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E. P. Clark: Author, Book Reviewer, and All-Around Literary Handiwoman
About and Contact Info
Reviews (of my books)
The Midnight Land Part I (Sample)
The Midnight Land, Part II (Sample)
The Dreaming Land (Sample)
Blog and Book Reviews
Excerpt from The Breathing Sea II
Excerpt from The Breathing Sea I
The Breathing Sea II: Drowning Press Release
The Breathing Sea I: Burning Press Release
The Write Vision
Starting the Year off Right with More Great Fantasy!
"Pride and Prometheus" by John Kessel
It's a New Year! Reading Recommendations and Updates
Updates on Life, Health, and Other Fragile Things
Get "The City of Shadows" Free Today!
Starting the Year of… on "Pride and Prometheus…
elenapedigo on Dragon/Vampire Fantasy? Why…
Pratyusha Sen on Dragon/Vampire Fantasy? Why…
elenapedigo on Updates on Life, Health, and O…
Dave Astor on Updates on Life, Health, and O…
View @Andreyev7's profile on Twitter
E.P Clark's Facebook Page
Follow E. P. Clark: Author, Book Reviewer, and All-Around Literary Handiwoman on WordPress.com
For The Midnight Land: Part One:
"Clark's narrative wears its Russian literature influences on its sleeve: the parsimonious Princess Primorskaya, for example, seems like she's right out of a Nikolai Gogol tale. The author weaves together realistic episodes of life on the road (with its uncanny watchers just off the path) and skillfully evokes the epic scale of the taiga and tundra: "The great snowy plain stretched out before her all the way to the horizon, where a pale sun was rising." But her choice to swap the usual gender roles—the matriarchal society controls the life of every character, be they man or woman, peasant or Tsarina—elevates this book beyond the average fantasy novel.
A bold beginning to a series that explores gender, empathy, and the frozen north." Kirkus.
"A riveting saga from beginning to end, "The Midnight Land: The Flight" will leave fantasy fiction fans looking eagerly toward the next installment of this outstanding series." Midwest Book Review.
"The Midnight Land- Part 1" by E.P. Clark is one awesome book that I will not soon forget, and I already can't wait to start the next one (Midnight Land part 2 – The Gift). I've read a lot of high/epic fantasy and this one really stands out in terms of originality, and I loved the Russian infusion. The intelligent storylines and plot execution were excellent, and definitely held my interest throughout this 'longish' book. The pacing was good, and I found myself constantly being surprised by unexpected turn of events which is good, because there's nothing that bores me more than a totally predictable book. Slava is a great heroine, but the rest of the (large) supporting cast was just a strong and fully-realized. This was a surreal, almost mystical-feeling book with action, twists, and lots of good fantastical elements. Definitely worth the time to read." Indie Book Reviewers, 5 Stars
"I really enjoyed The Midnight Land: The Flight by E. P. Clark it's an original, and ambitious fantasy, perfectly executed. It starts off slow, but not ploddingly so, and Clark does enough to grab your interest and hold it from the very first line. She sets it in a matriarchal culture, but does it in a way that really brings to light some of the embedded aspects of our own male-centric culture while peppering it with a range of strong and assertive female characters.
Slava herself is quieter, used to life in the Kremlin and living in the shadow of her sister, but she almost seems to go through a coming of age arc, as she gets stronger in her magic and more confident in herself. I often thought she was younger than she actually was until the story progressed further. A great story that part epic saga, part fairy tale and part fantasy, The Midnight Land: The Flight and one that I can't wait to read more of." Manhattan Book Review, 5 Stars
"Beautifully unique and rich in a Central European and West Asian feel that comes together with a surprising and wonder-filled world. The writing has a telling aura of worldly experience, which has lent itself to a gorgeous mix of ideas and a distinctive writing style that I quickly fell in love with. The Midnight Land is sure to do you well in its inspired, character-driven tale of wonder and outer and inner discovery." SPR, 4 Stars
"Imagine reading Shackleton or Cook's journals, only with spirits and gods and psychic powers…[The] Midnight Land is a book of exploration, of a young woman coming to accept herself and her own abilities in life, and a fun frolic in the snow. A perfect read for a long winter's night, especially if you have too much or not enough snow." San Francisco Book Review, 4 Stars
"The Midnight Land by E.P. Clark may be a fantasy novel, but to me it seemed more like a novel of self-discovery. E.P. Clark crafted a new world between the pages, yet the book seemed to focus more on Slava's emotional growth as she grows into a woman during her journey and begins to understand her clairvoyance. My favorite part was when Slava communicated with animals or spirits. By the end of the Midnight Land, I was left feeling glad that I had decided to read E.P. Clark's novel." Readers' Favorite, 4 Stars
For The Midnight Land, Part Two:
"I read a lot of fantasy and mythology books, so this is a genre I'm familiar with. Having read the first book in this series and really enjoying it, I was curious to see if E.P. Clark could continue on as strongly in this one, "Midnight Land, Part 2: The Gift," as often times it seems the sequel tends to fall short of the original. But that certainly wasn't the case here! If anything I think I liked this one almost better – maybe because I knew the characters better and had an investment in their fate and understood the story set-up. Ms. Clark is unarguably a very talented writer, but more than that she genuinely impressed me with her solid world-building and creativeness on many levels. All too often I read works that feel clearly derivative of other books, and although I appreciate literary influences (as is felt here as well), when something this original comes along it is a refreshing change of pace! Some of the writing was downright lyrical in the simple elegance of the prose, and other times I was nearly breathless from the intensity and violent passion. For such a long book I finished it in less than a week, and went through so many highs and lows, it felt like a rollercoaster. Can't wait to see how it all wraps up in "The Breathing Sea'!" Indie Book Reviewers, 5 Stars
"Fantastic! I don't think I put my kindle down once after the 70% mark. This is an impressive follow-up effort from author E.P. Clark and it is quite clear that she is an author to keep an eye on in the future for sure. I can't wait to read the next book in this series… I don't want to give away anything at all, but let's just say that there is a lot of chaos and some pretty crazy drama that goes down that makes you just need to know what will happen to everyone! There are some surprises that I didn't expect, and I could totally see this being a movie or miniseries (or it should be!) It's quite long, and has that big "epic fantasy" feel to it which I love. A great read that will appeal to fans of many genres, as it encompasses so many different aspects of literature, not just fantasy. While there are some familiar concepts at play here that might be reminiscent of other well-known novels, Clark tells her own story in a fresh way that makes the whole journey unpredictable and interesting. Warning, it is not a short book by any means, so be prepared to spend some time. But in my mind it was highly worth it and I almost wished it were longer!" Indie Book Reviewers, 5 Stars


They were extremely professional and on time. They were very friendly and cleaned up after themselves. I would highly recommend them.
On time. Very professional. Did a great job.
inside and outside completed well and quickly.
Responded quickly and work was done within my time frame.
Two men arrived on time, they finished in an hour and a half. Cleaned inside and outside as well as the screens. The windows look great.
They did a great job! They came on time, cleaned all the windows inside and out including the screens and left the house immaculate.


/EINPresswire.com/ -- HOUSTON, TX and NEUQUEN CITY, ARGENTINA--(Marketwired - Aug 3, 2017) - Eco-Stim Energy Solutions, Inc. (NASDAQ: ESES) ("EcoStim" or the "Company") announced today that J. Chris Boswell, the Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, will participate at Enercom's Oil and Gas Conference to be held on August 13th thru August 17th, 2017 at the Westin Downtown Hotel in Denver. The EcoStim corporate presentation is scheduled for 4:25 PM MT on Tuesday, August 15th. The corporate presentation will be webcast and available at the EcoStim web site www.ecostim-es.com.
Eco-Stim is an environmentally focused oilfield service and technology company providing well stimulation and completion services and field management technologies to oil and gas producers. EcoStim's methodology and technology offers the potential in high cost regions to decrease the number of stages stimulated in shale plays through a process that predicts high probability production zones while confirming those production zones using the latest generation down-hole diagnostic tools. In addition, EcoStim offers its clients completion techniques that can dramatically reduce horsepower requirements, emissions and surface footprint. EcoStim seeks to deliver well completion services with better technology, better ecology and significantly improved economics for unconventional oil and gas producers worldwide.


