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Seven ways to participate in MLK Day 2017
Martin Luther King Jr. Day is on Jan. 16
By Sinead Cummings
Holidays MLK Day
Each Martin Luther King Jr. Day, there is a quote by the civil rights activist that gets repeated again and again: "Life's most persistent and urgent question is, 'What are you doing for others?'"
While King has many memorable lines from many powerful speeches, that particular quote seems to embody the spirit of MLK Day.
Those words, spoken in 1957, inspire action today. On the holiday, communities gather together to donate, volunteer or reflect.
Below are seven ways to participate in MLK Day 2017.
2017 MLK Weekend Celebration at AAMP
Once again, the African American Museum in Philadelphia and Citizens Bank have teamed up for the weekend of Martin Luther King Jr. Day.
Admission to the museum will be $2 from Friday, Jan. 13, through Monday, Jan. 16.
This year, the weekend kicks off with a special screening of Ava DuVernay's "13th."
There will also be art activities, performances and workshops, and guests can explore the museum's core exhibit "Audacious Freedom: African Americans in Philadelphia, 1776-1876."
Friday, Jan. 13 through Monday, Jan. 16
$2 admission
African American Museum in Philadelphia
701 Arch St.
2017 MLK Weekend at Please Touch Museum
Children can learn about King's legacy through interactive story time. There will also be an art activity where everyone will discuss and draw their wishes and dreams for themselves and the world.
Saturday, Jan. 14 through Monday, Jan. 16
11 a.m. to 4 p.m. | Free with admission
Please Touch Museum
4231 Ave. of the Republic
MLK Weekend at Eastern State Penitentiary
King's 1963 "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" will be read at the Penitentiary three times daily (11 a.m., 1:30 p.m. and 3:30 p.m.) from Saturday, Jan. 14, to Monday, Jan. 16.
Following each reading, a civil rights scholar will answer any questions. Visitors are invited to discuss the letter's relevance to current times.
Children ages 7-12 can create art based on themes in the letter or read stories on King's life on Monday, Jan. 16.
Both events are free to attend.
11 a.m., 1:30 p.m. and 3:30 p.m. | Free
2027 Fairmount Ave.
Martin Luther King Jr. Day of Service at the Philadelphia Museum of Art
Here's an opportunity to put a smile on someone's face. The museum is organizing a community event where participants create art to be distributed by MANNA. The local organization that gives meals to those with illnesses will distribute the artwork when delivering food.
10 a.m. to 3 p.m. | Pay-what-you-wish admission
2600 Benjamin Franklin Parkway
Philadelphia Orchestra Annual MLK Day Tribute
"With this special concert, we create an experience that forges bonds between people of various backgrounds through the joy of music," said Philadelphia Orchestra president and CEO Allison Vulgamore.
While the event is free to attend, tickets are still required, and seating will be on a first-come, first-served basis. Doors will open at 1 p.m. for the 1:30 show time.
Once again, the concert will be broadcast live at WRTI 90.1 FM for those who can't make the live show. Listeners can tune in on the radio or through the WRTI website.
1:30 p.m. | Free with reservation
Girard College Chapel
2101 S. College Ave.
Martin Luther King Jr. Day of Service at the National Constitution Center
The National Constitution Center will join with Global Citizen's Greater Philadelphia Martin Luther King Jr. Day of Service again this year.
There will be events throughout the day that give back to the community. Admission is $5 and includes access to the museum and all MLK Day activities.
Attendees can bring books or school supplies to drop off before enjoying a sing-along, storytelling, a reading of the "I Have a Dream" speech and arts & crafts.
11 a.m. to 3 p.m. | $5 admission
Woodmere Art Museum's MLK Day Festival
The family-friendly event will include storytelling, arts & crafts, music and a spoken word performance.
The festival takes place amidst Woodmere's exhibition "A Million Faces: The Photography of John W. Mosley," which contains several photographs of King and other civil rights heroes.
Noon to 4 p.m. | Free
Woodmere Art Museum
Sinead Cummings
sinead@phillyvoice.com
Read more Holidays MLK Day Philadelphia National Constitution Center African American Museum in Philadelphia Arts & Crafts Family-Friendly Philadelphia Orchestra Woodmere Art Museum Eastern State Penitentiary Please Touch Museum Philadelphia Museum of Art Volunteering Civil Rights


Deep wave hairs can make you have dreamy hairstyle to you! And our silk base closures have baby hairs in the front of them, which can make your closure be more natural. More important, the hairs of our virgin Brazilian hair come from the top quality 100% human virgin hair.
Silk base closure like brazilian hair extensions which has emulation scalp - what can make your wig looks more natural. For our silk base closure, you can choose the color, hair length. Taking brazilian virgin hair as example, we have many colors for you to choose. And for the closure size, you can buy 4X4inches or 4X5inches. Our brazilian hair extension and virgin brazilian hair extensions are also very good. The hairs we used are 100% human virgin hair, and we have Indian Remy hair too. What's more, you can part anywhere with our silk base closures.
Order came in two days and is exactly what I was looking for. I will be ordering again in the future.
This closure is beautiful and arrived very quickly. The customer service was excellent. I am very excited about my closure.
Shipping was extremely fast this time hair just as gorgeous as all the previous times.


I know what you're thinking – "all of our lives around pizza since we were 10 years old" BUT really, my parents opened pizzerias (Stevo's Pizza in Erie, PA – my dad's name is not Steve, nor am I a drop Italian) around my hometown when I was young, so pizza genuinely is in my blood.
Truly. If you cut me open I'm pretty sure it'd be 80% tomato sauce.
I began working at the restaurant when I was 14, and every summer during high school (and my first year of college) was spent chatting with customers, making pizza, and of course, taste testing.
I've made it my personal, unsolicited mission to try all sorts of pizza from anywhere I can get my hands on it – you may think "unhealthy obsession" but I like to call it, "research." Luckily, my best friend (Hi Giulia), is always willing to go on a pizza eating spree with me, so I've gotten to expose my tastebuds and my waistline to many of the pizza wonders in Erie, Pittsburgh, New York, and beyond.
Oh, also, to be fair, I always order a classic margherita pizza to be the baseline for taste testing.
Anyway, in my first year of college, Giulia and I went to a restaurant called Joe Mama's (yum) and it was my first taste of something that has grown to be near and dear to my heart – vodka sauce.
Creamy, smooth, and incredibly rich – the vodka evarporates and adds a lightness to balance the depth of the thick heavy cream (responsible for the beautiful orangey color). This time it was paired with luxurious gnocchi, and the second time, at Aviva Brick Oven, it was the sauce underneath a delicious layer of pizza toppings.
Naturally, it didn't take long until I wanted to try my hand at making this sauce my own, so after a few trials and filling dinners, Lainey K's vodka sauce came to be.
Salt + pepper, to taste – I use about a teaspoon of salt but taste along the way!
Add olive oil to a large pan (with tall sides) on medium heat – after 1 minute, add the onion, garlic, and salt & pepper.
Constantly stir to make sure nothing burns – you want to see the onions become light and translucent in color and the smell of garlic to fill the air. Be careful not to brown the ingredients – after 3 – 4 minutes turn the heat to low and allow the onion and garlic to 'sweat' for 4 – 5 more minutes.
Add the vodka and turn the heat back to medium. Let the vodka begin to evaporate – about 10 minutes. Stir constantly.
Turn the heat to low and add the cans of tomatoes. Note: I strain the 16 oz. can but not the 35 oz.
Let the tomato mixture simmer for 20 – 30 minutes, and stir occasionally. When stirring, break up the tomatoes with a wooden spoon, but don't worry too much about making the sauce smooth just yet.
Turn off the heat and add the chunky sauce into a blender and blend until smooth. BE CAREFUL! The mixture will be very, very hot.
Add the smooth sauce back into the pan, and turn to medium heat.
Add the heavy cream, oregano, and sage – and stir until incorporated. Let simmer for 3 – 4 minutes.
Turn off the heat, add the fresh basil, and put to use!
You can use this sauce tossed with some pasta, as a base for pizza, or to eat straight with a spoon.


