Due to changes in the curriculum from the NRA, we will no longer be offiering this course. We do not agree with the idea of having new shooters learning on the internet instead of with a competent, qualified instructor, and as such we will no longer provide this course as an option in our training catalog.
More Details: This course is at least 8-hours long and includes classroom and range time learning to shoot revolvers and semi-automatic pistols. Students learn NRA's rules for safe gun handling; pistol parts and operation; ammunition; shooting fundamentals; range rules; shooting from the bench rest position, and two handed standing positions; cleaning the pistol; and continued opportunities for skill development. Students will receive the NRA Guide to the Basics of Pistol Shooting handbook, NRA Gun Safety Rules brochure, Winchester/NRA Marksmanship Qualification booklet, take a Basics of Pistol Shooting Student Examination, course completion wallet certificate, and course completion certificate.
Student will also receive personal one-on-one instruction with certified instructor to demonstrate their abilities in safely and proficiently operating a handgun. Video of personalized instruction is available upon request, additional instructor-specific resources, range time, ammunition, and use of firearm is all included in the price of the course.
Pizza will be provided for the students for lunch, or each participant may bring their own lunch.
Class Limit: Strict Limit of slots available. This is to ensure that each student can spend ample time with the instructor in a one-on-one basis as well provide sufficient time for questions and answers. We want you to retain what you learn, not be one of a dozen students.
More Details: This is an eight-hour course. Students should expect to shoot approximately 100 rounds of ammunition. Students will learn basic defensive shooting skills, strategies for home safety and responding to a violent confrontation, firearms and the law, how to choose a handgun for self-defense, and continued opportunities for skill development. Students will receive the NRA Guide to the Basics of Personal Protection In The Home handbook, NRA Gun Safety Rules brochure, the Winchester/NRA Marksmanship Qualification booklet, and course completion certificate.
Make an investment in yourself by registering for this class. This will be a fun class where you will increase your level of confidence and understanding regarding the operations of a handgun.
If you have any questions regarding this course, please feel free to Contact Richard directly.


I'm writing this from a suite in the beautiful Mission Point Resort, typing with one eye toward a clear view of the lake through the French doors. (The life of a magazine editor can be truly tough at times).
My visit here is my first ever to the island (ridiculous, given that I grew up in Michigan), and it was precipitated by an invitation from the resort. Mission Point was sold at the end of last year to Dennert Ware, a Texas businessman with Michigan roots, and the staff at Mission Point is clearly excited by the changes the new ownership is bringing.
MIM+E's upcoming issue will give the details of the improvements and changes, both under way and upcoming, to the resort. (Suffice to say, they range from simple changes like painting the walls brighter colors to major efforts like adding a spa and totally reimagining buildings like the activities center.) For now, I'll offer my impression of the property.
The new ownership seems to be coming at the right time for Mission Point. General Manager Bradley McCallum arrived at the resort three years ago from the Westin Book Cadillac and has been steadily steering it toward a revitalized position. McCallum is calm, gracious and congenial, but he's also highly alert to small matters happening around him and gives the impression of someone with high expectations of others. In other words, he has the personality one would want in resort general manager. The Wares have said publicly they plan to keep him on board, which is a good move.
When I arrived at Mission Point, it was clear that most of the staff was unaware that I was a member of the media, and so treated me as they would any guest. To a one, they were great. All my questions were answered promptly and politely, concerns were resolved immediately. I tend to be persnickety about customer service, and large properties, by sheer size of their staff, often stumble on this front. Mission Point did not, and that meant a lot.
The property itself, like much of the island, holds a lot of appeal for anyone with an interest in U.S. history. It abuts the 1825 Mission House, now on the National Registry of Historic Sites, and the history of the hotel itself includes its genesis as a conference center for the peace-loving Moral Re-Armament, a few-year stint as a college and its selection as the site for the filming of "Somewhere in Time" on its sound stage.
Of course, those interesting historical details are just a pleasant diversion, not a reason in themselves to choose Mission Point. For that, you can look to the gorgeous views from its front lawn, the beautiful grounds designed by new staff horticulturist John Van Etten, the dedication of the resort staff and the many upgrades to come.


Feel free to drop us a note if you have any comments. Thank you!
Enter this Episode and Eye Each Educational Letter E word Effortlessly. The nursery song today is Pat-A-Cake, also known as Patty Cake.
Learn the alphabet with Olive and the Rhyme Rescue Crew. Created by the Emmy Award-winning Peach Blossom Media, and head-writer of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, Leslie Valdes, this unique series teaches the alphabet using your favourite nursery rhymes. Every episode is designed to engage and enrich your young audience, teaching them interesting and useful vocabulary through song and dance.Created by the Emmy Award-winning Peach Blossom Media, and head-writer of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, Leslie Valdes, this unique series teaches the alphabet using your favourite nursery rhymes.
Fables from around the world are brought to life using characters created from different shapes! This preschool TV series retells beloved children's stories from Aesop's Fables to Australian Aborigines folktales using colourful shapes that cleverly forms animals like rabbits, cats and even fish!
Winner of the iParenting Award, this is a wholesome series for kids four and above. It is the story of Taoshu, a bright young boy who lived in ancient China.
Animated in a colourful unique style reminiscent of the traditional paper-cutout folk art of Yunnan, this series is full of gentle humour and teaches kids universal values like kindness, responsibility and love for nature.
Olive and her Rhyme Rescue Crew go on an adventure, learning the alphabet and singing nursery songs. Created by the Emmy Award-winning Peach Blossom Media, and headwriter of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, Leslie Valdes, this unique series teaches the alphabet using your favourite nursery rhymes. Ideal for preschoolers and kids learning English. Every episode is designed to engage and enrich your young audience, teaching them interesting and useful vocabulary through song and dance.
Winner of the iParenting Award, this is a wholesome series for kids four and above. It is the story of Taoshu, a bright young boy who lived in ancient China. Animated in a colourful unique style reminiscent of the traditional paper-cutout folk art of Yunnan, this series is full of gentle humour and teaches kids universal values like kindness, responsibility and love for nature.
Feel free to drop us a note if you have any questions or comments.
Understand ABC Utilizing Unbelievably Unique Unicorns!
Also, sing "Rub-a-Dub-Dub, Three Men in a Tub"
Feel free to drop us a comment. Thanks!
Today's nursery rhyme is "Pop Goes The Weasel". What? When? Where? Why? It's Letter W Woohoo! Olive and her Rhyme Rescue Crew go on an adventure, learning ABCs and singing nursery songs. Created by the Emmy Award-winning Peach Blossom Media, and headwriter of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, Leslie Valdes, this unique series teaches the alphabet using your favourite nursery rhymes. Ideal for preschoolers and kids learning English. Every episode is designed to engage and enrich your young audience, teaching them interesting and useful vocabulary through song and dance.
Today's nursery rhyme is Hickory Dickory Dock, in which the mouse ran up the clock.
Learn the alphabet through sing-along nursery rhymes. Created by the Emmy Award-winning Peach Blossom Media, and headwriter of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, Leslie Valdes, this unique series teaches the alphabet using your favourite nursery rhymes. Every episode is designed to engage and enrich your young audience, teaching them interesting and useful vocabulary through song and dance.
Fables from around the world are brought to life using characters created from different shapes! This preschool TV series tells retells beloved children's stories from Aesop's Fables to Australian Aborigines folktales using colourful shapes that cleverly forms animals like rabbits, cats and even fish! Created by multi-award-winning animation studio Peach Blossom Media, each episode of this charming series entertains and teaches preschoolers about universal values of love, respect, courage and kindness.