Chemical Agent Resistant Coating (CARC) was developed specifically to provide better protection to US army vehicles. CARC paint offers many benefits when used on army tanks and other tactical vehicles. The application of CARC paints is regulated and only licensed manufacturers can produce it for the army.
One of the needs in the war zones is for camouflage and CARC paint can offer precisely that for military vehicles. CARC coating on army vehicles offers them both infrared and visual camouflage. CARC paint contains special pigments that make it possible for US tactical vehicles to avoid detection through infrared technology.
Special colors have been formulated to offer camouflage to US army vehicles in different types of war terrains. Some colors for CARC paints were developed to be used with specific terrains in mind such as tan for use in desert and sandy terrains. Earlier, most vehicles had camouflage properties for only forest regions or greener areas. The colors were developed after inputs from the experienced army personnel and were not only decided by the CARC research team. Special green and tan shades were formulated to provide adequate cover to tactical vehicles in different war zones.
CARC paint has a non-porous formulation. The CARC coatings don't absorb chemicals and offer greater protection to vehicles and army personnel in case of chemical attacks. When military vehicles are coated with CARC paints, they also receive protection from radioactive compounds and different types of harmful biological agents.
Chemical warfare is a real threat in combat zone. Chemicals can penetrate vehicles and even reach personnel and equipments inside them. But with use of CARC paints, every vehicle is safe. The chemicals remain on the surface of the vehicle only. The toxins cannot penetrate the metal on the vehicles.
The CARC coating process consists of three steps that make the vehicles safe from all chemicals. The pretreatment stage follows with a coat of primer. Then a topcoat is applied, which consists of aliphatic polyurethane. This three-tiered process used for CARC paint applications offers the ultimate protection from chemical agents in conflict zones. Some army vehicles also receive an additional coat of enamel over the primer layer. These steps are necessary to fully utilize the protective properties of CARC paints.
Decontamination of military vehicles can be a time-consuming process and it is also very expensive. But with the chemical-resistant properties of CARC paints, it is easier to decontaminate vehicles that have been exposed to toxins.
CARC paints are also durable, so the coating doesn't get affected by the neutralizing solutions. The vehicles remain safe and can be used for a long time.
Over the years, there have been many changes in the CARC paint technology. Newer and better processes have been developed to make the coatings safer for the environment. Many changes over the years have lessened the VOC emissions from the chemicals used in the CARC paints. For example, primer specifications were altered to make the substance more stable for the environment. Similar changes were made to topcoats and other coatings as well. VOCs are volatile organic compounds that most chemicals release to some degree. These are present in common items such as paint and not necessarily only in industrial emissions.
Fewer VOC emissions are also beneficial for the personnel using the vehicles as these compounds remain in the air and can enter the lungs. VOCs can impact the health of the military personnel depending on the presence of these chemicals in the nearby environment. Current CARC paints are less damaging to the environment and release fewer toxins in the air.
Absence of extensive decontamination steps leads to savings of significant amounts of money. The durability and protective capabilities of CARC paint also extends life of military vehicles and all the tactical equipments housed in them. Use of CARC paints is actually an investment from the government that leads to cost benefits in many ways. The environment safety properties of CARC paints also translates into less investment for managing the toxic emissions.
Today, everybody is shopping online, even those people who found the process a bit dodgy when it first became possible. Now, shopping online is a way to take the drudgery out of everyday shopping so we can free up our personal time for things that are not fighting crowds, sitting in traffic, or standing in line. Shopping online is no longer iffy; it's easy and even rewarding. There are a number of best coupon sites, sites that save money for a whole community, and cashback sites. But is joining a community and giving away what seems like it might be a lot of personal information worth it? How do the cashback sites work, and can they really save you money, or is the benefit too good to be true?
They are a relatively new idea in online shopping, but they are based on the idea that the more people who are interested in purchasing the product, the cheaper the cost can be. Retailers want to build their customer base, and people aren't going to shop online unless it is better overall than shopping in the stores. Online shopping means that the retailer can sell stock without having to pay to keep it on display, and they can reward the customer for shopping.
Nadine hears that there might be health benefits if she drinks at least one cup of water a day from a copper water bottle. She needs more information, but she thinks it might not hurt to find out. She looks around in a few stores in the neighborhood where she lives and finds many lovely water bottles made out of plastic, glass, or stainless steel at a variety of price marks. When she asks if any are made from copper, the answer is 'hmmm, interesting question…have you tried online?' So, she heads home and does a quick google search for 'copper water bottle,' and she finds some beautiful copper vessels along with the information on copper's health benefits that she was looking for. She finds a bottle that she wants, but before purchasing it, she makes a note on paper of what she has decided to purchase, and closes the site.
Then she goes back, logs into her cashback site, and finds a link to the store. Now she has a coupon for a discount, or for free shipping, and an idea of the percentage of cash she can expect to be credited, and she purchases the items she wants. When she gets enough money in her account, she can withdraw it. The amount will increase with the more she purchases, and it also will increase as she builds her community by referring her friends. When her network grows, she gets commission on her friends' purchases and on her friends' friends' purchases.
So, this is the way it works, and it does work, but like everything, don't be disappointed if you don't get rich overnight. It is not likely that the promises of many of these sites are as great as they claim to be; however, as long as you are not expecting them to be your primary source of income, they shouldn't disappoint. Discounts of 75% and double-your-money cash back will be the exception, not the norm.
1. If you are buying things online anyway, it doesn't hurt to keep an account at a cashback site. Just don't pay money to become a member and don't be seduced by any one offering a signup bonus.
2. Don't expect the money to start coming in tomorrow. It can take a few months before you see your first reward, and it might not be as big as you were expecting. But when it does come, take it as soon as you can. When the money is yours, withdraw it. It's only available as long as the cashback site exists.
3. Don't buy things just for the reward you think you might get. Cashback sites are only good for things you were going to buy anyway, even if you weren't a member.
4. Don't worry that the cashback site can't promise you a specific amount of money on a specific date. It's all variable. Worry if they make you a guarantee.
Danfoss commercial compressors with their latest and superior engineering strength have become the world's leading automated solutions provider for Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning industry. With customer satisfaction as the core focus area, the company delivers these solutions for residential, commercial, and industrial applications with high efficiency, and in line with environmental and other regulatory compliance.
Danfoss uses the latest and the innovating technologies in making scroll and reciprocating compressors that cater to global markets. Scroll compressors have wide usage in residential, commercial, and industrial applications and these compressors offers great benefits to these industries.
Danfoss scroll compressors comes with the latest heat pump and compression technology offers great efficiency, less vibration, and lower noise levels for air conditioning and heat pump applications. The smart designs of the compressors help make these compressors perform within the specified environmental regulations anywhere in the world. The electrical connectors, plugs and other equipment makes it easy to install and mount the compressors.
Danfoss reciprocating compressors, specifically designed to cater 2.3 – 13 TR applications, come with high quality, and precision ensure that ensures these compressors have a longer life span; these compressors operate in wide range of applications and under different operating conditions. Operating with multiple refrigerants, these offer high efficiency and their unique compact design makes them the best alternative for packaged and split air conditions.
• Wide Product Range: Danfoss manufactures a wide range of compressors for commercial, industrial, and residential applications. The inverter product range is vast, and comes with latest engineering technology including a prequalified Danfoss compressor and drive, which helps these inverters deliver great efficiency.
• Energy Efficiency: High efficiency of the compressors complete range of scroll compressors makes them the best performing compressors in the world.
• Compact Design: Occupying less space with compact design, requiring less inventory with high efficiency, and reduced noise levels make these compressors ideal for residential and commercial areas.
Danfoss has extensive knowledge on the compressor markets across the world, which helps them design the right compressors for use in any application and anywhere in the world. Their engineering expertise coupled with vast experience helps Danfoss manufacture the most efficient compressors.
Danfoss understands that the air-conditioning systems needs to adapt to changing environment conditions all through the year, which brings about a variation in temperatures of each day.
WSH: Yet another high efficiency compressor for A/C systems that works well under low condensing temperatures, as well. The compressor with 7.5 – 15 TR comes with a high Coefficient of Performance (COP). Easy mounting, servicing, and the connector plug avoids any possible miswiring issues.
SH – 295: With its unique compact design, the SH 295 is 25% smaller than the standard 25 compressor, with 3.25w/w this new model achieves greater COP. It is highly environment friendly and helps reduce the carbon footprint.
SH – 485: The innovative SH-485 comes with a 40-ton compressor boasts of high energy efficiency that saves up to 26% load efficiency with its unique Intermediate Discharge Value (IDV). The years of research has helped Danfoss develop and patent a unique gas flow path that helps regulate motor winding temperature maintaining it at uniform levels for ensuring overall reliability.
S – Series Compressor: The unique intermediate cap design helps in increased efficiency and reduced noise levels. Unique, internal non-return value helps avoid refrigerant migration from high-pressure side. It comes with a unique no contact – no wear unique design to help improve efficiency in operation without any noise. With oil sight glass and oil equalizer, the compressor is ready for Mani-folding. The oil drain tube of the compressor helps in easy maintenance.
Danfoss commercial compressors helps meet the growing demands of high efficiency for saving energy and environment protection. These compressors offer high efficiency, offer a quiet environment, low sound levels, offers perfect cooling by maintaining humidity within the limits and comes with drive protection that offers an improved reliability in performance. With so many features and benefits, the leader in compressor manufacturing Danfoss offers great benefits to Original Equipment manufacturers, Designers, and the end users.
Ebac dehumidifiers are robust and energy efficient, as such they save costs in the short run and for over a period with their durable nature. Ebac manufactures dehumidifiers for any purpose, whether you need them for residential purposes of for commercial or industrial purposes Ebac has a dehumidifier that meets your goals easily.
A sudden change in the weather can create health hazards, and can damage property as changes in the weather may cause mold to grow, gives rise to allergies, etc., especially if the house does not have either proper ventilation or insulation. They also bring along allergies, which could cause diseases among the households.
When you notice signs of damp, which includes signs of condensation on your windows, you need to understand that the house needs a dehumidifier. You need to extract the excess water, so the damp does not stay for long, also ensures there is no mold, etc. As such, dehumidifier takes away the excess water or damp from the homes and keep the homes dry. Keeping the indoors dry helps protect the wall paint, wallpaper from peeling, prevents the growth of mold. You can check the humidity of the room using a hygrometer.
Condensation is a major problem; a house has many triggers or areas, which encourage condensation. Kitchen, showers, bath may cause mold growth and dampness. Using a dehumidifier is the best possible solution to keep the areas dry and control the humidity.
Without any doubt in modern days, dehumidifiers play an important role in protecting the health and wealth of the consumers, residential, commercial, or even industrial. It is important to understand the different types of dehumidifiers to recommend the right humidifier for a specific usage.
Against the common misconception that dehumidifiers are bulky, occupy a lot of your scare space, Ebac dehumidifier comes in compact sizes, have strong built, unique and efficient designs, pleasing appearance and offer reliable service.
Primarily there are two types of humidifiers available on the market today – compressor dehumidifiers, and desiccant dehumidifiers. A third type of dehumidifier, the lesser known, and thermo electric dehumidifier caters to very small areas such as a shelf or a cupboard are also available. These dehumidifiers can handle very small amounts of moisture, damp, or water; they can remove very small quantities of these materials.
