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Act of Kidness (5)
Share Your Soles
13.Mar.2016
It was 1999 when Mona Prudy went to Guatemala to run a marathon. She was working as hairstylist, getting over a divorce, and raising three children under the age of five on her own.
Patient receives liver transplant after social media campaign
A Canadian woman is thought to have become the fi rst patient to receive a new vital organ from an unrelated, altruistic donor who answered an appeal launched via social media.
One Simple Wish
CNN Hero: Danielle Gletow, 16 year olds usually dream of smartphones, Xbox, expensive shoes... some even dream of getting their own car! Ronald Hennig just wanted a suit so that he could attend a relative's funeral.
Kakenya's Story
12.Nov.2013
Engaged at age 5, she was to be circumcised by the time she was a teenager, an event that would mark the end of her education and the beginning of her preparations for marriage. But Kakenya had a different plan. First, she negotiated with her father: she would be circumcised only if she could also finish high school. He agreed. Then she negotiated with the village elders to do what no girl had ever done: leave her Maasai village of Enoosaen in south Kenya to go to college in the United States. She promised that she would use her education to benefit Enoosaen. The entire village collected money to pay for her journey.
Kakenya received a scholarship to Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Virginia. The girl who grew up without electricity wrote papers on international relations and political science on the computers in the university library. She went on to the University of Pittsburgh, where she received her Doctorate in Education in 2011. While completing her studies in the U.S., she married and had two children.
As an undergraduate, she became the first youth advisor to the United Nations Population Fund. In that capacity, she traveled around the world as a passionate advocate for girls' education, which she sees as a crucial tool for fighting the practices of female genital mutilation and child marriage.
Kakenya is now fulfilling her promise to her community. As the founder and president of Kakenya Center for Excellence, a girls' primary boarding school in Enoosaen, Kenya, Kakenya believes that education will empower and motivate young girls to become agents of change in their community and country. The Center opened its doors in May 2009 and currently has 170 students in grades four through eight. It has become a beacon of hope to the girls and parents in Enoosaen.
In 2013 Kakenya was honored with the Global Women's Right Award from the Feminist Majority Foundation, was recognized by Women in the World as a "Woman of Impact" and named a Top Ten CNN Hero. Kakenya was honored with a Vital Voices Global Leadership award in 2008 and as a National Geographic Emerging Explorer in 2010.


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Home ‹ Board index ‹ Blogs ‹ OMNICELL's Blog ‹ The childhood overcoming; success at sime point; not sure when
by OMNICELL on Wed Aug 28, 2019 5:51 pm
The model of how Im working through this; the childhood taken from me; meaning internally being cut off from self; from about the age of 10; completely beheaded psychologically to the point that the childhood personalty vanished completely; the model of how Im working through this is the subject of the blog. Altho I write obscure; secondary awareness flash from the key principles; splashing out insights upon the viewers mind.
The only remains occurred after numerous years of work on D.I.D. and general dissociative disorder. I found my childhood looked like a movie real from a Thomas Edison viewing machine in the late 1800d's. You stand over it; look into it and you see a tape run by that looks like a crude movie; after a few minutes it stops; and thats that; and thats what my childhood looked like; Like was in a plane looking down at the earth and I could faintly spot this tape going by; a real. a movie real; and on it was shadows of a distant life; my childhood; and then the real run out and everything went black; it ran out at about when the child turned 10; and then the real ended and all was silent; and that was the end of that person; that personality... And it was sad; for it was the end of me; and that was that; a brutal cruel ending of a magical existence. No more person.
The child disintegrated and was reemerged into the Core of self; the energy print or blue print or however, the universe stores it in the dead center of the nova within the middle; the sun; for in each person; in the center is a sun... and it shines outwards.
The universe is rearranging my mind because it become a backwards brain. Imagine the organs of the body all misaligned and misplaced from being in a car wreck; everything pushed up inside other areas made for other organs; a complete catastrophe. Well; the universe is straitening out my mind the way a Doctor straitens out a patrons body after a car wreck...
The universe has come to my rescue; why? because Ive created plans that require my mental health to be sane; Ive thought about those plans, yelled about those plans; screamed over them; grieved over them; gotten violent over them; weeped and wailed over them; put out massive long term torturous effort for them; The universe has had no choice but to rescue those desires and turn those thoughts to things; and that is the process working as I write.
The universe has gone back deeply into my childhood that was completely blocked off to me; the universe; like a giant clear water worm; has snuck through the doors of a time lock; back into the house of my childhood and looked around with me riding on its back. It looked through the hallways and the closets and the bathing rooms and living rooms and basements where all the Beatles albums lay; and the dinning room and stair cases; everywhere; and explored everything; and began to open it up to me slowly. And soon I was invited by the little boy who lived their; I was invited to visit.. And slowly the little boy trusted the big clear water worm; and wanted it to come back and visit. And it did. Soon this child was walking up to the edge of its time period and viewing through the portal; and who was he looking at; he was looking at me as I was looking at him; separated only by a window; for he wanted to see the person that he was slowly believing might be trust worthy this time. He had never believed I existed; he had never seen me before; he thought I was a dream... from a dream; but not real...
At this point; within me it's a whirlwind of change; energy and electricity are flying everywhere; it's alive again; the neighborhood and house and the movement of this Childs interests; he is alive again. And soon he will grow and grow Into himself with in this house as he should have, not being scared of his mother; not anymore.
He will grow in this house in a way he never got a chance too. Soon he will grow up out of that house; He will become one with himself and simply walk out from that house being in the present and will come and join me. He's been with me more n more; for we are one and the same body; we are one and the same.
Im learning techniques to hide from my mother; Im learning them now; at some point this child will be thrown a curve ball; being told; while playing on a race set under the pool table; his mother will walk in and tell him she's selling the house then walk out. of course this boy will go into a horrible panic and PTSD will set in; for he has no one; and his mother knows this; his back is against the wall and he has no way out; his whole life is about to be sold down the river and he knows it... He's only in 5th grade.. I know have techniques for rescuing this child within my imagination re changing or re framing the past. I will have a second version of myself start tunneling from across the street; a tunnel right Ito the house; and then a duplicate child of me will show up in the tunnel telling the original me to follow him into the tunnel; once on the other side of the street; I will; as a boy; start tunneling away; all through the city; until Im 15 miles away; and I tunnel up into a new house and a private room; and I will hide their. And when Im safely hidden; then my mother will come out and tell me she is selling the house and selling my life. And at that point; I will not be in the house as she is saying it; it will be empty; I would have disappeared and her nuclear blast like attack; atomic attack upon me; will not be heard; and that explosion will die out and be of no avail. For its purpose was like a nuclear bomb; it was meant to destroy me; It had nothing to do with moving; My mother was like what Jeffry Dahmer did to his victims; to poison and destroy their brains turning them into mindless thoughtless emotionless drones and mindless bodies that a psychopath can manipulate.
My mother has control over me in all aspects; its horrible and it's real and it's causing me to stop; Im to scared to take chances; to move forward; I see her; it's fare beyond hate that she feels toward me; it's contempt; a sociopathic psychopathic contempt. I can't describe the sadness and anger or rage mixed; for I was a small child having to deal with this; The deep fear that my mother didn't like me; its the deepest of fears of an innocent child. and it controls me; I don't want to admit that I loved my mother or wanted her love; it was impossible to admit this because this is a monster; and decent respectable people won't go that fare; No one in their right mind gives credit to monsters; decent people will bury this. But I now can see the grief and fear of me as a child; ITs the worst form of burden put down on a child. I can't describe it. I made me want to hide or find something else in life from the beginning. I was never loved and never accepted and never able to give or receive. And thus; at a later child age; I was ripped too pieces; beheaded and thrown away.
So; now; I see my mother standing in front of anything I want to do; she is intimidating me like a bully or an electric fence; if I go beyond her control I get abandon; I have to do the work to work through this and her to the next level of courage beyond her. Im being limited on all fronts by my mothers influence in front of me; limiting me to the ground of my worth; brainwashed into believing I was inferior to her; but it's worse than that; The psychopath see human beings as experimental dummy machines. Like crash test dummies; Things to destroy or put through in-human tests for the fun of it; A psychopath is the type that would replace crash test dummies in a car heading for a wall; the psychopath would exchange children they've captured in the place of the crash test dummies. Lock them in the car so they could not get out; and then watched as the car was sent into the wall; killing all the children; smashing them to pieces. murdering them; and there it is. That is a good example of all the psychopath is thinking about all the time.
Im describing what it was really like as a small small boy; the effects it had on me and still does.
The most important issue Im describing is the block from fear used against me my whole young life. always going to my mother; never knowing what she was; and countering the rejection from her and not understanding that it would never stop; not in this life. What do I do; Where to I go for help; How do I become a functioning human being; I had no one but my dreams that I hoped would manifest as an older child; but that never happened I was destroyed out of my living situation and my life by the 5th grade. and those psychopaths knew what they were doing and the timing to destroy young children as myself.
What is the present goal; to get out of my mothers spell of intimidation; its a horrible horrible de humanization humiliation to work through this; meaning Im in fear of my mother; losing her love; love that never existed; and one has to point to the fact this is a psychopath at the same. But Im willing to explore it; get beyond it and let the universe bring back the people Im suppose to meet and be around and re grow through the years I never grew. Im getting much closer.
So; the next goal is taking an inventory of my mothers control over my entire adult life; right now;How she controls me now; and getting rid of it; busting through it. And that hurts and it's scary and humiliating; Im like a little kid that has to face a tall giant. Scary as hell.
The idea is or was; the small child in me got dist- by my mother and thus would wait until a time I could redeem myself with others when I got older; I would wait it out; and I would stay silent with my feelings until I could find those worthy enough for my feelings; unfortunately the psychopaths would throw me away at that specific age I would have gone looking for a new group of people to let my feelings out; and the psychopath knew this; knew what they were doing when I was abandon; for I was not the first child they abandon; I was the third they attempted to break. They wanted to turn us into mindless drones; much like what Jeffry Dahmer did to his victims... Same thing; nothing new under the sun. psychopaths are similar creatures....
So; the work is; face up to my real feelings concerning my mother; the fear and fear of losing her or never being able to love her; to receive love or give love.. And the giving part is what destroyed me; because I never trusted giving love to anyone ever again.
I don't know how Im going to work through trusting to give love again; I don't want to end up giving love to a psychopath again; nothing scares me more....
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am getting amped for summer – it feels like it is just around the corner! And what comes with the summer season? Some of the tastiest food: such as my famous macaroni salad (at least in my house) and homemade burgers! If you are like me, you believe that veggie burgers can hold their own. I love me some veggie burgers, and this gluten-free one is made from wholesome ingredients and packed with southwestern flavors.
Since they are baked, feel free to whip a batch up of these anytime through out the year in Winter, Spring, Summer or Fall!
1. Clean and peel the sweet potato then slice into four pieces. Steam in a sauce pan over medium heat until the potato is soft and mashable.
2. In a large bowl, with a potato masher, mash the black beans and potato together until well-combined and large chunks are smoothed out (it's okay to have some smaller chunks, that will add to the texture of the burger).
3. Add in the corn, cornmeal, salsa, egg, and all the seasonings. Use a wooden spoon to mix everything together. Allow to sit for 5 minutes to allow the cornmeal to "hydrate" and bind the mix together.
4. Form burgers, and on a greased cookie sheet, place evenly spread apart. This should make about 6 burgers.
5. Bake in a 350 degree oven for 25 to 30 minutes. Serve immediately on a gluten-free roll or with some avocado!
« IS IT SAFE TO EAT SEAFOOD?
Hmmmm never had sweet potato in the mix…sounds good tho…..
When you say "2 cups soaked and prepared organic black beans," what does "prepared" mean?
These look great–trying tonight! I was wondering, though, why fermented salsa is recommended in a recipe that is going to be heated? It seems that any good bacteria would be killed off, so is there another reason for recommending fermented over non-fermented salsa? Thanks!
Hi, these sound delicious, just what I was looking for. Do you know if these freeze well.? I'm looking for great GF healthy lunches that I can grab & go to take to work with me. If you haven't tried freezing, I guess I will & let you know. Thanks.


