text:
CSRMinute: DSM Named #1 in Chemical Industry Sector in Dow Jones Sustainability World Index; Unilever Launches Sustainable Living Plan
CSRMinute: DSM Named #1 in Chemical Industry in Dow Jones Index; Unilever's Sustainable Living Plan http://3bl.me/f5nnnd
TheCSRminute is your daily video digest of the most relevant Corporate Social Responsible news of the day. Our team of 3BL Media correspondents tracks the global world of corporate social responsibility to bring you coverage of the most important announcements, initiatives, issues, trends, ideas, and breaking news.
Friday, November 19, 2010 - 11:45am
CONTENT: Press Release
This CSR Minute is sponsored by McKesson. For information about McKesson's corporate citizenship, please visit www.mckesson.com/corporatecitizenship.
Hello, I'm Emily Polk, and these are your CSR Minute headlines for Friday, November 19th:
DSM, the Dutch life and materials sciences company, has been named to the Number One position in the chemical industry sector in the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index. After initial publication of the 2010 scores in September, SAM, the Swiss sustainability investment boutique that compiles the Dow Jones Indexes, reviewed the scores and has announced a reassessment that puts DSM at the top of the list, as it had been listed in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2009. In 2007 and 2008 the company ranked among the top leader in the sector.
Unilever has launched its Sustainable Living Plan, a program that sets out over 50 social, economic, and environmental targets. They include goals to cut in half green house gas emissions, water, and waste used by the company in its direct operations and also by its suppliers and consumers. Other key goals include sourcing 100 percent of its agricultural raw materials sustainably, making safe drinking water available by extending sales of its low-cost, in-home water purifier, and working with Oxfam, the Rainforest Alliance, and other nonprofits to link over 500,000 smallholder farmers and small-scale distributors into its supply chain.
For more information on these and other stories, go to thecsrminute.com.


Cinnamon is the leading AI consultant and product developer to global corporations. We're working closely to top players in the world to transform how business operates in the future.
By releasing Flax Scanner, Lapis Engine and Scuro Bot, we're creating a new generation of business automation which will disrupt multiple industries in the near future. Business 4.0 will no longer be just imagination.
Cinnamon's business is rapidly growing after releasing our products on February 2017. Cinnamon has met over 700 companies from top large corporations in Asian. We expect to close 1.5 to 2.5 million USD deals in the next one year with the current organic growth.


Ravello sketchbooks, named after the tranquil town of Ravello situated up on a mountain overlooking the coast from Maiori to Amalfi. The sketchbooks are hand-made from genuine Italian, variegated leather. All come with high-quality decored edge fabriano paper and a thin leather strap wrapped around the sketchbook for closure. We supply different sizes of the Ravello sketchbooks which can be embossed by one of our experts to personalise your sketchbook down to the last page.


text:
The Royal Forums > Reigning Houses > British Royals
Questions about British Styles and Titles
Page 172 of 234 « First < 72 122 162 170 171 172 173 174 182 222 > Last »
Mbruno
Location: Pittsburgh, United States
Originally Posted by Pranter
I found that earlier...nothing about a remainder though? Since it's not stated then assume there isn't /wasn't one?
Wasn't sure that one was complete?
LaRae
Those particular LPs were not about creating Edward Duke of Windsor, but rather about granting him the right to continue using the style of HRH, while denying that style at the same time to his wife , which BTW confirms that the King can override common law when it comes to royal titles and styles.
Iluvbertie
Location: Bathurst, Australia
That link is to the LPs allowing Edward to keep HRH Prince and deny them to Wallis.
It isn't the link to the creation of the title Duke of Windsor - which I don't think I have ever seen anywhere.
My apologies, Pranter. I didn't look closely enough at it before sharing. I'm blaming the lack of a morning tea.
Pranter
No worries Ish...I've only had one so far myself and may not be clear!
Thanks Bertie and Mbruno! So what are we to assume about any offspring David had (pretend he had a son)..no transfer?
The fact that George VI denied any children HRH specifically would suggest that he also would have limited the title, Duke of Windsor to Edward only.
I seem to remember reading that somewhere sometime - that it was for his use only - but I may be confusing the HRH with the Duke of Windsor title so don't hold me to that one.
It would be great to be able to see the LPs and see if there was a remainder or whether this was, effectively, only a life peerage.
I wonder why the LP's (for the creation of Windsor) for this aren't available to be seen....
Gawin
Location: Bellevue, United States
We also discussed this in the Duke and Duchess of Windsor forum. According to documents on the Heraldica website, Geoffrey Ellis (Counsel to the Crown in Peerage and Honours claims), who had seen the LP, wrote:
"The Crown has created him Duke of Windsor, to him and the heirs male of his body...."
See my original post #1912 for the Heraldica link:
Duke and Duchess of Windsor (1894-1972) and (1895-1986)
Thanks Gawin!
That is a link to the correspondence and includes reference to the draft LPs but doesn't actually include the LPs themselves.
There is no reason to assume they are different but then again they may be.
You're welcome. We also discussed the fact that no subsidiary titles were given to the Duke of Windsor. He was created Duke of Windsor and nothing else.
Originally Posted by Iluvbertie
That's true. My point was the link includes correspondence from Geoffrey Ellis, Counsel to the Crown in Peerage and Honours claims from 1922 to 1954.
Ellis made the statement "The Crown has created him Duke of Windsor, to him and the heirs male of his body."
Because he was a Counsel to the Crown I assume Ellis wouldn't have stated that unless he knew it for a fact.
wbenson
Location: -, United States
I think there would have had to have been a remainder. I believe one of the concerns was getting him in the House of Lords, so as to make him ineligible to stand for election, and at the time, the House of Lords did not recognize recipients of non-hereditary peerages (as decided in the Wensleydale Peerage Case) unless they were judges appointed to be "Lords of Appeal in Ordinary" (a category created by law, to overrule the Wensleydale case, but only for those judges).
Tatiana Maria
Royal Highness
Location: St Thomas, U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
As monarch, Queen Elizabeth II has as a rule addressed titleless married women with their husband's first name as well as last name.
For example, in the update on the bridesmaids and page boys in 2011, all of the titleless mothers were Mrs. (Husband's first name) (Husband's last name).
https://www.royal.uk/update-maid-hon...-and-page-boys
(Aged 3 daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Hugh van Cutsem)
(Aged 3 daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harry Lopes)
(Aged 10 son of Mr. and Mrs. Jamie Lowther-Pinkerton)
(Aged 10 son of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Pettifer)
However, in the update on the bridesmaids and page boys today, all of the mothers are Mrs. (Her first name) (Husband's last name).
https://www.royal.uk/bridesmaids-and...-meghan-markle
(Aged 3 – goddaughter of Prince Harry, daughter of Mrs. Alice van Cutsem and Major Nicholas van Cutsem)
(Aged 6 – goddaughter of Ms. Markle, daughter of Mrs. Benita Litt and Mr. Darren Litt)
(Aged 4 – daughter of Mrs. Jessica Mulroney and Mr. Benedict Mulroney)
(Aged 2 – goddaughter of Prince Harry, daughter of Mrs. Zoe Warren and Mr. Jake Warren)
(Aged 6 – godson of Prince Harry, son of Mrs. Amanda Dyer and Mr. Mark Dyer M.V.O.)
(Aged 7 – son of Mrs. Jessica Mulroney and Mr. Benedict Mulroney)
I wonder whether the announcement today will be the exception or a lasting change to Elizabeth II's rules regarding married women. Will she allow Princess Eugenie of York to be addressed as Princess Eugenie, Mrs. Brooksbank rather than Princess Eugenie, Mrs. Jack Brooksbank after the wedding in October?
Gem7
Location: Sonoran Desert, United States
If Harry and Meg have a son, will he be known as The Earl of Dumbarton?
Lumutqueen
Location: Middlewich, United Kingdom
Originally Posted by Gem7
If Harry and Meg have a son, will he be known as The Earl or Dumbarton?
Very likely, yes. It would be Prince X, Earl of Dumbarton. That's unless the chose to do the George thing, and let him be known as Prince George of Cambridge.
Nice Nofret
Location: Zürich, Switzerland
not The Earl of.. but Earl of..
THE Earl is Harry.
LauraS3514
Location: Silicon Valley, United States
There are three scenarios:
1. The Queen declares that the children of The Duke and Duchess of Sussex will be HRH Prince/Princess. British Royal Highnesses do not use courtesy titles otherwise George would be known as Earl of Strathearn. Their eldest son would be HRH Prince FirstName of Sussex.
2. The Queen does nothing, so Harry and Meghan's children are born with the styles of a Duke's children, i.e. Lord and Lady. In that case, their eldest son would be Earl of Dumbarton with siblings Lord/Lady FirstName Mountbatten-Windsor until Charles becomes King and the 1917 Letters Patent come into effect for Harry's children, and they are elevated to HRH Prince/Princess. Their eldest son would then stop using Dumbarton and become HRH Prince FirstName of Sussex.
3. Harry and Meghan go the Wessex route and their son is never "HRH Prince FirstName of Sussex." He would then be Earl of Dumbarton, and other siblings Lord and Lady.
Thanks for the answers. I hated Dumbarton at first glance, but it's starting to grow on me already. It's such a ... different name. lol
Originally Posted by Lumutqueen
That's not quite right.
If born in the reign of the Queen, Harry and Meghan's eldest son will be Xxx, Earl of Dumbarton (under the current LPs). If new LPs are issued, or during the reign of Charles, then he will become Prince Xxx of Sussex. A courtesy title (in this case Earl of Dumbarton) is only used if you don't have your own title (in this case Prince Xxx of Sussex).
royal_enthusiast
Location: Somewhere in the U.K, United Kingdom
What would happen if a Queen Consort divorces the King, what would her title be?
british royal family, consort, duke of york, kate, princess beatrice, queenmother, spouse, styles and titles, titles uk styles
« On This Day: British Royal Family | - »
Denville, Lady Chiara, Pranter
Diana's Styles and Titles florawindsor Diana, Princess of Wales (1961-1997) 894 11-27-2019 12:04 AM
Non-British Styles and Titles Lord Sosnowitz Royal Ceremony and Protocol 782 10-28-2019 08:29 AM
Titles and Styles of Harry, his Future Wife and Children Aussie Princess The Duke and Duchess of Sussex and Family 1897 11-29-2017 04:13 AM
Styles and Titles Nahla10 Ruling Family of Dubai 50 06-02-2017 03:28 PM
Abdication Beatrix and Inauguration WA: Titles, Names, Succession, Precedence Princess Robijn King Willem-Alexander, Queen Máxima and family 67 05-24-2013 04:14 PM
Wessex Family Picture Thread
General News about Frederik, Mary...
HIM Empress Farah Pahlavi (1938- )...
Savoy and Savoy-Aosta: Restoration,...
alqasimi aristocracy armenia belgian royal family castles charles of wales chittagong clarence house countess of snowdon cover-up crown crown prince hussein crown prince hussein's future wife crown princess victoria current events cyprus danish history denmark duchess of sussex duke of cambridge duke of sussex dutch dutch history dutch royal family french revolution future genealogy germany henry v house of bourbon house of glucksburg house of grimaldi house of orange-nassau house of saxe-coburg and gotha jumma kent kiko king philippe languages lithuanian castles marriage mbs meghan markle monaco christening monarchist monarchy monogram naples nelson mandela bay nobel 2019 norwegian royal family official visit palaces palestine potential areas prince charles prince harry prince of wales rania of jordan romanov family shakespeare south korea spanish royal startling new evidence state visit sweden swedish royal family united kingdom usa windy city