We don't write much about the fungal microbiome on this blog, but it may be every bit as important as the bacterial microbiome (and let's not forget about the archaeal and eukaryotic microbiomes, and virome as well!). Fungi are not as abundant in the microbiome as bacteria, which is probably why they are not as heavily researched, but they are known to cause diseases. For example, vaginal yeast infections and oral thrush are caused by fungi belonging to the Candida genus.
We recently wrote about a study that linked bacterial biofilm formation with colorectal cancer. In this blog we mentioned that colorectal cancer is likely to have environmental causes. Researchers from China hypothesized that fungi may be one of these risk factors, so they conducted an experiment to find out. They recently published their results in Nature Scientific Reports.
The researchers first sampled the microbiomes of 27 patients with various stages of colorectal tumors, in addition to other, healthy areas of those patients' guts adjacent to the tumors. They then sequenced the genomes of the samples to determine which fungi existed, and where. They discovered that fungal diversity was lower on tumors compared to other areas of the colon. In addition, two known pathogenic fungi, Candida and Phoma existed in higher levels on tumors compared to the adjacent areas. Finally, they found distinct differences between individuals with advanced and non-advanced tumors. Those with advanced tumors had a higher abundance of two other known pathogenic fungi, Fusarium, which has been associated with intestinal disease in the past, and Trichoderma, which has been associated with infections of various organs.
This study did not involve any healthy patient controls, and its sample size was somewhat limited. Still, the results are intriguing because gut fungi that are known to cause inflammation elsewhere in the body are being found at the site of tumors. Even if these fungi are not causing the tumors, they could at least be potentially used as a diagnostic or biomarker for tumors. While we know that some fungi can be dangerous, we note that even specific genera are not always pathogenic, and sometimes they can exist normally in a host and only turn pathogenic at a later time. Like other aspects of the microbiome, the story is complicated, but we would be willing to bet there is at least one beneficial fungus among us.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


During the past week Sandra did several interviews to promote Our Brand is Crisis. I'm going to place them all on this post, you can check the "read more" link to have access to them all.
Last Thursday (29) Sandra and her Our Brand is Crisis co-stars Billy Bob Thornton and Anthony Mackie visited The Ellen Show as part of the New York promotion for the film. Ellen has posted a interview excerpt on her official youtube channel. Another user has the full interview posted, starting at 11:15 min mark. Isn't the best quality but you can see the whole interview.


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World 16:01, 10-Jul-2019
Italy seeks fresh migrant clampdown as more boats arrive
Migrants aboard the German rescue ship "Alan Kurdi" are refused entry into Italy after a standoff with the Italian government and decide to change their course to Malta, July 6, 2019. /VCG Photo
Italy's government plans to throw more resources into its fight against boat migrants, as the number of new arrivals gathers speed and puts pressure on Interior Minister Matteo Salvini, an official said on Tuesday.
Some 47 migrants were brought to shore before dawn by an Italian police patrol vessel, while a charity ship rebuffed by Italy picked up 44 people in the central Mediterranean who would be transferred to Malta later.
After a sharp fall in migrant arrivals in recent months, numbers have picked up since June, with people-smugglers increasingly towing packed boats deep into international waters to escape especially the Italian-funded Libyan coastguard.
Previously, the underpowered rubber dinghies were pushed to sea from local beaches, making it relatively easy for the Libyans to stop them and prevent them from leaving the territorial waters.
As more boats arrive, Italy is planning to boost its own sea and air patrols to try to spot traffickers before they leave local waters, and will give 10 motorboats to the Libyan coastguard.
Migrants disembark from an Armed Forces of Malta (AFM) vessel after arriving at its base in Marsamxett Harbour, Valletta, Malta, July 9, 2019. Malta's prime minister said the 65 migrants on the German-flagged "Alan Kurdi" are to be relocated to other European states. /VCG Photo
Salvini, who has built much of his political credibility on a drive to halt migrant flows, also wrote to his Tunisian counterpart urging him to do more, including stoping departures from Tunisia and swiftly accepting back those caught fleeing.
Over the past 18 months, the largest number of migrants entering Italy have come from Tunisia, a change from previous years when the new arrivals came mainly from sub-Saharan Africa.
Tunisians top migrant list
Since the start of 2019, some 3,126 migrants have reached Italy, with nationals from Tunisia topping the list, followed by Pakistan, Ivory Coast, Algeria, Iraq, and Bangladesh.
More than two-thirds of these have been picked up at sea relatively close to land by the Italian navy and coastguard, or else have come to shore directly.
This year barely 300 so far have been transferred to Italy by charity rescue ships following moves by Salvini to shut the nation's ports to non-governmental organizations.
The UNHCR team disembarks 47 migrants, rescued off the coast of Lampedusa in Pozzallo, Italy, July 9, 2019. /VCG Photo
However, two boats have defied the ban in the past two weeks, bringing migrants into Lampedusa. The German-flagged Sea-Watch 3 and Italian sailboat Alex have both been impounded and their owners face fines of around 50,000 euros (56,000 U.S. dollars).
The Sea-Watch charity saw donations surge in the wake of this latest showdown and Salvini wanted to hike the threshold for potential fines to one million euros to counter this phenomenon.
It was not clear if his coalition partner, the 5-Star Movement, would accept such a rise. Salvini complained at the weekend that 5-Star ministers were not helping enough to tackle the sea-borne migrants, saying he felt "left alone."
"Salvini feels alone? Then let's send him a teddy bear," Luigi Di Maio, leader of the 5-Star Movement, said on Monday.
Looking to smooth the friction, Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte has called a meeting of ministers on Wednesday.
"The meeting was convened to coordinate action by the various ministers and to avoid any overlaps or misunderstandings arising," Conte's office said in a statement.
Source(s): Reuters

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) highlighted its new ARM-based server chip, codenamed Seattle, this week as it laid out the company's "ambidextrous computing" roadmap and its forthcoming Project Skybridge design environment.
It was the first public demonstration of Seattle, a 64-bit ARM-based Opteron A-Series processor. The CPU started shipping to customers in January and runs a Linux environment derived from the Fedora Project Linux distribution.
The ARM architecture enables many more cores and threads to operate in those huge data centre environments, he said.
The San Francisco announcement highlighted AMD's new "Project Skybridge" design framework, which is due in 2015 and will consist of a new family of 20 nanometer APUs and systems-on-a-chip (SoCs) that AMD expects will be the world's first pin-compatible ARM and x86 processors.
According to a story on Computerworld.com, chips developed as part of Project Skybridge could be deployed in servers such as Hewlett-Packard's "Project Moonshot," a dense server that combines x86 and ARM processors in a single chassis.
The story notes, however, that AMD officials haven't said whether Project Skybridge would be applied to server hardware.
"AMD now takes a bold step forward and has become the only company that can provide high-performance 64-bit ARM and x86 CPU cores paired with world-class graphics," said Rory Read, president and CEO of AMD at the announcement in San Francisco this week.
AMD (Nasdaq: AMD) estimates the market for ARM- and x86-based processors at around US$80 billion and growing. While the x86 share has been declining slowly, the company still predicts it will account for some 40 per cent of the total addressable market by 2018. ARM will account for about the same share by that time, as Power, MIPS and various proprietary architectures are slowly squeezed.


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Q: vcovCR() on a plm object not working within a function I have recently noticed that calling vcovCR() (from the clubSandwich package) on a plm object (from package plm) within a function doesn't seem to work properly.
A simple example to recreate my finding is listed below.
example.plm <- function(some.data, linear.formula, cluster.variable){
  require(plm)
  require(clubSandwich)
  model.output <- plm(formula = linear.formula, data = some.data, model = "within", index = cluster.variable)
  vcovCR(model.output, cluster = some.data[, cluster.variable], type="CR1S")
}

We now run the function on the famous iris data
example.plm(some.data = iris,
            linear.formula = "Sepal.Length ~ Sepal.Width + Petal.Length + Petal.Width",
            cluster.variable = "Species")

and end up with an error message that reads: Error in eval(mf$data, envir) : object 'some.data' not found.
However, running the same calculations, but not inside the function works just fine:
require(clubSandwich)
model.output <- plm(formula = Sepal.Length ~ Sepal.Width + Petal.Length + Petal.Width, data = iris, model = "within", index = "Species")
vcovCR(model.output, cluster = iris[, "Species"], type="CR1S")

Am I missing something here? Why can the function be run just fine outside of another function, but not inside one? To confuse matters further, this problem does not occur when using an lm() object instead of a plm() object. In addition, if I remove the cluster = some.data[, cluster.variable] part from the vcovCR() call inside the function, it also works for some reason.

A: It may be a bug in the following lines of the clubSandwich:::get_index_order function, which is called from within vcovCR:
envir <- environment(obj$formula)
mf <- match.call(plm::plm, call = obj$call, envir = envir)

It appears match.call is looking for your variable some.data in the top level environment, whereas it exists only within the scope of your example.plm() function.
Maybe raise a bug report with the clubSandwich package maintainer?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Form 990, Part VI, Line 11 relates to the organization's process for filing the Form 990 prior to the form being filed with the IRS. Line 11 includes two parts.
First, the question asks whether the Form 990 was provided to the organization's governing body before it was filed. This question should only be answered yes if the full form, including required schedules, was provided to each voting member of the governing body prior to its being filed with the IRS. This can be accomplished by sending a copy to each member by email prior to filing.
If the form is subject to a review process by the governing body, board committee members or management, regardless of when the return is filed, additional details are requested. A description of the process by which the review took place should be detailed in Form 990, Schedule O, including the specifics of who conducted the review and the extent of the review.