Clifford "T.I." Harris and Dallas Austin recently teamed up with Georgia Tech alums Vernell Woods and Dennis Campbell to create an amazing and brand-new, cutting-edge technology platform, Mulaah.
Mulaah is the first mobile system that helps the community by ultimately putting money back into the hands of the users that download and utilize the mobile application. Whether you're a college student, a parent on the go, or an entrepreneur, this application is for you.
Mulaah is an ad-powered mobile system that pays you each time that you see an ad. It is designed to help you make a little extra money every month from your mobile phone.
The two founders and graduates of Georgia Tech, Woods and Campbell, felt compelled to create a system that would ultimately assist their home communities and the city of Atlanta. Atlanta is vastly becoming the new technology hub within the United States. To create a massive impact, they sought to partner with two of Atlanta's most well-known and musically iconic stars to join their new tech movement.
Mulaah was ultimately designed to benefit the mobile user who uses their device on a daily basis. Mulaah believes that people should get paid every time they use their cellular phones.
"The average American near me receives just enough money to get by, but the businesses that we use daily make so much. I wanted to create a way to help the everyday person make more money and become business men and women on their own. But it needed to be simple and I wanted to start in Atlanta," said Woods.
Mulaah is currently by invitation only and will be releasing to the general market in the coming weeks. If you would like more information on Mulaah or to receive a special invitation, please visit the website at www.mulaah.com.
For mobile users seeking to make some effortless revenue off their phones, Mulaah is the indispensable app that puts money in your pocket without you having to do anything. Unlike the apps that show you ads and keep all the money, Mulaah simply shares it with you. The mobile system has partnered with some of the top advertisers, content distributors and digital survey companies to custom tailor our Dashboard experiences just for you and keep the 'Mulaah' rolling in.


The district nominating committee has chosen Fay Morris Campbell of the Orleans club to be district governor in 2021-2022. Fay has held a number of positions in Rotary, including area governor for Ottawa Central 2011-2017, and is the current district friendship exchange chair.
Fay traveled to India in 2015 to participate in a National Immunization Day to protect children from polio. She was the recipient last year of the Monette-Webster Award, which honors a district Rotarian who consistently fosters the ideal of service in their personal, business and community life, and the advancement of international understanding, goodwill and peace.
Fay has been a small business owner and taught at the School of Beauty Culture in Jamaica, for Public and Catholic school board in Ottawa and at Algonquin College. She was recognized as Entrepreneur of the Year by the Ottawa Black Business and Professionals Association.
Over the years, Fay has volunteered at many organizations including Friends of the Jamaica Youth Orchestra (where she served as a board member and treasurer) and the Ottawa Little Theater.
And we enjoy each other's fellowship and sense of accomplishment by making our community a little better to live through our efforts. Come and be part of this tradition.


Rainy Heart Productions is a new theatre company in Ottawa. Our mission is to produce unique and high quality theatre experiences in the Ottawa area through innovation and community. We believe in using the power of stories to connect and create with audiences. We are committed to supporting local talent both onstage and off. We pride ourselves on accessibility and a welcoming atmosphere to both new and veteran actors alike.
 theatre opportunities for artists in Ottawa.


The last several weeks I have been doing some genealogy research on my family and came across some cool information dating all the way back to the 1700's. Tracing my ancestry back to Germany, Sweden and Norway, I found my mouth watering for my Grandmother's Swedish Meatballs! With my diet restrictions in mind (dairy & gluten free) I decided to conquer her recipe while substituting my healthier options when necessary. To my surprise they turned out AMAZING!! I really enjoy them with roasted veggies like carrots, asparagus and a few fingerling potatoes. I hope that you enjoy the warmth of my favorite family comfort food as much as I have.
In a large bowl, break apart the gluten free bread into large pieces. Add almond milk and toss to coat. Set aside.
In a medium saucepan, saute onions and butter until translucent, about 4 minutes. Add chopped garlic and cook 2 minutes.
Drain off excess almond milk from bread. Add sauteed onions and garlic to bread. Stir, then add eggs, parsley and salt & pepper. With a handheld mixer, mix ingredients on low-med until well combined. Add ground beef and continue mixing with handheld mixer until all ingredients are well combined.
Preheat oven to 400F. With a spoon, scoop mixture into your hands and roll all remaining mixture into meatballs. Place meatballs on a rack that fits into a baking pan. Place meatballs in the oven and bake 20 minutes or until no longer pink inside.
Remove from oven and serve or refrigerate for up to 5 days. These meatballs also freeze really well!


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TO ORDER SERVICE or GET INFO CALL 435-655-1022
PARK CITY TAXI | SALT LAKE CITY TAXI | www.fastaxi.org | 435-655-1022
SALT LAKE CITY TAXI
The History of Park City
History of Park City - Continues
Sundance 2016 | Movies | Events | Talent | Stars
US DRAMATIC - Christine
Christine (Rebecca Hall) is an ambitious 29-year-old news reporter in Sarasota, Florida, circa 1974. Relentlessly motivated to succeed, she knows she has talent, but being a driven career woman in the 1970s comes with its own challenges, especially when competition for a promotion, unrequited love for a coworker, and a tumultuous home life lead to a dissolution of self. With ratings in the cellar, WZRB's station manager issues a mandate to deliver juicier and more exploitative stories, a style firmly at odds with Christine's serious brand of issue-based journalism. To accomplish her goals, she must overcome her self-doubt and give the people what they want.
As made evident in his previous features, Afterschool and Simon Killer, director Antonio Campos is well-versed in translating the damaged psyche to film. This latest effort elevates his style to the next level; bathed in dread and peppered with sharp humor, Christine is a hypnotic and arresting portrayal of a woman at a crossroads. more: http://www.sundance.org/projects/christine
Need a ride? FASTAXI provides Park City Taxi Service and Park City Airport Transportation 435-783-8294
Diania Turner (pronounced Dianna) is the founder and President of FASTAXI. PC has over 150 taxi companies. With all the different hours of operation, websites, phone numbers, etc.finding a taxi can be exhausting. FASTAXI is a 'ONE CALL' dispatch service. Getting a taxi has never been easier.


