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Home Art Exhibitions: Northeast The American Pre-Raphaelites: Radical Realists
Art Exhibitions: Northeast
Fine Art Today
The American Pre-Raphaelites: Radical Realists
Thomas C. Farrer, "Three Eggs," 1868, watercolor on paper, overall: 12.7 x 25.4 cm (5 x 10 in.), framed: 26.67 x 39.37 cm (10 1/2 x 15 1/2 in.) Lent by Elizabeth Feld-Herzberg and Peter A. Feld. Photography by Eric W. Baumgartner
In celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of John Ruskin (1819–1900), the most influential art critic of the Victorian era, the National Gallery of Art will present more than 90 paintings, watercolors, and drawings created by American artists who were profoundly influenced by Ruskin's call for a revolutionary change in the practice of art.
Henry Farrer, "Two Birds: Canary and Robin," 1867, watercolor on paper, overall: 18.73 x 14.76 cm (7 3/8 x 5 13/16 in.), framed: 44.45 x 39.37 cm (17 1/2 x 15 1/2 in.) Lent by Mr. and Mrs. Stuart P. Feld. Photography by Eric W. Baumgartner
"The American Pre-Raphaelites: Radical Realists" includes a number of recently discovered works never before exhibited publicly. Ruskin's rejection of traditional academic art and his plea for works that reflected a deep reverence for both the spiritual and scientific qualities of the natural world found a sympathetic audience in America among a group of like-minded artists, architects, scientists, critics, and collectors.
Henry Farrer, "On Whitehead, Coast of Maine," 1875, watercolor on paper, overall: 30.48 x 46.99 cm (12 x 18 1/2 in.), Leonard and Ellen Milberg
New research, included in the exhibition catalog, reveals that the members of the Association for the Advancement of Truth in Art sought reform not only in the practice of art, but also in the broader political arena—most were abolitionists deeply engaged in the fight against slavery. Coded references to the Civil War are present in a number of exquisitely detailed landscape paintings that do not appear—at first glance—to carry symbolic meaning. Members of the group followed Ruskin's dictum to record the natural world with strict fidelity, but they also created works that often include a rich political subtext.
Fidelia Bridges, "Calla Lily," 1875, watercolor on paper, overall: 35.56 x 25.4 cm (14 x 10 in.), framed: 60.96 x 45.72 x 3.81 cm (24 x 18 x 1 1/2 in.) Brooklyn Museum, New York, Museum Collection Fund
Fidelia Bridges, "Milkweeds," 1876, watercolor on paper, image: 40.64 x 24.13 cm (16 x 9 1/2 in.), overall: 43.82 x 33.02 cm (17 1/4 x 13 in.), framed: 71.1 x 55.9 x 3.2 cm (28 x 22 x 1 1/4 in.) Proctor Collection, Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute, Museum of Art, Utica Munson-Williams-Proctor Arts Institute / Art Resource, NY
The exhibition is curated by Linda S. Ferber, museum director emerita and senior art historian at the New-York Historical Society, with Nancy K. Anderson, curator and head of the department of American and British paintings at the National Gallery of Art.
Henry Farrer, "Pink Rose," 1874, watercolor on paper, overall: 11.75 x 26.04 cm (4 5/8 x 10 1/4 in.), framed: 30.48 x 45.09 cm (12 x 17 3/4 in.) Elizabeth Feld-Herzberg. Photography by Eric W. Baumgartner
"The American Pre-Raphaelites: Radical Realists" is on view through July 21, 2019, at the National Gallery of Art.
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Nehra: Wanted by India, ignored by Delhi
This story is from January 15, 2016
Gaurav Gupta / TNN / Updated: Jan 15, 2016, 09:24 IST
Let's play ODI cricket with pink ball: Gavaskar
Expecting Brisbane pitch to be as flat as Perth: Faulkner
Nehra has been dropped from the Delhi team for the Syed Mushtaq Ali T20 Trophy Super League, which will begin here from Friday.
• Nehra's knack of being selective while playing for Delhi has raised questions on his commitment
• Nehra has been dropped from the remaining Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy
• The left-arm medium-pacer was selected in India's T20 squad against Australia
MUMBAI: This piece of news may leave the national selectors embarrassed. When they picked veteran left-arm seamer Ashish Nehra in the Indian team for the three Twenty20 Internationals against Australia Down Under, it was hailed as a bold decision to reward a bowler who has impressed everyone in the IPL in the last few years. The 37-year-old's miraculous comeback, almost five years after he last played for India in the World Cup semifinal against Pakistan, though, seems set to court controversy.
In a curious turn of events, it has emerged that even Nehra's preparation for the Australian tour has hit a massive roadblock: He has been dropped from the Delhi team for the Syed Mushtaq Ali T20 Trophy Super League, which will begin here from Friday. The Delhi selectors, it seems, have 'lost patience' with the fast bowler for picking and choosing games' over the past few years. Nehra, who doesn't play in the Ranji Trophy anymore, has played just three games - one in the Vijay Hazare Trophy (in which Delhi lost to Gujarat in the final) and two in the Syed Mushtaq Ali league stage in Baroda.
It means Nehra, who has bowled merely six overs in the Syed Mushtaq Ali T20 Trophy and nine in the Vijay Hazare Trophy before that, would be severely 'undercooked' when he arrives in Australia for the T20 series, which kicks off from January 26.
"Nehra's got a bad habit of picking and choosing domestic games, which disturbs the balance of the team. It's not good for the youngsters in the team either, and certainly not fair on the selectors, who were upset with him after he played just two games in Baroda before leaving the team. And this has happened many times in the last few years. In recent years, no one had a clue about when he would play and when he wouldn't. This time, though, the selectors seemed to have put their foot down and said this can't go on. Hence, he was excluded from the team. They feel that while he can play for India and the Chennai Super Kings, he can't play for Delhi as long as he doesn't show enough commitment for his domestic team, which in the first place helped him become an India player," a DDCA official told TOI on Thursday .
Former India wicketkeeper Vijay Dahiya, who is currently coaching Delhi, refused to be drawn into the debate. "You'll have to ask the selectors (about Nehra). He didn't play after two games in Baroda because we wanted to give a chance to the youngsters," he said.
So, here you have a situation where a bowler is left out of his domestic side because he's too old, at a time when he's been picked for India. Asked if that would leave Nehra short of match practice, Dahiya quipped: "He's bowling every day at the nets in Delhi."
Ex-India pacer Sanjeev Sharma, though, backed Nehra's commitment for the game. "He played 70 percent of the games when I was the Delhi coach. His commitment to the game, even at 37, is 100 percent. I saw him roll over Punjab with a deadly six-wicket spell at the Roshanara. He will strengthen the Indian pace attack with his experience. In the IPL, he was the second-most successful bowler this time."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Odoo module A depends of module B which depends of module A I'd like to know if their is any way to make a module A depend of module B if module B depend of module A? Like having them installed at the same time? When I try, both are not selectionnable in module list.
If not, is it possible to merge both module easily?
I have to add something which imply to do this inter-dependency. Will I have to rewrite every line of both modules in a single one? I would be surprised since using different module make the development easier and more structured, odoo seams to be aware of it, so that's why I come to ask you this question even if I found nothing about it.

A: Maybe this help you:
The auto_install flag means that the module will be automatically installed as soon as all its dependencies are satisfied. It can be set in the __openerp__.py file. Its default value is False.
Add this flag to both modules.
So you can create a dummy module C. Add it as a dependency of A and B. All the rest of dependencies of A and B should be in C. Then, if you install C, both modules are installed at the same time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The level of human activity in the Salish Sea region both partly springs from and leads to extensive use of nearshore ecosystems. Access to shipping, fishing and other commercial and recreational endeavors makes the region an attractive location for human settlement. Expanding settlement and human activities exerts growing pressures on the ecological system. In the Driver-Pressure-State-Impacts-Response (DPSIR) conceptual model, nearshore human activities are represented as "Drivers" (Figure 3). Because shoreline modification is a consequence of these driving activities, the threat is represented as a Pressure in our review.
In the sections below, we review the Pressures of shoreline modification, and the resultant State changes and system Impacts. To avoid repetition of an existing review of this topic, we rely heavily on reviews completed by the Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review) but supliment this review with other information from the peer-reviewed literature. We recommend that readers consult Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review for greater details, both with respect to specific shoreline modifications and the status of distinct geographic subunits in the region. Although Schlenger et al. is currently in review and therefore not part of the peer-reviewed literature, we rely heavily on this document because the authors have essentially completed the goals of this section – to review the peer-reviewed literature of the threats associated with shoreline modification.
