text:
K-Pop's Recipe for Success: Why Korean Idol Groups Got So Big in China and are Conquering the World
The success of K-Pop in China and beyond is evident – the causes for its success are less obvious.
K-Pop (Korean pop music) is one of South Korea's most successful export products today. With bands such as BTS that are dubbed the 'biggest boy band on the planet', it is obvious that the locally produced K-Pop has become a globally well-liked phenomenon. Although its popularity is obvious, the reasons why K-Pop became so big, from China to the US and beyond, are less evident.
On coming Saturday, October 13, the South-Korean boy band BTS will perform in an Amsterdam area in front of thousands of fans who have been looking forward to this event for months. Ticket sales for the first concert of the 7-member boy group in the Netherlands were sold out within minutes, despite their relatively high prices, with people paying up to €250 ($290) in the official sales, or even €400 ($460) and more for a single ticket in the unofficial online sales afterward.
It is not just the success of the BTS European tour that is making headlines; the record-breaking views on YouTube on their videos – the latest being the song 'Idol', that had more than 200 million views in little over a month – is also attracting the attention of the media.
And BTS is not alone. Other Korean pop (K-Pop) groups such as EXO, BIGBANG, TWICE, Shinee, or Got7, have also broken records when it comes to online video views or Spotify plays.
Although the English-language media attention for the K-pop phenomenon is more recent, the Korean entertainment industry has since long been extremely popular in China and on Chinese social media. In this overview, What's on Weibo explores the K-Pop popularity (focusing on its idol boy and girl groups), its short history, and success formula.
BTS and More: An Army of Fans
The pop group BTS (방탄소년단), also known as the Bangtan Boys (防弹少年团, lit: 'Bulletproof Boyscouts'), is an award-winning seven-member South Korean boy band formed by Big Hit Entertainment that debuted in the summer of 2013. They are currently hyped as the "biggest boy band on the planet."
Initial auditions for the band were held in 2010, followed by roughly three years during which the band was formed and prepared for their major debut, that was promoted on social media months before their actual launch in June of 2013.
The band consists of multi-talented young men. Singer-songwriter Kim Seokjin (Jin) (1992) was studying film at Konkuk University when he was invited to audition by Big Hit; rapper Min Yoongi (Suga) (1993) was an underground rapper before he was signed; dancer and rapper Jung Hoseok (J-Hope) (1994) was part of a dance team in his pre-BTS life.
Lead rapper Kim Namjoon (RM) (aka Rap Monster, 1994) was already active in the music scene as rapper and producer; dancer and vocalist Park Jimin (Jimin) (1995) was a top student as Busan School of Arts before joining; vocalist Kim Taehyung (V) (1995) is known to have one of the most expressing voices of the group; and main vocalist Jeon Jungguk (Jungkook) (1997) was only 12 years old when he auditioned for BTS, followed by three years of intense training.
BTS, formerly 'Behind The Scenes', is known for its strong social media presence, which helps to spread its music and connect to its fans, who call themselves an 'ARMY' (also stands for Adorable Representative Master of ceremonies for Youth). The band has more than 16 million followers on Twitter, 3.3 million fans on Weibo, 12 million subscribers on Youtube, and nearly 8 million followers on Facebook.
Although BTS is the band that is currently dominating the headlines, there are many more K-Pop bands that are extremely popular on Weibo and beyond. The nine-member South Korean–Chinese boy band EXO, for example, has dozens of fanclubs on Chinese social media. Band member Oh Se-hun alone already has almost 9,5 million fans on his Weibo page. BIGBANG has more than 7 million Weibo fans, the eight-member girl band Girl's Generation (少女时代) is on the rise with 1,5 million Weibo followers, Super Junior over a million, and the list goes on.
A Short History of K-Pop: Finding a Sublime Entertainment Formula
Besides media attention, there has been ample scholarly attention for the Korean pop culture phenomenon over the past decade. The year 2012 especially marked a special moment in the history of K-Pop, when the song 'Gangnam Style' by Korean rapper Psy broke all YouTube records and became a global hit.
But before K-Pop became a global force to reckon with – that seemingly rose out of nowhere -, it had already made its first international successes in neighboring countries China and Japan since the early 2000s.
In China, the success of Korean popular culture is defined as Hallyu (韩流)*, the 'Korean Wave' since 1997 (Yang 2012, 105). Hallyu encompasses far more than idol bands; it includes the boom of South-Korean dramas, films, celebrity idols, and entertainment programs. In 2002, for example, the South-Korean soap opera 'Winter Sonata' became a hit in both China and Japan.
The former Exo (formation has now altered): a Chinese-South Korean band formed by SM Entertainment in 2011, consisting of twelve members separated into two subgroups, EXO-K and EXO-M, performing music in Korean and Mandarin.
The early 2000s mark the 'first Korean wave' in China, that mainly revolved around TV dramas produced in South Korea and were liked by females above the age of 30. It was followed by the second wave from the mid-2000s to 2010, when the K-Pop music genre popularized in China.
The third period, after 2010, marks the moment when K-Pop was further incorporated into mainstream Chinese popular culture, with a ubiquity of K-Pop idols in everyday Chinese pop culture, and the launch of Chinese versions of Korean entertainment programs (Ahn 2014, 47). It was also in this 'third wave' that you saw the debut of pop groups such as EXO. Formed in 2012, that band incorporates both Korean and Chinese members, performing in both languages.
Although K-Pop from South Korea became somewhat less visible in the PRC during the past few years, mainly because the industry suffered from various politically-motivated bans on Hallyu in China, the genre's influence on China's mainstream pop culture is evident, with some Chinese groups, for example, also being modeled after K-Pop bands.
Entertainment Powerhouses
Many studies explain the foreign success of Korean popular culture in Asia, mainly China and Japan, through "cultural proximity," saying that the success of K-Pop especially occurred in China and Japan because they have, for example, linguistic similarities and corresponding Confucian values (Ahn 2014, 47; Messerlin & Shin 2017, 412).
But the more recent global wave of K-Pop shows that cultural proximity is not the sole answer to the genre's success. Besides, there is actually nothing traditionally "Korean" about K-Pop, which only emerged in the 1990s (Shin & Kim 2013, 256).
The genre's success mainly lies in the big players that brought forth the first Korean pop idol groups and have excelled (and still do) in selecting the right entertainment "products" to invest in, with a strong focus on both on the production side and the market demand side.
SM Entertainment, JYP, and YG Entertainment are the first major and leading entertainment houses of the 1990s. Big Hit Entertainment, home to BTS, followed later; founder Bang Si-Hyuk (1972) used to collaborate with JYP Entertainment founder Park Jin-Young (1971) before going his own way in 2005.
-SM Entertainment, founded 1988 by musician and TV host Lee Soo Man (1952)
-YG Entertainment, founded in 1996 by musician Yang Hyun-Suk (1970)
-JYP Entertainment, founded in 1997 by musician and producer Park Jin-Young (1971)
-Big Hit Entertainment, founded in 2005 by producer/songwriter Bang Si-hyuk (1972)
What characterizes these entertainment houses is that they are/were small in terms of revenue and employees (very different from big labels such as Sony or Universal), and play multiple roles as intermediate between musicians and consumers, as well as producers.
Different from many international big players in the entertainment world, K-Pop entertainment companies integrate processes of artist selection, songwriting, management, signing advertisement deals, etc. in-house rather than leaving these processes to various parties outside their own studio (Shin & Kim 2013, 260). Significant about the founders of these entertainment powerhouses is that they all had ample experience in the music industry themselves before starting their studios.
Lee Soo Man, image via AllKpop.com
The story of SM Entertainment, which was founded by musician and TV host Lee Soo Man in 1988, is crucial in understanding the beginning of the K-Pop industry. Lee was inspired by the transforming American music market after spending time there in the 1980s, and decided to replicate US entertainment in a new way. In his first studio he brought together the right equipment, the right expertise, and the right talent all in one place to kick-start his business (Shin & Kim 2013, 263).
Although the first acts that came from SM's studio were no instant success, Lee was determined in learning through trial and error until he found the right beat and image that struck a chord with young consumers. In doing so, he adopted a strategy in which teenagers were surveyed on what they wanted, and in which he focused on scouting new talent from all over the country to give them intensive training in dancing, singing, and acting at the SM Studio (Shin & Kin 2013, 264).
The band H.O.T. stood at the beginning of the K-Pop genre. (Image by Soompi).
In 1996, eight years after Lee Soo Man started his entertainment company, and going through years of changing, refining, and improving his strategies, the first success was there. The boy band H.O.T., consisting of five hand-picked members who each had their own strength, debuted in 1996 and became the first major success in the short history of K-Pop.
Companies that followed after SM's initial successes further experimented in adopting new strategies and trying out new styles of music, but stayed true to the idea of in-house training of young, new artists, rather than selecting renowned artists with defined styles (Shin & Kim 2013, 264). With frequently held auditions and training programmes that can last for years, some trainees start as young as 5 or 6 so that they are fully equipped for the entertainment industry by the time they reach adolescence (ibid., 265).
More than being teachers, producers, songwriters, marketers, etc., these entertainment houses are also trend watchers; training their talents in various areas now in order to be able to place them in the right setting and format in the future, corresponding with (global) market demands.
Companies such as SM place an emphasis on the export of music, and focus on appealing to global audiences, making use of hundreds of composers and experts from around the world in doing so. In producing and performing the K-pop girl band Girl's Generation's song 'Genie', for example, SM Entertainment used a Japanese choreographer, a Norwegian songwriter, and Korean lyricist (Shim 2016, 38).
SHAPING SUCCESS
The Popularisation of K-Pop: A Digital Strategy
Although a main cause of K-Pop's initial success lies in the (training) strategies adopted by the aforementioned entertainment houses, there are also other major factors that have contributed to its global influence.
The Korean government contributed to the initial success of K-Pop by developing a world-leading internet infrastructure (although the goal of developing that infrastructure, obviously, was not to promote K-Pop), which helped the rapid rise of the genre through online strategies.
According to some studies (e.g. Messerlin & Shin 2017, 422-425), Korean entertainment companies have been the first in the world when it comes to realizing the potential of the internet for the distribution and marketing of their performances; they were already long awake to its possibilities and were acting upon them, while many big players in Europe and America were still focusing on traditional album formats.
What also helped the spread of K-Pop at the time were the relatively friendly and equally balanced Korean policies on issues such as copyright, that were (and are) less protective and restrictive compared to America or the EU (Messerlin & Shin 2017, 421).
The first success (1997-2007) of K-Pop and other Korean popular culture products in China, Japan, and other countries within Asia, have also been called the first major Korean Wave, whereas the current period (2008-present), represents the 'New Korean Wave,' that is defined by the role that is played by new media technology and social media as a platform for K-Pop to reach every corner of the world (Jin 2016).
Online strategies were particularly relevant in the context of the (early) K-Pop industry because 1) it was dominated by relatively small businesses that did not have the means to invest in other major publishing platforms than that of efficient online distribution and 2) they did not have costly plants where they could produce CDs, DVDs, or vinyl. Having the high-tech Korean electronical market on their side, online strategies were thus a natural and cost-efficient solution to give publicity to their performances (Messerlin & Shin 2017, 426). More so than focusing on traditional album releases, the release of digital singles that come with visually attractive online videos, for example, is one important K-Pop production characteristic.
Probably the best example showing that this strategy works is the global success of 'Gangnam Style' that was made possible through YouTube. By now, six years after its release, the world-famous song by Psy, who was signed by YG Entertainment, has over 3,2 billion plays on YouTube.
The revenue of concert tickets for K-pop performances, its merchandise industry, the digital singles, advertisement income, the many brands wanting to associate themselves with the star industry that K-pop has generated, etc., makes K-Pop production a money-making machine that shows that the model that focuses on traditional (CD) album formats and promotional single releases has become outdated.
CONTINUING SUCCESS
Marketing more than a Band: Active Fans and Interesting Characters
While South-Korea's innovative music enterprises were crucial for the international launch of K-pop, its worldwide fanbase has now also become a motor driving its continuing success.
Different from the initial spread of K-Pop in China or other Asian countries – where K-Pop has become common in everyday pop culture -, is that many consumers of the genre in the US, Europe, or elsewhere, fully depend on the internet and social media to access K-Pop, as it is not a genre that is prevalent in the mainstream popular culture of their own countries.
The fact that fans of K-Pop in these regions have to actively seek for the latest information and releases of their favorite groups, also means that they have become participatory and engaged consumers in the spread of K-Pop – almost turning them into the 'soldiers' of fandoms such as the BTS 'army'. They have become part of enormous (online) subcultures in various countries across Europe and America.
More than just listening and watching K-pop, these fans become members of the 'culture' by translating material, circulating it to friends, or integrating it on their own social media channels (Jin & Yoon 2016, 1285).
What further strengthens this fandom is that the successful K-Pop bands are anything but one-dimensional. More than just building on their synced choreography, flawless singing, fashionable looks, and visually attractive videos, the band members of groups such as BTS, EXO, or TWICE, have their own identities, voices, and goals that go beyond music; their various characters and roles within the group resonate with their different fans.
The fact that many K-Pop groups and members also have an androgynous and gender-bender appearance also makes them more interesting to many fans, with many K-pop boys being 'pretty and cute' and girls having a 'strong and handsome' look, breaking through typical male and female stereotypes.
Amber from F(x) has an androgynous look.
Heechul from boy band Super Junior.
Furthermore, more than pop bands, these K-Pop groups have virtually become 'platforms' with their own streaming channels, websites, television shows, merchandise shops, lively online communities, stories, and so on.
In their recent appearance on the US Tonight Show by Jimmy Fallon, BTS frontman RM explained the group's mission in perfect English, saying: "It is about speaking yourself, instead of letting other people speaking for you. Cause in order to truly know ourselves, it is important to firstly know who I am, where I'm from, what my name is, and what my voice is."
Many find their voice in K-Pop. And that is a sound, from a local Korean product to a global force, we can expect to grow much louder in the future.
* For clarity: note that due to scope this article focuses on the development of the K-pop phenomenon, and does not explore the anti-Hallyu or anti-Korean wave movement in China, and the previous bans on Hallyu in the PRC.
Ahn, Jungah. 2014. "The New Korean Wave in China: Chinese Uders' Use of Korean Popular Culture via the Internet." International Journal of Contents, 10 (3): 47-54.
Jin, Dal Yong. 2016. New Korean Wave: Transnational Culture in the Age of Social Media. University of Illinois.
Jin, Dal Yong, and Kyong Yoon.2016. "The Social Mediascape of Transnational Korean Pop Culture: Hallyu 2.0 as Spreadable Media Practice." New Media & Society 18 (7): 1277-1292.
Messerlin, Patrick A. and Wonkyu Shin. 2017. "The Success of K-Pop: How Big and Why So Fast?" Asian Journal of Social Science 45: 409-439.
Shim, Doobo. 2016. "Hybridity, Korean Wave, and Asian media." Routledge Handbook of East Asian Popular Culture,Koichi Iwabuchi, Eva Tsai, Chris Berry (eds), Chapter 3. London: Routledge.
Shin, Solee I. and Lanu Kim. "Organizing K-Pop: Emergence and Market Making of Large Korean Entertainment Houses, 1980-2010." East Asia 30: 255-272.
Yang, Jonghoe. 2012. "The Korean Wave (Hallyu) in East Asia: A Comparison of Chinese, Japanese, and Taiwanese Audiences Who Watch Korean TV Dramas." Development and Society, 41 (1): 103-147.
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text:
Q: React js Navigation through table rows