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Choose the date
Duodo Palace Hotel - Venice
Duodo Palace Hotel
Biennale Architettura
17th International Architecture Exhibition
The 17th International Architecture Exhibition, titled How will we live together?, curated by Hashim Sarkis and organized by La Biennale di Venezia, will be open to the public from Saturday 22nd May 2021 to Sunday 21st November 2021.
The Exhibition will be articulated between the Central Pavilion at the Giardini, the Arsenale, and Forte Marghera, including 112 Participants coming from 46 Countries with increased representation from Africa, Latin America, and Asia, 62 National Participations , 4 of which are participating for the first time at the Biennale Architettura (Republic of Azerbaijan, Grenada, Iraq and Uzbekistan), and 17 Collateral Events approved by the Curator and promoted by non-profit national and international bodies and institutions
The architects invited to partecipate, are encouraged to include other professions and constituencies—artists, builders, and craftspeople, but also politicians, journalists, social scientists, and everyday citizens, with the aim of giving answers to the new kinds of problems that the world is putting in front of architecture: the role of public space in recent urban uprisings; new reconstruction methods; new challenges that climate change is putting in front of architecture; the changing forms of collective housing across the globe; the Architecture of Education and the Education of the Architect; the relationship between curation and architecture.
Finally the Weekends on Architecture will supplement the curatorial programme for the Exhibition, through a series of lectures and panels that will bring together architects and scholars from around the world to address the question How will we live together?
Prestige Hotel
Dimore d'Epoca
Access from canal
Duodo Palace Srl - C.F./P.I. 03294320274
San Marco, Calle Minelli 1887-1888, 30124 Venice
Tel. +39 041 5203329 - Fax +39 041 2415940 - info@duodopalacehotel.com
Duodo Palace Hotel © 2000- Hotel Marketing by Nozio Business | Cookies/Copyright/IP Policy - Privacy
We use cookies to give you the best experience on our site. By using the website you agree to the use of cookies including third party. Cookies info
Duodo Palace s.r.l.
San Marco – Calle Minelli, 1887/1888 - 30124 Venezia
Iscrizione al Registro delle Imprese di Venezia n. VE - 296157
Capitale sociale I.V. euro 20.000,00


Sof Omar, a tiny Muslim village in Bale (south east of Ethiopia), is the site of an amazing complex of natural caves, cut by the Weyb River as it found its way from the nearby mountains. The settlement, which is a religious site, is named after a local Sheikh. Armed with torches and an official map, visitors to Sof Omar Cave make their way underground, far into the bowels of the earth, beside a subterranean stream, and there can see an extraordinary number of arched portals, high eroded ceilings and deep echoing chambers.


text:
#pragma once
#include <aws/rds/RDS_EXPORTS.h>
#include <aws/rds/RDSRequest.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/memory/stl/AWSString.h>
#include <aws/core/utils/memory/stl/AWSVector.h>
#include <aws/rds/model/Tag.h>
#include <utility>

namespace Aws
{
namespace RDS
{
namespace Model
{

  /**
   *

See Also:
   AWS
   * API Reference

   */
  class AWS_RDS_API CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest : public RDSRequest
  {
  public:
    CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest();

    // Service request name is the Operation name which will send this request out,
    // each operation should has unique request name, so that we can get operation's name from this request.
    // Note: this is not true for response, multiple operations may have the same response name,
    // so we can not get operation's name from response.
    inline virtual const char* GetServiceRequestName() const override { return "CreateDBSubnetGroup"; }

    Aws::String SerializePayload() const override;

  protected:
    void DumpBodyToUrl(Aws::Http::URI& uri ) const override;

  public:

    /**
     *
The name for the DB subnet group. This value is stored as a lowercase
     * string.

Constraints:

Must contain no more than 255
     * letters, numbers, periods, underscores, spaces, or hyphens.

     *
Must not be default.

First character must be a letter.

     *

Example: mydbsubnetgroup

     */
    inline const Aws::String& GetDBSubnetGroupName() const{ return m_dBSubnetGroupName; }

    /**
     *
The name for the DB subnet group. This value is stored as a lowercase
     * string.

Constraints:

Must contain no more than 255
     * letters, numbers, periods, underscores, spaces, or hyphens.

     *
Must not be default.

First character must be a letter.

     *

Example: mydbsubnetgroup

     */
    inline bool DBSubnetGroupNameHasBeenSet() const { return m_dBSubnetGroupNameHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
The name for the DB subnet group. This value is stored as a lowercase
     * string.

Constraints:

Must contain no more than 255
     * letters, numbers, periods, underscores, spaces, or hyphens.

     *
Must not be default.

First character must be a letter.

     *

Example: mydbsubnetgroup

     */
    inline void SetDBSubnetGroupName(const Aws::String& value) { m_dBSubnetGroupNameHasBeenSet = true; m_dBSubnetGroupName = value; }

    /**
     *
The name for the DB subnet group. This value is stored as a lowercase
     * string.

Constraints:

Must contain no more than 255
     * letters, numbers, periods, underscores, spaces, or hyphens.

     *
Must not be default.

First character must be a letter.

     *

Example: mydbsubnetgroup

     */
    inline void SetDBSubnetGroupName(Aws::String&& value) { m_dBSubnetGroupNameHasBeenSet = true; m_dBSubnetGroupName = std::move(value); }

    /**
     *
The name for the DB subnet group. This value is stored as a lowercase
     * string.

Constraints:

Must contain no more than 255
     * letters, numbers, periods, underscores, spaces, or hyphens.

     *
Must not be default.

First character must be a letter.

     *

Example: mydbsubnetgroup

     */
    inline void SetDBSubnetGroupName(const char* value) { m_dBSubnetGroupNameHasBeenSet = true; m_dBSubnetGroupName.assign(value); }

    /**
     *
The name for the DB subnet group. This value is stored as a lowercase
     * string.

Constraints:

Must contain no more than 255
     * letters, numbers, periods, underscores, spaces, or hyphens.

     *
Must not be default.

First character must be a letter.

     *

Example: mydbsubnetgroup

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithDBSubnetGroupName(const Aws::String& value) { SetDBSubnetGroupName(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
The name for the DB subnet group. This value is stored as a lowercase
     * string.

Constraints:

Must contain no more than 255
     * letters, numbers, periods, underscores, spaces, or hyphens.

     *
Must not be default.

First character must be a letter.

     *

Example: mydbsubnetgroup

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithDBSubnetGroupName(Aws::String&& value) { SetDBSubnetGroupName(std::move(value)); return *this;}

    /**
     *
The name for the DB subnet group. This value is stored as a lowercase
     * string.

Constraints:

Must contain no more than 255
     * letters, numbers, periods, underscores, spaces, or hyphens.

     *
Must not be default.

First character must be a letter.

     *

Example: mydbsubnetgroup

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithDBSubnetGroupName(const char* value) { SetDBSubnetGroupName(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
The description for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline const Aws::String& GetDBSubnetGroupDescription() const{ return m_dBSubnetGroupDescription; }

    /**
     *
The description for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline bool DBSubnetGroupDescriptionHasBeenSet() const { return m_dBSubnetGroupDescriptionHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
The description for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline void SetDBSubnetGroupDescription(const Aws::String& value) { m_dBSubnetGroupDescriptionHasBeenSet = true; m_dBSubnetGroupDescription = value; }

    /**
     *
The description for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline void SetDBSubnetGroupDescription(Aws::String&& value) { m_dBSubnetGroupDescriptionHasBeenSet = true; m_dBSubnetGroupDescription = std::move(value); }

    /**
     *
The description for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline void SetDBSubnetGroupDescription(const char* value) { m_dBSubnetGroupDescriptionHasBeenSet = true; m_dBSubnetGroupDescription.assign(value); }

    /**
     *
The description for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithDBSubnetGroupDescription(const Aws::String& value) { SetDBSubnetGroupDescription(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
The description for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithDBSubnetGroupDescription(Aws::String&& value) { SetDBSubnetGroupDescription(std::move(value)); return *this;}

    /**
     *
The description for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithDBSubnetGroupDescription(const char* value) { SetDBSubnetGroupDescription(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline const Aws::Vector<Aws::String>& GetSubnetIds() const{ return m_subnetIds; }

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline bool SubnetIdsHasBeenSet() const { return m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline void SetSubnetIds(const Aws::Vector<Aws::String>& value) { m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet = true; m_subnetIds = value; }

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline void SetSubnetIds(Aws::Vector<Aws::String>&& value) { m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet = true; m_subnetIds = std::move(value); }

