text:
\section{Introduction}

The stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) is defined as the starting
mass distribution of a stellar population. A large number of studies
have targeted its shape and possible universality \citep[see
e.g.][]{kro02,lar06,kro07,bas10}. It has important implications in the
formation and evolution of galaxies as it affects the chemical
enrichment process and determines the stellar mass content of
galaxies. The seminal work of \citet{salp55} assumed a single power
law distribution between the upper ($\sim$100-120M$_\odot$) and lower mass
cutoffs (0.07M$_\odot$). More recently, the ``local IMF'' has been
constrained in more detail, with a turnover at lower masses
\citep{and08}, and a characteristic mass around
$\sim$1M$_\odot$\citep{lar98}.

Constraining the IMF outside our Galaxy is a challenging task. Data
from unresolved stellar populations are very degenerate with respect
to their properties such as age, metallicity or dust
content. Furthermore, changes in the low-mass end of the IMF do not
translate into significant changes of the photo-spectroscopic
observables, mainly because of the small contribution from low-mass
stars to the net luminosity budget of a galaxy. However, changes in
the low-mass end of the IMF result in measurable changes of the total
stellar mass of a given population. Therefore, any attempt at
constraining the low-mass end of the IMF requires an independent
measure of the stellar mass content of the galaxy. \citet{cap06}
compared the kinematic data from a number of SAURON early-type
galaxies with dynamical models, and concluded that a single power law
for the IMF (\`a la Salpeter) was ruled out. Using gravitational
lensing in the inner, baryon-dominated, regions of early-type
galaxies, \citet{fsb08} showed that a Salpeter IMF produced too much
stellar mass compared to the lensing mass within the same region. In
this paper we extend the gravitational lensing analysis and the
modelling work, to give a more quantitative constraint on the low-mass
end of the IMF. We study in this letter a nearby strong lens, the
Einstein Cross \cite[Q2237+0305][]{EC85}, combining high resolution
NIR imaging with HST/NICMOS and a deep spectrum of the lensing galaxy
taken with the VLT, using the FORS1 instrument, to constrain the
properties of the stellar populations.

The reason for choosing this lens is the exceptionally low redshift
(z=0.04) of the lensing galaxy.  This has two advantages.  First, it
helps increase the signal-to-noise. Second, and even more important,
the low lens redshift makes a strong lens from the innermost and
densest part of the galaxy.  The mass-to-light ratio is close to unity
in the lensing region (see Figures 1 and 2 below).  In other words,
the lens is dominated by stars, and hence particularly well-suited to
constraining the IMF.  In contrast, typical galaxy lenses contain a
significant dark-matter contribution.

A different approach using lensing galaxies has been recently taken by
\cite{treu10} and \cite{aug10}. Rather than choosing a single lens
with minimal dark matter and maximal signal-to-noise, they choose a
large sample of lenses, and attempt to subtract off the dark matter by
fitting dark-matter profiles based on simulations.  Their results
favour a Salpeter IMF.  However, a caveat in the method \cite[as noted
by][]{treu10} is that if the assumed dark-matter profile is slightly
too shallow, the stellar mass will be systematically overestimated,
and a ``heavy'' IMF derived.  If this is in fact the case, that would
explain the apparent contradiction with the \cite{fsb08} result, which
excludes a Salpeter IMF for a subset of the same galaxies.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=3.1in]{ECPaper_f1.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Cumulative lensing mass profile (shaded region) and
    luminosity (dots). 90\% confidence levels shown. Notice the
    butterfly-shape of the uncertainty for lensing mass, which
    is minimal at the position on the lens plane of the
    images of the background source. The inset shows
    a contour map of the F160W HST/NICMOS image. At the lens position
    1 arcsec maps into 0.77~kpc. The arrow points North, the small
    segment from the base of the arrow points East.
   \label{fig:prof}}
 \vskip-0.1in
\end{figure}

\section{Constraining the IMF}
In order to constrain the low-mass end of the IMF, we need to combine
stellar population synthesis with an independent estimate of total
mass in a system whose total mass content is preferrably (but not
necessarily) dominated by the stellar mass. We note that even though
baryonic, non-stellar matter (e.g. gas and dust) will contribute to
the mass budget, the constraints on the IMF imposed in this letter go
in the sense that rejected choices of the IMF predict {\sl more}
stellar mass than the total mass determined by the lens geometry.  We
use strong gravitational lensing as the independent estimator of
mass. Kinematics-based methods have been used recently to quantify
the total mass in the inner regions of galaxies \citep[see
e.g.][]{cap06,coc09}. However, such methods rely on a particular
definition of the dynamical system.

The lens is modelled using the {\em PixeLens\/} method
\citep{sw04,coles08}, whereby the projected
mass distribution is reconstructed as a pixellated mass map, which
is not limited to any parametric form \citep[cf.][]{trott10} but can
be any non-negative distribution subject to the following prior
conditions.  (i)~The mass map is symmetric under a $180^\circ$
rotation about the centre of brightness.  (ii)~The local density
gradient must point no more than $45^\circ$ away from the centre,
which is assumed to coincide with the light peak. (iii)~No pixel,
except the central one, is allowed to be more than twice the mean of
its neighbours.  (iv)~The circular average of the projected density,
falls off as $R^{-1/2}$ or steeper.  In other words, the effective
three-dimensional mass profile should be $\propto r^{-3/2}$ or
steeper.

The above requirements do not give a unique mass map, because
solutions of the lens equation are highly non-unique
\citep{fal85,pras00,lie08}.  Accordingly, the possible ``model space''
is sampled by an ensemble of 300 models.  A useful property of the
ensemble, due to the linear nature of the observational and prior
constraints, is that the ensemble average is also a valid model; for
comparisons of ensemble averages with individual models in {\em
  PixeLens,} see Figures~7 and 8 in \cite{sw06}.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=3.1in]{ECPaper_f2.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Predicted H-band mass to light ratio combining the analysis of the
    lensing data and the luminosity profile of the lens. The dot corresponds
    to the value chosen in this paper to constrain the stellar M/L, with
    mean and standard deviation as labelled.
    \label{fig:profML}}
\vskip-0.1in
\end{figure}

For this study, we select the Einstein Cross \citep{EC85}, where the
bulge of a barred Sab galaxy at z=0.0394 acts as a lens, generating a
quadruple image of a background z=1.695 QSO. Our reference image is
taken from the CASTLES survey\footnote{\tt http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/castles}.
It is a 384 second exposure with NIC2/HST through passband F160W.  The
lensing analysis only uses the redshifts of the QSO and of the lens,
along with the QSO image positions to constrain the surface mass
density on the lens plane. The NICMOS image is also used to
reconstruct the surface brightness profile of the lens. We use GALFIT
\citep{galfit} in order to remove the unresolved images of the
background QSO \citep[see][for details]{lfsf10}. Figure~\ref{fig:prof}
shows the cumulative mass and H-band luminosity profiles of the
lens. The uncertainties in lensing mass and luminosity are given by
the shaded region and errorbars, respectively. Notice the lens
geometry allows us to constrain in detail the cumulative mass within
$R\lower.5ex\hbox{$\; \buildrel < \over \sim \;$} 0.75$~kpc, roughly around one effective radius (top axis).

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=3.1in]{ECPaper_f3.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{The 68, 95 and 99\% confidence levels in metallicity
    and average age are shown for the $\tau$ models described in the text,
    using the P\'egas\'e-HR (High Resolution) library.
    The greyscale corresponds to an IMF with slope
    $\Gamma=+1.35$ (i.e. Salpeter), whereas the lines represent the
    other extreme explored in this paper ($\Gamma=-1.4$).
   \label{fig:chi1}}
\vskip-0.1in
\end{figure}

The range of lens models has a characteristic butterfly shape, which
can be understood as follows.  For a pure Einstein ring, the enclosed
mass $M(<R)$ is perfectly constrained at the Einstein ring, but
degenerate at any other radius.  Now, the prior allows mass profiles
ranging from $R^{-1/2}$ to a point mass, hence $M(<R)$ can range from
$R^{3/2}$ to flat.  The maximal and minimal values of steepness,
combined with the Einstein-radius constraint, shape the allowed range
of models. In practice, because real lenses are not pure Einstein
rings, the range of models is not quite so extreme, but retains the
butterfly shape.
The inset shows the H-band frame of the lens and quasar images along
with their standard identifications. The mass and luminosity profiles
are compared to obtain the H-band mass-to-light ratio ($\Upsilon_{\rm
  H}$), as shown in figure~\ref{fig:profML}, including the uncertainty
as a shaded region. The point where the errorbar is smallest is chosen
to constrain the low-mass end of the IMF. The figure shows that within
this region, the lensing galaxy has an average $\Upsilon_{\rm
  H}=1.19\pm 0.16$ (90\% confidence level).

