Yves here. I have more quibbles with Tverberg's latest post on the future of fossil fuels than I generally do with her work. First, she discussion the correlation between energy use and economic activity, and then is fuzzy regarding causality in not a good way. Second, she provides some very good data on the current levels of renewable energy production, and then argues for a linear projection of present growth rates. You could make much more aggressive assumptions and her conclusion would still hold.
Population increases mean more energy needed.
Population decreases don't mean energy production decreases.
Therefore reducing population means less need for energy production increases and more energy per capita.
Not good enough at math to figure this, but wouldn't a certain level of population freeze or decrease extend the time before oil runs out and allow more time for renewables?
into our high energy consuming society?
Because competition of course! Also it used to be "who has the gold rules", now it's "who controls the price of oil rules". Then we enter the geopolitical arena, where the PTB decide on the one hand to press venezuela with low prices and arbitrage that against cheap cost to consumers/servers/servants in the "developed" world (quants could probably come up with more convincing examples). I am so cynical about where we are now. Among other salient points in the post, I agree with the premise that we'll lose fossil fuels in a very likely abrupt fashion and those in charge are hitting the accelerator.
Importing third-worlders? Wow. Just, wow. Is that how you think it works? You know this is 2019, not 1819, right? Any idea why those people from those other countries might be attempting to migrate here, despite all the risks? Could it be that they are facing unlivable situations in their home countries? Could it be the US policies and US corporations have had a lot to do with the living situations in their countries?
How about this: all of the supposed environmentalists who want to drive to the store, fly to their vacation, buy and use every electronic gadget they can get their hands on, actually take the problem of their own energy consumption seriously, rather than blaming others?
It's not one or the other, it's both. Regardless of culpability, we are effectively "importing high fertility third worlders." But point taken about US corporate and MICC policies. If one were so inclined, one could easily conclude conspiratorial overtones are at work there.
If one were so inclined, one could easily conclude conspiratorial overtones are at work there.
There are interlocking interest that benefits from the importation of cheap, controllable, and disposable workers. Everything from union busting to cheap household help.
The law is routinely broken and the enforcement is a joke unless you count the wretched escapees from the American created economic and political Hellscapes locked up the at the Southern border. The H-B1 holders are doing fine as the last major decently paid group in the 90% are tech workers.
With thanks for addressing this topic of utmost importance, this strikes me as just so much economese.
The final line, "The fact that interest rates cannot drop much further is particularly concerning" – is particularly deflating. So, please accommodate the fossil fuel industry because otherwise the world will be hit by a financial and economic crisis? That's some policy proposal to excite the masses for the future.
"The electrical system is very complex. It seems to be easily disrupted if there is a material decrease in energy consumption per capita because maintenance of the system becomes difficult." Uh.. what does that even mean?
Is this an actionable piece of information meant for an influencer or a decision and policy maker? What kind of serious person could use this equivalent of hand waving?
And using the Soviet Union, Syria, Yemen, and Venezuela to extrapolate global scale patterns for today and the near future….??Why not India, China, Africa, ASEAN? I modestly suggest that more than quibbles are in order with this work.
Hahaha! I like you nickname. And the point that you discuss is important. Utilities seem (and I say seem with an objective) worried about that. About system maintenance while consumptiom reduction follows suit. My opinion is that they are somehow rigth but also that they tend to overrepresent this fear on the basis of their bigger fear: a reduction in their consumption mass and revenues. I would like if an expert on electric grids expands on this. As I understand it big inflexible utilities like carbon or nuclear would collapse when their consumption base is reduced from certain level and that would result in energy shortages. So, with short stepwise reductions we migth have at some point high disruptions. To be sure, regarding your second paragraph it works exactly like that. Utility friendly influencers go and convince policy makers that energy efficiency and renewables are so bad because of maintenance and disruption. I have watched this in few energy forums attended by policy makers. These were very sensitive to this claims.
I believe that the problem is not that important if a central planner is given the power to select when and how big utility centres are decomissioned in an orderly fashion.
Pacific Gas and Electric in CA is a poster child for the effects of under investing in Maintenance.
Gotta support that share price and deregulation!
Please take a minute to find DOE's Wind study. And look at Hydro.org.
And of course look at the LED revolution.
Or the refrigeration compressor revolution.
Energy is important however there are a multitude of choices to be made which take advantage of available non fossil fuel resources.
Sorry but this comment is a handwave. You don't make an argument and you don't present data. This is logically like saying, "A deficit hurts the economy, look at Bloomberg".
If you have an argument to make, make it. But if you make another comment this lame, you will be put in moderation.
So, yeah. Bring on those LEDs, cause that will SOOOOO save us.
And to all NC'ers: please check out Low-Tech Magazine, as they have very solid and interesting articles on this type of subject.
Having worked in IT since the 1980s, heck yeah. All our 'energy-saving' gizmos let us use MORE energy than ever before.
Also kudos to Low-Tech Magazine, though at our current rate of decline, you may want to print out articles you deem useful onto acid-free paper!
For example, the advance of solid state lighting (LED), which is six times more energy efficient than old-fashioned incandescent lighting, has not led to a decrease in energy demand for lighting. Instead, it resulted in six times more light.
I have to think there's a correlation, not causation, factor going on there. When I moved into my current house I took about replacing the old incandescent lights with LEDs as the old ones died, and it made an appreciable effect on my electric bill. However, my response to that was not "Hey, let me slap in a few more fixtures per room, the house will be lit up like a christmas tree but I'll be paying as much as I did before." I would think the mass increasing in lighting would be caused by growth; more buildings, more light fixtures, more lighting.
It seems to me that much of this analysis is confusing cause and effect. Those countries economies shrunk because they were in recession and industry and individuals were using less energy, not the other way around. The rise in oil prices also did not significantly hit Spain and Greeces tourism industries – airlines and other businesses more or less absorbed the costs (aided by hedging). Air prices did not appreciably rise. Tourism dropped because the tourist generating countries were in recession and people cut back on holidays.
It obviously requires 'deep' investment, but countries like Sweden and Switzerland maintain high standards of living while generating perhaps one third of the CO2 per capita of north America. That indicates that with coherent planning, there is significant scope for reducing energy use without impacting on standard of living.
Another issue ignored is the normal plant replacement cycle. Cars are replaced on perhaps an 11 year cycle, bus and train rolling stock on perhaps 2-25 years, large fixed plant such as power stations on around 25 years. If the two power sources are of equivalent capital cost, then there is no 'cost' involved in switching from power source A to power source B if it carried out within the normal capital replacement cycle. The UK, for example, switched pretty much from coal dependency to gas electric power generation capacity in little more than a decade back in the 1980's-90's, driven entirely by cost dynamics. Much the same process occurred in the US in the past few years, also driven by cost dynamics, although the transition was probably slowed by efforts to prop up the coal industry.
How much difference does energy usage differ in the US because it is much larger than countries like Sweden? Sweden is the 3rd largest country in Europe with a population of 10 million people with 2.3 million living of them in the capital metro area.
The US has about 40 of those sized areas. Does this impose a structural cost in energy usage? Is it significant?
Its the opposite – with electricity generation smaller grids tend to have more energy costs (its tougher to match supply and demand). This is a huge problem with island grids – its why, for example, Ireland spends billions on energy storage and long distance interconnections with other grids. There is however a strong linkage with density – densely populated countries for fairly obvious reasons tend to be more energy efficient.
Hm, I think any comparisons will be very dependent on location, at least in the US.
The climate varies far more over the geographical area than in Sweden – this will affect heating and cooling energy requirements.
The next thing is population density – Sweden has basically two quite dense cities, and the bulk of the population in the south, while the rest of the country has very low density – this will affect energy requirements to transport energy.
Finally, the energy mix, at least when it comes to electricity generation is also quite location dependent in the US, compared to Sweden. Sweden is around 50% nuclear, 40% hydro, and 10% other, with a well integrated national power network. The US is heavily reliant on fossil fuels in many regions and has a less integrated net.
The US is in the difficult position of having a geographically dispersed fossil fuel energy consumers, so that distributing energy requires energy in itself. Sweden is in the easier position of having comparatively concentrated consumers using energy that is lower carbon to produce and distribute.
This basic analysis however excludes external carbon emissions (manufacturing in Asia, aviation), where Sweden probably comes off worse, on a per capita basis.
Yes the point that these countries suffering energy use declines did not plan these declines and go about them in an orderly fashion is worth making. Instead the energy use declines appear to more of a symptom than a cause, and that gives me a little hope that with a good plan in place the transition to a lower energy economy can be less devastating. That is assuming that oil production declines do not pull the rug out from under us while we argue it over which looks likely.
the french and UK charts do not make her point either. both of these economies have been growing since 2004. the civil unrest in each is a result of increasing inequality caused by austerity and socialism for the rich. so indeed, energy use in the UK and France is falling mostly due to greater efficiency, and not economic shrinkage.
exactly my thought that causality is the other way round in the examples!
I wolud be very, very, very reluctant to draw so many conclusions from the BP study. It isn't that it is bad or flawed, no. It is just that what the energy outlook represents a picture -a complex one- on how development has been achieved in the wings of the fossil fuel dragon and how difficult is for us to even imagine an alternative. The limits are not set by physics but psychics. We need something like a big virtual slap in the face to realise all of our current wrongdoings.
My example is Spain. Oil consumptiom peak reached 75 million tons in 2007 when we (the spanish as a group) thougth that we should be building apartments and houses for all european -and a few american- retirees, sun-seeking families, and african & southamerican migrants. To the tune of licenses in 2007 to build 900.000 units in 2007 of which many did not even see the first brick. Previously, it was considered normal or vegetative growth to build about 200.000 units annually. To say that we were spending as much as we could afford is an epic oversimplification. We were just wasting enormous fluxes of cash coming from "austere", "well meaning", "wise" — I am out of calificatives– investors living in consumption capped economies. And we are now supposedly trying to pay back those wise guys that thougth it was reasonable such building spree. And here is the point. To illustrate the extreme crazyness reached those years, one municipality in the mediterranean coast passed permits to build what was called " Manhattan in Cullera", a row of about 37 building towers for 20.000 inhabitants… but without enough drinking water. Sadly enough plans are being made now to revive this project. This means, if anything that 12 years later we are still in crazy mode. That is why I say that the limits are not physical but psychical.
Bear in mind that accompanying the building crazyness there were plans to build the necessary energy infrastructure in the form of huge natural gas burning plants. Those plants were buildt and in 2018 they were functioning at 18% of their capacity. There were also plans to divert lots of water from spanish most migthy river, Ebro, to feed the thirsty mediterranean agriculture/touristic complex. It was crazyness with method. Those plans were fortunately cancelled.
To say that "we were consuming the energy we could afford" is to say something utterly incrrect. We were just following a path of crazy unsustainable development fuelled by fossil fuels. We have to change our mind on this. In fact we passed from 75MM tons of annual oil consumptiom to a low of 55MM and then resumed growth to 56MM which is still high by european per capita standards but no as crazy as it was. That is a 25% reduction that was not accompanied by an economy shrinking that much. Nothing physical, just psychical or psychological.
During the late crisis years, Spain has enjoyed an utility-friendly fossil fuel friendly conservative inept government that has been late –and wrongly– passing all the EU directives aimed at renewables and energy efficiency to the extent of annoying their correligionary EU authorities. That explains why Spain didn't follow the path of France or UK with more sustained energy consumption reduction. It is not that we can afford it now, It is that the government stimulated it.
Well that is enough for a rant today.
The only thought this leaves me having after a literal reading is we need to aggressively raise interest rates as soon as possible. Short term financial pain in return for a possibly sustainable environmental future long term.
Dovetails nicely with Michael Hudson's calls for debt jubilee.
I have my suspicions this is not what the author wants us to conclude, however.
The author cherry-picked stunningly bad examples… Greece, Syria? As if the per-capita energy consumption caused their (obviously external) problems rather than resulting from them. It really makes the whole exercise very suspicious. The consistently bad choices, and willful ignorance or downplaying of external factors seems larger than random error would allow.
The commenters seem to have already identified many issues with this post. It is overly long but does not demonstrate any concrete understanding of what an energy transition implies or can do. The main argument misses the fact that technology transition dynamics are exponential in their early stages – it is equivalent to someone arguing in 1900 that since there are only 1000 motorized cars and millions of horse-drawn wagons by 1920 at most we can expect a 10% substitution. This is not how historical transitions work.
Once the substitute technology achieves scale then the rate of the transition becomes exponential. Renewables are currently the cheapest form of electricity generation in the world! This fact has not yet registered widely but I challenge any nuclear or fossil proponent to provide unsubsidized power purchase agreement (PPA) prices of say 1.79c/kWh of PV (the Masdar KSA bid) or 2c/kWh for wind (average US wind project). These prices are literally cheaper than anything and they are not exceptions.
The fact is that it is technically possible to run a world with 100% renewables and it is likely cheaper to do so. Nevertheless, it does require a consistent policy mobilization. The transition period will indeed see a hump of fossil fuel use that will be used to build out the RE plus storage infrastructure in what we called the Sower's way.
With regard to the correlation between economic output (measured by GDP) and energy use, this is well established. Clearly, a 100% RE world will need to stabilize at a given rate of energy output. This can be higher than current energy use but not by much – this is why all our Sower scenarios stabilize by 2100.
The problem that countries like Greece and Spain (I leave out Yemen and Syria as we are not talking about war) faced is that the population and the country's infrastructure was not prepared for the sudden drop of purchasing power due to the crisis. Had they started the transition earlier investing in the low-interest years on alternative energy and energy efficiency the drop in energy use would be the same but the well-being would have been steady (or even increased).
You have a lot of assertions here that you need to firm up. The problem is none of these renewable technologies are as new as you try to suggest. I was looking at solar panel farm deals in the early 1900s. Ditto thin film solar panel tech, advanced battery technologies, and electric cars. Wind turbines are not new. Hydro is even older. So what is your basis for the claim that there are huge savings to be achieved with technologies that are in reality well established?
Further, if you try arguing that the solution is new infrastructure…..building infrastructure has a massive energy cost. The energy cost of building a new home is roughly ten times that of the annual energy cost of running one.
The Tverberg article has problems but at least she makes a go with data. I've actually looked at real deals, with forecasts, including their assumptions of increases in manufacturing production efficiency. Guess what? In every case, those assumptions were wildly optimistic. And here we are, nearly 30 years later…..
Solar panels in the early 1900s!
Yves, thank you for the thoughtful response.
Still, I think you are underestimating the precipitous drop in the cost and performance in all the relevant scalable renewable energy (sRE) technologies like solar and wind. Solar PV alone has dropped its costs by more more than 97% in the last 25 years but critically more than 80% in the last 10 years (sample link).
Comparing deals from 1990s (which I think you meant) and 2019 is like comparing a 1960s jet to a 787 fleet (perhaps not the best comparison but you get the idea).
This is not to imply that a 100% renewable energy transition would be painless or would not have implications in the way we structure our society. Material and spatial constraints are definitely there and this is why we are not letting these models to grow forever. Capitalism at this stage needs to come to terms with its limits to growth. Still, as far as we can tell, there is sufficient material resources to get us there and a lot substitutes available.
Our society has been stockpiling a lot of material that remains available for our future use (e.g. aluminum, copper, steel) (link) which will continue to be the case. Earlier forecasts that somehow lithium production will not meet demand (link) are met today with the reality that despite demand increase exceeding the expectations the price of lithium drops!
This is not to say that everything is rosy and we will all get our panels, batteries and EVs with no effort. A very substantial reogranization and reset of global plans and economic goals is needed to make the transition a reality. The key contribution we are trying to make is that technically this is feasible and the data to support it is there. If after reading the papers you still have questions, I am happy to discuss more. It is the realm of policy and human social behavior that is the crucible of our change.
Minor correction on the links, the Nature Energy papers linked are not Open Access at the link.
There are some regions of the world where the sun is powerful enough to bring prices really down : Arabian peninsula, southwestern US, Northern Australia, Tibet…These regions are poised to provide energy for their close neighbours.
This being said, the transportation of power beyond neighbour territories (I.e. most of the developed world population) is an unsolved problem. Using Synthetic hydrocarbon for that is prohibitively expensive, ditto for HVDC. Your paper only talks about electricity generation, but before saying that "technically it is feasible" one has to evaluate the costs of transmission, storage, and necessary conversion into other forms of Energy.
I am not as pessimistic as Gail Tverberg (the EROI of nuclear and solar seem sufficient to me), but I believe her when she says there will be a long transition period during which final consumption will need to be curtailed severely to free the resources necessary for building all these new energy producing/transmitting/transforming infrastructure. Such reduced consumption will affect society's capacity to service existing debts.
I have some quibbles with this. I suggest that from 1900s to 2000s there were little incentives to improve renewables.
– Improvements have been made in the manufacture of silicon PV panels and those are now much cheaper and more efficient (not much more but closer to theoretical limits of the technology) and with reduced losses by shadowing. That is why solar installations are exploding lately. Also, I believe that concentrating thermal solar panels have improved quite a lot. There is now a growing pipeline of not yet marketable –but probably soon– devices not based on silicon (organic, perovskite, hybrid…). As money is poured on those projects something will come to ligth.
-Regarding batteries the old lead-acid batteries migth have their days counted as a growing number of installers are now prefering Li-ion batteries. Behind the Li-ion technology there is a growing set of alternatives being studied that face the problem of rare earths. These challenges have been treated loosely or theoretically in the past but are now being readily researched in many countries.
That link to the Sower's Way is much appreciated.
Thank you. The paper is written to be accessible.
I just need to note that the methodological meat is all in the supplementary material if anyone is interested to get into the details.
2)	one actual fact that isn't even really explored but is apparent in the charts shown. Left to its own devices per capita energy consumption is a good indicator of overall economic activity.
The conclusion should be that a holistic plan if going to be needed to replace fossil fuels. Energy consumption per capita will likely need to be curtailed in order to support a swift(er) conversion to other energy sources. Part of this holistic plan is a need to prevent energy conservation from being consumed elsewhere. For example, automobiles are radically more efficient now that 40 years ago, but at least for Americans that efficiency has been consumed by moving further away from work and buying bigger automobiles (and for those of you who will argue American cars are much smaller now than 40 years ago, you need to look at the whole fleet. American cars are smaller, but we buy far fewer of them today. We now buy far more trucks which have gotten way bigger and more foreign cars which too have gotten bigger).
Even at 3am on a temperate night, NY state, by itself, needs 14,000+ MW to keep the hospitals, water pumps, 911, Amazon warehouses, UPS, bread ovens going.
That's a lot batteries (or flooded valleys for hydro storage) in a 100% renewable world.
The scale of electricity (never mind transport fuel) to keep civilization going is staggering. Renewables aren't a magic wand—barring global Manhattan Project/Apollo like R&D that started years ago. Just being realistic.
One thing seems clear to me: The longer we delay the transition away from fossil fuels, the higher will be the cost, and the worse will be the result.
I suppose 100% renewable energy by 2050 is based on the premise that aircraft will either be abandoned or drastically improved to fly on battery power… or have I overlooked another alternative?
Biofuels have been tested successfully. Liquid hydrogen is considered feasible by some. Batteries may eventually improve enough for short hauls. Synthetic fuels is one way surplus energy can be stored.
Good post and good comments. Lots to think about.
I would humbly submit that the residents (and there are quite a few) of the Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage in Missouri have reduced their carbon footprint to about 10% of the average American household, while still maintaining a recognizably "middle class" standard of living. Passive design, renewable, distributed energy generation, agreements around sustainable practices, etc. can (and do) go a long way towards creating actual sustainability.
So no, decreasing your energy usage does not equate to reducing your quality of life. As other commenters have pointed out, correlation is not causation.
Great article, great discussion. Naked Capitalism is such a wonderful resource! I am reading Earth, Inc. by Buckminister Fuller. He re-vamped it with Critical Path. I recommend the latter if you read just one. Early 80's time-frame, when global population was one-half the present. Much has changed. Much more has NOT.
Not much discussion in here about grid intertie, globally, or tidal energy.
Not top-down, but at the individual level. Buy a PV array, for your own roof. Do your laundry, dishes, etc during the peak sunshine of the day. Live with the sun. Walk and ride a bike, Stay home.
If we wait for the government to make it happen, we are deluded. Individual actions in concert on a 'right path' will make a difference. And fer criminy's sake, cooperation and sharing!!!
Circling back to Fuller— Leonardo, Elon, Jeff Bezos, Jamie Doiamon and LLoyd Blankfein could never in aeons come up with the marvelous spaceship we ALL miraculously get to ride on and inhabit— hurtling through our galaxy at a million plus miles a hour.
Lets re-tool and say no to hypersonic missles and 'limited, targeted' Nukes, and re-tool for Us All. That is a worthy make-work Green New Deal we should get after, globally.
No they haven't reduced to 10%, they are just not counting properly.
Do the Rabbits use metals, glass, cement, … nails, tools … drink coffee, eat bananas …? I can believe Dancing Rabbits might delay things but their lifestyle doesn't represent a sustainable future. Their 'adjustments' are neither wrenching nor without disruption to their previous way of life, nor without substantial costs for rebuilding their housing, investing in their own 'grid', and living remotely in a special community. How would Dancing Rabbit scale as a model for the rest of the public?
I looked up the Dancing Rabbit website, and I think is is a great idea–a little reminiscent of the "hippies" in the sixties but with an ecological slant.
I agree she fudged causality but a lot of what she says is right on. I don't know why she avoids saying the obvious thing – that the entire structure of civilization needs to change in order to manage disruptions from fossil fuels "leaving us" because the producers can't make a profit. Well, the first such change is obvious to me, we need to nationalize the production and distribution of fossil fuels while we do our best to transition to renewables. That transition needs to do things logically – i.e. don't create a yellow vest revolution. France should have subsidized electric cars and busses long before it slapped a punitive tax on combustion engines. And it should have guaranteed jobs and incomes sufficient to keep the country employed and fed. So when Tverberg argues both sides of a situation she confuses me. Is it depletion and profiteering or is it loss of demand? Because if it is loss of demand then she is begging the whole question. And we are caught between oil company profits and a cleaner, more temperate world. One point that jumps out is when she says "oil became unaffordable in the 70s" and she blamed high interest rates, which was true enough – it became both to expensive to use and too expensive to drill. But that was primarily due to the fact that our cold war economy had messed up the basics royally, captured the entire world in an economic dysfunctionality, a veritable ponzi world, and did all the wrong things. If our economy is dependent on fossil fuels at every level, we need to begin at the bottom, not the top. Manipulating interest rates is a bad joke. I do like the way she admits that conservation is essential. And conservation is an excellent road map. A living organism does the same thing when it is threatened; it shuts down its energy use at the periphery first. If we concentrated on replacing fossil fuels at the edges of civilization and built up best practices from the bottom to the top we could do it without any social disruption.
I agree with your assertion the fossil fuel industry should be nationalized and the transition away from fossil fuels must be carefully planned. The transition is a problem much too complex for a Market 'solution'. As you assert "the entire structure of civilization needs to change" including the structure of our economic system and government.
However, my understanding of Tverberg's argument differs. I believe she is arguing the depletion and profiteering diminishes the capacity of consumers to purchase fossil fuels — and all the goods that use fossil fuels in their production, decreasing aggregate demand for fossil fuels. Focusing on petroleum. the total return from producing petroleum depends on the price and volume of oil sold and the net return depends on the costs for getting the petroleum to market. The costs for producing petroleum increase as the amount of fossil fuels decreases, as do the costs for drilling and purchasing equipment — which includes interest. The Market for petroleum will collapse when the buyers run out of money and credit. Production will collapse when sellers cannot sell enough petroleum — at the price buyers can pay — to earn sufficient profits to cover their costs for producing the petroleum. The Market will collapse either or both ways.
I also disagree with your concluding assertion: "If we concentrated on replacing fossil fuels at the edges of civilization and built up best practices from the bottom to the top we could do it without any social disruption." I believe no matter how we go about replacing fossil fuels it will require major changes in how we live — major changes in our economic system, in our government, … in our civilization. I think that might entail some social disruption. We can make the changes less painful through planning and without planning the best we can hope for is catastrophic collapse.
When I say the "edges" I'm thinking of how we decline down the energy that starts at some level, say agricultural production, and works its way through society, feeding everyone and their pet. It now starts with fossil fuels. To disrupt the energy at the lowest level is guaranteed to disrupt anything above it, so just like the yellow vests in France, we are vulnerable unless we have safety nets. It is creating those alternative sources of energy, those safety nets, that concerns me. That's where we should focus. Finance is totally off my radar. I'm not even thinking about how to finance this change-over. Just how to make it function smoothly. With finance sidelined, and compensated for by subsidy of some sort, I assume we can change the system. In the end that subsidy will save us time and money. Decentralizing the grid is one possibility. Localize energy production. We're so conditioned to think about consolidation we discount local solutions.
Is Gail's piece on the 9th in response to the one on the 8th by Blair Fix et al?
I only say this because Gail's appears to be composed in a hurry and is getting causality wrong in places by ignoring US foreign policy.
I agree with this post's conclusion: "We can't know exactly what is ahead, but it is clear that moving away from fossil fuels will be far more destructive of our current economy than nearly everyone expects," but I'm not so sure about all the assertions along the way. I would argue for this conclusion differently, making use of some of the post's warrants, or slight twists on them. I think it's reasonable to assert that fossil fuel energy consumption, for now, includes a lot of discretionary use which would decrease as the price of fossil fuel energy increases relative to consumer income. At some limit the cost to produce will exceed the amount consumers can afford to pay and the returns to fossil fuel production will drop below the costs of production. The observation that each person added to an economy requires added energy "necessary because each person needs food, transportation, housing, and clothing, all of which are dependent upon energy consumption," seems sufficient to argue that changes in the population or their per capita energy usage can be related to the size of the total economy. I'm not sure what to conclude from the charts in this post.
Arguments for replacing fossil fuels with solar panels, wind turbines, et al. frequently discuss energy as though it were just a lump of 'something' — a lump-of-energy — and one lump can be directly substituted for another. I suppose the malleability of electricity, assuming present technologies, may trick thinking into the lump-of-energy fallacy but the malleability of electricity is not free. Energy comes in many forms — heat, light, electricity to name just a few forms — and each form of energy may be available in different amounts and intensity, or pulsed or variably available. It costs energy to convert energy from one form to another — even electricity — and most applications of energy require energy of a certain intensity relative to the surroundings. Many discussions of power hinge upon the lump-of-energy fallacy, treating energy as though it were some simple commodity which might be stacked in a corner and saved for later uses disregarding the particular characteristics of different forms of energy, the varying energy requirements of different applications, and of course the different capabilities and means for storing energy. Some forms of stored energy — fossil fuels — have special properties with special applications based on those properties. Where energy is located and problems getting it to where it is needed are too often ignored or brushed aside. Arguments for solar or other energy sources based on the price per kW paid to energy producers at the Grid, as provided for in Federal Law, implicitly assume the lump-of-energy fallacy.
I am skeptical and concerned regarding the sustainability solar and wind power as replacements for fossil fuels. An installation of solar panels is supposed to last around twenty-years, and there are some indications the energy they produce may slowly diminish over that twenty-years. How will the replacement panels and associated electrical components be manufactured? LEDs are great, but how will their replacements be made when they burn out? Where will these things be made? Manufacturing materials we take for granted, like steel, concrete, or glass require large amounts of intense heat. Where will that heat come from? How will we make tires and roads? The way global manufacturing industries are structured today, no one location produces all the inputs for manufacturing most items. In the case of the U.S., relatively few manufacturing industries remain located in-country. If only solar power and wind power and other 'replacements' for fossil fuel power generation fed the Grid — assuming away the problems of balancing the intermittent availability of some of the sources — the electric Grid In the U.S. is old, extremely complex, and badly maintained. Energy sources could be located adjacent to where the energy is used and they were before the introduction of alternating current. I believe the Green New deal has given little consideration to repair and improve maintenance of the Grid, or question whether feeding alternating current into the Grid obtained by converting electricity from direct current sources near many direct current devices using that power is always the best solution.
As I was reading, a particular paragraph smacked me in the face. I will copy-paste that paragraph here outside it's context.
This is a major insight which Nobel Prize-winning nuclear chemist Frederick Soddy had decades ago. It is what led him to write his book: Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt: the Solution of the Economic Paradox.
" Money drives the train." Really? No. Fuel drives the train.
Charles Walters and others carried this further to remind us all that humanly-useable raw materials, as prepared for use through the guided application of energy; are also originational to a functioning bio-physiconomy; right up there with the energy-itself to prepare them with.
One hopes these and other books like them are read and kept in mind as one reads articles like this . . . which can serve as a jumping-off point to books such as the ones I just mentioned.
( One notes that Tony Wikrent's economic analysis articles are now being featured every Friday at Ian Welsh. One hopes Tony Wikrent says more here from time to time. One wonders whether Tony Wikrent has heard of Charles Walters, Acres USA, etc. One hopes that he has).
With the right leadership the move to solar and wind can be made far quicker than most people realise. All that is required is the infrastructure that allows solar users to sell their surplus energy into the grid – a few incentives would do wonders. Look at Germany, a country where the sun hardly shines. And Portugal and others. There are also plenty of ways to store energy by pumping water up into natural reservoirs for later use – these have already been identified and wouldn't require movements of people or destruction of habitat. Of course to do this on a global scale would require governments to govern wisely and not to bow to the pressure of fossil fuel suppliers and to relinquish their control over power production and distribution. The cost of solar and wind energy is now the cheapest source of energy. Period. Even well-established producers are turning to solar to avoid being left with stranded assets. Please watch – The Third Industrial Revolution: A Radical New Sharing Economy on YouTube. We needn't go the way Gail suggests out of necessity only out of poor leadership.


