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Krishna Priya Ganguly Vs. University of Lucknow & Ors [1983] INSC 151 (7 October 1983)
FAZALALI, SYED MURTAZA FAZALALI, SYED MURTAZA VARADARAJAN, A. (J) THAKKAR, M.P. (J)
CITATION: 1984 AIR 186 1984 SCR (1) 302 1984 SCC (1) 307 1983 SCALE (2)877
Admissions to post-graduate courses in medicine- Directions granting provisional admissions pending disposal of petitions-approach by Courts.
State Government orders laying down criteria for admissions-Whether of statutory effect, when they are consistent with rules framed by Medical Council of India?
This batch of appeals arose out of admissions sought by several candidates to post-graduate courses in the Medical Colleges of Uttar Pradesh. While in some of them the candidates were the appellants and the State the respondent, in others it was vice versa. By an order dated 3-12-1980 the State Government had laid down that admissions were to be made purely on the basis of merit, the criterion being the total percentage of marks obtained by the candidate in the M.B.B.S. examination. In as many as 9 out of the 20 appeals, the candidates who had been given provisional admissions pursuant to interim orders made by the Court had completed their courses and only their results were to be declared. In all those cases, the State, realising the futility of forcing the candidates to complete the course all over again, conceded that the results of such candidates may be declared and on passing the same they would be admitted to the courses concerned though the candidates in question were lacking in merit and their original rejection was justified.
In one of the appeals filed by the State, the candidate in question had obtained only 43 percent marks at the M.B.B.S. examination and happened to be the last candidate in the list of persons who had applied for admission to the post- graduate course. Although the candidate had merely prayed for a writ directing the State or the college to consider his case for admission, the High Court, relying mainly on the fact that the candidate had a diploma to his credit, straightway issued a writ of mandamus directing the college to admit him to the course applied for, thereby granting a relief which the candidate himself had not prayed for.
HELD: The practice of forcing the authorities to grant provisional admissions has been evolved keeping in view the fact that on account of huge accumulation of arrears in courts it takes a long time for petitions to be disposed of.
By the time the cases come up for hearing, the rejected candidates might have completed their course and become eligible for admission to the higher course although the court may ultimately find that their initial rejection was justified and they did not deserve to be admitted to the course. Such a situation becomes a sort of fait accompli for those in charge of the institutions 303 as a result of which the candidates are admitted in due deference to the desire of the court by increasing or creating vacancies even in the absence of proper facilities to train the extra candidates. Unless the institutions can provide complete facilities for the training of each candidate admitted in the various disciplines, the medical education will be incomplete and the universities would be turning out doctors not fully qualified which would adversely affect the health of the people in general.
Therefore, the practice of lightly granting provisional admissions should be discontinued in future. Whenever a writ petition is filed, provisional admission should not be given as a matter of course on the petition being admitted unless the court is fully satisfied that the petitioner has a cast- iron case which is bound to succeed or the error is so gross or apparent that no other conclusion is possible. In order to test this fact, even a short notice may be given to explore as to what the other side has to say and thereafter if the court is satisfied that there is a strong prima facie case and the matter needs thorough examination, provisional admission may be given.
The State Government order dated 3-12-1980 prescribing the criteria for admission to post-graduate courses in Medical Colleges made under s.28(5) of the U. P. State Universities Act, 1973, is fully consistent with the tenor and spirit of the rules framed by the Medical Council of India. The rules framed by the Medical Council of India have a statutory effect under s.33 of the Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 and are binding on all the colleges and universities providing for medical education in the country.
The High Court had made a very arbitrary, casual and laconic approach to the case of the candidate who had obtained 43 per cent marks and based its judgment purely on speculation and conjectures swept away by the consideration that the candidate possessed a diploma to his credit when, in fact, other candidates also had obtained diploma and that could not be taken into consideration under the prescribed rules.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 133- 134, 137-140, 142-146, 595, 3045-3046 of 1982.
(Appeals by Special leave Petitions from the Judgment and Order dated the Ist October, 1981 & 14th August, 1981 of the Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench) in Writ Petition Nos. 1834, 3946, 3825,2953, 4177, 4163,4234, 4319,4320, 3591, 3775, 2952 and 1662 of 1981).
With Civil Appeal No. 3047 of 1982 Appeal by Special leave from the Judgment and Order dated the 19th March, 1982 of the Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench) in WP. No. 4245 of 1981.
304 ADVOCATES FOR THE APPEARING PARTIES:
S. N. Kacker, Ms. S. Bhandare, T. Sridharan & Ms. C. K. Sudhariata.
K. K. Jain, M. D. Sagar, P. Dayal, Pankaj Kalra, R. P. Singh, v. A. Bobde, K. J. John, Altaf Ahmed, Kailash Vasdev, Ms. Vrinda, Anil Kumar Gupta, Brij Bhushan, Kapil Sibil, Ms. S. Dikshit, Sudhi Kulshreshtha, B.R. Agarwala, R.H. Pancholi, Vijayalakshmi Menon & B.P. Singh.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by Fazal Ali. J.: Soon after our hard won freedom there was a gradual rise in the urban population in view of the process of industrialisation and setting up of heavy projects and industries in order to make our country more and more self-sufficient. This led to a certain spurt and rise in the urban population as people from the rural areas started pouring into the urban cities which provided far better opportunities for education and employment than the rural areas. This sudden increase in urban population led to the spread of epidemics and diseases resulting in a rapid growth of educational institutions both in the public and private sectors.
In these appeals, we are concerned only with the medical education; the Government had to face a serious problem with the coming up of medical colleges which started growing like mushrooms and were charging huge capitation fees to make substantial profits without providing proper medical education and caring precious little for achieving excellence of standards in medical education which, if denuded of such standards, would pose a serious health hazard to the people. Surely, we would not wish that people who could ill-afford to go in for well equipped expensive medical practitioners should be thrown at the mercy of quacks. Similar situation arose in technical, engineering and other kinds of institutions but we would concentrate on the feature and facets of medical education which alone forms the subject-matter of these appeals. We have seen from our experience that each year there is a huge rush for admission to seats in medical colleges for various courses, which being rather few and insufficient to control or absorb all sorts and kinds of candidates as the well-known Persian proverb "JAYE TANG AST WA MARDUMA BISYAR" (i.e. little space and people many) seems aptly to apply in such a situation.
However, in order to meet the 305 contingency resulting from a heavy rush for admissions the institutions set up certain standards or tests which had to be complied with before candidates could be admitted. Here also, as in other spheres, favouritism and nepotism have their own role to play as a result of which merits suffer.
In order to meet these contingencies and ward off such evils, the Government through its circulars and the Medical Council of India being alive to this delicate and difficult problem sought to solve the problem by making rules and regulations for admission of candidates to various courses in different disciplines (subjects) to achieve excellence in medical standards keeping in view statutory and constitutional reservations. Unfortunately, however, these rules were often flouted and observed more in breach than in compliance by those who were in charge of the medical education: the result was again a huge spurt of writ petitions in the High Court to weed out the inefficient and ineligible and absorb the efficient and eligible, With this short prelude, now to the facts of the case which disclose a sad story indeed-not because those in charge of the institutions commit errors but because the courts start directing the authorities to grant provisional admissions to students even if they did not deserve the same in some cases. Experience has shown that in view of the huge accumulation of arrears in courts, it takes a long time for the petitions to be disposed of, hence we have evolved the practice of forcing the authorities to grant provisional admissions which has resulted in a piquant and pungent situation because by the time the case comes up for hearing, the rejected candidates having completed their course and having appeared at the examination with every hope of success become eligible for admission to the higher course in case of success though the Court may ultimately find that their initial rejection was justified. Such a situation becomes a sort of a fait accompli for those in charge of the institutions as a result of which the candidates are admitted in due deference to the desire of the court by increasing or creating vacancies even in the absence of suitable and proper facilities to train the extra candidates. This results in an anathema and a dilemma for which there is hardly any remedy. The present cases are a clear illustration of this problem Our suggestions, therefore, is that whenever a writ petition is filed provisional admission should not be given as a matter of course on the petition being admitted unless the court is fully satisfied that the petitioner has a cast-iron case which is bound to succeed or the error is so gross or apparent that no other conclusion is possible. In order, however, to test this fact even a short notice may be given to 306 explore as to what the other side has to say and thereafter if the court is satisfied that there is strong prima facie case and the matter needs thorough examination, provisional admission may be given. We hope and trust that the High Courts would in future discontinue the practice of lightly granting provisional admission to the candidates at the time of regular admissions, as observed above. It is needless to state that this Court on its part would also be extremely reluctant to grant provisional admission and would do so only in a very special case. The fundamental reason for this is that otherwise the institutions are likely to become overcrowded by candidates, eligible or ineligible, efficient or inefficient. Unless the Institutions can provide complete and full facilities for the training of each candidate who is admitted in the various disciplines, the medical education will be incomplete and the universities would be turning out Doctors not fully qualified which would adversely affect the health of the people in general.
Out of these appeals, some of them have been dismissed as not pressed, others were heard on merits. By the time the case was taken up by this Court, in as many as 9 out of the 20 appeals the candidates had completed their courses and as only the result had to be declared, the counsel for the State with his usual fairness, realising the futility of forcing the candidates to complete the course all over again conceded that the results of such candidates may be declared and on passing the same they would be admitted to the courses concerned though the petitioners were lacking in merits and their original rejection was justified. We made this direction by a formal order, the reasons for which we would give hereafter.
This now brings us to the consideration of the appeals which survive. Before dealing with the individual cases of the appellants/respondents, it may be necessary for us to adjudicate on the validity of the circulars passed by the Government and the rules and regulations framed by the Medical Council of India, to put the matter beyond controversy so that a consistent test may be applied to all candidates desiring admission and unless rules are adhered to, admissions would be denied in which case this Court will not interfere in the absence of a plea of prejudice or bias which would be naturally for the candidates to establish.
In some cases the candidates are appellants and in a few the State is the appellant and therefore for facility, the candidates who have filed appeals against refusal for admission to the M.D.M.S.
307 Course of the king Georges Medical College, affiliated to the Lucknow University, will hereinafter be referred to as the candidates' and the State of Uttar Pradesh will be referred to as the 'State'. We might also mention that before the appeals were heard on merit, C.A. Nos. 132 and 136/82 were dismissed as not pressed, owing to lack of instructions, by our order dated 17-8-83 and C.A. Nos. 135, 141 and 163/82 were also dismissed by this Court as not pressed. Thus, the appeals filed by the candidates or the State which survive, alone need be adjudicated by this Court. The facts of the case, the grounds taken by the candidates or the State and other details have been very clearly set out in the judgment of the High Court and it is not necessary for us to repeat the same all over again.
The appeals arise out of the admissions sought by several candidates to the M.D.M.S. courses for the year 1981-82, the session starting from 1.4.1981. In order to regulate the admission of the candidates to the M.D.M.S. course the Government by an order dated 3.12.80 laid down the tests and criteria for admitting the candidates to the courses in various disciplines. The High Court has rightly pointed out that there are diverse modes of determining one's merit which, in our opinion, is of prime importance because while admitting candidates to M.D. course every precaution should be taken to rule out inefficiency or incompetency lest the candidate admitted and passed, turns out to be a serious health hazard to the people who are to be treated by him. The High Court further pointed out that merit should be determined with reference to good academic career or to the performance at the last M.B.B.S. examination or at the last qualifying examination. It is common ground that in these cases of the candidates, they had passed their MBBS examination securing aggregate marks ranging from 63% to 43% in various disciplines. The main disciplines in which the admissions were sought by the candidates were-M.D. (obstetrician & Gynaecology), M.D. (Anaesthesia), M.S. (Orthopaedic Surgery), M.D. (Paediatrics), M.D. (Medicine) and M.D. (Tuberculosis) differing from candidate to candidate. The Government by its order dated 3.12.80, as mentioned above, chose the safest method to determine the merit and suitability for the candidates to be admitted to the M.D./M.S. courses on the basis that the admission should be made purely on merit as gleaned from the marks obtained by them in the total percentage of the MBBS examination. The Government order dated 3.12.80 may be extracted below because on this depends the entire fate of the admissions to be granted to the competing candidates:
308 "The Governor, considering it so necessary and keeping in view the recommendations of the Medical Council of India, is pleased to order that with effect from December 14, 1979 the following policy and procedure shall be followed with regard to the admission of candidate in the Post graduate course (Degree and Diploma) in the State Medical Colleges and the King Georges Medical Colleges, Lucknow.
(1) Admission shall be made only on the basis of merit.