Given the economic and recreational impetuses leading to shoreline modification, such activities clearly can have positive impacts on human socioeconomics and well-being. However, we only focus in the current draft on the ecological changes resulting from shoreline modification rather than the benefits to human health and well-being; additionally, negative impacts of ecological changes on human health and well-being, such as decreased resource availability, impaired water quality, and increasing expenditures for shoreline restoration, are currently omitted. Lastly, Chapter 4, Effectiveness of Strategies to Protect and Restore the System, addresses the human Response to the problems associated with such modifications, and will not be covered in the present section.
Figure 3. Driver-Pressure-State-Impacts-Response conceptual model for shoreline modification in the Salish Sea ecosystem.
1. Pressure: Shoreline Modification
Modification of shoreline regions results in a wide range of state changes in nearshore ecosystems (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review; summarized in Table 3). These changes lead to impacts to the shoreline, to the adjacent upland and freshwater systems and to the Salish Sea estuary (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review; summarized in Table 4). Collectively, nearshore modification has resulted in shortening and simplification of shoreline over the past 150 years, from both direct (e.g., artificial structures) and indirect (e.g., disruption of shoreform sediment transport processes) modifications; the Sound has experienced a loss of over 1000 km of natural shoreline and the introduction of almost 400 km of artificial shoreline (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). This loss of convoluted shoreline has resulted in an overall loss of nearshore area, leading to disruption or loss of important ecosystem functions such as sediment, detritus and nutrient transport, loss of habitat and changes in species composition.
Table 3. Extent, number and percent change in shoreline by modification type in Puget Sound, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and southern Strait of Georgia1
Modification Type
Extent of Modification
Number Occurring
Percent of Modification
Tidal Barriers
7%2
Overwater Structures
9 km2
Breakwaters & Jetties
Loss of Wetlands
53% of historical extent3
13,000 km2 impounded
37% impounded4
Transportation Structures
383 km (312 km of roads, 71 km of railroads)
1Numbers derived from Simenstad et al. (2009) and Schlenger et al. (in review).
2Based on a total shoreline length of 3962 km.
3Based on historical extent of 514 km2.
4 Based on a total sub-basin drainage area of 34,710 km2.
Table 4. Summary of direct (D) and indirect (I) impacts to nearshore processes by shoreline modification type1
Nearshore Processes Impacted by Shoreline Modification
Native Vegetation Removal
Sediment Input
Sediment Transport
Erosion/Accretion of Sediment
Tidal Flow
Tide Channel Formation and Maintenance
Distributary Channel Migration
Freshwater Input
Detritus Import and Export
Exchange of Aquatic Organisms
Physical Disturbance
Solar Incidence
1Partially reproduced from Schlenger et al. (in review), Table 4-19, pg. 123.
Many shoreline modifications are for residential, commercial and industrial purposes. Nearshore ecosystems are thus subject to the same pressures, state changes and impacts associated more generally with development-related LULC changes, such as altered material and water fluxes due to increased imperviousness (Schlenger et al., in review). However, specific modes of shoreline modification have distinct characteristics with respect to their impacts on nearshore environments. We review here many of these various state changes and their associated impacts.
State: Increased Armoring
Shoreline armoring refers to structures largely aimed at erosion control from coastal wave movement, and for retention of fill zones. Such armoring consists of walls or bulkheads, constructed of rock or concrete, erected parallel to shorelines. Covering over 1070 km of Puget Sound shorelines (Schlenger et al., in review), armoring is particularly prevalent in highly developed residential, urban or industrial centers, due to a combination of the need to protect developed structures (e.g., roads, buildings) and the increased potential for erosion due to the removal of vegetation for land development (Alberti 2008; Schlenger et al., in review). For instance, armoring frequently co-occurs with nearshore roads, railroad passages, and/or other transportation infrastructure (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). Of the various shoreline modification forms, armoring is the most common, comprising 74 percent of all artificial shoreforms (Simenstad et al. 2009).
Armoring significantly alters the movement of sediments and debris that provide physical structure to beaches and other nearshore zones (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). By design, armoring structures block natural, more gradual upland erosion processes that deliver sediments and replenish shoreline materials carried away by waves and tides. In place of such processes, the abrupt physical barrier serves to intensify waterward erosion of waves, further altering beach structure.
These changes to movements of sediment and debris are one of the primary impacts leading to degradation of river deltas within the Salish Sea ecosystem. Approximately 44 percent of river delta extent (188 km2 of the 427 km2 historical area) has been lost due to impacts such as armoring (Schlenger et al., in review). Shoreline modifications such as armoring alter both the transport of sediments into river deltas and the distribution of sediments within the delta itself (Miles et al. 2001; Johannessen and MacLennan 2007). In turn, degradation of river deltas has significant ecosystem impacts, including loss of habitat and restriction of species ranges (e.g., salmon and other fish, shorebirds and the benthic invertebrates they depend on) (Griggs 2005; Buchanan 2006; Dethier 2006; Fresh 2006; Mumford 2007; Tonnes 2008). Resultant changes in sediment flows also increases estuarine turbidity.
Armoring results in the degradation of bluff-backed and barrier beaches (Canning and Shipman 1995; Johannessen and MacLennan 2007), particularly in South Central Puget Sound (Schlenger et al., in review). Bluff-backed beaches have declined by approximately 8 percent from their historical extent due to a range of factors including armoring (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). Approximately 33 percent bluff beaches include some level of armoring, leading to disruption of the sediment and debris transport process that feeds these and nearby down-drift beaches. Coastal bluffs provide an estimated 90 percent of sediment to beaches along the Sound (Downing 1983), which in turn affects resilience of coastal embayments that depend on this input. Barrier beaches, which serve as protection for estuary lagoons and other coastal embayments, have also declined by 12 percent of their historical extent; of these, 27 percent include shoreline armoring (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). Degradation and loss of bluff and barrier beaches result in loss of invertebrate habitats (Sobocinski 2003; Dugan and Hubbard 2006; see Schlenger et al., in review), which impacts fish, mammals and birds that feed on them. Armoring these systems also results in loss or impairment of spawning habitat of forage fish such as surf smelt and sand lance (Rice 2006; Penttila 2007) and herring, which may lead to declines in some species that feed upon these fish or their eggs (surf scoter populations, for instance Anderson et al. 2009).
Changes in sediment transport due to armoring have also contributed to loss or fragmentation of coastal embayments, such as inlets, barrier estuaries, barrier lagoons, closed lagoons and marshes (Schlenger et al., in review). Compared with historical occurrence, 53 of 173 open coastal inlets, 84 of 240 barrier estuaries, and 89 of 222 barrier lagoons have been lost. Closed forms of coastal embayments, such as lagoons and marshes that do not interface with open estuary, exhibit similar trends: comprising approximately 1.6 km of the Puget Sound shoreline (down from a historical extent of 2.6 km), only about 81 of 249 historic closed lagoons and marshes remain. As noted above, coastal sediment transport processes that create and maintain structure for barrier beaches form the boundaries for coastal embayments; disruption of such transport due to armoring in turns leads to the degradation of embayments (Schlenger et al., in review). Losses of embayments have been noted to have significant impact on juvenile Pacific salmon that use these habitats for feeding (Beamer et al. 2003; Fresh 2006). Other significant impacts include altered nutrient inputs and overall water quality, loss of or diminished primary productivity, and loss of biodiversity (Schlenger et al., in review).
Placeholder – discussion of riprap impacts on aggregating some fish species, and increasing velocity along river banks
State: Construction of Tidal Barriers
Tidal barriers consist of structures such as dikes, levees and tide gates that are used to restrict or divert tidal flows. They are often used to block tide waters (or in the case of tide gates, to drain water) from delta regions that have been converted to agricultural lands (Schlenger et al., in review). Tidal barriers are typically constructed of large rock and other heavy materials to prevent damage from flood waters. According to shoreform database estimates, approximately 418 km of tidal barriers exist within Puget Sound nearshore ecosystems (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review).
Because of the nature of their construction and use, tidal barriers have particularly significant impacts on river deltas (Schlenger et al., in review). As with armoring, these barriers alter the transport and distribution of sediments to and within deltas, coastal marshes and tidal channels (Thom 1992; Barrett and Niering 1993; Brockmeyer et al. 1997; Bryant and Chabreck 1998; Hood 2004). These impacts in turn alter the formation and maintenance of tidal flow channels, and hence the overall structural integrity of river deltas. Changes in sedimentation also have potentially negative impacts on eelgrass and kelp survival (Mumford 2007; Schlenger et al., in review). As a consequence, shorebirds, fish and benthic invertebrates that rely on such river delta vegetation for foraging, spawning and refuge habitat experience declines in their abundance and distribution (Griggs 2005; Buchanan 2006; Dethier 2006; Fresh 2006; Mumford 2007; Tonnes 2008; cited in Schlenger et al., in review). Turbidity in the vicinity of river mouths also increases.