Apache 2.2.2 with PHP 5.1.4 to run. Without xcache it works.
it should be there exported from php. can u attach your xcache build directory here?
When it is not there, apache does not start.
Apache dir and 2 in the php-source dir. They are all the same.
System is an actual gentoo 32 bit, gcc 4.1.1 and kernel 2.6.16.19.
Just for clarification: the dl('xcache.so'); was just another test, for sure, xcache.so is included as zend_extension in php.ini.
that's a quick workaround i can think of.
u shouldn't use dl('xcache.so') if xcache.so is loaded as zend_extension.
Aha, xcache as builtin-module works!
Thank you for this trick!!!
also work with the usual installation procedure.
/usr/local/LAMP/php/5.1.4/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20050922/xcache.so doesn't appear to be a valid Zend extension.
remove --enable-versioning ..again DO NOT USE THAT ¡¡ it causes a lot of trouble and AFAIK it will be removed due to the same reason.
for the reasons, please do a search in the PHP bugtracker and the @internals mail list.
thanks for the tips judas_iscariote, let's put it up in wiki.
can u pls remove --enable-versioning for php build? not just xcache build, and see if it works.
pls try to load xcache.so as a normal php extension beside a zend extension.
Having removed --enable-versioning and now xcache also runs as module!!!
Patient : "xcache doesn't work with --enable-versioning"..
as Apache-Module, but xcache worked when you execute ./php an the console.
it has nothing to do with XCache but a bug (or feature request) in php.
what do u mean by "Then this static build conflicted with --enable-versioning"? when the xcache is built into php as a static module, you're free to or not to use --enable-versioning.
feel free to tell me if there's any workarround that i can tune XCache work out this problem. marked as invalid until then.
versioning cannot be used with the xcache module.
now and I am happy now.
here in other posts in this bug-report.
i'm somehow interested in this problem which is why i mark this bug as invalid not "wontfix".


