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The Years Ahead
My Dreams for Mormon-Evangelical Dialogue
In 1992, Greg Johnson, then the president of the Denver Seminary student council, and an ex-Mormon, introduced me to the writings of Stephen Robinson, professor of New Testament at Brigham Young University, whom I met that fall at the meetings of the American Academy of Religion and the Society of Biblical Literature (AAR/SBL). We struck up a friendship, which led to the idea of a writing project that finally saw the light of day in 1997 as How Wide the Divide? A Mormon and an Evangelical in Conversation.1
About the same time, Johnson, now in ministry in Utah, was developing a friendship and having similar conversations with Robert Millet, also a prominent scholar on the BYU Religious Studies faculty. Independently of each other, we two pairs of friends were talking about how to extend such dialogues to involve a wider swath of scholars from both communities.
Those musings came to fruition when Richard Mouw, president of Fuller Seminary, met Millet, and they contacted various friends and colleagues with interest in such a venture. The first gathering of what we have come to refer to as the Evangelical-Mormon Dialogue involved about a dozen scholars meeting in Provo, Utah, in the spring of 2000. Skipping only one year, a similar group has met at least annually in May or June for an average of two full days of meetings ever since. Fuller and BYU have taken turns hosting the gatherings, except for the years that we have met on site at locations important for the histories of our respective movements, specifically, Nauvoo, Illinois; Palmyra, New York; and Wheaton, Illinois. Most years we have also had a block of two or three hours together during the AAR/SBL meetings in November. Various participants have come and gone; occasionally the numbers have swelled to more than twenty at a gathering, but usually the group has been somewhere in the 'teens. But there has been a solid core of seven or eight, including me, who have participated in almost all of the sessions and at least as large a number who have been involved in over half. Attendance has been at the invitation of the two facilitators, Mouw and Millet.
Many collateral events have been spawned, directly or indirectly related to our dialogue group. These include separate, public conferences at both Fuller and BYU and dozens of public presentations by Millet and Johnson around the country and occasionally overseas, modeling the "convicted civility"2 that characterizes our gatherings.3 Well-known Christian pastors and leaders, not in academic positions, have had a chance to meet with some of the Mormon participants in our conversations in various more informal gatherings, and several Church authorities among the LDS leadership have met with some of us academics and some of those same pastors and leaders. In a historic gathering in March of 2011, Elder Jeffrey Holland of the Quorum of the Twelve addressed the board of the National Association of Evangelicals (NAE) and fielded questions from them afterwards at a reception hosted by the governor of the State of Utah in his mansion in Salt Lake City.4
By next spring, it will be fair to say that the dialogue group will have discussed in detail every major theological issue of interest to our respective communities and probably the most important historical ones as well. We have come to far better mutual understanding, and we have grasped much more than before where we agree and where we disagree and where there is diversity in perspective among our communities. We have recognized where language usage appears to divide us but we are really saying much the same thing in different ways. We have also understood that sometimes we appear to be saying the same thing when we are not because of different definitions given to key terms.
We have never proposed to draft a document like "Evangelicals and Catholics Together,"5 only between "Evangelicals and Mormons." We have never sought any kind of joint ministry venture, for that matter, other than that some of us have published essays with each other in edited anthologies, coauthored books together in a "point- counterpoint" format, or participated in conferences together where a diversity of religious opinions are discussed.6 We have recognized that the most effective forum for mutual understanding comes when we agree that none of us in our joint gatherings will try to proselytize the other, though what two of us might decide to do in some entirely private conversation elsewhere is entirely up to us. At the same time, we have all expected that our communities would continue to proselytize each other actively, but understood that they need to do so with much greater awareness of each other's beliefs, misunderstandings, stereotypes, "red-flag" issues, and the like.
We have hoped (and indeed seen occur sporadically) that in local contexts Mormon bishops and Evangelical pastors might model similar dialogues, that select members of wards and parishes would gather for friendly interchange, and that other ecclesiastical and academic leaders could practice and teach about similar interfaith dialogue in college, university, and seminary settings. En route, even without explicit evangelism, we have left no topics off limits and have shared from our hearts our deepest personal convictions about our respective faiths.7 In this respect our dialogue is very unlike the vast majority of conversations at AAR/SBL where the unwritten rule is never to risk offending anyone by discussing personal theological convictions, except perhaps very much in passing.
As I write these words, barring something utterly unforeseen, we will have a Mormon candidate for the presidency of the United States for the first time in history for this fall's elections. It is probably fair to say that there is unprecedented public awareness and understanding of who Mormons are, in the same way that Evangelicals have had unprecedented notoriety in the public square since Time dubbed 1976 the "year of the Evangelical,"8 when Jimmy Carter was elected president.9 What then is left for us to accomplish? Have our dialogues served their purpose and run their course? Should they be disbanded or at least radically reconfigured, lest we run the risk of ossifying ourselves as so often has happened in the history of religion where an ad hoc gathering of people institutionalized itself into something that never needed to be perpetuated in the first place? What are my personal dreams for the future in this arena?
My biggest hope is that we can produce a publication of some sort reflecting the past twelve years of conversations and some of the most important lessons and concepts we have learned, both about each others' beliefs and about methods for healthy interreligious dialogue. Too much useful information has been shared and insights gleaned that have not appeared in print anywhere to let it all disappear now.10 An edited anthology of articles might make the most sense, with various individuals tackling different topics that we have discussed. We have broached this issue several times in the last few years, but to date no one has picked up on it and actually taken the lead to organize it and make it happen. As an alternative, we could commission one or two individuals to write a short book surveying the landscape we have covered over the last decade and a bit, and have it vetted for accuracy by several of the most active and long-time participants.
My second hope is that we can pass the torch to the next generation. It is one thing to produce publications, but friendships and trust develop best in the context of extended, live, face-to-face conversations and give-and-take. Several of our participants are retired or of retirement age; one has passed away. Most of the rest of us are less than a decade from retirement age. Our longest-time participants are incredibly busy and could easily delegate their leadership to others. Personally, I would like to see them hand the reins over to Cory Willson, editor of this journal, and Spencer Fluhman, professor of history at Brigham Young. Both have been involved for the last several years, and both are young, enthusiastic, outgoing, bright, and committed to the process. Willson and Fluhman could bring good leadership for years to come.
A third hope would be that many more people throughout Evangelicalism would hear about what we have done in a context that would spur them on to similar conversations. It is time, for example, for Evangelicals to learn why it would be best to lay the "cult" label for Mormonism to rest once and for all. Evangelicals seldom stop to think that we have an idiosyncratic use of the term that refers to new religious movements that are offshoots of larger parent religions but with heterodox beliefs at various points. To the rest of the world, however, "cult" conjures up the notion of a tiny cluster of individuals following a charismatic leader into bizarre behavior, including possibly violent or destructive actions. These are people who are virtually brainwashed and antisocial, such as Jim Jones and his poison-Kool-Aid-drinking followers in Guyana, David Koresh and the Branch Davidians in Waco, or Heaven's Gate in Southern California.11
It is also time for people to stop learning only secondhand about people whose religious views at times differ from theirs. In a global village, there is no reason not to engage members of other religions or denominations directly.12 So much Evangelical literature on these topics is overly simplified, historically dated, not representative of the entire movements depicted, and/or downright inaccurate. Short introductions to complex belief systems almost inevitably distort, especially when the author has a particular dislike for a given movement. The biases may be semi-conscious, but they affect the results nevertheless. I have been recently reading for the first time a collection of fifty of the most important or famous sermons of John Wesley and realize how skewed my own theological education was in mostly Lutheran and Calvinist contexts as to what I was taught about Wesley's theology!
Mormons likewise need to engage Evangelicals in far less confrontational settings than the classic door-to-door evangelism they are known for. They should invite Evangelical friends and leaders to fireside chats and similar forums, as I have occasionally experienced. They need to get to know the "silent majority" of us who are not nearly as "mean-spirited" (to use their preferred term for the most combative or polemical of us) as the anti-Mormons they are more used to encountering. They need to learn the breadth of Evangelicalism, so that we are not all tarnished with the same two brushes of "easy believism" and rigid Calvinism. Many LDS think they are rejecting Evangelical theology when in fact they are objecting only to the famous Calvinist "TULIP" of total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and the perseverance of the saints. They too need to read the works of Wesley. Or they find fault with the notion that one can accept Christ as Savior but not as Lord and therefore not begin living a transformed life.13 This latter view is common in certain dispensationalist circles but actually characterizes only a small percentage of Evangelicalism overall. And many of us would reject it as thoroughly unbiblical!
Finally, at some point we will need at least an unofficial "imprimatur" of some kind from the most influential and important leaders in our movements. Identifying those people is straightforward in Mormonism, because it is hierarchically structured. It is much more difficult in Evangelicalism, but it would not be hard to develop a list of names of people whose endorsements would give us great credibility in the eyes of a majority of people in our midst. To date, the responses of individuals among those two groups of leaders have been very much a mixed bag and have left some of us feeling very precarious about our involvement in the dialogue, at least over a certain stretch of time. So many people in our world imagine and even report on things happening in our midst that are simply untrue and impute motives to participants that they cannot possibly know.14 This needs to be labeled explicitly for what it is—sinful, to be repented of, and replaced with trust and good will.
If not a single one of my dreams comes true, the good that has been accomplished in our dialogue thus far will still have surpassed my wildest dreams and probably those of all of the initial participants. But because so much of what some of us dared to dream for has come true, often with an amazing working of God's Spirit after a period of time when it appeared that doors had been closed to us for good, perhaps it is not too audacious to keep dreaming for an even greater future for the dialogue for whatever period of time God is pleased to find it useful, constructive, and furthering his purposes for his world.
1Craig L. Blomberg and Stephen E. Robinson, How Wide the Divide? A Mormon and an Evangelical in Conversation (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 1997).
2The term is one championed and modeled by Richard J. Mouw, Uncommon Decency: Christian Civility in an Uncivil World, 2nd ed. (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2010), 11–20.
3The proceedings of one such conference are published as Salvation in Christ: Comparative Christian Views, ed. Roger R. Keller and Robert L. Millet (Provo: Religious Studies Center, BYU, 2005). A sample of the Millet-Johnson dialogue has been published as Robert L. Millet and Gregory C. V. Johnson, Bridging the Divide: The Continuing Conversation between a Mormon and an Evangelical (Rhinebeck, NY: Monkfish, 2007).
4The NAE was already meeting at an Evangelical Free Church in Park City, UT, for their regular board meetings. I was privileged to be invited to participate in this event as well. Elder Holland's address is now published as "Standing Together for the Cause of Christ," Religious Educator 13 (2012): 11–19.
5"Evangelicals and Catholics Together: The Christian Mission in the Third Millennium," First Things, May 1994, 15–22.
6In addition to the works cited in nn. 1–2, see Robert L. Millet and Gerald R. McDermott, Evangelicals and Mormons: Exploring the Boundaries (Vancouver: Regent College Press, 2010); and several of the additional articles in Religious Educator 13 (2012). Some of us have also written forewords or commendatory blurbs for each other's works.
7Very much in the spirit of Catherine Cornille, The (Im)-possibility of Interreligious Dialogue (New York: Crossroad, 2008), which we have read and discussed together.
8Quoting pollster George Gallup Jr., in the article "Religion: Counting Souls," October 4, 1976, at http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,918414,00.html.
9Media attention, of course, hardly equates with accurate understanding, especially in matters theological. The cynic among us might even muse that at times such attention guarantees theological misrepresentation!
10The closest approximation is the excellent little book by Richard J. Mouw, Talking with Mormons: An Invitation to Evangelicals (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2012). But there is still more to share.
11Far preferable, therefore, is the language of the title of and the approach adopted in Ronald Enroth, ed., A Guide to New Religious Movements (Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2005).
12Or at least read introductions to those movements written by their own adherents, and the more recent and up-to-date the sources, the better. In the case of the LDS, see esp. Robert L. Millet, The Vision of Mormonism: Pressing the Boundaries of Christianity (St. Paul: Paragon House, 2007).
13For both of these errors, see, e.g., Richard Hopkins, Biblical Mormonism: Responding to Evangelical Criticism of LDS Theology (Bountiful, UT: Horizon, 2005).
14For just one illustration, see the varied responses to Blomberg and Robinson, How Wide the Divide? discussed in "Sizing Up the Divide: Reviews and Replies," BYU Studies 38 (1999): 163–90.
Craig Blomberg
Craig Blomberg is Distinguished Professor of New Testament at Denver Seminary in Littleton, Colorado.
Blomberg is also the author of twelve books and has co-authored or co-edited eight more, along with dozens of journal articles and chapters in multi-author works.


