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Intro Voices:
You're listening to Radiolab from WNYC.
Before we get started I had a couple of questions for you.
Abigail:
Yeah, please. Fire away.
I've talked to a lot of people who you've attempted to contact. There's a lot of hesitation. People just don't have faith in media right now, and considering our issues, to be honest, white-controlled media.
So I got a couple of questions for you.
Jad:
Quest away.
Why do we want to do this story now?
Yeah. It's been a couple of years.
Well, Abby just found the story. It was unknown to us until right now.
This feels a little newsy-of-the-moment in its upside-down way.
This is Robert, by the way, our other host.
So we have Robert, we have...
We have Robert, we have Jad...
And we have Abigail.
Jad?
J-A-D.
J-A-D. Yes.
Did you have other questions?
Sure. We can wait. We can table those.
No, ask them. Ask them.
Let's hear them.
So what is the end goal? What do you want the story to say?
We never that at the beginning.
Okay, hey, I'm Jad Abumrad.
I'm Robert Krulwich.
This is Radiolab and today...
Today we're going to tell you the story of a guy: a guy named Ryan Wash.
He's part of a movement of people who have taken this established corner of the academic world and they've reshaped it and reframed it.
Into something even weirder and more different.
Weirder. Huh.
No, not weird bad. Weird interesting. Interesting. Let's replace the word weird with interesting.
I don't know, I'll confess I find it...
I'm just saying in debate lingo, that's a link.
That's a link?
Usually, when you run a criticism the link is the thing that they've done bad.
Oh, okay.
The description of performance debate is problematic.
Can I put a less...
Less judgmentally?
Okay, so the world that we're talking about, which is at the center of this whole story, is debate.
High school debate and college debate. Now, I never did debate, but from the outside it always seemed like this hyper-competitive brain sport.
These guys with these accordion briefcases where they have all these files in there with all the research.
Yeah. They go to these tournaments and they argue about some topic back and forth and back and forth and back and forth.
Now, the interesting about debate... I didn't know this beforehand... is that the people who people who do this often go on to become hugely powerful people: Supreme Court judges, presidents, leading thinkers, scholars, titans of industry.
It's the farm team of the big folks for tomorrow. So Lee Iacocca from Chrysler, he was a debater.
Margaret Thatcher, Ted Cruz, Carl Rove, Hillary Clinton.
Oprah Winfrey.
Richard Nixon.
Malcolm X.
They all were debaters.
Today, this is Ryan Wash's story of debate.
Actually, it's Ryan's story debating debate.
Yes. This story comes from reporter Abigail Keel. Before we get going, I just want to let you know there is some language in this story: some profane words. Skip it if you need to. Otherwise, here we go.
Is it cool if we jump in, Ryan?
I would love to know, Ryan, what was your life like before you were ever on a debate team?
Well, Kansas City, Missouri, inner city public school. 99% black students. I was actually tricked into debating.
Really? When was this that you're talking about?
Let me see. 2000... I'm sorry, I'm old. 2005?
When were you born if you're saying you're old?
But yeah. I ended up getting tricked into debate. I'm definitely more of an observant person, which is why I like to play the game of chess, because how people move their pieces... the time it takes them to move their pieces... all gives away something. There are tells.
So I was tricked into debate by playing chess, and I ended up winning the school chess tournament that we had. This little short German redhead lady named Jane Reinhardt came to chess practice... I ended up being president of the chess club... one day and pulled me in the hallway and was like...
I understand you were chess champion and that's a really good thing. We have this debate program and I think you'd be really good at it.
Like, "Anybody who could critically think at chess could critically think at debate." Yadda yadda yadda. I didn't even know what debate was.
So he told her...
"No. Not for me." But I persist.
So over the next year...
She kept on telling me, "I thought I told you to join debate." I was like, "I thought I told you no."
I can spot a debater at 20 paces.
She was just like, "Okay, you think I'm playing." One Monday I came to school. She handed me a piece of paper. It was a revised scheduled. She had my scheduled to where I had debate first hour.
I just [inaudible 00:06:14].
So here I am.
Here you are. That's what's happens with a lot of my debaters. They just come in kind of dazed. Like, "Uh, my schedule got changed." I'm like, "Yeah, okay, that's fine. Take a seat."
Those first few classes, Ryan is learning the basics of debate, and this kind of debate that he's doing is called policy debate. There's two teams and two people on each team. Usually the debate is about some kind of national policy topic, like, "The United States government should increase its economic engagement in China." One team, at the beginning of the debate, is randomly assigned to be affirmative. That means they're supporting that proposition. They're saying, "Yes, the United States' federal government should do that. Here's why." The other team is the negative team, and they're doing against the affirmative.
Both of those sides make their case and then at the end the judge decides who made the better arguments.
I mean, I get them up debating almost day one.
We ended up having mock-debates in class, like Pepsi versus Coke, Family Guy versus the Simpsons, stuff like that. It was very fun. It made us learn how to do impact analysis.
Impact analysis?
For instance...
Let's say you're debating apples versus oranges.
If I say the rinds of apples are necessary for the fertilizer to produce oranges, so you must vote for apples.
That would be the impact of choosing apples over oranges.
You have to be able to compare the two and make argumentation. The traditional standard for argumentation...
And as Ryan started learning all of this.
Impact analysis...
Toulmin's model...
Argumentation...
He started to...
Ethos, pathos, logos...
Do really well.
Yeah. Yeah he did.
Joined the team. Started going to tournaments.
Debate is one of those activities that affords you the possibility of traveling places. Where I grew up and went to school, students didn't leave a 40 block radius for their entire life.
You're in control in that debate round and everybody is listening to you. I think it's important to feel that way, even if it's only in a 60, 90 minute debate round.
Ryan needed those wins. He needed...
I was enjoying debate.
That affirmation.
I was having a great time.
The thing that helped me out was that my first tournament was a Debate Kansas City tournament. Debate Kansas City is an urban debate league. So we were debating other kids from the same neighborhood, just went to different schools. That environment of debate was, to me, very different. Like yeah, we wanted to win, but there was a lot more camaraderie in the debate, I thought.
By the time I went to my first national competition, I was very much committed to debate. But once I went to that national tournament for the first time, I was like, "Okay, I don't know about this."
At national tournaments, you're up against what I call name brand schools.
You know, like predominately private schools.
We were real excited about that. Put our little dress clothes on. Got cute.
Got on the bus.
Nerves started kicking a little bit just about going to a debate tournament. Got off the bus, went inside, and then we went into the cafeteria. When we opened the door to walk into the cafeteria and began to walk in the room went silent. I mean, when I tell you the talking stopped, literally 300 other plus students stopped and stared at us because a bus of black kids had just arrived. They watched us the whole time that we were in the cafeteria. They was like, "What are they doing here?" At least, that's how I felt.
We walked over to our table and our coach was like, "Do not worry about them. Pull out your things. Get warmed up. Get ready for competition." So got our stuff pulled out and started to practice, and then they started to whisper. Whether they were whispering about debate stuff or about us, I don't know. I wasn't in their heads. But I can definitely explain to you what that felt like. It was real awkward and it was real uncomfortable.
And making things even more awkward and more uncomfortable is that when the debates actually got going... and this is particularly true at the national level... this is what debate sounds like.
Debaters:
This event also turns back [inaudible 00:10:54] kids are sitting [inaudible 00:10:54] global nuclear war and esclation if there's a backlash [inaudible 00:10:54].
The plan: US federal government through an act of Congress will substantially reform domestic transportation infrastructure by requiring that all federally founded road paving projects in the US use 15 to 22% ground rubber and asphalt and concrete mixes.
One, [inaudible 00:11:02] moving targets, seven slots of [crosstalk 00:11:04].
What is this? Is this sped up or something?
No. This is what debate sounds like today. They kind of speed read.
The goal of speed reading, or spreading, if you will, is to get more arguments.
The US highway and road infrastructure has an urgent requirement for [crosstalk 00:11:19].
Hetero supremacy and white supremacy [inaudible 00:11:19].
And apparently... and this is a quick digression... this kind of thing actually started in the 1960s and the students were actually the ones who were driving it.
One of the things that makes debate such an interesting intellectual game is that it's much more of a bottom-up-driven activity than a top-down activity.
That's Scott Harris, director of debate at the University of Kansas. In the case of speed reading...
We developed a situation where one team decided, "I'm going to present eight arguments," and the other team talked slower and only answered six of them, and the judge says, "Well, you didn't answer two of these arguments so you lost the debate because you didn't answer those arguments." So the other team said, "We need to answer all eight of those arguments," and they started to talk faster. And the other team said, "Well, we'll present 10 arguments," and then they answered 12. It escalated to a point that, in some instances, has gone way too far.
Getting back to Ryan: it's not as if he didn't know how to do that style of debate.
That's the way I debated. I did try to speak fast.
But he says somewhere around the first national tournament, all that stuff stopped making sense to him, like the fast talking and the fact that he had to debate these super highfalutin topics.
I felt as if I could never take any of the stuff that I learned in debate and take it back to 304 [Aski 00:12:40], which is where I lived.
This isn't just unique to Ryan. What you see at this stage in debate is that a lot of kids, especially inner city kids from public schools, black students, they just start to drop out of debate at a certain point. But Ryan didn't do that.
Now something big is going to happen. I have a feeling. Somebody's going to say...
No. What happened was that a student from University Academy... she was a senior...
Her name was [Marshana 00:13:07] and she went to a different school than Ryan.
She came over and asked Reinhardt. She needed a partner. There was about to be this tournament called KCKCC TLC Tournament.
It was a big high school debate tournament. Marshana, she was a senior, so she was older than Ryan, but she needed a partner. She came to Jane Reinhardt and Jane said, "Well, here, Ryan. He's your guy."
So I met with Marshana. It was the Thursday before the tournament happened. And I pulled her into this room and I had three boxes of evidence and I was ready to go with my traditional stuff.
The topic was whether the US should increase participation in national service programs, so like Peace Corp, Armed Services, stuff like that.
I'm like, "This is the stuff that I've been working on." I showed her the Learn and Serve America stuff. I had this Peace Corp affirmative that I hadn't wrote yet.
He showed her note cards with statistics on them, quotes from various experts.
And she was like, "Mm-hmm (affirmative). Uh-huh (affirmative). Yeah, that's cute." So she handed me this expando was just like...
"Take this folder, go home, study it."
So I go home and I open this expando and it was full of things. I stayed up literally all night studying this file. I mean, it was not a lot of evidence. There was not a lot of pre-written out answers to arguments. There wasn't a lot. There was Ralph Ellison's...
Speaker 9:
I am an invisible man.
There was a clip from Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man in there. There was...
Angelou:
You may write me down in history with your bitter, twisted lines.
A Maya Angelou poem in there.
You may trod me in the very dirt, but still, like dust, I rise.
There was some original stuff that she wrote. And I didn't get it. But she was the senior, and Reinhardt kind of told me, "Let her drive the ship, you just ride along." I was like, okay.
Next day.
We get to the first debate. I still was very unclear when we arrived at the tournament just what was going on.
He and Marshana get to the classroom and standing on the other side of the room are their two opponents.
Are they white kids mostly?
Yeah. They were white guys in suits with Republican ties on, if you want a vivid description.
The other team, they're affirmative, so they go first.
And they're like, [inaudible 00:15:23].
They lay out this whole argument about how the national service programs are good because they increase US power abroad. Then it was Marshana's turn.
So she gets up to give this speech and it starts with this like four minute long piece of spoken word.
It's like this performative speech, kind of, about her personal experience in debate.
And she had this way of speaking that was very passionately forceful. It made people stop. They stopped writing. They stopped talking.
And in the middle of this riff, Marshana laid out this argument...
That the style of debate that they engaged in, that fast paced form of debate, was exclusionary because it demotivated minority students from participating.
Not only, that it also creates this resource imbalance, because if you're going to start debating with a ton of arguments then you have to research that many arguments and you need help researching those arguments, so you pay people and you pay coaches to help you may those arguments, and that clearly favors rich and affluent schools. And beyond that, Marshana argued, even the language itself sets up a norm of what counts as intelligent, authoritative argumentation.
For instance, like men's voice to be held up over women, black people to always seem angry and rude when they're just being passionate, as if they don't have feelings. It was a criticism of the auctioneer style of debate. It was a criticism of the insular lingo of debate. It was a criticism of the way in which debates were decided socially and politically as opposed to argumentatively.
I was like, "Okay, I kind of get what she's [crosstalk 00:17:05]."
Were you shocked? Did this shock you?
No. I wasn't shocked. On the one hand, I was like, "That was great. That was tight." Snaps, like we was at the poetry slam. But I was sitting to myself, thinking, "Okay, how am I going to extend this?"
When it got to be his turn, what's left for him to say?
I don't know what other words I could use.
It wasn't until the second person from this team got up and he started to speak and he was like debating about "The state is great! This is disrespectful to the state of debate." And he turned to her... it was this moment... and he said it like from his soul: "You should go down the hall, because that's where poetry/prose is held. This is academic debate."
I was like, "What?" Basically, his argument was that what we were doing was not debating. What we were having was a talent show, is how he described it. And I was just like, "I get it." And maybe it was the studying I had done all night, but everything kicked in in that moment. My passion came into the room and I was just like...
What was it? You get it?
Like, I get everything that she was trying to say... what she was saying about the structure of debate, because I had felt those things before. I just didn't know how to articulate them.
Was it like permission?
I get what she's saying. Debate is fucked up. I'm sorry.
No, you're fine.
Let's just say we definitely went on to win that debate.
You won this match?
Yeah, we won the debate because...
Let me just explain what happened in this debate. Judges, in this kind of situation, have a choice: they can hear the arguments that Ryan and Marshana are making and they can think, "Okay, this isn't really about the Peace Corp or about Armed Services, so you lose," or they can do what the judge in this debate did and they can say, "All right, the topic has shifted, but let's look at what we have in front of us. Let's look at the arguments that were made." You have Ryan and Marshana saying that the structure of debate is racist and then you've got the other team not really responding in any kind of counter-argumentative way.
Ryan, in this debate, points at that. He points at when this other team says, "Leave the room," and he says, "Hey, what they just did proves our point: that we are excluded from debate." And the judge agreed.
Oh, so you used his "You don't belong here" as an argument against him.
That's what I was saying about our evidence. It came a lot from what happened in the debate itself.
That is fascinating.
But wait a second, wait a second. Let me just take that guy's side. You're throwing huge bombs at them: racism, hegemony. What's he supposed to do? Say, "I'm a racist?" What is he supposed to do?