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Aaron Benjamin Feinberg (June 27, 1981) is an American inline skater, born in Gainesville, Florida. Feinberg resides in Portland, Oregon and has been skating since he was 12 years old.

Skating career
Feinberg initially had success as a park skater, skating skateparks and halfpipes, but progressed into a high-energy street skater. Feinberg is defined by his fluid style, high-power skating and constant innovation.

Feinberg rose to the very top of the skating world after being sponsored by Salomon Group. Salomon were so impressed with the talent of the young skater that they released the Salomon Aaron Feinberg Pro Model Inline Skate Model 2001. This skate became one of the most popular selling skates, and catapulted Salomon to a brief domination of the rollerblade market.

After participating in the X Games, Feinberg secured several competition medals during three years of participation:
1997 - 1st Place Park (Gold)
1998 - 3rd Place Park (Bronze)
1999 - 3rd Place Park (Bronze)

In the Mindgame video Words, Feinberg skates for the first time in a video for Universal Skate Design Team.

Feinberg has been a part of a group of rollers who, over the last two decades, have been responsible for the progression of roller-blading as a spectacle, as well as a sport. During this time, roller-blading has been in the shadow of skateboarding in terms of popularity.

In October 2000 he was ranked fifth in the ASA World Championships.

Feinberg has received a total of four professional skates throughout his career, the first from Salomon (the same model was also the first skate to feature the Universal Frame System) and the rest being released by USD, including the USD Aaron Feinberg aggro skates.

Feinberg no longer skates for the USD Team, but is widely regarded to be one of the best skaters from 1997 until around 2007.

Aaron placed first in the Veterans division at the 2019 Blading Cup.

Film career
Feinberg has appeared in videos such as "Hoax 4", "Brain Fear Gone" (which is an anagram for the name Aaron Feinberg), "Videogroove 9" (VG9), Senate's 1999 team video "Standfast", "Suitable Material", Salomon videos "Focused" (1999) Saltless Water (2000) and "Burning Bridges" (2001), "USD Legacy" (2005), and Mindgame videos "Words" (2002), "Bang!" (2004), and "Accidental Machines" (2006).

Personal life
Feinberg and his girlfriend Cristina are known to frequent a local lounge in Portland called "The Crown Room" located in the Old Town District.

Citations and notes

References
 Rinehart, Robert E., Sydnor, Synthia, To the Extreme: Alternative Sports, Inside and Out, State University of New York Press, 2003
 Kaminker, Laura, In-Line Skating! Get Aggressive, The Rosen Publishing Group, 1999
 Noworyta, Paul, Transplant to Handplant: In Pursuit of a Dream ..., iUniverse, 2006
 Koff, Stephen, & Ertel, Karen, The Shopper's Guide to Washington, D.C.: Where to Find the Best of Everything, Capital Books, 2004
 Words (Mindgame), Produced by Trendkiller/Mindgame, Dustin Latimer and Shane Coburn editors, starring: Aaron Feinberg, Chris Farmer, Dustin Latimer, DVD media, 2003 Rollingvideos.com

1981 births
Living people
Aggressive inline skaters
Sportspeople from Gainesville, Florida
Jewish American sportspeople
21st-century American Jews

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Women in IT was originally established as a separate non-profit organisation focused on addressing the gender imbalance within the IT industry in South Africa. Today, it is a Chapter of the Institute of Information Technology Professionals South Africa (IITPSA), creating greater access and networking opportunities for women in the ICT space.
We strive to encourage and empower young women who are seeking a career within the IT sector, as well as uplift women who are already established in IT careers. We do this through our bursary programme, mentorship programme, events and through our communication channels.


(R) The right-half of this photograph shows a buffer stop of the railway track of JR-Tokai at Tokyo Terminal.
The left-half of the photo is the shinkansen track of JR-East, which extends to Yamagata, Akita and Aomori.
the superb service to train passengers.
The Government of Japan allows smoking inside of a train.
The smoking space in a train is necessary for all smokers, and that is the superb service to a customer?
is the superb service to train passengers.
Kyushu Shinkansen provides a smoking room.
Keisei private railway company decided to close all smoking vehicles serving Narita International Airport, in July 2010.
No more, 'smoking-seat' ticket is available afterwards.
All non-smoking Tokyo-Kanazawa bullet trains run between Tokyo and Kanazawa, via Nagano.


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99.1 Other Events; Financial Statements and Exhibits
INDT similar filings
19 Jul 21 Indus Announces Chief Financial Officer Transition
15 Jul 21 Indus Announces Agreement to Acquire an Industrial/logistics Building
8 Jul 21 Results of Operations and Financial Condition
30 Jun 21 Other Events
28 Jun 21 Regulation FD Disclosure
21 Jun 21 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
7 Jun 21 Regulation FD Disclosure
INDT Dashboard
INDT Dashboard Financials Data Institutional Insider News Filings Transcripts Reddit ESG Shorts 8-K Filing
INDT INDUS Realty Trust 8-KOther Events
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)
INDUS REALTY TRUST, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation)
(IRS Employer Identification No.)
(Commission File Number)
641 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2 (b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4 (c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
INDT
The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Item 8.01
Entry into Limited Partnership Agreement of INDUS RT, LP
On June 28, 2021, INDUS Realty Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the "Company"), entered into the Agreement of Limited Partnership of INDUS RT, LP, a Maryland limited partnership (the "Operating Partnership"), by and among the Company, as the sole general partner, INDUS RT, LLC, a Maryland limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, as a limited partner, and the Operating Partnership (the "Limited Partnership Agreement"). The Operating Partnership will be the entity through which the Company directly and indirectly holds substantially all of its assets and conducts its operations.
On June 28, 2021, INDUS Realty Trust, LLC, a Maryland limited liability company and the predecessor to the Operating Partnership, filed Articles of Conversion converting to a limited partnership and a Certificate of Limited Partnership establishing the Operating Partnership with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland.
A copy of the Limited Partnership Agreement is filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
There are a number of significant risks related to the Company's entry into the Limited Partnership Agreement, including the risk factor contained below and the risk factors contained in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2020.
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future with the Operating Partnership or its partners.
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between the Company and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the Operating Partnership or any partner thereof, on the other. The Company's directors and officers have duties to the Company under applicable Maryland law in connection with their direction of the management of the Company. At the same time, the Company, as general partner of the Operating Partnership, have duties to the Operating Partnership and to the limited partners under Maryland law in connection with the management of the Operating Partnership. Under Maryland law, the general partner of a Maryland limited partnership has fiduciary duties of care and loyalty, and an obligation of good faith, to the partnership and its partners. While these duties and obligations cannot be eliminated entirely in the limited partnership agreement, Maryland law permits the parties to a limited partnership agreement to specify certain types or categories of activities that do not violate the general partner's duty of loyalty and to modify the duty of care and obligation of good faith, so long as such modifications are not unreasonable. These duties as general partner of the Operating Partnership to the partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the interests of the Company. Under the Limited Partnership Agreement, the limited partners of the Operating Partnership expressly agree that the general partner of the Operating Partnership is acting for the benefit of the Operating Partnership, the limited partners of the Operating Partnership and the Company's stockholders, collectively. The general partner is under no obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the limited partners in deciding whether to
cause the Operating Partnership to take or decline to take any actions. If there is a conflict between the interests of the Company or the Company's stockholders, on the one hand, and the interests of the limited partners of the Operating Partnership, on the other, the Limited Partnership Agreement provides that any action or failure to act by the general partner that gives priority to the separate interests of the Company or the Company's stockholders that does not result in a violation of the contractual rights of the limited partners of the Operating Partnership under the Limited Partnership Agreement will not violate the duties that the general partner owes to the Operating Partnership and its partners.
Additionally, the Limited Partnership Agreement provides that the Company generally will not be liable to the Operating Partnership or any partner for any action or omission taken in the Company's capacity as general partner, for the debts or liabilities of the Operating Partnership or for the obligations of the Operating Partnership under the Limited Partnership Agreement, except for liability for the Company's fraud, willful misconduct or gross negligence, pursuant to any express indemnity the Company may give to the Operating Partnership or in connection with a redemption. The Operating Partnership must indemnify the Company, the Company's directors and officers, officers of the Operating Partnership and the Company's designees from and against any and all claims that relate to the operations of the Operating Partnership, unless (1) an act or omission of the person was material to the matter giving rise to the action and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) the person actually received an improper personal benefit in violation or breach of the Limited Partnership Agreement or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. The Operating Partnership must also pay or reimburse the reasonable expenses of any such person in advance of a final disposition of the proceeding upon its receipt of a written affirmation of the person's good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to repay any amounts paid or advanced if it is ultimately determined that the person did not meet the standard of conduct for indemnification. The Operating Partnership is not required to indemnify or advance funds to any person with respect to any action initiated by the person seeking indemnification without the Company's approval (except for any proceeding brought to enforce such person's right to indemnification under the Limited Partnership Agreement) or if the person is found to be liable to the Operating Partnership on any portion of any claim in the action.
No reported decision of a Maryland appellate court has interpreted provisions that are similar to the provisions of the Limited Partnership Agreement that modify the fiduciary duties of the general partner of the Operating Partnership, and the Company has not obtained an opinion of counsel regarding the enforceability of the provisions of the Limited Partnership Agreement that purport to waive or modify the fiduciary duties and obligations of the general partner of the Operating Partnership.
This Current Report on Form 8-K includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. These forward-looking statements include INDUS's beliefs and expectations regarding future events or conditions. Although INDUS believes that its plans, intentions and
expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. The projected information disclosed herein is based on assumptions and estimates that, while considered reasonable by INDUS as of the date hereof, are inherently subject to significant business, economic, competitive and regulatory uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond the control of INDUS and which could cause actual results and events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Other important factors that could affect the outcome of the events set forth in these statements are described in INDUS's Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including the "Business," "Risk Factors" and "Forward-Looking Statements" sections in INDUS's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2020 and the "Risk Factor" included in this Current Report on Form 8-K. INDUS disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of developments occurring after the date of this Current Report on Form 8-K except as required by law.
Financial Statements and Exhibits.
Agreement of Limited Partnership of INDUS RT, LP, dated June 28, 2021.
Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
/s/Anthony J. Galici
Anthony J. Galici


