Many parents will slather their kids with sunscreen before a day at the beach, and they will douse them in bug spray before a hike in the woods. Some will oversee the brushing and flossing process carefully each night with a constant reminder to prevent cavities and some will triple-check the harness on a car seat before each ride. Parents run to pull toddlers off of staircases, inspect food carefully for allergens, and ensure the switchplates in their homes have protective covers to prevent electrocution.
However, sometimes even the most cautious and careful parents overlook the need to protect a child's hearing. And this is a critical need that cannot be overlooked!
While some children suffer from some degree of hearing loss at birth that cannot be prevented, hearing losses in childhood caused by exposure to noise can and should be prevented. There are proactive steps every parent can take to prevent damage to the child's ears which could result in temporary or even permanent hearing loss. We will take a look at some easy and practical things all parents can do to protect the precious ears of their little ones!
How Will Noise Exposure Affect My Child's Hearing?
Noise-induced hearing loss can happen to anyone at any age. It affects millions of people throughout their lives, with some cases that may be temporary and some that are much more serious and permanent. Of course, noise is not the only hearing-loss risk your children may face, and not all causes of hearing loss are preventable. Diseases or illnesses such as Meniere's Disease often result in tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and some degree of hearing loss. Certain medications, called oxotoxic drugs, can play a role in hearing loss, and some individuals are simply predisposed genetically to suffer from hearing loss. For children especially, hearing loss is a tremendous burden in education. Students who struggle to understand their teachers and peers will often feel isolated and have a difficult time in social situations. These feelings of isolation can also lead to anxiety and depression that can last into adulthood.
Any parent would wish to spare their child from this experience, and noise-induced hearing loss is one thing that can indeed be prevented. Noise exposure can affect children's ears by damaging the hair cells in the cochlea. These cells transmit signals to the brain, and when they are damaged or die altogether they do not grow back. A child who cuts her own bangs will recover, but these hair cells in the ear are not be taken lightly!
The damage from noise doesn't always surface right away, and it can happen after a single event (for example, the sound of a gunshot) or from prolonged exposure over time (for example, frequent concert attendance). Perhaps your child sits in to watch his brother's band rehearse in the garage, or likes to jump on the riding mower with his father on a Saturday. Sometimes, these "everyday" activities can be dangerous to children's ears, and parents should not overlook them.
What Steps Should I Take to Protect My Child's Ears?
Monkey see, monkey do! Think about how you as a parent protect your own ears. Just as you may wear a bicycle helmet while training your child to wear his first bike, make a point to wear your own ear protection in loud environments. Allow your child to see that you pop in ear plugs to mow the lawn or wear noise-canceling headphones at the air show. Setting a good example is one of the best ways you can teach children to value and protect their hearing.
Limit Exposure. While taking your child to their first Taylor Swift concert may be the act that earns you the coveted Mom of The Year trophy, is cautious and careful in terms of how frequently you attend concerts with young children and be sure to take hearing protection for them. The same holds true for air shows and auto races, for major sporting events and gun ranges.
Enforce the Rules. Once you establish a routine for when and where your child should wear ear protection, keep it consistent. While it might be tempting to give in to a wailing five-year-old in a public setting who doesn't want to wear their protective gear, resist the urge to make an exception. Eventually, your child will know the drill and will know that certain activities mean ear protection just as a bike ride means a helmet will be worn and a car ride means a seatbelt will be used.
What Are the Best Hearing Protection Products for Kids?
There are some easy and budget-friendly options available to protect children's ears and reduce the risk of noise-induced hearing loss. The key thing to look for is the product's Noise Reduction Rating (NRR). Remember that the higher the NRR, the better the protection.
Earplugs and earmuffs are the two basic options to explore. Ear plugs are easy to carry anywhere, and you might opt for a pair with a neck strap in case one falls out. They can be made of hard plastic or soft foam, and it may take some trial and error to find the most comfortable fit for your child. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully when inserting the ear plugs into your child's ears for a safe and comfortable fit.
Earmuffs, which look like headphones, are a more expensive option but with one very important "pro" over earplugs: your child is more likely to put them on correctly, versus possibly inserting an earplug incorrectly.
If all else fails and you find yourself in a noisy environment with no ear protection for your child, simply cover their ears with your hands. This is certainly better than no protection at all.


text:
Hrastje – wieś w Słowenii, w gminie Šentjur. W 2018 roku liczyła 129 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Miejscowości w gminie Šentjur

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Lexington school board recognizes fall student-athletes who made it to state
Mark Caudill
Mansfield News Journal
LEXINGTON — The Lexington Local Schools Board of Education continues to recognize the district's student-athletes.
At Wednesday's meeting, the school board honored all the fall athletes who qualified for state competition.
Longtime coach Denise Benson introduced her girls and boys cross country teams. The girls, who had won four state crowns in a row, finished eighth last month after graduating their top three runners from a year ago.
"I know it (getting to state) is kind of expected, but I couldn't say for sure we'd be top 15 in the state, let alone top 10," Benson told the school board.
She also pointed out that four of the girls were academic All-Ohio.
Clad in purple sweatshirts, the boys also surprised Benson by finishing 10th at state.
"I would not have put money on it, that they would make it to the state meet," the coach said. "Something happened at district. How we put it together was all our young talent."
The Lexington boys soccer team also is known for its strong tradition. Coach Peter Them introduced members of the squad, which made it to the state semifinals and finished with a record of 16-2-4.
"Not bad for a rebuilding year," Them said.
All that's left is for the Minutemen to take the next step and win a state title.
"We will get over that hump, I promise you," Them said.
More:Lexington's dream season comes to an end in state semifinal loss to Bay
Two individuals also made it to state in other sports. Girls tennis player Gracie Pfeiffer qualified for the fourth year in a row, prompting veteran coach Ron Schaub to call her "one of our all-time greats."
"She's an amazing talent. You could tell right from the beginning," he said. "She would have played varsity as a fifth grader.
"Our team didn't do that well, but Gracie was phenomenal. She has maybe the best backhand in the business."
Junior golfer Troy Chapman also made the state tournament after shooting a 75 at the district meet.
Athletic director Jeff Eichorn thanked the board members for honoring the student-athletes.
"That's not the norm for a lot of school boards across the state," he said.
Board president Bob Whitney responded, "Personally, I think it's the school board's job to recognize them."
Parents concerned about one-on-one aides leaving
During the public comment portion of the meeting, two parents raised concerns about retaining one-on-one school aides.
Mallory Westerheide has two sons who attend Western Elementary School. She said they were born with a genetic abnormality, leaving them nonverbal and with physical disabilities.
"They love school and enjoy being here," Westerheide said.
She said the one-on-one aide who worked with one of her sons recently resigned.
"She worked really hard with him. She was his person," Westerheide said, adding her son spent one hour a day with his teacher and the rest with his one-on-one aide.
Westerheide read from a prepared statement, which she gave to Whitney, along with her contact information.
Superintendent Jeremy Secrist said being a one-on-one aide is a difficult job. The district contracts with the Renhill Group for the positions.
Nikki Ruhl is another parent with a child with special needs. She shared Westerheide's concerns.
"They (one-on-one aides) can't afford to stay. They don't have health care," Ruhl said.
She also raised questions about training.
"All of our employees need more professional development because we weren't able to do that because of COVID," Secrist said. "We've had three interrupted school years."
Parent upset policy request was denied
For the second meeting in a row, a parent who claimed his daughter and another student saw a teacher peeking into a bathroom stall addressed the board.
The teacher reportedly was looking for her own daughter. The parent wanted a policy put in place to assure nothing like it happened again.
He admitted he was angry when he addressed the board last month and apologized to Secrist. Wednesday, he said he was "broken-hearted" there will be no change in policy.
"I pulled my daughter out because of what happened," the man said. "I think every child should have a right to privacy in a bathroom."
Secrist responded by phone Thursday for a request for comment from the News Journal.
"We feel very comfortable with the professionalism of our staff," he said. "We expect assistance in monitoring hallways, bathrooms and locker rooms to ensure the safety of our students."
The parent also asked for an apology from high school Principal Jamie Masi, who made a public address announcement saying the girl was mistaken about what she saw.
"You're not going to point fingers," Whitney said. "We're not going to have a policy where teachers or aides will not have the right to go in a restroom."
mcaudill@gannett.com
Twitter: @MNJCaudill