Our next step involves the construction of a large number of composite
stellar populations, following an exponentially decaying star formation
history. Hence, each model is characterised by the
formation epoch, decay timescale and metallicity. We also need to
consider different sets of models for a number of choices of the IMF.
Notice these are composite models and not simple stellar populations
(SSPs), therefore giving more robust mass-weighted
values. SSP-determined values are easily affected by the presence of
recent star formation, even with small amounts of young stars,
resulting in -- sometimes significantly -- lower M/L ratios \citep[see
e.g. ][]{bmc10}.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=3.1in]{ECPaper_f4.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Same as figure~\ref{fig:chi1} comparing
    two different sets of models, both assuming a
    Salpeter IMF. The greyscale corresponds to
    P\'egas\'e-HR, and the lines are the predictions
    of the BC07 models (see text for details).
   \label{fig:chi2}}
\vskip-0.1in
\end{figure}

In previous work \citep{fsw05,fsb08,lfsf10} we used broadband
photometry to constrain the mass-to-light ratio of the stellar
populations. We showed that acceptable uncertainties can be obtained
on M/L even though one should not use broadband photometry alone to
constrain the age and metallicity of the unresolved populations
\citep[see e.g.][]{gala09}. However, in order to minimise the
uncertainties in the estimates of M/L, we use deep spectroscopic
observations of the Einstein Cross from VLT/FORS1 with grism G300V,
giving a spectral resolution of R$\sim 400$ at 5900\AA\
\citep{vlt}.
The spectra are taken at two slit positions: mask 1 (t$_{\rm EXP}$=11.70h)
at PA$=-56.5^\circ$, passing through images A and D;
and mask 2 (t$_{\rm EXP}$=11.25h) at PA$=-68.5^\circ$, passing through
images B and C (see figure~\ref{fig:prof}).
The 2D spectra are separated into a point source -- the quasar
spectrum -- and an extended source -- the lens. The method leaves no
trace of the emission line spectrum of the quasar in the lens
spectrum, which can be seen in figure~7 of \citet{vlt}.

We measure the equivalent widths (EWs) of a number of age and
metallicity sensitive spectral features: Balmer H$\beta$, H$\gamma$,
H$\delta$, Mgb, Fe5270, Fe5335, G4300 and the 4000\AA\ break. The
EWs are determined using a recent definition of the continuum
\citep{bmc10} that reduces the contamination in EW estimates from
neighbouring lines, improving on the discrimination between age and
metallicity.

We also have at our disposal the HST/NICMOS (F160W) and HST/WFPC2
(F555W and F814W) images. Note we already use the F160W image to
determine the maximum $\Upsilon_H$ from stars. However, we can combine
these three bands to generate two colours.  At the effective radius,
the colours are $V-I=1.28$ and $I-H=1.89$ (Using Vega as zero-colour
reference). The 1$\sigma$ photometric uncertainties stay around
0.05~mag in both colours. The colour gradient is very shallow: over
the R$<2$R$_e$ range, the gradients $\Delta$Colour$/\Delta (R/R_e)$
are $-0.003$ and $0.05$ in $V-I$ and $I-H$, respectively. The flat
colour profile confirms the homogeneity of the stellar populations in
this lens.  The colours help further constrain the stellar
populations, although we emphasize that the inclusion of the colours
does not improve significantly the estimates based on EWs, as
expected.

From the available stellar population synthesis models, we chose the
high spectral resolution version of P\'egas\'e \citep{Peg}. These models allow
the user to recalculate the spectra of simple stellar populations for
an arbitrary choice of IMF. Our goal is to constrain the shape of the
low-mass end of the IMF. Hence, we decided to model the IMF as two
power laws, defined as follows:
\begin{equation}
\frac{d{\rm N}}{d\log {\rm M}} \propto \left\{
     \begin{array}{ll}
                {\rm M}^{-\Gamma} &  0.1<{\rm M}/{\rm M}_\odot<1\\
                & \\
                {\rm M}^{-1.35} &  1<{\rm M}/{\rm M}_\odot<100
              \end{array}
       \right.
\label{eq:imf}
\end{equation}
\noindent
The above definition follows \citet{kro07}, although we select the
Salpeter IMF slope \citep{salp55} at the high mass end and
choose 1M$_\odot$\  for the position of the knee.  For masses below this
knee, we parameterise the IMF as a power law with index $\Gamma$. We
explore a wide range of values, from $\Gamma=-1.4$ to $+1.4$ (where a
Salpeter IMF corresponds to $\Gamma=+1.35$). For each choice of
$\Gamma$, we generate a set of base models (simple populations) that
are combined into composite $\tau$-models as described above, covering
a grid of $48\times 48\times 48$ models over a range of formation
epoch ($2\leq z_{\rm FOR}\leq 10$); decay timescale
($-1\leq\log(\tau/1{\rm Gyr})\leq +1$) and metallicity ($-1\leq
[m/H]\leq +0.3$). Hence, our methodology takes into account a spread
in the age distribution, an important issue when dealing with the
stellar populations of galaxies \citep[see e.g.][]{bmc10}.  Each
choice of star formation history gives a set of EWs and colours that
are compared with the observations via a standard $\chi^2$-defined
likelihood to infer the probability distribution function. The
synthetic spectra are broadened to the spectral resolution of the
observations, taking also into account the observed velocity
dispersion of the lens, $\sigma=166\pm 2$~km/s \citep{vdv08}.  Also
notice that the constraint on the M/L ratio shown in
figure~\ref{fig:profML} corresponds to the {\sl observed frame}
H-band. The models take into account the minor K-correction needed,
given the redshift of the lens.

\section{The systematics of stellar mas estimates}

It is important to understand the systematic effects caused by the
choice of population synthesis models in the estimates of stellar
mass. Firstly, we consider the effect that a different choice of slope
would have on the predicted average age and metallicity of the lens
galaxy.  Figure~\ref{fig:chi1} shows the probability distribution of
the average age and metallicity between the two extreme choices of
IMF: namely a Salpeter IMF ($\Gamma=+1.35$, greyscale) and a strong
suppression of low-mass stars ($\Gamma=-1.4$, lines). One can see that
within error bars, the average age and metallicity are unchanged,
corresponding to an old ($\lower.5ex\hbox{$\; \buildrel > \over \sim \;$} 8$~Gyr) population.

Different population synthesis models rely on their choices of stellar
evolution prescriptions, isochrones, and stellar libraries.  We
quantify this effect in the following two
figures. Figure~\ref{fig:chi2} shows the age and metallicity
probability distribution for a Salpeter IMF using two independent
models: P\'egas\'e (grayscale) and Bruzual \& Charlot (2003;
lines). The latter tends to give slightly older ages, although the
confidence levels overlap, eliminating the chance of a systematic
offset caused by a different age or metallicity.

To emphasize this point, figure~\ref{fig:popsyn} illustrates the
predictions in $\Upsilon_H$ for a range of Simple Stellar Populations
of solar metallicity -- as suggested by the best fits shown in the
previous figures. Various population synthesis models are shown, as
labelled. Hence, for the age range considered to be a best fit
($\lower.5ex\hbox{$\; \buildrel > \over \sim \;$} 8$~Gyr), the systematic difference between these models
cannot be larger than $\sim 10$\%. Another possible systematic
source would be the presence of dust, mainly in the disc of the lens
galaxy. \citet{vlt} showed that the $V$-band differential extinction
caused by the lens on the background quasar is in the range 0.1--0.3
mag. Using a standard extinction law \citep[e.g.][]{fitz99}, we estimate
an attenuation no larger than about 0.05 mag in the H band. Hence,
the net systematic uncertainty on the determination of the stellar masses
is $\sim 15-20$\%.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=3.1in]{ECPaper_f5.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Comparison of the H-band stellar mass-to-light ratio
    predicted by a number of population synthesis models. For ease of
    comparison, we consider here only simple stellar populations with
    solar metallicity and a Salpeter IMF. The models are P\'egas\'e
    \citep[black solid line,][]{Peg}; two different flavours of the
    GALAXEV models: BC03 \citep[blue dotted line][]{BC03}; and the recent,
    unpublished 2009 models including the MILES spectral library
    \citep[orange short dashed lines, private communication,
    and][]{miles}; Vazdekis/MILES models v.9 \citep[long
    dashed lines][]{vz10} and \citet[grey dot-dashed lines,][]{M05}.
    The bottom panel shows the ratio with respect to the fiducial
    P\'egas\'e-HR models used in this paper.
    \label{fig:popsyn}}
\vskip-0.1in
\end{figure}

\section{Results}

Figure~\ref{fig:exp} shows the constraint on the stellar $\Upsilon_H$
from the photo-spectroscopic data, as a function of IMF low-mass
slope. For reference, the upper limit to the $\Upsilon_H$ from lensing
is shown as a horizontal line along with the 90\% confidence level
(dashed lines). A Salpeter IMF ($\Gamma=+1.35$) clearly gives a
stellar $\Upsilon_H$ that is too high with respect to the lensing
estimate. The best fits are shown as curved solid and long-dashed
lines for the analysis of spectra from masks 1 and 2, respectively.
The result is compatible within the 90\% confidence level (grey shaded
area). Furthermore, our data can constrain in more detail the low-mass
end of the IMF. The lower panel of figure~\ref{fig:exp} shows the
cumulative probability distribution function, P$(>\Gamma)$. At a 90\%
confidence level, slopes $\Gamma>0$ are ruled out.