First off, he should stop. Second off, you don't have to say you're racist. Ain't nobody going to want to admit that they're racist. But you can definitely admit that you've engaged in racist practices or you can have a debate about whether or not that was a racist practice. There's a healthy debate to be had about that. But instead, what he said was that "You all do not belong here."
"Leave the room." If you walk in and you say what you just said and you say it forcibly and eloquently... I mean, the other side says, "Hey, you're changing the rules here. You're breaking things down. Leave the room." And then in the "Leave the room" they leave themselves open to this counter-attack that you give. It still surprises me that you'd win.
This is the thing. There's very few rules to debate, but there's tons of norms, and depending on the community of debate... the space of debate that you're in... those norms may differ. I only know of a few rules, like there must be a winner and a loser, time limits... and I've seen that be debatable at times... there must be an affirmative and a negative. Other than that, how one approaches debate, how one approaches the topic, how one approaches themselves and their opposition, all of that stuff is debatable and arguably should be debatable.
There's no, like, Bible of debate? There's no book of...
No. They put out things like the NDT Rule Book, which is like affirmative teams must be topical, but in the world of debate what does it mean to be topical? What does it mean to be on topic? That has to be debatable in order for a debate to [inaudible 00:21:48].
This is getting very interesting.
I'm just curious, if you're really good at this, can you parse me what you would've said if you were the guy coming after you or before you?
One of the things that they needed to do in particular was to say that the debate itself shouldn't be about debate. They were trying to say that, but they said was, "Y'all should leave."
That's interesting, because the place where I have sympathy for the other side is where they're like, "I thought we were talking about the Peace Corp." Like they walked into the wrong room or something.
But on the other hand...
But that was part of our argument, was that how do you do debate, how do you participate in an activity for hours and hours and hours... weeks upon weeks upon weeks, and arguable years on years on years... and not every think about why you debate the way that you do. That's what we were pressing.
What was the other team's reaction?
They were really upset. They called us a n-word and shit like that.
No. Really?
Yes. Like, what do you mean no? Yes!
That's... wow.
We'll be right back.
Hey, I'm Jad Abumrad.
This is Radiolab.
And it's back to our story, again from producer Abigail Keel.
Which is a story about a guy named Ryan Wash and about debate. How we debate.
Just to pull back from that moment with Marshana and the poetry and all that, this kind of thing wasn't just happening in a vacuum. It actually came from all kinds of different places all at once.
One particular interesting person who was influencing it was George Soros.
The billionaire?
Shanara:
Soros was fascinated by debate.
That's Dr. Shanara Reid-Brinkley. She's a scholar and a big figure in the so-called black debate world.
Soros thought that debate was one of those kinds of activities that was incredibly important to the production of democracy.
So he started funding debate programs overseas...
In places like eastern Europe.
And here in the US he poured tons of money...
Like millions and millions and millions of dollars to start urban debate programs. First started with New York City.
They literally went out to all these New York high schools, talked to a bunch of administrators, and Soros just pumped money into New York City to start an urban debate league.
Then it went to Baltimore, then to Chicago, Detroit. It went to Kansas City, out to LA, Newark.
And it just kept moving. We're almost up to maybe 23 or 24 cities.
If you take a step back and look at it all, suddenly within a few years you have all of these new black debaters, and many of those students, she says, would go through the exact same thing that Ryan went through.
At the regional level, you can imagine you get a bunch of African American students, a bunch of teachers who are supporting them in a very positive environment. They build relationships and friendships. So debate feels like home in that space.
But as soon as they go to that first national tournament...
Culture shock, because there is a sea of white people.
And according to Dr. Reid-Brinkley, this influx of black debaters into a primarily white space started to create some tension and pressure. That all built up and eventually resulted in something called the Louisville Project.
The Louisville Project started. Its goal was to increase meaningful participation of [crosstalk 00:27:55].
[crosstalk 00:27:55].
[crosstalk 00:27:55] happened in Louisville.
Let's go back.
I know that there's a baseball bat associated with Louisville.
So, early 2000s...
Down at the University of Louisville, there was a debate team.
A predominately African American team. They were having a hard time finding traction.
He says they would go to these national tournaments...
And no matter what they did, if they tried to accommodate the more traditional style, there was always something that they did wrong.
Apparently those students would try to make arguments about race inside the topics, but usually it didn't work.
And so...
At a certain point...
They decided that they were done with that.
They were like, "No, we are unwilling to play your game in the way that you have defined it should be played."
So these debaters, what they would basically do is they would show up and they would force a conversation about race, basically saying, "We're not going to talk about China or global trade until we deal with this."
This is Louisville's famous phrase. They said, "We can't change the state, but we can change the state of debate."
They end up developing this whole new methodology, which is actually a throwback to Aristotle. In his idea, you need three things to persuade someone: ethos, pathos, and logos. Logos is like logic, so getting research and scholars and evidence and things like that. Pathos, that's where emotion comes in, so maybe a personal story or sharing something that will connect with the audience. And then ethos, which is kind of hard to pin down. You can think of it as like credibility or speaking in tune with the spirit of your culture.
That's where you get the introduction of the use of hip hop.
Some say the blacker the berry, the sweeter the juice. I say the darker complexion, the deeper the roots.
The use of spoken word.
They say the niggers always already queer. That's exactly the point. It means that it is a case turned to the affirmative because we're saying that [crosstalk 00:29:58].
The use of what we call street scholars.
Hands up, don't shoot. Hands up, don't shoot.
What was the reaction when this first started?
They would say things to Louisville like, "This isn't research, this is me-search," as if noted black scholars in their fields are not real experts, right? They would say things like, "Hip hop does not belong here. Your argument style doesn't belong here." I'm saying these things in really nice ways, but there could be really angry screaming matches at tournaments.
Would you have an objection to a prohibition... As a coach, if you said, "Look, for next year, let's never talk about you and leave your gender, your sex, your background, your family, your religion behind and stay entirely in the brain." I doubt that you would do that, but I'm wondering why you wouldn't.
I think that's anti-black. I think it's anti-black to...
Well, it's anti-everything. It would be anti-gay, anti-Jew, anti-everything.
Exactly. It would be anti all of those things. But particularly, for our purposes, it would anti-black. The reason that's important for me is because these students don't get to leave their blackness at the door when they enter for competition, right? They can pretend that they're not black, but that does not mean that everybody else is going to pretend that they are not black. Even when they speak, what arguments they make... When they open their mouths to make an argument, people are paying attention to the fact that it is coming out of a black body. They don't get to speak without race being a factor. Nobody gets to speak without race being a factor in a nation where race is a factor.
Now back to Ryan. He's 16 years old and he sees Marshana do this spoken word poetry thing. Starts to read more about Louisville and he's like, "I'm in."
I dedicated my debate career to discussing debate. Every debate. Every single one.
Every debate.
Every single one.
Fast forward. He graduates high school. Isn't sure he's going to go to college.
I was a first generation college student, so I really didn't know much about the process.
But then, early August 2008, he gets a message from a debate coach at a small in Kansas called Emporia State University.
And August 14 I was driving up to Emporia for college.
So Ryan gets there, gets paired up with a sophomore: Latoya Williams-Green.
Who's now the director of debate at Cal State [inaudible 00:32:22] best friend.
The two of them start debating together and over the course of a couple years, Ryan starts to get recognized.
He's winning speaker awards. He's making it into the outer rounds at tournaments. But it was an uphill battle.
She says that Ryan kept bumping into judges who weren't really into the whole three-tier approach to debate.
Yes. I lost a lot of debates before I won any of them.
And at this point, Latoya has graduated and he's debating a freshman on the team. He's halfway into senior year when his new debate partner flunked out of school.
At this point, it was either find somebody to debate with or my debate career was over.
What happens is Ryan is also close to one of my best friends who's one of my contemporaries, [Reshad 00:33:12] Evans, who was then a coach at Western Connecticut University. Basically, Reshad had this bombshell idea.
One day, they called Ryan up, and they were like, "What if you partnered up with this guy from Rutgers: Elijah Smith?"
The reason why particularly Reshad thought this was a good idea: first, Elijah was an astoundingly good debater. He just had excellent skills and traditional skills. But the other reason was that both Ryan and Elijah were queer black men.
The thinking was that you've got two guys standing at the intersection of two marginalized groups, and if they're going to try to make an argument about feeling excluded and invisible, well, they can own that argument better than almost anyone.
So I called him one night. It was 9:30 PM.
And he was like, "Hey, do you want to come debate with me?"
And he was like, "Dude, this is a lot. I can't really answer this right now." I was like, "I understand. I'm asking you to come move to Kansas for a semester, or what have you, and live..."
From Newark.
From Newark, New Jersey.
He called me back the next morning. It was like 8:00 AM my time. He was like, "I've already applied and everything." The next couple weeks he was down in Emporia. Elijah and I debated four tournaments together.
First tournament they won two matches, lost four.
I was very upset. I was heartbroken because I was senior and I was like, "I don't really do 2-4. But it's fine. It's okay."
Dr. Reid-Brinkley was actually at that tournament, and she said that watching Ryan and Elijah debate...
Was a hot mess.
They just didn't have any chemistry.
There was nothing persuasive about it. Nothing popped about it. It didn't really speak to the judges.
She remembers a time when Ryan came over to her apartment to talk to her and Reshad.
He was just like, "I don't know what we're doing wrong." He just didn't know why things weren't clicking. "What's not working? I don't know what's happening."
So the three of them were all talking, and Reshad... Ryan really looks up to Reshad because Reshad is also a queer black guy, but he's also like a really great debater.
And it was Reshad who said, "You're not being a queer black man. You're being a debater." Reshad would say things like, "You need to butch it out. You need to fem it up sometimes. Sometimes you need to duck walk on them. Sometimes you're going to have to vogue." He's saying be black. "You will always be black and queer in these spaces, so rather than attempting to hide parts of yourself, instead you should be fully you."
Ryan, with this in his head, went back to Elijah. And within a few weeks things started to click.
We were just like, "Here's what our roles are: this is what you do, this is what I do."
This debate is about debate that [inaudible 00:36:02] exclusions perpetuated by the negative...
I would start the debate...
This is our argument about how it is to [inaudible 00:36:07] the strategy that allows for us to not even be those niggers that you say we're supposed to be.
Ryan would preach.
I could reign in the choir, if you will.
That activity is effected by the same structural inequalities that allowed the hood to be segregated.
And then Elijah...
Elijah:
You as a competitor, [inaudible 00:36:22] offense, your argument about how I...
He did the middle speeches.
He dealt with logic, counter-arguments, things like that.
It isn't a question of black goals, it's a question of new epistemologies.
He was better at the game of debate.
Ryan said they went from practicing ethos, pathos, logos, to being it.
We embodied that methodology.
You tell me how their [inaudible 00:36:41] literally deconstructs those that sacrificed inside this debate. You probably...
And then I would end the debates.
That's the shit that our [inaudible 00:36:49] talks about. Now that's some real talk, sweetheart.
In their second tournament, they made it to the finals and they lost in a close decision. But their third tournament was actually a national tournament called CEDA: the Cross Examination Debate Association.
It's called the people's tournament.
And they won that tournament.
I was able to give a pretty good 2AR and we ended up squeaking the debate out.
And then, their fourth tournament... their final tournament together... it's actually the whole reason we're telling this story. It's the NDT.
The National Debate Tournament. That was the tournament.
My decision not to go for a [inaudible 00:37:25].
The NDT is this marathon of a debate tournament.
[inaudible 00:37:30].
It's like March Madness or something. It's held every year.
It lasts for four whole days and there's 13 rounds of debates, 78 teams.
The NDT is where Harvard is, Northwestern...
Georgetown...
That's the tournament that they prepare for.
That's the tournament those sorts of teams usually win.
So we're definitely the underdogs. An all black team had never gotten past quarterfinals of this tournament.
Things kick off Friday morning at 8:00 AM. Emporia versus Idaho State. And they beat Idaho State. At 11:45 AM, they take care of Puget Sound. 4:15 PM, they go against Oklahoma. Oklahoma actually beats them, but it's prelims, so it's not like they're out or anything. Then the crazy thing is that after the loss to Oklahoma, Ryan and Elijah go on a roll. They take USC, they roll over Emory, they beat not one, but two, different teams from Harvard. They beat Michigan State, and then on the last day they beat another team from the University of Michigan, then they go on to beat Wake Forest. That puts them in the semis, which has never been done before by a black team. Then they're against Oklahoma, who they beat and that puts them into the finals.
Everything is very surreal to me. We're in the finals of the NDT. Never happened before. We're also potentially about to unite the crowns, and what that means is win CEDA and the NDT. No team in history had ever done that.
And who were they up against?
They were going against a team that Ryan had already faced twice that year.
And lost every time.
The 14 time national debate champions, Northwestern University.
When this round gets set up between Northwestern and Emporia, one of the things that we've described it as is a clash of civilizations.
She says that about Northwestern because they have one of the biggest debate programs in the country.
They've got an entire hive mind with a hotel war room for them to strategize in.
And then it was us, these two queer black guys from Emporia, Kansas.
From a really small school with not a lot of resources. So it is like a David and Goliath story.
Let me explain the room to you all. This is the biggest room that I had ever debated in.
This hotel room that they have the debate happening in is a huge ballroom.
Speaker 18:
Welcome to the final round of the 2013 National Debate Tournament.
And this ballroom was packed.
The audience itself was segregated. One the right side of the room, Northwestern's side, it was packed full of their people. And then on our side, it was...
Was it like racially segregated, too?
It was.
Just to round this out...
The judges for this evening's debate are...
Near the front of room at a table were the judges, which included our guy Scott Harris.
And how many judges were judging this debate?
Five. Four men, one woman. All of them were white.
The affirmative team in tonight's debate will be Emporia State University.
Ryan and Elijah from Emporia, they were one side of the stage. On the other side of the stage are the two Northwestern students.
Arjun:
Wearing our Northwestern jerseys.
One was this guy.
I'm Arjun Vellayappan. I debated at Northwestern for four years.
The other was his partner: a young woman named...
Peyton Lee.
I don't know if she knew this, but she was like my college debate nemesis.
My partner Peyton, I was a sophomore, whereas my partner and Ryan on the other side were seniors.
And that was the thing that really getting me. It was going to be my last debate. It was Peyton's last debate. It was my last debate. We were seniors. This was it. College debate is the pros. It's the NFL. It's it.
Since it's their last debate, everybody gets up before their speeches to say thanks and bye.
I want to thank Northwestern for providing the opportunity to make debate a home.
And for myself...