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithSubnetIds(const Aws::Vector<Aws::String>& value) { SetSubnetIds(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithSubnetIds(Aws::Vector<Aws::String>&& value) { SetSubnetIds(std::move(value)); return *this;}

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& AddSubnetIds(const Aws::String& value) { m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet = true; m_subnetIds.push_back(value); return *this; }

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& AddSubnetIds(Aws::String&& value) { m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet = true; m_subnetIds.push_back(std::move(value)); return *this; }

    /**
     *
The EC2 Subnet IDs for the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& AddSubnetIds(const char* value) { m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet = true; m_subnetIds.push_back(value); return *this; }

    /**
     *
Tags to assign to the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline const Aws::Vector<Tag>& GetTags() const{ return m_tags; }

    /**
     *
Tags to assign to the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline bool TagsHasBeenSet() const { return m_tagsHasBeenSet; }

    /**
     *
Tags to assign to the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline void SetTags(const Aws::Vector<Tag>& value) { m_tagsHasBeenSet = true; m_tags = value; }

    /**
     *
Tags to assign to the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline void SetTags(Aws::Vector<Tag>&& value) { m_tagsHasBeenSet = true; m_tags = std::move(value); }

    /**
     *
Tags to assign to the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithTags(const Aws::Vector<Tag>& value) { SetTags(value); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Tags to assign to the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& WithTags(Aws::Vector<Tag>&& value) { SetTags(std::move(value)); return *this;}

    /**
     *
Tags to assign to the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& AddTags(const Tag& value) { m_tagsHasBeenSet = true; m_tags.push_back(value); return *this; }

    /**
     *
Tags to assign to the DB subnet group.

     */
    inline CreateDBSubnetGroupRequest& AddTags(Tag&& value) { m_tagsHasBeenSet = true; m_tags.push_back(std::move(value)); return *this; }

  private:

    Aws::String m_dBSubnetGroupName;
    bool m_dBSubnetGroupNameHasBeenSet;

    Aws::String m_dBSubnetGroupDescription;
    bool m_dBSubnetGroupDescriptionHasBeenSet;

    Aws::Vector<Aws::String> m_subnetIds;
    bool m_subnetIdsHasBeenSet;

    Aws::Vector<Tag> m_tags;
    bool m_tagsHasBeenSet;
  };

} // namespace Model
} // namespace RDS
} // namespace Aws

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Regardless, if you are building a new home from scratch or replacing an existing roof, you are going to have to choose what materials you want to use. You have probably already discovered from a roofer in Bronx NY there are a wide variety of materials readily available including asphalt, slate, composite shingles, clay, concrete, and even wood. While the style is a very important consideration, it is not the only one that you have to make. You also have to consider the installation requirements, cost, product cost, and the weight of the material.
Yes, the whole process probably already seems daunting, but don't fret, because below you will find a guide that will help you through all of these considerations.
For most homeowners the starting point of a new roof is the cost of the materials. However, if you are replacing an existing roof there are other cost considerations that must be made. It might be possible that the structure needs to be replaced, as well. Of course, this is going to cost you more money, but it something that cannot be half done or overlooked if you want to ensure the integrity of your home. This might play an important factor in what type of materials you use. Maybe you had clay tiles set in mind, but now that you found out you are going to have to spend thousands more to replace the structure, you might want to go with a cheaper material like shingles.
The shape of the roof is also something else that you have to factor into the price. If you have a simple roof with one chimney this can make for an easy job for any roofer in Bronx NY. However, if your roof is more complex with several chimneys, rooflines, and skylights this can affect the cost.
Another important factor that you need to be aware of is, not every type of roofing material can be used on every roof. For instance, a flat roof with a small slope might require a different material that a roof with a steeper pitch. Some roofing materials like slate and tile can carry quite the load, so your roof might not even be able to adequately support the weight of these materials.
Asphalt Shingles– throughout the roofing world the most common material you will find are the asphalt shingles. This is probably due to their inexpensive price and lack of skills to install. These shingles are made of fiberglass and imbued with asphalt to give them a sand-like surface.
Wood– wood is another popular choice that has been around since the dawn of time and it is still widely used today. However, in some areas fire code might prevent you from installing wood shingles on your roof. While wood has the same lifespan as asphalt shingles, they cost as twice as much and are usually made of redwood, cedar, or southern pine.
Shingles are going to be your cheapest option, but they can still offer a service life between 15 to 30 years.


Here, have a lovely sunset.
It's the 12th again, and this month I was on the second day of a Scout hike on Freycinet Peninsula. By the time I remembered it was 12 of 12 I had emptied the tent, although I hadn't yet started to take it down.


text:
L'edificio che ospitò l'albergo Belfanti Centralino si presenta architettonicamente in Art Nouveau e occupa parte dell'isolato ad angolo tra il corso Vittorio Emanuele III e la via Palamolla, in pieno centro storico della città di Reggio Calabria. Attualmente è sede di uffici esattoriali.

Storia dell'albergo
Gli Spadaro, venuti da Napoli sul finire del XIX secolo, erano i componenti di una facoltosa famiglia di mobilieri che, dopo il terremoto di Messina del 1908, nello spazio compreso tra le attuali via Damiano Chiesa e il prolungamento della via Demetrio Tripepi impiantarono un grande albergo con annesso un famoso ristorante. Negli anni venti del secolo scorso cedettero l'albergo al signor Belfanti che lo trasferì nell'attuale edificio di sua proprietà in fregio al corso Vittorio Emanuele III con il nome di "Centralino Belfanti Hotel". I locali non utilizzati dall'albergo furono adibiti a sede dello storico "Circolo Salvini".

Descrizione architettonica
L'edificio, di due piani fuori terra e seminterrato, è caratterizzato da una pianta rettangolare e da due ingressi: quello principale, aperto sul corso Vittorio Emanuele, e quello secondario, posto sulla via Palamolla. La facciata principale presenta diversi ordini architettonici. Al piano terra, al centro, si trova il portale d'ingresso ad arco a tutto sesto, preceduto da una breve scalinata e fiancheggiato da due colonne che sostengono il balcone del piano nobile. Le finestre del piano terra sono di ordine diverso: alcune ad arco a tutto sesto, altre con timpani arcuati o triangolari e tutte fiancheggiate da lesene piatte o curve culminanti in eleganti capitelli classici.

Il primo  piano è ritmato dalla presenza alternata di balconi e finestre tutte munite di ricche cornici decorate a motivi floreali nella parte sovrastante l'architrave. L'elemento di spicco è costituito dal balcone centrale la cui balaustra a colonnine antropomorfe segue un andamento lineare. Il tutto è coronato da un lineare cornicione di gronda con decorazioni in linea con lo stile architettonico dell'epoca e dal parapetto, in parte in muratura piena e in parte a colonnine, del terrazzo che si innalza in corrispondenza dell'ingresso principale. L'elegante scala interna è dotata di una balaustra in ferro battuto con motivi liberty.

Voci correlate
 Centro storico
 Corso Vittorio Emanuele III
 Architetture di Reggio Calabria
 Art Nouveau

Centralino, Albergo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Tarantino and the Coens have little to fear from Julius and Alston Ramsay, but the brothers' imitation of those avant-garde vanguards is meant as the sincerest form of flattery in their attention-grabbing debut "Midnighters." What they lack in originality is compensated by a determination to entertain the pants off of you with an engaging creation best described as horror noir.
With a little imagination, you can interpret "Midnighters" as an allegorical representation of the current White House, with residents emptying out the cutlery and finding every which way to stab each other in the back. Let the blood flow where it may, and the last man — or woman — standing gets all the spoils. But unlike the gang in the West Wing, there won't be anyone able to survive long enough to testify.
Panicked because of their inebriated state, they load the victim in the backseat and bring him home and leave him in the garage long enough for them to figure out how best to dispose of the body. Fans of Season 2 of TV's "Fargo" (Produced by who else: The Coen brothers.) will instantly shout out, "rip off." And they'd be right. The plagiarism continues when Lindsey's sister discovers the hard way the corpse isn't really dead — at least not yet. From there, "Midnighters" evolves from warped crime drama, to perversely comic horror picture fueled by the sudden appearance of a nosey detective played by a magnificent Ward Horton, dripping Denis Leary-type sarcasm from every word exiting his obstreperous mouth.
Cast includes Alex Essoe, Dylan McTee, Perla Haney-Jardine and Ward Horton.