(2) The basis of determining the merit shall be percentage of marks worked out after deducting one percent marks for each failure in every subject from the total percentage of marks obtained in the M.B.B.S. Examination. In case of a candidate who fails in a subject and is declared successful in second or subsequent attempt in that subject, the marks obtained by him for day-to-day performance in the first examination in that subject shall be added to his total marks while preparing the said index." The Order seems to us to be fully consistent with the tenor and spirit of the Rules framed by the Medical Council of India, which is a statutory body, whose Rules are binding on all the colleges and universities in the country providing for medical education. On an interpretation of the Government order the High Court was of the opinion that a Candidate passing MBBS examination in four subjects with a 3rd Division cannot be preferred to the one possessing the said degree in one subject only with a first division because that would decide the index of merit. The Government order was made under s. 28(5) of the U.P. State Universities Act, 1973 (U.P. Act No. X of 1973) (for short, hereinafter to be referred to as the 'Act'). The High Court also correctly found that merely because a candidate happens to obtain a Diploma after passing MBBS Examination in any subject he would not be entitled to weightage for otherwise the entire complexion of pure merit and suitability as intended by the Government order, which does not provide for any such weightage, would be set at naught.
This now brings us to the relevant provisions of the Rules framed by the Medical Council of India on the recommendations 309 of Post-graduate Medical Education which were adopted in February 1971, i.e. long before the present writ petitions were filed in the High Court. The relevant portions of the Rules may be extracted thus:
(1) For M.D./M.S. Degree in clinical subjects, there shall be proper training in basic medical sciences related to the disciplines concerned as well as paper in these subjects at the examination. In the case of M.D. & M.S. in basic medical sciences there should be training in applied aspects of the subject and a paper on the Subject.
(2) Thesis should be a part of the examination in the degree courses as this gives training in research methodology.
(3) The student teacher ratio should be such that the number of post-graduate teachers to the number of post-graduate students admitted per year be maintained at 1:1.
For the proper training of the post-graduate students, there should be a limit to the number of student admitted per year. For this purpose every unit should consist of at least 3 full time post-graduate teachers and can admit not more than 3 students for post-graduate training per year. If the number of post-graduate teachers in the unit is more than three then the number of students can be increased proportionately. For this purpose one student should associate with one post-graduate teacher.
"Where the number of post-graduate teachers is less than 3 per unit then the number of students should be reduced so as to keep the ratio to one student teacher per year." It would be seen that it was clearly mandated by the Medical Council that normally the ratio of student: teacher should be one teacher to 1 student per unit and in exceptional cases in a unit with one post-graduate qualification, a maximum of two students should be admitted per year. The Rules further lay down that in addition to the students admitted to M.D./M.S. courses, a maximum number of six students per year can be admitted to diploma courses in such departments where diploma courses are conducted. In case the number of recognised post-graduate teachers was more than three, 310 the number of students for admission to the diploma course may be increased on a ratio of two students per additional recognised post-graduate teacher per year subject to a maximum of 12 students admitted in the department. Then come the most important rules which determine the selection of post-graduates for degree and diploma courses. Rules 5 and 7 may be extracted thus:
"(5) The selection of post-graduates both for degree and diploma courses should be strictly on the basis of academic merit.
(7) Candidates pursuing degree or diploma courses should work in the concerned department of the Institution for the full period." Coming now to the criteria laid down by the Rules for selection of candidates, Paragraph (1) of rule (c) may be quoted below:
"They must subsequently have done one year's house man ship prior to admission to the post-graduate degree or diploma course. House man ship should preferably be for one year in the same subject, or at least six months in the same department and the remaining six months in an allied department. Provided that in departments like Radiology/Anesthesiology/Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation where suitable candidates who have done house man ship in the respective subject for the respective specialty are not available then the house man ship in Medicine and/ or in Surgery may be considered as sufficient." The above rule clearly provides that the candidates must have done one year's house man ship prior to admission to the post-graduate degree or diploma course preferably in the same subject, which has been technically called as 'discipline', or at least six months in the same department and the remaining six months in an allied department. It further lays down, that in order to determine the merit of a candidate for admission to post-graduate medical courses the following three factors must be taken into consideration:
(1) his performance at the MBBS examination, 311 (2) his performance during the course of internship and house man ship for which a daily assessment chart should be maintained, and (3) the report of the teacher which is submitted from time to time.
Alternatively, the authorities concerned may conduct competitive entrance examination to determine the merit of a candidate for admission to post-graduate medical courses.
The other methods covered by the Rules are not germane for the purpose of deciding these cases. As these Rules were adopted by the Medical Council of India they became rules made under s.33 of the Indian Medical Council Act of 1956 passed by the Government of India and, there-fore, had doubtless a statutory effect.
The candidates consist of students who had not been admitted to the medical courses and they have assailed the refusal of their admission as being violative of Art. 14 of the Constitution and to the statutory orders passed and rules framed by the Government from time to time. In some cases, the Government order referred to above has also been challenged as being arbitrary and outside the scope of Art.
Before dealing with the contentions of the parties on merit we might dispose of a few matters as a result of which some of the appeals do not survive at all. As observed above, the admission sought by the candidates were in the session of 1981-82 and by the time these cases came up for hearing by the High Court or this Court, the session has completely run out but as provisional admissions had been allowed either by the High Court or by this Court the candidates had completed their M.D./M.S. courses and in some cases only the results were to be declared. Realising the piquant situation that arose in view of the provisional admissions, the learned counsel for the State very fairly agreed to the declaration of the results of the following candidates:
1. Dr. Krishna Priya Ganguly (C.A. 133/82)
2. Dr. Gopal Krishan Goyal (C.A. 134/82)
3. Dr. Pramod Kumar Kohli (C.A. 137/82) 312
4. Dr. Pratap Singh (C.A. 138/82)
5. Dr. Kamal Mehra (C.A. No. 139/82)
6. Dr. R.S. Topwal (C.A. No. 140/82)
7. Dr. Hari Om Gupta (C.A. No. 3045/82)
8. Dr. R.C. Aggarwal (C.A. No. 3046/82)
9. Dr. Ved Prakash Gupta (C.A. No. 3047/82) The counsel for the State further agreed to passing an order that those candidates who were refused admission but granted provisional admissions under the orders of the Court may be deemed to be admitted to complete the course according to the provisions of the Rules. We might mention that this concession was made because the candidates concerned had secured pretty high percentage and since they had completed the course in the peculiar facts and circumstances of the case. As far as C.A. No. 3045/82 filed by the State against the decision of the High Court is concerned, the view taken by the High Court is unsustainable. The High Court could not have given a goby to the rules framed by Admission committee. It was a matter for decision of the academic body and since the academic body had applied the rules in a bona fide manner to all the students equally, there was no jurisdiction whatsoever on the part of the High Court to interfere with the internal working of an academic institution concerned with imparting higher education in the field of post-graduate course in medicine. The Rule prescribing that house man ship must be in the same subject is not inconsistent with the ordinance. It is supplementary to the ordinance and amplifies the same.
Hence there is no inconsistency and the High Court was therefore clearly wrong. However, as the counsel for the State has agreed to declare his result we do not pass any order for reversing the directive issued by the High Court as far as Dr. Hari Om Gupta is concerned though the High Court was wrong.
As regards C.A. No. 3047/82 which has been filed by the State, the view taken by the High Court is altogether untenable. The condition regarding putting in two years work in the department concerned could not have been dispensed with. The High Court should not have interfered with the decision of the academic body. The High Court cannot relax the rules or rewrite them. After the 313 declaration of his result, as agreed to by the counsel for the State, if he fails at this examination he will have to put in two years work in the department concerned before he is permitted to appear for the final examination next time.
So far as the above-mentioned appeals are concerned, it is not necessary for us to go to the merits or to give the reasons thereof in view of the fact that the candidates got what they wanted, on the basis of the concession made by the counsel for the State and accepted by this Court, as a result of which we passed orders for declaring the results of the candidates or directing them to complete the course.
We would however like to make it clear that after declaration of the results in case the candidates concerned in appeals do not pass or their thesis are not approved, they would have to do the full course all over again. This position was accepted by the candidates who conceded that in case they failed in the examination the logical consequences will follow. The candidates who were directed by this Court to be given admission may be listed below:
1. Dr. Aditya Kumar (C. A. No. 142/82)
2. Dr. Manoj Kumar (C. A. No. 143/82) The appeals that remain for consideration may now be taken up, viz., C.A.Nos. 144,145 and 595/82. We might mention here that out of the appeals filed by the State the appeal which has been seriously pressed before is that of Dr. V.N. Sinha (C. A. No. 595/82) and the State has invited us to give a final decision in the matter which involves a serious question of principle.
Coming-first to C.A. No. 144/82 filed by Dr. Rachna Saxena it appears that she had obtained an aggregate of 53.7% but the main obstacle in her way was that two candidates with a higher aggregate had been admitted and therefore her case did not merit any consideration. Even from amongst those who did not secure admission there ware four others who had secured higher marks than her viz., Dr. Ganguly (59.23)%, Dr. Agarwal (57.40%), Dr. Jain (56.9%) and Dr. Upadhyaya (55.33%). She could not therefore have secured admission in any event. She cannot therefore complain of discrimination. For these reasons, therefore, we affirm the decision of the High Court and dismiss C.A. 144/82 without any order as to costs.
314 C.A. No. 145/82 has been filed by Dr. V.K. Kohli. After going through the judgment of the High Court and hearing counsel for the parties we entirely agree with the view taken by the High Court which seems to us to be unexceptionable on merits and must be confirmed. The appeal is therefore dismissed without any order as to costs.
Coming now to C.A. No. 595/82 which has been filed by the State it seems to us after hearing counsel for the parties that the stand taken by the State is absolutely correct and for the reasons that we will give hereafter we find it impossible to support the judgment of the High Court.
To begin with, Dr. Vijay Narain Sinha who was being considered for admission to the M.S. course in Orthopaedic surgery had obtained only 43% marks in the aggregate and happened to be the last candidate in the list of persons who had applied for admission to the M.D./M.S. course. This important handicap relating to Dr. Sinha seems to have been completely glossed over by the High Court by saying that though he has not secured very high marks but he could be almost equal in all respects to the candidates who had been granted admission. This, however, was not so. The main argument of the High Court was that in determining the six admissions which were made in consonance with the prescribed instructions indicated that the ratio of admission should be with respect to the strength of the staff in the concerned department. The main complaint of the respondent (Dr.Sinha) was that while there were six teachers in the Department of Orthopaedic surgery, nine admissions were made in that particular session. The State had clearly explained that the usual number of candidates to be admitted was six and as a special case due to fortuitous circumstances an exception was made only in one session for good reasons which had been given by the State. Thereafter no such departure had been made in any other session. What the High Court completely over-looked was that even if nine students were admitted Dr.
Sinha could not have secured admission as he was on the very bottom of the list in view of the very low percentage secured by him. The stand taken by the State has not been refuted by the counsel for the respondent who submitted that since the State had agreed to declare the results of all the candidates the respondent may also be given the same facility. We are, however, unable to agree with this argument because to grant admission to a person who is appreciably below the required merit would be to play 315 with the lives of the people whom the candidate would have to treat after getting the M S. degree. The High Court seems to have relied mainly on the fact that in view of the increase in population and orthopaedic cases the college must have persons with special qualifications and as the respondent had a diploma that should be treated to be a special qualification. A mere diploma however cannot override the consideration regarding the merit as disclosed in the low aggregate obtained by him in the last MBBS examination. If the college authorities went by the pure test of merit, the diploma could not be a good substitute for admitting the lowest and the last candidate in the list.
The High Court could not devise its own criterion for admission. Since the academic body has made the marks obtained in MBBS examination the criterion, admission had to be made by such a criterion. The High Court could not have introduced its own notions in such an academic matter. The High Court was not competent to do so and had no jurisdiction to import its own ideology.
The High Court further observed that the respondent appears to be a very dedicated worker having acquired a diploma and would have proved an invaluable asset to the Institution. We do not see any proper material for this conclusion to which the High Court has suddenly jumped apart from the fact that admissions were not to be given by the High Court according to its own notions. Finally, in his own petition in the High Court, the respondent had merely prayed for a writ directing the State or the college to consider his case for admission yet the High Court went a step further and straightaway issued a writ of mandamus directing the college to admit him to the M.S. course and thus granted a relief to the respondent which he himself never prayed for and could not have prayed for. Such a gross discrimination made in the case of a person who had obtained lowest aggregate and lowest position seems to us to be extremely shocking. Although much could be said against the view taken by the High Court yet we would not like to say more than this that the High Court had made a very arbitrary, casual and laconic approach to the case and based its judgment purely on speculation and conjectures swept away by the consideration that Dr. Sinha possessed a diploma when in fact other candidates also had obtained diploma but that could not be taken into consideration, because the rules did not so provide.
316 For these reasons, therefore, we allow this appeal and set aside the judgment of the High Court issuing mandamus to the State to admit the respondent to the M.S. course. His writ petition in the High Court thus stands dismissed.
H.L.C.