The Pasadena Waldorf School Elves' Faire is a gift for children and their families hosted by the parents of PWS. It is a day filled with laughter, fun, and memory-making experiences. Attended by thousands of visitors from all over greater Los Angeles, new and returning friends enjoy the beauty of our campus and the rich activities created for this special day. Admission is free for all.
There are various places to shop and explore, activities and games for the kids (and young at heart) and over a dozen food vendors with options ranging from delicious baked goods to healthy and hearty lunch options.
Enter the Elves' Faire Prize Drawing!


Over the past eighteen months or so, some colleagues and I have been working on a very important project. To give you some background, mental health issues and even suicide are at high levels within the veterinary profession, a profession of which I am proud to be a part. Far too often it seems we lose a colleague to suicide. It may be someone I went to university with, someone whose name I've heard through other colleagues or maybe a vet who I've never known of but who has walked a similar professional path to me.
Is it that the profession naturally draws those who have an extremely sensitive aspect to their personality, which then predisposes them to depression and other mental health illnesses? Or is it that aspects of the profession, such as social isolation, poor financial return combined with a hefty university debt and the physical, emotional and intellectual drain of the job that drives the problem? In my opinion, it is likely a combination of all these factors. Whatever it is, it seems that those who look after our furry family members may need a little help looking after themselves.
With the lovely Anne from Small Animal Talk and a couple of our colleagues, and with the help of the Centre for Veterinary Education, we have put together the Vet Cookbook. It contains over 100 uncomplicated, tried and tested recipes from members and friends of the veterinary community in Australia and worldwide. But the Vet Cookbook is not just a Cookbook. It also contains personal stories from those who have been through hard times and kept going, to tell their tales. It contains essays on mental health, gentle snippets of advice on how not to sweat the small stuff and how to manage stress, and some downright funny ramblings. It is a symbol of collaboration, collegiality and a profession coming together. Apart from making a great Christmas present, any profits will be used to fund a resource to promote better mental health among the veterinary profession.
One more thing before we get to the recipe, one of mine from the Vet Cookbook and perfect for last minute Christmas gifting if you haven't managed to get it all together yet this yet (Note: If you haven't this is ok). People like to refer to depression as the Black Dog. In our line of work, black dogs are patients…..to be nurtured, cuddled and made comfortable. So let's call it what it is. It is depression, a mental illness, which can be as crippling as any physical illness.
These granola bars come with a mood-boosting guarantee. They won't solve all your problems, but in one study, 97.5% of subjects experienced increased serotonin levels and wider smiles after eating one of these*. They are packed with mood-boosting omega 3 fatty acids, zinc and magnesium in the form of flaxseeds, sunflower seeds and oats. Also, all the good fats in the pistachios, seeds and tahini will help sustain you and hopefully keep you away from sugar-laden treats.
Oh, and chocolate. There is no explanation needed for chocolate.
*This study never happened. But these bars are still pretty darn good.
The Vet Cookbook can be ordered within Australia through http://www.cve.edu.au/vet-cookbook while stocks last.
Preheat oven to 180 degrees Celsius. Spread oats, sunflower seeds, flaxseeds and chopped pistachios out on 2-3 oven trays and toast in the oven for 8-10min or until all the ingredients start to gain some colour. Remove from the oven and set aside to cool.
Once cooled, place all the dry ingredients in a large mixing bowl and toss well. Add the wet ingredients and stir to coat.
You now have a choice- granola or granola bars. To make granola, crumble the mixture in a single layer on a couple of oven trays and bake for around 10-12 minutes, until the ingredients have dried out and gained some colour.
To make granola bars, spread the mixture out in a shallow oven dish and pack down to a 2cm thick layer. Bake for about 20min, until the mixture has dried out a bit, is holding together and is gaining some colour. Remove from oven and leave to cool. Using a sharp knife, slice into small bars of whatever dimensions you would like.
Distribute liberally among friends and colleagues. Keep a couple in your locker as snacks on those days when you are too inundated with work to have lunch.
Deepa and team congratulations on bringing out this fantastic Vet Cook book and to raise awareness of mental health issues in Vets. Wish you all success.


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https://www.wsj.com/articles/drake-21-savage-vogue-sued-11667957755
Drake's Fans Love His Fake Promotional Tour. Vogue, Not So Much.
Vogue's publisher is suing Drake and collaborator 21 Savage for trademark infringement for making fake copies of the magazine to promote their new album, 'Her Loss'
Rappers 21 Savage (left) and Drake (right) are being sued by Vogue magazine's publisher Condé Nast. Photo: Getty Images
By Neil Shah
Nov. 8, 2022 8:39 pm ET
Rappers Drake and 21 Savage have released a series of fake media appearances—a fake NPR "Tiny Desk" concert; a fake interview with Howard Stern; a fake musical performance on "Saturday Night Live"; a fake Vogue cover—to promote their new album "Her Loss."
Fans have called it entertaining. Vogue magazine, however, has sued.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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On Monday, the Supreme Court in Arizona v. United States struck down three provisions of Arizona's S.B. 1070 racial profiling law, but reinstated, for now, the most controversial provision, which requires Arizona police officers to demand the immigration papers of anyone they stop, arrest, or detain. S.B. 1070 makes racial profiling Arizona state policy. When a police officer asks for papers, it's based on bias because there is no way to tell by looking at or listening to someone whether the person is lawfully in the United States.
In response, the federal Department of Homeland Security ("DHS") announced a partial termination of its 287(g) program—which deputizes state and local police to function as federal immigration enforcement agents—in Arizona. Monday's DHS announcement was widely misreported in the media as marking the end of 287(g) in Arizona.
This is far from true. DHS has terminated only one type of 287(g) agreement in Arizona, the "task force" model, while keeping all its "jail enforcement" agreements intact. "Task force" models involve roving police officers empowered to act as immigration agents, while "jail" models involve police officers screening people arrested and booked into jail. (Those jurisdictions are the Counties of Mesa, Phoenix, Florence, Pima, Pinal, and Yavapai, as well as the Arizona Department of Corrections and Arizona Department of Public Safety.
Even after Monday's Supreme Court decision, DHS's 287(g) jail enforcement agreements remain in full force in Arizona. What does this mean for Latinos and immigrants in Arizona? State and local officers granted 287(g) jail enforcement authority will continue to have extensive immigration enforcement power, including issuing immigration detainers, processing people for immigration violations, and preparing immigration charging documents. This is not an end to the 287(g) program in Arizona.
The 287(g) jail enforcement agreements incentivize state and local police to engage in racial profiling and discriminatory policing. A series of critical reports by the DHS Office of Inspector General in 2010 and 2011 demonstrated fundamental flaws with the 287(g) program as a whole, finding that more than one half of the immigrants identified through the 287(g) program were arrested for misdemeanors, primarily traffic offenses. The OIG expressed a complete lack of confidence that the program's "resources are being appropriately targeted toward aliens who pose the greatest risk to public safety and the community." One OIG report detailed the troubling delegation of immigration enforcement authority to jurisdictions under investigation for racial profiling (see page 23 of this report).
The same type of racial profiling at the heart of S.B. 1070 is promoted by 287(g)'s delegationof immigration enforcement power to Arizona. The two regimes are first cousins of discrimination: both encourage and condone racial profiling by state and law enforcement officials. Now DHS must follow up and revoke all 287(g) jail/detention authority in Arizona, to ensure that DHS is not complicit in the same civil rights violations that SB 1070 will cause.
Learn more about Anti-Immigrant Laws: Sign up for breaking news alerts, follow us on Twitter, and .
The ACLU should be interested in American's civil liberties; not illegal immigrant's. Does the ACLU care that American's rights are being infringed upon by illegal aliens? I have been unemployed for more than two years as a direct result of illegal aliens. My friend was involved in a traffic accident with an illegal alien. This illegal alien did not posess a drivers license or auto insurance. Others have been raped and murdered by these criminals.
And the state of Arizona attempts to combat the criminals because our government refuses to do so and the ACLU refers to their law as "racist"? However, the Obama administration selectively enforces law and the ACLU ignores that fact!
I was once a supporter of the ACLU; not any longer.


