Saturn continues his plodding through the Sun's sign Leo, and begins a retrograde period on January 1 that will last through mid-May, 2009. Saturn in Leo has much to do with destruction or breakdown of power and rulership structures. Leo represents the concept of centralized authority or a source of power that is looked to for guidance and inspiration. Saturn carries the energy of detachment, destruction of form, and the power to see beyond illusion of worldly matters. With this combination, we have the sometimes bitter wisdom of Saturn allowing us to see beyond the glamour of royalty and power so that we can restructure outdated or imbalanced modes of rulership or authority. This energy will hopefully be reflected in the changing of the guard within the executive branch of the U.S. Government, as well as within our own personal spheres.
The first half of this new year will be a good time for individual, as well as collective, review and restructuring of where we place our authority, where we look for guidance and inspiration, and how we act as leaders ourselves. Saturn generally demands letting go on some level; choosing to do it willingly and with detachment, despite the fear of doing so, will ease the pain of transition. Saturn also calls for slow, deliberate movement and patience. Don't expect "Change" overnight.
The monthly Sun-Moon opposition occurs during the night of Saturday, January 10 while the Sun is in the late degrees of Sagittarius and the Moon is in the late degrees of Gemini. This full Moon is the culmination of the cycle begun with the new Moon of December 27 in Sagittarius, and it occurs in the lunar mansion called Punarvasu, which translates as "Return of the Light." The energy of this full Moon is about bringing the knowledge and wisdom that we collect in the sign of Gemini forward into the deep, emotional realm that the sign of Cancer reflects. (Punarvasu spans the last ten degrees of Gemini and the first three degrees of Cancer.) Join the full Moon in expanding your mental capacities in the direction of intuition, emotion and relationship. Use the wisdom and resources that have been gathered in to help, provide for and nurture others.
There's nothing like kicking off a calendar year with a down-home Mercury retrograde cycle. The first of three in 2009 begins January 12 and jerks us back and forth for a few weeks until February 1. Mercury starts the cycle in the middle degrees of Capricorn and dips back into Sagittarius by January 27 when he conjuncts with Mars at the border between those two signs. That could be a pretty neat day for technological glitches, so prepare for the ride by backing up important data, making sure your phones and electronic devices are in working order and/or entering the wilderness for a solo retreat so that you can happily climb mountains instead of dealing with communication and technological problems. Alternatives to complete isolation from civilization are the usual Mercury retrograde remedies: communicate carefully, double check plans and itineraries, avoid major financial decisions and signing important documents, don't make any sudden moves. These suggestions should be applied to the week before and the week after the cycle, as well. Mercury retrograde cycles are great for review, editing, retreat and revamping, and not so great for embarking on shiny new projects. Saturn's concurrent retrograde motion reinforces this state of affairs.
The Sun joins retrograde Mercury, Jupiter and Rahu, the Moon's north node, in Capricorn on January 14. The Sun's vitality and power may help to boost spirits for the Capricorns among us, as well as to lend some inspiration as we slowly and deliberately make our way through Mercury and Saturn's retrograde cycles. The Sun could be a good spotlight for bringing into definition what needs to stay and what needs to go as we make our strategy for change.
The first new moon of the new year occurs when the Sun and Moon conjunct at 12° of Saturn's earth sign, Capricorn, in the wee hours of Monday, January 26. This new Moon happens in the lunar mansion called "Shravana" which translates as "Famous" or "Renowned." Since Capricorn is ruled by Saturn, we should keep the new beginnings at this time slow and steady, due to Saturn's naturally slow nature and current retrograde motion. Shravana is an earthy sign and supports learning, absorption of wisdom through hearing/listening, traveling and service to others. Shravana is ruled by the Moon and also enables us to relate to the public and to transcend cultural limits to connect with others on a purely human level. This would be a good time to focus on relating to others through communication, especially through the practice of listening.
This new Moon also marks the Chinese New Year: Earth Ox.
Lovely Venus, currently visible as the "evening star" moves from Saturn's air sign, Aquarius, which she entered on December 29, into her sign of exaltation, Pisces, on January 27. Relationship and creativity may pick up a bit as Venus moves out of opposition with Saturn (in Leo, which is opposite Aquarius) and into the more fertile, juicy ground of Jupiter's water sign, Pisces. Keep in mind, there are still many forces at work that want us to proceed with care and caution. Jupiter will remain under this effect for his entire tour through Capricorn, which will last until December 2009. So, while we still can enjoy Jupiter's expansiveness, it may be at a slower pace, which could in fact, promote stronger roots and stability. This condition of Jupiter transfers to Venus as she moves through his sign, which will last through the end of May, due to a retrograde cycle coming up for Venus in March. We are blessed to have the planet that rules love, beauty and relationship in her sign of exaltation for five months. Venus in Pisces opens us up to the sea of love and devotion that flows between all beings. Enjoy!
In answer to Venus' move to her sign of exaltation, Mars moves into his sign of exaltation, Capricorn, on January 28, where he remains until the first week of March 2009. Mars' transit of Capricorn could act to stimulate and empower the other planets located there: Sun, Jupiter and Rahu (north node.) The inherently aggressive and impatient nature of Mars may make the attempt at "slow and steady" a bit challenging, but if we can channel the energy of Mars in ways that maximize power and resource, we could make excellent progress on the material plane. Mars' exaltation negates the debility of Jupiter while he occupies Capricorn, so we could see the month of February being a good window into expansion and work in what may otherwise be a slow winter/spring season. Having the two very human planets, Venus and Mars, representing the potent human forces of male and female, both in their signs of exaltation, could help us to feel vital, active and creative in the face of what could be described as constricting and difficult times.


text:
Model for excess deaths (survival)
The model for the excess death rate is a piecewise Poisson Bayesian spatial relative survival model, closely based on that first described by Fairley et al. (2008), and since applied by others (Cramb et al. 2011, Cramb et al. 2012, Saez et al. 2012). The first stage is the likelihood model for the observed number of deaths \(d_{kji}\) in the \(k^{\text{th}}\) age group, the \(j^{\text{th}}\) follow up interval and the \(i^{\text{th}}\) area:
$$d_{kji} \sim \text{Poisson}\left(\mu_{kji}\right).$$
The second stage comprises
$$\text{log} \left(\mu_{kji}-d_{kji}^*\right)=\text{log}(y_{kji})+\beta_{0j}+\boldsymbol{x\beta}_k+R_i$$
where \(y_{kji}\) is person-time at risk, \(d_{kji}^*\) is the expected number of deaths based on population mortality, \(\beta_{0j}\) is the intercept (which varied by follow-up year), \(\beta_k\) is the coefficient of the predictor variable vector \(\boldsymbol{x}\) (representing the broad age groups, sex and cancer type), and \(R_i\) is the spatial component modelled with the Leroux CAR prior (Leroux et al. 2000).
The key output used in the maps from this model is the excess hazard ratio (EHR), which is calculated as \(\text{exp}(R_i)\). The model was run separately for males, females and persons. The covariates included were to prevent bias in the estimates due to differing age structures (4 age groups, representing ages 15-54, 55-64, 65-74 and 75-89 years), sex (only for persons, separated into males and females), or cancer types between areas (only for all cancers and head & neck cancers).
The input data for the excess death models are the observed number of deaths \(d_{kji}\), the expected population-level number of deaths \(d_{kji}^*\), and the person-time at-risk \(y_{kji}\).
As for the national summary, to calculate these estimates, relative survival methods were used. Patients who were still alive at 31st December 2014 were considered censored. Survival calculations only included people aged between 15 and 89 years at diagnosis. Patients whose cancer diagnosis was based on death certificate or autopsy only have also been excluded, as well as those with a survival time of zero days or a date of diagnosis after date of death.
The period approach and life table method were used to calculate observed survival, which also generates observed deaths (\(d_{kji}\)). This approach involves dividing the time after diagnosis into a series of discrete time intervals. Five annual intervals were used, and comparisons against models using quarterly intervals for the first year showed no differences in the small-area estimates. Person-time at risk (\(y_{kji}\)) was also obtained from this, as it reflects the sum of the patients alive within each discrete time interval.
Expected deaths \(d_{kji}^*\) (based on Australian unit record file mortality data obtained from the Registries of Births, Deaths and Marriages) was calculated using the Ederer II method (Ederer et al. 1961) for each 5-year age group (15-19,20-24,…,85-89 years), aggregated calendar year (2006-2010, 2011-2014), and groups of SA2s that were considered to be neighbours to enhance stability of the population mortality estimates.
R code for excess deaths model
Cramb SM, Mengersen KL, Baade PD 2011. Atlas of Cancer in Queensland: geographical variation in incidence and survival, 1998 to 2007. Brisbane Viertel Centre for Research in Cancer Control, Cancer Council Queensland.
Cramb SM, Mengersen KL, Turrell G, Baade PD. Spatial inequalities in colorectal and breast cancer survival: premature deaths and associated factors. Health Place. 2012; 18(6):1412-1421.
Ederer F, Axtell LM, Cutler SJ. The relative survival rate: a statistical methodology. NCI Monographs. 1961; 6:101-121.
Fairley L, Forman D, West R, Manda S. Spatial variation in prostate cancer survival in the Northern and Yorkshire region of England using Bayesian relative survival smoothing. British Journal of Cancer. 2008; 99(11):1786-1793.
Leroux BG, Lei X, Breslow N. Estimation of disease rates in small areas: a new mixed model for spatial dependence. 2000. 135-178. In Halloran ME, Berry D (Eds). Statistical models in epidemiology, the environment and clinical trials. New York: Springer.
Registries of Births, Deaths and Marriages, the Coroners and the National Coronial Information System. Unit record mortality data for Australia by state of usual residence, 2006–2015. Brisbane, Australian Coordinating Registry, 2017.
Saez M, Barceló MA, Martos C, Saurina C, Marcos-Gragera R, Renart G, Ocaña-Riola R, Feja C, Alcalá T. Spatial variability in relative survival from female breast cancer. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A (Statistics in Society). 2012; 175(1):107-134.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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76, De Soysa Road, Rawathawatta, Moratuwa.
Do you have a vision in your mind for a nice looking sleek Kitchen to your home?
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A limited number of meeting facilities were found in De Kalb, Illinois. Your search was widened to include meeting facilities within 300 miles of De Kalb, Illinois. To find more area meeting facilities, click the Zoom link shown above.