New Year's Eve—You are at a party to ring in the new year, and it is approaching midnight. The countdown begins to sing Auld Lang Syne. Do you know the word? I bet not.
Wordsbybob is here to help you. Below are the lyrics for the song you fake your way through once a year.
First, you should know it comes from Scottish poem that most attribute to Scottish poet and lyricist Robert Burns. It was composed in1788, and is sung to the traditional folk tune Roud 6294.
Here is what you should be singing as you welcome the new year.
Loveland, Colorado is known as the Sweetheart City. Valentine's Day is a big deal here.
For the uninitiated, there has been a valentine's remailing program in Loveland for more than six decades. People from all over the United States and other countries send their valentines to Loveland to be stamped and sent on to the recipients. The Loveland Chamber of Commerce coordinates this program, and others related to Loveland and Valentine's Day.
Other activities in the Sweetheart City include names of a high school young lady to be Miss Loveland Valentine, and represent the city throughout the years.
Starting in late January, large red wooden hearts are placed on light poles on major roads in town. The Rotary Club coordinates this effort and uses it as a fundraiser. For a fee, anyone can have white letters placed on a heart to show their love for a person or organization.
Back to the remailing program, there is more involved. Each year artists submit designs for an official Loveland valentine, while other talented folks pen verses for the inside of the card, and to be stamped on the envelopes of Valentines that go through Loveland. This stamping is called a cachet.
Recently, as I was reviewing some of the designs and words for this year's Valentine's Day festivities, someone asked me what a cachet is.
Here is what I found. There are a few definitions listed including ones that say a cachet is an official seal on a letter or document and a design or inscription on an envelope to commemorate a postal or philatelic event. Similarly, another definition said cachet is a motto or slogan included in a postal cancellation.
There is an alternative definition of cachet too. It can be a general distinguishing mark or feature or a sign or expression of approval. This holds true especially for a person with a great deal of prestige.
My friends also mentioned that they thought a cachet could be something you put in a drawer of clothing to make items smell good. Not so fast.
That is a sachet. (sa-shey) This sachet is usually a small bag, case or pad filled with perfumed power.
For more information on remailing Valentines, go to the Loveland, CO Chamber of Commerce site.


