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Home > Music > 27 Different Types of Drums From Around the World
Different Types of Drum Names With Pictures
1. Drum Set
2. Power Drum Kit
3. Fusion Drum Kit
4. Jazz Drum Kit
5. Virtual and Electronic Drum Kit
6. Auxiliary Drum Set
7. Trigger Drums
8. Hand Drum
9. Congas Drum
10. Bongo Drum
11. Tabla
12. Frame Drum
13. Pandeiro Drum
14. Tambourine Drum
15. Bodhran Drum
16. Goblet Drum
17. African Drum
18. Djembe Drum
19. Talking Drum
20. Udu Drum
21. Marching Snare Drum
22. Multi-Tenor Drum
23. Bass Drum
24. Front Ensemble Drum
25. Hybrid Drum
26. Marching Bass Drum
27. Steelpans (Steel Drum)
Drums have been around from the beginning of time, with the earliest evidence dating back to 6000 BC. Many civilizations have played an essential part in societal life and are utilized for religious rites and festivals.
What are the many varieties of drums? It's hard to place a monetary value on it. The many types of drums used across the world are discussed in this page, and a summary of the primary forms of drums. We begin with the western drum set, then go on to lesser-known instruments like the djembe and udu, marching band drums and other devices. If you're still deciding which instrument to play and are contemplating percussion, this page will help you comprehend the many drum kinds available. Maybe you're just interested and want to learn more. In any case, here's a rundown of the most frequent types of drums you'll hear.
Drum types include tympani, orchestral drums, drum kits, and more. Different drum types produce different sounds and can be used in different styles of music. Here is the latest list of all types of drum names with pictures and images that you should know about.
Acoustic drum kits are most common in western cultures, and they may be found in nearly every genre of popular music. These kits don't require any additional amplification and come in a wide range of sizes and configurations, with the size and design ranging from a musician to musician.
If you've ever seen a rock band perform live, you've probably noticed that the drummer uses very loud drum equipment to make an effect. Three tom-toms with diameters ranging from 12, 13, and 16 inches, as well as a 22-inch bass drum, are among the drum set pieces. The snare drum on these sets is typically 14 inches in diameter, although it can vary in size depending on the musician's preferences.
Overall, rock n' roll drums are more prominent than other kits' and produce a lot of bass and loudness, resulting in an aggressive sound. Check out our most excellent drum tracks post if you want to hear some intense drumming; some of these men genuinely carry a punch.
Two genres are blended in fusion music to produce a new sound experience. The beauty of fusion is that it may incorporate nearly any combination of musical styles, allowing a band to be quite inventive. Frank Zappa and Weather Report are two well-known fusion musicians. Fusion drummers often use three toms with diameters of 10, 12, and 14 inches and a bass drum with a diameter of about 20 inches. Fusion drums aren't as loud or as deep sounding as rock drums due to their smaller size, but they are more sensitive, allowing for quicker, more intricate rhythm sections.
Jazz drums are the tiniest acoustic drum set, with the highest pitch tone and fastest reaction for complex rhythm playing. To produce a more realistic sound, toms and snare drums are generally the same diameter as those in a fusion set but have less depth. In addition, the bass drum is significantly shallower, with a depth of about 14 inches, compared to those used in fusion or rock, which are roughly 18 inches deep. Gretsch, Ludwig, and Yamaha are among the most popular brands among musicians because of their ability to generate bright, clear tones.
Sensors in electronic drum sets receive and deliver a beat signal to a sound module, which allows the instrument to create sound. The sensors detect the power of each strike and react similarly to an acoustic drum set, allowing the artist to perform dynamically. Virtual kits are great for practicing at home with little background noise, but they may also be used to record or experiment with other sounds. Electronic drum kits are available in beginner and professional models; thus, quality and price can vary significantly between companies.
These are complete electric kits with built-in sensors in the drum and cymbal components and any accessories. The volume of auxiliary equipment may be adjusted manually, and it's frequently utilized with apps and recording applications. Due to its capacity to modify each drum's tone, high-quality models may even be used in a live environment and function exceptionally well in experimental forms of music. Mesh heads, rather than pads, are used in most current E-kits to provide the musician a more realistic sensation and improved playability. The main drawback is that they may be costly, and practical usage necessitates some technical understanding.
Drum triggers are tiny devices that latch onto a drum skin's rim. When the drummer hits the device, a sensor detects the vibration of the drummer's skin and sends it to a linked module. Depending on the musician's selection, the module then plays a drum sample or an artificial noise. Triggers generate a hybrid blend of acoustic and digital tones, which can help you get the most out of your set. Drum triggers proved to be particularly popular among 90s pop, dance, and heavy metal artists due to the variety of samples available. As a result, they aid recording and mixing by minimizing the need for microphones to capture the drum's tone.
Hand drums have long been utilized by several civilizations worldwide, including Cuba, China, and Africa. You might have gathered from their name that these instruments are meant to be played by hand, but they can also be hit with mallets or tippers. Interestingly, many hand drums have a deeper meaning when utilized in cultural or ceremonial contexts, and they frequently necessitate a particular playing style.
Congas are often linked with Cuba, but they originated in the Congolese Bantu region of Africa. They're usually made of wood and are meant to be tall and thin, similar to Africa's conical-shaped Makuta drum. Congas are sold in sets of two or three, each of which is different, allowing the performer to play a variety of high and low notes. The smallest drum is the 'Quinto,' the medium size is the 'conga/tres,' and the biggest is the 'Tumba.' When it comes to playing style, congueros generally produce Cuban carnival-type beats using their fingers and hands.
Bongos are the most well-known hand drum and are Afro-Cuban in origin. They come in pairs with one tiny (macho) and one bigger (hembra) drum and a slightly tapered/conical-shaped hardwood shell. Bongos are now made from various materials, including fiberglass and aluminum, so their tone varies somewhat between brands. The bongos should be played using the palm and the fingers. When it comes to playing style, you may master several approaches, but the tone and rhythm of the bongo is most commonly heard in cha-cha music and salsa due to the momentum created by the beat.
Tabla drums are a pair of non-identical drums that generate distinct sounds that originated in India. Animal skin covers both the smaller and more prominent drums, which have a tapering, cylindrical shell. The bigger drum is called a 'bayan,' with a brass metal shell, while the smaller drum is called a 'dayan,' with a teak or rosewood shell. The bayan delivers deep strikes because of the varied sizes and materials utilized in the tabla's shells, whilst the dayan is used for higher notes. These drums are most commonly heard in traditional Indian music and are played in various forms with the palms and fingers utilizing pressure methods.
Frame drums, which are made up of a minimalistic frame and drum skin, can be found worldwide in places like Ireland, Asia, and India, to mention a few.
The skin was initially made of animal hide, and it lets the musician make a variety of sounds depending on where they struck it. Hitting the skin in the middle, for example, will generate deep bass notes, but hitting it near the edge would produce higher pitch sounds with many overtones.
Pandeiros are a type of traditional Brazilian instrument built from a shallow wooden shell and animal hide. With its cooper or steel cymbals arranged around the outside shell, they resemble tambourines. These instruments, which range in size from 8 to 12 inches in diameter, accompany Capoeira martial dances. Because of their low pitch and delicate tone, they blend nicely with voices and other instruments. To play one, the performer should hold the device in their left hand without touching the cymbals, then alternate tapping the skin with their right hand's thumb and fingers.
Because of its mobility, the tambourine was invented in Europe around 1500 and has remained a popular instrument. The first versions were small hand drums with one or two layers of animal skin or intestine spread across a shallow shell. In contrast to current variations, which frequently employ cymbals to accentuate rhythm portions of a song, their designs did not usually contain them. Tambourines are a wide-ranging instrument. Some, for example, lack skin and must be played by striking the ring with your palm or with a stick as part of a drum set. Others may have one or two rings of jingles, as well as tuneable or non-tunable skins.
The bodhran is an Irish frame drum with a shell of 12-24 inches in diameter and 4-8 inches deep. Traditionally, the body was made of wood, and the beater surface was made of goatskin, but nowadays, producers frequently utilize plastic shells and fake skins. The bodhran has only one side of the skin, similar to the pandeiro, to allow the drummer to regulate the dynamics of each strike.
To change the pitch of the drum, the performer can move their hand around inside the bodhran. The drum may also be adjusted by tightening or loosening the skin with the crossbar and hex key. This implies the drummer may perform in various pitches to fit in with the rest of the band or ensemble.
Darbuka or chalice drums, sometimes known as goblet drums, were utilized initially in the Middle East, Africa, and Eastern Europe.
Goblet drums are thought to date back to the early Neolithic era, approximately 3600BC, according to some historians. Our forefathers finally introduced the darbuka to the Middle East as time passed. Goblet drums are hollow-shelled and generally constructed of clay, metal, or wood. This allows them to make various sounds depending on whether you hit the center or the rim. The rim creates bright, crisp tones, while the center provides more power and resonance. Darbukas should be played with the drummer holding the instrument under one arm and striking beats with their fingers and palms.
African drums are an essential element of ancient African culture, and they have been honored for generations. African drums are frequently utilized symbolically in rituals and political events rather than only for pleasure in western societies. Take a peek below to discover more about the world of African drums, which are highly diverse and available in various styles…
Because of its capacity to create a wide range of pitches, the djembe is one of the most versatile African drums available. The goblet-shaped shell is crafted from a single piece of hollowed-out wood and is covered in a goat leather drum skin. The Mandinka people have traditionally used the trunk of a Lenge tree for spiritual and harmonic purposes. When the full palm hits the drum center, the upper body chamber generates the deep bass strokes, while the extended, thin lower portion projects the loudness. When a performer smacks their palm towards the edge of the djembe, the goatskin produces a high-pitched tone.
Talking drums date back to the Ghana Empire, making them one of West Africa's oldest instruments. They were formerly played by African griots while telling stories and transmitting news, which was crucial because peasants seldom had time to read or write! The player wraps their arm around the instrument's body and squeezes it occasionally to play a talking drum. The animal's head is then beaten with a mallet by the other hand. The outside ropes that link the skin to the drum move as the drummer squeeze the drum, causing the skin to distort and generate sounds of a varied pitch. The drum's 'talking' quality comes from this pitch fluctuation.
The term udu comes from the Nigerian Igbo language and signifies pot or vessel. The udu, on the other hand, differs from conventional African clay water pots in terms of design since it has an additional circular hole on one side of its body. Udu was frequently utilized in women's ceremonies since women of the Igbo tribe were almost entirely responsible for obtaining drinking water. To play the udu, musicians would strike the side hole with the palm of one hand and seal the top hole with the palm of the other. As a result, a calming yet slightly spooky sound was heard, which was considered an ancestor's voice. You may also play the udu with a little water inside to achieve a slightly different pitch.
Marching snare drums may resemble those found on a drum set, but they are very separate drums. The shell is much deeper than a regular version, and the skin is composed of Kevlar, a more robust synthetic material than ordinary synthetic skins. This extra-durable substance enables the marching snare to endure high pressures, resulting in a powerful, bullet-like, piercing sound. In terms of playability, only one snare drum is used, while drum rolls and solos are performed with two drum sticks.
Tenor drums are often referred to as 'quads' (if there are four), 'quints' (if there are five), or squints (if there are six) depending on the number of drums in the set. Each set is linked and fastened to amount or harness so that the player may carry it. When it comes to tone, the tenor set provides a song a high-pitched vitality, while the drums are played with either two sticks or mallets. There are four prominent drums and two accent drums known as "spocks" or "shots" among a set of six tenor drums. These have been fine-tuned to generate enthralling, bright, and precise sounds.
Bass drums are the most enormous drums in a marching band and are sold as single pieces. The bass drum generates the lowest, booming tone of all the instruments due to its vast diameter and depth. The bass drum is generally connected to a strong shoulder strap to handle the increased weight due to its size. Musicians choose a soft mallet because of its ability to generate a strong yet smooth bass tone when it comes to playability. Surprisingly, there are also tuned marching bass drums. These FFs may be adjusted to a particular note to assist the rest of the band lineup.
The stationary percussion section is the marching band's front ensemble. Cymbals, bells, glockenspiel, woodblocks, and marimba are among the instruments played by these players. When cymbals clash together, they produce a loud smashing sound, but they have a more subtle sound when softly tapped. When the metal bars are struck with a forceful mallet, the bells and glockenspiel produce a brilliant, chime-like tone.
Wood blocks, which are generally made of teak, provide the music an especially brilliant rhythm when pounded. The marimba functions similarly to a wooden xylophone, with the exception that resonator pipes amplify the sound beneath the keys. Because the instrument is too huge to transport, it is only used in the front ensemble.
Hybrid drums are a mix of acoustic and electronic drums that come in a variety of styles. Drummers frequently build their own hybrid drum set based on their requirements, such as drum pads or drum triggers. In our hybrid drums area, you can learn all about it.
The marching bass drum is also very similar to a drum set's bass drum. The only difference is that it is carried on the shoulders of the marching drummer and is played with beaters held in the drummer's hands. Because the marching bass drum can be pretty heavy, the marching drummer must have a lot of strength to keep it for an extended period.
The steelpan (also known as a steel drum) is an exotic drum instrument that originated in the Caribbean. It can produce some fantastic sounds and is versatile enough to play full melodies. The steelpan is one of the most well-known drums, and its sound has become synonymous with the Caribbean. Steel drums have been sampled and used in various music styles over the years, appearing in many well-known songs and tracks.
Drums are one of humanity's oldest musical instruments; they originated in various cultures and played an essential role in early tribal groups. The variety of drums we've seen in this article demonstrates how widespread drumming is around the world. Drum style is often a clue to the culture and style of music with which they were played. Many drums that appear to be simple can be deceivingly tricky to master. You can play hand drums with your bare hands may lead you to believe they are simple instruments. They certainly aren't!
To begin with, there are numerous types of hand drums, each with its own set of characteristics and sounds. Second, hand drums can be played using various techniques, which frequently include the use of sticks or hammers. We hope that this article has helped you better understand the different types of drums available worldwide.