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Anne Marbury Hutchinson
Anne Marbury was born in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, a daughter of Francis Marbury and Bridget Dryden. Her family history shows that she descended from Charlemagne and Alfred the Great on her father's side and King Edward I of England on her mother's side. She was baptized in Alford on July 20, 1591.
Anne's father was a minister for the Anglican Church in London who leaned strongly toward Puritan thinking. Because of his strong feelings that the clergy should be well educated, he clashed with his superiors. He repeatedly challenged the Anglican authorities and was censured and imprisoned for several years before Anne was born. He was given a public trial in 1578. While under house arrest, he wrote a transcript of his trial from memory; later he used his transcript to educate and amuse his children. He spent two years in the Marshalsea Prison located across the Thames River from London. He was released in 1580 when he was 25 years old because he was "considered sufficiently reformed to preach and teach." He moved his family to Alford, a market town located 140 miles north of London.
Anne became well educated because she was taught at home by her school teacher father. The family moved to London in 1605 when Anne was 14. Her father passed away when she was 19. When she was 21 years old and a young adult in London, she married William Hutchinson, an old friend from her home town, in St. Mary Woolnoth Church in London on August 9, 1612. The couple soon returned to their hometown of Alford. They eventually became parents of 15 children. Fourteen of the children were born and baptized in Alford. Eleven of the fourteen lived to sail to New England. The last child was baptized in Boston, Massachusetts.
In Alford the couple became followers of John Cotton, a dynamic preacher who was forced to emigrate in 1633. William and Anne, along their 11 living children, also immigrated to America and settled in Boston, New England, where she became a midwife. She also shared her spiritual thinking with anyone who would listen in her home. Her popularity and charisma drew enough people to her "the Puritans' religious experiment in New England" was "threatened." She believed in a "covenant of grace" while most of the local ministers – besides Cotton and husband's brother-in-law – preached a "covenant of works."
Several ministers became upset with Anne's teachings, and she became an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy. Anne was tried, convicted, and banished from the colony in 1637. In March 1638 she was excommunicated from the church. Anne and many of her supporters moved to the Colony of Rhode Island where they established the settlement of Portsmouth with encouragement from Providence founder, Roger Williams. After William Hutchinson died a few years later, Anne fled with her younger children to the area that later became The Bronx in New York City.
In August 1643, Anne and "all but one of the 16 members of her household were massacred during an attack of the native Siwanoy. Anne's nine-year-old daughter, Susanna, was the only survivor of the attack, and she was taken captive." She lived with the natives for several years until she was rescued and cared for by family members in Boston.
Anne is a "key figure in the development of religious freedom in England's American colonies and the history of women in ministry. She challenged the authority of the ministers, exposing the subordination of women in the culture of colonial Massachusetts. She is honoured by Massachusetts with a State House monument calling her a `courageous exponent of civil liberty and religious toleration.' She has been called the most famous, or infamous, English woman in colonial American history."
Labels: Anne Marbury Hutchinson, VIPs
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The UN estimates that more than three-quarters of Jordan's population is 'poor or food insecure'
By Katia Hetter In 2013, the Conference of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) reported that more than two-thirds of Jordan's 7.1 million citizens were living in poverty, often under the poverty…
By Katia Hetter
In 2013, the Conference of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) reported that more than two-thirds of Jordan's 7.1 million citizens were living in poverty, often under the poverty line of less than US$1.50 per day. Jordan's $31.6 billion economy is based on agricultural exports, seasonal tourism and some legal industries, but many Jordanians are reliant on their government's assistance to meet daily needs and pay for necessities. Many high-school graduates continue living in the informal economy, as they fear they may not find full-time work in the new economy.
Crippled by Syria's civil war, Jordan's economy has reached a critical state. The government, which has provided more than US$1 billion per year in financial assistance to aid Syrian refugees, announced in May that it would support public-sector layoffs in an effort to improve the financial picture of Jordan's debt-ridden economy.
Despite a June 26 government decision to trim some government salaries and retirements, Jordan's official unemployment rate remains a stubborn 16.8%. According to World Bank data, Jordan has the highest female unemployment rate in the Middle East, at 36.1%.
Facing a draining budget, the Jordan Times reported that despite Jordan's annual budget exceeding US$8.6 billion in 2013, its king spent US$9,594,000 of the government's money to buy an 8,000-square-foot house for his wife. The official Petra News Agency said the King spent 544,000 Jordanian dinars (US$751,256) on building renovations and furnishings at his new 22-room home in the Hamam al-Kulafa neighborhood of Amman.
Over five years ago, the king's spending to build his husbandor compound in Amman's Muwaqqar Forest cost taxpayers $13.8 million – nearly six times the value of Jordan's entire government budget in 2009. At the time, The Jordan Times said the 900-acre acre retreat was equipped with 12 bedrooms, 33 bathrooms, a ballroom, a screening room, and a museum – in addition to multiple tennis courts, golf driving ranges, a 10-hole course, and a theater. The king said the property was the "perfect place" for relaxing and "pampering" his wives, a news story stated. "I spent all the money [on my family] and the government is left with nothing," King Abdullah II reportedly said. "That was a mistake."
In the latest hint of a shake-up in the king's domestic spending, diplomats said the palace had instructed officials not to purchase big purchases from Kuwaiti companies who have been engaged in lethal trade with the Bashar al-Assad regime.
On Tuesday, July 10, Amman police used force against anti-government protesters in the US-allied capital, according to Reuters. The rights group Amnesty International said that seven people were killed by security forces, including four teenagers – including a 10-year-old girl. Doctors added that 25 people were injured. Security forces arrested more than 125 people as demonstrations erupted after Muslim prayers, Reuters reported.
Categories europe Tags influenza, science and technology, vaccination and immunization, video recordings, downloads and streaming
Church in Canada 'shocked and hurt' by sexual assault charges
This Beatles Song Written By Elvis Is A National Anthem


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This giveaway is incredible! The winner will receive a Hylands Baby Basket of products to treat your little one naturally!
Comment below telling us why you should win!
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How to get Teaching job in Gulf countries after completing BSc(Mathematics)?
Hello Sir, I am studying BSc with Mathematics Honours. I want to become a Professor in Abroad. I want to go Gulf countries for getting Teaching job after completing my Graduation. Can you please help me to know that how can I do that?


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Calgary should align with federal government to define poverty line, advocates say
Home / News / Calgary should align with federal government to define poverty line, advocates say
By Madeline Smith
StarMetro Calgary
Thu,. Aug. 23, 2018
CALGARY—The federal move to choose a measure for tracking the poverty line across the country is prompting advocates to call for local officials to do the same.
Vibrant Communities Calgary executive director Franco Savoia said it's time for governments at all levels to align the way they track poverty.
"We are not in any way, shape or form using the same — or similar, even — measures, which creates all kinds of challenges," Savoia said.
The federal government announced a poverty-reduction plan Tuesday that aims to achieve a 50 per cent reduction in poverty by 2030.
As part of the strategy, they said they would use the "market basket measure" to determine the poverty line in communities across the country.
Under the market basket measure, a family or person is considered to be living in poverty if they can't afford a basic basket of goods and services that gives them a modest standard of living.
Savoia said none of the tools for analyzing poverty and the standard of living are perfect, but bringing services under a common understanding of poverty could help streamline efforts to reach people.
"I'm encouraging the city of Calgary to say, for god's sake, let's get behind this."
Calgary to implement citywide mental health and addictions strategy
Photo: Vibrant Communities Calgary executive director Franco Savoia says bringing services under a common understanding of poverty could help streamline efforts to reach people. (MADELINE SMITH / STARMETRO)
Albertans deserve quality, effective social services. But what do we mean by effective?
October is End Poverty Month
Income poverty reduced to 6.9% in Calgary – A snapshot of poverty in Calgary in 2019


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You'll soon be able to buy your kids a $500 Luke Skywalker Landspeeder
Breakthrough Thinking, Children, New Inventions, Robotics, Star Trek
For 40 years, kids enamored with Luke Skywalker's beat-up X-34 Landspeeder have had two choices: they could play with a tiny action figure version, or they could sit in a cardboard box and make speeder sound effects. That has changed with the coolest Star Wars toy for younglings unveiled here at Comic-Con — the first officially licensed kids' size Star Wars Landspeeder, coming this September from Radio Flyer (and available for pre-order here).
Landspeeders roll out at Comic-Con in San Diego
The $499 toy, to be sold at Toys"R"Us, won't break any land speed records; it has a top speed of 5 mph in its two forward gears (and 2 mph in reverse). You'll get about 5 hours of driving sidewalks (please, no roads) on a single charge. But as you can see in the official video, it makes up for relative slowness with incredible cuteness.
With apologies to older fans, this 62-inch vehicle carries a maximum weight of 130 lbs — barely enough room for a li'l Luke and li'l Obi-Wan, let alone the droids you're not looking for.
Radio Flyer produces a variety of electric kids' vehicles, including a tiny Tesla Model S you can charge and plug an MP3 player into. The Model S also retails for $499.
Via Mashable
Tag: Landspeeder, Luke Skywalker, Toys
The game-changing technology..
Robot sculptors are..


Showing results by author "Ruby Namdar"
Andrew P. Cohen, a professor of comparative culture at New York University, is at the zenith of his life. Adored by his classes and published in prestigious literary magazines, he is about to receive a coveted promotion - the crowning achievement of an enviable career. But the manicured surface of his world begins to crack when he is visited by a series of strange and inexplicable visions involving an ancient religious ritual that will upend his comfortable life.


