When shopping for a cell phone, consider the features that you really need. Phones offer a lot of features in today's market, including Internet access, cameras and the ability to perform various apps. While all of these features are nice, it might not be worth paying for the most expensive phone if you won't use them. Think carefully before making your final selection.
It's likely that your cell phone is used multiple times daily. However, you should be sure you shut it off from time to time. Treat your cell phone like a computer. By restarting it, you free up memory and keep your device running smoothly. You should see a major difference with your phone if you turn it off occasionally.
Is your battery dying quickly? If it does, you might find that your signal is weak. Having a weak cell phone signal can actually drain your battery. Remember to turn your phone off when you aren't using it, especially in an area with a weak signal.
Give your phone a reboot every one or two days. As you are constantly using features on your phone such as apps, email and browsers, your phone is storing cached information. Much of this data is unnecessary and can be purged through a reboot. This will free up system resources and clear potential glitches.
Utilize the voice to text feature on your phone to save time and be safe on the road. This will allow you to convert the words that you say to a text message instantaneously. If you do not have this feature on your smartphone, you can add software like ReQall which will employ it.
Consider cell phone plans that give you a decent amount of data per month. These days, cell phone users use data more than talk minutes. In fact a lot of carriers give away a ton of talk minutes, but charge you a premium on the data you use. Look for the best bang for the buck when it comes to data.
There is reason to believe that the radiation produced by cell phones could cause brain tumors and other health problems. While there is no direct proof that this is true, it is better to be safe than sorry. Whenever you can, put your phone on speaker or plug a headset into it.
Access the hidden battery power of your cell phone. You should start with a phone that has weak battery life. Try dialing *3370#. This can cause your phone to restart. You should see a 50% increase in your battery. It is ready to use, and the next time you charge your phone, it should get charged, too.
Digital Pictures is making its way in the globe of photography as the normal individuals are crazy about the new designs that strike the news every time. Let's get close to the features of these 5 entry degree DSLR cameras. The cameras are compared on some of their properties like the capturing modes, aperture control, metering modes, white balance manage.
The catch is you'll want to look for a location that gives reviews Canon EOS Utility in a way which is not only a summary of a cameras specs.So what on earth must everyone do?
When it arrives to price, it's a great deal more high priced than the 18-200mm. For those who are attempting to find a investing spending budget super zoom lens, the Tamron eighteen-200mm lens carries on to be the top solution.
Design and construction as the Nikon D90, the EOS Utility Instruction Manual digital camera XSi nicely constructed. The XSi is all black in color and measures three.eight x five.one x 2.4 inches (HWD) without lens. The weight is remarkably mild, only 475 (just over one pound). If your digital camera alongside to take some pictures, you will discover is a somewhat cumbersome digital camera. Nevertheless, this is not a problem if you have a good digital camera bag. I truly like the distinct show of the XSi, which is bigger than the prior designs, and 3 inches with 230,000 pixels.
FF: Well, Shetland people are remote, with their own traditions, a language which is a combination of English, Norse and Pict way of life.their landscapes are beautiful and their culture has been preserved via hundreds of years due to their relative isolation and above all, very restricted tourism, as far as I could see. I went there back again Canon EOS Camera in 2003 and it was an unforgettable encounter.
Tripod – This is a simple 1. Make sure you have a tripod! Any design truly will do, but make sure that it's rated to handle the excess weight of what ever equipment you place on leading of it. Get 1 with powerful, durable legs so that if it's tripped more than throughout your event, you don't lose the investment you produced in your digital camera. And really, it doesn't make feeling to put $700 of digital camera equipment on top of a $20 tripod! We prefer to adhere to Manfrotto tripods, but we've experienced fairly good outcomes with other designs as well.
Each Canon EOS digital camera is designed to function with other components of the Canon EOS DSLR Method. This includes an in depth line of Canon EF and EF-S mount lenses, as nicely as a number of models of external flash units and macro flash models. The Canon EOS Digital camera Method is the most complete line-up of DSLR digital camera bodies in existence these days.
No smartphone is more iconic than the Apple iPhone. If you are like most, you have thought at least once about owning one as your next phone. To learn how to get the best situation out of your iPhone, keep reading into the following paragraphs for some tips on Apple iPhones.
In order to take advantage of the iPhone's ability to make your life easier, be sure to investigate applications that utilize GPS technology to provide you with the locations of nearby gas stations, grocery stores and restaurants. Doing so will help you save time on all of your errands no matter where you happen to be.
Use the headphone cord to help you take pictures. It can be difficult to take a picture that is in focus if you are pushing a button that is on the actual phone. Instead, push the cord's button; the slight movement will not affect your iPhone at all, allowing you to take a crisp, clear photograph.
You can facilitate web browsing using your iPhone by increasing the size of your keyboard. You do not have to purchase a larger keyboard for this to happen. Put the iPhone to the side and in Safari, tap on the address bar. Your keyboard is larger and easier to use for fast and efficient typing.
There are some great educational apps for children available if you have an iphone. There are also some great games to entertain your children, and some of the games are also educational. If your child needs extra help with math, reading or science, check out which apps are available for his age and grade level.
If you use your iPhone as a listening device for your favorite mp3s, use this trick. To randomly shuffle to another song, simply shake the phone gently with a flick of your wrist. This is perfect for those who prefer to listen but don't want to stop and take the time to select another song.
Certain iPhones can be set up to connect to Wi-Fi, although some setup is required. The benefits of the connectivity is obvious, because you can access the internet away from home with your iPhone. This a great advantage to business people because they can check their messages while they are away from their office.
If you are thinking it is time for a new phone, than an Apple iPhone is likely something you are at least hoping for. Review what you have read in this article for ideas on how to get the very most you can out of this wonderful piece of technology.
Whatever your photographic style of choice is, there is usually admiration for candid photography. Candid pictures is the art of catching individuals unawares in a photo. It doesn't have to mean capturing them during a slapstick moment of falling more than in the snow or something like that, it just indicates capturing individuals at their most all-natural. There is always a place for a nicely composed photograph with time taken over how the subject poses and smiles for the camera. For me that can never beat the capture of people slipping about laughing at a joke or marveling at a sporting event. Here are six suggestions to taking great candid photographs.
Just just like the out-of-date model, I located the autofocus swiftly but a little around the noisy aspect. All via the evaluation, I arrive across it truly hard to photograph discreetly. Also, the smaller aperture in the telephoto conclude can make the autofocus hunt in extremely low light. There exists a straightforward alternative for this: alter to manual concentrate. It'll get time to acquire utilized to, however it will most likely be well really worth the energy.
When you believe about which is the very best electronic SLR camera, you must compare and see what the cameras have to offer and what the price is compared to other cameras of the same quality. Consider two cameras from different price ranges and evaluate what every digital camera has compared to the other. For occasion, the Nikon D40 with an 18-fifty five mm lens and the Canon eos 400D Rebel XTi with an 18-55mm lens will make a good comparison. The Nikon has six.24 megapixels and the Canon has ten.five megapixels. So far, the cameras are similar for lenses, but not for megapixels.
Cameta Camera has canon software Rebel T4i Electronic SLR Camera Physique & EF-S eighteen-55mm IS II Lens with 55-250mm IS Lens + 32GB Card + Tripod + Battery + Backpack + Filters + 2 Lenses Package for $899.95. Shipping is totally free.
Below is an canon eos utility real job interview which I've lately experienced with him. Fabrizio, took me voyaging throughout the globe in his numerous encounters, sharing wonderful tourist insights as nicely as his own photographic viewpoint.
I'll be taking a severe look at this digital camera. It has the exact same look a really feel as the 500D as Canon does not make significant cosmetic changes very effortlessly. All the controls are basically in the same locations and by upgrading you don't need to learn a whole new series of positions.
Finally, the Canon EOS Digital Rebel XTi EOS SLR Digital camera provides you with a nine-point Automobile Concentrate system. This allows you to be in a position to focus quickly what ever you are capturing.
It may have happened with you many a occasions that when you attempted to print some documents from your Epson Printer, the print came out fuzzy and striated. This kind of a situation clearly reflects that now you need to change the toner cartridge of your printer.
The new president of Curtis without clarification canceled the burster/trimmer venture, and the hand held trimmer as well. They experienced offered 27,000 of the hand held trimmers.
In the event that some thing does happened to the printer, say it will get dropped or even drinking water spilled on to it, it is extremely important for you to contact the Epson get in touch with centre to get it examined by a professional technician. It is not suggested that you attempt to service this your self because you do not truly know the internal workings of the Epson Aculaser driver and might nicely invalidate the real guarantee on the device ought to you choose to attempt to service it your self.
Now take a paper towel and soak this in liquor. Good example is isopropyl liquor. Now if you maintain it in your printer to a location on the Epson print head moves. Right here it then moves the print head and leaves him for a while on the cloth. Then you can eliminate the fabric and carry out regular cleansing 1 to two occasions.
Cash for Critters is an simple and quick way to increase money for animal rescue organizations. Your organization will be gathering used ink jet cartridges, laser printer cartridges, and electronic cell phones. Your business will receive up to $4 for each ink jet cartridge, up to $5 for each electronic mobile telephone, and up to $15 per laser printer cartridge. Numerous kinds of companies can be a part of (both nonprofit and for revenue), including: animal rescue teams, animal rights groups, animal welfare teams, animal protection companies, and animal shelters. The plan tends to make it extremely easy for your business to raise money.
Also a noteworthy characteristic of the Epson WorkForce 610 is noticed via its printout. With the aid of the DURABrite Extremely Ink system, your documents and pictures will be printed smudge-totally free. It resists water and it does not fade no matter how lengthy you have kept your files.
HP Photosmart Premium FAX AIO. This is the initial ever printer certified by the Electronic Residing Community Alliance or DLNA. It allows customers to print wirelessly from any special device or media like the PlayStation three.
Why not get that low cost on your Epson inkjet cartridges today. You don't have to wait for a sale. You have nothing to loose. Just keep in mind to usually buy your inkjet cartridges from a reputable business. At a minimum, you ought to get a one-year guarantee on your Epson inkjet cartridges. You ought to get a 100%twenty five money back again guarantee. Your inkjet cartridges ought to normally ship the same working day. The company will usually spend for shipping. Just think, no lines, no high prices. only high quality Epson inkjet cartridges at daily discount costs.
What are you looking for in your new desktop computer? How much money can you reasonably spend on thispurchase ? Is the brand, colors or style of the desktop computer important to you? These are all important factors you need to think about when shopping for your new computer. Keep reading for some tips on finding exactly what you need.
You should always have antivirus software running. Without it, a virus may harm your operating system. The malware can steal your personal information and make your machine very sluggish. You can use these programs to automatically scan and repair any issues that your computer is having.
If you are concerned with your computer's speed, then start things off with a boot check. Go to start, then run "ms config". From this menu, look at what programs start when the machine boots. Stop programs that you aren't using from launching at start-up. This will make the system run faster.
Take an audit of your uses for a desktop computer before buying one. This is important so that you can really understand how much power you really need. More power means more money. If super powerful desktop won't be of any real use to you, why shell out the additional funds?
When purchasing a desktop, don't only think of your needs today, think about your future needs too. You'll likely have this desktop for multiple years, so if you're thinking about getting into photography or video work, you'll want to get a computer that'll handle your future work. It's more of an investment up front, but it will save you from buying another computer too soon after this purchase.
If you favor a certain brand of desktop news, do your research on it and stay current with upcoming releases. The last thing you want to do is buy a new computer from the bran only to have a new release that you want come out not too long after it. Staying current, doing research, and waiting can land you some great deals with certain brands of desktops.
If you want to extend the life of your potential desktop computer, make sure you choose one that is upgradeable. There are more than a few desktops these days that seal access to the inner workings of the machine. That means no ability to upgrade. Check that you've got access prior to buying.
As you select your desktop computer, pay attention to the sorts of software that are included, particularly if you need a word processing package. You need to be aware of whether or not you will receive a complete version of such software, or if you will just get a trial version that will require you to spend additional money later on.
Whether you need your computer for personal or business use, it is important that you choose the right machine for your needs. Doing the proper research and considering your options is the best way to find the perfect desktop computer for you. Use the advice and take care while shopping for the best computer shopping experience.
The Encompass guarantees that it is a HTC smart telephone with its high quality building and suitable look. The telephone measures four.7 inches in length, wide by 2.four inches and is thick by .5 inch. The phone weighs about five.eighty two ounces which is almost 2 ounces much more than the Samsung Focus. The phone is very hefty but we have the benefit of getting a solid feel in hand. Its top quality design is also improved with the gentle touch end at the corners.
With the logitech USB Headset H530, we just plugged the USB twine into our Computer and tested it using numerous mediums. We performed an MP3 to test how songs sounds coming through the headset, we performed a film and we also produced a couple of VOIP phone calls. This check helped us figure out that, remarkably, the logitech driver mouse USB Headset H530 sounds amazingly distinct and crisp. Songs and movies audio fantastic and our voices even sounded great on every of our Web phone calls.
To update, roll back again or uninstall your mouse driver in Home windows XP, you can go into Begin – Manage Panel – System – Components – Device Manager, double click Mice and other pointing gadgets, correct-click the pointing device in the checklist and select Driver, and then you will see the choices you want to select.
The other features you will discover in this keyboard is the back again light on the keyboards that help you see better in the darkish logitech mouse when you are typing. Can a normal keyboard do that for you.
Right-click on the NVIDIA card, click on Uninstall. If prompted, enter your admin password and confirm the motion. When carried out, right-click on once more anyplace on the blank space in Gadget Manager and choose Scan for hardware modifications. The graphics card will automatically be set up now. When done, exit Gadget Supervisor and check back. Your mouse pointer should work fine now and ought to not vanish. You can also install the correct drivers using your device's original set up disk.
Of course, that is not the top function. For me, I like the Trackball technologies. The trackball technology allows you to use this mouse anyplace, whether you have a flat surface or even a mouse pad. That is the coolest thing about this latest mouse, you use your thumb to manage the cursor.
There's no hurry, study, check its prices, verify critiques, what accessories does it comes with, warranty and then proceed to buy that gaming logitech gadget. Shop intelligent!