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Link } from 'react-router'
import { Dropdown, DropdownMenu, DropdownItem, Progress } from 'reactstrap';

class Notifications extends Component {
  constructor(){
    super();
    this.state = {
            data:[
                {title:"Nikko Laus1" , text:"abcd" , type:"Big text" },
                {title:"Sam Collins", text:"" ,type:"Inbox style"},
                {title:"Sam ", text:"" ,type:"Image style"}
            ]
        };
  }

  render() {
    let rows = this.state.data.map(person =>
        {
            return <TableRow key={person.id} data={person}/>
        });
    return (

                <Link to={'/Components/BasicNotification'} style= {{ width:20 + '%' }} className="nav-link btn btn-block btn-success" activeClassName="active">Add Notification</Link>

                 Manage Notifications

                {this.props.type.Bigtext ? <Link to={'/Components/BigText'} className="nav-link" activeClassName="active" />:
                this.props.type.ImageStyle ? <Link to={'/Components/ImageStyle'} className="nav-link" activeClassName="active" />:
                <Link to={'/Components/InboxStyle'}   className="nav-link" activeClassName="active" />}
                 {rows}

<Link to={'/components/tabs'} style={{ width:20 + '%' }} className="px-1 nav-link btn btn-block btn-success" activeClassName="active">Filter Notifications</Link>

    )
  }
}

class TableRow extends React.Component
{
    constructor()
    {
        super();
    }

    render()
    {
        return (

                    {this.props.data.title}

                    {this.props.data.text}

            );
    }
}

export default Notifications;

I want to give condition and if else condition and using that condition I want to open an particular page as seen in the code snippet.
But when I run no output comes at all.
I just wanted to do like on the basis of notification type relevant page is to be opened on clicking that table row

A: You can make use of this.context.router.push to dynamically change the route onClick of the table row. See the below snippet.
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { Link } from 'react-router'
import { Dropdown, DropdownMenu, DropdownItem, Progress } from 'reactstrap';

class Notifications extends Component {
  constructor(){
    super();
    this.state = {
            data:[
                {title:"Nikko Laus1" , text:"abcd" , type:"Big text" },
                {title:"Sam Collins", text:"" ,type:"Inbox style"},
                {title:"Sam ", text:"" ,type:"Image style"}
            ]
        };
  }
  static contextTypes = {
    router: React.PropTypes.object
  }
  handleClick = (index) => {

      if(this.state.data[index].type === "Big text") {
          this.context.router.push('/Components/BigText');
      } else if(this.state.data[index].type === "Image style") {
          this.context.router.push('/Components/ImageStyle');
      } else {
          this.context.router.push('/Components/InboxStyle');
      }

  }
  render() {
    let rows = this.state.data.map((person, index) =>
        {
            return <TableRow key={person.id} data={person} onClick={this.handleClick.bind(this, index)}/>
        });
    return (

                <Link to={'/Components/BasicNotification'} style= {{ width:20 + '%' }} className="nav-link btn btn-block btn-success" activeClassName="active">Add Notification</Link>

                 Manage Notifications

                 {rows}

<Link to={'/components/tabs'} style={{ width:20 + '%' }} className="px-1 nav-link btn btn-block btn-success" activeClassName="active">Filter Notifications</Link>

    )
  }
}

class TableRow extends React.Component
{
    constructor(props)
    {
        super(props);
    }

    render()
    {
        return (

                    {this.props.data.title}

                    {this.props.data.text}

            );
    }
}

export default Notifications;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Хуан Пабло Варильяс (; ) — перуанский профессиональный теннисист. Участник летних Олимпийских игр 2020 года. Бронзовый призёр Панамериканских игр 2019 года.