text:
w60 3/15 pp. 165-168
God's Penmen—Who Were They?
JOSHUA THROUGH ESTHER
JOB THROUGH MALACHI
THE CHRISTIAN GREEK SCRIPTURES
Memorizing the Bible Canon
Get to Know Your Bible
What the Book Contains
Good News—To Make You Happy
Transmitting God's Word
The Bible's Author is One, Jehovah God. However, he used human agents to write down that Word for us. Just who were these penmen?
JEHOVAH God himself wrote the Ten Commandments on tables of stone. For all the rest of the Bible he used human instruments to record his Word. There were some thirty-five of these penmen, all of them Jews. They came from all walks of life and were separated from each other in time by as much as 1,500 years. Such holy "men spoke from God as they were borne along by holy spirit."—2 Pet. 1:21; Rom. 3:1, 2.
To know just who these were individually will be strengthening to our faith. True, we do not have direct testimony in each instance, but there is sufficient evidence so that a Christian can rout all skeptics whose attack on the Bible's authenticity is based on a dispute over who wrote the individual books.
The Pentateuch, or first five books of the Bible, is credited to Moses. This was originally one volume and was divided for the sake of convenience. Although we repeatedly read of Moses' writing or being commanded to write, the books themselves do not state in so many words that Moses wrote them.—Ex. 34:27; Num. 33:1, 2; Deut. 31:9.
That Moses did indeed write them is not only a logical inference and the voice of Jewish tradition, but also the testimony of the rest of the Bible itself. In it we find some two hundred references to "the book of the law of Moses," and so forth, in twenty-seven different books.—Josh. 8:31; 2 Ki. 21:8; Ezra 6:18; Acts 15:21.
In the light of the foregoing the greater part of the Pentateuch presents no problem; Moses merely recorded what he saw and heard. But what about all that is recorded in the Pentateuch about creation, man's fall into sin, the Deluge, the building of the tower of Babel, and suchlike? The latest evidence shows that Moses obtained this information from at least eleven previously penned histories.
Archaeological discoveries tell of writing before the Flood. That Adam knew how to write is therefore a reasonable inference that is clinched by what we read at Genesis 5:1: "This is the book of Adam's history." The word here translated "history" is toledóth, and means, among other things, history or story of origin, "historical origins." It occurs at the conclusion of a document and is known as a colophon, identifying the writer of what went before. This same expression is found at Genesis 2:4, where we read: "This is a history of the heavens and the earth in the time of their being created." Most likely Adam wrote this one also. In addition to these two histories the Bible tells of nine others that Moses made use of, at Genesis 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; 37:2.
Archaeology shows that histories or accounts were written with a wedge-shaped stylus on soft clay tablets, which were then baked in the sun. Known as cuneiform writing, it continued to be employed even after the use of ink and papyrus. Clay documents were handed on from generation to generation, and doubtless suchlike were carried through the Flood by Noah and his sons. Moses, being skilled in all the learning of the Egyptians, would have no difficulty in deciphering these and translating them into the Hebrew that he and his people spoke at the time of the Exodus. Not that Moses necessarily copied these word for word; inspiration guided him in editing these even as it guided him in what to record of his own times. These eleven histories reach from creation to Genesis 37:2, to the time of Jacob and his sons. In addition to Adam, their writers or owners were Noah, the sons of Noah, Terah, Ishmael, Isaac, Esau and Jacob. The remainder of the record antedating his life Moses could easily have obtained from his father Amram, who doubtless heard it from the lips of his long-lived grandfather Levi.—Acts 7:22.
Coming now to the book of Joshua, circumstantial evidence strongly supports the Jewish tradition that it bears the name of the one who did write it. Joshua 6:25 shows that Rahab was alive at the time the book was being written, so indicating that it was written by someone who lived at the time of the events recorded. Logically, the writer was Joshua. Besides, what is more reasonable than to conclude that just as Jehovah used Moses to record the events of his lifetime (and more), so he would use Moses' successor to do the same? As Moses' assistant, Joshua had ample opportunity to learn about recording events.
Who wrote the next book, Judges? Samuel, most likely. This book repeatedly uses the expression, "in those days there was no king in Israel," implying that there was a king in Israel when it was written. The book also tells that the Jebusites were still in Jerusalem. Since they were driven out early in the reign of King David, it follows that the book must have been written during the reign of King Saul and so in Samuel's lifetime. Would not Jehovah logically use his chief earthly spokesman at the time to record his Word?—Judg. 1:21; 17:6.
The very same line of reasoning points to Samuel as the writer of the book of Ruth. However, when it comes to the two books of Samuel we are in for a surprise, because it is very apparent that he could not have written the second; in fact, not even all of the first, for it tells us of Samuel's death at 1 Samuel 25:1. An imposture? Not at all! The two books originally were one volume and it is therefore reasonable to conclude that those two prophets, Nathan and Gad, who as Samuel's successors most likely completed it, preferred to remain anonymous.—1 Chron. 29:29.
Coming to the two books of Kings, here again Scriptural inferences support Jewish tradition in naming the penman, namely, Jeremiah. Many Hebrew words and expressions appear only in these two books and in Jeremiah's prophecy, indicating the same writer. Both works manifest appreciation of the Law and burning zeal for Jehovah's pure worship. The books of Kings tell of conditions in Jerusalem after the captivity had begun, indicating that the writer had not been taken to Babylon, even as Jeremiah was not. The book of Jeremiah and the books of Kings complement each other, events being briefly sketched in one if fully covered in the other. Particularly revealing is the fact that the books of Kings, though featuring the prophets, make no mention of Jeremiah, prominent as his work was. The only logical explanation is that, having told about his work in the book bearing his name, he left out all mention of himself in the books of Kings.
The prominence of the priestly element in 1 and 2 Chronicles points to a priest such as Ezra as its penman, even as do the similarities found in the closing words of 2 Chronicles and the opening words of Ezra. That they were written in Ezra's day is clear from the many Chaldaic expressions they contain, obviously acquired in Babylon. Not without good reason, therefore, does Jewish tradition point to Ezra as the writer of 1 and 2 Chronicles.
The book of Ezra tells of two groups of exiles returning from Babylon to Jerusalem. Ezra took the lead in the second of these and is the logical one to tell us about it, which he does in the first person in Ezra chapters 7, 8 and 9. Leaving no question as to the writer of the next Bible book, it begins with the expression "The words of Nehemiah."
What about the book of Esther? Who was so well qualified as her cousin Mordecai to be its penman? He certainly was in position to know all the facts and had Jehovah's blessing upon him. The Great Synagogue of the Jews and Josephus reached the same conclusion.
The book of Job may well be the oldest of all the Bible books, and references to Job at Ezekiel 14:14, 20 and at James 5:11 prove that Job actually lived. As for its penman, all the evidence points to Moses. Job is full of grand and powerful poetry, even as we find at Exodus 15 and Deuteronomy 32. Similar expressions are found in the book of Job and the Pentateuch. Further, it appears that the events of Job happened about the time when Israel was oppressed and so Moses could have learned about Job while in the wilderness of Midian, after having fled from Pharaoh. Also, leading early Christians credited Moses with being the penman of the book of Job.
Contrary to popular impression, David did not write all the psalms. He wrote but seventy-two out of one hundred and fifty. Among other penmen of the psalms were Moses, Solomon, Asaph and the sons of Korah. Thirty-four of the psalms are anonymous. As for the next book, Proverbs, it itself shows that Solomon wrote the first twenty-nine chapters, Agur the thirtieth and King Lemuel the thirty-first. The book of Ecclesiastes (1:1, 12) identifies King Solomon as its penman, even as does the title of the next book, The Song of Solomon.
The penmen of the next five books of the Bible were Isaiah, Jeremiah (two), Ezekiel and Daniel. There has been a veritable flood of literature trying to prove that Isaiah did not write all the book bearing his name. His detractors, however, cannot agree whether the book was written by two, three or even more different "Isaiahs." But cannot a book have various styles to match varying messages without requiring a number of writers? Surely! For Christians the inspired apostle Paul settles the matter, for he quotes from the supposedly different sections of the book and credits Isaiah with all of them. See Romans, chapters nine and ten.
The prophet Jeremiah is rightfully credited with being the penman of the book of Lamentations. The style of writing, as well as the time of its writing, points unmistakably to him.
The book of Daniel has ever been a choice target for the higher critics. They all seem agreed that it could not have been written until hundreds of years after Daniel lived. However, much of their attack has been dulled by archaeological findings, and for Christians the words of Jesus Christ settle the question, for he quoted from the book and credited it to Daniel.—Matt. 24:15.
Following Daniel come twelve so-called minor prophets, each of which prophecies is identified by the name of its penman. If there is an exception, it might be Malachi, whose name means "Messenger of Jah," and which may have been a pseudonym used by the prophet Nehemiah so as not to draw attention to himself. All the facts perfectly fit the time of Nehemiah, and yet Malachi is not mentioned by Nehemiah. The zeal of Malachi certainly is comparable to that manifested by Nehemiah.
As far as can be ascertained, Moses began Bible writing about 1513 B.C., and the Hebrew Scriptures were completed with the writing of Nehemiah or Malachi about 442 B.C. For almost five centuries there was no inspired writing by any penman of God. Why? Doubtless because events during that time were without prophetic significance. But when the Son of God came to the nation of Israel as their promised Messiah, such was no longer true. Now events of the greatest importance were happening and there were new revelations of God's will for his servants upon earth. This resulted in the adding of twenty-seven books to the Word of God, the Christian Greek Scriptures, misnamed "New Testament," even as the Hebrew Scriptures are misnamed "Old Testament."
Who were the penmen of the books of the Christian Greek Scriptures? Ancient papyrus manuscripts and the testimony of the early Christians invariably help to answer that question. They credit the four Gospels to the ones whose names they bear. Luke's reference to his own Gospel in the book of Acts, as well as his use of the first person in telling of some of his travels with Paul, proves that he did indeed write both books. While some have insisted that it was not the apostle John that wrote the Gospel by his name, they are proved wrong by an archaeological find of a fragment of his Gospel, written between the years 100 and 150 and which was found down in Egypt. For a fragment to get down to Egypt by that date shows that John's Gospel must have been written in his lifetime and not some fifty years later as the higher critics claim.
As for the next fourteen letters, written by Paul, all but the last one identify him as the writer. That he also wrote the letter to the Hebrews is made clear from the following facts: Early Christians name Paul as the writer; an early list of all his letters includes Hebrews; the style of writing, the use of logic and the marshaling of Scriptural testimony are all in the best Pauline manner. As for the remaining writings of the Christian Greek Scriptures, these all name their own penmen: James, Peter (two letters), John (three letters and Revelation) and Jude.
Thus we have some thirty-five penmen, beginning with Moses and ending with the apostle John, covering a period of some 1,600 years and being used to pen the sixty-six books of the Bible. The facts and the circumstantial evidence combine to prove that the writers of these books actually lived in the time they claimed to have lived and to have written. Such information is not only a matter of interest but also very strengthening to our faith. Further, it enables us to answer attacks made upon the authenticity of the Word of God, which endures in spite of all the efforts of its enemies to destroy it.—1 Pet. 1:25.