As a board member of Google and Cisco, you'd expect John Hennessy to know a thing or two about future digital trends.
The invention of the massive open online course (Mooc) is "not the kind of revolutionary thing I think people were hoping for. It's not a disrupter," Hennessy tells Times Higher Education, adding that the development of online education in general still has a long way to go before it is in a position to challenge traditional campuses.
"We're very good at concluding that we've found the silver bullet before we've done the test to determine whether it really is a silver bullet," he admits.
The term Mooc was coined in 2008, but it was 2012 that The New York Times dubbed "the year of the Mooc". That was the year that Mooc providers Coursera, Udacity, edX and FutureLearn were all launched – the former two by Stanford academics (see 'The future is…still downloading', below).
Class Central, a website that aggregates Mooc course listings, estimated earlier this year that there are now about 4,200 Moocs offered by more than 500 universities. Last year, 35 million students signed up for at least one of them: up from an estimated 16 to 18 million the previous year.
But despite their consistent growth, the quality of this type of course – in which students typically receive little, if any, personal interaction from academics, and class sizes are in the thousands – has long been questioned. A 2013 study found that the average completion rate for Moocs is less than 7 per cent, and Hennessy does not "have any interest in technology where the completion rates are as abysmal as they've been [with Moocs]".
Nor have the hopes that disadvantaged students from poor countries would swarm to Moocs like bees to honeypots been realised; studies suggest that the majority of current Mooc students are white males with a bachelor's degree and a full-time job.
So if Moocs aren't the future of higher education in the digital era, what is?
Hennessy – a computer scientist by training – sees most promise in the flipped classroom model, in which students watch video lectures at home and class time is devoted to discussions and interactive problem-solving – provided that class sizes are "small to moderate".
Another crucial advantage of this model, Hennessy says, is that it reduces the cost of running classes by about 15 per cent. "That's the first significant reduction we've had in the cost of higher education without an accompanying reduction in quality," he says.
In the absence of digital silver bullets, the key challenge for widening accessibility will remain making sure that lower-income students are able to pursue on-campus degrees. To that end, Hennessy sees increasing financial aid as one of the proudest achievements of his 16-year presidency, which comes to a close at the end of August. Stanford students with an annual family income of less than $125,000 (£94,900) no longer have to pay tuition, while those with family income below $65,000 do not pay for on-campus accommodation either.
"That's done a lot for affordability and accessibility for not only lower-income families but even middle-income families now," he says.
Described as the "godfather of Silicon Valley", Hennessy has worked at Stanford for nearly 40 years. That epithet, coined by entrepreneur Marc Andreessen, reflects Hennessy's personal connections to many important high-tech companies: in addition to his Google and Cisco links, he is also founder of MIPS Computer Systems and network communications company Atheros. But it also reflects his role in shaping the development of his students, who are drawn to Stanford as much by its Silicon Valley location as by its prestigious reputation. Many go on to launch businesses of their own; the founders of Google, Instagram, Snapchat and Yahoo are all Stanford faculty and alumni.
It's an impressive roll call, but does Hennessy worry about Stanford being known only for producing tech entrepreneurs, while competitors such as Harvard University are seen as all-round elite universities?
Meanwhile, Hennessy has invested a lot in Stanford's arts provision, as part of his commitment to produce well-rounded graduates.
Leadership has been another key area of focus for Hennessy's presidency. About 10 years ago, the university established a leadership academy for staff, involving one-on-one coaching and team problem-solving. More recently, in March this year, it launched a $750 million scholarship programme with the goal of turning graduate students into future world leaders. The Knight-Hennessy Scholars programme – which Hennessy will run when he steps down as president – was launched with a $400 million donation from Philip Knight, founder of Nike and a Stanford alumnus. This is a further example, Hennessy thinks, of the ways Stanford's pre-eminence in interdisciplinarity will come into its own.
"We like to think of this notion of 'T-shaped people' – people with depth in one area but an ability to collaborate and work with others," he notes.
Hennessy believes his leadership at Stanford has benefited from his own business experience. He cites Cisco as the company that helped him understand that "universities were doing a very poor job of training their own leaders for future education roles", while Google helped him master "inventing the future" and "thinking outside the box".
He also thinks that Stanford constitutes a "Silicon Valley model of a university", characterised by its relatively flat management structure. "We used to say there are no more than four levels between [senior managers] and anybody in the [university]. Now there are probably six. But anybody…can come and see the president if they really feel they have something important [to say]." A notable recent example was when a student asked him if he would make a video in support of his campaign for election as the university "tree" – the mascot for its athletics teams – on a public service platform.
Universities can also learn from industry when it comes to making "tough decisions", Hennessy believes. His experience of laying off staff at a start-up company was invaluable, he says, when it came to making cutbacks at Stanford in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, allowing him to achieve a 15 per cent reduction in the budget within 12 months.
Meanwhile, funding for public universities in California fell by 27 per cent between 2008 and 2012, and still hasn't recovered to pre-crisis levels. One of the institutions that has been hit hardest is the University of California, Berkeley, whose chancellor, Nicholas Dirks, said in a memo to staff earlier this year that the institution faces "a substantial and growing structural deficit", leading some to question whether it can remain a leading research institution.
Returning to the theme of technology, he remains convinced that, Moocs or no Moocs, it offers the best hope of keeping higher education sustainable.
"If you look at the threat to most universities, it's that their cost model currently grows faster than their revenue model. So now the question is, can you find a way to introduce technology and help reduce your cost growth?" he asks.
He is sure this will be accomplished eventually. "But we have to understand how to deploy technology well," he adds.
The hype around massive open online courses "didn't quite get it right", admits Rick Levin, chief executive of Coursera, the world's largest Mooc provider. The idea that internet-based learning would swiftly displace traditional universities, and that a selection of online certificates would replace an undergraduate degree, was "a mistaken idea from the beginning".
But the economist, who spent a record 20 years as president of Yale University before stepping down in 2013, still believes that Moocs can have a transformative impact on higher education: it's just that the revolutionary scenario predicted by so many might take a "couple of decades" to become a reality.
Coursera has accrued 18 million users worldwide since it was founded in 2012 by two Stanford University computer scientists, Andrew Ng and Daphne Koller. It currently has more than 1,000 courses open for enrolment, delivered by more than 140 educational institutions, including many prestigious institutions within the US and beyond.
Levin tells Times Higher Education that Moocs are already having a significant impact in the realm of professional development, with many of Coursera's existing courses focusing on areas such as business, computer science and data science. But the company has also been expanding into fields such as arts and humanities and language learning.
The natural next step, says Levin, is the development of online-only postgraduate degrees. Earlier this year, Coursera started offering an MBA and a master's of computer science in data science from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and it is likely that more professionally focused master's degrees will follow. Tuition fees on these courses stand at about $20,000 (£15,140), significantly cheaper than the on-campus equivalent. "I think more people will find it convenient to take these degrees online rather than in school," says Levin.
The inevitable next question is whether students will be able to study for undergraduate degrees via Coursera. Levin thinks this will happen. He acknowledges it could inflict damage on "middle- and lower-tier institutions", but adds, "I don't see that coming for quite a while yet".
Levin was a proponent of online education long before he took up his role at Coursera in 2014. He pioneered the development of online education at Yale, in partnership with Stanford and theUniversity of Oxford, and went on to set up Open Yale Courses, which offers free access to introductory courses taught by the institution's academics.
The development of paid-for online degrees represents an evolution of the original open model, says Levin, which offers significantly increased coaching and support for students. Coursera has also recently introduced charges of up to $99 for learners who want to submit assignments on a number of its Moocs. Students who do not pay still have access to the course materials, but do not receive a completion certificate.
These developments could be seen to be raising questions about whether Coursera is remaining true to its core mission, to provide "universal access to the world's best education". But Levin highlights that more than 100,000 students who could not afford to pay for certification had their fees waived last year.
As for Coursera's impact in the developing world, around 55 per cent of the students enrolled on its current Moocs are from developed countries – although that proportion is declining. AUniversity of Pennsylvania survey of students on the institution's first 32 Coursera Moocs, published in 2014, found that nearly 80 per cent of learners already had a bachelor's degree and 44 per cent had a higher degree, leading the authors to conclude that "the individuals the Mooc revolution is supposed to help most – those without access to higher education in developing countries – are conspicuously underrepresented among the early adopters".
Levin points to research by Coursera staff and US academics, published last year in the Harvard Business Review, which found that learners without degrees in developing countries reported greater benefit from their courses, in educational and career terms, than the more privileged students. "We're finding really very heartening results…It would be great if we could see more learners in developing countries without a college education, but we are certainly having a disproportionate impact on people of that type," he says.
If Moocs are to have the transformational impact that Levin desires, the key issue of retention will also have to be addressed. It has been observed that Mooc completion rates of, on average,6.8 per cent, are only slightly higher than the dropout rate for the UK higher education as a whole. Levin argues that this is an unfair comparison, because many people sign up to Moocs, typically free of charge, to explore the course materials with no intention of gaining certification at the end. A much fairer comparison, he says, would be to look at the completion rate for users who complete the first week of a programme and say that they intend to stay the course. On this measure, Coursera's completion rate is in the "mid-double digits" – but Levin accepts that it needs to improve further.
It is clear that continuing innovation will be needed if Coursera is indeed to live up to the initial hype surrounding Moocs. But, despite launching many initiatives at Yale, Levin admits that the trial-and-error process of evolving an internet start-up is a "new experience" for him.