Study College Physics (9th Edition) discussion and chapter questions and find College Physics (9th Edition) study guide questions and answers. College Physics (9th Edition), Author: Hugh D. Young - …... Need to contact Deakin? Get in touch with our different campuses, make specific enquiries and look up emergency contact information.
Hugh D Young at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats This Book have some digital formats such us : paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, and another formats.
Kim Jong-un (officially transcribed Kim Jong Un; Chosŏn'gŭl: 김정은; Korean pronunciation: [kim.dzɔŋ.ɯn]; born 8 January 1983) is a North Korean politician serving as Supreme Leader of North Korea since 2011 and Leader of the Workers' Party of Korea since 2012.


A very young song with an obvious blues influence, though not a conventional blues structure. For some reason it came back to my head recently and refuses to dislodge, so there should be a more confident version here eventually.
Paul Cowley, an excellent blues-influenced player, tells me that he has some gigs in the South West in the near future, including gigs in Brixham (Feb 14th), Dartmouth (March 2nd) and Liskeard (The Albion, 4 Dean St, Liskeard PL14 4AX, on March 3rd). More information on all his upcoming shows here.
I reviewed his 3rd CD here: it's really rather good.
There's a more straightforward country-ish version of this here, but I suddenly felt the urge to change the arrangement. Words and music copyright David Harley, 1976.
This guitar just plays for you, if that's OK?


What is the best pet nail clipper on the market today? According to Epica, it's their plier-style stainless steel, easy-to-use professional clipper. But should we take their word for it? The pet nail clipping industry is full of claims and counterclaims. So finding out how good a product actually is in practice can be difficult. Here we're going to review Epica's nail clipper to see if it lives up to the hype.
Epica points to several advantages of their product. For instance, the product has a stainless steel construction that won't rust and will stay sharp. It also has ergonomic rubber coated handles, designed to fit your fingers for more precise cutting. Epica also points out that their blades have the correct spacing for medium and large dogs, including collies and bulldogs. And finally, there is a safety lock on the blades that keeps them locked shut while not in use.
Customers of the product tend to agree with the notion that the product is ergonomic. One of the biggest advantages is the rubber grip on the handles. Many owners feel nervous before taking clippers to their dog's nails. But the rubber handles help to give them confidence that their grip won't slip. This is especially important for dogs who have thick, tough nails.
The clippers are also incredibly sharp. The clippers can cut through the nail in one simple cut, meaning that owners don't have to worry about going back to the same nail multiple times. When the nail is cut cleanly and efficiently, it eliminates the need for filing, which can be stressful for dogs.
The final major advantage of the plier-style of cutters is that you can actually see what you're doing. This contrasts to guillotine-style clippers where the view of the nail is sometimes obstructed. Epica includes a guide to help pet owners avoid cutting too far into the nail.
It should be said that most people have had a good experience with Epica's clippers. But some have had problems. Perhaps the biggest issue with these clippers is the 30-day return policy. Unless customers clip their dog's nails every day, there's no way to test the quality of the clippers before the return period is up. Some pet owners have found that the clippers break at the hinge after less than ten uses. But they have not been able to return the product because it was outside the return window once used this many times. Thus, Epica needs to address quality issues that seem to be plaguing some of their clippers.
Another problem has to do with the safety guard. Some dog owners have found that the clipper's safety guard can slip during use. When the safety guard moves, the owner is at risk of cutting the cuticle.
There's little doubt that Epica has made a dog clipper that is sharp and will get the job done. But the firm needs to focus on the consistency of construction. Too many owners have had issues with build quality.