text:
+++
title = "`const value_type &assume_value() const & noexcept`"
description = "Narrow contract const lvalue reference observer of any value present. Constexpr propagating, never throws."
categories = ["observers"]
weight = 610
+++

Narrow contract const lvalue reference observer of any value present. `NoValuePolicy::narrow_value_check()` is first invoked, then the reference to the value is returned. The convention is that hard undefined behaviour occurs if no value is actually present, however `NoValuePolicy::narrow_value_check()` can do something to avoid that.

Note that if `value_type` is `void`, only a `const` overload returning `void` is present.

*Requires*: Always available.

*Complexity*: Depends on `NoValuePolicy::narrow_value_check()`.

*Guarantees*: An exception is never thrown.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Propeller Club Liverpool generously organised two fundraising events in support of Seafarers UK raising over £1,000. The first took place over a May weekend with a Maritime 5-a-side football tournament being hotly contested by a number of Maritime teams. Sponsored by Fort Recruitment, the competition was played out on a balmy Sunday afternoon by the banks of the river Mersey at the Firwood Waterloo Rugby Club.
Ten teams were fielded by a number of companies operating in the Mersey maritime cluster including KVH Media Liverpool & Leeds, Offshore Painting Services, Nautilus, Accu-Right Engineering, AB Ports, MIRIS, Fort Recruitment and Bibby Marine. MIRIS International eventually fought off the tough challenge posed by Fort Recruitment and the entire tournament raised over £600 on the day.
To mark Seafarers Awareness Week in June, the Propeller Club Liverpool also hosted their annual summer maritime quiz. The evening was well attended and between team entries and the post-quiz raffle, Propeller Club Liverpool consolidated their charity donation to over £1,000 for Seafarers UK. A joint KVH and Lloyds Register Liverpool outshone the rest of the table quiz teams with their searing intelligence and expansive general knowledge.
As part of Seafarers UK Centenary year, the charity committed £1.17m of funding for a state-of-the-art retirement residential wing at the Wallasey-based Mariners' Park Estate. Being a beneficiary of the Propeller Club Liverpool fundraising efforts is an honour for Seafarers UK and further strengthens the established bonds between the Liverpool maritime Cluster and Seafarers UK.
The aim of the Propeller Club Liverpool is to promote cooperation and understanding of the maritime industry for its members, within its local community and across the global Propeller Club network. The Propeller Club Liverpool is only the second branch of the global maritime association to be established in the UK since the London chapter opened in 1936. The Propeller Club as an organisation is dedicated to the promotion of the maritime industry, commerce and global trade through many of its programs and partnering activities with other similar organisation.


This prestige institution is situated at Nsukka in Nigeria. It was founded in 1955. The noteworthy alumni of the UNN are Peter Obi, Chris Ngige, and many others. To Restore, the Dignity of Man is the motto of this institute. This public institute has academic staff of 1519. In 2014, the institute enrolled 36000 students. The Campus is present in the rural area. Lion and Lionesses are its nicknames. Unn.edu.ng is its official website. Students interested in this institute can get any information about it here online. The University of Nigeria was ranked by Webometrics. In the world, Webometrics have ranked it 4100. While it has also given it the 8506 presence rank, 6774 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 6503 and Excellence rank of 2513.
This institution was founded in 2011 and David Oyedepo is its founder. This private institution is situated in Kwara in Nigeria. Breaking New Grounds is the Motto of this well reputed institute. Imu.edu.ng is the official website of the institute. This website is helpful for the students as they can have every type of information related to their area of interest. It is a Christian University in Nigeria. DR. David O. Oyedepo is the chancellor of the institute. This institute has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world, they have ranked it 4022. While it has also given it the 6611 presence rank, 2293 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 6119 and Excellence rank of 5414.
This Nigerian Institution was founded in 1981. It is situated at Akure in Nigeria. Technology for self-Reliance is the Motto of the Institution. It is a public institute and it enrolled 15000 students. Among them 13000 were undergraduates while 2000 were, postgraduates. Prof. Biyi Daramola is the vice chancellor of the Institute. Futa.edu.ng is its official website. It provides all the relevant information about the subjects, courses. This institute has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world they have ranked it 3872. While it has also given it the 5111 presence rank, 10508 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 1679 and Excellence rank of 2891. In 2014 by Web Visits, it was given the ranking of 14th best Nigerian Institute.
This largest university of Nigeria was founded in 1962. It is also known to be the 2nd largest institute of Africa which is situated at Zaria in Nigeria. Ahmadu Bello is the founder of this prestige institute. The noteworthy alumni of this institute are Nuhu Ribadu, Atiku Abubakar, and many others. The campus of this public institute is present in the urban area. Abu.edu.ng is the official website of this well reputed institute. This institute has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world, they have ranked it 3599. While it has also given it the 5788 presence rank, 9029 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 3002 and Excellence rank of 2459.
This Nigerian prestigious institute was founded in 1988. It is a Federal Institute of Agriculture which is situated at Alabata Road in Nigeria. Unaab.edu.ng is the official website of this public institute. Information regarding courses, subjects, faculties, departments can be seen online on its official website. NUC have also awarded this Institute as the best university in the Nigeria in 2002 and 2003. NUC is the Nigerian Universities Commission. This institute has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world, they have ranked it 3424. While it has also given it the 5486 presence rank, 9213 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 1062 and Excellence rank of 2983.
Unilorin was founded in 1975. This institute is situated in Ilorin in Nigeria. In 2010, the institute enrolled 20084 students. The noteworthy alumni of Unilorin are Sarah Alade, Nkem Owoh, and many others. The campus of this public institute is present in an urban area. Unilorin.edu.ng is the official website of this prestigious Nigerian Institute. Abdul Ganiyu Ambali is the vice chancellor of the Institute. This institute has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world, they have ranked it 2742. While it has also given it the 3802 presence rank, 7486 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 986 and Excellence rank of 2586.
This institution was founded in 1952. It is situated on University road in Lagos, Nigeria. It is also known as Unilag. The noteworthy alumni of this Federal Government University are Tunde Bakare, Gbenga Daniel, and many others. In 2010, this public institute enrolled 45000 students. Its campus is in the urban area. It is affiliated with NUC, AAU, and ACU. Unilag.edu.ng is the official website of the institution. This institution has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world, they have ranked it 2597. While it has also given it the 6137 presence rank, 4448 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 3273 and Excellence rank of 2252.
This oldest Nigerian Institution was founded in 1948. This prestigious institute is situated at Ibadan in Nigeria. The noteworthy alumni of this well reputed institute are Wole Soyinka, Bola Ige, and many other personalities. The noteworthy faculty of the institutes include Wole Soyinka, Niyi Osundare and many more. It is the public institute that enrolled 33481 students. Ui.edu.ng is its official website. This institution has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world, they have ranked it 2310. While it has also given it the 5659 presence rank, 4795 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 3294 and Excellence rank of 1487.
It is the prestigious Institution of Nigeria which was founded in 1962. It is situated at Ife in Nigeria. The noteworthy alumni of the institutions are Jimoh Ibrahim, Ola Rotimi, and many others. It is the public institute and For Learning and Culture is the Motto of this well-reputed institute. Oauife.edu.ng is its official website. This institute has also facilitated it students with library and many other facilities. This institute has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world, they have ranked it 1791. While it has also given it the 963 presence rank, 2406 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 3825 and Excellence rank of 2333.
It is private Christian Institution which was founded in 2002. It is situated at Center Cir, Ota in Nigeria. David Oyedepo is the founder of this prestigious institution. Raising a New Generation of Leaders is the Motto of this well reputed institute. DR. David Oyedepo is the chancellor of this private institute. Covenantuniversity.edu.ng is the official website of this famous well reputed institution. The notable faculty of the Institute are Professor Eric Maskin, Professor Ezekiel Adebiyi. This institution has also been ranked by Webometrics. In the world, they have ranked it 1401. While it has also given it the 3072 presence rank, 1154 impact rank. Beside it was also given openness rank of 925 and Excellence rank of 2983.
The above mentioned are the prestigious universities in Nigeria we have ranked. We have also told you about the Webometrics world ranking of the institutions. Besides this, we have also let you known about their presence, openness, impact and excellence rank. They have facilitated students in many ways. These are the best institutions in Nigeria that provide quality education to the students. Students interested in studying in Nigeria must apply in above mentioned well reputed agricultural institutes. But to get admission in these institutions students must be capable, he must have gained good grade points.


