people, you certainly can't blame black and Latino people for asking the question.
In short, the NRA seems to think we're at risk of creeping tyranny and abuse of power from all sectors of government except from the men and women armed, badged and entrusted with the power to kill. That's a problem, because if armed agents who enforce the laws on the ground aren't required to respect our rights, our rights don't really exist.
The Supreme Court could rule the NRA's way on the Castle Doctrine for the next 25 years, but if the police continue to kick down doors with impunity, law-abiding gun owners will be at risk, and the Second Amendment will be more of an empty gesture than a constitutional protection. The Supreme Court could rule the NRA's way on conceal carry for the next 25 years, but if the organization keeps pushing the line that cops are at war, that the populace is dangerous, and that every citizen is a possible threat, the right to carry a gun in public will always be constrained by cops conditioned to see every weapon as a threat to their existence.
Finally, the Supreme Court could rule the NRA's way and abolish all the state laws like those that ensnared Shaneen Allen, but as long as the NRA and its allies push rhetoric that makes white people (and white cops) see all crime with a black face, the right to bear arms for people who look like her — or who look like Philando Castile — exist only in theory.


Doesn't look so bad, I don't think. And it was tasty, although I didn't add eggs or grated cheese to the ricotta so it lacked body and consequently made for a soupy dish.
Then something happened that had never happened before.
Hoss said he didn't like it and didn't want it again.
In almost ten years, he's never spoken those words. Ever. He eats whatever I put in front of him. I mean, we're serious foodies - we try new foods, new spices, new techniques, we seek out new restaurants and holes in the wall dives, we speculate and identify and recreate and tweak new dishes, we love food and everything related to it. He even eats burned toast, for cryin' out loud.
Evidently, however, he does not appreciate soupy ricotta in his eggs.
From now on, this will be my go-to dish when I'm mad at him.


If you want a life you've never had, you'll have to do things you've never done before. You'll have to grow to be an evolved version of yourself that is putting yourself on that path.
There's nothing wrong with you being in your comfort zone. Your quality of life will stay consistent. If you stay there, your life will stay similar to how it is right now. If that's what you want, that's great.
But if that's not what you want, you'll need to do something; it won't happen automatically. You'll need to be courageous and take action that you're not used to.
Going outside your comfort zone can take many forms. It may be applying for a different job, moving to a place that has more opportunities, or going back to school. It can be as small as trying something new or as big as reaching out to someone for help. Change can be scary, but to improve your lifestyle, it's necessary.
The life you've always dreamed of is waiting for you just outside your comfort zone.


text:
"Special and Moving Cause to Be Grateful": Thanksgiving 1918
Ohio Memory November 23, 2018 Digital Collections, Middletown Historical Society, Sandusky Library/Follett House Museum, World War I in Ohio
The Armco Bulletin, published in November 1918, encourages gratitude for the war's end during the Thanksgiving season. Courtesy of the Middletown Historical Society via Ohio Memory.
The United States officially entered World War I on April 6, 1917. U.S. Navy ships reached Europe on April 9, and the first infantry troops arrived in June, when they began training for combat. By the war's end at 11:00 a.m. Paris time on November 11, 1918, more than two million American soldiers had served and 50,000 had perished. (An exhibit at London's Imperial War Museum interprets the moment the guns fell silent based on 1918 sound data used to triangulate the position of enemy artillery; read about the process and listen here.)
John F. Seiberling letter to Frank and Gertrude Seiberling, November 20, 1918. Via Ohio Memory.
Just a few days later, on November 16, Woodrow Wilson issued Proclamation 1496, designating Thursday, November 28, 1918, as a day of thanksgiving. Although the first "Thanksgiving" is thought to have been a feast shared between the Plymouth colonists and Wampanoag people in 1621, Thanksgiving did not become a national holiday until a proclamation by Abraham Lincoln in 1863, and was not fixed on the fourth Thursday in November until 1942. The 1918 Thanksgiving holiday provided, in Wilson's words, "special and moving cause to be grateful." U.S. soldiers and other personnel enjoyed Thanksgiving meals and the chance to write a letter to friends and family back home.