My husband literally texted me today saying this journey was going to be an exercise in mental strength! So true!
Any chance you can add my blog to your blogroll?
Love this! I think there's a wave of mental empowerment going through the TSW community and I think it's great! No more wallowing, more positive thinking and looking forward! And more exclamation points!!
I definitely needed this, going through some harsh times in terms of study and relationships because of TSW!


text:
Knowledge and awareness of the general public and perception of pharmacists about antibiotic resistance
Thuy Mason1,
Claire Trochez1,
Remmya Thomas1,
Maria Babar1,
Iman Hesso1 &
Reem Kayyali ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-87381
Antibiotic resistance (AR) continues to be a serious problem. Many factors contribute to AR, including inappropriate use of antibiotics, in which both healthcare professionals and patients play a contributing role. This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of antibiotic usage and AR among the general public (in affluent and deprived areas) and community pharmacists' (CPs') in Greater London.
A cross-sectional survey involving members of the public was conducted between July 2014 and February 2015. Stage one involved members of the public (N = 384) residing in affluent areas of London. The second stage targeted public (N = 384) in deprived areas of London. In addition, CPs (N = 240) across the same areas were also surveyed. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS Software packages.
Response rate: 36% (n = 139/384) and 57% (n = 220/384) and 25% (n = 60/240) of public residing in affluent areas, deprived areas and of CPs respectively was achieved. Definitive trends in knowledge of how antibiotics work could not be drawn to distinguish between affluent and deprived areas. However, public respondents residing in affluent areas possessed better understanding of AR and prudent use of antibiotics, and this was statistically significant in both cases (p < 0.05). Exposure to an antibiotic campaign (32% in affluent areas, 17% in deprived areas) did not raise public respondents' knowledge on AR and only partially raised their general knowledge on antibiotics usage. Only 20% of public residing in deprived areas received counselling from a CP, among them 74% had an antibiotic prescribed on at least one previous occasion. Those who received counselling displayed better knowledge about concordance/adherence with respect to antibiotic usage (p < 0.05) whereas exposure to an antibiotic campaign made no significant impact on knowledge about concordance/adherence.
The study highlights that there has been no change in the status quo with respect to awareness of antibiotic usage and AR even after the implementation of several awareness campaigns in England. Those who benefited from CP counselling showed a significant better knowledge towards prudent antibiotic usage which stresses the importance of CPs' counselling on antibiotic prescription.
Alexander Fleming, the man who discovered penicillin in 1928, and who subsequently received his Nobel Prize in 1945 for this work, predicted in his then winning speech that the world would one day be facing antibiotic resistance (AR) [1,2,3,4,5]. Indeed his prediction has now become a reality [2], as the whole world is heading towards a "post-antibiotic era" [6].
Several factors play a contributing role in the development of AR. While inappropriate use of antibiotics has been identified as the main cause behind AR [7, 8]; there are still other causes for it including the use of antibiotics in the food production industry and in animals' health making them key reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria [9, 10].
Both healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients are responsible for AR; there is a direct correlation between use and overuse of antibiotics and the emergence of AR [7, 11, 12]. In the case of HCPs, it is most likely due to inappropriate prescribing. In the case of patients, it is most likely because of overusing or not taking a full course of treatment; or self-medication by sharing medication with other people, or keeping part of the course for another occasion or acquisition from pharmacies without a prescription [8, 13]. Therefore, ensuring appropriate use of antibiotics is crucial to enable resistance to be reduced [8, 14]. In Europe, the tremendous burden of AR was estimated to be €1.5 billion annually incorporating healthcare costs and productivity losses [15,16,17,18]. In the UK, more than 40 million prescriptions are issued for antibiotics every year, costing the National Health Service (NHS) £192 m [19). In return, another research within the UK highlighted that 1 in 4 antibiotic prescriptions are unnecessarily prescribed, equating to a total of 10 million unnecessary prescriptions each year [19].
The threat of AR is increasing at an alarming rate [14], making simple infections untreatable or routine medical procedures almost impossible in the near future [20]. The magnitude of the threat of AR has been reported to be comparable to that of climate change [21]. AR has been widely acknowledged as a global public health issue and a global challenge [6, 9, 12, 14, 19], that leads to increased healthcare costs, rise in new adverse reactions to antibiotics and increased mortality [6, 8]. Estimates indicate an average death toll of 25,000 people each year in Europe due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria [16,17,18, 21]. This highlights the need for an urgent response from every corner of the globe to strengthen measures to combat AR [21,22,23].
AR would not be such a great concern if there were a continuous supply of new novel antibiotics. Since pharmaceutical companies have not been forthcoming with development of any new antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action in recent years [24,25,26,27], efforts have been made to reduce the rate and stem the extent of AR by raising awareness in the community at large and targeting the public specifically.
Global collaboration to encourage the prudent use of antibiotics and raise awareness of AR has been promoted through awareness-raising activities/ campaigns in Australia, USA,Canada and most European countries [14, 28]. In 1999, the Department of Health in England had attempted to invest in campaigns like 'Andybiotic – Don't wear me out' [29] in which the awareness was raised. A survey conducted in 2003 revealed that awareness of the campaign was low and 43% (p < 0.0005) of the people still believed that antibiotics work on viruses [30]. Campaigns such as the European Antibiotic Awareness Day (EAAD) introduced in 2008, focused on educating the general public about AR and promoting the sensible use of antibiotics as well as taking measures to reduce the risk of infections e.g. maintaining good hygiene [28]. The campaign also encouraged prescribers to prescribe wisely, providing tools like a checklist that can be used to optimise antibiotic prescribing [31]. McNulty et al. [32] compared attitudes towards antibiotics usage of members of the public before (n = 1888) and after (n = 1830) the EAAD campaign to evaluate its success. No improvement was seen in the respondents' understanding of correct antibiotics usage. Furthermore, the results detected a significant rise in the number of respondents keeping leftover antibiotics and thus casting doubt over the evidence that the campaign was effective [32].
This demonstrates the fact that one campaign at a point in time does not sufficiently promote the awareness amongst the general public. There is a need for continual public awareness campaigns covering large percentages of the public. As part of the EAAD, in September 2014, the Antibiotic Guardian Campaign was launched in England where all members of the society, including HCPs are asked to make a pledge that encourages the individual to take on measures that combat antimicrobial resistance [33].
HCPs such as community pharmacists (CPs) are in the best position to help in reducing AR due to their level of antibiotic knowledge and accessibility to the community [34, 35]. This can be done by providing counselling to patients about antibiotics prescriptions, particularly dosage intervals, side effects and interactions with other medications or food, given that 80% of antibiotics are prescribed in primary care [29, 36]. In England, CPs are expected to provide counselling about medications as part of their contractual framework through essential services such as dispensing to ensure patients' safe use of their medicines [37]. In addition, the minor ailment scheme in England has been commissioned through CPs as part of their contractual framework as an enhanced service to aid general practitioners (GPs) with winter pressures [38]. The scheme has been introduced so that CPs can provide advice and support about the management of minor ailments including coughs, colds, sore throats and earaches [39], through which antibiotics can be potentially prescribed unnecessarily, without the need to visit the GP practice [39].
This study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of antibiotic usage and AR among the general public and to assess CPs' knowledge about AR in London. The study was conducted among public residing in affluent and deprived areas, with a hypothesis that such a socio-demographic factor can be related to awareness and knowledge of AR, with public in affluent areas having more awareness and knowledge of AR, since the incidence of infectious diseases tends to be higher in groups with lower socioeconomic status and outcomes tend to be poorer [40].
This is a cross-sectional survey study that was conducted in two stages. Stage one involved members of the public in affluent areas, whereas stage two involved members of the public in deprived areas, in addition to CPs in both affluent and deprived areas.
Members of the public were approached in person by two researchers in affluent public areas of London (Wimbledon, Richmond and Kingston upon Thames), and another two researchers in deprived public areas or in areas with diverse ethnicities (Hackney, Waltham Forest, City of Westminster, Haringey, Newham, Islington, Enfield). Affluent and deprived areas were determined based on the latest published index of multiple deprivations (IMD) score [41] and were chosen due to convenience based on proximity to the researchers but the distribution of the questionnaires was randomized.
A sample size of 384 members of the public in affluent areas and 384 in deprived areas were approached at random in public places and handed the questionnaire. The total adult population in the included boroughs was 327,078 and 1,196,845 for affluent and deprived areas respectively. The sample size calculation was done using Raosoft sample size calculator [42] providing a confidence level of 95% with margin of error of 5%, which indicated the need to approach 384 in affluent and deprived areas. Members of the public were included in the study if they were: between 18 and 65 years, able to read and understand English to enable them complete the questionnaire and willing to participate. Those who consented to participate filled out and handed the questionnaire back to the researchers. Data was collected between July 2014 and February 2015.
The questionnaire was structured to facilitate self-administration by the public, and was partially based on a previous survey related to the topic [43] and aimed to collect data about public attitudes, knowledge and awareness levels of AR, as well as exposure to an antibiotic awareness campaign through TV, radio, GP surgeries or pharmacies. The second stage survey for the public residing in deprived areas had an additional question about whether they received counselling about antibiotic usage once prescribed to them. Both surveys consisted mostly of close-ended questions, some Likert scale questions and multiple response questions with one or two open-ended questions at the end to enable participants the freedom of expression in answering .
CP survey
240 Pharmacies were selected by convenience sampling in the same areas through which public were approached. The sample size was also calculated using the Raosoft sample size calculator [42]. The total number of pharmacies in the included boroughs in the study is 612 (32 Kingston, 82 Sutton and Merton including Wimbledon, 45 Richmond, 94 Westminster, 63 Waltham forest,65 Hackney, 57 Haringey, 68 Newham, 45 Islingston, 61 Enfield) [44]. Therefore, the total sample size calculated for the included boroughs was 237 at a 95% confidence level and 5% margin of error.