Спортивная карьера
Варильяс начал свою профессиональную карьеру с турниров ITF Future Tour. Свой первый полноценный сезон он отыграл в 2014 году, где ему удалось выиграть свой первый титул в парном разряде. Год спустя он дебютировал за перуанскую команду в Кубке Дэвиса, но проиграл все три матча в одиночном разряде, а также уступил и в парном разряде. В последующие годы ему не удалось значительно подняться в мировом рейтинге, и только в 2017 году ему удалось войти в топ-500 в одиночном разряде.

В 2018 году он впервые завоевал титул чемпиона Future Level в одиночном разряде, что привело к дальнейшему повышению в мировом рейтинге. На Южноамериканских играх он выиграл бронзовую медаль в одиночном разряде, в парном разряде проиграл в финале и завоевал серебряную медаль.

Год спустя он участвовал в Панамериканских играх, которые проходили в Лиме. В одиночном разряде он проиграл в четвертьфинале Марсело Томасу Барриосу Вере, а в парном разряде со своим партнером Серхио Гальдосом он выиграл бронзовую медаль. В октябре 2019 года Варильяс одержал победы в двух турнирах ATP Challenger Tour. В 2021 году принимал участие в летних Олимпийских играх в Токио. В одиночном разряде в первом раунде уступил Диего Шварцману.

В 2022 году дебютировал на турнире Большого шлема, сыграв в матче первого круга на Открытом чемпионате Франции по теннису. В январе 2023 года вновь сыграл в первом круге на турнире Большого шлема в Австралии, где уступил Александру Звереву. На турнире ATP тура в Буэнос-Айресе, в феврале 2023 года, победив в квалификации, дошёл до полуфинала.

Рейтинг на конец года

Примечания

Теннисисты Перу
Теннисисты на летних Олимпийских играх 2020 года

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Floor to ceiling art! Hello!!! Looks like he just adds a new nail and a piece of art also! Hmmm... patchwork chair? Speaking my language!
Holy Blue Batman! I am liking... Are you?
BUT... I spy with my little eye... My new Kantha throw that I got at HomeGoods for $40. SCORE!
One of these bad boys tossed over the back of a sofa or chair is a great way to mix it up.
Check out Etsy for one if HG is out!! There's lots of things out there to boho your space!
I love these Ikea pillows and for the price?!?! You can't afford NOT to own them!
Also remember One Kings Lane and Joss & Main for unique finds!
I have about 3 of this guys pieces off of Ebay. I love the saturated color and abstract images. See him here. Check him out while he is still affordable!
I feel like the monkey from Outbreak. Read has packed up all of the kids and taken them to see his parents (OUT OF TOWN) to avoid the flu. While it seems a little extreme, I did not argue. Not. One. Bit. I am considering giving him the Father of the Year Award (based on what time they come home tomorrow).
\I am still laid up in bed and think I have died and gone to heaven. I have watched hours of HGTV, napped and surfed Pinterest until it was time for another nap. Seriously, what is better than this? The repairs are almost done on the exterior of our house and I have to come up with a paint color. Why is it that I could tell a client what color to use in a second, but have been agonizing over this for months?
Today is milestone for our family. I don't often divulge too many personal things on the blog but this is a big deal for us and I am so deeply thankful that I wanted to share.
Six years ago, my husband closed his building business to a failing economy. We had to sell our house and felt displaced for quite some time. One day, I was searching the internet for rentals and I found the perfect spot. It had been on the market for 2 years and the second I saw it, I knew. I told Read: "I found our home". He said, like every rational husband would: "That's great, but it's not for rent." Like that's a big deal. I called the realtor immediately (Read thought I was jumping ahead...). She showed it to us and the moment I walked in, I just knew. It needed some work and it was a little dated, but I could see past that. It was love at first sight. The realtor asked us if we wanted to see the upstairs. I said: "No need, it's perfect." (Read, at this point is thinking I am wayyy off my rocker).
Some how, our gracious (soon to be Landlord) agreed to let us rent with an option to buy it. She has been amazing. She let me paint, gut the bathroom (when it sprang a leak), put in new light fixtures... little by little, we made this house our home. Even though we were "just renters", it has never felt like that to me. It has been four wonderful years of growth, faith and hoping that one day, we would buy the house we have loved for the last four years.
You can read more about the leak and see the before pictures here.
Remember my kitchen that felt like I worked at Checkers?
And of course, the laundry room floor, which I am sparing you because I am sure you are over it. It has all been a labor of love.
I love everything about this house. The quirks, the rotted wood siding we are about to have to replace. I love that we have lived in a pink house. We are going to have to paint the exterior once the wood is repaired. Help! What to do? Should I keep it pink?
This morning, we became homeowners again! We are so thankful for God's provision (always) but over the last six years, we have been so aware of His plan for us, our career paths and where we would eventually land. To each and every client, you have played a part in that which is why I wanted to share our story with you.
I hope your day is filled with joy.
How about you, anyone in? Up for an adventure? Roadside stand in Jamaica?
Happy Valentines day and all things sweet, pink, lovable, romantic... the list goes on.
I bought Graham a singing Hallmark card. I was in a rush when I grabbed it. It said something about being beautiful and loving the recipient a lot. By "a lot", I mean "A LOT". I quickly opened it up and saw some cute lady bugs. Perfect, I think. Perfect for a nine year old little girl. She loves ladybugs.
Evidently, these lady bugs love each other. You open the card and KC and the Sunshine band belt out "That's The Way (uh huh) I like it". Still cute. I think. Last night at midnight while I am putting the finishing touches on their Valentines, I go to sign her cute singing card. The ladybugs "dance" on top of each other. Great. Read made me give it to her anyway because the boys were getting appropriate singing cards and she might feel left out. She thought it was the cutest card ever and wanted to take it to school to show off the dancing lady bugs. Uh oh. I stole it out of her backpack and am sad to say that is has now gone missing. In other Valentines Day news... This rug is arriving today for a client and I can hardly wait. She loves blue and so I'm hoping she will flip over the plan for the room. I plan on pulling out the color of the day... Pink (or dare I say fuschia)!
I'll keep you posted on the plan -- keeping my fingers crossed this rug is the jumping off point! In other design news. My dear client is moving back into the house that I wrecked. Can't wait to show you the outcome. Bug Big things going on over here... But the most important thing is ....drumroll.... LINDLEY IS DOUBLE DIGITS!!!!
Happy Valentines, We Heart you.
Normally, I don't do this. I am all about working with what you have. Sometimes however, what you have is not worth working with. Scary, I know. Even if you get creative. This unsuspecting client called me in for a master bath makeover. I told her (in my sweetest) honest voice: It's not worth it.
The bathroom was choppy, the shower was tiny, the tile was disgusting, and there was a bidet. It was not pretty. Changing the wallpaper and updating the backsplash can only do so much in a very dated bathroom. I was afraid that when it was finished, she still wouldn't like the look or function of her master bath.
One thing lead to another and before we were done, the bathroom was gutted, the kitchen was gutted and two other bathrooms were down to the studs. I make it sound so easy, but there was a great deal of deliberation, tons of estimates, second estimate, third estimate... and when it was all said and done, this family had to move out to achieve the look they had always dreamed of. Sounds pretty painful.
Happy days are here again because moving day is tomorrow!!! Hopefully, the pain of renovating will be forgotten when they see the end result. I wanted to give you a sneak peak before we put all of the furnishings into their brand new home.
Here is a sneak peak of the master. It is a recycled glass sconce and killer tile... can't wait to show you the rest!
A dated wood/brass ceiling fan got replaced with this Arteriors glass bottle chandelier. It's beautiful in their two story living room.
These dining chairs are going in the (very) updated dining room below. These are Gabby and aren't the gorgeous?
Check out their new dining room! It is awaiting a very long limed oak dining table.
You can see (from the kitchen), the old version of the dining room. It's so bright now and we sanded off the faux finish for clean, smooth Elmira White and a Hollingsworth Green ceiling (both Ben Moore colors). Just wait until you see the kitchen. You will FLIP.
While Ann is sunning it up in Montego Bay for several days, I'm here at home stuck in this.
By the time you read this I will be in JAMAICA!!! Yes, I am furiously packing because Jeff and I have a 7 a.m. flight. By 12:30 I will be basking in the sun, and holding a drink with an umbrella in it. (Not really, I'm not much of a fru- fru drink girl, but you get the idea... I won't be here! ) I am not trying to brag (Is that rain I hear?) but I am REALLY excited. For one, Jeff and I do not go anywhere. In fact once a year we pack up the whole fam and drive 15 minutes for a weeks vacation at Wrightsville Beach. (woop, woop!) So how are we getting away AND not bringing the kids you ask? ...Company trip baby! Which brings me to the funny part. We are going to Secrets in Montego Bay. There, I said it (actually I whispered it in an obnoxious naughty voice) but that's the name of the resort. Anyone else have a heart shaped jacuzzi in the room image? I'm no marketing genius but "Secrets"? Really? Is that the most cheese ball name you have ever heard?
Those that have gone before me said the resort is great. I'm just thinking they might want to change the name. Maybe there is a suggestion box. Anyhoo, that's just a detail. I have no doubt in my mind we will have a great time.
A friend/client asked me to create a new room for her little girl because a little brother is on the way. They wanted to move her to a new room. To make the transition (of a new room and a baby brother) a little easier, we totally tricked it out. She wanted something fresh, current and something that could grow with her four year old. Because part of this little girl's heritage comes from India, we thought she needed a room that would reflect her family's culture as well as her four year old sense of style. And yes, she has one.
"I would prefer purple lamps but I like pink". So with all that in mind..
She got the purple lamps and a custom mural by Ann, a dressing area, a reading nook and a vibrant sari inspired retreat.
How beautiful are these knobs from Hobby Lobby? Pretty great on their existing clean-lined dresser.
The paper star lantern is the perfect amount of light over the day bed.
And a pretty trunk for books and a cozy throw.
Did I mention all windows are equipped with black out, custom Roman shades? Perfect for sleeping late (fingers crossed).
We added a little bling to the ceiling by replacing the dark wood ceiling fan with this glass drop chandelier from Lowes.
... and carried the bling over to the vanity table with a mirror from HomeGoods and a giant perfume bottle. How glam!