In Africa, the effects of slavery and slave trade are still alive and there is no doubt in their historical importance and weight in the relationships between the various components of African societies in general, and in particular, the process of building nation-states. Legacies of Slavery are numerous, diverse, sometimes painful and extremely sensitive. Important efforts have been made in African research, primarily in the study of the Atlantic slave trade, but also to some degree, the Indian Ocean islands shaped by plantation labour. However, while the voices of memory are strong in countries such as Senegal and Benin, they are just emerging in East Africa today. The question of slavery in history, its legacies and presence in African societies are at the heart of this conference which is expected to contribute to its entry into the domain of recent public debates.
Plus d'information sur le site de la conférence / More on the conference's website.


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text:
Valve Portal 2005-2007
Portal is a first-person puzzle platform game in which the player sees from the main character's point of view as she moves through space and time. Gameplay consists of a series of trials that can only be accomplished by moving the central character—a woman named Chell—through flat planes using a device that creates portals (holes) in walls and floors. Chell is instructed to work her way through a seemingly endless string of enclosed spaces by a disembodied mechanical voice called GLaDOS (Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System). The promised reward for finishing these challenges is cake. In the game's virtual environment, the character can move in unexpected ways, her spatial freedom reminiscent of the optical vertigo of a drawing by M. C. Escher. Unusual for the genre, the violence in this first-person shooter game is aimed at walls.
Gallery label from Applied Design, March 2, 2013–January 31, 2014.
Gift of Valve
© 2021 Valve
Valve has 1 work online.
There are 72 software works online.
Applied Design Mar 2, 2013–Jan 20, 2014 2 other works identified

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In this suspenseful novel, bestselling author Christina McKenna questions whether anyone can ever truly be free of the darkness within us all.
Rita-Mae has lived in fear for as long as she can remember. Fear of being alone, fear of her past and, above all, fear of her husband, Harry. Until she spots an advertisement for a vacant cottage in a small town in Northern Ireland. She makes her escape filled with hope, ready to start a new life in a new home, free from the pain of her past. But her place of refuge may not be as safe — or as anonymous — as she thought.
In another small town, Dorrie wakes up unaware of where she is or how she got there. Adrift in a world for which she has no explanation, she needs to find answers quickly — before her shadowy past catches up with her.
Walled in by secrets and with no one to trust, both Rita-Mae and Dorrie are unsure how to move forward. Can each woman face her inner demons and confront a menacing presence from the past once and for all? Or will the past unravel their second chance at life?
The Spinster Wife, although a suspense thriller, is set in the same area as Christina's first three novels, her bestselling Tailorstown Trilogy, and featured towns and villages that will be familiar to the readers of The Misremembered Man, The Disenchanted Widow and The Godforsaken Daughter.


text:
Q: Cannot open database requested by the login. The login failed. Login failed for user I have copied a DB from one my computers and using it here. On trying to open the page which requires the fetching content from DB, on con.open I am getting this exception:

Unable to open the physical file "E:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL
  Server\MSSQL10.SQLEXPRESS\MSSQL\DATA\cakephp.mdf". Operating system error 32: "32(The
  process cannot access the file because
  it is being used by another
  process.)".
      Unable to open the physical file "E:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL
  Server\MSSQL10.SQLEXPRESS\MSSQL\DATA\cakephp_log.LDF".
  Operating system error 32: "32(The
  process cannot access the file because
  it is being used by another
  process.)".
      Cannot open database "cakephp" requested by the login. The login
  failed.
      Login failed for user 'Sarin-PC\Sarin'.

I have attached the database from Management Studio Express 2008 and I have also checcked the connection string. Here it is:
<connectionStrings>
        <add name="cn" connectionString="server=.\sqlexpress;database=cakephp;integrated security=true;uid=sarin;pwd=******"/>
    </connectionStrings>

In Visual Studio, when I test the connection, it says "Test connection succeeded". However, there is one strange thing going on. When I login to the Management Studio, there is no + sign with the newly attached database, as shown.

If the full WebConfig is reqiured to be seen, I have pasted it here: http://pastebin.com/sVAuN0Ug

A: There are users of the database, but, there are also users of the server. One user has to have login rights to SqlServer before it can use the database.
In your case you copied the database and it's users, but those users don't have login permissions on the new server. Solution would be to add a new Login account on SqlServer (go to the Security node of the SqlServer, not the Security node of the database), and add it there. When you add that user, assign it to the database as well, and that should work.
Edit: After reading your issue further, is it possible that there are two sql servers targeting the same mdf file? Because that cannot work. Also, when copying database files, have you detached them before copying? If that's all fine, then try making backup and then restore.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Patents are often opaque and confusing for everyone except patent attorneys. Engineers and scientists are nevertheless encouraged to pursue patents and warned to avoid patent infringement. Policy makers continue to debate about whether the United States' approach to patents fosters innovation. Companies like Google have paid billions for patent portfolios of their competitors. Congress recently passed new patent legislation. Manny Schecter will present an overview of how patents are created, what makes for strong patents, and why they exist in the first place.
Manny W. Schecter is Chief Patent Counsel, Associate General Counsel, and Managing IP Attorney at IBM. In his current position, Mr. Schecter leads IBM's worldwide intellectual property law organization on patent matters and advises on intellectual property strategy and policy. Mr. Schecter has been employed in the IP organization of IBM for over 20 years, including positions in Vermont, Virginia, Arizona, and New York. His current position is at IBM corporate headquarters in Armonk, NY. Mr. Schecter is an active member of several IP related organizations. He currently serves on the board of directors of the Intellectual Property Owners Association (IPO), the IPO Education Foundation, and Allied Security Trust. He is also the vice-chair of the Professional Programs Committee and the immediate past chair of the Electronic and Computer Law Committee of the American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA). Mr. Schecter organized the patent quality initiative which became the Peer-to-Patent project that has been piloted in the US and several other countries and for which he continues to serve on the Steering Committee. He has spoken at numerous IP related events, he has authored several articles on patent quality, and he blogs at ibmip.com. Mr. Schecter is a graduate of Cornell University and the George Washington University Law School.
This event is co-sponsored by CITP and the Keller Center.


Come and get UNCORKED with us!
Bruce Ahnfeldt and Celeste Carducci have opened Uncorked at Oxbow, a state of the art tasting salon located in Napa California.
A historically significant building which was once 3 small historic bungalows attached has now become the new home for Ahnfeldt Wines and Carducci Wines.
Wine, Art, Entertainment and fun sets this tasting salon apart from others. Uncorked at Oxbow has the only licensed, bonded and refrigerated barrel tasting room, offering barrel tastings and blending sessions on premise.
The grand salon welcomes locals and guests from all over the world. Two additional salons offer private VIP tastings , group tastings and blending sessions. Two complimentary wines are offered upon arrival. Flight tastings and barrel tastings are fee based.


text:
Caratteristiche tecniche
È un difensore centrale.

Carriera
Cresciuto nelle giovanili del , ha esordito il 2 aprile 2015 in occasione del match di Copa Argentina vinto 1-0 contro l'.

Statistiche

Presenze e reti nei club
Statistiche aggiornate al 17 aprile 2018.

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A variety of software platforms and apps made their North American debut at the show.
This year's MRO Americas saw a number of new software releases and updates. From brand new apps and functionality to official software releases for the North American market, here are some of the products breaking ground at the show.


text:
package io.tradle.joe.handlers;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.tradle.joe.Joe;
import io.tradle.joe.requests.TransactionRequest;

import org.bitcoinj.core.Coin;
import org.bitcoinj.core.InsufficientMoneyException;
import org.bitcoinj.core.Transaction;
import org.bitcoinj.core.Wallet;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

@Sharable
public class FundsCheck extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TransactionRequest> {

	private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FundsCheck.class);

	public FundsCheck() {
		super(false); // do not release msg object since it's passed through
	}

	@Override
	protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TransactionRequest req) throws Exception {
		Wallet w = Joe.JOE.wallet();
    	Coin fees = Transaction.MIN_NONDUST_OUTPUT
    						   .multiply(req.to().size())
    						   .add(Transaction.REFERENCE_DEFAULT_MIN_TX_FEE);

        Coin balance = w.getBalance();
        System.out.println("Wallet has " + balance.toFriendlyString());
        if (balance.isGreaterThan(fees))
        	ctx.fireChannelRead(req);
        else
        	throw new InsufficientMoneyException(fees.subtract(balance), "Not enough funds to send data, send coins to: " + w.currentReceiveKey().toAddress(w.getParams()));
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