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John Legend Joins Jennifer Nettles + Hunter Hayes for 'All of Me' at 2014 CMT Music Awards
Christina Vinson
John Legend's hit 'All of Me' got a country makeover at the 2014 CMT Music Awards, as country stars Jennifer Nettles and Hunter Hayes joined him in an absolutely beautiful performance.
Arranged by the one and only ultra-talented Hayes, who accompanied Nettles and Legend on the acoustic guitar, the new version of the song sounded like it was made for a duet. The backing band included a cello and bass, as well as other instruments, allowing the two singers to showcase their vocals and the tight chemistry onstage.
Nettles stunned in a black leather halter dress, and Legend looked extra suave, as always, in a black leather jacket and pants. It may seem like an unlikely pair, but the two bonded as panelists on ABC's 'Duets' in 2012, and they met at President Obama's inauguration in 2009.
As for Hayes, Nettles admits she doesn't know him well, but has always admired his talents from afar. "... I think that he is super, super-talented. Clearly, he's a multi-instrumentalist and he is a great writer, not to mention a singer and a cutie. But everybody says 'singer' and 'cutie' first," she says. "The other part is what really interests me. I mean, not that (the more familiar part) doesn't -- but everybody sees that. I really respect his talents and his gifts as a musician as well as a front person. So, yeah, I'll be excited to get to work with him."
Fans showed their approval at the end of the song, giving the trio a standing ovation.
Next: See All 2014 CMT Music Awards Winners
Filed Under: Hunter Hayes, Jennifer Nettles
Categories: CMT Music Awards, Country Music News


YOU MAKE IN THE HOOP YOURSELF!!!
LEARN HOW TO CREATE THE FABRIC BASE USING YOUR TOO PRETTY TO PART WITH THREAD SNIPS!!!!
Create one of a kind thread art , heart appliques with NLE's Threads of Love Fiber Art Heart Applique. This design includes 2 files and full photo instructions showing you how to use your beautiful thread tails and turn them into extraordinary pieces of beautiful fiber art fabrics to use as your applique base. The effects achievable are gorgeous and truly unique each and every time.
Each one becomes it's own distinct peice of fiber art, making it a stunnig accent for fashion flair and home dec projects too.


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O Paralelo 43 S é um paralelo no 43° grau a sul do plano equatorial terrestre.

Começando pelo Meridiano de Greenwich e tomando a direção leste, o paralelo 43° Sul passa por:
{| class="wikitable"
! País, território ou mar
! Notas
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Oceano Atlântico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Oceano Índico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
| Tasmânia
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Oceano Pacífico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Mar da Tasmânia
|-
|
| Ilha Sul
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Oceano Pacífico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
| Ilha Chiloé
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Golfo de Corcovado
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" | Oceano Atlântico
| style="background:#b0e0e6;" |
|-
|}

Ver também
 Paralelo 42 S
 Paralelo 44 S

43 S

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Press Releases – A majority of what I did for the CCM NewsHub is taking content that's sent to me by others and formatting it into a suitable press release, ready for publication. If you've got something you'd like sent out, but aren't sure how to format it, contact me and we'll see what we can come up with.
Profiles – On places, on people… You name it. I've written multiple profiles and would love to do many more if you're looking for a piece for your publication. If you've got information on someone or think someone deserves to have a profile written about them, hit me up!
Blogging – Need someone to help out with a blog: crafting posts and managing it? I'd love to help out! I managed and crafted posts for about two years at a previous job. I'd love to help you keep a regular posting schedule!
WordPress – I've been working with the ins and outs of WordPress for over a year and have fully redesigned my own site. I know basic HTML code and will gladly help you work on your site!
Resumes – I can help you successfully tailor and layout resumes so they look the best and feel the best for each job you apply to. After going through the process once, it becomes easier to understand how to do it. I'm happy to help you get your resume ready for that upcoming job interview!
Developmental Editing/Copyediting – It is as it sounds. Got a short story or piece of prose that you'd like looked over? I can help with that. I have the skills and ability to function as both a developmental editor and copyeditor and would gladly help you out!
Grant Writing – Got a nonprofit foundation? Need to apply for funding but don't know how? I'd be happy to help you write the grant. Details can be negotiated.
Don't hesitate to contact me with questions about any work. I'm willing to guest post on blogs, write freelance articles, etc. Just shoot me an e-mail and we can discuss technicalities, such as deadlines and pricing, from there. I'm willing to help in any way I can!
If there's something you need done that isn't on this list, shoot me an email anyway! My talents and capabilities aren't limited to what you see here.


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https://sixerswire.usatoday.com/2022/08/08/espn-predicts-sixers-to-finish-50-32-no-4-in-eastern-conference/
ESPN predicts Sixers to finish 50-32, No. 4 in Eastern Conference
AP Photo/Matt Slocum
August 8, 2022 11:52 am ET
The Philadelphia 76ers are expected to be one of the top teams in the league as they head into the 2022-23 season. This is due to the fact they have serious talent, Joel Embiid and James Harden, as well as a rising star, Tyrese Maxey.
Combine the trio with veteran Tobias Harris and new additions PJ Tucker, De'Anthony Melton and Danuel House Jr., and the Sixers are looking to make a deep run into the playoffs. This is arguably the deepest and most talented roster in the Embiid era.
ESPN put out its predictions for the Eastern Conference, and it has the Sixers finishing 50-32 and No. 4 in the East. It has the Boston Celtics, the Milwaukee Bucks and the Miami Heat finishing ahead of Philadelphia. For context, Philadelphia went 51-31 and finished fourth behind those same three teams in the 2021-22 season.
ESPN on that group:
Boston, after struggling to score in what became a six-game loss to the Golden State Warriors in the NBA Finals, sought to change that this offseason when it landed guard Malcolm Brogdon in a trade with the Indiana Pacers and forward Danilo Gallinari in free agency — all while keeping its top eight players from last year's postseason run intact.
The Celtics are now arguably the NBA's deepest team and should have the ability to withstand the rigors of the 82-game season — particularly given stars Jayson Tatum and Jaylen Brown are only just beginning to enter their respective primes.
The Sixers will really have to overcome the Celtics in the tough Eastern Conference. While the Bucks and the Heat will stand in their way as well, Boston just reached the NBA Finals and then upgraded the roster. It will be a big challenge for the Sixers once the playoffs come around.
Every player in Philadelphia 76ers history who has worn No. 40
Sixers rewind highlights: Tyrese Maxey drops 38 points vs. Raptors
New Sixers guard De'Anthony Melton shows off athleticism in open runs
James Harden, Kevin Durant seen together at Travis Scott concert
Player grades: Joel Embiid, Sixers bounce back, beat Magic in rematch
Kevin Durant calls out Montrezl Harrell for comments on Nic Claxton


Title The case of the missing cutthroats : an ecological mystery / Jean Craighead George.
Imprint New York : HarperTrophy, 1999.
Description 145 p. ; 20 cm.
Note "This book was originally published by E. P. Dutton in 1975 under the title Hook a Fish, Catch a Mountain"--verso t.p.
Summary After Spinner Shafter catches a cutthroat trout in the Snake River, she and her cousin Alligator search the nearby mountains to determine where the endangered fish came from and how it survived.
Subject Cutthroat trout -- Fiction.