CPs were sent a postal survey with a prepaid envelope for returning the questionnaire in January 2015. The questionnaire was posted with an information sheet detailing the aims of the study, maintenance of confidentiality and the importance of participation. Only one response was received from each pharmacy. To maximise response rate, a follow-up questionnaire package was sent to CPs who didn't provide an initial response, after one month in February 2015. Only fully completed questionnaires that were returned up until end of February 2015 were considered for the final analysis.
The questionnaire for this phase was designed by the researchers and focused on the role CPs played in increasing awareness about AR and whether they feel there is a need to do more for the community in this regard.
A pilot study was done to validate both CPs and public questionnaires after obtaining ethical approval and prior data collection.
For CP survey, the pilot phase aimed to test content and face validity of the questionnaire used. The researchers discussed the questionnaire topics informally with 5 CPs in South London. Afterwards, the CPs were asked to fill the questionnaire and provide any comments about the questions on the chosen topics. The content was deemed satisfactory by the CPs; however, minor changes were required, which involved changing the wording of some questions.
Whereas the public survey was piloted on a sample of 30 members of the public in South London to test for face and content validity. People were asked to fill the questionnaire, to indicate whether the questions were clear in relation to the topic and to provide any comments to improve the questionnaire. Minor amendments were required which involved changing the wording of some questions in order to facilitate self-administration. The results obtained in the pilot study were not included in the final analysis to avoid any type of bias.
All responses were coded before analysis. Simple statistical analyses (Chi square test) were employed to determine whether a relationship exists between responses to questions on knowledge, behaviour and respondents' demographics. A p value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Ethical approval for both stages of the study was obtained from the Delegated Research Ethics Committee at Kingston University London (Ref: 1213/045).
A total of 384 members of the public were approached in affluent areas and 139 agreed to participate giving a response rate of 36%. Whereas, in deprived areas, 384 were approached and 220 agreed to participate, giving a response rate of 57%. As for CPs, 240 questionnaires were mailed; however only 60 completed the questionnaire, providing a response rate of 25%.
General knowledge on antibiotics usage and on antibiotics resistance possessed by respondents in affluent and deprived areas
Table 1 shows that definitive trends in knowledge of how antibiotics work cannot be drawn to distinguish between affluent and deprived areas. 81% (n = 112/139) of respondents in affluent areas displayed better understanding by disagreeing with the statement 'antibiotics help cure the common cold, cough and flu' compared with 45% (n = 98/220) in deprived areas (p < 0.05). Whereas, 68% (n = 149/220) of respondents in deprived areas displayed better understanding by disagreeing with the statement 'antibiotics are effective against fungi' compared with 43% (60/139) in affluent areas (p < 0.05). Both sets of respondents possessed comparatively poor knowledge as only 55% (n = 77/139) in affluent areas and 46% (n = 101/220) in deprived areas knew that antibiotics are not effective against virus.
Table 1 Awareness of respondents in affluent and deprived areas on correct antibiotic usage
As for knowledge on issues surrounding AR, Table 2 shows that respondents in affluent areas exhibited a much better understanding on the subject, where 81% (n = 112/139) correctly agreed that 'antibiotic resistance is when antibiotics no longer work to treat infections', compared to 57% (n = 126/220) in deprived areas, (p < 0.05) and 88% (n = 123/139) agreed that 'if taken too often or unnecessarily, antibiotics are less likely to work in the future', compared to 61% (n = 135/220) in deprived areas, (p < 0.05).
Table 2 Respondents' knowledge surrounding antibiotic resistance (AR) in affluent and deprived areas
Knowledge on prudent antibiotics usage of respondents in affluent and deprived areas
Respondents in affluent areas showed a much better understanding on prudent antibiotics usage compared to those in deprived areas (Table 3), with 99% always 'taking antibiotics as prescribed' and 85% never 'stopped taking antibiotics when symptoms have improved', compared to 58% (n = 95/163) and 34% (n = 55/163) respectively in deprived areas (p < 0.05).
Table 3 Knowledge on prudent antibiotics usage of respondents in affluent and deprived areas
Demographic factors, counselling and campaign exposure impact on the knowledge and behaviour of respondents in deprived areas
The responses provided by respondents in deprived areas were further analysed.
Ethnicity and language did not influence their general knowledge on antibiotic usage whereas education (at a degree level or above), being in a healthcare profession or having a family member working in healthcare partly enhanced but not always significantly, their general knowledge on antibiotic usage (Table 4).
Table 4 Influence of ethnicity, language, education level, profession and campaign exposure on antibiotic knowledge in deprived areas
In affluent areas, only 32% (n = 45/139) of respondents have been exposed to an antibiotic awareness campaign compared to an even lower 17% (n = 37/220) of respondents in deprived areas. Exposure to an antibiotic awareness campaigns in deprived areas partially raised public respondents' general knowledge on antibiotics usage but not on AR (Tables 4 and 5a).
Table 5 Impact of counselling and antibiotic awareness campaign on AR and concordance/adherence in deprived areas
The responses of public in deprived areas who have had an antibiotic prescribed to them on at least one previous occasion (n = 163/220) were further analysed to investigate the impact of counselling and antibiotic campaigns on their antibiotic consumption behaviour (Table 5b). However, only 20% (n = 32/163) stated that they always received counselling on antibiotic usage. Respondents who received counselling on antibiotic usage displayed better knowledge about concordance/adherence behaviour with respect to antibiotic usage than those who did not always receive counselling (p < 0.05) (Table 5b). Exposure to an antibiotic campaign made no significant impact on respondents' knowledge about concordance/adherence behaviour with respect to antibiotic usage (Table 5b).
Response on whether antibiotics had been obtained by participants without a prescription
In affluent areas, 96% (n = 134/139) participants recalled that they have had an antibiotic on at least one previous occasion, 92% (n = 123/134) confirmed the antibiotics were prescribed to them on a prescription. However, 5% (n = 7/134) of respondents admitted they had some antibiotics left over from a previous supply and 1% (n = 1/134) indicated the supply was purchased over the counter (OTC). None of the respondents indicated that friends/family had given them antibiotics, however 3% (n = 4/134) specifically requested their doctor to prescribe an antibiotic but were refused.
In deprived areas, 74% (n = 163/220) of respondents recalled that they have had antibiotics on at least one previous occasion. 90% (n = 146/163) confirmed the antibiotics were prescribed to them on a prescription. However, some participants also admitted that they had obtained antibiotics from various other means. Notably 12% (n = 19/163) from family/friends, 7% (n = 12/163) from abroad, 9% (n = 14/163) from a 'previous supply', and 7% (n = 11/163) from the internet.
Interestingly, 75% (n = 45/60) of pharmacist respondents indicated they had been requested to supply an antibiotic without a prescription. The main requests for antibiotics were for cold/flu (64%, n = 29/45) followed by for sore throat (24%, n = 11/45).
Relationship of the sampled general public and their prescriber
In affluent areas, 73% (n = 101/139) of participants indicated they would never insist on having an antibiotic prescribed to them. However, only 33% (n = 46/139) said they would trust their doctor if an antibiotic was ever refused to be prescribed to them. Whereas, in deprived areas, 66% (n = 108/163) of participants who had an antibiotic on at least one previous occasion indicated they hadn't insisted on having an antibiotic prescribed to them. When asked whether they would trust their doctor even if they did not prescribe them an antibiotic, although 36% (58/163) remained neutral, 21% (35/163) indicated that they would strongly distrust their doctor if an antibiotic is not prescribed.
Level of engagement of CPs in raising AR awareness amongst the general public
80% (n = 48/60) of CPs admitted to not ever initiate a campaign to raise awareness on AR although 81% (n = 49/60) agreed with the importance of running the campaigns. The reported low uptake of pharmacist respondents in running the antibiotic awareness campaign was due to several factors. Notably lack of engagement was cited to be due to lack of funding (60%, n = 36/60), high workload/time constraints (58%, n = 35/60), followed by language barrier with patients/communication problems (53%, n = 32/60).
The current findings shed light on the existing situation pertaining to antibiotic usage and awareness of AR among the public in affluent and deprived areas of London.
Overall, public respondents residing in affluent areas possessed much better knowledge and understanding on AR problems and antibiotic usage and this was statistically significant (p < 0.05), which in return supports our hypothesis. In addition, public respondents in deprived areas possessed much poorer knowledge on prudent antibiotic usage compared to those in affluent areas (p < 0.05). In the current study, 88% in affluent areas agreed that antibiotics become ineffective if used unnecessarily compared to 61% in deprived areas. In this regard, a recent report by the European commission demonstrated that knowledge of antibiotics among the public has remained constant since 2013 with 84% of participants knew that antibiotics would become ineffective if used unnecessarily [45]. Nevertheless, the current results are also comparable to those reported by McNulty et al. [29], 10 years ago, which in return still highlights the lack of improvement in public knowledge about AR and the need to improve the status quo.
Although public respondents in both affluent and deprived areas were equally knowledgeable (80 and 78% respectively) that antibiotics are effective against bacteria, they could not differentiate between bacteria and viruses and hence, believed that antibiotics would work against diseases caused by viruses also. Our results showed that 45 and 54% in affluent and deprived areas respectively believed that antibiotics are effective against viruses. Unfortunately, this is again comparable to the results of the survey study that was conducted in Britain10 years ago by McNulty et al. [29] after the Andybiotic campaigns in 1998 and 2002, where 43% (3062/7120) of population believed that antibiotics can kill viruses. This in return calls into question the success of the antibiotic awareness campaigns as it highlights that any efforts to date to educate the general public have not made a remarkable impact on this front. In the current study, exposure to the antibiotic awareness campaigns did not enrich knowledge of those respondents on how to take an antibiotic correctly, as the responses did not differ statistically to those who had not been exposed to campaigns.
In deprived areas, 55% of respondents incorrectly believed that antibiotics can treat sore throat, cure common cold, cough and flu; 34% also admitted that they had insisted that an antibiotic be prescribed to them. In addition, CPs in the current study indicated that cold/flu and sore throat were the main conditions for which people request antibiotics from a pharmacy without prescription. Patients demand antibiotics perhaps because they often misunderstand the antibiotic action against microbes and the different models of prudent usage. In a UK study, 55% of 1000 GPs surveyed admitted that they felt under pressure from patients demanding an antibiotic. Importantly, 44% revealed that although they felt an antibiotic was neither appropriate nor necessary, they prescribed it anyway to close the consultation with the patient [46]. In another survey in England, 5 out of 6 GPs reported to feel pressured to prescribe an antibiotic when it is not necessary [38]. Physicians are more likely to prescribe antibiotics under pressure in order to meet the patient's expectation and satisfaction [38, 46, 47]. In our survey, 67% of respondents in affluent areas and 21% in deprived areas indicated that they would distrust their doctor if their request for an antibiotic is refused.