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Pioneers of African American Cinema
Kino // Unrated // July 26, 2016
List Price: $99.95 [Buy now and save at Amazon]
Review by John Sinnott | posted July 24, 2016 | E-mail the Author
The Movies:
One area of film history that is rarely discussed is the 'race films' that were written, directed, produced, and starred people of color and were intended to be seen, not in the big movie palaces, but is small cinemas that served a largely black clientele. Being all but banned from a film career with the big Hollywood studios due to the color of their skin, a small but important group of people started making films on their own telling their own stories. Independent productions with miniscule budgets these movies were largely ignored after their brief theatrical run and largely forgotten. Even books on the history of American movies outside of the studio system rarely mention these films and if they do it is often no more than a page or two.
Kino has gone a long way to rectify that problem with their release of Pioneers of African American Cinema. This massive five-disc set is the result of a successful Kickstarter campaign and it is filled to the brim with rare shorts, fragments and feature films that were created by African-Americans. Starting in 1915 and going through the early 1940's this set not only gives film buffs a chance to see what movies African-Americans were making, but also to see what they had to say about their society.
One of the most influential figures in African-American cinema from this time is the writer/director/producer Oscar Micheaux. He made over 40 films during his career, some of them lost, and he is well represented in this collection. There are nine Micheaux features in this collection including Within Our Gates from 1920, the oldest surviving movie created by an African-American. This is an interesting film because Micheaux contrasts black life in the Deep South as well as in the industrialized North, as well as giving his answer to the question of what people of color can do to better their lot in life: become educated. This movie also examines some of the many problems facing minorities in the US at the time: poor schools, lynching, being cheated in business deals, and systematic racism.
The story revolves around a young woman named Sylvia Landry (Evelyn Preer), a teacher at a school for black children in the South who has traveled up North to try to secure funds to keep the school running. On her travels she meets a handsome and successful African-American lawyer, as well as a kind white woman who is contemplating a donation. To this backdrop the rest of the story is pinned: Sylvia's romantic interests (past and present), the story of the school, Sylvia's history as the adopted daughter of a sharecropped, a murder, attempted rape, and crooked ministers.
One of the films strengths is that it does not paint all of the white people as evil and all of the black people as good. There is a lot of crossover, from the gentle Anglo woman to the black crooks and thugs. There is also an African-American preacher who tells his congregation that they will be rewarded in the next life, and not to cause trouble in this one... because he is paid to by a group of white businessman.
While there is no denying that Within Our Gates is an important film for these reasons, it is also a hard movie to watch. Oscar Micheaux was not trained in Hollywood nor did he have the chance to go to film school. The same goes for the cast and the crew. Because of this, the movie has a lot of problems, especially the script with is messy and convoluted. There are flashbacks inside of flashbacks, character come and go seemingly at random, and just when you think you've got a handle on the plot, the story veers off in another direction, introducing a whole new set of characters and problems. It's fairly clear that Micheaux wanted to put all of his ideas in this one film, even if they didn't really belong together.
Having a disjointed plot and a weak script is something that crops up several times in this set. Another film that falls into this trap is Eleven P.M. by Richard Maurice from 1928. It tells the story of a street violin player named Sundaisy (played by the director) who, for reasons that aren't especially clear, encounters a dying crook and promises the man that he will ensure that his son gets a good education. A dozen years pass. Though the money Sundaisy received from the crook was immediately stolen, he eventually tries to fulfill the dying man's wish and tracks the son down to a small soup kitchen where he works for meals. While at the restaurant he meets June (Orine Johnson) an attractive waitress. When June pushes away a customer who grabs her, she's fired for being too uppity. So she decides to go along with Sundaisy and the youth, apparently having nothing better to do. The trio ends up at house where they meet a minister who promises to educate the boy, and marries Sundaisy and June while he's there. After all, they've known each other for a good 15 minutes by this time. Except the minister is actually a con man and teaches the boy how to be a crook... another 12 years pass and then the story gets very weird.
That's not to say that all of the films are disjointed or head-scratching... that's not the case at all. Many of them are straight dramas like The Flying Ace from 1928 directed by Richard E. Norman which is a crime drama featuring a pilot as the detective. Likewise, The Bronze Buckaroo is a typical western, involving a group looking for their missing friend out in the old west. This one also has an amusing running gag about a 'talking mule' and the cowboy who buys such a find for $12. (The cowboy proudly tells his friend that the mule speaks English! The man had another one but it only spoke German.) The nice thing is that the gag actually turns into a plot point near the end.
One of the great things about just about all of these films is that they feature African-Americans in roles that people, especially young ones, can look up to: They are lawyers, doctors, educators, pilots, and even cowboys. Who wouldn't want to be Hollywood's version of a cowboy? The creators of these films, though they are generally rough and unpolished, were trying to show their race what they could aspire to be. And it is great that these films have withstood the ravages of time and are still with us.
The films included in this set are:
Disc One (Total Running Time 282 minutes):
Two Knights of Vaudeville Ebony Film Co., 1915. 11 minutes. Music by Donald Sosin
Mercy the Mummy Mumbled Ebony Film Co., 1918. 12 minutes. Music by the Alloy Orchestra.
A Reckless Rover Ebony Film Co., 1918. 14 minutes. Music by Donald Sosin.
Within Our Gates Oscar Micheaux, 1920. 73 minutes. Music by DJ Spooky.
The Symbol of the Unconquered: A Story of the KKK Oscar Micheaux, 1920. 59 minutes. Music by Max Roach.
By Right of Birth Lincoln Motion Picture Co., 1921. 4 minutes. Music by Donald Sosin.
Body and Soul Oscar Micheaux, 1925. 93 minutes. Music by DJ Spooky.
Disc Two (Total Running Time - 259 minutes):
Regeneration Richard E. Norman, 1923. 11 minutes. Music by Donald Sosin.
The Flying Ace Richard E. Norman, 1928. 65 minutes. Music by Mont Alto Motion Picture Orchestra.
Ten Nights in a Bar Room CPFC, 1926. 64 minutes. Music by Donald Sosin.
Rev. S.S. Jones Home Movies Rev. Solomon Sir Jones, 1924-1926. 16 minutes. Music by Andrew Simpson.
The Scar of Shame Frank Peregini, 1929. 86 minutes. Music by Makia Matsumura
Disc Three (Total Running Time - 253 minutes):
Eleven P.M. Richard Maurice, 1928. 60 minutes. Music by Rob Gal.
Hell-Bound Train James and Eloyce Gist, 1930. 50 minutes. Restored by S. Torriano Berry. Music by Samuel Waymon.
Verdict Not Guilty James and Eloyce Gist, 1934. 8 minutes. Restored by S. Torriano Berry. Music by Samuel Waymon.
Heaven-Bound Travels (BLU-RAY ONLY) James and Eloyce Gist, 1935. 15 minutes. Restored by S. Torriano Berry. Music by Samuel Waymon.
The Darktown Revue Oscar Micheaux, 1931. 18 minutes.
The Exile Oscar Micheaux, 1931. 78 minutes.
Hot Biskits Spencer Williams, 1931. 10 minutes.
Disc Four (Total Running Time - 272 minutes):
The Girl from Chicago Oscar Micheaux, 1932. 70 minutes.
Ten Minutes to Live Oscar Micheaux, 1932. 58 minutes.
Veiled Aristocrats Oscar Micheaux, 1932. 48 minutes.
Birthright Oscar Micheaux, 1938. 73 minutes.
Disc Five (Total Running Time - 243 minutes):
The Bronze Buckaroo Richard Kahn, 1939. 58 minutes.
Zora Neale Hurston Fieldwork Footage (excerpt) Zora Neale Hurtston, 1928. 3 minutes.
Commandment Keeper Church, Beaufort South Carolina, May 1940 (excerpt) Zora Neale Hurston, 1940. 15 minutes.
The Blood of Jesus Spencer Williams, 1941. 56 minutes.
Dirty Gertie from Harlem U.S.A. Spencer Williams, 1946. 60 minutes.
Moses Sisters Interview Pearl Bowser, 1978. 32 minutes.
The Blu-rays:
This collection of nineteen features and many shorts films runs over 21-hours all together. They arrive on five discs that are housed in a fold-out sleeve with a slipcase, rather than individual cases.
These films were not cherished and preserved like some of their Studio cousins. There's even a short bonus about the discovery of a nitrate film collection in an old warehouse in Texas in the 1980's. While a couple of the films look excellent, even the restored films will have some problems, be it scratches and dirt or slight nitrate decomposition. Some come from dubs, and are lacking a bit of definition that an original would have, but generally these look fine. They are all definitely watchable and in many cases look much better than they should.
The films from the sound era arrive with their original mono soundtracks intact, and while showing the limits of the technology of the time, are fine. The silent movies all have accompaniment from a variety of musicians, from the solo piano by Donald Sosin to larger group like the Mont Alto Motion Picture Orchestra. With only a couple of exceptions the accompaniment was excellent with the music fitting well to the action on the screen. The times I didn't enjoy the music were always when the producers were trying something new and different, like the electric guitar accompaniment to Eleven P.M. While I didn't care for it, I can't get too upset that they attempted an experiment that didn't work.
There are several short video featurettes scattered across the discs. These include:
An Introduction (7 minutes)
The Films of Oscar Micheaux (8 minutes)
The Color Line (5 minutes)
Ten Nights in a Bar Room - An Introduction (4 minutes)
About the Restoration (8 minutes)
Veiled Aristocrats Trailer (4 minutes)
Birthright Trailer (4 minutes)
We Work Again - WPA Documentary (1937, 15 minutes)
Texas Tyler Promo Film with Ossie Davis (1985, 6 minutes)
The Films of Zora Neale Hurston (2 minutes)
The Films of Spencer Williams (7 minutes)
The End of an Era (4 minutes)
While these were all very interesting, the real exciting bonus item is packed in with the set: an 80-page book featuring essays by noted historians. There are also stills and some great images of one-sheets and other advertisements touting the films included on this set. A great read!
This is a great collection. While these independent low-budget films may lack the slick appearance of Hollywood's output they are a nearly forgotten chapter in film history as well as African-American culture. Highly Recommended.
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Executive Search Banking, Financial Services, HR / Staffing, Transportation / Logistics
Martin Mueller
Gotthardstrasse 55, 8002 Zürich, Switzerland
Martin applies his skills in talent strategy and change management to help clients plan and build strong teams, capable of moving their businesses forward.
Martin Mueller brings a substantial background in human resources to the role of Managing Partner. He worked in the discipline for more than 20 years, serving in global executive positions. As a member of the Financial Services and CEO & Board Services practices
Over 20 years experience in human resources management, including global senior executive roles
Member of the Global Financial Services Practice
Focuses on senior management recruiting for clients in power & utilities financial services, industrial and professional services sectors, with specialised expertise in human resources
Joined Boyden as an Associate in 2010, subsequently promoted to Managing Partner
Head of HR, EFG BANK; Executive Committee Member and Deputy Head of Private Banking Zurich
Global Head of HR, Gate Gourmet International, one of the world's largest airline catering companies; Executive Committee Member, responsible for human resources quality management and communications
Began career with ABB Transportation Systems, and later ABB Daimler Benz Transportation Systems, as Head of HR for Switzerland and Southern/Eastern Europe
Global Cross-Sector Practices
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Additional Sector Expertise
Master of Law, Zurich University
Coursework in HR strategy, finance, quality assurance and project management at a variety of educational institutions, including Harvard Business School
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Embedded Software Development And Programming
elidal todd
Companies from different spheres and industrial domains make use of embedded software development. Read this article to dive into the details.
Embedded systems are implemented with the primary aim to provide cost-efficient solutions and streamline the work processes in different industries and spheres of human activity. They are widely used in healthcare, manufacturing, telecom, and tech domains. This article will consider embedded software, its major constituent elements, types, and the most widespread technical issues that it has to deal with.
What Is Embedded Software
Embedded software is a type of software implemented to manage not regular personal computers but other types of machinery and apparatus. One of the distinct characteristics of this type of system is that it's possible to control its functionalities with the help of a machine interface, in contrast to human-controlled systems.
As a rule, such software has limitations regarding memory storage and processing abilities. Such apparatus as a modem, laser printer, electric car, smartwatch, manufacturing robot, calculator, or navigating device all are related to embedded technologies. An embedded company ensures that the software in such devices meets all the technical requirements and is compliant with the hardware installed.
Major Aspects and Peculiarities of Embedded Software
With the rise of information technology across different industries, various implementations of embedded systems appeared. Nevertheless, all these kinds of software have certain aspects and peculiarities in common:
Improved reliability
Stable functioning
High performance in real-time
Minimum or no human interfering required
Cost and energy-efficiency
Storage capacity restrictions
Another typical factor that influences the operation of these systems is the necessity for connection with the peripheral system for the sake of interconnection of input-output gadgets. They are single task-oriented, making it impossible for them to perform any activity that was not initially pre-set in the system. When working on the embedded software, developers should ensure that it is compatible with the target hardware and doesn't exceed its capacity.
Fundamental Elements of Embedded System
An embedded system is not just hardware. Each system has a complex structure that includes drivers, cross-compilers, etc. As a rule, all these constituents comprise the three fundamental elements that act together to perform pivotal functions. They are the following:
Hardware (interfaces, displays, memory storage, timing gadgets, interactive devices);
Software (programming code);
OS that can function in real-time.
All these elements act in close cooperation with each other. Hardware, software, and OS equally play an important role in the functioning of the system. Thanks to their coordinated work, the system can function properly. To create a better embedded system software, developers should take care of all these technical details.
Various Kinds of Embedded Systems
There are two major ways to distinguish the most popular kinds of embedded systems.
The first one is based on their scale:
● Small-scale. For the development of such systems, editors, assemblers, IDE, and cross-assemblers are used;
Medium-scale. For their development, programming languages are used;
Complex systems. They require a comprehensive approach, both on the software and hardware level.
The second way is to differentiate the gadgets in terms of their performance characteristics:
Real-time systems that perform the tasks instantaneously;
Stand-alone systems, which act independently of any sources and complementary systems.
Network-embedded, which function dependent on their networks;
Mobile-embedded that can be found in handy gadgets that are easy to carry and transport.
Pros and Cons of Embedded Systems
Let's consider the most prominent pros and cons of embedded systems. Among the frequently mentioned advantages, one can name covering a multitude of different environments, lesser cost on the development and maintenance, high safety, and smooth performance in general. Most often, gadgets with in-built embedded software are convenient to use due to their small-sized and compact form. They don't require a lot of resources, which allows customers to use an economical approach towards energy consumption.
Notwithstanding, some users report the following cons they encounter during their experience with this type of software: it takes a lot of time and effort to develop embedded products and launch them to the market. Another concern is that such software can perform only a limited set of pre-programmed tasks and doesn't allow any modifications in terms of functionality.
Issues of Embedded Software Programming
Issue 1. Unstable Functioning
When choosing any portable gadget, customers pay a lot of attention to smooth and stable performance. If the device lacks this characteristic, it leads to damage to the company's good reputation.
Issue 2. Insecurity
Internet of Things is becoming more and more popular every day. The connection of the equipment to the Internet poses a threat of cyberattacks, loss of confidential data, and identity theft. That's why it's vital to ensure protection from such dangers, which is especially crucial for mobile applications.
Issue 3. Problems with Launching
Companies struggle with the speed of their work on embedded software, and it often takes a lot of time to launch a product.
Issue 4. Designing stage
It's not easy to combine such characteristics as portability, small size, high performance, long battery life, and low energy consumption.
Issue 5. Connection
Since the Internet-of-Things is penetrating almost every industry and sphere of life, the devices should be adaptable and compatible with various equipment to establish an adequate connection.
Issue 7. Updating
IoT devices can carry out upgrades on their own. However, it requires profound expertise to install this function correctly and ensure its stable operation.
Issue 8. Fixing Errors
Unexpected difficulties and malfunctions may arise during the development and utilizing of embedded software. That is why frequent quality assurance is necessary.
Issue 9. Digital Transformation
In the last few years, numerous ground-breaking technologies appeared. Engineers should monitor the market of embedded software regularly to keep track of all the introduced innovations.
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It's a no brainer that marijuana has a lot of negative backlash. Ever since the war on drugs, many people haven't had tolerance for its healing properties. In one ear and out the other I'd say. But new studies have found that marijuana is, in fact, a healthier substance as opposed to legal substances like alcohol. It makes you question how a substance such as alcohol is legal when there are many health related concerns surrounding it. From sudden death, drunk driving accidents, and the poor decision making that occurs after having a few drinks.