Negative house pressure is a common problem that can cause fireplaces and wood-burning appliances to smoke, and gas appliances to backdraft deadly Carbon Monoxide gas. This is probably the least understood house issue, but one that usually can be corrected.
House pressure is something that can't be seen with the eye, and the effects are obvious –once a person knows what they are looking for.
Signs of negative house pressure include stale air, mold or mildew in bathrooms, unexplained illness among family members or pets, smoking fireplaces or appliances, and condensation on windows. An inadequate amount of fresh air is getting into the house, and this can be a severe health hazard as well as a smoking fireplace problem. The EPA suggests that houses get a full six air exchanges per day for the occupants to breathe.
Tight, or well-insulated houses have a better chance of having a negative pressure problem, and larger homes with multiple stories are likely candidates, however, any house can have a negative pressure problem.
The issue is often first detected by a professional chimney sweep. This is due to the fact that smoking fireplaces are a huge annoyance, and either the sweep will find the problem during a routine inspection, or the homeowner thinks that there is a problem with the fireplace or chimney.
If, after checking for proper chimney construction, including proper height, the flue and smoke chamber sized to code, and stack effect (house taller than the chimney) the next thing to look for is negative house pressure.
There are simple techniques to check for negative pressure as well as complicated methods. First, house pressure should only be tested during cold weather in order to see what is happening when the house is closed up and the heating appliances are used. Next, place shredded lengths of tissue paper or a newspaper over the fireplace opening. Open the damper and watch what happens to the paper. If it moves inward towards the back wall of the fireplace, the draft is established and there is no negative pressure. If the paper moves outward towards the room there is negative pressure. Now open a window in the room very slowly and watch the paper, which should switch to moving inside the fireplace at some point. Measure the window opening and this is the amount of air needed for the fireplace to operate without smoking.
If interested in getting an exact measure of the problem testing can be completed using a Digital Manometer. Some professional sweeps do this testing, otherwise contact an HVAC Professional for this service.
If the house does have a negative pressure problem the next step is to correct or decrease the problem. Other things must be taken in to account are other appliances that use air for combustion and take air from the house like gas furnaces, water heaters, boilers, cooking ranges and ovens, masonry heaters, gas or wood burning stoves, etc. Also, anytime a bathroom or kitchen fan is turned on, this removes air from the home.
Solutions to the problem may include the installation of a draft inducing heater which is installed on the flue collar of a stove or insert, and installation of a whole-house ventilator. A whole-house ventilator is not a Heat recovery ventilator. A WHV is installed in line with a gas furnace system and operates both actively when the furnace is on, and passively when it is off. The WHV is installed halfway between the furnace and an exterior wall with insulated duct coming from the outside wall to the unit, then pipe is attached to the supply side and return air side of the furnace. Air is heated up in the WHV box before it gets to the heat exchanger so the exchanger will not rust due to condensation.
Many professional chimney sweeps sell and install draft inducing heaters and whole house ventilators.


If you live outside the UK, but own and let a property in England, Wales, Scotland or Northern Ireland, or if you are thinking of doing so, we will be pleased to help by registering you with HMRC. We will prepare your lettings accounts, calculate your profits, prepare your Self Assessment Tax Returns and calculate the tax payable.
We offer a fast efficient service for Non-Resident Landlords. Distance is not a problem. We have clients in the "four corners of the Earth" but fortunately if you have broadband, we have the Cloud at our disposal for the exchange of documents. We would be pleased to help, so do get in touch.
Call +44 1702 205066. Email enquiries@lettingstax.co.uk. If you wish we can arrange a Skype meeting to discuss your requirements.


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Der Maighelserrhein mit dem rätoromanischen Namen Rein da Maighels ist einer der Hauptquellflüsse des Rheins (vgl. Rheinquelle) und mündet in den Rein da Curnera.

Beschreibung
Die beiden Flüsse sind an der dortigen Stelle durch den Lai da Curnera aufgestaut; die Kraftwerkanlagen gehören den Kraftwerken Vorderrhein.

Der Rein da Maighels entspringt am Piz Ravetsch aus dem Maighelsgletscher () nahe der Bündner Grenze zum Kanton Tessin und Kanton Uri. Er fliesst zuerst nach Norden durch das Val Maighels, um dann nach Osten durch den Val Platta genannten Einschnitt zwischen Piz Cavradi und Piz Piogn Crap ins Val Curnera durchzubrechen. Die ursprüngliche Länge betrug 4,5 Kilometer.