This 10-week course guides these teenagers to understand their position of royalty as a Daughter of the King, become secure in who God created them to be, how to make life choices through the lens of the Word and applying wisdom in relationships, faith, public settings, and more.
Those who participate will reach their pinnacle with a celebration that creates a memory for a lifetime as each teenager receives a public blessing from her father or another man of integrity when he speaks words of affirmation and blessing over her and crowns her a princess during a ceremony for family and friends to attend.
The next class begins each January and is a part of our Youth Ministry.


Welcome to Little Laxers! We are excited you decided to join us and come lax around with us! We are open to all K-2nd graders, as well as new to the game 3rd and 4th graders!
We will have six weeks of fun, while we focus on learning to work together, pass, catch and enjoy the game of Lacrosse! We will spend the beginning working on stick skills with all kinds of mini-game throughout.
Wondering what to bring? Bring your child and some water. No cleats necessary.
All Little Laxers will recieve a T-shirt and a fun, enjoyable experience! So sign up and come try out the game of Lacrosse!


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This viral before-and-after photo shows harrowing damage of California wildfires
The Los Angeles Times shared one specific image in an article Monday, using a slider tool to show the vast difference of Northern California communities before and after wildfires... - photo by Herb Scribner
Before-and-after photos of the widespread destruction caused by the Northern California wildfires circulated on the internet Monday and Tuesday.
The Los Angeles Times shared many of these images in an article Monday, using a slider tool to show the vast difference in the affected communities before and after wildfires raged through, displacing thousands of people from their homes.
This photo appeared several times on social media.
This GIF from CNN shows those two images overlaying each other.
At least 11 people have died and 1,500 buildings and homes have been destroyed because of the fires, according to The Washington Post. More than 100,000 acres have burned across Northern California.
Officials in Sonoma County said theyve received more than 100 calls about missing people, NBC News reported.
Gov. Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency for the affected area of Napa and Sonoma counties, according to NBC News.
Brown also asked for a federal declaration of a major disaster in the Golden State.
Pacific Gas & Electric Company told NBC News that 94,000 customers were without power on Tuesday morning, and 30,000 customers have had their gas shut off.
Residents described their experiences to NBC News.
"It was an inferno like you've never seen before," said Marian Williams of Kenwood, in Sonoma County, to an NBC Bay Area affiliate.


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Кассезе () — имя собственное; распространено в виде фамилий.
 Кассезе, Антонио (1937—2011) — итальянский юрист, специалист по международному праву.
 Кассезе, Сабино (род. 1935) — итальянский юрист и политик, министр государственного управления.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Hubble Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) program is a yearly program for observing each of the outer planets over two full rotations. Observations began with Uranus in 2014, adding Neptune and Jupiter in 2015 (Saturn will be included in 2018, after the end of the Cassini mission). These observations have provided interesting new discoveries in their own right, but are also now being combined with observations from a number of facilities, including NASA's IRTF, Keck, the VLA, as well as the Kepler and Spitzer missions to further expand the breadth of science they contain. This talk will cover the latest observations for each of these planets and what we are learning from these data sets.


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What do you know about the AdWords Smart Display campaigns? This format was launched on 20th April 2017. But still, there are a lot of questions about it. What are the Smart Display campaigns? How to create a new one and what to start from? Obviously, the following type is a great fit for those who aim to start advertising on a GDN (Google Display Network). However, it is relevant if you are already running the display campaigns, but have a lack of time to manage them.
Today we are going to reveal some secrets about this type of advertising via the AdWords service.
What Should You Know About Smart Display Campaigns?
And that's it! You can be sure that Google handles the rest.
Sounds great, right? Let's take a closer look at the each of the following technologies.
With an aim to provide your ad with the best value, the Smart Display campaigns use the so-called Target CPA as a basis. First, you define the target CPA for your campaign. Second, the engine automatically sets the bids for you. If it is a good chance of getting a conversion, it increases the bid. On the contrary, if there is a lower chance, it will set less.
Obviously, the Smart Display campaign contains some kind of combination of the targeting methods. So don't worry, the good old options as remarketing and interest categories, for instance, are there to help you with getting more conversions.
In order to find the best option for you, your Smart Display campaign will try and test each of the targeting methods. For example, if there is an ineffective method, your Smart Display campaign will focus on the other, so your ads could get a better performance. As a result, it will use those, that are more likely to lead you to the target CPA.
Definitely, the following technology is a real time-saver. All you have to do is to add several headlines and descriptions for your future Smart Display ads. Then, you should add the different variations of images and logos and that's all you need at the start. Truly, your Smart Display campaign will do the rest for you. At first, it will mix these assets and will launch a couple of ready-to-do ads. Second, it will test them, in order to pick the best-performing combinations. Important to realize, that an automated ad generator also allows you to use the dynamic ads remarketing.
How To Set Up The Smart Display Campaign?
The first thing to mention, there is a certain number of conversions you need have, in order to run the Smart Display campaign. For the GDN, at least 50 conversions are required, for the Search network you need 100, in the past 30 days.
To start with, go to the 'Campaigns' tab in your account and choose 'Create new Display campaign'. Then, select the necessary option at the 'Drive action' content block. After that, an option to create a Smart Display campaign will appear at the bottom area of the page. Choose this option.
Henceforth, you can choose the location and language for your future Smart Display campaign. Also, you will need to set the target CPA and a sum you want to spend on the campaign on the daily basis.
If you are not sure what budget to set, try 10x-15x of your target CPA bid. Actually, there are many thoughts on how to choose one. But this scheme is considered to be classic. However, it's always up to you and you can try set more or less, in order to find out what works better for your business.
Obviously, it is still highly important to create the relevant ad groups. First of all, each ad group should lead your potential customers to the specialized landing page. It is necessary, as your Smart display campaign will use your landing page to find the potential customer.
For example, you are an apparel online store owner. Surely, you would like to set a group and drive traffic to your main page. However, this tactic may not be the best fit for your business, as your ad groups can be more specific. In other words, if you sell women's clothes, you should have a certain ad group, linking to the women's clothes section on your website. Moreover, if you also sell men's clothes, you should do the same for this section, too. In general, it will help you to bring the most relevant traffic to the certain pages of your website. Obviously, if you want to promote the women's clothing, your images and ad message should be specified to women. As a result, your ads will be shown to the people that are really interested in your product.
Finally, here is a section where you should provide the info for your future campaign. With an aim to get better results, provide several variations of these assets. It will make it a lot easier for your Smart Display campaign to choose the best-performing ads.
Description (up to 70 characters) – Comfortable and stunning women's clothing. Browse a new collection!
Important to realize, that it can't go perfectly right from the start. In other words, it may take a couple of weeks to test and find the best performing ads and targeting options. So wait for a while, before implementing new changes into your Smart Display campaigns. Another key point is that this campaign type doesn't allow creating a campaign level exclusions. To clarify, if you want to exclude any placements, you should do it on an account level. It is a wise trick that prevents the budget loss.
The Smart Display campaign is a great time-saving tool. Furthermore, with minimal effort, you can get the highly relevant traffic to the certain section of your website and increase the conversion rate. In order to get better results, give the several variations of the headline, description, ad image, and logo. It will help the engine to find the best combination for you. However, if you need help with creating or managing your Smart Display campaign, feel free to contact us. Our certified AdWords specialists are always ready to boost up your business.


