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Nuts About Peanuts!
Students label the parts of a peanut plant on a diagram, follow step-by-step instructions to plant a peanut, and use a chart to record the growth of peanut plants. Grades 3-5
Peanut Plant activity sheet
My Peanut Plant Growth Chart activity sheet
Large, clear plastic drinking cups
Small, round plastic or paper plates
Sand or sandy loam soil
3-5 raw peanuts per student
Note: These are available at health food stores. Peanuts that have been dry roasted or blanched will not sprout!
Plastic spoons
Several pots (12 inches in diameter) or a ten-gallon aquarium
Peanut Plant Activity Sheet Key
Vocabulary Word
peanut: a plant in the pea family that bears the peanut, which develops in pods that ripen underground and are widely cultivated, especially in the southern US
Four of the top 10 candy bars manufactured in the USA contain peanuts or peanut butter.
Peanuts are one of the star ingredients in a Snickers bar and each bar contains about 16 peanuts. About 100 tons of peanuts go into making the 15 million Snickers bars that are produced by Mars, Inc. every day.
Peanut butter/peanut paste is the leading use of peanuts produced in the U.S. (1/2); followed by snack nuts and in-shells (1/4); and, candy and confections (1/4).
The History of the Peanut
The peanut plant probably originated in Brazil or Peru, although no fossil records exist to prove this. Peanuts were grown as far north as Mexico by the time the Spanish began their exploration of the New World. The explorers took peanuts back to Spain, where they are still grown today. From Spain, traders and explorers took peanuts to Africa and Asia. Africans were the first people to introduce peanuts to North America. Eventually, peanuts were planted throughout the southern United States. Today, peanuts are one of America's favorite foods.
The "Father of the Peanut"
George Washington Carver began his research into peanuts in 1903 at Tuskeegee Institute in Alabama. The talented botanist recognized the value of peanuts as a cash crop. He proposed to farmers that peanuts be planted as a rotational crop in their fields. Many farmers found this procedure especially valuable in the southeastern cotton growing areas when insects, called boll weevils, threatened the cotton crops. By listening to the great scientist, peanut production flourished. States growing peanuts today include Georgia, Texas, Alabama, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Virginia, Florida, South Carolina, and New Mexico. Georgia grows more peanuts than any other state. Carver was able to discover over 300 uses for the peanut, including shaving cream, leather dye, coffee, ink, and shoe polish.
How the peanut plant grows
Unlike other nuts, peanuts do not grow on trees. The peanut is unusual because it grows on a plant that flowers above the ground, but the actual fruits (the peanuts) grow underground. A farmer usually plants his peanuts in April or May. Once planted, peanut seeds grow into a green plant with oval-shaped leaves that reaches about 18 inches in height. From planting to harvesting, the growing cycle of a peanut takes four to five months.
Types of peanuts
Although peanuts come in many varieties, there are four basic market types: runner, Virginia, Spanish, and Valencia. Each of the peanut types is distinctive in size, flavor, and nutritional value. Runner peanuts are known for their consistent, medium kernel size. Runner peanuts are mainly used to make peanut butter. They are also used in candy and snacks. Virginia peanuts are known for their extra large kernel size. They account for most of the peanuts roasted and processed in the shell. When they are shelled, the larger kernels are sold as snack peanuts. Peanuts known for their smaller kernels and reddish-brown skins are called Spanish peanuts. They are used in peanut butter, snack peanuts, and peanut candies. The Spanish peanuts also have a high oil content, which allows the oil to be crushed out and extracted for use in cooking. Valencia peanuts are known for having three or more small kernels to a shell and for their bright red skins. Valencia peanuts are very sweet and are usually roasted and sold in the shell.
Where do Peanuts Grow?
Eleven states produce almost all of the US peanut crop. Georgia grows nearly half of all US peanuts, followed by Florida, Alabama, Texas, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Virginia, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and New Mexico. The peanut-producing states are grouped into three regions. The Southeast region produces the most peanuts and includes Alabama, Georgia, Florida, and Mississippi. Second in production is the Virginia-Carolina region, which includes North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. Third is the Southwest region, which includes Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arkansas. In 2013, 72% of all the peanuts grown in the United States were grown in the Southeast region, 15% were grown in the Virginia-Carolina region, and the remaining 13% were grown in the Southwest region.
Dr. John Harvey Kellogg applied for the first patent for peanut butter in 1895. The world was introduced to peanut butter at the Universal Exposition in 1904 in St. Louis. The peanut treat sold for about six cents per pint. Both peanuts and peanut butter are protein powerhouses, providing 12 percent of the recommended daily allowance per serving. About one ounce of peanuts or two tablespoons of peanut butter equal one serving. Peanuts are also a good source of fiber. Fiber reduces the risk of some kinds of cancer and helps the digestive system eliminate waste from the body. In addition, peanuts contain mostly unsaturated fat, which is known as the "good fat."
The occurrence of peanut allergies in the United States has grown significantly. Some peanut allergies are very serious health concerns. Prior to completing any of these activities, be aware of any allergies in your classroom or school and what measures should be taken to avoid allergic reactions.
Access more fun facts about peanuts at the National Peanut Board website.
Ask your students if they can tell you what protein does for their bodies. Allow students to draw on their prior knowledge to recognize that protein helps build and repair muscles in their body.
Ask your students, "What kind of foods contain lots of protein?" Students will likely list various meat products. Meat comes from animals and has an abundant supply of protein. Ask your students if they can think of a protein-rich food that comes from a plant. If students cannot guess, give them some or all of the following clues until they guess peanut butter:
This food can be spread on bread.
Many people like to eat it with apples, celery, or bananas.
It is made by cooking and crushing a specific type of nut until it is a smooth and creamy texture.
You can make a sandwich using this food, jelly, and bread.
Explain to your students that peanut butter is a good source of protein in our diets. It is processed or made from peanuts. Today, your students are going to learn about the peanut!
Read the information contained in the Background Agricultural Connections section of this lesson aloud to the students. Check student understanding by asking the assessment questions.
Pass out the Peanut Plant activity sheet to students. As a group, label the parts of the peanut plant.
Have the students follow these directions for planting peanut seeds. You may wish to demonstrate the steps as they follow along with their own cups. (Note: Peanut seeds should be soaked overnight before planting.)
Get a cup. Write your name on it with a permanent marker.
Make a small drainage hole in the bottom of your cup with a pen or pencil (with teacher's help).
Fill your cup with soil to within one inch of the top of the cup.
Plant three to five peanuts about two inches deep in the soil. Press the soil firmly, but do not pack.
Fold a paper towel into a square and moisten with water. Place the paper towel under the plastic cup.
Then place your paper towel and cup on a paper or plastic plate.
Place the cup and plate in a warm spot on a window sill.
Record observations daily on My Peanut Plant Growth Chart.
Keep plants in a warm room and expose them to as much direct sunlight as possible.
Questions for Investigation and Assessment:
How do peanuts grow? (on a plant out of the ground and not on a tree)
Describe what a peanut plant looks like. (green, ovalshaped leaves, plant about 18 inches tall)
When does a farmer plant peanuts, and how long is the growing cycle? (plants in April or May; growing cycle is four to five months long)
Name some states that grow peanuts. (Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Texas, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Virginia, and Oklahoma)
About how many uses for the peanut did Carver find? (Over 300)
What is the name of the insect that threatened the cotton crop? (boll weevil)
Name something Carver developed from peanuts. (Answers can include shaving cream, leather dye, coffee, ink, shoe polish)
Review the books Spill the Beans and Pass the Peanuts by Meredith Sayles Hughes and A Pocketful of Goobers: The Story of George Washington Carver by Barbara Mitchell.
Homemade Peanut Butter:
Have students enjoy peanut butter and crackers while they are completing the activities. Use the following recipe to make homemade peanut butter.
Measure 1 cup of peanuts and put in a blender.
Measure 1 1/2 teaspoons peanut oil and put in blender.
Cover and blend for approximately 3 minutes.
Scrape sides of blender with a spoon and push peanuts to the bottom of the blender.
Cover and blend for 3 more minutes.
Scoop out of blender and enjoy on crackers or celery.
Compare the homemade peanut butter to store brands.
Learn about growing peanuts (you don't have to live in the south!) in the article Peanuts-Grow Nuts in the Garden Next Year. Then, plant peanuts as an introduction to learning about social studies core concepts. Did you know most people in Mali use peanuts for special foods during the Harvest Festival (the largest celebration)?
Watch the Virginia Peanut Farmer video segment of America's Heartland. You will learn about the Dunn family in Virginia. The Dunn family are 7th generation farmers. Their farming heritage stretches back to the days of George Washington.
Watch the peanut video segments of the Field Trip! series devoted to peanuts. Part 1 teaches all about the peanut including varieties of peanuts, how they grown, and how they are harvested. Part 2 shows how peanuts are processed into peanut butter.
Watch the Discovery Channel's four-minute segment How It's Made-Peanut Butter.
Play the My American Farm interactive game Operation Peanut Butter.
Information from American Peanut Council's "No-Nut Peanut" a teachers kit for grades 3-5. Reprinted with permission from American Peanut Council.
Burn a Peanut- Count Calories
A Home Run for Peanuts
A Picture Book of George Washington Carver
A Pocketful of Goobers
A Weed Is a Flower: The Life of George Washington Carver
From Peanut to Peanut Butter
George Washington Carver for Kids: His Life and Discoveries, with 21 Activities
George Washington Carver: Agriculture Pioneer
George Washington Carver: Ingenious Inventor
In the Garden with Dr. Carver
PB&J Hooray!
Spill the Beans and Pass the Peanuts
The Little Plant Doctor: A Story About George Washington Carver
The Secret Garden of George Washington Carver
My American Farm
Debra Spielmaker
Grade 3: Health/Nutrition Standard 6
The students will understand how a healthy diet and exercise can increase the likelihood of physical and mental wellness.
Objective 2 - Identify nutrient groups and the key functions of each. Meeting one or more of the following indicators: a) Identify nutrient groups; i.e., proteins, fats, water, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals. b) Name foods rich in key nutrients. c) Define the functions of basic nutrient groups.
Identify food sources of required food nutrients (T3.3-5.g)
Diagram the path of production for a processed product, from farm to table (T3.3-5.b)
Distinguish between processed and unprocessed food (T3.3-5.c)
Geography Standard 11 (Grades 3-4): The patterns and networks of economic interdependence on Earth's surface.
Objective 1 People engage in economic activities, such as producing goods and offering services, in order to earn a living.
Objective 3 People and countries trade locally produced goods and services for goods and services that are produced in other places.
Health/Nutrition (HEALTH)
Health Standard 5: Demonstrate the ability to use decision-making skills to enhance health.
5.5.5 Choose a healthy option when making a decision.
Health Standard 7: Demonstrate the ability to practice health-enhancing behaviors and avoid or reduce health risks.
7.5.2 Demonstrate a variety of healthy practices and behaviors to maintain or improve personal health.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful word parts, and consulting general and specialized reference materials, as appropriate.
Anchor Standards: Reading
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2 Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.3 Analyze how and why individuals, events, or ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.
Anchor Standards: Speaking and Listening
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.SL.1 Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others' ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.


