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Photo by Mireia B L / iStock / Getty Images Plus
THE KILLINGS OF George Floyd, Ahmaud Arbery and Breonna Taylor sparked outrage and protests. These tragic events were also the impetus for many to analyze the social injustice that permeates their own circles. This introspection has impacted oncology discussions—at professional meetings, in medical journal articles, and through special reports and position statements speaking out against racial injustice.
It can be all too easy to get lost in discussions about these challenges—which exist deep in the fabric of America's origins in slavery and racism. To acknowledge these seeds of racism is one thing; to find ways to pull out racism by its roots requires concerted and sustained efforts.
While interviewing experts for a story on treatment disparities that appears in the summer issue of Cancer Today, I sought out experts who were not only tackling inequities in care, but also showing sustainable and metric-driven success. Not surprisingly, I learned there is no single straightforward formula that can eradicate systemic racism in oncology treatment. But I spoke to a number of individuals—including a medical student, an entrepreneur and the founder of a small nonprofit organization—who came to represent what I optimistically believe to be an answer: addressing these issues in our own spheres of influence.
"When I began this health equity journey, people kept saying, 'That's big. That's a lot of work.' But it's not," says Maimah Karmo, a Black breast cancer survivor and the founder of the Tigerlily Foundation, a nonprofit based in Reston, Virginia, that provides support to Black women with breast cancer. "You do one thing at a time. You have one conversation at a time. You look someone in the eye and you tell them, 'How are you going to use your strengths, your privilege?' That's how change happens."
No Time for Excuses
Shawn Johnson, a medical student at Harvard Medical School in Boston, urges leadership and health care providers to look at ways to address systemic racism in hospitals. Photo courtesy Shawn Johnson
Shawn Johnson, a Black medical student at Harvard Medical School in Boston, notes that health care providers can shy away from addressing health inequity issues right in front of them. The excuse used by many to mask their complacency is "It's too complicated," he says. Johnson spoke on this topic at a summit on breast cancer disparities in 2019. In that presentation, Johnson described the lengthy measures he took to get a pharmacy to translate prescribing directions for patients who were deemed noncompliant, when in fact they lacked instructions in their own language on how to take their medications. His persistence paid off, but it took effort and desire on his part.
Johnson has also spoken about the history of medical mistreatment of African Americans in the U.S. It's not enough to call out injustices we see in the broader world, he says. We must also look within our own communities and workplaces. "Health care professionals have become increasingly comfortable calling out issues related to police brutality or the actions of the federal government, but too many people with power avoid speaking publicly about the business practices of their own institutions where they have legitimate influence," says Johnson, adding that segregation in hospital care persists because many underserved patients only have access to certain hospitals.
Johnson, who worked in a laboratory prior to starting medical school, earned his undergraduate degree in biochemistry and biophysics. As someone educated in basic science, he sometimes becomes frustrated by the lack of metrics to gauge the success of anti-racism efforts, and the abundance of anti-racism public statements without actionable steps. For him, there is no such thing as halfway. "You either decide that you are committed to anti-racism work, which means that you're going to do difficult things and make sacrifices, or you're not," he says. "But you can't be committed to anti-racism work and not be willing to do stuff that is not just difficult, but it's actually very, very difficult."
Examples of complacency persist, Johnson says, noting that presentations at major medical conferences include research studies that are not representative of all races and ethnicities. He points out that medical sessions very rarely delve into financial toxicity, which can have debilitating consequences for patients and their families and increase disparities further. These omissions offer permission for injustice to persist in health care: "We don't talk about how every year at conferences, people present clinical trials with pretty much entirely white patients in that study. And by letting it happen, we're saying that's just a thing that we're just OK with," he says.
A Systems Approach
Fueled by her experiences with breast cancer and her outrage at the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 on Black and Brown people, Sylvie Leotin launched a company to develop a training program to increase empathy and reduce bias in cancer care. Photo courtesy of Sylvie Leotin
Confronting systemic racism requires a look at the health systems in place—systems that were built by white people to meet the needs of white people, says Sylvie Leotin, a breast cancer survivor, former gold-medal ballerina and engineering economist who lives in Menlo Park, California. After she was diagnosed with breast cancer in 2018, she noticed that there weren't any Black patients besides her in the waiting room—even though the hospital where she was being treated was not far from communities of color. During treatments, she felt her health care providers were disconnected from her lived experience—and the experiences of most cancer patients. When she saw the disproportionate incidence rates of COVID-19 and death rates from the disease on Black and Brown people, she decided to change her purpose. She started a company, Equify Health, which has recently been awarded a $750,000 grant from Genentech to work in collaboration with Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta to develop training to increase empathy and reduce bias in cancer care. The program will be piloted at Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University and Grady Memorial Hospital, both in Atlanta.
"The whole health care system is designed with tools and processes that were built to meet the needs of white patients," says Leotin. "It doesn't take into consideration the fact that the lived experience of Black patients is different from the lived experience of white patients, due to systemic racism. This is what I would like to change." Leotin will interview patients with the goal of developing a training program that is rooted in the real lived experiences of Black patients. "It's really about empathy," she says, which requires making the effort to see the full person and being aware of biases.
Addressing Community Change
Angela "Jersi" Baker, a metastatic breast cancer survivor, continued to provide rides to patients so they could get to appointments, even at the beginning of the pandemic. Photo by Jakai Baker
There are other people implementing small-scale efforts not fueled by grants, but by donations and a desire to make an impact in their own communities. Angela "Jersi" Baker, a Black metastatic breast cancer survivor, knows that many patients face additional hurdles beyond their cancer, including the barrier of getting to medical appointments for treatments and scans. Seeing a chance to make a difference, she founded Angel in Disguise, a nonprofit that provides rides to cancer patients for medical appointments in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Despite her diagnosis and the potential risk of exposure to the coronavirus, Baker knew patients needed her support, so she kept driving those patients to appointments at the beginning of the pandemic. "When COVID first started, they told me as a stage IV breast cancer patient that I really shouldn't be doing that," she says. "But I just prayed to God, put on my mask and kept pushing because cancer doesn't stop. You can't delay your treatment because that turns into a domino effect on things."
Despite the growing commitment of individuals and greater emphasis on disparities research, some also worry that the movement might fall short: The problem, according to Johnson, is that the energy generated by the events of last year could dissipate. "The way the energy gets allocated isn't always logical and isn't always meaningful," he says, adding that there's a risk that "we continue to not talk about the actual things that we actually do control and can change."
But Johnson continues to elevate the dialogue along with many others. In fact, he's currently working on a language-concordant outreach program to re-engage patients who missed their mammograms because of the pandemic. As these actions and dialogues continue to take place, hopes ride high that individual efforts will lead to a tipping point to make health equity more than a far-off ideal.
Marci A. Landsmann is the senior editor of Cancer Today.
Cancer Today magazine is free to cancer patients, survivors and caregivers who live in the U.S. Subscribe here to receive four issues per year.
Going Flat Most people who opt out of breast reconstruction are satisfied with their decision but are not always supported by their surgeons. Breaking Down Barriers Cancer researcher Vicky Forster draws from her own experience with childhood leukemia to emphasize patient voices in cancer research.
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If you haven't dived lately or you are recently qualified diver, this course will help you to refresh and tune up the concepts and the skills of this addictive sport.
On- assembly and disassembly of the scuba unit.
Some basic skills in the pool.
And getting you comfortable again using scuba.
From the pool we go to the equipment room, assemble our kit, do our dive briefing and then is on to the beach to do a shore entry for our orientation dive on our house reef in reasonably shallow depth for 40 -45 mins.
If you prefer, alternative boat dives are also available.
Certification fee and materials included on the price.


MeegoPad T01 was one of the first Intel Atom Bay Trail-T TV sticks, announced and released well before Intel's own Compute Stick, but it initially sold without a proper Windows 8.1 license, although some sellers would sell with an activated version for $25 to $30 more. The company has launched the second version, MeegoPad T02, with either a properly licensed/validated Windows 8.1 with Bing for $109, or an Ubuntu version (or Windows 8.1 non validated) for $90, both prices including shipping.
Power Supply – 5V/2A via micro USB port.
Two full-sized USB ports, instead of just one.
T02 should also be slightly larger (4mm extra) compared to T01. The seller for he $90 version mentions "This link is Unbutu OS, or Non-Activated Windows 8.1 OS with Bing,Trail Version. Based Factory Final Decision.", so I assume they did not work on an Ubuntu port at all, they may just decide to install Ubuntu or an unlicensed version of Windows 8.1 with Bing as they see fit, but of course I hope I'm proven wrong.
The Aliexpress page for $109 version says activated version for extra $25 in one spot and that it comes with Pro Trial version, but then elsewhere in the page says its included. It also mentions that is dual boot Android….any info on that?
How about the HDMI audio? Is it working?
I just got the T01 for $100 for 1 month and then this came out. FML.
@Sam Butler that's strange because we confirmed with MeegoPad that the T02 will come with official Windows license. This is different from the T01 which came with a trial version.
@Chinavasion good to know. Have you heard about dual booting on this at all?
Was a Bios update released for the T01 to fix the backspacing problem in the boot loaders and the UEFI console?
How is the website of this manufacturer? Can you download the sources of the OS? Thanks!
So why make a pre-sales order and after tell me that "item is out of stock now"? Thanks gearbest, first and last time ill buy something from your website.
We are now testing the item (QC check) for you.
Please kindly wait 3-5 days for the order to be shipped.
I have the T02 – WARNING _ the windows is NOT activated, and there is no product key.
I just bricked my Meegopad T02 after Windows updates. Somehow, it failed while updating, and there was some notice screen on the BIOS (which I forgot what the notice says), I clicked OK and now I only got black screen.
Does anyone know how to factory reset my T02 or make it alive again?