text:
Q: Docker error: Parcel (Parceljs) won't work in Docker When I run my nodejs application in a docker container, the parcel build step fails with an error message that isn't helpful. The app runs fine locally without Docker.
I created a simple app to test my problem out.
My package.json is
{
  "name": "test",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "parcel index.html"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "parcel": "^2.0.0-beta.2"
  }
}

and my Dockerfile is
FROM alpine:latest

RUN apk update &&\
    apk upgrade &&\
    apk add nodejs npm

# Install app dependencies
COPY package*.json ./

RUN npm install

COPY . .

EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 1234

CMD [ "npm", "start" ]

The error message I get is [Error: Invalid argument]
More detailed steps:

*

*The commands I run to build docker is docker build .

*Then I run the app with docker run test_app
The build step works fine and creates the image.
When I run the container, this is the entire output
docker run test_app

> test@1.0.0 start
> parcel index.html

[Error: Invalid argument]

I have tried the following:

*

*Using node:13, node:14, node:16 and my latest attempt was with alpine as the Docker image

*I tried overriding as many of parcel js default options as I could to see if I could override the problem.

Again the issue only happens inside a docker container so I'm not sure if I'm doing anything wrong with my Docker setup. Thanks in advance!

A: Are you running parcel from / ?
Try making a WORKDIR and then run parcel, works for me.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A quick introduction: Amy Farkas is a Middle School STEM teacher from Southeastern Michigan who sought and won funding for her class's foray into Neuroscience. She then spent the last quarter of her school year this past year introducing her students to Neuroscience and Biomedical Sciences.
These are the voyages of a 7th grade STEM classroom: a several week mission to explore strange new phenomena; to seek answers to the mysteries of the brain; to boldly create classroom experiences where no standards have gone before.
Amy (That's me, to the left, performing RoboRoach Neural Surgery….): Back in January, I received an email from Will at BYB asking if we could have a conversation about Neuroscience and the Kits that BYB produces that make it accessible for everyone. What Will didn't know at the time was that I was searching for one or two new units to add into my curriculum at the end of the year. I'm a firm believer that STEM education needs to evolve every year to keep up with our constantly changing culture and advancements in technology.
I teach every 7th grader in my district, and that equaled 242 students in 8 classes. The week I spoke with Will, I began doing my research into BYB, and by the following week, I was ready to present my ideas about learning Neuroscience to my most important clients, my students. I started by asking them how many of them knew what Neuroscience was, and very few hands went up. I then asked them to stand up if they knew anyone that had Alzheimer's, or dementia, or epilepsy. I continued on with Autism, ADD, or ADHD. I asked about depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder. And then I had them look around… and in every class, every single one of my 242 students had stood up.
Once I determined that I wanted to bring Neuroscience into my classroom, I needed to find a way to fund my BYB Kits, which would run approximately $1,500. Conveniently, I would be attending the MACUL (Michigan Association of Computer Users in Learning) Conference in March, and I knew about a contest that might help me win $1,500! I submitted my "pitch" for Neuroscience to the METS Group for Idea Slam, and I was chosen as one of the four finalists. This meant that the first night of the conference, I would be pitted against 3 other educators/teams that also wanted the funding, and we would compete by each giving a five-minute impassioned "pitch" as to why their project should be chosen. I was the first contestant on stage, and I love a microphone…so I rocked it out! It was obvious that my passion for Neuroscience education was a big contender!
The funniest memories I have of that night were that the microphone didn't want to work for me, so they switched it out 2 different times, essentially interrupting my flow. But I said to heck with the microphone, and just used my best teacher voice!
When the winner was announced, I jumped up like I was on The Price Is Right, and ran up to grab my larger-than-life-sized check, holding it above my head, so excited to be able to buy the BYB Neuroscience Kits to bring to my students!
Winning was incredibly exciting, and my students' reaction when I showed them my big check was priceless! I was able to get out to Ann Arbor on Good Friday, meet with Will and get some awesome personalized instruction about the kits. We even built our first RoboRoach!
I had to wait until June to introduce Neuroscience and the BYB kits, so in the interim, I had a student work through them and test them with me. He was my STEM Independent Study and had a blast being the guinea pig for all the new equipment.
Through trial and error, we figured out the right way to attach electrodes, the best placement for them, and the thresholds that I should use when working with students. He was indispensable!
Diving in with the classroom… We're in too deep to turn back now!
When I asked my student the initial questions about knowing people that were affected by neurological disorders, I had them hooked. They kept asking when the Idea Slam was, then after I won, when I was going to get the kits.
After I brought the kits in and introduced them to our new cockroaches, the anticipation built for about a month and a half before the subject was formally introduced to them.
They loved "hearing" their neurons firing when we monitored their Ulnar nerves. They were especially excited to "see" the waves and how they changed as they flexed and their neurons were activated.
Then, we learned about how we could take those signals and use them to control devices… My students were fascinated by the idea that they could control The Claw by just flexing their muscles! We discussed neuroprosthetics and how we could potentially design and 3-D print other appendages to add to the claw for more specialized activities.
They were super stoked to control each other using the Human to Human Interface, and I've never seen that volume of permission slips returned the very next day!
Throughout our use of the Backyard Brains neuroscience kits, the one thing that was foremost in my students' minds was being able to control the RoboRoach.
We started by recording from the neurons in a cockroach to learn about the similarities in our nervous systems.
Then we moved onto the RoboRoach! The process of creating the RoboRoach was very frustrating for us, it involves a surgery which takes some practice, and we almost ran out of roaches to turn into cyborgs. We were finally able to get our RoboRoach functional the last day of experimentation, and I videoed the working cyborg so all the classes would be able to see it, just in case things didn't work later! But the video wasn't as fascinating to them as actually having the roaches in the room was! You've got to see it in person to really believe it.
End of Year reflections – Neuroscience is the 7th graders top pick!
My kiddos had an amazing experience learning about Neuroscience this year! I would run into parents all over town and all they'd talk about was how thrilled their students were to be working on something so exciting! Their attention span when we had the kits out was longer than I ever anticipated because they were fully engaged in the learning process. I was impressed with their deep level questions about the nervous system, and we spoke daily about why we were including Neuroscience in our curriculum.
Every day, students would come in and share stories with their class about how their lives were different and how they were seeing the world differently because of what they were learning. One student, in particular, was deeply moved: He has epilepsy and said he never told other kids because they looked at him like he was different. He shared that now that everyone in 7th grade understood more about neurological disorders, he was more open to telling people and they had great questions for him! At the end of the year, he gave me a big hug and thanked me for helping him feel "normal" again. MANY tears were shed.
The last day of school, I save the whole class period for reflection: what we've learned, what they felt invested in, what they enjoyed most and what they didn't learn, but would still like to. The overwhelming student favorite and winner, once again unanimous, was Neuroscience and our BYB Kits! It was the perfect way to end their year.
For the first time this summer, I taught summer camp in Saline, MI through their Community Education Programming. Neuroscience Camp was five days, for three hours each day. I spent the first few days showing students how their nervous systems worked and teaching in-depth lessons embedded with hands-on crafts about neurons. The final two days I brought in my BYB Kits and we introduced hands-on neuroscience, which was a big hit!
Unfortunately, I did not receive the MACUL grant that I applied for that would have brought in a VR gaming computer for my students to experience the nervous system and brain in a fully immersive setting. However, Will brought up an awesome pilot project for me to try with my students, and I'm excited to get the ball rolling.
This year, I am moving up to 8th grade, so I will have the same students as last year. I've written a whole new curriculum for this grade level and was excited to include more Neuroscience! We will be embarking on an engineering design project to conceptualize, research, design, build and test our own Neuroprosthetics! BYB has been the best addition to my STEM lab, and my students' lives are better for having learned all they did about Neuroscience! Who knows? We may have inspired some of them to go to medical school!


