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ICLG.com Practice areas Business Crime The Developing Partnership Between Financial Institutions and Law Enforcement
The Developing Partnership Between Financial Institutions and Law Enforcement: Business Crime 2019
The ICLG to: Business Crime Laws and Regulations covers common issues in business crime – including criminal law enforcement, organisation of courts, corporate criminal liability, statutes of limitations, initiation of investigations, procedures of gathering information – in 29 jurisdictions.
Claiborne (Clay) W. Porter
Navigant Consulting
Robert Dedman
History of Information Sharing Between Financial Institutions and Law Enforcement
Existing Practices
Suggested Enhancements in the U.S.
Financial institutions of all types, regulators, and law enforcement across the globe recognise the vital importance of information sharing in the fight against terrorism and financial crime. Experience has shown that efficient, timely information sharing by a bank, broker-dealer, or a money services business (MSB) with law enforcement can often help prevent a terrorist attack or dismantle a crime syndicate.1 Indeed, according to the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering (FATF), which was founded in 1989 on the initiative of the G7 to develop policies to combat money laundering (ML), "[E]ffective information sharing is one of the cornerstones of a well-functioning anti-money laundering/counter-terrorist financing (AML/CTF) framework".
A. Required Information Sharing vs. Public-Private Partnerships
Information sharing through formal reporting requirements and statutorily required committees composed of law enforcement and members of the financial services industry is the typical mechanism through which these entities share information. As a general matter, this method of information sharing is most often in the form of information being passed from the financial institution to law enforcement – the financial institution reports suspicious activity to law enforcement, or another regulatory authority.
Public-private partnerships, on the other hand, are a two-way street. Typically set up in the form of a committee or a working group, these partnerships have representation from both the public sector (federal, state, and/or local law enforcement and regulatory authorities) and the private sector (banks, MSBs, broker-dealers, and other financial institutions). Membership in the partnership may often depend on the committee or working group's area of focus, such as financial crime typologies. Ideally, it is intended that information flows freely in these partnerships among the members, and each member reaps a benefit from participation. For example, if typologies are the focus, banking representatives share information with law enforcement on a specific ML typology they have found in their compliance work. Law enforcement and regulators would in turn share information that would help the bank when identifying certain typologies or schemes related to typologies, which may help the banks adjust and adapt their transaction monitoring or refine how their financial intelligence unit (FIU) is conducting investigations into these typologies, as appropriate.
B. Current Trends in Public-Private Partnerships
In the United States, statutorily mandated information sharing, such as Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) and Currency Transaction Reports (CTRs), has existed since the advent of the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA) of 1970. Public-private partnerships between financial institutions and law enforcement, where members of banks and law enforcement convene to discuss current trends in anti-money laundering enforcement, have existed about the same amount of time, though most are informal and often on an ad hoc basis.
With the passage of the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (USA PATRIOT Act), public-private partnerships have taken on greater importance as financial institutions and law enforcement working to enhance their cooperation in the fight against terrorist financing and financial crime. And in the past five years, as BSA and sanctions enforcement increased, many financial institutions have been requesting a greater emphasis to be placed by the U.S. government on public-private partnerships.
Outside of the U.S., the concept of public-private partnerships has already taken root, as foreign banking regulators crack down on money laundering and terrorist financing (ML/TF) in their jurisdictions and regulators become more active.
The intent of this chapter is to identify the current information sharing mechanisms and the public-private partnerships existing today and offer potential reforms designed to further improve the process. To be sure, informal and confidential public-private partnerships addressing immediate threats are always taking place – this chapter, however, is devoted to public partnerships that address systemic ML/TF compliance efforts.
2. History of Information Sharing Between Financial Institutions and Law Enforcement
Information sharing can be divided into two broad categories: statutorily mandated information sharing; and information sharing in the form of public-private partnerships, where law enforcement and industry come together to discuss matters such as certain ML typologies, risks, and best practices for prevention. These partnerships are formal and informal – from organised meetings with select bank members to informal exchanges of information between a broad range of financial institutions and law enforcement.2 As public-private partnerships have grown in value and sophistication, they now often appear to be at the forefront of proposed reforms in the U.S. and the focus of some foreign law enforcement initiatives to tackle financial crime.
A. Mechanisms for Sharing Information between Financial Institutions and Law Enforcement
In the U.S. and the United Kingdom, statutorily mandated information sharing between law enforcement and financial institutions is a linchpin of AML/CTF law.
1. United States: The Role of the BSA and the USA PATRIOT Act Section 314(a)
In the U.S., the BSA and the USA PATRIOT Act both explicitly mandate information sharing with law enforcement.3 The filing of SARs, first required in the BSA and then further expanded in the USA PATRIOT Act, are for the direct benefit of law enforcement and other public-sector enforcement authorities.4 For example, Section 314(a) of the USA PATRIOT Act specifically states that a federal, state, local, or foreign law enforcement agency investigating ML/TF may request that the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN)5 solicit, on its behalf, certain information from a financial institution or a group of financial institutions.6 Since 2015, FinCEN has sought to enhance the standard 314(a) requests with case-specific contextual briefing for institutions assessed by FinCEN to possess relevant data. Typically, 314(a) contextual briefings take place approximately every six weeks with up to 10 cases reviewed each year.7
Another example of U.S. statutorily mandated information sharing is the Bank Secrecy Act Advisory Group (BSAAG). In March 1994, BSAAG was established by the U.S. Treasury Department pursuant to the Annunzio-Wylie Anti-Money Laundering Act of 1992. The BSAAG serves as a forum for the financial industry, regulators, and law enforcement to communicate about how SARs, CTRs, and other BSA reports are used by law enforcement and how the record keeping and reporting requirements can be improved in an effort to enhance their utility while minimising costs to financial institutions. BSAAG organisation members are selected by the secretary of the treasury to serve a three-year term with an individual designee of the organisation representing that member at biannual plenary meetings.8
2. United Kingdom: Section 7 of the Crime and Courts Act 2013
Like the U.S. and other jurisdictions, there is always formal and informal sharing of information between UK law enforcement and UK financial services firms. Of particular note, the Crime and Courts Act 2013 established the National Crime Agency (NCA), which replaced the Serious Organised Crime Agency, and includes a section that explicitly allows disclosure of information to the NCA if the disclosure is made for the purposes of the exercise of any NCA function. Section 7, which allows the NCA to share information with third parties, is also the legal basis for the NCA's participation in one of the leading information sharing public-private partnerships in the UK, the Joint Money Laundering Intelligence Taskforce (JMLIT).9
In February 2015, the JMLIT was established as an NCA initiative created in public-private partnership with the financial sector to tackle high-end ML. It was developed with partners in government, the British Bankers' Association, law enforcement, and over 20 major UK and international banks. A management board oversees JMLIT's activities and reports to the Financial Sector Forum,10 the NCA, and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), with ultimate oversight by the UK Home Office, a ministerial department supported by more than 30 agencies and public bodies.11 The JMLIT's primary objectives are to:
Improve the collective understanding of the ML threat (Detect).
Inform the prosecution and disruption of ML activity (Disrupt).
The JMLIT's two main working groups, the Operational Group and the Expert Working Group, seek to identify vulnerabilities in the UK AML/CTF system. Specifically, in 2016 and 2017, the JMLIT and its groups were credited with multiple operational outcomes, including 63 arrests of individuals suspected of money laundering and the forfeiture of 7 million pounds of suspected criminal funds.12
3. Suspicious Transaction Reporting Globally
Like the U.S. and the UK., many countries' AML/CTF laws include a requirement to share information with law enforcement and/or regulatory authorities. In fact, the legislative requirement to report suspicious activity to law enforcement entities is almost universal. Nearly all FATF-member countries have enacted legislation to require:
The criminalisation of money laundering.
Reporting of suspicious transactions.
The establishment of an FIU.
International law enforcement cooperation and information exchange agreements with non-U.S. governments.
It should be noted that the establishment of such legislation, however, does not necessarily imply full compliance with international standards.13
For a chart of countries requiring the filing of suspicious transaction reports and the AML/CTF legislation for each country, see Appendix A.
B. FATF's Consolidated Standards on Information Sharing and Existing Public-Private Partnerships
Internationally, many countries are stepping up information sharing between public-private entities in response to nearly 30 FATF recommendations and the requirements of seven Immediate Outcomes in the FATF Methodology for assessing effectiveness.14 In particular, FATF's recommendations focus on facilitating access to, and sharing of, beneficial ownership information and relevant information on nonprofit organisations.
1. Specific FATF Recommendations on Information Sharing
FATF recommends that financial institutions and their directors, officers, and employee should be:
Protected by law from criminal and civil liability for breach of any restriction on disclosure of information imposed by contract or by any legislative, regulatory, or administrative provision, if they report their suspicions in good faith to the applicable FIU.
Prohibited by law from disclosing or tipping off the fact that a suspicious transaction report or related information is being filed with the FIU.15
2. Notable Public-Private Partnerships and Best Practices
Six countries currently have public-private partnerships consistent with FATF recommendations worth noting here: Australia; Canada; Hong Kong; Singapore; the UK; and the U.S. Of these six, Australia and the UK provide interesting examples of the public-private information sharing partnership model. The other partnerships, such as the U.S.'s BSAAG, will be discussed below. For a detailed breakdown and comparison of the six countries' public-private partnerships, and their potential limitations, see Appendix B.
a. Australia's Fintel Alliance
To date, the Fintel Alliance appears to be the only example where law enforcement and industry participants are co-located in "hubs" and have access to analytical IT resources. Such a setup likely has been key to the Fintel Alliance's success as it provides for "actionable real-time intelligence".16 Publicly launched in March 2017, the Fintel Alliance is led by the Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC), which serves as the Australian FIU, as a public-private partnership between government agencies and private financial institutions. The Fintel Alliance partnership includes AUSTRAC, as the supervisor, six banks, a major digital money transmitter, a money-service bureau, and multiple law enforcement agencies. The Fintel Alliance also invites international law enforcement authorities to engage as members of the Operations Hub (see below), such as the UK's NCA.
Additionally, the Fintel Alliance consists of "Operations Hubs" and "Innovation Hubs", which allow law enforcement and financial industry professionals to collaborate on cases and engage in focused dialogue, as well as to work on "creative business models and design new AML/CTF controls in their changing environments."17 Such collaboration also is designed to build trust and confidence among the participants.
b. UK's JMLIT
A key element of any successful partnership is a consensus on goals and objectives among the participants and stakeholders. Tackling financial crime seems to be no different. A coherent strategic approach among the participating public-private institutions appears to be of critical importance. The UK's JMLIT is an example of such a functional strategic alignment, as the JMLIT's thematic priorities follow from the UK National Risk Assessment18 process. Specifically, the JMLIT's priorities reflect strategic law enforcement priorities and consultation with regulated entities on threat priorities.
3. Existing Practices
Public-private partnerships may take on many forms and shapes, and there does not appear to be a one-size-fits-all type of structure that can work for all nations and institutions with varying profiles and footprints. Financial institutions may establish relationships directly with their local law enforcement agencies. Regulators and governing bodies may seek support from their international peers who are farther along in building their AML/CTF regimes.
Certain elements, however, frequently emerge as best practices in the public-private information sharing model. In addition to real-time access, co-location, and the strategic alignment of goals and priorities, common themes among successful partnerships include the following:
A. Tone-at-the-Top
Tone-at-the-top has shown to be a cornerstone of a successful national financial information sharing partnership, just like it is a foundation of an effective and functional AML/CTF compliance programme. High-level support from political and business stakeholders is one of the key principles of a successful financial information sharing partnership programme. A mandate for the public-private partnerships seems to help enable the participants to work under a shared objective and dedicate significant resources and efforts.19
For example, the UK Home Secretary sets the tone-at-the-top by mandating relevant enforcement agencies to engage with JMLIT. Additionally, JMLIT's crossover of personnel between the public-private sector has seemed to help facilitate trust and confidence, as well as alignment of national law enforcement, private sector, and JMLIT priorities.20
B. Robust Governance Structures and Oversight