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Green, Laurence (2019) Selling the spectacle of destruction - The films of Rintaro, and Japanese animation's transnational transformation from 'cult' to 'commercial'. In: London Screen Studies Group Conference, 8th June 2019, Birkbeck, University of London. (Unpublished)
Text - Draft Version
As one of the most acclaimed directors working in Japanese animation, Rintaro (aka. Shigeyuki Hayashi) has not only fronted a body of cinematic work that stretches from the late 70s through to the 00s, but provides a useful lens through which to examine the evolutionary history of anime as a Japanese creative output across the latter half of the 20th century. His work is often characterised as being cinematically epic, profiling life and death struggles against darkly fantastical backdrops. It also captures a crucial era in which the West was opening its doors to Japanese animation following the landmark screening of Akira (1988) at the London ICA in 1991. Simultaneously, the boom in the home video market - seeing both the maturation of the VHS format as well as the beginnings of the DVD as its successor - played a vital role, facilitating the development of an exciting new 'cult' environment where a niche medium like anime could bypass the cinema and be marketed directly to fans. It is here that the notion between cinematic spectacle and marketable medium meets - and which this paper will attempt to analyse; charting the course of Rintaro's cinematic output as both aesthetic and transnational objects, created in Japan, yet consumed in the West.
Conference or Workshop Items (Paper)
SOAS Doctoral School


text:
Google Wants Everyone Using 2-Factor Authentication
On This Week in Tech, Leo Laporte, Owen Thomas, Christina Warren, and Alex Wilhelm discuss Google's plan to push people into using two factor authentication and the risk associated with that.
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Hamas blames Israel for escalating violence as clashes erupt in West Bank
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Bengals vs Raiders: Bengals Get 1st Playoff Win Since 1990 [NFL Wild Card Recap] | CBS Sports HQ
Attorney General Bill Barr authorizes investigation into voting irregularities