text:
Chapter IV.8. Inherited Connective Tissue Disorders
Allison C. Tam, MD
The editors and current author would like to thank and acknowledge the significant contribution of the previous author of this chapter from the 2004 first edition, Dr. Steven C. Crook. This current second edition chapter is a revision and update of the original author's work.
A 3-year-old male presents to the ER with a gross deformity of his left upper arm. His mother reports that her son "slipped while taking a bath" and struck his arm on the side of the tub. He has a history of a previous right femur fracture that resulted from a fall down the stairs one year ago. In addition to the gross deformity to the left humerus, his physical exam is notable for bluish sclera and no other signs of trauma (no bruising or scars). A skeletal survey is ordered by the ER physician, who thought that the injury did not fit the history provided by the parent. The plain films reveal a comminuted fracture in the middle of the left humerus, and signs of multiple healed rib fractures in addition to the healed right femur fracture. The ER physician notifies child protective services (CPS) as required by law. He is later referred to a geneticist who makes the diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta.
A 16-year-old male presents to the ER with a chief complaint of a sudden onset of left chest pain. The pain was non-radiating on the left chest, sharp and 8/10 severity. It is associated with shortness of breath. It occurred while he was watching TV at home an hour ago. He denies any trauma to his chest and any cough or other respiratory symptoms prior to the onset of pain. Past medical history is unremarkable and takes no medications. He denies any cigarette smoking or recreational drug use. On physical examination, he appears to be a tall and slender individual who wears glasses. His temperature is normal, pulse 110/min, blood pressure 137/88, and respiratory rate 28/min, oxygen saturation 97%. The pulmonary exam reveals diminished breath sounds on the left but normal on the right. Cardiac auscultation reveals regular rhythm with no murmurs or gallop. EKG is normal, troponin I and CK-MB are negative. The chest radiograph shows a 60% left pneumothorax, without effusion or pulmonary lesions. Chest tube is placed and he is placed on oxygen. His pneumothorax resolved after 2 days of hospitalization. He is later referred to a geneticist to evaluate him for a hereditary connective tissue disorder.
Connective tissue disorders are inherited disorders of the proteins that comprise various connective tissues such as collagen and elastin. Because these molecules are abundant throughout the body, multiple organ systems are often involved in connective tissue disorders, particularly the skin, heart, eyes, bones and vasculature. The clinical course of these disorders can range widely, from near-normalcy to severe complications. Clinicians should focus on recognizing the potentially life threatening presentations of diseases and differentiating subtle presentations from more common diagnoses. The common inherited connective tissue disorders discussed herein include osteogenesis imperfecta, Marfan syndrome, and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of disorders often defined by recurrent fractures with minimal trauma, low bone mass and skeletal fragility. OI is also known as "brittle bone disease." Some of the other key features include short stature, blue sclerae, dental abnormalities, and hearing loss. The severity ranges from perinatal lethality to nearly asymptomatic individuals with a mild predisposition to fractures. Hearing loss may be present at birth, develop in childhood, or may never occur. The color of the sclera ranges from a striking dark blue to normal white. OI does not affect cognitive ability. More than 90% of individuals with OI have mutations in the genes COL1A1 or COL1A2 which encode alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains of type I collagen, the main structural protein in bones, ligaments, and tendons. In recent years, mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in the complex post-translational modification of type 1 collagen or in the genetic regulation of bone matrix homeostasis have been identified in association with the other rare OI phenotypes. OI is classified into different types on the basis of the mode of inheritance, clinical presentation, and radiographic findings. OI was originally classified into types I to IV. OI type I to IV exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance and are related to mutations in COL1A1 or COL1A2. In type II, affected infants are either stillborn or die in the early neonatal period as a result of extreme skeletal fragility and pulmonary hypoplasia. The clinical and molecular classification has now expanded to eleven OI phenotypes, many with autosomal recessive pattern of transmission. These classifications of OI types are helpful in prognosis, management, family counseling, and prenatal diagnosis.
The diagnosis is based on family history, history of fractures, characteristic physical findings, and radiographic findings. Radiographic findings can include fractures of varying ages and stages of healing, Wormian bones (extra bones pieces that occur within a suture of the skull), "codfish" vertebrae (vertebrae with biconcave sides rather than the normal rectangular appearance), and osteopenia. As Case 1 illustrates, the recognition of OI is crucial to differentiating abuse from accidental or pathological trauma. The radiographic findings of abused children include epiphyseal and metaphyseal fractures of the long bones. In contrast, OI fractures usually occur in the shaft of long bones with relative sparing of the metaphysis. Biochemical testing, which involves culturing dermal fibroblasts and analyzing the structure and quantity of type I collagen synthesized and secreted in vitro, has been the standard diagnostic test in the past. However, genomic DNA sequencing is becoming more sensitive than biochemical testing and identifies the specific mutation which can be helpful for evaluation of other family members. Thus, molecular genetic testing is now the preferred diagnostic test in most cases. Family history that is positive for a family member who has frequent fractures, scoliosis, or other orthopedic conditions should raise the suspicion of OI. However, family history may not be completely reliable since there is variability in the expression of the condition even among family members, or the patient's condition may be due to spontaneous (de novo) mutation.
Management focuses on physical therapy and often includes orthopedic intervention. A careful fracture history is important to target weak bones in an individual and specifically strengthen the muscles around those bones. In addition, children with OI should be seen by a dentist and have a hearing evaluations performed regularly. While no standard medical therapy is currently available, there are many therapies under investigation such as using bisphosphonates to help patients in increasing bone mass and bone strength; human growth hormone to improve linear growth rates and bone formation; and bone marrow transplant to increase the amount of type I collagen.
Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with mutation of the FBN1 gene. FBN1 codes for fibrillin-1, an important extracellular matrix protein that is a major constituent of microfibrils and a regulator of TGF-ß (transforming growth factor beta) signaling. Mutations in FBN1 can lead to quantitative or qualitative abnormalities of fibrillin-1 protein. The disease is associated with skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular manifestations. Intellectual disability is not associated with Marfan syndrome. The diagnosis of Marfan syndrome is based on family history and the documentation of characteristic findings in multiple organ systems. There have been revisions of the diagnostic criteria for Marfan syndrome, with the most recent one in 2010.
In the absence of family history, the diagnosis can be made on the basis of the presence of one of four criteria:
. . . . . (1) aortic root dilation (z-score>2) and ectopia lentis (dislocated lens)
. . . . . (2) aortic root dilation with an FBN1 mutation
. . . . . (3) aortic root dilation with sufficient system findings (a systemic score >7)
. . . . . (4) ectopia lentis with an FBN1 mutation with known associated aortic root dilation
In the presence of family history, the diagnosis can be made in the presence of one of three criteria:
. . . . . (1) ectopia lentis,
. . . . . (2) systemic findings (a systemic score >7)
. . . . . (3) aortic root dilation
Systemic findings include long arms, legs, and fingers (archnodactyly), tall and thin body type, scoliosis, chest deformity, flexible joints, flat feet, crowded teeth, and skin stretch marks. A "systemic score" can be calculated as follows:
. . . . . Wrist sign (+1 point): The tip of the thumb covers the entire nail of the fifth finger when wrapped around the contralateral wrist.
. . . . . Thumb sign (+1 point): The entire distal phalanx of the adducted thumb extends beyond the ulnar border of the palm.
. . . . . Both wrist and thumb signs are present (+3 points instead of the +1 point for each).
. . . . . Pectus carinatum (+2 points)
. . . . . Pectus excavatum or chest asymmetry (+1 point)
. . . . . Hindfoot valgus deformity (+2 points)
. . . . . Flat feet (Pes planus) (+1 point)
. . . . . Spontaneous pneumothorax (+2 points)
. . . . . Lumbosacral dural ectasia (+2 points): Widening or ballooning of the dural sac surrounding the spinal cord.
. . . . . Protrusio actabulae: (+2 points): Medial bulging of the acetabulum into the pelvis.
. . . . . Scoliosis or thoracolumbar kyphosis (+1 point)
. . . . . Reduced elbow extension (+1 point)
. . . . . Facial features (+1 point): Must have at least 3 of the following 5: 1) Dolichocephaly (disproportionately long and narrow head), 2) Downward slanting palpebral fissures, 3) Enophthalmos (recenssion of the eyeball within the orbit), 4) Retrognathia (jaws recede with respect to the frontal plane of the forehead), 5) Malar hypoplasia (underdeveloped cheekbones).
. . . . . Skin striae (+1 point): These resemble stretch marks but are not associated with stretching forces.
. . . . . Severe myopia (+1 point)
. . . . . Mitral valve prolapse (+1 point): Defined by echocardiography.
. . . . . Reduced upper segment to lower segment and increased arm span to height ratios (requires calculation).
As discussed in Case 2, spontaneous pneumothorax should raise suspicion for hereditary connective tissue disorders including Marfan syndrome. Lung bullae can develop in patients with Marfan syndrome, especially of the upper lobes, and can predispose to spontaneous pneumothorax.