Examples of well-designed public-private working arrangements include:
JMLIT's Management Board: fulfils governance functions and reports to the Financial Sector Forum, which consists of senior leaders from regulators, government, banks, and other stakeholders.
Fintel Alliance: publishes a detailed Member Protocol, covering objectives, governance, information security, vetting, and dispute resolution arrangements.
The FinCEN Exchange: a voluntary public-private information sharing partnership for law enforcement and financial institutions that aims for law enforcement and FinCEN to share typologies learned on illicit finance threats with financial institutions to help them identify illicit activity and for the financial institutions to provide law enforcement with feedback on SARs.21,22,23
C. Technology and Analytical Capability
The use of technology is also a key part of a financial information sharing partnership design. Experience has shown that AML/CTF partnerships are more likely to be successful when they use and aspire to develop new technological solutions for real-time threat sharing and responses to information requests. For example, one of the key missions of the Fintel Alliance is to enable innovative systems of financial transactions and payments to emerge through its Innovation Hub. The Fintel Alliance also benefits from a dedicated Foundations Program Board, which helps shape its strategic direction, including IT innovation and tools.24
4. Suggested Enhancements in the U.S.
In the U.S., true public-private partnerships appear to be in the very beginning stages of formation, with the contours yet to be decided. The FinCEN Exchange is a helpful start and will hopefully be a harbinger of more public-private partnerships. As these initiatives crystallise into full partnerships, the following recommendations will maximise their usefulness.
A. Real-Time Dialogue and Feedback Loops
Real-time dialogue and a consistent feedback loop between law enforcement and private sector financial institutions.
Feedback Loops
A true public-private partnership will be a continuous feedback loop – a two-way street – where feedback from law enforcement and regulators to financial institutions on whether the SARs they are filing, and the typologies they are using, are relevant and useful to investigations, and financial institutions are adjusting approaches and sharing additional information based on the law enforcement feedback. The need for a better feedback loop between law enforcement and regulatory authorities and the private sector is not a new recommendation for reform, but it grows increasingly necessary in today's environment. For example, the Clearing House25 recently suggested that better coordination and communication between law enforcement and financial institutions would help "reconcile competing U.S. government priorities and align their effect on financial institutions, while creating efficiencies".26
In addition to feedback to financial institutions on what is useful (and not useful) in their SAR filings, regularly scheduled meetings among financial institutions and law enforcement where law enforcement highlights highly valuable SARs (on an anonymous basis), or where there is concern that highlighting a particular SAR may reveal an investigation, highlight the typology of a certain scheme found in the SAR and further discuss the portion of the transaction that the bank cannot see (anonymously). These meetings could provide the private sector invaluable information on how to conduct their reviews and investigations of potentially suspicious activity.
B. The FIU "Sandbox" and Safe Harbor
Forming effective public-private partnerships may require some legislative fixes and cooperation among the various regulators and law enforcement agencies.
1. Legislative Recommendations and Remedies
Industry professionals and organisations, including the Clearing House, have suggested that FinCEN propose amendments to the Safe Harbor provision in the USA PATRIOT Act. Recommended amendments include a broader definition of activity to include other types of crime and a broader scope of parties covered by Safe Harbor, including technology companies and other nonfinancial services firms.27 These amendments are designed to assist the private sector by clearly stating the boundaries around what information may be shared and with whom, and what information cannot be shared.28
Another method proposed by industry professionals and organisations to increase information sharing through legislation is the creation of an FIU "sandbox" – a shared utility or database of SARs and SAR information that could be accessible not just by law enforcement and regulatory authorities, but by certain cleared individuals from private financial institutions. The purpose of the FIU sandbox would be the free exchange of information on potential suspicious individuals and entities for the sole purpose of detecting and preventing financial crime.
2. Other Options
Other options could include the use of formal agreements or service level agreements among law enforcement, regulators, and financial institutions to allow financial institutions to provide data and information on trends and patterns of observed customer behaviour without liability for potential programme or reporting failures. Another option is the creation of working groups and/or committees dedicated to specific trending topics, such as the use of machine learning in detecting financial crime, which would meet on a regular basis (e.g., monthly) and include representatives from the financial industry, law enforcement, and regulators. A larger working group or committee could also be created to focus on law enforcement and regulatory priorities and trends emerging from ongoing investigations and reviews, like the FinCEN Exchange, to better convey information on these subjects back to private industry. Working through these data privacy concerns will likely always be a challenge with sharing information between law enforcement and the financial services industry and will therefore need to be closely reviewed as sharing agreements are formalised.
Criminals engaged in money laundering and other financial criminal activity are continuously inventing new ways to try to evade law enforcement and escape detection by financial institutions. For decades such criminals have leveraged inefficiencies and fragmented information sharing to bolster their illegal activity. To improve the chances of defeating such illegal activity, law enforcement, regulatory, and private-sector responses must come in a similar dynamic and innovative fashion. The current domestic and international information sharing partnership approach appears to be a turning point in the right direction, but continued reform to innovate the frequency and flow of information is necessary and must be imminent. Further, experience has shown that information sharing partnerships can improve their effectiveness by focusing their efforts on building more trust and promoting the free flow of information between public-private institutions, with the intention of taking a collective approach, and broadening to international partnership and information sharing.
6. Endnotes
See Keynote address of Antonio Guterres, secretary-general of the United Nations, at the "High-level Conference on Counter-Terrorism", June 28, 2018 ("[T]he top priority is that we must work together"), https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/speeches/2018-06-28/high-level-conference-counter-terrorism-remarks. See also John S. Pistole, assistant director, Counterterrorism Division, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Comments before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs on September 25, 2003 ("[P]rivate industry and particularly the financial industry… are literally on the 'front lines' in the financial war on terrorism."), https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-108shrg20396/html/CHRG-108shrg20396.htm.
Such informal exchanges include when a bank compliance officer calls a law enforcement agent and makes her aware of a particularly interesting SAR, and when a bank has identified a certain money laundering typology and wishes to brief law enforcement on what the bank is seeing in real time.
31 USC 5318(g)(3).
The BSA and operative regulations require financial institutions to disclose documentation supporting the filing of a SAR to federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies, upon request, provided the agencies have jurisdiction over the entity implicated by the SAR. See Dept. of the Treasury, FinCEN Advisory, SAR Confidentiality Reminder for Internal and External Counsel of Financial Institutions (FIN-2012-A002, March 2, 2012), https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/advisory/FIN-2012-A002.pdf.
FinCEN, the U.S.'s FIU, is the central collection agency and repository for 314(a) requests and responses, as well as SARs filed by U.S. financial institutions.
Section 314(b), though voluntary, provides financial institutions with the ability to share information with one another for purposes of identifying and, where appropriate, reporting activities that may involve possible terrorist activity or money laundering.
In 2017, FinCEN expanded the concept of 314(a) contextual briefings into the FinCEN Exchange. The FinCEN Exchange intends to convene regular briefings – approximately once every six to eight weeks – with law enforcement, FinCEN, and financial institutions to exchange targeted information on priority illicit finance threats. Participation in the programme is strictly voluntary and does not introduce any new regulatory requirements. It is unclear which financial institutions will participate in the FinCEN Exchange, or how those institutions will be selected; it is possible that the programme will be invitation-only, at least in the near term, https://www.fincen.gov/resources/financial-crime-enforcement-network-exchange.
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2017-12-27/pdf/2017-27926.pdf.
Nick Kochan, "How Law enforcement is partnering up with banks in AML fight", Wolters Kluwer, March 9, 2016, http://www.wolterskluwerfs.com/article/how-law-enforcement-is-partnering-up-with-banks-in-aml-fight.aspx.
Established by a handful of senior financial services executives in 2000, the Financial Sector Forum is a membership community of like-minded professionals sharing ideas and knowledge with industry peers. The focus of the members is to improve their understanding of the consumer, the marketplace, and their own marketing performance. What makes the forum unique is that it is independent and sector-specific, and communicates through a mix of events, publications, communities, and online resources.
The Home Office is the lead government department for immigration and passports, drug policy, crime, fire, counter-terrorism, and the police, https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/home-office/about.
National Crime Agency, "Joint Money Laundering Intelligence Taskforce (JMLIT)", http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/about-us/what-we-do/economic-crime/joint-money-laundering-intelligence-taskforce-jmlit.
See U.S. Department of State, Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Volume II, Money Laundering and Financial Crimes, March 2017, https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/268024.pdf. These countries, with the exception of Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Hong Kong, and Tanzania, also require the reporting of cross-border transactions of currency. Additionally, Bolivia, China, and Iran require the reporting of suspicious transactions, but do not meet other standards.
FATF consolidated these recommendations related to information sharing in its publication. See FATF 2017 Report. At the time of this writing and per the May 18, 2018, FATF Consolidated Assessment ratings, there remain only four (4) jurisdictions that possess a high rating in those same Immediate Outcomes: Australia (IO2); Spain (IO6); Sweden (IO2); and the U.S. (IO10).
FATF 2017 Report at 20.
Nick J. Maxwell and David Artingstall, "The Role of Financial Information-Sharing Partnerships in the Disruption of Crime", Royal United Services Institute, October 2017 at 15 (RUSI Report), https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/201710_rusi_the_role_of_fisps_in_the_disruption_of_crime_maxwwell_artingstall_web_2.pdf.
Ibid. at 16. See also "Fintel Alliance: Innovation Hub", produced by AUSTRAC, March 2017.
The UK conducted its first national risk assessment in 2015, then again in 2017, to assess the country's ML and TF risk.
See RUSI Report at 27 and 30.
https://www.fincen.gov/news/news-releases/fincen-launches-fincen-exchange-enhance-public-private-information-sharing.
https://www.fincen.gov/resources/fin-exchange/fincen-exchange-frequently-asked-questions.
https://www.moneylaunderingwatchblog.com/2017/12/information-sharing-exchange-launched-fincen-improve-suspicious-activity-reporting/. Thus far, information shared at these briefings has helped FinCEN map out and target weapons proliferators, sophisticated global money laundering operations, human trafficking, smuggling rings, corruption, and trade-based money laundering networks.
See RUSI Report at 16.
25. The Clearing House is a banking association and payments company that is owned by the largest commercial banks and dates to 1853. The Clearing House Association L.L.C. is a nonpartisan organisation that engages in research, analysis, advocacy, and litigation focused on financial regulation that supports a safe, sound, and competitive banking system.
See "A New Paradigm: Redesigning the US AML/CTF Framework to Protect National Security and Aid Law Enforcement", published by The Clearing House, February 2017. (Clearing House Report). Additionally, in October 2009, for instance, the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force (CTITF) of the United Nations recommended that more be done to include the private sector, especially financial institutions, as partners in fighting terrorism financing. Specifically, the CTITF recommended that law enforcement and regulatory authorities "should provide more information and invite more feedback on the implementation, effectiveness, and design of [CTF] measures". See CTITF Working Group Report, "Tackling the Financing of Terrorism", October 2009, at 10 (Recommendation 32) (CTITF Report). The CTITF further recommended "regular dialogue" be conducted between the public and private sector, to facilitate the design and adoption of appropriate regulation.
See Clearing House Report. Additionally, the Clearing House recommends revising the AML/CTF supervision structure to have FinCEN claim singular responsibility for large financial institutions. The Clearing House Report argues that only about four banks account for almost half of the total amount of SARs filed to FinCEN, https://www.theclearinghouse.org/~/media/TCH/Documents/TCH%20WEEKLY/2017/20170216_TCH_Report_AML_CTF_Framework_Redesign.pdf.
This is also a recommendation from the CTITF. See CTITF Report at 9 (Recommendation 28).
The authors wish to thank Tracy Angulo, Alexander Warr, Joseph Frenkel, and Ala Shalimava for their assistance.
7. Appendices
Appendix A – Chart of Countries Requiring Suspicious Transaction Reporting
Appendix A may be found at the following link: https://www.navigant.com/-/media/www/site/insights/gic/2018/business-crime-2019-appendix-a-8-8-18.pdf?utm_source=ICLG&utm_medium=Appendix%20A&utm_campaign=Business-Crime-Guide.
Appendix B – Comparison of Public-Private Partnerships in Six Countries
Appendix B may be found at the following link: https://www.navigant.com/-/media/www/site/insights/gic/2018/business-crime-2019-apx-b-8-8-18.pdf?utm_source=ICLG&utm_medium=Appendix%20B&utm_campaign=Business-Crime-Guide.
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Avv. Pasquale Stricagnolo
CNH Industrial Financial Services S.A.