04/24/2019 07:19:21 96615271 1 1 0 3730 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Supervisor - Client Administration Supervisor - Client Administration Full Time ARi | Mount Laurel, NJ NEW ARI, part of the Holman Automotive Group and headquartered in Mt. Laurel, N.J., is a billion-dollar global vehicle fleet leasing and management company tha... NEW Do you match?
04/22/2019 09:07:19 96267410 2 TJNBoost7Days 3 0 3241 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Estate Housekeeper Estate Housekeeper Full Time Private Estate | Moorestown, NJ 3 DAYS AGO Job Description Our housekeeping team is looking for a friendly upbeat Residential Housekeeper to join the team to maintain a home in the Moorestown NJ are... 3 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/21/2019 16:06:21 96089531 3 TJNBoost30Days 3 0 3553 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality $16-$35+/Hour Housekeeper Jobs Hiring: (Positions Open) $16-$35+/Hour Housekeeper Jobs Hiring: (Positions Open) Full Time Housekeeper.FindDreamJobs.com | Wyncote, PA 4 DAYS AGO No Experience Needed. Hiring Now (Apply Here) Local Housekeeper Jobs $16-$35+/Hour 4 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/17/2019 06:09:42 95002639 4 TJNBoost7Days 8 0 3241 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Event Coordinator / Program Manager Event Coordinator / Program Manager Full Time CRA, Inc. | Wayne, PA 8 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionYou probably have not heard of us. This is by design. Based out of Radnor, PA, CRA has been serving as advisors to senior leaders in Fortune... 8 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/15/2019 03:49:30 94589393 5 TJNBoost30Days 10 0 3537 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Strategic Marketing and Special Events Coordinator Strategic Marketing and Special Events Coordinator Work From Home Athena Global Advisors | Philadelphia, PA 10 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionDo you enjoy working with a top-notch team and being part of a growing, passionate, and forward-thinking company? Athena is fast becoming th... 10 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/14/2019 05:59:25 94445284 6 TJNBoost7Days 11 0 3241 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Spa Associate Spa Associate Full Time HS Hamilton Spa LLC | Trenton, NJ 11 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionHand & Stone Massage and Facial Spa is currently hiring a spa associate for its location in Hamilton NJ. We are looking for someone who is e... 11 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/11/2019 16:38:57 93842175 7 TJNBoost30Days 13 0 3553 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality $16-$35+/Hour Housekeeper Jobs Hiring: (Positions Open) $16-$35+/Hour Housekeeper Jobs Hiring: (Positions Open) Full Time Housekeeper.FindDreamJobs.com | Waterford Works, NJ 14 DAYS AGO No Experience Needed. Hiring Now (Apply Here) Local Housekeeper Jobs $16-$35+/Hour 14 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/08/2019 13:27:46 93202767 8 TJNBoost30Days 17 0 3537 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Reservation Specialist Reservation Specialist Full Time The Carney Group | Plymouth Meeting, PA 17 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionWe are growing our team of Hotel Reservation Specialists! Varying Shifts available during the hours of operations - 9:00AM-7:00PM, Monday th... 17 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/08/2019 09:36:34 93183323 9 TJNBoost7Days 17 0 3241 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Junior Producer - Entry Level Junior Producer - Entry Level Full Time Xyvid Inc. | Langhorne, PA 17 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionPosition Title: Junior Producer Department: Production The following description is intended as a general statement of the nature and level ... 17 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/01/2019 06:25:33 91307626 10 TJNBoost30Days 24 0 3537 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Guest Experience Manager Guest Experience Manager Full Time CAVA - Pennsylvania | Philadelphia, PA 24 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionCAVA is a fast-growing culinary brand with over 70 fast-casual restaurants and a packaged goods line dedicated to fresh, Mediterranean-inspi... 24 DAYS AGO Do you match?
03/30/2019 05:50:36 90855845 11 TJNBoost30Days 26 0 3537 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Travel & Tourism Corporate Travel Consultant (Philadelphia, PA) Corporate Travel Consultant (Philadelphia, PA) Full Time Fiore & Associates, Global Recruitment Staffing Solutions Firm | Philadelphia, PA 26 DAYS AGO Job DescriptionWe are currently seeking Corporate Travel Agents on-site in Philadelphia, PA. We are looking for candidates who are professional and positiv... 26 DAYS AGO Do you match?
04/25/2019 05:36:44 96837744 12 0 0 3241 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeping Room Attendant Housekeeping Room Attendant Full Time Pinnacle Hospitality Management Gro | Wilmington, DE NEW Job DescriptionA Room Attendant will clean guest rooms as assigned. Key responsibilities include but are not limited to:Greet all guests courteously and wi... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 06:54:58 96853141 13 0 0 3537 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Senior Account Executive Senior Account Executive Part Time Vivo Agency | Horsham, PA NEW Job DescriptionSeeking a Senior Account Executive who is ready to change healthcare.Imagine smart, bold healthcare marketing, without all the side effects.... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:49:38 96884703 14 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeping Wanted - Job Opportunity: Narberth House Keeper, Seeking Housekeeper Housekeeping Wanted - Job Opportunity: Narberth House Keeper, Seeking Housekeeper Full Time HouseKeeper | Narberth, PA NEW Nice to meet you! My name is Laya. My family is looking for weekly good house care services. I hope we have the chance to chat soon! NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:48:03 96884059 15 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeper Wanted - Trustworthy House Cleaning Provider Needed Immediately Housekeeper Wanted - Trustworthy House Cleaning Provider Needed Immediately Full Time HouseKeeper | Burlington, NJ NEW Description: I hope you are having a good day. I am seeking a housecleaner available in Burlington, New Jersey. My goal is to chat with a skilled person wi... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:44:06 96882922 16 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeping Wanted - Caring Housecleaner Wanted In Collingdale, Seeking Housekeeper Housekeeping Wanted - Caring Housecleaner Wanted In Collingdale, Seeking Housekeeper Full Time HouseKeeper | Darby, PA NEW What We're Looking For: Hello my name is Jessica. I'm hoping to hire housekeeping working in Collingdale, Pennsylvania. I aim to connect with a hard workin... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:43:20 96882700 17 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeping Wanted - Opportunity: A Skillful House Cleaning Provider In Chester, Seeking Housekeeper Housekeeping Wanted - Opportunity: A Skillful House Cleaning Provider In Chester, Seeking Housekeeper Full Time HouseKeeper | Chester, PA NEW Posting: I hope you are having a good day. I'm hiring a housekeeping worker living in Chester, Pennsylvania. I'm hoping to connect with a caring person who... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:43:18 96882695 18 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeper Wanted - Looking For A Caring Home Cleaner In Burlington Housekeeper Wanted - Looking For A Caring Home Cleaner In Burlington Full Time HouseKeeper | Burlington, NJ NEW About The Job: I hope you are having a good day. I'm hoping to hire a maid working in Burlington/Hamilton area. I plan to connect with a professional perso... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:41:16 96882036 19 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeper Wanted - Experienced Housekeeper Needed Housekeeper Wanted - Experienced Housekeeper Needed Part Time HouseKeeper | Philadelphia, PA NEW Job Posting: Nice to meet you! My name is Kevin. I am hiring housekeeping available in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. I plan to chat with a careful individual... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:39:55 96881587 20 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeping Wanted - Well Trained House Cleaning Provider Needed In Mullica Hill, Seeking Housekeeper Housekeeping Wanted - Well Trained House Cleaning Provider Needed In Mullica Hill, Seeking Housekeeper Full Time HouseKeeper | Mullica Hill, NJ NEW Hey my name is Elizabeth. I am looking for professional house cleaning services in Mullica Hill. I look forward to speaking with you! NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:38:42 96881259 21 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality URGENT: Housekeeper Wanted - Well Trained Home Cleaning Provider Wanted In Hamilton URGENT: Housekeeper Wanted - Well Trained Home Cleaning Provider Wanted In Hamilton Full Time HouseKeeper | Trenton, NJ NEW Job Posting: Hey my name is shashi. I am seeking a home cleaning provider working in Hamilton, New Jersey. I'm hoping to find a passionate, accountable per... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:38:40 96881250 22 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality URGENT: Housekeeper Wanted - Opportunity: A Well Trained Maid In Clayton, New Jersey And Surrounding Areas URGENT: Housekeeper Wanted - Opportunity: A Well Trained Maid In Clayton, New Jersey And Surrounding Areas Full Time HouseKeeper | Clayton, NJ NEW Job Posting: Hello my name is Debi. I am hiring a home cleaners living in Clayton, New Jersey and surrounding areas for my business. I'm aiming to hire a f... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:38:34 96881219 23 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeper Wanted - Employing A Reliable Home Cleaning Provider In Mount Laurel, New Jersey Housekeeper Wanted - Employing A Reliable Home Cleaning Provider In Mount Laurel, New Jersey Full Time HouseKeeper | Mount Laurel, NJ NEW Posting: Hey my name is Judy. I am seeking a housemaid living in Mount Laurel, New Jersey. I hope to find a skilled candidate who has semi-regular availabi... NEW Do you match?
04/25/2019 09:37:53 96880968 24 0 0 3704 1 1 Hospitality & Tourism Hospitality Housekeeper Wanted - Mantua, New Jersey House Cleaner Posting Housekeeper Wanted - Mantua, New Jersey House Cleaner Posting Full Time HouseKeeper | Mantua, NJ NEW Nice to meet you! My name is Antonette. We are interested in finding house cleaning services and general room cleaning in Mantua at a fair price. Hope to t... NEW Do you match?
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Home » World News » BlackBerry pulls life support for once-indispensable business smartphone
BlackBerry pulls life support for once-indispensable business smartphone
(Reuters) – BlackBerry Ltd is pulling the plug on service for its once ubiquitous business smartphones, which were toted by executives, politicians and legions of fans in the early 2000s.
The move marks the end of an era as the phones, which sported a tiny QWERTY physical keyboard, pioneered push email and the BBM instant messaging service.
Former U.S. President Barack Obama, one of its most celebrated users, made headlines in 2016 when he was asked to give up his BlackBerry and replace it with an unnamed smartphone.
Blackberry lost favor with users with the advent of Apple's touchscreen iPhones and rival Android devices. In recent years, the company pivoted to making cybersecurity software and embedded operating systems for cars.
Social media was alight with tributes. One Twitter user reminisced it was a "fabulous machine" and hoped the company's phones would be resurrected.
In a document published in 2020, the company said it would take steps to decommission legacy services for BlackBerry 10 and BlackBerry OS operating systems and added devices running on them would no longer be supported and may not be able to receive or send data, make phone calls or send messages reliably.
A U.S. judge on Monday rejected the company's bid to dismiss a lawsuit claiming it defrauded shareholders by inflating the success and profitability of smartphones using BlackBerry 10 OS, and said the class-action case could go to trial this fall.
(Reporting by Akash Sriram and Subrat Patnaik in Bengaluru; Editing by Krishna Chandra Eluri and Saumyadeb Chakrabarty)
Nirvana 'Nevermind' baby album cover lawsuit dismissed by judge
Police find bodies of young woman and one-year-old child


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Q: Code:ServiceError, Error : connect ECONNREFUSED 127.0.0.1 Recently i have updated my Bot emulator from v4.0 alpha to v4, after that its always giving ECONNREFUSED error.