1918 Thanksgiving program of the 94thAero Squadron. The menu included roast pork, American peas and champagne. Via Ohio Memory.
John F. "Fred" Seiberling wrote to his mother Gertrude and father Frank, the founder of Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company (see above right). Fred had worked at Goodyear for a short time before joining the Ohio National Guard and, in 1917, becoming a lieutenant in the U.S. Army. Seiberling was stationed in Blois, France; in his letter he remembers the previous Thanksgiving (spent at Camp Sheridan in Alabama), expresses gratitude for his family and for the end of the war, and looks forward to seeing his wife and new son.
Private Earl Gorrell wrote a postcard to his sister on November 28, 1918, thanking her for a Thanksgiving care package and sending his love to his family. Earl and his brother Joe both served in the American Expeditionary Forces' Motor Transport Corps.
Meanwhile, "Somewhere in France," the members of the 94th Aero Squadron, 1st Pursuit Group enjoyed a Thanksgiving dinner, music, and dancing. The squadron, commanded by Ohioan Eddie Rickenbacker, was one of the first American squadrons to reach the Western Front, where its job included taking down enemy aircraft and escorting reconnaissance and bomb squadrons over enemy territory. Rickenbacker flew more combat hours than any other American pilot and survived 134 enemy encounters; the squadron was credited with the first and last official victories of the American Air Service.
Ralph Roesch letter to his sister Pearl, November 30, 1918. Courtesy of the Sandusky Library via Ohio Memory.
Private Ralph Roesch wrote a letter to his sister Pearl while stationed in Treviso, Italy. Roesch was part of the 332nd Infantry, which was also called the "Ohio Divison" or "Buckeye Division" because many of the soldiers were Ohioans. After training at Camp Sherman near Chillicothe, the 332nd was sent to France and then Italy, where it first saw combat in October 1918.
In his letter, Roesch talks about being reluctant to write home earlier for fear of worrying his family, but being willing to answer questions "being now it is all over with and everything is O.K." He also talks about sleeping in barns, churches, and ditches; crossing the Piave River; and being glad he was "riding a wheel" (Roesch was a bicycle orderly) as they pursued retreating Austrian soldiers. He describes his Thanksgiving dinner and his eagerness to go home.
Wherever you are, we at Ohio Memory wish you a safe and happy holiday!
Thank you to Stephanie Michaels, Research and Catalog Services Librarian at the State Library of Ohio, for this week's post!
Anniversaries Holidays Thanksgiving World War I
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text:
The Debates in the Federal Convention of 1787
by James Madison
WEDNESDAY AUGUST 29th, 1787 1 IN CONVENTION
Art: XVI. 2, 3, taken up.
Mr. WILLIAMSON moved to substitute in place of it, the words of the Articles of Confederation on the same subject. He did not understand precisely the meaning of the article.
Mr. WILSON & DOCr. JOHNSON supposed the meaning to be that Judgments in one State should be the ground of actions in other States, & that acts of the Legislatures should be included, for the sake of Acts of insolvency &c.
Mr. PINKNEY moved to commit art XVI, with the following proposition, "To establish uniform laws upon the subject of bankruptcies, and respecting the damages arising on the protest of foreign bills of exchange"
Mr. GHORUM was for agreeing to the article, and committing the proposition.
Mr. MADISON was for committing both. He wished the Legislature might be authorized to provide for the execution of Judgments in other States, under such regulations as might be expedient. He thought that this might be safely done, and was justified by the nature of the Union.
Mr. RANDOLPH said there was no instance of one nation executing judgments of the Courts of another nation. He moved the following proposition:
"Whenever the act of any State, whether Legislative, Executive or Judiciary shall be attested & exemplified under the seal thereof, such attestation and exemplification, shall be deemed in other States as full proof of the existence of that act — and its operation shall be binding in every other State, in all cases to which it may relate, and which are within the cognizance and jurisdiction of the State, wherein the said act was done."