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Kenya Barris On New Netflix Show #blackAF and Coming To America 2
April 19, 2020 April 19, 2020 Emmanuel "E-Man" Noisette Leave a comment
From Kenya Barris, the Emmy® nominated creator of black-ish, comes #blackAF. Loosely inspired by Barris' irreverent, highly flawed, unbelievably honest approach to parenting, relationships, race, and culture, #blackAF flips the script on what we've come to expect a family comedy series to be. Pulling back the curtain, #blackAF uncovers the messy, unfiltered and often hilarious world of what it means to be a "new money" black family trying to get it right in a modern world where "right" is no longer a fixed concept. The Netflix original series stars Barris as a fictionalized version of himself and Rashida Jones (Angie Tribeca) as his wife Joya. Kenya and Joya's children are played by Genneya Walton (Xtant), Iman Benson (Suits), Scarlet Spencer (Bright), Justin Claiborne (Reverie), Ravi Cabot-Conyers (The Resident) and Richard Gardenhire Jr. #blackAF is executive produced by Barris, Jones, and Hale Rothstein.
Recently, we had the opportunity to chat with Barris on his upcoming projects. Here's what he had to say about his new show #blackAF and Coming To America 2.
Interview: Kenya Barris
TheMovieBlog: So you have a new show coming out on Netflix, #blackAF. Can you tell us a little bit about it and why it is better than Black-ish, Grown-ish and Mix-ish combined?
Kenya Barris: [Laughs] I won't say that that's the case at all. I love those shows. Black-ish changed my life and it's my heart. I feel like [#blackAF] is just different. I feel like it's more personal. It's more personal. I'm taking some hits because it's a little bit more…I won't say mean-spirited, but it's a little bit more sarcastic, more sardonic. I'm playing a heightened version of myself that I'm really trying to be a little bit more self-deprecating… and take some hits and be a little bit more edgier… and be a little bit more functionally dysfunctional as a family…On network TV, you have to appeal to everybody, and I think that's great…But at the same time I think we're moving to the place now where we can be a little bit edgier. I wanted to take a swing.
I think one of the big things with Netflix is that there's so much content…It's such a behemoth. So when I did it, I was like, "how do you do something that's a little bit noisier and make a little bit noise?"… I know the people are saying, "Well we've seen the meta version of someone playing [themselves]."… We [Black people] haven't had a lot of those opportunities…So I wanted to do something that kind of gave us a look at, stepping into that lane and show how we can do it. Because I think our experiences are always unique and a little bit more different. And that was the big sort of leap for this.
TheMovieBlog: Is there anything you can tell us about Coming to America 2 to get us looking forward to it?
Kenya Barris: Yes. Everybody came back!…So when I went to [Eddie Murphy's] house, you go to the house, and meet Eddie and I'm sitting there and it's just like, he's kind of reserved. He's kind of quiet. But everything he says, when he starts talking it's like just so unbelievably genius level of funny. And so seeing those two dudes [Eddie Murphy and Arsenio Hall] together, and seeing how black doesn't crack…because you could go back and do reshoots on them from the first one…they just keep it together. It felt like I was part of a really special group.
One of the things about [Coming to America 2] that made me really think is when we were looking for who's going to play Eddie's son. We got a great guy, in Jermaine Fowler, but it was really hard. It made me think that there's a responsibility on us as creatives. We have to bring up that next generation. Who is the next generation? Eddie and those guys were stars when they were 20 years old. Who's the 20 to 25-year-old star that you're going to put on a poster that gets people to come to the movies and gets people to watch? We have to bring up that next generation, and we have to bind together and really support them…and get them in front of things so that they can actually lead the generation after them.
#BlackAF Spoiler Free Review
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About Emmanuel "E-Man" Noisette
Emmanuel is a Chicago film critic who founded Eman's Movie Reviews. He freelances as a writer and video content creator for sites such as MovieTickets.com. Be sure to join the other 33K+ fans on his Facebook Fan Page for even more movie opinions and fun. Feel free to contact him with any professional inquiries: [email protected]
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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LONG POND ASSOCIATION An Update to the Report May 8, 2002 Summary of Expert Opinion on Mechanical Harvester Use for Cabomba "I think harvesting is the worst choice you can make to manage a new infestation of any exotic weed, including Cabomba and variable leaf watermilfoil. Harvesters create fragments which help to spread the plant." Dr. John D. Madsen, Minnesota State University, Mankato Department of Biological Sciences (Referred by Dr. Kurt Getsinger, US Army Corps of Engineers) "Many invasive plants, including Milfoil and Cabomba, proliferate in water bodies as a result of fragmentation. In fact, fragmentation is probably the most common way these plants spread and infest water bodies. Therefore, any method of management that encourages fragmentation should be discouraged. - We would not recommend the use of mechanical harvesting for the management of Milfoil and Cabomba in Long Pond." Dr. Lee Lyman, President, Lycott Environmenal Inc., Southbridge, MA "Mechanical harvesting can be an effective control technique for some aquatic plant species, such as water lilies and water chestnut, which propagate primarily through seed dispersal. However, Cabomba caroliniana is a perennial plant that spreads primarily by stem and rhizome fragmentation. Although mechanical harvesters cut the tops of plants and collect the cuttings for removal from the lake, many plant fragments that are not collected can start new colonies. In lakes with localized infestations, harvesting can actually accelerate the spread of Cabomba to uninfested areas because of its ability to regenerate from fragments." Robert Hartzel, Senior Water Scientist, GeoSyntec Consultants, Boxborough, MA "---This leaves mechanical harvesting, which could actually do more harm than good if fragments are not carefully collected. Both fanwort and milfoil spread by fragmentation, and harvesting often promotes such dispersal." Dr. Kenneth Wagner, ENSR, Willington, CT Organizer of 2002 Annual Meeting of New England Chapter of the North American Lake Management Society "Although many claim that harvesting is environmentally superior to herbicide use, most neglect to consider that harvesting removes large numbers of macroinvertebrates, semi-aquatic vertebrates, forage fishes, young-of-the-year fishes, and even adult gamefishes. The harvester acts as a large, nonselective predator "grazing" in the littoral Zone." From: "Mechanical Control of Exotic Aquatic Plants", US Army Corps of Engineeers, Jacksonville District, June 2000
Summary of Expert Opinion on Mechanical Harvester Use for Cabomba