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Declaration of King James II, April 17, 1693
The text was anonomously printed presumably at London in 1693 (Wing, 2nd ed., J217A).
Whereas we are most sensible that nothing has contributed so much to our misfortunes, and our people's miseries, as the false and malitious calumnies of our enemies, therefore we have always been, and still are most willing to condescend to such things as, after mature deliberation, we have thought most proper for removing thereof, and most likely to give the fullest satisfaction and clearest prospect of the greatest security to all ranks and degrees of our people. And because we desire rather to be beholding to our subjects' love to us, than to any other expedient whatever, for our restoration, we have thought fit to let them know beforehand our royal and sincere intentions, and that whenever our people's united desires and our circumstances give us the opportunity to come and assert our right, we will come with the declaration that follows.
When we reflect upon the calamities of our kingdoms, we are not willing to leave anything unattempted whereby we may reconcile our subjects to their duty. And though we cannot enter into all the particulars of grace and goodness which we shall be willing to grant, yet we do hereby assure all our loving subjects that they may depend upon everything that their own representatives shall offer to make our kingdoms happy. For we have set it before our eyes as our noblest aim to do yet more for their constitution than the most renowned of our ancestors, and, as our chiefest interest, to leave no umbrage for jealousy in relation to religion, liberty, and property.
And to encourage all our loving subjects of what degree of quality soever to set their hearts and hands to the perfecting of so good a work, and to unite themselves in this only means of establishing the future peace and prosperity of these kingdoms, we have thought fit to publish and declare that on our part we are ready and willing wholly to lay aside all thoughts of animosity or resentment for what is past, desiring nothing more than that it should be buried in perpetual oblivion; and do therefore by this our declaration, under our great seal, solemnly promise our free pardon and indemnity to all our loving subjects of what degree or quality soever who shall not be land or sea oppose us and those we shall think necessary to accompany our own person in this just attempt to recover our right; or (in such a number of days after our landing as we shall hereafter express) shall not resist them who in amy part of our dominions shall according to their duty assert and maintain the justice of our cause, beseeching God to incline the hearts of our people that all effusion of blood may be prevented, and righteousness and mercy take place. And for that end, we further promise to all such as shall come to and assist us, that we will reward them according to their respective degrees and merits.
We do further declare that we will with all speed call together the representative body of our kingdom, and therein will inform ourselves what are the united interests and inclinations of our people, and with their concurrence will be ready to redress all their grievances and give all those securities of which they shall stand in need.
We likewise declare upon our royal word that we will protect and defend the Church of England as it is now established by law, and secure to the members of it, all the churches, universities, colleges, and schools, together with their immunities, rights, and privileges.
We also declare, we will with all earnestness recommend to that Parliament such an impartial liberty of conscience as they shall think necessary for the happiness of these nations.
We further declare, we will not dispense with or violate the Test. And, as for the dispensing power in other matters, we leave it to be explained and limited by that Parliament.
We declare also that we will give our royal assent to all such bills as are necessary to secure the frequent calling and holding of parliaments, the free elections and fair returns of members, and provide for impartial trials; and that we will ratify and confirm all such laws made under the present usurpation as shall be tendered to us by that parliament.
And in that parliament we will also consent to everything they shall think necessary to re-establish the late Act of Settlement of Ireland made in the reign of our dearest brother; and will advise with them how to recompense such of that nation as have followed us to the last and who may suffer by the said re-establishment according to the degree of their sufferings thereby, yet so as that the said Act of Settlement may always remain entire.
And, if chimney money or any other part of the revenue of the Crown has been burdensome to our subjects, we shall be ready to exchange it for any other assessment that shall be thought more easy.
Thus we have sincerely declared our royal intentions in terms we think necessary for settling our subjects' minds, and according to the advice and intimations we have received from great numbers of our loving subjects of all ranks and degrees, who have adjusted the manner of our coming to regain our own right, and to relieve our people from oppression and slavery.
After this, we suppose it will not be necessary to enumerate the tyrannical violations and burdens with which our kingdoms have been oppressed and are now like to be destroyed.
And whereas our enemies endeavour to affright our subjects with the apprehensions of great sums which must be repaid to France, we positively assure them that our dearest brother the Most Christian King expects no other compensation for what he has done for us than merely the glory of having succoured an injured prince.
We only add that we come to vindicate our own right and to establish the liberties of our people. And may God give us success in the prosecution of the one, as we sincerely intend the confirmation of the other.
Given at St. Germains en Laye, April 17, 1693, N.S., and in the ninth year of our reign.
© Noel S. McFerran 2003.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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328 F. 2d 300 - Sunbeam Lighting Company v. Pacific Associated Lighting Incorporated
328 F2d 300 Sunbeam Lighting Company v. Pacific Associated Lighting Incorporated
140 U.S.P.Q. 512
SUNBEAM LIGHTING COMPANY, Appellant,
PACIFIC ASSOCIATED LIGHTING INCORPORATED and Mitchell
Bobrick, also known as'Mitch' Bobrick, Appellees.
United States Court of Appeals Ninth Circuit.
Feb. 14, 1964, Rehearing Denied March 17, 1964.
Mason & Graham, and Collins Mason, Los Angeles, Cal., A. Donham Owen, San Francisco, Cal., and Mitchell & Gold, Beverly Hills, Cal., for appellant.
Mellin, Hanscom & Hursh and Jack E. Hursh, San Francisco, Cal., for appellees.
Before MADDEN, Judge of the Court of Claims, and BROWNING and DUNIWAY, Circuit Judges.
MADDEN, Judge:
The United States District Court for the Northern District of California, Southern Division, granted summary judgments in favor of the defendants, dismissing both of the two causes of action of the plaintiff. In this opinion the parties are referred to in their respective postures in the district court, i.e., the appellant is called plaintiff and the appellees, defendants.
The plaintiff sued the defendants for unfair competition and for infringement of the plaintiff's design patent, the complaint stating two separate causes of action. The first cause of action, for unfair competition, would not, of itself, be cognizable in a federal court. However, Title 28 of the United States Code, 1338(b), provides:
'The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of any civil action asserting a claim of unfair competition when joined with a substantial and related claim under the copyright, patent or trade-mark laws.'
The plaintiff relies upon that statutory provision to justify its inclusion, in this federal court proceeding, of its first cause of action, the one for unfair competition.
We consider first the cause of action for patent infringement. The plaintiff has a design patent for a combined hospital and bed light fixture and service outlet control panel. This being a design patent, the only monopoly which is or could be claimed by the plaintiff on account of its patent is a monopoly of the design or ornamentation of the plaintiff's device. The manufacture by another of a device merely containing the same functional elements as the plaintiff's device, but without copying the design, would not be an infringement, since the plaintiff has no patent upon any of the functional elements.
This court, in the case of Reachi v. Edmond, 9 Cir., 277 F.2d 850, at 852 stated the test for determining whether a design patent had been infringed, as follows:
'* * * if, in the eye of an ordinary observer, giving such attention as a purchaser usually gives, two designs are substantially the same, if the resemblance is such as to deceive such an observer, inducing him to purchase one supposing it to be the other, the first one patented is infringed by the other.'
The plaintiff's device, the design of which the defendants are accused of infringing, is a rectangular fixture about six feet six inches long, seven inches high and of a depth varying from eight inches at the top to three inches at the bottom, to be placed on the wall of a hospital room at the head of the patient's bed. As one looks at the fixture, some four feet of the length of it at its left end consists of a space, enclosed by a plastic covering, for long fluorescent light tubes for the general lighting of the room, and below this space a cupboard or recess into or against which two separate light fixtures, attached to the ends of hinged arms, can be pushed or folded when the light fixtures are not extended and in use. The rest of the length of the rectangular device, occupying two feet of its length at its right hand end, is a so-called 'console,' a flat surface in which are located outlets for the various services necessary or convenient to have readily available in a hospital room. These are electric outlets, an oxygen outlet, a grille for a loud speaker, a microphone, a television plug-in outlet. These various outlets, which would otherwise be located at various places in the walls or floors of hospital rooms, are thus brought together in one convenient place in a sightly fixture. The lights in the recess which occupies the left hand part of the fixture can, as we have said, be pulled out on their hinged arms. One of them is a reading lamp which the patient can place in a position convenient to him. The other is an examination light for the doctor, with longer arms so that it can be positioned over any part of the patient's body.
The application for the design patent now owned by the plaintiff showed, in figure 1, a front view of the entire fixture, there being nothing interrupting the front surface except the two adjustable lamps folded back against the front of the recess into which their arms are folded. Figures 2, 3 and 4 are a top view, a left end view and a right end view of the entire device. These views merely show shapes surrounded by lines. Figure 5 shows a front view of the fixture, with the arms, which carry the lamps, extended. Figure 6 is a top view showing those arms somewhat farther extended. The printed matter on the patent describes it as:
'The ornamental design for a combined hospital bed light fixture and service outlet control panel, as shown.
There is no claim in the patent papers except the claim to the ornamental design 'as shown' in the patent drawings. One does not infringe such a design patent unless he makes what is, at least substantially, an imitation of the design shown in the patent drawings. Reachi v. Edmond, C.A. 9, 277 F.2d 850, 853.
The defendants' fixture, accused by the plaintiff of infringement, serves the same over-all purpose as the plaintiff's fixture. It brings together, in a hospital room, all the various outlets which are necessary or convenient for the service of the patient. It has its panel board for the service outlets in the left hand part of its length. The arrangement of these outlets is not at all similar to the arrangement on the plaintiff's panel. The right hand portion of the defendants' fixture contains, at the top, a light for illuminating the room, and in the bottom of the space, a light tube behind a concave glass or plastic surface. This is the reading light for the patient. There are no extendable lights or hinged arms, and no recess to receive folded arms when they are not extended. The doctor's examination light in the defendants' fixture is a flash light which pulls out from the panel board on an extendable cord.
The trial judge, having before him the regular commercial embodiments of the fixtures of the parties, made findings XI and XII as follows:
'That the over-all design of the 'Consolite' fixture manufactured and sold by defendant, Pacific Associated Lighting Incorporated, is not the same nor is it substantially similar to the design claimed in the patent in suit, and one fixture could not be confused for the other.
'That when the patented and accused designs are viewed as a whole there is no 'identity of appearance' and there exists no 'sameness of effect' such as to deceive an intelligent purchaser.
This court had before it at the argument of this appeal the same embodiments of the competing devices which were before the district judge. We are in complete agreement with his findings quoted above. We therefore affirm his dismissal, with prejudice, of the plaintiff's cause of action for infringement of the plaintiff's design patent.
As we have seen, the plaintiff's first cause of action was for alleged unfair competition, and the ground upon which it could be brought in a federal court, rather than a state court, was the ground stated in Section 1338(b) of Title 28 United States Code, quoted supra herein. In the instant case the district court, having, on the defendants' motion for summary judgment, dismissed with prejudice the plaintiff's second cause of action, the one relating to alleged infringement of the plaintiff's patent, decided that it lacked jurisdiction over the plaintiff's first cause of action, the one for unfair competition. It therefore dismissed the plaintiff's first cause of action, without prejudice, for lack of jurisdiction.
On January 31, 1964, this court, in the case of Wham-O-Mfg. Co. v. Paradise Manufacturing Co., 9 Cir., 327 F.2d 748, took a position on this problem differing from that taken by the district court in the instant case. In Wham-O-Mfg. Co., as in our instant case, there was a count for patent infringement, joined with a count for unfair competition. The district court, on the defendants' motion for summary judgment, granted summary judgment on the claim based on the patent. It then, sua sponte, dismissed the claim for unfair competition. This court concluded that the district court had dismissed the latter claim because it regarded its dismissal of the patent claim as having deprive it of jurisdiction to adjudicate the unfair competition claim.
This court concluded that the district court in Wham-O-Mfg. Co. had not been automatically deprived of its jurisdiction of the unfair competition claim by its dismissal of the patent claim. It held that jurisdiction remains in the district court in such cases and that, in certain circumstances, the district court should retain and decide the unfair competition claim. It cited Telechron, Inc. v. Parissi, 197 F.2d 757 (2d Cir.) in which there had been sixteen days of trial during which the plaintiff had adduced evidence covering both the federal and non-federal claims, as an example of a case in which the dismissal of the non-federal claim, for lack of jurisdiction, would be useless waste of energy already spent by the court. But this court held in Wham-O-Mfg. Co. that, the district court having dismissed the federal claim on a motion for summary judgment, and no time nor energy having been devoted to the taking of testimony in the case, that court, in the exercise of a sound discretion, would have had no choice but to dismiss the unfair competition claim, without prejudice to the plaintiff's right, if it should so elect, to bring suit on that claim in a state court. This court, therefore, affirmed the district court's dismissal of the unfair competition claim.
Our case is just like the Wham-O-Mfg. Co. case in the respect discussed above. The district court dismissed the non-federal claim because it thought that its dismissal of the federal claim automatically left it without jurisdiction over the non-federal one. In so thinking, the district court was in error. But as this court concluded in Wham-O-Mfg. Co., we conclude here that an exercise by the district court of a sound discretion would have resulted in its dismissing the non-federal claim. It therefore reached the correct result.
The judgments of the district court are in all respects affirmed.