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Effective January 1, 2019, Dominion Energy, Inc. became the sole holder of SCANA Corporation common stock. The aggregate market value of SCANA Corporation common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $5.5 billion based on the closing price of SCANA Corporation's common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange as of the last day of SCANA Corporation's most recently completed second fiscal quarter. SCANA Corporation is the sole holder of South Carolina Electric & Gas Company common stock. At February 15, 2019, SCANA Corporation had 100 shares of common stock outstanding and South Carolina Electric & Gas Company had 40,296,147 shares of common stock outstanding.
This combined Form 10-K represents separate filings by SCANA Corporation and South Carolina Electric & Gas Company. Information contained herein relating to an individual registrant is filed by that registrant on its own behalf. South Carolina Electric & Gas Company makes no representation as to information relating to SCANA Corporation or its subsidiaries (other than South Carolina Electric & Gas Company and its consolidated affiliates).
SCANA CORPORATION AND SOUTH CAROLINA ELECTRIC & GAS COMPANY MEET THE CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN GENERAL INSTRUCTION I(1)(a) AND (b) OF FORM 10-K AND ARE FILING THIS FORM 10-K UNDER THE REDUCED DISCLOSURE FORMAT.
(1) the ability of SCE&G to recover through rates the costs expended on the Nuclear Project, and a reasonable return on those costs, under the Merger Approval Order and the abandonment provisions of the BLRA or through other means; (2) uncertainties relating to the bankruptcy filing by WEC and WECTEC; (3) further changes in tax laws and realization of tax benefits and credits, and the ability to realize or maintain tax credits and deductions, particularly in light of the abandonment of the Nuclear Project; (4) legislative and regulatory actions, particularly changes related to electric and gas services, rate regulation, regulations governing electric grid reliability and pipeline integrity, environmental regulations including any imposition of fees or taxes on carbon emitting generating facilities, the BLRA, and any actions involving or arising from the abandonment of the Nuclear Project; (5) current and future litigation, including particularly litigation or government investigations or any actions involving or arising from the construction or abandonment of the Nuclear Project, including the possible impacts on liquidity and other financial impacts therefrom; (6) the results of short- and long-term financing efforts, including prospects for obtaining access to capital markets and other sources of liquidity and the effect of rating agency actions on the cost of and access to capital and sources of liquidity of SCANA, SCE&G and Dominion Energy; (7) the ability of suppliers, both domestic and international, to timely provide the labor, secure processes, components, parts, tools, equipment and other supplies needed which may be highly specialized or in short supply, at agreed upon quality and prices, for our construction program, operations and maintenance; (8) the results of efforts to ensure the physical and cyber security of key assets and processes; (9) changes in the economy, especially in areas served by subsidiaries of SCANA; (10) the impact of competition from other energy suppliers, including competition from alternate fuels in industrial markets; (11) the impact of conservation and demand side management efforts and/or technological advances on customer usage; (12) the loss of electricity sales to distributed generation, such as solar photovoltaic systems or energy storage systems; (13) growth opportunities for the Company; (14) the effects of weather, especially in areas where the generation and transmission facilities of the Company are located and in areas served by SCANA's subsidiaries; (15) changes in SCANA's or its subsidiaries' accounting rules and accounting policies; (16) payment and performance by counterparties and customers as contracted and when due; (17) the results of efforts to license, site, construct and finance facilities, and to receive related rate recovery, for generation and transmission; (18) the results of efforts to operate the Company's electric and gas systems and assets in accordance with acceptable performance standards, including the impact of additional distributed generation; (19) the availability of fuels such as coal, natural gas and enriched uranium used to produce electricity; the availability of purchased power and natural gas for distribution; the level and volatility of future market prices for such fuels and purchased power; and the ability to recover the costs for such fuels and purchased power; (20) the availability and retention of skilled, licensed and experienced human resources to properly manage, operate, and grow the Company's businesses, particularly in light of uncertainties with respect to legislative and regulatory actions surrounding recovery of Nuclear Project costs and integration within the combined companies of Dominion Energy; (21) labor disputes; (22) performance of SCANA's pension plan assets and the effect(s) of associated discount rates; (23) inflation or deflation; (24) changes in interest rates; (25) compliance with regulations; (26) natural disasters, man-made mishaps and acts of terrorism that directly affect our operations or the regulations governing them; and (27) the other risks and uncertainties described from time to time in the reports filed by SCANA or SCE&G with the SEC.
SCANA and SCE&G disclaim any obligation to update any forward-looking statements.
A law adopted in 2018 by the South Carolina General Assembly that required a temporary reduction in the amount SCE&G could collect from customers under the BLRA.
Separate dockets that were before the SCPSC related to the Nuclear Project which were handled concurrently. The Concurrent Dockets included the Joint Petition, the Request for Rate Relief filed by the ORS on September 26, 2017, as subsequently amended on October 17, 2017, and a June 2017 complaint filed by the Friends of the Earth and the Sierra Club.
Fluor Enterprises, Inc. and Fluor Daniel Maintenance Services, Inc.
South Carolina Fuel Company, Inc.
South Carolina Generating Company, Inc.
Effective January 1, 2019, SCANA became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dominion Energy under the terms of the Merger Agreement. SCANA's shareholders approved the merger in a special meeting on July 31, 2018, and various regulatory bodies approved the transaction throughout 2018. See additional discussion in Note 2 and Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements in Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
SCANA is a South Carolina corporation created in 1984 as a holding company. SCANA does not directly own or operate any significant physical properties, but it holds directly all of the capital stock of its subsidiaries, including the subsidiaries described below.
SCE&G is engaged in the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electricity to approximately 730,000 customers and the purchase, sale and transportation of natural gas to approximately 380,000 customers (each as of December 31, 2018). SCE&G's business experiences seasonal fluctuations, with generally higher sales of electricity during the summer and winter months because of air conditioning and heating requirements, and generally higher sales of natural gas during the winter months due to heating requirements. SCE&G's service territory includes portions of central, southern and southwestern South Carolina (for electric and natural gas) as well as portions of eastern South Carolina (for natural gas only). SCE&G's electric transmission system extends over a large part of the central, southern and southwestern portions of South Carolina.
GENCO owns Williams Station and sells electricity solely to SCE&G under the terms of a unit power sales agreement and related operating agreement and pursuant to a FERC-approved tariff. Fuel Company acquires, owns and provides financing for SCE&G's nuclear fuel, certain fossil fuels and emission allowances.
PSNC Energy purchases, sells and transports natural gas to approximately 580,000 residential, commercial and industrial customers (as of December 31, 2018). PSNC Energy serves portions of western, central and eastern North Carolina, including the area known as the Research Triangle.
SCANA Energy markets natural gas in the southeast and provides energy-related services. A division of SCANA Energy sells natural gas to approximately 420,000 customers (as of December 31, 2018) in Georgia's deregulated natural gas market. As Georgia's provider of last resort, SCANA Energy provides service to customers considered to be low-income or that are otherwise unable to obtain natural gas service from other marketers. SCANA Energy provides this service at rates approved by the GPSC and receives funding from Georgia's Universal Service Fund to offset some of the resulting bad debt. SCANA Energy files financial and other information periodically with the GPSC, and such information is available at www.psc.state.ga.us (which is not intended as an active hyperlink; the information on the GPSC website is not part of this or any other report filed by the Company with the SEC).
SCANA Services provides shared administrative and management services to SCANA's other subsidiaries.
At December 31, 2018, the Company had approximately 5,200 full-time employees, of which approximately 1,100 were subject to collective bargaining agreements, and Consolidated SCE&G had approximately 2,700 employees, of which approximately 800 were subject to collective bargaining agreements.
1000, subject to state and local siting and permitting approvals. This could result in additional competition to build and own transmission infrastructure in SCE&G's service area in the future.
Competition in SCE&G's and PSNC Energy's natural gas distribution operations is generally based on price and convenience. Large commercial and industrial customers often have the ability to switch from natural gas to an alternate fuel, such as propane or fuel oil. Natural gas competes with these alternate fuels based on price. As a result, any significant disparity between supply and demand, either of natural gas or of alternate fuels, and due either to production or delivery disruptions or other factors, will affect price and the ability to retain large commercial and industrial customers.
SCANA Energy faces competition from affiliates of large energy companies and electric membership cooperatives, among others. The ability of SCANA Energy to maintain its market share primarily depends on the prices it charges customers relative to the prices charged by its competitors and its ability to provide high levels of customer service.
SCE&G's electric distribution service, including the rates it may charge to jurisdictional customers, is subject to regulation by the SCPSC. SCE&G's electric generation operations are subject to regulation by the SCPSC, FERC, the NRC, the EPA, the DOE and various other federal, state and local authorities. SCE&G's electric transmission service is primarily regulated by FERC and the DOE. SCE&G and PSNC Energy's gas distribution operations are subject to regulation by the SCPSC and the NCUC, respectively, as well as PHMSA, DOT, the ORS and the NCUC for enforcement of federal and state pipeline safety requirements in their respective service territories. SCANA Energy's activities are subject to regulation by the GPSC as to retail prices for customers served under regulated provider contracts and the FERC.
SCANA and SCE&G file their annual, quarterly and current reports and other information with the SEC. Their SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov.
SCANA and SCE&G make their SEC filings available, free of charge, including the annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports, through Dominion Energy's internet website, http://www.dominionenergy.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after filing or furnishing the material to the SEC. Information contained on Dominion Energy's website is not incorporated by reference in this report.
The risk factors that follow relate in each case to the Company, and where indicated the risk factors also relate to Consolidated SCE&G.
There may be significant challenges to successfully integrate the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's businesses with Dominion Energy.
performance shortfalls as a result of the diversion of management's attention caused by integrating the Company's businesses.
For these reasons, it is possible that the integration process could result in the distraction of the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's management, the disruption of each of their ongoing businesses or inconsistencies in their services, standards, controls, procedures and policies, any of which could adversely affect the ability of the Company or Consolidated SCE&G to maintain or establish relationships with current and prospective customers, vendors and employees or could otherwise adversely affect their businesses and financial results.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G are subject to the reputational risks that may result from a failure to adhere to high standards related to compliance with laws and regulations, ethical conduct, operational effectiveness, customer service and the safety of employees, customers and the public. In addition, the Company and Consolidated SCE&G have been and may continue to be adversely affected by negative publicity related to the abandonment of the Nuclear Project.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G are committed to operational excellence, to quality customer service, and, through an ethics and compliance program, to maintain high standards of ethical conduct in our business operations. A failure to meet these commitments, or a perceived failure to meet these commitments, may subject the Company and Consolidated SCE&G not only to fraud, regulatory action, litigation or financial loss, but also to reputational risk that could adversely affect the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's access to capital, and result in further regulatory oversight. In addition, traditional news media and social media can very rapidly convey information, whether factual or not, to large numbers of people, including customers, investors, regulators, legislators and other stakeholders, and the failure to effectively manage timely, accurate communication through these channels could adversely impact our reputation.
Political and public sentiment in connection with the abandonment of the Nuclear Project has resulted in and may continue to result in a significant amount of adverse press coverage and other adverse public statements affecting the Company and Consolidated SCE&G. Adverse press coverage and other adverse statements, whether or not driven by political or public sentiment, may also result in investigations by regulators, legislators and law enforcement officials or in legal claims in addition to those which have already occurred or are currently pending. Responding to these investigations and lawsuits, regardless of the ultimate outcome of the proceedings, as well as responding to and addressing adverse press coverage and other adverse public statements, can divert the time and effort of senior management from the management of the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's respective businesses.
Addressing any adverse publicity, governmental scrutiny or enforcement or other legal proceedings is time consuming and expensive and, regardless of the factual basis for the assertions being made, can have a negative impact on the reputation of the Company and Consolidated SCE&G, on the morale and performance of their employees and on their relationships with their respective regulators, customers and commercial counterparties. It may also have a negative impact on their ability to take timely advantage of various business and market opportunities. The direct and indirect effects of negative publicity, and the demands of responding to and addressing it, may have an adverse effect on the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's respective businesses, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
The rates that the Company and Consolidated SCE&G can charge customers are subject to regulatory review.