Our modelling has taken an ``integrated approach'' to the presence of
disk and bulge. Indeed, both the spectroscopic and the photometric
data have not been separated into a bulge and a disk component. Hence,
the modelling of the data corresponds to an ``average'' stellar
population which would be dominated by the old component, given that
most of the light originates from the central region of the galaxy, a
point confirmed by the old ages and high metallicities predicted by
the modelling (see figures~\ref{fig:chi1} and \ref{fig:chi2}). The
photometric analysis is done in a non-parametric way, hence we compute
stellar masses from this ``composite population'' of disk and bulge
stars in a consistent way.  Were we to remove the presence of the disk
population, the older bulge stars would result into higher
$\Upsilon_H$ therefore making a Salpeter IMF even more incompatible
with the observations. Finally, a significant presence of dark matter
in the inner regions of galaxies \citep[see e.g.][]{tor09} will make
the rejected models even more unlikely, since the analysis presented
here predicts more stellar mass than lensing mass for those rejected
models.  Therefore, our conclusions are robust with respect to the
complex populations of disk and bulge stars, or to the presence of
dark matter.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=3.1in]{ECPaper_f6.eps}
  \end{center}
  \caption{{\sl Top:} Constraints at the 90\% confidence level from
    the observed equivalent widths of Balmer lines (H$\beta$,
    H$\gamma$, H$\delta$); the metal sensitive [MgFe] index; and the
    $V-I$ and $I-H$ colours. The result is shown as a function of the
    low-mass slope of the IMF. The shaded region corresponds to the
    $\Upsilon_H$ given by the P\'egas\'e-HR models used in this paper.
    The horizontal lines give the 90\% confidence level for the
    predicted M/L using lensing data and the observed photometric
    profile of the lens (see figure~\ref{fig:profML}). The solid (long
    dashed) curved lines correspond to slit 1 and 2, respectively,
    with the shaded region extending over the 90\% confidence level
    for both slits 1 and 2. {\sl Bottom:} Cumulative joint probability
    of the IMF slope, given the lensing estimate of $\Upsilon_H$ and
    the population synthesis constraints. A Salpeter IMF
    ($\Gamma=+1.35$ is ruled out at more than the 99\% confidence
    level. At a 90\% level, slopes $\Gamma>0$ are rejected as well.
    \label{fig:exp}}
\vskip-0.1in
\end{figure}

\section*{Acknowledgments}
FC is partially supported by the SNSF (Switzerland).

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Émile Idée, nascido a 19 de julho de 1920 em Nouvion-le-Comte, é um antigo ciclista francês.

Profissional de 1940 a 1952 foi parceiro de Paul Giguet, Maurice De Muer, Camille Danguillaume (seu cunhado) e de Jean de Gribaldy.

Tem sido duas vezes Campeão da França em Estrada, em 1942 e 1947.

Palmarés

Resultados nas grandes voltas

 1947 : abandono
 1948 : abandono
 1949 : abandono, ganhador de etapa

Palmarés

 Palmarés em memoire-du-cyclisme.net

Ciclistas da França
Vencedores de etapas do Tour de France

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The latest member of the X-Line Advance line-array loudspeaker family, the X12-125F is a dual 15-inch flying subwoofer system equipped with high-output EV-engineered transducers.
User-friendly Integrated Rigging System for quick, secure deployment in X1 and X2 arrays.
Performance-matched for optimal results with all current X-Line Advance models.
Compact, lightweight 18-ply Baltic birch enclosure.
Suitable for flown or ground-stacked applications.
Finished in EVcoat for superior durability.
Hello sir. Thank you very much for such as a nice blog. It was really a knowledgeable blog. I really like the vibration of the bass while driving.


I am having the same issue. Will the entries made on 01.07.2011 post in 2011 or in 2012? The ledger and subledger are in balance for ending 2011.
Yes I had been checking that. There are some payment and invoice with entry date 01.07.2011.


Seth Holmes's new book from UC Press, Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies: Migrant Farmworkers in the United States, released June 10, could well change the way you look at your morning strawberries.
Holmes, an assistant professor in Berkeley's School of Public Health, spent a total of 10 months in 2003 and 2004 traveling with Mexican migrant farm laborers as they picked berries in Washington State and pruned grape vines in California's Central Valley. He worked with them in the fields, ministered to their medical needs (he has an M.D. from UCSF and a Ph.D. in medical anthropology from Cal and UCSF), and shared their food. He lived with them in small squalid apartments or labor camps when they were able to find shelter, and in their cars when they weren't.
Nor was it all straight anthropology. Holmes became friends with his subjects, a group of Oaxacan indigenes who speak Triqui, not Spanish, as their first language.
As part of his research, Holmes also spent time with his group in their native village in Oaxaca. At one point, he crossed the border back into the U.S. with several workers. It was a harrowing experience. They had to travel at night without lights, trekking across the open desert.
Despite the dangers, Holmes says, people will continue to head north because they have no alternative. He recalls posters warning of the dangers of illegal entry into the United States.


Our gorgeously soft Plump Pom Poms are handmade by us using Plump Superchunky and come in all 15 shades. They make the perfect addition to any hat (try our bobble hats) or equally anything that needs a little brightening up!
Now you just need to choose your colour!
We make our pom poms by hand and they are spritzed with water to set the fibres slightly before drying and being despatched. Use the two lengths of yarn attached to the pom pom to attach it to whatever you're making.
The pom pom will naturally felt a bit over time, if you want to give it a new lease of life, you can carefully trim it a bit giving it a little hair cut! Be careful to trim evenly though!
We don't recommend washing the pom poms... they will felt!


In many cases we need to print product image in report for more clerification or to make report more attrative and clear. For Sale order, Invoice, Purchase RFQ and purchase order changes are avaialbe.
Purchase RFQ and Purchase order Reports with image and Row Number.
You can select image size to be printed on report as shown in image.


I hosted Saturday Night Live in February of 2000.
OMFG. Talk about scary!! Not just that you have so little time to rehearse and there are new bits of sketches right up until transmission, not just that it is LIVE, but also because it is such a landmark thing to do, to host SNL! I stopped telling people I was going to do it because their reactions made me feel even more nervous. But I loved it. It was such an adrenaline rush, and I had all my New York friends in the front row of the balcony cheering me on. Plus I got to say 'Jennifer Lopez is in the house!' and 'Give it up for Jennifer Lopez!' which made me very happy.
There were some hilarious sketches. I took part in the regular ones like Dog Show and The Culps with Will Ferrell and Ana Gasteyer, and also did a Lennon/McCartney fast food fantasy with Jimmy Fallon, a Siegfried and Roy one with Chris Kattan, and a Home Shopping Network segment on sunburned dolls with the amazing Ana.


Sideshow Collectibles has sent out word on a few items that don't fall into any one category. So check out some general interest news and updates.
Pure and true, she offers herself to her deity, her lover and her soul mate! Surrender and place your Pre-Order for The Sacrifice Statue from Yamato USA through SideshowCollectibles.com. Remember, when you order through our website, you also earn pending Sideshow Reward points – an incredible bonus!
Sideshow Collectibles is very excited to let fans know that The Godfather Life-Size Bust will only have 300 pieces produced worldwide! You won't want to miss out on owning the Don for your collection, so get your Pre-Order soon before we sell out!


Deck Tiles - Decking - The Home Depot Shop our selection of Deck Tiles in the Lumber & Composites Department at The Home Depot. 100 sq. ft. Flint Grey Patio Deck Starter Kit. Model# RSKW32. (5). $1,84299/box. Shipping available. Set your store to see local PVC Deck Tiles in Cedar Wood, 14-Tiles per Case, 21.56 sq. ft. Model# XLTILECW2. $5729/case.