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The Mackay Rowing Club is a non-profit organisation with over 50 members that is affiliated with Queensland Rowing Limited. It caters for Adults and Secondary school students, with learn to row, recreational and competitive rowing options offered. The club is affiliated with several schools in the area and provides a school rowing program in conjunction with the club and a school coordinator. Our rowing calendar outlines the opportunities to compete in regattas, locally, regional Queensland, nationally and internationally. All are welcome to come along and join the club.
Members of the Club are covered by insurance, through Rowing Queensland. A copy of the policy is available from the office or Rowing Queensland. Any Club member who is concerned about the nature of the policy cover should read the policy. You must be a financial Club member to be covered by Rowing Queensland insurance.
Members competing in any regattas will be charged seat fees per race.
All members competing competitively will need to purchase a zootie in club colours. A number of these are available to purchase directly from the club.
All new members are encouraged to come along on Sunday mornings from 6am. They will be provided with a club orientation and mentored by existing members.
Proficient rowers are able to acquire shed keys and row whenever they are able. There are a number of regular Seniors who row each morning from 5am onwards.
Coaching is offered (free of charge) by several club members who have acquired Level 1 and 2 coaching certification.
Our rowing course runs south from the Bridge at Balnagowan for 5km to the Weir. Members complete a variety of circuits based on fitness and time schedules.
A number of informal training sessions are generated depending on the time of year and what regatta events are upcoming.


Fabulous Center Hall Colonial Has Best Of Everything: Old Westbury Address & Access To Prestigious E. Williston Schools. Has New "Never Been Used" Modern Kitchen W/ Quartz Countertops, New Ss Appliances & New Flooring! Freshly Painted 4 Bed (Many W/ New Carpet), 2 Bath Home W/2 Car Garage Gives 2,400 Sq Ft Of Living & Storage Space. Enjoy Lr W/Wood Burning Fp And Maturely Landscaped 0.5 Acre Yard. Rare Benefit: Zoned Residential & Commercial!
Old Westbury. Spectacular New Construction In The Heart Of Old Westbury. This Stately 6-Bedroom, 5.5-Bath Home Is Set On Over 2 Flat Acres Of Landscaped Lawns. With Its Own Captivating Character, It Features An Open Layout W/Lots Of Natural Light Shining Through, All High-End Appliances & Finishes Throughout, Guest Quarters, Eik W/Butler Pantry And Plenty More! Must-See!
New Construction. Magnificent 7600Sq Ft Brick Manor Home On Over 2 Park-Like Acres In The Famed Jericho School District. Total Of 6 Brs, 5.5 Bths. Soaring Ceilings. Elegant Millwork And Paneling Throughout. House Currently Under Construction. Still Time To Customize.


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Cultural Theory
HIV & AIDS Studies
LGBTI & Queer Studies
Sex Industry and Pornography
Non Fiction > HIV & AIDS Studies
Author: SHILTS RANDY
Upon it's first publication twenty years ago, "And The Band Played" on was quickly recognized as a masterpiece of investigatve reporting. An international bestseller, a nominee for the National Book Critics Circle Award, and made into a critically acclaimed movie, Shilt... read more
Big Bunches at the Jam Factory
Author: Keith Paulusse
The early 1980s witnessed the rise of a devastating disease that would kill millions worldwide, including thousands of young gay men: what would become known as the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In those dark days, Keith Paulusse transformed his South Yarra flower shop, Bi... read more
Positive Images - Gay Men and HIV/AIDS in the Popular Culture of 'Post Crisis'
Author: Dion Kagan
A tidal wave of panic surrounded homosexuality and AIDS in the 1980s and 1990s, during what was commonly termed "The AIDS Crisis." Since the advent of antiretroviral drugs, however, the connotations of HIV/AIDS have ch... read more
$123.00(AUD) inc GST
Take Me to Paris, Johnny (Text Classic)
Author: Peter Craven (Introduction by); John Rickard (Afterword by); John Foster
Gay Male & Bi Biography
Series: Text Classics Ser.
John Foster's moving yet unsentimental account of the life of his partner, Juan Cespedes. In 1981 the young Cuban dancer Juan is a struggling dancer in NYC. There he meets John, an Australian historian. The two live in New York, where Juan tries to ma... read more
Tell Me I'm Okay: A Doctor's Story
Author: David Bradford
Series: Biography Ser.
'Throughout my years of practice, people have often asked me why I decided to specialise in sexual health. The question is not surprising given that sexual health doctors are not held in the same regard as those who work in other medical specialties ... ... read more
The Chimp and the River - How AIDS Emerged from an African Forest
Author: David Quammen
The real story of AIDS - how it originated with a virus in a chimpanzee, jumped to one human and infected more than 60 million people - is very different from what most of us think we know. Recent research has revealed dark surpr... read more
The Nearness of Others: Searching for Tact and Contact in the Age of HIV
Author: David Caron
"Funny how a gay man's hand resting heavily on your shoulder used to say let's fuck but now means let's not. Funny how ostensible nearness really betrays distance sometimes." —from... read more
Thing of Beauty: The Tragedy of Supermod
Author: Stephen Fried
General Biography and Memoir
At age seventeen, Gia Carangi was working the counter at her father's Philadelphia luncheonette, Hoagie City. Within a year, Gia was one of the top models of the late 1970's, gracing the covers of Cosmopolitan and Vogue, partying at New York... read more
Under the Red Ribbon: Thirty Years of the Victorian Aids Council
Author: Fiona Poulton, Lucy Bracey, Katherine