Revenue provided by the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's operations is based primarily on rates approved by state regulatory agencies. The profitability of these businesses is dependent on their ability, through the rates that they are permitted to charge, to recover costs and earn a reasonable rate of return on their capital investment.
The Company's retail gas base rates for distribution services to customers in North Carolina are regulated on a cost-of-service basis subject to North Carolina statutes and the rules and procedures of the NCUC. Consolidated SCE&G's retail electric bases rates for services to customers in South Carolina are regulated on a cost-of-service/rate-of-return basis subject to South Carolina statutes and the rules and procedures of the SCSPC. If retail electric earnings exceed the returns established by the SCPSC, retail electric rates may be subject to review and possible reduction by the SCPSC, which may decrease Consolidated SCE&G's future earnings. If the NCUC and SCPSC do not allow recovery through base rates, on a timely basis, of costs incurred in providing service, the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's future earnings could be negatively impacted.
Additionally, governmental officials, stakeholders and advocacy groups may challenge these regulatory reviews. Such challenges may lengthen the time, complexity and costs associated with such regulatory reviews.
The Company and SCE&G are subject to numerous legal proceedings and ongoing governmental investigations and examinations.
The Company and SCE&G are defendants in numerous federal and state legal proceedings and governmental investigations relating to the decision to abandon construction at the Nuclear Project. Among other things, the lawsuits and investigations allege misrepresentation, failure to properly manage the Nuclear Project, unfair trade practices and violation of anti-trust laws. The plaintiffs seek a judgment that SCE&G many not charge its customers for any past or continuing costs of the Nuclear Project, among other remedies.
Additionally, the Company and SCE&G are defendants in federal and state legal proceedings relating to the SCANA Combination. Among other things, the lawsuits allege improper disclosures and breaches of various fiduciary duties. Remedies sought include rescinding the SCANA Combination.
The outcome of these legal proceedings, investigations and examinations is uncertain and may adversely affect the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's financial condition or results of operation.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G have engaged in activities for which they have claimed research and experimentation tax deductions and credits and tax abandonment losses, all of which are the subject of uncertainty.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G have claimed significant research and experimentation tax deductions and credits related to the design and construction activities of Unit 2 and Unit 3. A significant portion of these claims followed the issuance of final IRS regulations in 2014 regarding such treatment with respect to expenditures related to the design and construction of pilot models. The Company and Consolidated SCE&G have also claimed a significant tax deduction related to the decision to stop construction and to abandon the Nuclear Project in 2017.
These tax claims primarily involve the timing of recognition of tax deductions rather than permanent tax attributes, and their permanent attributes (net), as well as most of the interest accruals required to be recorded with respect to them, had been deferred within regulatory assets. As such, until December 31, 2017 when these deferrals were considered to be impaired, these claims had not had, and were not expected to have in the future, significant direct effects on the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's results of operations. Nonetheless, the claims contributed significantly to the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's cash flows by providing a significant source of capital and lessening the level of debt and equity financing that the Company and Consolidated SCE&G were required to raise in the financial markets.
The claims made to date are under examination and, even though a favorable PLR regarding the 2017 abandonment loss related to the Nuclear Project was obtained, all such claims are considered uncertain. To the extent that any of these claims are not sustained as ordinary losses on examination or through any subsequent appeal, the Company and Consolidated SCE&G will be required to repay any cash received for tax benefit claims which are ultimately disallowed, along with interest on those amounts. Such amounts could be significant and could adversely affect the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's liquidity, cash flows, results of operations and financial condition. In certain circumstances, which management considers to be remote, penalties for underpayment of income taxes could also be assessed.
An inability to obtain needed capital or financing on satisfactory terms, or at all, could have an adverse effect on our operations and ability to generate cash flow.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G are dependent on certain financing arrangements with Dominion Energy for any borrowings necessary to meet our working capital and other financial needs. If Dominion Energy's funding resources were to become unavailable to Dominion Energy, the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's access to funding would also be in jeopardy. In the future, an inability to obtain additional financing from other sources on acceptable terms could negatively affect our financial condition, cash flows, anticipated financial results or impair our ability to generate additional cash flows. The ability to obtain bank financing or to access the capital markets for future debt offerings may be limited by the financial condition of the Company or Consolidated SCE&G at the time of any such financing or offering or other debt agreements in place at the time, adverse market conditions or other contingencies and uncertainties that are beyond our control.
SCE&G also relies on a credit facility with banks to meet short-term funding needs. Banks may be unable or unwilling to extend credit in the future. From time to time, SCE&G may use interest-rate derivatives to fix the rate on a portion of its variable-rate debt. A downgrade of credit ratings could increase the interest cost of debt and decrease future availability of capital from banks and other sources. While management believes it is important to maintain investment-grade credit ratings to conduct SCE&G's businesses, SCE&G may not be able to keep investment-grade ratings.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G are subject to numerous environmental laws and regulations that require significant capital expenditures, can increase our costs of operations and may impact our business plans or expose us to environmental liabilities.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G are subject to extensive federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, including those relating to water quality and air emissions (such as reducing NOX, SO2, mercury and particulate matter). Some form of regulation is expected at the federal and state levels to impose regulatory requirements specifically directed at reducing GHG emissions from fossil fuel-fired electric generating units. For example, on August 21, 2018, the EPA proposed a replacement rule to the CPP, known as the ACE rule, which will establish guidelines for states to develop plans to address GHG emissions from existing coal-fired power plants. However, a number of bills have been introduced in Congress that seek to require GHG emissions reductions from fossil fuel-fired electric generation facilities, natural gas facilities and other sectors of the economy, although none has yet been enacted. Furthermore, the EPA finalized standards under the CWA governing effluent limitation guidelines for electric generating units in September 2015. While the rule setting forth these standards has been stayed administratively, the EPA has begun a new rulemaking process that could take until 2020 before revisions to the effluent limitation guidelines for electric generating units is complete.
Compliance with environmental laws and regulations requires us to commit significant resources toward environmental monitoring, installation of pollution control equipment, emissions fees and permitting at our facilities. These expenditures have been significant in the past and are expected to continue or increase in the future. Changes in compliance requirements, additional regulations and related costs, or more restrictive interpretations by governmental authorities of existing requirements may impose additional costs on us (such as more stringent clean-up of contaminated sites or reduced emission allowances) or require us to incur additional expenditures or curtail some of our cost savings activities (such as the recycling of fly ash and other coal combustion products for beneficial use). Compliance with any GHG emission reduction requirements, including any mandated renewable portfolio standards, also may impose significant costs on us, and the resulting price increases to our customers may lower customer consumption. Such costs of compliance with environmental regulations could negatively impact our businesses and our results of operations and financial position, especially if emissions or discharge limits are reduced or more onerous permitting requirements or additional regulatory requirements are imposed. Additionally, there can be no assurance that a federal tax or fee for carbon emitting generating facilities will not be imposed.
The compliance costs of these environmental laws and regulations are important considerations in the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's strategic planning and, as a result, significantly affect the decisions to construct, operate, and retire facilities, including generating facilities. In turn, they affect the costs and rates of the Company and Consolidated SCE&G.
Commodity price changes, delays in delivery of commodities, commodity availability and other factors may affect the operating cost, capital expenditures and competitive positions of the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's energy businesses.
Our energy businesses are sensitive to changes in coal, natural gas, uranium and other commodity prices (as well as their transportation costs), availability and deliverability. Any such changes could affect the prices these businesses charge, their operating costs, and the competitive position of their products and services. While Consolidated SCE&G is permitted to recover the prudently incurred cost of purchased power and fuel (including transportation) used in electric generation through retail customers' bills, such cost increases affect electric prices and therefore the competitive position of electricity against other energy sources. In addition, when natural gas prices are low enough relative to coal to result in the dispatch of gas-fired electric generation ahead of coal-fired electric generation, higher inventories of coal, with related increased carrying costs, may result. This may adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.
In the case of regulated natural gas operations, costs prudently incurred for purchased gas and pipeline capacity may be recovered through retail customers' bills. However, in both our regulated and deregulated natural gas markets, increases in gas costs affect total retail prices and therefore the competitive position of gas relative to electricity and other forms of energy. Accordingly, customers able to do so may switch to alternate forms of energy and reduce their usage of gas from the Company and Consolidated SCE&G. Customers on a volumetric rate structure unable to switch to alternate fuels or suppliers may reduce their usage of gas from the Company and Consolidated SCE&G. A regulatory mechanism applies to residential and commercial customers at PSNC Energy to mitigate the earnings impact of an increase or decrease in gas usage.
Certain construction-related commodities, such as copper and aluminum used in our transmission and distribution lines and in our electrical equipment, and steel, concrete and rare earth elements, have experienced significant price fluctuations due to changes in worldwide demand. To operate our air emissions control equipment, we use significant quantities of ammonia, limestone and lime. With EPA-mandated industry-wide compliance requirements for air emissions controls, increased demand for these reagents, combined with the increased demand for low sulfur coal, may result in higher costs for coal and reagents used for compliance purposes.
Changing and complex laws and regulations to which the Company and Consolidated SCE&G are subject could adversely affect revenues, increase costs, or curtail activities.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G operate under the regulatory authority of the United States government and its various regulatory agencies, including the FERC, NRC, SEC, IRS, EPA, the Department of Homeland Security, CFTC and PHMSA. In addition, the Company and Consolidated SCE&G are subject to regulation by the state governments of South Carolina, North Carolina and Georgia via regulatory agencies, state environmental agencies, and state employment commissions. Accordingly, the Company and Consolidated SCE&G must comply with extensive federal, state and local laws and regulations. Such governmental oversight and regulation broadly and materially affect the operation of our businesses. In addition to many other aspects of our businesses, these requirements impact the services mandated or offered to our customers, and the licensing, siting, construction and operation of facilities. They affect our management of safety, the reliability of our electric and natural gas systems, the physical and cyber security of key assets, customer conservation through DSM Programs, information security, the issuance of securities and borrowing of money, financial reporting, interactions among affiliates, the pricing of utility services, the payment of dividends and employment programs and practices. Changes to governmental regulations are continual and potentially costly to effect compliance. Non-compliance with these requirements by third parties, such as our contractors, vendors and agents, may subject the Company and Consolidated SCE&G to operational risks and to liability. We cannot predict the future course of changes in this regulatory environment or the ultimate effect that this changing regulatory environment will have on the Company's or Consolidated SCE&G's businesses. Non-compliance with these laws and regulations could result in fines, litigation, loss of licenses or permits, mandated capital expenditures and other adverse business outcomes, as well as reputational damage, which could adversely affect the cash flows, results of operations, and financial condition of the Company and Consolidated SCE&G.
Furthermore, changes in or uncertainty in monetary, fiscal, tax, economic, trade, or regulatory policies of the federal government may adversely affect the debt and equity markets and the economic climate for the nation, region or particular industries, such as ours or those of our customers. The Company and Consolidated SCE&G also could be adversely impacted by changes in tax policy, or taxes related to the usage of certain fuel types in our businesses or our ownership and/or operation of certain types of generating facilities. Future, unknown regulation of hydraulic fracturing activities also could impact the operations and finances of the Company and Consolidated SCE&G.
SCE&G's electric operations in South Carolina and the Company's gas distribution operations in South Carolina and North Carolina are regulated by state utilities commissions. Consolidated SCE&G's generating facilities are subject to extensive regulation and oversight from the NRC and SCPSC. SCE&G's electric transmission system is subject to extensive regulations and oversight from the SCPSC, NERC and FERC. Implementing and maintaining compliance with the NERC's mandatory reliability standards, enforced by FERC, for bulk electric systems could result in higher operating costs and capital expenditures. Non-compliance with these standards could subject SCE&G to substantial monetary penalties. Our gas marketing operations in Georgia are subject to state regulatory oversight and, for a portion of its operations, to rate regulation. There can be no assurance that Georgia's gas delivery regulatory framework will remain unchanged as market conditions evolve.