Hit one out of the park with your custom Softball Banner from Signline.com! Promote your team, players, and championships with a custom banner. Banners are also great for all types of leagues and tournaments to display game schedules, teams, sponsors, and anything else you want people to know. Whatever signage you need for your Softball season, Signline.com is a "safe" call!


PSPdisp v by JJS - Should I Remove It?
With recent advancements in the scene such as OpenGL ES via flatz it now seems that the early steps pspdixp begun as developer frangarcj has started to push some commits in relations to a PS4 port as seen here on the developer's Github account.
PSXPwn confirmed working on psvita slim 3. PSXPwnMar 27, You must log in or sign up to reply here.
These actions will ps;disp met with an immediate ban. So grab this version if you are using Windows 8 or UniqueUserNameAug 22, But however the end result will be, we hope that you will stay faithful to our Communityso you won't miss any action in However, could we be getting closer to seeing not only a great PS4 Homebrew hit the console but a port of RetroArch to natively hit the PS4?
So, by all means, come chat with us! This will get you banned. Every Vote is welcome. Submit a new link. It's still early to say but maybe Sony will satisfy the all Gamer who asks for a " PS5 ".
Peppe90, Jan 4, at 8: For updates on NPS, feel free to check pspdissp twitter or rss feed. All low level requests can someone dump, can I have this save will be removed if not posted to the Megathreads. Your name or email address: I tried using first v0.
Links that require a password, have click pspdizp links or that require a special account to access require mod approval. Share This Page Tweet. PS3 Pspdusp guys I'm not sure if this is the right place to post this but im new and i have a huge problem. But the PS4 is still a powerful machine don't you think? Want to add to the discussion? Log in or sign up in seconds. PS3 Net Server question.
VitaPiracy submitted 1 year ago by Renzwelle. PS3 Noob question about the slims. We also saw some newcomers like the PlayStation Classicwhere everyone knows how bad Sony designed it and why we the Homebrew-Community has to fix it. Failure to get approval will get the links removed and you may lose posting privileges.
No monetization links such as adfly ospdisp other revenue generating links. Any idea how to resolve this? Please try to keep posts Vita related please.
PSPdispa homebrew app that allows you to use your PSP and a second screen, has been updated to version 0. Become a Redditor and subscribe to one of thousands of communities. Submit a new text post.
This entry was posted in Best apps for iPad by Tonos. Bookmark the permalink.


Did you know that members of Congress introduced more than 6,600 bills and resolutions in 2013 alone? Probably not, because only the most controversial make it to mainstream news, and the coverage tends to be so sensationalized that it becomes easy to tune out. And lets face it, everyone and their mother is feeling increasingly overwhelmed by the abundance of information being catapulted our way every day. Taking additional time to research various bills up for vote, and understand the cryptic language used to determine new policy proposal while our government continues to argue over their differences like children in a schoolyard, stagnating needed progress? It's no wonder that The United States is suffering from decreased political engagement.
But what if there was a technology solution – a non-partisan platform providing you with a 360-degree view of every bill and resolution, organized by issue area to enable easy discovery, and aggregating personal letters from people just like you, as well as professional opinions from advocacy groups and trade associations, and using location-based data to show you what Congress is actually hearing from verified constituents? What if all you had to do was click, and you'd be taken to an online tool where you could write a letter to the appropriate lawmaker, be guaranteed delivery, and then see how your story is "appreciated" by other people interested in the same issue? Well, that reality is here, and it's being made possible by a startup called POPVOX that's translating grassroots ideas into action on Capitol Hill.
Its two founders – Rachna Choudhry and Marci Harris – met at a dinner in 2009, and soon discovered a shared passion for a problem that hit both close to home, albeit from different sides of the same coin. Choudhry came to the U.S. as a young child and was raised in Silicon Valley, her father active in the startup space. She studied Political Science at UCLA and earned a Masters in Public Policy from Georgetown University in 2000. She began working on political campaigns and then became a lobbyist, her personal frustration with how difficult it was for people to have their voices heard by lawmakers growing steadily over time – she observed a lot of noise, but very little signal making it through. The situation led to high "activist churn", where passionate crusaders would fall away after failing to influence desired change.
When Harris met Choudhry she was working as a congressional staffer – having spent years in public service after receiving a law degree from American University, and then becoming deeply enmeshed in work pertaining to health reform. She agreed with Choudhry that the system was broken – their offices were regularly flooded by form letters and petitions, but there was no way to verify who these people were, or quantify collective sentiment to reveal where congressional districts landed on key issues. Neither Harris nor Choudhry had experience in technology, but they felt equally convinced it was the solution. They exchanged contact information, and began meeting regularly to discuss what features and functionality would need to be included in the minimum viable product.
They took their idea to Tim O'Reilly, a key supporter of the open source movement (and host of Web 2.0 and Gov 2.0 summits and expos), and he became their first angel investor. After raising additional funds from family and friends, Choudhry and Harris quit their jobs, and in November of 2010 they released the first version of their platform. The first time they knew they were onto something big was when, in April of 2011, the site crashed due to a massive spike in traffic caused by a potential government shut down threatening continued compensation of military personnel. They resolved the issue, and went on to win the social media category at South by Southwest in 2011, were honored at the 2012 Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Awards, and were ranked #10 on Mashable's Major Tech Contributions From Entrepreneurial Women in March of 2013. Since launch, over 350,000 people from every state and congressional district have used the site, and in 2013 POPVOX users shared their experiences and opinions on bills with Congress more than 900,000 times.
Okay, so at this point in the story you may be wondering, "How did they pull this off? The back-end logistics sound complicated, and expensive to build." When questioned on this, Choudhry explains that it's been key for them to bring developers on board who have experience in politics –understanding how things currently work, so they can create aligned solutions. The fact their lead designer knew nothing about the space ended up being a gift in disguise, as it allowed them to create a user experience that was intuitive to a mainstream audience. They've followed a "lean" methodology of constant iteration – guided by one of their advisor's Janice Fraser, the founder and CEO of a company called LUXr that teaches tech entrepreneurs effective product development practices and principles.
Proprietary software scrapes Congress.gov so that once a new bill is posted there it's automatically added to POPVOX, providing their users with a dynamic summary of up-to-date information. Choudhry is responsible for reaching out to respected voices working within the nonprofit and corporate sectors, and asking them to contribute their opinion of bills that relate to their area of expertise. Monetization occurs through a variety of white label tools, such as their "Write Congress" customizable widget, which can be pulled onto any website, providing an easy way for targeted audiences to take meaningful, measurable, action. They also offer a variety of custom analytics and data mining tools – think social media monitoring, but focused on social issues and legislation. And the key to their success is that every user who writes a personal letter to Congress is a verified constituent – providing their home address and allowing POPVOX's software to identify their congressional district. Congressional staffers finally have data they need to make informed decisions.
Most of the POPVOX's current users are those who have a strong desire to have their voices heard – either due to a generalized mistrust of government, or a passion for a social cause. Students are also using the site to conduct research, which is one of those surprise use-cases that often emerge and make perfect sense in hindsight. More than half of POPVOX users (56%) say that when they're undecided on an issue, reading what other people wrote helped them decide whether to support or oppose it. And two-thirds (65%) said that they decided to support or oppose a bill after reading an organization's position on POPVOX. That's pretty convincing impact, but how do they plan to spark the interest of those who are currently disengaged?