Are Stock Markets Efficient or Not?
300 million responses later I am no less daunted. This question is one of the most widely debated investing questions.
The "semi strong form" of the EMH includes the weak form and adds that stock prices also adjust rapidly to the release of all new public information. Practically, this means that stock prices adjust so quickly to information that investors can't profit from technical analysis (analyzing past stock price trends and movements) or even from fundamental analysis.
The third type of the EMH, the "strong form" includes the weak and semi strong and adds on insider information. If the markets were "strong form" efficient, then investors couldn't profit from securing insider information. We know that markets are not "strong form" efficient because it is so widely accepted that investors can profit from insider information, that it is illegal to trade on insider information.
So we've ruled out the possibility that markets are "strong form" efficient, but are they weak or semi-strong form efficient?
Read: What to Do Now That Markets Are Peaking? Should I Sell Stocks Now?
During stock market bubbles, such as in the late 1990's stock average PE (price earnings) ratios sky rocket driving prices way above fair value as defined by companies' underlying business models. Shiller was among the forecasters who warned us about overvalued assets during the dot com boom and the more recent housing price bubble of the middle of last decade.
1. Momentum– A stock going up in price usually continues to go up (or down) even past the point of "fair value".
2. Value Stocks-Lower valued stocks usually appreciate more than over valued stocks.
3. Small Cap Stocks-Small cap stocks usually outperform larger capitalization stocks.
4. The January Effect-Stocks usually go up in January.
But, do these anomalies disprove the efficient market hypothesis or are there logical explanations that explain the incidence of out performance other than the fact the markets are not efficient?
The Investor's Business Daily founder, William O'Neil is a big proponent in the momentum approach and it is true that for a period, stocks do seem to continue moving in the same direction. Frequently, investors overreact to a positive or negative news incident causing the company's stock price to deviates from fair value. The problem with making an outsized gain, above that predicted by markets, is persistency.
Can an investor, over time, beat the EMH by investing in momentum stocks? It is unlikely, because at some point, momentum stops and share price returns to fair value. A successful momentum investor must be correct twice; when to buy in and when to sell.
Small stocks usually grow faster than large stocks. Practically speaking, if a company sells $10 billion per year, in order to grow 10% they would need to sell $100 million more in the next year. That's a lot of sales.
At the end of the the year, many investors sell stocks with losses in order to benefit from the capital loss on their taxes. Thus, in January, they buy back stocks to remain in the markets. Simple explanation for the January effect.
Can investors outperform markets over the long term without taking outsized risk (or without being overly lucky) and continue to beat the markets year after year?
After decades of investing in the markets, picking stocks, and index funds, I'm convinced that over the long term an index fund approach, in line with one's risk tolerance is the most effective way to invest. A passive index fund investing strategy is easy to implement and market returns are good.
Click: for a DIY investing platform, with portfolio management guidance.
Stocks have averaged about 9% over the last 80 years or so and bonds about 5%.
If you do want to try to outperform the markets, go with indexing for the majority of your portfolio and invest 10 to 15% of your financial assets with an active strategy.
1. SEP IRA versus Solo 401(k); Which is Better?
2. Should I Pay off my Mortgage or Invest in the Stock Market?
What is your opinion? Are markets efficient or not? Do you use index funds or actively manage your investments?
I don't think all the factors are priced in immediately which means that they are not efficient. I think the market is always lagging, it's lagging less than before because more information is readily available. Technical analysts will argue that all they need to do is look at a Chart to determine direction, I don't think that's the case.
I am a big fan of index funds although I use some sector funds and individual stocks to balance out my portfolio. My sector funds and individual stocks are used for growth and less volatile than other choices.
I'm much honored you picked my question. What an excellent explanation! Thanks for taking time to address this very complex topic, Barb!
@Nick, Actually, a research study which looked at how quickly stock prices reacted to an earnings surprise showed that there was a big jump in price immediately after the earnings announcement, but the stock price continued to move in the same direction for up to three months after the announcement, giving investors some time to get in (or out) on the trend.
@Krantcents- A bit of both, that's covering your bets.
I studied this when getting an MBA in finance, and think it's a more challenging question than meets the eye. Your write up is really good.
Ultimately, for the average investor, your suggestion makes sense to me – in terms index funds. After all, many if not the majority of actively managed funds tend to underperform index funds after factoring in costs.
Are Stock Markets Efficient? They're more efficient then I'll ever be!
@Ray, My portfolio is almost all index funds and I'm selling any remaining individual stocks I hold from years ago!
The inefficiencies of the market may allow some people to outperform beyond just dumb luck, but certainly not me. (I thought I could using momentum in the late 90s but got hit pretty hard in 2000.) I am now perfectly happy with market returns minus cost.
I would have to say markets could be much more efficient than they currently are. High frequency trading and insider trading have the effect of draining shareholder equity from the market and serve no other purpose in my book.
10 – 15 % with an active strategy is very good advice. I see novice investors getting burnt because they invest 100% of their capital in active strategies with high volatility, when things are going well they get incredibly rich and when things go wrong they lose money and panic sell. I have 50% of my money in Fixed Term Deposits, 10% in Dividend Aristocrats UK, 10% in Dividend Aristocrat US and the remainder scattered between Peer to Peer, Index Funds and Property. Great advice, thanks for sharing.
@Bryce-You are not alone. Many (including Nobel prize winners and well known economists)well respected financial professionals support an indexed based approach to investing.
@Paul-The easy access to information may be a blessing or a curse, depends upon the circumstances. I agree that it's tough to beat any market inefficiencies. Hopefully, insider trading laws deter!
@Nick, Sounds like you have a well thought out conservative portfolio. What factors led you to this allocation?
Barbara, this topic leads me in loops all day as well, and I agree it is not easy to make a quick determination one way or the other.
I've often read that ideas that sound great on paper don't lead to beating the market in practice in the long-run.
I did find one study, however, that showed some investors can do better than average somewhat consistently. It is a paper called "Can Individual Investors Beat the Market?" from the Harvard University School of Finance.
If one can beat markets consistently with a reasonable effort without taking on excess returns, I'd certainly like to hear about it. Bill, thanks for weighing in.


text:
'use strict';

import {Card, Suits} from '../models/cards/card';
import {DeckedCard} from '../models/cards/deckedCard';
import {ShengjiGameState} from '../models/statemachines/shengjiGameState';
import {ShengjiPredicates as Predicates} from './shengjiPredicates';

type DCCmpFunc = (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => number;

export class ShengjiCompare {

  /*
   Type: (ShengjiGameState, DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int
   */
  static compareDominantCards(shengjiGameState: ShengjiGameState,
                              deckedCard1: DeckedCard,
                              deckedCard2: DeckedCard): number {
    // Jokers
    // Rank
    // Same Suit
    const compareByJokerFunc: DCCmpFunc =
      ShengjiCompare.getDivideAndCompareFunc(
        Predicates.isJoker,
        (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) =>
          ShengjiCompare.compareDominantNonJokerCards(
            shengjiGameState,
            dc1,
            dc2
          ),
        ShengjiCompare.compareJokerCards
      );
    return compareByJokerFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
  }

  /*
   Type: (ShengjiGameState, DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int
   */
  static compareDominantNonJokerCards(shengjiGameState: ShengjiGameState,
                                      deckedCard1: DeckedCard,
                                      deckedCard2: DeckedCard): number {
    if (shengjiGameState.dominantCard === null) {
      throw new Error('dominant Card not exist');
    } else {
      const currentRank: number = shengjiGameState.currentRank;
      if (currentRank === 14) {
        return ShengjiCompare.compareSameSuitDeckedCards(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
      } else {
        const compareFunc: DCCmpFunc =
          ShengjiCompare.getDivideAndCompareFunc( deckedCard => {
              return Predicates.isDominantRank(shengjiGameState, deckedCard);
            },
            (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => {
              return ShengjiCompare.compareSameSuitDeckedCards(dc1, dc2);
            },
            (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => {
              const dominantCard: Card = shengjiGameState.dominantCard as Card;
              if (dominantCard.suit === Suits.Joker) {
                const internalCompareFunc: (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => number =
                  ShengjiCompare.getHierarchicalCompareFunc([
                    (ddc1: DeckedCard, ddc2: DeckedCard) => {
                      return ShengjiCompare.compareNumber(
                        ddc1.card.suit,
                        ddc2.card.suit
                      );
                    },
                    (ddc1: DeckedCard, ddc2: DeckedCard) => {
                      return ShengjiCompare.compareNumber(
                        ddc1.deckNo,
                        ddc2.deckNo
                      );
                    }
                  ]);
                return internalCompareFunc(dc1, dc2);
              } else {
                const internalCompareFunc: DCCmpFunc =
                  ShengjiCompare.getDivideAndCompareFunc( deckedCard =>
                      Predicates.isDominantRank(shengjiGameState, deckedCard),
                    ShengjiCompare.compareNonDominantCards,
                    ShengjiCompare.getDivideAndCompareFunc( deckedCard => {
                        return dominantCard.suit === deckedCard.card.suit;
                      },
                      (ddc1: DeckedCard, ddc2: DeckedCard) => {
                        return ShengjiCompare.compareNonDominantCards(ddc1, ddc2);
                      },
                      (ddc1: DeckedCard, ddc2: DeckedCard) => {
                        return ShengjiCompare.compareNumber(ddc1.deckNo, ddc2.deckNo);
                      }
                    )
                  );
                return internalCompareFunc(dc1, dc2);
              }
            }
          );
        return compareFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
      }
    }
  }

  /*
   Type: (DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int
   */
  static compareJokerCards(deckedCard1: DeckedCard, deckedCard2: DeckedCard) {
    const compareFunc: DCCmpFunc =
      ShengjiCompare.getHierarchicalCompareFunc([
        (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => {
          return ShengjiCompare.compareNumber(dc1.card.rank, dc2.card.rank);
        },
        (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => {
          return ShengjiCompare.compareNumber(dc1.deckNo, dc2.deckNo);
        }
      ]);
    return compareFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
  }

  /*
   Type: (DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int
   */
  static compareNonDominantCards(deckedCard1, deckedCard2) {
    // Also applicable to Jokers
    const compareFunc: DCCmpFunc =
      ShengjiCompare.getHierarchicalCompareFunc([
        (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => {
          return ShengjiCompare.compareNumber(dc1.card.suit, dc2.card.suit);
        },
        ShengjiCompare.compareSameSuitDeckedCards
      ]);
    return compareFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
  }