Placeholder – information on number of deltas with >75% coverage by tidal barriers, and the number being restored to remove tidal barriers
Open and closed coastal embayments are also significantly impacted by tidal barriers (Schlenger et al., in review). Barriers occur within the immediate vicinity of 16 percent of open coastal inlets and 21 percent barrier estuaries in the Sound (Simenstad et al. 2009). The structure of embayments, whose boundaries are dependent on persistent replenishment of sediments from both tidal and more upland flows, is frequently modified by the changes in sediment transport induced by tidal barriers (Schlenger et al., in review). Such shifts particularly alter or disrupt the morphology and vegetation composition of nearshore marshes (Barrett and Niering 1993; Bryant and Chabreck 1998; Hood 2004), and limit the availability of detrital nutrients used by aquatic organisms (Schlenger et al., in review).
State: Native Vegetation Removal
Changes in land cover, particularly removal and/or fragmentation of native vegetation, is frequently associated with artificial shoreline modifications (Schlenger et al., in review). Residential and industrial development, and the changes in land cover that it entails, is prevalent along Puget Sound shorelines, particularly in the central and southern Sound regions (Alberti et al. 2004; Simenstad et al. 2009) .
As described above (see "State: Altered Biogeochemistry and Hydrology" under "Pressure: Land Use/Land Cover Change"), changes in land use and land cover modify the rates and volumes of upland water and material fluxes (Tague and Band 2001; Booth et al. 2002; Wickham et al. 2002; Brett et al. 2005; Kaye et al. 2006; Cuo et al. 2009), which in turn translate into altered transport into nearshore ecosystems.
Changes in sediment, water and nutrient fluxes due to upland vegetation conversion alter the geomorphic structure and ecosystem functioning of nearshore ecosystems (Schlenger et al., in review). Changes in upland transport of sediments interact with in-water fluxes to modify the structure and stability of shore banks, beaches and embayments. Degraded structural and biogeochemical changes to embayments and river deltas in turn alter, and often simplify, food webs and communities that depend on these shoreforms for shelter and foraging habitat (Griggs 2005; Buchanan 2006; Dethier 2006; Fresh 2006; Mumford 2007; Tonnes 2008; cited in Schlenger et al., in review).
State: Construction of Overwater Structures
Overwater structures comprise a general class of shoreline modification that includes fixed and floating docks, fixed piers, bridges, floating breakwaters, moored vessels, and support and stabilization piles. Approximately 6927 overwater structures can be found in the Puget Sound region, comprising a total area of approximately 6.5 km2 (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al. in review). The severity of nearshore impacts of a given overwater structure depend on some of the following physical characteristics that determine its physical profile in and above the water (Nightengale and Simenstad 2001; Schlenger et al., in review): the structure's size and shape; its height above the water and the depth of water below it; the number of support pilings it requires; its orientation to and location along the shore; and its proximity to other overwater structures.
One of the key impacts of overwater structures is shading of nearshore habitats (Nightengale and Simenstad 2001; Schlenger et al., in review). Aside from the obvious implications for nearshore plants (Dennison 1987; Kenworthy and Haunert 1991), shading also impacts the distribution, behavior and survival of fish and other aquatic wildlife that occupy adjacent shoreline habitats. Sharp gradients of light and shadow, such as those that occur near overwater structures, affect feeding behavior and efficiency of visual foragers (e.g., salmon, Dungeness crab) as well as fish schooling and migratory movements (Nightengale and Simenstad 2001; Scheuerell and Schindler 2003; Thom et al. 2006; Schlenger et al., in review).
Placeholder – discussion of overwater structure impacts on fish aggregation vs. deterrence (e.g., does the shade help keep water temperatures cooler?)
As with other shoreline modifications that pose physical barriers, structural support pilings interfere with tidal flows and wave movements (Nightengale and Simenstad 2001; Schlenger et al., in review). Individual pilings may have negligible impacts on water movements and energy, depending on their size. However, because structures typically have multiple rows of pilings, these supports have cumulative impacts that attenuate wave energy, with consequent shifts in the deposition and distribution of adjacent and downdrift shoreline sediments.
Also associated with overwater structures, particularly those of older construction, is the potential introductions of contaminants into nearshore waters (Poston 2001; Schlenger et al., in review). Older, creosote- or copper-treated wood structures have been demonstrated to leach polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and copper arsenate compounds, respectively, into aquatic ecosystems (Valle et al. 2007).
Placeholder – discussion of short-term effects during construction with pile driving and sediment disturbance, particularly with respect to timing of construction relative to migrating animals
State: Construction of Marinas
Marinas are comprised of a diversity of in-water and/or overwater structures, as well as adjacent nearshore modifications such as parking lots and service buildings, that vary in impact depending on their specific physical characteristics (Schlenger et al., in review). Building structures of varying size, shape and orientation in conjunction with water vessel moorings alter both the geomorphic characteristics of shorelines and the flows of water and sediments; accompanying breakwaters and jetties (see below) further exacerbate impacts. Approximately 0.3 percent (around 6 km2) of Puget Sound shoreline is covered by over 170 marinas, with about one third occurring in the south Sound (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review).
The impacts of marinas are significant on beach systems, river deltas and coastal embayments (Schlenger et al., in review). Physical in-water and overwater barriers associated with marinas alter or disrupt the transport of sediment, coarse debris and detritus, thereby degrading beach structure immediately adjacent to as well as downdrift from the marina. As noted above, shading from accompanying overwater structures also impacts plant productivity and aquatic wildlife foraging and movement behavior (Nightengale and Simenstad 2001; Schlenger et al., in review). Marinas constructed near river deltas or coastal embayments similarly alter both upland and in-water sediment transport processes that maintain the structure and water and material flows within these shoreforms. Upland armoring often accompanies marinas, degrading nearshore habitats for wildlife and further disrupting land-water interactions (Simenstad et al. 2009; see "State: Increased Armoring" above).
Marinas also introduce chemical contaminants into nearshore ecosystems (Poston 2001; Schlenger et al., in review). As with overwater structures, leaching of chemicals from treated wood structures is a potential risk. Perhaps more significant and prevalent, however, are risks of contaminants released into water and sediments from moored vessels and upland parking facilities. These petroleum-based and other forms of contaminants have significant impacts on plants, aquatic and nearshore wildlife and general nearshore food web structure (Schlenger et al., in review).
Placeholder – discussion of impacts from tin-based antifouling paints that are stored in the bottom sediments, from when these paints were legal in the USA
Placeholder – impacts of noise pollution from vessel traffic and industrial activity in and around marinas
Placeholder – potential impacts from stray electrical currents from marinas
Placeholder – positive vs. negative impacts on wintering populations of birds
State: Construction of Breakwaters and Jetties
Similar to tidal barriers (see "State: Construction of Tidal Barriers" above), breakwaters and jetties are structures designed to dissipate wave movement and energy, particularly near harbors, marinas and areas where vessels are moored (Schlenger et al., in review). Some breakwaters and jetties are composed of heavy rock or concrete armoring, while others are comprised of free-floating or anchored structures. There are 136 recorded breakwaters and jetties in the Salish Sea ecosystem, with about 65 percent occurring in the northern portion (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). They range in length from as little as 5 m to as long as 5 km (Schlenger et al., in review).
Impacts of breakwaters and jetties generally depend on their orientation to the shoreline (Schlenger et al., in review). Structures oriented parallel to the shore lead to deposition of sediment on the waveward side, resulting in accretion beaches and a deepening of shoreline channels on the opposite side of the structure. Breakwaters and jetties that are perpendicularly oriented disrupt shoreline sediment and detritus transport processes that maintain the geomorphology of downdrift beaches and coastal embayment boundaries. Breakwaters and jetties erected adjacent to river deltas and coastal embayments also serve to disconnect these aquatic ecosystems from the broader Sound and from one another. The resultant changes in shoreform morphology, connectivity and nutrient and water flows leads to degraded habitat quality for nearshore wildlife and plant communities (Schlenger et al., in review).
Placeholder – potentially positive impacts of breakwaters and jetties providing shelter for wintering bird populations in storms
State: Loss of Wetlands
Through a variety of forms of shoreline modification – particularly armoring and tidal barrier impacts on river deltas and coastal embayments as well as outright filling – significant loss of wetlands has occurred or is occurring along Puget Sound nearshore ecosystems (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). Approximately 53 percent, or 273 km2 out of 514 km2, of historical wetland extent has been lost to these various stressors. Of particular concern are losses of tidal freshwater and oligohaline transitional wetlands: these two wetland classes have lost approximately 93% of the historical extent (Schlenger et al., in review).
Losses of these important coastal ecosystems have significant implications. Ecosystem functions performed by wetlands, such as food and nutrient production, contaminant filtration, breeding and feeding habitat provision, become considerably impaired as wetland area diminishes (Schlenger et al., in review). Wetland losses particularly impact Chinook populations, since these shoreforms provide significant habitat during juvenile growth stages (Bottom et al. 2005; Fresh 2006).