Ebac dehumidifiers are available in two types – compressor dehumidifier and desiccant dehumidifiers. Compressor dehumidifiers are primarily for residential purposes. These dehumidifiers have good enough capabilities to dry, control humidity of an average house area. Such dehumidifiers have low maintenance costs, making them the perfect dehumidifiers for domestic use.
Desiccant humidifiers can cater to large areas, keeping the areas dry, preventing any mold growth or condensation, by extracting large amounts of waters. However, they have high costs associated; they may consume 2-3 times more electricity than the regular compressor dehumidifiers consume. Such dehumidifiers serve commercial, industrial projects; they can also plan an important role in case of natural calamities such as floods, etc. when the temperature drops dangerously below the normal temperatures.
• Strong and Robust Build: Ebac Dehumidifiers come with strong and robust built for durability. Rugged steel used for casing offers that extra durability, and longevity. The neat finishing helps the dehumidifier get neat and decent look, as well!
• Energy Efficient: Most Ebac dehumidifiers comes with high levels of energy efficiency. Each of the parts such as compressor, fan have high efficiency and delivers high performance consuming less electricity and releasing low noise or sound levels.
• Good Water Extraction Capabilities: Most of the Ebac Dehumidifiers have good to great water extraction capabilities. The dehumidifiers adhere to the regulations as specified by the Association of Home Appliances Manufacturers Association (AHAM). Ebac dehumidifiers ensure that they remove right amount of waters, moisture so the space gets dry at the earliest.
• Easy installation and Operation: Most Ebac Dehumidifiers are easy to install and maintain, they come with a variety of installation features so you pick the one that suits your limitations, and have low maintenance costs. For ease of operation, the Ebac Dehumidifiers come with smart and automatic controls.
The compact size and continuous drainage capabilities along with many other features make the Ebac Dehumidifiers the best option for keeping humidity under control for residential or commercial projects.
Reading Edith Wharton offers an enjoyment that the reader carries through. She not only writes beautifully with a sharp account of the society she knew, but she knows how to tell the tale and take the reader along until the last page of the book. Her ghost stories just like her novels at core deal with same aspects that she is so preoccupied with, respectively wealthy people, their vanity and the questionable morality expressed in all their deeds. In Afterward by Edith Wharton, we see a young American couple going through tremendous anxiety to find a suitable old English mansion to live in but quite strikingly a mansion with a real live ghost is offered to them by chance turning the story to an interesting dimension. The thing that makes people glued to the storyline is that while reading they cannot realize they have actually come across a ghost and it is only 'afterward', in the course of events, that they know the truth.
The storyline goes like this. A young American couple decides to buy a large mansion in the English Countryside. They were actually looking for an old house to offer their own living mark. They even like to live in a house with a ghost. Finally, the house they buy seems to lack these aspects and though there is likely to be a ghost it is not found until long afterwards.
Mary and Edward Boyne, the couple fixes up the place quite well. They are also financially well-off thanks to the successful business of the later. They have a very bonding relationship and almost everything in their lives is perfect. In one laid out afternoon, they decide to hike the hill near their home when a man is seen walking up the driveway. When venturing to catch him the man disappears suddenly before anyone could get there. Though finally, all comes out well and settled again, the time after seeing this disappeared man offers a few intriguing twists and turns and that deserves a firsthand reading rather than knowing the storyline in review.
Many of us have been kind of people who are easily spooked with slight frightening things. They can be ghosts or demons or evil spirits that make the perfect nightmare deepening our fright for the darkness and invisible. Edith Wharton's (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edith_Wharton) present story is just way ahead of the so called ghost story clichés. It is through and through intriguing and involving and moreover, quite living with regular characters. In 'Afterward', the disappearing man appears again and again for a palpable duration offering them the nerve raking fright of ghost that they were so romantic about while buying the house. We have to wait for the final revelation about the ghost's existence until much later when one of their friend arriving suddenly recalls the past related to the house.
For many of us who have an uncanny knack for the capturing horror, may find this story more enjoyable than so called volumes of horror books. That slow build up of frightening and foreboding that only crafty writers can utilize to the fullest extent and use potently in stories, is more rewarding and impressive than so called made-to-frighten clichés with same repetitive elements in different shapes and ambiences. The true horror and tension of relating the weird events goes well together and our present writer has an exceptional skill in that.
First of all, the mansion at Lyng seems as the ideal ambience for Edward and Mary Boyne to make their home with some fantasized idea about ghosts. The scenic landscape all around and their desolation are quite complementing to each other. It is quite what seems to be the kind of place the couple were looking for. When they are informed that the mansion has the presence of a ghost, they rather took it as a fun element added to their happy life. The real turn of the story is in the discovery of the ghost long 'Afterwards' and the whole story is a systematic progression or building up of that horror element that surprises us all including the couple in the book.
The circumstances that ensue are undoubtedly strange and this strangeness achieves the peak when Edward is observed with a slightly distressed behavior and a strange man is seen walking up the driveway that quickly disappears as soon as he tries to get hold of him. An otherwise happy life of the couple gets threatened by this mysterious appearance and disappearance.
Wharton as a master storyteller weaves every aspect of the story to make the revelation of the ghost a surprising event taking hold of her readers and obviously her characters. The plot has been devised in a slow progression with the delicate weaving of details to build the story's encapsulating suspense and take the reader's anxiety to the optimum level.
John Ruskin as the famous Victorian era art critic, poet and prolific prose artist has already earned a special place in context to the discussion of modern artworks and criticism. This elaborate biography- The Life of John Ruskin by W. G. Collingwood is a critical discussion on Ruskin's life, work and influence is a decisive work to understand his life, time and works.
John Ruskin's life, from the artist's early childhood, his ancestry, childhood influences to his grooming as a prolific art critic and writer. In different chapters, his beginning as a prolific young poet, his early inclination towards nature worship, introduction to the modern works of art and paintings, his love affair and marriage, the detailed account of getting prize and accolades from Oxford and his growing delusion with the aristocratic circle around him and his deteriorating health condition have documented with details.
The Book Two of the volume basically dealt with the art criticism that he is so well known of. His admiring criticism of Turner's works continued and he expressed the close links of the painter's works with that of the ancients. His seminal work named Modern Art have been discussed in the first chapter, followed by his work on Christian art, a study on Gothic Era architectural works named as Seven Lamps, a book on artworks and architectural works of Venice, work on pre Raphael era art and lastly, his great volumes of lectures on several subjects ranging from political economy of art to the continued aesthetic discourse on emerging expressions of modern art.
Book Three of this authoritative biographical work dealt with the most matured topics of interest of the artist. As the author expressed, following the publication of the last installment of his seminal work Modern Painters, Ruskin began to utilize art criticism as a vehicle to talk about major polemic topics including religion, ethics and economics. From this time, as the author expressed, he took art as more of a text rather than his focused theme. Facing the intensely intimidating war and political scenario in the late 19th century Europe, he developed a political and social doctrine that would continue to find an audience across niches from all over the world. His expressed role as a hermit and heretic at this stage of life has been well documented and discussed here.
From little boy poet to becoming as the most important art critic of his time to his ultimate transformation in the role of a hermit and heretic lecturing on ethics and social issues, the book captured this prodigious author in totality. This has been far beyond the mere biographical accounts as it incorporated his artistic wisdom, almost all his subtle leaning and interests and his greater social and philosophical vision beyond the discourse on art and artworks. In that sense this elaborate biography inherits the great tradition of looking at the life of a prodigy with a broader vision of his historical contribution and his influence on the future of art beyond the lived experience of his time.
John Ruskin throughout the latter half of the Nineteenth century and beyond was considered as an original thinker on art who took his discussion on modern art to the level of a refined discourse that influenced generations of thinkers, artists and critics. Naturally, taking a closer look at his life, time, major influences and accolades, the development of his thoughts, his works and his continuing legacy is a hilarious task that W.G Collingwood as the author of this work succeeded to reach through.
The book deserves positive attention and praise for incorporating a scientific approach to the analysis of the insinuations that led to the development of the latest approaches and thoughts. This typical psychoanalytical focus on the relatively unnoticeable happenings in the artist's life gave the book a novelistic charm. Collingwood discussed his thoughts and artistic leanings, not just from typical biographers approach, but tried to dig into the relevant influences in his life, time and influences that shaped those thoughts. Deciphering the artistic wisdom of a prodigy like John Ruskin (architecture.about.com/od/greatarchitects/p/ruskin.htm) not only requires years of scholarly meditation on the author's work, but also an expansive study on the history of art in general. This authoritative and scholarly study achieved this mastery of artistic wisdom and analysis to the right degree.
The Mystery of the Sea by Bram Stoker, revolved around the supernatural reality perceived by some of the characters, including our protagonist and subsequent revelation of the underlying mystery. In that sense, this novel deals with a philosophical theme of the supernatural underlying the so called reality around us.
Bram Stoker in his narrative could enliven the inherent tension pertaining to the search for the truth behind the mystery throughout and that alone gave the novel an undisputed excellence. Unlike other great novels that in trying to deal with a vague, mysterious vision and subsequent revelation gets caught in the traps of falsified imageries and cliché narrative explanations, this one could make it sound exceptionally precise and devoid of any common clichés. As readers, we can really enjoy some breathtaking moments between the pages and there has hardly been a moment when the storyline failed to stick to our attention. For a novel, this alone is a great achievement and it is even more because of the complexity of the theme and storyline in this novel.
What the revelation is all about? Does it have any philosophical vision? Is it at all relevant to the reader apart from the context of the story? These questions are sublime in judging for the merit of the novel. To be honest, besides the good and fairly engaging narrative that never missed its ground under the feet, the novel in dealing with the supernatural aspects and revelation could not add any valuable philosophical statement. The vision it constantly talks of is very relative and esoteric in nature and the author seemed to be fairly inept in addressing this esotericism in all its importance and relevance. In spite of the characters playing convincing roles and constantly shredding lights on the mysterious things that are taking place on the sea shore, the light could never enlighten the bottom of their very existence and their search. In that respect we can only say that the novel remained philosophical only on the surface level.
It reminds me a little bit of Graham Greene (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Greene) in some aspects of the novel, particularly in the typical laid back lifestyle and grave tone of the protagonist. Yes to confront unexpected visions and get drenched in them one needs to be well composed and develop a kind of passivity about the life around. That relaxed and passive way of looking at things alone helps uncover many aspects of life otherwise unknown or unattended. Even though the novelist gave every situation its required clarity along with the composed, laid back pace of looking at things at length, sometimes we could not help but feeling the utter monotony of revolving around the same cacophony of signs relating to the mystery. All we feel at such times is that the author could be a little creative in incorporating a variety of settings rather than just sticking to the series of events on the same ladder of developments.
Finally, judging the tonality, expressions, engaging storytelling and narrative of the novel, it can well be recommended for the readers who have an uncanny knack for themes related to existential mysteries. But then, the reader should expect only an ephemeral perception of the mystery rather than a strongly grounded enquiry in deciphering the mysterious signs in life and things as we often find in Becket's novels and other short writings. The present enquiry itself is dramatically entertaining and praiseworthy for engaging the reader until the last lines. But, since the novelist has been successful in building expectation with his gritty narrative, we naturally fancy the limits he could have broken through.