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Mark Hamill Admitted Why He and Carrie Fisher Never Dated; 'She Was Too Much for Me in Every Regard'
by Rachel Hunt twitter linkedin instagram | More Articles: Celebrity
Mark Hamill and Carrie Fisher spent years filming Stars Wars together. So, it comes as no surprise that Luke Skywalker and Princess Leia once locked lips off-screen. However, nothing came of the makeout session, and Hamill revealed why in an interview. Among other things, he said that Fisher was "too much for me in every regard."
'Star Wars' Mark Hamill, Carrie Fisher and Harrison Ford | Sunset Boulevard/Corbis via Getty Images
Mark Hamill and Carrie Fisher kissed once
Hamill admitted once in a Star Wars interview that he bragged about his kissing skills to Fisher. She took the bragging as an opportunity.
"I said: 'Well, I think I'm a fairly good kisser. I like to let the women come to me rather than be aggressive,'" he told The Telegraph. "And she said: 'What do you mean?' Well, next thing you know, we're making out like teenagers!"
https://twitter.com/ThatEricAlper/status/1309575977547202560?s=20
The Luke Skywalker actor said that the two felt the chemistry between them. So, they had to get it "out of their system."
"Carrie and I were attracted to one another," Hamill revealed. "But I knew from previous jobs that it would have been a bad idea."
Hamill admitted that things would never have worked between him and Fisher
Although there was an attraction between Hamill and Fisher, he feels that she was too much for him.
"If I'd had a relationship with her, it would have been like a full-time activity," he told the outlet, "because she was too much for me in every regard: she was too creative, she was too smart. She was just the best."
Carrie Fisher and Mark Hamill | Jean-Jacques LAPEYRONNIE/Gamma-Rapho via Getty Images
It sounds like Hamill doesn't feel that he was good enough for Fisher. However, after a while, the two felt like brother and sister, anyway. The one makeout session helped their professional relationship. Hamill said it helped get things "out of our system," and "we became like real siblings over the years."
Fisher was in love with Harrison Ford but wished it was Hamill all those years ago
The other reason things might not have worked out between Hamill and Fisher could have been because of the other man in her life. Fisher had a three-month-long affair with Harrison Ford while filming Star Wars: A New Hope. Ford was already married with children. However, that didn't stop 19-year-old Fisher from falling head over heels in love with him.
A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away Star Wars' Carrie Fisher had an affair with Harrison Ford: https://t.co/yhzXdzO9FR pic.twitter.com/0ItDelbAKu
— E! News (@enews) November 17, 2016
'Star Wars' Mark Hamill and John Boyega Exchange Jedi Resistance Inspiration on Instagram Over Yoda Photo
According to Fisher's 2016 memoir The Princess Diarist, she would secretly write poetry about her co-star. However, he never returned her affection.
"I'm sorry it's not Mark," she wrote about her affair with Ford. "It could've been. It should've been. It might've meant something. Maybe not much, but certainly more."
Although Hamill feels the two would never have worked out, it turns out that Fisher regretted not being in love with him.
Tags:Carrie Fisher Harrison Ford Mark Hamill Star Wars


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Juan Mata Says Man United Teammate David De Gea is Underappreciated
David De Gea is one of the world's best goalkeepers, but Juan Mata doesn't think he gets the recognition he deserves.
Manchester United midfielder Juan Mata has claimed that David De Gea is underappreciated away from the Premier League.
The Spanish goalkeeper has excelled so far this season, earning widespread plaudits for his standout performance in a 3-1 victory over Arsenal earlier this month.
But Mata has insisted that his compatriot, who finished 20th in the recent Ballon d'Or voting, is not given the recognition he deserves outside of England.
"You know, everything has been said about David from journalists, ex-players, current players, from myself," Mata told United Review.
"He is great. He is fantastic. He has an incredible talent and has shown that in every single game in every single season, which is so difficult to do.
"His consistency is what makes him the best or one of the best, for sure. He showed it on a big stage like Arsenal as he made sure we got the points.
"You know what? I don't know why some people don't appreciate him and how good he is. He's not always on the list of the best goalkeepers in the world, or whatever these awards are, and, for me, it's definite.
"I see his games week in and week out and can see he is great and fantastic. He has to be in the top three, top two or top one.
"For me, he's the best and it would be nice if more journalists, not just in England as he is very well appreciated in England, but in different countries, realized how good he is."


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THE illusion that you're disconnected from your body can lessen your fear of dying.
Mel Slater at the University of Barcelona, Spain, and his team used a virtual reality headset to make 32 volunteers feel as if a virtual body that mimicked their every move was their own.
The headset then showed them floating away from the body, observing it above – an experience that many people who have come close to death say they've had.
The volunteers then answered a questionnaire, which found that the feeling of disconnection significantly lowers fear of dying (PLoS One, doi.org/10/bxkv).
"It gives a sense that it's possible to survive beyond death," says Slater.


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What to Do When Grandma Gets the Blues
By Catherine Winters Reviewed by Edward C. Geehr, M.D.
Depression can be especially hard on older people, but it's often confused with other conditions. If you're caring for an elderly relative, here's how to get a correct diagnosis – and what you can do to help...Your 75-year-old mom, once so full of energy, is irritable and keeping to herself. Your octogenarian uncle, who used to crack jokes and love a good time, has lost his zest for life. You attribute their personality changes to aging and health issues. After all, getting depressed seems inevitable when knees ache, vision starts to go or blood pressure soars, right?Despite what you hear, "depression isn't a normal part of aging," says psychologist Amy Fiske, Ph.D., an expert on mental health and the elderly at West Virginia University. "In fact, older adults are less likely to have depressive disorders than are middle-aged adults."According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 8.6% of people age 35-44, and 10% of those 45-64, have symptoms of depression. By contrast, just 6.8% of people 65 and older are depressed.
But when older people do develop depression, it hits them especially hard. It tends to last longer, according to the National Institutes of Mental Health."The impact of depression shows more prominently in an older person than it does in someone younger," says George Alexopoulous, M.D., founder and director of the Weill-Cornell Institute of Geriatric Psychiatry in White Plains, N.Y.And it can worsen any health issues they may have. The worse the depression, the more a person's quality of life and physical and mental functioning are diminished among people 60 and older with medical problems, Dr. Alexopoulous says. Wondering if an aging relative or friend may be depressed? Here are some warning signs and what to do about them.The Diagnosis Dilemma
Depression often goes unnoticed in the elderly. That's partly because, rather than acting "sad," an older person may complain about aches, pains or other ailments.
