text:
\section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{sec:intro}

In a rich variety of astrophysical objects a compact object accretes mass from an extended ambient gas and launches jets. The jets heat and/or expel the ambient gas, hence reducing the accretion rate, and by that set a negative feedback cycle.
Similar properties of this jet feedback mechanism (JFM) between  different types of systems exist \citep{Soker2016Rev}. Core collapse supernova (CCSN) explosions are events where the JFM might play a decisive role.
Support to the notion that jets play a role in the explosion of many CCSNe
comes from observations (e.g., \citealt{Lopezetal2014, Gonzalezetal2014, Milisavljevicetal2015, Tanakaetal2017}) and  theoretical arguments, including numerical simulations (e.g. \citealt{BrombergTchekhovskoy2016, Gilkis2017, Nishimuraetal2017}).

Most of the above listed theoretical studies assume that the pre-collapse core of the exploding star must be rapidly rotating for the newly born neutron star (NS; or black hole) to launch jets.
Such a degree of rapid rotation can result only by a stellar binary interaction, most likely through a common envelope evolution. As such an evolutionary route is rare, these studies consider jet-driven explosions to be rare, and take place in specific type of CCSNe. These studies assume that the majority of CCSN explosions are driven by neutrinos (e.g., \citealt{Mulller2016}, for a recent review).

We instead adopt the view that all CCSNe explode by jets which operate through the JFM (e.g., \citealt{Gilkisetal2016}). When the pre-collapse core angular velocity is low, pre-collapse turbulence \citep{GilkisSoker2016} and post-collapse instabilities \citep{Papishetal2015a} supply stochastic angular momentum to the gas accreted onto the newly born NS.
In that case the axis of the jets changes direction and the star explodes by jittering jets \citep{Soker2016Rev}.
The post collapse instabilities are mainly the spiral modes of the standing accretion disk instability (SASI; \citealt{Papishetal2015a}), that have been shown to be very persistent and vigorous (e.g., \citealt{ Jankaetal2016, MorenoMendezCantiello2016, Blondinetal2017, Kazeronietal2017}). \cite{SchreierSoker2016} suggest that even if the temporarily specific angular momentum falls somewhat below the value required to form an accretion disk, jets might still be launched.

Several studies have suggested a link between jets in energetic explosions and in weaker explosions (e.g., \citealt{Sobacchietal2017}).
\cite{Marguttietal2014}, for example, find that their observations support theoretical proposals that link relativistic SNe with the weakest observed engine-driven SNe, where they argue that jets barely fail to break out.

In light of these considerations, and the difficulties of the neutrino-driven mechanism (e.g., \citealt{Kushnir2015, Papishetal2015b, Janka2017}), our group (e.g., \citealt{Papishetal2015b, Soker2017a}) has called for a paradigm shift from neutrino-driven explosions to jet-driven explosions of all CCSNe; \cite{Piranetal2017} followed with a similar but a weaker call.

In the present paper we analyze some observations under the assumption that all CCSN explosions are driven by jets. In section \ref{sec:last} we discuss the imprints of the last episode of jets to be launched, in section \ref{sec:morphology} we study three supernova remnants (SNRs) that we did not study before for last jets, and in section \ref{sec:energy} we compare the energy of the last jets in several CCSNRs and energetic CCSNe (SLSNe).
We summarize our main results in section \ref{sec:summary}.

\section{THE LAST EPISODE OF JETS}
\label{sec:last}

 According to the JFM (e.g., \citealt{Gilkisetal2016}) as long as mass is accreted from the collapsing core onto the newly born NS or black hole, jets are launched. After the jets remove the entire core, the accretion ceases and the jets are turned off. However, for a short time after the removal of the entire core some mass is still flowing inward near the NS. This mass launches the last jets in a last jet-launching episode. The last jets expand into an already exploding core, and therefore they are more free to expand and interact with the outer parts of the envelope. Namely, while during most of the jet-launching period the jets collide with the inner parts of the star (inside about $10^4 ~\rm{km}$; \citealt{PapishSoker2011}) and do not leave an imprint on the outer parts, the last jets might interact with the outer parts of the stars \citep{Gilkisetal2016}. This has the following implications.

\textit{1. The formation of ears.} As we discussed in previous papers \citep{GrichenerSoker2017, BearSoker2017, Soker2017c}, the last episode of jets can inflate two ears. Ears are defined as two opposite protrusions from the main SNR shell. The last episode of jets might flow freely to the edge of the expanding envelope, and gently breakout, leaving the imprint of two opposite ears.  The jets leave the NS in opposite directions relative to the NS. However, the ears need not be exactly opposite and equal to each other. Firstly, if the NS has a natal kick (that is not along the axis of the jets) the two jets will have a tangential velocity component (relative to their axis) in the same direction. Secondly, the expanding stellar gas is expected to be clumpy because of instabilities in the explosion process, and because of the earlier jets. Hence, the two jets will encounter different environments. The outcomes of these processes are that the two opposite and identical jets at launching, do not necessarily form identical and exactly opposite ears.
We note that the ears are formed by the last jets that do not encounter the dense core of the star. They are launched by the mass that is accreted on to the central NS after the core has been exploded. We here raise the possibility that in some cases this last accreted material leads to to two jets'-launching episodes, that in turn might form two pairs of ears that are inclined to each other.
We study two SNRs with ears in section \ref{sec:morphology}.

 In relation to the last episode of jets, we note the followings. In a fallback flow, material that initially moves out later falls back onto the NS. In the last episode considered here the gas always falls in. Nonetheless, we do note that \cite{Utrobinetal2015} performed 3D explosion simulations (see also \citealt{Rantsiouetal2011}), and did not find that jets are formed by the accreted fallback gas. Our proposed scenario implies that the launching of jets is a complicated process that requires more ingredients in the numerical simulations, e.g., magnetic fields.

\textit{2. Lower than explosion energy.} The last jets carry only a small fraction of the explosion energy (see section \ref{sec:energy}). Since only the last jets leave any imprint on the outer regions, any estimate of the jets' energy that is based on the imprints of the jets on the outer parts of the expanding gas will yield an energy much lower than the explosion energy. Therefore, the finding that the imprints of jets in the outer regions of the expanding gas result from energy lower than the explosion energy cannot be used as an argument against the jet-driven explosion, but as an expected result.

\textit{3. Departure from spherical symmetry in the outer parts.} In the jittering jets explosion mechanism at each jets'-launching episodes the two jets are launched along the same symmetry axis but in opposite directions relative to the NS (or black hole). This symmetry axis, however, is different for different jets'-launching episodes \citep{PapishSoker2011}. Namely, the symmetry axis of the two opposite jets has different directions at different jet-launching episodes.
The explosion has a global spherical morphology. The last jets are launched along one direction, and they have the largest imprint on the morphology of the outer regions. For that, in the jittering jet explosion mechanism the explosion might have a global spherical inner region, and a general bipolar outer region. We suggested that this general flow structure accounts for the morphology of the SNR Cassiopeia A \citep{Gilkisetal2016, Soker2017c}. Another CCSN that this flow structure might account for is SN~2014ad.
From their spectropolarimetric data, \cite{Stevanceetal2017} conclude that SN~2014ad has a nearly spherical interior, and an aspherical outer ejecta.
They, then argue that it is difficult to reconcile the geometry of the deeper ejecta with a jet-driven explosion. We, on the other hand, suggest that the jittering jets explosion mechanism might explain this morphology.

\section{IMPRINTS OF LAST JETS IN THREE SNRs }
\label{sec:morphology}

In this section we analyze the structure of three CCSNRs: G292.0+1.8, N49B and RCW 103. The CCSNRs G292.0+1.8 and N49B contain two protrusions from the main SNR shell which sustain the required properties in order to be considered as ears, according to the criteria listed by \cite{GrichenerSoker2017}. We present images of these CCSNRs, on which we mark some morphological features that we will use in section \ref{sec:energy} to calculate the ratio of the energy that was required to inflate the ears to the total explosion energy.

In both images we use a green double-headed arrow to mark the diameter of the base of the ear on the SNR, a red double-headed arrow to mark the diameter of the ear, and an orange double-headed arrow to mark the diameter of the SNR. For CCSNR RCW 103 which has no observed ears, we chose a different method. We compare its morphology to planetary nebulae (PNe) that share the same observed morphology features, and in addition have jets (e.g., \citealt{Tocknelletal2014} and a review by \citealt{Soker2016Rev}). We use these similarities to argue that the SNR RCW 103 was shaped by jets that are not active any more.

\subsection{G292.0+1.8}

In Fig. \ref{G292.0+1.8} we present the structure of the CCSNR G292.0+1.8 in several wavelengths, and mark the relevant morphological features.
Although small, we can note the two opposite ears on most panels, as marked. We assume that these ears were inflated by the last jets that are long gone. As in our earlier papers, we take the direction of the two opposite dead jets to be along the line connecting the two ears, as marked in all panels (by a white line in the upper left panel, by a blue line in the upper right panel, and by black lines in the lower panels).
\begin{figure}
\centering
\hskip -6.00 cm
\includegraphics[width=22cm]{G292018.pdf}\\
\vskip -2.00 cm
\caption{Images of the CCSNR G292.0+1.8 in various wavelengths. In all panels the line from upper left to lower right is our assumed symmetry axis that connects the two ears.
    \textit{Upper left panel:} A composite image taken from the Chandra gallery (based on \citealt{Parketal2007}). Red, orange, green and blue colors represent O~Ly$\alpha$ combined with Ne~He$\alpha$ ($0.58 - 0.71$ and $0.88 - 0.95 ~\rm{keV}$), Ne~Ly$\alpha$ ($0.98 - 1.10 ~\rm{keV}$), Mg~He$\alpha$ ($1.28-1.43 ~\rm{keV}$), and Si~He$\alpha$ combined with S~He$\alpha$ ($1.81 - 2.05$ and $2.40 - 2.62 ~\rm{keV}$), respectively. White represents the optical band.
    \textit{Upper right panel:} Zero velocity H$\alpha$ image taken from \cite{Ghavamian2005}. The blue solid line connects the two opposite ears, while the pink solid double-headed arrow is a possible symmetry axis defined by the two bright H$\alpha$ arcs.
    \textit{Lower left panel:} An optical ([O~\rom{3}]) image taken from \cite{WinklerLong2006} and reproduced by \cite{Ghavamian2012}.
    \textit{Lower right panel:} A 510 Ks Chandra X-ray image in $0.3-8.0 ~\rm{keV}$ taken from \cite{Parketal2007} and reproduced by \cite{Ghavamian2012}.}
\label{G292.0+1.8}
\end{figure}

 On the upper right panel of Fig. \ref{G292.0+1.8} we marked two possible symmetry axes. The blue line connects the two ears, as in the other three panels. The pink line marks the symmetry axis of the two bright H$\alpha$ arcs. This line is based on the morphology of many PNe that have a similar structure and in addition have ears and/or jets, as we discuss in section \ref{subsec:RCW103} below. As the two symmetry lines are very close to each other, we take it to imply that the same two opposite jets shaped the ears and the bright H$\alpha$ arcs. We further discuss this in relation to the PN NGC~40 in section \ref{subsec:RCW103}.