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Title: Field of Passion and Dreams (Book One, The Field series)
Author: Jacqueline Anne
Genre: Sports, Contemporary, Erotic Romance
Sexual Orientation: MF
Type of book: Novel
What's Hot: Sexy ball player
Graham Grayson is a hard worker and all around gentlemen. His dream to play in the majors like his dad just came true. He was called up to be the catcher for the Pittsburgh Buccaneers. On the day of team photos, he meets photojournalist Jordan Michaela Roy.
Still grieving the loss of her dad, Jordan sets aside emotions and memories of her sports reporter father to find her passion again on the field as a sports photojournalist. While working spring training for Major League Baseball, she never anticipates passion igniting off the field, too.
Neither Graham nor Jordan can deny their explosive attraction or the happiness they feel being with each other. Their fathers' past friendship has them wondering about destiny.
While they worry about the demands of their careers, traveling, and being in the public eye, nothing can prepare Graham for the devastating news that makes him question life, his dream, and love.
Will Graham realize his mistakes before it is too late?
Buy Link: http://www.bookstrand.com/book/Field-of-Passion-and-Dreams
Title: Meredith's Mates: Angel in Hell book 2
Author: Clair de Lune
Genre: Erotic fantasy
Type of book: Novella
Sexual Orientation: M/F
What's hot?: Sex at sea
Trouble is brewing on Hades. Strome has a reputation for cruelty, and when he tries to force a pair of innocent young people into mating with him, winged Meredith goes to rescue them. Little does he expect his life to change forever. He meets and rescues the mates he's been searching for all his adult life.
Safely back on Prosper, he sets out to win their love and make them forget their ill treatment at the hands of Strome. However, a misunderstanding brings danger to his mates from an unexpected quarter.
Will Meredith succeed in thwarting the plans of a wicked woman determined to get her way? Will he rescue his mates from a future of slavery, and can he convince them of his true feelings toward them?
Buy link: http://www.bookstrand.com/book/merediths-mates
Title: Saved by a Soldier (in My Soldier Box Set)
Author: Alison Mello
Genre: Contemporary/Military
Type of book: Story in a box sex
Type of story: MF
Patricia Ann Fitzgerald is no man's arm candy…
Refusing to entertain her mother's ridiculous notion that she should become the perfect little housewife for her ex-boyfriend Ben, Patty escapes to her father's lake house to focus on what matters most to her. She has to break through her writer's block and start her next book.
Medically discharged from the service and suffering from PTSD, Carter Montgomery is still trying to get his life back in order…
When Carter's father Jackson suggests a week at the lake, it's not only so he can gain a little clarity about his future. Jackson has other plans for his recovering son, intending for him to watch over his best friend's daughter while she's on a solo writing retreat-an idea that doesn't please Carter at all.
Patty finds it hard to get any work done when her attention keeps diverting to the handsome stranger next door…
Patty is persuaded to attend a charity event, despite knowing her ex will be in attendance. When Ben rudely interrupts Patty's dance with her father and drags her off the floor, Carter is quick to intervene. He's tired of admiring Patty from afar, and refuses to see her treated that way. Ready to ditch the stuffy event, Patty escapes with her savior someplace where they can finally talk.
Ben always gets what he wants, and he isn't willing to let Patty slip away…
Patty fights to preserve her blooming relationship with Carter from the critical eyes of her mother and the scheming ways of her ex. Will Carter manage to get his life back in order in time to save Patty from the life she never wanted?
Buy links: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01M4OGH61
Posted by Jennifer Denys at 08:30
Labels: Alison Mello, Clair de Lune, Jacqueline Anne, Wicked Weekends
Portmeirion & Shrewsbury
Naughty Christmas Wishes
Love & Lust in Space anthology - themes
First Chapters - Naughty Christmas Wishes
The Sonic Dilda'tor - excerpt
Love & Lust in Space - sci-fi questions
Love & Lust in Space blog hop
The Sonic Dilda'tor - character profiles
Love & Lust in Space


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Q: Why RIP(Routing Information Protocol ) uses hopcount of 15 hops? I'm reading one of the Distance vector protocol RIP and come to know maximum hop count it uses is 15 hops but My doubt is why 15 is used as maximum Hop count why not some other number 10,12 or may be 8 ?

A: My guess is that 15 is 16 - 1, that is 2^4 - 1 or put it otherwise: the biggest unsigned value that holds in 4 bits of information.
However, the metric field is 4 bytes long. And the value 16 denotes infinity.
I can only guess, but I would say that it allows fast checks with a simple bit mask operation to determine whether the metric is infinity or not.
Now the real question might be: "Why is the metric field 4 bytes long when apparently, only five bits are used ?" and for that, I have no answer.

A: Protocols often make arbitrary decision. RIP is a very basic (and rather old protocol). You should keep that in mind when reading about it. As said above, the max hop count will be a 4 byte field, where 16  is equivalent to infinity. 10 is not a power of 2 number. 8 was probably deemed too small to reach all the routers.
The rationale behind keeping the maximum hop count low is the count to infinity problems. Higher max hop counts would lead to a higher convergence time. (I'll leave you to wikipedia count to infinity problem). Certain versions of RIP use split horizon, which addresses this issue).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home Publications Working Papers The Great Recession and the Developing World
The Great Recession and the Developing World
Working Paper #244
Stephany Griffith-Jones, Akbar Noman, José Antonio Ocampo, Ariane Ortiz, Judith Tyson, Juliana Vallejo
Paper 591kb pdf
This essay analyzes the effects of the crisis in the developing world, which in the definition that we used encompasses what in the literature are called "emerging economies" (a concept that lacks a clear definition) and encompasses the so called "transition economies" of Central and Eastern Europe (including those that are now members of the European Union) as well as Central Asia. It is divided in five parts. The first briefly looks at the nature and phases of the crisis as seen from a global perspective. The second analyzes all the channels of transmission to the developing world. The third considers the performance of developing countries. The fourth considers the policy responses by the international community. The last draws some policy conclusions.
Stephany Griffith-Jones
Financial Markets Program Director
Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD)
Stephany Griffith-Jones is an economist specialising in international finance and development, with emphasis on reform of the international and national financial system, especially in relation to financial regulation and global governance. She is Financial Markets Director at the Initiative for Policy Dialogue, Columbia University. Previously she was Professorial Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies at Sussex University. She was Director of International Finance at the Commonwealth Secretariat and worked at UN DESA and ECLAC. She was senior consultant to governments in Eastern Europe, Latin America and Africa and many international agencies, including the World Bank, the IADB, the European Commission, UNDP and UNCTAD. She was a member of the Warwick Commission on financial regulation. She currently is theme leader on finance in the ESRC /DFID growth programme for LICs, especially African ones. She has published over 20 books and many scholarly and journalistic articles. Her books include Time for the Visible Hand, Lessons from the 2008 crisis, edited jointly with José Antonio Ocampo and Joseph Stiglitz.
Akbar Noman
Senior Policy Fellow
Akbar Noman is Senior Fellow at the Initiative for Policy Dialogue and Adjunct Professor at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs. His other academic appointments include Oxford University, and the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex. Dr. Noman has spent over 25 years at the World Bank, where he held a variety of assignments. His regional foci included Africa, Asia and the transition economies in Europe and Central Asia. He has served as Economic Adviser to Pakistan's Ministry of Finance and on the Prime Minister's Committee on Economic Policy. He has also worked for the ILO's Asian Regional Team for Employment Promotion based in Bangkok and as a Visiting Fellow at Oxford University.
Jose Antonio Ocampo is Co-President of IPD, Professor of Professional Practice in the School of International and Public Affairs, and Fellow of the Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University. Prior to his appointment at Columbia, Professor Ocampo served as the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, and head of UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), as Executive Secretary of the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), and has held a number of high-level posts in the Government of Colombia, including Minister of Finance and Public Credit, Director of the National Planning Department, and Minister of Agriculture . Professor Ocampo is author or editor of over 30 books and has published over 200 scholarly articles on macroeconomic theory and policy, international financial issues, economic development, international trade, and Colombian and Latin American economic history.
Ariane Ortiz
Judith Tyson
Juliana Vallejo
Type Working Paper
Program Financial Markets Reform
Download 591kb pdf


Wonderful opportunity, price reduced from 370,000 Euro to 320,000 Euro. A wonderful villa with five bedrooms and three bathrooms, a living room with fireplace and kitchen. The house is only ten minutes walk from the center of Benissa, where you will find plenty of shops, bars and restaurants. It is situated on a large plot surrounded by beautiful mountains and valleys. Garage and private swimming pool. Fees IBI 200 € per year, śmieci150 Euro per year.