Considering that 80% of prescribed antibiotics occur in primary care [29, 36, 48], CPs can play a potential role in counselling their patients [38]. In the current study, participants in deprived areas who received counselling displayed a statistically significant better understanding on how to correctly take an antibiotic, so it is disappointing to see that under 20% (n = 32/163) in deprived areas actually received counselling on antibiotic usage from a CP, given that counselling on safe use of medicines is a part of the dispensing service which is provided by all pharmacy contractors with NHS England [37]. On the other hand, this highlights the importance of CPs in this field and comes in line with previous calls in England for CPs to become "antibiotic guardians" as one way to halt the spread of AR [38].
In the current study, although 81% of CPs indicated that AR awareness campaigns are important to educate members of the public, yet their motivation in running such campaigns is lacking, with 80% not ever initiating an antibiotic awareness campaign. This was reflected with the small percentages of the public who were exposed to an antibiotics awareness campaign (32 and 17% in affluent and deprived areas respectively). However, this highlights/suggests lack of CPs' efforts for curtailing the global crisis of AR, and stresses the importance to have joint efforts by all HCPs and members of the public to address the issue of AR [38].
A small percentage of respondents admitted to taking antibiotics that were not prescribed for them by a qualified HCP. The revelation by some respondents that they have leftover antibiotics (5% in affluent areas and 9% in deprived areas) was similar to the 10% of those surveyed in other studies [49, 50]. In our survey, this inappropriate behaviour is marginally less yet struck a chord with that conducted by Pechère et al. [51] which reported that the public held inaccurate belief about the appropriate usage of antibiotics with 62% keeping leftover antibiotics for future use. Pechere [52] noted that patients frequently report discontinuing antibiotic therapy when they begin to feel better which might be the very reason why they would have leftover antibiotics. The implication of keeping leftover antibiotics, besides being an indicator of poor compliance with antibiotic therapy [53], has been widely accepted as being a contributing factor to AR [8, 53], but the potential three-fold impact on AR has not yet been fully realised. Firstly, stopping the antibiotic too soon is likely to allow bacteria to proliferate leading to AR. Secondly, the left over antibiotics may not be suitable for the next infection and thirdly, even if they were suitable, the amount left over is unlikely to be sufficient for the desired treatment duration [53]. This depicts the need for creating public awareness that antibiotics should only be used with a valid prescription and demands appropriate counselling on finishing the course as prescribed to ensure that the effectiveness of antibiotics is preserved [2, 53]. Although, this latter matter is currently under debate [54].
Communication between HCPs and their patients should play an important part in conveying correct usage of antibiotics to reduce AR. Horne [55] highlighted the importance of patient-provider interactions and communication so that HCPs can efficiently support patient informed choice to promote optimal adherence both individually and as part of a multidisciplinary team. Yet in this study, 53% of CPs cited that language barrier was a factor hindering them communicating with their patients.
The current study has several limitations that should be taken into consideration when interpreting the findings. The study was conducted only within some regions in London which limits the generalisability of the results on a national scale. Furthermore, the effect of counselling on knowledge regarding antibiotic behaviour was only studied from the responses acquired from the public in deprived areas of London. The sample size of those responses was rather small, thus limiting the generalisation of the influence of demographic factors, campaign exposure and counselling on antibiotic knowledge and adherence. On the other hand, although two attempts were made to boost response rate for CPs' survey, yet the response rate obtained was small to be generalizable. In general, studies employing a self-administered questionnaire have other potential limitations including non-response bias, recall bias and social desirability bias due to the nature of the data being self-reported [43, 56]. The cross-sectional nature of the study also highlights that the data is collected at one point in time [43]. Despite these limitations, the current findings provide update about the public's knowledge of antibiotic usage and awareness of AR. Given the global recognition and threat of AR, a similar study on a national scale in the UK among the public and CPs is recommended to provide a more comprehensive and profound insight into the existing status pertaining to antibiotic usage and awareness of AR.
The public surveyed still had deficiencies in antibiotic knowledge, which highlights that there has been no change in the status quo with respect to awareness of antibiotic usage and AR even after the implementation of several awareness campaigns in England, although respondents from affluent areas performed better overall compared to those in deprived areas. On the other hand, those who benefited from CP counselling showed a significant better knowledge towards prudent antibiotic usage which highlights the importance of CPs' counselling on every antibiotic prescription. In an era where AR is a ticking time bomb, stringent measures in prescribing and dispensing antibiotics should be followed, with a view to making pharmacist counselling on every antibiotic prescription compulsory.
CP:
EAAD:
GP:
HCPs:
IMD:
Index of multiple deprivations
NHS:
National Health Service
Steinberg D. The battle to end antibiotic use in farm agriculture. NIH Record, LXVI. 2014;16
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Barber SaS,K. Antimicrobial resistance. <br />Breifing paper. HOUSE of COMMONS Library November 2017:http://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/CBP-8141/CBP-8141.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2018.
DH. Antimicrobial Resistance Empirical and statistical Evidence-Base. A report from the Department of Health Antimicrobial Resistance Strategy Analytical Working Group September 2016:https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/553267/AMR_EBO_2016.pdf. Accessed 8 May 2018.
WHO. AMR in the WHO European Region 2018; Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/antimicrobial-resistance/about-amr/amr-in-the-who-european-region. Accessed 8 May 2018.
Meikle J. Doctors write 10m needless antibiotics prescriptions a year, says Nice. The guardian 2015:https://www.theguardian.com/society/2015/aug/18/soft-touch-doctors-write-10m-needless-prescriptions-a-year-says-nice. Accessed 30 Aug 2017.
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Laxminarayan R, Duse A, Wattal C, Zaidi AK, Wertheim HF, Sumpradit N, et al. Antibiotic resistance—the need for global solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13(12):1057–98.
Tamma PD, Cosgrove SE. Let the games begin: the race to optimise antibiotic use. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(8):667–8.
Van Boeckel TP, Gandra S, Ashok A, Caudron Q, Grenfell BT, Levin SA, et al. Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010: an analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(8):742–50.
Alanis AJ. Resistance to antibiotics: are we in the post-antibiotic era? Arch Med Res. 2005;36(6):697–705.
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McNulty CA, Boyle P, Nichols T, Clappison P, Davey P. The public's attitudes to and compliance with antibiotics. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;60(suppl_1):i63–8.
McNulty CA, Boyle P, Nichols T, Clappison P, Davey P. Don't wear me out—the public's knowledge of and attitudes to antibiotic use. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;59(4):727–38.
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Ung E, Czarniak P, Sunderland B, Parsons R, Hoti K. Assessing pharmacists' readiness to prescribe oral antibiotics for limited infections using a case-vignette technique. Int J Clin Pharm. 2017;39(1):61–9.
Fleming N, Barber S, Ashiru-Oredope D. Pharmacists have a critical role in the conservation of effective antibiotics. Pharmaceutical Journal. 2011;287(7675):465.
PSNC. <br />NHS Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework<br />Essential Service – Dispensing 2004:http://psnc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/service20spec20es12020dispensing20_v1201020oct2004_.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2017.
Ashiru-Oredope D. Community pharmacists must help conserve antibiotics. Management. 2017;12:17.
PSNC. <br />NHS Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework<br />Enhanced Service – Minor Ailment Service<br />Version 1 2005:http://psnc.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/en8__minor_ailment_service.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2017.
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Awad AI, Aboud EA. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards antibiotic use among the public in Kuwait. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117910.
Willmer R, Mulimba A, Knight A, Westwood R, Odunaiya V, Mole G, et al. Tower Hamlet Pharmaceutical needs assessment report 2015. 2015:http://www.towerhamlets.gov.uk/Documents/Public-Health/JSNA/Pharmaceutical_needs_assessment_report_2015.pdf. Accessed 30 June 2017.
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Cole A. GPs feel pressurised to prescribe unnecessary antibiotics, survey finds. BMJ. 2014;349:g5238.
Kumar S, Little P, Britten N. Why do general practitioners prescribe antibiotics for sore throat? Grounded theory interview study. BMJ. 2003 Jan 18;326(7381):138.
Wise R, Hart T, Cars O, Streulens M, Helmuth R, Huovinen P, et al. Antimicrobial resistance. Is a major threat to public health. BMJ. 1998;317(7159):609–10.
Altiner A, Brockmann S, Sielk M, Wilm S, Wegscheider K, Abholz H. Reducing antibiotic prescriptions for acute cough by motivating GPs to change their attitudes to communication and empowering patients: a cluster-randomized intervention study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2007;60(3):638–44.
Royal Society of Chemistry. Antibiotics: a cure for the common cold?.
Pechère J, Hughes D, Kardas P, Cornaglia G. Non-compliance with antibiotic therapy for acute community infections: a global survey. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007;29(3):245–53.
Pechere JC. Parameters important in short antibiotic courses. J Int Med Res. 2000;28(Suppl 1):3A–12A.
Kardas P, Devine S, Golembesky A, Roberts C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of misuse of antibiotic therapies in the community. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2005;26(2):106–13.
Llewelyn MJ, Fitzpatrick JM, Darwin E, Gorton C, Paul J, Peto TE, et al. The antibiotic course has had its day. BMJ. 2017;358:j3418.
Horne R, Weinman J, Barber N, Elliott R, Morgan M, Cribb A, et al. Concordance, adherence and compliance in medicine taking. London: NCCSDO. 2005:40–6.
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The authors would like to thank all those who participated in the study.
School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
Thuy Mason, Claire Trochez, Remmya Thomas, Maria Babar, Iman Hesso & Reem Kayyali
Thuy Mason
Claire Trochez
Remmya Thomas
Maria Babar
Iman Hesso
Reem Kayyali
RK and TM conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination. TM drafted the manuscript. IH helped in drafting the manuscript. RK and IH contributed towards the critical revision on all versions of the manuscript. CT, RT and MB contributed to data collection. TM, CT, RT and MB contributed to data analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Reem Kayyali.
The study was approved by Science, Engineering and Computing Delegated Ethics Research Committee at Kingston University London (ref: 1213/045).
All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Mason, T., Trochez, C., Thomas, R. et al. Knowledge and awareness of the general public and perception of pharmacists about antibiotic resistance. BMC Public Health 18, 711 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5614-3
Received: 19 October 2017
Antibiotics usage
Pharmacists counselling