I assume Stacey Abrams is a candidate for President, though she has not officially declared.
The point has recently been made that three southern candidates came with a very small margin of beating their unbeatable Republican opponents in the last election. One of them was white, two black, and the only real difference among them candidate-wise is that everyone is falling all over themselves to elevate the white guy to the status of High Candidate, while the two African American candidates have, at best, been suggested for a subservient role.
That got me thinking, "has Stacey Abrams written a book by any chance" and yes, she has! Lead from the Outside: How to Build Your Future and Make Real Change by Stacey Abrams.
Leadership is hard. Convincing others?and yourself?that you are capable of taking charge and achieving more requires insight and courage. Lead from the Outside is the handbook for outsiders, written with an eye toward the challenges that hinder women, people of color, the working class, members of the LGBTQ community, and millennials ready to make change. Stacey uses her hard-won insights to break down how ambition, fear, money, and failure function in leadership, and she includes practical exercises to help you realize your own ambition and hone your skills. Lead from the Outside discusses candidly what Stacey has learned over the course of her impressive career in politics, business and the nonprofit world: that differences in race, gender, and class provide vital strength, which we can employ to rise to the top and create real and lasting change.


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A pet cat has become the first animal in the UK to test positive for coronavirus
It's thought it caught the illness from its owner, who previously had Covid-19.
The pet's from England, with the test carried out in Weybridge.
The animal has since recovered, and the UK's Chief Veterinary Officer says there's no evidence it passed Covid-19 onto its owners.
Government advice is to wash your hands before and after contact with animals.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


So beautiful & delicate! (Just in time for spring in a couple of weeks)!
What a delectable little snack- I mean, FLOWER! *(purrs)…lovely!
These white Phalaenopsis are my favorite winter houseplants. So crisp and serene after all the color of the Holidays and the blooms last for weeks. Great shot. Thanks.
Beautiful! The Atlanta Botanical Garden has a great orchid exhibit going on right now.
Reblogged this on Publications diverses..
absolutely gorgeous! I have a few of these plants in my house..Love them! Your photo's are an inspiration. I write a blog http://www.layalilifestyle.com and I must say I'm new to photography but I love getting into each photo I take for each of my posts. Photo's can speak louder than words. Keep it up!
Reblogged this on adediranbisola's Blog.
Đơn giản nhưng ấn tượng.