Placeholder – expand discussion of impacts on Chinook
Placeholder – expand overall discussion of the ecological importance of the loss of wetlands
State: Construction of Dams
The number and distribution of dams in the Salish Sea ecosystem is of significant concern in terms of their impacts, which vary as a function of a given dam's position in the watershed and the number of other dams up- and downstream of it (Neuman et al. 2009; Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). A total of 436 dams can be found in the Puget Sound basin, impounding approximately 13,000 km2, or 37 percent, of the total sub-basin drainage area (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review).
By diverting or constraining the flow of water, sediments, nutrients and organic matter, dams prevent transport of materials necessary for the persistence of downstream nearshore ecosystems, particularly in river deltas and coastal embayments (Schlenger et al., in review). Along with upland sources, rivers and streams deliver sediments and organic matter that provide structural integrity to nearshore ecosystems, replenishing materials that are washed away via tides and waves. These materials, as well as nutrient and freshwater inputs, are important for the persistence of downstream plant (e.g., kelp, eelgrass) and animal (e.g., shellfish, juvenile salmon) populations and food web interactions (Schlenger et al., in review). Changes in water flow rates and levels result in water temperature regime changes both in upstream riverine and downstream nearshore ecosystems (Schlenger et al., in review). Significant disruption of native vegetation, soils and hydrologic regimes also occurs in reservoirs upstream of the dams, impacting upland biota and ecosystem functions in ways that then further impact downstream nearshore systems (Schlenger et al., in review).
Placeholder – expanded discussion of dam impacts; include specific discussion of the effects of dams on connectivity, stream temperature, migratory fish, and the timing and levels of flows
State: Construction of Transportation Structures
A number of different classes of transportation structures are found within close proximity to nearshore ecosystems, including railroads, nearshore roads, and stream crossings (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). Roads and railroads occur along 312 and 71 km of Puget Sound shoreline, respectively, comprising almost 10 percent of its total length (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review).
Impacts of these features are analogous to and compounded by the effects of upland impervious surfaces, particularly with respect to changes in hydrology and biogeochemistry and increased contaminant runoff (see "State: Increased Imperviousness" under "Pressure: Land Use/Land Cover Change"). Nearshore transportation corridors and structures contribute to disruptions in upland replenishment of sediment and detritus to beach and embayment shoreforms, particularly through interactive impacts with other shoreline modifications (e.g., armoring, vegetation removal, etc.). Fill material used to bolster transportation routes further alters the geomorphic structure of, and often eliminates, shoreline ecosystems (Schlenger et al., in review). Construction of transportation corridors frequently disrupts connectivity within and among shoreline ecosystems, particularly in the form of overpasses through or over river deltas and embayments. Lastly, increased contaminant loadings occur as a result of nearshore transportation structures, both directly deposited by automobiles and trains and indirectly mobilized via surface water runoff across impervious surfaces (Booth et al. 2002, 2004; Kaye et al. 2006; Krahn et al. 2007; Schlenger et al., in review).
States and Impacts: Cumulative Effects of Shoreline Modifications
As illustrated above, most of the various forms of shoreline modification have comparable impacts on nearshore ecosystems (Schlenger et al., in review): disruption of sediment and detrital transport rates, levels and mechanisms; altered and often simplified estuarine and freshwater flow pathways; increased contaminant levels; and general disruption of nearshore ecosystem functions and resultant habitat degradation. Exacerbating the effects of shoreline modification is the fact that often several of these modification forms co-occur within a given location. In change assessments for the Puget Sound, Strait of Juan de Fuca and Strait of Georgia Basins, 65 percent of drainage catchments include more than one type of modification (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). For example, armoring commonly co-occurs with other stressor types, most frequently accompanying nearshore roads (in 46 percent of catchments). These findings suggest a significant risk of cumulative, synergistic impacts from multiple stressors.
Placeholder – expanded discussion of and citations for cumulative shoreline modification impacts
The uncertainties and knowledge gaps associated with shoreline modification in the Salish Sea ecosystem reflect questions in data availability and quality. In addition to extensively reviewing the forms of shoreline modification and their impacts, the PSNERP Strategic Needs Assessment Report (Schlenger et al., in review) also discuss such uncertainties in detail; we thus present only an overview of this topic.
One source of uncertainty lies in the quality of datasets available for analyzing shoreline modification extent and impacts. A comprehensive analysis covering the extent of shoreline in Salish Sea required compilation of data sets from a variety of sources, each of which includes its own level of accuracy and uncertainty. Inaccuracies are potentially most problematic for historical conditions, for which data are limited at best and require estimating of sedimentation rates and other key shoreline formation processes. Such inaccuracies can of course affect change detection and estimates, but are unavoidable and must therefore simply be taken into consideration as fully as possible.
In addition to those entailed in geographic measurements of the extent of shoreforms and their modification, uncertainties exist in the linkages between state changes and their systemic impacts. Assessment of impacts in Schlenger et al. (in review) and Simenstad et al. (2009) were based on review and synthesis of empirical investigations in peer-reviewed and gray literature. As reflected in our review above, such synthesis provides a qualitative understanding of potential impacts to Salish Sea biota and ecosystem processes; investigations targeted at specific cause-and-effect linkages are necessary to quantify the level of impacts. At the same time, applicability and generalizability of targeted studies to the broader system requires systematic review and evaluation. This requirement is particularly necessary when drawing conclusions from studies that examine causal linkages between shoreform modification and ecological impacts in systems comparable to, but not within, the Salish Sea region.
Lastly, specific scales of analysis may result in biases and uncertainties in estimated state changes and their impacts. PSNERP's assessments of shoreline modification were aggregated at the catchment level as the finest scale of measurement (Simenstad et al. 2009; Schlenger et al., in review). Because such catchments vary in size throughout the region, measures of the extent of shoreline modification that are aggregated to this level can over- or underestimate absolute levels and intensity of modification within a given segment of the watershed. Schlenger et al. (in review) note that refined, more detailed site-level assessments can correct for these uncertainties. Additionally, some level of aggregation – preferably at fine enough scales to capture key biophysical processes such as sediment transport rates (as is true for catchments) – is all but necessary for broader-scale, relative trends that characterize segments of the Salish Sea ecosystem.
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Barrett, N. E. and W. A. Niering. 1993. Tidal marsh restoration: trends in vegetation change using a geographical information system (GIS). Restoration Ecology 1:18-28.
Beamer, E. M., A. McBride, R. Henderson, and K. Wolf. 2003. The importance of non-natal pocket estuaries in Skagit Bay to wild Chinook salmon: an emerging priority for restoration. Skagit River System Cooperative, LaConner, WA.
Bottom, D. L., K. K. Jones, T. J. Cornwell, A. Gray, and C. A. Simenstad. 2005. Patterns of Chinook salmon migration and residency in the Salmon River estuary (Oregon). Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science 64:79-93.
Brockmeyer, J., R.E., J. R. Rey, R. W. Virnstein, R. G. Gilmore, and L. Earnest. 1997. Rehabilitation of impounded estuarine wetlands by hydrologic reconnection to the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (USA). Wetlands Ecology and Management 4:93-109.
Bryant, J. C. and R. H. Chabreck. 1998. Effects of impoundment on vertical accretion of coastal marsh. Estuaries 21:416-422.
Buchanan, J. B. 2006. Nearshore Birds in Puget Sound. Report No. 2006-05, Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership, Seattle, WA.
Canning, D. J. and H. Shipman. 1995. Coastal erosion management studies in Puget Sound, Washington: Executive Summary. Vol. 1. Report #94-74, Water and Shorelands Program, Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
Dennison, W. C. 1987. Effects of light on seagrass photosynthesis, growth and depth distribution. Aquatic Botany 27:15-26.
Derraik, J. G. B. 2002. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44:842-852.
Dethier, M. N. 2006. Native Shellfish in Nearshore Ecosystems of Puget Sound. Report No. 2006-04, Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership, Seattle, WA.
Downing, J. 1983. The Coast of Puget Sound: Its Processes and Development. University of Washington Press, Seattle, WA.
Dugan, J. E. and D. M. Hubbard. 2006. Ecological responses to coastal armoring on exposed sandy beaches. Shore and Beach 74:10-16.
Fresh, K. L. 2006. Juvenile Pacific Salmon in Puget Sound. Report No. 2006-06, Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership, Seattle, Washington.
Griggs, G. B. 2005. The Impacts of Coastal Armoring. Shore and Beach 73:13-22.
Hood, W. G. 2004. Indirect environmental effects of dikes on estuarine tidal channels: Thinking outside of the dike for habitat restoration and monitoring. Estuaries 27:273-282.