\subsection{N49B}
\label{subsec:N49B}

The ears of the SNR N49B are complicated. In the left panel of Fig. \ref{N49B.eps} we present two possibilities for the western ears. In the first case the ears are almost symmetric in size and are represented by the solid green and red double-headed arrows. In the second case the western ear is much larger and has a major offset to the north as marked by the dashed double-headed arrows. The eastern ear can either be the same as the one we see and is marked, or possibly a larger symmetrical eastern ear exists, but it is too faint to be observed. Other possibilities are that it has already been dispersed, or it is projected on the main SNR. The later explanation is quite possible, as it seems that the line that connects the two equal size ears, the white solid line, is tilted with respect to the plane of the sky, i.e., the eastern ear might be projected on to the much brighter main shell, hence undetectable.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=13cm]{N49B_V4_28072017.pdf}\\
\centering
\caption{ The left panel shows a broadband image of N49B taken from the Chandra gallery (based on \citealt{Parketal2003}). The Pink color is composed of the energy bands $0.3-3.0 ~\rm{keV}$, while the cyan represents a Mg line ($1280 - 1440 ~\rm{eV}$). The white line marks the symmetry axis of the equal-size ears, which is perpendicular to the radius of the SNR (marked by the orange double-headed arrow). The solid green double-headed arrows mark the locations of the diameter of the base of each of the two visible and well defined opposite ears. The red double-headed arrows mark the diameter of those ears. The dashed double-headed arrow represents the corresponding quantities for a larger possible western ear. The right panel is an X-ray image of N49B with no marks. In this panel the red, green, and blue colors represent the energy bands $0.3-0.8 ~\rm{keV}$, $0.8-1.5 ~\rm{keV}$, and $1.5-3.0 ~\rm{keV}$, respectively. Another image showing the large western ear is given by \cite{Williamsetal2006}.
}
\label{N49B.eps}
\end{figure}

One possible explanation to the presence of both large and small western ears is an interaction with the ISM. Another possibility is that the jets from the last two jet-launching episodes made their imprints on the SNR, and the two jets' symmetry axes were tilted with respect to each other.

\subsection{RCW 103}
\label{subsec:RCW103}

  In Fig. \ref{RCW103} we present the CCSNR RCW 103 along with three PNe. We see no ears in the CCSNR RCW 103 but present it here as we attribute some of its morphological features to the last jets in the frame of the jittering-jets explosion mechanism. Based on its morphological similarity to many PNe, we suggest that it was shaped by jets that inflated ears. Either the ears in RCW 103 are too faint to be observed, or they have already been dispersed in the ISM.
In Fig. \ref{RCW103} we present three PNe that have two arcs and jets but no ears. All the PNe are thought to have been shaped by jets. We emphasize again the similarity between these PNe and RCW 103 (as well as other CCSNe), with respect to the role of the last jets. In PNe the main part of the nebula was ejected by the asymptotic giant branch stellar progenitor. In the PNe we present here, the jets have shaped some parts of this nebula. In CCSNe, the main mass of the ejecta was ejected during the explosion. We are only examining the role of the last jets in shaping some parts of the ejecta, and later the main SNR shell that contains also the swept-up ISM. The shaping of the main nebula/shell by the final jets is similar in the PNe we present here and the CCSNRs we study here, including RCW~103 that has no observable ears.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width=15cm]{PIC_RCW103_PNe_Final.pdf}\\
\vskip -2.20 cm
\centering
\caption{A comparison of similar morphological features between the CCSNR RCW~103 and three PNe, A~63 (image taken from \citealt{Mitchelletal2007}), NGC~40 (both images are from \citealt{Meaburnetal1996}), and NGC~3918 (both images are from \citealt{Corradietal1999}; images are rotated so that the jets are vertical).
The image of RCW~103 is a composite X-ray image in three energy bands (low=red, medium=green, highest=blue) combined with an optical image from the Digitized Sky Survey (image taken from the Chandra website based on \citealt{Reaetal2016}).
The proposed original directions of the, already dead, jets in the CCSNR RCW~103 are marked by yellow thick arrows.}
\label{RCW103}
\end{figure}

The PNe presented in Fig. \ref{RCW103} and their relevant properties are as follows.
\newline
\textit{Abell 63. } The structure of A~63 demonstrates the presence of two bright arcs and far-away two opposite faint jets. The jets shaped the inner bright part to have a hollow cylindrical shape, that on projection reveals two arcs.
For more PNe that show jets together with a hollowed central bright nebula see for example \cite{GarciaDiazetal2012}, \cite{Clarketal2013} and \cite{Clyneetal2015}.
Had the jets of A~63 been a little fainter, we would not have detected them. Presented is a deep H$\alpha$ + [N II]~λ6584\AA~image taken from \cite{Mitchelletal2007}, that is  based on \cite{PollaccoBell1997}.

\textit{NGC 40.} The left and right images of NGC~40 in Fig. \ref{RCW103} emphasize the arcs and jets, respectively. The jets are much fainter than the arcs, and in the future it is likely that the jets will not be detected any more, only the bright nebula with its arcs. Interestingly, the line connecting the southern jet with the northern one before it is bent, is somewhat tilted with respect to the symmetry axis of the arcs (a line through the center parallel to the arcs). Earlier jets could have had different directions, like precessing jets, and hence the arcs have a different symmetry axis. In any case, the jets shaped the arcs despite the tilted direction.
The two images of NGC~40 are taken from \cite{Meaburnetal1996}, and both are H$\alpha$ + [NII] 6584\AA~ intensity maps.
The right panel of NGC~40 is in a logarithmic scale (see also
\citealt{Balicketal1992} on this PN, and on NGC~6804 that also presents arcs and polar outflows).

The tilted symmetry axes in NGC~40 teach us also on the CCSNR~G292.0+1.8, where the symmetry axis of the ears is somewhat tilted with respect to the symmetry axis of the arcs (upper right panel of Fig. \ref{G292.0+1.8}). The PN NGC~40 strengthens our claim that jets shaped both ears and arcs in SNR~G292.0+1.8.

\textit{NGC~3918.} As with NGC~40, the left and right images emphasize the arcs and jets, respectively. The images are taken from \cite{Corradietal1999} who study the jets in NGC~3918, and where more details of this PN and its observations are given
(see also \citealt{Corradietal2003}). For us the important structures are the arcs and jets that share a symmetry axis, and as with the other PNe, the jets are much fainter. The fainter jets imply that in many cases the jets are below detection limit, and only the arcs are observed. This is our claim for the CCSNR RCW~103.

We summarize this subsection by restating our claim, based on the similarities presented in Fig. \ref{RCW103} between the CCSNR RCW~103 and three PNe (and there are many more PNe with similar morphologies), that jets shaped the structure of RCW~103. However, unlike the case when ears are observed, in this case we have no information to calculate the energy of these jets. This conclusion is based on the assumption that the elongated structures along the symmetry axis of PNe were formed by jets (see review by \citealt{Soker2016Rev}).

\section{THE ENERGY OF THE LAST JETS }
\label{sec:energy}

To calculate the energy that was required to inflate the ears relative to the kinetic energy of the SNR shell, we follow the procedure used by \cite{GrichenerSoker2017}, where more details can be found. We here briefly list only the basic assumptions of that procedure.
(1) The SNR was spherical before jets shaped the ears. (2) The ejecta (that together with the swept-up ISM later forms the main shell) was uniform with a constant density per surface unit area. (3) The mass in the jets was small relative to the mass of the ejecta of the SNR, and their velocity higher than that of the ejecta. (4) The jets shaped the ears shortly after the explosion. (5) Each ear has a more or less hemi-spherical shape. For that we need the base and radius of each ear, as marked on Figs. \ref{G292.0+1.8} and \ref{N49B.eps} by double-headed arrows. (6) The velocities of the ears and SNR ejecta did not change since the formation of the ears. (7) The SNR expands into  a uniform ISM.
We do note that not all assumptions hold for all CCSNRs. For example, the CCSNR W44 expands into a nonuniform medium. Also, in a recent paper \cite{ZhouVink2017} raise the possibility that W49B might be a remnant of a type Ia SN (if this claim holds, then W49B does not belong to our study).

Under these simplifying assumptions, we calculate the extra energy that was required to accelerate the portion of the ejecta that was shaped by the jet to form an ear, $\Delta E_{\rm ear}$, relative to the initial kinetic energy of the entire ejecta, which under our assumption is the explosion energy $E_{\rm SNR}$ (technical details can be found in \citealt{GrichenerSoker2017})
\begin{equation}
\epsilon_{\rm ear} \equiv \frac{\Delta E_{\rm ear}}{E_{\rm SNR}} .
\label{eq:epsilon1}
\end{equation}
As not all the kinetic energy of the jet was deposited in the ear that the jet inflated, i.e., some energy was radiated away, the energy of the jet was somewhat larger than the present energy in the ear $E_{\rm jet} \ga \Delta E_{\rm ear}$.

In Table \ref{table:calculations} we list the value of $\epsilon_{\rm ear}$ for each of the two ears of the 10 SNR, and for one ear in the Crab Nebula. These values for the first 8 SNRs are taken from \cite{GrichenerSoker2017}, for W49B from \cite{BearSoker2017}, and the last two SNRs are the new ones studied here. For N49B we list the energy both for the western small ear and for the western large ear.
We note that one of these SNR is the Vela SNR which was recently suggested by \cite{Garciaetal2017} to contain a jet like structure similar to SNR Cass A.