Yeh, its time to review some of the new albums that have come out that I bought over the past couple of months. Yes, some of these are not recent, but deal with it.
The first official solo project from Dave Matthews is much darker than that of the early records from the band, and even darker than Everyday. As my buddy James very aptly said, "Everyday was really the first solo album." If you are looking for the days of Crash and Under the Table and Dreaming, you won't find it here. What you will find is some very poetic music with some extremely talented musicians.
This much anticipated release is the second studio release from this talented musician. While his first release, Australia, was recorded in short segments and took Day a year to complete, this album was finished in three solid months of recording. Day has a way of writing some really great songs that you can sing along to and enjoy, and he also has a dark side of him that pops out. He is an incredibly talented musician and in a few of the songs on this CD, his creativity is unleashed.
There is not enough good things I can say about this album. This is the third studio release from Mayer and it is such an amazing combination of upbeat and slow songs that can really make that long car ride enjoyable. The CD comes with the lyrics for all of the songs and various other trivia such as the tempo of each song, where it was written, what part of the body the song touches, etc. If you liked No Such Thing you will LOVE Heavier Things!
This recent release from Guster is one of their best releases to date. Their unique sound has a modern Beatles feel to it. If you like simple, up-beat songs, you should seriously consider this album. Their simple melodies are fun to sing along with, and they put on a great live show if you happen to catch one!
The last album from Vertical Horizon, Everything You Want was a very big departure from the classic Vertical Horizon sound. Older releases from the band have a folk feel and their new sound has been described as "Generic Radio Pop." Go is the same generic sound with the same chords, but new lyrics. It will get quite a bit of radio play I am certain, so you can take that however you like (good or bad). At any rate, I was personally disappointed and will be keeping my old VH CDs in the rotation more than this one.
I hope you all enjoyed the brief blurbs I put here! See you later!
This entry was posted on Tuesday, October 21st, 2003 at 12:39 pm	and is filed under Tidbits. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Registration Fee: The registration fee includes luncheon, receptions, refreshments, networking breaks, continental breakfast, and original course materials. Payment is required in advance and can be made by company cheque, VISA, MasterCard, or American Express. Please make cheques payable to the Strategy Institute Inc. and write the registrant's name on the face of the cheque.
Group Discount: A Group Discount is offered for this conference (not in combination with any other offer). The group discount is applied to groups of 4 delegates. To be eligible for the Group Discount, delegates MUST register at the same time. The total discount per delegate (including applicable group discounts, etc.) MUST not exceed 25% of the regular conference cost.
Early Bird Discount: Adjusts on January 11th, 2018 and expires January 18th, 2019. Cannot be combined with any other discount.
VIP Codes: VIP Discount codes are valid for new registrations only (cannot be combined with any other offer). VIP Discount code must be presented at the time of registration.
Cancellations: Cancellations must be received in writing by February 12th, 2019. Cancellations received by this date will be eligible for a prompt refund less a $495.00 (plus HST) administration fee. If you register for the program and do not attend, you are liable for the full registration fee unless you cancel according to the terms stated above. If you are unable to attend, delegate substitution is permitted up to, and including, the day of the conference.


text:
Кея () — село у повіті Констанца в Румунії. Входить до складу комуни Гредіна.

Село розташоване на відстані 185 км на схід від Бухареста, 41 км на північний захід від Констанци, 106 км на південь від Галаца.

Населення
За даними перепису населення 2002 року у селі проживали  осіб, усі — румуни. Усі жителі села рідною мовою назвали румунську.

Примітки

Села повіту Констанца


text:
Manuel Turizo
Name: Manuel Turizo
Occupation: Rapper
Birth Day: April 12, 2000
Zodiac Sign: Aries
Manuel Turizo was born on April 12, 2000 in Colombia (20 years old). Manuel Turizo is a Rapper, zodiac sign: Aries. Nationality: Colombia. Approx. Net Worth: Undisclosed.
Find out more about Manuel Turizo net worth here.
In September 2018, Turizo achieved his first Billboard Hot 100-charting hit with his collaboration with Ozuna on the single "Vaina Loca". The song peaked at number 94 and stayed on the chart for two weeks. In October 2018, he collaborated with Mau y Ricky on the single "Desconocidos". In March 2019, his song "Sola" became first number one song on the Billboard Latin Airplay chart. He released his debut album, ADN on August 23, 2019, which featured collaborations with Zion & Lennox, Noriel, Ozuna, Darell, Nicky Jam, Sech, and Anuel AA. ADN peaked at number eight on the Billboard Hot Latin Albums chart. In September 2019, Turizo was named as the first Latin "global priority artist" by the French streaming service Deezer. He performed a virtual concert with Billboard on March 25, 2020 while in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic to raise money for the non-profit organization MusiCares. The concert consisted of a cappella renditions of the songs "Una Lady Como Tú" and "Déjala Que Vuelva".
Currently, Manuel Turizo is 21 years, 9 months and 6 days old. Manuel Turizo will celebrate 22nd birthday on a Tuesday 12th of April 2022.
Find out about Manuel Turizo birthday activities in timeline view here.
Manuel Turizo plays saxophone, guitar, and piano;
Manuel Turizo wrote "Una Lady Como Tú" while traveling.
Manuel Turizo released a remix on his most popular song;
Manuel has tattoos of feather and a ship on his right arm;
Manuel Turizo's first ever YouTube video is audio of his "Baila Conmigo" single;
Manuel Turizo collaborated with such artists as Valentino, Piso 21, Juan Magán, and others on their releases;
What label is he signed with?
Manuel Turizo has been releasing on DMC.
How many subscribers does he have on YouTube?
Manuel Turizo is followed by almost 2 million of fans on YouTube.
When did he become interested in music?
Manuel Turizo's talented father is the reason Manuel became interested in music.
How was he discovered?
Manuel Turizo was discovered in 2017 when his successful singles started arriving on the internet.
What is his most popular song?
It is, of course, his Kids' Choice Award nominated "Una Lady Como Tú" with nearly 800 million of views on YouTube only.
Is Manuel popular on social media?
Yes, Manuel Turizo has an extremely popular Instagram account with nearly a million of fans and Twitter with nearly 5k of followers, not to mention his YouTube that made him famous above all.
Manuel Turizo trends
Who is Manuel Turizo ?
How rich is Manuel Turizo ?
What is Manuel Turizo 's salary?
When is Manuel Turizo 's birthday?
When and how did Manuel Turizo became famous?
How tall is Manuel Turizo ?
Who is Manuel Turizo 's girlfriend?
List of Manuel Turizo 's family members?
Why do people love Manuel Turizo?
Manuel Turizo is a member of
Job: Rapper
Born on April 12
Living In Colombia
Manuel Turizo fans also viewed:
Fabio Legarda
John Leguizamo
Yoky Barrios
Recent Added Celebrities in Rapper:
Bobo Swae
Curtis Williams
Kardinal Offishall
Lil Pump
Young Maylay
Brisco
CupcakKe
Dice Soho
S Dot


text:
Home TECHNOLOGY Blockchain & Crypto Crypto Subscription Company Revuto is bringing its REVU token to KuCoin and...
Crypto Subscription Company Revuto is bringing its REVU token to KuCoin and Gate.io
Image source: Revuto
Blockchain-based subscription manager company Revuto has become the first Cardano-native asset to list its REVU token on both KuCoin and Gate.io at the same time.
Revuto aims to provide a simple solution for users to find themselves tricked by the common practices of small-print, free trial user attraction apps that have overly complicated subscribing procedures designed to make the process as difficult as possible to discourage users from describing. Ultimately, the Revuto platform wants to encourage users to have more control over how they pay for their subscriptions, how they pay for them, and when they pay for them.
Revuto is the first decentralized application (dApp) on Cardano, the proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain platform that facilitates peer-to-peer transactions with Ada, its internal cryptocurrency.
Cardano was founded in 2015, and launched later in 2017 by Charles Hoskinson, one of the co-founders of Ethereum. The platform has managed to overcome some of the most significant existing problems in the crypto market, most notably that Bitcoin is slow and inflexible, and that Ethereum is unscalable. As it stands, it is the largest cryptocurrency to use a PoS blockchain.
"We are proud to make history again with REVU, after being the first ICO, publishing the 1st Cardano lite wallet and breaking records with our growth – we are now the first to list on tier 1 CEXs, KuCoin and Gate.io. The process included multiple legal openings for our utility token, from top legal firms including both US and EU legislations, with audits being in process and led by the global leader blockchain security," said Revuto CEO and co-founder, Vedran Vukman.
"We also partnered with Skynet Trading for institutional-grade liquidity solutions. Our ethos is to work only with the best; to ensure our customers and investors enjoy the best products and returns. It may take longer, and is often the more difficult way – but it's the right way to build long term value."
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FrontNode on Whether It's Better to Mine or Buy Bitcoin
What JPMorgan and Other Major Financial Players Are Saying About the Future of Crypto
Cereal Club NFT: How to Gain Access to the Most Exclusive Discord in the Metaverse