Furthermore, Dodd-Frank affects the use and reporting of derivative instruments. The regulations under this legislation provide for substantial additional regulation of over-the-counter and security-based derivative instruments, among other things, and require numerous rule-makings by the CFTC and the SEC to implement, many of which are still pending final action by those federal agencies. The Company and Consolidated SCE&G have determined that they meet the end-user exception to mandatory clearing of swaps under Dodd-Frank. In addition, the Company and Consolidated SCE&G have taken steps to ensure that they are not the party required to report these transactions in real-time (the "reporting party") by transacting solely with swap dealers and major swap participants, when possible, as well as entering into reporting party agreements with counterparties who also are not swap dealers or major swap participants, which establishes that those counterparties are obligated to report the transactions in accordance with applicable Dodd-Frank regulations. While these actions minimize the reporting obligations of the Company and Consolidated SCE&G, they do not eliminate required recordkeeping for any Dodd-Frank regulated transactions. Despite qualifying for the end-user exception to mandatory clearing and ensuring that neither the Company nor Consolidated SCE&G is the reporting party to a transaction required to be reported in real-time, we cannot predict when the final regulations will be issued or what requirements they will impose.
Hostile cyber intrusions could severely impair the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's operations, lead to the disclosure of confidential information, damage the reputation of the Company and Consolidated SCE&G and otherwise have an adverse effect on the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's business.
SCE&G's facilities are not completely isolated from external networks. There appears to be an increasing level of activity, sophistication and maturity of threat actors, in particular nation state actors, that wish to disrupt the U.S. bulk power system and the U.S. gas transmission or distribution system. Such parties could view the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's computer systems, software or networks as attractive targets for cyber attack. For example, malware has been designed to target software that runs the nation's critical infrastructure such as power transmission grids and gas pipelines. In addition, the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's businesses require that they and their vendors collect and maintain sensitive customer data, as well as confidential employee and shareholder information, which is subject to electronic theft or loss.
A successful cyber attack on the systems that control the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's electric generation, electric or gas transmission or distribution assets could severely disrupt business operations, preventing the Company and Consolidated SCE&G from serving customers or collecting revenues. The breach of certain business systems could affect the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's ability to correctly record, process and report financial information. A major cyber incident could result in significant expenses to investigate and repair security breaches or system damage and could lead to litigation, fines, other remedial action, heightened regulatory scrutiny and damage to the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's reputation. In addition, the misappropriation, corruption or loss of personally identifiable information and other confidential data at the Company or Consolidated SCE&G or one of their vendors could lead to significant breach notification expenses and mitigation expenses such as credit monitoring. While the Company and Consolidated SCE&G maintain property and casualty insurance, along with other contractual provisions, that may cover certain damage caused by potential cyber incidents, all damage and claims arising from such incidents may not be covered or may exceed the amount of any insurance available. For these reasons, a significant cyber incident could materially and adversely affect the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's business, financial condition and results of operations.
Operating results may be adversely affected by natural disasters, man-made mishaps and abnormal weather.
The Company has delivered less gas and, in deregulated markets, received lower prices for natural gas when weather conditions have been milder than normal, and as a consequence earned less income from those operations. Mild weather in the future could adversely impact the revenues and results of operations and harm the financial condition of the Company and Consolidated SCE&G. Hot or cold weather could result in higher bills for customers and result in higher write-offs of receivables and in a greater number of disconnections for non-payment. In addition, for the Company and Consolidated SCE&G, severe weather can be destructive, causing outages and property damage, adversely affecting operating expenses and revenues.
Natural disasters (such as hurricanes or other significant weather events, electromagnetic events, earthquakes, flooding or fires) or man-made mishaps (such as natural gas transmission pipeline failure, electric utility companies' ash pond failures, and cyber-security failures experienced by many businesses) could have direct significant impacts on the Company and Consolidated SCE&G and on our key contractors and suppliers or could impact us through changes to federal, state or local policies, laws and regulations, and have a significant impact on our financial condition, operating expenses, and cash flows.
The costs of large capital projects, such as the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's construction and environmental compliance programs, are significant, and these projects are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may adversely affect the cost, timing and completion of these projects.
The Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's businesses are capital intensive and require significant investments in electric generation and in other internal infrastructure projects, including projects for environmental compliance. Achieving the intended benefits of any large construction project is subject to many uncertainties. For instance, the ability to adhere to established budgets and construction schedules may be affected by many variables, such as the regulatory, legal, training and construction processes associated with securing approvals, permits and licenses and necessary amendments to them within projected time frames, the availability of labor and materials at estimated costs, the availability and cost of financing, and weather. There also may be contractor or supplier performance issues or adverse changes in their creditworthiness and/or financial stability, unforeseen difficulties meeting critical regulatory requirements, contract disputes and litigation, and changes in key contractors or subcontractors. There may be unforeseen engineering problems or unanticipated changes in project design or scope. Our ability to complete construction projects as well as our ability to maintain current operations at reasonable cost could be affected by the availability of key components or commodities, increases in the price of or the unavailability of labor, commodities or other materials, increases in lead times for components, adverse changes in applicable laws and regulations, new or enhanced environmental or regulatory requirements, supply chain failures (whether resulting from the foregoing or other factors), and disruptions in the transportation of components, commodities and fuels. To the extent that, in connection with the construction of a project, delays occur, costs become unrecoverable, or we otherwise become unable to effectively manage and complete the project, our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition, as well as our qualifications for applicable governmental programs, benefits and tax credits may be adversely affected.
A significant portion of Consolidated SCE&G's generating capacity is derived from nuclear power, the use of which exposes us to regulatory, environmental and business risks.
Uncertainties with respect to the technological aspects of, and adequacy of funding for, decommissioning nuclear plants at the end of their operating lives.
SCE&G maintains a trust to minimize the financial risks associated with the decommissioning of Unit 1; however, it is possible that future decommissioning costs could exceed amounts in the decommissioning trust. If assets in the trust are insufficient to cover the eventual costs of decommissioning, and if SCE&G is unable to recover the shortfall through regulatory means, the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's results of operations could be negatively impacted.
The NRC has broad authority under federal law to impose licensing and safety-related requirements for the operation of nuclear generation facilities. In the event of non-compliance, the NRC has the authority to impose fines or shut down a unit, or both, depending upon its assessment of the severity of the situation, until compliance is achieved. Revised safety requirements promulgated by the NRC could necessitate capital expenditures at nuclear plants such as ours. In today's environment, there is a heightened risk of terrorist attack on the nation's nuclear facilities, which has resulted in increased security costs at our nuclear plant. Although we have no reason to anticipate a serious nuclear incident, a major incident at a nuclear facility anywhere in the world could cause the NRC to limit or prohibit the operation or licensing of any domestic nuclear unit, resulting in costly changes to units in operation and adversely impacting our results of operations, cash flows and financial condition. Furthermore, a major incident at a domestic nuclear facility could result in retrospective premium assessments under our nuclear insurance coverages.
Potential competitive changes may adversely affect our gas and electricity businesses due to the loss of customers, reductions in revenues, or write-down of stranded assets.
The utility industry has been undergoing a structural change for a number of years, resulting in increasing competitive pressures on electric and natural gas utility companies. Competition in wholesale power sales via an RTO/ISO is in effect across much of the country, but the Southeastern utilities have retained the traditional bundled, vertically integrated structure. Should an RTO/ISO-market be implemented in the Southeast, potential risks emerge from reliance on volatile wholesale market prices as well as increased costs associated with new transmission and distribution infrastructure.
Some states have also mandated or encouraged unbundled retail competition. Should this occur in South Carolina or North Carolina, increased competition may create greater risks to the stability of utility earnings generally and may in the future reduce earnings from retail electric and natural gas sales. In a deregulated environment, formerly regulated utility companies that are not responsive to a competitive energy marketplace may suffer erosion in market share, revenues and profits as competitors gain access to their customers. In addition, the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's generation assets would be exposed to considerable financial risk in a deregulated electric market. If market prices for electric generation do not produce adequate revenue streams and the enabling legislation or regulatory actions do not provide for recovery of the resulting stranded costs, a write-down in the value of the related assets could be required.
advances in distributed generation technology, particularly when combined with storage solutions, the growth of such distributed generation could be significant in the future. Such growth will lessen the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's sales and will slow growth, potentially causing higher rates to customers.
Renewable and/or alternative electric generation portfolio standards may be enacted at the federal or state level. Such renewable energy may not be readily available in our service territories and could be costly to build, finance, acquire, integrate, and/or operate. Resulting increases in the price of electricity to recover the cost of these types of generation, and the costs of their integration to the electric system, could result in lower usage of electricity by our customers. In addition, DER generation at customers' facilities could result in the loss of sales to those customers. Compliance with potential future portfolio standards could significantly impact our capital expenditures and our results of operations and financial condition. Utility scale solar development companies are currently working in South Carolina to develop projects in SCE&G's service territory.
Problems with operations could cause us to curtail or limit our ability to serve customers or cause us to incur substantial costs.
Critical processes or systems in the Company's or Consolidated SCE&G's operations could become impaired or fail from a variety of causes, such as equipment breakdown, transmission equipment failure, information systems failure or security breach, operator error, natural disasters, and the effects of a pandemic, terrorist attack or cyber attack on our workforce or facilities or on vendors and suppliers necessary to maintain services key to our operations.
In particular, as the operator of power generation facilities, many of which entered service prior to 1985 and may be difficult to maintain, Consolidated SCE&G could incur problems, such as the breakdown or failure of power generation or emission control equipment, transmission equipment, or other equipment or processes which would result in performance below assumed levels of output or efficiency. The integration of a significant amount of distributed generation into our systems may entail additional cycling of our coal-fired generation facilities and may thereby increase the number of unplanned outages at those facilities. In addition, any such breakdown or failure may result in Consolidated SCE&G purchasing emission allowances or replacement power at market rates, if such allowances and replacement power are available at all. These purchases are subject to state regulatory prudency reviews for recovery through rates. If replacement power is not available, such problems could result in interruptions of service (blackout or brownout conditions) in all or part of SCE&G's territory or elsewhere in the region. Similarly, a natural gas line failure of the Company or Consolidated SCE&G could affect the safety of the public, destroy property, and interrupt our ability to serve customers.
Events such as these could entail substantial repair costs, litigation, fines and penalties, and damage to reputation, each of which could have an adverse effect on the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's revenues, results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. Insurance may not be available or adequate to mitigate the adverse impacts of these events.
The use of derivative instruments could result in financial losses and liquidity constraints. The Company and Consolidated SCE&G do not fully hedge against financial market risks or price changes in commodities. This could result in increased costs, thereby resulting in lower margin.
The Company and Consolidated SCE&G may use derivative instruments, including futures, forwards, options and swaps, to manage our financial market risks. The Company also uses such derivative instruments to manage certain commodity (i.e., natural gas) market risk. We could be required to provide cash collateral or recognize financial losses on these contracts as a result of volatility in the market values of the underlying commodities and financial contracts or if a counterparty fails to perform under a contract. We could also be required to provide additional cash collateral if credit rating agency downgrades of our debt trigger more stringent requirements.
The Company strives to manage commodity price exposure by establishing risk limits and utilizing various financial instruments (exchange traded and over-the-counter instruments) to hedge physical obligations and reduce price volatility. We do not hedge the entire exposure of our operations from commodity price volatility. To the extent we do not hedge against commodity price volatility or our hedges are not effective, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition may be adversely impacted.