The quantity $\epsilon_{\rm ears}$ given in the fourth column is the sum of the values for the two ears. In columns fifth and sixth we list the minimum, $E_{\rm SN, min}$, and maximum, $E_{\rm SN, max}$, explosion energies (in units of $10^{51} ~\rm{erg}$) that we found in the literature (listed in the last column).
The seventh column gives the age of the CCSNR.
\begin{table}[bp]
 \begin{tabular}{||c c c c c c l c ||}
 \hline
 SNR & $\epsilon_{\rm west}$ & $\epsilon_{\rm east}$ & $\epsilon_{\rm ears}$ &
 $E_{\rm SN,min}$ & $E_{\rm SN,max}$ & Age [~\rm{yrs}] & References for $E_{\rm SN}$   \\ [0.5ex]
 \hline
 Cassiopeia A & 0.038 & 0.064  & 0.1 & 2 & 3 & 350 & \cite{LamingHwang2003} \\
& & & & & & &   \cite{Orlandoetal2016}  \\
 3C58 &  0.037 & 0.032 & 0.07 & 0.001 & 0.009 & 835 &  \cite{Bocchinoetal2001} \\
Puppis A &  0.009 & 0.010 & 0.02 & 1 & 1 & 1990 & \cite{WinklerPetre2007} \\
S147 &  0.039 & 0.072 & 0.11 & 1 & 3 & 30,000  & \cite{Katsutaetal2012} \\
Vela &  0.005 & 0.004 & 0.01 & 0.12 & 0.14 & 11,400 & \cite{Bocchinoetal1999} \\
& & & & & & &  \cite{Sushchetal2011}  \\
G309.2-00.6 &  0.039 & 0.03 & 0.07 & 1 & 1 & 4000 & \cite{Gaensleretal1998} \\
W44 &  0.034 & 0.029 &  0.06 & 0.7 & 0.9 & 20,000 & \cite{Harrusetal1997}  \\
Crab Nebula & $-$ & 0.034 & 0.03 & 0.05 & 0.15 & 963  & \cite{Kitauraetal2006} \\
& & & & & & &  \cite{YangChevalier2015}  \\
W49B  &0.1 &0.2  & 0.3 & 0.12 & 1.2 & 1000 & \cite{Micelietal2008} \\
& & & & & & &  \cite{Shimizuetal2013}  \\
G292.0+1.8 &0.035 &0.05  &0.04 & 0.02 & 0.3 & 3000 & \cite{Hughesetal1994} \\
N49B &0.01 &0.01 & 0.02  & 2.7 & 3.1 & 10,000 &\cite{Hughesetal1998} \\
     & 0.24 &$-$ & 0.24 &  & &  &     \\
 \hline
\end{tabular}
\centering
\caption{The ratio $\epsilon_{\rm ear}$, defined in equation (\ref{eq:epsilon1}) as the extra energy in each ear divided by the explosion energy, for 11 CCSNRs; for the western ear ($\epsilon_{\rm west}$) and eastern ear ($\epsilon_{\rm east}$), in the  second and third columns, respectively. For W49B and G292.0+1.8 the second column is for the southern ear and the third column is for the northern ear. The quantity $\epsilon_{\rm ears}$ in the fourth column is the combined values of the two ears. The fifth and sixth columns list the minimum and maximum explosion energy of the SNR (in units of $10^{51} ~\rm{erg}$), as we found in the literature listed in the last column. In the seventh column we list the approximate age of the CCSNR in years, as we found in the following references (same order as in the table). \cite{Ghiotto2015}; \cite{Kothes2016}; \cite{Aschenbach2015}; \cite{Gvaramadze2006}; \cite{Reichleyetal1970} + \cite{SushchHnatyk2014}; \cite{Gaensleretal1998}; \cite{Coxetal1999}; \cite{PolcaroMartocchia2006}; \cite{Lopezetal2009};\cite{Winkleretal2009}; \cite{Parketal2003}. {{{{{ We note that the SNRs S147, W44, and N49B are very old. It is expected that the shaping of these could have been substantially influenced by the ISM. }}}}}
}
\label{table:calculations}
\end{table}

In Fig. \ref{figure:EnergyGraph} we place the 11 CCSNRs we have studied on a plane representing the ratio of the ears energy to SNR shell energy, $\epsilon_{\rm ears}$, as function of the explosion energy. We also place the six CCSNe that were studied by \cite{Piranetal2017}. These are Super Luminous Supernovae (SLSNe) of type Ib/Ic/IIb, and with very energetic explosions. Their progenitor mass was very high.
\cite{Piranetal2017} obtain the energy in the jets for SLSNe shortly after the explosion, much before the remnant phase. From their estimated energy of the jets, $E_{\rm SN,jets}$ and the explosion energy $E_{\rm SN}$, we calculated the ratio $\epsilon_{\rm SN,jets} \equiv E_{\rm SN,jets}/E_{\rm SN}$ for each of the six objects. We note that there is no correlation in that graph, and the large uncertainties in the explosion energy of some CCSNRs have no influence on our conclusions.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\textwidth]{EnergyGraph.pdf}
\caption{Placement of 11 CCSNRs (blue dots) and 6 SLSNe (red crosses) on a diagram of $\epsilon$ (that stands for $\epsilon_{\rm ears}$ or $\epsilon_{\rm SN, jets}$, respectively) versus the explosion energy $E_{\rm SN}$.
The blue dots represent the ratio of the energy in the two ears combined to that of the SNR shell, $\epsilon_{\rm ears}$, as defined in equation (\ref{eq:epsilon1}) and listed in the fourth column of Table \ref{table:calculations}. The black horizontal lines connect dots for the same SNR of the minimum and maximum values of the explosion energy,
$E_{\rm {SN,min}}$ and $E_{\rm {SN,max}}$, respectively, that we take from the literature (columns 5-7 in Table \ref{table:calculations}).  The vertical dotted pink line connects the two options for the western ear of N49B. The red crosses represent the ratio of jets to explosion energy
$\epsilon_{\rm SN,jets} \equiv E_{\rm SN,jets}/E_{\rm SN}$, for the six SLSNe studied by \cite{Piranetal2017}, where the values of $E_{\rm SN,jets}$ and $E_{\rm SN}$ are taken from their Table 1.
}
\label{figure:EnergyGraph}
\end{figure}

 The $\epsilon - E_{\rm SN}$ diagram in Fig. \ref{figure:EnergyGraph} (where $\epsilon$ stands for either $\epsilon_{\rm ears}$ or $\epsilon_{\rm SN,jets}$) teaches as the following.
(1) The ratio of the ears/jets energy to the explosion energy in all SLSNe and CCSNRs is less than unity, $\epsilon <1$. This is compatible with the expectation of the JFM (section \ref{sec:last}).
(2) When we consider that the energy of the ears is a minimum value for the energy of the jets that inflated the ears, we find that the general range of the ratio $\epsilon$ is the same for CCSNRs (where the ratio is based on ears) and for SLSNe (where the ratio is calculated from the explosion properties).
(3) The ratio $\epsilon$ does not depend much on the explosion energy over more than three orders of magnitude (hence the uncertainties in the explosion energy of some CCSNRs is of no significance here).

\section{SUMMARY}
\label{sec:summary}

We analyzed the morphology of three CCSNRs to obtain some clues on the explosion mechanism of CCSNe. Based on the presence of two opposite protrusions, termed ears, from the SNR main shell (Figs. \ref{G292.0+1.8} and \ref{N49B.eps}) and from the similarities of these three CCSNRs to the morphologies of many PNe (Fig. \ref{RCW103}), we argued that two opposite jets that were launched shortly after the explosion of the core shaped these CCSNRs. We grouped these three CCSNRs together with nine CCSNRs that we studied in previous papers, where we also argued for shaping by jets \citep{GrichenerSoker2017, BearSoker2017}.

\textit{The new morphologies strengthen our earlier claims that jets play a role in the explosion mechanism of CCSNe (see section \ref{sec:intro}).}

We found the ratio $\epsilon_{\rm ear}$ of the extra kinetic energy of each ear to the explosion energy $E_{\rm SN}$ (equation \ref{eq:epsilon1}), which we took to be the kinetic energy of the SNR ejecta. We listed these values, and the two values combined $\epsilon_{\rm ears}$, for the two CCSNRs with ears studied here in the last rows of Table \ref{table:calculations}. For the CCSNR N49B we listed energies for the small and large western ear. We then placed the two new CCSNRs and the nine CCSNRs we studied in our earlier papers on the $\epsilon_{\rm ears} - E_{\rm SN}$ plane (Fig. \ref{figure:EnergyGraph}).
We also placed on the $\epsilon_{\rm SN, jets} - E_{\rm SN}$ plane the six SLSNe studied by \cite{Piranetal2017}, where in that case instead of the ears energy we took the energy of the two jets to calculate the value of $\epsilon_{\rm SN, jets}$.

From Fig. \ref{figure:EnergyGraph} we learn that the relative energies of the jets that are detected in energetic CCSNe (SLSNe) and those that are inferred to shape ears in CCSNRs share the same range, and that this relative jets' energy is less than unity, $\epsilon_{\rm ears} < 0.5$ and $\epsilon_{\rm jets} < 0.5$ in the figure.
 As we explained in section \ref{sec:last}, in the jet feedback explosion mechanism of CCSNe only the jets of the last launching episode (or last two episodes) have their imprints on the outskirts of the expanding gas. The energy in these jets is from about a percent to tens of percents of the explosion energy.

\textit{We conclude that the finding that jets that leave their imprints on the outer ejecta of regular CCSNe and of SLSNe carry only a small fraction of the explosion energy, is compatible with the jet feedback explosion mechanism of massive stars. }

 We do point out that although in this paper we discuss the imprints of jets on the outer parts of the ejecta, the opposite can also take place. In the CCSNR RCW~103, for example (Fig. \ref{RCW103}), the jets influenced the entire SNR, along the faint region from the center out in the two opposite directions marked by the yellow arrows. In cases when the last jets strongly jitter and/or are of very short duration, they will leave imprints in the inner regions rather than in the outer regions.

The usage of CCSNRs can reveal more information on the explosion mechanism. In a future work we plan to address the relative motion of the NS and the SNR within the frame of the JFM.
For example, in a recent paper \cite{HollandAshfordetal2017} compare the morphology of CCSNRs with the motion of the NS at their center. We note that four out of the six SNRs that they show in their figure 4 have been studied by us for jets, here and in previous papers. From the direction of the jets that we deduce and the NS motion given by \cite{HollandAshfordetal2017} in each of these four CCSNRs, we have tentative indications that the natal kick of the NS is more or less perpendicular to the axis of the last jets.