On the question for committing Art: XVI. with Mr. Pinkney's motion
N. H. no. Mas. no. Ct. ay. N. J. ay. Pa. ay. Del. ay. Md. ay. Va. ay. N. C. ay. S. C. ay. Geo. ay. 4
The motion of Mr. Randolph was also committed nem: con:
Mr. GOVr. MORRIS moved to commit also the following proposition on the same subject.
"Full faith ought to be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State; and the Legislature shall by general laws, determine the proof and effect of such acts, records, and proceedings," and it was committed nem: contrad:
The committee appointed for these references, were Mr. Rutlidge, Mr. Randolph, Mr. Gorham, Mr. Wilson, & Mr. Johnson.
Mr. DICKENSON mentioned to the House that on examining Blackstone's Commentaries, he found that the terms, 5 "ex post facto" related to criminal cases only; that they would not consequently restrain the States from retrospective laws in civil cases, and that some further provision for this purpose would be requisite.
Art. VII Sect. 6 by ye. Committee of eleven reported to be struck out (see the 24 instant) being now taken up,
Mr. PINKNEY moved to postpone the Report in favor of the following proposition — "That no act of the Legislature for the purpose of regulating the commerce of the U- S. with foreign powers, or among the several States, shall be passed without the assent of two thirds of the members of each House." He remarked that there were five distinct commercial interests. 1. the fisheries & W. India trade, which belonged to the N. England States. 2. the interest of N. York lay in a free trade. 3. Wheat & flour the Staples of the two Middle States (N. J. & Penna.). 4 Tobo. the staple of Maryd. & Virginia & partly of N. Carolina. 5. Rice & Indigo, the staples of S. Carolina & Georgia. These different interests would be a source of oppressive regulations if no check to a bare majority should be provided. States pursue their interests with less scruple than individuals. The power of regulating commerce was a pure concession on the part of the S. States. They did not need the protection of the N. States at present.
Mr. MARTIN 2ded. the motion
Genl. PINKNEY said it was the true interest of the S. States to have no regulation of commerce; but considering the loss brought on the commerce of the Eastern States by the revolution, their liberal conduct towards the views *6 of South Carolina, and the interest the weak Southn. States had in being united with the strong Eastern States, he thought it proper that no fetters should be imposed on the power of making commercial regulations; and that his constituents though prejudiced against the Eastern States, would be reconciled to this liberality. He had himself, he said, prejudices agst. the Eastern States before he came here, but would acknowledge that he had found them as liberal and candid as any men whatever.
Mr. CLYMER. The diversity of commercial interests of necessity creates difficulties, which ought not to be increased by unnecessary restrictions. The Northern & middle States will be ruined, if not enabled to defend themselves against foreign regulations.
Mr. SHERMAN, alluding to Mr. Pinkney's enumeration of particular interests, as requiring a security agst. abuse of the power; observed that the diversity was of itself a security, adding that to require more than a majority to decide a question was always embarrassing as had been experienced in cases requiring the votes of nine States in Congress.
Mr. PINKNEY replied that his enumeration meant the five minute interests. It still left the two great divisions of Northern & Southern Interests.
Mr. GOVr. MORRIS, opposed the object of the motion as highly injurious. Preferences to American ships will multiply them, till they can carry the Southern produce cheaper than it is now carried. — A navy was essential to security, particularly of the S. States, and can only be had by a navigation act encouraging American bottoms & seamen. In those points of view then alone, itis the interest of the S. States that navigation acts should be facilitated. Shipping he said was the worst & most precarious kind of property, and stood in need of public patronage.
Mr. WILLIAMSON was in favor of making two thirds instead of a majority requisite, as more satisfactory to the Southern people. No useful measure he believed had been lost in Congress for want of nine votes. As to the weakness of the Southern States, he was not alarmed on that account. The sickliness of their climate for invaders would prevent their being made an object. He acknowledged that he did not think the motion requiring 2/3 necessary in itself, because if a majority of 7 Northern States should push their regulations too far, the S. States would build ships for themselves: but he knew the Southern people were apprehensive on this subject and would be pleased with the precaution.