"Older people tend to underreport depression symptoms and overreport physical [ones]," Dr. Alexopoulous says.If an elderly person has any of the following conditions, it may coexist with – or even mask – a case of depression.Illness:Health problems often accompany depression, and boost risk for the disorder.According to a study Fiske co-authored, published in the Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 20%-35% of older adults with cardiovascular disease report symptoms of depression. Up to 15% with Parkinson's disease have major depression.Insomnia: Sleep problems, which are common in the elderly, can also increase the risk of depression.Elderly people with persistent insomnia have a greater likelihood of developing depression, according to research at the University of Rochester (N.Y.) Medical Center. A second University of Rochester study - of more than 1,800 people age 60 and over - found that people with insomnia were 1.8-3.5 times more likely to remain depressed than those who didn't have trouble sleeping.
A two-year UCLA study of 350 people age 60 and older, published in the American Journal of Psychiatry, found that people with a prior episode of depression were more likely to have a second bout if they suffered from sleep disturbances.Forgetfulness: A hallmark of depression, this may be incorrectly attributed to mild cognitive impairment or even Alzheimer's disease. But unlike people who truly suffer from some form of dementia, a depressed person is more likely to complain and be upset about their forgetfulness."One of the cardinal rules is that people with dementia tend to minimize memory problems, whereas people with depression maximize them," says psychiatrist Nada L. Stotland, M.D., a professor at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago and former president of the American Psychiatric Association. "Dementia shouldn't make you feel guilty, affect your appetite and take away your zest for living," Dr. Stotland adds. "Those are all symptoms of depression."
Life stressors:Common situations faced by older people – losing a loved one, caring for a sick relative, financial setbacks, trouble with family members, too little (or too much) support from others, loneliness, a change in living situation, or getting ill – all increase the likelihood of depression.A 2003 meta-analysis of people 50 and older published in the American Journal of Psychiatry reported that bereavement more than tripled the risk.Previous depression:Even if someone was treated and recovered from an earlier depressed period, there's a chance the condition will return."Depression is an episodic disease," Fiske says. "If you've been depressed earlier in life, it's more likely you'll be depressed later in life."Taking Action
If you suspect your elderly relative is depressed, take him or her to a primary-care doctor or geriatric psychiatrist. "Once you do, you're 80% of the way toward diagnosing or ruling out depression," says developmental psychologist Adam Davey, Ph.D., associate professor of public health at Temple University in Philadelphia.
Here's how to handle the appointment:Bring up the D-word. Tell the physician why you think it's depression. Otherwise, it may go unnoticed."Older patients often won't share their symptoms with the doctor," Dr. Stotland says.This is significant because most doctors spend an average of just two minutes discussing mental health during visits with elderly patients, according to researchers at Texas A&M University.And more than half the patients with symptoms of depression never mentioned them.List all medicines.Tell the doctor about every medication and supplement your elderly relative takes, from statins to aspirin and vitamins, as well as the dosage.Medications – such as beta blockers, central nervous system drugs, calcium channel blockers, hormones and corticosteroids – can cause depression-like symptoms.Also, the doctor needs to ensure none of the patient's current meds will interact with an antidepressant.Speak up.The doctor should take a detailed medical history to rule out illnesses that could be causing depression.Since many elderly people see different doctors, make sure to list every diagnosis, including a history of depression.
Getting Treatment
Once diagnosed, depression is treatable – no matter the age.The doctor may prescribe antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Seniors who take SSRIs are less likely to discontinue them due to side effects than those who take tricyclics, a class of medications that affects a wider range of brain chemicals.Psychotherapy may also be recommended – particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), in which a therapist helps the patient examine and change thoughts that influence negative feelings and behaviors. A review of numerous meta analyses, published in Cognitive Therapy and Research, in 2012, found that CBT provided a significant benefit to depressed elderly patients. "Instead of feeling like their life has ended because they can't do what they used to do, therapy can give the patient a way to appreciate alternatives," Dr. Alexopoulous says.If insomnia is at the root of your loved one's depression, a combination of sleep medication and CBT may be prescribed, Fiske says. And if your relative has lost a spouse and is still mourning months later, bereavement therapy can help with the healing process.
How can you help? Ask, Dr. Stotland advises. "Often the most useful thing you can do is listen." Also, encourage them to do things, Dr. Stotland says. "It's better to get outside than lie in bed all day."If your relative used to enjoy going to the symphony or movies or on long drives, offer to take them. But if they turn you down, don't push, Dr. Stotland adds. You can also make sure they have transportation to see friends or family, or encourage visits. And if certain activities or social groups have become too difficult, help find alternatives.Socializing can make a big difference: "Socialization is the key to a healthy mind, especially for an elderly person. If they are left to sit by themselves with no contact or socializing, their minds become unhealthy and depression can set in quickly," states a 2014 article in the journal New England Geriatrics.And people with the most social connections are three times as likely to have good or excellent health.For more information, visit our Depression Health Center.
Could You Be Depressed?
Depression affects 20 million people in any given year and is a serious enough disorder to compromise one's ability to function normally day to day. Find out if you're just blue or if you might be clinically depressed.
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Blackpool's Chris Long accepts he is not guaranteed a starting role in Terry McPhillips' team despite bagging a matchwinning goal on his debut.
The 23-year-old made a perfect start to life at Blackpool, coming off the bench to score the decisive goal in Saturday's 1-0 win at League One leaders Portsmouth.
While the goal will have undoubtedly boosted Long's chances of starting against Shrewsbury Town this weekend, the former Fleetwood Town man knows there's no assurances.
He said: "I did say I would have to work my way into the team, and if I am in the team I will always give that 120 per cent and more.
"I came here to play and score goals, and hopefully that can carry on.
"I've just got to catch the manager's eye in training this week. The lads who started won the game.
Long's appearance at Fratton Park was his first game-time since November, when he was subbed off at half-time in Fleetwood's Checkatrade Trophy defeat at Bury.
It's been a difficult few months for the strike but the former Burnley man says he is looking to put all that behind him and focus on his new club.
"I met with the lads last Thursday," Long added. "I knew some of them already but everyone has welcomed me with open arms.
"I'm just delighted I could score the winner for the lads. I'm loving it at the moment.
"It's probably been the worst year of my footballing career so far.
"I got released by Burnley and then what's gone on at Fleetwood, but that's all gone now and I'm at Blackpool.
Blackpool's surprise win at Pompey put an end to the Seasiders' poor spell of form.
The win left McPhillips' men ninth in the League One table, nine points off the play-offs, but Long insists the players aren't looking beyond the next fixture.
He added: "We just take every game as it comes. Hopefully we can get three points in every game. That's the plan.
"We don't look too far. Now it's all about Shrewsbury on Saturday. That's our next focus and hopefully we can get three points.
"Obviously before I arrived the lads got beat by Arsenal but it was always going to be difficult against Premier League opposition.