We end the present study by reiterating our call for a paradigm shift from neutrino-driven explosion to a jet-driven explosion (e.g., \citealt{Papishetal2015b, Soker2017a}).

 We thank an anonymous referee for detail and helpful comments. This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation and a grant from the Asher Space Research Institute at the Technion. A.G. was supported by The Rothschild Scholars Program- Technion Program for Excellence.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Beautiful product will finish off any gift beautifully. Thank you for supporting our friends in Nepal by purchasing some of our Lokta paper gift wrap. All the paper is Fair Trade and handmade from Lokta, a plant native to the Himalayas. Through this product we support Get Paper Industries (GPI), an incredible, socially aware cooperative in Nepal.
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text:
ICCPL Founder makes it to 40 under 40 list of achievers in PR industry
New Delhi: Dushyant Sinha, Founder of Integrated Centre for Consultancy Pvt Ltd (ICCPL) has made it to 40-under-40 List of achievers in Public Relations & Communications industry by Exchange4media. Last month, he was also adjudged amongst 40 young Turks by...
Dushyant Sinha, founder, Integrated Centre for consultancy Pvt Ltd (ICCPL), made it to 40 under 40 List of achievers in public Relations & Communications industry by Exchange4media. Last month, he was also adjudged amongst 40 young Turks by Reputation Today...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
CPGS 2019
Council for Play and Game Studies
Playing Pedagogically!
MA/PHD Play and Game Studies Programs
If you would like to take graduate courses in game design and/or play and games studies but don't know where to start, here are some programs that specialize in studying games and game development:
Clemson University: Rhetorics, Communication, and Information Design
Rhetorics, Communication, and Information Design is interested in an overall balance of ecologies in rhetorics and communication. Our program offers a cross-cultural, transdisciplinary curriculum with a conceptual emphasis on knowing, doing, and making–or theoretical, practical, and productive approaches to knowledge. Our students take positions, for the most part, in departments of English and Communication Studies, as well as departments of New Media.To find out more about the program, visit: https://rcid.sites.clemson.edu/ and contact Victor Vitanza (Program Head) or Cynthia Haynes and Jan Holmevik (the game specialists).
Program keywords: interdisciplinary, rhetorics, new media, making
Alma College: New Media Studies
Within the interdisciplinary New Media Studies major are two courses focused on game design and many courses that incorporate games, play, gamification, and design.To find out more about the program, go to: http://www.alma.edu/academics/new-media-studies/ and contact Lauren Woolbright.
Program keywords: game design, interdisciplinary, game studies
Worcester Polytechnic Institute: Interactive Media and Game Development
Interactive Media and Game development has courses in game design, computer programming, 2d and 3d art, writing for games, game audio, games criticism, and game production and management.To find out more about the program, visit: https://www.wpi.edu/academics/departments/interactive-media-game-development and contact Jennifer DeWinter.
Program keywords: game development, game design, game studies
University of Utah: Entertainment Arts and Engineering
Entertainment Arts and Engineering has graduate programs in game arts, game engineering, game production, and technical arts.To find out more about the program, go to: https://eae.utah.edu/graduate-programs/
November 3, 2017 rescolby
One thought on "MA/PHD Play and Game Studies Programs"
Lauren Woolbright
Alma is a liberal arts college and does not currently have graduate programs, so the NMS program in game design is for undergraduates. I'm still happy to talk with people about game studies, though!
Previous Post Apply to the HASTAC Scholars Program!
Join our open CPGS Group!
CPGS on Twitter
The Council for Play and Games is a standing group that meets annually at the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC). The group is dedicated to meeting the needs of writing scholars and teachers who are interested in using play and games in the classroom and in considering the function and utility of games in society.
View Council for Play and Game Studies at CCCC's profile on Facebook
View @cpgs_cccc's profile on Twitter


Registration for the 2019 meeting will open JuLY 1, 2019.
Please note that there is no single day registration option for the meeting.
Registration fees include the scientific program, breakfast, sit-down lunch, coffee breaks, and opening night reception.
Should you need further information on the registration process, please contact Heather Pettis.


text:
Q: After giving style as display block not working Hi in the html design after adding display as inline block then also logo and text both are not displaying in a single line

.logo img {
    border-width: 0;
    height: auto;
    max-width: 100%;
    vertical-align: left;
}
.logo-text {
    clear: both;
    display: inline-block;
    overflow: hidden;
}

Tagore English School

New Millennium High School

"IMPARTING CONCRETE EDUCATION IS OUR MOTTO"

A: You need to make the logo div inline-block also:
.logo {
 display:inline-block;
 }

.logo {
  display: inline-block;
}
.logo img {
  border-width: 0;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
  vertical-align: left;
}
.logo-text {
  clear: both;
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: top;
  overflow: hidden;
}

Tagore English School

New Millennium High School

"IMPARTING CONCRETE EDUCATION IS OUR MOTTO"

A: You have a few issues here, clear:both; which will clear the .logo and you'll also need to apply the display property to both divs as they are by their nature block elements.
Then you'll need to position your logo using float and margins.
As a side note, vertical-align accepts a vertical property top, middle, bottom not a horizontal property left, center, right

.logo {
  float: left;
  margin: 30px 30px 0 0;
}

.logo,
.logo-text {
  display: inline-block;
}

.logo img {
  border-width: 0;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.logo-text {
  overflow: hidden;
}

Tagore English School

New Millennium High School

"IMPARTING CONCRETE EDUCATION IS OUR MOTTO"

A: You have to make image div display inline.so make the logo div display inline to display both things.

*

*Add this to your css
.logo {
 display:inline-block;
 }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When I was growing up, I absolutely loved my Swiss Army knife. I brought that little red package of magic with me everywhere, especially on camping trips. After a while though, the little plastic toothpick fell out of its slot and was lost for good. Then, same strange thing happened with the tweezers. And another time the spring-hinge snapped out of the little scissors, making them useless.
All of which didn't mean a thing to me: the knife part was still good. As long as the knife was on it there was no problem. In fact, I don't even know why they included all those 'other' features – all I ever wanted was the knife.
Skype for Business is like that Swiss Army knife.
People are buying a bundle of features, but they're hardly using any of them. What's worse, they are not even using the knife, they are using the tweezers (Majority of users are not using video conferencing but rather instant massaging feature).
Not only are companies spending money on unused tools, it's also seriously hindering their chances at driving real change and results through modern communication & collaboration suite.


Take a deep dive into the evolution of Spanish cuisine with Chef Paco at Casa de Tapas. This is a truly unique opportunity to venture through history, guided by your appetite, with a delicious menu designed to be as flavourful as it is informative. Experience the vivacious culture in full with a Flamenco dancer who will both perform and train guests on the iconic dancing style, with the night wrapping up with festive tunes by resident DJ Javi Beat. Only ten spaces are available per day, so sign up early to book this experience.