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text:
Q: Create directory recursively if it does not exist? I want to write to a file:
fs.writeFile(`${path}/${filename}`, body, err => {
    if (err) throw err
});

Before I can write a want to make sure that the directory exists so that fs.writeFile does not throw an error
fs.mkdir(path, { recursive: true }, (err) => {
    if (err) throw err
});

But now fs.mkdir will throw an error if the directory does not exists.
Which leads to my question.
How can I asynchronously write to a file and create folders recursively if they do not exist, yet throw no error if they do exits?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Closed Captioning: History and New Laws
Ryan Salazar
Closed captioning (CC) laws are changing! Will they affect you? Learn more here as we explore the new regulations on CC and how you can make sure your content is up to current standards. In the meantime, learn a bit about the history of CC from our friend Ryan Salazar from:
History of Closed Captioning
Closed Captioning (or "CC" as it's widely known) is a useful idea that took a surprisingly long time to come about. The passage of two acts in the early 90's marked the legal 'birth' of required CC: the first of the two acts was the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990, followed by The Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990 (TDCA) in 1991 (Ah, the speed of government). Technology that allowed CC to be possible had appeared well before the early 90's but until then it was not 'officially' required.
CC provides a visual medium for audio signals allowing the deaf or hard of hearing full access to the audio content of combined audio & visual transitions. While some consider them subtitles, the US and Canada are the only advanced nations that have a standard distinction between subtitles and CC. Subtitles in North America are the visual translation (typically in English) of a foreign language, whereas CC is a visual translation of all sound (again with the language printed typically being in English) that also includes a basic description of non-verbal sounds (and language) amid the CC text.
This additional description includes things like a description of sound effects (like 'loud whistle' or 'dog growls'), or music (like 'dramatic theme song' or 'happy tune'), or sometimes the identity and/or tone of a speaker (like 'menacing tone' or 'the lawyer says…'). Subtitles were always included (i.e., the captions were 'open') on film or a television show where translation would be needed (until much more recent technology allowed newer films and/or shows the option of turning the subtitles on or off or even changing the language of the subtitles). CC, however, has always been optional; the additional text could be activated as desired.
1970 saw the introduction by the National Bureau of Standards of a technology designed to add precision timing information to a standard television signal. The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) assisted them with this endeavor. While the original intent of the project didn't work as planned, engineers at ABC proposed that captions could be sent in place of the timing information. The first demonstration of CC technology took place in Nashville a year later at the First National Conference on Television for the Hearing Impaired.
A second demonstration was held in 1972 at Gallaudet University (the oldest school for the deaf in the US), where ABC presented for them an episode of the "Mod Squad" that had a CC signal embedded in the show. CC was initially made possible via a signal hidden in line 21 of the vertical blanking interval (VBI); a decoder was required to access this signal in a usable form. The following year an encoded broadcast was successfully transmitted from the PBS station WETA. In light of this developing technology and its potential uses, the FCC designated that line 21 of the VBI was hereafter reserved for CC transmissions.
In 1979, the National Captioning Institute (NCI) was formed with the co-operation of the television networks. NCI provides television access for the deaf community (and recently has also begun to help with media access for those that have English as a second language). In 1980 regular scheduled use of CC began. A Telecaption adapter was developed and sold by Sears in 1980. This decoding unit could be attached to a standard television set to allow access the CC program content embedded in line 21 of the VBI.
Two years later, the NCI developed the capacity to caption live broadcasts with only a 2-3 second lag between the broadcast and its translation and printing thru the CC system. In 1986 the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was given an overhaul, and Section 508 was added to the act. This section dealt specifically with the technological requirements to accommodate those people with sensory disabilities.
At the start of the 90's the main provider of CC translator boxes had switched to Sanyo Electric's set-top box which was marketed thru The NCI. With the passage of the ADA in 1990 and the TDCA in 1991, the evolution of CC continued. As part of the TDCA, all analog televisions with screens of 13" or greater made after 1993 were required to be CC accessible by the middle of that year; from that point forward, access to new CC enabled devices can be preformed quite simply thru devices like a televisions remote control (often with the touch of just one button).
In 1998, section 508 (which had been added in 1986) of 1973's Rehabilitation Act was amended yet again – this time, setting the web accessibility standards for nationwide compliance with the usage of CC. New regulations established by this revision require all non-exempt television programs be transmitted with CC available for that content by the beginning of 2006.
An FCC study in 2009 showed that the deaf and hard-of-hearing communities were still underrepresented in their worldwide web usage. This 2009 study lead to the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act (CVAA) of 2010 the act has 2 sections. The first section deals with making broadband fully accessible to people with disabilities. The second section deals in part with the CC requirements of video programming on television and the Internet, as well as access to emergency information and 911 services.
In early 2014, the FCC began to address the quality of CC broadcasts including accuracy, and thoroughness as well as timing and placement. Closed Captioning remains a great boon for the deaf and hard-of-hearing communities, as well as for those viewing televised media audio intensive environments.
By: Ryan Salazar of Broadcast Beat Magazine
Thanks again to Ryan Salazar from Broadcast Beat Magazine, and don't forget to check out our whitepaper on the new captioning Laws. Don't get left behind!
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Next PostClosed Captioning: An Expert's Take
Frank Lowney
June 17, 2014 at 8:54 am 9 years ago
A follow-up to this describing the current state of the captioning/subtitling art would be most welcome. Now that television is digital, Line 21 is irrelevant, no? So what might that mean? The distinction between captions and subtitles seems pedantic today with subtitles on DVD and BluRay doing everything that was formerly reserved to CC. And that CC logo is almost as archaic as those who still use a floppy disk icon to indicate Save! Can we look forward to a unified approach to video accessibility? In addition to the hearing impaired, shouldn't we also be looking out for the visually impaired with alternate audio tracks? And what about the web? The W3C has "out-of-band" and "in-band" approaches to those additional tracks that help folks with disabilities and I see that Safari has begun to support internal (in-band) subtitles and alternate audio tracks in its native HTML 5 video controller. Should chapter markers in a chapter track be a part of this accessibility discussion? I'd say yes because there are people with learning disabilities who need to be able to revisit conceptually difficult sections over and over.
Pingback: Ryan Salazar Talks About Closed Captioning and Changing Laws… | Broadcast Beat Magazine: 2014 IBC and NAB Show News - Broadcast Engineering News and TV / Radio Technology Resource for the Broadcast Engineering, Motion Picture and Post Production com
Pingback: Closed Captioning: History and New Laws | Broadcast Beat Magazine: 2014 IBC and NAB Show News - Broadcast Engineering News and TV / Radio Technology Resource for Broadcast Engineering, Motion Picture and Post Production. IBC 2014, CCW and NAB Show News.
As hearing loss becomes a greater concern for even for young people, companies like Audicus are providing a more progressive way to ensure you'll have access to the technology in a fashionable way. Check out their blog post regarding closed captioning here: http://bit.ly/1AQ3Lh6 as well as the products featured on their site: http://t.co/45TBiKkRBQ