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: How to fill in missing column value? # Import libraries
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import pandas as pd
import time
import ast

start_time = time.time()
s = requests.Session()

#Get URL and extract content
page=1
traits = []
accessories, backgrounds, shoes = [], [], []

while page != 100:

    params = {
        ('arg', f"Qmer3VzaeFhb7c5uiwuHJbRuVCaUu72DcnSoUKb1EvnB2x/{page}"),
    }

    content = s.get('https://ipfs.infura.io:5001/api/v0/cat', params=params, auth=('', ''))
    soup = BeautifulSoup(content.text, 'html.parser')
    page = page + 1

    traits = ast.literal_eval(soup.text)['attributes']

    df = pd.DataFrame(traits)
    df1 = df[df['trait_type']=='ACCESSORIES']

    accessories.append(df1['value'].values[0])

When I run the above code I get the following error:
IndexError: index 0 is out of bounds for axis 0 with size 0

This happens because not every item has an "ACCESSORIES" trait data point. So how would I go about adding/filling in an ACCESSORIES trait for those items that don't have one with an empty, nan, or 0 value?

A: Following code solves this issue:
# Import libraries
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import pandas as pd
import time
import ast

start_time = time.time()
s = requests.Session()

#Get URL and extract content
page=1
traits = []
accessories, backgrounds, shoes = [], [], []

while page != 100:

    params = {
        ('arg', f"Qmer3VzaeFhb7c5uiwuHJbRuVCaUu72DcnSoUKb1EvnB2x/{page}"),
    }

    content = s.get('https://ipfs.infura.io:5001/api/v0/cat', params=params, auth=('', ''))
    soup = BeautifulSoup(content.text, 'html.parser')
    page = page + 1

    traits = ast.literal_eval(soup.text)['attributes']

    df = pd.DataFrame(traits)
    df1 = df[df['trait_type']=='ACCESSORIES']

    try:
        accessories.append(df1['value'].values[0])
    except:
        'NONE'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The sentence was relatively light, but that's a good thing. What's not at all good, though, is that public prosecutors completely failed in their efforts to clear up the circumstances surrounding the murder at issue: On April 7, 1977, German Federal Prosecutor Siegfried Buback was shot dead in the southwestern city of Karlsruhe along with his driver and bodyguard.The failure doesn't result from a lack of effort. Prosecutors reopened (http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/ex-terrorist-verena-becker-in-court-germany-reopens-1977-raf-terror-case-a-720463.html) the case against Becker, a practitioner of alternative medicine from Berlin, in September 2010. Since then, the trial has been heard on a total of 97 days and involved the testimony of more than 160 witnesses and eight experts. Compared, however, to the amount of energy that has gone into all of this, the knowledge gained from it has been astonishingly slim.
No one can say for sure whether the trial that ended today against Becker will be the last major trial involving a former member of the RAF, but it very well could be. Although federal prosecutors have been investigating since 2007 whether Stefan Wsiniewski was involved in the attack on Buback, they have yet to come up with any solid evidence against him.Former RAF members will continue to hold their tongues, and it's anybody's guess whether any of them will want to come clean before dying. However, it seems much more likely that the death of Federal Prosecutor Buback will remain a black hole of German history.


text:
Tolima between complications: Today he is on the South American route to Peru
The game was planned for Ibagué, Conmebol changed the venue.
Kevin James
Following the complications in the matches the Colombian teams played at home for the Conmebol tournaments, a settlement has been found because of the socio-economic situation the country is facing in its major cities. Travel to Paraguay for Santa Fe, Nacional and Equidad. It will be to Peru in the case of Deportes Tolima. For information on the flight, Futbolred contacted club sources.
The game is played at the Monumental Stadium in Lima since the changes organized by South American football's highest body. The Ecuadorian squad managed to hit Colombia, including Ibagué, the initial headquarters of the tournament, with regard to its competitor Emelec. The Blues delegation decided yesterday to depart for Lima.
The Tolima squad is heading to Lima at 2:00 p.m., from Cali, to contest the duel decided tomorrow, Friday, from 7:00 p.m. to the capital of Peru.
In addition to the officialization or postponement of the match corresponding to the quarter-finals of the BetPlay Dimayor league against Deportivo Cali which has a date for this Saturday but will be postponed again at the request of the authorities in Palmira, Tolima will expect clarification with regard to the remainder of Conmebol's itinerary.
Kevin James | Thankful for football season.