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Q: Apache - Error 404 calling REST API /codeguard/users - PHP Laravel - CentOS 7 I'm trying to host 2 web sites using 1 IP,site uses laravel PHP routes, so i used Apache Alias approach and virtual hosts:
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# General setup for the virtual host, inherited from global configuration
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/"

Alias "/development" "/var/www/html/develop/public"

Alias "/staging" "/var/www/html/staging/public"

# Use separate log files for the SSL virtual host; note that LogLevel
# is not inherited from httpd.conf.
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/prod_ssl_error_log
TransferLog /var/log/httpd/prod_ssl_access_log
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SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/private/1.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/1.key

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:443  >

DocumentRoot "/var/www/html/staging/public"

ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/staging_ssl_error_log
TransferLog /var/log/httpd/staging_ssl_access_log
LogLevel warn

<Directory "/var/www/html/staging/public">
             DirectoryIndex index.php
             Options FollowSymLinks
             AllowOverride All
             Order allow,deny
             Allow from all
     </Directory>

 SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/private/1.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/1.key

</VirtualHost>

Both sites have public folder with index.php and .htaccess files
.htaccess
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
<IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
    Options -MultiViews -Indexes
</IfModule>

Options +FollowSymLinks

RewriteEngine On

# Handle Authorization Header
RewriteCond %{HTTP:Authorization} .
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]

# Redirect Trailing Slashes If Not A Folder...
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (.+)/$
RewriteRule ^ %1 [L,R=301]

# Handle Front Controller...
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteBase /~development
RewriteCond $1 !^index\.php/
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L]

When accessing https://server/development
and https://server/staging all works fine, i'm getting php page
but if trying https:/server/development/codeguard/users i'm getting error 404
and in log file
File does not exist: /var/www/html/develop/public/codeguard/users
codeguard/users indeed are not present but it works fine if i'm remove Alias directive
If i try https://server/development/index.php/codeguard/users/ then it works
But i have no any issues if assigning multiple IP's to Apache web server and binding these 2 addresses to each virtual host respectively - non-aliased url
I need to make https:/server/development/codeguard/users link works (without index.php)
I presume i need to edit .httacess file for both sites but have no clue what needs to be done.
Any help/hint is highly appreciated.
EDIT:
i make it work for first virtual host (development) by editing .htaccess file:
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
    <IfModule mod_negotiation.c>
        Options -MultiViews -Indexes
    </IfModule>

    Options +FollowSymLinks

    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteBase "/development/"

    # Handle Authorization Header
    RewriteCond %{HTTP:Authorization} .
    RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]

    # Redirect Trailing Slashes If Not A Folder...
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} (.+)/$
   # RewriteRule ^ %1 [L,R=301]

   RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [L,R=301]

    # Handle Front Controller...
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
    RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

    RewriteCond $1 !^index\.php/
    #RewriteRule ^(.*)$ index.php/$1 [L]

    RewriteRule ^ index.php [L]

</IfModule>

But using same congfiguration for second site ("/staging") fails with same error 404

A: Finally got it working, error was in /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf file,  i had 2 <Virtual Host *:443> directives and only one should be defined, otherwise .htaccess for "second" site is ignored
<VirtualHost *:443>

# General setup for the virtual host, inherited from global configuration
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

#ServerName www.example.com:443

# Use separate log files for the SSL virtual host; note that LogLevel
# is not inherited from httpd.conf.
ErrorLog logs/ssl_error_log
TransferLog logs/ssl_access_log
LogLevel debug

<Directory "/var/www/html/develop/public">
             DirectoryIndex index.php
             Options FollowSymLinks
             AllowOverride All
             Order allow,deny
             Allow from all
     </Directory>

Alias "/development" "/var/www/html/develop/public"

<Directory "/var/www/html/staging/public">
             DirectoryIndex index.php
             Options FollowSymLinks
             AllowOverride All
             Order allow,deny
             Allow from all
     </Directory>

Alias "/staging" "/var/www/html/staging/public"

</VirtualHost>

Then .htaccess for both sites started working

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
UPDATE 1-Taiwan says Thailand prioritising AstraZeneca shots for itself
(Adds officials' comments, no response from Moderna; paragraphs 11-15)
TAIPEI, June 11 (Reuters) - Thailand is prioritising for itself AstraZeneca Plc's COVID-19 vaccines produced in the southeast Asian nation because of the severity of the pandemic there, thus delaying deliveries to Taiwan, President Tsai Ing-wen said on Friday.
The island is battling a spike in domestic infections and just 3% of its 23.5 million people have received at least one vaccine dose, with millions of shots on order but yet to arrive.
"The problem is that the goods that were supposed to have arrived in June have not," Tsai told a Taiwan radio station.
Taiwan has ordered 10 million doses from AstraZeneca, which is mainly producing them in Thailand, she added.
"Now Thailand's epidemic situation is serious and they are giving priority for vaccines to be used in Thailand."
Thailand has reported 189,828 infections, with more than 80% of the new figures recorded since April.
Neither AstraZeneca nor Thai government officials immediately responded to requests for comment.
On Tuesday, Taiwan's Health Minister Chen Shih-chung had told lawmakers that production problems at AstraZeneca's Thai plant would delay supplies by a month.
Taiwan received 1.24 million AstraZeneca doses donated by Japan last week, and the United States has pledged 750,000 shots, but there are no details of the latter.
Tsai said the government had been having "emergency" talks with the United States and Japan to see what other vaccines they might be able to provide.
Tsai has come under pressure to do more to speed up vaccine deliveries, and speaking later on Tuesday expressed apologies for the infections and deaths.
"The government team will definitely make every effort to control the epidemic," she said in a broadcast from her office.
Chen told parliament that government-run research centre Academia Sinica had made good progress on mRNA technology and had contacted Moderna Inc about working with it on vaccines.
Moderna did not immediately respond to a request for comment.
Taiwan has received just 150,000 Moderna doses of more than 5 million on order.
Reporting by Yimou Lee and Ben Blanchard; Additional reporting by Chayut Setboonsarng in Bangkok; Editing by Lincoln Feast and Clarence Fernandez