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Parramasala secured until 2019
One of the state's biggest multicultural festivals, Parramasala, will remain a feature on the Western Sydney cultural calendar for at least the next four years
NSW Premier Mike Baird and Minister for Multiculturalism John Ajaka today announced the NSW Government has committed $1.6 million over four years in the 2016-17 Budget to secure Parramasala.
"We live in one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world and Parramasala is an event that celebrates our differences and encourages community harmony," Mr Baird said.
"Now in its seventh year, Parramasala continues to grow and attracts tens of thousands of people each year to Parramatta and Harris Park in Western Sydney."
"This is a much anticipated event and we're proud to support its return to Western Sydney until 2019.
"Parramasala is an energetic, vibrant and colourful celebration of Indian and South Asian customs, traditions and cuisines and also welcomes contributions from all multicultural communities," Mr Ajaka said.
"It's only fitting that one of the state's premier multicultural festivals is held in Parramatta, the geographic and cultural heart of Sydney."
Parliamentary Secretary for Multiculturalism and Member for Parramatta Dr Geoff Lee said: "I am pleased the NSW Government is supporting this much-anticipated event that turn Parramatta into a dazzling sea of colour and music."
Chairman of Parramasala Dr G.K Harinath OAM said: "This funding commitment will allow us to make Parramasala bigger and better than ever before."
Details about this year's festival will be released over the coming months. For more information visit: www.parramasala.com