As an Ophthalmic Surgeon I have had the opportunity to experience the most exciting innovations in micro surgery of one of the most important, complex organs in our bodies. Diving Medicine, Sports Medicine and Aesthetic Surgery completes my circle of interest.
Therefore, all of these form essential building blocks of LIFESTYLE MEDICINE, which, has the potential to keep all of us fit in mind and body until the end of our days.
We are the authors of our own health ….. or disease.


text:
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Japanese household spending declines in January, with further weakness to come
At face value, today's Japanese household spending numbers suggested an improvement at the start of the year, with the headline figure reporting an acceleration in annual growth to 6.9%Y/Y, double the Bloomberg consensus forecast. But the strength in this number principally reflected the low base a year ago. The monthly profile was far less encouraging, albeit not unexpected given the latest pandemic wave and associated restrictions, with total spending down 1.2%M/M in January. And this figure was flattered by higher expenditure on the more volatile items – i.e. housing and vehicles. Indeed, when excluding such items, core spending fell for the third consecutive month and by 2.8%M/M to be more than 3% lower than the Q4 average. Moreover, with the quasi-sate of emergency restrictions still in place, consumer confidence at a five-month low with households' willingness to buy durable goods the weakest is a year, and household budgets being squeezed by rising prices, we expect private consumption to remain subdued over coming months.
Japanese business conditions deteriorate in Q1, with modest recovery expected over near term
The government's quarterly business sentiment survey for Q1, also published today, suggested a marked deterioration in conditions at the start of the year. The headline business sentiment diffusion index (DI) fell 17.1pts to -7.5, the lowest reading since the onset of the pandemic, with similar weakness in the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors alike. And the share of businesses citing a decline in domestic economic conditions was more striking – i.e. the relevant DI fell 38pts over the quarter to -16.3. As is often the case, SMEs considered conditions to be even tougher at the start of the year. Admittedly, the survey indices remain well above the troughs seen at the start of the pandemic – e.g. the headline sentiment index stood at -47.6 in Q220 (compared with -7.5 in Q122). And the survey pointed to a modest improvement in both overall and domestic conditions in the quarters ahead, although the headline indices were still forecast to remain some way below the Q419 level even before the Russian invasion of Ukraine (survey was conducted 15 February).
UK GDP beats expectations to maintain steady growth trend at start of 2022
Having dipped 0.2%M/M in December as the omicron variant took hold, UK GDP rebounded a larger-than-expected 0.8%M/M in January. That took GDP 0.8% above the pre-Covid level in February 2020. Looking through the month-to-month volatility caused by the ebb and flow of the pandemic, it suggested that the UK's growth trend remained broadly steady, with the 3M/3M growth rate of 1.1% little different to that of the prior four months.
UK growth was broad-based in January. Despite a negative contribution from the Covid-related policy response including vaccinations, services activity rose 0.8%M/M, led by consumer-facing activity such as hospitality and retail as households looked to get back to normal in light of the diminished threat from omicron. That took the level of services activity 1.3% above the pre-Covid level, although consumer-facing services were still down 6.8% against the same benchmark illustrating scope for further catch-up over coming months. Construction rose 1.1%M/M to be a similar 1.4% above the level in February 2020. But while production rose 0.7%M/M, it was still 2.0% below the pre-Covid level, restrained by supply bottlenecks in manufacturing, not least in the autos sector.
Looking ahead, February looks to have seen continued firm growth as the impact of the pandemic continued to fade. However, the erosion of real disposable income from record petrol prices, the more-than-50% increase in household energy bills next month, more intense inflationary pressures affecting food and other goods, as well as rising national insurance contributions and interest rates, seems bound to take a toll from Q2 on. Indeed, consumer confidence weakened markedly in February and seems likely to fall to contractionary levels this month. So, were it not for scope for ongoing normalisation in consumer-facing services, as well as the buffer of savings accumulated by some households throughout the pandemic, we would be forecasting recession.
Later today, the results of the latest quarterly BoE/Kantar Inflation Attitudes Survey will be watched to gauge the extent of rising consumer price expectations for the coming year and – arguably most important for the MPC – the medium term.
After ECB policy announcements suggested the hawks have the upper hand for now, EU leaders fail to agree how to reduce dependence on Russian energy; data-wise, the rise in German inflation in February was confirmed this morning
Yesterday's ECB policy announcements saw the hawks appear to gain the upper hand for the time being, with a slightly sharper pace of reduction in net asset purchases agreed for the coming quarter, and the door nudged open to a possible end to net purchases in Q3 and a rate hike thereafter. However, the doves ensured that those forthcoming decisions affecting policy in the second half of the year will be data-dependent, and gained a recognition that, first and foremost, the ECB should respond flexibly as events in Ukraine unfold and resonate more widely in the euro area economy. Certainly, we found the ECB's updated baseline forecasts too conservative with respect to the expected peak in inflation over the near term and too upbeat from the perspective of GDP growth. And a marked deterioration in economic activity that weighed on the labour market would have negative consequences for the medium-term inflation outlook, suggesting that an end to QE in Q3 might be premature. Mindful of the uncertainties, Bank of France Governor Villeroy this morning stated that the ECB was ready to do more– presumably additional net purchases – if required to combat market fragmentation.
There were no surprises from the final estimates of German consumer price inflation in February, which aligned with the preliminary figures. So, the national CPI measure rose 0.2ppt to 5.1%Y/Y while the EU-harmonised HICP measure rose a steeper 0.4ppt to 5.5%Y/Y. Within the detail, the increase was due largely to energy prices, which on the national measure rose more than 2ppts to new series high of 22.5%Y/Y. Food inflation was also firmer, up 0.3ppt to 5.3%Y/Y. So, excluding food and energy, the national core measure of CPI edged up just 0.1ppt to 3.0%Y/Y. Of course, both headline and core inflation look set to rise significantly further over the near term as cost pressures – particularly regards energy – continue to feed through.
With yesterday evening EU summit having brought no breakthrough consensus on how to reduce the region's dependency on Russian hydrocarbons, or whether to fund new initiatives in energy independence and defence via common bond issuance. The leaders will continue their discussions today with a focus on the region's growth and investment model with ECB President Lagarde.
US week for data ends with focus on (downbeat) consumer confidence
The US dataflow ends with the preliminary University of Michigan consumer confidence survey results for March. Given rising food and fuel prices, as well as stock market turbulence, consumer sentiment looks set to drop for the seventh month out of the past eight and well below the Covid recession low from April 2020.
27 January 2023 Tokyo CPI inflation beat expectations
24 January 2023 BoJ's JGB holdings surge
23 January 2023 BoJ's first five-year special loan operation saw solid demand
20 January 2023 UK retail sales fare worse than expected
19 January 2023 Japan's goods trade deficit narrowed
Europe,
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Happy 64th WPRK 12-8-16
On Dec. 8, 1952, WPRK-FM 91.5 began broadcasting. President-elect Dwight D. Eisenhower was one of the first voices heard on the new station.
In a dedication speech he recorded for the opening, Eisenhower, a former college president who supported campus radio, said the new station "can help to speed and advance the great ideas that keep great men and women free." Its original programming included works from conservatory students, recorded recitals, announcement of student chores, student debates and religious services from Knowles Memorial Chapel. In 1954, power was upgraded to a 250-watt transmitter and a new antenna was erected on the old Mills Library.
Kampmeier To Retire-Everett Moves Up 12-9-16
Chris Kampmeier, iHeartMedia's Orlando Region Senior Vice President of Programming will retire effective on December 31. Chris has been with iHeartMedia (Clear Channel) for the past 20 years. Rick Everett, has been named Kampmeier's replacement. Rick has been with iHeartMedaia (Clear Channel) for 19 years and has served as Program Director at WJRR-FM 101.1 and WYGM-AM 740/96.9 FM and Director of Marketing and Promotions for the Orlando cluster.
We want to wish a very happy birthday to a good friend of this website, Frank Reed. Frank is an award wining radio personality as well as a author of Frankly Speaking... Four Decades on the Air and Off a Memoir
Birthday Celebrants 12-13-16
Celebrating tomorrow, WTKS-FM 104.1 member of the "The Monsters" Carlos Navarro and on Sunday Tom Anthony blows out the candles.
Station Owner Passes 12-15-16
Ray Kassis, President of Astro Enterprises' WWBC-AM 1510 died unexpectedly on Nov. 9. He was 69 years old. Ray was also a Ham radio operator and was the Brevard County Emergency Coordinator (EC) since 1991.
Leon Wright Loses Battle 12-15-16
Gospel radio personality Leon Josey-Wright has died after a long battle with kidney disease. Weright was well known in Orlando for his Gospel music programming.
Movin' On Up 12-16-16
Congratulations to Nick Figueredo at WDBO-FM 96.5 who has been named Director of Branding and Programming for WOKV-AM 690/104.5 FM, Jacksonville, effective immediately. Nick was the Assistant Director of Branding and Assistant Program Director at DBO.
Logas Fills In For Hedinger 12-16-16
Mark Logas will be filling in for Bud Hedinger on "Good Morning Orlando" on WFLF-AM 540/102.5 FM. Colonel Danny McKnight joins Mark on December 19th during the 7 o'clock hour to honor the brave men and women who wear the uniform and to discuss the importance of investing in our military. On Tuesday, Mark's guests include representatives from MADD, the Victims Services Center, and the FHP, who will be providing crucial information to help listeners safely navigate through the holidays and to explain what to do if someone becomes a victim of a crime. During the 8 o'clock hour, Mike Mannino explains how he's always paid his monthly mortgage, with the cancelled checks to prove it, but still lost his home last month because the mortgage company and bank claimed in court he hadn't paid since 2007. Even though the mortgage company and bank failed to respond to six court orders to produce documented proof the mortgage hadn't been paid for the past nine years, the judge refused to allow Mike's cancelled checks into evidence and ruled against him. Now, he's fighting back and gaining the attention of public officials who want an explanation as to how this happened.
Easy Oldies To Become Kool 12-18-16
This post includes a correction on the eras of music that will be played.
Flagler Broadcasting's WBHQ-HD2 will launch as "Kool 100.9", playing hits from the 60's and 70's including the British Invasion. The change begins on December 26.
December PPM Ratings 12-22-16
The final ratings for 2016 for Orlando are in. Read them here.
14 year Central Florida radio veteran and good friend of this site, Brenda Matthews will blow out the candles today. Mark Logas celebrates tomorrow, Dave Edwards celebrates on Saturday. Wishing all of you a very happy birthday!
Busy Birthday Week 12-31-12
Celebrating birthdays this week; Today, turns 55, tomorrow : WLOF-AM 950's Dick Shane aka Dick Camnitz and Clive Hayward, who joined Scott and Erica on WOMX-FM 105.1, each time he came to "the Colonies" from his home in England. Happy birthday to you all!