Failure to retain and attract key personnel could adversely affect the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's operations and financial performance, particularly in light of uncertainties related to and resulting from regulatory, legislative and legal proceedings and integration.
employment considerations made by current and prospective employees, and some workforce attrition has occurred. We must attract, retain and develop executive officers and other professional, technical and craft employees with the skills and experience necessary to successfully manage, operate and grow our businesses. Competition for these employees is high, and in some cases, we must compete for these employees on a regional or national basis. We may be unable to attract and retain these personnel. Further, the Company's or Consolidated SCE&G's ability to construct or maintain generation or other assets requires the availability of suitable skilled contractor personnel. We may be unable to obtain appropriate contractor personnel at the times and places needed. Labor disputes with employees or contractors covered by collective bargaining agreements also could adversely affect implementation of our strategic plan and our operational and financial performance. Furthermore, increased medical benefit costs of employees and retirees could adversely affect the results of operations of the Company and Consolidated SCE&G. Medical costs in this country have risen significantly over the past number of years and such increases are expected to continue. Such increases, unless satisfactorily managed by the Company and Consolidated SCE&G, could adversely affect results of operations.
SCANA owns no significant property other than the capital stock of each of its subsidiaries. It holds directly all of the capital stock of each of its subsidiaries.
SCE&G's bond indenture, which secures its First Mortgage Bonds, constitutes a direct mortgage lien on substantially all of its electric utility property. GENCO's Williams Station is also subject to a first mortgage lien which secures certain outstanding debt of GENCO.
The following table shows the electric generating facilities and their net generating capacity as of December 31, 2018.
Note: (CT) denotes combustion turbine and (CC) denotes combined cycle.
SCE&G owns 440 substations. The transmission system consists of 3,478 miles of lines. The distribution system consists of 18,606 pole miles of overhead lines and 7,809 trench miles of underground lines, exclusive of service-level lines.
SCE&G's natural gas system includes 453 miles of transmission pipeline of up to 20 inches in diameter that connect its distribution system with Southern Natural Gas Company, Transco and Dominion Energy Carolina Gas Transmission, LLC. SCE&G's distribution system consists of 18,005 miles of distribution mains and related service facilities.
SCE&G also owns two LNG plants, one located near Charleston, South Carolina, and the other in Salley, South Carolina. The Charleston facility can store the liquefied equivalent of 1.0 bcf of natural gas, can regasify approximately 6% of its storage capacity per day and can liquefy less than 1% of its storage capacity per day. The Salley facility can store the liquefied equivalent of 0.9 bcf of natural gas and can regasify approximately 10% of its storage capacity per day. The Salley facility has no liquefying capabilities.
PSNC Energy's natural gas system consists of 633 miles of transmission pipeline of up to 24 inches in diameter that connect its distribution systems with Transco. PSNC Energy's distribution system consists of 22,600 miles of distribution mains and related service facilities. PSNC Energy owns one LNG plant that stores the liquefied equivalent of 1.0 bcf of natural gas, can regasify approximately 10% of its storage capacity per day and can liquefy less than 1% of its storage capacity per day.
From time to time, the Company and Consolidated SCE&G are alleged to be in violation or in default under orders, statutes, rules or regulations relating to the environment, compliance plans imposed upon or agreed to by the Company or Consolidated SCE&G, or permits issued by various local, state and/or federal agencies for the construction or operation of facilities. Administrative proceedings may also be pending on these matters. In addition, in the ordinary course of business, and particularly following the abandonment of the Nuclear Project, the Company and Consolidated SCE&G are involved in various legal proceedings.
See Claims and Litigation in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, which information is incorporated herein by reference, for a discussion of various legal, environmental and other regulatory proceedings to which the Company and Consolidated SCE&G are a party to, including any material developments that have occurred in the fourth quarter of 2018.
SCANA became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Dominion Energy effective January 1, 2019, after which date no established public trading market exists for SCANA common stock. Prior to this date, SCANA common stock traded on the NYSE using the ticker symbol SCG. SCANA intends to pay quarterly cash dividends in 2019 but is neither required to nor restricted from making such payment, except as described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
*The above table represents shares acquired for non-employee directors under the Director Compensation and Deferral Plan. On December 16, 2014, SCANA announced a program to convert from original issue to open market purchase of SCANA common stock for all applicable compensation and dividend reinvestment plans. This program took effect in the first quarter of 2015. Concurrent with the SCANA Combination, effective January 1, 2019, this program ceased.
All of SCE&G's common stock is owned by SCANA, and no established public trading market exists for SCE&G common stock. SCE&G intends to pay quarterly cash dividends in 2019 but is neither required to nor restricted from making such payment, except as described in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
SCANA and SCE&G meet the conditions to file under the reduced disclosure format, and therefore have omitted certain information related to themselves and their consolidated affiliates and subsidiaries called for by Item 7 of Form 10-K. As a result, this Item 7 provides a management's narrative analysis of the Company's and Consolidated SCE&G's results of operations, and it should be read in conjunction with Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Consolidated SCE&G makes no representation as to information relating solely to SCANA and its subsidiaries (other than Consolidated SCE&G).
The Company's loss per share and Consolidated SCE&G's net loss reflect impairment losses taken in each period related to the abandoned Nuclear Project. Results in 2018 also reflect an electric rate reduction made effective as of the second quarter of 2018 and significant legal and other costs incurred in connection with the Nuclear Project. For the Company, 2018's results also reflect costs associated with the merger with Dominion Energy. These and other results are discussed below.
the first quarter, with 2017 being significantly milder than 2018, and warmer than normal weather in the second, third and fourth quarters, with 2018 being warmer than 2017 in each period.
Operating revenues decreased in 2018 by $113.7 million pursuant to an SCPSC order whereby fuel cost recovery was offset with gains realized upon the settlement of certain interest rate derivative contracts, as further described in Other Income (Expense) below. Operating revenue also decreased by $300.4 million due to the enactment and implementation of Act 258, by $69.2 million due to the recognition of estimated amounts to be refunded to customers as a result of the Tax Act and by lower residential and commercial average use of $48.6 million. The downward reserve adjustment related to fuel cost recovery had no effect on net income as it was fully offset by the recognition within other income of gains realized upon the settlement of certain derivative interest rate contracts. These revenue decreases were partially offset by the effects of weather of $100.4 million, residential and commercial growth of $22.4 million and higher fuel cost recovery of $65.6 million.
Fuel used in electric generation and purchased power expenses increased due to higher fuel prices of $65.6 million, increased sales volumes associated with residential and commercial customer growth of $5.2 million and higher sales volumes associated with the effects of weather of $24.3 million. These increases were partially offset by lower residential and commercial average use of $12.7 million. In 2018, purchased power expenses were lower and expenses for fuel used in electric generation were higher due to SCE&G's purchase of CEC and the termination of a related purchase power agreement.
Other operation and maintenance expenses increased due to higher legal and other costs arising from the abandonment of the Nuclear Project of approximately $25.6 million and increases in non-labor costs associated with the purchase of CEC of $8.5 million. These increases were partially offset by lower labor costs of $9.4 million, primarily due to the absence of Nuclear Project severance accruals in 2018.
Impairment loss in each period represents probable disallowances of cost recovery associated with the abandoned Nuclear Project.
Depreciation and amortization increased primarily due to net plant additions.
Other taxes increased primarily due to higher property taxes associated with net plant additions.
Retail and wholesale sales volumes increased primarily due to the effects of weather.
The effect of abnormal weather conditions on gas distribution operating income is mitigated by the WNA at SCE&G and the CUT at PSNC Energy as further described in Note 3 of the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. The WNA and CUT do not affect sales volumes.
Operating revenues increased at SCE&G primarily due to higher gas cost recovery of $23.5 million, customer growth of $9.7 million and higher average use of $1.7 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $7.5 million due to the deferral of estimated amounts to be refunded to customers as a result of the Tax Act. In addition to these factors, operating revenues for the Company increased due to weather at PSNC Energy of $63.6 million, customer growth of $12.3 million and an increased adjustment related to integrity management of $11.9 million. These increases were partially offset by a CUT adjustment of $34.3 million, decreased gas cost recoveries of $14.7 million and $14.8 million due to deferred revenues related to the Tax Act.
Gas purchased for resale increased at SCE&G due to increased sales volumes due to weather of $14.5 million, higher gas prices of $9.0 million, higher average use of $4.8 million and firm customer growth of $4.7 million. In addition to these factors, gas purchased for resale at the Company reflects increased sales volumes due to weather at PSNC Energy of $32.1 million and customer growth of $4.6 million. These increases were partially offset by decreased gas costs of $14.7 million and the effect of a CUT adjustment of $3.9 million.
Other operation and maintenance expenses increased primarily due to higher labor costs.
Residential, commercial and industrial sales volumes at the Company and Consolidated SCE&G increased due to the effects of weather and customer growth. Transportation volumes increased at the Company primarily due to a significant customer expansion and increased natural gas fired electric generation within PSNC Energy's territory.
Operating revenues decreased primarily due to the impact of adopting revenue recognition guidance (see Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data), whereby certain pass through charges are no longer classified as revenues. Net income increased due to the effects of weather.
Changes in other operating expenses are largely attributable to the electric operations and gas distribution segments and are addressed in those discussions. In addition, other operation and maintenance expense includes certain legal and other costs arising from the abandonment of the Nuclear Project and the merger with Dominion Energy. Increases in such costs at the Company totaled approximately $81.1 million (including $25.6 million attributable to Consolidated SCE&G). The increases attributable to Consolidated SCE&G are included in amounts described in electric operations.
Pursuant to regulatory orders, SCE&G recovers current pension expense through a rate rider (for retail electric operations) and through cost of service rates (for gas operations), and amortizes pension costs previously deferred in regulatory assets as further described in Note 2 and Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements. Amounts amortized were $2.0 million for retail electric operations and $1.0 million for gas operations for each period presented. Pursuant to regulatory orders, PSNC Energy recovers current pension expense through cost of service rates.
Other income at the Company and Consolidated SCE&G increased primarily due to the recognition of $113.7 million of gains realized upon the settlement of certain interest rate derivative contracts and $6.9 million of gains from land sales. The gains related to the settlement of interest rate derivative contracts were fully offset by downward adjustments to electric revenues pursuant to a previously received SCPSC order related to fuel cost recovery and, as such, had no effect on net income. These increases were partially offset by $10.9 million due to the absence of accrual of carrying costs on unrecovered Nuclear Project costs in 2018 and by $17.5 million due to lower carrying cost accrual on certain other deferred items. Other expense at the Company and Consolidated SCE&G decreased $2.9 million and $1.9 million, respectively, due to changes in non-service cost components of pension and other postretirement benefit expense recognized within other expense. At the Company, the decreases also include lower expenses related to other benefit programs. Equity AFC decreased primarily due to the abandonment of the Nuclear Project in 2017.
Interest charges increased primarily due to the issuance of long-term debt at SCE&G and PSNC Energy in 2018, the accrual of interest related to uncertain tax positions and lower debt AFC due to the abandonment of the Nuclear Project. These increases were partially offset by the repayment of long-term debt at GENCO with short-term borrowings at lower rates.
At the Company and Consolidated SCE&G, income tax benefit increased primarily due to higher losses before taxes as a result of the increased impairment loss recognized in 2018 and the effect of the electric rate change effective in the second quarter.
All financial instruments described in this section are held for purposes other than trading.
notional amounts, weighted average interest rates and related maturities. Fair values for debt represent quoted market prices. Interest rate swap agreements are valued using discounted cash flow models with independently sourced data.
While a decrease in interest rates would increase the fair value of debt, it is unlikely that events which would result in a realized loss will occur.
For further discussion of long-term debt and interest rate derivatives, see Note 5 and Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The following table provides information about the Company's financial instruments, which are limited to financial positions of Energy Marketing and PSNC Energy, that are sensitive to changes in natural gas prices. Weighted average settlement prices are per 10,000 MMBTU. Fair value represents quoted market prices.
The Company uses derivative instruments to hedge forward purchases and sales of natural gas, which create market risks of different types. See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
PSNC Energy utilizes futures, options and swaps to hedge gas purchasing activities. PSNC Energy's tariffs include a provision for the recovery of actual gas costs incurred. PSNC Energy defers premiums, transaction fees, margin requirements and any realized gains or losses from its hedging program for subsequent recovery from customers.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SCANA Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in common equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the Part IV at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 28, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
We have served as the Company's auditor since 1945.