Johnson, L. L. and J. T. Landahl. 1993. Contaminant, liver disease, and mortality rates in English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus). Ecology Applications.
Kenworthy, W. J. and D. E. Haunert, editors. 1991. The light requirements of seagrasses: proceedings of a workshop to examine the capability of water quality criteria, standards and monitoring programs to protect seagrasses. NOAA Technical Memorandum, NMFS-SEFC-287, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Beaufort, NC.
McCarthy, S. G., J. P. Incardona, and N. L. Scholz. 2008. Coastal storms, toxic runoff and the sustainable conservation of fish and fisheries. American Fisheries Society Symposium 64:21.
Miles, J. R., P. E. Russell, and D. A. Huntley. 2001. Field measurements of sediment dynamics in front of a seawall. Journal of Coastal Research 17:195-206.
Moore, C. J. 2008. Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, long-term threat. Environmental Research 108:131-139.
Muir, D. C. G. and P. H. Howard. 2006. Are There Other Persistent Organic Pollutants? A Challenge for Environmental Chemists†Environmental Science & Technology 40:7157-7166.
Mumford, T. F. 2007. Kelp and Eelgrass in Puget Sound. Report No. 2007-05, Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership, Seattle, WA.
Neuman, M., D. St. John, and J. Knauer. 2009. Identification, Definition and Rating of Threats to the Recovery of Puget Sound. Puget Sound Partnership, Olympia, WA.
Nightengale, B. J. and C. A. Simenstad. 2001. Overwater Structures: Marine issues. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Penttila, D. 2007. Marine Forage Fishes in Puget Sound. Report No. 2007-03, Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership, Seattle, Washington.
Poston, T. 2001. Treated Wood Issues Associated with Overwater Structures in Marine and Freshwater Environments. Prepared for the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Ecology, and Washington Department of Transportation.
Rice, C. 2006. Effects of shoreline modification on a Northern Puget Sound beach: Microclimate and embryo mortality in surf smelt (Hypomesus pretiosus). Estuaries and Coasts 29:63-71.
Scheuerell, M. D. and D. E. Schindler. 2003. Diel vertical migration by juvenile sockeye salmon: Empirical evidence for the antipredation window. Ecology 84:1713-1720.
Schlenger, P., A. MacLennan, E. Iverson, K. Fresh, C. Tanner, B. Lyons, S. Todd, R. Carman, D. Myers, S. Campbell, and A. Wick. In review. Strategic Needs Assessment Report. Prepared for the Puget Sound Nearshore Ecosystem Restoration Project.
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Sobocinski, K. L. 2003. The Impact of Shoreline Armoring on Supratidal Beach Fauna of Central Puget Sound. Master of Science thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Thom, R. M. 1992. Accretion rates of low intertidal salt marshes in the Pacific Northwest. Wetlands 12:147-156.
Thom, R. M., G. D. Williams, J. D. Toft, S. L. Southard, C. W. May, G. A. McMichael, J. A. Vucelick, J. T. Newell, and J. A. Southard. 2006. Impacts of Ferry Terminals and Ferry Operations on Juvenile Salmon Migrating along Puget Sound Shorelines. Prepared for the Washington State Department of Transportation. Prepared by Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest Division.
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‹ Driver: Climate Change in the Salish Sea Ecosystem up Driver: Intentional and Unintentional Introduction of Invasive and Non-native Species ›


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Costa Coffee brews up Dayforce expansion
The coffee retailer partners with Ceridian to build the global infrastructure to scale its workforce.
Starting the day with a fresh cup of hand-crafted coffee is something that people around the world are familiar with. The smell of coffee can lift spirits on a rainy day and be enjoyed in the company of friends. It is something that is woven into people's daily lives and experiences, and Costa Coffee strives to deliver these experiences to its customers through the values of Passion, Warmth, Trust, and Courage. Costa Coffee's Baristas are trained in the art of making great coffee at Costa Coffee's training academy and share these values through each of the over five million cups of coffee they serve each week.
Costa Coffee's journey started in 1971 when the Costa brothers – Sergio and Bruno – arrived in London from their home country of Italy and brought their Italian verve for coffee with them. Setting up a small roastery, they blind-tested 112 variations of coffee before finding their signature blend – Mocha Italia, which is still used today.
Since their start with a single roastery over 45 years ago, the company has grown to 2,500 retail stores and c. 10,000 express machines in over 35 countries. Costa Coffee is headquartered in the United Kingdom and employs 35,000 people globally. The company's state-of-the-art roastery in Basildon, Essex produces 45,000 tonnes of coffee a year, and uses only the best 1% of the world's coffee beans to ensure quality in every cup.
"One of the things that Costa Coffee has always wanted to do is disrupt the coffee market. We see ourselves as saving our customers from drinking mediocre coffee," says Kate Seljeflot, Costa Coffee's Chief People Officer. One of the ways Costa Coffee has done this is by expanding outside of the traditional retail model with express machines, delivery, in home and ready-to-drink products, making it the total coffee company. This ensures that customers can interact with Costa Coffee in the way that fits best with their daily lives.
Ambition for growth
In 2018, Costa Coffee was acquired by Coca-Cola – the world's largest beverage company. This provided a new opportunity for the company to expand its global reach.
"Our ambition for Costa Coffee is to be the world's best-loved coffee brand," says Seljeflot. "We are aiming to double the size of our business in the next couple of years. We have spent the time since the acquisition refining our strategy and planning how we get to the next level."
This new growth target presents Costa Coffee with the challenge of scaling its workforce quickly enough to keep pace with the expansion. For Seljeflot, it's all about how the company can develop and grow its employees and leaders, to have a sound foundation to build on. "I don't want my team to spend their time worrying about the mechanics of whether we can hire people, pay people, promote people, deliver learning to people. I want my team out there growing our people and our business."
The people who handcraft coffee and deliver customer service to Costa Coffee customers every single day are the beating heart of the brand. It's their skill, dedication, pride and passion on which the brand and customer loyalty are built. With stiff competition in the retail market, Costa Coffee differentiates itself through service.
"The crux of it for us is our people. Keeping them happy and putting a smile on their face when they come to work, transmits to our customers. So, we work very hard to do that," says Jason Hennessey, Central Operations Director.
Costa Coffee recognized that with the growth targets set, the company needed a technology solution to ensure it could scale its workforce efficiently while maintaining the quality of service. "When you're a company of our size, it's important you choose the right partner. Our most expensive and most valuable resource is our people, and it's absolutely crucial that we leverage them effectively."
Engaged employees, satisfied customers
Costa Coffee began its partnership with Ceridian in 2015, and implemented Dayforce for labor planning and workforce management. The company realized that as it grew, it needed a system that could plan and model labor requirements for its growing number of retail locations.
"What Ceridian offers us is a proven global solution and a proven partner that can deliver on all the fronts that we need as a business, throughout the suite of HR management tools," says Hennessey.
Managing the labor planning and scheduling for a large, global company with employees of all ages and roles is no small feat, and with Dayforce, the leadership team at Costa Coffee can make decisions based on data.
Dayforce also helps Costa Coffee give its employees the best experience possible. "One of the things that is at the core of Costa's culture is a desire to constantly innovate and be disruptive in the way we deliver fantastic experiences to our customers," says Seljeflot. "What I really want to achieve is exactly that same level of disruption for our team members around the world. We have been working with Dayforce for a number of years to deliver this, all through a single piece of technology."
Lauren Dent, Store Manager at Costa Coffee, uses Dayforce to better schedule her people. "Before Dayforce, we had schedule issues around tracking employee availability," she says. "Some of our employees are in school, so their availability is not consistent. Notes about availability would often get missed or misplaced, and people would be scheduled when they're not available. Now that we use Dayforce for scheduling, employees can update their availability in the system immediately, helping them to achieve a better work-life balance."
Not only is Costa Coffee's People team able to provide its employees with a better experience, but they have also gained efficiencies around tracking labor hours and compliance, allowing them more time to focus on growing the business.
Adopting efficiencies
Costa Coffee has seen a 100% adoption rate of Dayforce across the retail business, and every employee can access the Dayforce mobile app to manage their availability and scheduling on the go.
Costa Coffee also encourages stores to schedule for the "ideal" hours that are suggested by Dayforce labor planning to maximize the efficiency and service of each location. "Dayforce is really clever in identifying trends week-over-week and it's actually more accurate than I found myself to be. Dayforce really understands our trade patterns and can help find efficiencies in scheduling hour by hour," says Dent.
Not only have managers gained scheduling efficiencies through labor planning, but they have also saved time in creating those schedules. "I used to spend a few days pouring over schedules and trying to work out who was available. Now, this information is available immediately in Dayforce, and I can post schedules within minutes. It gives me time back to spend on my customers and my team," says Dent.