text:
Broadband / Most Viewed
No Fines for Comcast
Note: this is an update on my earlier story, which incorrectly said that the AP reported that Chairman Martin was seeking to impose "fines" on Comcast. In fact, the story used the word "punish" rather than "fine," and a headline writer at the New York Times added "penalty" to it "F.C.C. Chairman Favors Penalty on Comcast" (I won't quote the story because I'm a blogger and the AP is the AP, so click through.) Much of the initial reaction to the story was obviously colored by the headline. more
Richard Bennett
YouTube's Fine - Analysts Don't Understand Internet Peering
As widely reported, Credit Suisse analysts have estimated Google's YouTube may lose $470M in 2009 and more in the future. However, their estimates say Google will pay $360M for bandwidth in 2009. I don't know how Google figures their cost of bandwidth, but anyone who understands anything about Internet transit/peering knows Credit is way off base. more
Brough Turner
Hunting Unicorns: Myths and Realities of the Net Neutrality Debate
In many ways, the emotionally charged debate on Network Neutrality (NN) has been a lot like hunting Unicorns. While hunting the mythical horse could be filled with adrenalin, emotion, and likely be quite entertaining, the prize would ultimately prove to be elusive. As a myth, entertaining; but when myths become reality, then all bets are off. The Network Neutrality public and private debate has been filled with more emotion than rational discussion, and in its wake a number of myths have become accepted as reality. Unfortunately, public policy, consumer broadband services, and service provider business survival hang in the balance. more
Kurt Dobbins
DPI is Not a Four-Letter Word!
As founder and CTO of Ellacoya Networks, a pioneer in Deep Packet Inspection (DPI), and now having spent the last year at Arbor Networks, a pioneer in network-based security, I have witnessed first hand the evolution of DPI. It has evolved from a niche traffic management technology to an integrated service delivery platform. Once relegated to the dark corners of the central office, DPI has become the network element that enables subscriber opt-in for new services, transparency of traffic usage and quotas, fairness during peak busy hours and protection from denial of service attacks, all the while protecting and maintaining the privacy of broadband users. Yet, DPI still gets a bad rap... more
Has the FCC Created a Stone Too Heavy for It to Lift?
After five years of bickering, the FCC passed an Open Internet Report & Order on a partisan 3-2 vote this week. The order is meant to guarantee that the Internet of the future will be just as free and open as the Internet of the past. Its success depends on how fast the Commission can transform itself from an old school telecom regulator wired to resist change into an innovation stimulator embracing opportunity. One thing we can be sure about is that the order hasn't tamped down the hyperbole that's fueled the fight to control the Internet's constituent parts for all these years. more
SpaceX began public beta testing of the Starlink Internet service late last October. At that time, testing was restricted to locations in the US, near 53 degrees north latitude, where coverage was concentrated. Since then, they have made many software updates based on the beta experience and have expanded the uninterrupted-coverage area by launching new satellites. more
Australia's Open National Broadband Network Sets the Benchmark for the USA
As someone closely involved with the Australian National Broadband Network (NBN) and many other fibre plans around the globe, I would like to provide an inside picture of the revolutionary developments that are taking place in the Australian broadband market. Australia's national broadband network will be an FttH-based open wholesale network -- a network that will connect (not pass) 90% of all Australians to fibre, with the remaining 10% of the population being linked to that network through technologies that are capable of delivering equivalent services. more
Paul Budde
CERN's Grid 10,000 Times Faster than Broadband
CERN, The European Organization for Nuclear Research, has been working on an Internet replacement called The Grid that's 10,000 times faster than broadband. At speeds about 10,000 times faster than a typical broadband connection, "the grid" will be able to send the entire Rolling Stones back catalogue from Britain to Japan in less than two seconds... more
External Source
Google Signs Internet Deal With Cuba
Google has signed an agreement with the Cuban government allowing internet users on the Communist-run island quicker access to its branded content. more
CircleID Reporter
OneWeb Satellite Internet Project Status Update
SpaceX and OneWeb are formidable, experienced competitors in a race to become global Internet service providers using satellite constellations -- routers in space. I posted a status report on SpaceX last week, now let's look at OneWeb. OneWeb founder and executive chairman Greg Wyler has extensive experience with networking in developing nations. In 2003 his company, Terracom, signed a contract to connect Rwandan schools, government institutions, and homes. more
The Great Internet Transformation? A First Stab
Is it just a coincidence that some of the leading Internet-based application companies are pushing aggressively into network connectivity at exactly the same time the major telephone companies are pushing into content? Or are we witnessing the end of the Internet as we know it? Think back to the online world fifteen years ago. There was AOL, there was Compuserve, there was Prodigy, and there was Apple's eWorld. Sure, there were researchers and students posting to Usenet newsgroups and navigating through Gopher sites, but the Internet was a sideshow for individuals and business users. ...the online world of those days was fragmented and small. Every online service was an island. Are we going back to those days? more
Internet Traffic Growth Rate Falling by Half in U.S. According to Cisco VNI
In 2014, Cisco estimates Internet traffic growth in the U.S. will be less than 18%, far less than most previous estimates. Worldwide, they measure the current rate at 42% and expect that to fall to 30% in four years. Actual numbers at Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) is the definitive source on Internet traffic today because they have direct relationships with carriers from China Telecom to AT&T. Their future estimates are the most carefully done publicly available. more
Dave Burstein
Annual Global IP Traffic Will Exceed Two-Third of a Zettabyte in 4 Years
Annual global IP traffic will pass two-thirds of a zettabyte in four years according the Cisco's Visual Networking Index report. The economic downturn has only slightly tempered traffic growth and the global IP traffic is expected to quintuple from 2008 to 2013. Cisco predicts IP traffic to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 40%. more
In Praise of Relatively Dumb Pipes
Comcast's furtive and undisclosed traffic manipulation reminds me of a curious, red herring asserted by some incumbent carriers and their sponsored researchers: that without complete freedom to vertically and horizontally integrate the carriers would lose synergies, efficiencies and be relegated to operating "dumb pipes."... Constructing and operating the pipes instead of creating the stuff that traverses them gets a bad rap. It may not be sexy, but it probably has less risk. But of course with less risk comes less reward, and suddenly no one in the telecommunications business is content with that. So incumbent carriers assert that convergence and competitive necessity requires them to add "value" to the pipes. more
Rob Frieden
Exploring the Roots of Wireless Spectrum Controversy (eComm Panel)
Earlier this month, I had the opportunity to attend the The Emerging Communications (eComm) 2009 conference in San Francisco which was packed with 3 days of fascinating conversations about the future of communications. I absolutely enjoyed talking to various speakers and attendees giving me a deep level of appreciation and perspective on technical, commercial and political issues at hand -- and what is likely to come in the next few years. And speaking of politics, Lee Dryburgh, who founded eComm in early 2008, has generously allowed us to share with you a fascinating panel discussion which took place on day 3 of the conference called "Spectrum 2.0 - What's really happening?" more
Ali Farshchian
<1234>Last »
i2Coalition and DNA Merger Creates North America's Largest Internet Infrastructure Advocacy Group
By i2Coalition
i2Coalition Launches Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Internet Infrastructure Providers
Currents of Change: Empowering the Growth and Interplay of Subsea and Interconnection
By DE-CIX
i2Coalition Statement on FCC Passage of "Restoring Internet Freedom Order"
Ofcom Benchmarking UK Broadband Performance Welcomed, But Needs Considerable Improvement
By Afilias Mobile & Web Services
Neustar Chief Technology Officer Appointed to FCC's Technological Advisory Council
By GoDaddy Registry
Neustar Labs Innovation Center Grand Opening (Video)
How Secure is Your Mobile Network? And Does It Even Matter? (Webinar)
By Nominum
Neustar and University of Illinois Launch the Neustar Innovation Center
Nominum Launches World's First Purpose-Built Suite of DNS‐Based Solutions for Mobile Operators
72 Confirmed Talks - If You're Attending, Now is the Time to Register
By eComm
eComm 2009: Discussions on Restructuring Global Telecoms
Ben Scott and Free Press in the Network Age
By Supernova
Supernova Interview: David Isenberg
Wendy Seltzer Interview: How Law Impacts the Network Age