Es ist davon auszugehen, dass der Bach früher nicht ins Val Curnera floss, sondern geradeaus weiter nach Norden floss, wo der Rein da Tuma das Tal entwässert.

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Tujetsch)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


So, you've decided to explore private label for your salon!
Salon Owner's Choice makes it easy for you.
Salon Owners' Choice, a wholly owned subsidiary of Truso Ltd, is Canada's most innovative manufacturer of hair care products designed for salon private label.
We work closely with stylists and salon owners across the country to ensure that our formulas are of the highest quality and that our products are modern, creative tools designed for the salon professional.
Why Private Label for Salons?
Salons are in a unique position among businesses. Clients return frequently and are intensely loyal. When a client purchases a professional product with your salon's name and logo on it, this reinforces the uniquely loyal relationship. The only place to get your salon's products is at your salon. You develop a strong repeat business. Margins are what you make them. You do not have to follow a distributor price list or worry about competitive pricing from other salons in your area or worry about diversion.
Absolutely not! We offer programs to fit salons of all sizes. You can be a single chair or a chain. You can order as few as 48 bottles of product in our specially designed Classic and Essentials Collections programs. If your salon is larger we can further customize larger volumes of products. We work closely with each salon to find a perfect fit so your private label product program works for you. So don't let the size of your salon determine whether or not you can do private label. We have made it easy and affordable regardless of size!
Our commitment to our respected clients: We build strong, long-term relationships by developing a thorough understanding of your organization's diverse needs.
© 2006 Truso Ltd. All Rights Reserved.


From safe and legal greywater recycling to urban humanure toilets, we've featured plenty of DIY plumbing aimed at more efficient water use.
But this DIY rainwater flushing toilet from the UK is about as low-tech and effective as it gets. Using an upstairs balcony to house a barrel cistern; a simple gauze filter system; some charcoal for purification, and then some gravity-fed piping to a downstairs toilet cistern, the system automatically feeds the toilet cistern with rainwater whenever it's available. When rainwater runs out, the homeowners simply switch back to the mains water.
This simple-to-install DIY hack allows you to flush your toilets with rainwater, and to switch back to the mains supply whenever you run out.


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Appointment to the Order of the Garter
THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT IS ISSUED BY THE PRESS SECRETARY TO THE QUEEN
The Queen has been graciously pleased to appoint His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales to be a Royal Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter.
Prince William becomes the 1000th Knight in the Register.
The Queen has also been graciously pleased to appoint the Right Honourable the Lord Luce, GCVO, DL and Sir Thomas Dunne, KCVO, to be Knights Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter.
About The Duke of Cambridge
Find out more about the life and work of The Prince of Wales....
Combatting the illegal wildlife trade
The Duke of Cambridge is committed to tackling the illegal wildlife trade
The Duke of Cambridge, Heads Together & the Football Association talking Mental Health.
2019 Tusk Conservation Awards
The Duke of Cambridge marks 50 years of Centrepoint
The Duke of Cambridge, Patron since 2005, marks 50 years of Centrepoint
The Prince of Wales's Charities & Patronages
The Duchess of Cambridge visits schools in support of Children's Mental Health
The Duke of Edinburgh
The Duke of Cambridge becomes Royal Patron of homeless charity The Passage
The Duke of Cambridge attends the World Economic Forum in Davos
Her Majesty The Queen's Charities & Patronages
The Duke of Cambridge visits London Air Ambulance
Tusk Conservation Awards 2018
Indeed, it is no accident that you are stood here today. Each of you has demonstrated the very special values that we look for in all those who lead our brave men and women.
A speech by The Duke of Cambridge at the Sovereign's Parade, Sandhurst
The Duke of Cambridge thanks Tham Luang cave rescue divers and support staff
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visit a Child Bereavement UK Centre
The Duke and East Anglia Air Ambulance
Find out more about The Duke's role as an air ambulance pilot
The Duke of Cambridge visited Microsoft Headquarters to learn how new technology is disrupting the illegal wildlife trade
The Duke of Cambridge, visited Microsoft Headquarters to view AI scanning technology
The Prince and Princess of Wales visit Windsor Foodshare
The Prince and Princess Of Wales Celebrated The 10th Anniversary Of Coach Core
The Prince and Princess of Wales visited the Copper Box Arena for a Coach Core event
The Prince and Princess of Wales visited Northern Ireland
The Prince of Wales attended the United for Wildlife Summit
The Prince of Wales attended the United for Wildlife (UfW) Global Summit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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AppleMacBookAirM1
MacBook Air M1 (2020)
Apple MacBook Air (M1) review
Some zing in the Air
by Natalya Paul
Follow @https://twitter.com/NatalyaPaul
An Apple financial report is always met with a degree of eye-rolling inevitability, but its latest added raised brows. The total sales of Macs for the 2020 financial year hit a new record of $28.6billion, with the majority taken up by its supremely popular MacBook laptops... which does beg the question: If it ain't broke, why dump Intel?
The Californian tech giant has switched to its own ARM-based M1 processors for its latest MacBooks, with the promise that the arrival of Apple Silicon would make a monumental difference to the performance of its computers. So with Apple's most affordable laptop, ther really is something in the Air, but has the decision to rejig its insides been the right one?
Not much seems to have changed from the outside. Some will rejoice that the focus this time around is all about what's under the hood, while others will bemoan the lack of external evolution; either way, there's still no divisive Touch Bar to debate about – for that you'll need the more expensive MacBook Pro.
Consider this a Daft Punk move by Apple to 'work it harder, make it better' without the showy distraction of a cosmetic redesign... while, with no internal fan, the MacBook Air (M1) aims to keep its cool and do it all in deafening silence.
Design and build: Thin Air
Looking like the MacBook Air that arrived in the spring, it's a handsome, slender wedge cast from aluminium and weighing an identical 1.29kg.
There are two Thunderbolt ports, a headphone jack, and stereo speakers either side of a super smooth and flat Magic Keyboard that's a joy to tap away on and super responsive.
Touch ID on the top right button is a blessing and makes both logging in a breeze with no fear of any 'sheissenpooper, I've forgotten my password' drama.
Out goes the fan, in comes an aluminium heat-spreader for a serenely quiet experience, all displayed on 13.3in 400-nit Retina display with True Tone to appropriately tweak light levels depending on time of day.
The Retina display also supports a P3 wide gamut to deliver wonderfully accurate colours with a spectrum claimed to be 25% greater than sRGB. It's a huge leap if you're a serious photographer or videographer.
But it's not all good news. Some rather annoyingly thick bezels means you can forget anything like an edge-to-edge display.
While another downer from the big foam thumb is the measly and unchanged 720p front facing camera.
FaceTime felt incongruous with everything else we loved and expected from the MacBook Air, and with video calls increasingly becoming the norm we wished for more.
Performance: Breath of fresh air
Forget plain sailing, it's more speed boating, because the MacBook Air is a beast for performance and suddenly Craig Federighi's excitement feels entirely justified
The M1 is Apple's biggest breakthrough in years, supported by Geekbench scores head and shoulders above Intel-run machines. MacOS runs so fast it's like Apple designed it specifically for the task.
The Air took everything we threw at it, coping with multiple browsers, while downloading large files, image editing in the background with Adobe Photoshop, and typing too. If you're the type of user that runs multiple programmes simultaneously, you won't hear so much as a groan. This just wasn't the case before, and it's all down to the M1 chip.
This doesn't mean there isn't a ceiling to the MacBook Air's capabilities, and for serious video editing over long periods of time we'd still plump for a newer MacBook Pro featuring that bit more breathing space.
Multitasking aside, battery life is heroic, on an Apple device. Yes, you read that right. We managed a full working day without having to reach for the charger and then still managed to binge a few episodes of Big Mouth. That's not far off the claimed 18 hours video playback and 15 hours of wireless web browsing.
We can't think back to a time when forgetting your laptop charger was anything other than a disaster, but suddenly we're in the mood to be careless.
Apple MacBook Air M1 (2020) verdict
Stop press. This is the best MacBook Air we've ever used, and for once we aren't overly hankering for a Pro as the M1 chip means the Air's significant performance boost allows you to dip into both video editing and graphics-heavy gaming without breaking so much as a sweat.
The battery is a trooper, and though it might age over time, a day's work is entirely achievable.
There really is only one bugbear, and it's that rubbish webcam, which in the age of essential video calling is an annoyance we're finding hard to shake off.
If you can get over it, though, the MacBook Air (M1) arguably becomes the best all-round work laptop for under a grand.
Blazing speeds, better battery - but a disappointing camera
Super-fast
Retina display is superb
Webcam poor
Thick bezels
Apple MacBook Air 13 (2018)
Dell XPS 13 (2018) review
Apple MacBook Pro 13in (2019) review


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GIGOGRAPHY: 1986 | 1987 | 1988 | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 | 1993 | 1994 | 1995 | 1996 | 1997 | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019
Walk Me To The Bridge Review - All Noise - 5/10
From MSPpedia
From their new album Futurology, 'Walk Me To The Bridge' isn't the song I was expecting from the Preachers.
Though their last lead single 'Rewind The Song' was a difficult song to get into but ultimately rewarding, this new song lacks that spark and imagination, and feels like a sub-par release by the Welsh rockers.
Fans will embrace their return to their older sound, and the bridge leads up to the chorus nicely, but it doesn't capture the energy or statement-like lyrics of their bigger numbers.
Retrieved from 'http://www.foreverdelayed.org.uk/msppedia/index.php?title=Walk_Me_To_The_Bridge_Review_-_All_Noise_-_5/10&oldid=30668'


We verify the insurance status of every patient before they see the doctor. All office fees are payable at the time of service. We will file your insurance claim for you, but patients are responsible for paying all co-payments, deductibles, and for all non-covered services and fees.