  /*
   Type: (int, int) => int
   */
  static compareNumber(num1: number, num2: number): number {
    if (num1 < num2) {
      return -1;
    } else if (num1 > num2) {
      return 1;
    } else {
      return 0;
    }
  }

  /*
   Type: (DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int
   */
  static compareSameSuitDeckedCards(deckedCard1: DeckedCard, deckedCard2: DeckedCard): number {
    const compareFunc: DCCmpFunc =
      ShengjiCompare.getHierarchicalCompareFunc([
        (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => {
          let shiftedWeight1: number = dc1.card.rank;
          let shiftedWeight2: number = dc2.card.rank;
          if (dc1.card.suit !== Suits.Joker) {
            shiftedWeight1 = (shiftedWeight1 + 11) % 13;
            shiftedWeight2 = (shiftedWeight2 + 11) % 13;
          }
          return ShengjiCompare.compareNumber(shiftedWeight1, shiftedWeight2);
        },
        (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => {
          return ShengjiCompare.compareNumber(dc1.deckNo, dc2.deckNo);
        }
      ]);
    return compareFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
  }

  /*
   Type: (ShengjiGameState) =>
   (DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int
   */
  static getDeckedCardSortFunc(shengjiGameState: ShengjiGameState): DCCmpFunc {
    return (deckedCard1, deckedCard2) => {
      const currentRank = shengjiGameState.currentRank;
      if (currentRank === 14) {
        // 1) Current Rank is Joker
        // Non-dominant Suit 1
        // Non-dominant Suit 2
        // Non-dominant Suit 3
        // Non-dominant Suit 4
        // Black Jokers
        // Red Jokers
        return ShengjiCompare.compareNonDominantCards(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
      }
      // 2)
      // Non-dominant Suit 1
      // Non-dominant Suit 2
      // Non-dominant Suit 3
      // Dominant Suit
      // Non-dominant Suit, Dominant Rank
      // Dominant Suit, Dominant Rank
      // Black Jokers
      // Red Jokers
      const compareByDominantCardFunc: DCCmpFunc =
        ShengjiCompare.getDivideAndCompareFunc( (deckedCard: DeckedCard) =>
            Predicates.isDominantCard(shengjiGameState, deckedCard),
          ShengjiCompare.compareNonDominantCards,
          (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) =>
            ShengjiCompare.compareDominantCards(shengjiGameState,
              dc1,
              dc2)
        );
      return compareByDominantCardFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
    };
  }

  /*
   Type: (DeckedCard => bool, (DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int, (DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int) =>
   (DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int
   */
  static getDivideAndCompareFunc(predicateFunc: (dc: DeckedCard) => boolean,
                                 falseCompareFunc: DCCmpFunc,
                                 trueCompareFunc: DCCmpFunc) {
    return (deckedCard1: DeckedCard, deckedCard2: DeckedCard) => {
      const predicateResult1: boolean = predicateFunc(deckedCard1);
      const predicateResult2: boolean = predicateFunc(deckedCard2);
      if (!predicateResult1 && !predicateResult2) {
        return falseCompareFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
      } else if (!predicateResult1 && predicateResult2) {
        return -1;
      } else if (predicateResult1 && !predicateResult2) {
        return 1;
      } else {
        return trueCompareFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
      }
    };
  }

  /*
   Type: (((DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int)[]) =>
   (DeckedCard, DeckedCard) => int
   */
  static getHierarchicalCompareFunc(compareFuncArray: DCCmpFunc[]): DCCmpFunc {
    return (deckedCard1: DeckedCard, deckedCard2: DeckedCard) => {
      // Belts and Braces
      if (compareFuncArray.length) {
        const compareFunc: (dc1: DeckedCard, dc2: DeckedCard) => number = compareFuncArray[0];
        const compareResult: number = compareFunc(deckedCard1, deckedCard2);
        if (compareResult !== 0) {
          return compareResult;
        } else {
          return ShengjiCompare.getHierarchicalCompareFunc(compareFuncArray.slice(1))(
            deckedCard1,
            deckedCard2
          );
        }
      } else {
        return 0;
      }

    };
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Finding practical decorations for your first apartment can be quite a challenge. You not only need to consider saving money, but also space in your new home. If you've just branched out on your own for the first time, you should add some affordable, adorable decorations for your first apartment!
The best decorations for your first apartment will conserve space, like these rustic-looking towel containers. Simply buy a few cheap baskets from Target and place your towels in them!


Get this awesome and free pastel fuchsia star small star coin pattern paper to print and use in your scrapbooks, homemade cards, as gift wrap, or however your crafty heart desires.
You'll find that this printable Super Mario Bros theme scrapbook paper will print in landscape on a piece of 8.5 x 11 inch sheet of computer paper. It's also a high quality file at 300 DPI.
Description of this pattern: Repeating pattern of the popular item from the Super Mario Bros game. Behind the repeating clipart is a colorful background.
I have also posted this exact patterned paper in different colors too. To find them, simply search "color you want + landscape star coin pattern" on the site.


text:
Destined to Live: One Woman's War, Life, Loves Remembered
Destined to Live: One Woman's War, Life, Loves Remembered von Bagnall, Diana (eBook)
Verlag: 4th Estate
An extraordinary story of courage, forgiveness and reconciliation. Sabina Wolanski was just 12 years old when her home town in Poland was invaded by Nazis. In her diary, along with innocent adolescent longings, she recorded what happened next: the humiliations and terrors, the murder of her beloved family and the startling story of her own survival. Leaving Europe after the war, Sabina forged a new life in Australia, juggling a thriving design business, her family, and an unorthodox love life. But as time wore on, she began asking herself why had she survived when so many died? And what kind of justice fitted such crimes? In May 2005, when Germany opened its controversial Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, in Berlin, Sabina was chosen to speak as the voice of the six million dead. In her speech she noted that although the Holocaust had taken everything she valued, it had also taught her that hatred and discrimination are doomed to fail. Her ability to survive, to love, and to live well, has been her greatest triumph. 'I couldn't put down this engaging, honest story of love, loss and survival.' Diane Armstrong, bestselling author of tHE VOYAGER OF tHEIR LIFE 'important and wonderfully written' Australian Literary Review
One Woman's War
Younghusband, Eileen
Woman's War
Harris, Gail
Pacific War Remembered
Mason, John T.
Adler, Bill
Catastrophe Remembered
Masalha, Nur
Chikwakwa Remembered
Etherton, Michael


text:
package org.apache.causeway.applib.events.lifecycle;

/**
 * Broadcast when an entity has just been updated in the database, usually
 * as the result of the ORM dirty tracking mechanisms.
 *
 * @see ObjectUpdatingEvent
 *
 * @since 1.x {@index}
 */
public abstract class ObjectUpdatedEvent<S> extends AbstractLifecycleEvent<S> {

    /**
     * This class is the default for the
     * {@link org.apache.causeway.applib.annotation.DomainObject#updatedLifecycleEvent()} annotation attribute.  Whether this
     * raises an event or not depends upon the <tt>causeway.core.meta-model.annotation.domain-object.updated-lifecycle-event.post-for-default</tt>
     * configuration property.
     */
    public static class Default extends ObjectUpdatedEvent<Object> {}

    /**
     * Convenience class to use indicating that an event should not be posted (irrespective of the configuration
     * property setting for the {@link Default} event.
     */
    public static class Noop extends ObjectUpdatedEvent<Object> {}

    /**
     * Convenience class meaning that an event should be posted (irrespective of the configuration
     * property setting for the {@link Default} event..
     */
    public static class Doop extends ObjectUpdatedEvent<Object> {}

    public ObjectUpdatedEvent() {
    }

    public ObjectUpdatedEvent(final S source) {
        super(source);
    }

}


Shown in Satin Brass, this lovely vintage country style gas reproduction chandelier can be placed in many settings. Tune it up to your personal tastes and spatial requirements to make it just right! Custom arm diameter and height are no problem!
Also features reeded tubing and beautiful curled arm backs. Perfect for that rustic vintage space.
Diameter 26 In. / Height 32 In. or Custom Height.


text:
package org.hoteia.qalingo.core.domain;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import javax.persistence.Version;

@Entity
@Table(name = "TECO_ORDER_ADDRESS")
public class OrderAddress extends AbstractAddress<OrderAddress> {

    /**
     * Generated UID
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 3628591425494221266L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "ID", nullable = false)
    private Long id;

    @Version
    @Column(name = "VERSION", nullable = false, columnDefinition = "int(11) default 1")
    private int version;

    @Column(name = "TITLE")
    private String title;

    @Column(name = "LASTNAME")
    private String lastname;

    @Column(name = "FIRSTNAME")
    private String firstname;

    @Column(name = "ADDRESS1")
    private String address1;

    @Column(name = "ADDRESS2")
    private String address2;

    @Column(name = "ADDITIONAL_INFORMATION")
    private String addressAdditionalInformation;

    @Column(name = "POSTAL_CODE")
    private String postalCode;

    @Column(name = "CITY")
    private String city;

    @Column(name = "STATE_CODE")
    private String stateCode;

    @Column(name = "AREA_CODE")
    private String areaCode;

    @Column(name = "COUNTRY_CODE")
    private String countryCode;

    @Column(name = "LONGITUDE")
    private String longitude;

    @Column(name = "LATITUDE")
    private String latitude;

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    @Column(name = "DATE_CREATE")
    private Date dateCreate;