On Saturday May 31st, WagonWheel Presents… will be joined by Big Convoy at Shakespeares as they launch their brand new mini album The First World Problems Of Big Convoy. Returning to full band action with an all new rhythm section, the band follow up last year's EP Life Is Easy When You Know How with their latest release. The band's guests for the evening will be WagonWheel favourite's The Clench and newcomer Stewis Olfo. Advance tickets priced at £3 are available from http://www.wegottickets.com/event/272615 or entry on the night will be £4. Doors open 8pm.
If you would have walked into 'The Green Room' anytime in 2007, you could have found Mat and John playing songs and partying harder than any jobbing unsigned musicians had a right to. In 2012, with a lot of water under the bridge and whole lot of other stuff too, they finally come good on promises made and are in a band together, a year that also saw them release their self titled debut EP which was followed up with 2013′s "Life Is Easy When You Know How".
Tonight they launch the brand new mini album "The First World Problems Of Big Convoy".
The Clench deliver whiskey-fuelled, blues-swamp-funk-country rock, to put it in a not very small nutshell. The six piece band caused a bit of a stir on the Sheffield live circuit since unleashing their debut EP 'Pain Don't Hurt' which they since followed up with the acclaimed album 'Walking In The Devils Tracks'. They aim to make 'music to ride horses by' and their sound conjures up images of Western desert landscapes and cowboys. They've recently been in the studio working on their next release.
With an anagrammatical name of 'Wisest Fool', based on the nickname of his favourite King (James I), Stewis Olfo tells tales of history as well as of love, lust, tragedy and greed. Songs about events of the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries certainly promise something a little different but are delivered with an entirely modern sound.


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Karine Brunet is the COO of Cloud Infrastructure Services at Capgemini. She offers insight on her career to date and what it's like working for this progressive company.
Prior to joining Capgemini, Karine was at Vodafone where she spent five years working on shared services infrastructure management, but more importantly setting up new capabilities around machine learning, deep learning and artificial intelligence.
Her first job was as Marketing Manager for Service Desk, where she was one of the first women who joined who was not a personal assistant.
"Now people always ask me whether I had a career path. I never had a career path - I always went to work for people and for projects, again being really attracted by transformation opportunities so I have not forged a clear road ahead of me," says Karine.
Karine has enjoyed many proud moments in her career.
"Where I feel really proud of myself is when I work with some people in my team and for coaching and management I manage to develop them and then they get big jobs and they leave a team. I feel sad to see them leave but so proud to have supported them to become who they are," says Karine.
Karine shares some important advice from lessons she's learned over her career.
"I think my advice is be yourself, stay who you are. What is important is not what you know today but the fact that you're going to learn every day and that's how you will get to the next step," says Karine.
"Looking back at my career, my advice for women who are entering into the professional world is that they need to be themselves. When things can hurt, you need to take them with a sense of humor because they're not important and keep on on your objectives and targets."