Looking forward, Costa Coffee is planning to implement Dayforce Payroll and HR to further consolidate its systems.
"Extending Dayforce into our core payroll and core HR processes is a massive win for us. Today we run labor management separately from payroll administration, which means we spend an enormous amount of time reconciling labor budgets with payroll budgets," says Seljeflot. "Having one source of data will dramatically simplify our core accounting and compliance processes."
With the scale of growth that Costa Coffee is looking to achieve in the next few years, a solid partnership and technological foundation for managing its most important resource is critical.
"Our ambition truly is to become the world's best-loved coffee brand. To achieve that, we are going to have to grow at an extraordinary rate over the coming years," says Seljeflot. "This is so exciting from a people perspective, because it provides a lot of opportunity to create new roles and bring on new team members. Our partnership with Ceridian enables us to build the global infrastructure that makes this possible. I can't think of many jobs that are more exciting."
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The best HD porn sites on the internet
If you're going to watch porn, why not do it in high definition?
Jacob Lund/Shutterstock (Licensed)
2017-08-12 05:00 am | Last updated 2019-06-07 11:30 am
Warning: This article on paid and free HD porn sites contains sexually explicit content.
It's hard to imagine a time where the only porn you could find was in random magazines left in the woods, slowly loading JPEGs on dial-up internet or DVDs bought from neon-lit stores on the outskirts of town. Now you fulfill almost any fantasy in an instant—and experience it in thrilling clarity thanks to HD porn sites.
Porn in HD makes for a considerable upgrade from your standard tube experience, and while there are plenty of free options out there, the paid subscriptions make it worth your while. Here are the best paid and free HD porn sites.
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The best HD porn sites (Straight)
1) Pornhub Premium
Since its launch in 2007, Pornhub has quickly grown into the largest porn site in America. With over 1,988 pages of free HD videos, you'll never run out of content. Pornhub also offers a $9.99 premium option, which allows users to download HD videos, watch exclusive content, and view with an ad-free experience. You can search for HD only videos in any subcategory on the site, so no matter what you're into you'll be able to find it. For what it's worth, Pornhub has also done some notable charity work, from planting trees to raising funds for breast cancer research and distributing scholarship money for women in STEM.
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2) Brazzers
Photo via Brazzes/Instagram
This Canada-based porn production company won the AVN award for Best Membership Website in 2012, thanks to its wide range of categories and high-quality content. Everything Brazzers has produced has been HD, so you'll never be left looking for hi-def content. With new scenes added every day across its 30-plus subsites, along with some of the biggest names in porn, Brazzers is a leader in new, top-notch pornography. Its content is very heteronormative, so if you're looking to explore any queer kinks, they'll be seen through the male gaze and leave out gay men entirely. Still, from the standpoint of quality, Brazzers is hard to beat. Check out the price of a Brazzer's Membership below.
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3) Babes Network
Photo via Babes
Babes' main focus is hardcore porn starring beautiful women. Focusing on lingerie, perfect skin, and explicit sex, Babes' scenes often start sweet before turning full-on hardcore. With two scenes added per week on average, Babes may not put out as much as other sites, but its high production values and gorgeous models soften the blow. If other HD porn sometimes feels too aggressive for you, Babes is a sweeter alternative.
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4) Reality Kings
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Founded in 2000, Reality Kings is a long-term player in the porn game, releasing a steady flow of "amateur" clips across 47 sites each month. Its brand is raunchy, faux reality-based programming, featuring porn stars often pretending to be first-timers. With sites like "Cum Fiesta," "MILF Hunter," and "Moms Lick Teens" you should know what to expect. If you're looking for hardcore sex with occasionally funny themes, Reality Kings welcome you to its realm.
Monthly access: $29.99
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5) Fucking Awesome
Screengrab via TheFACew/Instagram
FuckingAwesome.com is the only place you can find free 4K Ultra HD porn. There's a new video added every month, and its native video player makes it easy to watch on your big screen via Google Chromecast or Airplay for Apple TV. This is an HD porn site with personality, with behind-the-scenes features and monthly Q&As with porn stars. Of course, there's a slight catch: Only the first month is truly free. After that, it's $9.99 per month, but that's still a great bargain, especially considering the quality of the content.
1 Day Trial: $1.00
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6) YouPorn
Photo via YouPorn/Instagram
While it might seem like YouPorn has the largest selection of HD porn with 6,010 pages available, it's important to remember there's a lot of repetition in those results. Many clips are posted over and over or are only edited segments from other movies. YouPorn is a fast and responsive, but if you've already been looking at Pornhub or RedTube, you aren't going to discover much new. YouPorn also offers a $9.99 a month Premium experience that comes with no ads, high-quality HD porn, and exclusive content.
Much like RedTube and PornHub, you can try YouPorn with a 7 day free porn trial here.
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7) Bright Desire
Photo via Bright Desire/Twitter
Sick of slickly produced, male-centered pornography? Bright Desire is one of the leading spaces for feminist sex-positive pornography online, featuring real-life couples in sensual and artistic films. Combining interviews, hardcore sex, and a focus on pleasure, Bright Desire is a change of pace from the standard barrage of monstrous dicks found on every other porn site. Best of all, Bright Desire's content is all in glorious HD. Even its pricing is progressive, with $22.95 for the first 30 days and just $9.95 a month after that, or one $37.95 lump payment for 90 days of access.
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8) XConfessions
If the content of Bright Desire speaks to you but you want higher production values, consider giving XConfessions a try. All of the content on XConfessions is based on user-submitted fantasies, which you can read and comment on. Hell, you can even submit your confessions in hopes of seeing it lived out on screen. Where XConfessions leaves its competition in the dust is its presentation. XConfessions puts a great deal of thought, love, and care into its HD scenes, and unlike mainstream porn, it never feels performative unless that's the kink. The only problem is XConfessions is expensive. It's $19.95 a month recurring, $99.95 for six months, or $34.95 a month for just one month. Given the site only posts two new films each month, that can be a tall order, but your membership gives you access to its erotic confessions area, downloads of its short films, and unlimited streaming.
Photo via Maty Chevrière/Instagram
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9) Porn.com
Bought for $9.5 million in 2007, Porn.com has one of the most expensive porn domains in history. The new owners have not poured those same resources into their site, making it an occasionally frustrating place to find what you're looking for. However, with 109,539 HD porn videos (at last count) on the site, almost no one has their sheer level of variety. Content and picture quality can be uneven, with some videos saying they're HD when they're not, but you have to accept a certain amount of wiggle room with a site of this magnitude. Out of all the sites on this list, Porn.com is the most likely to redirect you to another site you don't want to go to, so use it as a last resort if somehow you couldn't find what you wanted on the sites above and don't want to pay for one of the options below.
Screengrab via Porn.com
10) xHamster
With 10,200 pages of HD porn, xHamster is a popular destination for a reason. However, where it shines is in its sorting. Like Pornhub, you can go to any category and turn on the HD function to only be shown videos that match your ideal image quality. XHamster has an excellent reputation for amateur content if that's something you're looking for. It also offers a surprising amount of VR porn content. The site's premium section includes a curated section of niche categories, as well as HD/UHD premium video and the ability to purchase any video you like.
Photo via xHamster/Instagram
The best HD porn sites (GAY)
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1) Men.com
When it comes to replicating the experience of a large mainstream porn site, Men.com is the best name in the gay scene. Your membership gets you access to multiple sites (like Big Dicks at School, Drill My Hole, and Gods of Men), along with six other themes ranging from office sex to superheroes. Scenes are shot in crisp HD, with still galleries and extras throughout the site.