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)
    @Column(name = "DATE_UPDATE")
    private Date dateUpdate;

    public OrderAddress() {
        this.dateCreate = new Date();
        this.dateUpdate = new Date();
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getLastname() {
        return lastname;
    }

    public void setLastname(String lastname) {
        this.lastname = lastname;
    }

    public String getFirstname() {
        return firstname;
    }

    public void setFirstname(String firstname) {
        this.firstname = firstname;
    }

    public int getVersion() {
        return version;
    }

    public void setVersion(int version) {
        this.version = version;
    }

    public String getAddress1() {
        return address1;
    }

    public void setAddress1(String address1) {
        this.address1 = address1;
    }

    public String getAddress2() {
        return address2;
    }

    public void setAddress2(String address2) {
        this.address2 = address2;
    }

    public String getAddressAdditionalInformation() {
        return addressAdditionalInformation;
    }

    public void setAddressAdditionalInformation(String addressAdditionalInformation) {
        this.addressAdditionalInformation = addressAdditionalInformation;
    }

    public String getPostalCode() {
        return postalCode;
    }

    public void setPostalCode(String postalCode) {
        this.postalCode = postalCode;
    }

    public String getCity() {
        return city;
    }

    public void setCity(String city) {
        this.city = city;
    }

    public String getStateCode() {
        return stateCode;
    }

    public void setStateCode(String stateCode) {
        this.stateCode = stateCode;
    }

    public String getAreaCode() {
        return areaCode;
    }

    public void setAreaCode(String areaCode) {
        this.areaCode = areaCode;
    }

    public String getCountryCode() {
        return countryCode;
    }

    public void setCountryCode(String countryCode) {
        this.countryCode = countryCode;
    }

    public String getLongitude() {
        return longitude;
    }

    public void setLongitude(String longitude) {
        this.longitude = longitude;
    }

    public String getLatitude() {
        return latitude;
    }

    public void setLatitude(String latitude) {
        this.latitude = latitude;
    }

    public Date getDateCreate() {
        return dateCreate;
    }

    public void setDateCreate(Date dateCreate) {
        this.dateCreate = dateCreate;
    }

    public Date getDateUpdate() {
        return dateUpdate;
    }

    public void setDateUpdate(Date dateUpdate) {
        this.dateUpdate = dateUpdate;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((dateCreate == null) ? 0 : dateCreate.hashCode());
        result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object sourceObj) {
        Object obj = deproxy(sourceObj);
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        OrderAddress other = (OrderAddress) obj;
        if (dateCreate == null) {
            if (other.dateCreate != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!dateCreate.equals(other.dateCreate))
            return false;
        if (id == null) {
            if (other.id != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!id.equals(other.id))
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "OrderAddress [id=" + id + ", version=" + version + ", title=" + title + ", lastname=" + lastname + ", firstname=" + firstname + ", address1=" + address1 + ", address2=" + address2
                + ", addressAdditionalInformation=" + addressAdditionalInformation + ", postalCode=" + postalCode + ", city=" + city + ", stateCode=" + stateCode + ", areaCode=" + areaCode
                + ", countryCode=" + countryCode + ", longitude=" + longitude + ", latitude=" + latitude + ", dateCreate=" + dateCreate + ", dateUpdate=" + dateUpdate + "]";
    }

}


Join us this week to see Cape Town's finest beaders challenged some of SA's fittest rugby players to a bead-off in the run up to Mandela Day.
With the fastest feet in rugby, Cheslin Kolbe could side-step you in a phone booth but what about his handling skills? Stormers players Cheslin, Juan de Jongh and Nic Groom tested their beading skills by going up against the best – a group of nimble-fingered gogos – to see who could bead more bracelets for Mandela Day and have bragging rights for a year. The aim of this bead-off is to highlight the importance of seniors who, in the spirit of Madiba, dedicate their lives to helping others. Join Jeannie D as she finds out more about this wonderful initiative!


This one is a bit timelier than most of my previous Windows 8 tips, and it's likewise very straightforward. If you're planning to upgrade an existing PC to Windows 8, you need to do so soon in order to save a ton of money. And that's true whether you wish to buy a retail upgrade or do so electronically.
I've already written a lot about upgrading to Windows 8. But with Microsoft reminding users that it will soon jack up the price on the Windows 8 Upgrade and eliminate the temporary promotional pricing as previously promised, your time is running out.
There are a number of upgrade strategies to consider.
If you purchase(d) a new PC running Windows 7 between June 2, 2012 and January 31, 2013, you qualify for the Windows Upgrade Offer. This supplies you with the Upgrade version of Windows 8 Pro for just $14.99, the cheapest mainstream way to upgrade to Microsoft's latest operating system.
Or you can save even more money and purchase the electronic download of Windows 8 Pro for just $39.99. As with the retail version, the price of this upgrade version will jump to $199.99 on February 1, 2013, so you need to act fast.
I have been recommending the electronic download version of the Windows 8 Pro Upgrade for several months, and for good reason: It features a web-based installer that includes additional tools—the Upgrade Advisor and Windows Easy Transfer—that make the upgrade process go much, much more smoothly than the traditional retail package. Read Windows 8 Feature Focus: Web-Based Setup and Windows 8 Tip: Use the Web-Based Installer for more information.
Of course, some people have different needs. You can in fact perform a clean (or "full") install of Windows 8 using the Upgrade media. Refer to Clean Install Windows 8 with Upgrade Media for the details and remember that every one of the tips in Clean Install Windows 7 with Upgrade Media works if you have trouble activating. And don't fear the FUD-meisters: Clean installing Windows 8 with Upgrade media is perfectly legal.
If you're running a 32-bit version of Windows XP, Vista, or 7, and wish to upgrade to a 64-bit version of Windows 8, please refer to Windows 8 Upgrade: 32-bit to 64-bit for the lowdown. It's not completely straightforward or seamless, but you do have options.
And if you are coming from a previous version of Windows, be sure to check out my handy guides to what is supported: Windows 8 Tip: Upgrade from Windows XP, Windows 8 Tip: Upgrade from Windows Vista, and Windows 8 Tip: Upgrade from Windows 7.
Folks, you have a few weeks left before Windows 8 Pro Upgrade prices shoot through the roof. But you don't have to be a statistic. Backup your PC and then save a ton of money by upgrading today.


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text:
The Clash Of Civilisations
Renka's Blog
The western global elites, frightened of another popular revolt, all helped to put Macron in place
by Renka · Published 09.05.2017
France voted for a Globalist, Liberal, Ultra-Capitalist Banker
EU may have to pay 'Brexit Bill' to UK, instead of other way around – Boris Johnson
France's newly elected leader, Emmanuel Macron, represents the European establishment fearful of a popular revolt, former MI5 intelligence officer Anne Machon tells RT, as many analysts appeared to be skeptical the former Socialist minister could bring change.
"Former US President Barack Obama endorsed Macron, the EU endorsed Macron. They were very frightened about another popular revolt against the establishment. Macron is very establishment: the elitist universities in France, the fact that he was [France's] Economy Minister," Machon said, further listing the facts showing Macron's actual affiliation.
According to the former British intelligence officer, the fact that his En Marche! political movement "that came from nowhere within one year" looks very much "an establishment stitch-up."
"The western global elites wanted to make sure that EU continues. That there is a status quo," she added.
Steven Woolfe, a British barrister and independent politician, told RT he believes that Macron is next on the list of European politicians masquerading as fighters against the establishment.
"Macron is the essence of the European establishment. If you look at the way from [former UK PM] Tony Blair to [Greek PM Alexis] Tsipras, [former Italian PM Matteo] Renzi, Macron is simply another one of those characters," Woolfe says.
Woolfe notes that Macron was the Economy Minister serving under the Socialist government of Francois Hollande from 2014-16. He stepped down last year and created his En Marche! movement to join the presidential race.
"[Macron] worked in international finance and banking, he is someone who has great links to the establishment media in France. And as long as he is supporting the EU, as long as he never changes what is happening in Europe, then he is the man that was put in place," Woolfe says.
Janice Atkinson, an independent member of the European Parliament, also pointed out that Macron is "backed by EU, backed by globalists, backed by the bankers."
Woolfe believes that, in reality, people "are fed up with globalization, with open borders, with globalists and bankers who are running our systems."
Jean Bricmont, Belgian philosopher of science and a political commentator, believes that Macron is going to follow the policy of his predecessor.
"Macron is going to make the same foreign policy as Hollande, only worse, so it will be more [focused] on Washington – whether he would get along with Trump, it's a separate question – but it would be very anti-Russian, he would probably want to arm rebels in Syria," he said.
Bricmont said that the French electoral commission had instructed media not to report on the recent leaks about Macron. A massive trove of internal documents from Macron's campaign was leaked by unknown hackers on Friday evening. Macron's En Marche! movement said they were the "victims of a hacking attack."
"When there was an inquiry about Fillon, which in principle should have been secret, it was leaked to the press and the press used it. Fillon was a candidate, who could have beaten Macron but he was totally destroyed by these affairs," he said.
The hacking of the Emmanuelle Macron team's emails "in a certain sense could have helped" the centrist candidate in the vote, Professor Bruno Drweski, from the National Institute of Languages and Eastern Civilizations, told RT.
He pointed out that the attack happened x"in a certain sense could have helped" in the election and failed to reveal any compromising details about the candidate.
"It's difficult to know exactly what did happen, but it confirms that [the Macron team] need an atmosphere of conspiracy… to make something popular because they have no program, no concrete proposals," Drweski said.
Macron may face a problem if he cannot secure a majority in the French legislative elections that are to be held in June 2017, Guy Mettan, Executive Director of the Swiss Press Club, believes.
"He is a candidate of the establishment… But I think that difficulties will come with the next step of legislative elections for Macron and his supporters. Even if he has won tonight, now he has to convince all the French people to vote for him. And it is not yet won now," he said.
He noted that French voters are "completely divided" into five parties, supporting five presidential candidates – En Marche! (Macron), National Front (Marine Le Pen), La France Insoumise (Jean-Luc Mélenchon), Republicans (Francois Fillon) and Socialists (Benoît Hamon).
"I think it will be quite impossible to get a majority in the next parliament. So France will be very divided. It's not possible in four weeks to make a majority in the next parliament," Mettan said.
More of the same: Francois Hollande and Emmanuel Macron (L) © Philippe Wojazer / Reuters
Writer, Admin at Aardvark News
Latest posts by Renka (see all)
Investigating America's influence on German politics - 09.03.2019
European Union, just a puppet on a US string - 08.03.2019
The world should be a world of cooperation and not of rivalry - 23.11.2018
Tags: ElectionsEstablishmentFranceGlobalistsMacroneu
Aardvark News © 2018. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: How to implement a Saga on Topos? Topos it .NET Event Processing library, similar to Rebus. Unlike Rebus, it is not so much for messages, as for event processing.
Rebus supports Sagas out of the "box", including in terms of persistence, correlation and concurrency. How to implement a Saga on Topos?
If Topos supports Sagas, is there an example of a Saga implementation somewhere?