This is Ryan.
This is my last debate.
This is going to be my goodbye, so it might take a bit.
This is Peyton.
Debate has been my family and my friends. It's my hardest work and my most rewarding play. It's taught me more than I could've ever dreamed. For that, I'm indebted to all of you. Every part of this community, and in particular a number of special people in my life.
It was a lot.
The topic for the year was whether or not the United States federal government should increase incentives for certain forms of alternative energies.
It was nuclear power, solar power, wind...
Or reduce restrictions on other forms of alternative energies.
Coal, natural gas, and oil.
So Ryan and Elijah were affirmative. They were supposed to argue something positive about how the US government should support solar energy production or should restrict coal usage and energy or whatever, but they're not going to debate that.
We had figured out that we wanted to talk about the idea of home.
In other words, energy isn't the most important conversation that we need to have. The conversation we need to have is whether this community can include people like Ryan, like Elijah.
Can we find home in debate?
Because that's how the community feels about itself: that this is a home place for a lot of people. There are people who grew up in debate, people who started debating when they were 12 and 13, went all the way through college. The people that you often develop that tightest friendships with, the people that have some of your coolest memories because you all spent the summer together going to debate camp, those people make up your family. There are people who make friends in debate when they're 13 that they keep until they die.
So Ryan is up first. To make his argument about his home...
Judy Garland references the great [inaudible 00:43:46] of Kansas when she told audiences that there was no place like home in the Wizard of Oz...
He starts about a movie.
Have you all seen The Wiz?
No, sorry.
Real quick synopsis. It's a 1978 film and what it is it like an all black cast version of the Wizard of Oz. So Michael Jackson is playing the Scarecrow. Richard Pryor is the Wiz. And Diana Ross is Dorothy.
That movie was just like, to me, it was the fear that Dorothy felt...
Dorothy:
Where am I? Where am I?
At the beginning of arriving to Oz.
The indivisible land of Oz.
Oz? I want to go home.
The point Ryan is making is that's how he felt too when he came into debate, when he was walking into that cafeteria.
There's a line where you say... let me find it... "When the Dorothys of this world think of energy, they don't think of thorium reactors, but the energy required to get out of bed and navigate the struggle.
Is that how you were tying it?
Yeah. Energy for us meant what it meant to get out of bed in the morning, what it meant to thrive in a world in which you were never meant to survive.
And for Dorothy...
She was able to reach a place of Oz.
Please, is there a way for me to get home?
Where you realize that all you ever needed in the first place was yourself.
Home? Inside me?
And that you had the power all along. That's part of what our argument was and that was part of what I was trying to say, was that I had been in debate for eight years at that point, and I was so sick and tired of people telling me that what I had to say about debate and what I thought about debate wasn't legit, when debate was a student-driven activity: that I have just as much to say about this topic as you do, and your claims are not any more valid than mine, and vice-versa.
Ryan ended his eight and half minute speech on this hopeful appeal.
You know, to never give up. We have to ease on down the road together. Dorothy can't just go by herself.
Judy Garland might have much over the fabulous Diana Ross, oh but honey, she did have one thing right in that is there no place, [inaudible 00:45:57], no place like home.
After a few minutes, Arjun, the sophomore from Northwestern...
I got up and I gave the first negative speech.
He started to make his argument.
The one that they had beat us with every time.
Called topicality, which basically says the topic has posited a question.
You know: "Should the US government alter its approach to energy policy?"
And we think the affirmative should have to answer that...
Or this isn't a real debate.
Well, first of all, I don't think the resolution is a question.
Second of all, nowhere in the rules does it say that you have to be topical.
This is a debate about [inaudible 00:46:47].
Our position was that debate should be theoretically fair. Both sides should be able to win.
And if you're going to come out here and argue that...
Racism is bad, debate is not a home...
We can't argue against that.
I'm not going to say debate isn't a home for me. I love it.
It's not fair to have to argue against that.
We form ourselves, as ourselves...
Is debate fair for now? Who is debate inclusive for now?
Is it actually fair if, in order to win a debate, you need to have a whole research team and debate camps that cost thousands of dollars to participate in...
Also, [inaudible 00:47:18].
There's a topic that's democratically voted upon by all the schools at the beginning of the year. Something about the topic should be mentioned just to give the negative respect: respect for the thousands of hours that my partner and I in the Northwestern debate team and other people in debate have spent researching energy and being prepared to talk about the intricacies of energy policy in the United States.
This went on for over an hour.
It was a lot happening.
And eventually, Arjun and Peyton start to focus their argument on their version on debate: the tradition version. "This is how you actually change the world: not by focusing on yourself, but doing research. It's being able to argue the affirmative side of something and the negative side of it, because people who learn those kinds of skills...
They can actually go and do things outside of debate.
Like deal in convoluted globalized trade negotiations, or solve global warming.
So after two hours of this, it's almost midnight. Ryan feels exhausted.
Yeah, but I felt it in the room that people were like, "We're not out of the debate. We can still win."
At this point, there's only one speech left, and it's Ryan's.
I was nervous. I knew it was last speech. I knew everybody in the audience was waiting on me. I just felt pressured and I had maybe five sentences written on a piece of copy paper. I looked over at Elijah and was kind of like, "Well, this is it. This is all I've got."
The audio quality of this speech is kind of terrible, but we're just going to let it play.
[inaudible 00:48:59] in this debate for you to both of teams that best performed [inaudible 00:49:02] methodologically bring this debate back home, I don't think they have really answered this [inaudible 00:49:07] argument that [inaudible 00:49:08] are not allowed in their debate. All of their evidence assumes the role of a good citizen or an engaged student in a democratic society. All of these assume an equal playing field for people, but [inaudible 00:49:18] discussion of the access or even the right to have a home in the first place. This leads to black [inaudible 00:49:23] our job [inaudible 00:49:24] in a moment of [inaudible 00:49:28] to be self-reflective that enabled them to speak out, as a way to engage and change our relationship to the world, and also to ourselves, which says that regardless of whether or not we're using the tools of the master or if we're just simply...
And Ryan says early that piece of paper he was holding...
I threw it. I start speaking from my soul, or what I will call the [shaunde 00:49:50].
The shaunde.
The shaunde is the place that encapsulates your soul and your loins.
Well, all right.
It's always about something not fair. It's always about a [inaudible 00:50:02] fucking [inaudible 00:50:03], but the question then becomes, how broad do we get? When does their research model ever access our portion of the library? When do we have a discussion about those individuals. Their method of debate has become foreclosed to those individuals who have already had access to homes now for what they are. Argument [inaudible 00:50:21] black [inaudible 00:50:22] bodies do not have a space that they can call home right now, and we need to join the struggle together. We need to hold hands and be [inaudible 00:50:30] Michael Jackson and ease on down the road together, which is exactly what our affirmative is. It allows us [inaudible 00:50:37] to raise the question of why is it that in debates it's a question of either/or instead of hand-and-hand.
Their notions of fairness is one that is always [inaudible 00:50:45] because debate is [inaudible 00:50:47] for who now? Debate is equal for who now? It's still leaves us out! Why do I have to make a forced choice? Why do I got to relegate another team to the exclusion, especially one that don't have another place to go, when debate has been the place where I come to share my views, perspectives, and opinions about a given subject? This is all the [inaudible 00:51:05] I got.
I don't know what the fuck I'm going to do when this debate is over. I don't know how I'm going to situate myself. But I know one thing that I'm going to do: I'm going to make [inaudible 00:51:13] that have never, ever fucking had a right to speak and have a debate in their own fucking house! Nobody ask me about energy production! Nobody asked me what it means to get out of bed in the morning, which is why [inaudible 00:51:26] never, ever, fucking [inaudible 00:51:28] me! We are the education that your model of debate bring [inaudible 00:51:32] because we can you teach you some shit about yourself and how you're complacent with the strategies in debate that allow us to be exclusionary to other individuals. Our fucking job...
There was portions of the speech that I don't remember giving. Apparently there was a part where I almost took my shirt off. I almost ripped my shirt off. Like, I don't remember that. I had to pause because I was trying to get out of that zone and come back to provide a voice of reason, but as I kind of slowed down to do that the crowd started clapping. I had 50 seconds left. I still have to answer this last thing. I still have to extend this piece of evidence. Oh shit, I didn't say anything about warming. What do I do? What do I do? What do I do?
I just was like, "I don't know. This is reason enough to vote affirmative. Forget it."
I think that the judges should vote affirmative in this debate. Blessings on [inaudible 00:52:35].
And then, I walked over and shook their hands. I gave Elijah a hug. And then I walked out of the room and went and smoked a cigarette.
At that point as a judge, I took a deep breath, packed up my notes. I put noise-canceling headphones on my head. I found a room where there was no one else around and I could have total quiet and think about what had been said.
Now, Scott says that he felt like the debate was close, like it was going to be a tight vote.
So I sit down and I look at my notes. I relisten to the last couple of speeches that I had recorded several times.
On one hand, Northwestern presented a lot a good research, and a lot of it he agreed with. On the other hand, Peyton and Arjun are saying, "If you have these skills then you're going to be better prepared to go talk in front of Congress or something." But Scott says, "If you just listen to Ryan and Elijah, they sound more persuasive. You can't convince that somebody who sounds like that isn't actually also prepared to do those things." Ryan and Elijah's whole presentation is actually proof that Peyton and Arjun's argument is invalid.
At the same time, he thought, "There have to be things that we all just agree on as our starting point."
And if the alternative is a world in which the affirmative can come into a debate and talk about anything they want to talk about, then the ability to make that a fair competitive environment seems a little problematic.
I think Scott was torn.
It took me about 45 minutes to an hour to decide who I thought won the debate.
Are you all ready?
Ryan says that when he was sitting there waiting for the decision to be announced...
I was very convinced that we lost.
And eventually...
They announced the decision...
The three-two decision. Three judges voted for Emporia and two for Northwestern.
He was like, "It's a 3-2 for the affirmative from Emporia."
My partner Elijah jumped up. He was like, "Yeah!" People were crying.
I mean, if you could have seen this room erupt into joy... I was in tears watching this historic moment happen because I had been around for so long and I'd watched so many black debaters fail to make it to that top point.
I stood there and I was like, "Oh my god. Oh my god. Oh my god. Oh my god." I said it like a million times. "Oh my god. Oh my god. Oh my god."
What swayed Scott in the end?
He actually published this 11 page essay all about his decision explaining why he voted the way he did. There's a lot in there, but what I take away from it is that while maybe he didn't like that there was a disregard for the topic, he would've liked it a whole lot less if Ryan and Elijah hadn't been in the room.
I mean, debate itself is incredibly important to me. Debate has been the greatest influence in shaping who I am as a person. In many ways, I view debate as my home, and given that it was a debate that challenged and criticized the activity that I have made a home for the last 40 years, that pointed out weaknesses, it caused me to reflect.
Wow. So their argument really worked.
I find this kind of like it's either a segregating or an integrating event. My sense is that it's integrating. In a racially chilly world, this is a strangely warm spot.
Are you saying no?
When asked about how he felt about winning this tournament, I expected him to be really celebratory and tell me that it changed his life. He was the first black student to win this tournament and it seemed important to me. But he didn't really go there.
You don't seem as proud as I want you to seem. Why don't you?
You know, it was a good thing for history, and it was a good thing to motivate people. I just want to stay focused.
It was an important win. It was significant. It was powerful. It was beautiful. But it was very clear to us very early on that not much had changed by the time we got into the next year.
Shanara Reid-Brinkley says that since Ryan's win there's a backlash. The next year another black team broke through. It was two black women this time, and that caused this big controversy and people were saying that the state of debate was ruined. In that same year, you even had a group of schools breaking off to form their own tournament where performance styles wouldn't be invited.
I think all of this makes Ryan not really know how to feel about his win. Maybe sometimes, for him, it can feel like an anomaly.
It sort of seems like there's a series of accidents here. You're in school, where accidentally you have a teacher who pushes you... pretty much forces you... into something which suddenly takes you over. You turn out to be peculiarly good at it, almost by accident. Then you're thrown into this sequence of events where you get to meet Elijah and then almost by accident you become a champion and then suddenly it's over.
The whole thing feels strangely lonely. Lonely, but beautiful. I wonder how it feels to you.
Ironically, the same.
That is the first time that you've agreed with Robert this entire interview.
Oh, stop. I just got to give him a hard time and vice-versa.
Huge thanks to Abigail Keel for reporting that piece. Abigail works for an amazing podcast called the Longest Shortest Time. You should definitely check them out. Thank you Hillary Frank for letting us borrow Abigail. This piece was produced by Mr. Matthew Kielty.
We also had original music from Matt and from Dylan Keefe.
And special thanks to Will Baker...
[Myar Milum 00:59:50]...
John Delimore...
Sam [Mour 00:59:53]...
Tiffany Dillard-Knox and Mary Mudd...
Daren Chief Elliot...
And Jody Hobb...
And Reshad Evans.
Okay, I'm Jad Abumrad.
Start of message.
Hi, this Arjun Vellayappan from the debate story. I'm just calling to read out the text for the credits, so here goes nothing.
Radiolab is produced by Jad Abumrad. Dylan Keefe is the director. Sound design is Lauren Wheeler. Senior editor [inaudible 01:00:26] and Molly Webster, with help from Alexandria Lee Young, Tracie Hunte, Stefanie [inaudible 01:00:35], and Michael [inaudible 01:00:35]. Our fact checkers are Eva Astrid and Michelle Harris.
Thanks. Looking forward to the story. Bye.
End of message.
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Two methods are widely used for the design of transitions from circular to rectangular box sections. One method is based on a straight line variation of area between the circular section and rectangular box section with the provision of circular corners. This method results in a surface profile that is difficult to form, varying from a parabolic curve to a straight line; if approximations are made in the surface profile, an uneven surface results. The second method is based on the provision of oblique circular quarter cones at the corners, with radius of the circular corners varying in a straight line from zero at the rectangular box section to radius R at the circular section. With this method, a straight line variation in area is not achieved; a very serious hydraulics defect is. The method described in this paper is a modification of previous methods to achieve an almost straight line variation in area through the transition, with a minimum cost in form work. This method is based on the travel of a point on a circular section through the length of transition to its corresponding point on a rectangular box section. The circular section gradually takes the shape of the rectangular box section within the transition, with no concentration of flow at any section of the transition, due to geometric change of shape. The proposed method is also applicable to any other type of transition, e.g., from circular to standard horseshoe shape.