text:
Q: Getting "Can not convert the given object to query." with ColdFusion ORM This is happening intermittently (usually at start up).  I get the above error message when executing the following code.
    var arr     = ORMExecuteQuery( "FROM priority WHERE active = 1 ORDER BY sortOrder" );
    var qry     = entityToQuery( arr );

The first line executes fine, but the second line blows up.  The solution is to run ormreload();
The problem keeps coming up in an unpredictable way though.  Even when no changes have been made to the beans or gateways that are using ORM.  Completely unpredictable and impossible to replicate on purpose.  Is there something else that can mess with the hibernate mappings that could cause this type of problem.
Other info that may be pertinent:

*

*This is a MURA plugin based on a recent version of FW/1.

*ormreload() is a persistent fix (until it fails again)

My current solution is to put ormreload() in the setupApplication() method of application.cfc
I just want to understand better what could be causing this problem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Joseba Aldamiz-Etxebarria Koskorrotza (Lequeitio, 16 de noviembre de 1920 – Flor de Acre, 24 de diciembre de 1966), también conocido como Padre José Aldamiz, fue un misionero y aviador vizcaíno.

Misiones
Tras convertirse en Sacerdote con los dominicos, marchó al Perú donde fue Vicario Provincial de la Orden. Allí reparó en las dificultades de comunicación de los indígenas, que sólo podían desplazarse a través del río. En esa época puso en marcha la emisora de radio "Madre de Dios" en Puerto Maldonado.

Aviación

Para poder llevar a los indígenas al hospital, Aldamiz-Etxebarria realizó un curso de piloto de aviación en 1960. Ya en posesión de la licencia, consiguió una avioneta "Cessna 695" a la que bautizó con el nombre de "Fray Martín de Porres". Con este vehículo comenzó a realizar transportes: mensajería, desplazamientos (estudiantes, enfermos...) o alimentos de primera necesidad a pequeños aeropuertos habilitados por los indígenas en las afueras de las poblaciones.

Muerte
El 24 de diciembre de 1966 partió desde el aeropuerto de Iberia hacia la misión de Puerto Esperanza; transportaba a cuatro niñas de la zona del río Purús que iban a pasar las vacaciones de Navidad con sus familias. El motor comenzó a fallar y Aldamiz-Etxebarria, al ver que iban a estrellarse, administró la absolución a sus pasajeras. El impacto sobrevino en un bosque de Flor de Acre, salvándose dos de las niñas y falleciendo las otras dos junto con el propio Aldamiz-Etxebarria.

Homenajes

En su villa natal de Lequeitio se le dio su nombre a un barrio de nueva construcción sobre la colina de Armintxe. En él se erigió un monolito en 1968, siendo alcalde Antonio Moral Etxebarrieta, con un letrero en vascuence que reza: "Egazkin-gizon zinan/ Peruko zeruan/ Kristogaitik bizia / emon zenduan. 1966-XII-24. Aita Joseba Aldamiz-Etxebarriari Lekeitio'ko erriak. 1968-III-19". ("Fuiste aviador / en el cielo de Perú / diste tu vida / por Cristo. 24-XII-1966-XII-24. Al Padre Joseba Aldamiz-Etxebarria, el pueblo de Lequeitio. 19-III-1968").
 En Perú, el Presidente de la República le nombró "Guerrero de la Paz", y desde entonces el Aeropuerto Internacional de Puerto Maldonado (Madre de Dios) lleva su nombre.