A: Topos does not have any kind of built-in sagas, unfortunately.
In Fleet Manager (the Rebus management app that comes with Rebus Pro, and the reason I made Topos) I made a saga-like event processor that uses MongoDB or LiteDB for persistence.
This implementation is completely proprietary though, as it's part of a commercial software product, and it's not quite generic enough to be suited for reuse. I can tell you a little bit about it here anyway, hopefully to give you some inspiration on how you could go about building something like it yourself.
The event processor is hosted in a Topos consumer, which dispatches all received events to a bunch of "projections", thus implementing the classic event sourced "left-fold" (current_state + event => new_state).
Fleet Manager has projections in two flavors: process managers (i.e. projections that cause other events to be emitted by issuing commands) and views. The two types combined would be what you call a "saga"
One possible view could be implemented like this (with lots of stuff removed for brevity):
public class QueueInstanceView : ViewInstance<InstancePerQueue>, IExpire, IHaveAccountId, IHaveQueueName, ICanBeHidden
{
    public string AccountId { get; set; }
    public string QueueName { get; set; }

    public DateTime LastActivity { get; set; }

    public bool Hidden { get; set; }

    protected override void DispatchEvent(AuditEvent auditEvent)
    {
        if (auditEvent.Body is EntityHidden entityHidden)
        {
            QueueName ??= entityHidden.Id;
            Hidden = !entityHidden.Reverse;
        }
        else
        {
            QueueName ??= auditEvent.GetQueueName();
        }

        LastActivity = auditEvent.GetTime();
    }
}

Note how the view class inherits from the generic ViewInstance<> class, closing it with the InstancePerQueue type. The base class keeps track of the ID of the view instance and some other stuff used to implement idempotency, and then InstancePerQueue defines how events are mapped to view instances.
It looks like this:
public class InstancePerQueue : ViewLocator
{
    public override string[] GetViewIds(AuditEvent auditEvent)
    {
        if (auditEvent.Body is EntityHidden entityHidden)
        {
            if (entityHidden.HasType(EntityTypeNames.Queue))
            {
                var accountId = auditEvent.GetAccountId();
                return new[] { $"{accountId}/{entityHidden.Id}" };
            }

            return Array.Empty<string>();
        }

        var queueName = auditEvent.GetQueueNameOrNull();
        if (queueName == null) return Array.Empty<string>();

        var accountId = auditEvent.GetAccountId();
        return new[] { $"{accountId}/{queueName}" };
    }
}

thus correlating events with IDs on the form "/" (where "account" in Fleet Manager terminology is basically just an environment, i.e. the queue names get to IDENTIFY the queues within an account).
Of course lots of logic is then implemented in the projection implementations, but while it's lengthy, it's also fairly straightforward.
I hope that this could give you some inspiration on how you might want to approach building "sagas" for Topos.

Btw. I cannot take credit for this particular design. I was originally exposed to a design very similar to this back in 2013-2014 by Emil Krog Ingerslev, who came up with it for an event-sourced application we were building at d60.
I later imitated all of the moving parts to implement persistent projections for Cirqus, which we used for a couple of event-sourced apps.
And finally I made my current implementation for Fleet Manager, back in 2016 when I needed something similar, only without the aggregate root stuff present in Cirqus, and working on Kafka instead of normal databases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


When creating a PowerPoint org chart in OrgWeaver, on the last step you have the option to upload your own PowerPoint template. This allows you to repeatedly create org charts that match your official style and colors. Keep in mind that only people with a paid OrgWeaver subscription will have access to this feature.
You can download a sample of a customer PowerPoint org chart template, or you can just use your own template and follow some requirements.
The header slide must have to text placeholders that says "[Title]" and "[Subtitle]"
The content slide must have one text placeholder that says [Title], two shapes of any size that includes the text "[Unit]" for manager and unit boxes and "[Position]" for normal positions, and a line. Format them just as you like them.
Save the file as normal ".pptx" file. It cannot contain macros and it should not be a PowerPoint .potx template file.


text:
Police: Manager of Moore restaurant stabbed in stomach during robbery
Moore police are on the scene of a stabbing at the Long John Silver's restaurant in the 1100 block of North Moore.Video: Suspect in Long John Silver's stabbing may be former employeeThe restaurant is near NW 12th and Interstate 35 in Moore.According to police, around 9 a.m., a man in his 20s broke into the restaurant, which wasn't opened. Police said he stabbed the manager several times in his stomach, but the injuries do not appear to be life threatening.Police said the suspect got away with an unknown amount of money, but believe the suspect is a former employee who knew that the door at the restaurant was damaged, allowing the suspect to get into the building easily.Stay with KOCO.com for breaking news updates.
Moore police are on the scene of a stabbing at the Long John Silver's restaurant in the 1100 block of North Moore.
Video: Suspect in Long John Silver's stabbing may be former employee
The restaurant is near NW 12th and Interstate 35 in Moore.
According to police, around 9 a.m., a man in his 20s broke into the restaurant, which wasn't opened. Police said he stabbed the manager several times in his stomach, but the injuries do not appear to be life threatening.
Police said the suspect got away with an unknown amount of money, but believe the suspect is a former employee who knew that the door at the restaurant was damaged, allowing the suspect to get into the building easily.
Stay with KOCO.com for breaking news updates.