Due to a recent and sudden loss, the team will take a break from Paperpokés for a little while.
As some of you may have already heard, our beloved Paperbuff - one of the co-founders and our dearest friend - passed away last weekend, at the young age of 44. She is survived by her husband and 3 young sons.
For those of us who knew her, it was evident from the outset that she was a beautiful, generous and kind soul. She has touched the lives of so many and she will be dearly missed by us all; she will live on in the memories of those who love her.
We want to take this time to offer our sincere and dearest condolences to her friends and family. You're in our minds, hearts and prayers.
I just recently met Paperbuff... I don't know if I should be sad that I only had a couple of brief conversations with her, or be glad that we did have those conversations.
Somehow, she made this whole place... feel just like home.
You will be missed Paperbuff, both in our hearts and the heart of your Mother country.
Wow.....I'm speechless. I mean that's really young. You will be missed Paperbuff.
I'll try to finish the totodile as soon as possible.
I really can't believe this has happened.
You will be missed so dearly, I personally did not know paperbuff, but just like anyone else, I am traumatised.
She was such a skilled paperpoke member, and her creations will live on forever, just as she will in our hearts.
I'm so sad when I hear ... . Although I did not meet her, but I always admire your creations. Paperbuff - you will live forever in your models and in my heart too.
Once more times, thank you so much for all adorable things you create.
No. Nobody can ever replace her and nobody will. You think building models was all she did? Well youre wrong. Very wrong.
Paperbuff played a much greater role in our community than just a "testbuilder".. She has positively affected many others, including me, was highly respected, and always will be.
As for the people who are responsible for this blog... I don't care if you get a new testbuilder to help out, just promise me that she won't be taken off the team..
Is there any contact with her family right now? If there's a memorial fund set up, or some other way they'd like her memorialized, and they wish to open that to our community, I think all of us who are able would be honored to participate.
I just heard the bad news... and I'm full of grief. Although we only had contact through the internet, I think I can say we were good friends.
I'm really going to miss the conversations and fun we had, and I just wished I would have spent more time with you.
Rest in peace Paperbuff... We'll miss you.
to RMDC, for now, due to the nature of internet, we prefer if members of the community write some kind words to the family in here. We'll make sure the family receives them.
for the rest, we'd prefer to receive the family permission before setting up anything.
dms_akuma233@hotmail.com <- my email if you need help or something.
Too many people are using this as an opportunity to try and get picked up as a team member. It's sad. Really really sad, people. I haven't done this for long, but the sheer quality of her work was astounding and inspiring.
I can almost guarantee anyone offering their skills here will have the least chance to ever be a builder for PP. My opinion is not the only one that counts, but it is this- You sicken me. Trying to fill someone's spot in a post dedicated to their life, because of their death. It is in horrible taste, and at a horrible time. Chartodileon said it much better than I can, or will, and I thank him for that. He is entirely right- she could never be replaced.
"Thanks a lot for taking the time to explain and giving tips to newbies like me, a great contributor to the papercraft community I must say!"
... And then this has to happen?
My condolences to all that new her and her family. I didn't know her but I do know what it's like to have a family,and all of a sudden lose someone.All my love to all that new her and her family.
I didn't know Paperbuff but it's very sad when someone passes so long before their time.
My hope is that this loss doesn't cause the rest of the Paperpokes team to stop working on and making paper models. Even though I didn't know her I can easily tell from just reading about her that that would be the last thing she would wish.
I do not like writing this in English.
Yo sigo su blog desde hace un tiempo y realmente siento mucho la perdida de una parte del grupo, mis condolencias.
Sympathies to the family of Paperbuff.
She has contributed immensely to the Pokémon papercraft community, and her influence could be felt throughout the entire community. Her dedication to her proliferating this hobby has allowed thousands of people to make crafts that are both fulfilling and bring joy to themselves and others.
I am sure she will be missed, and her spirit will forever live in the creations of Pokémon papercraft.
My condolences, guys. I never met Paperbuff, but I knew she helped out a lot both with this site & Nintendo Papercraft. We'll miss her.
Hi, my name is Haywan Chiu, a member of the papercraft community in which Paperbuff was a part of. The papercraft hobby attracts the attention of many teenagers, and teaches them how to be patient, careful, and diligent workers. Through her work, many members of the community and myself saw Paperbuff as a person with all of these qualities. You probably don't realize it as well as the community can, but she played a significant role in the lives of many members of the younger generation.
She will be missed and her contributions were priceless.
Don't Worry. She's in the right hand of God where she belongs I bet she was awesome I was inspired by her..
Oh...wow. That is depressing. I do believe that even from Heaven she will continue to inspire all of you there at Paperpoke. I hope you can continue to create such exquisite paper crafts. You know she'd want you too. And good choice of using Lapras as the pokemon for your ad.
I can't think of any way to express my sorrow. I'm a long time die hard pokemon fan an my junior high art class just made one of paperbuff's models. May she live on through her work, phanpy.
I'll try making a Lapres for her loss. (not being rude or anything) Anyway, I saw the image, and read this post. So I will try to make a Lapres for her.
I'm new to this site and although i never met Paperbuff, i'm sorry to hear about your loss. For with the loss of her, everyone who has ever met her or encountered one of her art projects shall feel like they have lost a piece of themselves.
I haven´t see this post and I really like it, I´m so sorry for your lost, thanks a lot for all the papermodels you have here. God bless you!
We are newbies to this site and very very sad to hear this.
"It doesn't matter how long you live, but what you do while you live is what matters" a saying goes.I'm a newbe here, and I didn't know Paperbuff, but judging from her creations, the way people describe her and talk for her, I'm sure that she was a very nice and kindhearted person, and that she had done many things while she lived, many for others.I wish I had a chance to meet her, or at least chat with her through the internet.I'm sure that it hurts to lose someone you love, that be a friend, your mother, your wife.But I'm sure that she's now in the heaven, and that she would want you to continue your excellent work with Paperpokes.
I am so sorry. I wish i got to know her.
But everybody knows there comes a time in life, when you have to pass on. I mean, everybody dies, right? But sometimes, it just happens to one of your loved ones..... In this case, poor Paperbuff. I hope that someday, I will get to meet Paperbuff in Heaven. May your piece of Heaven be a Pokemon filled wondeland, Paperbuff. *sniffle* You were loved, Paperbuff. May I see you in Heaven.
I've been using templates from this site for a few months now, and making a bunch of Pokemon for my friends. It has made them really happy and just in case any of Paperbuff's friends frequent this blog I just want to let them know that she has left something positive and wonderful behind.
I know that these shorter posts are meaningless, just empty sympathy to fill the space. I want to type something meaningful, even thought nobody knows me and I know nobody.
I'm here because I was on Join.me with a friend. I was flipping through pictures and found an amazing origami Pokemon. Following the link, I fell in love with the amazing work here.
My friend and I read this, and I'm unsure whether she cried, but I can tell you I did. The comments make me even more tearful. She is remembered as an amazing woman, someone who is kind to everyone, and is well loved, irreplaceable. If she were here, I'm sure she would feel blessed to have so many people that love her.
Wow. I am truly shocked. I have been visiting this site for a couple years or so now. The link to this post has been on the site since before I first discovered this place. I saw that picture with Lapras every time I ever came to this site, but until now I never thought to click on it, never really gave it much thought. Today I followed the link and read the post, and I was absolutely shocked at what I read. I feel so ignorant for not finding out about this before. I am so sorry for the loss of Paperbuff, and I am sorry for not saying anything sooner.
I am really sorry, but on the bright side, she really did something good with her life. she created something many people would grow to love. I am starting a collection. remember her.
I hope,that after all the time,you guys have started to soothe the pain.Not only is she lived on by her family,she's lived by all her beautiful paper models,for pokemon crafts,she's left more than a lifetime of building.Guys,for her,keep on building.I'm not sure if I'm glad I didn't know her,so I wouldn't be that affected,or if I'm sad,knowing I'll never speak to her.
I am a newbie at papercraft, and I just learned this after looking at some of her creations today. It's so sad… I am very sorry for this loss, even though this is many years from this… I wish I could have met her, she seemed so nice and inspirational, and creative.
I saw this when i first started visiting the website and at first i skipped passed it thinking it was an advertisement. But one day i actually read it and realized that paperbuff is the creator of some of the desighns so i read it and and when i did i felt very sad even though i never met her and i don't think any of the models that i have made were made by her. But this is one of my favorite websites and hearing this is very sad.
Hello, I'm fairly new to papercrafting world and a fans of pokemon series. I recently started to make models from this site. I just read the announcement today and I would like to give my sincere gratitude for the creator of this models and I would like you to know that your model designs have helped me cope to my anxiousness and depression I had for several years. For Paperbuff, where ever you may be, thank you very much from the very bottom of my heart. Rest in peace, may God always protect you.


UG-CS-314 Computer Aided Graphics, Vrinda Publications, Jalgaon. June 2014.
Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, Jan 2011.
I K Publication New Delhi, Dec 2009.
I K Publication New Delhi, Nov 2007.
Renuka Prakashan, Aurangabad, March 2006.


text:
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Charitable Trust hits £1million of support
By Kelly Henaughen News Journalist
WITH ONE in 10 UK charities facing bankruptcy this year, the charity sector is one of the worst-hit by the pandemic.
However several rural charities have been given extra help by the NFU Mutual Charitable Trust, which has just donated a further £235,000 to support them through the fund-raising slump.
This latest tranche takes the Trust's total donations to £1,092,500 in 2020, with 20 organisations receiving funding over the year. The increased donations were made possible by an additional £750,000 pledge from the Mutual.
The funding has helped to support a range of initiatives, including projects that tackle isolation, support mental health and wellbeing, and enrich young lives through agricultural education and innovation.
The impacts of these initiatives have included support for 523 households from RSABI, support provided over one million times by Samaritans via phone, email and letters, and 16,309 hours of continual professional development for teachers delivered by LEAF Education.
The charities set to benefit from the latest donations are the Addington Fund; LEAF Education; National Federation of Young Farmers' Clubs (NFYFC); Open Farm weekend NI; Prince's Countryside Fund; Royal Agricultural Benevolent Institution (R.A.B.I); RSABI; Rural Support; Samaritans; YFCU.
The donations have already been made available, allowing the charities to continue to provide crucial support services after difficult year which has seen many of their usual fundraising activities cancelled.
Group chief executive of NFU Mutual, Lindsay Sinclair, said: "In The Charitable Trust's biggest year for donations since it was established in 1998, NFU Mutual is proud to have supported causes across all corners of the UK which are changing lives and giving hope for a better future.
"While many fundraising events have had to be side-lined this year, the demand for these charities' services has grown. We want to help them meet that need and build resilience for the future, maintaining practical and emotional support for our communities at a time which is proving especially difficult."
©Copyright 2001-2021. This site is part of Newsquest's audited local newspaper network. A Gannett Company. Published from its offices at 200 Renfield Street Glasgow and printed in Scotland by Newsquest (Herald & Times) a division of Newsquest Media Group Ltd, registered in England & Wales with number 01676637 at Loudwater Mill, Station Road, High Wycombe HP10 9TY – a Gannett company.


text:
Go to Preface | Chapter 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | Back to William James
Talks to Teachers
The Necessity of Reactions
IF ALL this be true, then immediately one general aphorism emerges which ought by logical right to dominate the entire conduct of the teacher in the classroom.
No reception without reaction, no impression without correlative expression,—this is the great maxim which the teacher ought never to forget.
An impression which simply flows in at the pupil's eyes or ears, and in no way modifies his active life, is an impression gone to waste. It is physiologically incomplete. It leaves no fruits behind it in the way of capacity acquired. Even as mere impression, it fails to produce its proper effect upon the memory; for, to remain fully among the acquisitions of this latter faculty, it must be wrought into the whole cycle of our operations. Its motor consequences are what clinch it. Some effect due to it in the way of an activity must return to the mind in the form of the sensation of having acted, and connect itself with the impression. The most durable impressions are those on account of which we speak or act, or else are inwardly convulsed. The older pedagogic method of learning things by rote, and reciting them parrot-like in the schoolroom, rested on the truth that a thing merely read or heard, and never verbally reproduced, contracts the weakest possible adhesion in the mind. Verbal recitation or reproduction is thus a highly important kind of reactive behavior on our impressions; and it is to be feared that, in the reaction against the old parrot-recitations as the beginning and end of instruction, the extreme value of verbal recitation as an element of complete training may nowadays be too much forgotten.
When we turn to modern pedagogics, we see how enormously the field of reactive conduct has been extended by the introduction of all those methods of concrete object teaching which are the glory of our contemporary schools. Verbal reactions, useful as they are, are insufficient. The pupil's words may be right, but the conceptions corresponding to them are often direfully wrong. In a modern school, therefore, they form only a small part of what the pupil is required to do. He must keep notebooks, make drawings, plans, and maps, take measurements, enter the laboratory and perform experiments, consult authorities, and write essays. He must do in his fashion what is often laughed at by outsiders when it appears in prospectuses under the title of 'original work,' but what is really the only possible training for the doing of original work thereafter. The most colossal improvement which recent years have seen in secondary education lies in the introduction of the manual training schools; not because they will give us a people more handy and practical for domestic life and better skilled in trades, but because they will give us citizens with an entirely different intellectual fibre. Laboratory work and shop work engender a habit of observation, a knowledge of the difference between accuracy and vagueness, and an insight into nature's complexity and into the inadequacy of all abstract verbal accounts of real phenomena, which once wrought into the mind, remain there as lifelong possessions. They confer precision; because, if you are doing a thing, you must do it definitely right or definitely wrong. They give honesty; for, when you express yourself by making things, and not by using words, it becomes impossible to dissimulate your vagueness or ignorance by ambiguity. They beget a habit of self-reliance; they keep the interest and attention always cheerfully engaged, and reduce the teacher's disciplinary functions to a minimum.
Of the various systems of manual training, so far as woodwork is concerned, the Swedish Sloyd system, if I may have an opinion on such matters, seems to me by far the best, psychologically considered. Manual training methods, fortunately, are being slowly but surely introduced into all our large cities. But there is still an immense distance to traverse before they shall have gained the extension which they are destined ultimately to possess.
No impression without expression, then,—that is the first pedagogic fruit of our evolutionary conception of the mind as something instrumental to adaptive behavior. But a word may be said in continuation. The expression itself comes back to us, as I intimated a moment ago, in the form of a still farther impression,—the impression, namely, of what we have done. We thus receive sensible news of our behavior and its results. We hear the words we have spoken, feel our own blow as we give it, or read in the bystander's eyes the success or failure of our conduct. Now this return wave of impression pertains to the completeness of the whole experience, and a word about its importance in the schoolroom may not be out of place.
It would seem only natural to say that, since after acting we normally get some return impression of result, it must be well to let the pupil get such a return impression in every possible case. Nevertheless, in schools where examination marks and 'standing' and other returns of result are concealed, the pupil is frustrated of this natural termination of the cycle of his activities, and often suffers from the sense of incompleteness and uncertainty; and there are persons who defend this system as encouraging the pupil to work for the work's sake, and not for extraneous reward. Of course, here as elsewhere, concrete experience must prevail over psychological deduction. But, so far as our psychological deduction goes, it would suggest that the pupil's eagerness to know how well he does is in the line of his normal completeness of function, and should never be balked except for very definite reasons indeed.
Acquaint them, therefore, with their marks and standing and prospects, unless in the individual case you have some special practical reason for not so doing.
Go to Preface | Chapter 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15
Back to William James