Referencias

Nacidos en 1920
Fallecidos en 1966
Dominicos de España del siglo XX
Hombres
Dominicos de Perú
Nacidos en Lequeitio


Starting off this set of reviews is a solid Death Metal release from Vomiting Corpses. After a brief intro that sounds like some sort of new age whale song nonsense, things descend into chaos really fast. Aside from the obligatory profusion of tremolo picked riffs and blast beats, there is plenty of variation to be found here. Many of the songs follow a linear progression as opposed to the standard abacab format. Those with the ear for this type of music will also find lots of dark, melodic bits and the odd use of counterpoint. The production is clear, allowing every instrument to be heard in the mix as well as letting nuances come through. This is especially prevalent on the drum track. Double strokes and buzzes all sound clear and accent strokes can be clearly differentiated. The vocals are also clear and intelligible (relatively speaking, of course).
"To Hold a Sabre" starts off with some spoken word nonsense in what sounds like a Dracula voice through echo. The riffing is decent, but the vocals are all over the place veering from a tuneless pseudo-operatic delivery to something that sounds like Paul Stanley doing power metal to a death growl. The drum work is respectable with the fills featuring a seamless interplay between the kick drums and tom toms. "Bloodrush" is a mid tempo Power Metal affair sort of in the vein of Iced Earth. The clean vocals are delivered much better this time around, but I feel the song could have gained a little something from losing the death growls. "Paradigm" lost its build on some memorable riffing, but lapses into a sort of vocal overkill. There doesn't seem to be any point at which some type of vocal isn't being delivered. What's worse is the constant shifting between Power Metal vocals and death growls. "The Magician's Birthday" is a weighty 8:02 and starts with some light, arpeggiated, acoustic work. During this stripped down section, the vocalist's limitations really show. Thankfully, it doesn't last very long. Some of the riffing from the first double time section sounds reused from the previous song. Short solo interludes showcase some fluid, articulate legato figures. Unfortunately, the production does the drums a disservice by seemingly sucking any nuance out of the performance. This is especially evident during some of the busier snare figures during the latter half of the song which, while well executed, sound flat. The title track is an incredibly mixed bag. It is particularly strong during the bits where it is attempting melodic Death Metal, but falls lifeless during the more traditional parts. "There is no Tomorrow" is possibly the album's strongest track. A locked in Prog/Power Metal affair that sounds along the line of early Evergrey. "Where the Ashes Fell" is a dark, brutal Power Metal song that finally finds the band's dual vocal arrangement working. The first solo seems a little out of place over the slower clean section. "Vengeance" leans on slower tempos and a light triplet feel. The death growls are kept to a minimum and it works to the song's advantage. After a chaotic, thrashy intro, "Until We Expire" settles into an arpeggiated clean section before transitioning into a "groovy" mid tempo section and a finally a double time verse. It's a well put together intro and the band don't miss a step. The guitar solo is a little sketchy, but the dual lead that follows is catchy and cleanly played. The album closes off with "Mother;" another track of substantial length. With its mellow acoustic guitars, and occasional ringing, distorted power chords, it is unquestionably the obligatory metal ballad. It's not a badly written track, but the near 9 minute run time causes it to suffer somewhat. On the whole, an interesting album that makes a valiant, if sometimes awkward attempt to meld the pomposity of Power Metal with the brutality and technical prowess of Death Metal. The band seem to do best when they keep the song lengths down a bit.
An album of few notes can best be summed up in a review of few words. This sophomore release by French Grindcore duo Warfuck is at equal parts unsettling and catchy. The riffing often times leans more heavily toward the punk side of things than the Death Metal side of things. And the voice… I don't know what the hell they were doing to that guy during the recording, but he may want to go have himself checked out for testicular torsion. To put it succinctly, Neantification is a quick and often times fun listen.
This self-titled debut album comes to us from Mexico. This tongue twister of a self-titled debut consists of 9 tracks, each structured as sort of a mini epic. Structurally, the songs lean heavily on the linear style of arrangement. Each track consists of multiple themes that segue seamlessly into one another with few of them (if any) repeating. While the instrumentation and delivery is somewhat chaotic and primitive, the arrangements lend the songs a certain amount of density and bombast. The riffs lean heavily on tremolo picked figures played in a relatively high register, often in quick triplet rhythms, lending this Death Metal act somewhat of a Black Metal feel. Especially given the prevalence of 3/4 and 6/8 rhythms on the disc. While the snare drum and bass drums have a tendency to sound sort of artificial, the actual drumming is incredibly precise and definitely stands out as a positive feature. The vocals are delivered in a sort of middle range shrieking growl with a Latin-American accent, almost reminiscent of Max Cavalera in his prime. All of this leads to a concoction that is highly enjoyable and more than worth a listen.
Up next is an album/demo reissue by a Dutch Doom/Death Metal band named after a congenital defect of the spinal cord. What the hell is that? Is someone scratching a chalkboard? Now we've got what sounds kind of like someone hitting a stringed instrument with drum sticks. Oh right, it's an intro. "Witchfire" is a slow, chunky affair reminiscent of the sound of early 90s sludge metal. "Reverse," while still a sludgy, plodding tempo, has a bit more of a groove to it. There's some solo work about two minutes in, unfortunately it's practically buried under the rhythm guitar. "Purest Queen" is a lumbering behemoth of layered guitars set over a half-time groove. There's not much variation in the song, but at only 4:30, that doesn't really become a problem. Clocking in at almost 6 minutes is the lumbering mini epic that is "individual." With a strong groove and plenty of riff variations, both slight and drastic, it does much to keep the listener's attention. "Aimless" milks a single heavy riff for the entire duration. It's not necessarily a bad song, but it's not exactly memorable. "Gotterdammerung" is an airy number build around thick, ringing power chords. I can't help but feel it would have benefited from the drums being a little bigger. "Verdict" has a moderately progressive arrangement that features a couple of tempo shifts. Everything flows cohesively, making it (to the ears of this reviewer) possibly the strongest track on the album. The band end things on a fast (by Doom Metal standards) note with "Die." A good track for the most part, but the guitar sounds a little out of tune. "Outro" ends things with the reappearance of the strange theme that sounds like somebody playing a stringed instrument with drumsticks. What follows the outro are some demo tracks of "Witchfire," "Verdict," "Die," and "Purest Queen." I'm not going to bother reviewing them as they're essentially the same as the album tracks with only some minor differences and poor production. On the whole, this is a good release which could benefit from better production. Particularly where the drums are concerned. There are songs on this album that are screaming out for a big, bottom heavy snare drum, and a sub woofing Cozy Powell-like bass drum sound.
This "atmospheric" Black Metal release starts off in disappointment with the first track featuring an odd segue from a boring sound collage backed by a mid paced groove into something that sounds like Rammstein attempting to do Black Metal. The middle section of the song features some further attempts at being atmospheric and brooding, but just comes across as corny. Everything, from guitar to voice, is run through so many effects that it reminds one of that friend you had at 13 who started playing guitar and had to have every effects pedal in his chain active at all times. The second track starts off decently enough with a lively 12/8 figure. Some nice staccato figures come in between the first and second verse and then occasionally drift in and out behind the melody line. Track three starts with an ear-pleasing mid tempo instrumental section, before making a segue (albeit somewhat awkwardly) into a bombastic wall of reverb drenched guitars. Unfortunately, it drags somewhat during the middle section. The band would have done well to make this bit a little shorter. Aside from an odd bit in the middle that sounds like a monk chant over a clean guitar and a piano, the fourth (and self-titled) track maintains a bit of heaviness and shifts throughout and features a few rhythm shifts. The final track wastes its first minute with a sound reminiscent of Darth Vader trying to sneak up on someone in a back alley. In its heavier moments, the song showcases some nice wall of sound-like bits, as well as some occasionally technical riffing and some quick, clean drumming. There's even a pretty good bass solo for those of you who are into that sort of thing.


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The 1st team fixtures for the 17/18 season are now uploaded!
Although football has been played in Bovey since the late 1890's the present club was formed about 1950 by the merger of Bovey Town and Bovey St Johns who played at the Recreation Ground. This merger was much the work of Frank French, who was at the time the local policeman.
The earliest documented game was on the 11 November 1899, when Bovey entertained Torquay United for a friendly in what was Torquays 1st season. The game was, referred by a local man, who apparently made a series of debatable decisions in Bovey's favour. Bovey took the lead from a dubious penalty and, when Torquay equalised a minute from the end, the referee promptly played 20 minutes of injury time, then awarded another controversial penalty and blew the final whistle as soon as Bovey had scored.
Rivalry with Torquay United extended in to the early 1900's when there Reserves were playing Bovey St Johns at Bovey Tracey. The Bovey team were out to win the Torquay & District League (South Devon League) and deliberately prepared a "hard ground". The surface was like an iron! An hour before the kick off a Torquay player had a brain wave, and visited the local boot and shoe dealer. Eleven pairs of plimsoles were bought and the Torquay team won comfortably. The game gained national press as it was Bovey's first defeat of the season.
Bovey's greatest success to date was winning the local Herald Cup in 1960/61 under the guidance of Don Welsh, the ex England, Torquay United and Charlton Athletic wing half, who at the time was the landlord of the Cromwell Arms. Bovey have also appeared in this final, on 4 other occasions in 1931/32, 1938/39, 1993/94 and 2003/04 all ending in defeat.
In 1979 the football club made there biggest purchase to date with the purchase of land at Mill Marsh Park (our current ground), however part of this land was sold under a compulsory purchase order in 1984 to assist in the construction of the "Bovey Bypass".
The 2006/07 season was a great success winning the Belli Cup, Runners up in the Premier Division and Semi finalists in both the Herald Cup and Devon Premier Cup. The 2007/08 season saw Boveys' greatest success to date, in retainning the Belli Cup, winning the South Devon Premier League title, and ultimately promotion to the South West Peninsula League. Both of these seasons saw the team under the guidance of a management team of Cyril Gosling, Lee Dorsett and Andrew Paddon.
3 Senior, 7 youth and 4 mini soccer. This is also now our second season with use of our new facilities here at the renamed Western Counties Roofing Ground.
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