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Home » Korcula Old Town » The St Mark's Cathedral Korcula
The St Mark's Cathedral Korcula
On the happy assumption that you have decided to visit and stay for a while in our historic town of Korčula in order to learn more about this jewel of the blue Adriatic and of our homeland Croatia, we would like to present you with some essential data before you visit the old town, the cathedral and the episcopal treasury of St Marco (St Marko).
St Mark's Cathedral in Korcula
The name Korčula is derived from the Illyrian-Greek word "Korkyra" meaning "the rock passage". The sharp rocks of Pelješac and the somewhat gentler wooded cliffs of Korčula (Korkyra Melaina), on the far side of the passage through the Pelješac Channel, gave the name to these strategic straits. Although the ancient Croats called the peninsula of Pelješac "Krkar", it lost its original name a long time ago, while Korčula had lost its attribute "Melaina" even in the 3rd century B.C. and was called only Korkyra. Today's name Korčula derives from that old name.
In Hellenic times people could approach Korčula first by land across Pelješac, then across the sea where the passage is very narrow – between Viganj and Kneže. A permanent lookout was on duty in the village of Pupnat to observe the crossing. When the lookout observed smoke from a bonfire in Viganj, he went by boat to bring over the passenger across. Thus Pupnat played an important role in the history of Hellenic Korčula. Before these times, Korčula represented a kind of bridge, together with Pelješac, Lastovo and Palagruža, between the Balkans and the Apennines.
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Archaeological findings confirm that man has inhabited this island for several thousand years. The oldest known inhabitants were the Illyrians. They settled across the whole island, most probably in the second millennium B.C. Many stone ruins ("gradine") and old paths are remnants that mark Illyrian life on the island. They were farmers and cattle-breeders, but they were also pirates taking advantage of the island territory and its waters.
The Greeks began to arrive in Korčula in the 6th century B.C. and maybe even before. They did not come as invaders but as travellers, investigators and merchants. They established colonies at suitable sites and looked for co-existence with the original Illyrian population. They had two colonies on the island: one at the western end near Vela Luka, and another at the eastern tip in Lumbarda. The psephos of Lumbarda, a stone tablet in Greek regulating the relationships between the Greeks and the Illyrians from the 4th century B.C., was excavated here.
The Romans came for the first time to the island in 229 B.C. when their wars with the Illyrians began. According to the writings of the Roman historian Livius, the Illyrians came under Roman rule after their defeat in 167 B.C. The Illyrians then became stronger and continued with pirate attacks on Roman galleys until the terrible invasion of the Roman Emperor Octavianus (in 35 B.C.). He, according to the writings of Appius, had all young men of the islands of Mljet and Korčula killed, while women and children were sold as slaves. A complete Romanization of the island began after these events which were to last until the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 A.D. In this period of over five centuries the Roman way of life was established on the island. Latin was introduced for official use while the rural population of Korčula spoke their own old Dalmatian language. Even today, there are some remnants of this language in the speech and intonation of the people of Korčula.
In 476 A.D. Korčula came under the administrative rule of Byzantium until the middle of the 7th century when the first Slavonic Croat tribes began to arrive from the neighbouring Neretva region. They established their rule over the island in the 9th century assimilating the remnants of the Romans and introducing the Croatian language which was to remain until the present day. However, the Croats from the Neretva region assimilated Christianity from the Romans, as well as many useful customs and traditions developed through the centuries in this area.
Venice was also becoming powerful at that time and beginning its maritime expansion. The doge Petar II Orseolo was the first to conquer Korčula in 1000. From that year until 1420, Korčula changed its rulers several times: Zahumlje, Hungaro-Croatian kings, and then Venice; Dubrovnik for short periods and also the Bosnian rulers.
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From 1420 to 1797, the island was permanently under Venetian rule until the Napoleonic Wars, and then under the Austro-Hungarian Empire from 1815 until 1921, when it became an integral part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), until the Second World War. It was within the communist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1944 until 1990 when the Croatian people decided through a referendum to live freely and independently within its own state of Croatia, "from now to eternity"!
Even before the arrival of the Venetians, the people of Korčula in 1214 created the Statute of their community in order to regulate internal social relationships and to protect their island autonomy. An aristocratic or noble rule was realized through the Rector and Great and Small Councils, and plebeian rule through people's assemblies and brotherhoods. The Korčula Statute is the oldest legal act in Croatia and in the whole of the Balkans for which the inhabitants of Korčula can be justly proud.
St Mark's Cathedral with Episcopal Treasury – photo from the 1900 s
The main economic activities for the inhabitants of Korčula through centuries were agriculture and cattle breeding, but they also used the sea and the woods, as well as the high-quality stone in various quarries as their sources of existence. They would later develop various crafts, especially stone-cutting and shipbuilding in the town of Korčula. Starlati-Coleti, the writers of the famous historical work "Illyricum Sacrum", wrote: "The inhabitants of the island have good characteristics: humanity, honesty, hospitality, talent, a sharp wit for all human and divine disciplines as well as the skills of warfare."
There was no source of water on the island so that it suffered for centuries from the lack of healthy drinking water using only rain-water. The people of Korčula had to defend their rights, autonomy and freedom through many centuries. Thus in the 12th and 13th centuries, they fought the Venetian family Zorzi, the Nemanjići from Zahumlje and neighbouring Dubrovnik. In 1298 a famous naval battle between Genoa and Venice took place in the waters of the Korčula archipelago. The Venetians were defeated and they lost their supreme commander Andrija Dandolo who was buried in Korčula with full honours. Then the famous world traveller Marko Polo was captured and imprisoned as the commander of a galley, and then taken to prison in Genoa where he composed his famous description of the Far East "The Million".
Another big naval battle took place near Korčula on August 24, 1483, when the Venetian fleet conquered the ships of Naples in their struggle for domination over the Mediterranean. The site on which the town of Korčula was built represents a very important strategical point, from which to control the passage of all kinds of ships from the gates of Otranto towards the middle and north Adriatic and vice versa.
The town of Korčula is encircled by a number of islets some of which have been inhabited during the centuries. From the Middle Ages until the middle of the 19th century the nucleus of the town was encircled by high city walls and numerous towers. While the city walls have mostly been pulled down, the towers have been preserved until the present day. The town was first built on its southern part, where the church of All Saints, the arsenal, and the Town Hall are situated. The town was entered through two gates. One of them led over the "Fossa" (a moat) towards the interior of the island and was named "The Big City Gate", while another led towards the city pier and port and was called "The Sea Gate". The town appeared from the sea like one whole piece of stone and unconquerable to an approaching enemy. The ships of the greatest maritime powers used to pass by here: those of Byzantium, the Arabs, the Venetians, the Genoese, the Croatian princes, the Neretvans, Dubrovnik, the Turks, etc. Each of them had their own interests invested in the Pelješac channel which still hides many uncovered secrets.
The heart of the old town is the Piazza with the cathedral of St Marco, which is the most valuable building both of the town and the island of Korčula. Here there are also other famous buildings: the oldest church of St Peter (12th c.), the church of Our Lady (14/15th c.), the bishop's court with the Episcopal Treasury of St Marco. The famous Renaissance palaces of the Arneri and Gabrielis families also face the Piazza. In the corner of the Piazza there is a magnificent stone column (16th c.) with the mast for the city's standard. The Piazza was the place where the orders of the authorities were proclaimed, where public auctions took place, where contracts were concluded, and where court disputes proceeded. Various plays were also performed here such as the famous "Moreška".
The whole town is a unique work of art and a significant cultural monument. It was designed according to well-laid plans and was executed as a unique architectural and urban whole. It was built largely in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries when its silhouette became final.
Entering the town by the new staircase (19th c.) through the square tower, we come to the small square in front of the Town Hall (16th c.) and the church of St Michael (17th c.), the political centre of the town. The votive chapel of Our Lady of the Snows and of St Bartholomew is situated in one corner of the square immortalizing the naval battle of 1483. The Renaissance courtroom and the hall of the Greater Council are also situated here. Nearby there was the arsenal, for storing of weapons and ammunition for the defence of the town and the equipment of ships; also the Rector's court (which no longer exists), the Renaissance building of the community surgeon, the "fontic" (granary), the fish market, the slaughterhouse, the community cistern, etc.
Archdeacon Antun Rozanović came to fame when he organized the defence of the town from the Turkish fleet commanded by the Algerian vice-roy Uluz-Ali on August 15, 1571. The enemy started to shoot at the town with big guns both from the land and from the sea. The town was defended by only 154 soldiers, among whom there were women, while on the opposite side there were about 2.000 Turks. The archdeacon raised the chapter's flag with the golden cross on the top of the cathedral's bell-tower and asked old people and children to pray in the cathedral for God's help in front of the miraculous image of Our Lady of the Island. Suddenly a storm broke out and smashed some of the Turkish galleys against the rocks, while others were destroyed by the guns from the city walls. They were forced to retreat towards the peninsula of Pelješac near Viganj. The famous Croatian poet Andrija Kačić-Miošić wrote these verses about that battle:
"On the day of the annunciation of Mary
Great tokens appeared,
The bright sky was opened
And something spoke from the sky:
Do not be afraid, the people of Korčula,
Because the Catalans will not conquer you
Our Virgin Mary will defend you
Who is your Helper."
The church of St Michael, which has been restored several times, was built at the beginning of the 15th century. It is also the seat of the youngest brotherhood of Our Lady of Consolation from 1603. Its rich inventory: historical documents, objets d'art, huge processionary candles ("torci"), and valuables are all kept in the restored hall of the Brotherhood which is connected with the church by two small stone bridges across the street.
On this square, the triumphal arch of Leonardo Foscolo, the famous Venetian army leader, was erected. This magnificent triumphal arch next to the entrance tower "Big Leverin" dates from 1650 when Foscolo became famous for his successes in the Candian wars. As we move from the cathedral and look to the left and the right we see the floral Gothic and Renaissance facades of buildings from the 15th and 16th centuries.
Korčula, as the administrative, cultural and community centre of the whole island, had its rectors (998 – 1793) and bishops (1300 – 1802). Various crafts, shipbuilding, stone cutting, maritime affairs and various trades flourished during its history. The most recent areas of contemporary Korčula, outside the old city nucleus, extend to the east as far as St Anthony at the top of the hill, and to the west as far as Žrnovska Banja, forming a 4 km long suburban area.
St Mark's Cathedral
THE CATHEDRAL OF ST MARCO
The cathedral church of St Marco is situated at the top of the small peninsula. It seems that there was an earlier cathedral church because the Korčula diocese was established in 1300, and an archival document mentions the cemetery and a hermit's dwelling on the site. The town itself lay around the church of All Saints, the arsenal building, and the Town Hall. A stone fragment of the Early Croatian interlacing-ribbon pattern was found during the renovation of the old pier. This is probably a fragment from the first small church of St Marco from the 9th/10th century. There were also about 90 tombs in the church.