Stock Market Tips is one of the most sought after business by intelligent fraudsters because of low investment & very high returns. My clients / Readers seek stock market tips from my end but believe me that no one can predict movement of stock market. In this regard, i like famous quote of Abraham Lincoln "You can fool all the people some of the time, and some of the people all the time, but you cannot fool all the people all the time" . The so called Stock Market Gurus are raking in the moolah from stock market tips. Trust me anyone can make big money from Stock Market Tips business. Its a risk free, low cost & high return business which we will discuss in this post. Besides Stock Market Experts, we also have so called Financial Planners who also don't know anything but they just flow with the tide. This class of Stock Market Tips provider become active when stock market is doing good & they simply vanish during Bear phase. I never suggest my readers to invest directly in stock market. Reason being Indian stock market is driven/controlled by FII's & large operators not by retail investors. I am closely monitoring stock market from last 10 years and i can bet that no one understand stock market. Its a fluke. Irony is that Retail Investor always enter the market when its time to exit. Stock Market Tips from self proclaimed Stock Market Guru's is like Business of Selling Dreams. Stock Market is a Zero Sum game i.e. Someone's Loss is Someone's gain. Normally market is timed by FII's and Large operators / Stock Brokers. Only handful seasoned Retail investors make money with the tide especially those who have superb timing i.e. they know when to enter and when to exit.
I would like to ask my readers, can you tell me core reason behind so many financial scams like chit funds or stock market scams. Answer is very simple Greed. Indian Investor want to make quick money and this greed attracts them towards Stock Market or dubious financial schemes which promise high returns. Lack of Financial Literacy is one of the main reason for unrealistic expectation of High Returns. This greed provides an opportunity to fly by night operators to leverage Stock Market Tips as a tool to make quick money. These operators promise assured returns but not may investors know that only Govt of India can provide guarantee of assured returns.
The modus operandi of this business is very simple. Stock market Tips provider is hand in gloves with employees of stock brokers or demat service providers. Recently, i did some transaction through my demat account after 3 years and after few days i received sms & then a call from one such Stock Market Tips provider. It means my demat provider shared rather sold my details to this operator. She was calling me from Ahmadabad and she promised me free stock market tips under base package. She also assured 30% returns on my investment in 3 months. When i asked her how her company will earn if they provide free Stock Market Tips to investors. She gave me classic answer that "She is being hired by SEBI to create awareness about Stock Market Investment and SEBI wants more and more people to make money through Free Stock Market Tips". Awesome, Isn't it. I was not aware of this social service from SEBI. But obvious, it was a fraudulent call.
After this call, i decided to dig deep into this business and understand nitty-gritty of this Stock market Tips business. After my research, What emerged was quite shocking. I never realized that it is so easy to fool so many people. Let say, i start my own business of Stock Market Tips. I will identify few stocks performed decently in recent past & most probably heavily traded stocks. Say for example, i identified Stock A, Stock B, Stock C, Stock D, Stock E and Stock F. I will tag these stocks as Multi Bagger. Now i will push an email or SMS to X no of people say 1 Lakh (Segmented base who invest in stock market. This data is easily available in market at nominal cost). For high value stock investor, tele-calling is best way to reach the customer. Anyways India is one of the largest contributor to spam communication in the world. Now the real game begins.
STEP 1: I will push stock market tip on Stock A to this 1 lakh base say Base X. Now trick lies here, 50k people (Base: X1) will receive a stock tip from my end that price of Stock A will drop in 7 days. Rest 50k (Base: X2) will receive a stock tip that price of Stock A will increase in next 7 days. Probability of both the events is 50:50 i.e. either Stock A will increase or decrease. Either ways, my prediction will be True for atleast half the base i.e. either base X1 or X2.
Assuming price of Stock A drop therefore my prediction was correct for base X1 of 50,000. I will remove base X2 from my radar and base X 1 will be target in Step 2. At any given time, i will target multiple bases simultaneously by following same strategy.
STEP 2: I will divide base X1 into 2 parts of 25k each say base Y1 and Y2. In 2nd step, i will push email / sms / tele-call that my 1st stock market tip related to stock A was correct. Base Y1 will receive 2nd tip on Stock B that Stock B will increase in next 7 days. Similarly base Y2 will receive contrary tip that Stock B will fall in next 7 days. Like Step 1, probability will be 50:50 and this time lets assume that price of Stock B increase. Now for base Y1 i.e. base of 25k, my stock market tips were correct for two consecutive times. I will exclude base Y2 as my prediction went wrong for this base. My target base for Step 3 will be Y1 base.
STEP 3: I will again divided Y1 base into 2 equal parts of 12.5k each i.e. Z1 and Z2. I will follow step 2 with tip on Stock C. I will not forget to mention in my communication that my earlier 2 stock market tips were bang on target for the base to be targeted in Step 3.
I will follow above mentioned STEPS three more times i.e. total 6 times, till i am left with a base of approx 1500. Now on this base of 1500, my stock market tips were CORRECT for 6 consecutive times. I will be treated as GOD by this base of 1500. For them, i am the WARREN BUFFETT of Indian Stock Market.
Now i will contact this base and tell them that your FREE trial is over. All my previous 6 stock market tips were correct. If they wish to continue receiving stock market tips from my end then they need to pay say Rs 20,000 for 1 year. Assuming, out of 1500 only 1/3rd are ready to pay. I will make cool 1 Cr Rs from this business of Stock Market Tips with minimum investment.
I hope, i was able to explain this trap of Stock market tips in simplistic manner. It is advisable to check the credentials of your financial advisor before committing any investment. Its your hard earned money and should be invested wisely. Realistic return of between 12%-15% per annum is practically possible. You might be tempted to invest in Stock market based on last 1 year's return but its like Sachin cannot score century in every inning. Annualized return from stock market over a period of 5 years is always in the range of 12%-15% only. It is not that difficult to generate such returns from other financial instruments without losing your sleep.
Hope you liked the post, please feel free to share your comments, feedback and query through following comments section. You can share this post with your friends and family members through following social media icons.
Copyright © Nitin Bhatia. All Rights Reserved.


Water For Food is a Royalties for Regions State Government program that we stand behind, so when we were asked to build their website, we were more than honoured!
Water for Food is a colossal State Government program that is delivering 11 projects throughout Western Australia with the goal of increasing irrigated agriculture across the State. To do this they needed a website that could match their vision and be used as an informational hub to farmers, organisers, media, government bodies and citizens alike, providing a wide range of information and updates, as well as clearly communicating the Water for Food mission.
Our development team implemented a number of bespoke built features that were not only optimised for tablet and mobile, but also allowed the user to easily navigate through the huge amount of information, and follow the incredible story Water for Food is creating. Adding a custom search filter allows all user types to easily search and find the information that matters to them the most. We were also able to add a Twitter feed that provides up-to-date posts from Twitter.
If you want to find out more about their mission then explore Water for Foods site and see for yourself, just what a well built website looks like.


Personalised Story Book - Where's My Monster?
With every turn of the page, you will discover a new vibrant colour, reveal a new adorable character and get one step closer to finding where your own little monster is hiding. The big reveal at the end, which is a glimpse of themselves in the baby safe mirror on the last page, will sure leave both you and bubs in a fit of giggles.
Impressively this multi-developmental personalised book captures all the magic of peek-a-boo; where colours are learnt with the assistance of some adorable little monsters and where self-recognition is discovered with an element of surprise.
"Where's my monster?" is the first book written and illustrated by Australian designer Fleur Harris, who was inspired to create a story bursting with colour and bold design to share with her young son, Bails. To all the little artists out there, this book is a great way to introduce colour and self discovery.
This multi-developmental personalised book captures all the magic of peek-a-boo; where colours are learnt with the assistance of some adorable little monsters and where self-recognition is discovered with an element of surprise.
Created and inspired out of love, "Where's My Monster?" is the first book written and illustrated by local Australian artist, Fleur Harris; who was inspired to create a story that she could share with her young son, Bails.
Suitable for children aged 2-4.
36 Pages Of Inspiring Fun.


text:
L'Enfer est une pièce de théâtre de Gabor Rassov représentée pour la première fois au Théâtre de l'Union à Limoges en mars 2008.

Ce spectacle musical offre un voyage dans l'univers infernal de Dante et propose une réponse (très libre et délirante) à la question : qui peuple aujourd'hui l'enfer ?

Fiche technique

 Pièce de : Gabor Rassov
 Montée par : Pierre Pradinas
 Musique : Christophe Minck et Dom Farkas
 Costumes : Danik Hernandez
 Lumières : Orazio Trotta
 Décors : Jacques Rouxel

Distribution

Acteurs
David Ayala, Ardag Basmadjian, Romane Bohringer, Thierry Gimenez, Stéphane Godefroy, Danik Hernandez, Nathalie Loriot, Joan Mompart, Gabor Rassov.

Musiciens
Jean-Fi Dary et Christophe Minck.

Prix, nominations
 Molières 2008 : nomination au Molière du spectacle musical

Voir aussi
 L'Enfer (Divine Comédie) de Dante Alighieri.

Lien externe
 Fiche du spectacle sur le site du Printemps des Comédiens

Pièce de théâtre française
Pièce de théâtre de 2008
Comédie (théâtre)
Œuvre littéraire inspirée par la Divine Comédie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Sanja Grohar Kovič, slovenska blogerka ter nekdanja pevka, televizijska voditeljica in fotomodelka, * 7. februar 1984, Kranj

Leta 2005 je kot študentka iz Kranja osvojila naslov Miss Slovenije 2005. Leta 2006 se je slekla za slovensko izdajo revije Playboy, leto kasneje je postala playmate oz. dekle leta.

Vodila je oddaji TV Tuba na Kanalu A in Zvezde silvestrske noči 2008 na GTV.

Zgodnja leta
Rodila se je Valentinu in Vuki. Ima še sestro Tijano.

Kariera

Petje
Leta 2006 je s pesmijo Boljša sem od nje nastopila na festivalu Melodije morja in sonca, a se ni prebila v finale.

Za njeno kariero je skrbela agencijo Lendero&Co pod okriljem podjetja Lendero d.o.o., ki je v lasti Saše Lendero, Mihe Hercoga in Sabine Hribernik.

Leta 2008 je izdala videospot Ko sneži. Istega leta je izdala pesem Črni dež, za katerega je v Makedoniji posnela videospot.

Spor z revijo Playboy
Z Nino Osenar sta leta 2008 tožili izdajatelja slovenskega Playboya, ker naj bi njune fotografije v lezbičnih pozah objavil proti njuni volji. Groharjeva je od tožbe odstopila.

Zasebno
Z možem in sinom je nekaj let živela v Londonu.

Visoka je 167 centimetrov.

Singli
Moje sanje (2006)
Varaj me, varaj (2007)
Ko sneži (2007)
Nisem ista (2007)
Greh v pesku (2008)
Črni dež (2008)
Maska (2009)
The One (2009)
Poletna noč (2009)
Ogenj (2010)

Glej tudi

 Miss Slovenije 2005

Sklici

Živeči ljudje
Slovenski pevci zabavne glasbe
Slovenski fotomodeli
Slovenski televizijski voditelji
Kranjčani
Zmagovalke Miss Slovenije


text:
Ministry of Agriculture says low-pressure system poses potential threats to Belize's agriculture sector, advises farmers in flood-prone areas to safeguard families, livelihoods
Belizean Joas Mejia wins silver in the triple jump at U-20 Central American Athletics Championships in Nicaragua
Belizean Mia Sylvester sets new shot put record at U-20 Central American Athletics Championships in Nicaragua; wins second gold
Published by BBNTEAM at June 17, 2022
Posted: Friday, June 17, 2022. 6:18 pm CST.
Photo Credit: Belize Athletics Association
By Rubén Morales Iglesias: Mia Sylvester hurled the shot put 13.75 meters, setting a new Central American record at the U-20 Central American Athletics Championships in Managua, Nicaragua, on Friday afternoon.
Earlier in the day, Sylvester captured gold in the discus with a throw of 40.85 meters which was 4.61 meters farther than her closest competitor Guatemalan Karla Núñez. She beat third-place finisher, Nerea Prieto of Honduras, by 13.56 meters.
In the record-setting shot put event, Sylvester bested Núñez (10.28m) by 3.47 meters and Prieto (9.13m) by 4.62 meters.
Sylvester made her record throw in her fourth attempt of six. Even her first and shortest throw of 11.17m would have gained her the gold medal.
Belize got another gold medal on Friday through the efforts of Kirk Elrington in the U-18 Central American Athletics Championships' triple jump. Elrington jumped 13.76 meters, winning over Honduras' Jesus Torres by 0.20 m and El Salvador's Jorge Montano by 0.21 meters.
Eleven Belizean athletes are competing in the XXIX U-18 and XXIV U-20 Central American Athletics Championships in Managua. The games conclude on Sunday.