Life expectancy is reduced in patients with Marfan syndrome, commonly due to progressive dilation of the aortic root and an increased risk of aortic dissection with advancing age. Death often occurs in the third decade in the absence of palliative surgery to prevent aortic valvular regurgitation and aortic rupture. The management of aortic aneurysm in patients with Marfan syndrome often includes administration of antihypertensive such as a beta-blocker. Surgical repair of the aorta is indicated when the maximal measurement approaches 5 cm in adults or older children, the rate of increase of the aortic diameter approaches 1 cm per year, or progressive aortic regurgitation occurs.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a group of inherited disorders caused by quantitative or qualitative defects of various types of fibrillar collagen. The result is a wide clinical spectrum of diseases with various features that can include skin hyperelasticity, fragility of the skin, and blood vessels, delayed wound healing, and joint hypermobility. Clinical presentation usually occurs after birth. The defect can occur at any step in the production of collagen fibers. The procollagen fiber itself can be defective, as can enzymes that perform the post-translational hydroxylation of lysine, or any of the enzymes which chaperone the assembly of procollagen fibers into normal collagen. EDS has been reclassified into the clinical forms described in the table below.
Skin fragility in EDS is caused by a thin dermis depleted of collagen fibrils. Its texture is often described as soft and velvety. Tears or lacerations over bony prominences commonly occur. Minor trauma often cause large gaping wounds which heal slowly. Surgery can be complicated by wound dehiscence. Patients will often present to ERs with a history of multiple lacerations requiring suture closure despite relatively minor trauma. Vascular fragility may be due to defects in collagen type 3, resulting in vessels with low tensile strength. In these individuals, aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and vascular dissections are common. Ecchymoses are present with hemosiderin deposits over bony prominences. Hyperextensibility and joint hypermobility are caused by ligamentous laxity (which predisposes to dislocated hips in infants). Clubfoot, joint effusions, and spondylolisthesis (vertebral displacement) may also be present. The gastrointestinal tract can be similarly affected due to the reduced tensile strength of the bowel walls that predisposes to spontaneous rupture. Bony involvement usually manifests as kyphosis. Individuals diagnosed with EDS usually display one or a combination of these different symptoms. Life expectancy is highly variable in EDS as demonstrated in the different clinical forms. The most severe complications of disease result from bowel and vascular weakness. No curative therapy is available.
Clinical forms of Ehlers Danlos Syndromes
EDS Clinical Type
AD Characterized by premature birth caused by rupture of membranes, skin hyperelasticity and fragility, easy bruising, generalized and severe joint hypermobility, scoliosis, and mitral valve prolapse. Life expectancy is not reduced
Hypermobile
AD Characterized by severe joint hypermobility and minimal skin manifestation
AD Characterized by most pronounced dermal thinning. Patients with this vascular form have a shortened life span and increased morbidity due to premature birth, extensive ecchymoses from trauma, and rupture of the bowel, uterus, or medium sized arteries
Kyphoscoliosis
AR Characterized by joint hyperextensibility, hypotonia, kyphoscoliosis, fragile cornea, keratoconus, skin hyperelasticity, and fragile bones
Arthrochalasia type A
AD Characterized by short stature, marked joint hyperextensibility and dislocation
Arthrochalasia type B
AR Characterized skin hyperelasticity and marked joint hypermobility
Dermatospraxis
AR Characterized by premature rupture of membranes, delayed closure of fontanels, skin fragility and laxity, easy bruisability, growth retardation, short limbs, umbilical hernia, and characteristic facies
*AD – Autosomal dominant; AR – Autosomal recessive
Other connective tissue disorders to consider in the differential diagnosis, depending on the presenting feature include homocystinuria and Stickler syndrome. Homocystinuria is often discussed with Marfan syndrome since there are significant similarities. It is an inborn error of methionine metabolism characterized by variable intellectual disability, ectopia lentis and/or severe myopia, skeletal abnormalities, and a tendency for intravascular thrombosis and thromboembolic events. Distinguishing features are upward lens dislocation in homocytinuria compared to downward lens dislocation in Marfan syndrome, and intellectual disability in homocystinuria compared to normal intellect in Marfan syndrome. Stickler syndrome is characterized ocular findings such as severe myopia, sensorineural and/or conductive hearing loss, hypermobility, early osteoarthritis, cleft palate, micrognathia (Pierre Robin sequence) and other distinctive facial features.
1. How is osteogenesis imperfecta differentiated from child abuse?
2. How are future fractures prevented in children with OI?
3. What are the main organ systems that are affected in patients with Marfan syndrome?
4. What is the most common cause of early death in individuals with Marfan syndrome?
5. What are 3 of the cardinal features of Ehlers-Danlos?
6. How is homocystinuria differentiated from Marfan syndrome clinically?
Related x-rays
Below: This is an occult osteogenesis imperfecta case in an infant presenting with a femur fracture due to minor trauma from: Yamamoto LG. Fussiness Following Minor Trauma in an Infant. In: Yamamoto LG, Inaba AS, DiMauro R (eds). Radiology Cases In Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 1999, volume 6, case 2. Read the online case and description at: www.hawaii.edu/medicine/pediatrics/pemxray/v6c02.html
Below: This is a more severe osteogenesis imperfecta case from: Yamamoto LG. Vomiting and Coughing in a 3-Month Old With Weak Bones. In: Yamamoto LG, Inaba AS, DiMauro R (eds). Radiology Cases In Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 1999, volume 6, case 3. Read the online case and description at: www.hawaii.edu/medicine/pediatrics/pemxray/v6c03.html
This chest X-ray shows multiple rib fractures and osteopenia.
This X-ray of both upper extremities shows multiple fractures and crumpling of the long bones.
Below: This teen presents with an acute aortic dissection from: Feng AK. Severe Acute Chest Pain in an Adolescent. In: Yamamoto LG, Inaba AS, DiMauro R (eds). Radiology Cases In Pediatric Emergency Medicine, 1995, volume 3, case 12. Read the online case, description, and view the other radiographs at: www.hawaii.edu/medicine/pediatrics/pemxray/v3c12.html
The black arrow in the upper image shows the intimal flap within the aortic arch. The black arrow in the lower image shows the intimal dissection in the descending aorta. Part of the left kidney is infarcting suggesting that the dissection encompasses part of the left renal arter.
1. Bolar N et al. Marfan syndrome: from gene to therapy. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012;24(4):498-504.
2. Cundy T. Recent advances in osteogenesis imperfecta. Calcif Tissue Int 2012;90(6):439-449.
3. Dietz H. Marfan syndrome. In: Pagon RA et al. GeneReviews. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1335/ Initial Posting: April 18, 2001; Last Update: December 1, 2011. Accessed 2/25/13.
4. Morelli JG. Chapter 651: Disease of the Dermis. Ehlers Danlos Syndrome. In: Kliegman RM et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th edition. 2011. Philadephia: W. B. Saunders Company, pp. 2278.
5. Royce PM, Steinmann B (eds). Connective Tissue and Its Heritable Disorders: Molecular, Genetic, and Medical Aspects 2nd edition. 2002. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
6. Pyeritz RE. The Marfan syndrome. Ann Rev Med 2000;51:481-510.
7. Shapiro JR and Sponsellor PD. Osteogenesis imperfecta: questions and answers. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009;21(6):709-716.
8. Steiner R et al. COL1A1/2-Related Osteogenesis ImperfectaIn: Pagon RA et al. GeneReviews. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1295/ Initial Posting: January 28, 2005; Last Update: February 14, 2013. Accessed 2/25/13.
9. Tosi L. Osteogenesis imperfecta. Curr Opin Pediatr 1997;9:94-99.
Answers to questions
1. These can be difficult to distinguish. Factors that can help distinguish these two include the presence of associated physical findings, family history, location of fracture (femur and radius vs. tibia and radius), type of fracture (comminuted mid shaft vs. epiphyseal and greenstick), radiographic appearance of the fractures (i.e., presence of osteopenia).
2. Instruction in safe handling for caregivers, identifying weak bones, bracing, physical therapy.
3. Skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular systems.
4. Aortic root dilation causing aneurysm and dissection.
5. Any three of the following: hyperextensible velvety skin, atrophic scars, joint hypermobility, connective tissue fragility, and bruising.
6. Marfan syndrome, unlike homocystinuria, is not associated with intellectual disability. Homocystinuria associated with venous thrombosis and downward dislocation of the ocular lens (vs. upward dislocation in Marfan syndrome).
University of Hawaii Department of Pediatrics Home Page


Looking for things to do in Southern Illinois? Von Jakob Winery & Brewery has some of the best events on the Shawnee Wine Trail.
Join us every weekend to listen to some of the best southern Illinois music in the area. With indoor and outdoor facilities we have the ability to host great live music throughout the year, rain or shine. We love to support our local southern Illinois musicians but also have acts come from all over the country.
Live music performed at our southern Illinois winery and brewery location in Alto Pass.
Never a cover charge unless noted on the event date.
Use the arrows above to view future months events.
We typically schedule events just a few weeks out, so if you don't seen any events check back again soon.


Fall and plaid go together like peanut butter and jelly! Which makes it safe to say that plaid is here to stay! So no need to worry about this classic plaid top going out of style! It's just as fabulous as it was last year!
I ordered this last fall and again in another color this fall! The fit is perfect with just the right amount of stretch. It is a thin material but is perfect for fall or winter with another layer!