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


SSouth Africa is amazing from coast to coast, but sometimes you just have to venture a little further out to sea, to appreciate more of the beauty that this country has to offer. Lying just off the coast of Port Elizabeth, you'll find a scattered constellation of tiny islands called The Bird Island Group Marine Protected Area.
Why Bird Island? These islands are a critical habitat for the sadly endangered African penguins and Cape gannets. Obviously you can't waltz onto the island like you own the place, but it is an amazing place to cruise along on a boat, especially for you bird (and shark) lovers out there.
They may not be large – some are not much more than glorified rocky surfaces poking out of the sea – but they are home to South Africa's greatest colonies of Cape gannets, African penguins, roseate terns, Antarctic terns and kelp gulls.
As Addo Elephant National Park has expanded seawards, these islands have come under the protective wing of South African National Parks.
TThere is a lighthouse on Bird Island, and the birds are used to humans coming and going.
TThe islands are also classified as Important Bird Areas and with good reason. The gannet and penguin populations in the country are particularly dependent on these pieces of land.
SSwimming below the surface of the surrounding ocean are Great White sharks that prey on the many seals living on a little island called Black Rocks. Sticking with the ocean, there are also many species of whales mulling around the area including the glorious Southern Right whales.
Other whales that are somewhat less flamboyant than the lolling, breaching, lob-tailing Southern Rights include the speedy Bryde's whales and singing Humpbacks heading north on an annual migration between May and November.
If you go out on a boat cruise in and around the islands, be sure to keep a lookout for Bottlenose dolphins and other species of dolphins as well. Basically, if you love nature of the marine variety, you'll be right at home here!
TThe protection given by declaring a no-fishing zone in part of the Bird Island Group Marine Protected Area resulted in a resurgence of certain fish stocks. And the immediate beneficiaries were the penguins, who didn't have to swim so far to find sardines and anchovies.
Going on a boat cruise is the only way of really appreciating these islands, since they're not really places tourists can land and explore. No diving is really allowed here either what with the heavy Great White shark presence in the area. Nobody wants to be on a shark's dinner menu.
Next time you're in the Eastern Cape, take a trip to the Bird Island Group Marine Protected Area. Let nature reveal its beauty and inspire you to always help protect her.
The little town of Hogsback has become an arts and crafts colony, a photographer's preferred location, a nature lover's haunt and a honeymoon couple's top choice of romantic hideaways in the Eastern Cape.
If you're looking for the complete coastal forest experience, Tsitsikamma, in the Eastern Cape has to be on the top of your list.


text:
[Full Changelog](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/compare/0.0.1...0.0.2)

**Closed issues:**

- Fulfil the open-source checklist [\#11](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/11)

**Merged pull requests:**

- Fixed trails:trails/1 and trails\_handler callback spec. [\#39](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/39) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

- Fixed metadata type, now is trails:metadata/1. [\#38](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/38) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

## [0.0.1](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/tree/0.0.1) (2015-07-24)

**Fixed bugs:**

- Ensure store/1 can receive Cowboy's  \[route\_path\(\)\] [\#29](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/29)

- Ensure that the order how list of trails comes when call `trails:store/1` be the same when call `trails:all/0`. [\#28](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/28)

**Closed issues:**

- Add rebar support [\#26](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/26)

- Example application with Cowboy-Trails [\#24](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/24)

- deps should use https not git [\#21](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/21)

- Add a method field to trails [\#10](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/10)

- persistence [\#9](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/9)

- Add optional metadata to trail\(\). [\#8](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/8)

- trails:trails/1 [\#7](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/7)

- trails:trail/3,4 [\#6](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/6)

- trails:single\_host\_compile [\#5](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/5)

- Basic trails implementation [\#4](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/4)

- Base app structure [\#3](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/issues/3)

**Merged pull requests:**

- Version Bump. [\#37](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/37) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

- Added edoc to describe modules. [\#36](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/36) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

- Fixed edoc. [\#35](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/35) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

- Added edoc to trails module. [\#34](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/34) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

- Cabol.add readme [\#33](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/33) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

- Add sort by id implementation in trails.erl [\#32](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/32) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

-  store/1 can receive Cowboy's \[route\_path\(\)\]  [\#31](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/31) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- Add rebar.config file [\#30](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/30) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- Example of Cowboy Trails Application [\#25](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/25) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- Cabol.9.persistence [\#23](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/23) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

- \[\#21\] Changed elvis.config to use https instead of  in Makefile deps [\#22](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/22) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- Add a method field to trails [\#20](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/20) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- \[\#8\] Add metadata parameter to trails [\#18](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/18) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- Cabol.7.implement function trails [\#17](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/17) ([cabol](https://github.com/cabol))

- \[\#6\] trails:trail/2,3,4 implementation with tests [\#16](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/16) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- \[\#5\] Add trails:single\_host\_compile\(\) and theirs tests [\#15](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/15) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- Basic trails router implementation [\#14](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/14) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- Test fixes [\#13](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/13) ([elbrujohalcon](https://github.com/elbrujohalcon))

- Base trails app structure [\#12](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/12) ([davecaos](https://github.com/davecaos))

- waffle.io Badge [\#2](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/2) ([waffle-iron](https://github.com/waffle-iron))

- Update LICENSE [\#1](https://github.com/inaka/cowboy-trails/pull/1) ([elbrujohalcon](https://github.com/elbrujohalcon))

\* *This Change Log was automatically generated by [github_changelog_generator](https://github.com/skywinder/Github-Changelog-Generator)*