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'Watchmen' Creator Alan Moore Issues Scathing Takedown Of Superhero Movies: 'Today's Franchised Ubermenschen'
by News Kick in News 0 comments
If you found Martin Scorsese's rip on Marvel movies triggering, wait until you get a load of what "Watchmen" creator Alan Moore had to say of them.
Speaking with Raphael Sassalki, Moore pulled no punches in his critique of modern superhero movies, which he described as infantile at best and Nietzschean at worst.
"I think the impact of superheroes on popular culture is both tremendously embarrassing and not a little worrying," said Moore, as reported by Bleeding Cool. "While these characters were originally perfectly suited to stimulating the imaginations of their twelve or thirteen-year-old audience, today's franchised übermenschen, aimed at a supposedly adult audience, seem to be serving some kind of different function, and fulfilling different needs."
Moore went on to describe superhero movie audiences as adults clinging to their childhoods while seeking reassurance about the 20th century.
"Primarily, mass-market superhero movies seem to be abetting an audience who do not wish to relinquish their grip on (a) their relatively reassuring childhoods, or (b) the relatively reassuring 20th century," said Moore. "The continuing popularity of these movies to me suggests some kind of deliberate, self-imposed state of emotional arrest, combined with a numbing condition of cultural stasis that can be witnessed in comics, movies, popular music and, indeed, right across the cultural spectrum."
Moore, who himself has a history of disavowing film and television adaptations of his own work, then directed his criticisms at the comic book creators for being complicit in this culture.
"The superheroes themselves – largely written and drawn by creators who have never stood up for their own rights against the companies that employ them, much less the rights of a Jack Kirby or Jerry Siegel or Joe Schuster — would seem to be largely employed as cowardice compensators, perhaps a bit like the handgun on the nightstand," he continued.
However, Moore saved his most blistering criticism for last when he likened the superhero genre to none other than the racist, white supremacist movie "Birth of a Nation," arguing that it may have been the first superhero movie ever made.
"I would also remark that save for a smattering of non-white characters (and non-white creators) these books and these iconic characters are still very much white supremacist dreams of the master race," said Moore. "In fact, I think that a good argument can be made for D.W. Griffith's 'Birth of a Nation' as the first American superhero movie, and the point of origin for all those capes and masks."
Moore's criticism of superhero movies as some kind of a Nietzschean ode to the Übermensch echoes a similar statement made by director Alejandro González Iñárritu, who said superhero movies send the message that a strongman, and only a strongman, can solve the world's problems.
"Superheroes … just the word hero bothers me," said the director in 2014. "What the f*** does that mean? It's a false, misleading conception, the superhero. Then, the way they apply violence to it, it's absolutely right wing. If you observe the mentality of most of those films, it's really about people who are rich, who have power, who will do the good, who will kill the bad. Philosophically, I just don't like them."
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From Cyborg Anthropology
A semi-ordered book list.
The Railway Journey by Wolfgang Schivelbusch (Author)
Cyberspace: First Steps by Michael L. Benedikt (Editor)
Cyborgs@Cyberspace?: An Ethnographer Looks to the Future by David Hakken
Computing History
Bots: The Origin of a New Species by Andrew Leonard
Computing in the Middle Ages by
Tool-Being: Heidegger and the Metaphysics of Objects by Graham Harman
Cyborg Studies
The Cyborg's Dilemma - Progressive Embodiment in Virtual Environments by Frank Biocca
After Culture - Reflections on the Apparition of Anthropology in Artificial Life, a Science of Simulation by Gary Lee Downey
Cyberspace: First Steps by Michael Benedikt, 1991
The Gendered Cyborg: A Reader by Fiona Hovenden (Editor), et al.
The Female Man by Joanna Russ
The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen (Author), C. Wright Mills (Introduction)
Architecture or Techno-Utopia: Politics after Modernism by Felicity Dale Elliston Scott
The City in History: Its Origins, Its Transformations, and Its Prospects by Lewis Mumford
The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces by William Hollingsworth Whyte
Against the Megamachine: Essays on Empire and its Enemies by David Watson (Author)
Information Anxiety 2 by Richard S. Wurman (Author)
Corporate Wasteland: The Landscape and Memory of Deindustrialization by Steven C. High
Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder by David Weinberger
Supercapitalism : The Transformation of Business, Democracy, and Everyday Life by Robert B. Reich
A Whole New Mind: Moving from the Information Age to the Conceptual Age by Daniel H. Pink
Collective Intelligence: Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace by Pierre Lévy
Time and Bits: Managing Digital Continuity by Margaret MacLean by Ben H. Davis (Editor)
A Geography of Time: The Temporal Misadventures of a Social Psychologist, or How Every Culture Keeps Time Just a Little Bit Differently by Robert Levine
Else/Where: Mapping — New Cartographies of Networks and Territories by Peter Hall
Mirror Worlds: or the Day Software Puts the Universe in a Shoebox...How It Will Happen and What It Will Mean by David Hillel Gelernter
Science Fiction and Future Culture
Anthropology Through Science Fiction by Carol Mason (Author), et al.
Snow Crash by Neal Stephenson
Science Fiction: Stories and Contexts by Heather Masri
Games and Gameplay
Critical Play: Radical Game Design by Mary Flanagan
Digital Ground: Architecture, Pervasive Computing, and Environment by Malcolm McCullough
All That Is Solid Melts into Air: The Experience of Modernity by Marshall Berman
Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative by Bernard, H. Russell
Technospaces: Inside the New Media by Sally Munt
Ambient Findability by Peter Morville
The Information Society as Post-Industrial Society by Yoneji Masuda
Metapolis Dictionary of Advanced Architecture: City, Technology and Society in the Information Age by Eduard Bru
Clicking In: Hot Links to a Digital Culture Edited by Lynn Hershman Leeson
Postmodern Theory by Steven Best and Douglas Kellner
Production of Presence: What Meaning Cannot Convey by Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht
Empire of Signs by Roland Barthes
Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man by Marshall McLuhan
The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual by Victor Witter Turner
Where Wizards Stay Up Late: The Origins Of The Internet by Katie Hafner
War Of The Worlds: Cyberspace And The High-tech Assault On Reality by Mark Slouka
Crafting Selves: Power, Gender, and Discourses of Identity in a Japanese Workplace by Dorinne Kondo
The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 by Stephen Kern
The Geography of Nowhere: The Rise and Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape by James Howard Kunstler
Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience by Erving Goffman
The Mobile Connection: The Cell Phone's Impact on Society by Richard Seyler Ling
Constant Touch: A Global History of the Mobile Phone by Jon Agar
Material Culture and Technology in Everyday Life: Ethnographic Approaches by Phillip Vannini (Author)
Maintaining Relationships Through Communication: Relational, Contextual, and Cultural Variations by Daniel J. Canary (Editor), Marianne Dainton (Editor)
Global Technography: Ethnography in the Age of Mobility by Grant Kien
Perpetual Contact: Mobile Communication, Private Talk, Public Performance by James E. Katz (Editor), Mark Aakhus (Editor)
Cell Phone Culture: Mobile Technology in Everyday Life by Gerard Goggin
The Cell Phone: An Anthropology of Communication by Heather A. Horst
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity by Erving Goffman
The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life by Erving Goffman
Interaction Ritual - Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior by Erving Goffman
Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings by Erving Goffman
Chronoschisms: Time, Narrative, and Postmodernism by Ursula K. Heise
Information Multiplicity: American Fiction in the Age of Media Saturation by John Johnston
The Human Use Of Human Beings: Cybernetics And Society by Norbert Wiener
The Theory of the Leisure Class by Thorstein Veblen
The Rise of the Creative Class: And How It's Transforming Work, Leisure, Community and Everyday Life by Richard Florida
The Significance of the Frontier in American History by Frederick Jackson Turner
Conspicuous Consumption by Thorstein Veblen
Class: A Guide Through the American Status System by Martim De Avillez, Paul Fussell
The 4-hour Workweek: Escape the 9-5, Live Anywhere and Join the New Rich by Timothy Ferriss
Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives by John G. Palfrey
The Future of the Internet - And How to Stop It by Jonathan Zittrain
Infotopia: How Many Minds Produce Knowledge by Cass R. Sunstein
The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom by Yochai Benkler
The Culture Code: An Ingenious Way to Understand Why People Around the World Live and Buy as They Do by Clotaire Rapaille
How Customers Think: Essential Insights into the Mind of the Market by Gerald Zaltman
The Psychology Of Everyday Living by Ernest Dichter (Author)
Outliers: The Story of Success by Malcolm Gladwell
The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference by Malcolm Gladwell
Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking by Malcolm Gladwell
The Strategy of Desire by Ernest Dichter
Cyborg: The Man-Machine by Marie O'Mahony
Neuromancer by William Gibson
How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics by N. Katherine Hayles
Mona Lisa Overdrive by William Gibson
Pattern Recognition by William Gibson
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick
Cyborgs & Citadel s: Anthropological Interventions in Emerging Sciences and Technologies by Gary Lee Downey with Joseph Dumit, Donna Haraway, Deborah Heath, David J. Hess, Frederick Klemmer, Juan C. Lucena, Emily Martin, Laury Oaks, Paul Rabinow, Rayna Rapp, Karen-Sue Taussig, Sharon Traweek, Ariane Van Der Straten, Sarah Williams, Gary Lee Downey and Joseph Dumit.
The Visual Display of Quantitative Information by Edward R. Tufte
Envisioning Information by Edward R. Tufte
Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920-1940 by Roland Marchand
Decoding Advertisements by Judith Williamson
Sign Wars: The Cluttered Landscape of Advertising by Robert Goldman
The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility, and Other Writings on Media by Walter Benjamin
The System of Objects by Jean Baudrillard
Postmodernism, or, The Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism - Post-Contemporary Interventions by Fredric Jameson
Society of the Spectacle by Guy Debord
Simulacra and Simulation by Sheila Faria Glaser, Jean Baudrillard
Ways of Seeing: Based on the BBC Television Series by John Berger
Consuming Life by Zygmunt Bauman
Liquid Times: Living in an Age of Uncertainty by Zygmunt Bauman
Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything by Anthony D. Williams, Don Tapscott
Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory by Bruno Latour
Liquid Life by Zygmunt Bauman
Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature by Donna Haraway
Modest_Witness@ Second_Millenni um.FemaleMan_Me ets_OncoMouse: Feminism and Technoscience by Donna Jeanne Haraway
The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness by Donna Jeanne Haraway
How Like a Leaf: An Interview with Donna Haraway by Donna Haraway
We Have Never Been Modern by Bruno Latour
Mindware: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Cognitive Science by Andy Clark
The Idea Factory: Learning to Think at MIT by Pepper White
Beyond Culture by Edward T. Hall, et al.
Designing Interfaces: Patterns for Effective Interaction Design by Jenifer Tidwell
Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-Scale Web Sites by Peter Morville, Louis Rosenfeld
The Design of Everyday Things by Donald A. Norman
Placing Words: Symbols, Space, and the City by William J. Mitchell
Designing Interactions by Bill Moggridg
Designing Web Interfaces: Principles and Patterns for Rich Interactions by Theresa Neil, Bill Scott
Don't Make Me Think: A Common Sense Approach to Web Usability, 2nd Edition by Steve Krug
The A to Z of Postmodern Life: Essays on Global Culture in the Noughties by Ziauddin Sardar
The Making of Second Life: Notes from the New World by Wagner James Au
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COBBLERS 19/20 TO BEAT YORK CITY
All the odds ahead of Northampton Town v York City
The Cobblers hope to make it four wins in a row at home when they host York City on Saturday.
Northampton Town are the odds-on favourites at 19/20 for the three points, York can be supported at 14/5 and the draw is a 9/4 option.
York claimed only their second home win of the season when they beat Tranmere 2-0 last time out so spirits have been raised amongst the Minstermen.
Russ Wilcox's York have scored first in both of their previous two games and you can get 6/4 for the visitors to open the scoring in this contest.
Sky Bet are the title sponsor of the Football League and every bet placed benefits the Cobblers.
To sign up, go to www.skybet.com/northampton and follow the instructions.
You could win £250,000 for the club to spend on players in the summer and £5,000 for yourself!