Mr. SPAIGHT was against the motion. The Southern States could at any time save themselves from oppression, by building ships for their own use.
Mr. BUTLER differed from those who considered the rejection of the motion as no concession on the part of the S. States. He considered the interests of these and of the Eastern States, to be as different as the interests of Russia and Turkey. Being notwith-standing desirous of conciliating the affections of the East: States. he should vote agst. requiring 2/3 instead of a majority.
Col. MASON. If the Govt. is to be lasting, it must be founded in the confidence & affections of the people, and must be so constructed as to obtain these. The Majority will be governed by their interests. The Southern States are the minority in both Houses. Is it to be expected that they will deliver themselves bound hand & foot to the Eastern States, and enable them to exclaim, in the words of Cromwell on a certain occasion — "the lord hath delivered them into our hands.
Mr. WILSON took notice of the several objections and remarked that if every peculiar interest was to be secured, unanimity ought to be required. The majority he said would be no more governed by interest than the minority. It was surely better to let the latter be bound hand and foot than the former. Great inconveniences had, he contended, been experienced in Congress from the article of confederation requiring nine votes in certain cases.
Mr. MADISON, went into a pretty full view of the subject. He observed that the disadvantage to the S. States from a navigation act, lay chiefly in a temporary rise of freight, attended however with an increase of Southn. as well as Northern Shipping — with the emigration of Northern Seamen & merchants to the Southern States — & with a removal of the existing & injurious retaliations among the States on each other. The power of foreign nations to obstruct our retaliating measures on them by a corrupt influence would also be less if a majority shd. be made competent than if 2/3 of each House shd. be required to Legislative acts in this case. An abuse of the power would be qualified with all these good effects. But he thought an abuse was rendered improbable by the provision of 2 branches — by the independence of the Senate, by the negative of the Executive, by the interest of Connecticut & N: Jersey which were agricultural, not commercial States; by the interior interest which was also agricultural in the most commercial States, 8 by the accession of Western States which wd. be altogether agricultural. He added that the Southern States would derive an essential advantage in the general security afforded by the increase of our maritime strength. He stated the vulnerable situation of them all, and of Virginia in particular. The increase of the coasting trade, and of seamen, would also be favorable to the S. States, by increasing, the consumption of their produce. If the Wealth of the Eastern should in a still greater proportion be augmented, that wealth wd. contribute the more to the public wants, and be otherwise a national benefit.
Mr. RUTLIDGE was agst. the motion of his colleague. It did not follow from a grant of the power to regulate trade, that it would be abused. At the worst a navigation act could bear hard a little while only on the S. States. As we are laying the foundation for a great empire, we ought to take a permanent view of the subject and not look at the present moment only. He reminded the House of the necessity of securing the West India trade to this country. That was the great object, and a navigation Act was necessary for obtaining it.
Mr. RANDOLPH said that there were features so odious in the constitution as it now stands, that he doubted whether he should be able to agree to it. A rejection of the motion would compleat the deformity of the system. He took notice of the argument in favor of giving the power over trade to a majority, drawn from the opportunity foreign powers would have of obstructing retaliating 9 measures, if two thirds were made requisite. He did not think there was weight in that consideration. The difference between a majority & two thirds did not afford room for such an opportunity. Foreign influence would also be more likely to be exerted on the President who could require three fourths by his negative. He did not mean however to enter into the merits. What he had in view was merely to pave the way for a declaration which he might be hereafter obliged to make if an accumulation of obnoxious ingredients should take place, that he could not give his assent to the plan.
Mr. GORHAM. If the Government is to be so fettered as to be unable to relieve the Eastern States what motive can they have to join in it, and thereby tie their own hands from measures which they could otherwise take for themselves. The Eastern States were not led to strengthen the Union by fear for their own safety. He deprecated the consequences of disunion, but if it should take place it was the Southern part of the Continent that had the 10 most reason to dread them. He urged the improbability of a combination against the interest of the Southern States, the different situations of the Northern & Middle States being a security against it. It was moreover certain that foreign ships would never be altogether excluded especially those of Nations in treaty with us.