This fall, Evodos will launch the new Evodos 10.
Based on a successful demonstration of the Evodos technology onsite, Mook Sea Farm purchased an Evodos 50 to expand the algae harvesting capacity.
EVODOS ALGAE HARVESTER RECENTLY INSTALLED IN CANADA!
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MARBIONC is an R&D-based economic development program based at the University of North Carolina Wilmington that discovers, develops and markets new products and technologies derived from laboratory cultures of microalgae and bacteria.


text:
DepositS12 - The Canberra Viewpoint, then Hotline, then ACOA Canberra, the Official Journal of the Administrative and Clerical Officers' Association Commonwealth Public Service ACT Branch
Deposit S12 - The Canberra Viewpoint, then Hotline, then ACOA Canberra, the Official Journal of the Administrative and Clerical Officers' Association Commonwealth Public Service ACT Branch
AU NBAC S12
The Canberra Viewpoint, then Hotline, then ACOA Canberra, the Official Journal of the Administrative and Clerical Officers' Association Commonwealth Public Service ACT Branch
Nov 1960 - Apr 1989 (with gaps) (Creation)
Administrative and Clerical Officers' Association, Commonwealth Public Service
The association was first registered in Victoria in 1913 under the name the Australian Commonwealth Public Service Clerical Association. The name was changed in 1919 to the Commonwealth Public Service Clerical Association and in 1956 to the Administrative & Clerical Officers' Association, Commonwealth Public Service. After a further change of name in 1982, this time to the Administrative & Clerical Officers' Association, Australian Government Employment, the union merged with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Staff Union and the Australian Public Service Association so that, in 1989, it eventually became known as the Australian Public Sector & Broadcasting Union, Australian Government Employment.
Started as The Canberra Viewpoint in November 1960 to November 1968, one issue called Viewpoints in March 1969, before being renamed Hotline from 1969 to 1984, and then from 1985 to 1989 named ACOA Canberra. Not a complete set but there are numerous issues for most years.
Administrative and Clerical Officers' Association, Commonwealth Public Service (Creator)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
// CoffeeScript compilation. This must be enabled by modification
// of Gruntfile.js.
//
// The `bare` option is used since this file will be transpiled
// anyway. In CoffeeScript files, you need to escape out for
// some ES6 features like import and export. For example:
//
// `import User from 'appkit/models/user'`
//
// Post = Em.Object.extend
//   init: (userId) ->
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//
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module.exports = {
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    options: {
      bare: true
    },
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      src: ['**/*.coffee', '!vendor/**/*.coffee'],
      dest: 'tmp/javascript/tests',
      ext: '.js'
    }]
  },
  "app": {
    options: {
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};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Javier Delgado-Granados, Director of Marketing, Walmart Stores Inc.
Javier Delgado-Granados has 18 years of experience in marketing retail and packaged goods targeted at multicultural audiences. He has a track record of successfully developing marketing, advertising and promotional strategies that not only connect with the consumer in a culturally relevant manner, but also deliver quantifiable business results.
Prior to joining Walmart in 2010, Delgado-Granados held the role of Multicultural Marketing Manager at Dr Pepper Snapple Group, driving consumer programs focused on Hispanic consumers for brands such as Dr Pepper, 7UP, Clamato and Squirt, among others. He is a veteran of the Hispanic advertising and communications industry having held various key roles at agencies including DRAFTFCB, The Vidal Partnership, Casanova Pendrill and Dieste, Harmel, & Partners.
The Latin Business Association is pleased be an Association Partner with Multicultural Retail 360 Summit 2015 and extremely proud to have Walmart Stores, Inc. as an LBA Corporate Partner.