text:
Quantitative Research Methods, 7.5 credits
Joint faculty courses
February 2023 - May 2023
Sune Karlsson, Professor
This is a joint faculty course on the PhD level and primarily intended for PhD students at Örebro University. Students at other universities can participate if there are free places in the course.
The course is intended for students without a strong background in Statistics and aims to give the research students:
understanding of statistical theory and methodology and its application in statistical surveys and analyses
ability to conduct basic statistical surveys, calculations and analyses
and a deeper understanding of statistical methods relevant for the students research area.
The course is offered in English and the number of students is limited to 15.
When applying students should provide a ½ to 1 page summary of their research question including a description of the data (if any) they intend to use in addition to a filled out application form. Send the application to research administration at .
Students who are not admitted to PhD studies at Örebro University should enclose a certificate of admission to PhD studies.
The course will be given next time Spring term 2023. At this stage the schedule is subject to change.
Editor: Henrik Broborg


text:
Tag Archives: Philadelphia family
Philly-based Eco-Feminist Duo's 'Curious' LP Inspires Kids to Love Their Planet
Earth Day isn't just about recycling a few plastic bottles, yet many young kids might think of it that way. But good pals Julie Beth (a music therapist) and Anya Rose (a science teacher) believe kids can be inspired to do so much more to make our planet a cleaner, brighter place.
In fact, it's that thinking that birthed the Philly-area activists' duo Ants on a Log, which is now performing a musical based on its latest album Curious: Think Outside the Pipeline!
Ants on a Log performing live.
The album and engaging live performance are based on real science and math concepts, filled with pretty harmonies, riddles and fun characters. (Spoiler alert: One of the characters is gender neutral, which is naturally woven into the story line.)
Among the album guests are WXPN Kids Corner host Kathy O'Connell playing "Mom," John McCutcheon as the "Senator," and Philadelphia hip-hop artist Sterling Duns as "Businessman."
We recently caught up with Anya Rose of Ants on a Log to talk about this record and upcoming shows in the spring and summer.
Rockmommy: How did you get into writing this style of music?
Anya Rose: We like to write clever and catchy songs and we can't help it if they sometimes get in people's heads. We wanted to experiment with creating a show that had a story arc and characters, as opposed to an album of unconnected songs. We also know that kids respond really well to both storytelling and music, so it's the best of both worlds if there is a message you want to convey. We also like the idea of an album that is meant to be listened to all in one sitting, as opposed to piecemeal.
Rockmommy: "Curious" delivers a powerful message: What is missing from today's "kids" music?
Ants on a Log, performing live.
Anya Rose: Well, first I will say that there is a lot of great kids' music out there today. It is a friendly community of professionals helping each other out. We really love Alastair Moock and Billy Jonas to name a couple. Also, Trout Fishing in America is always a classic.
One thing missing are more female performers. There also aren't a lot of female duos for some reason. A lot of kids music' is written for ages 0 to 5, but we write for slightly older audiences. We want our listeners to be able to understand a joke here and there and some of our songs require more listening then songs for the 0 to 5 range, which involve more repetition. Content-wise, we don't want to be afraid of delivering true messages.
For some reason, the idea of being kind has now been politicized. Pollution, climate change, and fighting for the Earth have also been politicized. This is silly to us, and I think it seems silly to children as well. Yes, there are some complexities and nuances in stories when it comes to business and development, but when it gets right down to it, you just should not pollute the Earth. That's pretty simple. And we aren't afraid to say so with our music.
Rockmommy: What do you try to do during live shows to connect with your audience?
Anya Rose: We are constantly developing and modifying our live shows. There are a few things we do in person that we don't do on a recording simply because the experience is very different. On a live show, we have been developing a drumming and jump rope routine for example. We also want to explore physical comedy more. It's fun to see how live audiences react and then to modify our future shows accordingly. Julie once led what they named "The Vegetable Game" which would make no sense to anyone unless you were there, and it was absolutely hilarious. I won't say anymore. You'll just have to come to one of our shows!
Rockmommy: It's been noted that one of the characters is gender neutral. Why is that important to highlight for younger listeners?
Anya Rose: We support the idea that kids should be able to be who they want to be. Julie goes by "they" and Anya goes by "she", but our respective genders are just a small part of who we are. That's the same for other character, "Taylor" in the musical. We want to normalize it for kids.
Rockmommy: How can kids can be more mindful and conscious of their physical environment?
Anya Rose: One very concrete thing that I see both kids and adults doing is leaving the water running when you aren't using it. Stop doing that! Just today, I watched one of my 1stgrade students get a drink of water at the water fountain. He turned around to talk to me and he left his hand on the fountain button, running. And he had a very long story to tell me! The fact that water comes out of the tap is essentially as crazy as the idea of money growing on trees. We take it for granted. Clean water — water that will not make us sick, water that is good to drink — comes out of our tap and all we have to do is turn it on! Well it's just as easy to turn it off. So adults, when you do the dishes, and you step away from the sink for a second, just turn that water off.
Another major one is simply consuming less. You know all that stuff you like to buy? Stop buying new stuff! Thrift stores are incredible places. Clothing swaps are super fun. Also, rocks and sticks are a joy to play with! Many kids are surprised to learn that plastic is made of oil. And oil production contributes greatly to climate change.
Letters from kids can be very powerful. If you are a kid and there is an issue that is bothering you, ask an adult to help you figure out whom to write to. As long as you do your research and your letter comes from your own head and your own concerns, this is a great way to have an impact. Make it personal. Tell a story. Share your feelings. and then send it to the right person who can actually do something about it.
Rockmommy: Who are your musical/artistic inspirations?
Anya Rose: Billy Jonas, Alastair Moock, Lucy Kalentari, Tom Lehrer, Jim Copp, Flight of the Conchords, City Love, John McCutcheon. Three of the people on that list, by the way, are on this album! We also love anything with good harmonies. The very first time the two of us ever got together to play music, we sang a Be Good Tanyas song. That was how we knew we would work well together musically!
Ants on a Log are playing on Saturday, April 27, 10 a.m., at the Day of Play at Parent Infant Center in West Philadelphia, and on Sunday, April 28, at the Earth Day Celebration in Downingtown, PA. The Ants take the stage around 2:15 pm.
Want to learn more, so you can plan a fun, engaging family outing? Details are available online here.
Posted in Interviews, Rock Mamas	| Tagged Ants on a Log, Anya Rose, Curious: Think Outside the Pipeline, eco-friendly, Julie Beth, kids music, live show, Philadelphia family	| Leave a reply