The Alvin White Wire Bin Roll File is a functional and mobile storage rack designed to accommodate large documents such as maps, blueprints, posters, and many others. A convenient way of storing rolled files in various sizes, it features four 8"W x 8"L tube slots in two different heights. It also comes with a custom-fitted bottom dust protector to keep files clean. With its four swivel casters, it provides total mobility.
The Alvin White Wire Bin Roll File measures 17"W x 17"L x 30"H. It is made of white plastic-coated heavy gauge steel rods to ensure durability and long-lasting performance. This heavy-duty organizer weighs ten pounds and requires simple assembly.


text:
Provincial Candidates Support Goal of Full Protection for Wolf Lake Old Growth Forest
June 10, 2014 Rob Nelson
North Bay and Sudbury, June 10, 2014 – The Wolf Lake Coalition is pleased with the responses to its outreach to candidates in the upcoming provincial election. The Coalition of 30 businesses and organizations asked candidates in Nickel Belt, Sudbury and Timiskaming-Cochrane whether they and their party would support full protection for the Wolf Lake Forest – the largest remaining stand of old growth pine left anywhere in the world. Three in-person meetings with four (3 NDP, 1 Liberal) prominent candidates provided opportunities to further explore their awareness of Wolf Lake and commitment to protect it.
France Gélinas (NDP, Nickel Belt), Joe Cimino (NDP, Sudbury), and Casey Lalonde (Green, Sudbury) indicated their support for working with all stakeholders, as well as others in government, to move forward on solutions to protect Wolf Lake. In addition, Sébastien Goyer (Liberal, Timiskaming-Cochrane), and John Vanthof (NDP, Timiskaming-Cochrane) committed to on going discussions within caucus and with all stakeholders.
No responses were received from party leaders indicating some more work needs to be done to ensure supportive local MPPs will have the backing of their party to move forward in a timely manner.
Wolf Lake forest, located in Greater Sudbury, is part of the Temagami region renowned for its forests, lakes, wildlife and diverse recreational and ecotourism opportunities. Though slated to become part of a network of protected areas, mineral claims and leases have blocked the transfer of the lands into the park system. Unfortunately, the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines has failed to seize past opportunities to let the claims and leases expire, as promised.
"The time is now to protect this unique old growth forest," declared Naomi Grant, member of the Wolf Lake Coalition.
For more information on Wolf Lake, and the Wolf Lake Coalition, see: https://savewolflake.org/
Save Wolf Lake: A Year in Review, and What's New
The Unfolding Story of Wolf Lake: a collaborative journey
New Member, New Project, Same Cause
Copyright Friends of Temagami 2021.
Site built by Deep Ocean Media.
Continue to support work like this.


text:
Luis De Jesus Los Angeles opens pair of exhibitions
"Love" (2007) by Miyoshi Barosh will be one of the artist's many works on display at Luis De Jesus Los Angeles starting Jan. 11. (photo courtesy of Luis De Jesus Los Angeles)
Luis De Jesus Los Angeles announced the opening of two new galleries, "The Earth is a Brush" and "Love," on Saturday, Jan. 11.
Margie Livingston's "The Earth is a Brush," the artist's fourth solo exhibition with the gallery, will be on view through Feb. 15.
In a hybrid form of action painting, performance and land art, Livingston drags constructed paintings across terrain, inscribing the canvases with the ground. The grouping titled "Dragging Self Doubt" resulted from an experimental, interactive performance that Livingston produced the Seattle Art Museum's annual "Party in the Park."
An opening reception for Livingston's exhibition will be held from 6 to 8 p.m. on Saturday, Jan. 11.
Miyoshi Barosh's "Love," the late artist's third solo show with the gallery, will also be on view through Feb. 15. Her work combines humor and dystopian irony in a style she dubbed "conceptual pop."
Works of Barosh on display include her seminal tapestry "Love" (2007), paintings from her "Portraits for the Home" series (2011), as well as studies on paper.
An opening reception for Barosh's exhibition will be held from 5 to 8 p.m. on Saturday, Jan. 11.
Regular gallery hours are Tuesday through Saturday, 11 a.m. to 6 p.m., and by appointment.
Luis De Jesus Los Angeles is located at 2685 S. La Cienega Blvd. For information, call (310)838-6000, or visit luisdejesus.com.
LADOT marks milestones in 2019
BAFTA hosts annual Tea Party
Getty acquires images that explore history of racial injustice September 9, 2021
Two new exhibits come to Luis De Jesus March 4, 2021
ICT starts with Tony-winning 'Art' February 18, 2021
'Eternal Witness' opens Jan. 9 January 7, 2021
Teen artist hosts drive-thru art show August 13, 2020
IAMA celebrates young storytellers July 23, 2020
Art gallery presents digital exhibition of new paintings July 9, 2020
VINTAGE: WeHo was on front lines in fight for marriage equality June 25, 2020
IAMA and ScreenCraft host writing contest June 18, 2020


text:
Bernardo (m. 1248) fue un eclesiástico castellano, que ocupó el cargo de obispo de Segovia entre 1224 y 1248.

Biografía
Fue elegido para ocupar la silla episcopal el 10 de octubre de 1224, y su elección fue controvertida. Tuvo lugar tras pasar varios administradores por la diócesis a consecuencia de la destitución del obispo don Gerardo. No fue por elección universal, y sus oponentes elevaron su disconformidad a Roma; el pontífice Honorio III lo validó en el cargo mediante una bula de 16 de enero (o marzo) de 1227. Además, Gregorio IX le concedió gracia para dispensar en relación con las irregularidades que hubiesen surgido hasta la posesión de su cargo.

Durante su gobierno en la diócesis llegó a España como legado papal el francés Juan de Abbeville, cardenal-obispo de Sabina. Fue nombrado el obispo Bernardo, junto con otros obispos y arzobispos, para participar en el concilio de Tarazona, en el que se puso en práctica la separación matrimonial de Jaime I de Aragón y Leonor de Castilla, dispuesta por el papa en razón de la consanguinidad de los contrayentes, celebrado en abril de 1228. Meses más tarde visitó el legado papal la ciudad, y el cabildo catedralicio le rogó que consagrara la entonces catedral de Santa María teniendo lugar la ceremonia el 16 de julio de 1228, en la que además concedió al cabildo diversas indulgencias, ampliadas mediante una bula pocos días después, estando en Ávila.

La historiografía popular sostiene que sucedió en tiempos del obispo don Bernardo la leyenda entre la judía Esther y la Virgen de la Fuencisla, y que fue el propio obispo quien la tomó el bautismo con el nombre cristiano de María del Salto, que fallecida en 1237 fue enterrada en el claustro de la primitiva catedral. Analizando la leyenda, el historiador Diego de Colmenares desmiente que fuese el obispo el autor del bautismo, pues los personajes que se entremezclan no se juntaron en la ciudad en el espacio temporal que se pretende: se alude a Juan de Brienne, rey de Jerusalén como padrino del bautismo, y únicamente estuvo en España en 1224, mientras que el obispo Bernardo entró en su cargo en 1227.

Falleció el obispo don Bernardo en el año 1248, ocupando su cargo en la diócesis.