On the question to pospone in order to take up Mr. Pinkney's Motion
N. H. no. Mas. no. Ct. no. N. J. no. Pa. no. Del. no. Md. ay. Va. ay. N. C. ay. S. C. no. Geo. ay. 11
The Report of the Committee for striking out sect: 6. requiring two thirds of each House to pass a navigation act was then agreed to, nem: con:
Mr. BUTLER moved to insert after art: XV. "If any person bound to service or labor in any of the U. States shall escape into another State, he or she shall not be discharged from such service or labor, in consequence of any regulations subsisting in the State to which they escape, but shall be delivered up to the person justly claiming their service or labor," which was agreed to nem: con:
Art: XVII 12 being 13 taken up, Mr. GOVr. MORRIS moved to strike out the two last sentences, to wit "If the admission be consented to, the new States shall be admitted on the same terms with the original States. But the Legislature may make conditions with the new States, concerning the public debt, which shall be then subsisting." — He did not wish to bind down the Legislature to admit Western States on the terms here stated.
Mr. MADISON opposed the motion, insisting that the Western States neither would nor ought to submit to a union which degraded them from an equal rank with 17 other States.
Col: MASON. If it were possible by just means to prevent emigrations to the Western Country, it might be good policy. But go the people will as they find it for their interest, and the best policy is to treat them with that equality which will make them friends not enemies.
Mr. GOVr. MORRIS, did not mean to discourage the growth of the Western Country. He knew that to be impossible. He did not wish however to throw the power into their hands.
Mr. SHERMAN, was agst. the motion, & for fixing an equality of privileges by the Constitution.
Mr. LANGDON was in favor of the Motion, he did not know but circumstances might arise which would render it inconvenient to admit new States on terms of equality.
Mr. WILLIAMSON was for leaving the Legislature free. The existing small States enjoy an equality now, and for that reason are admitted to it in the Senate. This reason is not applicable to new Western States.
On Mr. Govr. Morris's motion for striking out.
N. H. ay. Mas. ay. Ct. ay. N. J. ay. Pa. ay. Del. ay. Md. no. Va. no. N. C. ay. S. C. ay. Geo. ay. 14
Mr. L. MARTIN & Mr. GOVr. MORRIS moved to strike out of art XVII. "but to such admission the consent of two thirds of the members present shall be necessary." Before any question was taken on this motion,
Mr. GOVr. MORRIS moved the following proposition as a substitute for the XVII art:
"New States may be admitted by the Legislature into this Union: but no new State shall be erected within the limits of any of the present States, without the consent of the Legislature of such State, as well as of the Genl. Legislature"
The first part to Union inclusive was agreed to nem: con:
Mr. L. MARTIN opposed the latter part. Nothing he said would so alarm the limited States as to make the consent of the large States claiming the Western lands, necessary to the establishment of new States within their limits. It is proposed to guarantee the States. Shall Vermont be reduced by force in favor of the States claiming it? Frankland & the Western country of Virginia were in a like situation.
On Mr. Govr. Morris's motion to substitute &c it was agreed to.
N. H. no. Mas. ay. Ct. no. N. J. no. Pa. ay. Del. no. Md. no. Va. ay. N. C. ay. S. C. ay. Geo. ay. 15
Art: XVII — 16 before the House, as amended.
Mr. SHERMAN was against it. He thought it unnecessary. The Union can not dismember a State without its consent.
Mr. LANGDON thought there was great weight in the argument of Mr. Luther Martin, and that the proposition substituted by Mr. Govr. Morris would excite a dangerous opposition to the plan.
Mr. GOVr. MORRIS thought on the contrary that the small States would be pleased with the regulation, as it holds up the idea of dismembering the large States.
Mr. BUTLER. If new States were to be erected without the consent of the dismembered States, nothing but confusion would ensue. Whenever taxes should press on the people, demagogues would set up their schemes of new States.