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Good news and band news for fans of Dry The River. The good news is there's some new material with the band dropping a new EP today - the band news is that it's their last and they're splitting up.
The band became favourites at festivals, but never quite amassed the following that matched the sheer scale and scope of their huge alt-folk sound from their two albums, Alarms In The Heart and Shallow Bed.
As a parting gift, the band today release their final EP - Hooves Of Doubt. It's available now on iTunes here or listen to it below.
"Sons & Daughters of the River, We've had an incredible seven years, but we've decided it's time to move on to new endeavours," say the band in a statement.
"This message is a thank you, really - your figurative and literal support has single-handedly kept us going, through rough economic times, label and lineup changes. Although the music industry is changing the underlying transaction is always the same - when you buy records, tickets and t-shirts you keep the bands you love afloat, and we're grateful beyond words that you've carried us through more than 500 shows in 50 countries.
"Today we release a parting gift in the form of an EP 'Hooves of Doubt', a collection of songs recorded at the same time as Alarms in the Heart. You can listen / buy / stream that below. Thanks to Huw Stephens for playing the title track on his show last night."
They continued: "Love to everyone who's been part of our extended family for this unpredictable and unimaginable journey. Look after yourselves, and hopefully we'll bump into some of you in our new lives."
Read our interview with Dry The River from last year here.


text:
---
layout:     post
title:      "SpringCloud 框架实战学习(3)--- 网关 负载均衡 熔断"
date:       UTC2017-11-02 15:38:00
author:     "Pearpai"
header-img: "img/head/spring-cloud-head.jpeg"
catalog: true
tags:
    - SpringCloud
---
# 当前架构图
 ![添加网关架构图](/img/blog/springcloud/zuul-server-1.png)

此架构中添加了网关zuul、feign 断路器

## 使用Zuul 可以进行的操作
- 认证
- 洞察
- 压力测试
- 金丝雀测试
- 动态路由
- 服务前移
- 负载脱落
- 安全
- 静态响应处理
- 主动/主动流量管理

Zuul的规则引擎运行基本上写任何JVM语言编写规则和过滤器,内置Java和Groovy。

## 项目依赖
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.ridge</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-cloud-frame</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>ridge-getway-service</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>ridge-getway-service</name>
    <description>ridge-getway-service</description>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>
```
## zuul server 启动
使用@EnableZuulProxy注释Spring Boot主类,并将本地调用转发到相应的服务。

```java
package com.ridge;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class RidgeGetWayServiceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RidgeGetWayServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}
```
## zuul server 配置
```ymal
management:
  security:
    enabled: false

eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://wuyunfeng:wuyunfeng@server1:8761/eureka/,http://wuyunfeng:wuyunfeng@server1:8762/eureka/

server:
  port: 8084
spring:
  application:
    name: ridge-getway-service
  cloud:
    config:
      discovery:
        enabled: true
        service-id: ridge-config-service
  rabbitmq:
    host: localhost
    port: 5672

# 网关服务 配置
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      path: /api-a/**
      serviceId: ribbon-service
    api-b:
      path: /api-b/**
      serviceId: ridge-client
    api-c:
      path: /api-c/**
      serviceId: ridge-client-b
  host:
    connect-timeout-millis: 10000
#  ignored-services: '*'

# 首次请求超时 设置
hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 60000

ribbon:
  ConnectTimeout: 3000
  ReadTimeout: 60000
```

## zuul server 安全控制
```java
package com.ridge.filter;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * Summary: 此处进行安全过滤
 * Created by wuyunfeng on 26. 十月 2017 下午1:51.
 */
@Component
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter {

    private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);

    /**
     * 过滤类型
     * String ERROR_TYPE = "error"; 处理请求发送错误时被调用
     * String POST_TYPE = "post"; 在 route 和 error 过滤器之后被调用
     * String PRE_TYPE = "pre"; 请求被如有之前调用
     * String ROUTE_TYPE = "route"; 在路由请求时被调用
     */
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
    }

    // 过滤器排序即执行顺序
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return FilterConstants.SEND_ERROR_FILTER_ORDER;
    }

    // 是否使用此过滤器
    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        // 官方demo
        // RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        // return !ctx.containsKey(FORWARD_TO_KEY) // a filter has already forwarded
        //        && !ctx.containsKey(SERVICE_ID_KEY); // a filter has already determined serviceId
        return true;
    }

    // 执行过滤方法
    @Override
    public Object run() {
        RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
        log.info(String.format("%s  >>>>>>>>>>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
        Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
        //todo 此处获取 对token 进行判断
        if (accessToken == null) {
            log.warn("token is empty");
            ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
            try {
                ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
            } catch (Exception ignore) {
            }
            return null;
        }
        return null;
    }
}
```
## Hystrix 断路
```java
package com.ridge.component;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * Summary: 断路器
 * Created by wuyunfeng on 02. 十一月 2017 下午11:41.
 */
@Component
public class MyFallbackProvider implements ZuulFallbackProvider {
    /**
     * 此处的返回是service 不是直接路径 如果配置serviceId的 需要进行处理
     * @return serviceID
     */
    @Override
    public String getRoute() {
        // 匹配所有
        // return "*";
        return "ridge-client-b";
    }

    @Override
    public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
        return new ClientHttpResponse() {
            @Override
            public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return HttpStatus.OK;
            }

            @Override
            public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
                return 200;
            }

            @Override
            public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
                return "OK";
            }

            @Override
            public void close() {

            }

            @Override
            public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
                return new ByteArrayInputStream("fallback".getBytes());
            }

            @Override
            public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
                HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
//                headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
                return headers;
            }
        };
    }
}
```
## 错误路径 返回
```java
package com.ridge.controller;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorController;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * Summary: 错误路径处理方式
 * Created by wuyunfeng on 06. 十一月 2017 下午2:19.
 */
@RestController
public class MyErrorController implements ErrorController {

    private static final String ERROR_PATH = "/error";

    // TODO: 2017/11/6 网关处理返回格式 需要与个服务的处理一直 此处需要后期进行处理
    @RequestMapping("/error")
    public String error(){
        return "error path";
    }