text:
Hillary Clinton's reaction to defeat was grossly unpresidential
by Adam November 12, 2016 13.2k Views
The contrasting reactions of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton to the results of the US election offers an instructive insight into each individual's fitness to be president.
Reports have surfaced that Hillary Clinton had been crying uncontrollably after realising her political career is over. She may also have been worried about the prospect of a long retirement in prison. This behaviour demonstrates that she was never fit to be a leader of anything, let alone of a nuclear superpower.
The only time it is fit for a leader to cry is for love of one's country, at the heroes who have fallen in battle or at the death of one who was dear to his or her heart.
I remember when President Putin won his election in 2012, he teared up briefly when thinking of his love for Russia. These are the tears of strength, not those of self-pity and pompous rage. I too tear up when hearing the songs of the Great Patriotic War or when I consider the sacrifices of those brave soldiers who fought to free the world from the monster of fascism. But I have never cried at a professional blow and have no time for those who do.
By contrast, when the results of Trump's win arrived at his headquarters, whilst others cheered, he remained silent, dignified and straight-faced. This is the look of a confident man who does not need to indulge in fits of hysteria to indicate that he received a desired result. This is the kind of individual that makes a good leader, one who is not inconsolable in defeat nor gloating and childish in victory.
Imagine if Congress overrode a Hillary Clinton veto, imagine if a foreign power did not accept her proposed trade deal, imagine if as happened to Barack Obama in China and the recent G20 summit, she was forced to exit through the backside of a plane onto the tarmac, rather than receive a standard red-carpet greeting, would she cry then?
Her Saudi double-agent in chief, Huma Abedin was also photographed crying in the streets. What is wrong with these people? It is clear that they have no shame about murdering civilians in Syria, Libya and Yemen, but now they do not have even the dignity to keep composure due to something which hasn't cost their lives, but may potentially save the lives of others.
Huma, you ought to save those teas for the children burnt alive by the Saudi military and their terrorist proxies.
And Hillary – why not shed a tear for those murdered in Libya including your own ambassador, whose blood is on your hands.
It is clear that these psychotic cry babies who weep for their own professional loss but are stone hearted about the killing of civilians are not fit to hold office. I wonder sometimes if they are even fit to be called human beings?
Donald TrumpHillary ClintonHuma Abedinnot fit to serve
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This training session is aimed at teachers working with young learners and looks at the topic of e-safety. Nowadays more and more tech tools are emerging which can be used to help young learners practise their English. If we choose to integrate these into our classroom contexts, how can we guarantee maximum safety for the students and for ourselves? In a world where data is shared often with little consideration for privacy and the serious consequences which can occur, we might prefer to avoid tech altogether. However, by raising awareness and promoting good practice, we can help YLs become more aware of the dangers and encourage positive online behaviour.
To raise teachers' awareness of the risks involved with the integration of digital tools in young learner (YL) classrooms.
To offer practical ideas to teachers who want to integrate digital tools with YL classes.
This input session was contributed by Helen Legge. The session plan and presentation are available to download below.