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Economic Development Essay
The meaning of economic development (ED) has broadened over time with the progress of the study of ED. One can claim that the study of ED may have originated in the writings of Adam Smith or the Classical School of Economics, but the subject as it is known today began only in the 1930s. There is a general agreement that the systematic study of ED focusing on a large number of developing countries (in Africa, Asia, and Latin America) emerged only after World War II. As the understanding of ED as a phenomenon broadened over time, the meaning of ED also changed, gaining in breadth, clarity, and precision. As a result, there have been many views and definitions for ED in the related literature. Researchers have used the term in three different senses. Most of them seem to have used it to refer to a desirable state of a society such as a modern industrial society, while others have used the term to refer to processes of transformation by which such a state is reached over time or to actions undertaken by various local, national, and international actors to improve quality of life in societies at various levels.
Traditionally, prior to the 1970s, the term ED referred to the capacity of an economy to increase and sustain total output or income. This essentially meant what is defined as economic growth today and improvements in such factors affecting economic growth as technology, productivity, and structural changes. Economic growth can be defined as an increase in total real output or real income measured by real gross domestic product (GDP) or real gross national product (GNP). Some references are found in the literature that define economic growth as increases in real GDP per capita or real GNP per capita, rather than real GDP or real GNP. The terms GDP, GNP, GDP per capita, and GNP per capita are described in the next section. However, prior to the 1970s, ED was seen as an economic phenomenon in which economic growth was at the center.
The experience of many developing countries in the 1950s and 1960s clearly indicated that economic growth did not necessarily improve the overall standard of living and general well-being of people in those societies. This led to the understanding that ED is not merely an economic phenomenon and it encompasses a much broader spectrum of factors that represent both economic and noneconomic dimensions. Dudley Seers, for example, argued that ED goes beyond economic factors and includes noneconomic factors such as basic human needs and equity. Further, he argued that economic growth does not necessarily guarantee decreases in poverty, unemployment, or inequality in income distribution. Contributions of Seers and others who emphasized the importance of noneconomic factors gave rise to the much broader view of development that came to be known as Human Needs–Centered Development as opposed to Growth-Centered Development. According to this view, ED implies such noneconomic aspects as equality, democracy, true national independence, high levels of literacy, and education, equal status for women, human security, and sustainable ability to meet future needs, in addition to low levels of poverty and unemployment.
Sen's Capabilities Approach
In the 1980s and 1990s, dismal growth performance combined with serious problems of poverty and fiscal and external deficits in many developing countries highlighted the fact that ED must be thought of as a multidimensional phenomenon requiring fundamental changes in entire social systems. At present, many believe that Amartya Sen, the Nobel laureate in economics in 1998, is the leading thinker on the meaning of ED. His views on economic development are sometimes referred to as Sen's capabilities approach. According to this approach, ED has to be about enhancing basic human capabilities and freedoms of people to live the lives they choose to lead. Income is only one factor that affects human capabilities and freedoms, and therefore, ED goes far beyond reducing income poverty. He argued that economic growth is not an end in itself, and that development has to do more with enhancing the lives people lead and the freedoms they enjoy. He further argued that poverty cannot be properly measured by income. In his view, the well-being of people depends on what people can and do make of commodities and not on the characteristics of commodities they consume.
Sen has identified five broad factors apart from income that affect capabilities of people to live the lives they choose to lead. They include (1) personal heterogeneities in such terms as age, gender, and disabilities; (2) environmental diversities such as differences in climate and clothing requirements; (3) variations in social climate in such terms as the crime rates and rates of violence; (4) differences in relational perspectives (i.e., differences in relative deprivation); and (5) distribution within the family (distribution of family resources among family members by gender, age, etc.). In his view, the goal of ED is to enhance capabilities and freedoms enabling people to live the lives they desire.
As stated earlier, there are many definitions for the term ED in the related literature. There has been no consensus on any particular one of them except for the broad agreement that ED must mean something much broader than economic growth or mere improvements in favorable economic conditions. Many argue that economic growth is necessary but not sufficient for development. Some argue that the emphasis placed on growth is too much and there is no evidence to support that growth increases happiness. And therefore, ED is possible even without economic growth in certain contexts. However, many others (for example Lewis) argue that economic growth is essential for developing countries as a means of increasing choices and advancing human freedoms.
Michael P. Todaro's definition of development is a good example for the broad view of development that exists today. He defines development in very broad terms as "the sustained elevation of an entire society and social system toward a 'better' or more humane life." He identifies three core values of development: sustenance (being able to meet basic needs), self-esteem (being able to live a life with a sense of worth and self-respect), and freedom from servitude (being able to choose). He also identifies three broad objectives of development: to increase the availability and widen the distribution of basic life-sustaining goods, to raise levels of living, and to expand the range of economic and social choices available to individuals and nations.
A set of internationally committed development goals for the early decades of the new millennium has been developed in the United Nations (UN) Millennium Declaration adopted in September 2000. This set, widely known as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), includes the following eight goals: (1) eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; (2) achieve universal primary education; (3) promote gender equality and empower women; (4) reduce child mortality; (5) improve material health; (6) combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases; (7) ensure environmental sustainability; and (8) develop a global partnership for development. A comprehensive set of targets to achieve each these goals and indicators by which progress can be judged have also been developed. In total, there are 18 such targets and 48 indicators.
Measuring Economic Development
Traditional measures are the national income measures derived from GDP and GNP, which can be considered broadly as measures of economic growth rather than ED. GDP is the total value of all final goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specified period of time, in general a year. GNP is the value of final goods and services produced by resources belonging to the nation (citizens and permanent residents), both in and out of the country. GNP is the sum of GDP and the net factor income from abroad. Net factor income from abroad is the difference between factor incomes, such as dividends, earned from abroad and factor payments made to foreigners. It can be positive when incomes exceed payments or negative when payments exceed income during the given period. As a result, GNP can be smaller than GDP when the net factor income from abroad is negative. In such cases, GNP may be a better measure of national income than GDP. However, GDP and GNP are measures of both the level of output and the level of income. International organization like the World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, [IBRD]) refer to GNP as the Gross National Income (GNI).
The national income measures include real GNP per capita, real GDP per capita, and their annual growth rates (annual percentage changes). Real GDP and real GNP are the GDP and GNP measured at constant prices (prices in a year selected as the base year), respectively. They can be computed by deflating nominal GDP (GDP measured at current prices) and nominal GNP (GNP measured at current prices) by an appropriate price index, such as GDP deflator or Consumer Price Index (CPI). Thus, real GDP and real GNP are the values of GNP adjusted for inflation, respectively. Real GDP per capita and real GNP per capita values are computed by dividing real GDP and real GNP by total population, respectively. These GDP-based per capita measures have been used for measuring national levels of ED and criteria for their comparison over time and across nations.
International Comparisons
For international comparisons, GDP or GNP per capita measured in national currencies of different countries must be expressed in a common currency. Earlier, the standard practice was to convert the national values into U.S. dollar values using official exchange rates. The use of official exchange rates in conversion has been criticized for the fact that official exchange rates in developing countries are not competitive market exchange rates and are thus unrealistic. They are distorted by direct and indirect trade and exchange controls and the existence of multiple exchange rates, including illegal black market exchange rates.
In addition, the rankings of GDP per capita converted using official exchange rates do not necessarily portray the true rankings of per capita incomes in terms of their purchasing power among the countries ranked, because the purchasing power of one dollar differs in different countries due to differences in the prices of goods and services. The method of using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) exchange rates in conversion takes these differences into account and produces better rankings of international per capita incomes as measures of ED. Estimates of GDP and GNP in terms of PPP are reported in the publications of various agencies of the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), among others. However, one can argue that GNP per capita values thus calculated are still not comparable for reasons such as practical difficulties of measurement and the inclusion of certain goods and services in GDP by some countries but not by others.
Measurement Shortcomings
GDP is considered as the best measure of total output and economic growth, yet it suffers from many shortcomings as a measure of total output. GDP may underestimate total output for various reasons. It includes only the values of market activity (goods and services that are traded in markets) and the values of such nonmarket activity as subsistence farming, and unpaid household production activities are excluded. Developing countries have significantly large informal or subsistence sectors in which a substantial proportion of production is not directed toward markets or traded through barter. The values of some goods and services traded in markets, particularly in rural areas, are also excluded as they are not formally recorded. Some values of market activities such as illegal activities (underground economy) are unreported or underreported to avoid taxes. The value of excluded activities can be estimated, but finding accurate prices for goods and services untraded or traded through barter may be difficult for many reasons. Based on the above mentioned shortcomings, it has been argued that GDP is not an accurate measure of economic growth.
As measures of ED, real GDP per capita and real GNP per capita have also been widely considered as indicators of the standard of living and general wellbeing of people in a country. Standard of living and general well-being depend not only on the availability of goods and services brought about by economic growth but also on their quality and many other economic and noneconomic factors such as the composition and distribution of total output, changes in the rates of crime and violence, environmental quality, and changes in the number of hours of leisure, etc. GDP ignores the negative effects of economic growth such as environmental degradation, pollution, and congestion. It also ignores the qualitative changes in produced goods and services over time. Any changes in the quantity and quality of leisure enjoyed by people are also not incorporated into GDP. As a result, real GDP per capita and real GNP per capita cannot be considered as accurate indicators of standard of living or general well-being of the people.
Recently, attempts have been made to refine GDP statistics to eliminate some of these shortcomings. For example, measures called Green GDP and Net Economic Welfare (NEW) have been developed to take into account the negative effects of economic growth such as environmental degradation and crime. Notwithstanding their shortcomings, real GDP per capita and real GNP per capita have been found to be correlated with many other economic and noneconomic indicators, such as rates of literacy, mortality rates, and rates of educational attainment. And therefore, they are still widely regarded as important comprehensive measures of standard of living, general wellbeing, and ED.
Alternative Measurements
Realization of many shortcomings of national income measures, and the understanding that ED is a much broader phenomenon than economic growth, led to the search for alternative and complementary indictors such as social indicators of development identified by the United Nations Research Institute on Social Development in 1970. In the mid-1970s, Morris David Morris developed the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI), which summarizes infant mortality, life expectancy at age one, and basic literacy on a zero to 100 scale. International rankings based on PQLI differed from the rankings based on GNP per capita as some high income countries (for example, Middle East oil-producing countries) ranked low in terms PQLI and some low-income countries (for example, Sri Lanka) ranked high in terms of PQLI. However, the practice of assigning equal weights to the three indicators included in PQLI in calculations has been cited as a shortcoming of the measure.
Many believe that the Human Development Index (HDI) developed by the UN Development Program (UNDP) to be the most comprehensive measure of ED developed so far. HDI is a composite index that combines three important dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life (measured by life expectancy), knowledge (measured by adult literacy and enrollment at the primary, secondary, and tertiary level), and standard of living (measured by per capita income adjusted for purchasing power differences). The index, which was developed in 1990 and subsequently refined, taking criticisms into account, ranks countries on a scale of 0 (lowest human development) to 1 (highest human development). Rankings of different countries have been reported by UNDP in its annual Human Development Reports since 1990.