A: That error only appears if Emulator is unable to connect to your bot. Here's what you can do to troubleshoot:

*

*Verify that your bot is running

*Verify that your bot is using the correct port. Your image shows that Emulator is listening on :62738, but the .bot file normally defaults the development endpoint to http://localhost:3978
It kind of looks like you created a .bot file that contains endpoints for your own bot plus a few samples. Although this could probably work, it's probably best to keep one .bot file per bot.


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University Policies and Standards
University Policies & Standards Manual
01 Academics & Faculty Affairs
02 Student Life
03 Business & Finance
04 Governance & Administration
06 Research
07 Risk Management, Safety, & Facilities
08 Information Technology
Policy Process
Types of Policies
Policy Advisory Group
Executive Policy & Standards Committee
Transition from Oregon University System
Effective July 1, 2014, Oregon State University (OSU) became a separate legal entity from the Oregon University System. With its own Board of Trustees, OSU is no longer governed by the State Board of Higher Education (SBHE). As a result of the legislation effecting this governance transition, OSU has different authorities than it previously had, and rather than promulgating Oregon Administrative Rules (OARs), it will provide university policies or university standards. Policies govern the OSU community of faculty, staff, and students, while standards govern all individuals and have the force of law.
Former OARs in Chapter 576, previously promulgated by OSU, were repealed on June 30, 2014, and were readopted as university policies or university standards in substantially identical form on July 1, 2014. For convenience during this transition period, university policies and university standards that were previously OARs will maintain their previous OAR numbers, without the "OAR" designator.
Chapter 580 of the OARs, previously promulgated by the SBHE, are now incorporated into OSU Policies and Standards, retaining their previous OAR numbers without the "OAR" designator. SBHE policies and Internal Management Directives (IMDs) are now OSU Policies.
To interpret the Chapter 580 Standards and Policies and former SBHE policies/IMDs during this transition period, note that "Board" or "State Board of Higher Education" now refers to OSU's Board of Trustees; "Chancellor" means "President;" "Institution" means OSU; and so on.
This website collects all of the applicable OSU Policies and Standards that were previously SBHE Chapter 580 OARs, SBHE Policies, SBHE IMDs, or OSU Chapter 576 OARs, as well as new University-wide Policies or Standards promulgated after July 1, 2014. While other OSU policies will ultimately be migrated to this OSU Policies and Standards website, other OSU policies are not yet collected here.
For additional information about the OSU Policies and Standards during this transition period, please contact the Office of University Compliance at 541-737-1060.
‹ Contact Us up Staff ›
About University Policy and Standards
Strategic Plan for University Policy and Standards
University Policy and Standards Program


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Drama short film directed by Desha Dauchan
Starring Tina Huang, Karla Mosley
Due to copyright reasons, the full film has been removed.
The trailer is featured in its place.
Xin ("heart" in Mandarin) is the story of a woman haunted by the ghost of her mother after being her caregiver. With the help of her therapist, she tries to gain clarity on the nature of the hauntings. Are they urging her to perform the ultimate act of violence against her own father? Xin is a psychological drama/horror about surrender, grief and healing.
CineAsian Films (CAF): What inspired you to want to explore such a deeply emotional story?
Desha Dauchan (Director): When I read Tina's beautiful script, I knew I had to say yes to direct this film. Xin beckoned me. Elaine is forever changed by her mother's painful deterioration observed up close, as her caretaker in the face of her father's abandonment. It's so honest, and we deep dive to explore the impact of grief. I was grateful for the challenge to join the storytelling team of this deeply soulful and universal piece.
Tina Huang (Writer/Producer/Actor): My mother had recently passed away. I'd been caring for her for 4 years and I was really struggling with the grief. One morning, feeling at a loss, I was compelled to get my experience outside of my body. So I sat down in front of my computer and started writing it down. At first, it was an exercise to gain understanding of my grief which didn't seem to follow the "stages of grief" that I'd been previously exposed to. But now, looking back, I see it was my first step to healing.
CAF: Xin deals with very sensitive topics. What were some of the more difficult challenges in making the film from an emotional and creative level?
Huang: The big challenges were wrestling with self-doubt, being so close to the story, the fear of hurting my family members and my grief itself. You think, this is selfish or exploitative somehow. "Who will want to watch this? Who might I hurt making this?" and then, someone I'm close to reminded me that, "That's what artists do, write what you know. Someone will connect. It may help someone feel less alone." Writing Xin was scary, painful and yet, fulfilling and eventually healing. I am deeply grateful that I was surrounded by incredibly supportive collaborators like our director, my producing partner who also plays Cheryl, Karla Mosley, and DP Chris Low who encouraged me to push through. Because I had so much trust in their connection to the piece and because we created the space to have so many vulnerable conversations prior to the shoot, I knew I could rely on their distance from the story and their perspectives to guide me and the film. The whole production team and all the actors were truly fantastic in making this story of loss and grief come to life. Who knew that sharing with strangers and hearing their experiences at screenings was actually a key part in my own personal healing?
CAF: What do you hope people can take away from this beautiful story?
Huang: I hope people can relate to it. Be moved by it. I hope they feel seen. I hope they feel less alone. Grief is long and it's messy but you will be okay. And if you need it, seek the help of a mental health professional. There's no shame in that.
Dauchan: My hope is that audiences will recognize themselves in Elaine, freeing themselves to process grief with all the time they need.
CAF: Can we expect more powerful and emotional stories from you in the near future?
Huang: 1:1 Productions which Karla Mosley and I co-founded, champions women of color in front of and behind the camera. We have several projects out there and in the works. Some funny, some heartbreaking, some both. And personally, I am writing some other pieces ranging in genre and topic.
The interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.
Xin is one of the many great projects shared with CineAsian Films through our submissions process. If you'd like to join them, submit your film.
Director: Desha Dauchan
Writer: Tina Huang
Producers: Karla Mosley, Tina Huang, Felecia Hunter
Cinematographer: Chris Low
Editor: Romina Rey
Composers: Lizzy Loeb, Christina Loeb, Michael Garner
Also featuring: CiCi Lau, Jim Lau
IG: @XintheMovie | @1to1productions | website | @desharae123 | @TinaHuang381 | @KarlaMose | @Chiinyc
Twitter: @xinmovie | @1to1productions | @TinaHuang | @KarlaMosley


This condo is available year round. Please call Nichole at *hidden phone number* for special pricing and weekend rentals. Storage unit provides 2 adult bikes and 2 child bikes. 2 beach chairs. The clearance for garage is 6 4"


For other uses, see Creed (disambiguation).
A creed is a statement or confession of belief — usually religious belief — or faith. The word comes from the Latin credo for I believe. It is called symbol (Greek, συμβολον), that means a "token" by which persons of like beliefs might recognize each other.
2 Jewish Creed: the "Shmah"
The Nicene Creed is clearly derived from the Apostles' Creed, and represents an elaboration of its basic themes. The most important additions to this creed are much more elaborate statements concerning Christology and the Trinity. Christians today probably use the Nicene Creed most widely, followed by the Apostles' Creed.
The Jewish faith recognizes a single creed called the Shmah or Shema Yisrael, a statement of faith in strict unitarian monotheism, the belief in one God. This creed is embodied in a single prayer recited twice a day: "Hear O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is One", also translated as "Hear O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is unique [or alone]."
This is pronounced phonetically in Hebrew: Shema Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad.
The most basic attempt to put the religion of Islam in a brief statement of doctrine is the shahada, the proclamation that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is His prophet.
More detailed credal declarations of Islamic dogma constitute aqidah.
Belief in God (Allah), the one and only one worthy of all worship (tawhid).
Belief in all the Prophets (nabi) and Messengers (rusul) sent by God.
Belief in the Books (kutub) sent by God (including the Qur'an).
Belief in the Angels (mala'ika).
Belief in the Day of Judgement (qiyama) and in the Resurrection (life after death).
Also from the Aqidah of the Salaf is the belief that the faith (i.e. Eemaan) consists of (both) speech and action and that it increases and decreases. This differs from the Murji'ah a sect who uphold the belief of "Irjaa'"-to hold that sins major and minor, do not affect the faith and that faith neither increases nor decreases.
And they uphold the belief that the Quran is the Speech of Allah, His Revelation and Light. It is not created, since the Quran is from Allah and that which is from Allah is not created. One of the attributes of Allah is his Speech. Since His attributes have been with Him eternally, His Speech cannot be created and therefore, the Quran is not created. According to the Salaf, debating about it is disbelief. It is not denied except by a Jahmee. A Jahmee is one who denies Allah's attributes.
Creeds and Confessions of Faith in the Christian Tradition. Edited by Jaroslav Pelikan and Valerie Hotchkiss. Published by Yale University Press in 2003.
The Creeds of Christendom - A website linking to many formal Christian declarations of faith.
This page was last changed on 6 November 2018, at 18:19.