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Q: Slow Performance in the application with roles customizing. DevExpress eXpressAppFramework(XAF) I have an application with middler tier architecture., .net framework 4.0 and devexpress version 13.2.8.
I am creating a new role and asigning it to a user, when this user logs in,
it takes about 20 to 60 seconds to login. Howeve, if other user with administrator role logs in it takes 1 second. this behavior
is also frequent in other functionalities like Listview, look up objects, etc.
Can you please indicate us some information to review about this topic.

A: There could be a lot of reasons for this, but I could guess it is probably because admin doesn't need to check IsGranted to permission requests. I recommend you to check how this method affects your performance.
For instance, you can find that permission requests checks to AuditDataItemPersistent can be heavy and unecessary, so you can override SecurityStrategyComplex class and skip it:
public override bool IsGranted(IPermissionRequest permissionRequest)
    {
        //Always grant for AuditDataItemPresistent for performance reasons.
        if (permissionRequest is ClientPermissionRequest)
            if (typeof(AuditDataItemPersistent).IsAssignableFrom(((ClientPermissionRequest)(permissionRequest)).ObjectType))
                return true;

        return base.IsGranted(permissionRequest);
    }


On behalf of The Law Offices of Zev Goldstein, PLLC posted in Criminal Defense on Thursday, May 29, 2014.
Over the Memorial Day weekend, a violent brawl erupted in a New York City apartment that left one man's face slashed and another man in police custody. There was little evidence aside from conflicting accounts of those involved until a surprise witness came forward to help support the charges.
David Schwimmer, best known for playing the character Ross on the popular television series "Friends"in the 1990s, happened to live next door to the building where the fight took place. Security footage from his cameras may help clear up the allegations against the man who was arrested. After viewing the footage in Schwimmer's home, police took the tape with them.
One of the men involved in the altercation was arrested on assault and other charges. The alleged victim in the case claims that the accused stole a computer as well. A third party in the fight was a suspected transvestite prostitute who fled from the scene. It is unclear whether police are seeking criminal charges against that individual.
Cases like this can be murky and have surprising outcomes. Both prosecutors and criminal defense attorneys often turn to surveillance footage to help in trials. In this case, the footage could clear up disputed issues about the allegations. For example, if the accused was acting in self-defense, the footage may show that more clearly.
When a person ends up facing charges because of his or her word against another's, it can be difficult to know what to expect and how to approach an effective defense. However, whether the charges stem from assault or a traffic violation that leads to more serious offenses, it can be crucial to have legal representation. An attorney can help identify witnesses or evidence that can clear up any conflicting stories and work to protect a person from convictions and overly harsh penalties.