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
NC Dinos holds up "Execution Sword" upon conquering Korean Series for the first time
The KBO champion NC Dinos captain and catcher Yang Eui-ji hoists the "Execution Sword," a replica of the most powerful item of NCSoft`s mega hit game Lineage. The Dinos is owned by NCSoft. [Photo by Yonhap]
NC Dinos won its first Korean Series championship trophy since it joined the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) League in 2013 by beating Doosan Bears 4-2 in Game 6 on Tuesday night at Gocheok Sky Dome in Seoul.
The victory came after it achieved its first-ever KBO regular season championship last month with 83 wins, six ties and 55 losses.
The Dinos captain and catcher Yang Eui-ji, who had run for the Bears until 2018, won the Korean Series MVP by receiving 36 votes out of 80 from the media. After finishing the 2018 season last in the KBO in 2018, the Dinos in the following year signed Yang as a free agent by lavishing 12.5 billion won ($11.3 million), the second-highest in the history of the KBO FA, to rise again.
The South Korean game developer NCSoft's baseball team celebrated the priceless victory with an artifact of "Execution Sword," the most powerful item of the company's mega hit and longest-running game "Lineage" in a show of appreciation to their avid patron.
NCSoft CEO Kim Taek-jin, who attended every Korean Series Game with more than 100 company workers to cheer for the team, delivered the sword, and captain Yang held it up high in triumph.
The club's victory has realized Kim's childhood dream. He visited the stadium not only in Seoul but also in its team base Changwon whenever time is available. After the team's regular season championship was confirmed in October this year, he came down to the ground of NC Changwon Park to thank the players for helping him achieve one of his dreams.
NC Dinos also caught on with fans in the United States earlier this year, when ESPN broadcast KBO games as the country's Major League Baseball was sidelined under the Covid-19 shutdown. North Carolina, that lacks MLB team and shares the same initials with the team, said it is rooting for the Dinos. North Carolina's minor league Durham Bulls tweeted after last night's victory congratulating the team.
By Lee Yong-gun and Choi Mira
Botulinum strain is not trade secret: U.S. ITC reasons in Daewoong vs Medytox case