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Home page > 1. IV Online magazine > 2020 > IV540 - January 2020 > Was Marx an ecosocialist? A reply to Kohei Saito.
Was Marx an ecosocialist? A reply to Kohei Saito.
Sunday 12 January 2020, by Daniel Tanuro
Kohei Saito's book Marx's Ecosocialism is an essential contribution to the current debates on Marxism and the environmental question. [1] What makes Saito's work particularly interesting is that it traces the evolution of Marx's thought from a "productivist" to an "anti-productivist" vision of human development, in particular by incorporating natural limits into perspectives for agriculture. This historical approach allows the author to transcend the quarrels between Marxists who see Marx's ecology as a glass which is empty, half empty, half full or full.
Thanks to careful reading of Marx's Notebooks, Saito brilliantly shows how Marx abandoned the idea that agricultural productivity could increase indefinitely under socialism until, in 1865-1868, he came to the opposite conclusion that only socialism could stop the absurd and destructive capitalist tendency to unlimited growth.
John Bellamy Foster, in his book Marx's Ecology [2], highlighted the impact of Liebig's work on Marx's understanding of the problem of soil depletion. Like Foster, Kohei Saito considers that the disruption of the exchange of matter between humanity and nature (metabolic rift) - caused by the combined processes of enclosures, capitalist industrialization, urbanization and the breaking of the cycle of nutrients that resulted - is a fundamental concept of "Marx's ecology".
But Saito goes further: he shows that Marx, because he still believed in the unlimited potential of agricultural production, was initially interested in Liebig because the German chemist provided arguments against Ricardo's "law of diminishing agricultural returns" and Malthus's "theory of absolute overpopulation". However, in the seventh edition of his "Agricultural Chemistry", Liebig distanced himself from his own overly optimistic positions, "recognizing that there are natural limits to agricultural improvements" and concluding that fertilizers could not compensate for "robbery agriculture".
"Liebig did not highlight his change of position," says Saito. But Marx was so focused on the debate over the (non) proportionality between agricultural productivity and capital investment "that this hidden modification did not escape him." On the contrary, he remarked that "the new formulation [of Liebig] implied a critical point of view on agriculture subjected to profit by capitalist relations, incapable of improving the soil sustainably and in the long term".
For Saito, the German chemist's turn was "decisive" for Marx's break with productivism. Hence the fact that this rupture occurred "relatively late", from 1865. Saito writes: "In the London Notebooks, the Prometheanism of Marx is always discernible, but, having integrated Liebig's reversal, he corrected, during 1860s, his own optimistic view of the possibilities of agriculture."
Of course, Marx did much more than correct his vision based on the work of Liebig. The chemist was a great scientist but also an industrialist producing fertilizers for profit. He had no social or historical understanding of soil depletion. Marx, on the contrary, immediately perceived the parallel between the exploitation of labour and the destruction of nature by capital. From this moment, he saw the two phenomena as a common result of mediatization by the abstract value of the relationships between humans as well as between humans and their environment.
Kohei Saito rightly insists on the general importance in Capital of the concept of a humanity-nature "metabolic rupture". Even if Marx concentrated on agriculture and other sectors directly exploiting natural resources (forestry for example), it is obvious that the concept, for him, transcends the problem of soil exhaustion to include all trade of material (Stoffwechsel) between humanity and its environment. Agriculture is a starting point, because Marx had a major theoretical interest in the question of rent, and he saw the enclosures as "the great tearing apart" of the relationships between humans and nature.
We can only agree with Saito when he emphasizes that Marx saw the "breaking of the metabolism" as a global phenomenon, aggravated in particular by the imperialist plunder of colonised countries, such as India and Ireland for example. Thus, Marx was aware that the nutrients included in Indian cotton manufactured in British factories would never return to the soils where the cotton had grown. This is another example showing that "Marx did not integrate Liebig's theory passively but quite actively, applying it to his own political analysis."
The historical approach by Saito to the evolution of Marx's thought on the issue of natural limits is similar to that used Kevin Anderson in his book Marx At The Margins, devoted to non-Western societies - another area where the views of the author of Capital changed remarkably. For Saito, there is a link between these two research fields since Marx, in his Promethean period, "attributed soil depletion to the technological and moral backwardness of so-called primitive farming techniques." In this regard, it is undoubtedly likely that "Marx's critique of modernity deepened during his investigation of natural sciences in 1865" as Saito says.
On the basis of his careful study of Marx's Notebooks Saito argues that Marx nuanced his enthusiasm for Liebig after 1868. The reasons could be twofold: first, Marx could only oppose the development of Malthusian tendencies in Liebig's thinking; secondly, he discovered the work of other scientists, especially Fraas who defended the idea that nature, under certain climatic and alluvial conditions, could compensate for the loss in the soil of nutrients absorbed by plants.
For Fraas, Liebig "magnified the risk of soil depletion, in order to popularize his theory of fertilizer." Moreover, Fraas also supported the idea that agriculture, because it involves deforestation, brings local climate change which in the long term results in the decline of civilization. It is clear that such a theory would stimulate Marx's thinking on the conditions for a "rational management" of human-nature metabolism.
The concept advanced by Saito of an "unfinished critique of political economy", particularly in the field of ecology, creates an adequate framework for debates between Marxists, not only on the assessment of the work of Marx but also on research fields open to continuing the development of an eco-socialist alternative.
I leave aside Saito's criticisms of my own work on the theme of "Marx and ecology". According to Saito, "Daniel Tanuro maintains that the Marx era is now so distant in terms of technology and natural sciences that his theory is not appropriate for a systematic analysis of current environmental issues, in particular because Marx did not pay enough attention to the specifics of fossil energy compared to other forms of renewable energy." This criticism is so contrary to my writings for over 20 years that an answer is superfluous.
In my opinion, there is indeed something like an "ecology of Marx", but it is incomplete and sometimes contradictory. If I really appreciate "Marx's Ecosocialism", it is precisely because Saito gives a dynamic, historical and consequently non-apologetic explanation of this incomplete and contradictory character. What is more, he gives this explanation without falling into the Althusserian theory (false, in my opinion) of the so-called "epistemological break" in the development of Marx's thought.
It is certain that ecosocialists have different opinions on the degree of incompleteness and contradictions in Marx's ecology. At the end of his chapter "Capital as a theory of metabolism", Saito devotes a few pages to the "contradiction of capital in nature". I am in general agreement with the content of this text, but it essentially consists of a (re) construction of Marx's ecology by Saito himself. I admit that Marx could possibly have written something like this at the end of his life. But he did not, probably because he was not confronted with the global ecological crisis.
Saito says that Marx "did not elaborate on the waste of natural resources in as much detail as on the cruel exploitation of labour power". It is indeed the least we could say. Therefore, it is, in my opinion, exaggerated and counterproductive to claim that Marx would have analysed "the problem of the ecological crisis as the central contradiction of the capitalist mode of production."
It seems to me preferable to consider "Marx's ecology" as an unfinished project. The practical question, therefore, is: "what should we, as ecosocialists, do to continue the work?" Obviously, the priority is to apply the brilliant concept of capitalist rupture of metabolism to ecological imbalances other than the depletion of soils, on which Marx focused. As far as I know, the possibility of a global energy imbalance in the Earth system due to the burning of fossil fuels did not catch his attention. It could have been otherwise - John Tyndall discovered the radiative power of CO² and other atmospheric gases in 1859. But Marx's interest in science was mostly focused on other areas of research. (Let's add that Fraas was talking about local climate change caused by deforestation, not global warming.)
But the most important ecosocialist task is clearly to identify new areas of research, fuelling new programmatic developments. In my view, three areas are particularly fertile from an ecosocialist point of view.
The first is the deep connection between the exploitation of nature, exploitation of labour and oppression of women by the patriarchy. Marx's formula (in Capital) on "the only two sources of all wealth, nature and the worker", takes into account neither the reproductive work mainly performed by women, nor the specific exploitation of female employees. This specific exploitation and oppression constitutes a pillar of capitalism, as important as the exploitation of nature and that of labour in general.
The second area is the necessary break with scientism. This is an important question because scientism had an influence on Marx (and even more on Marxists of the 20th century). As an example of this influence, I mentioned the fact that Marx considered the notion that certain plants could fix nitrogen from the air in soils as a fable. Saito replies that "it is expeditious to criticize Marx on this one point": what Marx rejected as fable, according to him, was not the possibility of this mechanism but Lavergne's idea that it could favour short term crop growth. However, I maintain my interpretation. I think there is little doubt that Marx in this quote expresses a disdain for what he sees as the superstitions of peasants (and those of indigenous peoples). We find a trace of this scientism in Marx's admiration for Liebig's theory that chemical nutrients are the main explanation for soil fertility: it is certain that peasants knew the role key of earthworms and other organisms of soil fauna – a role confirmed by Darwin in 1881- but peasant knowledge did not hold the attention of Marx (who was on the other hand quite aware of the knowledge of artisans).
The third area is the place and the role of peasants in contemporary capitalism. Marx believed that peasants were doomed to disappear by the evolution of capital, but the reality was different. Because of the gap (identified by Marx) between production time and labour time in agriculture, capital chose not to invest directly in agriculture in the strict sense but to indirectly control upstream (machinery, seeds and so on) and downstream (processing, distribution and so on). The result of this process is that a large fraction of the peasantry (and even more of the landless peasantry) does not act as an intermediate class oscillating between bourgeoisie and proletariat but rather as a layer opposed to the multinationals and financial capital. This is why peasants often play a vanguard role in ecosocialist struggles, as seen in the action of Via Campesina. The strategic implications of this should be discussed carefully by ecosocialists.
In The German Ideology, Marx and Engels defined communism as "the real movement which abolishes the present state of things". They added that "the conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence". Because it defines "Marx's ecosocialism" as an "unfinished criticism of political economy" and underlines the general direction of its development, the works of Kahei Saito constitute a powerful invitation to ecosocialists to unite in order to debate and collaborate in the elaboration of a new eco-communist program.
[1] Kohei Saito, Karl Marx's Ecosocialism. Capital, Nature and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy, Monthly Review Press, 2017.
[2] John Bellamy Fost Marx's Ecology: Materialism and Nature, Monthly Review Press, 2000.
Ecosocialism
From COP to COP, the cataclysm draws closer
The future demands environmental justice
Was Marx an ecologist?
Facing the Apocalypse: Arguments for Ecosocialism
A Red-Green Manifesto for the 21st Century
Daniel Tanuro
Daniel Tanuro, a certified agriculturalist and eco-socialist environmentalist, writes for "La gauche", (the monthly of the LCR-SAP, Belgian section of the Fourth International). He is also the author of
Daniel Tanuro is the author of The Impossibility of Green Capitallism, (Resistance Books, Merlin and IIRE) and Le moment Trump (Demopolis, 2018).