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package eu.yaga.stockanalyzer.model;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * A POJO for fundamental data
 */
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class FundamentalData {

    @Id
    private String id;
    private Date date;

    private String symbol;
    private StockType stockType;
    private ArrayList<String> businessYears = new ArrayList<>();
    private double roe;
    private double ebit;
    private double equityRatio;
    private double ask;
    private double epsCurrentYear;
    private double epsNextYear;
    private Map<String, EarningsPerShare> epsHistory = new TreeMap<>();
    private double perCurrent;
    private double per5years;
    private double marketCapitalization;
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
    private Date lastQuarterlyFigures;
    @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
    private Date nextQuarterlyFigures;
    private StockIndex stockIndex;
    private double rateProgress6month;
    private double rateProgress1year;
    private List<Double> reversal3Month;
    private double profitGrowth;
    private double earningsRevision;
    private double analystEstimation;
    private int analystEstimationCount;
    private String name;
    private List<FundamentalDataUrl> urls = new ArrayList<>();
    private boolean automaticRating = true;

    private int overallRating;
    private int roeRating;
    private int ebitRating;
    private int equityRatioRating;
    private int perCurrentRating;
    private int per5yearsRating;
    private int analystEstimationRating;
    private int lastQuarterlyFiguresRating;
    private int rateProgress6monthRating;
    private int rateProgress1yearRating;
    private int rateMomentumRating;
    private int reversal3MonthRating;
    private int profitGrowthRating;
    private int earningsRevisionRating;

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Date getDate() {
        return date;
    }

    public void setDate(Date date) {
        this.date = date;
    }

    /**
     * get the symbol of the stock
     * @return symbol
     */
    public String getSymbol() {
        return symbol;
    }

    /**
     * set the symbol of the stock
     * @param symbol symbol
     */
    public void setSymbol(String symbol) {
        this.symbol = symbol;
    }

    /**
     * get the business years of the share
     * @return the business years
     */
    public ArrayList<String> getBusinessYears() {
        return businessYears;
    }

    /**
     * set the business years of the share
     * @param businessYears businessYears
     */
    public void setBusinessYears(ArrayList<String> businessYears) {
        this.businessYears = businessYears;
    }

    /**
     * get the return on equity (Eigenkapitalrendite) of the share in percentage
     * @return the roe
     */
    public double getRoe() {
        return roe;
    }

    /**
     * set the return on equity (Eigenkapitalrendite) of the share in percentage
     * @param roe roe
     */
    public void setRoe(double roe) {
        this.roe = roe;
    }

    /**
     * get the ebit (EBIT-Marge) of the share in percentage
     * @return ebit
     */
    public double getEbit() {
        return ebit;
    }

    /**
     * set the ebit (EBIT-Marge) of the share in percentage
     * @param ebit ebit
     */
    public void setEbit(double ebit) {
        this.ebit = ebit;
    }

    /**
     * get the equity ratio (Eigenkapitalquote) of the share in percentage
     * @return equity ratio
     */
    public double getEquityRatio() {
        return equityRatio;
    }

    /**
     * set the equity ratio (Eigenkapitalquote) of the share in percentage
     * @param equityRatio equity ratio
     */
    public void setEquityRatio(double equityRatio) {
        this.equityRatio = equityRatio;
    }

    /**
     * get the current ask price of the share in percentage
     * @return ask price
     */
    public double getAsk() {
        return ask;
    }

    /**
     * set the current ask price of the share in percentage
     * @param ask ask price
     */
    public void setAsk(double ask) {
        this.ask = ask;
    }

    public double getEpsCurrentYear() {
        return epsCurrentYear;
    }

    public void setEpsCurrentYear(double epsCurrentYear) {
        this.epsCurrentYear = epsCurrentYear;
    }

    public double getEpsNextYear() {
        return epsNextYear;
    }

    public void setEpsNextYear(double epsNextYear) {
        this.epsNextYear = epsNextYear;
    }

    public Map<String, EarningsPerShare> getEpsHistory() {
        return epsHistory;
    }

    public void setEpsHistory(Map<String, EarningsPerShare> epsHistory) {
        this.epsHistory = epsHistory;
    }

    /**
     * get the current price-earning ratio PER (KGV)
     * @return current per
     */
    public double getPerCurrent() {
        return perCurrent;
    }

    /**
     * set the price-earning ratio PER (KGV)
     * @param perCurrent per Current
     */
    public void setPerCurrent(double perCurrent) {
        this.perCurrent = perCurrent;
    }

    /**
     * get the 5 years price-earning ratio PER (KGV)
     * @return 5 years per
     */
    public double getPer5years() {
        return per5years;
    }

    /**
     * set the 5 years price-earning ratio PER (KGV)
     * @param per5years 5 years per
     */
    public void setPer5years(double per5years) {
        this.per5years = per5years;
    }

    /**
     * get the String value of the next year
     * @return year
     */
    public String getNextYear() {
        if (businessYears.size() > 0) {
            return businessYears.get(0);
        }
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * get the String value of the current year
     * @return year
     */
    public String getCurrentYear() {
        if (businessYears.size() > 1) {
            return businessYears.get(1);
        }
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * get the String value of the last year
     * @return year
     */
    public String getLastYear() {
        if (businessYears.size() > 2) {
            return businessYears.get(2);
        }
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * get the String value of two years ago
     * @return year
     */
    public String getTwoYearsAgo() {
        if (businessYears.size() > 3) {
            return businessYears.get(3);
        }
        return "";
    }

    /**
     * get the String value of three years ago
     * @return year
     */
    public String getThreeYearsAgo() {
        if (businessYears.size() > 4) {
            return businessYears.get(4);
        }
        return "";
    }

    public int getOverallRating() {
        return overallRating;
    }

    public void setOverallRating(int overallRating) {
        this.overallRating = overallRating;
    }

    public int getRoeRating() {
        return roeRating;
    }

    public void setRoeRating(int roeRating) {
        this.roeRating = roeRating;
    }

    public int getEbitRating() {
        return ebitRating;
    }

    public void setEbitRating(int ebitRating) {
        this.ebitRating = ebitRating;
    }

    public int getEquityRatioRating() {
        return equityRatioRating;
    }

    public void setEquityRatioRating(int equityRatioRating) {
        this.equityRatioRating = equityRatioRating;
    }

    public int getPerCurrentRating() {
        return perCurrentRating;
    }

    public void setPerCurrentRating(int perCurrentRating) {
        this.perCurrentRating = perCurrentRating;
    }

    public int getPer5yearsRating() {
        return per5yearsRating;
    }

    public void setPer5yearsRating(int per5yearsRating) {
        this.per5yearsRating = per5yearsRating;
    }

    public double getAnalystEstimation() {
        return analystEstimation;
    }

    public void setAnalystEstimation(double analystEstimation) {
        this.analystEstimation = analystEstimation;
    }

    public int getAnalystEstimationCount() {
        return analystEstimationCount;
    }

    public void setAnalystEstimationCount(int analystEstimationCount) {
        this.analystEstimationCount = analystEstimationCount;
    }

    public int getAnalystEstimationRating() {
        return analystEstimationRating;
    }

    public void setAnalystEstimationRating(int analystEstimationRating) {
        this.analystEstimationRating = analystEstimationRating;
    }

    public Date getLastQuarterlyFigures() {
        return lastQuarterlyFigures;
    }

    public void setLastQuarterlyFigures(Date lastQuarterlyFigures) {
        this.lastQuarterlyFigures = lastQuarterlyFigures;
    }

    public int getLastQuarterlyFiguresRating() {
        return lastQuarterlyFiguresRating;
    }

    public void setLastQuarterlyFiguresRating(int lastQuarterlyFiguresRating) {
        this.lastQuarterlyFiguresRating = lastQuarterlyFiguresRating;
    }

    public Date getNextQuarterlyFigures() {
        return nextQuarterlyFigures;
    }

    public void setNextQuarterlyFigures(Date nextQuarterlyFigures) {
        this.nextQuarterlyFigures = nextQuarterlyFigures;
    }

    public StockIndex getStockIndex() {
        return stockIndex;
    }

    public void setStockIndex(StockIndex stockIndex) {
        this.stockIndex = stockIndex;
    }

    public double getRateProgress6month() {
        return rateProgress6month;
    }

    public void setRateProgress6month(double rateProgress6month) {
        this.rateProgress6month = rateProgress6month;
    }

    public double getRateProgress1year() {
        return rateProgress1year;
    }

    public void setRateProgress1year(double rateProgress1year) {
        this.rateProgress1year = rateProgress1year;
    }

    public int getRateProgress6monthRating() {
        return rateProgress6monthRating;
    }

    public void setRateProgress6monthRating(int rateProgress6monthRating) {
        this.rateProgress6monthRating = rateProgress6monthRating;
    }