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Home » The Player of the Week Black Box Demonstrates Larger Issues at Riot
The Player of the Week Black Box Demonstrates Larger Issues at Riot
by Zack Davis June 24, 2020 June 23, 2020
Photo via Cloud9
Cloud9's owner and CEO Jack Etienne took to twitter Sunday night after the games and filed a complaint. He writes "I'm convinced the Player of the Week awards is some sort of participation award vs actually being awarded to the best players in the league". This tweet came after Flyquest's jungler Lucas "Santorin" Larsen received the award.
Jack goes on to argue that "for context Cloud9 players have won 4 times out of a total of 11 awards but have a record of 30-2 so far this season." He had claimed earlier that "it would be unbearable if Licorice does not get Player of the Week even though Golden Guardians nearly clawed their way back to victory."
Isaac "Azael" Cummings Bentley pointed out in a response that the "Player of the Week is meant to be the best player over that 2 game stretch, and even though C9 is clearly the #1 atm the individual players don't always put 2 incredible games back to back!" This applies to Eric "Licorice" Ritchie, having had just a decent first game to match his great play in their second game.
The Black Box
Herein lies the problem. The criteria players need to me to receive the Player of the Week is opaque. The official press statement from Riot claims that "the player who performed best over the weekend, as judged by LCS casters and other Riot staff" will be the winner.
Leaving fans clueless on how to choose the Player of the Week leads to confusion. Confusion not just from fans, but also from players and owners. A lack of clarity for what the player receives the award for reduces the importance of the award. It might as well be just a participation award.
All Riot has to do would be to give a small statement defining what it means to be Player of the Week. It feels like some are under the impression that it means most consistent play over the two days. Others feel it should be a best player award, like a weekly MVP. Others think that circumstance has a factor. This includes Jack, who finished off his thread with "maybe you only win if you're out there shoving IMT and TSM into lockers."
This is not to say that Santorin, or any of the previous winners, do not deserve the award. The criteria to be the Player of the Week is unknown, so no one can say who deserves it. This is also an issue that extends to the split long MVP award. As a result, the award is rife with controversy every split. Even last spilt when most everyone agreed it should be a Cloud9 player there was no consensus as to which one. Players are measured by their relative value, but value is measured by the beholder. Judge A might value Gold Diff and Forward Percentages while Judge B might value KDA and [email protected] Judge C might not value stats at all.
Further Implications
The impact on the league is minimal, but speaks to a larger issue surrounding the LCS. Their inability to communicate with fans, players, and orgs often leaves those very fans frustrated. The issue has cropped up similarly with the broadcast production. Everything from the analyst desk to the new overlay has felt lacking. It's hard not to pin some blame on Riot's lack of communication. They released a statement on twitter following week one claiming they are "working as hard as possible to deliver the broadcast experience that you expect of us, and we'll continue to implement changes to ensure the best possible broadcast across the summer split". While a great PR statement, those words are near meaningless.
via LCSofficial
First, they have made it clear that they are less than aware of what fans "expect". Secondly, they make no specific mention of the changes they are planning on implementing. If Riot released a statement prior to the beginning of the season on the nature of the broadcast much of the backlash would have been avoided. Something simple, detailing that they will be experimenting with some new production segments and that production will likely suffer due to COVID-19. Getting ahead of the problem may not have solved everything, but many fans would have been much more understanding.
The larger statement did go into details stating the engineering team was working to fix technical issues and that they were going to make the HUD easier to digest. The issue still remains that it came after the fact and not before the broadcast.
The LCS's inability to communicate effectively with the community that it has created has made that community suffer. These effects range from the small details to the bigger picture. Having a black box from everything from production and the Player of the Week award is damaging to the LCS. Riot Games needs to be more willing to give information and be more transparent with their operations.
Beyond The LCS
The problem extends beyond just the Player of the Week or even just the LCS. The problem comes from Riot themselves. The company has long been notorious for arriving at sub-optimal conclusions while ignoring teams, players, and fans alike. Issues like Worlds format, league formats, lower leagues, etc. still abound. Riot finally turned the corner and gave the LCS a double elimination bracket, but refused to do so for Worlds. These decisions are seemingly arbitrary, as Riot gives little insight as to how it arrived here. The onus isn't entirely on Riot however. The teams, players, press, and fans all need to demand more of the company that is at the center of the community. Riot needs transparency for the good of the fans, for the good of the leagues, and for the good of the esport.
C9 JACKCloud9LCSLCS MVPLucas "Santorin" Tao Kilmer LarsenNALCS MVPPlayer of the WeekSantorin
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Enveloped, bullet shaped. 180 nm long and 75 nm wide.
Negative-stranded RNA linear genome, about 11kb in size. Encodes for six proteins.
The viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase binds the encapsidated genome at the leader region, then sequentially transcribes each genes by recognizing start and stop signals flanking viral genes. mRNAs are capped and polyadenylated by the L protein during synthesis.
Attachement of the viral G glycoproteins to host receptors mediates Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of the virus into the host cell.
Sequential transcription , viral mRNAs are capped and polyadenylated by polymerase stuttering in the cytoplasm.
The ribonucleocapsid binds to the matrix protein and buds via the host ESCRT complexes occurs at the plasma membrane, releasing new virions.