text:
Petco unleashes new leadership to grow small-format stores
Apr 22, 2014 9:58am
Petco (NASDAQ:PETC) has promoted Brad Weston to president of its Unleashed by Petco subsidiary in San Diego. In his new role, Weston will drive all future strategy and operations for Unleashed by Petco, the chain's division of roughly 100 small-format neighborhood stores.
Unleashed stores provide a narrow assortment of mostly dog and cat products with a focus on natural foods and brands "made in the USA." These smaller-format locations also offer services such as dog training, vaccination clinics and pet parties, as well as grooming and self-service pet washing at select locations.
Petco introduced Unleashed by Petco in 2009. A total of 38 new Unleashed stores were opened throughout the U.S. in 2013.
Weston, who has been serving as exec-VP and CMO, will continue to lead merchandising for the Petco brand. He joined Petco in October 2011 and has worked closely with Petco's store operations team to drive product leadership and customer engagement strategies. Prior to his Petco post, Weston held various leadership positions in merchandising for other retailers, including Dick's Sporting Goods, Golf Galaxy and Robinsons-May.
Many retailers are experimenting with new, smaller-format stores as a way to attract in-store shoppers and build more locations in urban areas. DSW (NYSE:DSW) known for its massive, warehouse-style shoe outlets, is experimenting with more small-format stores. The company plans to build 34 new Yellow Box standalone stores in fiscal 2014.
Walmart (NYSE:WMT) has also been actively exploring the small-format store expansions. The company opened its first Walmart to Go convenience store on March 15 in Bentonville, Ark., and is also testing several 2,500-square-foot, college-based convenience retail outlets called Walmart on Campus. In February, Walmart announced plans to build 270 to 300 small stores in the next 12 months, doubling its initial forecast of 120 to 150.
-See this Petco press release
DSW to open Yellow Box concept stores
Walmart debuts first Walmart To Go convenience store
RadioShack opens two new concept stores
Ann Inc. to open 4 Lou & Grey concept stores this fall
Samsung taps Carphone Warehouse for concept stores in Europe