    public int getRateProgress1yearRating() {
        return rateProgress1yearRating;
    }

    public void setRateProgress1yearRating(int rateProgress1yearRating) {
        this.rateProgress1yearRating = rateProgress1yearRating;
    }

    public int getRateMomentumRating() {
        return rateMomentumRating;
    }

    public void setRateMomentumRating(int rateMomentumRating) {
        this.rateMomentumRating = rateMomentumRating;
    }

    public List<Double> getReversal3Month() {
        return reversal3Month;
    }

    public void setReversal3Month(List<Double> reversal3Month) {
        this.reversal3Month = reversal3Month;
    }

    public int getReversal3MonthRating() {
        return reversal3MonthRating;
    }

    public void setReversal3MonthRating(int reversal3MonthRating) {
        this.reversal3MonthRating = reversal3MonthRating;
    }

    public double getProfitGrowth() {
        return profitGrowth;
    }

    public void setProfitGrowth(double profitGrowth) {
        this.profitGrowth = profitGrowth;
    }

    public int getProfitGrowthRating() {
        return profitGrowthRating;
    }

    public void setProfitGrowthRating(int profitGrowthRating) {
        this.profitGrowthRating = profitGrowthRating;
    }

    public double getEarningsRevision() {
        return earningsRevision;
    }

    public void setEarningsRevision(double earningsRevision) {
        this.earningsRevision = earningsRevision;
    }

    public int getEarningsRevisionRating() {
        return earningsRevisionRating;
    }

    public void setEarningsRevisionRating(int earningsRevisionRating) {
        this.earningsRevisionRating = earningsRevisionRating;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public List<FundamentalDataUrl> getUrls() {
        return urls;
    }

    public void setUrls(List<FundamentalDataUrl> urls) {
        this.urls = urls;
    }

    public StockType getStockType() {
        return stockType;
    }

    public void setStockType(StockType stockType) {
        this.stockType = stockType;
    }

    public double getMarketCapitalization() {
        return marketCapitalization;
    }

    public void setMarketCapitalization(double marketCapitalization) {
        this.marketCapitalization = marketCapitalization;
    }

    public boolean isAutomaticRating() {
        return automaticRating;
    }

    public void setAutomaticRating(boolean automaticRating) {
        this.automaticRating = automaticRating;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "FundamentalData{" +
                "id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", date=" + date +
                ", symbol='" + symbol + '\'' +
                ", businessYears=" + businessYears +
                ", roe=" + roe +
                ", ebit=" + ebit +
                ", equityRatio=" + equityRatio +
                ", ask=" + ask +
                ", perCurrent=" + perCurrent +
                ", per5years=" + per5years +
                '}';
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I hope you are in good practice. He is getting stronger every day. Yes we are practicing daily after he finishes school, soccer practice and runs a few miles. Good luck.
I am ready if he is, please let me know when and where.
Good luck and play puck!
Challenge complete. Colin wins 4-0. It may end up giving Colin enough rating points to put His rating above Danny and Billy.


text:
Q: PHP does not use MySQL default sockets I am having a hard time understanding why PHP cannot connect with localhost as a host. I can connect by doing:
mysql -uroot -p

And also, through Sequel Pro I can connect with localhost as a host. But with PHP, I get:
Warning: mysqli_connect(): (HY000/2002): No such file or directory

I am sure it's because of the sockets, because If I try to change to 127.0.0.1 it works.
Why doesn't host work?

A: PHP is trying to use different socket then the one on which MySQL is listening.
To see on which socket is MySQL listening, run:
 mysqld --verbose --help|grep ^socket

socket       /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

To see what socket PHP tries to use, you can check output of script <?php phpinfo(); ?>, it is variable mysqli.default_socket. You can change it in your php.ini file (usually in /etc/php5/apache2/).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hongrui Jinling Grand Hotel Hefei | Low rates. No booking fees.
Book a room at Hongrui Jinling Grand Hotel Hefei online and save money. Best price guaranteed!
Hongrui Jinling Grand Hotel Hefei: low rates, no booking fees.
The hotel is located at 1799 Qi Men Road in Hefei, Feixi, Anhui, China – see Hefei map ».
Hotels in the neighbourhood of the Hongrui Jinling Grand Hotel Hefei are sorted by the distance from this hotel.
In the following list, large airports nearest to Hongrui Jinling Grand Hotel Hefei are sorted by the approximate distance from the hotel to the airport.
Airports near to Hongrui Jinling Grand Hotel Hefei, not listed above.
In the following list, car rental offices nearest to Hongrui Jinling Grand Hotel Hefei are sorted by the approximate distance from the hotel.
The following list shows places and landmarks nearest to Hongrui Jinling Grand Hotel Hefei sorted by the distance from the hotel to the centre of the listed place.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.IO;

namespace StdPaint
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents a collection of triangles in 3D space.
    /// </summary>
    public class Mesh : Renderable
    {
        private Triangle3f[] _tris;

        /// <summary>
        /// Creates a new Mesh from a triangle array.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="triangles">The triangle array to make the mesh out of.</param>
        public Mesh(Triangle3f[] triangles) : base()
        {
            _tris = triangles;
            Faces = new Face[1] {
                new Face(BufferColor.Gray, triangles)
            };
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Loads vertex data from an OBJ model file and creates a Mesh object out of it. Almost like magic.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="file">The path to the file to load.</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Mesh FromOBJ(string file)
        {
            List<Vector3> vertices = new List<Vector3>();
            List<Triangle3f> triangles = new List<Triangle3f>();
            using(StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(file))
            {
                Match match = null;
                while(!reader.EndOfStream)
                {
                    string line = reader.ReadLine().Trim();
                    if (line.Length == 0 || line.StartsWith("#"))
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                    else if (CheckRegex(line, @"v\s+(?<v1>-?\d+(\.\d+)?)\s+(?<v2>-?\d+(\.\d+)?)\s+(?<v3>-?\d+(\.\d+)?)", out match))
                    {
                        vertices.Add(new Vector3(
                            Double.Parse(match.Groups["v1"].Value),
                            Double.Parse(match.Groups["v2"].Value),
                            Double.Parse(match.Groups["v3"].Value)
                            ));
                    }
                    else if (CheckRegex(line, @"f\s+(?<v1>\d+)(/(\d+)?/\d?\s+)?\s+(?<v2>\d+)(/(\d+)?/\d?\s+)?\s+(?<v3>\d+)", out match))
                    {
                        triangles.Add(new Triangle3f(
                            vertices[Int32.Parse(match.Groups["v1"].Value) - 1],
                            vertices[Int32.Parse(match.Groups["v2"].Value) - 1],
                            vertices[Int32.Parse(match.Groups["v3"].Value) - 1]
                            ));
                    }
                }
            }
            return new Mesh(triangles.ToArray());
        }

        private static bool CheckRegex(string input, string pattern, out Match match)
        {
            match = Regex.Match(input, pattern, RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture);
            return match.Success;
        }
    }
}


Two new Christmas recordings by Jim Hudak are featured on the Sugo Music CD titled "Christmas Piano." The disc features piano recordings from four internationally acclaimed pianists including Jim Hudak. Jim's contributions to the record include the songs "Winter Wonderland" and "Do You Hear What I Hear." Click on the link http://www.sugomusic.com/thechristmaspiano.html to order the CD. It's priced at only $9.99 and you can use your credit card to order a wonderful Christmas gift for family or friends. Both of these songs will be included on Jim's own Christmas CD, which he hopes to have completed in time for Christmas this year. That album will include three original compositions and an outstanding collection of both well known and obscure Christmas songs. Check back for updates on the completion of this CD in the very near future.


Canon PIXMA G4500 Driver Download – tag : Download Driver Canon G4500 , Canon G4500 Driver For Windows 10/8.1/8/XP/Vista/2000/Windows me/Windows server, Canon G4500 Driver For Mac /mac os/mac x, Canon G4500 Driver For Linux Operating System | This Canon PIXMA G4500 driver download option is extremely useful particularly if you quickly lost your things. That is why the Canon's printer are just one of the best because they obtained you covered and there are a lot of selections of services in case you need aide on fixing a trouble that you experienced with the printer.
Canon PIXMA G4500 driver – This design with the ability of doing scanning as well as copying next to printing, and also the outcomes are remarkable. With inkjet technology, you are assurance for the speed in addition to the high quality of the outcomes.
canondriverprinter.com provides a download link for the Canon PIXMA G4500 Publishing directly from Canon Official Website you can download easily, to get the download link can be found below!