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Call today for a FREE consultation 800-662-1234
n a v
$1.975 Million Jury Verdict For 71-year-old Crash Victim
Trucking Accident Lawyer
A 71-year-old Burlington woman was severely injured when her minivan was struck by a Federal Express truck which crossed the center line. On May 21, 2008, our client was driving a 1996 minivan with her 88-year-old mother-in-law as a passenger.
The Federal Express truck turned directly into the minivan's path leading to a head-on collision in which our client's mother-in-law was killed. Our client who was 69 years of age at the time of the collision suffered a broken left femur and knee and a crushed right ankle and foot. The case was tried, and after two hours of deliberation, the jury returned a verdict of $1.975 million. This verdict was far in excess of the amount offered by Federal Express, whose attorneys argued that no Alamance County jury would return a million dollar verdict.
(Cases or matters referenced do not represent the law firm's entire record. Each case is unique and must be evaluated on its owns merits. The outcome of a particular case cannot be predicated upon a lawyer's or a law firm's past results. Unless otherwise specified, each of the following matters was contested on liability and/or damages, the opposing parties were represented, the matters involved complex legal and/or factual issues, and the law firm was successful in collecting the amounts stated. Case summaries are from 2000 through the present.)
How Can Martin & Jones
Help You? Why Choose
Martin & Jones? What Can I Expect When I Hire Martin & Jones?
Send us an email or call 800-662-1234 to speak with us about your claim and to arrange a free consultation. It costs nothing to call and there is no obligation. In fact, we are not paid until your case is resolved. Se habla español. If you are unable to travel to one of our offices in Raleigh, Durham or Wilmington, we will meet with you at your location.
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6 raffle winners leave Motor Bella with classic Corvettes, all for helping heroes
Minnah Arshad
Six classic Corvettes found new homes with lucky winners from across the nation at Motor Bella Friday in a raffle contest for a cause.
The Corvettes were first given away in a VH1 sweepstakes, and pop artist Peter Max purchased the collection of 36 vehicles in 1989. Years later, they were found forlorn in parking garages across New York City.
New York shop owner Chris Mazzilli of Dream Car Restorations, along with the Spindler and Heller families, who owned the garages, came together to form the Corvette Heroes.
From paint jobs to rebuilding engines, Mazzilli fostered the classic cars back to their former glory.
The Corvette Heroes decided to give away the cars to raffle contest winners and donate all the funds to Stand for The Troops, a nonprofit for American veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury.
"Today is the best part of what we do," Mazzilli said.
More:Motor Bella auto show roars into action despite rainy skies
Motor Bella: 6 places to dine in Pontiac's 'The Circuit' social district
Mazzilli has loved cars for as long as he can remember, recalling rides with his dad.
"I would get in the car with my dad — he had a '64 Impala." Mazzilli said. "I could name every car on the road."
Tommy Cain of Austin, Texas, who won the 1989 classic car, said he'd bought thousands of tickets when he heard the cause.
"If I don't win, I did win anyhow, and getting the Corvette was secondary; getting money to the troops is primary," Cain, 63, said.
Cain's love for cars began when he was a child in his dad's 1957 Thunderbird. He recalled his dad's growing collection; now, he is carrying on the tradition.
David Trautenberg of New Orleans won the '73 Corvette Friday.
"I'm still pinching myself," Trautenberg, 63, said.
The six winners had been told over Zoom that they'd won the raffle but would find out which of the six Corvettes they'd won when it was presented at a ceremony in Detroit's Motor Bella.
Trautenberg said he's happy to spend a couple of days in Detroit, as he is also a friend and former classmate of Mary Barra, CEO of General Motors.
"It's a great, American city," he said. "Detroit's got grit and resiliency."
The rest of the 'Vettes for Vets winners were:
Joseph Keller of Stoughton, Wisconsin, won the sought-after '55 Corvette.
The 1962 classic went to Peter Lawrence of Studio City, California.
Jean Lambourn of Grapevine, Texas, got the '73 Corvette.
Steve Mortenson of Parkland, Florida, won the 1982 classic.
This was the fourth of five giveaways, as the first 22 Corvettes had been given away in ceremonies across New York City and Chicago. Now, eight of the 36 remain.
The first 10 were given away in a Veterans Day 2020 ceremony in New York City. The second six were awarded during a pre-Memorial Day ceremony, also in New York City and another six were awarded at the Chicago Auto Show this July.
To buy raffle tickets or learn more about the Corvettes, go to TheLostCorvettes.com.
Contact Minnah Arshad: MArshad@freepress.com and follow her on Twitter @minnaharshad.
Support local journalism here.


The National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa's (Numsa's) 220 000 members in the metals and engineering sector intend to strike from July 1. But government says it will provide support to the industry to ensure the industrial action does not go ahead.
Cosatu's largest union, which has about 330 000 members, will strike in the sector from Tuesday, according to deputy general secretary Karl Cloete.
"The national executive committee has agreed to the decision from our members to embark on an indefinite strike action beginning on July 1," he said on Thursday.
The union's demands include a 12% wage increase, lowered from an initial demand for 15%, in a one-year bargaining agreement. In a press release put out by the Steel and Engineering Industries Federation of Southern Africa (Seifsa) on Wednesday, its chief executive Kaizer Nyatsumba said the organisation "deeply regrets the fact that all its concerted efforts to avoid a strike in the ailing sector have come to naught".
Negotiations in the metals and engineering sector started three months ago and concluded on Wednesday without a settlement. However, Communications Minister Faith Muthambi said on Thursday that the metals and engineering sector will receive government support.
Seifsa said the employers tabled a "reasonable" three-year wage settlement offer last week in an effort to bring a successful conclusion to the negotiations. "The offer included a 7% all-inclusive, cost-of-employment increase in 2014 and a CPI + 0% increase in 2015 and 2016 respectively for Rate A and an 8% all-inclusive, cost-of-employment increase in 2014 and a CPI + 1% increase in 2015 and 2016 respectively for Rate H," the organisation said.
Rate A pertains to the highest paid employees while Rate H pertains to the lowest paid. Nyatsumba said the South African economy had been seriously under performing in recent years and it cannot afford a strike in the metals and engineering sector.
"I plead that we work together to preserve jobs and to grow the metals and engineering sector in South Africa." A five-month long platinum-sector strike concluded with a wage deal on Tuesday and the lost production sent South Africa's economic growth for the first quarter of 2014 into negative territory.


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Experience the unexpected: it's an art invasion!
At Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, we reinvent the retail experience. We create inspiring destinations, where the unexpected happens. This year again art pervades our shopping centres, reaching into our communities and transforming their environment.
Walking around the streets and squares of Polygone Riviera this summer, our visitors enjoyed a unique reality-enhancing experience. From 19 June to 14 October, the centre exhibited an exceptional set of twelve sculptures by leading French contemporary artist Lilian Bourgeat, including two new works made especially for the occasion. After the gravity – and logic – defying works of Philippe Ramette in 2017, the Polygone Riviera art programme once again explored the realm of imagination with this series of "augmented" objects, like doors opening into the world of the extraordinary.
In the heart of Paris, Ateliers Gaîté too has become home to monumental art pieces. Urged by the Group, world-class contemporary artists such as SatOne, Velvet&Zoer and most recently Brusk, have taken over the site, turning the ongoing project into a vibrant hotspot of urban art.
In Bratislava, Aupark is hosting the McQueen pop up gallery, turning one of the centre's iconic shopfronts into a unique fashion theatre. The unveiling of the pop up gallery opened with an exceptional ballet performance by Slovak National Theater soloists prepared specially for the event. This extraordinary project brings haute couture fashion closer to our visitors, who can experience the exhibition until 28 October.
This fall, the travelling exhibition "Dior: The Art of Color" will take over the Designer Gallery in Galeria Mokotów. Previously presented in New York, Shanghai and Tokyo, it features images of the work of Serge Lutens, Tyen and Peter Philips, the Creative and Image Director of the House's Makeup. Displayed in six different spots in the Designer Gallery, the photos create a spectacular installation, inviting the visitors into the aesthetical world of Dior.
In New Jersey, Garden State Plaza's fresh new look includes a permanent contemporary art collection showcasing work by cutting-edge New York and global artists including Hugo McCloud, Timothy Paul Myers, Los Carpinteros, Mariko Mori and Jose Dávila. The art collection, curated by Isolde Brielmaier, the Group's Executive Director of Art and Culture in the US, will be complemented by a programme of cultural events, tours, and artist talks – enlivening the community's artistic life.
Westfield UTC has also confirmed a multi-year partnership with the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD) that will, over three years, bring nine world-class installations created by internationally acclaimed artists to the destination.
More events to come, stay tuned for what's next!
Polygone Riviera
Lilian Bourgeat Banc Public, 2009
Ateliers Gaité
Brusk Fresque, 2018
Aupark
McQueen Pop-up Gallery, 2018
Galeria Mokotów
Dior - The Art of Color, 2018
Mariko Mori Cyclic II, 2014
Westfield UTC
Judith Shea Eden, 1987
Sandro Chia The Twin's Father, 1986
Our Photovoltaic Projects in Europe
Our Community Vaccination Campaigns