2 Day Trial: $2.00 (Billed at $1.00 Per Day)
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# 27 December 2021, 20:00
ST Truiden 2-0 As Eupen
ST Truiden vs As Eupen Summary
Home Win
Away Win
Home Lost
Away Lost
ST Truiden 16 21 20 20 31 233% 466% 315% 654% 545%
As Eupen 11 25 20 30 34 342% 457% 420% 444% 555%
ST Truiden vs As Eupen Head 2 Head
K/O
27 Dec 20:00 20:00, 27 Dec fin
ST Truiden 1
As Eupen 3
14 Aug 16:30 16:30, 14 Aug fin
17 Jul 13:00 13:00, 17 Jul fin
ST Truiden
As Eupen
28 Feb 19:45 19:45, 28 Feb fin
ST Truiden 2 1
As Eupen 4 1
First Division A League table 2021/2022
1 Union Saint-Gilloise 11 7 1 3 23 11 22 10 8 1 1 27 9 25 21 15 2 4 50 20 47 30 2.40
2 Club Brugge 10 5 5 0 22 12 20 11 6 2 3 19 16 20 21 11 7 3 41 28 40 13 2.00
3 Antwerp 10 6 2 2 21 12 20 10 5 2 3 16 12 17 20 11 4 5 37 24 37 13 1.90
4 Anderlecht 10 5 4 1 25 14 19 10 4 4 2 18 12 16 20 9 8 3 43 26 35 17 2.20
5 Charleroi 9 4 2 3 13 9 14 11 6 3 2 25 17 21 20 10 5 5 38 26 35 12 1.90
6 Gent 10 7 1 2 22 11 22 11 3 3 5 11 11 12 21 10 4 7 33 22 34 11 1.60
7 Kortrijk 9 4 3 2 12 10 15 11 4 4 3 14 12 16 20 8 7 5 26 22 31 4 1.30
8 KV Mechelen 10 6 2 2 21 15 20 10 3 1 6 14 22 10 20 9 3 8 35 37 30 -2 1.80
9 Genk 10 4 3 3 20 15 15 11 4 2 5 20 18 14 21 8 5 8 40 33 29 7 1.90
10 Cercle Brugge 11 3 2 6 12 14 11 10 4 2 4 16 14 14 21 7 4 10 28 28 25 0 1.30
11 As Eupen 10 3 3 4 13 17 12 10 4 1 5 17 17 13 20 7 4 9 30 34 25 -4 1.50
12 Oh Leuven 11 4 3 4 14 17 15 9 1 5 3 12 17 8 20 5 8 7 26 34 23 -8 1.30
13 Standard Liege 10 2 3 5 9 16 9 10 4 2 4 13 18 14 20 6 5 9 22 34 23 -12 1.10
14 Zulte-Waregem 11 3 2 6 17 27 11 10 3 3 4 14 18 12 21 6 5 10 31 45 23 -14 1.50
15 Oostende 11 4 1 6 13 27 13 10 3 1 6 10 16 10 21 7 2 12 23 43 23 -20 1.10
16 ST Truiden 10 2 2 6 12 18 8 10 4 1 5 8 13 13 20 6 3 11 20 31 21 -11 1.00
17 RFC Seraing 10 4 1 5 13 16 13 10 2 0 8 10 24 6 20 6 1 13 23 40 19 -17 1.20
18 Beerschot 10 2 0 8 5 13 6 9 0 3 6 10 21 3 19 2 3 14 15 34 9 -19 0.80
ST Truiden Last Games
- - + + 0 ? + + + 0 + 0 - - - + - + + - + 0 0 - - - + + - - - - -
05 Jan 14:30 14:30, 05 Jan canc
Gent 3
Cercle Brugge 2 1
Union Saint-Gilloise 2
27 Nov 15:15 15:15, 27 Nov fin
KV Mechelen 1
30 Oct 18:45 18:45, 30 Oct fin
Club Brugge 3
As Eupen Last Games
- + - - + + - + 0 0 0 + + + - - + + + - - + - 0 - 0 + - + - - +
08 Jan 13:00 13:00, 08 Jan fin
FC Kaiserslautern
KV Mechelen
Beerschot 1
Oostende 1
Zulte-Waregem
Kortrijk 1
Standard Liege 1
ST Truiden Results
As Eupen Results
ST Truiden Goals
As Eupen Goals
ST Truiden Strength
calculated by the robot
As Eupen Strength
ST Truiden Goals (Last 30 games)
Total Scored: 42. Total Conceded: 40
As Eupen Goals (Last 30 games)
ST Truiden Scorers (Last 15 games)
Mory Konate 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Taichi Hara 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
Aboubakary Koita 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2
Christian Bruels 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2
Steve De Ridder 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Yuma Suzuki 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Rocco Reitz 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Toni Leistner 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Dimitri Lavalee 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Ko Matsubara 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Robert Bauer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Lucas Bijker 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Daichi Hayashi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
As Eupen Scorers (Last 15 games)
Smail Prevljak 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 0 2 10
Edo Kayembe 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Emmanuel Agbadou 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
Julien Ngoy 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 2
Andreas Beck 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Jonathan Heris 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Silas Gnaka 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Isaac Nuhu 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Stef Peeters 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Sibiry Keita 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
ST Truiden Bad Boys (Last 30 games)
Robert Bauer 06.11.2021
Toni Leistner 24.10.2021
Rocco Reitz 28.08.2021
Jorge Teixeira 28.02.2021
As Eupen Bad Boys (Last 30 games)
Jordi Amat 03.10.2021
Emmanuel Agbadou 05.04.2021
calculated by the bots
Bot2
ST Truiden 1.33 0.67 1.23 0.62 1.00
As Eupen 1.67 1.83 1.89 1.95 1.88
ST Truiden vs As Eupen
The match21st between ST Truiden и As Eupen took place at Stayen.Turf: Artificial on 27 December 2021, Monday.
The last meeting of these teams took place more than a month ago (14 August 2021) and ended with the victory of As Eupen with a score 2-1.
The most common result of matches between these teams is 1-1. 2 matches have ended with this result.
The distance between the teams in the league table is 4 points.
ST Truiden takes the 16th position in the league table with 21 points. This is the 20th of 34 team game in the tournament.
The difference with the nearest team on top is 2 points (ST Truiden can score 42 points). The distance from the bottom league record is 12 points. The nearest pursuer is 2 points lower and has the opportunity to score 42 points additionally. The goal difference is 20:31. In addition, the ST Truiden offensive line is one of the worst in the tournament.
As Eupen takes the 11th position in the league table with 25 points. This is the 20th of 34 team game in the tournament.
As Eupen has the same number of points with the nearest team on top and can score 42. The distance from the bottom league record is 16 points. The nearest pursuer is 2 points lower and has the opportunity to score 42 points additionally. The goal difference is 30:34.
ST Truiden Stats
The team scored 8 points оn its own field in 10 last matches, with the following results 2 wins, 2 draws and 6 losses. The difference between scored and conceded goals is 12-17. The average number of goals is 1.2. The average number of cards in 10 last matches is 1.9.
Leading players in the last 15 matches in all tournaments: Mory Konate (2), Taichi Hara (2), Aboubakary Koita (2), Christian Bruels (2), Steve De Ridder (1), Yuma Suzuki (1), Rocco Reitz (1).
Sidelined players: Stan Van Dessel
Manager: Bernd Hollerbach
As Eupen Stats
The team scored 12 points when playing away in 10 last matches, with the following results 4 wins, zero draws и 6 losses. The difference between scored and conceded goals is 12-16. The average number of goals is 1.2. The average number of cards in 10 last matches is 2.
Leading players in the last 15 matches in all tournaments: Smail Prevljak (10), Edo Kayembe (2), Emmanuel Agbadou (2), Julien Ngoy (2), Andreas Beck (1), Jonathan Heris (1), Silas Gnaka (1).