At present, the countries with an HDI below 0.5 are included in the category of "low human development" and the countries with an HDI of 0.8 or greater are included in the category of "high human development." The rest of the countries ranked belonged to the category of "medium human development." UNDP itself acknowledges that HDI is not in any sense a comprehensive measure of human development, because it does not include, for example, such important indicators as gender or income inequality, human rights, and political freedoms. Yet, it provides a broadened prism for viewing human progress and the complex relationship between income and wellbeing. However, recently UNDP has developed other indexes such as the Human Poverty Index for Developing Countries (HPI-1), the Human Poverty Index for Selected OECD Countries (HPI-2), the Gender Related Development Index (GDI), and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM).
The fact that ED is a complex multidimensional phenomenon makes it impossible to develop a single comprehensive measure that can fully capture both quantitative and qualitative changes in all of the economic and noneconomic dimensions of ED. All of the measures that have been developed so far have their strengths and shortcomings as well. Therefore, measurement of ED does necessarily require use of many complementary indictors representing all of the economic, social, political, cultural, and other dimensions of social welfare. Information about such indicators can be found in annual reports of several international organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, and the IMF.
Models of Linear Stages of Growth
As mentioned earlier, there are disagreements among researchers about the origin of ED thought. For some, it dates back to Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations (1776). For others, it began in the 1930s. Many agree, however, that the systematic study of ED began only after World War II. During this period, many models and theories have been developed to explain the process of ED and factors affecting the process. These theories can be categorized in many ways. Broadly, four major views dominate the post–World War II literature on ED. They are the models of linear stages of growth, models of structural change, models of international dependence, and neoclassical models of market fundamentalism.
Models of linear stages of growth viewed faster economic growth as ED, and the process of development as a series of successive stages of economic growth. Savings and capital formation are the crucial determinants of economic growth. For example, according to Rostow's stages of growth theory, a country passes through five stages of ED:
Traditional society: Subsistence activity dominates the economy. Production of output is mainly for producers' consumption and not for sale. Direct exchange (barter) is the most widely practiced form of trade. Traditional agriculture that depends on labor-intensive technology is the most important sector.
Pre-conditions for take-off: A stage of transition characterized by increased specialization that generates surpluses for trading, emergence of economic infrastructure such as transport in support of trade, emergence of entrepreneurs, considerable growth of income, savings, and investment. External trade also occurs, concentrating on primary products.
Take-off: A stage of increased industrialization that is characterized by rising industrial employment as workers switch from the agricultural sector to the manufacturing sector. Growth, however, is not widespread and concentrated in a few regions and a few (one or two) manufacturing industries. The rate of investment exceeds 10 percent of total income. New political and social institutions evolve in support of the industrialization and economic transition taking place. Higher levels of investment lead to increased incomes which, in turn, generate higher levels of savings for further investment required for self-sustaining growth.
Drive to maturity: A stage of increased diversification of economy in terms of the structures of output and employment, technological innovations, and investment opportunities. The dependence on imports decreases as a result of output growth.
Age of high mass consumption: The highest stage of development in which the economy is geared toward mass consumption. As a result, the industries producing consumer durable goods flourish and the tertiary (service sector) becomes increasingly dominant.
Walt Rostow's model emphasizes the importance of preconditions and substantial increases in investment (domestic or foreign) in capital for achieving a successful stage of take-off. However, many development economists argue that Rostow's model has only limited applicability to developing countries for various reasons. The fact that the model was developed by generalizing the experience of the developed West limits the model's applicability to a large number of developing countries which are diverse in many ways and different from the comparable historical stages of the developed countries. Some argue that the model does not explain in sufficient detail the nature of the preconditions for growth. It has also been pointed out that in practice policy makers are unable to clearly identify various stages as they merge together. The fact that the model is clearly a model of growth rather than a model of development also limits its applicability.
Roy Harrod (1939) and Evsey Domar (1946) developed the Harrod-Domar Model in the 1940s mainly to explain the relationship between growth and unemployment in developed countries. It has been extensively used to investigate the relationship between growth and capital requirements in developing countries. Also known as the AK model, the Harrod-Domar model uses a simple production function, with constant returns to scale, in which output linearly depends on capital (i.e., the level of output is always a constant times the capital stock). According to the model, economic growth rate (g) depends on the national savings ratio (s) and the capital-output ratio (k) or the productivity of capita (i.e., g=s/k).
This model highlights the necessity of generating more savings and investments for faster economic growth. One can argue that higher savings and productive investments are necessary but not sufficient for economic growth or development in developing countries. The model ignores the role of technology and other social, political, and institutional factors. The assumptions of fixed capital-to-output, capital-to-labor, and labor-to-output limit the applicability of the model to only very short periods of time.
Influenced by the Marshall Plan and the Cold War, the model fails to recognize the crucial differences between developing countries and the developed countries.
Models Of Structural Change
Models of structural change gained popularity in the 1960s and 1970s. These models viewed ED essentially as a process of structural transformation from a traditional subsistence economy to a more diverse modern industrial economy. The surplus labor theory developed by Sir Arthur Lewis and later extended by John Fei and Gustav Ranis, and the empirical studies that focused on the patterns of structural changes in developing countries, are among the best known examples for models of structural changes.
The Lewis model (1954) assumes a dual economy with a traditional agriculture sector and a modern industrial sector. The traditional sector is characterized by low levels of productivity, savings, income, and a surplus of labor. The modern offers relatively higher wages that help attract surplus labor from the traditional sector without causing any loss of output in that sector. The progress of the modern sector depends directly on investment and capital formation in that sector. The growth in the modern sector generates demand and also provides funds for investment. Higher incomes generated by the modern sector trickle down throughout the economy. Based on the empirical experiences of developing countries, the model has been criticized mainly for its assumptions such as the existence of surplus labor in agriculture while there is full employment in the industrial sector, the existence of constant demand for labor from the industrial sector, the existence of constant real wages in the industrial sector until the surplus labor is completely exhausted, and the existence of diminishing returns in the industrial sector.
Models Of International Dependence
Models of international dependence became very popular in the 1970s. Some of them have their origins in developing countries. The names of Raul Prebisch, Paul Baran, Andre Gunder Frank, Samir Amin, and Arghiri Emmanuel are closely associated with this class of theories. These models viewed a set of international and domestic institutional, political, and economic rigidities and the dependence on developed countries which dominate international power relations as responsible for underdevelopment in developing countries. The emphasis was placed on the need for terminating political, economic, and cultural dependence of developing countries for their development.
Broadly, this class of models includes three different models: neocolonial dependence model (exploitation of developing countries (the periphery) by developed countries (the center) is largely responsible for underdevelopment in the periphery, false paradigm model (faulty and inappropriate advice from the experts representing the interests of the developed countries is responsible for underdevelopment), and dualistic-dependence model (existence of dual societies and persistence of widening gap between the rich and the poor at national and international levels are responsible for underdevelopment). Models of international dependence have been criticized for failing to offer clear insights into how countries initiate and sustain development. The experience of some developing countries shows that their policy prescriptions such as import substitution have not produced expected favorable outcomes for development.
The Neoclassical Models
The neoclassical models of market fundamentalism gained popularity as models of ED during the 1980s and 1990s. Their emergence has been identified closely with the neoclassical (or neoliberal) counterrevolution in economic theory. The economists like I. M. D. Little, Harry G. Johnson, Bela Balassa, and Deepak Lal are among the leading thinkers in this class of models. According to these models, market imperfections and distortions created largely by excessive government involvement and regulations that result in inefficient allocation of resources are responsible for underdevelopment in developing countries. Economic liberalization, privatization and downsizing the government, deregulation of markets, and promoting free trade and foreign direct investment are seen as crucial for efficient allocation of resources and economic development.
Three different variants can be found among the neoclassical models: free-market analysis (which assumes that markets in developing countries are efficient and effective in resource allocation and the effect of existing imperfections are negligible), new political economy approach (or public-choice theory which argue that the actions of politicians, governments, bureaucrats, and citizens driven solely by self-interest result in misallocation of resources), and market-friendly approach (which recognizes the existence of certain market imperfections in developing countries and that governments have a responsibility to play certain roles in a market friendly manner).
The traditional neoclassical growth models grew out of the Harrod-Domar model and the Solow neoclassical growth model. Robert Solow uses an aggregate production function model in which the level of output depends on the capital stock, labor, and technology. The Solow model assumes diminishing returns for both capital and labor inputs. Technology is assumed to be exogenously determined. According to the traditional neoclassical growth models, economic growth depends on the quantity and quality of labor, capital, and technology. They argue that capital inflows from developed countries make it possible for open economies to grow faster than regulated closed economies. Therefore, economic liberalization and deregulation are favorable for ED.
These policy prescriptions were widely adopted by a large number of developing countries during the 1980s and the 1990s, paving the way for an increased international integration of their economies. However, there has been strong opposition to the adoption of neoclassical policy prescriptions both in national and international levels. Neoclassical models have been criticized for using assumptions that are unrealistic in the context of developing countries, such as the existence of competitive markets. They are also criticized for failing to recognize social, economic, institutional, and cultural differences between developing countries and developed countries on the one hand and the differences among developing countries themselves on the other.
Many influential models, which are considered as modern models of development and underdevelopment, have been developed since the late 1980s. Among them are the models of endogenous growth, such as Paul Romer's model of endogenous growth, Michael Kremer's O-ring model, and many other models which differ from classical models to offer better explanations for the current states of ED in developing countries. For some of these models, the reader is referred to Todaro's popular text book on ED.
Tim Allen and Alan Thomas, eds., Poverty and Development into the 21st Century (Oxford University Press, 2000);
Hollis B. Chenery and T. N. Srinivasan, eds., Handbook of Development Economics (Elsevier, 1989);
Ramón López and Michael Toman, Economic Development and Environmental Sustainability: New Policy Options (Oxford University Press, 2006);
Bill McKibben, Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future (Times Books, 2007);
Wayne Nafziger, Economic Development (Cambridge University Press, 2006);
Thomas Odamtten and Jeremy Millard, "Learning From Others within the Landscape of 'Transitional Economies' and the Challenge in ICT Development for African Countries," AI and Society (v.23/1, January 2009);
Dwight H. Perkins, Steven Radelet, and David L. Lindauer, Economics of Development (W. W. Norton, 2006);
Walt W. Rostow, The Stages of Economic Growth: Non-Communist Manifesto (Cambridge University Press, 1960);
Dudley Seers, "The Meaning of Development," in Development Theory: Four Critical Studies, D. Lehmann, ed. (Frank Cass, 1969, 1979);
Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom (Knopf, 1999);
Robert Solow, "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth," Quarterly Journal of Economics (v.70, 1956);
Michael P. Todaro and Stephen C. Smith, Economic Development (Pearson, Addison-Wesley, 2006);
United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report, 2003 (Oxford University Press, 2003);
World Bank, World Development Report, 2006 (Oxford University Press, 2006).
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Warren-Franklin Hall houses 328 upperclass coed students. Warren-Franklin Hall was erected in 1992 and was dedicated in the memory of two staff members in May 1996. Miss Warren was employed by the University from 1944-1969, and served as dean and assistant dean of women in Tubman Hall. Mr. Franklin was employed by the University from 1953-1978, and served as the director of Men's Activities, director of Student Personnel, track coach and registrar. Warren-Franklin is a suite-style facility, equipped with a main lounge, kitchen, recreation room, study lounges, laundry room and vending areas. Computer, television and telephone lines are available in each room.