Johnny Tan explains how building lasting relationships can help you find wealth and success.
Every plan in life is different; each one leads to its own perfection. Every moment is a conscious choice. Every one of us holds a seed of greatness–the key to success in life.
Humility is the hidden confidence. The humble you views humility as strength, uses love to overcome fear and leads with a compassionate heart….Continue reading at InspireMeToday.com.
Johnny is the founder of From My Mama's Kitchen(R) and a consultant, keynote speaker, talk show host and author.
To your ownself be true, say what you mean and stand by it. At the end of the day you go home with yourself, can you stand it? Good, you don't have to flaunt it, example will show it for you.
Thank you for the article & comments.


Who says that you can never go back to the past? Evidently, someone forgot to remind the crew of Lillian Axe of this fact. I was provided a copy of their upcoming release of Sad Day on Planet Earth (June 30) to review for this station and my first thought after listening through it completely for the very first time is that this disc has a lot of the classic Lillian Axe sound to it. I mean classic Axe material, like Love & War and Poetic Justice type stuff here. In addition to the press release given with this CD that mentions how the recording of this album progressed, Steve Blaze himself told me that they 'busted their asses' on this release and that he thought it 'was their best'. He may very well be correct on that last assessment. Sad Day on Planet Earth may indeed be Lillian Axe's best work ever and Axe fans know that this would have to be quite a piece of work for me to even consider making this statement.
Right from the get-go the listener is lulled into a false sense of security with the opening instrumental 'Cocoon', then slammed into a dizzying frenzy with 'Megaslowfade'. The musical onslaught continues with the track 'Jesus Wept', an instant Lillian Axe classic, then 'Ignite' and 'The Grand Scale of Finality' before the purchaser has a chance to catch his or her breath. There are, of course, the gratuitous ballad or two, including the CD's namesake. Other tunes I found quite enjoyable were 'Nocturnal Symphony', 'Cold Day in Hell', 'Divine' and 'Kill Me Again'. Honestly, this is one of those releases that I love to get because it's great from start to finish, there's no need to hit the 'skip' button on the CD player.
Now, there are some who might say that Lillian Axe never deviated from their 'signature' sound, maybe even Mr. Blaze himself, but to me, the last release Waters Rising, while I found it every bit as much a Lillian Axe record as others, there just seemed to be something different about it, something that was seemingly difficult to put my finger on conclusively. Maybe it was because there really weren't any up-tempo tracks on the CD, or maybe the new vocalist, who knows? Everything was pretty well mid-range in nature. But Sad Day on Planet Earth oozes the classic sound, is instantly satisfying and contains plenty of the quick paced tracks I have come to expect from these guys. Vocalist Derrick LeFevre seems to have found his comfort zone within the band now that he has completed his 2nd release. His vocals are crisp and although he can't quite hit the notes of his predecessor, his vocal sound is a perfect fit for the band and this album. Most importantly, the shoes he has to fill now are his own and I'm sure that relieves some of the pressure of replacing a legend. And, obviously, it goes without saying that Steve Blaze continues to show fans and the world that he is the most under-appreciated artist in rock music in this reviewer's opinion. He incessantly cranks out great musical content and Sad Day is absolutely no exception! He strives for musical perfection and it trickles down to all the members around him.
Lillian Axe fans worldwide, you have been rewarded!
Purchase your copy of Sad Day On Planet Earth now in the KNAC.COM More Store. Click here.


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Cassandra Clare Biography
Biography by Clarence Published on 06 Jul, 2016 Updated on 06 Jul, 2016
Facts of Cassandra Clare
1973 , July-27
Birth Nation:
Judith Rumelt
Joshua Lewis
Goodreads Choice Awards Best Young Adult Fantasy & Science Fiction
View more / View Less Facts of Cassandra Clare
Cassandra Clare an author best known for her best-selling series "The Mortal Instruments", a book about young adult fiction. Her birth name is Judith Rumelt. Her mother Elizabeth is a business school professor and her father is Richard Rumelt, an author. Her parents are both American. She was born on July 27, 1973, in Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran.
In her childhood she traveled a lot along with her family, she has visited and lived in many places such as France, England, and Switzerland. She even went on a trek to the Himalayas mountain when she was a toddler,(child aged between 1 to 3) living in her father backpack. She is familiar with books as a result of her family moving to around. She always carries her book along with her wherever she went, keeping under her arm
She attended her high school in Los Angeles. During her high school, she developed an interest in writing,and she used to write amusing stories of her friends. She, then, was influenced by Jane Austen's short story titled "The Beautiful Cassandra." She even published a novel with the same title. Later, she used 'Cassandra' as her pen name.
After finishing her college and majoring in English, she works in many entertainment magazines as a writer and various tabloid such as The Hollywood Reporter. She has done a report on Brad Pitt and Angelina's world travels and Britney's wardrobe malfunction. She started writing fan fiction before she digs more into writing projects.
Inspired by the urban landscape of one of her favorite city, Manhattan, she started writing a novel, titled 'City of Bones' in the year 2004. The book was released by Simon & Schuster . Later, in 2006, she decided to create a career in writing fantasy fiction full time.
Her first professional work as a writer was a short story titled "The Guide to Defeating the Dark Lord". The story is about a humor fantasy.
Cassie likes to work outside the house like restaurant, and local coffee shops because she thinks that she is frequently distracted by her two cats and TV reality shows. Talking her personal interest, she also likes to work alongside her friends.
Her work of 'The Draco Trilogy' is inspired by Harry Potter and The Very Secret Diaries and The Lord of the Rings which became famous and sell numerous copies.
She also has a friendly relation with the author, Holy Black. She has been credited by her publisher with creating the "City of Fallen Angels treatment" where a tangible "letter" from one character to another is attached to the back of physical copies of a book.There is no source available about her past romantic affair or boyfriend. However, she is married to Joshua Lewis and currently lives in Amherst, Massachusetts.
Cassandra Clare was nominated for several awards and also won some of them. The awards and nominations were for her book 'City of Bones' . Some of the awards are 2010 Georgia Peach Book Awards for Teen Readers, Finalist for the Locus Award for Best First Novel of 2007, An American Library Association Teens Top Ten Award winner, 2008, 2010 Georgia Peach Book Awards for Teen Readers, Winner of The 2010 Abraham Lincoln Illinois High School Book Award, Winner of the 2010 Pacific Northwest Library Association Young Reader's Choice Award, A Texas TAYSHAS title 2010.
She was also shortlisted for various awards like the 2010 Evergreen Young Adult Book Award, Shortlisted for The 2010 Colorado Blue Spruce Young Adult Book Award, Shortlisted for The North Carolina School Library Media Association Young Adult Book Award, and more.
She also won the 2009 ALA Teens Top Ten Title for the "City of Ashes" from The Mortal Instruments. Her net worth is estimated to be $7 million and getting a lucrative salary. There has been a rumor that she is working on a new series but the rumor was never confirmed. Anyway, one can read her bio on wiki and other websites. You can also buy her book from several bookstores, online.