Manager: Stefan Kramer
1 October 2021, 10:39 mirror.co.uk Takehiro Tomiyasu has emerged as an unlikely gem in the Arsenal XI, but this comes as no surprise to his former sporting director who claims he has a " Cristiano Ronaldo mentality". 29 September 2021, 05:26 sportsmole.co.uk After contrasting starts to the group stage, Genk and Dinamo Zagreb will square off in the second round of Europa League fixtures on Thursday. 19 September 2021, 21:54 goal.com The Ghana and Nigeria stars came off the bench to turn around Sunday's league match in favour of John van den Brom's side 17 September 2021, 13:25 bundesliga.com Combative VfB Stuttgart captain Wataru Endo has become an indispensable cog in coach Pellegrino Matarazzo's machine, rivalling the likes of Bayern Munich's Joshua Kimmich and Wolfsburg's Maximilian Arnold as one of the Bundesliga's top midfielders. 31 August 2021, 21:46 mirror.co.uk Arsenal have signed Japanese defender Takehiro Tomiyasu from Serie A side Bologna, with the 22-year-old boosting Mikel Arteta's defensive ranks at the Emirates. 7 August 2021, 17:42 sportsmole.co.uk Tottenham Hotspur are hopeful of completing a deal for Bologna centre-back Takehiro Tomiyasu next week, according to a report. 26 July 2021, 07:51 goal.com The 24-year-old Harambee Star featured for the entire 90 minutes on his debut as Gent suffered a first defeat of the season 11 July 2021, 16:42 sportsmole.co.uk Arsenal are reportedly not currently in the race to sign Bologna centre-back Takehiro Tomiyasu. 1 July 2021, 17:27 sportsmole.co.uk Manchester United could reportedly battle Tottenham Hotspur for the signature of Bologna centre-back Takehiro Tomiyasu during this summer's transfer window. 27 June 2021, 11:34 sportsmole.co.uk Tottenham Hotspur are reportedly confident about their chances of sealing a deal for Bologna centre-back Takehiro Tomiyasu. 20 August 2020, 07:00 goal.com The former Kaizer Chiefs midfield maestro believes the gifted attacker sets a good example for youngsters to follow 16 August 2020, 23:44 goal.com The 21-year-old winger has lauded his team's attitude following their comprehensive victory over the Pandas in Sunday's Belgian elite division game 16 August 2020, 21:27 goal.com The Senegal international scored a second-half double as the Blue-Black cruised to a big away win against Benat San Jose's men 16 August 2020, 18:24 goal.com The Witbank-born player helped the Purple and White record their maiden win of the campaign 25 June 2020, 20:50 goal.com The Zimbabwe international forward has agreed to extend his deal which will keep him at the Belgian First Division A outfit until the end of next term 6 June 2020, 07:38 goal.com The Citizens boss has opened up about his relationship with the former Sint-Truidense VV assistant coach 23 May 2020, 09:58 goal.com The veteran player representative says there is no club that has approached them for the Zimbabwe international 19 May 2020, 18:19 goal.com The Buffalos have started preparation for the 2020-21 season by adding the 26-year-old attacker to their books 3 April 2020, 14:34 marca.com With only one match of the season remaining, Belgium are set to become the first country to cancel their domestic league due to the coronavirus pandemic. 12 March 2020, 18:26 leaguelane.com With only one spot left in the Championship promotion group, Anderlecht will need the win at any cost to get ahead of Genk and Mechelen. 26 February 2020, 09:20 leaguelane.com KV Mechelen have been hit by a sharp decline in form on the road. With the visitors failing to secure the bragging rights in the reverse fixture as well, St Truiden are in contention to complete a double over them this week. 20 February 2020, 20:20 leaguelane.com Even though team is playing really good lately, KAA Gent are still failing to reduce the gap from table leaders Club Brugge and get more involved into the title race. 12 February 2020, 16:31 leaguelane.com Even though there are more than two months left to be played in First Division A, it is almost certain that Cercle Brugge are hardly going to avoid relegation this season. 11 February 2020, 16:24 leaguelane.com Gent are one of the best teams in the competition, and their placing in the second position of the table is ample justification for the claim. 6 February 2020, 12:18 leaguelane.com Eupen have not picked up back to back victories on the road since late October. With St Truiden unbeaten at home in their past two matchups, the visitors are in line to drop points this weekend. 13 January 2020, 08:20 goal.com The Ivorian forward completed a permanent switch to the Middle East that will keep him in Doha until the summer of 2023 24 December 2019, 12:56 leaguelane.com Beveren will try to make the most of this home game, after their inspiring win against a team from the top tier (Standard Liege) the last match-day. 20 December 2019, 16:31 leaguelane.com With their overall league performance lately, Royal Antwerp is the favorite despite visiting St. Truiden at Stayen. 16 December 2019, 13:27 leaguelane.com It will be a tight encounter likely with both teams scoring at Regenboogstadion since both Zulte Waregem and Sporting Charleroi are coming off from a good form recently. 13 December 2019, 07:39 leaguelane.com KV Mechelen have not tasted success here for the past seven years on the trot. Given that Club Brugge have been reiterating their desire to stay at the top, with back to back victories in the league, the odds are certainly not looking good for the visitors this Sunday.


text:
Shop Indie eBooks
Ruin Me
by Casey Hagen Casey Hagen
LEND ME® See Details
4.99 In Stock
What do you get when you bring a playboy football star with a tarnished reputation into this librarian's reserved world?
A chance for him to fix the tattered life he has, by crashing into hers.
Ryker Christiansen lives on the edge of ruin.
His football contract is hanging by a thread.
Haunted by too many nights partying, and blatant evidence of his wild escapades.
There's only one chance for him to save his @ss.
He's got to preen for the media, and drive the Bookmobile.
He's got to take orders from a librarian.
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Ryker has to keep it in his pants long enough to show her he's changed.
Then and only then will he get to show her his world.
Teach her how to play his game.
In this battle of chaste versus wicked, Ryker doesn't want to lose, but if he wins he'll forfeit the only woman who sees through his game.
BN ID:
Hagen Novels, LLC
USA Today Bestselling author Casey Hagen takes her pen and jabs it straight into the heart of her readers. Sometimes penning romantic suspense, sometimes lighter stories, every single one of her books holds a hint of angst and romance that will leave you panting for more.
Born and raised in New England, she's got Ben & Jerry's beating in her heart, and real Vermont maple syrup dripping through her veins.
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Yogi Bhajan cult calls Sheriff to keep a Gursikh from speaking at Sikh youth camp in Yuba City, ask SikhNet, Why?
Yogi Bhajan cult calls Sheriff to keep a Gursikh from speaking at Sikh youth camp, ask SikhNet, Why?
Are Yogi Bhajan followers so cowardly on facing questions from Sikhs, they feel it necessary to call the Sheriff to protect them from questions about SikhNet's tantric / kundalini yoga practices & idol worship which are against the Sikh code of conduct?
I had an interesting conversation with my local Sheriff here in Yuba City today. It seems some Yogi Bhajan followers who are sponsoring the Khalsa Youth Camp in Yuba City, sent pictures from my facebook page to the Sutter County Sheriff which show me (Gursant Singh) shooting a match rifle, implying that I am a threat to Yogi Bhajan's Khalsa youth Camp. I have a license to carry a handgun but that's no reason to call the Sheriff & keep me from attending Khalsa Camp in Yuba City. It seems SikhNet would rather have tantric yogis teaching Khalsa youth than proper Gursikhs who are trained in self defense with handguns & weapons. By SikhNet's logic anyone else could walk into their Gurdwara armed to the teeth but SikhNet in all its wisdom excludes a Gursikh who has an excellent record with self defense & proper use of firearms.
The videos & event I created say I only want to confront the Yogi Bhajan followers with "tuff questions" about why SikhNet is misrepresenting the Sikh religion at the Khalsa Youth Camp here in Yuba City.


text:
Aquatic Ecology (18)
Zoonotic Ecology (3)
Natural Resources Management (1)
Linnaeus University Centres
Project: Don-Alex Does dissolved organic nitrogen from decaying vegetation fuel toxic dinoflagellate blooms in coastal waters of the Baltic Sea?
Project: Impact of harmful cyanobacteria on coastal fish recruitment In the project CYANOFISH we hypothesize that fish exposed to high levels of cyanobacteria ( (exposed bays) are more tolerant than…
Project: Focusing on Temperature and Salinity Changes in Cyanobacteria Rising water temperatures, due to global warming, has been suggested to be beneficial for phytoplankton, especially…
Algoland: Biological Solutions to Clean Air and Clean Water The Algoland project finds sustainable solutions to societal challenges. With Linnaeus University at its core, Algoland encompasses a…
Project: Social structure and ageing in social mole-rats It has been suggested that social mole-rats may be organised in permanent, distinct castes that differ in behaviour and longevity, suggesting…
Project: Why do animals in the Baltic Sea display symptoms of starvation when there is plenty of food? Every year massive algal blooms occur in the Baltic Sea. Despite the surplus of food many…
Project: Facilitating blue growth with open courses by utilizing R&D products and virtual mobility (FOCUS) FOCUS aims to enable the exchange of knowledge and transfer of good practice from the R&D…
Zooplankton Ecology We carry out research in aquatic ecology studying food web transfer of micronutrients as well as adaptations among plankton to climate change and exposure to ultraviolet radiation…
Ecochange: Ecosystem dynamics in the Baltic Sea in a changing climate perspective Ecochange is a research programme, which intends to estimate and predict the climate change responses of the Baltic…
Ecological chemistry group The research subject of the Ecological chemistry group is to study how insects communicate by chemical signaling.
Evolutionary Ecology The overriding aim of evolutionary ecology research is to enhance our knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of genetic, functional, ecological and evolutionary mechanisms…
Project: Cascading effects of drought on farming/grazing and farmland biodiversity The impacts of drought and grazing on farmland biodiversity and productivity have seldom been studied in semi-natural…
Marine phytoplankton ecology and applications Our research team works within the complex and fascinating world of phytoplankton, and studies the role of bio- and chemical interactions among marine…
Marine microbiology The research group Marine microbiology carries out research on the biodiversity, ecology, physiology, genomics and genetics of marine bacteria.
Linnaeus University Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems The research that is carried out at the Linnaeus University Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial model Systems…
Linnaeus Microbial Observatory (LMO) The Linnaeus Microbial Observatory (LMO) is a time-series in the Baltic Sea Proper and the core of many research projects in microbial oceanography at Linnaeus…
Project: Constraining past variations in the global biogeochemical silica cycle Silica biomineralization in the oceans has affected evolutionary competition for dissolved Si, and this has resulted in…
Project: Population genetics and diversity of aquatic protists across habitats and eucaryotic clades Our team is a member of this network, which aim is to foster collaboration around the Baltic Sea…
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