    @Override
    public String getErrorPath() {
        return ERROR_PATH;
    }
}
```
## 后续feign
此节主要内容是对zull 网关的 学习,主要包括断路器、错误返回以及相关配置。下节是对feign的集成:service 层负载均衡以及熔断。

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It's a fact that contaminants exist, but there are some places where they cannot be allowed.
Naturally occurring radium, hydrogen sulfide, and iron kept reappearing in well two and three of Seneca, Illinois. With the leadership of Seneca's water operator, Paul Rivett and the engineer, Chamlin and Associates, the village renovated the existing facility, bringing contaminant levels greatly below EPA standards.
The equipment for the project included three vertical pressure filters, one Forced Draft Aerator, a Detention Chamber and an HMO Chemical Feed System. Because of the renovations, the village's water system can safely be taken off the watch list for radium. The plant's new HMO System utilizing a pre-mixed solution guarantees to remove the radium. As for the hydrogen sulfide in well two and the iron in well three, the new system also removes them. The turbulence and airflow from the tower pushes the hydrogen sulfide out into the atmosphere while simultaneously oxidizing the iron to an insoluble ferric hydroxide state that forms a floc, allowing it to be filtered.
With their new hydrous manganese oxide (HMO) radium removal plant, the Village of Seneca won't have to worry anymore about water contaminants. Everyone involved with the plant made sure of it!


Yes, you need a travel adapter (plug adapter) for a trip from Australia to Georgia. In Georgia, people are using different power plugs and power outlets that are not compatible with plugs from Australia!
Which types of power plugs are used in Georgia?
Georgia uses power plugs of type C and F. Power outlets of type I, which are common in Australia, are not in use in Georgia.
The frequency, therefore, is the same as in Australia. That's why it is safe to use all your electric appliances in Georgia.


text:
Investigative Reporting Costs Money
This morning we sent out our end of year fundraising appeal. You can read the full text here but the gist of it is this: The Nation is facing a significant budget shortfall, at a moment when support for investigative journalism is collapsing. The definition of "journalism," and the debate over how people get their content, who pays for it and what form it takes is changing every day. As The Nation's Editor, these shifts in the media landscape are fascinating. As The Nation's Publisher, these changes are alarming. Reporting--real, gritty, hands-on journalism--costs serious money.
This morning we sent out our end of year fundraising appeal. You can read the full text here but the gist of it is this: The Nation is facing a significant budget shortfall, at a moment when support for investigative journalism is collapsing. The definition of "journalism," and the debate over how people get their content, who pays for it and what form it takes is changing every day. As The Nation's Editor, these shifts in the media landscape are fascinating. As The Nation's Publisher, these changes are alarming. Reporting–real, gritty, hands-on journalism–costs serious money.
That's why we focused our appeal this year on investigative journalism, like Jeremy Scahill's continued reporting on the role of military contractors, Aram Roston's stunning expose about the routine bribing of the Taliban, and A.C. Thompson's disturbing, over two-year investigation into vigilante violence in New Orleans. This is work that demands knowledgeable and demanding editors, travel budgets, outlays for research and rigorous lawyering. It is hard and expensive work.
One of the challenges The Nation faces is that the work may originate here, but readers come across it in all sorts of venues. Maybe a progressive news site like Alternet, Common Dreams or Buzzflash has linked to a piece or re-printed it in full. Perhaps CBSNews.com or NPR.org (sites with which we have some content-sharing arrangement) have re-run all or some of a piece that originated in The Nation. If we publish a big news story, a site like Huffington Post might run a one or two paragraph excerpt. This is journalism today, and many of these sites are playing critical roles in getting news out to a wider audience. We consider these sites friends, allies and partners. But the problem is that once the time comes to pay the bills, not all of their readers are aware that the initial investment was ours.
I tried to make this point in our appeal this morning, and in the process inadvertently criticized some of these valued partners. I noted that some of these sites "don't contribute a penny" to produce the journalism that we invest in. That's true, but my letter didn't communicate what they do contribute. We believe sites like Buzzflash, Alternet and Common Dreams are playing a critical and important role in the political debate today, and doing a great service to their readers. They are playing a different role (that was my point) but it is an important one.
Over at Buzzflash, Mark Karlin argued passionately that we slandered them in an effort to raise money. Here's his post. To be clear: The sites mentioned in our appeal are running our stories with our permission. There are times where a big story grips our community, and it's exciting to see a diverse, vibrant and strong independent press sounding the alarm at a variety of sites and formats. So if our appeal denigrated Alternet, Buzzflash or Common Dreams in any way, I regret that. They are institutions worthy of your support, and we have great respect for their work.
But the cold hard fact is that as more and more sites (and social networks) draw eyeballs and traffic by aggregating news, the underpinnings that support news-gathering itself are giving way. You may have read about Aram Roston's investigation on Twitter, or seen it summarized on HuffPo, or even re-printed in full on Alternet, but someone had to send him to Afghanistan to do the work on the ground. (Much of our investigative work is accomplished through the great work of The Investigative Fund at The Nation Institute, which supports much of our reporting and investigative journalism at many other independent media outlets.) The intent of our appeal was to make that case–that investigative reporting has value, especially with more newsrooms closing every day.
So if you value the ways in which sites like Buzzflash, Alternet and Common Dreams bring the news together, you should support them financially–and I hope that you will. But in this winter of our discontent, with healthcare reform crumbling and escalation in Afghanistan, we encourage you to also remember where much of the critical news reporting of the day has originated, and to support our work in any way you can.
This is still the beginning of a long and hard conversation about what journalism is becoming and how to pay for it. We appreciate your support, we regret any misunderstanding, and we appreciate the criticism and prodding from our partners in the progressive online media about how we can all rise together.


Download Book Inside Family Viewing Routledge Revivals Ethnographic Research On Television S Audiences in PDF format. You can Read Online Inside Family Viewing Routledge Revivals Ethnographic Research On Television S Audiences here in PDF, EPUB, Mobi or Docx formats.
Television is changing almost beyond recognition. In the battle for consumers, social media sites, smart phones and tablets have become rivals to traditional linear TV. However, audiences and producers are also embracing mobile platforms to enhance TV viewing itself. This book examines the emerging phenomenon of the second screen: where users are increasingly engaging with content on two screens concurrently. The practice is transforming television into an interactive, participatory and social experience. James Blake examines interactive television from three crucial angles: audience motivation and agency, advances in TV production and the monetisation of second screen content. He also tracks its evolution by bringing together interviews with more than 25 television industry professionals - across the major UK channels - including commissioning editors, digital directors, producers and advertising executives. These reveal the successes and failures of recent experiments and the innovations in second screen projects. As the second screen becomes second nature for viewers and producers, the risks and opportunities for the future of television are slowly beginning to emerge. Television and the Second Screen will offer students and scholars of television theory, industry professionals and anyone with an abiding interest in television and technology, an accessible and illuminating guide to this important cultural shift.


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'The House That Jack Built' Director Lars von Trier Says His Serial Killer Thriller Parallels Donald Trump's Rise
The film stars Matt Dillon in the leading role and is set to be released in 2018.
Yoselin Acevedo
Lars von Trier, co-founder of Zentropa
Willi Schneider/REX/Shutterstock
Lars von Trier has never shied away from controversy. Now, the Danish writer/director has revealed that his upcoming serial-killer thriller, "The House That Jack Built," is partly inspired by none other than Donald Trump.
In a recent interview with The Guardian, the filmmaker said, "'The House That Jack Built' celebrates the idea that life is evil and soulless, which is sadly proven by the recent rise of the Homo trumpus – the rat king."
READ MORE: Lars von Trier's 'The House That Jack Built' Adds Riley Keough and Sofie Gråbøl
"The House That Jack Built" stars Matt Dillon in the leading role. Set in 1970's America, the film follows an intelligent serial killer named Jack (Dillon) over the course of 12 years. The film will introduce the killings that define Jack's development as a cold-blooded murderer.
Last week, Von Trier shared the first image from the film: a black and white photo of himself in period costume holding a scythe, an apparent homage to Dane Carl Theodor Dreyer's 1932 horror flick "Vampyr." "On the occasion of the shooting of 'The House That Jack Built,' I have made an evocative photo with a cinematic reference," Von Trier told Variety of the image.
READ MORE: Lars Von Trier Pays Homage to 'Vampyr' in 'The House That Jack Built' – First Look
The thriller, which had previously been announced as an eight-part television series, also stars Oscar-nominee Bruno Ganz ("Wings of Desire," "Downfall"), Riley Keough ("The Runaways," "American Honey") and Sofie Gråbøl ("The Killing").
The project is in pre-production and will begin shooting in Trollhättan, Sweden, in March.
"The House That Jack Built" is set to be released in 2018.
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This Article is related to: Film and tagged Donald Trump, Lars von Trier, Matt Dillon, The House That Jack Built


Hygge (pronounced "hoo-gah") is a Danish word that describes the feeling of being cozy, comfortable, and at peace with the world. It's almost impossible to translate to English, and it's probably the reason that Denmark is one of the happiest countries in the world. According to the London Evening Standard, hygge takes us beyond mindful meditation and adult coloring books and introduces us to a comfortable, warm, relaxing lifestyle exemplified by those in Denmark. The Joy of Hygge is packed with recipes to warm you on a winter's evening, craft ideas for decorating your home, and inspirational suggestions for enjoying the magic of everyday pleasures. Learn how to make your life more hyggelig by: -Creating a snuggly pair of hand-knitted socks -Filling your house with more light and nature displays -Building a cozy campfire for friends and family -Taking advantage of picnics, bike rides, and woodland walks -Appreciating the natural wonders that surround us every day -And more! Remember-a little hygge brings a lot of happiness.