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Book Review: Spaces of Contention: Spatialities and Social Movements edits Walter Nicholls, Byron Miller, and Justin Beaumont
As social movements have become more complex, geographers are increasingly studying the spatial dynamics of collective resistance, and sociologists and political scientists are increasingly analysing the role of space, place and scale in contentious political activity. Occupying a position at the intersection of these disciplinary developments, this book aims to examine how social movements have employed spatial practices to respond to and shape changing social and political contexts. Reviewed by Jenny Walklate.
Spaces of Contention: Spatialities and Social Movements. Walter Nicholls, Byron Miller, and Justin Beaumont (eds.). Ashgate. July 2013.
Immanuel Kant once wrote that space was a 'form of sensibility', an abstract medium through which humans perceive the world and, as such, a form of understanding. Space has long been a powerful presence in philosophy and critical theory; Lefebvre and Bachelard just two twentieth century exemplars. It seems strange then, that the idea of space as a politically productive entity is now arising as a 'new' notion in certain areas of academic discourse.
Yet this idea forms the basis for Spaces of Contention. Over three sections, twelve articles aim to present a 'state of the art analysis of how space plays a constitutive role in social movement mobilization.' In this review, I will briefly analyse a couple of the papers to showcase both the positive and negative features of the book, before giving some more general comments.
Written by two political and social scientists and a PhD student, Chapter 1, 'Putting Protest in Place: Contested and Liberated Spaces in Three Campaigns' considers three Italian protest campaigns: No TAV, No Bridge, and No Dal Molin. The No TAV campaign, which began to emerge in the 1990s and continues to this day, protests against the construction of a 57 kilometre tunnel as part of a High Speed Rail Line (Treno Alta Velocita – TAV). No Bridge opposes the construction of a bridge across the Messina Straits proposed by the Berlusconi government, and has also been in operation since the late 1990s. No Dal Molin, a younger mobilization beginning officially in 2006 protests the expansion of US military bases near the city of Vicenza. No TAV in particular has been newsworthy, for in 2005 there was violence between protesters and police. This chapter provides a clear introduction to the idea of space as socially important and socially constructed, and conducts a good literature review regarding the spatial dimensions of social protests and movements. One particularly fascinating concept in this article is that protest itself doesn't just use space, but produces it too, both locally and globally.
However, the main body of the paper, detailing the three protests, is problematic. The case studies are crammed together, and there is a lack of structural clarity. The No Bridge campaign – a lengthy mobilization against a planned bridge over the Messina Straits – is particularly lost amidst the swell of the other two. No explicit methodology is described and the choice of case studies is never fully justified. This curtails the value of the paper, for anyone reading it cannot make a fully informed critical judgement about its reliability and worth.
John Agnew is continually cited in this book, and with Ulrich Oslender wrote Chapter 6, 'Overlapping Territorialities Sovereignty in Dispute: Empirical Lessons from Latin America'. This echoes the previous chapter, by beginning with a strong history of the Westphalian model of state sovereignty: the dominance of nation-states over their geographic territory. There is also a vital and hitherto absent discussion of the different kinds of territory, suggesting that this is not merely the spatial organization of a state, but broader and more abstract. This is particularly powerful in regards to the compelling central discussion of the conflict in Bolivia, a country politically fragmented and fraught with tensions between the elected government, the wealthy European elites, and their often exploited workers. Perhaps the most subtle piece of analysis in this paper – and in this book – appears in the conclusion. Movements may rebel against official state territories, the authors argue, but in the process they can strengthen and legitimate the power and sovereignty of these authorities. This is perhaps the star paper of the volume.
There are things to admire about this collection. Its editors seem politically astute, and they revivify the rather antiquated basic conceit by focussing on contemporary events and concerns. They make extensive reference to preceding scholars in geography, sociology and political science, and present many nuanced concepts regarding spatial politics – 'terrains of resistance', 'structural hole' and 'broker/tertius' included. Most of these are well defined, though there is an occasional lack of clarity and relevance, such as occurs with Moyersoen and Swyngedouw's use of the term 'glocal' (p.144). Often, this is a very structurally clever book, with chapters linked in a chain by a variety of shared conceits; the Westphalian model links the paper of Jones and Agnew, and Mayer's paper is connected to that of Moyersoen and Swyngedouw through its focus on social actors. But image quality is poor, the figures inside entirely black and white. Figure 7.1 is rendered almost entirely indistinct and in Figure 6.1, it is impossible to tell the difference between 'Indigenous Reserves' and 'Lands of Black Communities'.
The conclusion is lengthy and returns to the content of each of the papers. Yet it does little more than repeat what each article has said, providing limited critical reflection. Neither does it present a synthesising final statement exploring whether the volume achieves its stated aim. At best, it is a condensed and uncritical literature review, not an analytical conclusion. This lack of analysis is endemic: few authors state their ideological, disciplinary and methodological frameworks, let alone analytically evaluate them.
Without a clear synthesising final statement it is difficult to say whether Spaces of Contention achieves its stated aim. This is not as ground-breaking a volume as perhaps its editors hoped, and no single paper lifts it to something more than the sum of its parts. A pity, for this could have been a highly charged and highly contentious political book, with something to say about academic practice. Instead it is a list of case studies, varying in quality. One might find a use for individual papers for a topic in which they are particularly interested, but there is no sustained cohesion to the book as a whole. For more theoretical and differentiated work on contention and resistance, works that Spaces of Contention itself cites might be of more use: Pile and Keith's Geographies of Resistance, or any number of papers from Environment and Planning D: Society and Space. For those interested in space itself, there might be more to gain from the work of John Urry on complexity theory and mobility, the now classic works of de Certeau and Lefebvre, of course, or Soja's Postmodern Geographies and Thirdspace. Each of the monographs has more cohesion and ideological visibility than this very mixed collection. In every possible way, Spaces of Contention is just too safe.
Jenny Walklate recently completed a PhD in Museum Studies at the University of Leicester. Her research project used literary theory and strategies to investigate the production and experience of temporality in museum spaces. Read more reviews by Jenny.
August 25th, 2013|Politics book reviews, Sociology and Anthropology book reviews|0 Comments
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Send2Press › Wire › South Brooklyn Shakespeare News
South Brooklyn Shakespeare News
News items related to South Brooklyn Shakespeare as issued by the Send2Press Newswire service on behalf of the noted news source.
Enchanting evening of outdoor Shakespeare awaits at Old Stone House in Brooklyn as Brad Fryman takes on Sir Toby Belch
Tue, 02 Aug 2016, 12:00:06 EDT | From: LanDan Consulting
NEW YORK, N.Y., Aug. 2, 2016 (SEND2PRESS NEWSWIRE) — LanDan Consulting announces that Brad Fryman (Artistic Director – Oberon Theatre) takes on the role of Toby Belch in South Brooklyn Shakespeare's "Twelfth Night" directed by Paul Molnar and Dee Byrd-Molnar. Recent appearances include: the world premiere of Chris Boal's "Pimm's Mission," directed by Terry O'Brien at 59e59, "A Wilder Christmas" under the helm of Dan Wackerman, and "The Drawer Boy" directed by Alex Dinelaris at the SoHo PlayHouse.


Maritime Communications Partner, which the Norway-based operator acquired 10 years ago, will now be known as Telenor Maritime.
The company provides GSM and CDMA communications solutions using 2G, 3G, 4G and satellite technologies.
It is currently building a new 4G network covering the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Telenor Maritime CEO Frode Støldal revealed the company is looking at supplying more advanced technologies.
He said: "We are harnessing the power of digital technology, mobile devices, beacons and near-field communications to improve customer experience and boost loyalty.
"We're helping ship-owners to develop solutions so they can send real-time promotions or loyalty points to customers' smartphones if they stop in front of specific products in the onboard shop.
"Receiving these discounts makes customers feel valued and encourages them to spend, boosting cross-sell and upsell opportunities for the ship-owner.
Telenor does not break out the financial performance of Telenor Maritime.
It says more than 25 million subscribers used its maritime network every year.
The operator is one of a number of telcos looking to target the shipping industry.
Orange unveiled a communications platform for the sector last September.
In November, Taiwan's U-Ming Marine Transport Corporation signed up to use Ericsson's fleet management solutions.


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The case for public art
The value of art in public can seem difficult to define and measure, however there is increasingly new evidence and tools available that allow commissioners make the case for art in public to funders or partners. There does however seem no doubt that in general the arts play a crucial role in the vibrancy and cultural life of rural counties. A summary of the role of the arts in rural economies, regeneration, community development and culture is set out by the Arts Council in The arts and rural England: Why the arts are at the heart of rural life (2005) by François Matarasso and Arts Council England. Think tank Littoral (an arts research and development Trust focussing on social, cultural and environmental change) has also produced a number of strategic documents on rural arts & culture, A cultural strategy for rural England: investing in rural community creativity and cultural capital (2006) and Creative rural communities: a proposal for a rural cultural strategy (2010). In Dorset the case for the arts is defined by the Dorset Cultural Strategy 2009-14 (2009).
Looking more closely at art in public, evidence of its social value is gathering. For instance general studies such as "PROJECT", an evaluation of a series of case studies commissioned by Public Art South West, found that art in public can be a real catalyst for change in the built and natural environment (Comedia, 2007). More recently a study by the University of Central Lancashire, New Model Visual Arts Organisations & Social Engagement (2011) sets out some of the wider social and cultural potential of "socially engaged arts practices" which build links through temporary or permanent communities of place, interest or practice, engaging with people as social beings rather than producing cultural commodities for individualised consumers.
Ongoing is work by Ixia and the Open Space Research Centre, building a national evidence base for art in public premised on social, economic, environmental and artistic values, detailed in Public Art: A Guide to Evaluation (2010). The values attributed to art in public are:
• Social: Community development, poverty and social inclusion, health and well-being, crime and safety, personal and interpersonal development, travel and access, skills acquisition
• Economic: marketing/place identity/tourism , regeneration, economic investment and output, resource use and recycling, education, employment, value for money
• Environmental: ecological mitigation & conservation, physical environmental improvement, pollution and waste management, climate change and energy
• Artistic: visual/aesthetic/enjoyment, social activation, innovation/risk, host participation, challenge/critical debate
From this work ixia have produced an Evaluation Toolkit for art in public which assists users to:
• carry out an appraisal of the feasibility of a public art commission;
• maximise the potential of a public art commission and identify different goals;
• identify and agree the outcome measures that are appropriate to assess impact;
• agree systems for collecting, storing, analysing and reporting on data gathered.
Developing the rural economy
DROP 2008: Visitor Survey and Economic Impact Analysis (2008)
This report by Cumbria Tourism Research Department which commissioned a giant reflective temporary sculpture by Steve Messam. The study establishes a broad participant profile and estimates the potential economic impact of the event on the area, in terms of tourism benefit, concluding that an investment of £25,000 made an overall return of £319,926.
Protecting landscapes and safeguarding environments
Natural Partners: Arts in the Protected Landscape (2006)
This publication is designed to encourage those working in protected landscapes and in the arts to explore innovative ways of working together for mutual aims. It outlines the contribution the arts already makes to the rural agenda, illustrated with case studies that demonstrate good practice. Published by Arts Council England, South West (ACESW) and the South West Protected Landscape Forum (SWPLF). Now offline – available from Arts Council England, ISBN: 0728712989.
Creating safe, strong and inclusive rural communities
Participatory Evaluation of the Inspire Public Art Project (2005)
This evaluation report by Barefoot Research and Evaluation is an examination of how the Inspire Public Arts Programme in South East Northumberland engaged with stakeholders. It concludes that the project has increased the attractiveness of the environment to local communities, stakeholder organisations and visitors and that young people and others consulted felt that public art gave an area a sense of identity and had an influence on whether residents chose to leave an area.
Creating wellbeing through culture
Evidence Review: Healthy Communities and Sustainable Communites (2011)
The arts provide a promising approach to reducing health inequalities and promoting wellbeing. This brief report by Willis Newson identifies key evidence to support the use of the arts in reducing social isolation and improving community capital; encouraging active travel and physical exercise; and improving the food environment.
More evaluations and evidence of the value of public art projects are available from http://www.publicartonline.org.uk/resources/research/