How Things Grow is written as a dialogue between the narrator and the little girl shown on the cover watering her garden. The book starts with the seasons and then goes on to discuss different plants and animals and how they grow. The illustrations diagram what the text covers, such as the life cycle of the frog or how chickens develop inside of eggs. Interestingly, the rooster is noticeably absent from the page describing how chickens grow in eggs. The book ends with the narrator reminding the little girl that she too is growing, having started as a baby. I like the inclusion of the little girl's accomplishments as Sean and I have been having very similar discussions as he compares what he can do and what Harriet can't do yet. I plan to hold onto this book to read to Harriet as she gets older.
Right after Ian got home yesterday Harriet began to fuss. She hadn't been napping much but I had guessed she was just well rested from her long night in her crib. Ian thought she looked sleepy so he put her in her crib. She cried a little bit but was out cold by five. Since Ian had work to do and was feeling frazzled, I left Ian and Harriet at home and got Sean myself. Harriet is rather popular at school and everyone said they missed her.
I expected Harriet to be awake when Sean and I got home but she was still happily asleep. In fact she stayed asleep all through dinner, and through Sean's bath and only peeped open an eye when Sean went to bed.
She stayed asleep until Sean woke up at two in the morning. Sean is still getting over a cold and his nose started to bother him enough that he started to cry. His crying woke up Harriet. Ian did an excellent job of handling the situation (and I slept blissfully through it until three when Harriet was still too hungry to get back to sleep). I got up and nursed Harriet for a few minutes but was able to get back to sleep at three thirty. Harriet then slept the remainder of the night in her chair in our room.


Families Against Cult Teachings (F.A.C.T.): Thank You For Making Our GivingTuesday a Success!
On behalf of all of us here at F.A.C.T., thank you so much for your generous donations and for sharing our cause with others. Without your support it would not be possible for us to continue on with our important work.


Having left cinema audiences in 1974 reeling with The Texas Chainsaw Massacre the late Tobe Hooper was looking for his next film. He was sent the script for Eaten Alive co written by Mardi Rustam who would also produce the film and who Hooper would later have spectacular clashes with on set. Featuring Neville Brand as Judd a swivel eyed redneck who runs a ropey hotel in Texas and like all good hotels kept a huge crocodile in a swamp that he would feed anyone who upset him……it was a business model that Donald Trump would decline as being too liberal. Incredibly the script was loosely based on the true story of Joe Ball who owned a bar that featured an alligator pit as an attraction where the murders of several women occurred. Unusually Eaten Alive would have many exterior scenes that would actually all be shot inside a studio including the crocodile swamp which would be shot in a tank that had been used for the opening scenes of Billy Wilder's 'Sunset Boulevard'.
Eaten Alive had an interesting cast that featured Mel Ferrer (who had been married to Audrey Hepburn), Carolyn Jones (who had made a name as Morticia Adams in the iconic TV series The Addams Family), Marilyn Burns (who had been in Texas Chainsaw) and a young Robert Englund who would hit pay dirt 8 years later when he was cast as Freddy Krueger.
The shoot was beset with animosity between Hooper and producer Rustram who frequently interfered with how he wanted Hooper to shoot the film and in the end after a massive bust up Hooper walked off set leaving Rustam to direct Janus Blythe who had only accepted the role because she had wanted to work with the Texas Chainsaw director.
Despite this Eaten Alive is an enjoyably pulpy B movie with Neville Brand running around with an enormous scythe despatching guests with aplomb and a giant crocodile that's better than you might expect for a low budget horror.
Released on DVD & Blu Ray there are some decent extras here with a so-so commentary by Rustam a few of the lesser known actors and a make up artist. A 2015 interview with Tobe Hooper, plus several featurettes with the main actors notably Marilyn Burns and Robert Englund as well as a feature on the Joe Ball story which is interesting if a little slow.
Running at a brief 91 minutes Eaten Alive would be what musician's call 'the difficult second album', and Hooper's problems on set would continue with his next film 'The Dark' before he really hit his stride again with 1979's adaptation of Stephen King's 'Salem's Lot'. But Eaten Alive is enjoyably daft with enough gore to please B-movie fans.
EATEN ALIVE IS OUT NOW ON DVD & BLU RAY.
Previous articleWill we ever see a Woody Allen film again?