text:
issue 5, year X, 2003
VLADIMIR SPIDLA,
Prime Minister of the Czech Republic:
"IT DOESN'T MATTER HOW BIG A
COUNTRY IS. IT'S INFLUENCE
THAT MATTERS"
Interviewer Valentin Kostov page 4
The accession to the EU is not just a goal for us. In a way it is the end of a road that Czechoslovakia (as it was called back then) took after the fall of Communism in 1989-1990. To cut a long story short - we are rejoining the Europe that we historically belong to. We don't regard our membership just as an opportunity to benefit but also as a chance to contribute. We are determined to reciprocate the state member's solidarity. And I think that now is a good time to improve the relations between our two countries. Not because the Czech Republic is being endorsed membership in the EU and you are still negotiating. The truth is that after the collapse of the Soviet block we somehow went our separate ways. Our common future in Europe - both in NATO and the EU - might be explored to remind to each other how close we once were. My experience tells me that it's not important how big a country is, but what influence it has. I am sure that even a small country can have a big say in the Union, if it is able to defend its standpoint and convince the state members that it proposes the right solution. The world is now "shrinking". Nowadays many common interests link places that decades ago were far apart. However, we should differentiate between Europe as the state members of the EU and the wider political scene. I am convinced that Europe extends further than the shores of the Mediterranean and the Black sea.
THE CZECH REPUBLIC'S
INTEGRATION EXPERIENCE
Engineer Eva Rainehlova, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic, Department Euro integration	page 6
The expected accession of the Czech Republic's to the EU on May 1st 2004 will complete the preparation for its integration. The atmosphere of relative political stability is a guarantee that the country will continue its social and economic catch-up. Czech economy has undergone a positive transformation - the European committee is happy with the speed of economic changes. The country's well-developed infrastructure and relatively cheap workforce attract foreign investors. However, they continually come across low labor productivity. The low labor mobility is another obstacle they often encounter. High taxations and corruption criticized by the EU are still a fact of life. The Czech regard the EU as an important factor for enhancing the stability in Europe. They expect that the membership will better the Czech Republic's position in international relations and would bring higher prestige and stability. The Common European market will allow free exchange of goods and commodities among the state members - that is a great challenge for Czech production. The consumers regard positively the growing competition on the market as it will improve the quality of goods and will bring down the prices. As a EU state country the Czech Republic will be able to procure on fund resources of up to 60 billion CZK a year.
H. E. PETR DOKLADAL,
AMBASSADOR OF THE
Nadia Stancheva	page 9
Bulgaria and the Czech Republic will have common interests in integrated Europe, said H. E. Petr Dokladal, ambassador of the Czech Republic in Bulgaria in an interview for the "Europe 2001" magazine. According to him both our countries want stability in the EU, which will ensure that all member states are on an equal footing, that the various institutions perform smoothly within the EU structures.
Ten years after the disintegration of Czechoslovakia Petr Dokladal is convinced that this has been the right thing for both constituent countries. "Still, as both Czech and Slovak, I feel nostalgic to some extent, when looking back", he says. He believes that these two European nations perfectly complement one another. "Where we are weak they are strong and vice versa."
The Czech ambassador feels at home in Sofia. What he respects in Bulgarians is their determination to be educated and work hard. And although beer is held in high esteem in his home country, the Czech ambassador loves Bulgarian cuisine and wine.
THE CZECH PRESENCE IN
POST-LIBERATION BULGARIA
Vladimir Penchev	page 14
The text focuses on revealing the participation of Czechs in raising the young Bulgarian state in the years after the Liberation in 1878. It examines the reasons of thousands of Czechs to come to Bulgaria. Many of them settled in the country and became a part of the Bulgarian society. The author describes the characteristic clash between the two different ethnocultural models and the outcome of this clash, while emphasizing the employment of a set of cognitive strategies concerning Bulgaria and the Bulgarian that have been realized on Czech territory. An attempt has been made to establish a typology of the Czech presence in Bulgaria by distinguishing several major groups: intellectuals, industrialists and entrepreneurs, craftsmen, workers and peasants. Finally, the text emphasizes the fact that it is not by chance that the revival of the Bulgarian state after the Liberation was related not so much to Russian as to Czech public figures, due to their crucial participation in building the new Bulgaria. All Bulgarians will be forever thankful for what these people did for us.
UNDP Bulgaria	page 22
The Global Compact was first announced in 1999 by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. It calls upon companies to adopt nine universal principles in the areas of human rights, labour standards and the environment. Since its national launch in January 2003, and with the personal support from Bulgarian President Georgi Parvanov, UNDP has been actively working with the companies from around Bulgaria to expand the network of businesses committed to the global principles. In September 2003, UNDP continued to build on the momentum of the Global Compact with the signing of the 55th member. To learn more about the Global Compact please visit: www.undp.bg/globalcompact.
ARNOST LUSTIG:
THE TIMELESS PILGRIM TO
THE WORLD OF HUMAN DIGNITY
JAn interview by Ales Benda	page 25
Arnos Lustig is the most popular Czech writer, nominated for Pulitzer Prize, president of the Nine Gates Festival, president of the Organizational Board of the Czech Head Competition, a university professor, the honorary chairman of the Franz Kafka Association, president of the Terezin Film Festival. He is also the winner of the Karel Capek Prize of the Czech Pen Club and has been declared the most popular writer for the previous month in Britain. This is what he has shared with us: "I consider Bulgarians extremely brave, because they have managed to develop and mature during the Ottoman rulership. But for me, one of the most important reasons for my love for Bulgaria is Emilian Stanev's magnificent book, The Peach Thief. I use it in my lectures at the American University as an example of a short novel - longer than a short story and shorter than a proper novel. I am convinced that if Stanev had written it in English, he would have received a Nobel Prize… By saving Jews from the Holocaust Bulgarians have placed themselves at the most prominent place in the map of goodness." "I see Europe as one family. Europeans don't always bear with each other, they aren't equally gifted, they don't necessarily share the same inclinations, but any family functions better than its individual members." "The writer's most important quality is modesty. Not the modesty you wear on your lapel or demonstrate by a declaration, but genuine modesty, which comes when you compare yourself to the best things that have ever existed."
TELC - THE CZECH JEWEL
OF RENAISSANCE ARCHITECTURE
Violeta Mitceva	page 29
Perhaps in the whole of the Czech Republic there is no other city with such a
unique square and such distinctive buildings largely faithful to medieval town planning, once made of wood, some rebuilt in stone in later periods. The square with its Renaissance interlocking archways, baroque houses and Gothic style castle and church add to the beautiful panorama of the lake-surrounded city. On August 15, 1999, a grand celebration marked the nine hundredth anniversary of what is traditionally considered to be the founding of the town of Telc. This small Czech town only has 6000 residents, but it is an extremely popular tourist spot with Czechs and foreigners alike. The sightseeing of the square is an unforgettable experience. Besides its traditional layout, the structures make quite an impression - pointed arches and brightly colored houses with richly ornate facades. The tribute to awesomeness is made even greater by the Marian column, the town drinking fountains (once wooden, now made of stone), numerous limestone sculptures and the city wooden gates. The city outskirts - a hilly side with scattered woods, lakes and rare wildlife species and plants, are a natural sanctuary. Beside the historic monuments modern Telc offers to the visitor various music festivals, exhibitions, sport events, balloon rides, boating and carriage trips and many other attractions.
CRETE, THE ISLAND OF MINOS
AND DAEDALUS
Ivan Marazov	page 34
The Cretan mythology (as it has come to us today through the Greeks) does not tell us about many military heroes, but it is unthinkable without the figure of Daedalus. The name itself is a personification of artistic objects beautifully crafted by a master's skilful hands. These objects are called daidala and are usually fancy, exotic items with a sophisticated make: incrustation, combination of various materials, rich decorations. Due to its characteristics, like false glitter, diversity of colour, duplicity, alien or exotic nature, hidden danger, the daedalon (both as a concept and an object) became the synonym of deceit. Larnaka, the boxes where sinful mothers and their illegitimate offspring were put to be sent into the open sea and thus chase them out of the community, were also described as daedal. DADALEME is the inscription on three magnificent silver vessels found in the Basho Thracian mound. The inscriptions are similar to the name of Daedalus and the precious objects both phonetically and functionally - the vases were placed in the tomb and the gilded phial with a picture of galloping horses was used to keep the ruler's remains. Another ancient myth is the one about Pandora, the first woman, a symbol of the evil that was brought upon the people, and the gifts provided by the goddesses in her honour were defined by Hesiod as daedal. The meaning of the daedalon as a means of deceit is also seen in the myth about the marriage of Zeus and Daedala. In order to make fun of Hera's jealousy, the ruler of Olympus declared that he would marry a young woman, called Daedala. So he dressed up a wooden plank as a bride and placed it on the marriage chariot.
THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL
BY GEORGI MARKOV:
AN EXCEPTION AND A KEY IN THE
CONTEMPORARY BULGARIAN THEATRE
Tsvetanka Elenkova	page 38
Last year The Salza i Smyah Drama Theater staged a play by Georgi Markov, called The Archangel Michael. It is the author's most recent play to be staged on the Bulgarian stage, and it is the last play in his career as a playwright. It was written in London in 1970. The play received the first prize for dramaturgy in 1974 at the Edinburgh Festival. In October 1976 it was broadcasted by BBC International. The Archangel Michael is a play that constantly equates the existential with the transcendental and vice versus, by showing them as the two sides of the circle. The circle itself can be a Bogomil one, a Buddhist one, or the well-known Yang and Ying with the invariable wave of movement between them. This is not a typical drama, as there are no events in it. It is existentialist drama - the Space, the Change seen as Non-Change and vice versus, the many layers of the drama displayed in a linear fashion - these are the greatest merits of the production. The staging is done in a traditional fashion, with the behavior and clothes that were typical for the time and the various social groups, which provides a balance with the stylized set design. This is a production that reaches its potential and the potential of the text, but what is more important, it proves that if there is a crisis in the theatre, it must be due to a crisis in the text. There is more to cultural life than mere show.
THE CZECH CONNECTION OF WIKEDA
SIvaylo Kitsov, Rhythm Magazine	page 40
This spring Wikeda - one of the most outstanding Bulgarian bands - released their new album "Get class-conscious". After they promoted it in Bulgaria at several concerts and shows, the jolly musicians packed their new repertoire tight along with their old hits, saddled their sense of humor and rode off to present them in Germany. After which they went to the Czech Republic where the band toured in August and September. The audience in Plzen, Usti nad Labem, Smrzovka, Mikulov, Litomerice, Prague, Kostelec nad Cernimi Lesy and other towns witnessed the glaring musical and scenic ideas of the Bulgarian guys, whose music mixes together in one shaker the power of rock, the frankness of punk, the revelry of ska, and the brass of jazz. The Czech connection of Wikeda gave the band a feel of what it's like to be an internationally renowned group - through all the fun and the sad moments they experienced; through the way the audience and their colleagues welcomed them - they won the approval of the legendary Czech rock group Sto Zvirat.
The tour was also a test for the two new members of Wikeda - Alexander Borissov and Sando Valentinov.
"The Czech audience is an excellent critic who doesn't care whether a song is from your first, second or seventh album, but whether it is good", says Wikeda unconventional frontman Erol Ibrahimov. "To them it doesn't matter where you are from and how famous you are - they welcome you as long as you are good. The Czech tour has charged us with energy, we're full of plans for new songs, a new album", he promises.
THE BULGARIAN TRADITION IN
ANGEL ANDONOV'S JEWELRY
Dochka Kisiova - Gogova	page 46
The jewelry, created by Angel Andonov, is a combination of exquisiteness, precision and originality. His creative works of art combine the ancient with the contemporary.
LITART PRESENTS: Karel Siktanc
Karel Siktanc is one of the most popular contemporary poets of the Czech Republic. He was born on July 10, 1928 in Hrebec, near Kladno. After he finished his higher education, he worked as an editor in a daily paper and in the radio, and as a chief editor of the Mlada Fronta Publishing House. Since 1971, when his work was banned, until 1990 his books have been published abroad and by underground publishers in Prague. He was awarded the Jaroslav Seifert Prize in 1989 and the State Prize for Literature in 2000.
LITART PRESENTS: SILVIA CHOLEVA
Silvia Choleva was born in Sofia on 30 October 1959. She graduated from the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" with an M.A. in Bulgarian Studies. In 1994 she received the "Iujna Prolet" award for her first book of poetry "The Child of the Deaf-Mute" /1993/. Then come "Entrance" /1996/, "Going and Coming" /travel notes from Prague - 1997/, "Winters and Summers" /2001/ and "Careful" /2001/. Some of her works have been translated in Greek, Serbian and Lithuanian.
She writes articles for the literary press. Presently she works as an editor in the Bulgarian National Radio and hosts a show on cultural and literary issues on the Hristo Botev Radio.
CZECH PRESS PHOTO -
AN INDEPENDENT PICTURE
WITNESS OF LIFE
Czech Press Photo is a yearly contest that invites photographers from the Czech and the Slovak Republics. Its ninth edition in 2003 is held under the personal auspices of the President of the Czech Republic and the Mayor of Prague.
Photographers with permanent residency in Czech or Slovak Republic can enter the competition with their photographs taken for publication purposes between September 30th 2002 and September 30th 2003. The following materials can be submitted into the competition: individual black & white and color prints/slides, or series of black & white and color prints/slides.
The contest categories are as follows:
Spot news, General news, People In The News, Sports, Daily Life, Portrait, Nature And Environment, Arts.
The competition is judged by an International Jury. The jury members are different each year in order to achieve greater objectivity.
JIRI MENZEL: "I LIKE CLEVER PEOPLE"
An interview by Ales Benda page 57
Jiri Menzel was born in the year 1938 in Prague. He graduated director studies in FAMU and is one of the co-creators of the "new wave" in Czechoslovakian cinema. His filmography includes more than 20 titles among which is the popular comedy My Sweet Little Village that was nominated for an Oscar Award. Jiri Menzel celebrated his latest cinematic success at the International Cinematic Festival in Venice in 1994 with his film Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin. His first full-length feature film Closely Observed Trains (1966) was awarded an Oscar Award for best foreign movie and foresaw the perfect symbiotic relationship he later established with writer Bohumil Hrabal. An important creative influence on him is the co-operation with the Prague theatre Cinoherny klub, where he met playwright Vaclav Havel. "Worldwide directors stage plays that no one goes to see. They are usually staged at privately sponsored theatres. Then there are the commercial theatres - they opt for averagely good pieces - famous works and box-office hits, manifesting a bad taste, I would say. I miss the normal theatre - the one that has always been my objective - theatre for the people. Theatres now only stage plays that draw upon hatred for mankind. I simply do not accept this", shares the famous director in his exclusive interview for Europe 2001 magazine.
THE VILLAGE OF BULGARI -
THE CAPITAL OF FIRE DANCING
Rumen Stoichkov, BNR	page 59
This article in the "Ethnoculture" section will take you to the world of an old pagan tradition - the nestinari dancing, or "fire dancing", as it is known throughout the world. No one knows how far back the tradition goes. One theory suggests that its origin can be traced back to the Thracians whose civilization thrived in these lands since the 8th century BC. The Christian religion later marked the ancient Thracian custom. But the uniqueness of the Bulgarian traditional fire dancing comes from the imprint of the Turkish and Greek influences in the region. Local legends and tales corroborate this and enhance the special mysticism of this enchanting custom. I found it important to describe the inner feelings of the fire dancers, their strength of character, the purification they undergo before they step onto the embers. And also the respect and esteem for the tradition they inherited from the ancestors - the Thracians and Bulgarians who once lived in the region of the Strandja mountain.
THE NATIONAL EMBLEM
OF THE CZECH STATE
Violeta Velikova-Kosheleva	page 62
The black eagle with outspread wings appeared for the first time as a symbol in Czech heraldry during the reign of king Premysl Otakar I in 1192. Later on, in the 13th century, king Otakar II /1253-1278/ introduced new charges to emphasize the might of the Czech State. The new element was a silver lion on a red shield and the greater national emblem included a helmet with black eagle wings, surrounded by a gold wreath of linden branches.
Today the national emblem of the Czech Republic combines the basic old heraldic symbols in a modern context.