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Back to Issue Eleven.
"Unmarried, undocumented, unlabeled": On Stephen S. Mills' A History of the Unmarried
SIBLING RIVALRY PRESS, 2015
REVIEW BY JUSTIN HOLLIDAY
Following his debut He Do the Gay Man in Different Voices, Stephen S. Mills again ponders what it means to be queer in America through his new collection A History of the Unmarried. Whereas his first collection dismantles any taboos in his meditations on Jeffrey Dahmer and his prison correspondence with a former pornographic film star, A History of the Unmarried takes a different approach, honing in on mid-twentieth-century mainstream America's cultural history and incorporating such figures as Sylvia Plath, Jackson Pollack, and Betty Draper from Mad Men within a larger context of modern gay life.
Mills' opening poem "A History of Marriage" demands a call for a new way of understanding "normal" American life by intertwining historical details with the marriages of his family members. First, he pairs his parents' marriage in 1973 with the year "the American Psychiatric / Association removed homosexuality / from its list of mental disorders" ("A History of Marriage," 8-10). Then, he juxtaposes his sister's marriage in 1997 with the conviction of Timothy McVeigh and the death of Princess Diana. While some included historical events appear to have a more direct bearing on Mills as a gay man, others do not pertain strictly to LGBTQ people—suggesting that a queer history should not be separate from the American experience. But, as the fourth stanza shows, this separation can appear irrevocable at times:
the day I slipped my ring off
my left hand and onto my right.
Our symbol. Our sign. Not theirs. ("A History of Marriage," 79-81)
As the opening poem progresses, Mills questions the extent to which he can or should assimilate in a time when opposition to marriage has become a concern for millions. While some forms of cultural trauma appear to be shared, others appear part of a queer history that seems segmented from the heteronormative world. Therefore, it is not surprising that Mills echoes Essex Hemphill's "American Wedding," a poem in which the speaker and his beloved wear cock rings; each of these poems shows that two men can resist the conventional ring ceremony and reclaim love on their own terms.
Furthermore, Mills considers what it means to be properly married when heterosexual marriages, whether real or fictional, fail. By invoking marriages of the mid-twentieth century, he contemplates what it means to critique an institution that had no room for him in that era. He notes the possibility of sexual fluidity when writing about Mad Men, especially Betty Draper, in "Shut up, Betty! You're Drunk!" and traverses reality and fiction in "Tonight I Dream of January Jones in a Supermarket in Florida." But in "You Don't Kiss Boys, Boys Kiss You," Mills addresses the strictures of compulsory heterosexuality through his question for Betty Draper:
What are the rules
for kissing boys when you
are, in fact, a boy yourself? ("You Don't Kiss Boys, Boys Kiss You," 25-27)
Evidently, Mills does not know how exactly to reconcile himself in a world with no guidebook for men who love men; this is not simply a problem for past generations, however. "A Stranger Asks: Who's the Man and Who's the Woman?" blatantly demonstrates the still-present inability of many Americans to move beyond a gender binary.
To further assess the closed structure of marriage, Mills pens a series of "Housewife Etiquette" prose poems that he intersperses throughout the collection. These poems reflect middle-class values of the mid-twentieth century, further solidifying the gendered and classist history of marriage. "Housewife Etiquette: Rule 1" ends with a tongue-in-cheek joke: "Be gay and interested" (5). Although the poem intends for "gay" to mean "happy," Mills consciously exposes what must be hidden—the gay love that must not speak its name lest it ruin heterosexual bliss. While there are only four of these poems, they are fragmented, skipping over many of the rules (going from "Rule 1" to "Rule 9," for example), indicating they are now obsolete (as marriage now includes queer iterations). Thus, this outdated guidebook cannot provide an ideal or complete vision of marriage, signifying that no single type of existence can define marriage—and, more widely, partnership.
Although the 1950s and '60s appear to negate queer possibility, Mills invokes Sylvia Plath as a real-life mid-century housewife who rebels against her prescribed role. By juxtaposing the severe depictions of women in marriage, Plath represents freedom (despite her suicide) and therefore remains a welcome figure with which gay men may identify. In "Watching Sylvia While You Cart the Dying," Mills shifts between his experience and a fictionalized portrayal of Plath's life in order to address his mother's job as a hospice nurse and confront his own mortality. In "Us Gays Call You Auntie Sylvia," Plath becomes part of a queer family, a surrogate aunt for the gay men who look to her as a fellow rebel.
To be clear, Mills has not lost his transgressive edge in his shift from writing about serial killers to poets; he concludes this poem by affirming a desire to pretend "that [Plath's] troubles are my troubles. Your oven, my oven" ("Us Gays Call You Auntie Sylvia," 28); he takes the most notorious moment of her life and invokes it as a mode of identification. In this way, Mills signals that trauma is to be shared, so that anyone marginalized may achieve a greater understanding of why it is necessary to escape a unitary model of not only marriage, but also life.
In order to express new possible modes of love, Mills divulges experiences in public spaces and in his own bed. While he hopes in vain to pick up other men at an art museum in "Standing in Front of Pollock's Summertime: Number 9A, London, 2003," he reveals his sexual forays at circuit clubs and in the woods in "Counting Bears," which borders on the humorous when a drunken man pounds on the cabin door asking where he may find his clothes, and Mills warns, "Never invite a bear to a picnic" ("Counting Bears," 57). Even his private space becomes open for the public when he critiques the limits of monogamy in "Obama Says Same-Sex Couples Should Be Allowed to Marry, May 2012." Mills directs attention away from the titular statement in favor of a promise of love through his and his partner's depicted sex with a third man whose name they do not know. Yet this man's unknown identity does not negate the couple's love, which the speaker reinforces with the joining of one man to another, echoing an intertwining of lovers that resembles the closeness of marriage.
While "On Becoming Domestic Partners, Orlando, 2012" and "A History of the Unmarried" provide further excursions of the secondary, even recondite status of queerness, Mills' final poem "Slicing Limes for Dustin" returns to the opening poem's concern for how to wrestle with the status of marriage and gay identity by integrating historical events with his personal life. Even in the final moments of the collection, Mills still has not reconciled his questions of love. He asks:
And what does it mean to become
a housewife voluntarily?
To slice limes for a husband?
To slice limes for Dustin?
And what does it mean to be married
yet remain queer? ("Slicing Limes for Dustin," 77-82)
Mills is not a 1950s housewife and does not want LGBTQ couples to be reductively labeled as "the man" and "the woman," yet what other models are there for marriage? Although Mills does not answer this question, perhaps it is currently unanswerable. As same-sex marriage becomes increasingly accepted in the United States, it may develop not as a copy of the different-sex marriage model but rather proliferate in many forms. Although Mills does not overtly suggest an overturning of marriage itself, his collections opens the door for a different radical politics—for a conscious acknowledgement of all the country's traumas.
Stephen S. Mills earned his MFA from Florida State University. He is the author of He Do the Gay Man in Different Voices (Sibling Rivalry Press, 2012), and lives in New York City.
A History of the Unmarried
by Stephen S. Mills
Sibling Rivalry Press, September 2014
$13.00 paperback, ISBN: 978-1-937420-79-6
Justin Holliday is an MA candidate and instructor at Clemson University. His work has appeared in Up the Staircase, Collective Fallout, Main Street Rag, and elsewhere.