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A Szabad Sajtó-díj a Szabad Sajtó Alapítvány által odaítélt díj, melyet 1994 óta adnak át 1848. március 15-re emlékezve az újságíráshoz kötődő személyeknek.

A kitüntetettek

 1994. Bölcs István
 1995. Pikó András
 1996. Váncsa István, Hizsnyai Zoltán
 1997.
 1998. Lévai Katalin, Szigethy András
 1999.
 2000.
 2001.
 2002. Eötvös Pál, Gálvölgyi János
 2003. Mérleg, Pikó András
 2004. A Magyar Televízió Provokátor című műsora, Nagy N. Péter
 2005. Jászberényi Sándor, Aczél Endre
 2006. Mihancsik Zsófia
 2007. Inotai Edit, Horváth Sándor, Klemm József, Szále László
 2008. Féderer Ágnes, Friderikusz Sándor
 2009. Ágoston Hugó, Andrassew Iván, Magyar Televízió Az este című műsor szerkesztősége.
 2010.
 2011. Markó Béla, Martin Schulz, Vörös T. Károly, Porcsin Zsolt, Hazafi Zsolt
 2012. Ónody-Molnár Dóra, Szilágyi Ákos, Szigeti László, Szalay Zoltán; különdíj: Földes György, Szepesi György
 2013. Mészáros Antónia, Spiró György, Pungor András, Föld S. Péter, Szabadság
 2014. Doros Judit, Parti Nagy Lajos, Pikó András, Tibori Szabó Zoltán
 2015. Grecsó Krisztián, Pápai Gábor, Kanadai Magyar Hírlap, Hovanyecz László
 2016. Bombera Krisztina, Galkó Balázs, Klecska Ernő
 2017. Rónai Egon, Láposi Elza, Szüts Miklós
 2018. Lakner Zoltán, Németh Péter, Papp Réka Kinga
2019. Alföldi Róbert, Gál J. Zoltán, Rózsa Péter
2020. Csákányi Eszter, Kardos Ernő

Források
Átadták a Szabad Sajtó-díjakat, Magyar Hírlap, 2015. szeptember 22.
Objektív és hiteles tájékoztatás a Szabad Sajtó-díj átadási ünnepségéről, Index, 2014. március 16.
Nincs szabad sajtó szabad társadalom nélkül - Szabad Sajtó Díj 2016 MSZP, 2016. március 15.
A Szabad Sajtó Alapítvány 2017-es kitüntetettjei, Népszava, 2017. március 15.
Az MSZP elnöke átadta a Szabad Sajtó Alapítvány díját, Index, 2018. március 15.

Jegyzetek

Magyar sajtódíjak


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September 22, 2018 journal public lands
The current status of our public lands
September 22 marks both the first day of fall and National Public Lands Day, a day to recognize the importance and value of our vast web of open public lands from coast to coast, set aside for conservation and recreation.
In an effort to encourage people to get outside and explore these great places of natural and historical significance, the National Park Service and other federal land management agencies are waiving admission fees and welcoming volunteers. Find an event near you to lend a helping hand or even just bring a trash bag with you on your hike to collect any garbage found along the trail. Give back through stewardship and help protect these sacred lands we're so fortunate to have access to, and I sincerely hope you're reaching into that closet, grabbing a flannel, and going for a hike today.
I usually strive to keep politics off my blog, but in a case like this, some politics needs addressing. Especially because it is a bipartisan issue with offenders and defenders in both parties. Now more than ever, public lands are in the spotlight both on state and federal levels. Under the current administration, acres of land purposely reserved for no development, mining, or logging to preserve their significant habitats, are sadly being sold-off, eliminated, and opened up to commercial and industrial destruction. Pretty much, destroyed.
[Image source: The New York Times]
For example, two of our country's most stunning national monuments, Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante were drastically reduced in size in the name of "making great business." Heavenly and expansive Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah where I've hiked, was set aside by President Clinton in 1996 and months ago had its more than 1.8 million acres slashed by 45%. These are cowardly acts, acts that would anger our fathers of conservation like Teddy Roosevelt, John Muir, and Aldo Leopold. Our public lands also lack the proper attention and fiscal support to keep them running and maintained. The National Park Service has a tremendously high and expensive backlog of almost $12.6 billion in maintenance that needs addressing and funding. It looks as if Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke and other Republican leaders are making strides to fix this issue. Well done and please do, because I've instilled confidence in you now.
We're struggling here in Wisconsin too, with our gem of a state parks system underfunded due to an absence of any kind of taxpayer support. Three years ago, more than $4.5 million was cut in state funding towards the parks system. Not a single cent of taxpayer dollars, not even one penny goes towards support our state parks, forests, and recreation areas. As a result, entrance and camping fees have gone up, services cut or limited, and park improvement or restoration projects like repairing heavily worn trails and prescribed fire to eliminate invasive species has been put aside on the back burner. A sad reality, when considering just how much tourism revenue each and every state park brings in to its surrounding community. The gas stations, the restaurants, the gear outfitters, the neighbor cutting firewood and selling it for $5 a bundle just before you get into the park, that's all supported by those traveling near and far to visit a state park.
But we can help out and we can continue to cherish and preserve these special places through stewardship, mindfulness in the outdoors, and continuing to recreate in meaningful ways that have little impact. We can stay on trails and practice Leave No Trace, donate to non-profits like friends groups (Friends of ___ State Park, Friends of ____ National Park) who work hard to advocate and bring only the best to these public lands. We can teach and share with others the importance of getting out into our public lands and appreciating all they have to offer. We can use our voices to contact members of congress, our local senators, and natural resources officials who oversee these beloved parks, to show our support or concern over hot-topic public lands issues.
"LWCF has supported more than 42,000 state and local projects. … Investments in this program help our nation's outdoor recreation, conservation and preservation businesses, which support millions of American jobs and contribute $887 billion annually to the economy."-Sen. Richard Burr, R-North Carolina
In eight days, the Land and Water Conservation Fund is on a course to run until congress reauthorizes continued funding for it. It's been around for 54 years, hasn't cost anything to taxpayers, and has been a paramount player in keeping many of our public lands accessible, maintained, preserved, and enjoyable for all. Places like state and national parks, significant historic sites like battlefields from the Civil War, parks in busy cities where green space is limited, protected wilderness areas that harbor endangered or at-risk species, and lengthy established hiking trails like the Ice Age National Scenic Trail. I'm hoping, desperately hoping something magical happens and congress restarts this proven conservation program again. Many senators, on both sides, are going to bat for it and urging full funding. I've sat down and written to my senator, have you?
Meal prepping, a brief life update, and this speci...


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Continental is one of a small number of contractors in the United States with experience and expertise in performing vertical Slip Form Construction. Slip Form Construction is a valuable cost and time saving technique for casting large concrete storage and processing facilities, especially within the dry bulk products industry. In this process, structures such as silos, meal houses, stacking tubes, etc. are poured in one continuous, 24-hour per day operation. Continental has supervision, management and tradesmen with over 35 years experience in designing and casting these structures that are so vital to industry.


If you use the right colours this Rainbow Loom owl looks amazing! We did not use the right colours!:) We should have used white bands instead of silver, and grey instead of maroon.
To tell you the truth, this is one of the most difficult RL projects we have ever attempted. That is, aside from the Rainbow Loom iPhone case.
The video tutorial for this owl started out great, but it went downhill as it progressed and became very, very difficult to follow. We do not recommend this tutorial unless you are extremely skilled at RL!
We hope that RainbowLoomCreation makes a new and improved video, because it is such a neat project!
We were just playing around one day with our Rainbow Loom when Mr. Octopus showed up! We loved him so much that we decided to make a Mrs. Octopus.
This is a time-consuming project – and it's not recommended for beginners. If you have a few charms and action figures under your belt and you know how to make a slip knot, then you're ready for the challenge.
Two looms are required to make this project.
This is Chloe. Can you spot her in our stop motion Rainbow Loom video? Chloe is a 15 year-old mouser extraordinaire! Her nickname is motor mouth because her purr in the middle of the night is loud enough to awaken the dead.
She loves butter, ice cream, chicken, and, of course, fish. She wishes that RL Fishtails were edible.
We call it the Illusion bracelet because the bands in the centre (we used our glitter bands) look like beads. You can purchase the glitter bands here.
If you can make a Fishtail bracelet, you won't have any trouble with this design. In fact, we think it's a perfect bracelet for beginners!
Excuse us for our current obsession with polka dot bands! We just had to use them in our Aunt Susan's Pom Pom Rainbow Loom Bracelet design.
This design is quirky, fun and easy peasy! If you have mastered the Single, you can do this!
We love the idea of making a Rainbow Loom iPhone case, so we hunted down a tutorial by CraftLife.
Unfortunately, we found the tutorial very difficult to follow. The first time we attempted the case it fell apart when we took it off the loom.
We put several more hours into our second attempt, and thankfully our aunt came to the rescue and figured out how to finish it without having it fall apart.
We have since learned that CraftLife has created a revised video for making the iPhone case. We look forward to trying it out, hoping that it is easier to follow.
We're a bit obsessed with our polka dot bands right now. (You can get your own here.) Don't they look fab in this Bird of Paradise bracelet?