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VALONKANTAJAT: Tuomittu Elämään: CD
Posted on February 25, 2013 by harleytexas
VALONKANTAJAT is a band from Uusimaa, southern Finland that plays heavy metal with lyrics completely in Finnish on this ten song album.
The songs are pretty heavy with some nice melodic vocals mixed with more gruff vocals. Lead guitar work is pretty good throughout, and the double bass drum keeps things moving along. The album is pretty heavy, but still manages to have a lot of melody and the aforementioned lead guitar work shines in places. This has a nice chunky, thick feel in places and has a bit of a METALLICA sound in the vocals at times, but not too much, which is good. They wanted to sing in their native language to represent the feeling of living in the north and this debut album shows a lot of promise and talent from these guys. They have got a lot of fast tunes on here to get your head banging and a few slower, but not slow songs as well, to change the pace of the album a bit and it's a nicely mixed and produced album.
These guys should get your head moving, the only thing that may hold them back are the length of some of the songs because I wanted more concise songs, but without knowing the language, I may be missing why they are long and of course, the language itself. It may limit the fan base out of their native country, but give them a try and you may be surprised.
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Valonkantajat/154609347929737 http://www.valonkantajat.com/ http://www.violentjourneyrecords.com/
This entry was posted in Reviews and tagged Finland, Heavy Metal, Valonkantajat, Violent Journey Records by harleytexas. Bookmark the permalink.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Key Injuries that Will Change the Carolina Panthers Offense
Kristian McDaniel
CHARLOTTE, NC - SEPTEMBER 09: Greg Olsen #88 of the Carolina Panthers against the Dallas Cowboys during their game at Bank of America Stadium on September 9, 2018 in Charlotte, North Carolina. The Panthers won 16-8. (Photo by Grant Halverson/Getty Images)
The Carolina Panther's started off their season strong but their week two matchup versus the Atlanta Falcons revealed that prior injuries could cause the offense trouble when they face the Cincinnati Bengals this week.
Key Injuries
During the first game of the season, Greg Olsen and Daryl Williams went down with injuries. Olsen re-injured his right foot while Williams injured his right knee. These two key injuries directly affect quarterback Cam Newton and the Panthers offense.
Daryl Williams Injury
After tearing his MCL in training camp, Daryl Williams fought his way back to be ready by week one. It was devastating when he once again went down with an injury. Williams will have to undergo surgery on his right knee. He was an integral part to an already thin offensive line. Willam's was predicted to make a big improvement this year with his pass-blocking but instead, he joins Matt Kalil (left tackle) who was also placed on IR. The Panther's have struggled to find a consistent offensive line to protect Newton and this will likely be an ongoing problem throughout the season.
How Greg Olsen's injury impacts Cam Newton
Greg Olsen has been one of Cam's most reliable receivers. Since 2012, Olsen has been targeted over 100 times each season except for 2017 when he first fractured his foot. Even though the Panther's have struggled to find Newton a star wide receiver since Steve Smith's departure, Olsen has consistently delivered as a top tight-end in the NFL. Without him, Newton loses his most dangerous weapon in the passing game. Newton made a valiant effort versus the Falcons in which he completed 32 out of his 45 passes and threw for three touchdowns. On paper, these numbers look amazing for any quarterback, but these stats only tell half the story.
Christian McCaffrey had 14 receptions which is almost half of Newton's total completions. If this trend continues, other teams will start to see the Panther's as a one-dimensional offense. They will be able to focus solely on Newton and McCaffrey. This, in turn, will make running the ball more difficult. Devin Funchess had the second most receptions with seven but DJ Moore was a non-factor besides his touchdown catch. The Panther's will need him and their other wide receivers to step up over the next few weeks if they are to continue to have a balanced offense. The loss of Greg Olsen is a huge hole that Ian Thomas is not yet ready to fill.
How the Panther's can continue to succeed
Losing a star tight-end and two starting offensive linemen will make winning games a lot more difficult for Newton. Defensive coordinators will no doubt send more blitzes to take advantage of the weak offensive line. Ultimately, the wide receivers will have to improve on creating separation in order to take the pressure off of Newton. Once that happens, defenses will have to be more cautious with how many people they send on a blitz. The more the Panther's can avoid blitzing situations, the better their chances are of winning until their team is fully healthy again.
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My name is Kristian McDaniel and I am a recent graduate of NC State University. My sports related interests include basketball and football. My favorite basketball team is the San Antonio Spurs and my favorite football team is the Carolina Panthers.
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Of course it is no longer news that Soul-e and his older wife/lover have parted ways but what is new is that Queen Ure has moved on. She is now in another love affair with a younger member of her church Dotun Adelabi. When Soul-E was asked why he left his matrimonial home he claimed that they where never married in the first place. He claims that the never went to an Church or Registry to solemnize their union. He also said he never took her money and that she better hold her peace before he disrespects her. According to him the reason why they broke up was that she was all over him like he was in a cage.


If you're looking for another way to style your nails then you'll want to try out Glossique nail wraps. At $15 each, Glossique nail wraps last 2-4 weeks and thanks to the Glossique team, we were able to try them out. Keep reading to learn more about Glossique Nail Deco.
These self-adhesive nail wraps come in a variety of patterns and each package contains enough decals for 3+ mani/pedis. Luckily, the decals do not require heat or clear coats, and they do not contain any harsh chemicals.
We simply cut the individual nail wraps to fit our nails, then removed them from the adhesive, applied them and made sure to file them downwards to remove any excess. It was that easy.
Petite sizes are available and would probably have worked better for us. We loved the black decals, which pretty much match any outfit.


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Gonstead Disc Model Revisited Part II: Innervation of the Intervertebral Disc
Nerves in the Disc?
Much of the focus to search for nerves within the disc has been to determine if pain can be generated within the disc, i.e., discogenic pain. Early neuroanatomicists used stains to isolate nerve tissue that were non-specific and often did not capture fine structures. In spite of these difficulties, these early researchers found and described signs of nerve fibers within the disc that have been confirmed today.1,2,3,4,5 The development of better laboratory tools and immunohistochemical agents have provided major leaps in microscopic histologic research. Not only have reseachers been able to confidently stain nerve fibers and endings but they have also been able to gain some insight into the function of these observed structures.
The fetal and newborn are reported to have well-innervated and vascularized superficial anular layers. The nerves and vessels diminish during the maturation process.3 Although there is an extensive nerve supply in the peridiscal area, the number of fibers and nerve endings that penetrate into the disc itself are few in number.1,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20
The current questions being asked are two-fold:
1) What is the density, extent and depth of the nerve fibers and receptors within the disc.
2) What is the purpose or function of the nerve fibers and receptors that have been found, both in the normal and degenerated or pathological disc.
We will summarize the current and past research. As in all areas of science that require the use of tissue samples, research findings are sometimes at variance with each other due to variables such as the exact question being asked and the anatomical variations in the specimens obtained. This causes a dilemma for those reviewing and summarizing the literature.
Location of the Nerves Within the Disc
The perianular region has an extensive network of nerve fibers, but few nerves project into the disc itself. The depth to which the fibers travel within the disc is still somewhat controversial. There have been reports of fibers entering the inner anular layers and the nucleus pulposus 21,22,23, but these reports have only been confirmed in damaged discs. 21,24Researchers have established that nerves are in the outer 3-4 lamellae or 3.5mm of the AF.1,2,3,10,11,12,14,19,20,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,29,3031,32 Fagan et al have found that the nerves penetrate the disc to a greater depth in the anterior (up to 4 or more laminae) than in the posterior (up to 3 laminae). 27
The nerves are found predominately in the middle (vertical dimension) one-third of the disc with a few twigs extending into the inferior and superior thirds.15 Nerve endings appear to populate the superior and inferior disc adjacent to the vertebral bodies.15
Another region where nerve fibers have been found is the central region of the vertebral endplate. These are extensions of nerves found in the vertebral body. 27 Perhaps this innervation is associated with the nutrient supply from the endplates into the nucleus pulposus.
The Origins of the Nerves?
Researchers have tracked some of the nerve fibers found in the posterior aspect of the disc to the sinuvertebral (SVN) of Von Luschka or recurrent meningeal nerve.6,7,8,15,16,17,18 The sinuvertebral nerve is classically described as being formed by the ventral ramus of the spinal nerve and the gray communicating ramus – since its initial description in the 1850s by von Lushka, the constituents of the SVN are still being disputed. Its fibers are known to ascend or descend one or more segmental levels. Transverse branches have been found that cross-over and anastamose with the contralateral SVN.
The posterolateral disc is innervated from the ventral rami and gray communicating rami.11,14 In this way, it has both somatic and sympathetic nerve supplies.
The gray communicating ramus and the ventral ramus send fibers into the lateral aspect of the disc which is extensively innervated.12,14,33 In the cervical spine, the lateral region is innervated by the vertebral nerve, a continuation of sympathetic nerve supply that arises from the cervicothoracic/stellate ganglia.12
The anterolateral aspect has a concentration of nerve fibers whose source appears to be the gray communicating rami.7,27
In the anterior, the ventral rami, communcating rami and sympathetic trunk appear to innervate this region.6,7,11,12,13,14
Ohtori et al found that in the rat, the lower lumbar discs received sensory innervation from T13 to L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG). The thoracolumbar DRGs innervated the posterior disc via the paravertebral trunk, and the mid- to lower lumbar DRGs innervated the posterior disc via the sinuvertebral nerve.17 Morinaga et al found that the anterior lumbosacral disc received innervation from sympathetic nerves from the L1 and L2 DRGs.34
Types of End-Terminals Found?
Free nerve endings predominate in the disc. Researchers have also found more complex terminals that are smaller than but resemble Pacinian corpuscles (fast adapting, low threshold terminals that respond to sudden changes in stress)15,20,21,22, Golgi tendon organs (slow adapting, high threshold terminals thought to measure tension and possibly with nociceptive function)15,22,21, Ruffini endings (slow adapting, low threshold terminals probably associated with positioning, pressure, and velocity of movement)20, and Vater-Pacini corpuscle-like endings (Jackson) been found in the outer two to three anular layers. The number of end terminals are primarily found in the lateral, anterolateral, and posterolateral aspects of the disc.3,9,22
What Are the Nerve Doing There?
The use of immunohistochemical stains have not only confirmed the presence of the nerves within the disc, but provide some insight into their function or what stimuli they respond to. It is likely that nociception and proprioception are primary functions of many of the nerves found within the disc. Calcitonin genetic-related peptide (CGRP), Substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) immunoreactive nerve fibers have been found in the disc.9,22 Although many of the aforementioned neuropeptides are often associated with the vascular system, in and around the disc, they are often found in non-vascular tissue. CGRP and SP are associated with nocicepti on9,22, among other functions. Yasuchika et al found that CGRP containing nerves predominated in the disc.34 Cavanaugh found type C (unmyelinated) and A-delta (small, myelinated) fibers in the disc, which in other areas can carry nociceptive impulses.10
To what are the receptors principally stimulated by? Mendel et al state that compression and deformation may stimulate many of the receptors.15 McCarthy opines that the nociceptive receptors may be primarily stimulated by noxious chemicals in the extruded material from the nucleus pulposus, rather than by pressure or temperature.31
McCarthy and others state that there is limited vascular supply in the mature, healthy outer anular layers and that some of the discal nerve supply may innervate these vessels. He states that CGRP is vasodilatory, Substance P increases vessel wall permeability, and both attract white blood cells31, although McCarthy et al have noted that CGRP-reactive fibers found in the disc are sensory rather than sympathetic.31 Yasuchika et al found an increase in CGRP neurons in inflamed discs and opines that this increase may be associated with discogenic pain.34 It is possible that when trauma injures a disc, this neurovascular component may be an element in the inflammatory process that ensues to cause the D1 or swollen disc. If vascular and biochemistry changes along with ongoing facilitation, anular damage, and biomechanical dysfunction continue unabated, the result may be the desiccation that occurs in disc degeneration. If this is the situation, then early restoration of optimal intersegmental and global spinal function is vitally important.
Damaged Discs
Damaged discal material has yielded vascular structures and accompanying nerve fibers as AF tissue repair takes place with vascular granulation tissue.35 The network of nerve fibers has been found to be more extensive than in undamaged or control discal material. Palmgren opines that both afferent and efferent nerves exist in damaged regions of the disc as nerve terminals responded to antibodies of synaptophysin (sensory), substance P (sensory), and C-flanking peptide of neuropeptide Y (sympathetic). (32) Freemont et al, found nerve fibers into the inner AF and the NP of damaged discs, but found nerve fibers only in the outer and middle 1/3 of normal control discs.24 Coppes et al also found nerve fibers in the inner AF and at the border of the NP of damaged discs.21 Johnson et al also found ingrowth of nerves into discs along with blood vessels.30
The consensus appears to be that innervation may extend into the middle 1/3 of damaged AF, and some innervation is found deeper in some specimens. When there is disruption in the anular layers, Johnson et al found nerves following the contours of the disruptions into inner layers of the disc.30 Many nerve fibers have been found to accompany blood vessels that enter the damaged discs.19,24,32 We now know that both sensory and autonomic nerves are found in damaged discs, the function of these nerves are unknown, although there has been speculation that nociception, vasomotor, and a role in vascular and proteoglycan cell genesis and/or proliferation are likely functions as studies found response to Substance P19,22,32, protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5), growth associated protein 43 (GAP 43), C-flanking peptides of neuropeptide Y.19 Freemont et al did not find GAP 43 in intact discs.24
Schwann cells have also been found in damaged disc, largely in damaged areas with vascularization. They might be proceeding and promoting nerve growth into damaged areas of the disc.30
Nerves have been found in the inner layers of the anulus or even the nucleus pulposus in damaged discs. In intact or healthy discs, nerve fibers are found only in the outer anular layers.
As to the purpose of the nerve supply to the disc, it appears to be proprioception, nociception, and vasoregulation. In the damaged discs, there might be vasomotor and nociceptive involvement of some nerves.
As a chiropractor, whether or not discogenic pain may be due to nociceptive stimulation of nerves within the disc, the importance of optimal proprioception by intra- and peridiscal nerves to the health of the spine cannot be overstated. Chiropractic correction of vertebral subluxations probably has an important role for optimal proprioception.
Nerve fibers and complex receptors and free nerve endings, although sparse, are found in the outer anular laminae of the intact disc.
In damaged discs, nerve fibers have been found in deeper regions of the disc which is also infiltrated by vascular vessels.
Nociception and proprioception appear to be the primary functions. In the damaged disc, vasomotor control may be involved.
Ferlic DC. The Nerve Supply of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc in Man. Bulletin of Johns Hopkins Hospital 1963; 113:347-351.
Hirsch C, Ingelmark B, Miller M. The Anatomical Basis for Low Back Pain. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavia 1963; 33(1)1-17.
Malinsky J. The Ontogenetic Development of Nerve Terminations in the Intervertebral Discs of Man. Acta Anatomica 1959; 38:96-113.
Stillwell DL. The Nerve Supply of the Vertebral Column and Its Associated Structures in the Monkey. Anatomical Record June 1956; 125(2):139-162.
Wiberg G. Back Pain in Relation to the Nerve Supply of the Intervertebral Disc. Acta Orthopaedica 1949-50; 19(2):211-221.
Bogduk N, Tynan W, Wilson AS. The Nerve Supply to the Human Lumbar Intervertebral Discs. Journal of Anatomy January 1981; 132(1):39-56.
Bogduk N. The Innervation of the Lumbar Spine. Spine April 1983; 8(3):286-293.
Bogduk N, Windsor M, Inglis A. The Innervation of the Cervical Intervertebral Discs. Spine January 1988; 13(1):2-8.
Bogduk N. The Innervation of the Intervertebral Disc. In: Boyling JD, Palastanga N (eds) Grieve's Modern Manual Therapy: The Vertebral Column (2nd ed) New York: Churchill Livingstone. 1994. pp.149-161.
Cavanaugh JM, Kallakuri S, Özaktay C. Innervation of the Rabbit Lumbar Intervertebral Disc and Posterior Longitudinal Ligament. Spine 1 October 1995; 20(19):2080-2085.
Cramer GD. Chapter 2: General Characteristics of the Spine. In: Cramer GD, Darby SA (eds). Basic and Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord,and ANS. St. Louis: Mosby. 1994.
Cramer GD. Chapter 5: The Cervical Region. In: Cramer GD, Darby SA (eds). Basic and Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord,and ANS. St. Louis: Mosby. 1994.
Cramer GD. Chapter 7: The Lumbar Region. In: Cramer GD, Darby SA (eds). Basic and Clinical Anatomy of the Spine, Spinal Cord,and ANS. St. Louis: Mosby. 1994.
Jinkins JR, Whittemore AR, Bradley WG. "The Anatomical Basis of Vertebrogenic Pain and Autonomic Syndrome Associated with Lumbar Disk Extrusion." American Journal of Neuroradiology 1989; 10:219-231.
Mendel T, Wink CS, Zimny ML. Neural Elements in Human Cervical Intervertebral Discs. Spine 1992; 17(2):132-135.
Nakamura S, et al. Origin of Nerves Supplying the Posterior Portion of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Rats. Spine 15 April 1996; 21(8):917-924.
Ohtori S, et al. Sensory Innervation of the Dorsal Portion of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc in Rats. Spine 15 November 1999; 24(22):2295-2299.
Ohtori S, et al. "Sensory Innervation of the Dorsal Portion of the Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Rats." Spine 2001; 26(8):946-950.
Palmgren T, et al. An Immunohistochemical Study of Nerve Structures in the Anulus Fibrosus of Human Normal Lumbar Intervertebral Discs. Spine 15 October 1999; 24(20):2075-2079.
Roberts S, et al. Mechanoreceptors in Intervertebral Discs. Spine 15 December 1985; 20(24):2645-2651.
Coppes MH, et al. Innervation of Annulus Fibrosus in Low Back Pain (Letters). The Lancet 21 July 1990; 336(8708):180-190.
Coppes MH, et al. Innervation of "Painful" Lumbar Discs. Spine 15 October 1997; 22(20):2342-2350.
Freemont AJ, et al. Nerve Ingrowth into Diseased Intervertebral Disc in Chronic Back Pain. The Lancet 19 July 1997; 350(9072):178-181.
Bogduk N. Pathology of Lumbar Disc Pain. Manual Medicine 1990; 5(1):72-79.
Edgar MA, Ghadially JA. Innervation of the Lumbar Spine. Clinical Orthopedics & Related Research March-April 1976; 115:35-41.
Fagan A, et al. Innervation of the Intervertebral Disc: A Quantitative Analysis. Spine 1 December 2003; 28(23):2570-2576.
Forsythe WB, Ghoshal NG. Innervation of the Canine Thoracolumbar Vertebral Column. Anatomical Record January 1984; 208(1)57-63.
Jackson HC, Windelmann RK, Bickel WH. Nerve Endings in the Human Lumbar Spinal Column and Related Structures. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery October 1966; 48Am(7):1272-1281.
Johnson WEB, et al. Immunohistochemical Detection of Schwann Cells in Innervated and Vascularized Human Intervertebral Discs. Spine 1 December 2001; 26(23):2550-2557.
McCarthy PW. The Innervation of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs: An Update. European Journal of Chiropractic April 1993; 41(1):21-29.
Palmgren T, et al. Immunohistochemical Demonstration of Sensory and Autonomic Nerve Terminals in Herniated Lumbar Disc Tissue. Spine 1 June 1996; 21(11):1301-1306.
Takahashi Y, et al. Stereoscopic Structure of Sensory Nerve Fibers in the Lumbar Spine and Related Tissues. Spine 1 May 2003; 28(9):871-880.
Morinaga T, et al. Sensory Innervation to the Anterior Portion of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc. Spine 15 August 1996; 21(16):1848-1851.
Yasuchika A, et al. Innervation of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc by Nerve Growth Factor-Dependent Neurons Related to Inflammatory Pain. Spine 15 May, 2004; 29(10):1077-1081.
Osti OL. Vernon-Roberts B, Fraser RD. Anulus Tears and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Spine August 1990; 15(8):762-767.
Ashton IK, Eisenstein SM. The Effect of Substance P on Proliferation and Proteglycan Deposition of Cells Derived from Rabbit Intervertebral Disc. Spine 15 February 1996; 21(4):421-426.


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The world has just experienced the worst global economic recession during the last years. With the start of 2010 every body is willing to see a positive change in the economy through out the world. Some major economists have claimed that the recession period is over. Moreover, some major economies of the world showed positive trend in their quarterly GDP. It looks like everything is going to run smoothly very soon.
B2B is one of the sectors that suffer whenever recession hits an economy. The purchasing power of the power tightens and eventually the demand of businesses for purchasing different products and services also goes down. It is always considered difficult by the b2b marketers to attract visitors and make them loyal customers. During the recession period when people do not possess purchasing power it gets even more difficult to do that. In such conditions some b2b marketers stop marketing and advertising of their products, cutting down the marketing budget or reducing head counts to balance the profit and loss. All these acts by the b2b marketers create problem for them when the recession period ends. A lot of b2b marketers after implementing such strategies during the recession period lose customers as they did not market their products timely and then they have to put an extra budget on marketing to attract more customers. Moreover, reducing the head counts also creates difficulty for them in retaining the employees. Ideally, they should bring a change in the marketing and advertising strategies during recession period but those strategies should be profitable in the long run. One of the most important strategies during the recession period is to retain the old customers. More focus should be on old customers as they are an important asset to the business. Keeping up with them and bringing them what they want during the recession period will lead them towards being loyal. Another way of marketing and advertising during the recession period is to bring the best value to the consumers. Marketing is the only tool through which a number of customers can be attracted by any business. Therefore, any changes in the marketing and advertising strategy should be made carefully. Besides, with the start of 2010 the global economic recession is headed towards improvement and the economies are recovering, still these things should be kept in mind. 2010 should be viewed as the best time for B2B marketer as the major economies are recovering from crisis and a game plan could be set in advance to avail this opportunity.
William King is the director of UK Wholesale Suppliers & Free Trade Wholesalers Directory: http://www.wholesalepages.co.uk/ , Wholesale Trade Suppliers Manufacturers & Wholesale Dropshippers: http://www.dailytrader.com/ , Wholesale Dropshippers & Wholesalers Dropshipping Product Suppliers Directory: http://www.aidandtrade.com/ and Canada Wholesale Suppliers and Dropshipping Directory: http://www.wholesale-canada.com/ . He has 18 years of experience in the marketing and trading industries and has been helping retailers, entrepreneurs and startups with their product sourcing, promotion, marketing and supply chain requirements.
You know you should be marketing your B2B nutrition business hard - now more than ever.
But the reality at your desk is a different story. You've got more projects to manage. More pressure to produce results and - in many cases - less people to get it done with.
The key is to market smart.
And there are no two better tools for cost-effectively marketing your business than a good website and a good white paper.
The website is a clear given. In fact one recent MarketingSherpa study revealed that 60% of business executives reported going to a company's website to check them out before agreeing to meet with a sales rep or contract for services or products.
In a recent Nutrition Business Journal article I authored on ecommerce, one marketing consultant emphasized that for business-to-business marketing a website is key to the lead generation. Where else can you provide the level of information up front necessary to jumpstart the complex sales process? Not to mention for such minimal cost?
With effective search engine optimization and strategic ppc ads, you can get traffic to your website.
But traffic is just traffic. The real question is: How well are you holding on to these interested prospects and turning them into leads for your sales force?
Enter a good white paper. A white paper (or free report, or guide) is an educational marketing piece about 6-10 pages long. Its focus is on educating, not selling outright. A good white paper provides good information that helps your prospects understand the value of your offer. And while it doesn't explicitly sell your product or service, it has your company's stamp on it, positioning you as a solution to your prospects' problems.
The white paper serves as an excellent tool for trapping traffic coming to your website. Unlike the information visitors read right on your website, a white paper is something they take with them when they leave. You give it to them for free. But you require one thing: That they leave their contact information behind.
They leave with some valuable information. And this information, if presented well and of real value, may be passed on to several more people. And as for you - you no longer have just traffic, but the contact information for a lead that you can continue to market to.
In the current economy, companies are reporting that sales cycles have lengthened. It takes more information, more touches to convince your lead to convert to a sale. What better way to start this cycle off right than a good website and white paper that they can take home with them.
For a more in depth discussion of how to make websites and white papers work effectively for your B2B marketing in this economy, get a copy of my latest report on using white papers and websites white papers and websites effectively for B2B marketing.


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Technology, content and marketing are all swiftly evolving aspects of Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality.
At the May 18, 2017 Houston IMA luncheon, Brent Wheelbarger, CEO, and Patrick Glueck, Technologist, both from Trifecta Communications in Oklahoma, presented an overview of how AR/VR is projected to become an integral marketing tool. A "show and tell" highlighting VR experiences led to case studies that the audience could experience real-time via the Trifecta app. We learned about the different use cases, technologies and budgets that work with AR/VR right now.
Shell's digital team let attendees pass around a VR headset with an app developed by Imagination simulating experiences such as a helicopter ride and deep dive into the ocean to give users a better understanding of their offshore drilling technology. Despite the loud conversation in the tight room, it provided an immersive and almost soothing experience.
The main takeaway from the event is that AR and particularly VR are full of powerful opportunities for consumers and brands. But among consumers and marketers, the level of sophistication for the technology, real-world application and even general understanding ranges dramatically.
What opportunities are available through AR/VR?
Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are expected to become a multi-billion-dollar business that promises to revolutionize the way we shop, play, work and communicate. TechCrunch says that by 2021, we'll be spending $94 billion on AR and $25 billion on VR. While Wheelbarger feels those numbers might be ambitious, he compares the rapid adoption with how marketers implemented social media over the last 10 years. In 2007, when Facebook had just opened its virtual doors to a broader community outside college and universities, most of us wouldn't have considered social media a "given" when planning a marketing campaign. In 2017, brands across industries sometimes use multiple social media channels as their sole campaign medium. Wheelbarger's hypothesis is that AR/VR will be a requirement in marketing campaigns in another 10 years.
What is AR/VR, and how is it used for marketing?
One of the biggest draws to marketers is that AR/VR allows customers to experience products without having to be physically present. But beyond some high level similarities, VR and AR are very different.
Virtual Reality is apparently where the money is. Although the quality of the technology does impact the experience, VR is generally more sophisticated and requires from companies bigger resource, time and financial investment.
"There are so many stories you can put into VR experiences," says Glueck.
Augmented Reality can be more accessible for marketers because it isn't a totally immersive experience. Digital elements are added to the real world to augment the overall experience.
Examples of brands using AR range from being incredibly sophisticated and expensive to pretty basic.
•Snapchat is the AR leader in the consumer market and has introduced a feature called World Lenses that is an evolution of its simpler technology and content.
•Pokemon Go is super simple, uses GPS AR. It's probably the most popular example right now.
•Companies like Meta and Microsoft are developing products like Holo lense, but Glueck thinks wearables are so far away from being really ready for consumer use.
How is AR used for marketing?
AR applications in marketing are still small-scale in most cases.
How can marketers ramp up?
•How does the technology need to evolve? Shell brought up the point that Samsung VRs are not made for heavy duty usage and during the Super Bowl Live experiences: they needed to have multiple headsets on hand when they overheated. Occulus helmets, on the other hand, are more heavy duty since they run off a computer and may be a better fit for high-traffic events.
•Can AR rejuvenate print/traditional advertising? It will most likely see a boost but most aren't optimistic about a total rejuvenation.
•What are the demographics of people who use/want to use AR/VR, from the customer side and the client side? So far it has been difficult to get more conservative audiences to wrap their minds around it. In general, younger audiences are easier to onboard and kids "are no brainers" for this type of technology, said Wheelbarger.


We hope that the case studies included here have proven to be informative and inspirational in thinking about how you might develop co-creative activities in your own community. The contexts, challenges and people are different in every location, but the many benefits of bridging social capital and the power of creative activities to enable social bonding are common across borders, cultures and languages.
Having shared these projects and approaches, the questions that follow can hopefully help others to consider managing more inclusive creative activities.
Do we need co-creative activities with inter-cultural bridging in our community?
What would we like to achieve for our communities through these co-creative activities and inter-cultural bridging?
What groups do you think are currently not engaged with your activities or would you class as 'hard to reach'?
What steps could you take to improve the promotion of these opportunities to increase awareness among target groups?
What could potentially be preventing or discouraging some individuals from different cultural backgrounds from participating?
What people or organisations could you approach for support and advice to make the activity more inclusive?
What else can you provide or facilitate in order to make the activity more welcoming? Food? Transport? Childcare?


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gET A tAROT rEADING BY nOEL!
I currently offer personalized Tarot readings via email for anyone who may have a question that needs answers, advice, or reflection. I have been reading Tarot and Oracle cards for 15 years and employ an honest but compassionate approach to the practice. My goal is to help you help yourself!
Purchase one of the readings offered below! Prices range from $15-60.
You will be directed to fill out a form with any relevant details for your reading.
In 3-10 days I will send you an email with a PDF attached that contains photos and interpretations of your reading. Most readings are 2-3 pages in length but can easily be more!
You may ask me any follow up questions you have about the reading via email.
Do readings really work long distance like that?
They sure do! I simply focus on connecting to you and the collective unconscious we are all linked into, via whatever identifiers you have given me, such as your name. I have been doing long distance readings for many years with great results, as have many other skilled readers.
GENERAL DISCLAIMER: I, Noel Arthur Heimpel, am not liable for any action taken as a result of these readings. Tarot readings are meant to provide advice and insight and are not a replacement for professional legal, financial, or medical advice. Your decisions and choices are your own, and by purchasing this reading you agree not to hold me (Noel Arthur Heimpel) liable for any resulting damages.


Medical Distribution Partners CVBA ("us", "we", or "our") operates the http://medispar.eu/ website (the "Service").
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Perhaps the biggest controversy in Oakland Township has been the Proposed Blossom Ridge senior community. In June 2011 Moceri Development proposed a senior community on the Northwest corner of Adams Rd. and Dutton. The Plan is for 238 independent and assisted living units on a 41 acre parcel.
There is planned to be a number of duplex buildings, a large residential building and a community/recreation center. The plan calls for the site to remain heavily wooded with 53% open space (23+ acres) including paths, ponds and streams, and 41% less building hardscape coverage. Walking trails would wind through and around the natural features and provide exercise stations.
Planned berms with natural landscaping along Adams and Dutton will virtually hide the development from the outside and lessen traffic noise for residents.
Throughout the year, many members of the community spoke against the Blossom Ridge development, citing traffic, safety, density, character and property value concerns. The Planning Commission recommended approval of the rezoning to the Board.
August 14, 2012 -The former Board approved the re-zoning.
August 15, 2012 – Special Accommodation request submitted.
Citizens circulated and submitted petitions for a referendum on the rezoning.
The former Board considered the developer's application for consideration of a Special Accomodation Use under the zoning ordinance to comply with the Federal Fair Housing law. This would have the effect of allowing the development regardless of the outcome of a referendum on the zoning change.
Supervisor Fogler recommended that the Board approve the Special Accomodation Use.
The former Board postponed and the referendum went forward.
After hearing our Township Attorney Steve Joppich's opinion on the requirement for the CZC review, the new Board decided to ask another attorney for an opinion.
moved to seek a fourth legal opinion from another attorney on the CZC review.
March 26, 2013- Oakland County Zoning Coordinating Committee recommends approval of rezoning for Blossom Ridge.
April 9 2013 – Board set the date of the Blossom Ridge referendum to August 6 2013.
There are many issues remaining: the outcome of the referendum, the delayed Special Accomodation Use decision and a Federal Fair Housing Act complaint. We will keep you posted.
I am very interested in this senior community, I presently live in Lake Orion in the Preserve and looking for a beautiful place to live my next phase of life. My life style is active and would love to live in one of Moceri's developments. His places are beautiful. It sounds as if you are not giving up… Hope it makes it.
Unfortunately, the decision to proceed is now with the Federal Government. Their investigation into the discriminatory practices of Oakland Township could force the Township to accept the development.
When will this facility be open?
I am not sure, but I suspect not until 2018.


text:
News and opinion with a progressive viewpoint.
He's Lost It: Texas House Speaker Tom Craddick Declares His Power "Absolute"
By MANIFESTO JOE
Among infamous serial killers, they're often named Wayne (Something or Other). Among Texas politicians, they seem to be named Tom (DeLay, Craddick).
If anyone comes close to Tom DeLay as an embodiment of the crypto-fascist outfit that the Texas Republican Party has become, that person must now be state House Speaker Tom Craddick.
This from various news sources: Craddick, when confronted Friday night with motions to remove him as speaker, declared that his power to disregard such motions is "absolute." His parliamentarian and her assistant resigned and were replaced after a two-hour recess. Many Republicans were angered and in shock. Rep. Charlie Geren, R-Fort Worth, was quoted: "I knew we had a speaker. I didn't know we had a dictator."
The New York Times reported:
"During the five-hour spectacle, Mr. Craddick outmaneuvered his opponents, lawmakers who tried to overtake the speaker's podium were physically restrained and the House parliamentarian resigned before the House adjourned shortly before 1:30 a.m. Saturday. ...
"Democrats and Republicans complain that Mr. Craddick, Republican of Midland, has ruled with an iron fist. They say his style often forces them to vote against the interests of their districts."
Craddick is an almost 40-year legislator from Midland -- recall, just incidentally, that this is the flat, treeless, right-wing oilfield paradise where George W. and Laura Bush spent much of their undoubtedly idyllic childhoods.
He now faces an open mutiny within his own right-wing party, and for good reasons. He has faced an insurgency within Republican ranks for a while. No Democrat would ever have trusted him further than the next Republican lobbyist. But he has a well-earned reputation as a despot, and even the Republicans are rebelling against the megalomania that is in full display now.
Craddick's history as a tin-pot Napoleon is a long one. In '03, when the newly Republican-controlled Legislature was busy Gerrymandering the state's congressional districts, some of the Democrats in the Legislature split for Ardmore, Okla., where they could hole up and prevent a quorum. They said they actually had to cross the state lines to do this. The reason: Herr Craddick had ze state troopers out looking for zem, to bring zem in, unter ze orderz. Achtung.
Anyway, the House and Senate eventually managed, with then-U.S. House Majority Leader Tom DeLay's invaluable help, to Gerrymander Texas to a congressional Republican majority for the next couple of generations.
DeLay was eventually indicted on criminal charges stemming from alleged campaign finance violations. The trial is pending. And, let us not forget Craddick's role as one of DeLay's state Republican toadies. They were very tight back then.
But a general thing to ponder is the Republican Party's incredible talent for jacking itself, and the country, around, and usually both at once. In Texas, the problems with Craddick began right after the Republicans gained control of the state House for the first time in 130 years.
Democrats can be quite exasperating at times. But one thing I've noticed about Republicans, when they are taken seriously and voted into office: When given power, it takes them about one-tenth of the time to shit their britches.
I sincerely hope the situation can get better, and without so many diapers at public expense.
Manifesto Joe is an underground writer living in Texas. Check out his blog at Manifesto Joe's Texas Blues.
Posted by Marc McDonald at 9:47 AM
Labels: Manifesto Joe, politics, Republicans
I think Texas is more of a Democratic state than we get credit for. Even if it doesn't show up in the makeup of the Legislature (thanks to the GOP gerrymandering).
Craddick is just emulating his hero, Bush, who long ago decreed that his power was "absolute."
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Welcome to BeggarsCanBeChoosers.com, the progressive political blog of Marc McDonald. A Texas journalist, McDonald worked for 15 years for several newspapers, including the Fort Worth Star-Telegram, before he quit his day job and set up shop in cyberspace in 1995. McDonald's articles have appeared in a number of popular progressive Web sites, including Crooks and Liars, The Reaction, Buzzflash.com, Salon.com, OpEdNews.com, The Neil Rogers Show and The Raw Story. McDonald's Web articles have also been featured and reviewed by various national and international media, including CNN Headline News, the BBC, CBS, the Washington Post, USA Today and many more. On June 3, 2011, I was interviewed on the progressive radio program, "Voices at Work." Go here to hear my interview with host Ron Gonyea. I am always available for media interviews on progressive issues. Contact me here.
View my complete profile here.
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Are You Ready for IMPEACHMENT?
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Joyeux Noel et bonne année de Kiko's House à vous
For those language geeks out there....
Why Doug Jones will Lose His Senate Seat to a Republican in Alabama
Welcome to Pottersville 2 (Blogging Against Fascism!)
Dick Cheney Was Righter Than He Knew About the Ignorance of the American Voter and Karl Marx Was Absolutely Wrong About Abused (American) Workers Seeking to Revolutionarily Improve Their Lot (Lee Camp & Eleanor Goldfield Truthify) Zuckerberg Started Facebook to Insult Mean (To Him) Women and Men Who Didn't Mind Telling Him Their Intimate Life Details
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If books were drinks and "The Hired Girl" were a cocktail, I would say it was the perfect blend of Anne, Little House, and The Chosen.
This book hit all the marks for me. It is so rare that I pick up a book, recently published and on the young adult shelves of my library, and find it to be old fashioned. And I mean old fashioned in a good way. I actually went back and double checked to make sure this wasn't published earlier than I originally thought, but indeed, 2015.
"The Hired Girl" traces the story of a fourteen year old girl growing up on a farm. You discover in the opening pages that her mother died years earlier and her father is a cold, hard man who we would today call emotionally abusive. The main character, Joan, is struggling to survive under his tyranny and is about to discover that that is simply impossible.
I don't like to give any spoilers, so I won't get into the plot, but it is safe to say that this is a coming of age story, and a well done one at that. I found myself remembering my first experience of loving a boy (the author handles those emotions SO well), the moments when my religion became my own (one of my favorite scenes in this novel revolves around that), and the struggle of having one of your feet in childhood and the other in adulthood. Schlitz used her grandmother's diary as reference for this book and it shows. It feels so real.
The book is well-researched and the pace is excellent. It doesn't rush at all, but there are no dull moments either. I had trouble putting it down the few times I was forced to.


text:
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game.load.image(name, url);

I would like to use it in two different scenarios:

*

*As image (rendered in full-size without any cropping)

*As sprite source (rendered partially, cropped by hex)

First scenario is simple, but I can't find solution for second one. Phaser.Sprite.crop applies only Phaser.Rectangle and I can't put Phaser.Polygon into this method. How can I solve this problem?
PS: Of course, I don't want to download second (cropped) version of the image.

A: Try to use alpha mask like here
But in this case you need upload an image of mask (your polygon).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Stop asking what more you can do.
Start asking what you should quit.
Stop asking how you can get more people to pay attention.
Start asking how you can weed out those who aren't.
Stop asking how you can make more money.
Start asking how you can live on less.
So you can be more free.
Stop worrying and being afraid.
Start loving and reaching out to those who need help.
Stop telling us about your religion and holy books.
Start living an irresistible life of inspiration.
So that we can believe in a good God again.


Introducing the 2019 BMW M4. This 2 door, 4 passenger coupe is ready to drive off the showroom floor! BMW made sure to keep road-handling and sportiness at the top of it's priority list. It features a standard transmission, rear-wheel drive, and a 3 liter 6 cylinder engine. A turbocharger is also included as an economical means of increasing performance. A wealth of standard features means that you no longer have to sacrifice. Like heated seats, 1-touch window functionality, a built-in garage door transmitter, an automatic dimming rear-view mirror, an outside temperature display, automatic dimming door mirrors, front fog lights, and power front seats. Everything is where it ought to be, from the dashboard controls to the door locks and window controls. Audio features include a CD player with MP3 capability, steering wheel mounted audio controls, A 20 gigabyte hard drive, and 16 speakers, providing excellent sound throughout the cabin. BMW ensures the safety and security of its passengers with equipment such as: dual front impact airbags with occupant sensing airbag, head curtain airbags, traction control, brake assist, ignition disabling, an emergency communication system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. You'll never lose visibility with rain sensing wipers, which activate automatically when the drops start to fall. We pride ourselves in consistently exceeding our customer's expectations. Please don't hesitate to give us a call.


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Please welcome another Disney Style Vlog game! This edition is very special because it contains a beautiful bride Rapunzel and her beautiful game bridesmaids Pocahontas and Cinderella. The bride and the bridesmaid need your support to prepare you for the big day and fun for all.
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From the design of the wedding dress to the most cute flower petals, you need to make sure that all the frozen game details are accurate!


This is the position statement of various medical professional associations in the Philippines, including the Philippine Heart Association, on Stem Cell Therapy.
Last February 2013, the PHILHEALTH launched the Case Type Z Packages for heart surgeries, in particular, for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), total correction of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), patch repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD), to patients who are eligible PHILHEALTH members or dependents.
Please watch http://vimeo.com/60722263 for more information.


When Paul Krugman held the floor at the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, he became Zócalo's first guest to require a strictly policed door. He was also Zócalo's first guest capable of discussing what it feels like to win a Nobel Prize.
"Nothing exercises me too much in the last couple weeks" since his win, Krugman said.
This year's economics winner – also a New York Times columnist and professor at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Relations – spoke before a capacity crowd at a pivotal time: weeks after the first domino fell in what became a major financial crisis, and just 10 days before the historic presidential election.
Building on his knowledge of previous financial crises and his years of being an "economics ambulance chaser," he explained why the markets collapsed and what might be necessary to repair them.
The housing bubble – and the packaging of high-rated but ultimately insecure mortgage securities – triggered a bank collapse, Krugman noted, that was something like a 21st century version of what happened in the 1930s, only the banks that are dropping aren't the marble-pillared main street kind.
Krugman said the popped bubble means a loss of $7 trillion of homeowner value, about $1 trillion of which was held by financial institutions – "that's what turned this into a screaming crisis. It means the financial sector suddenly doesn't have capital." He also predicted an eventual rate of unemployment as high as 10%, with still higher rates of underemployment and of workers simply dropping out of the job market.
And while Krugman maintained that much of the crisis might have been predicted – placing most of his blame on "the invisible hand" but a good portion on former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan – he also noted that some indicators are simply stumping economists.
"Every time you think we have this under control, we've reached a bottom, another floor collapses under you," he said.
Still, Krugman had some remedies: more temporarily nationalized financial institutions and "a new WPA," and the need for a shift away from conservative economic policy.
"Barack Obama is living every Democrat's dream – running against Herbert Hoover all over again," he joked. With John McCain's comments on the ultimate strength of the economy, and with Republicans struggling to discuss economic rescue without contradicting their decades of free market mantras, Krugman suggested, the race is Obama's to lose.


Nigerian Activist Nnimmo Bassey: Rio+20 Summit Will Not Get Us Out of Environmental Crisis | Democracy Now!
executive director of Environmental Rights Action in Nigeria and chair of Friends of the Earth International. He is author of the book To Cook a Continent: Destructive Extraction and Climate Crisis in Africa.
AMY GOODMAN: Our broadcast is special, bringing you voices from the Rio summit.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: We continue our coverage of Rio+20, the largest United Nations conference ever. Some 15,000 soldiers and police are guarding about 130 heads of state and government as well as ministers and diplomats from 180 countries, and at least 50,000 others. For more on the summit, we're joined now by Nnimmo Bassey in Rio. He's executive director of Environmental Rights Action in Nigeria and chair of Friends of the Earth International. He's the author of To Cook a Continent.
Nnimmo Bassey, welcome to Democracy Now!
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Can you tell us first your preliminary assessment of the gathering and what the rest of the world can expect from whatever the world leaders agree on there?
NNIMMO BASSEY: Well, the leaders came to Rio with, clearly, very low ambitions, and probably with the desire to block agreements on any issue that would not be of particular benefit to them or their countries. So, coming to Rio to talk about the future that we want and also looking at sustainability on the basis of green economy was a bit problematic, to start with, because it's difficult to discuss a concept over which there is so no agreement. Many leaders don't really have the same understanding of what green economy is. And so, they've come out with a draft agreement which the presidents are looking at currently, a draft agreement that is shallow, that is hollow, that doesn't describe or deal with the root causes of the crisis, the multiple crises that the world is confronted with right now.
And at the end of the day, it does appear that the success or the real outcome of this Rio+20 would be in what has not been said, what has not been expressed, rather than what has been said. We expected that they would come here to present their scorecard on what they've done with the agreements of 1992; but rather, what we've seen in the negotiation has been a very strong desire to review what was decided already, even to agree to mention the Rio Principles, such as common but differentiated responsibilities, such as precautionary principles, such as peculiar requirements of youth and women and the rest. These were very difficult indeed. At the end, the leaders struggled to include just a couple of these positions. And this already is presenting a lot of reasons for us to worry that the United Nations system has been captured by corporations who are driving policy from the background. This is really a very worrisome trend.
JUAN GONZÁLEZ: Nnimmo Bassey, you talk about the scorecard, but the United Nations Environment Program tracked about 90 goals that were developed originally out of Rio 20 years ago and then by other international conferences, and it found that significant progress has been made on only four of them. That's reducing ozone depletion, removing lead from gasoline, improving access to water supplies, and boosting research for marine pollution. Four out of 96. That is a—that would be a failure on any scorecard. Your assessment of whether that's going to improve at all as a result of this summit?
NNIMMO BASSEY: I agree with you completely that there's been a total failure by governments and policymakers over the decisions that were reached in 1992. And here, with attention being removed from those pillars, even the four—the three pillars of sustainability—economic prosperity, environmental protection, social equity and justice—have now been more or less supplanted by the emphasis on economy. And the green economy is opening up space for the whole sale of nature. And very troubling is the whole concept of payment for environmental services. You know, the whole thing is opening up for speculation, which is the very reason why we have financial crisis, the food crisis, and why the climate crisis is not being tackled.
I'll give you one example. I've read the background papers produced by the United Nations Environment Program, and they talk—they have some case studies to show that a green economy can really work. And one of the case studies is on placing value on pollinators. The background to all this is that if financial value is not placed on anything, then people don't value such things. I mean, this is fundamentally flawed, to start with that kind of premise. But they said, in the report, that pollinators provided service worth $190 billion. And we challenge this. How do you begin to estimate how much the value of what butterflies and birds do? How can you put monetary value to that? So, with this kind of platform, we find a lot of space for certain kinds of economists, for scientists, for corporations, who would jump in to begin to commodify every aspect of nature, including the air. Already the air has been grabbed. The water has been grabbed. The forests have been grabbed. The soils have been grabbed. And what the world is facing now is a real crisis. And this conference is not providing the way out of the crisis.
AMY GOODMAN: Nnimmo Bassey is speaking to us from Rio de Janeiro, from the largest U.N. global warming summit, the largest U.N. summit of any kind ever. More than 130 world leaders are there. President Obama is not there, though he was in Copenhagen. The U.S. is being represented by the secretary of state, Hillary Clinton. Nnimmo, could you comment on that, that the U.S. president is not there? And then talk about what you plan to say to Ban Ki-moon, the U.N. secretary-general, tomorrow when you meet him.
NNIMMO BASSEY: Well, it's really shocking that President Obama is not in Rio, because this conference is set to prepare the platform for the direction of development, sustainable development, that the world is going to take over the next decades. Twenty years from 1992, we have backtracked rather than make advances. And so, this was an opportunity for world leaders such as the president of the United States to come here and show leadership in terms of taking things forward in a way that is acceptable.
But, you know, I'm also not so surprised, because the trend has been set right from Copenhagen in 2009, in Cancún and in Durban, that these gatherings are not really about real solutions. They are about how to open up business for corporations. And this is what I intend to tell the secretary-general of the United Nations tomorrow, as we will be presenting a petition from over 400 civil society organizations, that the United Nations must begin to pay more attention to what the people of the world are saying, what the people who are impacted by the multiple crises are experiencing, rather than listening so much on what corporations are saying.
Yesterday, I was invited to be one of those who would sit on a roundtable meeting with the president, but it conflicted with the time that people were on the streets of Rio protesting and marching. I thought the best place to be is right on the street, because we have to stand with the people, because we must not glamorize seats. We have to look for a real solution. And the real solution in Rio—and I will emphasize this tomorrow—is found in the people's summit, the people's space, where people are not beating around the bush. People are going straight, that we have to stop corporate capture, we have to stop false solutions in terms of selling off of forests and cutting off communities from the resources that they need to live. We have to demand that there should be funding for technology transfer. And also, the sustainable development goals that have been proposed have to be unpacked. We need to know what these are and how they're going to be funded and made to happen. The Millennium Development Goals have not been attained. And by 2015, they will—the whole thing will expire. And it's mainly because finance is not being made available. And yet, rich nations are spending billions of dollars, without thinking, on a warfare and destructive activities, whereas what we need now is to rescue the planet.
AMY GOODMAN: Nnimmo Bassey, we want to thank you for being with us. Nnimmo Bassey is with—is chair of Friends of the Earth International and also with Environmental Rights Action in Nigeria. This is Democracy Now!, democracynow.org, The War and Peace Report. We'll stay in Rio after break.


text:
Introduction: Jacques Ranciere on the shores of queer theory
Authors: Samuel A. Chambers and Michael O'Rourke
Date: Oct. 2009
From: Borderlands(Vol. 8, Issue 2)
Publisher: Borderlands
Document Type: Work overview
Article Preview :
This special issue of Borderlands proposes to consider an engagement that has never occurred, between two fields of thought that have never been (and have often resisted becoming) proper 'fields.' This issue itself must therefore stage that encounter, but to do so both the issue and the pieces that comprise it must flirt with a particular danger: namely, that the engagement staged here will be a 'staging' in the worst possible senses.[1] Staging could mean a false and forced construction, a merely academic exercise, or perhaps just a sham. While it goes without saying that we, as editors of the issue, hope to bring about a different sort of staging, it remains for us to say what sort, and why. In thinking through the encounter orchestrated and presented here, we consider the meaning of staging as a mise en scene. We might think such a staging in Ranciere's sense as a particular partition of the sensible. In a response to a recent issue of Parallax devoted to his work, Ranciere, speaking in the third person, discusses precisely the 'dramaturgical' aspects of his work and its refusal to solidify into a 'field' or a 'method': 'This is not a theory of politics, setting the principles for political practice. This is a dramaturgy of politics, a way to make sense of the aporias of political legitimacy by weaving threads between several configurations of sense' (Ranciere, 2009b: 120). We might also think such a staging in the terms of queer activism, as a political confrontation (for example, ACT-UP's 'staging' of kiss-ins or die-ins). Therefore, this special issue rests on the wager that the encounter between the thought of Jacques Ranciere and the work of queer theory will add up to much more than exercises in comparison/contrast or trumping efforts; an effective staging of this encounter must seek to transform both fields of thought. Ranciere conveys just this sense of transformation:
Performing or playing, in the theatrical sense of the word, the gap between a place where the demos exists and a place where it does not ... Politics consists in playing or acting out this relationship, which means first setting it up as a theatre, inventing the argument, in the double logical and dramatic sense of the term, connecting the unconnected. (Ranciere, 1999: 88, emphasis added)
Despite being well aware ourselves that queer theory, even broadly construed, has shown little interest in the writings of Ranciere, and despite understanding fully that Ranciere has at best entirely ignored, at worst actively disdained, the work of queer theory (see Ranciere, 2005), we chose to make this wager (as did, in their own unique ways, the authors who responded to our invitation to write and whose work constitutes this issue) for a number of significant reasons.[2] First, even a superficial reading of Ranciere's conception of politics and police orders, of his understanding of subjectivization (assujetissement), of his theory of the subject as 'in-between' reveals powerful affinities with queer theory's thinking of norms, subversion, and subjectivity as...
Copyright: COPYRIGHT 2009 Borderlands
http://www.borderlandsejournal.adelaide.edu.au/issues/index.html
Political literature