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Santa Cruz Ghost Hunters
Investigating The L House
Boulder Creek Cemetery
Brookdale Lodge
BDL..American Supernatural .com
Castro Adobe
Cremer House
The Haunting on Elm St.
Evergreen Cemetery
Rose Acres Lane
Rispin Mansion
Scotts Creek
Sporup Sanitarium
Steamer Lane
Surf Bistro
Tuttle Mansion
White Lady
The Mount Madonna Inn
Powder Works Mill
Crystal Ball Killing 1948
Debbie Lee Shelton 1969
John L. Frazier
Edmund Kemper
Herbert Mullin
Muder of Mary Nugent
Kitchens Courts of Mystery
The Mystery Spot
The Worshipper - 1897
One Eyed Charley
Grave Tales
Spontaneous Secrets
Beaned
A Colorful Tail
Time Served
Hunger Pains...
Irony...
Dramatic Demise
Broken Hearted
HAUNTED TOURS
Haunted Tours Brookdale Lodge
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Job Apply - Q&A
Another unusual enigma of Santa Cruz County is the history of Holy City. Located off of Highway 17 - the old Santa Cruz Highway. What remains of this historic oddity is merely a few remnants of this former cult compound. Holy City as it was known was dedicated to the belief of a 'Perfect Christian Divine Way' – which was later changed to a - "Perfect Christian Divine Science". The teachings of the Divine Science, consisted of race segregation, abstinence from alcohol, celibacy, communal living and white supremacist perspectives.
Founded by cult leader William E. Riker in 1919, this former one hundred and forty two acre compound, began with as few as, 30 followers and by 1930 expanded to 300 devoted disciples. Prior to founding Holy City, Riker himself, was a self proclaimed preacher, and a master manipulator and bamboozler. Riker's sorted past led him on a trail across the country of bigamy, street peddling, preaching, mystical and mind reading acts; which easily swayed the unsuspecting; out of their pocket books and into Rikers pocket.
Riker's original 30 followers of Holy City, were comprised primarily of elderly men, who he happily swindled out of all of their monetary possessions, in exchange for a make shift shack and no worldly possessions of there own- yet he did provide a guaranteed highway to heaven through his strict teachings. A teaching which supported the philosophy of Adolf Hitler, yet also contradicted itself, and was oddly eagerly welcoming to those of the Jewish persuasion.
Riker even went to extreme measures to attract tourists and new fellowship, with a road side attraction which included restaurant, gas station, dance hall, petting zoo and more. There he erected numerous welcoming, 12 foot high Santa Claus figures and friendly carnival signs to provoke the curious. Additional signage announced Holy City as the "New Jerusalem' and of course he included public bulletins however these, depicted the statement "Asians and Negroes keep out of Holy City until you've learned you place", a reminder to those – who were not welcomed – in Riker's city of white.
Between 1924 and 1931 while continuing to bleed dry his ever growing fellowship, Father Riker remarried for a third time and he and his wife, Lucille, also known as the "mother" resided in a large, two story house, on the hill top – overlooking the Holy City compound. Here the "Father" shared his sermons', or more like his fanatical beliefs. Still insisting on celibacy, abstinence and freedom of possessions to his flock; Riker enjoyed all the riches that his sheep provided, including a shiny new Cadillac. Opposing all religious sects but his own; Riker convinced his followers that he was God and they were in his kingdom, a kingdom which would lead them to everlasting life. To spread his beliefs even further, Riker erected a radio station, KFQU and continued his white supremacist epitaph to an even broader audience.
In 1931 further expansion of Holy City was underway and Riker purchased the building material to the Wessendorf & Staffler mortuary on Church Street in Santa Cruz, which was to be demolished. The building was dismantled and the lumber transported to Holy City to be used for further development, including the expansion of a woman's dorm.
In 1935, according to the Santa Cruz Sentinel, it appeared that Rikers white supremacist followers had grown...and as darkness grew over the skies, a large fiery blaze illuminated in the distance of the Holy City compound. It was reported that a 12 foot cross, engulfed in flames was the center piece of a strange gathering. Fourteen persons, including a 10 year old boy were part of a ritualistic induction to the Ku Klux Klan. Persons adorn with traditional white robes and hoods, some in color, gathered together while chanting – Fifty additional bystanders, also gathered observing the eerie ritual. At the end of the ceremony Father Riker, alongside a Klan member were asked to speak a few words, and when the festivities officially closed, everyone was invited for coffee and cake at the compound.
October 13th of 1942, according to the Santa Cruz Sentinel, the first murder occurred at Holy City between two carpenters who were arguing over the use of a fire ladder, the dispute began when Joseph Witzig age 58, wanted to remove a fire ladder so that he may use it on a project. However, 51 year old Irvin Fischer argued that Witzig must have the permission of Father Riker, before taking the ladder. As a result, a violent argument broke out and Fischer beat Witzig with an iron bar to death.
As the years progressed Riker's disciples began to dwindle, rumors about his hypocrisy became apparent amongst his commune; Riker preached celibacy to his followers and would not even allow for married men or woman to reside with one another, it would soon be discovered that the "fork tongued father" was enjoying the many pleasures of the female community within his city walls, all to himself.
In March of 1947, it would appear that the stress of the Fathers teachings would prove to be too much for one of his disciples - 55 year old, Italo Christafani a laborer, was found with a noose around his neck, hanging from a tree outside of the home of Father Riker; perhaps he chose this location in the hope of some sort of divine intervention, or perhaps foul play may have been a factor. Alas, no one would ever truly know what the motivation was behind Christafani's death, according to the coroner, although no note was found; the death was deemed a suicide.
As the years progressed, Father Riker would try to increase his following and put his hat in the political race; running for California state Governor a total of four times – fortunately for California his religious rants left a bad taste in the political ring, and he lost every race he had entered.
Holy City would continue to decline, even being set ablaze on more than one occasion. The fires ultimately destroyed many of the structures located on the compound, the result of arson. Riker would also ultimately be called into court multiple times, stemming from charges of tax evasion to FBI charges of sedition for letters Riker had been writing to his idol "Adolf Hitler" in support of anti-Semitic propaganda.
By 1966, the elderly, self proclaimed "God" of Holy City himself– did a surprising turn about, after decades of convincing others he was the light to everlasting life and the kingdom, after decades of stealing all monetary possessions from those who believed in him as he lined his own pockets, after destroying marriages to pleasure his own needs, and after years of preaching white supremacy and dictating to others… the ailing and feeble shell of a man, Father William E. Riker, who was sent to Agnew State Hospital, as opposed to a rest home, because none could accommodate his "special behavior" - after all of this man's rants and raves - Riker himself, converted his entire belief system to the Catholic church – begging for salvation to the one true God. He was 93 years of age.
Three years later on December 3, 1969 , William E. Riker died, at Agnew State Hospital, After Riker's death Holy City became nothing but a ghost town, and today all that remains of this odd historic enigma is nothing more than a few old signs, a small abandoned shack with the remains of what is believed to be the "fathers" Model T, and an old functional artisans shop- that still may hold some secrets of William Riker and the legends of Holy City.
According to a 1969 San Jose news article; Rikers 58 year old nephew, Gifford Riker, was in charge of funeral proceedings for his uncle. As it would turn out, Rikers conversion to Roman Catholic proved to be problematic for the nephew, in determining his final resting spot- How ever the nephew did express devote admiration for his uncle and stated he was engaged in writing a new bible entitled "Saint Riker".
Ironically, the man who was always in the lime light, was ultimately buried in an unmarked grave at the Odd Fellows, Santa Cruz Memorial Cemetery, no public funeral announcement was made, not even a marker, According to Carla Robideaux of the SC Memorial Cemetery, Father William E. Riker lies beside his wife, "Mother" Lucille Riker and a few of Holy City disciples, had it not been for looking up Riker's wife Lucille, the Fathers interment would have remained unnoticed .


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Home News My new Biggest Fan...
My new Biggest Fan…
Dan Weber March 10, 2012 Grateful Blog, News
Grateful Blog: Day 69: I heard through the 'grapevine' that I've got a new fan these days. He's a bit of a 'mover and a shaker' as it were. I don't want to say his name because I don't want to get him in trouble. He's been listening to my CD 'Ash and Bone' a LOT and has become a really big fan very quickly. Clues? Well, his favorite song is 'Take the Central GeorgiaHome'. He not much for long-winded prose and I'm not sure he's ready to go on record yet in public, but privately he told a friend of a friend who knows my wife that he pretty much can't be in the car without hearing it.
That's pretty damn cool. In fact, its waaaay cool. Alright a few more clues? His name is Gavin? Ummm Gavin who? Well, I can't say. That might just be the name he's going by right now. The thing is he's a BIG fan of mine and especially that song. I heard every time he gets in the car he yells 'Mommy, play that train song!' Seriously, Gavin's like 4 now and a serious DUDE of the world. And his favorite song is 'Take the CentralGeorgiaHome'. You can find it on my new CD at www.danwebermusic.com
I don't know what's cooler: That Gavin's Mom is driving around playing my CD non-stop because she and her son dig it or that Gavin totally dig's one of my favorite songs I've ever written. Either way I'm Grateful. I've sure gotta meet Gavin one of these days. Like I said, he's a BIG fan of mine and well, I've gotta say in all honesty, I'm a BIG fan of his.
And one last thing: 'Mommy, play that train song!' Damn straight Gavin…Damn Straight!
Ash and BoneCD ReleaseDan WeberFacebookGratefulTake the Central Georgia HomeThe Grateful Blogwww.danwebermusic.com