Two weeks ago, I witnessed another miracle first-hand. I have had serious back issues since I was 15 years old, and this past weekend I threw my back out and was unable to walk or move properly for the better part of four days. Everyone's first question when I say I threw my back out is "Oooooh, doing what?" (Winking and giggling and raising their eyebrows suggestively…) and they are so disappointed when I tell them the truth: I threw my back out while sleeping. Literally.
After a few chiropractor visits and x-rays I learned that one of my legs is shorter than the other. This has left my hips at a significant slant and has thrown me into early disc degeneration; hence me throwing my back out like a 90 year old. I asked my pastor and his wife to be in prayer for permanent and miraculous healing. Isn't it just like God to answer the prayer in the same day?
I wasn't nervous, I wasn't giddy, I wasn't scared; I was completely ready and faithfully believing I would be healed. The three of us prayed and praised and believed for miraculous healing, and in that moment I felt an enormous stretching of my leg, and experienced- what seemed like- the soreness from doing a single-leg workout. When I opened my eyes and looked down at my ankle bones, they were almost completely symmetrical. I was ecstatic and too shocked to speak when my pastor said, "Lord, we are thankful. You are so awesome. This is close, but we are believing you for perfection." In the next five minutes I felt a final stretch in my leg, and my legs were perfectly even. I was healed from a life-long problem in a half-hour, and doubt never crossed my mind once!
We have been unemployed now for three months, and we are more joyful and at peace than ever. God is the Prince of Peace. I have x-rays to prove a difference in the length of my legs, yet they now are even. God is miraculous. I had an allergy that was negatively affecting everything I did, yet I was delivered from it. God is the Ultimate Healer. My classes are more demanding and difficult than ever before, yet I am experiencing so much joy in them. God is Gracious.
I challenge you to look for Him. Look when you are mocked, look when you are pitied, look when it doesn't make sense…and you will find Him. And when He removes something from you-or you from something- and the adjustment is challenging or painful; see it as a reminder of what God has delivered you from. Believe in modern day miracles, for the same God that made the blind-man see knows the numbers of hairs on your head, and every thought on your heart.


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Aldi open their 129th Irish store in Co Clare, creating 15 new jobs
by Aisling Rafferty | Apr 24, 2017 | News
Aldi open 129th Irish store in Co Clare, creating 15 new jobs.
Supermarket chain Aldi have opened their 129th Irish store in Co. Clare creating 15 new jobs. The latest branch of the German retailer, is based in Ennistymon, Co Clare.
Aldi opened their first Irish store 18 years ago with the first store opening in November 1999.
Speaking at the official opening on Friday, Declan Coyne Manager of the new Ennistymon store, said: "We are delighted to open our new Ennistymon store and look forward to welcoming many new customers from the local area.
"Aldi has grown in popularity across Ireland in recent years and we are pleased to make the quality, value and variety of our product ranges available to more people throughout Co. Clare."
Aldi used the new store launch to highlight their commitment to Irish suppliers. In the last five years Aldi has recruited over 70 new Irish suppliers, meaning Aldi now partners with more than 175 Irish producers.
Over 50% of Aldi's supplier spend is now with Irish suppliers, producers and manufacturers.
All of the retailer's fresh meats, fresh poultry, eggs, bread, flour, and many of its teas, coffees, soft drinks, waters and snacks are provided by leading Irish suppliers.


text:
Italian Football In New Financial Decline Worry
By iSportconnect | March 30, 2012
It has been revealed this week that Italian football has lost a total of Eur428 million last season, with the findings of a new report highlighting football in the country is suffering from it's worse financial climate in years.
The second edition of the 'Football Report' was published on Thursday having been produced by the Italian Football Federation (FIGC), professional services firm PricewaterhouseCoopers and Arel, Italy's Agency of Research and Legislation. According to AFP, the collective loss marked a Eur80 million increase on the figures for the 2009-10 season with only 19 of the 107 clubs in the top four divisions generating a profit.
Revenues also declined by 1.2% to Eur2.5 billion with costs increasing by 1.5% to Eur2.9 billion. Attendances also fell by 4% across Italian football with a total of 13.3 million fans seeing gate receipts drop from Eur275.4 million to Eur253 million. The report is designed to identify opportunities for regulatory intervention in order to create a more competitive Italian game, but Italy's Minister for Regional Affairs, Tourism and Sport, Piero Gnudi, admitted the results were "very worrying".
"In other areas, with these numbers, we would be talking about companies close to bankruptcy," he said. "The net worth of football is going down dramatically. We've seen other reports where everyone thought that the failure of the world of football is just around the corner and nothing happened. But today the country is going through a crisis…so it will be difficult to find sponsors who invest in football. In addition, we run the risk of not finding clubs that can register championships."


The workshop will be led by Debbie Stanley, a HR professional with over 20 years' experience in the education sector. Debbie has led a successful national HR and employment law service for schools and academies and has worked as a School Business Manager. She is known for her straightforward and pragmatic approach, excellent knowledge, and passion for supporting school leaders to achieve excellent outcomes for young people. An experienced Chair of Governors at a multi academy trust, Debbie has a wealth of relevant experience, along with a well-developed understanding of the changing landscape and challenges in education.
*Please note that should you wish to withdraw from the training less than two weeks before the date, or fail to attend on the day, your school will still be charged the full cost of the training at £160.


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 *
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BYOD or "Bring your own Device "events have become extremely popular these days. Here attendees are allowed to bring their own electronic devices to their sessions. BYOD events need to be planned extremely well. Apart from finalizing your training room rental, there are several other preparatory measures to undertake. We look at some guidelines for hosting such an event successfully.
Attendees should know what they should exactly bring with them. They should be informed about applications they need to install as well as the system requirements, well before the event date. If the participants belong to young age-group, they probably need to be informed about the security implications concerning a personal device. For instance, if they are sourcing software from the parent company, let them know about any possible restrictions or security requirements.
When you have electronic devices in the classroom, make sure you look for a seminar room rental provider who can also engage a tech support professional on-site. Technical issues are likely to be the order of the day with laptops, tablets and mobile phones at work. Without proper support, the instructor may end up spending his session time handling tech problems!
Your learners or trainees may need additional time to set up their devices before the commencement of the lecture or training program. Make sure the same has been included in the schedule and mentioned specifically. This will help attendees prepare themselves well without any hassle, stress or confusion whatsoever.
This entry was posted in Meeting room, Rental, Training Room on November 8, 2017 by .


Divergent Senate polling artifact or real movement?
Just when you think you've got this polling thing on Louisiana's U.S. Senate race figured out, here comes another one that tosses aside previous conjecturing … maybe.
September closes with a couple of candidate-related polls sandwiching two independent ones. The latest comes from the pollster for Republican Rep. John Fleming and, surprise, it's pretty flattering for him. It has Fleming just behind Republican Rep. Charles Boustany and Democrat Public Service Commissioner Foster Campbell, just ahead of former lieutenant governor candidate Democrat Caroline Fayard and Republican Treasurer John Kennedy. In other words, five candidates all poll within four percentage points.
Three major differences stand out from the last independent poll, by Southern Media Opinion and Research: Campbell's and Fleming's shares almost double and Kennedy's falls by a few points. Fayard and Boustany poll about the same, with the proportion of undecided still around the one-quarter mark (although this one presses undecided respondents to answer, creating a category of leaners that leaves only one-sixth genuinely undecided).
Welcome to the real world, Josh Pellerin, where you have the right to throw as much of your own money as you want at trying to win elective office and people have just as much right to dismiss you.
Democrat Pellerin, a businessman political novice, runs for the U.S. Senate, by his own admission anointed to do so by Pres. Barack Obama. He's dumped $300,000 into the contest (well beyond the nearly $120,000 he reported out the door at the beginning of July, of which he had lent half from himself) and says he'll go higher. His reward? According to the latest independent poll, 1.7 percent of the intended vote.
According to him, this comes from a conspiracy of pollsters and those who commission their products. Apparently, not enough of them put his name into consideration for respondents, so when candidate forum organizers go looking for contenders to invite from a crowded field of two dozen, he doesn't have a chance to attain a high-enough average for inclusion. He thinks they need investigating, presumably yet another thing government must stick its nose into according to his prevailing political worldview.
If not a polling artifact that Democrat Public Service Commissioner Foster Campbell has seen a major erosion of support in the last month, maybe it's due to a campaign approaching the erratic that reveals a Manichean worldview making Louisianans uneasy.
The latest independent poll of the U.S. Senate race that Campbell contests showed his support nearly halved from less than a month previous, falling from second to fourth place. Possibly that result comes from him having served as a Democrat placeholder for respondents not paying a lot of attention to the race prior to Labor Day who have decided to get more serious and thus now list themselves as undecided.
But that's not a strong argument, for Campbell doesn't have much name recognition outside of north Louisiana. Rather, prospective voters could be tuning in to his bombastic political style that leave them scratching their heads over contradictory signals and increasingly reluctant to back him given the plethora of alternatives.
A debate over teacher training in Louisiana has brewed, exposing traditional fault lines separating those more interested in protecting the status quo and those willing to embrace innovation that improves the dismal condition of the state's education quality.
The Board of Elementary and Secondary Education will consider next month a change to teacher preparation curricula that includes a one-year apprenticeship requirement for those hired by virtue of having an education degree. That would roughly double the current requirement, where at the end of university study a student teacher shadows an experienced one for a term. Not only could it provide better preparation but it also might improve retention, as students get a better idea of the job.
Since the effort would require stipends for the mentors and trainees involved, some have claimed that the extra expense makes the idea infeasible. Superintendent John White estimates the three-year rollout would cost $7.5 million, although others call that an underestimation and allege that as school districts face budgetary pressures brought on by flat state funding (and a partial rollback of a state bonus of two year ago aimed at classroom salaries) this should obviate the move.