The oldest parts of the Cathedral are their three Romanesque apses and the lower parts of the Romanesque bell-tower. The present cathedral was built during the 15th century, while the chapel of St. Rocco was built in the 16th century. The most well-known builders were: Hranić Dragoševic, Bonino from Milan, Jakov Correr, Ratko Ivančić, Ratko Brajković, Krševan Bogdanić, Andrija Marković, Marko Andrijić, etc. Building went on over a long period of time because there was not always money enough to continue. Quarries and stone workshops were on the islets of Vrnik and Planjak. Cvito Fiskovic from the Croatian Academy of Arts wrote the first monograph about the cathedral: "Several generations of builders and stonemasons worked on the cathedral and each of them left the signs of their own time. The first generations at the beginning of the 15th century gave it Romanesque firmness and stability of construction. The second generation in the middle of the 15th century ornamented it with stone decorations that are solid and mathematically calculated at the base of the building and free and flamboyant at the top. The third generation with Andrijić at the head at the end of the 15th century introduced into the cathedral the purity of the new Renaissance style, while the next generation could only introduce while repairing, the luxuriance of the Baroque forms, but in detail only."
The building of the fourth apse of St. Rocco began in 1525 and was completed later according to the ideas of Marko Pavlović with the intention of fulfilling the vow to St. Rocco, the protector against contagious diseases. The facade of the cathedral with its various styles speaks about the golden age of stone masonry and those building skills in the town and the island of Korčula, which influenced the building of other Dalmatian towns. The styles progress from Romanesque art, through Gothic, floral Gothic, Renaissance and, in some nuances, to Baroque.
A rich portal with flamboyant columns, the figures of Adam and Eve, lions, and above them St Marco the Evangelist – the protector of the town of Korčula – is the outstanding feature of the facade of the cathedral. There is a magnificent rosette with four heads of old people above the portal, while at the very end there is a well-sculptured gable with blind arches filled with shells and supported by small lion heads. There is a cone as an acroterium at the top. The tombs of bishops Nikola Nikoničić and the rector Antun Leoni were placed above the portal of St Rocco.
The bell tower of St Mark's Cathedral in Korcula
The bell-tower of the cathedral is also stylistically varied. In the base, there is a solid door under the arch, above which there are various windows-openings, decorative cornices, the clock and ball indicating the phases of the moon. At the very top stands the Gothic-Renaissance lantern. Already in 1432, the bells in the bell-tower were ringing, though the bell-tower was completed in 1483. A winding staircase leads to the organ and further on to the top of the bell-tower. Four impressive bells are situated there which ring in A-major. These bells were purchased in Venice in 1923, but there are two smaller bells for ringing the hours from the 16th century.
Entering the cathedral of St Marco we notice a richness of harmony and perfection of stone forms: a holy-water font, elegant columns with capitals, Gothic vaults, a ciborium, altars, a baptismal font, a pulpit, the sarcophagus of bishop Malumbra, the sacristy portal, etc. The ceiling of the Gothic aisle has wooden joists made by skilful shipbuilders of Korčula. The upper Gothic windows in the main aisle have been renovated. In the middle aisle above the vault there are Renaissance distyles as the opening of the galleries. The irregularity of the layout derives from the parallelism of all the streets from the southern city wall towards the north. It also derives from the intention of the builders to use the three apses and the bell-tower from a previous church. In 1406, the Korčula bishop Nikola made a contract with the master builder Hranić Dragošević to build the church and the bell-tower during the time of "Ladislav, by God's grace king of Hungary, Apulia, Dalmatia and Croatia". Three aisles are the continuation of three earlier apses and they are separated by elegant round stone columns and half-columns dominated by chiselled capitals, vaulted arches. The symbols of four evangelists are represented in stone on the half-capitals.
At the very entrance to the church, there is a stone holy-water font (14th c.). A small column on a Romanesque base holds a round grooved bowl for water. In the left-hand corner near the main door, there is the baptismal font of rector Giustinian from 1604. A monumental ciborium, erected by Marko Andrijić in 1486 made of stone from the islet of Vrnik, dominates the central aisle above the main altar.
This is the most valuable work of art by the outstanding Korčula and Croatian sculptor Marko Andrijić. The square ceiling in the form of a pyramid on three layers rests on four round columns. On the facade of architraves, there are statues of Our Lady and the archangel Gabriel with the Latin inscription: "Hail Mary, full of grace." We can find similar ciboriums in the churches of Rome and Apulia, and in the cathedrals of Trogir, Kotor, Zadar, Rab, and in Korčula in All Saints church. Marko Andrijić introduced the Renaissance to Korčula with this work.
The door of the sacristy attracts visitors with its Gothic portal. The richness of the motives and figures prove the influence of the floral Gothic from southern Italy. The upper threshold is richly decorated with Christ's monogram and fantastic vegetative decorations. It lies against the door-jambs which have at the top two boy-musicians. The left one plays the drum and bagpipes, the basic instruments in the play of "kumpanjija" in the old settlements on the island of Korčula. In the lunette above the architraves there is the figure of the archangel Michael piercing the devil with his right hand while holding a pair of scales in his left hand measuring souls. This sacristal portal was most probably built in later, during the time of the building of St. Rocco's chapel. As St. Michael is the keeper of tombs, this door was probably the side door of the cathedral through which one exited to the cemetery. The conclusion is that this door was most probably taken from an older church (14th c.)
Tintoretto painting from 1550
Under Andrijić's ciborium, there is the main altar holding the relics of St. Theodore the martyr from Rome. They were brought to Korčula in 1736, while the gilt sarcophagus for the relics was made in 1858. The painting of the main altar shows St. Marco, the writer of the second Gospel, St. Jeronime, the protector of Dalmatia and the translator of the Bible into Latin, and St. Bartolomew, the apostle. All three are protectors of the town. The painting is attributed to the famous Tintoretto from 1550.
In the apse of the southern aisle (St Jacob's), there is a Renaissance-Baroque altar with the painting of St Trinity above the apostles. The bishop on his knees at the bottom of the painting is the Korčula donor, Teodor Diedo, who renovated this altar in 1622 and decorated it with the painting. The painting is attributed to Leonardo Bassano (1557-1622). Near this altar, next to the southern wall, the Renaissance sarcophagus of bishop Toma Malumbra was built in.. This bishop is meritorious for the building and completion of the cathedral; he was bishop in Korčula for 50 years. He died in Korčula in 1513 and his bones were transferred to Venice in 1610. His successor Nikola Nikoničić had this sarcophagus built, and at the end of the 18th century the remnants of Korčula bishops Marin Drago and Vinko Kosović were buried there. A very old icon, Our Lady with the Child from the 13th century, was moved to this aisle from the Franciscan church in Badija. Its gilt Renaissance frame is the work of goldsmiths from Dubrovnik in the 16th century. This icon was set in silver in the 15th century. Nearby there is another valuable composition, attributed to Tintoretto's school of painting from 1545. Next to the southern wall there is the Baroque altar of St. Anthony which belonged to the family Španić. Next to the door of St. Jacob's aisle, votive spears, halberds from the battle between the ships of Venice and Naples in 1483 are exhibited, together with cannon balls from 1571 during the attack of Uluz-Ali, as the stone tablet in Latin says. There is also the sculpture of Christ under the Cross, the work of the contemporary local sculptor Lujo Lozica.
In the wall under the window, the fragment of God's Lamb, found during the restoration of the shrine, is built in. This is the oldest piece of stone decoration in the cathedral. On the left side of the ciborium there is a wall niche which served as the tabernacle until 1791. Now there is the book inside for solemn readings, with covers of red Moroccan leather decorated with golden arabesques and jewels – the gift of the Moroccan queen in 1954.
The northern aisle next to the main altar is devoted to St John. There stands the stone altar devoted to St John the Evangelist and St John the Baptist. Above the Baroque table for Mass, the Renaissance altar was erected with two columns with Corinthian capitals. It is evident from the coat-of-arms above the altar that the Giunio family had the patronage. Near the sacristy portal, there is a bronze statue of St Blaise, the work of the foremost Croatian artist Ivan Meštrović.
The fourth aisle was skilfully added to the cathedral in the 16th century in order to put the town under the protection of St. Rocco, to avoid the contagious diseases including the plague which raged at that time. It was built in the Gothic-Renaissance style according to the concept of Marko Pavlović Milić during the time of bishop Nikola Nikoničić at the beginning of 1525.
In 1576, the local master Frano Čučić first built the gilt altar and decorated it with figures of saints in wood: St. Rocco, St. Cosmas and St. Damian, and the figure of Our Lady of Health. In the 18th century, Jeronime Picco built the present magnificent Baroque altar instead of the old damaged one.
On the neighbouring altar of Our Lady of Carmel, there is the triptych painting by the Venetian painter Carlo Ridolfi from 1642. The Baroque table for Mass and three half-columns bear the end architrave with Baroque arches resting on top. There are also paintings of St Peter, St Fabian and St Sebastian.
The oldest altar in the aisle of St. Rocco stands next to the wall of the bell-tower and is devoted to the Three Kings. Above the stone altar table, a second wooden Renaissance gilt altar of an unknown master is erected. The altar was mentioned in 1613, and its silver mount dates from 1726. Our Little Lady – the Reverence of Three Kings is painted in the Byzantine style. On the ground-floor of the bell-tower lies the 15th/16th century baptismal font above which Christ in bronze stands. This is the work of the well-known Korčula and Croatian sculptor from Lumbarda, Frano Kršinić. On the wall of the baptismal chamber there are: a miniature Our Lady by I. Kerdić, a Pieta by I. Meštrović, Christ's body by M. Radica, St George's relief by T. Ivančević, the figure of John the Baptist by I. Oreb, and two angels (doorframe) by V. Fabris. The south side of the bell-tower is covered by the pulpit; a copy of an older one. The stone-mason F. Šteka made it between the first and second world wars. From both sides of the aisle of St Rocco there are choir stalls dating from 1796, by the master from Brač V. Tironi.
The roofed-over stairway is erected much too high for liturgical purposes. The first organ in the cathedral was provided in 1556. Numerous repairs were completed during the 16th and 17th centuries. Then in the 18th century, a thunderbolt struck the bell-tower twice and damaged the organ. A new organ was commissioned around 1800 but it also disappeared. The present organ is from the middle of the 19th century.
According to the opinions of some well-known musicians, Korčula cathedral can be proud of its excellent acoustics. The best acoustics are obtained in the presbitery in front of the ciborium. There, the whole cathedral with its stone decorations is transformed into an unique musical instrument of a most grand tone, thus proving its exceptional quality and refinement.
THE EPISCOPAL TREASURY OF ST MARCO
Episcopal treasury of St Mark's Cathedral
If you climb from the cathedral square to the first floor of the old bishop's palace (which dates from the 14th century, and had its present facade added in the 17th century) you will find yourself in the Episcopal Treasury. It is a church museum founded in 1954 by don Ivo Matijaca, the long-serving senior priest of the church of St Marco. The exhibits are arranged in the dwelling of the Korčula bishops according to the concept of Professor Ljubo Babić. He separated them into several different rooms following various stylistic periods in the history of art.
The most valuable section of the exhibits belongs to the inventory of the cathedral church. Some articles belonged to local rich families, and it all represents the cultural inheritance of the town of Korčula. There are items here, collected indefatigably by don Ivo Matijaca outside our town with the purpose of presenting them to the public and preserving them for the future. There are examples of both sacral and secular significance, and they range from the 3rd century B.C. to the 20th century A.D.. Climbing the steps to the Treasury we immediately notice the statue of St Marco by M. Radica; the necklace of Mother Theresa, which was given to her by the town of Calcutta on the occasion of her receiving the Nobel Prize for peace in 1979, and which she gave to the town of Korčula.. There is here a Persian rug and a collection of small domestic icons from the 15th to the 19th centuries, as well as a collection of drawings and illustrations from the 16th to the 20th centuries. In the wall-cabinet there is part of a Byzantine cross from the 6th century and other small works of art in metal from the 14th to the 18th centuries.