In funeral service, you're in the business of healing. That means creating healing opportunities for your families is the biggest contribution you can make in their lives.
But let's admit it, once the funeral service is over, it's not easy to get families to visit your funeral home to receive that extra level of care. So how can you help your families feel like they're not alone days, weeks and months after the service – WITHOUT being too overbearing?
Who says a funeral home can't bring people together? You'll be the only funeral business in town who can get people together for the greatest cause of all… healing. You could host a movie night, book club… or anything! Get creative and remember, it's all in the name of healing.
Sunset Funeral Home gets really creative by hosting monthly photo contests at their funeral home. To view their live website, click on the image.
If you don't have the budget or time to create a workshop or newsletter, why not buy a book shelf and put some of your favorite grief and healing books on it? All you need to do is figure out an organized way to keep track of where your books are going, and voila, you have yourself a grief and healing library!
As an alternative (or addition) to a grief book library, you could send every family you serve home with a grief book. Thanks to Amazon and other websites, you can find these books for cheap. Think about the ROI of a $5 book… not only will families be pleasantly surprised, but they'll appreciate your effort of going above and beyond where other funeral homes might not.
– Provide a link on your website to your favorite grief support networks.
– Create a pamphlet with different grief support groups to attend and give to every family you serve.
– Promote different grief support events on your funeral home's social media channels.
French Funerals lists all of their most trusted grief resources for family in an engaging way on their website. To view their live website, click on the image.
By helping families find grief support groups, you're making it much easier for them to begin their journey of healing. And no one can argue that value of that.
It's not very realistic to hire a grief counselor to chat with every family you serve… or is it? Some funeral website solutions offer interactive grief videos that are tailored to the type of grief your families' are experiencing. These are helpful because families can get through their grief journey from the comfort of their own home. The best interactive grief videos will be specifically tailored to the different types of grief your families may be facing. Visit BC Bailey's website to view a these interactive videos.
BC Bailey Funeral Home's website features interactive grief videos from Dr. Virginia Simpson. Click on the image to view their live website.
What if there was a way you could communicate with families every day for an entire year after the service? With daily email affirmations, you can. Offering a daily email solution to families is a great way to help your firm maintain a positive relationship with the families you serve.
There are two options to create these emails, you can either: 1) Create your own or 2) Ask your funeral home website provider if they offer built-in grief support resources.
– Create a mix of different types of emails. You can include videos you've found on grief, inspirational stories, poems, tips, quotes, photos, grief tips, etc.
– Keep it simple. At the core of these daily emails is grief support, so there's no need to hire a designer to design these emails. Just plain ole' content will do just fine. Plus, if you use a platform like MailChimp, you can design your emails for free!
– Put them to use. The good news is once you create your email affirmations, you can use them as social media statuses, in your newsletter, or you can even put them all together into a grief and healing book, written by your funeral home. The sky is the limit!
– Hire a writer you trust. Or, even better, have a grief counselor in your area write them.
– Find the right email marketing platform. There are a lot of affordable platforms out there that are really easy to use. Our pick? MailChimp. The best part? You can send up to 12,000 emails every month for free!
Here is an example of Schoedinger Funeral Service & Cremation's Daily Email Affirmations, offered as a part of their f1Connect website by funeralOne. Click on the image to view their live website.
In my opinion, one of the biggest fears of losing someone is the fear of them being forgotten eventually. What if you could help this cause by bringing in all the families you've served in one year after the funeral service? You could have a memorial service in honor of each of their loved ones. And afterwards, you can spend time checking in with families to make sure they're feeling OK. Not only could this be a powerful experience for them, but it also shows you truly care about them.
One of the easiest ways you can stay in touch with a family and send them your love and support is by sending a personalized card to them a couple of months after the service. It could in honor of a holiday, the loved one's birthday, their death anniversary, or any day really. At the end of the day, it's about making them feel like you truly care. Plus, sending a personalized card in the mail could be the one thing that keeps that family coming back to your funeral home for future generations.
Now that you know all of the different possibilities for supporting your families after the service, why not put them into action? If you don't have the time or the resources to get started all on your own, consider getting your website provider involved. Many website solutions offer built-in grief support resources that you can use, free of charge. In the end, it's about serving families… before, during AND after the service. And if you can do that, your families will never forget you for it.
To learn more about funeralOne's free online grief support resources, click here or give us a call at 800-798-2575, ext. 5.
How do you support families after the funeral service? Share your ideas in the comments below!
their dearly departed family members.
Hi April, wow that's amazing! Thanks for sharing your wonderful approach to service and community involvement with us 🙂 We always love hearing from you!