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U.S. Ambassador Says Progress Made in Afghanistan
U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan says progress has been made.
Washington, D.C., March 10, 2005 - U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan, Dr. Zalmay Khalilzad, told the Voice of America (VOA) that 97 percent of heavy weaponry in Afghanistan had been collected and 75 percent of the private militias had been de-mobilized and returned to civilian life.
During an Afghan Service radio call-in program, Dr. Khalilzad said that Afghanistan faces four major challenges-security, upcoming parliamentary elections, reconstruction, and the war against drugs. He added that progress has been made in Afghanistan and that the United States has doubled its non-military assistance this year to $5 billion.
Dr. Khalilzad told listeners that the United States is providing $700 million for the war against drugs in Afghanistan, $3.6 billion for reconstruction, $10 billion for the military budget, and $1.2 billion for Afghanistan's regular budget.
The Voice of America, which first went on the air in 1942, is a multimedia international broadcasting service funded by the U.S. government through the Broadcasting Board of Governors. VOA broadcasts more than 1,000 hours of news, information, educational, and cultural programming every week to an estimated worldwide audience of more than 100 million people. Programs are produced in 44 languages, including Dari and Pashto, the two main languages spoken in Afghanistan.


Thanks for the kind words Everyone should try one of our Frusundae's!! Have a wonderful day and hope to see you soon!!
Jeime B. Sep 28 .
The fruit arrangements are so beautiful that we don't even want to eat it. They are so creative on how they arrange their fruit baskets. Their dark/white chocolate dipped strawberries to die for. A box of dozen chocolate dipped strawberries is about $25. The arrangements ranges from $39 and up.
I told my husband that I would appreciate this more than a dozen of red roses. At least I can eat it!
Thanks Thanks for your kind words! We try very hard to make each arrangements as beautiful as possible. Our arrangements start at $34. In addition to chocolate dipped strawberries, we also have dipped apples, bananas, pineapple and grapes. Have a great day!!


Download this easy to use management report example template for free. This is perfect for helping businesses better document and organize information. Easy to edit and fully +More customizable in MS Word.


text:
Humberside Police
Community united in grief doubles fundraising target after tragic death of one-year-old girl
The baby tragically died after being hit by a van on Southfield Road in Scunthorpe
Nicola Birch
Floral tributes have been left outside a house in Scunthorpe following the death of a one-year-old girl
A grieving community has come together to double a fundraising target after the tragic death of a one-year-old girl in Scunthorpe.
The girl, named locally as Darcey, died after being hit by a van on Friday (July 7) on Southfield Road.
Humberside Police are investigating the incident and are calling for anyone who witnessed the fatal accident and has not yet spoken to police to come forward.
Floral tributes have been left outside a house on Southfield Road.
And an online fundraising page has been set up by Sophie Stimson, a family member, which she says is to help with any funeral costs.
A target of £500 was set on the JustGiving page and at the time of going to print, this had doubled to a total of £1,061.
Tributes pour in following death of one-year-old girl
Sophie posted on the page: "Sometimes people have no words to describe their feelings, and now has honestly been one I wish my family never had to experience.
"We're trying for raise funds to give our princess an amazing send off.
"Our little baby girl Darcey (1)
"A beautiful daughter, sister, granddaughter, niece taken far too early."
Posting on the Scunthorpe Telegraph's Facebook page, Sophie said: "We are taking any generous donations to help towards giving baby Darcey a magical send off.
"On behalf of my sister and our family, I'm so very proud of the people who have already been a part of our collection.
"From the bottom of our hearts, thank you."
Floral tributes left outside a Scunthorpe house following the death of a one-year-old girl
Social media users also took to the Telegraph's Facebook to offer their condolences.
Among them was Catherine Collins, who said: "So sad and so close to home. I haven't been able to stop thinking about this all weekend, thoughts are with the family. It make us realise how precious life is, squeeze your loved ones just that little bit harder, fly high beautiful angel."
Mandy Wilson said: "I saw the emergency services there and was wondering how she was. Can't believe it – such a terrible loss of a young child. RIP little one. My heart goes out to all concerned x."
Gemma Louise Swift said: "Cannot begin to imagine how the family is feeling. My heart has literally ached for all of them since I found out. No words can describe how sorry I am to the family for such a tragic loss. Fly high beautiful little girl xxx."
Community association faces closure as £30,000 grant said to be "inappropriate" to help residents claim welfare
Michaela Brennan said: "Thoughts are with you all. Fly high little angel, you'll be taken care of up there with all the other beautiful angels. Sleep tight!"
Rebecca Anderson said: "RIP beautiful princess, my thoughts are with her family right now. Things like this just show us how fast your lives can change forever, always be grateful for what and who you have and love them as much as you can and more."
Sue Clement said: "This is too awful, a beautiful little girl taken far too soon. Fly high princess xxx."
Sharon Thompson said: "This is so heartbreaking!!! I cannot imagine what the family must be going through. My heart goes out to them. RIP little one."
And Kelly Renwick said: "Fly high beautiful, rest in paradise. Sincere condolences to his family xxx."
Many other kind and thoughtful comments were left.
A Humberside Police statement said: "We are investigating a collision between a car and a one-year-old child which happened on July 7 at 4pm on Southfield Road in Scunthorpe.
"A grey Renault Kangoo van collided with the child who suffered fatal injuries.
"A number of witnesses have already spoken to us but if you saw anything that would help with our enquiries please call the non-emergency number 101 quoting log 413 of July 7."
If you would like to donate, visit justgiving.com/crowdfunding/sophie-stimson


Aluminum is a broadly acclimated and awful bent non-ferrous metal. It is ablaze in weight and simple to plan with, authoritative it a actual accepted article in amaranthine industries throughout time. With this getting said, you can accept why aluminum is so accustomed and begin all about us. From bicycles to window frames, soda cans, airplanes, and more, aluminum is a awful able and admired metal that has amaranthine uses and benefits. When it comes to claimed uses, aluminum metal is able and aggressive to corrosion, authoritative it absolute for kitchen utensils, appliances, and added calm applications.
Although able and beneath acceptable to corrode, aluminum is failing and still accessible to assertive abrasion and tear. This is why accepted aliment for aluminum is awful encouraged. One of the best methods for residential or bartering aluminum affliction is accepted polishing. Continue account to apprentice how to brightness and restore beat aluminum.
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text:
A taste of hunger
By James Tutten / [email protected] and Shay Castle / [email protected]
"Draw your fate," the H.E.R.O. crew said, holding bags to participants as they walked into the Oxfam hunger banquet on Thursday, Nov. 11.
Students drew cards with one of three classifications; high income, middle income, or low income, and took their places in the room according to their class.
A lucky 15 percent were welcomed to the high class fine- dining table. Seated in chairs around the room was the middle class, representing 33 percent of the diners. More than half of the participants sat on the floor as low income citizens.
Six lucky low income students were moved to middle class, representatives of real-life people whose stories were shared with the audience. The six represented a group of Mexican workers whose ingenuity and hard work enabled them to start go into business for themselves and quit the factory and farm labor. No one from the high income group was moved.
For the fortunate six whose lives improved, there were six middle class students who moved to the floor to join to low income group. Two represented African women who operated farms in Ethiopia. One, who did not own her land, was forced off when the government sold it to a Canadian gold mining company. The other was pushed into poverty when the corporation's factory polluted the water, poisoning her cows and goats.
"Poverty does not give a damn who you are," said Subhas Rampersaud, professor of social sciences at Valencia's West Campus. "Tomorrow we are going to get up and eat; that is what we do every day. We have no idea what poverty is. Poverty here is relative."
A slide show at the end of the presentation showed pictures of the men and women whose stories were played out by the students representing them, along with happier stories of people who have been helped by Oxfam's programs.
Oxfam, started in 1955, is an international confederation of non-profit organizations that works to end hunger, poverty, and social injustice. The idea for the hunger banquet came to Valencia when Valencia Honors students attended an impact conference held by the organization.
"This event is a metaphor for how food and resources are distributed throughout the world," said Honors president Diana Lawrie. "Everyone has the same needs. It is only our circumstances which differ."
Representative speakers from all the major Valencia groups worked to educate students about hunger and mistreatment from around the world. In this modern age with bountiful resources a child dies from hunger of preventable diseases every four seconds or 22,000 per day on average.
"This whole project was part of a bigger project, about bringing awareness about hunger, poverty, and homelessness" said Diana Lawrie, co-president of H.E.R.O (Human Empathy and Rights Organization.) This Valencia group works to inspire action from students and others about different global injustices like sex trafficking and children's rights.
This event was based around another strong belief of the groups; to end hunger locally through the Homeless Coalition of Florida and internationally through the Oxfam organization. An international confederation of 98 countries working to find lasting solutions to hunger and injustice around the world.
"We're trying to bring awareness of whats going on in other areas around the world, and about hunger in the lower class" said David Rosado Jr. student government president for Valencia's Osceola campus.
A meal of salads, pasta with meat and veggies, and gourmet cake for dessert, was served on a silver platter to the high class, while poor had to eat rice and water with a forced rule of woman eating last. As time went on, some people still hadn't eaten, and much of the food for the high and middle classes was left for waste.
"It made me actually feel guilty about sitting in the high income section, so I gave up my seat " said Kris Boodooram a second year international business major. The students who crossed class lines volunteered by standing up, without knowing their fate. Once some middle class dwellers were forced to leave their chairs, attendees were reluctant to participate.
"I was disappointed in the people that didn't stand up," said Leonidez Santiago, who shared in the plain rice and water with others seated in the low income section. "If you're not standing up it is because you are afraid of losing what you have."
"Poverty exists, and just because you don't see it doesn't mean it doesn't exist," said Victoria Hoa a member of SGA,PTK, and also a member and presenter for H.E.R.O'S. She recently worked with her church to help rebuild a flooded community in Costa Rica. "If everyone worked to help others, they would understand that every little bit makes a difference."
Event coordinators urged students to think seriously about the reality of the situation, and encouraged those in attendance to turn awareness into action. A petition was available for to sign in support of legislation funding organizations that fight homelessness and charity.
"This event is simulated, but this is the reality for 2.5 billion out of 7 billion living in poverty," said Rampersaud. "Each of us has a choice. We can stay insulated, but little good will be served if you leave here only with memories."
By James Tutten / [email protected] and Shay Castle / [email protected], Author
'Trick or Treat' Event Brings Crowds to West Campus on October 27
This Weekend, Valencia College Theater Brings To Life 'Young Frankenstein'
Last-Resort R20 Withdrawal Available For Struggling Students
Submission Deadline Approaching for Valencia's Award-Winning Phoenix Magazine
Valencia College Pounces To Provide Food, VC Puma Relief Fund After Hurricane Ian