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text:
Economía / Historia económica y del pensamiento económico / Historia económica /
The invention of enterprise
entrepreneurship from Ancient Mesopotamia to modern times
Editor/a Baumol, William J.
Editor/a Mokyr, Joel
Editor/a Landes, David S.
Editorial: Princeton University Press
Lugar de la edición: New Jersey. Estados Unidos de Norteamérica
Papel: Rústica
Sin Stock. Envío en 3/4 semanas.
Whether hailed as heroes or cast as threats to social order, entrepreneurs - and their innovations - have had an enormous influence on the growth and prosperity of nations. The "Invention of Enterprise" gathers together, for the first time, leading economic historians to explore the entrepreneur's role in society from antiquity to the present. Addressing social and institutional influences from a historical context, each chapter examines entrepreneurship during a particular period and in an important geographic location. The book chronicles the sweeping history of enterprise in Mesopotamia and Neo-Babylon; carries the reader through the Islamic Middle East; offers insights into the entrepreneurial history of China, Japan, and Colonial India; and, describes the crucial role of the entrepreneur in innovative activity in Europe and the United States, from the medieval period to today. In considering the critical contributions of entrepreneurship, the authors discuss why entrepreneurial activities are not always productive and may even sabotage prosperity. They examine the institutions and restrictions that have enabled or impeded innovation, and the incentives for the adoption and dissemination of inventions. They also describe the wide variations in global entrepreneurial activity during different historical periods and the similarities in development, as well as entrepreneurship's role in economic growth. The book is filled with past examples and events that provide lessons for promoting and successfully pursuing contemporary entrepreneurship as a means of contributing to the welfare of society. "The Invention of Enterprise" lays out a definitive picture for all who seek an understanding of innovation's central place in our world.
Otros libros de Baumol, William J.
The free-market innovation machine
Baumol, William J.
Growth, industrial organisation and economic generalities
Baumol, William J.;
Blinder, Alan S.
Otros libros de Landes, David S.
The unbound Prometheus
Landes, David S.
Revolución en el tiempo
Otros libros de Mokyr, Joel
The gifts of athena
Mokyr, Joel
Los dones de Atenea
The enlightened economy


text:
Radiation Protection & Shielding
The Radiation Protection and Shielding Division is developing and promoting radiation protection and shielding aspects of nuclear science and technology — including interaction of nuclear radiation with materials and biological systems, instruments and techniques for the measurement of nuclear radiation fields, and radiation shield design and evaluation.
January 21, 2015, 7:00AM|ANS Nuclear Cafe
Failure to Politically Engage - Howard Shaffer, PE
A Republican State Senator, a supporter of Vermont Yankee said in the Senate , as quoted in the press, that [paraphrased]: If the opponents had invaded Entergy Vermont Yankee's Board, they could not have done a better job of defeating the plant than the plant did to itself. The senator was part of a debate over a vote that would block the State's Certificate of Public Good process and essentially force the plant to shut down.
Unfortunately, Entergy Vermont Yankee carried through with the industry's error of misunderstanding the campaign against the plant as a technical and legal policy debate, as opposed to recognizing it for what it truly was-a bare knuckle political campaign.
The utility did not do things it should have, and did do things to make the situation worse. "Due diligence" on the politics of Vermont had not been done. Here's a short list of the basic campaign rules that were violated:
"All politics are local." - Tip O'Neil, former Speaker of the US House of Representatives.
"A charge unanswered is a charge believed." - former US Senator Simpson of Wyoming.
Decisions are made by those who show up.
Know who your opponents are, as well as their backgrounds.
Be the first to get negative information about you into the media. You get to define the issue, not your opponents.
Use every means possible to reach the public.
Explain technical issues in words the public uses. Do not use definitions of words created for the technology to finesse issues when testifying. It looks like you are trying to hide something.
Recognize your situation. If you must legally report all negative information to regulatory agencies, know that your opponents will be waiting for it, in order to spin it their way. (See the fourth rule, above.)
Recognize that a commitment of resources is needed to win. A tough campaign may require more than originally planned. Calculate the cost of losing before limiting resources.
Full engagement during the campaign is better than trying to salvage defeat in court.
Howard Shaffer PE. 2001 ANS Congressional Fellow. Senior Systems Engineer, Public Speaker, Public Outreach, Startup Engineer, Submarine Engineer Officer. Coordinator ANS Vermont Grassroots Project.
Vermont Yankee Shuts Down for Good - Dan Yurman
A combination of "wholesale market flaws" and delusional granola politics combined to produce a squeeze play that forced Entergy to cease operations on 12/29/14 at the 602-MW boiling water reactor after 42 years of operation.
The plant produced 72 percent of the electricity generated in the state. However, most of that electricity was sold throughout New England.
Although the Nuclear Regulatory Commission had granted the reactor a 20 year extension on its license in 2011, until 2032, Entergy said that the high cost of operation combined with repeated attacks on it from a regulatory angle by the state of Vermont caused the utility to make the decision last August to close it 18 years early.
Anti-nuclear sentiment may have also played a role, but it is questionable whether it was decisive in Entergy's view.
Vermont's governor, Peter Shumlin, was elected in 2010 on a pledge to shut down the plant when its current license expired. He made unverifiable claims that Vermont, like Germany, could get 30 percent of its electricity from solar power. These off-the-wall statements played well to some Vermonters' "off-the-grid" lifestyle politics.
The Vermont legislature and general public opinion were also stacked against the plant. And the business community from granola makers to famous ice cream manufacturers, whose own plants depended on electricity from the reactor, lined up at public meetings to attack it.
Entergy, which is a Louisiana business, never got a sense of how to deal with New England greens. Visual props, such as the plant's partial collapse of a wooden structure for discharge of cooling water, provided endless opportunities for anti-nuclear groups to spin the public case against the plant. Never mind that the water wasn't radioactive and was permitted by the state of Vermont to be returned to the same river from which it came.
In addition, record low prices for natural gas had an impact on the rate at which electricity from the plant could be sold into regional grids.
Entergy said, "Wholesale market design flaws resulted in artificially low energy prices ... and do not provide adequate compensation to merchant nuclear plants for the fuel diversity benefits they provide."
A translation of the investor language from Entergy is that it could not compete with the low gas prices, and there was no way to recover value, nor earn revenue, for the firm based on the carbon emission reductions it provided to the region.
Dan Yurman blogs at Neutron Bytes and is a former reporter for Fuel Cycle Week.
bwrsvermont yankee
Elk River - Rural America's First Atomic Power Plant
Elk River Generating Station, Rural Cooperative Power Association, Elk River, Minnesota.
The Elk River reactor, as it was generally known in the AEC parlance of the day, was a pioneering effort in America's nuclear energy history. Hailed widely as "Rural America's first atomic power plant," the intention was to provide a pilot installation of a small, simple, and inexpensive nuclear steam supply system that could be duplicated at many far flung locations. Unfortunately for the concept, the Elk River plant in the end proved unable to meet the task for technical reasons; yet, it remains firmly in history as one of the well known early nuclear energy installations. What follows is a brief history of the project and its major players.
Nuclear Energy for Puerto Rico
BONUS nuclear plant as it appears today (Photo courtesy US DOE)
Among the many different reactor concepts being investigated in the late 1950s and early 1960s was the idea that the steam produced by a boiling water reactor, which normally goes straight to the turbine building, could be superheated (or have further heat added once it was already steam) by nuclear energy. This would greatly increase the efficiency of the plant, as well as make dry steam at a high pressure that would allow the use of (less expensive) commercially available equipment in the steam plant. Two reactors were built to investigate the idea of performing both processes in essentially the same reactor-one in South Dakota and (perhaps incredibly to today's readers) another of a very different design on the island of Puerto Rico.
DTE Energy to receive COL for Fermi-3
Yesterday, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced that its commissioners had approved the award of a Construction and Operating License (COL) for DTE Energy's prospective Fermi Unit 3, to be built on the site of the existing Fermi-2 near Detroit, Mich. The COL will also notably be the first for the GE Hitachi ESBWR, or "Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor," a Gen-III+ nuclear plant with passive safety.
Another Nuclear Design Approved by the NRC
• This week the GE-Hitachi ESBWR design received its Design Certification from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
The Final Entrant - Last Nuclear Utility in Japan Applies for Restart
Shika NPP Unit 2. Courtesy Hokuriku Electric Power Co.
Yesterday, the saga of nuclear energy in post-Fukushima Japan reached an important milestone as the final utility that owns nuclear power plants in that country applied to the regulator for restart, in an event that snuck under the radar of most news venues.
Pathfinder: A Path Not Taken
Pathfinder Atomic Power Plant. Press photo, Will Davis collection.
The recent U.S. Environmental Protection Agency announcement of policy regarding carbon emissions from power plants has triggered a renewed interest in nuclear energy over the past few weeks; along with this of course comes a focus on small modular reactors (SMRs) and their availability for replacing existing fossil-fueled plants or facilities. We have discussed this topic here at ANS Nuclear Cafe before, in terms of the possibility of adding an SMR onto an existing facility-see "The Hook-Ons."