Democrats and the mainstream media have been dismissive about the flow of illegal drugs across unprotected sections of the U.S-Mexico border, insinuating that a completed border wall won't make a significant difference.
As President Trump points out the problem, numerous news outlets like USA Today have focused instead on the drugs that get smuggled through legal ports of entry.
But not emphasized in the story is the fact that it's easier to catch drug smugglers crossing at ports of entry because they're heavily watched and patrolled. The amount of drugs that comes across the border in open, unsecured areas is unknown because not all of it gets seized.
According to the Associated Press, Rep. Matt Cartwright (D-Pa.) remarked, "The first thing to focus on are the ports of entry where all the drugs are coming through or the tunnels. This is why we've increased Customs and Border Protection because this is how you stop the entry of this stuff, not by building walls in places where goats don't even climb and people don't travel."
But a cursory examination of the border via 3D satellite images reveals numerous unsecured parts of the border that are not too remote or rugged for people to travel across.
On top of that, a massive drug bust Thursday on an unfenced part of the border shows that the narcotics coming through those unsecured areas are nothing to sneeze at. Border Patrol agents seized more than 700 pounds of cocaine in an area not protected by a physical barrier, according to the Washington Examiner. The agents ran into the smugglers near Garciasville, Texas.
That's only around 30 miles away from where CNN's Jim Acosta stood in McAllen and declared that there is no border crisis as he stood behind a tall border wall.
After being spotted loading "bundles of narcotics" into an off-road vehicle, the suspected smugglers raced away from Border Patrol agents and drove their vehicle into the Rio Grande before swimming across to escape into Mexico.
Agents recovered 270 bricks of cocaine worth more than $22.5 million, local NBC affiliate KVEO reported. The area is known for frequent, large-scale drug smuggling activities.


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How to keep cool in summer without air conditioning
Global cooling without the global warming.
Image: Reuters/Anuwar Hazarika
Jackie Bischof
If you've ever felt the sweet, cold blast of air conditioning on a sweltering hot day, it can be hard to imagine how you ever lived without it. Yet live without it people do, and have, for most of history.
Today, AC is still an out-of-reach luxury for many, even as the world is growing increasingly reliant on it, increasing its contribution to global warming. As record-high temperatures continue to be registered around the world, we asked Quartz staff with experience in blazing climates for their advice on staying cool in ways that are kinder to the environment—and to your wallet.
One suggestion, from a staffer who spent time with the US military in Iraq, may not be operational for all: Stash a frozen water bottle in your bra. Here are some other tips and tricks, most of which will be more universally applicable:
India: Water, cold and hot
A boy jumps into a pond to cool off on a hot summer day in Agartala, India.
Image: Reuters/Jayanta Dey
Before air-conditioning units started being installed in India at a rapid clip, the country perfected a range of traditional techniques for beating the heat, says Quartz India co-editor Harish Chander. They range from home-made air conditioners and man-made ponds for swimming, to wrapping wet towels around the shoulders and wearing a traditional pugri or turban to protect oneself from the heat.
It's also popular to use earthen pots to store and cool water, and to wet blinds—or tie wet bedsheets to windows—to cool the breeze as it comes in, says Quartz India co-editor Itika Sharma Punit.
Kerala, in the tropical southwest, has a unique tradition: drinking hot water. "Everywhere you go in the state—homes, restaurants—you will be offered drinking water hot or boiled with herbs or fennel/cumin seeds," Chander explains. "This, besides being healthy organically, adjusts the body heat, making one feel better off in sultry conditions." (Popsicles and fruit peppered with chili powder are popular in Mexico for similar reasons, says Quartz reporter Ana Campoy.)
There are also Indian yoga breathing techniques designed to cool the body down. One cooling pranayama (breathing) exercise called sheetali involves rolling the tongue and breathing in through the mouth, and out through the nose.
Hong Kong: Embrace the ice
Reporter Mary Hui is based in Hong Kong, where trail running is popular. She suggests doing what trail runners and hikers do in Hong Kong's intense humidity: embracing ice. She's stuffed frozen blocks of water into compression sleeves and other items of clothing to help keep running teammates cool. She also recommends fashioning your own ice-packed bandana, which rests the ice against the neck, an important spot for temperature regulation. (From Spain comes the suggestion of icing or splashing cool water on your forearms, another quick cooling spot, while walking around.)
Quartz Asia editor Tripti Lahiri, who is based in Hong Kong and also has spent many years being hot in India, says she has beat the heat by sleeping on a tiled floor or with wet hair under a fan, spraying water into the breeze from a fan, wearing light clothing, and eating light meals and "cooling" foods like cucumbers and yogurt. Frozen grapes can also do the trick.
Nigeria: Rechargeable fans
Options for cooling down without air conditioning or multiple showers a day are limited in Nigeria, where blackouts are frequent, says reporter Yomi Kazeem. However, one popular accessory is rechargeable fans, which workers charge at the office for later use. "There's usually electricity in offices, can't guarantee that at home," Kazeem says.
People cool off in the Trocadero fountains across from the Eiffel Tower during a heatwave.
Image: Reuters/Charles Platiau
France: Close that window
If you're home and wilting, don't make the mistake of opening the windows in an attempt to let air in, says Annabelle Timsit, who is French-American and recently returned from a heatwave-sizzled Paris. Rather, she says "keeping your windows closed during the day, turning all the lights off, and unplugging all electrical equipments can help keep your house cool, as can hanging wet laundry inside." Bonus: it creates a very nice, moody French atmosphere. Voila!
Cambodia: Mind the sun
Quartz IT manager Jordan Scoggins, who worked in Cambodia as an English teacher, advises arranging your schedule around the hottest parts of the day if you can manage it. "You simply can't work normally during the heat of the day. You have to start early and take a break in the middle of the day," Scoggins says.
Enforced rest that's environmentally friendly? Sounds pretty cool.


The name of this place pretty much sums up the authenticity of their ice cream.
It's family-owned and operated, and the ice cream tastes as real as it can get.
They have over 34 flavors available in each scoop shop, and a good handful of those flavors are so unique like my two favorite flavors: The Cotton Candy and Columbus Crunch.
The cotton candy has little cosmic chips that'll flash you back to your childhood days of secretly eating the whole box of cosmic brownies while mom wasn't looking.
The columbus crunch has a vanilla ice cream base, with chocolate covered toffee pieces, chocolate chips, rainbow sprinkles, and Oreo pieces.
If that doesn't sound like a party, then I don't know what does.


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Unity Game Engine
Ken McRoy March 18, 2021 Software No Comments
Overall, I think the Unity is a great engine. It is a wonderful all-round tool and it is excellent for beginners, but has endless potential, powering many popular AAA titles, as well as many free sex games listed on sexgamesreport.com. I have been using Unity 3D for many years, so I can express my personal opinion about Unity.
Unity was founded in Copenhagen by Nicholas Francis, Joachim Ante and David Helgason. Unity first started on the OpenGL in May 2002, when Nicholas Francis posted on the forum, looking for help with his new open source graphics tool for Mac-based game developers.
Realising that they were better at developing development tools than developing viable games, they set their company the goal of launching a game engine for the small Mac-based developer community.
Unity is a cross-platform game engine for game development. The engine supports 25 platforms. It has concessions for different programming languages, making it accessible to many more developers than other engines. Instead of C++, Unity uses Python and JavaScript, which are much easier to work with.
You can also use Unity for mobile development. There are a wealth of options for you if you are looking for Unity tutorials on how to make Android games with Unity. Mobile apps and games can be a lucrative and rewarding investment in game design.
Unity enables the creation of 2D and 3D VR and AR content. Unity is designed for the development of 3D games, but can also be used for the creation of 2D games and side scrollers.
One of the best aspects of Unity is that it is free for individuals with no income and small businesses with an annual income below $100,000.
Unity Features
The Unity Game Engine lets you create real-time 3D projects for games, animation, film, automotive, transportation, architecture, engineering, manufacturing and construction.
It includes powerful new tools such as Timeline and Cinemachine that allow artists to create cinematic content and gameplay sequences without engineers. Creators can spend more time doing something and less time queuing up.
Unity a system build on components. It includes many premade objects. With these objects, game designers can build environments and characters easily. Both 2D and 3D development is possible in Unity, although 2D physics is dominated by the popular Box2D engine.
Building complex worlds in Unity 3D becomes a matter of assembling many components that can be made from their own components. The component system makes it simple to save code and assets together for easy reuse. You can share components from other projects and repurpose them.
Unity's Asset Store not only makes it easy for developers to buy tools for the engine, but also makes it easy to build with it. Unity provides you with a lot of tools and you don't have to change basic parts of the engine.
On the left, the user interface contains the most important tools to manipulate the scene and view the objects contained in it. Play, Pause and Step controls are also available in this window.
You can also access Unity cloud services using the buttons on the right side of the Unity window, the visibility menu, and the editor layout menu, which provides alternative layouts for the editor window.
Ken McRoy