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Newsroom 2019 Gordon joins USG to Highlight Ethical Culture Through Ethics Awareness Week
By: Katheryne Fields, Director of Marketing
The University System of Georgia (USG) is committed to the highest ethical and professional standards of conduct in pursuit of its mission to create knowledge. Accomplishing this mission demands integrity, good judgment and dedication to public service from all members of the USG community. Annually, the USG highlights this commitment through an Ethics Awareness Week which is scheduled this year for November 11–17, 2019. The purpose of this week is to remind employees of our commitment to an ethical culture and our shared ethical values and expectations.
Chancellor Steve Wrigley has emphasized the importance of an ethical culture and how it is critical to the success of not only our institutions, but our employees, students, communities and ultimately how Georgia is educated.
Ethics Awareness Week is part of a comprehensive Ethics and Compliance Program. This Program includes a system-level Ethics Policy and Code of Conduct, on-board ethics training, periodic ethics refresher training, compliance audits, special reviews and an Ethics and Compliance Reporting Hotline.
In support of this effort, Gordon State College will be hosting activities to build upon our ethical culture.
"During Ethics Awareness Week, we recognize that our faculty and staff contribute to the ethical culture of Highlander Nation," stated Gordon State College President Dr. Kirk A. Nooks "It enhances our focus on professional standards and our system-wide shared core values of integrity, excellence, accountability and respect. From orientation to graduation, our institution is committed to modeling ethical leadership for our students as part of The Highlander EDGE.
We will emphasize that, in addition to our ethical values, our Code of Conduct is the foundation of the USG's priorities of degree attainment, affordability and efficiency.
Activities during this week will bring awareness to ethics, reinforce the principles of recognizing the hard work of employees, and promote our shared values. Our theme for this week is the "SPIRIT of USG." Activities planned will emphasize:
Stewardship. Prevention. Integrity. Responsibility. Inspiration. Trust.
Activities planned for this week are as follows:
11/11/19 @ 10:30 a.m. – 12 Noon: (Faculty & Staff)- Join us in the Student Center 229 for "Green Zone Training –to learn about issues potentially facing active service members, student veterans, and their families" in the first session of Ethics Awareness Week at Gordon State College. Presented by Dean of Students Dr. Matthew Robinson in the Student Center Auditorium.
11/11/19 from 12 Noon to 1 p.m.: (Faculty, Staff & Students) - Join President Nooks for a Dutch Treat Lunch in Highlander Dining Hall for our "Pledge of Awareness" Banner Signing.
11/12/19 from 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. (Faculty, Staff & Students) - Join us in Russell Hall 211 as Jason Byrd from Information Technology presents "Ethical Considerations for Email Usage."
11/12/19 from 3 p.m. to 4 p.m. (Students) - Join us in NAHS 353 Registrar Kristi Hayes presents "FERPA and What it Means to You."
11/13/19 from 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. (Staff) - Join us in NAHS 312 as Dr. John Head, Vice President for Enrollment Management and Student Affairs presents "Ethical Leadership."
11/13/19 from 3:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. (Faculty) – Join Dr. Scott Shubitz and Anna Higgins Harrell in IC 112 for a CETL presentation on "Encouraging Ethical Leaders."
11/13/19 from 3:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. (Students) - Join us for a "Student to Student Plagiarism Workshop" presented by student Hannah Rutledge in Student Center 107.
11/13/19 from 6 p.m. to 7 p.m. (Students) - Join us for a "SGA Ethics Activity" presented by SGA in the Student Center Auditorium.
11/14/19 from 11:45 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. (Faculty, Staff & Students):  Please join us for "Meet with the Dean – Know the Student Code of Conduct" presented by i Dean of Students Dr. Matthew Robinson the NAHS 241.
11/14/19 from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. (Faculty, Staff & Students): Join us for a Human Resources presentation of "Open computer lab for Compliance Training Assistance" in IC 102.
11/14/19 from 7:30 a.m. to 9 a.m. (Faculty, Staff & Students):  Join us for "Hot Chocolates and Bookmarks Fraud, Waste and Abuse" workshop presented by Alicia Dorton and Wendy Byrd in the front of the Student Center Auditorium.
11/15/19 from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. (Faculty & Staff):  Join us for "Data Day" presented by Institutional Research in IC 112.
Gordon State College recognizes that a successful work place includes an ethical, efficient and effective environment. GSC has provided this website: https://gdn.alertline.com/gcs/welcome for you to report unethical behavior and policy violations securely and confidentially. You can voice your concerns or make a report via telephone to an independent service by calling this number 24-hours a day, seven days a week: 1-877-516-3454.#USGSpirit #GSCHighlandersForward


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Q: How do ensure that a Core Data Fetched Property is fetched from the context rather than the cache? I have a managed Object Model that contains 2 Entities.
One of the entities (Lets Call it EA) calculates it's properties by referencing some properties in a sub-set of the second entity (Call it EB).
Within EA I have set up a "Fetched Property" with a predicate that returns the subset of EB objects that I need.
When I Delete, Insert an EB object or change an EB Object I use notifications to ensure that EA is kept up to date. So for example after a "save" the EA object will recalculate it's properties.
My problem is that when I access the Fetched Property (Which I do within the EB model class using [self valueForKey:FetchedPropertyKeyName]), It appears only to extract the cached version. In other words the first time is fine, but when I add another EA object I am not seeing it in the returned array when I access the fetched property. This is most obvious when I delete an object, as then I get a crash due to the fact that this object no longer exists.
The documentation for Fetched Properties says:

If objects in the destination entity are changed, you must reevaluate the fetched property to ensure it is up-to-date. You use refreshObject:mergeChanges: to manually refresh the properties—this causes the fetch request associated with this property to be executed again when the object fault is next fired.

Sorry if it sounds a dumb question but unfortunately I'm not seeing where I should call refreshObject:mergeChanges: ??

A: The discipline of writing the question made me look closely at the code again so I now have a solution!
I added:
[[self managedObjectContext] refreshObject:self mergeChanges:YES];
Into the Observing methods. This causes a fetch to occur, and it's in the awakeFromFetch method that I re-evaluate all my properties and the fetched property now contains the new data as expected.


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Summary: Jun's thoughts in Hawaii.
A/N: I don't know what got to me, but I suddenly had an urge to write a fic from Jun's POV. My first first person fic. I hope it's alright... I finished it so long after I got the urge that I can't remember what I wanted to include in this fic originally anymore.
We got down the plane. The island was already all decorated in our colors, the banners and posters for Hawaii Blast was everywhere. All the way to the hotel. It looked as if the whole of Hawaii had been rented by us. Well and considering how we even got an Arashi day to ourselves, and all the fans flown in from Japan on what, 18 chartered flights? We have indeed flooded Hawaii. I just hope it doesn't rain. Hawaii is supposed to be all sunny right? Strong winds maybe, but they hardly get storms. Let's hope that it's true. Either way, two whole years of planning and 15 years of dreaming. This is it.
We got to the venue for rehearsals. The stage is perfect. All built up from scratch. My heart swells in pride. Only downside is that the weather is pretty darn hot. I take off my shirt. I seriously don't give a damn about paparazzi photos right now. All I can think of is the grand party coming later.
I looked at the other four members. Princely. I swept off a stray thread on the back of Aiba's jacket and gave Ohno a pat on his back. I watched as Sho steadied himself as he climbed up the helicopter. Nino and Ohno were smiling and joking with each other. They all look so cool in the sunglasses.
The helicopter starts to rise, and soon we could see the concert venue. The audience were all there. We couldn't hear them though. But they were there, and in the depths of my heart I can already hear them screaming. A tear suddenly threatens to fall out of my eyes as I am suddenly overwhelmed by emotions. It's finally starting. After all these years. All the planning. All the logistics. All the meetings. All the rehearsals. This is finally it. The reality finally hits me. There is no more time for me to dwell on it though. The helicopter lands as I take a deep breath to steady myself. We stepped out of the chopper, and the screams of the audience becomes real.


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Community, Latest News, Uncategorized
It has come to the attention of the SJA, from a variety of sources, that the BBC Scotland flagship jazz programme, Jazz Nights, is under imminent threat of closure at the end of the current financial year. Although the BBC has yet to officially provide confirmation, the news is being met with a rapidly growing groundswell of protest from within the wider jazz community against what would appear to be
It is with profound heartbreak that the board of the Scottish Jazz Archive bids farewell to the Queen of Scottish Jazz, our dear friend and poster-girl, Fionna Duncan who passed away in the early hours of the 6th of December. Fionna was the very first to be interviewed for the SJA and performed at our inaugural event. Fionna has been at the centre of Scottish jazz life for over 60
Appreciations, History
SJA are sad to hear of the passing of pianist and eminent scientist Jim Vincent. Jim graced us with a remote interview from his home in the USA during the time of Covid-19 restrictions in 2020 in which he talked of his time in Scotland playing with drummer Bill Kyle and others and his association with Platform. At the end of his reminiscences he plays us out with a spellbinding
Graham Blamire looks back on the life of pianist Tom Finlay
Presented in collaboration with the Scottish Jazz Archive, The Living Jazz Continuum is packed full of musical memories. Join Graham Blamire, Norrie Thomson and a host of Scotland's traditional jazz players for a musical walk down memory lane. Lennie Herd, Ian Boyter, Stephen Feast, Martin Kershaw, John Burgess, Martin Foster, Mike Daly, Colin Steele and Paddy Darley mix and match into three different bands playing different sets. They are joined
Bill Kemp (1941-2021)
We were deeply saddened to hear of the passing of one of the North East of Scotland's most celebrated musicians, drummer Bill Kemp, at the age of 80. Neil Drysdale has written a fitting tribute to Bill's place in the hearts of the Scottish jazz community for The Press & Journal.
Traditional and mainstream jazz bands in and around Edinburgh
SJA Board Member Graham Blamire has put a considerable amount of ink to paper in producing an excellent outline of traditional jazz and mainstream in and around Edinburgh. Click HERE to read In the picture, taken in the mid to late 1940s: Drew Bruce (clt), Bob Fairley (tpt), unknown (drms), Bob Craig (tbn), Bill McGregor (bjo), Chris 'Ma' Bruce (pno)
Our friends at Playtime
Playtime: New Adventures in Music has continued its programming of live, socially distanced concerts during the Covid pandemic and have produced a series of online interviews with local and international artists that have joined the house quartet each week. These can be accessed at https://www.playtime-music.com/interval-interviews
Three more socially distanced interviews
Biography, History, Video
We're delighted to have had the opportunity in these toughest of times to speak to Rob Adams, Graham Stark and Hamish McGregor who have regaled us with their jazz reminiscences. Head over to the 'interviews' tab to take a look.
New interviews added
We've added four new interviews conducted online during these times of social distancing. We were joined by Martin Taylor MBE, Lennie Herd, Alan Wallace and Stewart Forbes for reminiscences of their illustrious careers.
Jim Petrie (1937 – 2020)
An appreciation of the remarkable seven-decade contribution to Scotland's traditional jazz scene by Graham Blamire. Jim Petrie – An appreciation
Scottish Jazz Archive – Teaser Film
We recently prepared a teaser video featuring clips from a selection of our growing body of oral history interviews for screening at this year's Edinburgh Jazz & Blues Festival. Full interviews can be accessed via the 'Interviews' tab on this site. We hope you enjoy!
Dundee Calling
In response to our Scotland-wide request for materials relating to jazz ephemera, these just in from Dundee:
A CALL OUT TO THE SCOTTISH JAZZ COMMUNITY
We've been busy interviewing a number of musicians central to the building of Scotland's jazz scene talking about their careers and the people and places that featured in them. You can browse them by clicking on the 'interviews' tab on the main menu. We're now keen to illustrate and contextualise these interviews with any memorabilia that you might have in the attic, the cellar or under your bed. Below is
We've added six more interviews filmed for SJA to the site. Contributors joining our existing roll-call of Scottish jazz stalwarts are Kenny Ellis, Jim Petrie, Freddie King, Dick Lee, Colin Steele and Bob Busby. The full roster can be accessed via the 'interviews' tab in the main menu.
Norrie Thomson – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Lachlan MacColl – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Kenny & Violet Milne – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Graham Blamire – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Donald 'Chick' Murray – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Andrew Lauder – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Mike Hart MBE (1934-2018)
Appreciations, Biography, History
It was with great sadness that we learned this week of the passing on Tuesday, 11th December of Mike Hart (pictured, 2nd from left), founder of the Edinburgh Jazz & Blues Festival. An appreciation is available from the Scotsman newspaper HERE. You can view a brief history of Mike's legacy, the Edinburgh Jazz & Blues Festival HERE Graham Blamire has written an appreciation of Mike's contribution to jazz in Scotland which
Posters and tickets from Edinburgh gigs past
Again courtesy of Edinburgh Jazz Archive, a selection of posters and tickets from gigs gone by in the capital city (when entry cost between 2/6 to 4/-).
From the vaults of the Edinburgh Jazz Archive
Edinburgh Jazz Archive has been on the go for some 10 years in which time an intrepid group of enthusiasts has collected a treasure-trove of memorabilia detailing the capital city's long and colourful relationship with jazz. Below is a small selection of photographs from the collection which is housed at City of Edinburgh Central Library on George IV Bridge.
SJA Launch – Jazz Stories, November 2017
The intent to establish a Scottish Jazz Archive was publicly floated at an event, Jazz Stories from Scotland, cohosted by the National Library of Scotland and Edinburgh Napier University in November, 2017. Introduced by Roger Spence (Edinburgh Jazz & Blues Festival), the event welcomed over 100 jazz musicians and fans from around the country and featured a performance by three generations of Scottish jazz musicians alongside presentations of archival photography
Celebrating 40 Year of Edinburgh Jazz & Blues Festival
Events, History
During July 2018, Scottish Jazz Archive presented an exhibition of memorabilia at Edinburgh City Library to mark the 40th anniversary of the Edinburgh Jazz & Blues Festival. Items on display included a full set of programmes dating back to the 1978 prototype festival edition alongside tee-shirts, badges, beer mats and coasters, and other related articles of interest.Click HERE to access a brief historical overview of the festival compiled by Haftor Medbøe
Fionna Duncan – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Charles 'Dizzy' Jackson – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Tom Lowrie – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Alan Steadman – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Ken Mathieson – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive
Dave Swanson – Interviewed for Scottish Jazz Archive