Swimming Pool Drawing #1 - Swimming Pool Oil Pastel And Watercolour Resist Inspired was published in July 21, 2018 at 10:00 pm. If you wish to manage this image as your PC background, you may click the download link at the bottom or you may just right click on the image above and select "Save Image As" to download the Swimming Pool Drawing #1 - Swimming Pool Oil Pastel And Watercolour Resist Inspired or by choose the "Set Desktop Background As" choice if your internet browser has that option. If you could not obtain the the most beautiful image you are hoping for, you shall go for "Search Column" at top right or browse other photo wallpapers which you want. This picture has the photo size is 1409kB and the dimension of 1493x1055. Swimming Pool Drawing #1 - Swimming Pool Oil Pastel And Watercolour Resist Inspired has been seen by 35 viewers and it is a picture from Swimming Pool Drawing.


Mikel Obi's girlfriend, Olga has revealed that she's not planning to have anymore kids after their twin daughters.
She disclosed this in a series of chats with Mikel Obi's fans on his Instagram. See one of the IG posts reaffirming her stand below.


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1994: November 26-December 2
Graeme Goodings leaves Seven Adelaide
ABC to cut 400 staff
On the eve of the 2013 election, then opposition leader Tony Abbott succinctly promised "no cuts to the ABC or SBS".
ABC staffers today learned that 400 jobs will go amid a restructure that will see television production wound down in the smaller capital cities.
The corporation is also embarking on a program of 40 efficiency measures to absorb some of the $200 million being cut from funding over the next four years, on top of the $120 million that was announced in May. This includes the sale of some properties, such as Lanceley Place in Sydney and some regional outposts, and possible amalgamation of some purchasing activities with SBS.
There will also be a change to foreign bureau arrangements, including setting up a Beirut post but restructuring or closing others.
In a statement issued today, ABC managing director Mark Scott said:
"We anticipate that more than 400 people – close to 10 per cent of our ongoing workforce – face potential redundancy as we adjust our activities over coming months."
"We regard the changes as vital to securing the long-term health of the organisation but I acknowledge that is no comfort to those who will lose their positions."
The key changes for the television platform include the axing of the state-based Friday editions of 7.30, the closure of non-news production from Adelaide and the winding down of non-news production from the other smaller capitals.
Lateline is being shifted from ABC to ABC News 24, while sports coverage across ABC television is to be reviewed with a focus on national sporting events, and the fleet of outside broadcast vans is to be rationalised.
Two new divisions will be created to enhance regional and online coverage.
Mr Scott will be visiting ABC branches in each state and territory over the coming days to brief staff on any changes and to answer questions.
Today's announcement from the ABC come as public rallies have been held around the country to protest cuts to the national broadcaster following Mr Abbott's prior pledge to not make any cuts to ABC or SBS.
Source: ABC
ABC, Lateline, SBS, The 7.30 Report
Permanent link to this article: https://televisionau.com/2014/11/abc-to-cut-400-staff.html


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Abebe Bikila running barefoot in Rome.
Running in Vibram FiveFingers Bikila EVO Shoes is like running barefoot. And running barefoot can, it is said, return you to a better, injury-free way of running.
That's the whole point of the Vibram experience – to reproduce what it is like to walk or run barefoot. And who better to name a running shoe that replicates the barefoot experience than Abebe Bikila, the famed two-time gold medalist who famously came out of nowhere to win the 1960 Rome Olympics marathon…sans socks and shoes.
The shoe manufacturer, Vibram, has marketed shoes called the Vibram Bikila, trademarking the name of the famous Ethiopian athlete in 2010. In February, 2015, Teferi Bikila, the son of Abebe, filed a lawsuit against Vibram to cease using the Bikila name as the family never granted permission.
"The Bikilas unreasonably delayed in seeking to enforce their rights, and this unreasonable delay prejudiced Vibram," wrote Judge Ronald Leighton.
In other words, the other shoe dropped.


text:
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Adidas annual report
In the meanwhile, the 'Muscle-Up' turnaround at Reebok is in full motion.
Inwe improved brand desire in most of these cities by delivering extraordinary experiences to our consumers. Athletes will not settle for average. As well, the money it spent producing its shoes grew by just 12 percent, from around 9.
By partnering up with the world's best athletes and teams, we build communities of advocates. Sasol shared the top spot with the Norwegian energy company, Statoil, followed in third by the global sportswear company, Adidas.
Their job is to make sure we implement our strategy with excellence in every category and market, and to promote the development of future leaders, with a focus on female talent. Our strategy might span only until but, like any athlete, we keep aiming for better.
Kering announces it will spin off its stake in Puma to its shareholders [78] Shop our selection of adidas women's shoes, clothing accessories at.
This core belief guides the way we run our company, how we work with our partners, how we create our products, and how we engage with our consumers. Through our actions, we challenge and inspire everyone to contribute to a more sustainable future.
Milan announced an official long-term partnership, effective on 1 July Footwear made up the largest share in Also, Adidas remained high competition in top-tier cities like Shanghai and Beijing.
Shop for NMD sneakers and clothing like t-shirts leggings from adidas Originals. From the beginning of to the start ofAdidas improved from 8. By partnering up with the world's best athletes and teams, we build communities of advocates.
Save on Adidas at JCPenney ae. Our mission is to be the best sports company in the world by staying authentic to all athletes, tailoring to their unique needs, tastes, and experiences. Their job is to make sure we implement our strategy with excellence in every category and market, and to promote the development of future leaders, with a focus on female talent.
No great athlete succeeds by copying their predecessors' training plans and strategies. Transformation into a stock corporation.
Look to supportive ankle straps in your high tops that add total stability during prick movements. We play to win. News Archive Adidas continues strong. Through our products and services, we aim to contribute to a healthy society.
PUMA is the first sports shoe manufacturer to use vulcanization. Our strategy Creating the New paired with an athlete's mindset enables us to deliver sustainable value for our stakeholders, our employees, and for society at large - now and in the future.
But we are far from the finish line. The reason we have to do some guesswork here is that Adidas does not give more granular numbers because it does not want to give its competitors to clear of a view of its internal operations.
This is not easy because Adidas tells us next to nothing about Yeezy. Today the company has a global workforce of approximately 57, Adidas annual report.
Investors need to have a handle on any prospective company's financial position as a jumping off point. You should understand that a number of important factors could cause actual results to differ materially from the plans, objectives, expectations, estimates and intentions expressed in such forward-looking statements.
Our partnership with Parley for the Oceans is a prime example: Leadership in Action Confidence, Collaboration, and Creativity are the foundations of the leadership framework we launched globally last year - it defines what great leadership at adidas looks like.
Measured against all Adidas sales, Yeezy comes in at less than 1 percent. Trust CiCi to get back to the issue at hand. Collaboration with celebrities and fashion designers is a common strategy amongst these leading sports brands, as they aim to maintain their share of the market by broadening their product lines.Adidas Group doesn't provide the Operating Margin figure for Adidas.
Also known as ROS - Return on Sales, it measures the percentage of sales revenue that gets 'returned' to. adidas at a glance. adidas has its roots in Germany but we are a truly global company. Around the world we employ nearly 57, people. Employees from about nations are working at our global HQ in Herzogenaurach, Germany – the 'World of Sports'.
NIKE is a Growth Company. Adidas AG (German: [ˈʔadiˌdas]; stylized as ɑdidɑs since ) is a multinational corporation, founded and headquartered in Herzogenaurach, Germany, that designs and manufactures shoes, clothing and dominicgaudious.net is the largest sportswear manufacturer in Europe, and the second largest in the world, after Nike.
It is the holding company for the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok. Market Research: Adidas in China Basic Background of Adidas in China. The company Adidas Sports (China) Ltd entered China and headquartered in Shanghai in with a core business of men's and women's sportswear and footwear.
The company also entered the market of children's wear in Your bookmarks. Personalise.
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Respect the nature