Toddlers can be a fickle bunch. One day, taking a bath is their all-time favorite activity; the next, they are hysterical at the sound of the faucet and throw a tantrum if you try to wash their hair. If you've experienced this split personality when it comes to getting clean, it may be time to mix up your bath routine. There are plenty of products that will help to make a toddler's bath time both relaxing and fun. Here are five ways to get you started.
There are plenty of household items that can add to your toddler's bath time enjoyment. Start in the kitchen: There are obvious items, like measuring cups and measuring spoons, plastic cups, and bowls, but think bigger. Break out the colander and slotted spoons, cupcake pans, bulb-style basters, and whisks. You can also wash out and reuse milk jugs, soda bottles, and other water-proof containers.
No coloring on the walls, right? Bend the rules at bath time with fun products like bath crayons, which allow little ones to create masterpieces on bath walls without permanently marking up the tub or themselves. Other fun (and washable) products to try include finger paint soap or homemade puffy paint made with shaving cream. It may get a little messy, but the good news is that you already have your toddler in the bath!
Sure clean, clear water is great, but jazzing it up a bit can prove to be a thrilling way to entice a young child to take his or her bath without a struggle. An all-time favorite, your toddler is sure to get a kick out of a bubble bath. Use a bubble bath made specifically for young children and sensitive skin. Make sure it is free of fragrances, which may irritate a toddler's skin, parabens, and harsh-sounding chemicals.
But there are other options if bubble bath is too boring for your toddler. Fizzy, colored disks can turn the bath water into a rainbow of reds, purples, pinks, blues, yellows, and oranges. Read the directions -- there is usually a suggested max on how many tablets should be used in one bath and let your toddler choose the colors for the night. The process of deciding then watching the colors fizz in the water will make bath time all the more exciting.
Sure, you have your standard rubber ducky, sponges, and sailboat, but if bath time has become a bore, it might be time to invest in a few new and cool toys for bathing fun. The good news: Most bath toys are very inexpensive. Even better: Your little one will likely be so excited just by the surprise of a new toy that he or she will be cooperative during bath time. Check out some of these great bath toy options: an octopus you can play hoops with, water flutes your little one can make music with, or a net your toddler can go fish with.
If your toddler has a young sibling, try having them take a bath together and turn bath time into a playdate. They'll entertain each other while you wash two kids in the time it usually takes to wash one. No sibling? Have a doll especially for bath time play.


Though best known for his turns as the bass player for Fiji Mariners and BlueGround UnderGrass, Joseph Patrick Moore presents here on his third solo release nothing but his bass-fifteen tracks that touch on jazz, rock, and classical music. Most of the tracks were written by Moore but he also includes some interesting cover selections such as the Police's MASOKO TANGA. Alone Together features Moore on upright acoustic and electric basses with overdubs and samples and whatever else it takes to make it work. Listening to this record, one gets the feeling of being invited into Moore's living room for a long musical conversation that lasts well into the night.
It's a must for bass players but is also an excellent record that captures an amazing performer and his craft.