DOCr. JOHNSON agreed in general with the ideas of Mr. Sherman, but was afraid that as the clause stood, Vermont would be subjected to N. York, contrary to the faith pledged by Congress. He was of opinion that Vermont ought to be compelled to come into the Union.
Mr. LANGDON said his objections were connected with the case of Vermont. If they are not taken in, & remain exempt from taxes, it would prove of great injury to N. Hampshire and the other neighbouring States
Mr. DICKINSON hoped the article would not be agreed to. He dwelt on the impropriety of requiring the small States to secure the large ones in their extensive claims of territory.
Mr. WILSON. When the majority of a State wish to divide they can do so. The aim of those in opposition to the article, he perceived, was that the Genl. Government should abet the minority, & by that means divide a State against its own consent.
Mr. GOVr. MORRIS. If the forced division of States is the object of the new System, and is to be pointed agst. one or two States, he expected, the Gentleman 17 from these would pretty quickly leave us.
Adjourned
1. The year "1787" is omitted in the transcript.
2. See ante.
3. The word "being" is here inserted in the transcript.
4. In the transcript the vote reads: "Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, aye — 9; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, no — 2."
5. The transcript uses the word "terms" in the singular.
*6. He meant the permission to import slaves. An understanding on the two subjects of navigation and slavery, had taken place between those parts of the Union, which explains the vote on the motion depending, as well as the language of Genl Pinkney & others.
7. The word "the" is here inserted in the transcript.
8. The word "and" here inserted in the transcript.
9. The word "retaliatory" is substituted in the transcript for "retaliating."
10. The word "the" is omitted in the transcript.
11. In the transcript the vote reads: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, aye — 4; New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, South Carolina, no — 7."
12. See p. — .
13. The word "then" is here inserted in the transcript.
14. In the transcript the vote reads: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, no — 5."
15. In the transcript the vote reads: "Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, aye — 6; New Hampshire, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, no — 5."
16. The word "being" is here inserted in the transcript.
17. The transcript uses the word "Gentleman" in the plural.
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Whether we like it or not, our lives in the modern world are pretty much ruled by computers. Every part of our routine seems to involve the internet in some way and the working world has been completely transformed since it went online.
That said, it is not surprising that a huge amount of power – and billions of pounds in electricity bills – is used up every single day. There have been numerous schemes aimed at educating office workers on the benefits of turning their machine off when it is not being used, but with such busy schedules, it's inevitable that this will occasionally slip our minds.
However, eco-friendly manufacturer Energenie has come up with a new solution that could see you with a few extra pennies in your wallet and a computer with an extended shelf life.
This is where the firm's Automatic Standby Lead comes in. This clever little device is simply connected to a normal plug socket, but has a function that means it will automatically detect when the appliance being used with is set to standby. It will then turn off the plug at the mains without command.
In fact, the lead can be used with any piece of electrical equipment, so whether it be a laptop, a home stereo or a television, you could be saving cash and reducing your energy consumption on them all by investing in this little beauty.
The lead is now available in a longer version, measured at 1.45 metres and it comes as part of a huge range of energy-saving solutions that can be found on the Energenie website. What's more, it is available for a modest price of just £9.99.


text:
Home Business Coca-Cola in Talks to Make the Next CBD-Infused Beverage
Coca-Cola in Talks to Make the Next CBD-Infused Beverage
The Coca-Cola Company is in "serious talks" with Aurora Cannabis to develop a CBD-infused beverage, according to a report from BNN Bloomberg Television. The news sent shares of Canadian marijuana producer Aurora Cannabis up as much as 23 percent to $8 in early trading on Monday. The stock had settled to a gain of about 14 percent by noon Eastern time.
Coca-Cola, the world's largest beverage maker, and Aurora Cannabis are "pretty advanced down the path" of coming to an agreement, according to an unnamed source familiar with the negotiations between the two companies.
"It's going to be more of the 'recovery drink' category," the source added.
The source also said that talks between the two companies are ongoing but are not certain to succeed. Even if they are successful, any deal reached may not be made public, according to the source.