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A base for forming the collection of applied art were the objects which the museum acquired as a result of the archaeological researches in the area of medieval Kruševac, and which still present its most important segment. The collection was enriched over time with archaeological researches, purchase and donation. The numerous movable finds from the town of Kruševac, as well as parts of the jewellery and cult objects from Stalać, evidence the artistic feeling and technical knowledge of the medieval artisans.
Besides the original objects, the collection includes also the collection of copies representing the significant document and historical source. Systematically complemented, by the pre-determined plan, it includes the copies of frescoes, stone plastic, manuscripts, as also the reconstruction of the vestment of the prince Lazar Hrebeljanović.


Every historic Nantucket house has a story. A House History will follow the evolution of your house from its origin to the present. Deeds, plot plans, probate and cemetery records, family papers, town records, newspapers and census records are just a sampling of the sources investigated.
With three different levels to choose from, a NPT House History gives you a record of your house through time. Each history is beautifully illustrated with drawings, historic photographs and/or maps from the collection of the Nantucket Historical Association.
The story of your Nantucket house will be preserved in our island's history. As part of the Nantucket Preservation Trust's educational mission, copies of the histories produced by NPT are presented to the Nantucket Historical Association and the Nantucket Atheneum for inclusion in their research collection.
The shortest of our three House History options, a Brief History is approximately six to eight pages in length and encompasses a one-page narrative of the history of your home, a chain of title, and a selection of historic photographs. Priced at $1,250, this professionally printed pamphlet is a great way to document your historic home.
The second largest House History, a House Genealogy is a 7×7 hardcover book that includes a thoroughly researched narrative with a selection of photographs and maps that illustrate your house and neighborhood. Priced at $6,000 these House Genealogies will take some time to perfect, about six to eight months, so order in well in advance if considering it as a gift!
See the link below to view a chapter from a House Genealogy sample in the standard format (PDF).
The largest and most comprehensive of our House Histories is a beautifully illustrated 75 page, 8 x 10 book that is ideal for a landmark building or property with extensive documentation. Each Comprehensive House History includes an architectural description, an architectural terms glossary and a timeline of local, national and world events. These full loaded Comprehensive Histories are valued at $12,000 with a portion of this cost being tax-deductible, please allow eight to twelve months for the completion of your House History.
Make any of our House Histories a Comb package by adding one of our painted House Markers for a discounted rate! Contact the NPT office today at 508-228-1387 to receive a quote for a House History and Marker Combo!


In the RGB color model, hex triplet #486d86 has decimal index of: 4746630, is composed of 28.2% red, 42.7% green and 52.5% blue. #486d86 in CMYK color model, is composed of 46.3% cyan, 18.7% magenta, 0% yellow and 47.5% black.
#336699 is the closest web-safe color to #486d86.
Sample HTML/CSS paragraph codes using #486d86 color.


Do all 07's with a navigation system have a high resolution screen and will this be an upgrade option for older nav's (06's)?
There are no factory hardware upgrades to navs, just data.
Sorry, upgrade was probably the wrong word...would it be an option to replace the "low" res screen with a "high" res screen?


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Джерело «Надія» — колишня гідрологічна пам'ятка природи в Україні. Розташована на лівому схилі каньйону над р. Збруч, між смт Сатанів і с. Сатанівка Хмельницької області. Була оголошена рішенням Хмельницького Облвиконкому № 278 від 04.09.1982 року.

Площа — 0,5 га.

Опис
Джерело води з металічним залізистим присмаком дебіт 60 м на добу, слабо-лужна, близька до нейтральної. Досліджена в 1961 році.

Скасування
Рішенням Хмельницького Облвиконкому № 25 від 15.10.1986 року пам'ятка була скасована.

Скасування статусу відбулось по причині включення об'єкту до новоствореного парку-пам'ятки садово-паркового мистецтва загальнодержавного значення «Сатанівська перлина».

Примітки

Втрачені природоохоронні території (до 2000-х)
Втрачені природоохоронні території Хмельницької області
Джерела Хмельницької області
Сатанів


For the former Chester City forward, see Terry Cooke (footballer born 1962).
Not to be confused with Terry Cook.
Terence John Cooke (born 5 August 1976) is an English former professional footballer and youth team coach of the Denver Kickers.
As a player he was a midfielder from 1994 to 2011. Born in Marston Green, he began his career with Manchester United, but struggled to break into the first team and had loan spells with Sunderland, Birmingham City and Wrexham before moving to United's local rivals Manchester City in 1999. He also failed to make an impact at City and again went on loan to Wigan Athletic, Sheffield Wednesday and Grimsby Town. The loan to Grimsby became permanent in 2002, but he only remained there for a year before rejoining Sheffield Wednesday for a season.
In 2005, Cooke's career took him out of England for the first time as he joined Major League Soccer's Colorado Rapids. In four years with the team, he made more than 100 appearances, but he was deemed to be surplus to requirements at the end of the 2009 MLS season and released from his contract. As a free agent, he was picked up by Australian side North Queensland Fury, and 2010–2011 he played for Gabala of Azerbaijan. Cooke also made four appearances for the England under-21 side.
Cooke grew up as a Birmingham City supporter, and came up through the youth system of Manchester United and scored the penalty that clinched the FA Youth Cup in 1995, but only appeared in eight first team matches with the club. He made his debut in a Premier League match against Bolton Wanderers in September 1995, and provided the cross for a Ryan Giggs goal, and found himself being tipped for a bright future. He then scored in the second leg of United's League Cup aggregate defeat to York City at Bootham Crescent in early October. However, he only made six more games for the club, his first team opportunities severely limited by the excellence of fellow youngster David Beckham in Cooke's favoured position on the right-hand side of midfield.
During his time with Manchester United, he was loaned out to Sunderland, Birmingham City, Wrexham and Manchester City.
Following his loan spell at Maine Road, Manchester City subsequently bought him for £1 million in March 1999. Cooke was part of the City side that earned promotion from the Division Two in the 1998–99 season, but lost his place in the team the following season, when City won a second successive promotion to reach the Premier League. While at City, he was loaned out to Wigan Athletic, Sheffield Wednesday (where he scored once against QPR) and Grimsby Town.
Grimsby manager Paul Groves managed to make Cooke's switch to Blundell Park a permanent one, following his release from Manchester City at the end of the 2001–2002 season. While on loan, Cooke had managed to score once against Norwich in three appearances and did enough to earn himself a full-time position at the club. Cooke was a reasonable success with The Mariners, though his time with the club was overshadowed by an eventual off-field feud with his manager. Also the signing of former Grimsby hero John Oster from Sunderland on loan had caused Cooke to lose his place in the team, as Oster successfully made the spot on the right wing his, despite the fact Cooke's overall performances beforehand made him one of the more impressive players in a struggling team. After making his move permanent he only managed to score once, his strike coming against Burnley in the FA Cup. Cooke often found himself left out on the substitute bench, or not included in the 16-man selection at all, this despite vocal protests from supporters during the games. Grimsby were eventually relegated from the First Division, and at the end of the 2002–03 season, Cooke was amongst the number of players who left the club.
Following his release from Grimsby, It was The Mariners relegation rivals Sheffield Wednesday who would benefit from Cooke's departure from Blundell Park. He signed a one-year deal with the club. After playing out the 2003–04 campaign, at the end of which the Owls avoided relegation, Cooke departed the club and emigrated to the United States.
In 2005, Cooke signed with Colorado Rapids, and scored two goals and had two assists during his first MLS season. On 1 April 2008, tabloid newspaper The Sun featured a story on the Rapids' 4–0 victory over David Beckham's Los Angeles Galaxy. Cooke captained the team, in what was their first game of the season. Following his performance in the match, which saw Cooke score a goal and provide two assists, he was voted MLS Player of the Week.
Cooke was waived by Colorado at the end of July 2009 to make room for the signing of Jamie Smith from Aberdeen. He was later invited to trial with league rivals Seattle Sounders FC in August 2009.
Cooke trained with Nottingham Forest to regain his fitness, and played in a reserve match against Coventry City, but manager Billy Davies did not offer Cooke a contract.
Cooke arrived in Townsville to trial with A-League franchise North Queensland Fury as a possible replacement for injured fellow Englishman James Robinson. He was signed by Ian Ferguson on 25 November and made his debut against Adelaide United on 28 November. He scored his first goal for the Fury on 13 February against Gold Coast United, scoring the game-winner in the 83rd minute to give the Fury a 2–1 victory. After his short term deal expired Cooke left the Fury as the club fell into administration.
Cooke then joined Gabala of Azerbaijan, managed by Tony Adams. After making 12 appearances in which he scored one goal, Cooke then suffered a serious knee injury which kept him out for the remainder of the season, at the end of which he was released by the club.
Cooke has represented England at U16, U18 and U21 levels, but has never been capped by the full senior side.
Cooke is now employed as a youth team coach for the Denver Kickers.
^ "QPR 1–2 Sheff Wed". BBC. 25 October 2000. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
^ "Norwich 1–1 Grimsby". BBC. 6 April 2002. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
^ "Mansaram rescues Mariners". BBC. 4 January 2003. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
^ "Terry Cooke wins Player of the Week". mlssoccer.com. 23 January 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
^ "Injured Forest star Perch suffers set-back". nottinghampost.com. 8 October 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
^ "Fergie casts eye over MLS player". Au.fourfourtwo.com. 13 November 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^ "Sydney FC lure Reddy and target van Dijk". The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 November 2009. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
^ "ARSENAL LEGEND ADAMS SIGNS EX-MAN UTD WINGER COOKE FOR QABALA FC". tribalfootball.com/. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
^ Mercury, Sunday. "Terry Cooke: Solihull's forgotten Manchester United star". Birmingham Mail. Retrieved 17 February 2013.
^ Bostock, Adam (4 May 2010). "Award joy for Keane". Manchester United F.C. Retrieved 17 May 2013.