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text:
The mafia hit man's daughter
Scarpa, Linda, author.
Thorndike, Maine : Center Point Large Print, 2016.
320 pages (large print) ; 23 cm.
"Gregory Scarpa, Sr. was a stone-cold killer in the Colombo crime family, but to Linda, he was also a loving, devoted father. She reveals what it was like to grow up in the violent world of the mob and to come to grips with the truth about her father andthe devastation he wrought"-- Provided by publisher.
"We were always worried. Always looking over our shoulders . . . " Linda Scarpa had the best toys, the nicest clothes, and a close-knit family. Yet classmates avoided her; boys wouldn't date her. Eventually she learned why: they were afraid of her father. A made man in the Colombo crime family, Gregory Scarpa, Sr. was a stone-cold killer nicknamed "the Grim Reaper." But to Linda, he was also a loving, devoted father who played video games with her for hours. In riveting detail, she reveals what it was like to grow up in the violent world of the mob and to come to grips with the truth about her father and the devastation he wrought.
Scarpa, Linda.
Scarpa, Gregory, Sr., 1928-1994.
Children of criminals -- United States -- Biography.
Gangsters -- United States -- Biography.
Mafiosi -- United States.
Mafia -- United States.
Assassins -- United States.
Book 364.1523 SCA 1 .SOURCE. 02/16 CP


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Something that has been on my bucket list for the longest time is proper dog sledding. When I was younger, growing up, a local forest used to hold dog sledding competitions (they may still do so) but there was never any snow, so in my mind, it kind of counts, but not really. I then almost had the opportunity while snowboarding in Switzerland, but there is felt more like a touristy gimmick rather than a real, authentic experience. I recently came across this blog about the REAL thing, dog sledding with a whole team of huskies in Lapland . . . who wouldn't want to do that?
The blog is from a wonderful site called The Glode Trotting Teacher (clues in the title). The lady behind the site is Jackie and you can find loads of well-written, informative and entertaining pieces there. This particular one is all about how she enjoyed her day with the dogs in the fairytale Winter Wonderland. Trust me, it will have you wanting to jump on a plane, grab the reigns and shout mush until your heart's content.


Minister of Labour and Social Security, Hon. Derrick Kellier, says the Ministry, in partnership with the Jamaica Productivity Centre (JPC), will be implementing a number of initiatives throughout the year to increase productivity levels.
Among those initiatives, he said, is the enlisting of a Japanese productivity expert, Tatsuo Kuraishi, who will be working closely with the JPC over the next few months.
Mr. Kellier added that the Ministry will also launch a vigorous public education campaign to inculcate and entrench a national productivity-conscious culture, as a core value among Jamaicans.
The Minister was addressing journalists at a press briefing, held at the Ministry's North Street offices in downtown Kingston, on February 6.
"We strongly believe that Jamaica is in urgent need of a productivity revolution and the government of Jamaica, and more importantly, this Ministry, is committed to bringing about this revolution," Mr. Kellier emphasized.
The Minister said there are also plans to facilitate the building of productivity-driven public and private sector organisations to provide research and measurement data to inform evidence-based advocacy for productivity friendly policies.
He informed that increased productivity in Jamaica will lead to several positive outcomes, including: stable wages arising from highly productive jobs; the local and international competitiveness of indigenous firms and industries; greater market share for Jamaican products and services; and the generation of larger numbers of decent jobs that will enhance the living standards of Jamaican workers.
"We recognise that the Jamaican economy has been characterised by negative productivity growth over the past 35 years, and this is a dangerous trend," Mr. Kellier pointed out.
He said between 2002 and 2011, labour productivity in Jamaica declined on average by 3.2 per cent annually. In this period, only three sectors of the Jamaican economy recorded positive growth in labour productivity – hotels and restaurants; agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing; and construction and installation.
Meanwhile, Executive Director at the JPC, Dr. Charles Douglas, said an important part of reversing the decline in labour productivity levels in Jamaica lies in changing the mindset among some Jamaicans.
"We have a culture of 'presenteeism', where people are present but their minds are somewhere else, and we need to change that," he said.
According to the JPC, productivity is the single most important factor that determines a country's competitiveness, as well as the standard of living of its people. The JPC is the national productivity organisation with the mission of raising the productivity levels of firms, industries and sectors, and by extension, facilitating the improvement of Jamaica's national productivity.


text:
Q: How to use "thingamajig" I know when I have to use thingamajig, yes, when I don't know the precise word during the conversation.
What I want to know:

*

*Is that word can be used in written language as well?

*How to use that word? Any example sentences would be appreciated.
I am adding one more questin.

*Can I use this word in questions?

A: According to Merriam-Webster, it's basically a placeholder word for something else.

noun
something that is hard to classify or whose name is unknown or forgotten

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thingamajig
This would allow it to be used nearly any place a noun would be usable. And, generally speaking, any word that's used verbally can be written down.

That thingamajig broke while I was trying to fix the washing machine.
Hey, can you hand me the thingamajig to your left?
I got a new gadget last night. I saw the, uh, thingamajig on TV last week and it finally came in the mail. It slices, dices, and makes Julienne fries!
What's the name of that thingamajig over there? That thing next to the copier.
I need to order this thingamajig here, the whatchamacallit, um, the doohickey, ugh, this thingy. Oh, right it's a flour sifter.

Here's the definitions for the other words I used, which are similar and generally used interchangeably with thingamajig.
whatchamacallit:

Whatchamacallit, a shortened version of "what you may call it",
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatchamacallit

doohickey:

A thing (used in a vague way to refer to something whose name one cannot recall)
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/doohickey

thingy:

something that is hard to classify or whose name is unknown or forgotten: THINGAMAJIG
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/thingy

Edit:
As DJClayworth mentions, there's a few other words that mean the same thing. There's online examples for "oojamaflip", although I can't remember hearing it ever used. And a handy thesaurus gives us several other words that are essentially nonsense words that have gained a foothold, simply for their lack of specific meaning.

doodad, gizmo, thingamabob, widget, jigger

https://www.thesaurus.com/browse/thingamajig
And another one I just remembered: whatsit. A similar word, whosit, is more generally used towards people rather than things, but saying "whosit-whatsit" can sometimes cover everything.
And I'm sure there's a wide variety of similar, locale/cultural specific words that I haven't listed in my not comprehensive list. It'd be interesting to have more suggestions in the comments, but I'm not sure if that's exactly relevant to the topic.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Italy's unemployment rate unexpectedly dropped to a record low in the three months through June as the economy expanded for a second year, prompting companies to step up hiring.
The jobless rate fell to 6 percent from 6.2 percent in the first quarter, the Rome-based national statistics office Istat said today. That is the lowest since 1992, when Istat began to record the figures.
This growth-driven stepping-up hiring picture - which is by no means unique to Bloomberg - unfortunately isn't quite the whole Italian labour market dynamics story, as the latest complete data set from ISTAT reveal. Let's have a look at why it isn't.
First off, Italy's unemployment rate has been declining, there is no doubt about that. Here's the chart from Q1 2004 onwards.
But how do we interpret this drop in employment? That is the question. Is there more going on here than meets the eye at first glance?
This situation is extremely preoccupying, especially since the South has been receiving comparatively little immigration. It is preoccupying since it is quite simply unsustainable.
And again, while the economically active migrant population do have a slightly higher unemployment rate than the native Italian equivalent, the order of magnitude is not large, especially given their very high participation rates.
One of the principal problems Italy is now facing is that the number of workers in the most productive age groups is now starting to decline as a % of the total population. If we take a look at the chart for the 25 to 49 age group, we will see that this group rose steadily as a share of the total till the early years of this century. Then the proportion started to level off, and now it is just begining to turn down. 25 to 49 isn't necessarily and exact measure of the most productive group, probably 35 to 50 would be better, but it is the data we have from Eurostat, and it is a good enough measure of the extent of the problem.
If we look at part-time employment as a proportion of total employment, we will see that this has also been on the rise in Italy in recent years, and again this is not surprising in the light of the population ageing which is taking place, and what we know about the impact of this on the functioning of labour markets.
An examination of the retail sales chart tends to confirm this prognosis, after a spike at the end of last year, sales dropped back, and there is now virtually NO change year on year over the previous corresponding months in 2006.
The industrial output trend seems to be very similar, which a spike at the end of 2006, and output actually turning down after May 2007.
At the end of the day all I can really say about the more complete picture we can get from this data, is that it is now well past time that people stopped selling themselves pipedreams that everything is running smoothly and that the need to address the real structural ageing-related issues which Italy actually faces is getting to be more urgent by the day.