Another source told BNN Bloomberg that Coca-Cola also held preliminary talks with Aphria, another Canadian cannabis producer, but that the negotiations had not advanced.
Companies Decline to Comment on Deal
Coca-Cola spokesperson Kent Landers declined to comment on Aurora Cannabis directly. But he did say in an email to BNN Bloomberg that "along with many others in the beverage industry, we are closely watching the growth of non-psychoactive CBD as an ingredient in functional wellness beverages around the world. The space is evolving quickly. No decisions have been made at this time."
Heather MacGregor, a spokesperson for Aurora Cannabis, also declined to comment on a potential deal with Coca-Cola. However, she did confirm that the company is interested in pursuing opportunities in the CBD beverage market.
"As a rule, we do not discuss business development initiatives until they are finalized, however, we have a responsibility to our shareholders to give proper consideration to all relevant opportunities that are presented," MacGregor said.
Martin Landry, managing director of equity research at GMP Securities LP, told BNN Bloomberg that many consumer packaged goods (CPG) companies were looking to enter the CBD market and that the impending legalization of cannabis in Canada presented an opportunity to do so. The recreational use and sale of cannabis products will become legal in Canada this October under Bill C-45, which was passed by Parliament this summer.
"If I'm a big CPG company, the reason I'd want to partner with a cannabis producer is to use them as a test market to develop products here in Canada and perfect them, so then I can enter the U.S. down the road when it's more appropriate to do so," Landry said.
Landry also noted that large corporations in other product sectors were also eyeing cannabis and CBD as a promising business opportunity.
"There's a lot of interest from [consumer-packaged goods], and liquor and tobacco [companies] to look at cannabis as a new growth vector," said Landry.
Landry also said that he expects even more opportunity as the newly legal marijuana industry matures.
"What's happening is that the cannabis industry is still in its infancy and there's not a lot of partners to dance with," he said.
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Every time that Facebook changes their news feed (and the algorithm that feeds it), Facebook changes.
Some of those changes are for the good. Some of them make Facebook (somewhat) unusable for many users. Their most recent shift in the news feed was a big one. In what seems like the right play for the online social network, they wanted to throttle back on content from publishers and brands in the organic feed and amp up content from friends and family. With that, they also want to amplify the content from friends and family that is experiencing the most social interaction (the clarity of what this means is not finite. It could be likes and share, it could be comments and interactions between connections). We don't know the exact secret sauce here, and by the sounds of things, it's unclear what, exactly, Facebook means by these definitions as well. That's not be cynical of the social media platform, that is based on how Adam Mosseri, Facebook's head of News Feed, describes the past, current and possible future state of the news feed at the Code Media event that is currently underway.
This is an important watch: Facebook's head of news partnerships & head of News Feed live from Code Media.
What does Facebook really want? Does it want advertising dollars? Does it want our personal data and interactions? Does it want to connect the world because of altruistic beliefs? Let's cut through the parlance and PR spin: Facebook is a business. Facebook provides its services for free to consumers. The consumer's data is the product (or, you are the product). The advertising (and enterprise solutions) is how Facebook makes it money. There's nothing wrong with this business model, so long as everyone engaged in it is clear in what the intentions are and that consent is given.
It is the consent that makes things difficult.
Sure, everything is laid out in the terms of service on Facebook. Sure, nobody should engage in Facebook without reading and understanding the terms of service. Sure, Facebook should not be held accountable if people don't read (or understand) their terms of service. Still, it's also easy to argue the other side of this: Consumers are not that media and technology literate. Consumers are very unclear what kind of data is being stored, used and sold to the highest bidder. Consumers are not great with the "fine print." And, ultimately, it's a free service… so whatevs, right?
What do you really think of the new news feed. Is it good from a user perspective? Is it good from a brand perspective?