text:
Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A modeling study
Emily A. Kendall, Samuel G. Schumacher, Claudia M. Denkinger, David W. Dowdy
Background: The Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay offers rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) but still suffers from imperfect sensitivity. The newer Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge has shown improved sensitivity in recent field trials, but at the expense of reduced specificity. The clinical implications of switching from the existing Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge in different populations remain uncertain. Methods and findings: We developed a Markov microsimulation model of hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 individuals undergoing diagnostic sputum evaluation with Xpert for suspected pulmonary TB, in each of 3 emblematic settings: an HIV clinic in South Africa, a public TB center in India, and an adult primary care setting in China. In each setting, we used existing data to project likely diagnostic results, treatment decisions, and ultimate clinical outcomes, assuming use of the standard Xpert versus Xpert Ultra cartridge. Our primary outcomes were the projected number of additional unnecessary treatments generated, the projected number of TB deaths averted, and the projected number of unnecessary treatments generated per TB death averted, if standard Xpert were switched to Xpert Ultra. We also simulated alternative approaches to interpreting positive results of the Ultra cartridge's semi-quantitative trace call. Extensive sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were performed to evaluate the drivers and generalizability of projected results. In the Indian TB center setting, replacing the standard Xpert cartridge with the Xpert Ultra cartridge was projected to avert 0.5 TB deaths (95% uncertainty range [UR]: 0, 1.3) and generate 18 unnecessary treatments (95% UR: 10, 29) per 1,000 individuals evaluated—resulting in a median ratio of 38 incremental unnecessary treatments added by Ultra per incremental death averted by Ultra compared to outcomes using standard Xpert (95% UR: 12, indefinite upper bound). In the South African HIV care setting—where TB mortality rates are higher and Ultra's improved sensitivity has greater absolute benefit—this ratio improved to 7 unnecessary treatments per TB death averted (95% UR: 2, 43). By contrast, in the Chinese primary care setting, this ratio was much less favorable, at 372 unnecessary treatments per TB death averted (95% UR: 75, indefinite upper bound), although the projected number of unnecessary treatments using Xpert Ultra was lower (with a possibility of no increased overtreatment) when using specificity data only from lower-burden settings. Alternative interpretations of the trace call had little effect on these ratios. Limitations include uncertainty in key parameters (including the clinical implications of false-negative results), the exclusion of transmission effects, and restriction of this analysis to adult pulmonary TB. Conclusions: Switching from the standard Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of adult pulmonary TB may have different consequences in different clinical settings. In settings with high TB and HIV prevalence, Xpert Ultra is likely to offer considerable mortality benefit, whereas in lower-prevalence settings, Xpert Ultra will likely result in considerable overtreatment unless the possibility of higher specificity of Ultra in lower-prevalence settings in confirmed. The ideal use of the Ultra cartridge may therefore involve a more nuanced, setting-specific approach to implementation, with priority given to populations in which the anticipated prevalence of TB (and HIV) is the highest.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002472
10.1371/journal.pmed.1002472
Dive into the research topics of 'Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A modeling study'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Tuberculosis Medicine & Life Sciences 78%
Uncertainty Medicine & Life Sciences 56%
Medical Overuse Medicine & Life Sciences 21%
Primary Health Care Medicine & Life Sciences 13%
South Africa Medicine & Life Sciences 9%
Mortality Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Kendall, E. A., Schumacher, S. G., Denkinger, C. M., & Dowdy, D. W. (2017). Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A modeling study. PLoS medicine, 14(12), [e1002472]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002472
Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis : A modeling study. / Kendall, Emily A.; Schumacher, Samuel G.; Denkinger, Claudia M.; Dowdy, David W.
In: PLoS medicine, Vol. 14, No. 12, e1002472, 12.2017.
Kendall, EA, Schumacher, SG, Denkinger, CM & Dowdy, DW 2017, 'Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A modeling study', PLoS medicine, vol. 14, no. 12, e1002472. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002472
Kendall EA, Schumacher SG, Denkinger CM, Dowdy DW. Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A modeling study. PLoS medicine. 2017 Dec;14(12). e1002472. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002472
Kendall, Emily A. ; Schumacher, Samuel G. ; Denkinger, Claudia M. ; Dowdy, David W. / Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis : A modeling study. In: PLoS medicine. 2017 ; Vol. 14, No. 12.
@article{1896a3a6788c4b2fbd2364a8010abfd9,
title = "Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: A modeling study",
abstract = "Background: The Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay offers rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) but still suffers from imperfect sensitivity. The newer Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge has shown improved sensitivity in recent field trials, but at the expense of reduced specificity. The clinical implications of switching from the existing Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge in different populations remain uncertain. Methods and findings: We developed a Markov microsimulation model of hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 individuals undergoing diagnostic sputum evaluation with Xpert for suspected pulmonary TB, in each of 3 emblematic settings: an HIV clinic in South Africa, a public TB center in India, and an adult primary care setting in China. In each setting, we used existing data to project likely diagnostic results, treatment decisions, and ultimate clinical outcomes, assuming use of the standard Xpert versus Xpert Ultra cartridge. Our primary outcomes were the projected number of additional unnecessary treatments generated, the projected number of TB deaths averted, and the projected number of unnecessary treatments generated per TB death averted, if standard Xpert were switched to Xpert Ultra. We also simulated alternative approaches to interpreting positive results of the Ultra cartridge{\textquoteright}s semi-quantitative trace call. Extensive sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were performed to evaluate the drivers and generalizability of projected results. In the Indian TB center setting, replacing the standard Xpert cartridge with the Xpert Ultra cartridge was projected to avert 0.5 TB deaths (95% uncertainty range [UR]: 0, 1.3) and generate 18 unnecessary treatments (95% UR: 10, 29) per 1,000 individuals evaluated—resulting in a median ratio of 38 incremental unnecessary treatments added by Ultra per incremental death averted by Ultra compared to outcomes using standard Xpert (95% UR: 12, indefinite upper bound). In the South African HIV care setting—where TB mortality rates are higher and Ultra{\textquoteright}s improved sensitivity has greater absolute benefit—this ratio improved to 7 unnecessary treatments per TB death averted (95% UR: 2, 43). By contrast, in the Chinese primary care setting, this ratio was much less favorable, at 372 unnecessary treatments per TB death averted (95% UR: 75, indefinite upper bound), although the projected number of unnecessary treatments using Xpert Ultra was lower (with a possibility of no increased overtreatment) when using specificity data only from lower-burden settings. Alternative interpretations of the trace call had little effect on these ratios. Limitations include uncertainty in key parameters (including the clinical implications of false-negative results), the exclusion of transmission effects, and restriction of this analysis to adult pulmonary TB. Conclusions: Switching from the standard Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of adult pulmonary TB may have different consequences in different clinical settings. In settings with high TB and HIV prevalence, Xpert Ultra is likely to offer considerable mortality benefit, whereas in lower-prevalence settings, Xpert Ultra will likely result in considerable overtreatment unless the possibility of higher specificity of Ultra in lower-prevalence settings in confirmed. The ideal use of the Ultra cartridge may therefore involve a more nuanced, setting-specific approach to implementation, with priority given to populations in which the anticipated prevalence of TB (and HIV) is the highest.",
author = "Kendall, {Emily A.} and Schumacher, {Samuel G.} and Denkinger, {Claudia M.} and Dowdy, {David W.}",
note = "Funding Information: EAK is a recipient of National Institutes of Health (www.nih.gov) award K08AI127908. SGS and CMD are supported by grants from the Government of Netherlands (DSO/GA-523/10, www.government.nl) for assay development and from the Government of Australia (70957, www.australia.gov.au). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors thank the many individuals involved in the multicenter diagnostic accuracy study, whose primary data on the performance of Xpert Ultra informed this model and allowed us to develop it to guide decision-making before the primary data were published—including Irene Anyango, K. K. Chopra, Xin Liu, Mark P. Nicol, and Nestani Tukvadze. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 Kendall et al.",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pmed.1002472",
journal = "PLoS Medicine",
T1 - Estimated clinical impact of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis
T2 - A modeling study
AU - Kendall, Emily A.
AU - Schumacher, Samuel G.
AU - Denkinger, Claudia M.
AU - Dowdy, David W.
N1 - Funding Information: EAK is a recipient of National Institutes of Health (www.nih.gov) award K08AI127908. SGS and CMD are supported by grants from the Government of Netherlands (DSO/GA-523/10, www.government.nl) for assay development and from the Government of Australia (70957, www.australia.gov.au). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors thank the many individuals involved in the multicenter diagnostic accuracy study, whose primary data on the performance of Xpert Ultra informed this model and allowed us to develop it to guide decision-making before the primary data were published—including Irene Anyango, K. K. Chopra, Xin Liu, Mark P. Nicol, and Nestani Tukvadze. Publisher Copyright: © 2017 Kendall et al.
N2 - Background: The Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay offers rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) but still suffers from imperfect sensitivity. The newer Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge has shown improved sensitivity in recent field trials, but at the expense of reduced specificity. The clinical implications of switching from the existing Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge in different populations remain uncertain. Methods and findings: We developed a Markov microsimulation model of hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 individuals undergoing diagnostic sputum evaluation with Xpert for suspected pulmonary TB, in each of 3 emblematic settings: an HIV clinic in South Africa, a public TB center in India, and an adult primary care setting in China. In each setting, we used existing data to project likely diagnostic results, treatment decisions, and ultimate clinical outcomes, assuming use of the standard Xpert versus Xpert Ultra cartridge. Our primary outcomes were the projected number of additional unnecessary treatments generated, the projected number of TB deaths averted, and the projected number of unnecessary treatments generated per TB death averted, if standard Xpert were switched to Xpert Ultra. We also simulated alternative approaches to interpreting positive results of the Ultra cartridge's semi-quantitative trace call. Extensive sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were performed to evaluate the drivers and generalizability of projected results. In the Indian TB center setting, replacing the standard Xpert cartridge with the Xpert Ultra cartridge was projected to avert 0.5 TB deaths (95% uncertainty range [UR]: 0, 1.3) and generate 18 unnecessary treatments (95% UR: 10, 29) per 1,000 individuals evaluated—resulting in a median ratio of 38 incremental unnecessary treatments added by Ultra per incremental death averted by Ultra compared to outcomes using standard Xpert (95% UR: 12, indefinite upper bound). In the South African HIV care setting—where TB mortality rates are higher and Ultra's improved sensitivity has greater absolute benefit—this ratio improved to 7 unnecessary treatments per TB death averted (95% UR: 2, 43). By contrast, in the Chinese primary care setting, this ratio was much less favorable, at 372 unnecessary treatments per TB death averted (95% UR: 75, indefinite upper bound), although the projected number of unnecessary treatments using Xpert Ultra was lower (with a possibility of no increased overtreatment) when using specificity data only from lower-burden settings. Alternative interpretations of the trace call had little effect on these ratios. Limitations include uncertainty in key parameters (including the clinical implications of false-negative results), the exclusion of transmission effects, and restriction of this analysis to adult pulmonary TB. Conclusions: Switching from the standard Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of adult pulmonary TB may have different consequences in different clinical settings. In settings with high TB and HIV prevalence, Xpert Ultra is likely to offer considerable mortality benefit, whereas in lower-prevalence settings, Xpert Ultra will likely result in considerable overtreatment unless the possibility of higher specificity of Ultra in lower-prevalence settings in confirmed. The ideal use of the Ultra cartridge may therefore involve a more nuanced, setting-specific approach to implementation, with priority given to populations in which the anticipated prevalence of TB (and HIV) is the highest.
AB - Background: The Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) assay offers rapid and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) but still suffers from imperfect sensitivity. The newer Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge has shown improved sensitivity in recent field trials, but at the expense of reduced specificity. The clinical implications of switching from the existing Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge in different populations remain uncertain. Methods and findings: We developed a Markov microsimulation model of hypothetical cohorts of 100,000 individuals undergoing diagnostic sputum evaluation with Xpert for suspected pulmonary TB, in each of 3 emblematic settings: an HIV clinic in South Africa, a public TB center in India, and an adult primary care setting in China. In each setting, we used existing data to project likely diagnostic results, treatment decisions, and ultimate clinical outcomes, assuming use of the standard Xpert versus Xpert Ultra cartridge. Our primary outcomes were the projected number of additional unnecessary treatments generated, the projected number of TB deaths averted, and the projected number of unnecessary treatments generated per TB death averted, if standard Xpert were switched to Xpert Ultra. We also simulated alternative approaches to interpreting positive results of the Ultra cartridge's semi-quantitative trace call. Extensive sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were performed to evaluate the drivers and generalizability of projected results. In the Indian TB center setting, replacing the standard Xpert cartridge with the Xpert Ultra cartridge was projected to avert 0.5 TB deaths (95% uncertainty range [UR]: 0, 1.3) and generate 18 unnecessary treatments (95% UR: 10, 29) per 1,000 individuals evaluated—resulting in a median ratio of 38 incremental unnecessary treatments added by Ultra per incremental death averted by Ultra compared to outcomes using standard Xpert (95% UR: 12, indefinite upper bound). In the South African HIV care setting—where TB mortality rates are higher and Ultra's improved sensitivity has greater absolute benefit—this ratio improved to 7 unnecessary treatments per TB death averted (95% UR: 2, 43). By contrast, in the Chinese primary care setting, this ratio was much less favorable, at 372 unnecessary treatments per TB death averted (95% UR: 75, indefinite upper bound), although the projected number of unnecessary treatments using Xpert Ultra was lower (with a possibility of no increased overtreatment) when using specificity data only from lower-burden settings. Alternative interpretations of the trace call had little effect on these ratios. Limitations include uncertainty in key parameters (including the clinical implications of false-negative results), the exclusion of transmission effects, and restriction of this analysis to adult pulmonary TB. Conclusions: Switching from the standard Xpert cartridge to the Xpert Ultra cartridge for diagnosis of adult pulmonary TB may have different consequences in different clinical settings. In settings with high TB and HIV prevalence, Xpert Ultra is likely to offer considerable mortality benefit, whereas in lower-prevalence settings, Xpert Ultra will likely result in considerable overtreatment unless the possibility of higher specificity of Ultra in lower-prevalence settings in confirmed. The ideal use of the Ultra cartridge may therefore involve a more nuanced, setting-specific approach to implementation, with priority given to populations in which the anticipated prevalence of TB (and HIV) is the highest.
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002472
DO - 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002472
JO - PLoS Medicine
JF - PLoS Medicine