Would it trouble you if scientists discover that a multiverse actually exists?
I see two issues in formulating a response to this question. First, does the multiverse conflict with Christianity? Second, how does the multiverse impact apologetics? I have addressed the former question in a previous TNRTB so I will focus on the latter question here.
In order for a strictly naturalistic multiverse model to provide an adequate explanation for this universe and our existence, it must meet a number of requirements.
First, the multiverse model must be self-contained. Christianity argues that the universe has a beginning (and thus a cause, or Beginner) and that the universe exhibits design such that human life has a suitable habitat. A naturalistic model cannot exhibit a beginning or true design because that requires an external agent—a Beginner or a Designer. Thus, any multiverse model must explain the apparent design acknowledged by the scientific community without having any aspect of the model reflect fine-tuning.
Second, any successful multiverse model must account for all observations and data. In other words, any proposed multiverse model must naturally produce a region that looks like this observable universe. Additionally, any multiverse model must also make predictions about what scientists will detect in our observable universe. Otherwise, no scientific tests can verify or falsify the model because, by definition, the proposed multiverse forever lies beyond the reach of observations.
Third, the models must provide a mechanism that produces a sufficient variety of universes. A popular argument says that a monkey typing away for an enormously long time will eventually reproduce the complete works of Shakespeare. However, the argument is only true if the keyboard contains all the letters of the alphabet as well as any necessary punctuation. With a keyboard of vowels only, the monkey will never produce any readable work regardless of how long it types. Similarly, unless a multiverse model produces a sufficient variety of universes, it cannot explain the fine-tuning observed in the laws of physics, the fundamental constants, and the characteristics of Earth, Sun, Moon, planets, and galaxy.
Fifth, and most importantly, life must be completely physical. Although this requirement flows from the first, it bears separate mention to highlight its importance. All multiverse models I have encountered so far implicitly make the assumption that life is completely physical. However, if human life has a nonphysical component, such as the image of God, then no amount of twiddling the laws of physics and rearranging the stuff of the universe will produce a human being without divine intervention.
In evaluating multiverse models, one must keep these requirements in mind. I think it reasonable for the naturalist to assume that inflationary cosmology could produce a large number of universes that operate under different laws of physics and that this universe is one of those universes. Although both of these assumptions need further verification, multiverse advocates have put forth models currently consistent with requirements three and four.
In contrast, I have shown how robust arguments demonstrate that the multiverse must still have a beginning. Thus a strictly naturalistic multiverse fails the first requirement.
Similarly, the idea of Boltzmann brains means that our universe appears odd in the multiverse. Remember, sentient life abounds in a naturalistic multiverse model. Either the existence of Boltzmann brains means that we are atypical observers or the multiverse-generating mechanism must be fine-tuned in order to not produce Boltzmann brains. Either way, our existence appears fine-tuned. Once again, the naturalistic multiverse fails the first requirement.
In the next two "Multiverse Musings" I want to address the second and fifth requirements. An important piece of evidence for the observable universe's geometry as well as last month's musings indicate that multiverse models may not pass requirement two.
I am almost 100% confident that a Level I multiverse exists. However, I would argue that the term "multiverse" in this context is somewhat of a misnomer. After all, the essential point of a Level I multiverse is simply that space does not end at the farthest reaches astronomers can observe. From a scientific perspective, a Level I multiverse fails requirement three. I am more ambivalent about the existence of a Level II multiverse. Mainstream scientific views on inflation provide some evidence for a Level II multiverse, although much more speculatively than Level I.
In the end, I don't personally see any significant biblical problems with God creating a multiverse that accounts for some of the design aspects of our universe. On the other hand, even if the multiverse exists, it still poses significant problems for a strictly naturalistic view.
If you would like to see a question about the multiverse addressed in this forum, send it to multiverse@reasons.org.


This embroidery was inspired by the Horseshoe Arches and Mosaic Tiles of Andalusia in the warm evening glow of the sun.
The background was painted with silk paints in muted colours using a wet in wet technique allowing the colours to merge. When dry the background was printed all over with geometric patterns from wooden print blocks to hint at the complexity of the mosaic tiles.
The Horseshoe Arch was then printed on top and further geometric patterns printed in gold paint.
The whole piece was then hand stitched using a variety of stitches in various threads including metallics.
Finally a few small gold beads were added as highlights and a final layer of texture.


text:
describe('makeSelectPrototypeExplorerDomain', () => {
  it('Expect to have unit tests specified', () => {
    expect(true).toEqual(true);
  });
});


In the following excerpt, what does the word RETALIATE mean?
Darrell knew he did not stand a chance against Jermaine in a fight, and he knew if he told one of the adults, Jermaine would RETALIATE the next time no one was watching.
In the following excerpt, what does the word wavering mean?
"I'll miss you, man," Darrell said, his voice wavering.
In the following excerpt, what does the word intact mean?
Darrell was glad to find that most of the fruit was intact. Only six oranges were too crushed to keep.
"Jason and I are so proud that you are wrestling, and I was happy to see that you wanted to go to the dance. That takes a lot of courage, especially for someone new to the school. But with all that, you still don't seem happy. You walk around like you got something on your mind all the time. Any every time I ask, you say, I'm fine, Mom."
Mom and Uncle Jason are proud that Darrell is wrestling.
Darrell always tells his mom that he's fine.
Even though Darrell has become more active, Mom still can tell he's not happy.
In the following excerpt, what does the word grateful mean?
The winter recess had come, and Bluford High was closed for the Christmas and New Year's holidays. Darrell was grateful he did not have to set foot in the classroom for awhile. He did not want to see Amberlynn.


Workout Wonder boosts you into action pre-workout and helps you recover with an uplifting cocktail of herbs and extracts. A gym-bag must!
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Workout Wonder™, ideal before and after any exercise or when you need an rapid blast of revitalisation. It boosts you into action so you get the best from your workout and then helps you recover by infusing your skin with its incredible uplifting cocktail of herbs and extracts. Rapidly cooling and revitalising with an Essential Oil Blend. This incredible blend of essential oils and extracts, including Mentha Arvensis Leaf Oil, Citrus Lemon Peel Oil and Cypress Leaf Oil help ease and relax muscles. Smells amazing too!
We've made all our Mio formulas even cleaner with our evolved No Nasties policy. Workout Wonder is totally free from parabens, petrolatum, colourants, xenoestrogens, PEGs and pthalates.
Horse Chestnut and Horsetail Extracts, rich in natural Magnesium.
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Spearmint Leaf (Mentha Viridis) Oil and Peppermint (Mentha Piperita) Oil Freshening, cleansing and stimulating.
Fig Extract, Shea and Murumuru Butter Powerful moisturising actives that balance skin to keep it looking smooth and supple.
Perfect pre or post workouts.
I'm a complete fitness addict. I work as a group exercise instructor and personal trainer, in addition I'm a fitness competitor so I train hard almost everyday. An occupational hazard is that my muscles often ache after a heavy training session. If they're too painful it makes teaching incredibly challenging so I've tried many different creams and remedies to help. I was introduced to Workout Wonder three years ago whist at an industry convention in the US and a bottle has been in my gym bag ever since. It REALLY helps ease the heavy, tender, aching feeling and keeps me moving. It has an amazing minty smell and you can actually feel it working just a few minutes after application by giving the area a warming tingle. I've recommended it to friends and clients alike and have since brought numerous other Mio products and have never been disappointed. Thank you Mio. You keep me moving and able to do what I love to do!
This is fab and versatile. Primarily used for when you ache after doing great work down the gym but this is also really good for general aches and pains. I often suffer with back pain and instead of taking ibuprofen, I use this gel and it works for me. I have also used very small amounts on my temples when suffering with a migraine and it has helped.
I don't usually write reviews, but I was so impressed I felt I had to. I returned to the gym after 2 months out due to injury. I did what I thought was a light workout compared to my pre injury levels, and to say I was aching the next day was an understatement. Then I remembered I had a trial sample of this workout wonder gel, I didn't think it would make any difference but I put it all over my sore aching muscles. Honestly within about 30mins my muscle ache was dramatically reduced!! The smell is lovely and fresh and invigorating and the gel felt nice, cold and tingly, it absorbed immediately and wasn't sticky. Suffice to say, I immediately bought a full sized bottle.
I first discovered Workout Wonder when I was given it as a birthday gift. The timing was perfect as, at the age of 44, I had just started on a new fitness regime of rowing, tennis and running, having spent years running around after my children but failing to do enough exercise myself. I had permanent muscle ache in one area or another until I used Workout Wonder. Not only does it soothe and cool tired, aching muscles and prevent that 'day after' stiffness, but it almost seems to help firm everything up! Used before exercise it makes muscles last longer before the ache sets in. It is definitely better than an ice bath and smells fantastic too. I would wholeheartedly recommend it.


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LSC Maria Morales Levy Receives Community Pride Award
Photo by Univision Television Group
The Center is proud to share that Latino Services Coordinator Maria Morales Levy was presented with the Community Pride Award from Univision North Carolina on October 30, 2013. Maria was bestowed this honor for her dedication to improving the well-being of the North Carolina Hispanic community. The award, given annually to a select few individuals, recognizes Maria for her hard work and commitment to serving Latino/a survivors of sexual violence in her provision of crisis intervention services, support groups, parent education programs, and child sexual abuse prevention programs.
Maria said, "Today, I received the highest honor conferred to me because it comes from the people, by the people – from the community." Maria also noted that she "…receives this honor moved and with much love and humility."
Maria works tirelessly to support survivors and their loved ones, and she continues to develop and expand the Center's Latino Services Program in culturally competent and meaningful ways.
Since Maria started at the Center in January 2011, the Center has seen more than a 400% increase in Spanish-speaking clients, a testament to her ability to reach out and serve this community in supportive ways. When accepting this honor, Maria shared that she "…receives it for everybody – on behalf of each one of the advocates; people from different agencies, institutions, and media; and individuals with whom we work…who have unbreakable spirits and above all, the hope to support survivors in their healing processes and prevent and end violence."
Learn more about our Spanish-language services here. Find resources in Spanish here.
Watch the Univision segment about Maria's award here:
http://ocrcc.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Orgullo-2013-Maria-Levy.flv


Infinite Campus is the online gradebook for PVSchools. It allows parents to access grade, attendance and other information to track their child's academic progress.
To log into Infinite Campus, you will need to access your username and password.
Enter the email address you provided on your student's emergency card. Each parent listed on the emergency card who provides a unique email address can access their login.
Please contact your child's school if you need additional assistance.
Infinite Campus is available for iPhone and Android - for free!
Visit your app store and search for Infinite Campus.
After downloading and launching the app, enter the full District name Paradise Valley Unified School District and then select the state from the drop down menu to access our district's data.