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Home Tags F-1 RACING
Tag: F-1 RACING
Audi to enter Formula One in 2026 as power unit manufacturer
Sports Talk Florida - August 30, 2022 0
SPA-FRANCORCHAMPS, Belgium (AP) — German manufacturer Audi will enter Formula One in 2026 in line with new engine regulations, chairman Markus Duesmann said on...
Grand Prix of Monaco: It will be another showdown between Red...
Sports Talk Florida - May 29, 2022 0
MONACO (AP) — Charles Leclerc topped both of Friday's practice sessions at the Monaco Grand Prix, where the Ferrari driver could use a victory...
F-1 Racing: Leclerc fastest in 2nd practice for Australian Grand Prix...
Sports Talk Florida - April 9, 2022 0
MELBOURNE, Australia (AP) — Ferrari driver Charles Leclerc was fastest in Friday's second practice session for the Australian Grand Prix, with Formula One champion...
F1 Saudi Arabia GP: Big three Ferrari, Red Bull and Mercedes...
Sports Talk Florida - March 27, 2022 0
JIDDAH, Saudi Arabia (AP) — Formula One appeared on schedule to race Sunday at the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix after nearly four hours of...
2022 F1 Opener: Nightmare for Verstappen as Leclerc wins the Bahrain...
SAKHIR, Bahrain (AP) — After winning last year's Formula One title on the last lap of the last race, Max Verstappen's title defense began...
AUTO RACING: F1 championship battle comes down to the final race...
Sports Talk Florida - December 12, 2021 0
All Times Eastern FORMULA ONE Abu Dhabi Grand Prix Site: Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Schedule: Friday, practice, 4:30 a.m. and 8 a.m.; Saturday, practice, 5 a.m., and...
Today's Grand Prix of Monaco boasts a star-studded field. Live ESPN...
MONACO (AP) — Charles Leclerc won the first pole for Ferrari since 2019 despite crashing with 18 seconds remaining to end Saturday qualifying at...
F1 driver Grosjean escapes after horror crash at Bahrain GP
Sports Talk Florida - November 30, 2020 0
SAKHIR, Bahrain (AP) — Formula One driver Romain Grosjean appears to have escaped with burns after his car crashed and burst into flames moments...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Could you benefit from a collaborative law divorce?
On behalf of The Law Offices of James A. Cuddy, LLC posted in Divorce on Wednesday, July 5, 2017.
The use of alternative dispute resolution in divorce proceedings just makes sense. Imagine you have been married for 15 years and you're seeking a divorce. You and your ex-spouse may have amassed a lot of marital assets together, including vehicles, real estate, retirement savings, cash bank accounts and more. You may also have child custody and child support decisions to make.
In a case where two spouses cannot agree on anything, it may be impossible to reach a fair settlement out of court. However, Connecticut spouses often see the wisdom in reaching accord. Many spouses want to benefit from the time-saving and money-saving aspects of reaching an out of court settlement, which also allows them to stay in control of their divorce outcome, and this motivates them to work together.
In this respect, one form of alternative dispute resolution has become very popular in recent years: the collaborative law divorce.
What is a collaborative law divorce?
The collaborative law process works well to resolve many areas of disagreement. Sometimes corporations use collaborative law to work through their contract disagreements. Spouses can benefit from it too -- if they're willing and able to work together peacefully and supportively to honor one another's wishes. In fact, the collaborative law process was invented by family law attorneys in the early 1990s. These attorneys wanted a more straightforward and civil solution to reach settlements in divorce cases.
During collaborative law proceedings, both parties will meet face to face in a neutral place along with their collaborative lawyers. The attorneys support the spouses in speaking positively with one another, and in honoring each side's perspective, needs and goals throughout the process.
With collaborative law, both participants make a commitment to resolve their dispute. Through the use of two collaborative process-trained lawyers, one representing each party, couples start to work through their differences and disagreements with the ultimate goal of penning their divorce agreement.
Collaborative law has a reputation for achieving results
Amazingly, in most situations, the collaborative law process works and the spouses end up with the vital aspects of their divorce -- concerning child custody and asset division -- decided and settled. Spouses who participate in the process not only save money and time, they also decrease the emotional burden that divorce often brings to the family.
Related Posts: Dividing the family business during a divorce, Claiming dependents in a divorce, What may happen to a business in divorce, How to get the kids to adjust to two homes after divorce
Alimony (11)
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Protecting separate property during a divorce
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© 2019 by The Law Offices of James A. Cuddy, LLC. All rights reserved. Disclaimer


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QUESTIONS? CALL: 020 7250 8374
We empower young people across the UK to have a say and be heard
Email: info@byc.org.uk
British Youth Council
CAN Mezzanine 49-51 East Road London N1 6AH
We want our Parliament to: Recognise that our minds matter, and improve the access to and quality of our mental health services.
Our Vision: We believe that the Government needs to do more to address mental health challenges faced by young people. We believe that the stigma surrounding mental health prevents many young people from seeking support, and that help and advice is often scarce. Greater investment needs to be made to ensure that support and care is; age-appropriate, youth-friendly and accessible both locally and nationally for 16-25 year olds. We also believe that the Government must ensure measures are developed to raise the availability and quality of youth mental health provisions across the UK. This will help tackle the postcode lottery of provision.
● One in eight 5 to 19-year olds experience at least one clinically diagnosable mental health problem (Mental Health of Children and Young People in England, NHS Digital, 2017)
● Half of all lifetime cases of psychiatric disorders start by age 14 and three quarters by age 24 (Key Data on Adolescence 2013, Association from Young People's Health, 2013)
● There continues to be a post-code lottery of early help provision. For example, analysis by the Children's Commissioner for England has found that local areas allocated a total of £226 million for low-level mental health services in 2018/19, just over £14 per child. (Early access to mental health support, Children's Commissioner, April 2019)
● Research shows that children and young people go an average of ten years between first showing signs of mental health problems and getting any help. Every day opportunities are being missed to help these children. (Missed Opportunities, Centre for Mental Health, June 2016)
Email us: info@byc.org.uk
Registered Charity no. 1123224 Company Limited by Guarantee no. 6226595
Registered Office: CAN Mezzanine, 49-51 East Road,
London, N1 6AH.
British Youth Council © 2016 All rights reserved.


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Taliban decision to ban women from universities draws global criticism – JURIST
Qatar among three Middle East advertisers banned by TFL after LGBT crackdown
UK High Court rules Brexit settlement scheme 'unlawful' – JURIST
PD 2022-12-22 by William Charles Potter
Leave a Comment on UK High Court rules Brexit settlement scheme 'unlawful' – JURIST
The UK High Court Wednesday held that the Home Office acted unlawfully in implementing the EU Settlement Scheme (EUSS). The scheme was introduced as part of the Brexit process. It grants UK immigration status to EU citizens who moved to the UK prior to Brexit. However, the court said that the way the scheme operates is "unlawful."The judicial review case was brought to court by the Independent Monitoring Authority for the Citizen's Rights Agreements (IMA), an organization created to ensure that the rights of EU citizens living in the UK are not put at risk by public bodies. The IMA challenged the Home Office's requirements that citizens with pre-settled status in the UK must make a EUSS application or risk the loss of residence rights. The rights that could be lost by these citizens if they did not apply included the right to healthcare and education, the right to apply for housing and benefits, and the right to work in the UK.Ruling on the case, Justice Lane highlighted that instances where citizens face the loss of their residence rights are clearly set out in the EU Withdrawal and EEA EFTA Separation Agreements. These specific instances do not include a failure to apply for settled status under the EUSS. The IMA therefore succeeded in their claim, as the court found the current state of the scheme "unlawful."The Chief Executive of the IMA, Dr. Kathryn Chamberlain, commented on the wide impact of the ruling:When we brought this judicial review, our intention was to provide clarity for citizens with pre-settled status, of which there were approximately 2.2 million when we filed this case in December 2021. This judgment that the current system is unlawful provides that clarity. We will now liaise with the Home Office on the next steps.The court invited the parties to "seek to agree an order which gives effect to [the] judgement." Despite the ruling, changes to the EUSS are yet to be made, as the Home Office plans to appeal the decision.
Taliban decision to ban women from universities draws global criticism - JURIST


The PICO-APL4, a compact and cost-effective SBC. The PICO-APL4 features onboard memory and storage along with dual Gigabit Ethernet support, and it's ideally suited for factory automation and IoT gateway systems.
AAEON's latest PICO form factor board is powered by an Intel® Atom™, Pentium® N4200, or Celeron® N3350 processor. By fitting the controller with up to 4GB of onboard DDR3L memory and up to 64GB of onboard eMMC storage, AAEON has not only made the board more resistant to the shocks and vibrations regularly experienced in industrial settings, but it's also cut application development times as customers don't need to test the compatibility of external memory and storage.
The flexible PICO-APL4 houses USB ports and connectors, COM ports, a HDMI port and optional eDP. There's also a 4-bit DIO to manage peripherals and an optional four-lane MIPI-CSI. Expansion is easily achieved with M.2 B and E keys enabling the connection of additional storage and WiFi/Bluetooth modules. Through an optional board-to-board interface, customers can also extend the IO interface and add a larger DIO.
The PICO-APL4 is designed to give users everything they need for effective factory automation and IoT Gateway applications. Its combination of dual Gigabit Ethernet support with onboard memory and storage put it ahead of almost every competing board, and its flexibility and expansion options ensure that the PICO-APL4 can't be matched.
*FAN Solution will be via one of internal USB port without FAN speed control.
*Please refer to PICO-APL4-SEMI for further option.


For a stay in Australia more than three months you need an Australian Long Stay Tourist Visa (Subclass 676 visa).
What does the Subclass 600 visa let me do?
Visa Fee. Australian High Commission processing fee of AUD$140 per person (£66 based on exchange rates 01/07/2015). This fee must be paid with a credit or debit card and will be shown on your bank statement as DIMIA Visit Visas Short 140AUD.
Visas4oz.co.uk Service Charge £40 per visa. We do not charge extra if you need extra documentation for medicals etc.
What does Visas4oz do for you?
We complete an 18 page application on your behalf, collect any additional information as required by the Australian Government, and help with organising medicals if you are over 75 years old. We also help with under 18 year olds travelling alone.
We help you for the period of time that you are in Australia with contact via email.
Our online form is easy to complete and submits your application instantly!
Are you looking for a 12 month tourist visa instead?
This is not a working visa. Click here for more information on our Working Holiday Visa.
If you are over 75 years old please contact us for extra forms.
If you are under 18 and traveling to Australia on your own, please contact us for extra forms.