Referencias

Obispos de Segovia
Obispos de España del siglo XIII


text:
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The Best Games We Played 2017: A Hat In Time | Broken Joysticks
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The Best Games We Played 2017: A Hat In Time
Broken Joysticks No comments A Hat In Time, Mac OS, OSX, PC, PS4, The Best Games We Played, The Best Games We Played 2017, Xbox One
Contributor Victoria Rose shares her thoughts on the best game she played this year – A Hat In Time. Over the next week, into early 2017, our editors will be sharing their picks for the best game they played this year. They'll also be sharing some of their choices for runner-up. "The Best Games We Played 2017" is a reflection of the year that was in interactive entertainment for our editors and contributors. To be eligible for mention in TBGWP 2017 a title need not be released this year, our editors and contributors simply must have played it.
2017 was the year in which we all desperately needed a break that we never got. Something to take our minds off of the awfulness of the world around us and remind us what in life makes us happy. A Hat in Time is the closest thing that I got to that break in 2017, but even it couldn't escape getting marred by scandal. On its own merits, A Hat in Time is a joyous, adorable, expertly-designed 3D platforming treasure that has been polished to a mirror shine, and a game which can confidently stand alongside titans of its genre. I honestly cannot remember the last time I had this much fun with a platformer. Each of the game's worlds is fleshed out with vibrant, memorable characters and unique level designs. The locomotion controls are more logical and approachable than that of its contemporary Super Mario Odyssey while offering just as much depth to its platforming. The latter may be a more professionally-made game with far more content and development talent, but it simply cannot match the care put into each level and world of A Hat in Time. I adore every moment of this game, and we are richer for its existence.
However, it would not be 2017 without a bad apple spoiling even the sweetest of bunches. It is not responsible nor ethical to discuss A Hat in Time without condemning the actions of project lead Jonas Kaerlav. Stealing artists' work while creating whole websites to defame and silence them, firing members of the team for petty and personal reasons, and refusing to remove vocal white supremacist Jon Jafari as a voice actor in the game, even after Playtonic Games did the right thing and removed him from their own game's voice actor lineup. This man has a rap sheet a mile long, and it is impossible not to bring up when discussing the game. The fact that A Hat in Time is one of the best platformers of all time with level and input design unmatched amongst its peers does not matter when those same designer associates with Nazi sympathizers and refuses to pay artists. Real lives are affected here, and it is irresponsible to ignore that. And that is a damn shame because A Hat in Time truly is a masterpiece. It's undoubtedly my favorite game of the year, and I want to play through the game a dozen more times right away. I want to cosplay Hat Kid. I want to draw fanart. I want to design my own games inspired by this. I WANT to love this game. But sometimes life is more complicated than that. Sometimes you have to accept that even the things you love bear a tragic hamartia. Sometimes, life can just be one nasty, foul 2017.
About Broken Joysticks


My Top 5 TRX Ab Exercises - Beth Trueman.
My Top 5 TRX Exercises to sculpt and tighten your core.
The TRX is an underestimated piece of equipment that most people don't even think to use. When in actual fact it's a fabulous bit of kit that is simple and easy to use, can be utilised almost anywhere and can be used for a full body workout!
There are many different brands of suspension trainer, TRX being the first and most popular. It was founded in the Navy Seals by Randy Hetrick who came up with the idea whilst looking for an effective way to workout whilst on deployment.
The one thing that I like the most about the suspension trainer is how your core is engaged throughout. It requires your core to always be acting as a stabilizer. Therefore even when you're working a completely different body part, your also engaging and strengthening your core.
We all know how repetitive and boring our abdominal routines can fall into if we don't spice it up and add some variety into them. The TRX is brilliant to add some variation into your workouts and a brilliant way to quickly blast your whole core.
Set up: Firstly lower the straps so they are closer to the floor so you can be in a neutral position. Aim to suspend the handles at around mid calve height. You can perform the exercises resting on your palms or your forearms and depending on this you will need to adjust the height of the straps.
Once the straps are in place and both at a even height you can begin by putting your feet into the handles. Look at putting your laces onto the handles, which will secure your feet and stop them from slipping out. The most graceful way to do this is to sit on your knees and lean forward, putting your foot in the handles one at a time.
From here, work into a plank position – this is the first exercises and also the basis for all the other exercises. Ensure your bum is comfortable and neutral, if not slightly higher than usual to take any strain off your lower back.
Keep all your body tight – whilst concentrating on engaging your core at all times. It may feel weird at first as your legs can swing but focus on stabilizing yourself throughout the movements. Ensure you complete the movements slowly and in a controlled manner to avoid momentum to help with the completion of the movement.
Hold the plank position either on forearms or palms whilst engaging and squeezing your core. Focus on making sure your abdominal muscles are tight and the line of your body is neutral throughout. Avoid dipping your bum!
Start in the plank position again but this time contract your abdominals, pull through your lower abdominals to crunch in your legs. Hold that contraction and then slowly return the legs back to the plank position. Repeat for the allotted time. Ensuring you stop at the top and bottom of the exercises to eliminate momentum taking over from the muscle contraction.
TRX pikes are one of my favorite exercises because they help build a strong core by challenging your stability along with your abdominal muscles.
Start in the plank position again, ensuring your palms are directly underneath your shoulders. Press down through your palms and focus on lifting your hips upwards whilst bringing your legs towards your chest. You are aiming to look like an upside down V shape – or just until as high as you can manage. Always execute as a slow and controlled movement, remembering to engage your core throughout. Pause at the top – keeping tight, then slowly lower you legs back down to the starting position. Repeat.
Mountain climbers may look easy but the movement of your legs in the straps can cause you to lose balance, as your legs will naturally want to swing. It is therefore important that you concentrate on keeping tight and stable throughout.
Start in the plank position – contract your abdominals, pull through your lower abdominals to crunch in your leg one at a time. Hold that contraction and then slowly return the leg back to the plank position whilst bringing the alternate leg through the same process. Repeat.
Start in the plank position. Engage your core, pull through the lower abdominals and crunch your knees into your body whilst driving towards your elbows. Control the movement and return back to the neutral plank position. Then repeat the movement pattern to the other side of the body, aiming for the alternate elbow. If you wish to make the exercise more challenging – focus on performing the oblique crunches for the allotted time to only one side, and then repeat on the other side. This will eliminate the chance of momentum aiding with the movement and ensure your core is working optimally throughout.
Complete all these exercises for 30 seconds to 1 minute per exercise depending upon your ability and then repeat the circuit for a total of 10 minutes.


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Victoria Moroles (born September 4, 1996) is an American actress. She played Andie on the Disney Channel show Liv and Maddie. She has also played Hayden Romero on MTV's Teen Wolf in seasons 5 and 6 (2015–2017). She also starred in the Hulu comedy Plan B, directed by Natalie Morales.

Early life
Moroles was born in Corpus Christi, Texas, and raised in Rockport, Texas, off the Gulf of Mexico. At a young age she was always recruiting friends and family to act out her shows in her living room. She studied dance and participated in theater growing up.

Career
Moroles left Texas during her middle school years to follow her dreams in Los Angeles.

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
American child actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from Texas
21st-century American actresses
People from Corpus Christi, Texas


This short-sleeve t-shirt has a lovely sentiment for all of the big bros who guide the path for the little ones who follow. Soft hand feel to this tee. Crewneck. Printed neck label so there is no tag to irritate his skin.