text:
Scheme Documents
Mark Womersley
T +44 (0) 117 917 3542
Mark is a Director of Open Trustees and sits as either trustee chairperson or sole trustee on his current appointments.
Mark has been a director of Open Trustees since 1997 and is a former longstanding Partner in Osborne Clarke's pensions team. Mark has considerable knowledge and experience on a wide range of pension matters, including scheme restructurings, investments, scheme funding and governance issues for trustees.
Prior to his retirement in 2019, Mark advised major employers in the private and public sector having worked exclusively on pension matters since the mid-1990s. Mark is a former member of the Association of Pension Lawyers and former head of Osborne Clarke's Bristol office.
2 Temple Back East
Temple Quay
Bristol BS1 6EG
F +44 (0)117 917 3005
Open Trustees Limited is registered in England no: 2679647. Registered office: 2 Temple Back East, Temple Quay, Bristol, BS1 6EG.
A list of the directors is available for inspection at our offices. Authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority.
We use cookies to personalise content and to analyse our traffic. We also share information about your use of our site with our analytics partners. View our cookie policy


text:
%% Here are important PSOM variables. Whenever needed, PSOM will call
%% this script to initialize the variables. If PSOM does not behave the way
%% you want, this might be the place to fix that.

gb_psom_gb_vars = true;

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% The following variables need to be changed to configure the pipeline %%
%% system                                                               %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% how to invoke matlab
gb_psom_command_matlab = [matlabroot filesep 'bin' filesep 'matlab'];

% how to invoke octave
gb_psom_command_octave = [matlabroot filesep 'bin' filesep 'octave'];

% Options for the sge qsub/msub/condor system. For condor, see the help of
% psom_condor.sh
% Example : '-q all.q@yeatman,all.q@zeus'
% will force qsub to only use the yeatman and zeus workstations through the
% queue called all.q
gb_psom_qsub_options = '';

% Options for the shell in batch, qsub, msub or condor modes
gb_psom_shell_options = '';

% Options for the execution mode of the pipeline
gb_psom_mode = 'session';
%gb_psom_mode = 'background';

% Path of the singularity image, used only if gb_psom_mode == 'singularity';
gb_psom_singularity_image=getenv('SINGULARITY_IMAGE');

% Options for the execution mode of the pipeline manager
gb_psom_mode_pm = 'session';

% Options for the execution mode of the deamon
gb_psom_mode_deamon = 'background';

% Options for the execution mode of the garbage collector
gb_psom_mode_garbage = 'background';

% Options for the maximal number of jobs
gb_psom_max_queued = 10;

% Default number of attempts of re-submission for failed jobs
% [] is 0 for session, batch and background modes, and 1 for
% qsub/msub modes.
gb_psom_nb_resub = [];

% Initialization of matlab
gb_psom_init_matlab = '';

% Matlab search path. An empty value will correspond to the search path of
% the session used to invoke PSOM_RUN_PIPELINE. A value 'gb_psom_omitted'
% will result in no search path initiated (the default Octave path is
% used).
gb_psom_path_search = '';

% where to store temporary files
gb_psom_tmp = tempdir;
if ~strcmp(gb_psom_tmp(end),filesep)
    gb_psom_tmp = [gb_psom_tmp filesep];
end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% The following variables should not be changed %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

% PSOM version
gb_psom_version = '1.0.4'; % PSOM release number

% Is the environment Octave or Matlab ?
if exist('OCTAVE_VERSION','builtin')
    % this is octave !
    gb_psom_language = 'octave';
else
    % this is not octave, so it must be matlab
    gb_psom_language = 'matlab';
end

% Options to start matlab
switch gb_psom_language
    case 'matlab'
        if ispc
            gb_psom_opt_matlab = '-automation -nodesktop -singleCompThread -r';
        else
            gb_psom_opt_matlab = '-nosplash -nodesktop -singleCompThread -r';
        end
    case 'octave'
        gb_psom_opt_matlab = '--silent --eval';
end

% Get langage version
if strcmp(gb_psom_language,'octave');
    gb_psom_language_version = OCTAVE_VERSION;
else
    gb_psom_language_version = version;
end

% In which path is PSOM ?
str_gb_vars = which('psom_gb_vars');
if isempty(str_gb_vars)
    error('PSOM is not in the path ! (could not find PSOM_GB_VARS)')
end
gb_psom_path_psom = fileparts(str_gb_vars);
if strcmp(gb_psom_path_psom,'.')
    gb_psom_path_psom = pwd;
end
gb_psom_path_psom = [gb_psom_path_psom filesep];

% In which path is the PSOM demo ?
gb_psom_path_demo = cat(2,gb_psom_path_psom,'data_demo',filesep);

% What is the operating system ?
if isunix
    gb_psom_OS = 'unix';
elseif ispc
    gb_psom_OS = 'windows';
else
    warning('System %s unknown!\n',comp);
    gb_psom_OS = 'unkown';
end

% Getting user name.
switch (gb_psom_OS)
    case 'unix'
        gb_psom_user = getenv('USER');
        devnull = '1>/dev/null 2>&1';
    case 'windows'
        gb_psom_user = getenv('USERNAME');
        devnull = '1>NUL 2>&1';
    otherwise
        gb_psom_user = 'unknown';
end

if exist('flag_gb_niak_fast_gb','var')&&flag_gb_niak_fast_gb
    return
end

% Getting the local computer's name
switch (gb_psom_OS)
    case 'unix'
        [gb_psom_tmp_var,gb_psom_localhost] = system('uname -n');
        gb_psom_localhost = deblank(gb_psom_localhost);
    otherwise
        gb_psom_localhost = 'unknown';
end

% How to open pdf files, will choose the first one that exists
gb_psom_list_pdf = {'xpdf' , 'evince', 'okular' ,'reader', 'undefined'};
for gb_psom_pdf_viewer = gb_psom_list_pdf
    gb_psom_pdf_viewer = gb_psom_pdf_viewer{1};
    [gb_psom_retcode,gb_psom_txt] = system([ gb_psom_pdf_viewer ' --help ' devnull]);
    if  gb_psom_retcode ~= 127
        break
    end
end

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Any following line will be executed at the begining of every PSOM command and every job %%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%% Uncomment the following line to load the image processing package in Octave

% pkg load image

%% Don't use more to verbose "on-the-fly" in Octave

% more off

%% Use .mat files compatible with Matlab in Octave

% default_save_options('-7');

%% This is a bit of a dangerous option, but it makes things run faster in Octave.
%% You'll have to exit octave and start again if you want any change in the functions to be
%% taken into account.

% ignore_function_time_stamp ('all')

%% Use the local configuration file if any, will overwite global config
if ~exist('gb_psom_gb_vars_local','var')&&exist('psom_gb_vars_local.m','file')
    gb_psom_gb_vars_local = true;
    psom_gb_vars_local
    return
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


With rising house prices we may not always be able to buy our dream cottage but we can certainly rent it. This beautiful cottage in the highly sought after village of Hartley Wintney provides that opportunity and is idyllically situated between the cricket green and golf club.
The charm of this cottage is immediately evident as you open the front door and are welcomed into a lounge featuring a stunning brick open fire place. The adjacent dining room also features a decorative fire place and opens up into the kitchen breakfast room where the original features of the property marry with modern alterations.
The breakfast area is a wonderfully light space with skylight windows adding to the contemporary feel and allowing for a flood of natural light. From here there are French doors to the garden creating a place great for entertaining. The kitchen is fully fitted and includes appliances.
At the rear of the property is a modern fitted bathroom with a shower over the bath.
Upstairs there are two double bedrooms and one single room, all with the benefit of built in storage.
At the rear of the property there is a delightful patio providing a private seating area with steps leading up to the lawn which backs on to open fields at the very end.
This wonderful home is available now on an unfurnished basis. To view, please call our lettings office on 01252 514000 or click here for further details.


text:
Turner Wright
Chainalysis Says Bitcoin Price Stable for now, but Future Uncertain
The blockchain and crypto analytics firm helps the average trader understand what exactly happened for the price of BTC to fall to $3,600.
Chainalysis posted their report for the BTC market for March 2020. According to the blockchain and crypto analytics firm, exchanges have experienced a huge inflow of BTC since March 9, receiving nearly 319,000 of the cryptocurrency on March 13 alone.
However, between March 12-13, almost nine times the average daily amount of Bitcoin was sent to exchanges to be sold, causing the price to plummet to $3,000s. This represented BTC's biggest daily drop in the last seven years.
Has the price of Bitcoin stabilized for now?
Though the volume of crypto inflow remains high — twice the daily average — according to Chainalysis, the price of BTC appears to have stabilized for the moment.
"The majority of excess bitcoin arriving at exchanges has been sold, and the worst of the oversupply appears to be finished for now."
The firm offers some possible explanations for the price leveling out after such a tumultuous period. Though transfers between 10 and 1,000 BTC accounted for 70% of the flow of the cryptocurrency through exchanges, Chainalysis says the overall amount of BTC wasn't enough to do lasting damage:
"The majority of available bitcoin was not cashed out, suggesting that most bitcoiners are happy to hold. At 712,000 more than average, the amount of bitcoin sent to exchanges in the last eight days is unprecedented. But this extra 712,000 represents just 5% of available bitcoin (all mined bitcoin minus all lost bitcoin)."
Future disruptions to the crypto market
With retail businesses shutting down across the United States and more companies being forced to let their employees work from home, the future of all financial markets is uncertain. International travel restrictions to combat the spread of the coronavirus continue to change on a daily basis, which has delayed or cancelled crypto events worldwide.
Despite this uncertainty, Chainalysis still plans to use traditional indicators to monitor Bitcoin:
"It's hard to predict where the bitcoin market will go next. However, large increases in exchange inflows have proven to be a good indicator of increased volatility, so we recommend keeping an eye on the amount being transferred to exchanges. We also expect that professional traders will continue to drive events, as opposed to retail exchange users, simply because they are responsible for much larger volumes."
#Predictions
Blockchain to Disrupt Music Industry and Make It Change Tune
Bitcoin's brief trip to $13.2K suggests profit-taking price correction
Industry at a Crossroads, Crypto Enters Fourth Phase of Development
Bitcoin May Be the Solution to Africa's Broken Financial System