Should either party have been married previously I will also need to sight the original documentation showing how the marriage ended.
Upon lodgement of your NOIM I will provide you with a brochure called 'Happily Ever Before and After' which talks about pre-marriage counselling and other legal matters concerning marriage in Australia.
Prior to, but as close as possible to the actual wedding we also need to complete the 'Declaration of No Legal Impediment to Marriage' (which is found on the reverse side of one of the Marriage Certificates we sign following the actual marriage ceremony).
First, you will need two (2) people over the age of 18 years to witness your marriage, they can be friends, family or the guy who makes your coffee in the morning. I will need their full legal names and to know that they understand English. After they've witnessed your marriage ceremony your witnesses will be required to sign the marriage certificates.
My couples tend to do this before saying their personal vows to each other (….. I mean 'read' their vows to each other. Seriously, it's very rare for anyone to memorise or say 'off the cuff' vows so stop worrying!).
Other than that, the content of the ceremony is completely up to us. That's when you need an amazing celebrant to make it fun and memorable!
Once the legal wording has been uttered, you are legally married! We then simply need to sign the three (yes 3) Marriage Certificates – you get the pretty one, I keep the one in the big red book and the third one we send to BDM so they can register your marriage.
Following the wedding ceremony I must send your paperwork to Births, Deaths & Marriages (BDM) within 14 days so they can register your marriage.
Should you wish to change your name you will need to apply to Births, Deaths and Marriages (BDM) for an official Marriage Certificate, the current cost in Queensland is approx. $50 and you should receive it 4-6 weeks after submitting the application. Until then you will need to continue using your maiden name (very important when making travel plans for the honeymoon!).


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Live Q&A: Ask MarketWatch about Biden's first news conference of 2022
London Markets
FTSE ends atop 5,600 in thin trading
Published: Dec. 28, 2005 at 11:56 a.m. ET
Steve Goldstein
LONDON (MarketWatch) -- The U.K.'s benchmark index ended above 5,600 in thin trading on Wednesday as investors returned from a four-day break to bid up companies in defensive sectors.
The FTSE 100 index (UKX) finished up 0.5% at 5,622 after hitting a four-year high during the day, while European equities ended mixed. See Europe Markets.
The U.K. advance was led by food and beverage stocks such as sugar refiner Tate & Lyle (TATE), candy maker Cadbury Schweppes (CBRY) CSG, +0.89% and brewer SABMiller (SAB), as well as pharmaceuticals such as AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline GSK, -2.30%.
"However, it remains to be seen as to whether these gains can be extended ahead of the year end -- profit taking is still a clear risk," said Geoff Langham, head of trading at CMC Markets.
Cadbury announced the $37 million sale of a unit that makes cooking wines, ending up 2.2%, while AstraZeneca AZN, -0.48% (AZN) rose 1.3% after it unveiled its fourth deal of the month.
The pharma firm said it had agreed to license the TC-1734 compound to treat Alzheimer's disease, cognitive deficits in schizophrenia and other cognitive disorders from North Carolina-based biotech Targacept Inc. for as much as $300 million in milestones and stepped double-digit royalties.
Retailers Next (NXT) and Marks & Spencer (MKS) advanced after a measure of retail traffic for the day after Christmas climbed 17% year-on-year and unlisted department-store operator John Lewis reported a 7% rise in same-store December sales to Christmas Eve. John Lewis sales are an important indicator of high-street demand.
Vodafone VOD, -0.50% (VOD) gained 1.2% after staying it'll hook up with Samsung Electronics Co. and Qualcomm Inc. to provide mobile-phone services that allow for higher-speed Internet access and video sharing.
Elsewhere, Rank Group (RNK) rose 1.1% after agreeing to sell its film processing unit Deluxe Film to Ron Perelman-owned MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings for $750 million in cash. The deal doesn't include assumed debt or cash.
Rank, which also is trying to sell Deluxe Media, said it won't change its dividend for the year to Dec. 31.
However, investors continued to take profits in the energy sector, with BP (BP) BP, -0.63% falling 0.08%.
Oversized egos and celebrity hype may permeate the executive suites of the entertainment industry, but Bobby Kotick doesn't follow that script.
Steven Goldstein is based in London and responsible for MarketWatch's coverage of financial markets in Europe, with a particular focus on global macro and commodities. Previously, he was Washington bureau chief, directing MarketWatch's economic, political and regulatory coverage. Follow Steve on Twitter: @MKTWgoldstein.


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Q: How can I update my data automatically without using AJAX or any loop checking method? I have a data table page that have to be update right after the database is updated.
I am not allowed to use any loop checking method including AJAX.

A: Supposing you're able to detect the insertion in database serverside, the usual solution is to use, like StackOverflow does, websockets.
They allow you to push data from the server to the browser with very little overhead, without useless pulling requests and without client-side loops.


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GSPIA
Dr. Kearns receives prestigious NASPAA teaching excellence award
By: GSPIA
Dr. Kevin Kearns has received the Leslie A. Whittington Excellence in Teaching Award from the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA). This highly prestigious national award recognizes a faculty member in a NASPAA member school for excellence in teaching public policy, public affairs, or public administration over an extended time period, demonstrating outstanding contributions and sustained excellence through course content, course preparation, quality of advising impact, teaching innovation, mentoring, and receipt of teaching awards.
Dr. Kearns joined the GSPIA faculty in 1987 as an associate professor and quickly distinguished himself as a highly productive researcher in public management, strategic planning, and leadership; an impactful and deeply engaged teacher in our Master of Public Administration program; and truly engaged scholar with deep connections and exceptional service commitments to the public, nonprofit, and foundation communities.
He is known for his expertise in strategic planning, nonprofit management, and leadership. Dr. Kearns has presented more than 100 executive seminars, nationally and internationally, promoting ethical leadership. Along with a Fulbright Fellowship to teach nonprofit management in Czech Republic, he has lectured in Taiwan, Indonesia, Macedonia, and Brazil.
He was nominated for the award by GSPIA Dean Carissa Slotterback in recognition of his many contributions to designing and teaching in GSPIA's curriculum in nonprofit organizations and management, his numerous GSPIA teaching awards and the Chancellor's Award for Distinguished Teaching, and his leadership of the Johnson Institute for Responsible Leadership and Hesselbein Leadership Forum.
"As we have seen public affairs and administration education evolve over the years, Dr. Kearns is one of those faculty members who has led the charge for change in our institution and in our field. He consistently brings an enthusiasm for new approaches and willingness to try new things, gain new insights, and continue learn and grow," Slotterback said.
During his tenure at GSPIA, he has established the Nonprofit Clinic, a capstone course which serves as a pro bono regional consulting and technical assistance organization. Under the direction of Dr. Kearns, students have completed approximately over 10010 consulting projects on strategic planning, governance and leadership, financial management, social entrepreneurship, and other topics. It is conservatively estimated that the Nonprofit Clinic has contributed work valued at more than $1 million in consulting to area nonprofits.
He also established the Leadership Portfolio Program, a leadership development program for GSPIA's most motivated young leaders who serve as members of nonprofit boards of directors and engage in other leadership development and community engagement activities. He was also integral to the early innovation in online teaching and distance learning at GSPIA and holds a deep commitment to community engagement.
Of his impact, former students laud Kearns as a scholar and practitioner with an individualized and inclusive approach to teaching and hail his mentorship in the classroom and as they continue in their careers.
World Affairs Council President and CEO Betty Cruz (MPA, '11) says, "Kevin makes it easy to understand the complexities of leadership because he models this in how he engages with everyone he meets — no matter their lived experience. His disarming, gentle, wise nature fosters trust and understanding, even when addressing difficult topics during challenging times."
Dr. Kearns will be recognized at the NASPAA Annual Conference virtual plenary meeting on October 29. <insert link if available>
In reflecting on this award, Dr. Kearns noted "As I begin my final year of full-time teaching, I am reflecting on what an extraordinary privilege it has been to spend nearly every working day of my life among aspiring and accomplished professionals who are striving to make this world a better place through public service and have chosen GSPIA as a means toward that noble goal. I have learned far more from them than they have from me. I am enormously grateful to generations of students, to my colleagues in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs and the University of Pittsburgh, and to many generous mentors and role models through the years who demonstrated to me that teaching is at the heart of what we do as scholars."
Dennis M. Gormley Endowed Student Resource Fund at GSPIA
Learn More Oct 5, 2021 Oct 5, 2021
GSPIA welcomes new faculty member
Learn More Sep 8, 2021 Sep 8, 2021
GSPIA Students Aid the State Department of Environmental Protection
Learn More Aug 10, 2021 Aug 10, 2021
Lack of Women in Public Administration Leadership Threatens COVID-19 Recovery
Learn More Jul 8, 2021 Jul 8, 2021
Philanthropy and the Shaping of Life in Pittsburgh
Learn More Jun 1, 2021 Jun 1, 2021
Dean Slotterback Discusses Experience, Vision for GSPIA's Future
Learn More May 17, 2021 May 17, 2021