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The Dress.
Broadhead, Caroline (2004) The Dress. In: The space between. Douropoulos, M., Farren, Anne and Worden, Suzette, eds. Curtin University, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia.. ISBN 0-9752106-2-9. [Book Section]
Official URL: http://www.thespacebetween.org.au/2index_old.html
The Space Between was an international conference on the location of textile practice between art, fashion, craft, design and science. The themes included the impact of new technologies, globalisation and the breakdown of boundaries of traditional practice. Three international subject experts refereed each paper. Academics, practitioners and researchers from Canada, Brazil, Turkey, Great Britain and Australia contributed to the three-day conference, where 68 presentations were given. The event was supported by Australian Council for the Arts; Government of Western Australia; Arts WA and Curtin University of Technology Humanities Cultural Projects Committee. The proceedings were published on a web site http://www.thespacebetween.org.au and also on CD.
Broadhead's paper, The Dress, identified and analysed why the dress has become widely adopted as a means of expression and site for exploration in contemporary practice, and how it has been used by artists and designers as symbol, presence and performance element since the 1960s. The paper drew on knowledge gained through Broadhead's practice and accumulated over the previous 10 years.
Broadhead's work using the dress has been recognised as a consistent and significant contributor to this subject area by: the Jerwood Prize for Applied Arts: Textiles (1997) http://www.craftscouncil.org.uk/Exhib/jerwood/index.htm; Narrative Threads: A Series of Interviews with Major Textile Artists, NEVAC/Goldsmiths College, Constance Howard Resource Centre, London, 2002 http://www.media.uwe.ac.uk/nevac/video.htm; Artfund purchase Ulster Museum Double Dresses (2006) http://www.artfund.org/search/artist/9227/caroline-broadhead; and her work being exemplified for coursework for GCSE http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/art/gallery2/caroline_broadheadrev2.shtml
Broadhead was also invited to participate in the exhibition of international textile artists in the Curtin Art Gallery as one of the major supporting events, CD catalogue. She was one of three exhibitors who gave a public talk in the gallery.
She was also invited as Artist in Residence for 5 weeks.
http://info.art.curtin.edu.au/previous_artists.cfm
A. > School of Art and Design
Repository team
https://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/id/eprint/493
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Lt. Governor Seeks Lead Role For North Carolina in Air Taxi Industry
Interview: Erv Gangl
By Charlotte Adams | September 1, 2002
Mil-Std-1553, the 30-year-old bus standard that gave rise to "plug and play" digital avionics, is taken for granted today. But its advent was a major milestone. Before the standard, avionics was largely analog, and signals were transmitted over dedicated wires. Aircraft harnesses featured thousands of point-to-point connections. It's hard to imagine how complex and tricky avionics data communication was at that time.
Erwin (Erv) Gangl appreciated the complexity and made a major contribution to remedy it. In an interview with Avionics Magazine, Gangl, whom many consider to be the father of Mil-Std-1553, explains how revolutionary the idea seemed at the time and how hard it was to convince early customers of its benefits. It took enormous persistence to achieve acceptance by the three services, leading to the first tri-service version of the standard, Mil-Std-1553A.
Erv worked for the U.S. Air Force from 1964 to 1988, retiring as chief avionics engineer, strategic systems, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. He now serves as the director and manager of the Dayton, Ohio, office of CACI Technologies Inc., a unit of the information technology and network solutions firm, CACI International.
Avionics Magazine: How did you come up with the concept that eventually led to Mil-Std-1553?
Gangl: I was working on an F-111 avionics upgrade in the late '60s. The F-111 had digital computers, but the avionics subsystems were analog. There was a huge A/D [analog-to-digital converter] box that brought in analog signals from the sensors all over the aircraft, sampled them, converted them to digital and passed them on to the computers. The upgrade modifications added hardware, which required a significant A/D converter redesign to handle the extra analog signals. I felt there had to be a better way of integrating avionics and making the design more modular for ease of updating.
I recalled programming IBM mainframes in college. Peripheral devices were linked to the mainframe computer on a digital bus, and devices were selected by using addressing techniques. I asked myself, why wasn't this possible in an avionics system? It would require putting the A/D converters at the signal source, in the radar and navigation black boxes, and interconnecting them via a digital parallel data bus, using addressing to discriminate between them. At that time my ideas were still too immature to be credible and therefore were not taken seriously.
Avionics Magazine: How did the idea finally catch on?
Gangl: After leaving the F-111 office in the late 1960s, I was assigned to the F-15 program office. I was the engineer responsible for the central computer and the A/D converters. As a young engineer, I approached the lead avionic engineer and told him I would like to try using a digital data bus for integrating the avionics. But he brushed me off because the concept was viewed as high-risk and unproven. They wanted to stay with tried-and-true analog integration, what contractors had always bid before.
When the initial F-15 design was found to exceed the required gross takeoff weight, hardware and functionality were trimmed as much as possible. But there was still a need to reduce the weight a couple hundred pounds more. So the lead engineer grabbed me and asked whether my idea of time-sharing wires would reduce the weight in cabling. I said, "definitely!" There would be weight savings due to fewer wires, fewer connectors, etc.
So the government gave the three program bidders the opportunity to come up with proposals and demonstrations based on the concept of a 1 MHz, multiplexed bus that I described to them. All three companies built some proof-of-concept demo hardware. One couldn't get it to work, one got it to work but it was cumbersome, and one [the former McDonnell Douglas] took a simple approach and made it work. Luckily for me, they won the F-15 contract and we were on our way. The designation of McDonnell Douglas' multiplex data bus spec was H-009. The F-15 design thereafter became known as the "HOO-9" bus. The F-15 was the first application of my digital bus idea and the forerunner of 1553. [It was also the first implementation of a multiplexed digital avionics data bus.]
So the F-15 SPO [system program office] accepted the bus concept because it saved weight, which was like taking a pill for its side effects [laughing]. It actually added architectural flexibility, ease of reconfiguration and future updates, provided digital built-in test capability and increased reliability. At the time, one of the biggest reliability problems was the avionic connectors. With analog avionics, these could be huge, sometimes with hundreds of pins. Every analog signal had to be connected to the central computer through the A/D converter with a separate wire, which then naturally required a separate connector pin.
Avionics Magazine: So the F-15 bus transitioned into Mil-Std-1553?
Gangl: The F-15 implementation was the first trial of the concept. I wasn't happy with the initial hardware implementation, which used two twisted pairs [clock and data], where the signals on the data line were summed with the clock line to recover the digital signal. Problems occurred, for example, if one twisted pair was shorter than the other; the transmitted signals wouldn't arrive at the same time at the receiver, causing waveform skewing and difficulty in recovering the signal. So you got a lot of discrepancies, which in turn required really tight control and heavy shielding in harnesses. All this went away when we went to the Manchester waveform because of the single transmission line and the embedded clock.
Avionics Magazine: How did you decide to use a serial time-division Manchester encoded data bus?
Gangl: My first inclination was a parallel bus. But that would not have been an optimal solution. The question was, if you go to a serial bus, how to do that? I was stuck.
One day, as I was driving to work, the newscaster reported on the Apollo space program, describing how [NASA personnel] were monitoring the astronauts' vital signs while they orbited in space. The data was being beamed down to the control center on a time-shared single frequency. The telemetry system was using Manchester bi-phased encoding, as described in Mil-Std-442. So instead of inventing something new, I thought, why not adopt that for serial transmission within a twisted pair wire bus?
Avionics Magazine: The technology was ahead of its time?
Gangl: At the time we came up with the concept, we had trouble getting manufacturers to build the chip sets that could encode and decode the algorithms fast enough. When I said I wanted to transmit at 1 MHz, they said they didn't know if they could build the encoder/decoder logic chips that would run that fast. The state of the art at that time was around 500 KHz. And the editors of technical journals rejected my early papers because the concept was so new and not widely understood. Later on, we had to have government-sponsored Multiplex Conferences to spread the word.
Avionics Magazine: Was it easy from that point on?
Gangl: Not really. We went and sold the B-1 program in the early 1970s. I had convinced the program office to let me provide a digital bus specification to be included with the aircraft requirements while the competition was still running. I knew more by then because of my experience with the F-15, so I could tell them more about what we wanted. With the F-15, I had only talked about the bus architecture and protocol; I hadn't spec'd anything out in detail.
With the B-1, I wanted to have them use Mil-Std-442, which defines and standardizes the Manchester encoding technique. [Manchester encoding permits the use of a single transmission line because it has the clock embedded in the data. In H-OO9 there were two twisted pairs, one for clock and one for data, using sine/cosine waves.]
It all ended up with Rockwell International [the B-1 prime contractor] putting together a bus transmission spec using Manchester encoding. But the protocol was not that well defined. There were three buses on the aircraft; the Rockwell-defined electrical bus [EMUX], the Boeing avionics bus [AMUX], and the IBM centralized built-in-test bus [CMUX]. The meanings of the bit assignments being used, however, were slightly different between each of these electronic contractors, leading to some incompatibility in communications.
The B-1 program resolved these problems through a workaround. This, however, pointed to the need for additional refinements in the bus spec. I started to work on standardizing the bus specification. I approached the Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], whose subcommittee, SAE/A2K, was working on a coax multiplex communications bus for Navy submarines. This group eventually became a partner in the development of the standard and also was our Mil-Std-1553 users group.
Avionics Magazine: How did these strands combine into a standard?
Gangl: I went to the Avionics Laboratory at Wright-Patterson and asked for help with studies and analyses to prove out architectural issues and put together a prototype system design. The lab then introduced the Digital Avionics Information System [DAIS] program to evaluate and refine the concept. A co-worker, Chuck Gifford, joined me in defining the waveforms, impedances, response times, etc., while I focused on defining the multiplex data bus concept, protocol, message formats, etc. We used all we had learned to define a digital, time-division, shielded, twisted pair multiplexed data bus.
This eventually became the Air Force version of the standard, published as Mil-Std-1553 (USAF). All this happened before we got to the point of interacting with the other services.
Avionics Magazine: And 1553 (USAF) became the tri-service Mil-Std-1553A?
Gangl: With 1553 (USAF) published, I marched into the F-16 program office to have them implement it on their system. But the Navy, not to be outdone, was developing its own concept for a bus. So a guy [Mike Keller] from the DDR&E [the Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering] called in the Navy guy [Dick DeSipio] and myself and told us to combine our resources into one spec. We were forced to negotiate, and the Army joined in as well.
The Navy, for example, wanted to have broadcast capability, whereas we had wanted the bus controller to tightly control all messages. So we have a broadcast option today. As a result of tri-service and industry negotiation, we developed Mil-Std-1553A, the first tri-service version of the standard.
The USAF version was only implemented on the F-16. It took about 10 years to get from the initial spark to the F-16. And, by the way, when the F/A-18 was competed, the Navy was still pushing for a bus of its own design. But their bidders all came back and said they would rather use Mil-Std-1553A.
We had three Multiplex Conferences, which were internationally supported by both industry and government. This gave us high visibility and, I believe, contributed to the success of 1553. Ultimately, with help from all participants, we came to an agreement on Mil-Std-1553B, which I froze after publication in 1978. A standard is not a standard if it is constantly changing! Future bus standards were to be a new standard, not a modification to Mil-Std-1553B.
Avionics Magazine: How many countries use Mil-Std-1553 today?
Gangl: I ended up becoming the U.S. representative to the NATO Military Agency for Standardization's [MAS] Digital Avionics Systems Committee. I introduced 1553 as a potential NATO STANAG and it ended up being signed off by numerous countries, the key ones being the five countries that heavily participated on the committee. I believe the U.S., UK, Germany, France and Canada were the primary drivers for STANAG 3838.
I also was made U.S. representative to the Air Standardization Coordinating Committee [ASCC] Working Party 50, which included the U.S., Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand. They also approved 1553 to become an ASCC standard.
France adopted it and published it as an option under a larger data bus spec, along with their own Digibus. There was even an unauthorized Russian translation of the standard some 20 years ago. Most other countries just use Mil-Std-1553 as is.
Avionics Magazine: Mil-Std-1553 has lasted 30 years and there are efforts to extend it further.
Gangl: I'm extremely happy about it. I was told that the lifespan wouldn't be very long. But the standard was unique. It was the first to specify a standard interface, not a standard hardware design. It tells you what to implement but not how to implement it. The reason it has lasted is that the standard doesn't, for example, specify technology, like you have to use CMOS [a semiconductor process]. It didn't standardize on the hardware, circuitry, dimensions and connectors.
Now we have high-speed buses for computer-to-computer communications, but we still find [Mil-Std-1553] being used in aircraft systems. Mil-Std-1553 is like a side road, versus the freeway, for information such as control data and in other areas that don't require extremely high bandwidth.
At the last 1553 SAE meeting I attended, they said the technology is here to encode and decode the logic much faster. I said, if you want to crank 1553 up from 1 to 5 megabits/sec [Mbits/sec], have at it. There are always organizations like the Aging Aircraft program office [at Wright-Patterson] that would like to upgrade old airplanes, but not rewire them, and need greater throughput.
Avionics Magazine: Have there been any surprises to you in the progress of Mil-Std-1553?
Gangl: Looking back now, the biggest surprise is that we were able to obtain tri-service and NATO consensus on a digital data bus standard. It was a good solution for its time, but there were many other variants proposed–some not so good, some possibly better. The second surprise is that it is still in use today. I am proud to have been involved in a concept that worked so well.
The standard evolved due to dedicated teamwork between the military, government and the aerospace industry, including international support. That was the key to 1553's success. I may have lighted the match, but "the team" made the fire roar!
Mil-Std-1553 Chronology
Late 1967 to early 1968: 1 MHz, time-division, multiplexed avionics data bus concept;
Fall of 1968: Multiplexed data bus concept introduced to FX (F-15);
Fall of 1968: SAE/A2K subcommittee enlisted as 1553 users group;
March 12, 1969: H-009 bus spec (used on FX, renamed F-15);
1970: An internal ASD Multiplex Committee established;
1972: Digital Avionics Integrated System (DAIS) development started in the Air Force Avionics Laboratory;
Aug. 30, 1973: Mil-Std-1553 (USAF);
April 30, 1975: Mil-Std-1553A;
Nov. 1, 1976: Digibus Std (by Avions Marcel Dassault, Bruguet Aviation);
1977: Start of Large-Scale Integration (LSI) chip development;
Sept. 21, 1978: Mil-Std-1553B;
November 1978: Air Force Systems Command (AFSC) Multiplex Data Bus Conference;
May 1, 1980: Mil-Std-1553 Multiplex Applications Handbook published;
November 1980: AFSC Standardization Conference;
Fall of 1981: French translation of Mil-Std-1553B for NATO Military Agency for Standardization (MAS);
Dec. 3, 1981: NATO MAS STANAG-3838 promulgated;
November 1982: 2nd AFSC Standardization Conference.
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14 Questions You Were Too Embarrassed to Ask About Blocking Donald Trump at the GOP Convention
With wins in the Michigan and Mississippi primaries, Donald Trump has reaffirmed his position as a clear frontrunner for the 2016 nomination. But his rivals have not given up hope yet.
As 2012 nominee Mitt Romney has laid out, the most likely strategy for stopping Trump is not to beat him outright. Instead, his rivals hope to pick up enough delegates over the coming months to deny Trump a first ballot victory at the Republican convention in Cleveland. If that happens, the Republican nomination fight will effectively be reset, with new rules and new coalitions.
Here's TIME's guide to just how such a strategy would play out in practice.
So how does a candidate become the Republican nominee for President?
A total of 2,472 voting delegates will gather in Cleveland at the Republican National Convention, which starts on July 18. The nominee will be the first person to get the votes of at least 1,237 of those delegates, or a majority of those present.
If Trump enters the convention with more delegates than anyone else, can he be stopped at the convention?
Yes, as long as he does not get the support of a majority of the delegates on the first ballot. That's when things could get weird fast. The contested convention that follows could overturn the will of the majority or plurality of Republican voters who voted in primaries and caucuses. In theory, the delegates could even nominate Hillary Clinton as a Republican nominee. (That won't happen).
But what is the chance that there is a real effort to stop Trump at the convention?
Trump now leads the delegate quest, having won victories in 14 states. But after last week's voting across the south and the midwest, the odds of a contested convention are growing. Here's why: Trump has secured about 450* of the delegates, (*results from Tuesday's races are still coming in) 44 percent of those awarded thus far, but still just shy of 800 delegates away from 1,237. And his rivals, Texas Sen. Ted Cruz, Florida Sen. Marco Rubio, and Ohio Gov. John Kasich have just 345*, 152*, and 54* delegates respectively. Already more than 40% of the delegates to the convention have been awarded and for Trump to hit the magic number by the time the convention starts he'd have to win more than 50 percent of the remaining vote—an unlikely target with a divided field. Not to mention the fact that Trump is only now just facing eight figures of negative television spending and a coordinated establishment effort to provoke just this scenario. Also complicating matters for Trump: only nine states and territories are winner-take-all—and he may not win them.
Can a delegate vote however they want?
It depends. There are two types of delegates, bound and unbound. For the 2016 cycle, the RNC instituted a new rule requiring states that have 'presidential preference votes' like primaries and caucuses to bind their delegates in accordance with the outcome of the voting. This ensures that the will of the voters is heard through at least the first ballot. A bound delegate is a person whose vote will be counted for the candidate they are pledged to regardless of what they actually do at the convention. Unbound delegates may be pledged by personal statements or even state law, but according to RNC rules, may cast their vote for anyone at the convention. Additionally, a minority of the 168 members of the RNC is unbound by their state rules.
Does Trump at least get to pick his own delegates?
This is an important question. Under the rules, even delegates who are selected to support Trump on the first ballot can have allegiances to other candidates. And by-and-large Trump does not get to directly pick his own delegates. In caucus states, delegates are selected through multiple rounds of voting through precinct, county, congressional district, and statewide conventions. Many primary states utilize conventions to select delegates as well. State party committees have significant influence in that process, and in many cases give delegate slots to prominent Republicans and elected officials from their state. In a handful of states, including Illinois, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, some or all delegates who self-report their preference are elected directly on primary ballots.
So does that mean a bound Trump delegate might turn out to be loyal to Cruz, Kasich or Rubio on the second ballot?
That is entirely possible. And this is where things get interesting.
That's so weird. Would the person with the most delegates going into the convention at least have control over how the convention is run?
Not necessarily. Technically, the delegates decide how the voting will be done, and who will be eligible to be a nominee. But Trump delegates who are bound to vote for Trump on the first ballot will not be bound to support Trump in setting the rules. Once they are selected, delegates will gather to select a delegation chairman for each state and territory, as well as the District of Columbia. They will also appoint one man and one woman to serve on each of the four convention committees: Platform, Credentials, Rules and Order of Business, and Permanent Organization. These committees meet the week before the convention to ease the burden on the full body, and make recommendations to the convention that are taken up on the first day of the gathering.
Why does the Rules Committee matter?
It has the power to review and amend all of the rules of the Republican Party, pending ratification by the full convention. If it wanted to, it could insert a rule that says only candidates with blue hair could be the party's nominee. It's that powerful. In a contested scenario, the Rules Committee would be ground zero for fights over who and how candidates are nominated on the floor, as well as how the convention itself is conducted.
What kind of rules could the Rules Committee make to shape the outcome?
In 2012, the Rules Committee passed a Rule 40(b), which was explicitly designed to prevent Texas Rep. Ron Paul from having a shot at becoming the nominee on the floor of the convention. It required candidates for the nomination on the floor to have won a majority of eight delegations to be entered into nomination and have their delegates counted. The rule is still on the books, and could prove to be an obstacle for candidates like Kasich and Rubio. But the Rules Committee could also choose to throw out Rule 40(b) before the convention starts, or come up with new rules to shape the outcome.
If Trump fails on the first ballot, who else is eligible to be the nominee?
That partially depends on what the Rules Committee and the convention do. Any credible "white knight" candidate would have to meet whatever threshold is set.
So how does the voting work?
The first ballot is largely pro-forma. All 2,350+ pledged delegates will see their votes counted automatically on the first ballot. Unbound delegates will be able to choose whomever they want. As a practical matter, delegates are counted by state, with the delegation chairman reporting his or her state's total for each nominated candidate to the full convention when the roll is called.
So how does the voting work after the first ballot?
Some states continue to bind delegates after the first ballot. Florida, for instance, binds its 99 delegates for 3 ballots. Others states release their delegate bindings only when a candidate releases his or her delegates publicly, or only if the candidate the delegates are pledged for performs below a certain threshold on the prior ballot. Once delegates are released, they can vote however they want for an eligible candidate for the nomination.
How will they vote on the second ballot?
That's the million-dollar question that would determine the nominee. State party officials could select delegates with an eye toward a preferred candidate on the second ballot. Candidates and campaigns will also feverishly work the floor, having identified persuadable delegates in the weeks ahead of the convention. Campaigns are allocated a specific number of floor passes to the convention. which they will use to have aides and surrogates whip delegates in real time.
How many ballots could it take to pick a nominee?
As many as it takes. The only thing that will end the process is when 1,237 delegates unite behind one candidate.