Personally, I am spending more time than ever on Facebook. If we're connected, you might think the opposite. The bulk of my time on Facebook is currently being spent in private groups. This is not me thumbing my nose to public posts. This is not me trying to sound self-important. I have been fortunate to find several tribes that speak directly to my area of interest (from professional speaking and non-fiction writing to podcasting, marketing agency leadership and middle-aged people discussing eighties rock). I've never derived as much value from Facebook as I have in the past five years. With that, the current changes to the news feed have choked it down into a place where it feels like I am only seeing a handful of posts from a handful of people, and the content tends to not refresh but repeat itself through the week. In short, the new algorithm has made Facebook's news feed very bland and boring.
How can Facebook find the right balance?
Mr. Zuckerberg… tear down that algorithm!
Personally, I would pay Netflix-like monthly fees (let's call it $10 – $20 per month) to have a pure and untouched access to my news feed (and, take it easy on the infomercial-like advertising, while I'm paying for it). This means that whoever (friend, family, brand) that I have "liked" or "followed" should be shown to me in the order that it has been posted… no matter what they post. Open up the entire feed, kill the algorithm and let it flow, baby!
Why pay for the firehose?
Whether it's an issue of fake news or throttling content in attempts to create a better user experience, Facebook is working under the supposition that we – the consumers – have no idea what's good for us. While that may be true for a segment of the population, there probably is another (larger) segment that understands the implications of "like"-ing and following a person or a brand. Give the user the power to mute, unfriend, unfollow or delete the content that they're no longer interested in. What makes this most interesting, is that none of this requires any kind of algorithm. It probably requires them to simply remove the algorithm.
Instead of trying to make the algorithm smarter, why not just empower your users to be smarter?


Eager listeners crowded into the school hall in the Swiss lakeside village of Meilen, near Zurich, to hear politicians and bankers do battle over the survival of an institution that is as Swiss as the Matterhorn - bank secrecy.
In hundreds of meetings like this throughout the nation, the Swiss people have been preparing to vote next weekend (May 20) on whether their famous bank secrecy should be weakened substantially to allow foreign governments access to the Alpine nest eggs of delinquent citizens.
The referendum, backed by Social Democrats, church organizations, unions, and third-world organizations, is aimed at stopping the billions in flight capital that pour into Switzerland.
At present, Switzerland does not give legal assistance on currency regulation or tax avoidance, except where fraud is involved. A ''yes'' on Sunday would change all this, except in cases where bank customers faced possible political or racial persecution at home.
Fifty years ago, to protect Jewish clients from Nazi snooping, Switzerland made breaking bank secrecy a crime punishable by up to six months in jail or a maximum $22,000 fine. Even a bank employee who gives out information through carelessness faces criminal proceedings. This makes Swiss bank secrecy the toughest to penetrate, apart from tiny neighboring Liechtenstein, in the world.
Although it is the Mafia and third-world dictators who have given Swiss bank secrecy a bad name, ''ordinary'' tax dodgers find the tight-lipped Swiss equally useful. French customs officials constantly battle against citizens' fondness for a Geneva bank vault by tapping telephones, opening mail, and badgering people at border crossings. This month the Swiss government protested their sniffing around on Swiss territory.
The chief executive officer of the country's biggest financial institution, Union Bank of Switzerland, sits on a lion's share of the $300 billion in foreign funds that is said to be managed by Swiss banks. No one knows the actual figure, because the banks are just as secretive on that as they are on the names of their clients.
Third-world organizations claim that some $50 billion is flight capital from developing countries. ''Ridiculous,'' cry the angry bankers. But one of them recently admitted to possibly a modest $5 billion.
''A country poor in natural resources needs a strong financial center for industrial existence,'' exclaimed industrialist Christoph Blocher.
Bankers have warned that a ''yes'' by the voters will lead to a massive outflow of funds, causing interest rates to skyrocket, unemployment, and a collapse of stock exchange prices.
They claim to have done enough against flight capital through a recent gentleman's agreement that forbids the encouragement of flight capital and makes the full identification of customers obligatory.
Already more flight capital is going into the United States than into Switzerland, Mr. Senn claims. Stop it from going to Switzerland, he says, and more will just flow into New York, London, Singapore, Luxembourg, and Liechtenstein.
The Swiss voters' dilemma: Even if they should vote ''yes,'' can they economically afford to do so?