text:
The Saturday Paper
Quarterly Essay
Australian Foreign Affairs
Sly late style
By Barry Hill
JM Coetzee's 'Late Essays: 2006–2017' shows his deep respect and sympathy for fellow writers
"Coetzee the critic is every bit as good as Coetzee the novelist," the Irish Times said of his third essay collection back in 2001. For Late Essays: 2006–2017 (Knopf Australia; $29.99), his fifth, his publishers use the blurb again, and no one should argue with the praise.
JM Coetzee is a critic in the classic mode. His essays are models of clarity, judicious reasoning, and respectful attention to the intentions as well as the mixed achievements of other writers. I am inclined to think of Coetzee as a Confucian critic, a kind of sage who brings composure to bear on the earthquake zones of mind and heart. He is a master of prose's lucidities, all the while cognisant of the hidden presence of poetry, which arises from the domain of the unutterable, the unconscious, the realms of disorder.
Late Essays is a loaded title if ever there was one. Of course, the "late" may just refer to the fact that Coetzee is getting on a bit: his new perfections can't be offered to us indefinitely. But the undergrowth, the rather obsessional preoccupations, offer sly hints to the sympathies that seem to inform his own late style, with its penchant for fable and elusive discourse.
I'm thinking of the enigmatic abstractions in his recent "Jesus novels", where normal narrative props are lacking, and mysterious silences fill the gaps. And there was that beguiling, irksome book, The Good Story: Exchanges on Truth, Fiction and Psychotherapy, where Coetzee was in conversation with Arabella Kurtz, an English psychotherapist who spoke forthrightly about the lived complexities of emotional truths. By contrast, Coetzee seemed to be rationalistic, withholding – a man with something to fear or defend. I couldn't help reading Late Essays for threads that might link to these impressions.
Most of the 23 pieces have either been published in the New York Review of Books or as introductions to South American texts written in Spanish, a fact that gives Late Essays a marvellous, international reach. There are grand pieces on Daniel Defoe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ford Madox Ford, Philip Roth, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Hölderlin – to name the subjects of the first half dozen. Coetzee is sympathetically in tune with the writers who get closest to the edge of difficulty with their own constructions of themselves, and their protagonists. Two themes are instantly apparent: the Puritan ethic of judgement, with its consorts guilt and shame; and the peculiar ways in which writers are confined and complicated by the bourgeois conventions of their readerships.
And once a writer's life and fictions are put on the operating table, deeper philosophical issues show through. Language itself can become the obstacle to a true rendition of what is of value in art, and in life. The same might be said of human consciousness in a natural world that includes other sentient creatures. What becomes of truth-stakes, justice and love when such matters are considered? What on earth (as distinct from in heaven) is a writer to do? Implicitly, these questions keep looming in Late Essays. They constitute the load and the mother lode of the collection.
A certain kind of author – Flaubert with his Madame Bovary is the standard model – will efface themselves in the narrative. They will develop an impersonal style. Their self-disgust will win the literary day. From this anonymity they might forge a style "as clean and cold as a knife", to use the phrase Coetzee once applied to VS Naipaul, and which he could have applied to himself. Coetzee registers a keen understanding of writers who mirror social worlds that reinforce such a style: in Ford Madox Ford's The Good Soldier, for example, the hero is "the chief practitioner of this code or cult of wordlessness", over against anything "unseemly" that comes "straight from the heart".
At the dark end of this scale of withdrawal lies madness. The Swiss writer Robert Walser fell into an obsessive madness that was inseparable from his writing things down. Walser, in deep privacy, could describe the bliss of the everyday world but it did him no good. He was happiest in the asylum, where he wrote short, plot-less prose pieces, but it was in an earlier novel, The Assistant, where his protagonist was happiest because he was capable of what Coetzee calls "a profound, almost animal immersion in nature".
By contrast, outer forces brought psychic ruin to the Argentinean novelist Antonio Di Benedetto, who was incarcerated in 1976 during the military coup and emerged from his tortures too broken to write again. Coetzee "harvests the darkness" of Di Benedetto's novel Zama, published in 1956, a tale replete with images of cruelty to man and beast, yet dedicated to "the victims of expectation". This sounds contradictory, until Coetzee puts us in the Kafkaesque landscape of life and death under the generals, one of whom spelled out their method thus: "First we will kill all the subversives, then we will kill their collaborators, then their sympathizers, then those who remained indifferent, and finally we will kill the timid."
Coetzee has read his history and knows its politics. Late Essays is a sustained scrutiny of fictions as psychological/political events in the real world. The essays become micro-biographies, or penetrating raids on biographies that have been done. They steer clear of happiness.
Readers might baulk at their melancholic inevitabilities. But all of a sudden – and slap in the middle of the collection – they will find themselves in the lap of warm tenderness. Coetzee offers a piece on Platero and I, the Andalusian children's story by Juan Ramón Jiménez. Platero is a donkey. Coetzee explains:
It is the mutual gaze, between the eyes of this man – a man whom the gypsy children mock as crazy, and who tells the story of Platero and I rather than of I and Platero – and the eyes of "his" donkey that establishes the deep bond between them, in much the same way that a bond is established between mother and infant at the moment when their gazes first lock. Again and again the mutual bond between man and beast is reinforced. "From time to time Platero stops eating to look at me. I from time to time stop reading to look at Platero."
Coetzee hastens to add that Jiménez has not humanised the donkey; that would betray the donkey's asinine essence.
Nevertheless, this barrier is now and again breached when for an instant the poet's vision, like a ray of light, penetrates and illuminates Platero's world; or, to make the same claim in a different form, when the senses that we human beings possess in common with the beasts, infused with our heart's love, permit us, through the agency of Jiménez the poet, to intuit that experience.
The essay is less than four pages. It does as much for love as Tolstoy's Anna Karenina tried to do. The tale demonstrates, Coetzee remarks, "that no matter how humble we are we must have someone to love or we will dry up and perish".
Nowhere else in Late Essays does Coetzee's own voice break through as directly, redemptively. It points beyond writing, and soon enough, after considering Tolstoy's failed case against art, and Zbigniew Herbert's poetic recovery of a thinking subject (his "Mr Cogito" persona) after the traumas of Poland, Coetzee arrives at the door of Samuel Beckett. At Beckett's feet, in effect. There are four superb essays on Beckett, and their purport is to praise Beckett as he has in the past: "as an artist possessed by a vision of life without consolation or dignity or promise of grace … to which he gave expression in language of a virile strength and intellectual subtlety that mark him as one of the great prose stylists of the twentieth century".
'The Young Samuel Beckett' is one of the highlights – made possible by the publication of the first volume of Beckett's letters in 2005. It's a source of wonder for Coetzee that Beckett once applied for a lectureship in Italian at the University of Cape Town. Coetzee, who shares Beckett's facility with languages as well as philosophy, is sympathetic to Beckett's nervous disorder pertaining to his domineering mother – "the intrauterine memories", as Beckett dubbed them, which disabled him until he sought help by psychoanalysis.
Beckett saw his therapist – Wilfred Bion at the Tavistock clinic in London – several hundred times in 1934–35. The task was to re-evaluate the priority Beckett gave to "pure thought" (which was already the absurdist subject matter of Beckett's fictions). Therapy set Beckett on his own way towards what he called the "literature of the non-word".
Coetzee's other major piece is on the German poet Hölderlin. With all the authority of his own German, he takes up the work of Hölderlin's 20th-century translator, Michael Hamburger, along with Richard Sieburth's translations. (Martin Heidegger's are in the deep background.) The young Hölderlin, who had once trained for the priesthood, adopted as a motto the Greek phrase en kai pan, one and all: "life constitutes a harmonious unity, our goal must be to merge with the All".
Hölderlin's great poems arrived between bouts of madness. "In his last productive years," Coetzee writes, "Hölderlin seems to have abandoned the notion of the definitive, to have regarded each seemingly completed poem as merely a stopping place, a base from which to conduct further raids on the unsaid." Coetzee wonders if the poet might have been feeling his way towards "a new aesthetics of the fragmentary, and an accompanying poetic epistemology of the flashing insight or vision". Coetzee's own translations are offered as expressions of Hölderlin's valiant engagement with the Greek gods who have forsaken humankind. They are grand, almost as if Coetzee would have his own voicings participate in Hölderlin's project.
But 'Translating Hölderlin' is not an imperious essay. It dawned on me while reading Late Essays that Coetzee's cold style, the reserve in it – a product of his formal intelligence and a persona shaped by the cruelties of his upbringing – might mask a tenderness he was deprived of yet seeks to express. He is tender, for instance, with Les Murray (another writer fluent in several languages), who has suffered from depression, and who has written a whole book in which he enters the minds of animals. Coetzee makes corrective remarks about Murray's bucolic idealisms, and in a kind enough way urges him to let go of his grudges. He is full of praise for Murray's great communal poem 'The Buladelah-Taree Holiday Song Cycle', which reaches back to Arnhem Land's 'Song Cycle of the Moon-Bone'.
And Coetzee has a special regard for the mysterious self-constructions of Gerald Murnane, a novelist who has made an oblique art of inner, abstract landscapes. Eventually, Murnane, as reticent and as philosophically demanding a man as Coetzee, gave up writing fiction. Late in his life he asked himself why he had ever started. Coetzee points us to Murnane's answer: without writing he "would never be able to suggest to another person what I truly felt towards him or her".
Late Essays gives you the feeling that Coetzee has come to look into the eyes of writers, the better to read them with the justice they deserve for the burdens they carry.
Barry Hill
Barry Hill is a poet and historian. His book Naked Clay: Drawing from Lucian Freud was short-listed for the UK's 2012 Forward Prize.
Late Essays is a loaded title if ever there was one...
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