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Evaluation of a parent-based behavioral intervention program for children with autism in a low-resource setting
Monica Juneja, Sharmila Banerjee Mukherjee, Suvasini Sharma, Rahul Jain, Biswajit Das, Philomina Sabu
Department of Pediatrics, Child Development Center, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
Date of Web Publication 28-Jun-2012
Monica Juneja
Department of Pediatrics, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi - 110002
Background: Intensive behavioral intervention programs are recommended for children with autism. However, in resource-constraint settings, such programs are largely inaccessible, and there is an urgent need for development of low-cost interventions. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of a parent-based behavioral intervention program in Indian autistic children. Materials and Methods: Sixteen children with autistic disorder undergoing the intervention for at least six months were enrolled. The mean development, social, expressive, and receptive language quotients, and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC) scores were compared before and after the intervention. Results: The average duration of therapy was 19.5±11.78 months. There was a significant improvement in the development quotient (P=0.015), social quotient (P=0.004), expressive language quotient (P=0.03), CARS (P=0.001), and ABC (P=0.014) scores. Conclusion: Parent-based behavioral intervention programs have a promising role in management of children with autism in resource-constraint settings.
Keywords: Autistic disorder, behavioral intervention, parent-based program
Juneja M, Mukherjee SB, Sharma S, Jain R, Das B, Sabu P. Evaluation of a parent-based behavioral intervention program for children with autism in a low-resource setting. J Pediatr Neurosci 2012;7:16-8
Juneja M, Mukherjee SB, Sharma S, Jain R, Das B, Sabu P. Evaluation of a parent-based behavioral intervention program for children with autism in a low-resource setting. J Pediatr Neurosci [serial online] 2012 [cited 2023 Jan 31];7:16-8. Available from: https://www.pediatricneurosciences.com/text.asp?2012/7/1/16/97612
Behavioral interventions are currently the most successful treatment for autism. [1] In low-resource settings such as India, the center-based intensive behavioral intervention programs are largely inaccessible and unaffordable to parents. As there are an estimated 2.3 million children with autistic spectrum disorder in India, there is an urgent need for development of low-cost interventions. [2] In this preliminary study, we evaluated the efficacy of a parent-based intervention program in autistic children.
This was a retrospective review of children with Autistic Disorder (AD) attending the Child Development Center (CDC) of Maulana Azad Medical College and associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi. CDC is a referral center for children with behavioral and developmental disorders. It has a team of Pediatricians, Clinical Psychologists, Speech Therapists, Special Educators, and Occupational Therapists, and provides comprehensive care to children with developmental disabilities.
For this study, children aged 6 years or less, diagnosed with AD as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 4 th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria, and undergoing regular interventions at CDC for at least last six months were enrolled. [3] Children with incomplete baseline assessments, any sensory or motor comorbidities, or receiving any other therapy (including special schools or pharmacotherapy) were excluded.
At the time of enrollment in this study, all the included children underwent repeat assessments of the parameters that were assessed at baseline. The mean scores before and after the interventions were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 11. The differences in the mean scores before and after the intervention were compared using the paired t-test. Significance was set at P value of 0.05.
The parameters assessed at baseline and at the time of enrollment in the study were as follows:
Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS): This is a 15-item behavior rating scale developed to identify children with autism and grade severity. [4]
Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC): This is a behavior checklist containing 57 items divided into five categories: sensory, body and objects, language, social, and social-help. [5]
Early Developmental Profile (EDP): This is used to assess Developmental Quotient (DQ). It assesses the development in six domains: gross motor, fine motor, cognition, language, social, and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). [6]
Vineland Social Maturity Scale: This 127-item scale assesses Social Quotient (SQ). [7]
Receptive Expressive Emergent Language Scale: This is a 186-item inventory used to assess Expressive and Receptive Language Quotients (ELQ and RLQ). [8]
Intervention protocol
The management protocol followed at CDC for children with AD involves provision of parent-based interventions in a non-structured individualized manner. The program relies on parents as sole therapists for the child, with the specialists only demonstrating to them various activities to be incorporated in their daily living at home. Initially, sessions are carried out every 2 weeks for 2-3 months followed by monthly sessions. Parents are expected to spend 45-90 minutes daily in a one-to-one setting with the child. Other family members such as siblings and grandparents, if available, are also encouraged to be part of the intervention.
An individualized program is designed for each child with the aim of training them in joint attention activities, increasing social interaction, following the basic age-appropriate rules of society in social interaction and play, developing communication and decreasing unwanted behaviors.
Principles of the Naturalistic method/Milieu method are used to create situations during the daily activities of the family, develop joint attention behaviors such as index pointing, gaze switching, showing, and holding out objects. [9] Socialization is encouraged by improving play with siblings and visits to market, neighbors, or relatives. There is a focus on development of social and communicative competence (social smile, greeting and wishing appropriately, cuddling and social orienting, facial looking, waving lifting up of arms to be picked up, etc) and communication for fulfilling daily needs. The use of play-based activities for development of joint attention behaviors, social skills, and communication, e.g. turn taking, requesting etc. is taught. Specific activities include ball play, play using toy-cars, clay, colored stones and balloons, water play, and painting and coloring. Some household utensils, clothes, vegetables, or wrappers (depending on child's interest) are also used for sorting games. Reading of picture book stories/showing pictures is explained to parents who were literate.
The focus for development of communication is on learning of simple gestures and words for communication using principles of Lovaas Applied Behavior Analysis, which are modified to the needs of the family. [10] For children with severe autism who are non-verbal, communication is focused on modification of primitive gestures to useful gestures, signs, and symbols. Pointing along with some verbal vocalization is incorporated in daily activities and in specific activities such as imitating actions and table games (matching of object to object, picture to object, etc). Simple gestures like holding up arms to be picked up and nodding of head for yes/no are also included in the repeated to-fro activities.
The parents are also trained to elicit compliance, 'waiting', and control temper tantrums. The focus is on making the child sit at one place and pay attention. The program also stresses on development of skills for activities of daily living, especially in older children with co-morbid severe Mental Retardation. The parents are given demonstration for development of independent skills such as washing, dressing, and meal time routines.
At the time of the study, 36 children aged ?6 years were on regular follow-up and therapy for last 6 months. Of these, three children had co-morbid cerebral palsy, two had vision impairment, and one had hearing impairment. Four children were on drug Risperidone and, in 10 cases, baseline assessments were incomplete. Therefore, ultimately, the data of the remaining 16 children (13 boys, 3 girls) were analyzed.
The mean age was 39.06±22.05 months. No medical etiology for autism was evident in any child. Six children belonged to the lower socioeconomic strata, while nine belonged to the middle class. Four mothers were illiterate, five had studied up to high school, and seven had college education. Fifteen children had severe autism (CARS scores >45) and one had mild-to-moderate autism (CARS scores 30-45). Co-morbid Global Developmental Delay was present in 13 (81.25%) children.
The average duration of therapy was 19.5±11.78 months. The mean scores of DQ, SQ, ELQ, RLQ, CARS, and ABC before and after the intervention are detailed in [Table 1]. Significant improvement was noted in DQ (P=0.015), SQ (P=0.004), and ELQ (P=0.03). There was a significant reduction in the CARS (P=0.001) and ABC (P=0.014) scores. Within the individual domains of developmental assessment, there was a significant improvement in scores of cognition, language, social emotional, and activities of daily living, as compared to motor function [Table 2].
Table 1: Effect of parent-based intervention on developmental and autism severity scores (n=16)
Table 2: Effect of parent-based intervention on various developmental domains (n=16)
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has evaluated a parent-based behavioral intervention program in autistic children in a low-resource setting. Intensive behavioral interventions are the cornerstones of management of autism; however, their cost is prohibitively high. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of parent-based behavioral intervention even when parents were illiterate and belonged to low socioeconomic classes.
The patients in our study showed significant improvement in autism severity as assessed by CARS, expressive language, and adaptive functions scores. Our results were similar to the study by Aldred et al. who demonstrated significant improvements in ADOS total scores and expressive language when parents were educated and trained in adapted communication tailored to their child's individual competencies. [11] Drew et al. conducted a randomized control trial of parent training intervention in preschool children and also found significant improvement in expressive language, but no significant improvement in receptive language, similar to that in our study. [12] A recent randomized-controlled trial assessed the benefit of home-based intervention program in addition to the center-based intervention. [13] There was more improvement in cognitive development and behavior in the additional home intervention group versus the control group (P=0.007).
This study has some significant drawbacks-small number of patients, lack of controls, and wide variation in the duration of intervention. However, the beneficial results are promising and may help to design a standardized parent-based behavior program for autistic children in developing countries.
The authors thank Ms. Renuka Saha, Assistant Professor, Division of Statistics, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, for help with the statistical analysis.
1. Prior M. Intensive behavioral intervention in autism. J Paediatr Child Health 2004;40:506-7.
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2. Krishnamurthy V. A clinical experience of autism in India. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2008;29:331-3.
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2000.
4. Schopler E, Reichler RJ, Renner BR. The Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Los Angeles, USA: Western Psychological Services; 2002.
5. Krug DA, Arick J, Almond P. Behavior checklist for identifying severely handicapped individuals with high levels of autistic behavior. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1980;21:221-9.
6. Mundkur N, Agarwal V, Puri M. Early developmental profile- A diagnostic manual. Bangalore: Society for Child Development; 1999.
7. Malin AJ. Indian Adaptation of Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Lucknow: Indian Psychological Corporation; 1971.
8. Bzoch KB, League R. Assessing language skills in infancy: A handbook for the multidimensional analysis of emergent language. Gainsville: The tree of life Press; 1971.
9. Goldstein H. Communication Intervention for children with autism: A review of treatment efficacy. J Autism Dev Disord 2002;32:373-96.
10. Lovaas OI. Behavioural treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. J Consult Clin Psychol 1987;55:3-9.
11. Aldred C, Green J, Adams C. A new social communication intervention for children with autism: A pilot randomized controlled treatment study suggesting effectiveness. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 2004;45:1420-30.
12. Drew A, Baird G, Baron-Cohen S, Cox A, Slonims V, Wheelwright S, et al. A pilot randomized controlled trial of a parent training intervention for preschool children with autism. Eur J Child Adolsc Psychiatr 2002;11:266-72.
13. Rickards AL, Walstab JE, Wright-Rossi RA, Simpson J, Reddihough DS. A randomized, controlled trial of a home-based intervention program for children with autism and developmental delay. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2007;28:308-16.
1 Effectiveness of interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in high-income vs. lower middle-income countries: An overview of systematic reviews and research papers from LMIC
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Frontiers in Psychiatry. 2022; 13
2 Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Low-Resource Settings: Reported Experiences and Needs of Parents in Mongolia
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3 Parent-Mediated Interventions for Children with ASD in Low-Resource Settings: a Scoping Review
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4 Autism spectrum disorder in India: a scoping review
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International Review of Psychiatry. 2021; 33(1-2): 81
5 Feasibility and Acceptability of a Synchronous Online Parent-Mediated Early Intervention for Children with Autism in a Low Resource Setting During COVID-19 Pandemic
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6 Parent mediated intervention programmes for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders in South Asia: A systematic review
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7 A randomised clinical pilot trial to test the effectiveness of parent training with video modelling to improve functioning and symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability
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8 Glocalizing project ImPACT: Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a parent-mediated social communication intervention for autism adapted to the Indian context
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9 CDC Kerala 9: Effectiveness of Low Intensity Home Based Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorder in India
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The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2014;
10 A Systematic Review of Social Communication and Interaction Interventions for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology. 2014; 3(3): 147
Juneja M
Mukherjee SB
Sharma S
Jain R
Das B
Sabu P
Autistic disorder
behavioral intervention
parent-based program
Cited by others 10