The first hall represents old Dalmatian and Croatian Gothic and Renaissance art, and includes a series of paintings by Dalmatian and Dubrovnik painters from the 15th to the 16th centuries, as well as various manuscripts, ceremonial and legal books, and registries from the 12th to the 16th centuries. There are incunabula, and old printed books from the 15th to the 19th centuries, and votive ornaments from the 17th to the 19th century. There is also the Baroque bishop's private chapel with cathedral reliquaries from the 16th to the 20th century, and a stone fragment of the Early Croatian interlaced-ribbon pattern (9th/10th c.). The outstanding exhibit here is the polyptych Our Lady with Saints, the master-piece of the Croatian painter Blaž Jurjev Trogiranin, a priceless work of art from 1434. The painting Our Little Lady is also attributed to him. On the opposite wall there is the painting "Our Lady Breast-feeds Jesus", by Ivan Ugrinović, a Dubrovnik painter of the beginning of the 15th century. St Damian by an unknown author, as well as other paintings of the Dubrovnik school from the 15th and 16th centuries also hang here. Two paintings attributed to Pellegrino da San Daniele from the 16th century with a series of saintly figures can also be seen. This painter from Udine derives his origin from Zagreb.
In the china cabinets next to the walls there are historical documents of the town: registry books, Directorium Episcoporum, The Statute of the Korčula Chapter, then the Korčula Codex from the 17th century on parchment, Korčula graduals from the 17th century, the Korčula book of sacraments from the 15th century, a hymn-book of the All Saints brotherhood from the 14th century, neumes from the 12th century, and other codexes, incunabula and books.
The wall-cabinet holds gold and silver articles made by local and Venetian masters, the property of Korčula cathedral from the 15th to the 19th centuries: Gothic chalices, chandeliers, a censer, bowls for oil, etc. Another china cabinet exhibits gifts in gold and crosses worn by Korčula bishops and senior priests from the 15th to the 19th centuries. An interesting exhibit is an old voting box. The china cabinet in the middle of the room guards sketches and drawings of the human body by great masters of Italian and German Renaissance and Baroque periods (16th to 18th c.): Da Vinci, Raphael, Giacomo Palma, Tiepolo, Johann Grund (1880), etc. The carvings in wood are also worth mentioning: Christ's head by an unknown master, and the statue of St Jacob, most probably the work of local master Frano Čučić.
The private chapel of Korčula bishops (from the 17th century) reminds us that 36 bishops lived and worked in our town from 1300 to 1828 when the Korčula diocese was abolished and joined with the Dubrovnik diocese.
The second hall belongs to the Italian Renaissance. It has an in-built 15th century Gothic distyle from the workshop of the building master Andrijić. On the walls around, works of art from the 15th and 16th centuries are exhibited, attributed to well-known masters or their school of art: Titian's Holy Conversation, Veronese's Annunciation, Carpaccio's Portrait of a Young Man, Bellini's (or G. da Santa Croce's ?) Portrait of a Knight; the schools of Tintoretto and J. da Todi are also represented. In the corner there is the painting of Sarah with Ismael in the Desert, of the Flemish school from the 15th century; the Tree of Life, three mysteries of Christ's life in alabaster from Nottingam (15th c.); as well as the statuette of Mary Stuart in ivory (1600), and other smaller works of art.
There is here also a cabinet which shows a number of old European medals from the 15th to the 19th centuries. The outstanding examples are the bronze medal of Catarina Sforza from the 15th century and the silver medal Redemption by H. Erhardt from the 16th century. The cabinet in the middle of the room contains a numismatics collection encompassing: Hellenic, Roman, the Middle Ages, Byzantium, Venice, and Dubrovnik times. The oldest exhibits are two coins of the Greek colony Korkira on the island of Korčula from the 4th century B.C. Metal coins of modern states are also exhibited here in bronze, silver, and gold.
The third Baroque hall exhibits items from the 17th to the 19th centuries. The bishop's throne of Vicko Tironi from Brač is in the middle, and the coat-of-arms of Korčula bishops and ssenior priests are displayed on the top of the walls around the hall. On the floor there are four big chandeliers by Andrija Brustoloni from the 18th century. On the walls around, the portraits of Korčula bishops are exhibited: Španić (by Tripo Kokolja), Kosirić, canon Andrijić, Geričić. The works of the following painters can be found here: Lampi, de Longhi, Pončun, Benković, Bergant, Layer, Magnasco, Dolci, and others.
In the central cabinet there are seals of the Korčula bishops, papal medals, votive plaques, modern European medals, etc. The cupboard next to the wall exhibits small silver, majolica, china, and glass for household use, of Napolitan, English, French and German provenances.
Modern Croatian art encompasses the 19th and 20th century and it is exhibited in the fourth hall. You can admire the paintings, sculptures, medallions and medals of various Croatian authors such as: Ljubo Babić, Celestin Medović, Miroslav Kraljević, Ivo Dulčić, Bruno Bulić, Đuro Pulitika, Edo Murtić, Ivan Meštrović, Ivo Kerdić, as well as the painters and sculptors from Korčula: Vinko Fabris, Izvor Oreb, Frano Kršinić, Aljoša Minakov, Stipe Nobilo and others. Outstanding medals of sacred and secular contents are those by I. Kerdić.
In the fifth, smaller hall especially valuable are the church vestments from the 14th to the 18th century. This is one of the best preserved Gothic and Renaissance collections of religious clothing in Dalmatia encompassing the dress of bishops, priests and deacons. They are made of precious materials: brocade, damast, silk, etc. These artistic works in textile are embroidered with gold, silver and multi-coloured silk. The majority of the exhibited vestments belonged to the cathedral church of St Marco which has always been well equipped with all necessary liturgic attire. There are here: chasubles (15th c.), dalmatics (15th c.), mantles, mitres, medals (14th/15th c.), the chasuble and the mantle of bishop M. Drago, the chasuble of bishop Nikola Španić, as well as the sets of gold and brocade attire purchased in Venice in the 17th century. The red velvet mantle embroidered with gold originates from Czechoslovakia from 1916.
In the courtyard of the Treasury, there is a collection of stone fragments from the 14th to the 17th centuries, as well as a cistern from the 13th century. The most outstanding fragment is the top of Andrijić's ciborium which served as a baptismal font and also as a support for an old pulpit. Here there are some bishop's and family coat-of-arms as well as the oldest inscription written in the Croatian language in our town from 1606.
In the vestibule there are some Roman amphoras next to a Gothic wash-basin, and a collection of old Turkish and other guns from 1571: a votive gift to the cathedral. There is an old kitchen on the ground-floor next to the chapter library and archives. The kitchen contains a large collection of Roman ceramics from the 1st century A.D., pottery from the Middle Ages, dishes from the 15th century, and china from the 18th/19th centuries. A number of dishes and devices for kitchen and household use have been collected and brought here from old houses in Korčula; they lie around the hearth.
There is so much to see at the Episcopal Treasury and we hope you will come to the conclusion that you have just visited one of the most precious exhibitions of our cultural and artistic heritage.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER SIGHT-SEEING
In the cathedral square you can visit the oldest church in Korčula, St Peter's. Its present appearance dates from the 14th century. There are numerous tombs in it according to the old custom. Around the walls you will see the wooden statues of apostles and evangelists, the work of Andrija Brustoloni from the 18th century. Some time ago these statues were set in the distyles of the cathedral as decorations.
Behind this church in the north-east direction, there is the house of the Depolo family with the belvedere-tower "Marko Polo". Nearby is also the hall of the brotherhood St Rocco with a valuable liturgic and historical inventory. Another church, near the cathedral, is called Gospojina and is devoted to Our Immaculate Lady. It is built in the Gothic-Renaissance style and was already mentioned in the 14th century. It was earlier a chapel and the vault of the Ismaelis and Gabrielis families, and even before that it had belonged to bishop Malumbra. The tomb of the brave defender of Korčula against Uluz-Ali in 1571, Antun Rozanović, is also there. Together with the tabernacle transferred from the cathedral in 1796. There is also a large mosaic by the Dutch artist Luis Schrikhel from the Hague.
Facing the Treasury there is the Renaissance palace of the Gabrielis dating from the beginning of the 16th century where the Korčula Museum is situated. It houses Hellenic and medieval inscriptions in stone, and prehistoric objects. The shipbuilding and stone-cutting workshops of Korčula are also represented here. Upstairs there is the hall that contains much precious written material from the 15th to the 18th centuries, as well as items that illustrate the artistic heritage of our town.
In the southeast area of the old town the 13th century church of All Saints from the is situated. Its present appearance is from the 16th and 17th centuries. It seems to have been the first parish church in this town. The first Korčula bishop Ivan Križić founded in it the brotherhood of flagellants. It shows both the liturgical life of the town, and the social care of its inhabitants. It is rich in artistic works and objects.
A stone ciborium was erected above the altar at the beginning of the 16th century. Behind the altar the Baroque wooden composite Pieta is exhibited. This is attributed to the Austrian master Raffael Donner from the 18th century. It depicts the dead Christ in the hands of angels and Our Lady of Sorrows. During the Sundays of Lent, believers gather here to pray. On the right side of the altar there is the beautiful polyptych by Blaž Jurjev Trogiranin from the 15th century showing the passion: the wounded Christ, Our Lady, St. John, and All Saints brothers in adoration of the Passion and the Cross. There are paintings of other saints and protectors of the brotherhood as well as the apostles. On the left side of the altar there is a big cross of the Crete school from the 15th century, a magnificent combination of wood-engraving, painting and gilding. The altar of St Joseph belonged to the guild of shipbuilders from 1623. On the tessellated gilt ceiling there is a series of Baroque paintings: the mystery of the rosary, the evangelists, prophets, propagators of the faith with the big canvas, the Coronation of Our Lady at the centre. The whole composition was painted by the Dalmatian painter Tripo Kokolja at the end of the 17th century.
Next to the church the house of the brotherhood with the museum-hall is situated. It exhibits historical objects of the brotherhood, liturgical inventory for solemn processions, and a collection of valuable icons of the Crete school. The icons are war trophies from the Cretan wars (1645-1669) between Venice and Turkey when a Korčula galley with its crew took part. The icons originate from the 14th to the 17th centuries. Of special value are the silver cross by the Dubrovnik goldsmith Ivan Progonović from the middle of the 15th century, and the great painting of the Last Supper from the 17th century by an anonymous author. This brotherhood and its head ("gastald") has always played a significant role in the public affairs of our town.
The Dominican monastery of St Nicolas was built at the western end of the town in the 15th century.. This building was destroyed by fire during the siege of Uluz-Ali in 1571 but it was renovated in 1600 when another aisle was added to the church. One altar exhibits the painting of St Peter the Martyr, and another St Dominic by our Baroque painter Matija Pončun from the middle of the 17th century.
The eastern part of the town is dominated by the Mount of St Anthony with its hermitage from the 14th/15th centuries. Reliefs of St Anthony the Hermit and St Anthony of Padua are built into the wall of the neighbouring house. The church holds the tomb of the Korčula bishop Nikola Španić from the beginning of the 18th century. Bishop Španić had the alley of cypresses planted and the stone staircase to the top of the mount erected. During Illyrian times there was a "gradina" here, one of their stone fortifications. From this mount, there is a marvelous view both of the sea and the gentle surroundings.
The archipelago of islets, seen from this mount, also belongs to the town of Korčula. The best-known islets are Majsan, Sutvara and Kamenjak, and especially the biggest islet of Badija well-known for its Benedictine, and later Franciscan monastery. Many preserved monuments on these islets attract our attention with their historical and artistic significance.
The cathedral of St Marco, the Episcopal Treasury and all the other churches, collections, museums, archives, and the halls of the brotherhoods make our town of Korčula an "open museum", an original cultural monument which offers not only recreation but an unique cultural atmosphere. Man here has created refined forms of human knowledge on the basis of the natural values of the sky, land and sea. Our famous poet from the 16th century Ivan Vidali expressed this in verse: "World ornament, famous Korčula". We hope that you will think of it in the same thing after visiting our rich natural and cultural heritage.
Author: Don Božo Baničević,
Translated from Croatian by Živan Filippi, Ph.D.
English version edited by Celia Irving
Directorium episcoporum (the archive of the Parish Office)
P. Dimitri: Descrizione di tutte le chiese in Curzola
V. Foretić: Otok Korčula do g. 1420, Korčula u doba P. Kanavelića, Presjeci kroz prošlost Korčule (zbornik 2)
C. Fisković: Korčulanska katedrala, Urbanističko usavršavanje Korčule Kanavelićeva vremena
P. Lisičar: Crna Korkira
A. Stipčević: Iliri
M. Gjivoje: Otok Korčula
A. Fazinić: Opatska riznica sv. Marka u Korčuli, Stambena arhitektura Korčule od 14. do 16. stoljeća, Utjecaj Korčulanskog statuta na izgradnju grada Korčule
B. Baničević: Imena župa na otoku Korčuli
I. Matijaca: Bratovština sv. Roka
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