text:
General News Thread
hrotha
El Pistolero said:
He has nothing to prove anymore at the Giro. He finally won his 2 stages there and 2 Giri and the points classification.
He disrespected the race the way he worded it. That's the issue.
mortailcoil
They're only words. Forgetting the tone from language translation, he probably meant it differently.
craig1985
I'm sure it was something that got lost in translation, and hopefully Contador will issue a correction.
mortailcoil said:
I tell you, it sounds much worse in the original Spanish:
El año que viene volveré para ganar el Tour y me centraré en exclusiva para esta carrera, que es la más importante. Y para ello no iré al Giro. Al Giro nunca más.
El Pistolero
hrotha said:
Didn't you hate Contador because his interviews were filled with lies? Well, the Giro is a waste of time, so he isn't lying this time. I don't find it disrespectful when saying you're never going to enter the Giro again by the way. Let's be honest here, the tifosi treated him like crap even if he was the biggest gentleman of the peloton there.
Fus087
goggalor said:
Bert appears to have given up on the Giro-Tour double.
http://velonews.competitor.com/2011/07/news/alberto-contador-vows-to-return-to-tour-de-france-and-win-it_186156
In an interview on Danish TV, Contador said the exact opposite.
When asked whether he regrets having ridden the Giro, he shook his head and said (possibly paraphrasing): "No. I will never change my schedule just for the Tour. I've won the Giro, Catalunya, Murcia... I'll never change my season just for the Tour."
The Hitch
Fus087 said:
When was this?
Didn't you hate Contador because his interviews were filled with lies? Well, the Giro is a waste of time, so he isn't lying this time.
lol, thats not what you were saying in May sunshine. Contador does lie all the time, which is his main fault. Which makes it all the more amazing that he wouldnt be able to just keep his mouth shut and lie if needbe say that the Giro is also an important race rather than insulting it.
But it seems to me if Contador or Gilbert focused their season around the Sun Tour you would be talking about how great a race it is. You are one of the few posters that is hear year round, even during the winter, and the second Contador says the Tour is all that matters, your the first to say "Giro is a waste of time"
The Hitch said:
Lieve van Gils also asked Contador if he regrets of having done the Giro and he replied with a simple no.
I think some of you guys misunderstood him. He doesn't regret having done it this year, but doesn't want to ride it anymore after this. Can't blame him after this Giro... He's won the hardest one of them all in dominating fashion. There's no glory to be found for him in Italy anymore.
http://www.sporza.be/cm/sporza/videozone
Probably geo locked. If not then scroll down a little and you'll see the correct vid.
It is a waste of time for him cause he already won it twice. What would be the point of a third victory? If he was good enough to do the double it would be worth it, but he's not good enough, so it's a waste of time for him. No offence to the Giro, but it's true. And I never thought Contador was going to start the Tour in May
minessa
Here is the link: http://tv2sport.dk/node/81995
"He has no regrets that he did attempt to win the rare double.
- No, no, no. I would not change anything in relation to preparations for the Tour. I know that if you drive the Giro, so it becomes harder to win the Tour. I know.
- But I have been happy to ride both the Giro, Tour of Catalonia and the Vuelta a Castilla y León and would not change anything, he says."
Parrulo
what is all this fuss about?
the guy failed to pull the double and prolly thinks its not worth the risk of keep losing the tour after winning the giro just to try for the double. and he is right.
are we suppose to pretend that winning the giro is more important then winning the tour just cus as a race we prefer the giro?
people everywhere are saying that contador didn't won this years tour because he wasn't doping like last year. if you try to tell those people that he wasn't in top shape because of the giro they won't even listen. and thats a fact.
and i didn't see any lack of respect he just said he won't ride the giro again . . . or was he supposed to pretend that he wants to ride the giro again to please us?
Parrulo said:
Say nothing. The way it came out it was like he blamed the Giro for hurting his Tour and because it has wronged him he will never ride it again.
Take that, Giro.
"Es un año diferente, una sensación que no vivía desde 2007, pero me deja un buen sabor de boca. El año ha sido excepcional y con eso me quedo. De todas las formas voy a pedir que me dejen subirme un rato al podio", ha dicho irónicamente Alberto Contador.
doesn't look like he is mad at the giro at all . . .
Did Contador say those words to Danish TV in English or Spanish? I can see why there would be some confusion.
Swede1
Besides cyclingnews (which is obviously the best), what are other good websites that have good articles on cycling?
Is there a thread about this topic already?
Timmy-loves-Rabo
Well he has won the tour 3 times, so by your logic he shouldn't ride that either.
anyway I guess ac was just blunt. He has the right to priortise what ever race he wants. Probably better off saying nothing tho.
Didn't you hate Contador because his interviews were filled with lies? Well, the Giro is a waste of time, so he isn't lying this time. I don't find it disrespectful when saying you're never going to enter the Giro again by the way.
You think lies are the same as tact and courtesy?
No, he's not mad at the Giro, he just said plainly it's not worth its time. Sure, the Tour is the most important race and you want to win it then you probably shouldn't do the Giro, but this is like having sex with a woman, and the next morning, when she asks if you're going to call her, you say "Nope. Never ever".
Timmy-loves-Rabo said:
But the Tour is the most important, and the Giro is not.
If anyone showed tact and courtesy during the Giro it was Contador. If anyone didn't show it, it were the Italian tifosi. They didn't respect him, please don't ask for him to respect their national race then. An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.
That's stupid. It's not the race of the tifosi, it's the race of RCS.
He was only ever booed on stage 14 actually btw.
He hasnt been respected in any race hes done outside Spain this season. So saying hes skipping the Giro because they booed him there isnt a good explanation.
Greenflame
Clearly that's it, because the French were so much more respectful to him than the Italians. Damn Italians booed him. Such a travesty would never occur in France.
On every stage since stage 14 actually. Some fans even tried to hit him on some stages(after stage 14)
Rather get booed in France for the biggest win then getting booed in Italy for the second biggest win. And besides the team presentation the French public booed even less than the Italians...
I just love love love the possibility that we might get another year with the one and only JENS!
RCS, they're even worse. There's a reason why Zomegan is fired.
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is the Creator (Discoverer) of the Polyvagal Theory, widely considered to be the most important revision to our understanding of Autonomic Nervous System function in 50 years, with implications that will transform the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of physical, mental health, and physiological disorders. The Polyvagal Theory is a deep map of the human nervous system, identified by Dr. Porges and rigorously studied. It forms the theoretical framework that explains why many of the new somatically-oriented trauma therapies are effective. Dr. Porges has multiple university appointments, and is the past President of the American Pscycho-physiological Society.


The Enron Corporation was one of the largest corporations which offered electrical energy and pure gasoline, distributed power and other providers like bandwidth curiosity connection and offered threat administration and financial companies to customers the world over. However, the social responsibility motion is however one side of the overall self-discipline of business ethics. New Directions in Company Social Responsibility," Norman Bowie (Business Horizons July-August 1991). In New Directions in Company Social Accountability," Bowie, in effect, turns around the ethical telescope.
Her presence at an international convention on corporate and business ethics seems odd to Jimmy. Legal guidelines " are the written statutes, codes, and opinions of presidency organizations by which residents, businesses, and individuals present within a jurisdiction are expected to govern themselves or face legal sanction.
In different phrases, business ethics isn't a matter of concern for managers alone. As such, enterprise ethics have had a terrific affect on the best way business is carried out within the twenty first century. Reasonably, ethical administration is a technique of anticipating each the law and the market—and for sound enterprise causes.
Jensen, M.C., 2002, Worth Maximization, Stakeholder Idea, and the Company Objective Operate", Enterprise Ethics Quarterly, 12(2): 235-256. Singer, A., 2015, There is No Rawlsian Concept of Company Governance", Business Ethics Quarterly, 25(1): 65-92.


Come celebrate the holidays with the Mini Microcinema!
Thu Tran is a New York based artist, performer, illustrator, multimedia designer, and enthusiastic champion of the charming and unusual.
Featured selections of her work from the last decade will include episodes of the cult IFC show Food Party, which she created and starred in, as well as animated shorts, music videos, and trailers for various interactive games she designed.
Much of artist Thu Tran's practice centers on mediated food: not the polished culinary culture frequently depicted on screen, but the improvisational, awkward, and even existential elements of contemporary home cooking. Many of her works, including cult TV hit Food Party, expose a fundamental strangeness that underlies the act of preparing and consuming meals, often deconstructing the very definition of food.


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For anyone who has crossed multiple time zones, the symptoms of jet lag are all too real. Here are some easy ways to avoid and prevent them from happening.
Have you ever looked in the mirror and thought...what are those Gucci bags doing under my eyes! The feeling of not getting enough sleep is one of the most draining for anyone, especially during transit. For anyone who has crossed multiple time zones, the symptoms of jet lag are all too real.
When your internal biological clock doesn't match up with the new time zone, your body experiences what is actually a temporary sleep disorder. Symptoms include fatigue, headaches, irritability or lack of concentration, which are due to the body's misalignment with the exposure to light and dark. You essentially become a travel vampire.
It's not ideal to land at your destination feeling out of it, especially if you're expected to hit the ground running. The most important part of preventing jet lag symptoms is to gradually adjust your body to a new time zone.
Before a big flight, it's always important to get a good night's sleep, especially if you are traveling eastward, as it makes the day feel longer. If it's a more drastic change, it wouldn't hurt to move up your bedtime to start the change gradually. It's hard, but there are a lot of great over the counter and/or prescription sleep aids like melatonin to help you out and most modern business folk believe in this kind of better living through chemistry.
As mentioned earlier, jet lag is partially induced by the changes in light and dark exposure during your day in transit. It is recommended that manually adjusting the amount of light you receive during the day can help minimize the symptoms caused by jet lag.
For example, if you are traveling eastward, keeping sunglasses on hand or dozing off with an eye mask can help your body fight off prolonged light exposure. Or if you feel like it you can always use one of those ridiculous Ostrich Pillows, but that's up to you.
This post was originally published for INC. Magazine, read the rest of the article here.


Prismworks Technology wins contracts with Midwestern Intermediate Unit IV "Smart Contract" technology purchasing program.
VMWare appoints Prismworks Technology an Enterprise Partner.
Prismworks Technology becomes VMWare VIP Professional Partner.
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