text:
I read this article and found it very interesting, thought it might be something for you. The article is called Outer Reaches – Emer Reynolds and is located at https://www.totallydublin.ie/film/film-features/outer-reaches-emer-reynolds/.
Outer Reaches – Emer Reynolds
Posted August 3, 2017 in Film Features
While watching The Farthest, a new Irish documentary about NASA's Voyager Programme, I quickly found myself flooded with ideas and images which expanded the limits of what I held to be intelligible, confronted, as I was, by questions relating to the complexion of the universe. What is the nature of Jupiter's Great Red Spot, a super-cyclone centuries old? Why doesn't the boundary of our Solar System (known as the Heliosheath) exhibit a uniform shape? Could Europa, a moon of Jupiter, support microbial life? How can the mathematics of scientists on Earth be so precise, as to measure exactly where a space probe will be a decade and a half after its launch? Best of all: would an alien civilization understand what 'music' is?
The source of the inspiration for these questions isn't fiction, but hard science: in 1977, NASA launched two probes into space, Voyager One and Voyager Two, the primary mission of each of which was to record images of Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune. Their secondary role, and the one they're still fulfilling to this day, is one of interstellar exploration. In 2013 Voyager One went beyond the bounds of our Solar System and Voyager Two isn't far behind. Moreover, each spacecraft is fitted with what is known as the Golden Record, an actual phonograph record that contains curated data about the human race, for the purpose of educating conscious beings from another planet, should they exist. The Voyager probes are then, in a very literal sense, ambassadors for humanity.
Speaking with Emer Reynolds, writer and director of the documentary and self-confessed "space geek", I find that this is someone completely at home with the mind-bending rules of cosmology. At the beginning of our conversation she casually informs me that there are two major theories concerning the expansion of our universe: "One of the theories is that it will expand and collapse, and expand and collapse, and continue in this vein for all time, but the other theory is that it will simply keep expanding. And the ultimate end of an ever-expanding universe will be that every atom in existence will be infinitely separated from every other atom."
As this snapshot of our conversation makes apparent, Reynolds is an extremely invigorating presence, with a mesmeric capacity to talk about macrophysics as easily as she does high-concept literature (she especially loves feminist science-fiction dystopias). Before I am utterly swept away by her limpid thought process, I ask her how she began in the Irish film industry, where she has been known predominantly as an award-winning editor.
"[As an undergraduate] I ended up doing Maths & Physics in Trinity, and joined the Film Society there. We were making short films, and in fact the first film I ever worked on starred Anne Enright, who went on to win a Man Booker Prize, and was directed by Alan Gilson, a well-known Irish filmmaker, colleague, and a great friend of mine… After that I just really wanted to work in film and got lucky enough to be taken on after college by the editor we got to know at that time. You learn on the job, so I started as an assistant and worked my way up… I loved it. I loved the story-telling, the aesthetic pleasure of it all. And I always wanted to direct so I directed some short dramas."
Later on in her career, after editing scores of television and feature films (including Conor McPherson's The Eclipse in 2009), Emer "got asked to co-direct Here Was Cuba with John Murray, and that was my first foray into documentary directing, which, weirdly, had never really occurred to me. I had edited loads of documentaries and directed dramas, but had never thought to direct documentaries. Which is curious, as I am extremely political, passionate and opinionated."
2013's Here Was Cuba was a documentary that interrogated the events that led to the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1968, using, amongst its many historical sources, never-before-heard recordings of conversations between President John F. Kennedy and his Defence Secretary Robert McNamara. It was an incredible undertaking, especially for someone for had never helmed a feature documentary before, but Reynolds found the whole process enthralling. "As soon as I did Here Was Cuba, I really loved it, I found my real passion. It's very stimulating, it's very creative, it's very curious, you're researching all this stuff you love."
Energized by the experience, Reynolds tells me that, afterwards, she and Murray "were discussing a number of projects, where we'd like to go next, what we'd like to do, and discovered in each other a tremendous love of space and a bit of an obsession with Voyager… We'd seen that there were TV documentaries but it had never been made on the big screen before. Amazingly… So we just started chatting about it and literally at that moment NASA announced that Voyager One had left our Solar System… So we were like 'Oh its back in the news!' I wrote it really quick, over a week or two. We started getting it out there, and we got huge interest straight away."
Having received the approbation of NASA – "they were delighted" – and applying her now-trademark exhaustive approach to research, Reynolds sought out all of those who had worked directly on the Voyager program. "We had an intense research period where we were trying to find not only everyone who was involved, as many as we could, but also the great storytellers… We went on a tour of America and just basically met loads of people involved with Voyager, trying to find someone who could really let us into their heart."
This latter aspect was key to Reynolds' vision for the film. Despite her obvious penchant for abstract reasoning and erudition, she felt instantly that The Farthest "wasn't going to be narrowly scientific – we were trying to do the whole story, the human story, the poetry." And the emotional resonances that pervade the film are striking. Sitting in the audience, listening to one of the engineers talk about the sense of grief he experienced just prior to space launch, you can't help but be moved. These NASA scientists weren't high-functioning automatons indifferent to the value of their production, they were men and women who truly loved the fruit of their labour. "My big three were: humanity, honesty and humour. We wanted to tell that story through real people, and their unbridled enthusiasm. Some of the people in the film are in their 70s, their 80s, and yet they're talking like school kids, they're talking like children about this great joyous adventure. It's so compelling."
Compelling is certainly the word for it. You can't take your eyes of the screen as the images from Voyager begin to appear, showing in striking detail the surfaces of planets which had only ever been glimpsed through telescopes, millions of miles away. Furthermore, putting distance to one side, the film exhibits time in a fascinating way, as Emer elegantly notes: "One of my favourite parts of the film is its commentary on time. On a very ordinary level you're talking about actual time, the 1970s to now, and we're saying to ourselves 'Oh, the computing power they had then, isn't it mad'. And then there's… the personalities in the film growing older, who are all young people in their 20s and 30s at the start of their careers when they're building this spacecraft. And you map them through the film, through the archive, and ultimately to the interviews. They get older, their life is passing, and they're still watching what's going on with the spacecraft. And then, there's that big cosmic time, where you're talking about this little craft, that we sent out, which will outlive us – a mote in the universe's history."
This facet of the Voyager story, its status as a vehicle for the Golden Record and thus a marker of our civilization's existence, is one that especially intrigues Reynolds: "It really matters to us, that idea. I don't know if it's a gravestone or a legacy-document, but it matters to us, the possibility that somebody might know we were here once. It's very human. And that's all to do with our art. We make books, we make films, we make songs, in order to leave a legacy. We do it with our children as well. In all these ways we say 'I was here.'" Concerning the likelihood that the Golden Record will ever transmit its message to another sentient species, Reynolds affirms that "every single interviewee, 28 of the world's smartest scientists and engineers, said that there was no doubt there were civilizations out there. The numbers simply compel it. The size of the universe, the number of galaxies within it – it's almost statistically impossible for there not to be… But, though there may be millions, even billions of civilizations out there, we may never meet them. They're too far away, in space and time."
Before we have to take leave of one another, Reynolds relates a final thought. "There were two interesting stories. One was about Jimmy Carter, who was the President at the time it was launched, and he put a message on the Golden Record which is shown at the start of the film. He said, "We are attempting to survive our own time, so that we may live into yours." Which is fantastic, really powerful. But he wouldn't record it, because he was embarrassed about his accent… As a result the Golden Record was kicked off by the General Secretary of the United Nations, Kurt Waldheim, who also made a beautiful speech. But Waldheim was subsequently revealed to have had a dark Nazi past. And this is interesting to me because, one of the criticisms levelled at the Golden Record is that it showed a very positive bias – they didn't show war, they didn't show poverty, they didn't show nuclear bombs. They themselves will admit to this, but they also laugh at the fact that, so focused were they on presenting the positive aspects of humanity, they didn't realize at the time – how could they? – that they allowed a Nazi to open the Record. So, no matter what you try to do, the truth comes out. No matter how much you try to sanitize it, we really are ourselves."
With that, Reynolds departs, and I admit, I feel somewhat bereft – the surge of arresting ideas has come to a close. But I glance up into the sky and am cheered, knowing that, somewhere out there, a piece of humanity is carrying our trace across the galaxy, further than I can readily understand. With Voyager above us, how could you feel alone? As Reynolds said, more than once: ""It's consoling that Voyager is out there."
The Farthest is in selected cinemas now. @TheFarthestFilm #TheFarthest
Words: Tom Lordan
Photo: Killian Broderick


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Ryan Sheckler took first place at Dew Tour's Pro Competition. Following close behind him were Louie Lopez in second and Ryan Decenzo in third. Peep the best photos from the day including Tiago Lemos, Cody McEntire, Sean Malto, and more.


Here's a fun one! This is a batch of 50 4 1/4" tiles that are destined for a couple of bathrooms in a house in Colorado, with all kind of cowboy and Western images. She later ordered 20 more for her kitchen.