ET: How do upfront costs of developing a home like this compare to a typical new suburban dwelling?
Ferrier: The upfront cost typically consist of a greater degree of planning and energy modeling, often utilizing a building science firm to confirm the use of products and systems that will work together synergistically to achieve net zero energy. For our Zero Energy Casita we spend about $450 with such a firm and spent probably another 30 hours in additional planning. We do have a 28 year history of building near zero energy homes that we pull into every project that gives us a great head start on what works and what doesn't work.
ET: What went into building the Zero Energy Casita? What makes it unique in your opinion?
Ferrier: It is a great example of carefully thought out planning and modeling. We started with the owners' previously drawn plans, tweaked them to increase the energy efficiency of it in such areas as shading, overhangs, location on the site to maximize shading from 50' existing trees and 30' existing shrubs and placement and sizing of windows. Then we explored options and ran them through an energy modeling process to confirm choices of our extremely energy efficient 6.5" SIP (Structural Insulated Panel) walls and 10.25" SIP roof panels, Weather shield windows with ZOE-5 glazing system, ThermaTru doors, vented Galvalume metal roof, High efficiency Carrier AC units, Seisco Tankless hot water heater, SkyStream 3.7 Kw Wind Turbine, Energy Star appliances and lighting, etc.
ET: Can consumers except to see more homes like the Zero Energy Casita in their cities soon?
Ferrier: I believe we will see a steady increase in the number of such homes. With the continual increase in energy costs, folks concerned with our dependence on foreign oil and the increasing sentiment of wanting to be independent, combined with the increasing desire to "invest in our own homes instead of the power companies", is driving the great interest in such homes and the acceleration of their construction.


Shakespearian plays have been adapted for the screen time and time again. "Othello", "Hamlet", "Romeo and Juliet", "The Tempest", the list goes on an on and the familiarity for a viewer with these stories is established before they ever enter the theatre. "Coriolanus" is a lesser know, and lesser adapted, play Shakespeare wrote. Well-known actor Ralph Fiennes (Voldemort in Harry Potter) in his first directorial effort has adapted "Coriolanus", with a screenplay by John Logan into a modern-day political film, while maintaining the original shakespearian dialogue.
Coriolanus takes place in a contemporary Rome, but not Rome to be exact. This is a fictitious place, ruled by fictitious people and in the midst of a war with fictitious rebels, led by Gerard Butler (Machine Gun Preacher) as Tullus Aufidius. The story opens with the Roman state declaring a state of emergency and Caius Martius Coriolanus (Ralph Fiennes) removing civil liberties.
The people of Rome are starving, and protestors swarm the streets, attempting to fight their way into the grain depot. The people want change to occur, and are feverishly fighting for it to happen–and they see the proud and greatly admired soldier Martius as the greatest obstacle. The inner turmoil of the city is not the only problem, as the rebel army continues to fight Rome; struggling against the government. This is the story of Coriolanus, a tale of two warring entities that will soon find themselves aligned in one war with Martius Coriolanus at the forefront. Coriolanus is a hero for a brief moment, primed for political office, until his cold and prideful demeanor make him an enemy of the people. Banished from the city he finds himself with the rebels, ready to fight against those who turned themselves on their most faithful follower.
Ralph Fiennes' Coriolanus can be a most gripping film, but it also has the unfortunateness of a Shakespearian play where unless you fully invest early on to long monologue's and accepting the Bard's speech it can pass slowly. A great deal is always occurring, and small pieces of the story and the politics of such are constantly being revealed.
Coriolanus' mother Volumnia, played by Vanessa Redgrave, is riveting in the role. She is the power behind the man, the one who instigates much of what he does and how he reacts to situations. It is also her that will eventually be his downfall–nothing shocking for those familiar with Shakespeare. Ralph Fiennes delivers a magnetic performance in the coolly emotional role of Coriolanus. The steely looks he gives, the righteous indignation shown in his eyes towards the people, he becomes Coriolanus. Gerard Butler's Aufidius feels neglected, and the true hatred between the two men never fully realized. Fiennes and Redgrave keep Coriolanus alive and interesting.
The film may be an adaptation of an old Shakespearian play but it could not be more relevant in today's society and the conflicts that abound in third and first world nations. Coriolanus is at the core a story about politics, power, and pride. Mingle the three together with societal unrest by the people and you have the backbone of many a coup that has occurred to overthrow governments, and tyrants, or one in the same. Coriolanus speaks of the actions at play with warring groups, the usage of constant media footage via television's speaks to the means in which information is passed, and manipulated, over such affairs in a modern society. The ending that results in the death of the main character, after he is seen as he who betrayed the rebels, boasts the likings of a rebellious army who will never be satisfied with a treaty, their greed is far too great and needs too prideful. Coriolanus is not the most well-known of Shakespeare's work but it is the most time-appropriate in today's world. Ralph Fiennes and John Logan have created a well-thought modern adaptation, that clearly resonates the original texts meaning for a modern day society.
More information on the film from AFI FEST: Coroilanus.


Glide | Small Business Consulting and Services for NFP (not for profits) - How long on-line?
How long should it be on-line?
Controlled studies have repeatedly confirmed that in print, long copy that's packed with relevant facts out-sells short copy (click to read).
But what about on the web? Surely the generation that brought us ADD can't read more than a short sentence or two?
Well, the research has now been done and repeated. And the facts are that the web is just like print, only more so.
People who aren't interested in what you're offering will read even less of what you have to say.
People who are interested will read even more.
And the speed of turn-off when you stop giving fast information and start giving sales hype and waffle is even greater.
It shouldn't be such a surprise. How often have you gone to a company's website wanting to know something specific about a product – will it do this, is it compatible with that – and left the site annoyed because it didn't answer your question?
If the information had been there, would you have read it? If the answer was long because that was what it took to pack in a proper understanding, would you have read it?
Well, your web audience are people just like you. They are looking for fast, factual information that will inform their decisions. If they find what they want they will read it.
The basic rules of communication and persuasion apply whether it's in print or on-line, but on line there are some extra factors we have to consider.
Device usability. Most people aren't going to be comfortable reading a lot on a phone. The environment matters too: a pad may be comfortable to read from indoors, but in the field glare may make reading harder. If this applies to you, provide a fast summary option (with bigger type and maximum contrast) – but give your readers the option to read more later, in better circumstances.
Reading styles. Brochures, like books, encourage linear reading; starting from the beginning and proceeding in a specific order. But online, when the option is provided, people jump from place to place following the threads of their own interest and create their own story. They read what they want, and ignore what they don't. Related to this, the total volume of material available to a reader on-line is not always apparent the way it is with a book or brochure. People see what they click to and can remain blissfully unaware of much more material that doesn't interest them. The appearance of big volume is not so daunting on line. So this difference is actually a reason to have more copy on-line than you would in print.
One of the most comprehensive scientific studies of on-line reading was conducted by the respected industry site Marketing Sherpa. They ran a long series of tests where just one factor per sub-sample was varied and they compared actual results, not opinions.
In a five-day test using traffic generated by key-word purchases on search engines, long copy on a landing page resulted in 40.5% more click through responses than short copy. With a 30% gross margin on sales, the short copy was unprofitable (Return On Investment negative 14%) while the long copy was profitable (ROI positive 21%).
The researchers then looked at a longer test, over ten days. Long copy won by an even greater margin, outperforming short copy almost 4 to 1 with an ROI of 50% compared with negative 66% for short copy.
In a follow up test the researchers shortened the reading process for both long and short copy samples by cutting out a product description page. Instead of going from the landing page to the product info page and then to the order page, shoppers went straight from the landing page to the order page.
This time, the long copy page still outperformed the short copy page but both were unprofitable.
Clearly, on-line as in print, information sells.
If you make it easy for your readers to navigate long copy (eg, highlight changes of topic, provide direct links to other areas) then people who prefer a shorter read can select just what they want.
Longer, key-word rich copy performs better in natural search engines (listings that are not paid for).
In general higher-priced products need longer copy to gain customer commitment.
Information-based products do better with longer copy.
The quality of the copy matters most: high-quality short copy will outperform poorly written long copy. Copy should be long enough to do its job effectively and not a word longer.
The key to understanding copy length is in how people read websites.
Books are read sequentially, one page follows another. But on websites people jump from one screen to another by following links that interest them.
On-line, people make up their own reading experience based on personal interest. What could be better? They read only what they want and don't even look at screens they don't click to.
As big as your story. As big as it needs to be to include all the information a browser might want.
Suppose that's a massive 300 screens. You'll be daunted when you come to proof read it. You'll say, who would ever read all that?
Well, no-one will. But every individual will construct their own reading experience by clicking to just the bits they want. What if they get part-way through and the information they want next it not there? The may be lost as a potential customer.
So you should make available all the information your users may need to create their own ideal reading experience. Every one of them may be different.
The average read may be say 10 screens, but over 100 people that might amount to 300 different screens.
Are these potential customers, daunted by the 300 screens? Of course not; they don't care about the 290 screens they are not interested in, and if your navigation options are good, they will never click to them and never even know they are there.
People look at your website one screen at a time, and then they click to the next screen. If they look at 10 screens then for them, for that reading experience, your website is 10 screens. Or 20, whatever they needed that visit.
But to make that personalised, unique experience possible for every visitor, you need to mount all the screens that your potential clients may need to draw on.