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CLC World of Work
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Introduction / who is collecting your personal data?
When you apply for a job at CLC World, CLC World will collect and use personal data about you during the recruiting and any hiring process. As described in this Privacy Statement, your personal data may be retained and used by CLC World for the purpose of considering your qualifications for employment, as required by law, or as otherwise described below. Please see below for information that CLC World may receive about you from third parties.
"CLC World" means the specific CLC World affiliates, subsidiaries, and contracted service providers who will collect, use, and maintain your personal data in connection with your application for employment, our Recruiting, and any hiring process if you are extended an offer of employment.
What Personal Data will CLC World collect?
The types of information requested from you and the manner in which that information is collected and accessed are determined by the requirements of the country in which the position is located, and not the country in which you reside. While, specific data requirements vary by country and the position being filled, the following categories of data will generally be collected by CLC World:
Data you submit in résumés / CVs, letters, writing samples, or other written materials;
Data generated by interviewers and recruiters, based on their interactions with you or basic Internet searches;
Data provided by third-party placement firms, recruiters, or job-search websites, where applicable;
Recommendations provided on your behalf by others;
Data about your prior employment, education, and where applicable, credit history, criminal records or other data revealed during background screenings;
Data about your health or disability where it is relevant to your ability or availability to work or to a workplace accommodation, subject to legal limits on the timing of collection of such data and other applicable limitations.
Data about race / ethnicity / religion / disability / gender and self-identified LGBT status, for purposes of government reporting where required, as well as to understand the diversity characteristics of the CLC World workforce.
Your submission of personal data constitutes your consent to our use of your data and your verification that it is accurate.
By submitting your information, you acknowledge that you have read and understood the foregoing and consent to the uses of your information as set out above. You are not required to provide any requested information to CLC World, but failing to do so may result in not being able to continue your candidacy for the job for which you have applied.
By submitting your information, you acknowledge that all representations made by you are true and correct to the best of your knowledge and belief, and you have not knowingly omitted any related information of an adverse nature. Providing any inaccurate information may make you ineligible for employment.
What will CLC World do with your personal data?
CLC World will use your personal data to:
Assess your suitability for employment for the role for which you are applying, as well as future roles that may become available;
Perform administrative functions (e.g. reimburse you for interview-related expenses);
Perform analysis of our applicant pool in order to better understand who is applying to positions at CLC World and how to attract top talent;
In some cases, record your online interview for review by additional recruiters and hiring managers. In such cases, we will seek your express consent to be recorded;
Perform any legally-required reporting, and respond to legal process.
From what sources will CLC World obtain your personal data?
CLC World may obtain data about you from the following sources:
From you, when you submit resumes or other information online;
From conversations with recruiters and interviews with hiring managers and other CLC World personnel or representatives, some of which may be recorded (with your express knowledge and consent) as well as from Internet searches that these individuals may perform, or data that they may obtain from job search or professional networking websites (e.g. monster.com, LinkedIn, etc.) where you may have made data about yourself publicly available;
From third-party recruiters, staffing companies, or websites where you are introduced to CLC World through one. CLC World does not accept unsolicited resumes from 3rd party recruitment agencies, but does sometimes use such agencies subject to a written agreement. Any resume or other candidate information submitted outside of established candidate submission guidelines (including through the Careers website or via email to any CLC World employee) and without a written agreement or otherwise will be deemed to be provided for CLC World's use, and no fee will be paid should the candidate be hired by CLC World; and
From background checks, as applicable. Where permitted by law, CLC World may contract with a third party to perform a pre-employment background screening. The content of background check information varies by country to comply with local requirements, but may include information gathered from publicly available sources, your former employers or colleagues, schools you have attended, credit reporting agencies, and criminal records databases. These types of information will only be collected with your prior consent, and you will receive more information about the nature of such a background check before it begins. Where required by applicable local law, you may be asked to provide certain background check information, (which may include sensitive data) directly to CLC World.
Who will have access to your personal data? Where are they located?
In general, access to your personal data will be restricted to minimise the number of people in CLC World's global organisation who need it in order evaluate your application for employment, perform functions supporting our Recruiting functions, or to whom we are compelled to provide it by applicable law.
Where your personal data is transferred to a country other than the one in which you reside, be advised that such countries may not have the same legal protections for personal data as your home country. CLC World will, however, follow its internal global privacy policy in such cases.
The following categories of individuals will have access to your personal data:
Recruiters working with the country where the position you are applying for is based. Such individuals may be based in a different country;
Hiring managers and other interviewers. Often these individuals will be based in the country where the position is based, but in some cases they may be located in other countries;
Individuals performing administrative and IT support functions;
Authorised personnel at our service providers, including:
Companies contracted to perform background screenings, where applicable. These companies may be based in another country, and may obtain data from other countries where you have lived, worked or studied, as may be relevant as part of a background check. You will receive more information about any such check before it begins;
Government officials where legal reporting requirements may exist, or law enforcement agencies or private litigants in response to valid law enforcement process (warrant, subpoena, or court order); and
A successor to CLC World in the event that it sells or divests all or part of its business.
How long will CLC World retain my personal data?
If you are given and accept an offer of employment by CLC World, personal data collected during your pre-employment period will become part of your CLC World personnel records, to be retained throughout and for a period after your employment with CLC World (specific periods vary by country). If CLC World does not employ you, CLC World may nevertheless continue to retain and use personal data collected during the recruitment process for a period of no more than 6 months in order to consider you for new positions during that period.
How CLC World protects your personal data.
CLC World employs organisational, technical, and physical security measures in order to protect your data from loss or misuse. Where we contract with third-party suppliers to provide services that may enable them to access your personal data we require them by contract to have similar security controls in place.
"To deliver memorable holiday experiences serviced to standards that consistently exceed customer expectations."
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News, Business
Feds, AFN agree on implementation process for moving child welfare to First Nations control
EFN Staff | July 11, 2020
The Federal government and the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) have formalized an agreement to create the structure needed to implement Bill C-92, which affirms First Nations jurisdiction over child and family services and is meant to reduce the number of First Nations children in foster care.
"First Nations children deserve to grow up in a home that is full of love, culturally relevant, and has the resources to ensure success in life," said AFN National Chief Perry Bellegarde.
The legislation, which was introduced February 28, 2019 and came into force on January 1, 2020, also recognizes, for the first time in Canadian history, the precedence of First Nations laws over federal and provincial legislation, according to a government news release.
The Ministry of Indigenous Services and the Assembly of First Nations (AFN) signed an agreement July 7 to implement the legislation.
"Just as the Act was co-developed with partners, the signing of this Protocol with the Assembly of First Nations will help ensure that discussions surrounding its implementation happen in a way that works for First Nations, and the children of their community," Minister of Indigenous Services Marc Miller said in a media release.
"By formalizing discussions on the Act's implementation, we are working together to reduce the number of Indigenous children in care."
Bill C-92 is an act to respect the inherent right of First Nations to self-govern while affirming their jurisdiction in matters of child and family services.
The two organizations have also agreed to meet regularly and to establish a national policy through creation of a Joint National Working Group. Tools and mechanisms at the federal level will be developed to support the implementation of the Act.
< Back to EFN Business


2019 is the time for a new home! Awesome new construction coming in Beecher Acres that is almost 2000 sq ft that is semi-custom waiting for your personal touches, if under contract before selections have been ordered. This home is going to feature 3 HUGE BEDS, vaulted ceilings, tons of storage, granite in kitchen, wood cabinetry with soft close feature nice hardwood vinyl look flooring, carpets in all bedrooms, and so so much more. Inquire today about building this home to suit your desires!


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Los Angeles woman faces federal charge after allegedly punching another passenger on Delta flight
The incident occurred after the female passenger found the aisle from one of the bathrooms to her seat blocked by a beverage cart. The woman exchanged words with a male passenger, then hit him in the head with a closed fist, according to an unsealed criminal complaint obtained by CNN.
The man told an FBI investigator the woman then spit on his face and head area, the court document says.
Patricia Cornwall, 51, made her initial appearance Monday afternoon in federal court in Atlanta. She is accused of "assault by striking, beating, or wounding R.S.M. in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States," the complaint says.
She was not required to, and did not submit, a plea in court during the initial appearance.
If found guilty of the class A misdemeanor, Cornwall could face up to one year in prison and up to a $100,000 fine.
CNN has reached out to the US Attorney's office and Cornwall's attorney, Millie Dunn, for comment but did not immediately receive a response.
Complaint says man described verbal and physical altercations
The criminal complaint says the FBI task force officer interviewed the male passenger by phone and later watched a cellphone video of the incident.
"It corroborates the information that R.S.M. provided. Additionally, the video shows CORNWALL striking R.S.M. in the face," Rudyard Jarrard, a FBI task force officer based in Atlanta, says in the complaint.
The man said Cornwall was returning from a restroom at the back of Delta Flight 2790 but a flight attendant conducting beverage service blocked the aisle, according to the complaint.
When Cornwall asked the flight attendant to help her find her seat, the flight attendant requested that she find an open seat until beverage service was complete, the complaint says.
"(Cornwall) responded to the flight attendant, 'What am I Rosa Parks?'" the complaint says.
The male passenger said he "told Cornwall it was an inappropriate comment and that she 'isn't black….this isn't Alabama and this isn't a bus,' " according to the complaint.
The man then purportedly told Cornwall to "sit down Karen," according to the complaint.
The court document says a verbal back and forth ensued, before Cornwall allegedly hit R.S.M. and caused a visible head injury.
Social media video appears to match description of what happened
A video shot on board a plane and posted by "ATL Uncensored" on its social media pages appears to match the description of the incident in the complaint.
In that video, a woman whose mask is below her chin is seen standing in the aisle of a plane yelling at a man to put his mask on. The man responds saying he is eating and doesn't have to, and uses a sexist slur against her. The woman in that video is then seen hitting and spitting on the man.
The Atlanta Police and the FBI declined to confirm that Cornwall is the woman seen in the video, or that it is video of the same incident.
The video referred to in the complaint was taken by an unspecified passenger.
Woman will be allowed to fly home
In court, federal Magistrate Judge Christopher Bly set Cornwall's bond at $20,000 and after an extensive discussion with her attorney, permitted her to return to her home in Los Angeles by plane, if she follows requirements laid out by the judge.
Cornwall won't be flying on Delta though; her attorney confirmed in court proceedings that Delta placed her on a no-fly list.
The judge also mandated that aside from her flight home, Cornwall is not allowed to travel by any interstate commercial carrier — plane, bus or train — while out on bail.
Delta spokesperson Grant Myatt confirmed to CNN that Flight 2790 was "met by law enforcement after an unruly customer disturbance during flight."
"Situations like these are rare for the vast majority of our customers and Delta has zero tolerance for unruly behavior at our airports and aboard our aircraft," Myatt told CNN.
The Atlanta Police Department said in a news release officers met the flight at the airport gate and took Cornwall into custody.
Cornwall's attorney confirmed in court that she had been in jail since December 23.
source: cnn.com
Niue: World's first country to receive Dark Sky designation
(CNN) — The tiny Pacific island of Niue may just be the best place on Earth for stargazing. Niue, a Polynesian island […]
New Zealand's most famous tree, 'That Wanaka Tree,' vandalized
(CNN) — New Zealand's most famous tree has been the victim of bad visitor behavior. A willow tree at the southern tip […]
Newly colourised images show Britain's railway gearing up for nationalisation nearly 75 years ago
Fascinating newly colourised images capture scenes in and around Britain's railways as the system was nationalised almost 75 years ago – and […]
EasyJet & Airbus commit to joint hybrid & electric aircraft research
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Novak Djokovic loses deportation appeal, won't play in Australian Open
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Use the filter to get an overview of all available trainings per brand.
Contec is an Authorized Trainings Center in the Benelux for a variety of Sophos solutions.
To provide our partners with the required software knowledge and skills, Contec offers technical trainings. These are given by our own certified consultants who, based on their experience, employ a hands-on approach.
The scheduled trainings are all given in Dutch. On demand, and only if there are enough attendees, we can plan an English version in Belgium or in Luxembourg.


text:
#include "../cpu/cpuid.h"
#include "command.h"

int showCPUinfo(){
	detect_cpu();
	return 1;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub