text:
IES Institute of
Education Sciences
ERIC - Education Resources Information Center Nation's Report Card Regional Educational Laboratory Program Small Business Innovation Research What Works Clearinghouse College Navigator
Publications & Products Search
TA Resources for Evaluations Methodological Resources Video Presentations Available Datasets Peer Review Process IES Policy Regarding Public Access to Research How Can I Learn About IES Funded Research?
Funding Opportunities Research Funding Webinars Search Funded Research Grants and Contracts
News NewsFlash Press Releases RSS Feeds
Events IES Research Conference Conferences, Training and Presentations Bridge Events Technical Working Group Meeting Summaries
About the Institute of Education Sciences National Board for Education Sciences Scientific Integrity Policy Standards and Review IES Diversity Statement Contact Us Help
IES Staff Director Deputy Director for Admin & Policy Deputy Director for Science Organizational Chart Staff Directory
IES Blog
Results per page 15 25 50 100	 Clear Search
Pub#
JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember 1980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022
Before During After
Type of Product (help)
- All Types of Products - Applied Research Methods Brochure CD/DVD Compendium Data File Data Point Descriptive Study Directory Evaluation Brief Evaluation Report Financial Tables Report First Look / ED TAB Guide Handbook How-To Guide Impact Study Intervention Report Issue Brief Issues and Answers Report Making an Impact Making Connections Practice Guide Proceedings/Conference Report Quarterly Quick Review Reference Guide Research and Development Report Research Report Rigorous Study Self-Study Guide Single Study Review Snapshot Stated Briefly Statistical Analysis Report Statistics in Brief Systematic Literature Review Tables Technical Brief Technical Methods Report Technical/Methodological Report Tools Topic Report User's Manual/Data File Documentation Video What's Happening What's Known Working Paper
Center/Program
- All Centers/Programs - IES NBES NCEE NCER NCES NCSER NFES NPEC REL WWC
Search Results: (1-15 of 116 records)
Pub Number
NCES 2021144 Condition of Education 2021
The Condition of Education 2021 is a congressionally mandated annual report summarizing the latest data from NCES and other sources on education in the United States. This report is designed to help policymakers and the public monitor educational progress. 5/25/2021
NCES 2021009 Digest of Education Statistics, 2019
The 55th in a series of publications initiated in 1962, the Digest's purpose is to provide a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field of education from prekindergarten through graduate school. The Digest contains data on a variety of topics, including the number of schools and colleges, teachers, enrollments, and graduates, in addition to educational attainment, finances, and federal funds for education, libraries, and international comparisons. 2/25/2021
REL 2021049 Why school accountability systems disproportionately identify middle schools' SWD subgroups for TSI
The purpose of this study was to understand why middle schools in two mid-Atlantic states were apparently disproportionately identified for targeted support and improvement (TSI) based on the performance of their students with disabilities (SWD) subgroups. The study used publicly available data to examine differences across school levels – elementary, middle, and high – and between all students and SWDs. It is relevant to compare all students to SWDs because accountability systems designate TSI schools as those with subgroups of students that perform poorly relative to all students. The study focused on two aspects of school accountability systems: (1) the number of schools in each school level in which enough SWDs took state assessments for the school to be held accountable for the academic proficiency of its SWD subgroup, and (2) the average performance on accountability indicators, by school level and subgroup. In both states, SWDs in middle schools were over 20 percentage points more likely to take state assessments than were SWDs in elementary or high schools, meaning that middle schools' SWD subgroups were substantially more likely to meet states' minimum sample size requirements for including academic performance in accountability scores. Also, SWD subgroups across school levels consistently performed worse than all students on academic proficiency accountability indicators. Taken together, these findings suggest that middle schools' SWD subgroups are more likely than elementary or high school SWD subgroups to be identified for TSI because their accountability scores are more likely to include academic proficiency indicator scores – which tend to be substantially lower than the all students group's academic proficiency indicator scores. This research suggests that when designing school accountability systems, state education agencies may wish to consider how sample size affects estimates of subgroups' performance, and in particular how sample size exclusions may mask poor performance for small subgroups. 10/5/2020
NCES 2020144 The Condition of Education 2020
The 54th in a series of publications initiated in 1962, the Digest's purpose is to provide a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field of education from prekindergarten through graduate school. The Digest contains data on a variety of topics, including the number of schools and colleges, teachers, enrollments, and graduates, in addition to educational attainment, finances, and federal funds for education, libraries, and international comparisons. 12/24/2019
NCES 2019019 User's Manual for the ECLS-K:2011 Fifth-Grade Hearing Evaluations Component Restricted-Use Data File
This User's Manual provides information on the hearing evaluations conducted on a subsample of study children in the spring fifth-grade round of data collection for the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011). It describes the evaluation components and data collection procedures used to evaluate children's hearing. It also describes the fifth-grade hearing evaluations component restricted-use data file structure and variables created from data collected during the evaluations. This manual is only available to users of the ECLS-K:2011 Fifth-Grade Hearing Evaluations Component Restricted-Use Data File (NCES 2019-018). 10/11/2019
NCES 2019018 ECLS-K:2011 Fifth-Grade Hearing Evaluations Component Restricted-Use Data File
Hearing evaluations were conducted on a subsample of study children in the spring fifth-grade round of data collection. The ECLS-K:2011 fifth-grade hearing evaluations component restricted-use data file includes all of the hearing evaluation data collected during the spring 2016 round, including: responses from children to a set of pre-test questions intended to identify conditions that might affect either how the evaluation should be conducted or how the results should be interpreted; results from otoscopy, a brief visual examination of the ear; results from tympanometry, an automated test of middle ear function; results from pure tone air conduction audiometry; and results of a screener for specific language impairment. The hearing evaluations data are provided in an ASCII text file (Y5_hearingevaluation.DAT). A program that must be run in a statistical software package to input the ASCII text file and produce an analytic data file is provided in three formats: SAS, SPSS, and Stata. This file is intended to be used in conjunction with a main longitudinal restricted-use ECLS-K:2011 data file, for example the ECLS-K:2011 kindergarten-fifth grade restricted-use data file (NCES 2019-100). 10/11/2019
NCES 2019050 ECLS-K:2011 Public-Use Kindergarten-Fifth Grade Data File and Electronic Codebook
The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011) is a longitudinal study that followed a nationally representative sample of students from their kindergarten year to the spring of 2016, when most of the students were in fifth grade. This public-use data file includes data from every round of data collection: the fall and spring of the 2010-11 school year, when all of the students were in kindergarten; the fall and spring of the 2011-12 school year, when most of the students were in first grade; the fall and spring of the 2012-13 school year, when most of the students were in second grade; the spring of 2014, when most of the students were in third grade; the spring of 2015, when most of the students were in fourth grade, and the spring of 2016, when most of the students were in fifth grade. The file includes information collected from the students, their parents/guardians, their teachers, and their school administrators in each year of the study. It also includes information collected in the spring of 2011 from their kindergarten-year before- and after-school care providers. 7/12/2019
NCES 2019100 ECLS-K:2011 Restricted-Use Kindergarten-Fifth Grade Data File and Electronic Codebook
The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011) is a longitudinal study that followed a nationally representative sample of students from their kindergarten year to the spring of 2016, when most of the students were in fifth grade. This restricted-use data file includes data from every round of data collection: the fall and spring of the 2010-11 school year, when all of the students were in kindergarten; the fall and spring of the 2011-12 school year, when most of the students were in first grade; the fall and spring of the 2012-13 school year, when most of the students were in second grade; the spring of 2014, when most of the students were in third grade; the spring of 2015, when most of the students were in fourth grade, and the spring of 2016, when most of the students were in fifth grade. The file includes information collected from the students, their parents/guardians, their teachers, and their school administrators in each year of the study. It also includes information collected in the spring of 2011 from their kindergarten-year before- and after-school care providers. 2/22/2019
NCES 2019038 Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups 2018
This report profiles current conditions and recent trends in the education of students by racial and ethnic group. It presents a selection of indicators that examine differences in educational participation and attainment of students in the racial/ethnic groups of White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Two or more races. The report summarizes data on topics such as demographics; preprimary, elementary, and secondary participation; student achievement; student behaviors and persistence in education, postsecondary education, and outcomes of education. 2/20/2019
The 53rd in a series of publications initiated in 1962, the Digest's purpose is to provide a compilation of statistical information covering the broad field of education from prekindergarten through graduate school. The Digest contains data on a variety of topics, including the number of schools and colleges, teachers, enrollments, and graduates, in addition to educational attainment, finances, and federal funds for education, libraries, and international comparisons. 1/30/2019
NCES 2019467 Profile of Undergraduate Students: Attendance, Distance and Remedial Education, Degree Program and Field of Study, Demographics, Financial Aid, Financial Literacy, Employment, and Military Status: 2015–16
These Web Tables provide comprehensive information on undergraduate students who were enrolled in postsecondary institutions during the 2015–16 academic year. Using data from the 2015–16 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:16), these tables include topics on attendance, average grades, credit card debt, participation in distance and remedial education, degree program, field of study, financial aid, financial literacy, military service and veteran status, and student characteristics (including sex, race/ethnicity, age, dependency status, disability status, income, marital status, and parents' education). 1/23/2019
NCES 2019469 Profile and Financial Aid Estimates of Graduate Students: 2015–16
These Web Tables provide a profile of the demographic and enrollment characteristics of graduate students during the 2015–16 academic year and information on how these students financed their education. Using data from the 2015–16 National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:16), the tables include information on graduate students' distribution across degree programs and fields of study; demographic, family, and employment characteristics; educational expenses; and financial aid by source and type. 1/3/2019
NCES 2018083 ECLS-K:2011 Restricted-Use Kindergarten-Fourth Grade Data File and Electronic Codebook
The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011) is a longitudinal study that followed a nationally representative sample of students from their kindergarten year to the spring of 2016, when most of the students were in fifth grade. This restricted-use data file includes information collected during the fall and spring of the 2010-11 school year, when all of the students were in kindergarten; the fall and spring of the 2011-12 school year, when most of the students were in first grade; the fall and spring of the 2012-13 school year, when most of the students were in second grade; the spring of 2014, when most of the students were in third grade; and the spring of 2015, when most of the students were in fourth grade. The file includes information collected from the students, their parents/guardians, their teachers, and their school administrators in each year of the study. It also includes information collected in the spring of 2011 from their kindergarten-year before- and after-school care providers. 5/31/2018
NCES 2018033 ECLS-K:2011 Public-Use Kindergarten-Fourth Grade Data File and Electronic Codebook
The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010-11 (ECLS-K:2011) is a longitudinal study following a nationally representative sample of students from their kindergarten year to the spring of 2016, when most of the students are expected to be in fifth grade. This public-use data file includes information collected during the fall and spring of the 2010-11 school year, when all of the students were in kindergarten; the fall and spring of the 2011-12 school year, when most of the students were in first grade; the fall and spring of the 2012-13 school year, when most of the students were in second grade; the spring of 2014, when most of the students were in third grade; and the spring of 2015, when most of the students were in fourth grade. The file includes information collected from the students, their parents/guardians, their teachers, and their school administrators in each year of the study. It also includes information collected in the spring of 2011 from their kindergarten-year before- and after-school care providers. 3/27/2018
1 - 15 Next >>
Other publication resources
Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)
Government Printing Office (GPO)
Ordering NCES Products


text:
Holiday Illusion
Refuge from Danger Series, Book 3
Written by: Lynette Eason
Narrated by: Romy Nordlinger
Series: Refuge from Danger Series, Book 3
River of Secrets
The amnesiac patient in the makeshift Amazon hospital looks familiar to visiting American nurse Amy Graham. This isn't the first time she's seen those blue-gray eyes, the hard lines of his handsome face. When Amy sees his birthmark, she knows exactly who he is: Micah McKnight, the presumed-dead Navy SEAL. Her best friend's brother. The man her own mother set up to die. Amy can't bear to tell him the dangerous truth about his hidden past. But her secrets are about to explode, because now someone is after them both.
Lethal Deception
Having rescued Cassidy McKnight from kidnappers in South America, Gabe Sinclair thought his job was done. Not that the former Navy SEAL could ever forget the brave, beautiful single mother. But when the danger followed her home, Gabe promised to protect her. Why anyone would want to kill Cassidy was a mystery. Was the motive related to the orphaned toddler Cassidy was raising, a sweet little girl who brought out the father figure in maverick Gabe?
Danger Never Sleeps, Book 1
Narrated by: Callie Beaulieu
Honorably discharged from the Army after an explosion nearly killed her, former military psychiatrist Brooke Adams has set up shop to help others - but her days of helping military personnel are over. She's got her own battles to fight from her time overseas, and she's not equipped to take on more. Former Army Special Ops Sergeant First Class Asher James could handle anything war sent his way - terrorists, bombs, bullets. The only thing that scares him now is sleep. Finally convinced that he needs help, Asher makes an appointment with a counselor.
Another #1!
By Kim on 2020-01-13
Elite Guardians Series, Book 3
Narrated by: Rachel Dulude
When Maddy McKay and Quinn Holcombe don't show up for Quinn's surprise birthday party, his friends know that something is very wrong. Their search turns up little beyond evidence that Quinn and Maddy just decided to take off for a long overdue vacation. But it soon becomes apparent that they did not leave of their own accord. Maddy awakens in a cement room with no idea where she is. But it's not long before she realizes she's in the clutches of a madman exacting revenge by hunting.
Sarah Denning is a military journalist with the Army in the Middle East when her convoy is attacked and she's taken hostage. When former Army Ranger Gavin Black is asked by his old unit commander - Sarah's imposing father - to plan an extremely risky rescue, he reluctantly agrees and successfully executes it. Back in the US, Sarah is livid when she's discharged on a false psychiatric evaluation and vows to return to the Army. Until she learns of her brother's suicide.
Protecting Tanner Hollow
Four Romantic Suspense Novellas
Lethal Homecoming: Nolan Tanner never got over Kallie Ainsworth's sudden, unexplained departure. Now when he comes to her rescue after an attempt on her life, all the old feelings come rushing back. Lethal Conspiracy: When professional fundraiser Lillian Maloney sees her father's campaign manager commit murder, she goes on the run from the men he hires to kill her. A close call brings firefighter Jason Tanner to the rescue, but the killer is closing in.
The Lawman Returns
Wrangler's Corner Series, Book 1
Narrated by: Charlotte North
Deputy Clay Starke has come home to Wrangler's Corner for one reason only: to solve his brother's murder. Denied the official resources that will help him unravel the case, Clay is forced to rely on his wits - and on the help of beautiful social worker Sabrina Mayfield. But Sabrina's willingness to assist him soon draws her into the troubles of Clay's past. Now both Clay and Sabrina have targets on their backs, and Clay is at risk of losing not only his heart, but also his life. Will finding his brother's killer cost him the woman he has come to love?
Elite Guardians Series #1
The bodyguards of Elite Guardians Agency have more than just skill and prowess in common; they're also all women. When it becomes clear that popular psychiatrist and radio personality Wade Savage has a stalker, his father secretly hires Elite Guardians in order to protect his son. But when Wade's bodyguard is attacked and nearly killed, agency owner Olivia Edwards must step in and fill the gap.
The Montana Marshalls
Written by: Susan May Warren
Narrated by: James L. Rubart
Bodyguard, Tate Marshall, has always been the family troublemaker. Maybe it's his impulsive propensity to get into the middle of problems that don't belong to him. But once in, he can't stop himself from trying to solve them - and that includes his recent dilemma. He's in love with the woman he's supposed to protect, the beautiful Gloria, "Glo" Jackson, daughter of US Senator and presidential hopeful Reba Jackson. A member of the country band, the Yankee Belles, Glo was targeted in a recent terrorist attack designed to deter her mother from running.
Chasing Secrets
Elite Guardians, Book 4
Elite Guardians bodyguard Haley Callaghan may be in South Carolina, but when a photo leads investigators in West Ireland to open a 25-year-old cold case, her life is suddenly in danger. Haley knows how to take care of herself; after all, she's made a career out of taking care of others. But after an uncomfortably close call, Detective Steven Rothwell takes it upon himself to stay with her - and the young client she has taken under her wing. A protector at heart, he's not about to let Haley fight this battle alone.
great story stumped me
By Andrew Schell on 2020-10-14
Knox: The Montana Marshalls
Montana rancher, Knox Marshall's, danger years are behind him. A former bull-rider, he now runs the Marshall family ranch, raising champion bucking bulls for the National Professional Bullrider's Expo (NBR-X). But although he's successful and wealthy, at 30, he can't help but wonder if his best years are behind him. His life is stable, expected and…boring. Kelsey Jones just wants a safe life, a family, a home. Well, at least when she's off stage. Onstage, she's the beautiful rising star of the country trio, the Yankee Belles.
Vow of Justice
Blue Justice, Book 4
FBI Special Agent Lincoln St. John is living his own personal nightmare. When the woman he loves, Allison Radcliffe, is killed, he devotes his life to tracking down the killers and making them pay for their crimes. He expected it to be a challenge. What he never expected was to find Allison very much alive shortly after her "murder." As his anger and hurt mix with relief, Linc isn't sure how he's supposed to feel. One thing he does know for sure: He and Allison will have to work together to stop a killer before she dies a second time - this time for good.
Okay, but not as good as the previous books in the series.
By Parkland Mom on 2020-04-21
Katie Singleton, a partner with the Elite Guardians Protection Agency, stumbles upon her next assignment quite by accident. Spotting blue lights at a familiar restaurant, she stops to investigate, only to discover that owner Daniel Matthews has become the target of someone who will go to any lengths to put him out of business. Daniel might be concerned, but he's not convinced that a bodyguard - and a female one at that - is necessary. A new attack and his niece's urgings are enough to make him reconsider.
Holiday Hideout
Rose Mountain Refuge Series, Book 2
Narrated by: Monique Makena
All Dr. Abby Sullivan wants for Christmas is to escape her guilt. Yet no matter how far and fast she runs, she can't leave behind her past or the grim secret she carries. Then a stalker's threats send her on a chilling journey to Rose Mountain, North Carolina, where she's forced to rely on a stranger's protection. But her reliance on handsome cop Cal MacIvers puts him and his family in danger. To survive a deadly showdown, Abby will have to choose: flee again or fight for her life - and for love.
Agent Undercover
Rose Mountain Refuge, Book 1
The traumatized six-year-old boy hasn't said one word since the unsolved murder of his single mother. And now, the killer is after the child - and the devoted uncle raising him, Dr. Dylan Seabrook. Working undercover in the boy's school, DEA agent Paige Ashworth is determined to find the murderer. But she can't tell Dylan her real identity, what she knows - or just how close to the case she really is. Dylan's strength and fierce love for his nephew soon have Paige longing to join their family. First, though, they must catch a killer who never wants little Alex to speak again.
great story awesome listening
By D. Dannhauer on 2020-08-27
The Montana Marshalls, Book 3
Navy SEAL Ford Marshall isn't the kind to stand by and let a woman get hurt - especially when it involves his twin sister, RJ. So, when she makes the news, accused of sparking an international incident, he doesn't care what it takes - he's going to find her and bring her home. But he might need a little help, so he calls on the woman who has had his back during the last three years - Petty Officer Scarlett Hathaway, former communications expert turned rescue-swimmer candidate.
Called to Protect
Blue Justice Series, Book 2
For the past year, Chloe St. John has been working as a K-9 cop with her German shepherd partner, Hank. After being dumped by her fiance for another woman, Chloe has decided Hank is just about the only male she likes. She's over the whole romance thing and focuses her attention on doing her job because a serious case of human trafficking with connections to her missing cousin just landed in her lap.
Protecting Her Daughter
After someone attempts to abduct her daughter, single mom Zoe Collier flees to a remote ranch for safety. But when the would-be kidnappers follow them to Wrangler's Corner, Zoe must figure out why somebody wants Sophia. Local vet Aaron Starke is determined to help Zoe investigate - and to keep his intriguing new neighbors safe. Zoe's used to relying on her own wits to survive. But quick-witted, caring Aaron is just the type of man she needs in her corner. And he might be her partner for keeps...if they can find the truth without losing their lives.
Her life for a child's.
To save a sick, orphaned boy, Anna Freeman must risk her own life. Little Paulo desperately needs a new heart. It's his only Christmas wish - well, that and building his first snowman. For the surgery, Anna must take him to a hospital in the city she once called home. A place she fled in fear years ago. Which means telling Dr. Lucas Bennett that the woman he's known all this time as a caring orphanage worker is really someone else. Someone with a very frightening past. And that the danger stalking all of them won't take Christmas Day off.
©2008 Lynette Eason (P)2019 Tantor
Active Defense
Vanished in the Night
Upright Women Wanted
The Ghost and the Doppelganger
What listeners say about Holiday Illusion
Indydog
The third in the series is wonderful! I loved seeing how Ms. Eason weaves Christ throughout 'the story. It was amazing to see the incredible faith of the characters. I love the narrator.
I really loved this audio book, the plot was excellent, characters were well developed. And Romy Nordlinger did an excellent job as narrator.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: I need help to draw graph like attached screenshots for iOS I've tried lots of graphs but didn't got the success. All the graph will update dynamically based on the heart rate and Average speed in realtime update using monitor and GPS respectively.

*

*This graph will show the data that user had spent how much time in a particular zones.

*This design will show the completion of challenge based on the percentage, other user's profile will move with the percentage of completion.

*This design will show heart rate during the exercise for range from zone 1to 5, Same data will available which i want to draw on image no 1(Above first image). White portion in orange colour is a indicator which will follow the different colour path as per heart rate count shown in same design.

A: You can have many options and create online using highcharts. And implement in a Native application. Download HTML file and set something like that as you want in your comment section.
Highcharts
        func drawChart(barsData:NSMutableArray){

        let jsonData = try! JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: barsData, options: (JSONSerialization.WritingOptions(rawValue: 0)))
        let theJSONText = NSString(data: jsonData,
                                   encoding: String.Encoding.ascii.rawValue)
        let htmlFile: String? = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "YourHTML", ofType: "html")
        var htmlString = try? String(contentsOfFile: htmlFile!, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8)

        let oldWdith = "

"
        let ReplaceWdith = "

"
        htmlString = htmlString?.replacingOccurrences(of: oldWdith, with: ReplaceWdith)
        yourWbview.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(from: htmlString! as String)
        yourWbview.loadHTMLString(htmlString!, baseURL: nil)

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Introduction}

	Tensors are multidimensional generalizations of matrices and vectors, and their ability to make enhanced use of data structures to perform dimensionality reduction and component extraction offers a powerful tool in the analysis of Big Data. Owing to their flexibility and a scalable way to deal with multi-way data, tensors have found application in a wide range of disciplines, from the most theoretical ones, such as mathematics and numerical analysis \cite{comon,lathauwer_hooi,lathauwer_hosvd}, to the more practical signal processing applications \cite{cichocki_brain,tenssignalprocessing}.

	Applying standard numerical methods to tensors may be difficult, as in the raw format the required storage memory and number of operations grow exponentially with the tensor order (\textit{curse of dimensionality}) \cite{ttoseledets}. To overcome this issue, tensor decompositions (TDs) have been introduced with the aim to represent tensors by a much smaller number of parameters, via multilinear operations over the latent factors. The most well-known TD approaches are the Canonical Polyadic \cite{parafac, parafac2}, the Tucker \cite{tucker1, tucker2}, and the Tensor Train decompositions \cite{ttoseledets} (CPD, TKD, and TT respectively).

	Any TD can be considered as a special case of the more general concept of tensor networks (TNs), which represent a high order tensor as a set of sparsely interconnected core tensors and factor matrices \cite{tenssignalprocessing}. In other words, TNs can be viewed as multi-core interconnections of features of the original tensor. The advantages of representing a tensor as a TN are: (i) TNs are perfectly suited to deal with the curse of dimensionality, as a high order tensor can be stored on different machines which deal with only the individual cores, (ii) each core may be representative of specific characteristics of the underlying tensor, thus implying inherent feature extraction on the original data. Despite these advantages, open problems in practical design of TNs include: (i) the choice of the TD for a particular application, (ii) minimization of the number of the parameters necessary for the TN representation \cite{ttoseledets}, and (iii) to the best of our knowledge, a rigorous framework to combine TNs.

	In this work, we address the point (iii), by focusing on the issue of TN summation for TNs of the same topology. Summation is the most natural way to combine any two entities into a new one, and we postulate that a sum of multiple tensors (summands), \textit{in their TN format}, preserves the underlying structure in the inherent features of the summands. In this way, the sum of TNs immediately yields another isomorphic TN, the cores of which are a combination of the corresponding cores of the summand TNs. The summation operator can hence be interpreted as a process of mixing features of the original tensors, however, algorithms for tensor network summation are still in their infancy.

	To this end, we propose a novel framework for the summation of TNs (and inherently any two or more tensors represented by TNs). This is achieved by simple block arrangements of the corresponding original cores. Leveraging on the very efficient way in which TNs represent large tensors in terms of the required storage and computation, and realizing that interconnections among the cores in a TN describe how data structures of the original tensors are intertwined, we explore the possibility to combine \textit{corresponding individual cores} of two TNs with the same topology in order to obtain a \textit{new TN}, the cores of which carry both joint and individual information present in the original cores. Therefore, this is related to the recently introduced common feature extraction in  \cite{cobe}, however, unlike matrices, the proposed framework enables this to be performed on tensors of any order, with the only condition that the original tensors are represented as TNs with equivalent topologies. Practical advantages of the proposed framework are demonstrated through an image classification application based on the ETH-80 dataset \cite{eth}, whereby every dataset entry is represented as a TN, and their individual features are combined via our proposed framework. This allows for the extraction of the shared information in the original data, which is then fed to a Support Vector Machine algorithm (SVM), and attains an overall classification rate of $92.3\%$. The proposed framework therefore opens up new perspectives on the manipulation of TNs, completely removing the preconception that they have to be treated as stand-alone entities, and offers a new avenue for their applications.

	\section{Notation and Background}\label{sec:theory}
	A tensor of order $N$ is denoted by boldface underlined uppercase letters, $\tensor{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{I_1 \times \dots \times I_N}$, a matrix by boldface uppercase letters, $\mathbf{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{J\times K}$, a vector by boldface lowercase letters, $\mathbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times 1}$, and a scalar by italic lowercase letters,  $x \in \mathbb{R}$. Subscripts are generally described by indices $n,i,j,k$. An element in a $N$-th order tensor is denoted by $x_{i_1, i_2, \dots, i_N} = \tensor{X}(i_1, i_2, \dots, i_N)$. Given an $N$-th order tensor $\tensor{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{I_1 \times \dots \times I_n \times \dots \times I_N}$ and an $M$-th order tensor $\tensor{Y} \in \mathbb{R}^{J_1 \times \dots \times J_m \times \dots \times J_M}$, with $I_n = J_m$, their $(m,n)$-contraction product is $\tensor{Z} = \tensor{X} \times^m_n \tensor{Y}$, where $\tensor{Z}$ is an $(N+M-2)$-th order tensor (for more detail we refer to \cite{danilo_part1}).
	By convention $\times_n$ is equivalent to $\times^2_n$, and is referred to as mode-$n$ contraction. The mode-$n$ unfolding of a tensor $\tensor{X}$ rearranges its elements into a matrix, and is expressed as $\mathbf{X}_{(n)}$ (see \cite{dolgov_2014} for more details). The symbol $\otimes$ denotes the Kronecker product,  $\circ$ the outer product, and $||\cdot||$ the Frobenius norm. A TN representation of a tensor $\tensor{X}$ is denoted by a calligraphic bold letter, $\tn{X}$. Finally, the operator $\text{vec}(\cdot)$ indicates vectorization of a tensor.

	\subsection{Tucker Decomposition}\label{sec:tkd}

	The TKD is analogous to a higher order form of matrix factorization, and decomposes an original tensor $\tensor{X}$ into a core tensor contracted by a factor matrix along each corresponding mode  \cite{tucker1,Tuck1963a,tucker64extension}. In the case of a $3$-rd order tensor $\tensor{X}\in\mathbb{R}^{I\times J \times K}$, the TKD is expressed as
	\begin{equation}\label{eq:tkd}
	\begin{aligned}
	\tensor{X}& = \tensor{G} \times_1 \mathbf{A} \times_2 \mathbf{B} \times_3 \mathbf{C}\\
	& = \sum_{q}^{Q} \sum_{r}^{R} \sum_{p}^{P} g_{qrp} \mathbf{a}_{q} \circ \mathbf{b}_{r} \circ \mathbf{c}_{p}
	\end{aligned}
	\end{equation}
	where $\tensor{G} \in \mathbb{R}^{Q \times R \times P} $ and $\mathbf{A} \in \mathbb{R}^{I \times Q},\mathbf{B} \in \mathbb{R}^{J \times R}$, $\mathbf{C} \in \mathbb{R}^{K \times P}$, while a TKD for an $N$-th order tensor is given by

	\begin{equation}\label{eq:tkdgen}
	\begin{aligned}
	\tensor{X} =& \tensor{G} \times_1 \mathbf{A}^{(1)} \times_2 \mathbf{A}^{(2)} \times_3 \dots \times_N \mathbf{A}^{(N)}
	\end{aligned}
	\end{equation}
	For convenience, any tensor expressed in the form of (\ref{eq:tkdgen}), will be referred to as ``in the TKD format", even though the factors $\mathbf{A}^{(n)}$ were not necessarily obtained via a TKD. The mode-$n$ unfolding of a tensor in the TKD format is
	\begin{equation}\label{eq:nthunfold}
	\mathbf{X}_{(n)}= \mathbf{A}^{(n)}\mathbf{G}_{(n)}(\mathbf{A}^{(N)}  \otimes \dots \otimes \mathbf{A}^{(n-1)} \otimes \mathbf{A}^{(n+1)} \otimes \dots \otimes \mathbf{A}^{(1)}   )^T
	\end{equation}

	\subsection{Background on Tensor Networks}

	A decomposition of a tensor into multi-way linked core tensors and matrices leads to  equations often involving numerous contraction products, which can be cumbersome to write and hard to visualize. For this reason it is common to represent tensors diagrammatically \cite{danilo_part1}, as in  Fig. \ref{fig:graph}.  An $N$-th order tensor can be represented as a node (circle) with as many edges (modes) as the tensor order. In TNs, contractions are designated by linking two common modes, called contraction modes, while ``dangling" edges are physical modes of the represented tensor.

	\begin{figure}[H]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{tensor_rep}
		\caption{Building blocks of TNs. Anticlockwise from the top-left: scalar, vector, matrix,  and $3$-rd order tensor. Edges are called modes, and the associated label $I,J,K$, indicate their dimensionality.}
		\label{fig:graph}
	\end{figure}

	Two examples of TNs are provided in Fig. \ref{fig:TN}, whereby any mode which is not a physical mode is a contraction mode. Nodes linked only to contraction modes are contraction nodes, whereas nodes linked to one or more physical mode are referred to as physical nodes. The ``shape" of a TN is its topology, where the concept of topology is the same to the one adopted in Graph Theory \cite{graphs}.

	Each node in a TN $\tn{X}$ can either represent a particular feature of the original tensor $\tensor{X}$ (in case of physical nodes), or a model on how features are combined (in case of contraction nodes).
	It is clear that, given that TNs represent tensors of any order,  without a framework for combining TNs, the problem of mixing features of individual cores, which subsequently allows for the extraction of the common features across the individual tensors, becomes difficult to address. This characteristic of ``feature locality" inherent to the nodes of a TN is of fundamental importance. Therefore our main motivation for this work is to provide the missing link for TN summation via a combination of their corresponding cores, thus simultaneously performing a mixture of features.

	\begin{figure}[H]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.5\linewidth]{TN}
		\caption{Examples of TNs (figure adapted from \cite{danilo_part1}). Left: a TN representing a $16$-th order tensor, with contraction nodes shown in blue, and physical nodes shown in green. Right: a TN representing a $32$-th order tensor, with contraction nodes shown in blue ($3$-rd order) and orange ($4$-th order), and physical nodes in green. }
		\label{fig:TN}
	\end{figure}

	\section{Sum of Tensor Networks}\label{sec:pepe}

	 To establish a framework of summation of two or more TNs, assume that the individual TNs: (i) have physical modes with equal dimensions, (ii)  have the same topology. We proceed by providing the definitions, the main conjecture, and specific propositions arising from the conjecture, followed by an outline of practical applications.

	\begin{definition}
		A \textbf{block tensor} is a tensor that is arranged into sub-tensors called \textbf{blocks}, that is, its entries are tensors of the same order but not necessarily of the same dimensionality.
	\end{definition}

	\begin{definition}
		The \textbf{superdiagonal} of a block tensor $\tensor{X}\in\mathbb{R}^{I_1 \times \dots \times I_N}$ is the collection of entries $x_{i_1,i_2,\dots, i_n}$, where $i_1 = i_2 = \dots = i_n$.
	\end{definition}

	\begin{conj}\label{conj:sumtns}
		Consider two tensors $\tensor{X}, \tensor{Y}\in \mathbb{R}^{I_1 \times \dots \times I_N}$ represented as TNs with equivalent topologies, but not necessarily with equivalent contracting modes, referred to as $\tn{X}$ and $\tn{Y}$. The sum $\tensor{Z} = \tensor{X}+\tensor{Y}$ can then be represented as a new TN, $\tn{Z}$, with equivalent topology to $\tn{X}$ and $\tn{Y}$. Its contraction nodes are in the form of a block tensor which is obtained by stacking the corresponding contraction nodes of $\tn{X}$ and $\tn{Y}$ along its superdiagonal. The physical nodes of $\tn{Z}$ are obtained by stacking the corresponding physical nodes of $\tn{X}$ and $\tn{Y}$ in such a way that the dimensionality of all contracting modes is increased but that of the physical modes is kept fixed.
	\end{conj}

	\begin{prop}\label{prop:chain}
		Conjecture \ref{conj:sumtns} holds for chains of matrices.
	\end{prop}

	\begin{proof}
		Consider Fig. \ref{fig:chain} as a graphical representation of Conjecture 1, and suppose $\mathbf{X}= \mathbf{A}_1 \mathbf{A}_2 \cdots \mathbf{A}_N$, $\mathbf{Y}= \mathbf{B}_1 \mathbf{B}_2 \cdots \mathbf{B}_N$, where $\mathbf{X}, \mathbf{Y} \in \mathbb{R}^{I \times J}$, and $\mathbf{A}_n, \mathbf{B}_n \in \mathbb{R}^{R_n \times R_{n+1}} $, with $R_0 = I, R_{N} = J$. Define a new chain of matrices $\mathbf{Z}=\mathbf{C}_1 \mathbf{C}_2 \cdots \mathbf{C}_N$, where each $\mathbf{C}_n$ is an arrangement of $\mathbf{A}_n, \mathbf{B}_n$ according to Conjecture \ref{conj:sumtns}. By a direct inspection of $\mathbf{Z}$, we obtain
		\begin{equation}
		\begin{aligned}
		\mathbf{Z}& =  \mathbf{C}_1 \mathbf{C}_2 \cdots \mathbf{C}_N \\
		&=\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_1 & \mathbf{B}_1
		\end{bmatrix}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_2 & \mathbf{0} \\
		\mathbf{0}   & \mathbf{B}_2 \\
		\end{bmatrix} \cdots
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_{N-1} & \mathbf{0} \\
		\mathbf{0}   & \mathbf{B}_{N-1} \\
		\end{bmatrix}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_N \\
		\mathbf{B}_N \\
		\end{bmatrix} \\
		&= \mathbf{A}_1 \mathbf{A}_2 \cdots \mathbf{A}_n +  \mathbf{B}_1 \mathbf{B}_2 \cdots \mathbf{B}_n \\
		&= \mathbf{X} + \mathbf{Y}
		\end{aligned}
		\end{equation}

	\end{proof}

	\begin{figure}[H]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{concat_Gx_Gy}

		\caption{Graphical representation of a sum of matrices $\mathbf{X}$ and $\mathbf{Y}$,  expressed as a matrix chain. The matrices (nodes) $\mathbf{C}_n$ are composed of the matrices $\mathbf{A}_n$ and $\mathbf{B}_n$, which are arranged according to Conjecture \ref{conj:sumtns}, either through a concatenation (two horizontal subnodes) or a block-diagonal arrangement (two diagonal subnodes).}
		\label{fig:chain}
	\end{figure}

	\begin{prop}\label{prop:sumtkd}
		Conjecture \ref{conj:sumtns} holds for any tensor expressed in the TKD format.
	\end{prop}

	\begin{proof}
		For simplicity we here prove Proposition \ref{prop:sumtkd} for $3$-rd order tensors, but without loss of generality the result holds for any tensor order. Fig. \ref{fig:sumtkd} shows the tensors $\tensor{X}, \tensor{Y} \in \mathbb{R}^{I_1 \times I_2 \times I_3}$ in the TKD format, that is
		\begin{equation}
		\begin{aligned}
		\tensor{X} &= \tensor{G}_x \times_1 \mathbf{A}_x \times_2 \mathbf{B}_x \times_3 \mathbf{C}_x \\
		\tensor{Y} &= \tensor{G}_y \times_1 \mathbf{A}_y \times_2 \mathbf{B}_y \times_3 \mathbf{C}_y
		\end{aligned}
		\end{equation}
		with respective TN representations $\tn{X}, \tn{Y}$. A new TN, $\tn{Z}$, is obtained by combining $\tn{X}$ and $\tn{Y}$ according to Conjecture \ref{conj:sumtns} (observe Fig. \ref{fig:sumtkd}), and the so represented tensor, $\tensor{Z}$, can be described by
		\begin{equation}\label{eq:z}
		\tensor{Z} = \tensor{G}_z \times_1 \mathbf{A}_z \times_2 \mathbf{B}_z \times_3 \mathbf{C}_z
		\end{equation}
		The task is to show that $\tensor{Z}=\tensor{X}+\tensor{Y}$. We shall consider the mode-$1$ unfolding, but the same procedure can be applied to any mode. Define
	$
		\mathbf{A}_z =
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_x & \mathbf{A}_y
		\end{bmatrix},$

		and $\tensor{G}_z$ as an arrangement of $\tensor{G}_x$ and $\tensor{G}_y$ along the superdiagonal of $\tensor{G}_z$, and consider

		\begin{equation}
		\begin{aligned}
		\mathbf{K}_1 &= (\mathbf{C}_x \otimes \mathbf{B}_x) ^T \\
		\mathbf{K}_2 &= (\mathbf{C}_y \otimes \mathbf{B}_y) ^T \\
		\end{aligned}
		\end{equation}
		 Upon performing the mode-$1$ unfolding of $\tensor{X}$ and $\tensor{Y}$ according to (\ref{eq:nthunfold}), and combining the matrices $\mathbf{X}_{(1)}, \mathbf{Y}_{(1)}$ in their TN form, then from Proposition \ref{prop:chain} the resulting matrix, $\mathbf{Z}_*$, can be described as
		\begin{equation}\label{eq:tnz}
		\mathbf{Z}_* =
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_x & \mathbf{A}_y
		\end{bmatrix}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{G}_{x(1)} & \mathbf{0} \\
		\mathbf{0} & \mathbf{G}_{y(1)}
		\end{bmatrix}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{K}_1 & \mathbf{K}_2
		\end{bmatrix}^T
		\end{equation}

		Therefore, in order to prove Proposition \ref{prop:sumtkd} it is sufficient to show that $\mathbf{Z}_{(1)}=\mathbf{Z}_*$, where $\mathbf{Z}_{(1)}$ is the mode-$1$ unfolding of $\tensor{Z}$ represented as in (\ref{eq:z}). To this end, consider
		\begin{equation} \label{eq:tkdz}
		\begin{aligned}
		&\mathbf{Z}_{(1)} = \mathbf{A}_z \mathbf{G}_{z(1)} (\mathbf{C}_z \otimes \mathbf{B}_z)^T\\
		&=
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_x & \mathbf{A}_y
		\end{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{G}_{z(1)} \big(
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{C}_x & \mathbf{C}_y
		\end{bmatrix} \otimes
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix}
		\big)^T
		\end{aligned}
		\end{equation}

		For convenience, denote $\tensor{X}, \tensor{Y}, \tensor{G}_x, \tensor{G}_y \in \mathbb{R}^{2 \times 2 \times 2}$, and define $\tensor{G}_\alpha(:,:,j) = \mathbf{\hat{G}}_\alpha (j)$, where $\alpha\in\{x,y\}$. Hence
		\begin{equation}\label{eq:gz}
		\mathbf{G}_{z(1)}=
		\begingroup
		\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{\hat{G}}_x (1) & \mathbf{0} & \mathbf{\hat{G}}_x (2) & \mathbf{0}& \mathbf{0}& \mathbf{0}& \mathbf{0}& \mathbf{0}\\
		\mathbf{0}& \mathbf{0}& \mathbf{0}& \mathbf{0}& \mathbf{0} & \mathbf{\hat{G}}_y (1) & \mathbf{0} &\mathbf{\hat{G}}_y (2)
		\end{bmatrix}
		\endgroup
		\end{equation}

		\noindent Without loss of generality assume
		\begin{equation}
		\begin{aligned}
		\mathbf{C}_x &=
		\begin{bmatrix}
		1 & 2 \\
		5 & 6
		\end{bmatrix} \hspace{5mm}
		\mathbf{C}_y =
		\begin{bmatrix}
		3 & 4 \\
		7 & 8
		\end{bmatrix}\\
		\end{aligned}
		\end{equation}
		to give
		\begin{equation}
		\begin{aligned}
		&\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{C}_x & \mathbf{C}_y
		\end{bmatrix} \otimes
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix} = \\
		& =
		\begingroup
		\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}
		\renewcommand*{\arraystretch}{1.5}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		1 \begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix} & 2\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix} & 3\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix} & 4\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix} \\
		5\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix} & 6\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix} & 7\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix} & 8\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{B}_x & \mathbf{B}_y
		\end{bmatrix}
		\end{bmatrix}
		\endgroup\\
		 &= \mathbf{U}
		\end{aligned}
		\end{equation}

		Upon substituting $\mathbf{G}_{z(1)}$ and $\mathbf{U}$ into (\ref{eq:tkdz}) and making use of the sparse nature of (\ref{eq:gz}), we arrive at
		\begin{align}

		&\mathbf{Z}_{(1)} = \mathbf{A}_z \mathbf{G}_{z(1)} \mathbf{U}^T \nonumber \\
				&=

				\begin{bmatrix}
				\mathbf{A}_x &\mathbf{A}_y
				\end{bmatrix}

				\begingroup
				\setlength\arraycolsep{2pt}
				\begin{bmatrix}
				\mathbf{\hat{G}}_x(1) &\mathbf{\hat{G}}_x(2)& \mathbf{0} &\mathbf{0} \nonumber  \\
				\mathbf{0} &\mathbf{0} & \mathbf{\hat{G}}_y(1) &\mathbf{\hat{G}}_y(2)
				\end{bmatrix}
				\endgroup

				\begin{bmatrix}
				1 \mathbf{B}_x^T & 5\mathbf{B}_x^T \\
				2\mathbf{B}_x^T & 6\mathbf{B}_x^T \\
				3\mathbf{B}_y^T & 7\mathbf{B}_y^T\\
				4\mathbf{B}_y^T & 8\mathbf{B}_y^T
				\end{bmatrix}\\
		&=
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_x& \mathbf{A}_y
		\end{bmatrix}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{G}_{x(1)} & \mathbf{0} \\
		\mathbf{0} &\mathbf{G}_{y(1)}
		\end{bmatrix}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{K}_1^T\\
		\mathbf{K}_2^T
		\end{bmatrix} \nonumber \\
		&=
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{A}_x &\mathbf{A}_y
		\end{bmatrix}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{G}_{x(1)} & \mathbf{0} \\
		\mathbf{0} &\mathbf{G}_{y(1)}
		\end{bmatrix}
		\begin{bmatrix}
		\mathbf{K}_1 & \mathbf{K}_2
		\end{bmatrix}^T = \mathbf{Z}_*

		\end{align}
	\end{proof}

	\begin{figure}[H]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{TKD_summation_rep}

		\caption{Graphical sum of tensors $\tensor{X}$ and $\tensor{Y}$ in the TKD format.}
		\label{fig:sumtkd}
	\end{figure}

	\section{Experimental Results}\label{sec:sim}

	Practical implications of the main contribution of this paper, that is, Proposition \ref{prop:sumtkd}, were investigated in an image classification task based on the benchmark ETH-80 dataset. It consists of 3280 images, composed of 8 classes, 10 objects per class, 41 images per object. For our simulations, the images were downsampled to $32 \times 32$ pixels. Given the RGB format of the considered images, our dataset consists of $3$-rd order tensors $\tensor{X}_m \in \mathbb{R}^{32 \times 32 \times 3}, m=1,\dots, M$ (where $M=3280$).

	For each image, $\tensor{X}_m$, in the training set a TKD was performed by setting the size of the core tensors to $R_1 = R_2 = R_3 = 3$. The factor matrices $\{\mathbf{A}_m, \mathbf{B}_m, \mathbf{C}_m\}$ were scaled by $\eta^\frac{1}{3}$, where $\eta = ||\tensor{G}_m||$, to regularize the contribution of features. This is equivalent to normalizing the core tensor of each TKD decomposition to unit norm, without affecting the accuracy of the approximation. The scaled factor matrices $\{\mathbf{A}_m, \mathbf{B}_m, \mathbf{C}_m\}$ were concatenated into the matrices  $\{\mathbf{A}_d, \mathbf{B}_d, \mathbf{C}_d\}$. The SVD was subsequently applied and the first $\{R_1, R_2, R_3\}$ singular vectors were retained (we refer to this operator as tSVD($\cdot$)), which yielded matrices $\{\mathbf{A}_c, \mathbf{B}_c, \mathbf{C}_c\}$. Finally, for each image, $\tensor{X}_m$, a new core tensor was computed as
	\begin{equation}\label{eq:proj}
	\accentset{\circ}{\tensor{G}}_m = \tensor{X}_m \times_1 \mathbf{A}_c^T \times_2 \mathbf{B}_c^T \times_3 \mathbf{C}_c^T
	\end{equation}
	Equation (\ref{eq:proj}) represents the projection of the data images onto the features common to the full dataset, implying that $\accentset{\circ}{\tensor{G}}_m$ can be used for classification purposes. Their vectorized versions $\text{vec}(\accentset{\circ}{\tensor{G}}_m), m=1,\dots, M$,  were fed to a machine learning classifier in the form of an SVM (Gaussian kernel), which employed a one-vs-one (OVO) approach. During the testing stage, for each new element $\tensor{X}_*$, $\text{vec}(\accentset{\circ}{\tensor{G}}_*)$ was computed analogously and was classified according to the trained model, as summarized in Algorithm \ref{algo:pepe}.

	\begin{algorithm}
		\caption{Sum of TNs for image classification}
		\label{algo:pepe}
		\begin{algorithmic}[1]
			\State\textbf{Input:} Dataset $\{\tensor{X}_m\}_{m=1}^M$,  $\{R_1, R_2, R_3\}$
			\For {each element $m$ in dataset}
			\State $\tensor{X}_m = \tensor{G}_m \times_1 \times \mathbf{A}_m \times_2 \mathbf{B}_m \times_3 \mathbf{C}_m$
			\State $\eta = ||\tensor{G}_m||$
			\State $\mathbf{A}_d = 	\begin{bmatrix}
			\mathbf{A}_d &\eta^{\frac{1}{3}}  \mathbf{A}_m
			\end{bmatrix}$
			\State $\mathbf{B}_d = 	\begin{bmatrix}
			\mathbf{B}_d &\eta^{\frac{1}{3}} \mathbf{B}_m
			\end{bmatrix}$
			\State $\mathbf{C}_d = 	\begin{bmatrix}
			\mathbf{B}_d &\eta^{\frac{1}{3}} \mathbf{C}_m
			\end{bmatrix}$
			\EndFor
			\State $\mathbf{A}_c = \text{tSVD}(\mathbf{A}_d, R_1)$
			\State $\mathbf{B}_c = \text{tSVD}(\mathbf{B}_d, R_2)$
			\State $\mathbf{C}_c = \text{tSVD}(\mathbf{C}_d, R_3)$
			\For  {each element $m$ in dataset}
			\State$\accentset{\circ}{\tensor{G}}_m = \tensor{X}_m \times_1 \mathbf{A}_c^T \times_2 \mathbf{B}_c^T \times_3 \mathbf{C}_c^T$
			\EndFor
			\State Train classifier on $\{\text{vec}(\accentset{\circ}{\tensor{G}}_m)\}_{m=1}^M$.
		\end{algorithmic}
	\end{algorithm}

	The procedure outlined in Algorithm \ref{algo:pepe} was applied to the ETH-80 dataset, with $80\%$ of the available images serving as randomly selected training data. The average of 20 realizations yielded an accuracy of $92.3\%$. Observe in Fig. \ref{fig:confmat} that all classes were classified with a hit-rate $>90\%$ except for ``Cow", ``Dog", and ``Horse", which in the dataset indeed look similar (we refer to \cite{eth}).
	\begin{figure}[H]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{confmatpng}
		\caption{Confusion matrix of the classification algorithm, where $80\%$ of the data was used for training.}
		\label{fig:confmat}
	\end{figure}

	Performance comparisons were conducted against an SVM (Gaussian kernel) applied directly to the vectorised images, and a tensor-based classification method which we refer to as ``TKD-CONCAT", which concatenates all members of ETH-80 in a $4$-th order tensor, performs a TKD, and retains the first 3 factor matrices, as outlined in \cite{feature}. The results are shown in Fig. \ref{fig:diff_rates} and suggest that a direct summation of TNs yields a physically meaningful mixture of features, offering enhanced cross accuracy. Importantly, our proposed algorithm outperformed the other methods, especially when a small amount of data is available for training, as shown in the bottom graph.
	\begin{figure}[H]
		\centering
		\includegraphics[width=0.6\linewidth]{rates_diff2}
		\caption{Classification results using the sum of TNs approach. Top: Accuracy rates. Bottom: Difference in accuracy between classification based on sum of TNs and standard SVM.}
		\label{fig:diff_rates}
	\end{figure}

	\section{Conclusion}\label{sec:conc}

	We have introduced a formalism behind the sum of tensor networks, and have validated the approach for chains of matrices ($2$-nd order tensors) and, more generally, for tensors in the Tucker format. By employing the analogy between the sum of tensor network cores and a feature fusion, we have devised a new  algorithm for image classification, which rests solely upon the the sum of tensor networks. Moreover, the proposed algorithm has been shown to exhibit a noticeable advantage when only few training data are available. Tests on the the ETH-80 dataset have attained an accuracy rate of $92.3\%$, and the proposed algorithm has been shown to outperform both standard Support Vector Machine and a related tensor-based classification approach. Generalisations of the proposed framework are the subject of ongoing work.

	\bibliographystyle{IEEEtran}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: scheme: how to use call/cc for backtracking I have been playing around with continuations in scheme (specifically guile) over the last couple of days and am a little puzzled by the results that some of the functions have and was wondering if anyone could explain exactly what is going on here.
There is a function called (get-token) that will retrieve the next found token in a given file. For example, if the next 3 tokens were "a", "b", and "c", calling (get-token) would return "a" the first time it is called, "b" the second time it is called, and "c" the third time it is called.
What I would like to do is have a function (peek-token) that will call (get-token), return the token, and then return to a state before the (get-token) function was called. I have attempted a number of different methods to achieve this result, and the one I currently have is:
;; make things a little easier to write
(define-syntax bind/cc
  (syntax-rules ()
    ((bind/cc var . body)
     (call/cc (lambda (var) . body)))))

;; function should return next token and then
;; revert to previous state
(define (peek-token)
  (bind/cc return
           (let ((token (get-token)))
             (return token))))

How I understand it right now, the bind/cc will save a continuation at the first return and then execute the following block of code. Then when return is hit again, the program jumps back to where the continuation was bound and the token value is given as a result.
However, when I run the above function the results are exactly the same as the original (get-token) function.
I would be very grateful if anyone could explain where I am going wrong, or express a better way to get the same result (I know some people hate going the way of call/cc).

A: To hack a Mark Twain misquote to pieces: The reports of call/cc's capabilities are greatly exaggerated.
More specifically, call/cc captures call state, not program state. That means that it captures information about where the flow of code goes when the continuation is invoked. It does not capture information on variables, and in particular, if your get-token saves its iteration state by set!ting a variable, that is not going to be restored when you invoke your continuation.
In fact, your expression of (call/cc (lambda (k) (let ((token (get-token))) (k token)))) should behave identically to simply (get-token); there should not be any observable differences between the two expressions.


A classic European styled flat-top mandolin, EARNESTO is designed for the ethnic or classical musician looking for an alternative to the standard bowlback, archtop, or crack top mandolin. The large, deep body, and long (14 1/2″) scale length gives this instrument a clear brilliance, with strong bass and rich overtones, capable of a wide range of timbres and moods. EARNESTO is available in a variety of domestic and imported hardwoods, with a slotted or solid headstock.


text:
Home / Legal News / Judge: Ex-Walker aides investigation continues (UPDATE)
Judge: Ex-Walker aides investigation continues (UPDATE)
By: Associated Press	November 28, 2012 11:25 am
Retired Wisconsin Court of Appeals Judge Neal Nettesheim
By SCOTT BAUER
MADISON, Wis. (AP) – The judge overseeing the investigation into people who worked for Gov. Scott Walker when he was the Milwaukee County executive said Wednesday that the probe is not complete and remains open.
Walker said Tuesday that he hoped the so-called "John Doe" investigation would end as early as this week. He made the comments in response to a question at a meeting of the Dairy Business Association and said afterward that he was basing his hope on media accounts and a general feeling that the investigation was winding down.
But retired Waukesha County Judge Neal Nettesheim told The Associated Press in a telephone interview from his home Wednesday that anyone guessing that the probe was coming to an end was engaging in "pure conjecture."
"The John Doe is not completed," Nettesheim said. "It is still open."
The investigation into Walker's former aides and associates during his time as Milwaukee County executive began in May 2010, six months before he was elected governor. Six people have been charged with crimes including misconduct in office and theft, but Walker has not been charged or accused of any wrongdoing.
Walker said Monday he was "absolutely" confident that he was not the target of the investigation.
Bruce Landgraf, an assistant district attorney leading the investigation, has declined to comment on its status.
Six people have been charged so far as a result of the probe:
– Tim Russell, a former deputy chief of staff for Walker in his county office, reached a plea deal with prosecutors in a felony embezzlement case. He has a plea hearing set for Thursday. Russell was charged with embezzling more than $20,000 from a veterans group that Walker assigned him to lead.
– Kelly Rindfleisch, another former deputy chief of staff, pleaded guilty to a felony count of misconduct in office after she did campaign work on taxpayers' time. Three similar counts were dismissed. She was sentenced last week to six months in jail.
– Kevin D. Kavanaugh, whom Walker had named to the county Veterans Service Commission, was found guilty last month of stealing more than $51,000 that had been donated to help veterans and their families. He is scheduled to be sentenced Dec. 7.
– Darlene Wink, a former Walker aide, pleaded guilty this summer to two misdemeanor charges of working on Walker's gubernatorial campaign on county time. She has a Jan. 10 sentencing hearing.
– William Gardner, president and chief executive officer of Wisconsin & Southern Railroad Co., was sentenced to two years' probation in July after being found guilty of exceeding state campaign donation limits and laundering campaign donations to Walker and other Wisconsin politicians.
– Brian Pierick, Russell's domestic partner, was charged with child enticement, evidence of which was allegedly discovered during the investigation of Russell. Pierick's jury trial is scheduled to start Jan. 29.
Darlene Wink John Doe investigation Neal Nettesheim Scott Walker 11:25 am Wed, November 28, 2012 Wisconsin Law Journal - WI Legal News & Resources
Tagged with: Darlene Wink John Doe investigation Neal Nettesheim Scott Walker
Previous: Immigration – asylum — China
Next: Prisoner's 10th appeal rejected by court


The official website for young virtuoso violinist elvin hoxha ganiyev. Respublikada qvvd olan qanunvericilik sistemi bu prinsiplr uyun olub, lilliyi olan insanlarn. elvin haciyev qanunvericilik pdf Jan 06, dovlet qullugu elvin haciyev dovlet qullugu pdf dovlet qullugu proqrami dovlet qullugu qanunvericilik testleri dovlet. Join facebook to connect with elvin haciyev and others you may know. The historically low growth and high poverty rates have fed social tensions, most evident.
The file contains pages and is free to view, download or print. Conference chair asif pashayev felix sadyrbaev aygun. All books are in clear copy here, and all files are secure so dont worry about it. Darhan kidirali, president of international turkic academy.
Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the. Join facebook to connect with elvin haciyev and others you may know. Galileo galilei,dialogues concerning two new sciences the online library of liberty this ebook pdf format is published by liberty fund, inc.
Hyata keiriln sosial tdbirlr srasnda lillrin sosialpe reabilitasiyas, mulluu v cmiyyt inteqrasiyas il bal faliyyt mhm yer tutur. Hyata keiriln sosial tdbirlr srasnda lillrin sosialpe reabilitasiyas, mulluu v cmiyyt inteqrasiyas il bal faliyyt mhm yer tutur. The official website for young virtuoso violinist elvin hoxha ganiyev.
I cant download the client that tukui offers because im on a mac. File crud icons download free file crud icons here. Respublikada qvvd olan qanunvericilik sistemi bu prinsiplr uyun olub, lilliyi olan insanlarn sosial mdafisi, mulluu v habel onlarn potensial imkanlarnn inkiaf etdirilmsi n geni imkanlar ar.
Join facebook to connect with elvin haciyev and others you may know. The boss is dead francais saison 5 episode 3 Download squid web proxy Fabrizio summonte paolini video downloader Deportees 3 download german Book of dragons chevy sonic hatchback blue The thundermans season 4 episode 3 free Msu mankato csu map pdf Good movie editing software for windows 10 Mobile funny apps for iphone Hp g7 drivers download Gossip girl full episodes season 2 episode 3 vodlocker Strange but true download full episodes Download gratis lagu braves boy putuskan pacarmu House party download cineblog01 Gavinies violin etudes pdf merge.
No sei se isto amor. The official website for young virtuoso violinist elvin hoxha ganiyev. Useful Links calcul mental cm2 pdf electric motors workshop practice series pdf plischke bergersen solution manual pdf pade approximation example pdf decreto lei clt pdf boost mobile logo pdf vocabulario nivel intermedio ingles pdf pre and post weld heat treatment pdf 50 shades of grey freed free pdf principles of marketing multiple choice questions pdf o desconhecido pdf portia da costa inverse matrix pdf ts sub engineer syllabus pdf cambridge igcse travel and tourism pdf south china sea dispute timeline pdf mackie crvlz manual pdf zio paperone e il grande papero pdf format of trading and profit and loss account pdf mcgraw hill ryerson chemistry 12 textbook pdf microsoft windows 7 certification pdf.
To counter this, Ana de Castro Osrio urged Pessanha to place his poems in a single Abortos que pendeis as frontes cor de cidra, To graves de cismar, nos bocais dos museus, E escutando o correr da gua na clepsidra, Vagamente sorris, resignados e ateus, Cessai de cogitar, o abismo no sondeis.
So i downloaded the file and unzipped it, and i get a folder qanunnvericilik elvui5. Find items in libraries near you Clepsidra um livro de poesia da autoria do escritor Camilo Pessanha, publicado emgraas aos esforos de Ana e Joo de Castro Osrio. This site uses the instagram api but is not endorsed or certified by haciyevv.
Facebook gives people the power to share and makes the. Create lists, bibliographies and reviews: Modern condition and tendencies of development of real.
Join facebook to connect with elvin haciyev and others you may know. Free movie tales of the grim sleeper full Ntrematodos intestinales pdf filesystem Superstar dare to dream film Crown of ptolemy audiobook free Download deadly sins full hd movie Ntaqarrub audio books free download Deathmaker lindsay buroker epub honda cbr blue book The nature of jade pdf download full book free Hollywood special effects qanunveriilik books Npa 2a aggregate plant books Perfectpro youtube free download.
Hyata keiriln sosial tdbirlr srasnda lillrin sosialpe reabilitasiyas, mulluu v cmiyyt inteqrasiyas il bal faliyyt mhm yer tutur. Yol hereketi qaydalari,yol nishanlari ustunluk nisahanlari elvin haciyev uploaded a video 4 years ago.
The historically low growth and high poverty rates have fed social tensions, most evident in the current buddhistmuslim violence. Azerbaycan respublikasinin qanunvericilik toplusu legal acts collection. Clepsidra camilo pessanha pdf Tikinti sahsind tnzimlyici qannunvericilik milli sviyyd cmlmidir. Quem pudesse deslizar sem rudo! Find items in libraries near you Clepsidra e outros poemas.
Respublikada qvvd olan qanunvericilik sistemi bu prinsiplr uyun olub, lilliyi olan insanlarn elvih mdafisi, mulluu v habel onlarn potensial imkanlarnn inkiaf etdirilmsi n geni imkanlar ar. Procuro o teu olhar, Se alguma dor me fere, em busca de um abrigo; E apesar disso, cr!
Please click button to get bound to the elvin king book now. The file contains 10 pages and is free to view, download or print. Asurbeyli, riyad bakltehsil 21 10 0 nuruszade, elikram tehsilrimsf emirquliyev, xalid siy ez n ugim 22 10 0 sultanov, atabala siyezen ugim cavadov, revan xacmaz 23 elvln 0 memmedov, azer bakiugim11 velizade, mehman yevlax 24 10 0 nifteliyev, ferid ilqar tehsilrimsf ismayilov, firuz xacmaz 25 10 0.


Do you see a banana or a pirogue? A setting sun and its reflections or basket balls? You may bring this blanket for your next therapy session; no one likes to be cold on the sofa while evoking their mum.
Slowdown studio invites artists and illustrators around the world to compose vivid and joyful blankets.
Cubism (1904-1911) is a very famous art movement, explored by a such as famous artist, Pablo Picasso. But this painting is from Braque, the forgotten, the number 2... to cut it short, Braque is to Picasso what Robyn is to Batman. If you visit in a modern art museum the cubist section, you'll find paintings from the both artist. I challenge you to sort them out. Send me an email if you do.


text:
Home News & Trends Industry
Bulgari's Cinemagia high jewellery enters a new dimension
Anton Siluanov reelected as Chairman of ALROSA Supervisory Board
IIG hosts seminar on 'Design Journey – From Concept to Completion'
In an interactive seminar, the students at IIG get an exclusive opportunity to learn from Aftab Bandukwala – a design industry expert On 11th May, Mr Aftab Bandukwala, a design industry veteran and the Director...
Walmart fights back against Amazon with one-day shipping in some U.S. markets
Walmart Inc is stepping up its battle with Amazon.com Inc by offering one-day delivery without a shipping fee, weeks after Amazon announced a similar offer - a move that will intensify the race to...
eBay to open UK concept pop-up in Midlands
EBay may be known globally as one of the big names in the online retail world, but the company is going to open a concept store in the UK for a limited period, populated...
The Antwerp World Diamond Centre and Ars Nobilis join forces
The Antwerp World Diamond Centre (AWDC) and Ars Nobilis, Belgium's - only - umbrella organization for the country's jewelry manufacturing and retail sectors, announced they will "join forces." AWDC explained in an email that...
Gold finally sparkles this Akshaya Tritiya, sales up over 25%
Jewellers reported better footfalls on the auspicious day of Akshaya Tritiya Tuesday with many reporting up to 25 percent sales volume over the previous year. Lower retail prices of gold and the marriage season boosted...
TBZ jewellers appoint Sara Ali Khan as its brand ambassador
India's wellknown jewellery brand - TBZ- The Original has signed the actress Sara Ali Khan as the official Brand Ambassador to be the face of the brand for the younger and ever-evolving Indian tastes...
Amazon opens its platform to local retail market in Israel
E-commerce giant Amazon has reached out to Israeli retailers to enable them to sell directly to customers in Israel using its online platform. Amazon sent a letter to a select number of Israeli retailers inviting...
IJL names six emerging designers as 2019 Kickstarters
International Jewellery London has announced the six winning designers named as the 2019 IJL KickStarters. All six will exhibit under the KickStart umbrella at this year's show and will benefit from marketing support from IJL...
GIA Furthers Best Practices with Improved 'Know Your Customer' Program
CARLSBAD, Calif. – April 2019 – To comply with applicable laws, regulations and best practices, GIA is enhancing its 'Know Your Customer' (KYC) program. This program supports the high standards of integrity that align with...
One month left to nominate for Professional Jeweller Awards
There is just one month left for the industry to choose its champions and vote for the third annual Professional Jeweller Awards. Taking place at Lord's Cricket Ground on Monday, September 2 (the second night...
From Cinecittà to Disney, Bulgari's Cinemagia high jewellery collection looks to the wide world of film for inspiration. Cinemagia, Bulgari's high jewellery collection for 2019,...


All of our stores are owner operated, so you can be sure that you are dealing with people who care about developing long-term relationships with our customers. We also invest in only the very best mounting and balancing equipment available. Our stores use Corghi Artiglio Master tire changers and Hunter Road Force GSP9700 balancers. This means we will keep our customers' investment of wheels and tires safe from scratches and marks that inferior equipment causes. We also work strictly by appointment. This allows us to control the time it takes to get your vehicle in and out of our shops. In most cases we will have our customers in and out and on their way in under 30 minutes. We offer comfortable customer wait areas with free WiFi, TV, reading materials, and coffee. We deal with a very large range of suppliers and brands to be able to offer you a much wider variety of models and products than the typical tire chains. This allows us to make proper recommendations based on the specific needs of each customer.
We are a very simple, professional business. We do wheels and tires exclusively. We are specialists in custom fitments and are well known for providing excellent service. We also are well known for problem solving ride quality issues. Using the Hunter Road Force GSP9700 balancing system allows us to correctly identify and solve these issues. We also can handle difficult custom wheels and tire sizes with ease, as well as run-flat and off-road truck tires.
We sell exclusively wheels and tires and the products that support those key items.
All of our stores are located in the city of Calgary, in Alberta, Canada. We do have many customers who come to us from all over the province.
Tire and Wheel Packages: We sell all kinds of wheel and tire packages, including steel wheels and tires for winter, affordable aftermarket custom wheels for your everyday car, off-road wheels and tires for trucks and SUVs, vintage styles for hot rods and muscle cars, and custom-built 3-piece forged wheels for supercars.
Mo-Fri 9:00 a.m. 5:00 p.m.


Each Year group has different English topics throughout the year. Please look at your child's class page for more information.
Below are some useful documents to show the progression in the children's English skills in each year group.


After two recent strong displays in the Lucas Fettes and Kent County Cup Competitions, our 18's played hosts to Folkestone Invicta. From the start, Town were determined to take the game to Folkestone attacking down both flanks through Tom Bines and Sam Hudson, this leading to their opening goal inside 10 minutes with a nice run and slotted finish from Lewis King. The possession for the next 20 minutes went to Folkestone but they failed to find a way through with a strong midfield performance from Kari Creed and Charlie Thompson keeping them at bay. Town's second goal came five minutes before half time with Sam Hudson picking up the ball and striking at goal from 25 yards, lobbing the Keeper and finding the bottom corner. With a minute to go Harry Barrow came to Towns aid making a fine save tipping a Folkestone header around the post.
The second half continued with Town keeping possession with Elliot Bensted and Callum Reynolds marshalling Whitstable's defence both looking very comfortable. Folkestone's only real chance of the half came when the Whitstable Keeper miss-kicked a bobbling ball which nearly ended up in his own net from a back pass. Town created several chances and on 75 minutes Lewis King struck at goal from 20 yards, the ball rebounded off the cross bar to Luke Foster who calmly finished from six yards. Whitstable played the rest of the half out well and deserved their 3-0 victory, ensuring a vital three points.


text:
James Archie Johnson
Return to Elmore Hill McCreight Funeral Home and Crematory
Obituary of James Archie Johnson
James Archie Johnson, 85, died Thursday, May 21, 2020, at his home. Born in Hartsville, SC, he was a son of the late Boyd Leo Johnson and Hattie Freeman Johnson Short. Mr. Johnson was a member of First Baptist Church and a volunteer worker at McLeod Hospital. He was a retired U. S. Air Force Master Sergeant and a veteran of Vietnam. He was also retired from the Broward County Sheriff's Department in Florida. Surviving are a son, James "Robert" Archie Johnson, Jr. (Kathy); a daughter, Cynthia Robyn Guzman (Nick) all of Bennettsville, SC; two sisters, Catherine Williams of Sumter and Jean Kimery of Hampton, VA; a brother, Albert "Abbie" Johnson (Kathy) of Burlington, NC; a sister-in-law, Mary Johnson of Wallace, SC; six grandchildren and six great-grandchildren. He had a host of extended family that he dearly loved. He was preceded in death by two brothers, William "Bobby" Johnson and Kenneth Johnson. Private graveside services will be held at the Florence National Cemetery with Rev. Patrick Dye officiating. Online condolences may be sent to www.sumterfunerals.com Elmore Hill McCreight Funeral Home & Crematory, 221 Broad Street, Sumter, is in charge of the arrangements (803) 775-9386.


Research is paramount when finding the right home loan for your situation. While it's important to access independent financial advice, it is also your responsibility, as a potential homeowner, to understand the market to help ascertain if the advice you are receiving is correct and best suited to your situation.
Reach out to the experts in home lending to find out which home loan is best for you.
What home loan options are available to me?
What are the fees and charges I need to take into account?
What are the loan conditions and are there any penalties or exit fees?
Are there any favourable conditions and charges with limited fees and/or penalties?
Does the loan have a redraw facility, option to make extra repayments at no cost and via direct debit? .
Utilise a budget template to ensure you've factored in the costs of not only buying a home but also your ongoing financial commitments incurred by your lifestyle. Post purchase stress and anxiety is best avoided by sticking to what you can afford and not overextending yourself. And remember, shop around. Speak to many financial institutions or engage the services of a reputable Mortgage Broker to assist.


Scott Jurek's epic trek on the Appalachian Trail is a feat that captured our imagination and showed the world what a human being is capable of. Leo Burnett and Brooks were inspired by this record-breaking ultra run, so much so that we decided to make a limited edition shoe out of it. Scott Jurek ran 2189 miles in 44 days, 8 hours, and 7 minutes, averaging 47 miles per day. How amazing would it be if we could physically have a piece from Scott's 12 shoes blended into the soles of a new pair of Brooks shoes? The Runincarnation Cascadia was born. 2189 different pairs were produced and sold at REI, each with elements of Scott's shoes pulverized into the rubber sole and housed in a heavyweight drawer style shoebox.


ic Kathe With an E: Bloglovin, Pinterest & HomeTalk Hop!
Welcome to Bloglovin and blog hopping Thursday once again! We are so happy to be joining together to bring you the Bloglovin Blog Hop to help grow our blogs. It's always a great idea to have many ways for friends to follow your blog. Each week we rotate one other social media to follow. This week we are adding your Blog and Pinterest along with Bloglovin! As a bonus this week we are leaving the Hometalk link up! Friends can hop on over to visit your blog. A huge thank you to everyone who joined us last week. We hope you made some new friends!
Thank you for hosting and I am now following you via blog lovin and pinterest!
Thanks so much for hosting this awesome linky party!!!! What an awesome idea this one is!!! My name is Jessica Riddle, and my blog is Unique Chic & Rustics: My Upcycled & Repurposed Life!! I would love for you to stop by and visit me sometime!! Thanks so much again!!


This style is limited edition of 100 units worldwide.
We're excited to launch a different version of our Sneaker Daypack now with a Rolltop closure! This pack is also a great day-to-day bag with a dedicated sneaker compartment. This innovative fold down section is ideal for carrying a pair of high tops, cleats, or running shoes. This unique compartment expands on the sides to fit up to a size 13 shoe and has grommets for ventilation.
Keep your contents dry with our rolltop closure in Black Camo Jacquard. This new daypack design has a slim rear laptop section, new top zipper pocket, and sternum straps for carry stability.
Perfect for students, athletes, and gym-goers, this backpack also fits a 15" laptop in a side access section and top organizer section for school/work supplies.


text:
Tola Rotimi Abraham
The following is a story from Tola Rotimi Abraham's debut novel Black Sunday. Abraham is from Lagos, Nigeria and she lives in Iowa City, currently pursuing a graduate degree in journalism. A graduate of the Iowa Writers' Workshop, she has taught writing at the University of Iowa. Her fiction and nonfiction have appeared in Catapult, The Des Moines Register, The Nigerian Literary Magazine, and other places.
How to Be a Stupid Girl in Lagos
Bibike
There were many easy ways to be a stupid girl in Lagos. We were not stupid girls. We were bright with borrowed wisdom. We never paid full fare to drivers of yellow city cabs before we arrived at the final stop. We did not wear any kind of visible jewelry walking around busy streets like Balogun. When we went to Tejuosho market and a stranger shouted, "Hey. Fine girl. Stop, see your money for ground," we never stopped to look.
When many of the ECOMOG soldiers were returning from peacekeeping in Liberia, flush with UN dollars, we were still protected prepubescent girls, yet we knew to avoid the one we called Uncle Timo, the one who gave all the little girls Mills & Boon paperbacks wrapped in old newspapers.
My twin sister and I were almost stupid girls once, and this is how it begins, with Ariyike and me lost on our way home from school. I am holding on to her out of habit; she is pulling away, walking up to and talking to every stranger we meet, asking over and over, "Uncle, please, where can we get a bus to Fadeyi?"
We are walking home from secondary school. Today is the first time we have been allowed to come home by ourselves. Our younger brothers, Andrew and Peter, attend Holy Child Academy, the primary school that shares a fence with the military cemetery where all the agbalumo trees grow. They don't need to be picked up. The church bus drops them off every day at half past four.
I am thinking of school and today's government studies class and gerrymandering, how I like the way that word sounds, well calculated and important, like meandering, only with purpose. Everything is better with purpose.
I am also thinking of Father, who likes to say our government studies teacher is verbose:
"Mr. Agbo fancies himself a university lecturer, he is always going off tangent, completely missing the point."
And of Mother, who likes to say: "We pay a lot of money for you girls to go to that school." Or: "You girls should lis- ten to Mr. Agbo. He is a brilliant man."
We have walked for almost twenty minutes, and now we make our first stop, to buy roast plantains and groundnuts from the woman who is selling them under a 7 Up canopy. She is amused when we ask if she has any cold drinks for sale.
"Can you see any fridge here?" she asks. "Will I keep the drinks in my brassiere?" We are waiting for our plaintains when Ariyike stops a stranger on a motorcycle. He is a tall man wearing combat shorts and a black T-shirt that says GOT MILK? in bold white print. They take a few steps together, her listening, him pointing. When she is done, she comes back under the canopy. I clench my right fist and put it under her chin.
"Here, take this microphone. Announce to all the world that we are two girls who don't know the way home," I say.
The woman selling plantains laughs. She says Ariyike is being stupid, walking up to strange men. She tells us that just last week three girls got kidnapped in Mushin. They were found dismembered in a roadside heap.
Ariyike looks at me like she is about to say something but changes her mind.
"So, what did that motorcycle man say?" I ask.
"He says we should come with him, he'd take us home," she says.
"Really?" I ask.
"No. He said keep walking straight down, the buses are waiting under the pedestrian bridge," she says.
Our plantains are soon ready. The woman gives us extra groundnuts.
"Pray for me o," she says. "I want fine ibeji twins like you two."
Ariyike assures her that we will pray every day. She is the friendly one. The friendlier one. My sister talks to strangers because she likes people, she likes to hear their stories, she likes to make people feel comfortable, welcome. I do not think that I am mean, I just let her be the nice and welcoming one. We work better that way.
I learned when I was a little girl that people always lie. I am not sure everyone means to lie. It is just that they have in their hearts ideas of who they should be, and they are trying to convince themselves that they are who they insist on being. It is tiring. I learn a lot more about people, about who they are and what they care about, by observing in quiet.
There are many buses and hundreds of people waiting at the bus stop. There are many young men hanging at the sides of the buses shouting their destinations—"Maryland," "CMS," "Obalende." There is no bus going to Fadeyi. We stand next to a row of older women with woven baskets and trays in front of them selling all types of things, fruits, vegetables, tiny toys.
I watch a young woman haggle with almost every seller. Finally, she buys smoked fish, okra, tomatoes, habaneros, and red bell peppers. She will go home to her tiny, sufficient apartment with one soot-stained kerosene stove in a corner and make food just enough for herself and eat less than half of it and fall asleep on her bed and be glad to be alone and unbothered.
The first bus going to Fadeyi is a danfo, a 1988 Volkswagen bus. Its wooden, cushionless seats are filled with people before we get a chance to go in. We are part of the small crowd of people who fail to make it in. We murmur one to another, we hope more buses come quickly. Two curly-haired girls come to stand next to the group. They hold out cracked plastic bowls and begin singing in Yoruba.
"Brother, God bless you.
Sister, God bless you.
Give me money and I pray for you.
A setup,
A trap,
May God prevent its occurrence."
The woman who bought her dinner now drops five naira in one bowl, then five naira in the other. I plan to give them money, but they do not come close to us, and no one else gives them money, so they move away, singing to other adults.
There is a group of kids from the public school talking in a corner. The beggar children attempt to avoid them as they go past. One of the kids tugs at the wrapper of the older girl as she walks past him. She does not notice. After walking a couple of steps, her wrapper unravels. It's then I see that she isn't wearing any underwear. She drops her bowl and wraps the cloth back around herself in a quick second. She walks on without looking back. I make Ariyike turn around to look but it is too late for her to see anything. The public school kids laugh and laugh. Stupid children laughing out loud with their torn rubber sandals and dirty shirts and books in black shopping bags and yellowing teeth and rusty fake gold earrings and matted braids. Stupid children.
When we were in primary school at St. Catherine's, there was another set of identical twins. They were short, bowlegged boys who got into fights with everyone. We hated that because they were also Yoruba twins, we had the same traditional names. Ariyike and I therefore became "Girl Taiwo" and "Girl Kehinde." The most annoying people were the ones who called me "Girl Kenny." Kenny is a totally different name, it is not short for Kehinde no matter how hard Yoruba people try. These public school kids make me think of Boy Kehinde and Boy Taiwo. I wonder what they are like now. Still stupid, I bet.
Once we got to secondary school, we insisted on being called by our middle names, and even though Ariyike and Bibike have the exact same meaning and everywhere we go people still ask, "Who is Kehinde, who is Taiwo?" I like our new names.
Ariyike was born first, so she is Taiwo. Our grandmother, Father's mother, says that Kehinde is the elder twin because Orisa ibeji, the god of twin births, is Kehinde. He was the one who sent his younger one to be born first to confirm by loud crying that the world was fit for him.
Father's mother believes all these things with her whole heart. Mother says her stories are tales of demons. She says if we listen to her too closely, we invite evil beings into our destinies and we will end up poor and alone.
I think everything is a story unless you live in it. I like the idea of a god who knows what it's like to be a twin. To have no memory of ever being alone. To be happy you are different from your twin but also to be sad about it. To know almost everything about your twin and sometimes want to stop knowing so much. To know you were born with everything you will ever need for love but to be afraid that this one person is too important. Or that this person will never be enough. To pray to a god like that, all I would ever have to say is Help me.
There are many more people at the bus stop now. We are all standing so close to one another. Ariyike and I have our backpacks turned to the front of us, protecting them like little babies. We have eaten all our plantains and groundnuts. She tells me she is going to look for drinking water to buy, but just as she is about to leave, a molue bus arrives, its rusty croaking like an old man's cough. I call out her name but there are already seven people between us. I push through and get in the bus, hoping I can save her a seat; the bus is already filled up with many standing people, holding on to the metal poles. I find a seat in the back of the bus and shout for my sister as loud as I can. She finds me and sits on my thighs. The public school kids are sitting close to us, three on a single seat. I have no idea how they plan to sit like that for so long.
Across from me is a lady I did not see at the bus stop. I wonder how long she has been on the bus. She looks like she just got out of university, or maybe she still is in university. She is wearing jeans, and only university girls wear jeans outside the house. Her shoulder-length auburn braids with burnt ends are tucked behind her ears, kajal eyeliner spilling under her eyes, cream foundation drying in uneven patches, and she is talking to a beautiful bearded man with sad brown eyes seated next to her. He is wearing brown corduroy pants and a black-and-white checkered shirt. He has a black briefcase and a white lab coat. Their voices are raised loud enough to hear each other over the noise of cars honking through traffic, of bus tires grinding to abrupt stops on cold concrete and the voices of others conversing around them.
"Did I tell you my horse got stolen?" she asks.
"Yeah, it did. I still ride, though, whenever I visit the village."
"I have only ridden that one time." He laughs and shakes his head as though this is something no one else can believe.
"Remember that day my mother came to your house?" she says after a short pause. This time his reply is hesitant, quiet.
"Yeah," he says.
"When she came to drag me away? How she was saying, I have warned you about this boy, you can't be here, you have to leave."
She is laughing as she says it. And it's a laugh I know, one most women I know have. Mother has it, too. Laughter you use when nothing is funny, but you are lighthearted and resilient and eager to show it.
"Have you seen anyone else lately? Anita? Banke? Emmanuel?" she asks with leftover laughter in her mouth.
The conversation on his side is no longer loud or discernible. There is no way to be sure why he now mumbles. Maybe it's been a long day and he is tired and wants to ride the bus in peace. Maybe he has never liked her or maybe she just reminded him of the hurts he has also covered up with laughter, and muscles, and gorgeous facial hair.
"Banke is married, she has like six kids or something," she says.
"Really," he exclaims. "Banke. Married! I definitely did not see that coming."
There is more laughter, more exclaiming, more naming names, more asking what are they up to now.
"So, are you seeing anyone?" she asks, deliberate, flippant.
"No, I am just focusing on leaving this stupid country. Ties just make things difficult," he says.
If she says anything after this, I do not hear it. The bus conductor announces the next stop and several people shuffle and respond. When the doors open, she grabs the black briefcase and lab coat that I had assumed were his, he has a doctor's face. She gets out of the bus, shouting, Excuse me, excuse me, at all the people in her way. One of the public school kids now sits where she was sitting. There is quiet and there is noise.
She will walk to her apartment, where she lives with her older sister and her sister's husband, and wonder if the universe was helped by her vulnerability, if she will get any closer to living in her dreams because she laid bare her desires to a man like that. She will wish for a second encounter with him. One where the best decisions of her years are on display. Like he walks into the hospital where she is a pharmacist or the church where she sings solos on Sundays. Or they meet in the parking lot of a supermarket the weekend after salaries are paid so he can witness all the imported foreign things she can now afford to buy on her own.
I hope she finds someone new.
I wish her love without this shared lament of people who remain in a failing city when others who are not stupid have left. I wish her love that makes her less ashamed, love that is ignorant of the specifics of her failed dreams and unaware of the details of her lost youth. I hope she finds a loving gaze that will not see how her face has fallen and where her arms have swollen or how her family has lost all they took great pride in.
From Black Sunday by Tola Rotimi Abraham. Used with permission of the publisher, Catapult. Copyright 2020 by Tola Rotimi Abraham.
A new prize will award $150,000 to a female novelist every year.
Here's the longlist for the 2020 PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.
Black SundayCatapultExcerptnovelTola Rotimi Abraham
A new prize will award $150,000 to a female novelist every year. Here's some welcome news on this dreary Friday morn: starting in 2022, the Carol Shields Prize for Fiction, a new annual...