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text:
In this photo dated November 12, 2018, the actual Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 737 - Max 8 plane, that crashed Sunday March 10, 2019, shortly after take-off from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, shown as it lands at Seattle Boeing Field King County International airport, USA. U.S. aviation experts on Tuesday March 12, 2019, joined the investigation into the crash of this Ethiopian Airlines jetliner that killed 157 people, as questions grow about the new Boeing plane involved in the crash. (AP Photo/Preston Fiedler)
Much of world bans Boeing jet involved in Ethiopia crash
European Union is the latest to halt use of Boeing 737 Max 8
Mar. 12, 2019 9:10 a.m.
Much of the world, including the entire European Union, grounded the Boeing jetliner involved in the Ethiopian Airlines crash or banned it from their airspace, leaving the United States on Tuesday as one of the few remaining operators of the plane involved in two deadly accidents in just five months.
The European Aviation Safety Agency took steps to keep the Boeing 737 Max 8 out of the air, joining Asian and Middle Eastern governments and carriers that also gave in to safety concerns in the aftermath of Sunday's crash, which killed all 157 people on board.
READ MORE: Baby travelling to see grandfather among Canadian victims in Ethiopian crash
Referring to the Lion Air crash in Indonesia that killed 189 people last year, European regulators said that "similar causes may have contributed to both events."
British regulators indicated possible trouble with a reportedly damaged flight data recorder, saying they based their decision on the fact that they did not "sufficient information" from the recorder.
Turkish Airlines, Oman Air, Norwegian Air Shuttle and South Korean airline Eastar Jet were among the latest carriers to halt use of the Boeing model. Ireland, the Netherlands, Malaysia, Australia and Singapore suspended all flights into or out of their cities.
A Turkish Airlines official said two Britain-bound planes returned to Istanbul after British airspace was closed to the aircraft. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to speak publicly.
U.S.-based Boeing has said it has no reason to pull the popular aircraft from the skies. It does not intend to issue new recommendations about the aircraft to customers. Its technical team joined American, Israeli, Kenyan and other aviation experts in the investigation led by Ethiopian authorities.
READ MORE: Canada considering all options on Boeing plane involved in Ethiopian crash
The Federal Aviation Administration said it expects Boeing will soon complete improvements to an automated anti-stall system suspected of contributing to the deadly crash of another new Boeing 737 Max 8 in October.
Some U.S. airlines expressed support for the Boeing model, and American Airlines and Southwest continued flying them. A vice-president for American, the world's biggest carrier, which has 24 Max 8s, said they had "full confidence in the aircraft."
Safety experts cautioned against drawing too many comparisons too soon with the Lion Air crash in October. But others in the U.S. began pressing for action.
The Association of Professional Flight Attendants, which represents more than 26,000 flight attendants at American Airlines, called on CEO Doug Parker to "strongly consider grounding these planes until an investigation can be performed."
Consumer Reports called on airlines and the FAA to ground the jets until a thorough safety investigation is complete.
Even President Donald Trump weighed in, tweeting that additional "complexity creates danger" in modern aircraft and hinders pilots from making "split second decisions" to ensure passengers' safety.
He did not specifically mention the crashes but said, "I don't know about you, but I don't want Albert Einstein to be my pilot."
The Ethiopian Airlines plane crashed six minutes after taking off for Nairobi, killing people from 35 countries.
Officials warn of measles exposure at Los Angeles airport
Garneau to update Canada's position on Boeing 737 Max 8 as pressure mounts


text:
Category: Data management
Data management, Scientific publishing
Keeping science reproducible in a world of custom code and data
Read the full story at Ars Technica.
Since the mid-1600s, the output from a typical scientific study has been an essay-style journal article describing the results. But today, in fields ranging from astronomy to microbiology, much of the technical work for a journal article involves writing code to manipulate data sets. If the data and code are not available, other researchers can't reproduce the original authors' work and, more importantly, may not be able to build upon the work to explore new methods and discoveries.
Thanks to cultural shifts and funding requirements, more researchers are warming up to open data and open code. Even 100-year-old journals like the Quarterly Journal of Economics or the Journal of the Royal Statistical Society now require authors to provide replication materials—including data and code—with any quantitative paper. Some researchers welcome the new paradigm and see the value in pushing science forward via deeper collaboration. But others feel the burden of learning to use distribution-related tools like Git, Docker, Jupyter, and other not-quite words.
Parts of the web are disappearing every day. Here's how to save Internet history
by Laura B. • September 3, 2021 • 0 Comments
Read the full story from Fast Company.
The websites of today are the historical evidence of tomorrow—but only if they are archived.
Biodiversity, Data management
File not found: Biodiversity needs better data archiving
Read the full story from Michigan State University.
A Spartan-led research team reveals surprising gaps in ecological genetic data that could otherwise help global conservation efforts
Data management, Geology, Publications
The United States Geological Survey Science Data Lifecycle Model
by Laura B. • November 2, 2017 • 0 Comments
Download the document. See also this article in Journal of eScience Librarianship for a discussion of the model's development.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data represent corporate assets with potential value beyond any immediate research use, and therefore need to be accounted for and properly managed throughout their lifecycle. Recognizing these motives, a USGS team developed a Science Data Lifecycle Model (SDLM) as a high-level view of data—from conception through preservation and sharing—to illustrate how data management activities relate to project workflows, and to assist with understanding the expectations of proper data management. In applying the Model to research activities, USGS scientists can ensure that data products will be well-described, preserved, accessible, and fit for re-use. The Model also serves as a structure to help the USGS evaluate and improve policies and practices for managing scientific data, and to identify areas in which new tools and standards are needed.
How Scientists Can Protect Their Data From the Trump Administration
by Laura B. • February 2, 2017 • 0 Comments
Read the full story in The Intercept.
If you're an American scientist who's worried that your data might get censored or destroyed by Trump's radically anti-science appointees, here are some technologies that could help you preserve it, and preserve access to it.
Communicating science, Data management, Publications
Researchers make soil experiment data available in real time
by Laura B. • October 27, 2016 • 0 Comments
Read the full story in EnvironmentalResearchWeb.
Traditionally, the scientific world has had closed doors. Since the 17th century scientists have published their findings in learned journals, but the details of exactly what they did, how they gathered their data and what tools they used to reach their conclusions are not usually communicated beyond the laboratory walls. But times are changing. Modern technology is enabling scientists to share their data worldwide and put information into the hands of ordinary citizens. However, sharing data openly is not without its challenges.
Consumer electronics, Data management, E-waste, Publications, Recycling
October 2015 issue of NTIS National Technical Reports Newsletter features e-cycling publications
The October 2015 issue of NTIS' National Technical Reports Newsletter features a sampling of new and historic information on electronics recycling that is available from NTIS via the NTRL website. The issue also includes links to the public access plans of several federal agencies and an overview of NTIS' new NTRL database.
Data management, Federal government, Publications, State government
Geospatial Data: Progress Needed on Identifying Expenditures, Building and Utilizing a Data Infrastructure, and Reducing Duplicative Efforts
by Laura B. • March 16, 2015 • 0 Comments
GAO-15-193: Published: Feb 12, 2015. Publicly Released: Mar 16, 2015.
Download at http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-15-193.
What GAO Found
Federal agencies and state governments use a variety of geospatial datasets to support their missions. For example, after Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the Federal Emergency Management Agency used geospatial data to identify 44,000 households that were damaged and inaccessible and reported that, as a result, it was able to provide expedited assistance to area residents. Federal agencies report spending billions of dollars on geospatial investments; however, the estimates are understated because agencies do not always track geospatial investments. For example, these estimates do not include billions of dollars spent on earth-observing satellites that produce volumes of geospatial data. The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have started an initiative to have agencies identify and report annually on geospatial-related investments as part of the fiscal year 2017 budget process.
FGDC and selected federal agencies have made progress in implementing their responsibilities for the National Spatial Data Infrastructure as outlined in OMB guidance; however, critical items remain incomplete. For example, the committee established a clearinghouse for records on geospatial data, but the clearinghouse lacks an effective search capability and performance monitoring. FGDC also initiated plans and activities for coordinating with state governments on the collection of geospatial data; however, state officials GAO contacted are generally not satisfied with the committee's efforts to coordinate with them. Among other reasons, they feel that the committee is focused on a federal perspective rather than a national one, and that state recommendations are often ignored. In addition, selected agencies have made limited progress in their own strategic planning efforts and in using the clearinghouse to register their data to ensure they do not invest in duplicative data. For example, 8 of the committee's 32 member agencies have begun to register their data on the clearinghouse, and they have registered 59 percent of the geospatial data they deemed critical. Part of the reason that agencies are not fulfilling their responsibilities is that OMB has not made it a priority to oversee these efforts. Until OMB ensures that FGDC and federal agencies fully implement their responsibilities, the vision of improving the coordination of geospatial information and reducing duplicative investments will not be fully realized.
OMB guidance calls for agencies to eliminate duplication, avoid redundant expenditures, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the sharing and dissemination of geospatial data. However, some data are collected multiple times by federal, state, and local entities, resulting in duplication in effort and resources. A new initiative to create a national address database could potentially result in significant savings for federal, state, and local governments. However, agencies face challenges in effectively coordinating address data collection efforts, including statutory restrictions on sharing certain federal address data. Until there is effective coordination across the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, there will continue to be duplicative efforts to obtain and maintain these data at every level of government.
Why GAO Did This Study
The federal government collects, maintains, and uses geospatial information—data linked to specific geographic locations—to help support varied missions, including national security and natural resources conservation. To coordinate geospatial activities, in 1994 the President issued an executive order to develop a National Spatial Data Infrastructure—a framework for coordination that includes standards, data themes, and a clearinghouse. GAO was asked to review federal and state coordination of geospatial data.
GAO's objectives were to (1) describe the geospatial data that selected federal agencies and states use and how much is spent on geospatial data; (2) assess progress in establishing the National Spatial Data Infrastructure; and (3) determine whether selected federal agencies and states invest in duplicative geospatial data. To do so, GAO identified federal and state uses of geospatial data; evaluated available cost data from 2013 to 2015; assessed FGDC's and selected agencies' efforts to establish the infrastructure; and analyzed federal and state datasets to identify duplication.
What GAO Recommends
GAO suggests that Congress consider assessing statutory limitations on address data to foster progress toward a national address database. GAO also recommends that OMB improve its oversight of FGDC and federal agency initiatives, and that FGDC and selected agencies fully implement initiatives. The agencies generally agreed with the recommendations and identified plans to implement them.
For more information, contact David A. Powner at (202) 512-9286 or pownerd@gao.gov.
Computer equal to or better than humans at cataloging science
Read the full story from the University of Wisconsin.
In 1997, IBM's Deep Blue computer beat chess wizard Garry Kasparov. This year, a computer system developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison equaled or bested scientists at the complex task of extracting data from scientific publications and placing it in a database that catalogs the results of tens of thousands of individual studies…
The development, described in the current issue of PLoS, marks a milestone in the quest to rapidly and precisely summarize, collate and index the vast output of scientists around the globe, says first author Shanan Peters, a professor of geoscience at UW-Madison.
Data management, Funding
The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation selects awardees for $21 million in grants to stimulate data-driven discovery
by Laura B. • October 7, 2014 • 0 Comments
The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation today announced the selection of 14 Moore Investigators in Data-Driven Discovery. These scientists will catalyze new data-driven scientific discoveries through grants to their academic institutions totaling $21 million over five years. These unrestricted awards will enable the recipients to make a profound impact on scientific research by unlocking new types of knowledge and advancing new data science methods across a wide spectrum of disciplines. These Moore Investigator Awards are part of a $60 million, five-year Data-Driven Discovery Initiative within the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's Science Program. The initiative – one of the largest privately funded data scientist programs of its kind – is committed to enabling new types of scientific breakthroughs by supporting interdisciplinary, data-driven researchers. Last year, the Moore Foundation announced an ambitious collaboration with three universities and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to create dedicated data science environments.
"Science is generating data at unprecedented volume, variety and velocity, but many areas of science don't reward the kind of expertise needed to capitalize on this explosion of information," said Chris Mentzel, Program Director of the Data-Driven Discovery Initiative. "We are proud to recognize these outstanding scientists, and we hope these awards will help cultivate a new type of researcher and accelerate the use of interdisciplinary, data-driven science in academia."
By empowering data-driven investigators at universities, these new awards will strengthen incentives for data scientists in academia and create greater rewards for working between disciplines. The awards will support sustained collaborations among data science researchers to build on one another's work, capitalize on the best practices and tools, and create solutions that can be used more broadly by others.
"Many areas of science are currently data-rich, but discovery-poor," said Vicki Chandler, PhD, Chief Program Officer for Science at the Moore Foundation. "The Moore Investigator Awards in Data-Driven Discovery aim to reverse that trend by enabling researchers to harness the unprecedented diversity of scientific data now available and answer new kinds of questions. We hope that other funders, public and private, will join us in supporting this transformation."
The selected Investigators are listed below. Please visit the Data-Driven Discovery Investigator page for profiles of these outstanding researchers.
2014 Moore Investigators in Data-Driven Discovery
Joshua Bloom, University of California, Berkeley
C. Titus Brown, University of California, Davis
Casey Greene, Dartmouth College
Jeffrey Heer, University of Washington
Carl Kingsford, Carnegie Mellon University
Laurel Larson, University of California, Berkeley
Christopher Re, Stanford University
Kimberly Reynolds, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Amit Singer, Princeton University
Matthew Stephens, University of Chicago
Blair Sullivan, North Carolina State University
Matthew Turk, University of Illinois
Laura Waller, University of California, Berkeley
Ethan White, University of Florida