This production talks, in abstract terms, of the constructive role of women in society. A role often overlooked and undervalued. In alluding to the textile term of a selvage of cloth being the element holding the entire piece of cloth together and preventing it from fraying and disintegrating, we talk of the pivotal role women play in keeping the fabric of society together. By exposing the raw edges of the cloth in the costumes and presenting layered images of the female form we are illustrating the many layers or facets of femininity, layers which are overlooked as contemporary society focuses the spotlight merely on the exterior.
Typically, in clothing construction, once the garment has been cut and made the selvage of the fabric is thrown away – what has, for the duration of the cloth's long journey to become clothes, kept the entire piece together, becomes discarded, redundant and overlooked.


Easylet Property Management specialise in lettings and property management across Edinburgh. As residential property agents we accommodate hundreds of people across the Capital every year. We have a dedicated team of professional letting agents available to help you manage and find suitable accommodation to rent. We pride ourselves on our competitive commission structure and excellence in customer service, with the two going hand in hand Easylet Property Management has gained a distinct advantage in a market filled with competitors. With a qualified team of professionals we will help you with all aspects of property management, whether you are a Landlord or Tenant Easylet will guide you through the whole process in an approachable, friendly and straight talking professional manner. Rest assured that our dedicated team will be there on hand to assist you every step of the way.
We do not have any reviews about Easylet Property Management available right now.


Great art is one of the finer things of life.
At Wenaha Gallery we offer fine art from original paintings to limited edition prints, as well as 3-dimensional art and books.
Just start typing an artist's name and click Go.
To start your smart search, begin by typing in the medium, title or subject matter.
We have a large inventory of prints available, many which may be sold out at the publisher and hard to find. If you don't see the art you are looking for, contact us and let us assist you in your search.


text:
Tinashe has been winning hearts over since the release of "2 On," her 2014 single. The Schoolboy Q assisted single was infectious as it took over radio and dance floors across the nation.
It made Tinashe a household name as Q's hit making resume continued to grow. Although out the musical picture at the moment, Tinashe is still making headlines. This time however it's not for her music, but for her affiliation to a former group. That group being the New Boyz.
California Rap duo the New Boyz made waves in 2009 after the release of their "You're A Jerk" single. The single was massive and a viral hit. Making the California duo household names. They would follow up the platinum single by releasing another platinum single "Tie Me Down" featuring the Ray J.
The group was on fire and even released a third platinum single "Backseat" from their second album. Thing changed after that and the New Boyz slowed disappeared from the spotlight. They kind of just banished without much reason or questioning. Former group member Ben J recently spoke on the group's decline with VladTV and he had some surprising things to say about R&B singer Tinashe.
"He had a girlfriend named Tinashe. Tinashe was always in his head," said Ben J speaking about from group member Legacy's relationship with the singer. "She was all in his head telling him he was better than me. He don't need to do the kiddy sh*t. Do Disney channel or Nickelodeon. You much more by yourself. You're greater.," continued Ben J
He continued, "All the sh*t she doing now. She was telling him not to do. I really hate that b*tch. I don't like that b*tch at all." "I respect her grind. These b*tches is snakes. They scam us n*ggas. You gotta be on your toes. Just like they did Rob Kardashian. They scam us.," stated Ben J before the clip closed.
Ben J doesn't seem pleased with the way the group ended at all. I've heard group situations can be tricky at times, but I looks like a high level of mess broke up the New Boyz. You never truly know what brought an end to situations until you've heard from all parties. However, Ben J seems convinced about one part being a reason.
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Action #1: Support the refugee community with Windy City Friend of Refugees and check out a great documentary at the same time.
RSVP now for the Windy City Friends of Refugees Night at the Davis Theater! Fundraiser for RefugeeOn and see the Peabody Award Winning Documentary Film, Exodus.
Support Signs 4 Sellouts, a spectacular campaign by Indivisible Illinois to put up billboard denouncing the spineless Roskam and his six Illinois Republican friends.
A fellow Indivisible member and co-founder of The Windy City Friends of Refugees is co-sponsoring a refugee family with Refugee One. They are having a fundraiser at the David Theatre and funds raised from this event will help a refugee family resettle in Chicago this fall. Buy tickets here; the link includes a discount code for platinum tickets.
While you're at it, like their Facebook page and get updates on other ways you can help support our refugee neighbors.
Boy oh boy, did our President have himself a day on the Twitter machine. He just really, really wants to ban the refugees. The same refugees that are fleeing terror, just looking for a place to escape horrific violence. The same refugees that actually cause crime to go down when they enter a community. The same refugees that are literally, not figuratively, welcomed on the Statue of Liberty.
So it seems appropriate that we take this day to do what we can to help reverse the hate.
When Illinois Reps. Peter Roskam, Rep. Rodney Davis, Congressman Randy Hultgren, and Rep. Adam Kinzinger voted for the AHCA, they attacked the very Illinoisans they swore to protect.
We are here to let them know that Illinois will never forget this vote. Our voices will be heard whether they hold town halls or not, and we will remember when we vote in 2018.
This billboard campaign will a) place at least one static billboard in each of their districts and b) rent at least one mobile billboard that we will park in front of their district offices and bring to at least one rally in each district. We will also organize events and have a major PR campaign so that we generate as much press as possible.


text:
Q: A meteor tutorial puzzle, is the client authorization safe? I went through this tutorial and I'm trying to figure out how authorization works:
https://www.openshift.com/blogs/day-15-meteor-building-a-web-app-from-scratch-in-meteor
I see that client-side code is well written and that it handles privileges for logged in users through calls to
if(Meteor.userId())

but as far as I can tell nothing is handling client authorization in the server-side code in epollserver.js.
I tried to create a script that likes questions in a for loop but failed :) So I'm wondering if I'm missing something about the blog, something about the way metamagics work in meteor or if the tutorial actually results with unsafe code?

A: Meteor has a built in accounts functionality, so it has a login package called accounts-base that handles this for you.
The code is in the background and not in your main project files. You can view the package's contents here: https://github.com/meteor/meteor/tree/devel/packages/accounts-base.
Meteor is slightly different in the way security is handled. The tutorial you're using doesn't mention it much, perhaps this is why the question comes about.
Its slightly mentioned with the insecure package. In meteor you can't just update fields as you please in the database without corresponding .allow rules (docs: http://docs.meteor.com/#allow).
If you keep the insecure package in, installed by default, you can edit collections as you please. This is why the tutorial recommends removing it.
Allow rules and Publish
You can specify a rule that tells meteor that only certain users are allowed to alter the database.
Likewise when it comes to autopublish, you can control what database data is sent down from the server to the client.
Combined, these two are what make meteor secure in the same way as conventional web applications. You have a browser which can see html and js, but when it comes to what data it can see or what data it can update it is controlled in a secure fashion.

A: On client-side, you can use Meteor.userId() to manage display fo logged user or anonymous.
In fact you can think it's not secure, but in fact it's enough, if you think well your server-side code. Let's me explain :
In meteor Js, you manage collection through publish/subscribe and direct network call through Meteor.call. So you have to secure both, on server-side.
For the first one you have to remove insecure and autopublish.
Then use allow/deny on your collections to manage who can insert/update/remove data.
Then in your publish functions, that are only on server-side, you have to add :
if (!this.userId) return this.error(new Meteor.Error(403, 'unauthorized access'));

For the second one (Meteor.call) you just have to add in all required Meteor.methods (on server-side) :
if (!Meteor.userId()) throw new Meteor.Error(403, 'unauthorized access');

With those thing your application is "secure". Yes a user can hack your client code to try to display templates that should be available only for logged user, but in fact, this user will not be able to retreive any data, so yes it is secure !
Also don't forget to split your server and client code in different folder (server and client) or all the code will be downloaded by the client. And this is not secure !
Hope it helps you understand Meteor Js.

A: Actually, the tutorial does result with unsafe code since I managed to add a question through the JS console without being logged in, my initial hunch that the code lacks server-side checks was correct
I suspect three more if(Meteor.userId()) in epollserver.js would fix the issue, it's a basic authorization coding failure of not observing the mantra "protect from the server first, then from the client if necessary"