rowens rampage through ty: So i got followed by a robot?!
Another trip took us to Punchestown fr a road safety show. It was packed with other schools and cars,guards,firemen,ambulances and many more! Of course we had t get loads of free stuff to begin with! :3 Also getting pictures with everyone and everything! We went around looking at all the stuff on show getting interested!
The NYPD were there with a Tango-bot. Which was a 'robot' built bu NASA! Knowing my luck it start following me! Pfffftt i was not scared!
The last part of the day was a talk and videos warning us to be careful on the roads, what and what not do and just over all be safe!


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A New Record for Magritte in an Auction that Celebrated Artists from the World War I Era
By Sotheby's
I t was a momentous evening at Sotheby's New York with new artist records established for René Magritte, Oskar Kokoschka and Ludwig Meidner in a remarkable Impressionist & Modern Art Evening Sale that totaled $315.5 million.
René Magritte's Le Principe du plaisir was the star lot of the evening, inspiring active bidding that set a new record for the Belgian Surrealist at $26.8 million. Magritte based this captivating 1937 portrait of Edward James on photographs by fellow surrealist Man Ray, but departed from the photographic source image by replacing James's visage with a radiating sphere of light, an uncanny alteration that showcases the artist's lifelong fascination with perceptions of visual reality by subverting the familiar to accentuate tensions between the visible and the hidden.
Watch below to see the bidding battle for Magritte's Le Principe du plaisir.
Impressionist & Modern Art Evening Sale, Lot 35
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Anchoring the evening were works from The Beautiful and Damned: Radical Art of the Great War, which underscored the tremendous and varied impact that the First World War had on artistic production. Among these was German Expressionist Ludwig Meidner's provocative double-sided painting from 1912, Apokalyptische Landschaft (Apocalyptic Landscape), which soared past the artist's previous record of $3.1 million to reach $14.1 million.
LUDWIG MEIDNER'S APOKALYPTISCHE LANDSCHAFT (APOCALYPTIC LANDSCAPE) (RECTO) FROM 1912 SOLD AT SOTHEBY'S NEW YORK FOR $14.1 MILLION, A NEW RECORD FOR THE ARTIST, IN THE Impressionist & Modern Evening Sale.
Two remarkable restitution stories brought masterworks by artists Egon Schiele, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner and Oskar Kokoschka to the auction block. Egon Schiele's Dämmernde Stadt (Die Kleine Stadt II), a dreamlike view above the city of Krumau, birthplace of the artist's mother, went well above its high estimate to $24.6 million. With research led by Sotheby's Lucian Simmons, Worldwide Head of Restitution, the painting had recently been restituted to the heirs of Elsa Koditschek, a young Jewish widow living in Vienna, who purchased the work in 1928, and which was subsequently forcibly sold in payment of alleged debts during Nazi occupation of Austria.
Watch below to see the bidding battle for Schiele's Dämmernde Stadt (Die Kleine Stadt II).
The heirs of collector, dealer and bon vivant Alfred Flechtheim had also recently been returned both Ernst Ludwig Kirchner's harrowing Das Soldatenbad (Artillerymen), 1915, which sold for $22 million and Oskar Kokoschka's portrait Joseph de Montesquiou-Fezensac from 1910, which reached $20.4, a new record for the artist. The German-Jewish Flechtheim had been foremost among the influential dealers in Weimar Germany, advocating for artists such as Picasso, Van Gogh, Kokoschka, Matisse, and Schiele. Having become the target of the Nazi's anti-Semitic and anti-intellectual agenda, he was ultimately forced to flee to London, and much of his collection fell into Nazi possession. As part of ongoing museum restitution efforts, Das Soldatenbad (Artillerymen) had been returned to heirs by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York and Kokoschka's portrait Joseph de Montesquiou-Fezensac by the Moderna Museet in Stockholm.
During the night, vividly hued works by Wassily Kandinsky, Alexej von Jawlensky and Heinrich Campendonk saw strong demand. As part of The Triumph Of Color: Important Works from a Private European Collection, three Kandinsky masterworks that charted the artist's development over four decades together totaled $67.7 million. Among these was one of the last 1913 oil paintings left in private hands, Zum Thema Jüngstes Gericht, which achieved $22.9 million. Bidders vied for Kandinsky's early abstract masterpiece, Improvisation auf Mahagoni, painted at the end of the artist's Murnau period, driving the painting above its high estimate to $24.2 million, while Kandinsky's exceptional 1929 Le rond rouge, a stunning composition from the artist's Paris period, sold for $20.6 million.
Watch below to see the bidding battle for Kandinsky's Improvisation auf Mahagoni.
Impressionist & Modern Art Evening Sale, Lot 6
12 November 2018 | 7:00 PM EST | New York
Sales continue tomorrow with the Impressionist & Modern Art Day and A Modernist Vision: Property from the Collection of Nelson & Happy Rockefeller in New York beginning at 9am.
Top 10 Impressionist & Modern Highlights
Type: lot
Category: Lot
Le Principe du plaisir
Estimate: 15,000,000 – 20,000,000 USD
Dämmernde Stadt (Die Kleine Stadt II) (City in Twilight (The Small City II))
Improvisation auf Mahagoni (Improvisation on Mahogany)
Zum Thema Jüngstes Gericht (On the Theme of the Last Judgement)
Das Soldatenbad (Artillerymen)
Le Rond rouge
Oskar Kokoschka
Joseph de Montesquiou-Fezensac
Maurice de Vlaminck
Paysage au bois mort (Ramasseur de bois mort)
Ludwig Meidner
Apokalyptische Landschaft (Apocalyptic Landscape)Junger Mann mit Strohhut (Young Man with Straw Hat) - reverse
Arbres et maisons au bord de l'eau
Estimate: 5,000,000 – 7,000,000 USD
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Q: Calculating sample variance. This question is part of another question and the solution skips over how the value of the variance is found and I can't figure out how the variance was obtained for the rest of the question.
We are given a sample of 15 heights of people $X_1, X_2, ... , X_{15}$ in metres.
Also given $\sum \limits_{i=1}^{15}x_i = 26.7$, and $\sum \limits_{i=1}^{15}x_i^2 = 173.526$
The solution says that $\overline{x}=1.78$, and $S^2 = 9$.
I think that $S^2 = \dfrac{1}{14}\sum \limits_{i=1}^{15}(x_i-1.78)^2$ but I can't figure out what $x_i$ is supposed to be to get $9$.
Thanks.

A: The sample variance is
$$\hat\sigma^{2}=\frac1n\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}x_i^2-\left(\frac1n\sum \limits_{i=1}^{n}x_i\right)^2=\frac1{15}\cdot 173.526-\left(\frac1{15}\cdot26.7\right)^2$$
This formula is related to $$Var(X)=E(X^2)-[E(X)]^2$$
But the  $\texttt{unbiased}$ estimator for the variance of the population is
$$s^2=\frac{n}{n-1}\cdot \hat \sigma^2=\frac{15}{14}\cdot\hat \sigma^2$$

A: By definition $S^2=\dfrac{1}{n-1}\sum_{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-\bar{x})^2$. The expression $\sum_{i=1}^{n}(x_{i}-\bar{x})^2$ can be simplified to $\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^{2}-n\bar{x}^2$ or $\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^{2}-\dfrac{(\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i})^2}{n}$ .
So, the definition of $S^{2}$ simplifies to
\begin{equation*}
S^2 = \dfrac{1}{n-1}\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i}^{2}-\dfrac{(\sum_{i=1}^{n}x_{i})^2}{n(n-1)}
\end{equation*}
Substituting the given values, we get the required value.

A: Yes, you are right, but $n=15$. So it should be, $S^2 = \dfrac{1}{15}\sum \limits_{i=1}^{15}(x_i-1.78)^2$.
The formula for variance without frequency,
\begin{align*}
S^2&=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\left(x_i-\bar x\right)^2\\
&=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n\left(x_i^2-2\cdot x_i\cdot\bar x+{\bar x}^2\right)\\
&=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^2-2\bar x\cdot\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i+{\bar x}^2\cdot\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n1\hspace{20pt}\left[\text{ as, mean}=\bar x=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i\right]\\
&=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^2-2\bar x\cdot\bar x+{\bar x}^2\cdot\dfrac{1}{n}\cdot n\\
&=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^2-2{\bar x}^2+{\bar x}^2\\
\implies S^2&=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^2-{\bar x}^2
\end{align*}
or you can write, $$S^2=\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i^2-{\left(\dfrac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^nx_i\right)}^2\\
\implies S^2=\dfrac{1}{15}\times173.526-\left(\dfrac{1}{15}\times26.7\right)^2=8.4$$

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