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Fashion Scoops: Morning Person… Star Light… Pop Top…
Resort shows are starting to attract their fair share of celebrities, from Jennifer Lopez at Dior to Diane Kruger at Chanel.
By WWD Staff on May 20, 2008
Ella Emhoff, Amanda Gorman and Other Inauguration Stars See Social Media Explosion
Kylie Skin Pop-up Shop Set for Galeries Lafayette
A Closer Look at President Biden's Granddaughters' Fashion on Inauguration Day
MORNING PERSON: Resort shows are starting to attract their fair share of celebrities, from Jennifer Lopez at Dior to Diane Kruger at Chanel. Most recently, Ashley Olsen was among the early birds who roused themselves for Monday's 10 a.m. Calvin Klein resort show. Olsen, who has long been a fan of creative director Francisco Costa, showed her front-row support in a vintage Calvin Klein ensemble.
STAR LIGHT: Donatella Versace will be providing some star wattage at the Fashion Group International's annual "Night of Stars." The designer will pick up the Superstar award at the Oct. 23 event at Cipriani Wall Street. No word yet which of her superstar friends will share in the celebration.
POP TOP: British accessories firm Mulberry will open its first pop-up shop for the summer season in East Hampton, N.Y. The boutique is located at 48 Main Street and will be open from May 24 until early fall. It will carry a full array of the brand's accessories for men and women, apparel and eyewear made in collaboration with Cutler and Gross. The store also will carry the hard-to-find Mulberry T-shirt with the exclusive Julie Verhoeven illustration.
FLOATING ON AIR: For those who wondered how Angelina Jolie can strut the Cannes red carpet with not one, but two buns in the oven, the secret is out. During a press conference for her animated film, "Kung Fu Panda," which premiered at the festival last week, Jolie admitted her Cole Haan heels, with Nike Air technology, are her weapon of choice. "Cole Haan makes a shoe with a Nike sole," Jolie said. "So I have a low heel with a Nike sole and I'm feeling great."
BOMBAY LIMITED: Jade Jagger, who launched her eponymous clothing and jewelry line last fall, plans to open two stand-alone stores within the year: one in London this summer, followed by an opening in Bombay in the fall. The designer has added bags to her collection for the upcoming fall season, along with a beefed-up clothing element. "It's really taking off in Bombay, like in Moscow. It's so cosmopolitan now," said Jagger at a private cocktail in Cannes. "I'm also looking forward to working with local Indian artisans on the collection."
YSL FOREVER: Retired couturier Yves Saint Laurent is getting the museum treatment — again. A retrospective of Saint Laurent's oeuvre will open at the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts on May 27. YSL's partner, Pierre Bergé, is set to deliver a talk on the occasion of the exhibit's opening. French fashion historian Florence Muller curated the show, which will feature some 200 pieces dating back to the Sixties, when Saint Laurent founded his house in Paris. Saint Laurent himself, who has been beset by health issues, is not expected to attend. The show runs though Sept. 28.
SCENT and THE CITY: In the final leg of her two-week "Sex and the City" movie tour, Sarah Jessica Parker stopped at the Sephora flagship on Paris' Avenue des Champs-Elysées Monday evening to autograph photos and bottles of her fragrances, Covet and Lovely (created with Coty). "It feels blissful to be here," said the actress, who wore a pink Giambattista Valli dress and red pumps for the two-hour event. Parker explained, "I always have great fear no one is going to show up." How ironic, since there was a sea of people thronging for a glimpse of the star.


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Look, Melvin has a new Davy Crockett coonskin cap!
The boys start playing cowboys and Indians, but then they meet a real tribe of Indians.
Melvin, who delivered the Gettysburg Address?
Melvin is kind of dumb.
Why is Zelda crying, Invisible Irwin?
Gobby tries to steal Zelda's book of magic spells.
Are you doing anything tonight, Annie?
Homer tries to get a date.
Zelda has company for dinner.
I think it's time that Melvin took up music!
Melvin confounds the music teacher.
Homer ate up all the jam again!
Where are you going, Homer?
Snappy is a great hunting dog.
That sure was a good picture!
Two bank robbers try to get Homer to help them, but he outwits them.


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Near-infrared spectroscopy may assist in predicting the risk of future cardiovascular events
Infraredx has announced results from an independent, prospective outcomes study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. The study evaluated the ability of intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy to identify lipid core-containing plaques, which are believed to be implicated in most heart attacks, as a means to predict the risk of future major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events.
In the study, patients who presented with symptoms associated with limited blood supply to the heart also underwent near-infrared spectroscopy imaging to evaluate the Lipid Core Burden Index (LCBI) in an artery that was not directly implicated in causing their symptoms. The results demonstrated that patients with an LCBI ≥ 43 in a non-culprit artery had a fourfold risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, such as heart attack or stroke, within the following year. In addition, the study concluded that non-culprit vessel LCBI reflects vascular vulnerability of the larger coronary tree.
Lipid-core plaque is a type of fatty coronary artery plaque suspected to be prone to rupture, which leads to the formation of blood clots that can cause heart attacks. Near-infrared spectroscopy can detect lipid-core plaque and provide a quantitative measurement in the form of an LCBI. Intravascular near-infrared spectroscopy is commercially available through the TVC Imaging System (Infraredx), which is the only FDA-cleared dual-modality imaging system capable of rapidly, specifically and reliably identifying lipid-core plaques using near-infrared spectroscopy and providing vessel structure information using enhanced intravascular ultrasound.
"Our findings suggest that the use of near-infrared spectroscopy imaging to identify and quantify lipid-core plaque in the non-culprit arteries, which would otherwise remain undetected by coronary angiography, could be a viable tool to assess the vascular vulnerability of the larger coronary tree," says Rohit M Oemrawsingh, the study's first author at the Thoraxcenter, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands. "The findings of our investigator-initiated, prospective study seem promising, but external validation, preferably in a larger sample size, is a fundamental prerequisite before any of our conclusions might be considered for possible future clinical implications. The Lipid-rich plaque study and PROSPECT II / ABSORB study may answer the outstanding academic questions."
The ATHEROREMO-NRIS study, a sub-study of the European Collaborative Project on Inflammation and Vascular Wall Remodelling in Atherosclerosis (ATHEROREMO), is a prospective, single-centre, observational study that enrolled 203 patients referred for coronary angiography due to stable angina or an acute coronary syndrome, a combination of symptoms resulting from the blockage of blood supply to the heart. Near-infrared spectroscopy imaging was performed and an LCBI measurement was obtained for a pre-defined segment of a non-culprit coronary artery that was at least 40mm in length and with <50% stenosis confirmed by angiography. The primary endpoint was the incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events, defined as all-cause mortality, non-fatal acute coronary syndrome, stroke and unplanned coronary revascularisation during one-year follow-up. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events not related to the culprit lesion (the site treated during the index procedure) occurred in 21 patients (10.4%). In addition, regression analysis demonstrated that men, patients with a history of hypercholesterolemia, stroke or peripheral artery disease had higher LCBI values.
"The identification of patients with an elevated risk of a new adverse coronary event in the year post-PCI, despite receiving standard medical therapy, may inform future studies of novel pharmaceutical agents," says James Muller, co-founder and chief medical officer of Infraredx.
Muller adds: "These findings also provide support for several large-scale, longitudinal studies seeking to identify vulnerable patients, as demonstrated in the present study, and vulnerable plaques. Two studies currently in progress, the Lipid-rich plaque study and the PROSPECT II/ABSORB study, and the Veterans Affairs Oracle study, scheduled to launch imminently, will all utilise imaging with our TVC Imaging System to evaluate vessel structure and plaque composition to test the vulnerable plaque and vulnerable patient hypotheses."
BIBA Publishing
First US patient enrolled into study of Selution SLR coronary drug-eluting balloon
BioVentrix receives FDA expanded access program approval for ischemic heart failure treatment system
Non-invasive wearable ultrasound sensor shown to provide mobile cardiac imaging


Jason Voorhees hasn't taken his maniacal antics into another holiday ever and why should he, as Friday The 13th is the most unlucky day of the year for his victims. However, what if the man behind the hockey mask just happened to set his sights on a family during the Christmas holiday? That is what the group behind the Scared Stiff web series are setting out to explore.
"Jason Xmas is a new fan web mini-series from the makers of Scared Stiff, The Zombie Chronicles and the Horror Wrestling Federation. Starting March 13th, Jason Xmas will feature everyone's favorite hockey masked killer, Jason Voorhees, as he interrupts a family's Christmas homecoming! New episodes will be released monthly, culminating in the exciting finale next Christmas!"
If interested, check out the short teaser for the web series below and make sure to visit their new Facebook page for the show.