text:
The Paris Commune: A Contested Legacy. Lessons of The Commune - The Anarchist Federation of Britain
From Organise No.77----Winter 2011.
https://libcom.org/files/organise%2077.pdf
The Paris Commune: A Contested Legacy. The Paris Commune of 1871 and its Impact.
Here Organise! presents two different Anarchist approaches to the Paris Commune, which flowered briefly one hundred and forty years ago, in the Spring of 1871. The first[the present article below], whilst acknowledging that the Commune was an important lesson in early socialism, warns us not to fall into the trap of fetishising historical events and evaluates what was achieved in the light of subsequent anarchist thinking.
Lessons of the Commune
The Paris Commune of 1871 was an exciting time for the workers' movement and provided valuable lessons for the class struggle after its fall. However, whilst the event was spectacular and many social reforms occurred and were adopted by the Third Republic that followed it, a lot of it has been exaggerated for lazy historical propaganda purposes to supposedly prove that socialism is possible through these means.
As social anarchists we should analyse it without fantastical generalisations so that we may draw upon the Lessons of the Commune experience of the workers during the Commune and gain understanding for our own future struggles. It does us no good to overstate the importance of any revolutionary event.
The backdrop to the insurrection was the Franco-Prussian war and the German siege of Paris, 1870-1, during which period France underwent a Republican coup deposing Emperor Napoleon III in September 1870, ending the Second Empire which had lasted since 1852. A hushed up election in February 1871 brought to power unpopular monarchists and conservatives who signed for peace with Prussia. From this period the National Guard, the organised militia formerly under the command of the French Republic, gained in strength and infl uence and held onto the arms provided to it for the defence of Paris during its siege. By the 3rd March, the proletarian battalions of the Guard, angered by the attempted triumphal entry into their city by the Prussians defected from the government of Adolphe Thiers to form its own Central Committee with elected commanders. This dual military power would not do for the government.
Thiers sent in battalions of regular troops to disarm the Guard on 18th March. Parisian workers famously resisted at Montmartre in the north of the city, where an attempt to seize the cannon of the Guard was halted after the regular army, fraternising with the Guard and local residents, arrested their generals, Clement-Thomas and Lecomte, and had them shot.
Upon hearing of the insurrection, the order was given for the evacuation of the city, although some regular battalions chose to remain. The Guard was not united in its support for the insurrection, however. As a commander from one of the thirty bourgeois battalions had put it to the old commanding officer on the eve of the insurrection, 'The National Guard will not fight against the National Guard'.
Thus, the Central Committee took provisional control of the city and made plans to organise elections to the Commune, which were held on 26th March. In the few weeks before the Commune was put down, in what came to be known as the 'Bloody Week' (21 - 28 May), progressive transformations took place in social, economic and political relationships. But the insurrection was fragile, not least in military terms.
After an agreement was made with the Prussians to release French prisoners of war to aid in the re-capture of Paris, the French army entered from the west of the city taking each district one by one. Workers erected barricades to defend themselves and the Commune executed a few of its hostages in desperation including Georges Darboy, the archbishop of Paris. As the soldiers retook Paris, known and suspected communards were arrested, whilst others swept through the city setting fire to important buildings to hinder the re-occupation of the city by the state.
Those that survived Bloody Week were put on trial. Many were executed whilst others were imprisoned or exiled to New Caledonia. It is unclear how many communards were murdered and executed; the fi gures range from 5,000 to 50,000. Many ex-communards escaped and sought asylum in countries like the USA, Britain and Belgium and continued their political struggle there.
Amnesty was not granted until 1880.
The influence of existing political forms
The 18th March is hailed as the date of the insurrection and has many similarities to the beginnings of subsequent revolutions such as that of Russia 1917, Spain 1936 and Hungary 1956, in that they were spontaneous proletarian events reacting to the conditions capitalists in power had imposed upon them. They were neither planned, nor sparked by the propagandising of political organisations. Mass membership of political organisations was merely representative of the already-existing desire for social, economic and political transformation of society.
In the case of Paris 1871, a report to the International Workingmen's Association (IWA) by the Corresponding Secretary for France on the General Council, Auguste Serraillier, stated that the International was in disarray, its organisation weak and unwilling to act as an association in some cases. It should be noted that the IWA in France was largely of the Proudhonist tradition, being mutualists who believed they could make capitalism irrelevant through supposedly ignoring, undermining and fi nally supplanting the state and business.
The French section was not in a position to exert much political infl uence anyway. The International constituted less than one-third of the political Commune; Jacobin bourgeois republicans, conservative ve and oppositionist held the rest of the seats. Anarchist communists hold that you cannot escape capitalism: it must be abolished. But the Commune overlooked the necessity for the seizure of political power from the bourgeoisie.
Achievements and limitations of the Commune.
This is not to say that the social revolution occurring in 1871 would have inevitably failed simply because the IWA were a minority faction in the political Commune. A strong desire for socio-economic change was held by the population as a whole.
It must be kept in mind that the Commune was a living, and therefore continually developing, example of class struggle and important social questions were being raised in the proletarian quarters of the city as well as by their 'representatives' in the political Commune. It was because of the grassroots desire for change that the political Commune enacted its decrees around social reform.
But the political Commune was ultimately built on the legality of the old regime and on the old republican traditions which had dominated French revolutionary thought. It was itself a bourgeois republic, albeit more decentralised. For instance, the Central Committee of the National Guard, originally intending to hold elections to the Commune on 22nd March, had to delay until the 26th after negotiations with the old mayors of Paris who ran the voting lists and had the authority to call elections.
Workers' cooperatives and economic life
One of the major reforms that leftists and revolutionaries point towards was the April 16th decree requiring that abandoned factories were to be handed to the 'cooperative association of the workers who were employed in them.' But in reality, this was compatible with capitalist economics. Worker/producers' cooperatives exist to this day and are not exempt from being exploiters themselves.
L'Ouvrier de l'Avenir, a newspaper of the time, reported 50 workers' cooperatives, mainly within the skilled trades, existing in Paris in the weeks before the March insurrection.Indeed, the Government of National Defence, which took over authority from Napoleon III when he was deposed, encouraged the setting up of workers' cooperatives during the Siege of Paris, through the handing out of large contracts to textile workers to make uniforms for the French army.
During the Commune, attempts were made to seek out the private owners in order to compensate them for the loss of their factory after its expropriaƟ on, and in some cases, the private owners worked hand-in-hand with the cooperatives, receiving rent, lending equipment and offering business advice to the management of these cooperatives.
Although the formation of forty three worker cooperatives is sometimes quoted, there were only two of significant size: the Société Cooperative des Fondeurs en Fer (Cooperative Society of Iron Founders) and the Association des Ouvriers de la Métallurgie (Association of Metalworkers). The latter had its munitions factory in the Louvre. The former had already been set up the day before the 16th April decree at a public meeting of iron founders, and so was not the result of the political Commune itself. The society was in fact set up with the support of the War Delegation on for the purpose of producing armaments for the National Guard, as were many of the other cooperatives founded during this time.
Even though the iron founders received a requisition order for a factory, they chose not to expropriate it from its former master but to rent it from him. The chief organiser, Pierre Marc, was a business owner of eight years standing and was selected to the role because he knew how to run a business. The average wage in the factory was half of what it was before the Commune and half that of the workers in the association at the Louvre.
Even there, the metalworkers' demand for a wage increase for dangerous work in the front line was rejected; the cooperatives could not compete with private firms for contracts unless they became exploitative themselves. The fact that cooperatives were still employing the wage system as a means of distribution shows their limitation in socialising the means of production, distribution and exchange.
When on the 19th May the Labour and Exchange Delegation called for a meeting of representatives of the cooperatives, only twenty-seven cooperatives were represented out of ninety-three eligible. For the Commune to have been a success, the workers would have had to remove their own political 'representatives' and business owners and managers. In a revolution, capitalists and their supporters must not be allowed to re-take any ground. Workers must control and direct the movement of production and distribution within the economy of the new society as a priority and destroy wage slavery and private ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange.
Kropotkin also criticised the Commune for failing to expropriate private property, especially factories and the gold that was stored in banks within the Paris city walls, due to 'prejudices about property and authority'. Many communards seem to have seen economic changes as secondary to political revolution.
However we must learn from the lessons of struggles in the past and see the two as inseparable. The Parisian workers failed to seize their workplaces, control the economy themselves and make irrelevant the power of capital.
While those elected to the Commune were, in theory, recallable, they still had the power to make decisions and were relatively centralized and cut off from the people. They were representatives rather than mandated delegates. The former is familiar to us now; we elect people on the basis of what they say or their declared political allegiance and they then make decisions for us.
Throughout history this form of organisation has led to abuse, corruption and inequality. The latter system, of mandated, recallable delegates is a libertarian form of political organisation. Rather than giving power to make and enforce decisions to a minority, we retain power at a local or workplace level and mandate delegates with the decisions we have made. The delegates are recallable if they go beyond their mandate.
Kropotkin criticised the political organisation of the commune for maintaining a governmental system of representatives, which then became separated from the day-to-day realities of the wider Commune, becoming conservative and paralysed by endless discussion, confirmation of the Anarchist critique of representative systems. However, if representation is the only form of political organisation on experienced or witnessed by the wider class, there is a danger that this is what will be defaulted to during insurrectionary times.
It is therefore vital that we are arguing for, and practicing libertarian forms of organising during these pre-revolutionary periods when we are active in community groups, workplaces, student struggles and tenants' and residents' associations, both because they are the best way to organise democratically, and also because this gives confidence and competence in libertarian practices necessary to maintain revolution. In the end, perhaps the biggest problem with the Commune's political system of representation was its inefficiency.
Only a small number of people were trying to cope with the huge volume of issues, resulting in the representatives being inundated and not able to cope. On the one hand they showed how well ordinary working people can take over the running of things, without needing specialized bureaucrats, but they needed to go further and have autonomous sections of the city run things. Federalism would have been more efficient!
Women and the Commune
Women were involved within the struggle, famously initially confronting the soldiers who had been sent to take back the cannon on the first day. However they faced discrimination both within the Commune and from the victorious Government. Some progressive policies were adopted by the Commune, notably establishing day nurseries, raising the salary of women teachers to be equal to that of male teachers and improving availability and accessibility of education for girls and women. However the commune was too short lived for these initiatives to be brought to fruition and women's inequality was only partially addressed.
While men gained their suffrage, this wasn't the case for women. Some women had an active part in the defence of the commune, for example in Place Blanch where one hundred and twenty women erected and defended a barricade. However, the role of women was largely one of domesticity and care, many working as nurses, such as within the Women's Union for the Defence of Paris and Care of the Injured. Most women were kept away from the barricades and front lines, but others acted as cantinières, whose official role was to cook, feed and nurse the male troops, although some also fought alongside the men. After the fall of the commune, misogynistic attitudes within Paris and France were exploited in order to discredit the communards with descriptions of 'petroleusses' - women setting fire to buildings, to argue why order needed to be restored and to justify the horror of the slaughter that followed. Such imagery of 'unfeminine' women, which is rooted in sexist attitudes to what female behaviour should be like, has been used at other times to demonise radical movements often with some success even amongst those who are progressive on other issues.This is just one reason why Anarchists must tackle sexism within our wider class. Radical movements often remain macho and male dominated.
Conclusions and lessons
Although much was spontaneous and unplanned, the influence of Proudhon on the communards gave it some libertarian flavour. However events moved so fast, and decisions and structures developed by necessity so quickly, that there was little time for theoretical arguments.Without the previous discussions, and the libertarian and socialist organising that had been taking place within the working class of Paris, which meant that much radical thought was already understood, the Commune may have looked even less progressive.
However there were still many mistakes made, notably allowing a representative political system to emerge and to fail to carry out an economic revolution within the city walls. Both of these errors are easy to spot if you understand Anarchism, but during an insurrection it is too late! It is vital that libertarian thought and ways of organising are understood and familiar to the wider working class in pre-revolutionary times, so that these same mistakes are not repeated.
Memories of assemblies from previous revolutions gave the Parisians inspiration and models that they could draw upon, just as in Russia the experiences of 1905 meant that the concept of forming soviets within workplaces was familiar to the Russian working class in 1917 and forced the Bolsheviks to adopt the Anarchist slogan of 'All Power to the Soviets' (although obviously this was soon betrayed by authoritarian centralism).
Finally, it is significant that a festive atmosphere apparently flourished within the city during the period of the Commune. This joy, energy, creativity and high-spirits can be felt in many liberated spaces. Emma Goldman argues that culture, festivity, music and of course dancing are an essential part of revolution.
When we are in a space that feels freed from the shackles of capitalism and authority - even just temporarily such as during an occupation – this flowering of creativity contrasts with everyday life and nourishes the feelings of solidarity, affection and comradeship that is both the natural product of struggling together, and it is that which keeps us going during the dark times.
Rory Reid
Anarchist Federation
Paris Commune
In the few weeks before the Commune was put down, in what came to be known as the 'Bloody Week' (21 - 28 May), progressive transformations took place in social, economic and political relationships. But the insurrection was fragile, not least in military terms.