[this is a 145 exhaust] I think this little silencer for retaining out gasses and not lose power at low rpm.
I'd go with a 2.5" system to be honest, should be able to cope fine with the power of a standard V6. Are you going to be sticking with the standard exhaust manifolds?
And I think just the 2 silencers should be ok, might be a little on the loud side without the cat there. I'd take a look on youtube, there seem to be a few V6 videos up there with aftermarket exhausts.
i was using in my v6 supersprint rear silencer, and it was the only one silencer without cat.
I had a similar, a large rear box but nothing else to the cat, lovely rumble and not too loud using 2.5" pipe.
I first tried it with a smaller rear box but it gave me a headache!
Going on Youtube and looking at Alfa V6 exhaust videos always make me wish I had one!
Thanks Steve!, yes, I think I will use 2.5, I will leave the stock manifolds. in the future I want to do a full stainless exhaust. but in the far future.
Thanks Suzumushi! You have a supersprint for a model o generic? I don´t know what car is my Supersprint.
Was being used in a 145QV, a friend who not used it gave it to me. He bought it from a guy on the 145 UK forum. But is not on the catalog of the 145.
Thanks Wrinx! Then without cat, but with a smaller front silencer should compensate for noise.
David ARTC-215 makes a greats exhaust on stainless, I will want one on a future.
2.5" or 3" exhaust, thats the question.
By pitucas in forum Alfa Romeo Q4 Tech.


text:
'use strict';

/**
 * Module dependencies.
 */

var mongoose = require('mongoose'),
  Phase = mongoose.model('Phase'),
  Project = mongoose.model('Project');

var activity = require('../controllers/activity');

exports.all = function (req, res) {
	var project_id = req.params.project_id;
	Project.findOne( {'_id': project_id} ).exec(function(err, result) {
		if (!err) {
			return res.json(200, result.phases);
		}
		else {
			return res.status(400).send('Could not find project with id ' + req.params.project_id);
		}
		console.log('project ' + result.phases);
	}); //MONGODB
};

exports.show = function (req, res) {
	var project_id = req.params.project_id;
	var phase_id = req.params.phase_id;
	Project.findOne( {'_id': project_id} ).exec(function(err, result) {
		if (!err && result) {
			Phase.findOne( {'_id': phase_id} ).exec(function(err, result_phase){
				if (!err && result_phase) {
					return res.json(200, result_phase);
				}
				else {
					return res.status(400).send('Could not find phase with id ' + req.params.phase_id);
				}
			});
		}
		else {
			return res.status(400).send('Could not find project with id ' + req.params.project_id);
		}
		console.log('project ' + result.phases);
	}); //MONGODB
};

exports.edit = function (req, res) {
	var project_id = req.params.project_id;
	var phase_id = req.params.phase_id;
	Project.findOne( {'_id': project_id} ).exec(function(err, result) {
		if (!err) {
			Phase.findOne( {'_id': phase_id} ).exec(function(err, result_phase){
				if (!err) {
					if (req.body.name) result_phase.name = req.body.name;
					if (req.body.startDate) result_phase.startDate = req.body.startDate;
					if (req.body.endDate) result_phase.endDate = req.body.endDate;
					result_phase.save();
					return res.json(200, 'Successfully edited phase', result_phase);
				}
				else {
					return res.status(400).send('Could not find phase with id ' + req.params.phase_id);
				}
			});
		}
		else {
			return res.status(400).send('Could not find project with id ' + req.params.project_id);
		}
		console.log('project ' + result.phases);
	}); //MONGODB

};

exports.addPhase = function (req, res) {
	var project_id = req.params.project_id;
	Project.findOne( {'_id': project_id} ).exec(function(err, result) {
		if (!err) {
			var phase = new Phase();
		    phase.name = req.body.name;
		    if(req.body.startDate) phase.startDate = req.body.startDate;
		    phase.endDate = req.body.endDate;
		    phase.save();
		    result.phases.push(phase._id);
		    result.save();
		    activity.createEntry('Phase', 'Created', req.user, project_id);
		    return res.status(201).json(phase);
		}
		else {
			return res.status(400).send('Could not find project with id ' + req.params.project_id);
		}
	});
};

	exports.delete=function(req,res) {
		var project_id=req.params.project_id;
		var phase_id=req.params.phase_id;
		Project.findOne({'_id':project_id}).exec(function(err, result) {
			if (!err && result) {
				Phase.findOne({'_id':phase_id}).exec(function(err, result_phase){
					if (!err && result_phase) {
							result_phase.remove();
							result_phase.save();
							result.save();
							return res.json(200, 'Successfully removed phase!');
					}
					else {
						return res.status(400).send('Could not find phase with id ' + req.params.phase_id);
					}
				});
				result.phases.remove(req.params.phase_id);
			}
			else {
				return res.status(400).send('Could not find project with id ' +req.params.project_id);
			}
	});
	//MONGODB

};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub