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When Israel seized the initiative
Reversal of fortune: How the IDF turned the Yom Kippur War around
In this excerpt from his newly updated book, Abraham Rabinovich shows how a plea for help from Syria's Assad to Egypt's Sadat opened the way to Israel's crossing of the Suez Canal
By Abraham Rabinovich	29 September 2017, 10:23 am 1 Edit
An Israeli tank crosses the Suez Canal (Israel Defense Forces Archive)
Close to midnight, after another briefing to the cabinet and before another helicopter flight to the front, the unrelenting stress of running two wars simultaneously for six straight days caught up with IDF Chief of Staff David Elazar. He was discussing the next day's battle plans on the Egyptian and Syrian fronts with two generals and leafing through a pile of fresh reports on his desk when he turned pale and seemed about to faint.
Alarmed aides brought him water. "I don't want any pills," he said. He would need his wits for a major decision that had to be made in the coming hours.
Southern Command had been marking time for the past three days while Northern Command drove the Syrians back across the Golan cease-fire line. It was time now to weigh the next step in Sinai, a pivotal decision that would determine the outcome of the war.
Instinct was irrelevant in matters as complex as this and there was no textbook solution. But with an orderly breakdown of the issues and a readiness to follow logic wherever it led, Elazar would work his way through the problem.
As with the decision to cross the cease-fire line on the Syrian front, the process would involve a day-long exercise in thinking out loud. In the end, after sharp changes in position and fresh intelligence supplied by the Mossad, the way forward would emerge.
IDF Chief of Staff David Elazar (R) during the Yom Kippur War in 1973. (David Rubinger/Government Press Office)
The discussion began in the early hours of Friday morning, October 12, at a meeting in the Pit — the underground war room in Tel Avv — between Elazar and senior officers. Gen. (res.) Haim Bar-Lev, who had been asked to relieve Shmuel Gonen as head of Southern Command two days before, was due up from Sinai in a few hours to present his recommendations. Elazar wanted to informally examine the options before then. Northern Command's success in driving the Syrians off the Golan lightened the mood at headquarters considerably.
Intelligence chief Eli Zeira opened by noting that the Security Council was expected to pass a cease-fire resolution within forty-eight hours; he and air force commander Benny Peled urged that the IDF cross the canal before then. The air force, which had already lost more than sixty planes, had the capacity to support one more major attack if it were launched by Saturday night, said Peled. Afterwards, it would have to confine itself to defending the skies over Israel.
"You don't have to convince me that we have to attack by tomorrow night," said Elazar. "The question is what happens afterwards?"
The Yom Kippur War, by Abraham Rabinovich
His goal was a stable cease-fire that would permit Israel to rebuild its army. Defeating Egypt was no longer a near-term option. This was a painful admission for the commander of an army which until a few days before had been considered unbeatable by any combination of armies in the Middle East—an assumption he himself heartily shared. It was to Elazar's credit that he was not reduced to denial or paralysis by this startling turn of events.
The chief of staff was convinced that Egypt's President Anwar Sadat would not accept a cease-fire unless shaken by a dramatic military development. Elazar was not sure that even a crossing would do it. Defense Minister Moshe Dayan in fact argued that the Egyptians would never agree to a cease-fire if Israel gained a foothold on the canal's west bank, with Cairo no longer protected by the waterway. Even if the IDF did cross the canal and achieve a cease-fire, he said, the situation could quickly deteriorate into a war of attrition. In that event, the IDF would find itself holding a thin line on both sides of the canal against a far more numerous enemy.
This, in fact, was Elazar's worst fear. "I would be happy, and you don't know how happy," he said to his officers, "if you have any better ideas." They didn't.
If a crossing, then, where? Two formidable armored divisions remained on the west side of the canal plus a mechanized division and other forces. Together they fielded twice as many tanks as Israel could send across. Until now, the tanks that the IDF had confronted in Sinai were of far less concern than the Sagger anti-tank missiles wielded by the Egyptian infantry. Confrontation with the armored divisions meant a major, World War II–type battle. This was precisely what the IDF wanted but not while crossing a major water barrier.
If the Egyptian tanks crossed into Sinai this day or even the next, Saturday, there would still be time to defeat them and cross the canal westward before the anticipated cease-fire came into effect.
But would the armored divisions cross? Elazar asked Peled to stop bombing the bridges in order to lure them in. If the Egyptian divisions did not cross into Sinai, said Elazar, the IDF would cross in the other direction, undertaking "a maximal, hazardous offensive" by Saturday night. The designation being used by the military planners for the land across the canal was Goshen, the biblical name for the part of ancient Egypt where the Israelites had dwelt until their exodus.
Egyptian troops crossing the Suez Canal on October 7, 1973 (Photo credit: Wikicommons)
Three potential crossings were examined: a limited one at Port Said, the northern entrance to the Suez Canal; a two-divisional attack from Fort Matsmed in the central sector, and a split attack by two divisions – one at Kantara in the northern sector and one at Matsmed. Elazar himself was inclined toward a crossing at Matsmed, whose left flank was protected by the Bitter Lake, but he suspended judgment until Bar-Lev had had his say.
Bar-Lev arrived from Sinai at 9:30 a.m. The tense atmosphere he found reflected the fateful nature of the decision they were being asked to make. After conferring with the generals under his command, Bar-Lev had come to the same conclusion as Elazar. The only viable choice was a canal crossing that might throw the Egyptians off-balance and exploit Israeli tank mobility. He favored a crossing at Matsmed. "Regretfully," he said, "I don't have another solution."
Gen. Yisrael Tal, Elazar's deputy, termed the proposal a dangerous improvisation. It was not certain that bridging equipment could be brought intact through the Egyptian lines to the canal. If the crossing was inconclusive, the army would have to remain fully mobilized and subject to constant attrition. Bar-Lev said he agreed with most of Tal's assessment. "But I see no alternative."
Whether a crossing would likely lead to a cease-fire or not was a political assessment, said Elazar, and he wanted the political level involved. Dayan, who was visiting Northern Command, had told him to bring the matter before the inner cabinet if he, Dayan, had not yet returned. But at the chief of staff's insistence, the defense minister flew back to join the meeting in late morning.
Elazar reviewed for him the discussion which had been going on for several hours now. His objective, he said, was to achieve a cease-fire in order to rebuild the army "for a hundred years." Did Dayan believe a crossing would make a cease-fire more likely? Or did he not?
The defense minister bridled at the formulation. It was for Elazar to decide whether a crossing was a sound military move, he said. Political considerations were to be left to the political leadership. If Elazar recommended a crossing on its military merits, Dayan said, he would support it in the cabinet even though he believed the best hope for a cease-fire lay in advancing on the northern front another three to five miles to within artillery range of Damascus.
Peled said the air force could bomb Damascus, and already had. "There's a difference," said Dayan. "They know that planes don't conquer (territory)." Artillery, on the other hand, meant an army at the gates.
Haim Bar-Lev (Center L) consults with Ariel Sharon (with bandage) and Moshe Dayan (cap) during the Yom Kippur War. (Photo credit: GPO/ Flash 90)
After twenty minutes, the defense minister rose and said he was going to report to Prime Minister Golda Meir. He left behind his aide-de-camp, Gen. Yehoshua Raviv. Angry at Dayan's sudden departure, which he attributed to evasiveness, Elazar told Raviv to convey to the minister that he wanted the matter resolved this day. "This is a decision of tremendous military-political importance," he said. "The chief of staff will do whatever the defense minister decides."
Elazar proposed through Raviv that the matter be put to the inner cabinet. The decision was too critical, he said, to be left to him, Elazar, alone. "I want clearance from the political echelon today."
The chief of staff's blunt message brought a swift response—an invitation to the military chiefs to a meeting in Golda Meir's office with the prime minister and her civilian advisers, including Dayan.
Meanwhile, on the Egyptian side
For Egyptian chief-of-staff General Saad el-Shazly as well, this was a day for hard decisions. He had visited the canal front and returned eminently satisfied. The army was well dug in and in good spirits. Officers and soldiers were confident they could handle anything the Israelis could throw at them. The armed forces had given Sadat exactly what he asked for, a firm foothold in Sinai from which he could begin leveraging Israel out of the rest of the peninsula through political means.
When Shazly returned to Cairo headquarters, he found a message awaiting him from war minister Ahmed Ismail asking him to stop by. The question put to him by Ismail was the one Shazly had been dreading—could the army continue eastward to the passes? "It's a political decision," said Ismail.
In giving the order, Sadat was responding to a plea from Syrian President Hafez Assad, delivered by a Syrian emissary, to attack eastward in Sinai in order to ease Israeli pressure on Damascus. Sadat could no longer ignore Assad. If Syria dropped out of the war, Israel would turn all its might against Egypt.
Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat is flanked by Chief of Staff Sadedin Shazli, right, and War Minister General Ahmed Ismail, right, as he reviews maps of battle development in the desert of Sinai Peninsula, at his Army headquarters in Cairo, on October 15, 1973. (AP Photo)
The IDF counterattack on the Syrian front had failed to force Syria out of the war but it had succeeded strategically by inducing Assad to call on Egypt for help. In responding, Sadat would provide Israel what it was hoping for—a major head-on battle with the Egyptian armored divisions.
Syria's President Hafez Assad with soldiers, 1973 (The Online Museum of Syrian History)
The Egyptians had until now successfully tailored Soviet doctrine to their own needs. Soviet advisers had been involved in drawing up the plans for a canal crossing and a drive to the Sinai passes. In downsizing this plan, the Egyptians showed a healthy respect for Israeli capabilities and awareness of their own limitations.
Soviet doctrine called for armored divisions to follow up a successful crossing of a water barrier by swiftly moving inland but the Egyptian high command was refraining from attacking beyond the SAM umbrella protecting them from the Israeli air force. To Shazly's dismay, Sadat was now abandoning this basic tenet.
Not all Egyptian General Staff officers opposed an eastward drive. General Gamasy, chief of operations, believed it vital to push the Israelis back to the passes while they were still off-balance. As for the danger of moving beyond SAM coverage, he argued that the proximity of the Egyptian and Israeli tank formations in battle would make it difficult for Israeli pilots to distinguish between them. He also believed that the Egyptian air force, under Gen. Hosni Mubarak, could acquit itself reasonably well. Furthermore, SAM batteries were being shifted into Sinai at night to extend the missile umbrella eastward.
When he put his case to Ismail, Gamasy found the minister still haunted by the trauma of 1967. Voicing his concern about exposing the army to Israeli airpower, Ismail said, "We have to keep our armed forces intact." If any part of the Egyptian line broke, there was a danger that it would touch off a stampede as happened in the Six Day War. But Sadat had made his decision and there was nothing Ismail could do but obey and pray.
Debate at the inner cabinet
To the critical meeting in Mrs. Meir's office Friday afternoon, Elazar brought Bar-Lev and members of the General Staff. Also present at the prime minister's invitation was Mossad chief Zvi Zamir. The inner cabinet consisted of Mrs. Meir, Dayan, and ministers Yisrael Galili and Yigal Allon.
"I want to outline the next stage of the war," began Elazar. But before he made his operational recommendations, he said, he wanted to hear from the government whether it believed a canal crossing might lead to a cease-fire.
"I am not avoiding my responsibility to make a recommendation but this crucial stage requires consultation." There might be alternative ways to achieve a cease-fire he had not thought about, he said— perhaps political alternatives, perhaps "threats." He did not spell out what kind of threats.
In previous discussions he had raised the possibility of ratcheting up pressure by hitting civilian targets in Damascus and dropping bombs on Cairo in order "to dramatize the war." He downplayed these options now in view of Mrs. Meir's reluctance to hit civilian targets but he left it on the table. "It could be done at a later stage."
Peled asked permission to create sonic booms over Cairo "so that when Sadat agrees to a cease-fire they won't butcher him in the presidential palace." Permission was denied.
Bar-Lev spoke in optimistic terms of what a crossing could accomplish, including severing of supply lines to the Third Army bridgehead in Sinai and destruction of SAM missile batteries. He spoke to his former cabinet colleagues of the high spirits of the men on the front and of the superb quality of their officers. "Our boys are fighting, bless them, with cool heads, a dash of humor, without panic. And they're fighting."
Israeli forces moving through the Sinai toward the Suez Canal (Israel Defense Forces Archive)
But continuation of the status quo would erode the army's strength, he said. His own spirits had been uplifted at the front but since returning to Tel Aviv this morning he felt himself drawn into the pervasive gloom.
Benny Peled's warning that the air force was almost at its "red line" beyond which it would not be able to provide ground support focused minds, particularly Elazar's. "Each day our situation is getting worse because we have no reserves," said the chief of staff.
Peled would reveal decades later that he had lied about the red line in order prod the military and political leadership toward an immediate canal crossing. The air force strength he cited referred only to planes capable of providing ground support, which was about 80 percent of actual operational strength.
A dissenting note was once again voiced by Gen. Tal, whose pessimistic tone was increasingly annoying his old friend, Elazar.
The risks of the proposed crossing were enormous, said Tal. If the crossing failed, the way to Tel Aviv would be open to the Egyptians. Israel's armored corps had not been sufficiently trained in bridging operations, and it lacked sufficient bridges. The IDF never imagined that it would have to get through, or around, a five-mile-deep enemy bridgehead before it even reached the canal. The troops had been in combat for close to a week and would have difficulty coping with the fresh armored divisions waiting across the canal. If there was to be a crossing operation, let it be on the less heavily defended flanks—Port Said or the Gulf of Suez.
A fateful phone call
As Tal was talking, the door opened and Mrs. Meir's secretary, Lou Kedar, entered to herald, unknowingly, the turning point of the war. Apologizing for the intrusion, she addressed herself to Mossad chief Zamir: "Zvika, your people want to talk to you urgently."
The phone was off the hook in Kedar's office down the hall. Zamir's bureau chief, Freddy Eini, was on the other end. The antenna outside the Mossad headquarters' window in a downtown office building had just picked up a radio message from an informant in Egypt although not all of it audible. The Mossad offices were just a ten-minute walk from the prime minister's office. Zamir told him to hurry over.
Eini arrived with another officer and a transcript of what could be understood. The message was not from Ashraf Marwan (son-in-law of the late Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, and an important Mossad informant) but from another source. Zamir read the message and hurried back down the hall to the prime minister's office with the transcript in hand, thinking about how he would paraphrase the message, including the part that wasn't there. All eyes turned toward him as he entered.
Egyptian President Anwar al-Sadat is seen as he peers through a telescope during a visit at the frontlines to Israel, at Sinai Peninsula, on June 4, 1973. (AP Photo)
A report, he said, had just been received from a reliable informant in Egypt. Three Egyptian paratroop brigades were to land behind Israeli lines—near the Refidim Air Base and the Sinai passes—either Saturday night or Sunday night.
By itself, the deep raid made little military sense. What could be understood from the garbled message made no mention of the Egyptian armored divisions. However, Zamir said, according to an Egyptian war plan the Mossad had obtained from Marwan early in the year, the insertion by Egypt of special forces behind Israeli lines was to precede the crossing of the canal by the armored divisions.
In both Cairo and Tel Aviv decisions were being made that would determine the war's direction
The atmosphere in the room was suddenly electric. Elazar could not have hoped for better news. "We will hold off on the [Israeli] crossing and organize for a defensive battle (against the armored divisions expected to cross into Sinai)," he told Mrs. Meir. Elazar had been prepared to send his forces across the canal the next night even if the Egyptian armor might be waiting for them. Zamir's report meant that the IDF would now have a chance to significantly reduce Egyptian tank strength beforehand on the Sinai side of the canal.
Whatever traumas the Egyptian infantry had inflicted with anti-tank missiles and RPGs, the IDF was still confident of its ability to deal with enemy tanks. Elazar and his officers hastened back to the Pit, elated by the prospect of the upcoming tank battle.
In Mrs. Meir's office after the generals left, Dayan drew the ministers' attention to the political dimension. US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had told Ambassador Simcha Dinitz that he could not delay much longer a cease-fire resolution which the Soviets were pressing for. Under no circumstances, said Dayan, should Israel request a cease-fire; but he recommended informing Washington that it was withdrawing its previous objections to a cease-fire. Mrs. Meir agreed to send a message to this effect immediately to Kissinger.
Prime minister Golda Meir touring the southern front with Maj. Gen. Ariel Sharon several days after the 1973 Yom Kippur War (Yehuda Tzion/ GPO)
After the meeting broke up, Dayan returned to speak with Mrs. Meir. Public criticism of the government was mounting, much of it directed at Dayan. To Mrs. Meir he acknowledged that he had erred in not anticipating the war and in underestimating the Arabs. He felt capable of directing the military effort in this difficult war, he said, but if the prime minister wanted him to resign for his failures he was prepared to do so.
Mrs. Meir dismissed the offer. She had indeed lost faith in him in the opening days of the war when he was badly shaken, but his self-confidence had returned and she was once again relying on his broad military-political vision and pragmatic advice.
Seizing the initiative
Zvi Zamir's warning was the second piece of intelligence with a critical operational impact that the Mossad had provided—the first being the all-important warning on Yom Kippur eve that war would break out the next day. The IDF would ready itself now for battle and the government would prepare the political context for a cease-fire. The initiative on the Sinai front, which for the past eight days lay with Egypt, was finally being seized by Israel.
It was quieter on the Sinai front Saturday than it had been since the Egyptian crossing exactly a week before. But in both Cairo and Tel Aviv decisions were being made that would determine the war's direction.
Israeli bridge over the Suez Canal (From the booklet "President Nixon and the Role of Intelligence in the 1973 Arab-Israeli War." / CIA / Wikipedia)
Sadat was wakened shortly before dawn and informed that the British ambassador had arrived with an urgent message. Kissinger had asked the British to submit a cease-fire resolution to the Security Council this day after being assured by Soviet ambassador Dobrynin that Sadat would welcome it. Dubious, the British instructed their envoy in Cairo, Sir Philip Adams, to verify Egypt's position. Israel had agreed to a cease-fire, the ambassador informed Sadat, and both superpowers supported it.
However, Sadat rejected it out of hand. There would be no cease-fire, he said, until Israel agreed to withdraw from all of Sinai.
Acceptance of the cease-fire would have achieved for Sadat the goals he set before the war—a firm Egyptian foothold in Sinai and international involvement in a diplomatic solution. But he hoped now to do even better.
Defense Minister Moshe Dayan, left, and Maj. Gen. Ariel Sharon, second from right, who suffered a slight head wound, visit Israeli bridgehead on the West Bank of the Suez Canal with other staff officers, Oct. 18, 1973. (AP Photo)
Egypt was controlling the battlefield. The Israelis had not attempted to advance since Gen. Ariel Sharon's unauthorized attacks on Tuesday while the Egyptians were making small-scale pushes eastward every day, with some success, as the Israelis sought to avoid escalation. SAM batteries were being sent across the bridges at night to extend the missile umbrella toward the passes.
With every day, Arab strength was increasing as the Soviet arms airlift hit its stride and the Arab world dispatched reinforcements to Syria and Egypt. Contingents, some of them sizeable, had arrived from Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the Palestine Liberation Organization, Jordan, and Iraq. Even Pakistan sent pilots, and North Korean pilots were patrolling the skies over Egypt's hinterland.
Israel was receiving no military supplies from abroad except for what the small El Al fleet could carry (the American airlift would begin only the next day); the only reinforcements it was receiving were Israeli reservists returning for the war from studies or travel abroad. (Those in combat units were flown home free.) To Sadat, Israel's acquiescence to a cease-fire was a clear signal of weakness.
Israel's assessment of the situation was not far from Sadat's. The day before, the Mossad station chief in Washington, Ephraim Halevy, met in the morning with Kissinger and found him agitated. A message from Prime Minister Meir—sent Friday afternoon, Israel time—had just arrived saying that Israel was prepared to accept a cease-fire in place. Kissinger had been stalling Moscow's efforts to lock in Arab gains with a speedy cease-fire. Now Israel was expressing readiness to accept a cease-fire without even attempting to condition it on Egypt pulling back across the canal.
US president Richard Nixon, left, with secretary of state Henry Kissinger (Keystone/Getty Images)
"Kissinger almost tore his hair out," Halevy, a future head of the Mossad, would recall years later. "He said, 'You're declaring that you lost the war. Don't you understand that?" The difference between requesting a cease-fire and not objecting to one was a subtlety that did not cloak Israel's dire view of its situation. However, Dayan believed that with the crossing of their armored divisions, the Egyptians would soon be receiving a bloody nose that would take the onus off Israel's readiness for a cease-fire.
Elazar himself had begun thinking anew. The looming setpiece tank battle held out for the first time since the war began the tangible prospect of a reversal of fortune, perhaps on a major scale. The battle might significantly erode Egyptian strength. If that happened, the Israeli crossing could turn out to be more than a desperate lunge aimed at persuading Sadat to stop the war. It could be the key to winning the war.
This possibility was not yet being articulated by Elazar but was beginning to work its way into his thinking, as imperceptibly but inexorably as a tide turning.
In this Oct 30 1973 file photo, a huge Israeli Star of David flag flutters over the recaptured east bank of the Suez Canal. Egyptian forces had overrun the canal in early days of the Yom Kippur war. (AP Photo)
The writer is author of "The Yom Kippur War:The Epic Encounter That Transformed The Middle East." His revised and updated edition was published this month by Schocken (New York).
The revised edition includes previously censored material as well as information that has emerged from memoirs and other sources since the book was originally published in 2004. A major new source is a 1,300-page compilation of transcripts of discussions, often heated, within the high command and other command levels during the war that offers a rare closeup of decision-making amid seeming chaos. Separately, we learn about two Egyptian informants for the Mossad who provided vital information that directly impacted on the battlefield. A former Mossad leader offers new insights into the colossal failure of military intelligence on the eve of the war. Interviews with a former commando leader and others likewise add new layers to the story.
abra@netvision.net.il
Yom Kippur War
David Elazar
IDF Israel Defense Forces


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Pentecostal/Anglican cooperation? New horizons in mission
Zachary Guiliano
Church of England, Commentary
Appointed to be read: The Authorized Version, my go-to Bible
Bible, Commentary, The Episcopal Church
A film honors parish life
Movies, Reviews & Culture
Reviews & CultureArt
Bishop Charles Gore • Wikimedia Commons • bit.ly/2zJxWYm
Anti-sacramentalism and history's verdict
George Westhaver
Art, Church of England
This is the final part of a paper delivered at the conference "Anglo-Catholicism: Uncovering Roots," Church of the Advent, Boston, November 15-16. Part one is here and part two is here.
Those studying the history of the Anglo-Catholic movement often describe differences between Anglo-papalism and a prayer book-oriented Catholicism. It is important also to see the significance of the division between those for whom a sacramental reading of the Bible is part of the Catholic faith and those who see this as a pious naïveté that must be left behind. With some sense of regret, I will offer Charles Gore as an example of this rejection of a sacramental reading and a contributor to a significant split in Anglo-Catholic scholarship and devotion. In the ground-breaking collection Lux Mundi (1889), Gore argued that he and his colleagues wished to "put the Catholic faith in its right relation to modern intellectual and moral problems." For Gore, this meant a rejection of the typological or sacramental approach to the Bible that was fundamental to the approach of the first generation of the Oxford Movement.
Before becoming principal of Pusey House, Gore was vice principal of Cuddesdon Theological College. He kept a picture of Edward King, the saintly Bishop of Lincoln, on one wall of his study to remind him of Catholic sanctity. On the opposite wall, "to pull him up if he stressed an argument too far," he had a picture of the liberal Benjamin Jowett, who argued that the Bible needed to be studied like any other book, "without an overlay of forced meanings."[37] Holding these two together proved to be a difficult challenge for Gore.
Gore's view of the Old Testament seemed to have been shaped by the neo-Hegelianism of his teacher T.H. Green. Green had studied under Benjamin Jowett at Balliol College in the late 1850s. Green downplayed the historical, miraculous, and dogmatic elements of the Christian faith to emphasize the moral and spiritual.[38] This meant, for Gore, that the Old Testament had "a most unspiritual appearance," as it abounded in "worldliness," "material sacrifices," and a "low standard of morals."[39] In earlier times, the people of Israel "probably felt very little essential difference between Chemosh and Jahweh … or between one Baal and another."[40] For Gore, "it is [only the teaching of the later prophets] which gives its special value and meaning to the Old Testament."[41] This approach also meant for Gore a rejection of the typological or sacramental interpretation of the Bible, the "arbitrary" and unreliable practice of Origen and his successors.[42]
Gore's approach introduced a kind of spiritual schizophrenia into the Anglo-Catholic world, a split between exegesis and theology, between spirituality and history. Gore, on the one hand, described "famous books by ancient spiritual masters, such as St. Gregory the Great's Morals on the Book of Job, or St. Bernard's Homilies on the Canticles, as 'most valuable guides to the spiritual life.'" On the other hand, he said that these works "appear to us to have very little real connexion with the texts upon which they profess to be commenting."[43] He does not address how these great works by Bernard or Gregory could be valuable if they were founded on artifice rather than reality. This division between what is spiritually useful and what is exegetically sound relegates traditional interpretation to what is mystical, not in the classic sense of a revelation or sacrament, but the mystical in the impoverished sense of the impractical, subjective, private, or just flaky.[44]
To bring this back to the discussion of Keble Chapel, one might ask: what type of scheme Gore would have suggested? It is unlikely that the stories of the patriarchs, Noah, Abraham, and Joseph would feature so prominently. It is precisely in these stories that 19th-century commentators found the examples of immorality and spiritual confusion that alarmed Gore. Or, some of these stories may have been there, but only as showing a history of the education of the childhood of humanity, not as sacraments of the revelation of Christ in the Church and in the soul. To put this another way, the sacramental approach is stereoscopic — the great realities and truths of Christ and the Church shine in the weak and all too human histories of the patriarchs. In both the Old and New dispensations, we have this treasure in earthen vessels. Gore's approach exemplifies the desire to have the spiritual apart from the sacrament, to grasp the truth apart from the history that manifests it.
Gore may have believed that his view of the Old Testament was shaped by a values-neutral science in the form of the new tools of historical criticism. Looking back from more than a century on, it is easier to see the way in which his approach owed a debt to a form of theological Darwinism or Hegelianism. The new historical-critical tools were not neutral, but they assumed a view of history in which the spiritual and the historical, the vertical and the horizontal, could be sharply divided and kept apart.
Where does this leave us? I have argued that the leaders of the Oxford Movement put forward a radical and all-embracing view of the Incarnation. According to this view, belief in the Incarnation was tied up with an understanding of the way in which the Son of God takes flesh in the Church, a way of understanding the sacraments, and a way of reading the created world. This sacramental or incarnational worldview was also, for them, tied up with a sacramental approach to reading the Bible. One of the founding principles of Anglo-Catholicism is not just a high view of the sacraments or the Church, but a particular way of reading the Bible.
One of the positive developments in contemporary theology is that it is now more possible to see how this sacramental approach to reading the Bible and the life of the Church that the leaders of the Oxford Movement worked to recover and develop is not a discredited relic of a naïve piety, but has a theological integrity that theologians on both sides of the Atlantic are seeking to recover. Ephraim Radner, Richard Hayes, Matthew Levering, Lewis Ayres, Kevin Vanhoozer, and Hans Boersma are asking how the scriptural exegesis of the Fathers and the insights of modern approaches can be thought together.[45] In Benedict XVI's words:
historical events [in which "God himself has acted"] … carry within themselves a surplus meaning that is beyond mere historical facticity and comes from somewhere else. …The surplus cannot be separated from the facts; it is not a meaning subsequently imposed upon them from without; rather, it is itself present in the event, even though it transcends mere facticity.[46]
The approach that would attempt to sever the historical from this surplus, or the symbol from the reality, appears for many theologians to have less to do with an objective or value-neutral approach to history, and more to do with the "complex legacy of dualism and nominalism in Western Christian theology."[47] In this sense, looking to the principles that animated and guided the leaders of the Oxford Movement is not simply a curiosity for Anglo-Catholics, but a gift for the ressourcement and renewal of Church universal.
[37] See Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) entries on Jowett and Gore.
[38] ODNB: "The individual cannot rely on miracles or historical events: God becomes immanent in everyday duties .… Christ the dogma" must become "Christ the idea of morality."
[39] Gore, The Reconstruction of Belief, London: John Murray, 1930, p 866 For Gore, "it is of the essence of the NT, as the religion of the Incarnation, to be final and Catholic; on the other hand, it is of the essence of the OT to be imperfect." Lux Mundi, p. 329.
[40] Gore, The Reconstruction of Belief, London: John Murray, 1930, p 86-87
[41] Only in the later prophets do we encounter in a reliable way "the record of a real self-disclosure made by the living God to the people of Israel," "from Amos to Malachi." Describing the distinction between Deuteronomic and Priestly Code history, Gore remarked: "What we are asked to admit is not conscious perversion, but unconscious idealizing of history, the reading back into past records of a ritual development which was really later."
[42] Gore, The Reconstruction of Belief, P 885 "And though Origen's successors would not commonly have been ready to admit that the literal meaning could be untrue, in fact, they used the key of the mystical meaning in a way that we should regard as totally arbitrary, [to emancipate the Church from 'the letter' of the Old Testament]." Gore never answers why, if the religion of the Incarnation is Catholic and perfect, the views expressed there about how to read earlier and more primitive dispensation should count for little alongside the latest theories of 19th-century theological historians. Gore expressed tremendous confidence that use of these tools would not question straightforward reliability, accuracy, unity, and early dating of the New Testament. When methodological principles he allowed for the Old Testament were applied to the New Testament, he was genuinely shocked. For him, the creeds are true, and the rejection of New Testament miracles is basically a rejection of Christianity. He will accept a general principle, viz. that the Old Testament as a whole anticipates and demands a climax or fulfilment in the future, and that this climax or fulfilment is really found in Christ, but their "method of argument from particular texts belongs to their time and is quite superseded."
[43] Gore, "The Bible in the Church" in A New Commentary on Holy Scripture, eds. C. Gore, H.L. Goudge, A. Guillaume (SPCK, 1929) p 10. "No argument on behalf of the faith is to be based on any allegorical interpretation of Scripture." Gore then quotes Aquinas in a misleading manner to back this assertion. It is misleading because in the very paragraph to which Gore refers, Aquinas quotes Gregory the Great to show how the fourfold sense fits with the divine purpose.
[44] It is perhaps significant that at the Anglo-Catholic Congresses in the 1920s, there were often addresses on meditation. It is in the world of meditation and private devotion that the interpretations of the tradition were allowed to have a place and a role in making Christ present to the believer and in the Church. On the one hand, emphasizing the importance of mediation emphasized the sacramental character of the Bible. On the other hand, the approach exemplified by Gore makes this to be a building without secure foundations, a pious myth.
[46] Benedict XVI, in Matthew Levering, Participatory Exegesis: A Theology of Biblical Interpretation, (University of Notre Dame Press, 2008), p 6. Cf. Henri Crouzel on de Lubac: "This verdict arises from too narrow a conception of Christian time, reducing it to the single horizontal line, when the vertical is the expression of sacramentalism, of the anticipated presence of the eschatological blessings in the temporal Gospel. Christian time has both dimensions, the vertical as well as the horizontal: it can only be expressed in antitheses, like that of the Kingdom of God, which the Gospel declares to be at once present and future." "The Interpretation of Scripture" in Origen by Henri Crouzel, (T&T Clark Ltd., 1989), p 81.
In de Lubac's words, the Incarnation is real, "But precisely its reality is of an infinitely deeper nature than that of a simple historical fact, observable from the outside." The humble or historical sense cannot fully exhaust the meaning of anything which points to Christ.
Lubac, Medieval Exegesis: The Four Senses of Scripture, ii, trans. E.M. Macierowski (William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2000), p. 97.
[47] Through which the sensible and intelligible realms, history and eternity, were thrust away from each other, and [both the created order and] creaturely forms [of] language, action, institutions [are] denied any capacity to indicate [or embody] the presence and activity of the transcendent God." Webster, pp. 19-20.
anglo-catholicismarchitectureartbeautyCharles GoreChurch of the Adventdesignfigural exegesis
The Rev. Dr. George Westhaver is the Principal of Pusey House, Oxford, and a fellow of St. Cross College.
Confronted by the Word
Socialism for Tractarians and Ritualists
Words, Music, and the Word—A Night at the Ballet
David Ney

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The moment you walk down the aisle to your special wedding song is a moment to be cherished for life.
Your wedding ceremony is going to be one of the most intimate and emotional parts of your wedding day. You wouldn't dream of walking down the aisle to a song or a piece of music chosen by somebody else, so why leave the rest of your ceremony music to chance?
The music that plays as your guests arrive, during the signing of the register and when you leave as husband as wife, can be as memorable as that one special song that plays in the few moments before we all get a glimpse of your dress and you make those all-important vows. So, if you are having a hotel, marquee or an outdoor ceremony, why not let me take care of it for you?
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"Nothing is too much trouble. You respond quickly to emails & make phone calls to panicking brides "


For more than 20 years, Alex Magni had a successful career as a full-time musician and tutor, from working with some of Portugal's top jazz musicians to touring with Brazilian and Portuguese pop artists and bands. Since 2014, he has performed and recorded in the UK in a variety of musical settings, acquiring experience in several areas of the music industry.
Alex endorses Schlagwerk percussion instruments, Bosphorus cymbals and Aquarian Drumheads, for whom he has demonstrated products at trade shows such as Namm (USA) and Musikmesse (Germany). Alex has also facilitated many successful workshops alongside regular live performance work.
Teaching drums and percussion has always been one of Alex's mains vocations and passions. Throughout the years, his experience teaching in music schools, college, schools and privately has helped develop key concepts on how to better facilitate music education and improve student experiences.


text:
"You shall have no other gods before Me. "You shall not make for yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth. "You shall not worship them or serve them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on the children, on the third and the fourth generations of those who hate Me,read more. Bible Christian Image
The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord: "Arise, and go down to the potter's house, and there I will let you hear my words." So I went down to the potter's house, and there he was working at his wheel. And the vessel he was making of clay was spoiled in the potter's hand, and he reworked it into another vessel, as it seemed good to the potter to do. Then the word of the Lord came to me: ... Bible Christian Image
"You shall take two onyx stones and engrave on them the names of the sons of Israel, six of their names on the one stone and the names of the remaining six on the other stone, according to their birth. "As a jeweler engraves a signet, you shall engrave the two stones according to the names of the sons of Israel; you shall set them in filigree settings of gold.read more. Christian Wall Art
How do you decorate with spiritual and religious wall art pieces? The sky is the limit with such décor elements, as you can pick from canvas, paper, wood, metal, fabric or glass pieces that will blend in with whatever design you have in your home. Choose from portrait or landscape, as well as the print type, including textual art, oil paintings, acrylic, watercolor, pencil drawing, and more. Place such wall art in your foyer, kitchen, living room, bedroom, or anywhere that you want an uplifting message that is good for the soul. Bible Christian Image
Solomon made all the furniture which was in the house of the LORD: the golden altar and the golden table on which was the bread of the Presence; and the lampstands, five on the right side and five on the left, in front of the inner sanctuary, of pure gold; and the flowers and the lamps and the tongs, of gold; and the cups and the snuffers and the bowls and the spoons and the firepans, of pure gold; and the hinges both for the doors of the inner house, the most holy place, and for the doors of the house, that is, of the nave, of gold. Bible Art
God, Glory OfSittingLikenessGod Made Visible In ChristExpiationGod's Glory RevealedPerfection, DivineGospel, Historical Foundation OfAdoration, Of ChristGod Is TranscendentLight, SpiritualChrist's NatureExaltation Of ChristAccuracyRevelation, In NtHoliness, Believers' Growth InGlory, Revelation OfGlory Of GodDivinity Of ChristEarth, God SustainingSelf ImageImage Of God Christian Wall Art
Jacob lived in the land of his father's sojournings, in the land of Canaan. These are the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was pasturing the flock with his brothers. He was a boy with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, his father's wives. And Joseph brought a bad report of them to their father. Now Israel loved Joseph more than any other of his sons, because he was the son of his old age. And he made him a robe of many colors. But when his brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, they hated him and could not speak peacefully to him. Now Joseph had a dream, and when he told it to his brothers they hated him even more. ... Bible Christian Image
As soon as Solomon finished his prayer, fire came down from heaven and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices, and the glory of the Lord filled the temple. And the priests could not enter the house of the Lord, because the glory of the Lord filled the Lord's house. When all the people of Israel saw the fire come down and the glory of the Lord on the temple, they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the pavement and worshiped and gave thanks to the Lord, saying, "For he is good, for his steadfast love endures forever." Then the king and all the people offered sacrifice before the Lord. King Solomon offered as a sacrifice 22,000 oxen and 120,000 sheep. So the king and all the people dedicated the house of God. ... Goodnews Art
A Psalm for giving thanks. Make a joyful noise to the Lord, all the earth! Serve the Lord with gladness! Come into his presence with singing! Know that the Lord, he is God! It is he who made us, and we are his; we are his people, and the sheep of his pasture. Enter his gates with thanksgiving, and his courts with praise! Give thanks to him; bless his name! For the Lord is good; his steadfast love endures forever, and his faithfulness to all generations. ... Christian Wall Art
"Now her sister Oholibah saw this, yet she was more corrupt in her lust than she, and her harlotries were more than the harlotries of her sister. "She lusted after the Assyrians, governors and officials, the ones near, magnificently dressed, horsemen riding on horses, all of them desirable young men. "I saw that she had defiled herself; they both took the same way.read more. Bible Christian Image
And King Solomon sent and brought Hiram from Tyre. He was the son of a widow of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze. And he was full of wisdom, understanding, and skill for making any work in bronze. He came to King Solomon and did all his work. He cast two pillars of bronze. Eighteen cubits was the height of one pillar, and a line of twelve cubits measured its circumference. It was hollow, and its thickness was four fingers. The second pillar was the same. He also made two capitals of cast bronze to set on the tops of the pillars. The height of the one capital was five cubits, and the height of the other capital was five cubits. There were lattices of checker work with wreaths of chain work for the capitals on the tops of the pillars, a lattice for the one capital and a lattice for the other capital. ... Christian Wall Art
and in the cutting of stones for settings and in the carving of wood, so as to perform in every inventive work. "He also has put in his heart to teach, both he and Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan. "He has filled them with skill to perform every work of an engraver and of a designer and of an embroiderer, in blue and in purple and in scarlet material, and in fine linen, and of a weaver, as performers of every work and makers of designs. Goodnews Art
If you're looking for wall art for sale online, Wayfair has several options sure to satisfy the pickiest shopper. We have a myriad of styles of wall art, and if you want to narrow your options to something more specific than your current filter of "Art Subject: Spiritual & Religious", such as finding wall art by brands like Oriental Furniture or Buy Art For Less just use the filter options. Wayfair is the best place to shop if you're looking for where to buy wall art online. And remember, we offer free shipping on just about every order over $49.00, so buy wall art today and have them shipped free. Bible Art
"You shall make two cherubim of gold, make them of hammered work at the two ends of the mercy seat. "Make one cherub at one end and one cherub at the other end; you shall make the cherubim of one piece with the mercy seat at its two ends. "The cherubim shall have their wings spread upward, covering the mercy seat with their wings and facing one another; the faces of the cherubim are to be turned toward the mercy seat.read more. Goodnews Art
God is love and the Bible says His love is like a fire, stronger than death. Indeed God proved the intensity of His passionate love for us, when He became a human being, just like us, and died for us at the cross. He chose to give His own life for us, to set us free from sin, and bring us back to His heart. This incredible piece of Christian wall art shows us the deep love of God, who died for us, while we still sinners…
Remind yourself of the love in your home with this tasteful textual art print, a small accent showcasing an inspirational and eloquent marriage prayer. Proudly made in the USA, this design is crafted from reclaimed wood and showcases gray and brown tones that enhance its understated look. Measuring just 8.5'' H x 6.5'' W x 0.5'' D overall, this petite piece is equally suited to sit on a desktop or join an existing gallery wall (mounting hardware included). Bible Art
Do you want to experience the life changing life saving, healing, liberating and victorious power of Jesus Christ? This wall art can help you. I created it, under inspiration of the Spirit of God, to show you how Jesus Christ has overcome the chains, the bondages, the claws, the depths of hell, and He is now eternally victorious. He wants to share this amazing victory with you as well.
"If you happen to come upon a bird's nest along the way, in any tree or on the ground, with young ones or eggs, and the mother sitting on the young or on the eggs, you shall not take the mother with the young; you shall certainly let the mother go, but the young you may take for yourself, in order that it may be well with you and that you may prolong your days. Christian Wall Art
Genesis 1:26-27 "Then God said, "Let us make man in our image, after our likeness. And let them have dominion over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the heavens and over the livestock and over all the earth and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth." So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them."
He measured the length of the building along the front of the separate area behind it, with a gallery on each side, a hundred cubits; he also measured the inner nave and the porches of the court. The thresholds, the latticed windows and the galleries round about their three stories, opposite the threshold, were paneled with wood all around, and from the ground to the windows (but the windows were covered), over the entrance, and to the inner house, and on the outside, and on all the wall all around inside and outside, by measurement.read more. Christian Wall Art
Christian Wall Art Contact us at [email protected] | Sitemap xml | Sitemap txt | Sitemap


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


to generate the most efficient binding implementations possible.
For instance, Dryverl currently generates implementations of bindings in the form of Erlang C port drivers, i.e. as dynamic libraries that are loaded and linked at runtime to the Erlang emulator, since this is the most efficient way to implement bindings in Erlang. However, other forms of bindings (C port programs and C nodes) will be supported in the future: any form of binding implementation can be generated from a Dryverl binding specification, since the Dryverl language is independent from such implementation details.
The project workplan gives the big picture of Dryverl's design and future directions.
Dryverl is the continuation of a previous project from Scott Lystig Fritchie: EDTK (Erlang Driver Toolkit) 1.1. Although Dryverl reuses many ideas from EDTK, Dryverl is a complete rewrite of EDTK to meet different objectives, as detailed in the comparison between Dryverl and EDTK 1.1.
The Dryverl XML language is extensively specified and documented in the Dryverl XML Schema. Read the documentation for getting started with Dryverl.
We appreciate any form of feedback about Dryverl. Bug reports and patches are especially welcome.


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I had a very similar movie theater story, myself. I went to go see that magician movie with Steve what's-his-name and we sat in the theater watching one preview after the next; Each preview for a different animated film. But we weren't in the Magic Man theater at all! It was for that caveman movie with Nicholas Who-is-his-what. Boy, that's a story I'll be telling for the rest of my life.


text:
Hockey / NHL
Canucks Advent Day 22: Top 25 Players Of The 2010's
by Eagle Andersen · December 22, 2019
With Christmas on the horizon and the decade coming to a close, it is the perfect time to rank the best Canucks of the 2010's. This is the Canucks Advent Calendar.
Each day until Christmas I will rank one player until we have the top 25 of the 2010's. These Vancouver icons will be ranked on their statistics, impact on the city and overall play during their time with Vancouver. Rankings will be based on the player's Vancouver tenure during the 2010's only, prior seasons with the team will make little impact to the rankings.
4. Ryan Kesler (2003 – 2014)
Former Canucks' assistant captain Ryan Kesler (17) | Photo Credit: bleacherreport.com
Statistics: 655 GP, 182 G, 211 A, 393 PTS
For over a decade Ryan Kesler was a Vancouver Canuck. During this time he had spats as a rookie, a fourth-liner, top-six two-way star, a 40 goal scorer and an all-star. Eventually, Kesler would become public enemy number one in Vancouver. However, the fans did love him when he played in blue and green, deservedly so. Kesler was a player that you loved to have on your team, if he was somewhere else, you hated him.
Kesler's first few seasons saw him play a limited role. He would spend much of his time maturing on the fourth line. Kesler was able to hone his skills and learn from several veterans that were leading the Canucks at the time. Kesler worked extremely hard. He was a fairly physical presence who wasn't afraid to fight. In his first few seasons Kesler was only a 20 point guy. With this being said, fans had high Hope's for him as he was a first round pick.
Kesler's success in Vancouver didn't occur overnight. It wasn't until his fourth season with the team that he would show his offensive potential. Beginning in 2007-08, Kesler's ice time increased to about 19 minutes per game. As a result, his offensive production would grow. Kesler was able to achieve a 20+ goal season and recorded 37 points. At this time fans knew they were seeing Kesler find his game.
Former Canucks' assistant captain Ryan Kesler (17) during his rookie season | Photo Credit: Vancouver Sun
Success in Vancouver
Although his 2007-08 campaign was a step in the right direction, it was 2008-09 that showed what a prime Kesler could look like. Now a dependable second line center, Kesler put up an impressive 59 points. Combined with his defensive prowress, Kesler was a candidate for the Selke Trophy. Although he came in third in Selke voting, fans were excited to see what this Canuck could do moving into the future.
The Canucks core was maturing and playing extremely well moving into 2009-10 season. They had built a ton of chemistry and were looking for a deep playoff run. Unfortunately they would run into Chicago for the second consecutive season and lose in the second round. With this being said, Kesler had a phenomenal season with the Canucks. He put up a career-high 75 points and was second in voting for the Selke Trophy.
Regardless of how successful that season was, 2010-11 would prove more fruitful for both Kesler and the Canucks. The Canucks would have their greatest season in franchise history and Kesler would have his as well. Kesler popped in 40 goals which helped him earn his Selke Trophy awarded to the best 2-way player in the NHL. He would play phenomenal in the Canucks cup run. Although Vancouver fell to the Bruins in the finals, Kesler was a stud and played incredibly during round two.
Former Canucks' assistant captain Ryan Kesler (17) celebrating with teammates Henrik Sedin (33) and Daniel Sedin (22) | Photo Credit: The New York Times
Final Canucks Seasons
Fans didn't know how the Canucks would play entering the 2011-12 season. They were aging and very beat up in the playoffs. Would they be the same dominant team? Would Ryan Kesler be the same elite player?
The Vancouver Canucks would win their second consecutive President's Trophy awarded the best regular season team. Unfortunately, injuries from the grueling playoff run would deter Kesler. He scored around half the goals he did in his prior season and would only post 49 points. Vancouver would be upset losing in five games during round one of the playoffs.
If 2011-12 was tough for Kesler, 2012-13 was a lot tougher. Kesler was held to 17 regular season games during the shortened year. The Canucks no longer sat atop their conference and were swept during the first round. Management changes were iminant.
Vancouver would hire a whole new management and coaching staff. This would not help their cause. The Canucks would see a decline in their play again and would miss the playoffs. Kesler recorded only 43 points and would request a trade during the offseason.
Former Canucks' assistant captain Ryan Kesler (17) and Jannik Hansen (36) getting scolded by new head coach John Tortorella | Photo Credit: Globe and Mail
Ryan Kesler is one of the greatest two-way forwards in Canucks history. He was instrumental in bringing two President's trophies and a conference championship home. Ryan Kesler is the fourth most impactful Canuck of the 2010's.
Who's Next?
I hope that you have enjoyed this installment of the Canucks Advent Calendar! Be sure to check back tomorrow for the next player on the list!
Previous Rankings: Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 Day 11 Day 12 Day 13 Day 14 Day 15 Day 16 Day 17 Day 18 Day 19 Day 20 Day 21
Discuss this Canucks Advent Calendar and more at the Overtime Heroics Forums!
Follow us on Twitter @OTHeroics1 @AndersenEagle and Instagram @othsports @eagle.andersen
Check out more Canucks Advent articles in our Hockey section!
And don't forget to head over to our shop if you are interested in purchasing some Overtime Heroics gear!
Eagle Andersen
Hockey Writer from Northern British Columbia.
Canucks Advent Day 5: Top 25 Players Of The 2010's
Jim Benning: Top 5 Worst Decisions As Canucks GM
Canucks November Prospects Review
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I'd like cheese on my entire family! a.k.a. da Cheeseblarg is authored and illustrated by Jodee Rose, a classically trained artist with a bum colon and super fun chronic pain.
Once upon a time, I lived in Miami, Fl, and went to an Art and Architecture Magnet school, which was fun, and like 4 years of summer camp. My senior year, I won "Weirdest" which is quite an accomplishment in an art school.
Then I went to college, and was super irresponsible, but I graduated with a Bachelor's degree in Visual Arts in just three years from the University of Florida, so I clearly wasn't THAT irresponsible.
After college, I did what you can do with a Visual Arts degree, I turned to substitute teaching, and found that teaching was the best thing ever. After a few years, I became an actual teacher, and then, my body decided to totally screw me over. In my first year of full time teaching, I was diagnosed with a spectacularly sucky digestive disease, and after another year of teaching interrupted frequently by illness, I had to go back to substituting, which was sad, but still fun.
In 2007, I moved from Florida and trekked across the country to Montana, whose placement in the United States I had no idea of until 6 months before I moved there. Here, I live with my husband, my cat Señor Stevie Nicks, and my mother. My sister and her family, including my favorite and only nephew live 3 blocks away. I have no kids but I do have a bunch of snow globes, metal lunch boxes, and Pez dispensers, all of which I collect. I also have Behcet's disease and a whole lot of Fibromyalgia, which sometimes makes me fairly grumpy.
My first internet presence revolved mainly around my art, size-positive pinups and erotica, as well as portraits in my distinctive style. In 2001, I started an online journal and integrated my art into my writing. I found that I enjoyed writing quite a bit and 8 years later, I started da Cheeseblarg after discovering Allie Brosh's Hyperbole and a Half.
In 2014, I wrote my first novel, a sci-fi story of a utopian future that I am looking to have represented. I wrote my first young adult paranormal novel in 2015, but it could use some more work.
I'm always open to creating art and writing for others, as long as it helps me pay my bills or spreads joy. In addition to writing and illustrating da Cheeseblarg, I also edit and create custom content for Brainstertools.com reading program on occasion.
I only have one frequently asked question. Have I seen the Llama Font? I have, and I love it, obviously!
Otherwise, I'm an open book so no one ever asks me anything frequently, except for that one blogger who would ask me questions and pay me a dollar when I answered his emails, though I would have done it for free anyway. Should you want to contact me, I can be reached by email at cheeseblarg at live dot com.
In March of 2011, "I'd like cheese on my entire family!" was chosen as Blog of Note by Blogger, and that was totally boss. In October of 2011, Cheeseblarg's art was featured in Conan O'Brien's Gallery in NYC. In 2012, I won BlogHer Voice of the Year in the Visual Arts Category, and had my post published in the BlogHer VOTY Book. I also won Voice of the Year in the humor category in 2014. More Cheeseblarg art was featured in Artists Take Time Square gallery event and published in their anthology.
I'm currently looking for a celebrity who loves my work to catapult me to the rank of mega super popular because I still want to have a jumbo jet that looks like a Unicorn Pegasus someday.
I have a question, well lots of questions so I'll just sit here and post questions k?
Girl, I have Hashimoto's Disease and I may have Fibro too. I love that you use your sense of humor to deal and your blog makes me laugh when I can't. Keep it up.


A downloadable version of the classic NES game, provided through Nintendo's Virtual Console service. Welcome to the land of Ufouria, where strange creatures live freely and happily together. But when Bop Louie's friends Shades, Freeon Leon, and Gil go missing, you've got to help Louie find his buds and get back to Ufouria in time for dinner! You'll wander through forests, deserts, and oceans as you fight all kinds of weird creatures that are looking to put you out of business. You'll also face confusing mazes, secret traps, and dangerous pitfalls that block your path to Ufouria. So, you'd better stay sharp and be ready to move quickly. With your wacky powers and abilities, you just might have a chance at getting home in one piece!


Supplying a large range of interlocking jigsaw mats, Southern Cross Mats has you covered when you're looking to fit out your studio or training centre. With a range of different thickness and colours, there are plenty of options available. The mat you require is determined by what it will be used for, and it is important to have a full understanding of your needs prior to purchasing your interlocking mat.
What is an Interlocking Jigsaw Mat?
Quite simply, an interlocking jigsaw mat is a single mat or set of mats used in sports such as martial arts and gymnastics training to absorb the impact from falls and the like. These mats are made from EVA foam, an expandable foam which can help take the impact off joints while jumping or from falls. An interlocking jigsaw mat employs a jigsaw system which allows the mats to securely lock into each other.
These interlocking jigsaw mats are easy to assemble for both short-term and long term use, and can be easily dismantled and stored away. Perfect for martial arts training as well as various areas throughout the gym, our interlocking mats provide an extra element of safety for your students or members.
Available in three different thicknesses – 20mm, 30mm and 40mm – and in a 1m x 1m size, these mats are perfect for any sized room. Our 20mm mats are often used for activities where there is less muscle fatigue, and minimal jumping and falling. Should your activities involve more chance of falling or impact, our 30mm mat would be suitable. These are used for activities where there is potential for a light fall. For activities where falling and rolling on the mats is part of the practice, such as judo, MMA and jiu jitsu, our 40mm mat is recommend.
Essentially – as the intensity of the exercise or activity increases (including the potential for impacts and falls) so to should the thickness of your interlocking jigsaw mat.
Here at Southern Cross Mats our interlocking jigsaw mats are used across a range of sporting and martial art practices including judo, jiu jitsu, wresting, karate, taekwondo, kick boxing, aikido, yoga, Pilates and gymnastics. For a more durable mat, we also have tatami mats available.
We try to be the most economical supplier of interlocking jigsaw and tatami mats across Australia, which means we promise to do our best to beat any reasonable quote should you find the same mats at a cheaper price elsewhere.
Before making your purchase from another supplier, contact Southern Cross Mats and speak to one of our team members to see how we can help. You won't be disappointed with our products or our service.


The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has produced a large array of resources to help employers providing worksite accommodations to nursing women at work. Basic accommodations of private space and time to express milk at work are not only required by law in the Fair Labor Standards Act, they have also been found to result in bottom-line benefits to the company through lower health care costs, lower absenteeism rates, and higher retention after employees leave to have their babies. The following free resources provide a multitude of solutions for every type of work setting.
"(1) Increase understanding of the benefits of workplace policies and practices that support breastfeeding. (2) Create and distribute a breastfeeding support toolkit to all Tribes with the hopes that each Tribe will adopt their own policy."
Planning ahead for your return to work can help ease the transition. Learn as much as you can before the baby's birth, and talk with your employer about your options. Planning ahead can help you continue to enjoy breastfeeding your baby long after your maternity leave is over.
This downloadable resource complements the Office of Women's Health searchable resource. It includes hundreds of slides, best practices of over 100 businesses in every work setting and videos which can be used for staff training. The resources are housed on a single presentation platform.


According to the ancient Islamic records, the worries and combat started when the people residing in Mecca i.e., the inhabitants of the palace and the Muslims force desired to accomplish the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca. This was the time when the governors and the control of Mecca were in the hand of Qurayshites who does not allow any Muslim pilgrim outside of Mecca to visit the city to practice Hajj or Umrah. During 628 AD, Prophet Mohammed ﷺ desired to practice Umrah pilgrimage and in order to accomplish his wish, he started marching to Mecca from Medina and was accompanied by various tribes and his companions. However, on reaching the point of Hudaibiya, the entire force of Prophet Mohammed ﷺ was obstructed by the tribes of Quraysh. On asking from the Qurayshites, Prophet Mohammed ﷺ was answered as "the access of Muslims that wish to practice Hajj in holy Mecca was banned".
Even after the continuous explanation by Prophet Mohammed ﷺ to the tribes of Quraysh that their desire was limited to practice Hajj and they would return back to Medina after the successful accomplishment of Umrah, the force of Quraysh did not permit them to enter Mecca. This incident then led to various arguments between the two groups of Muslims and Quraysh.
After this, an agreement that was known as the 'treaty of Hudaibiya' was made and signed by the Qurayshites and Muslims. As per the treaty, for the period till next ten years, the Muslims were given right to enter Kaaba for a total period of three days in a year and practice the pilgrimage. However, the companions of Prophet Mohammed in the year when a treaty was signed were prohibited to access Kaaba or practice Umrah and were compelled to go back to their native lands. In this way, the treaty regarding the rites of Muslims to practice Hajj in Mecca was signed and approved.
Abdul Aziz is Board Member at Saudi Tour Guide Advisory Committee he studied in Prince Sultan College for Tourism and Business and in Alfaisal University and has a keen interest in writing about Islamic topics.


If you're a fan of Thai food, I'm sure you're familiar with sticky rice. There is something so special about its chewy texture and sweet flavor. If you have a desire to make it in your own kitchen but don't have the proper tools such as a traditional bamboo basket or stackable steamer, there are several other methods that work just as well. Once you try these alternative methods, I'm sure you'll be "sticking" to them for a while.
What Makes Sticky Rice So Sticky?
Sticky rice is a different type of grain from other types of cooking rice. Steaming, not boiling it, is also crucial for creating its unique texture. You want to use long-grain Thai sticky rice (or Thai glutinous rice), which should be available at your local grocery store or Asian specialty market.
If the Thai variety isn't available, you can use almost any type of glutinous rice (which, by the way, is gluten-free, so don't be confused by the name). The results will be good, although not identical to what you get at your favorite Thai restaurant.
Food Republic points out that glutinous rice gets its sticky texture from its high amylopectin (a type of starch) content. When activated by hot water, amylopectin breaks down easily. This is why sticky rice has to be steamed, not boiled.
Thai Food and Travel breaks down sticky rice science: "If steamed or boiled the same way as regular rice, the grains will break down and become soft and mushy in consistency. Instead, Thai people like to cook it in such a way that the rice grains remain whole and have a firm, chewy texture. To accomplish this, the rice is soaked for several hours (four hours or more) until the grains have absorbed enough water to cook."
As Fine Cooking describes the process, rice cooking consists of two things: the rice absorbing water, and the heat breaking down the starch. So, another key to creating great sticky rice is soaking, which cuts down on the amount of heat required.
Soak one cup of rice for 2-3 hours or longer and drain it.
Fill a large pot or deep pan with water and bring to a boil.
Place the splatter guard over the pot.
Once the water is boiling, turn down the heat to a simmer. Place the rice on the middle of the screen in an even layer. Try to keep the rice no higher than 3 inches for best cooking.
Next, cover the rice with a bowl or heavy lid. The higher/more domed it is, the better—it'll trap steam more effectively.
Steam rice for 30-35 minutes. It's good to turn the rice over halfway through to guarantee proper cooking.
Gently remove the splatter guard and place the rice into a bowl.
The splatter guard method has been approved by the amazing Thai food blog, She Simmers, so be sure to check out her complete instructions on this process. If it's a good enough hack for her, it's good enough for us.
She also points out that, structurally, this hack is very similar to cooking in a Moroccon tagine. If you happen to have one handy, why not give that a try, too?
Here, the steps are essentially the same as with the splatter guard, only you have to do a little more leg work to create a faux steamer using a sheet of aluminum foil instead.
To make your faux steamer, tear off a large enough sheet of foil to cover the surface and also wrap around the sides of your boiling water pot. Once the sheet is wrapped around the pot, use a toothpick to puncture holes over the entire circumference. You want enough steam to get through to cook the rice!
And that's not all you can do with foil. There are plenty more tinfoil cooking tricks to discover!
No splatter guard or out of foil? No problem. A regular, large-sized strainer works just fine. Again, the cooking process is the same as with the splatter guard, but there are a couple of extra tricks you should know.
Turn the strainer upside down so it doesn't touch the boiling water. Next, push down the mesh so it creates a shallow bowl and place your rice in the pocket. It's probably best to stick with a mesh metal strainer rather than a plastic one in this case—you don't want to deal with melted plastic or the chemicals it might release.
Tablespoon has a super easy method of cooking sticky rice with a pot and lid alone! They're pretty specific about soaking and cooking times, so be sure to check out their video below.
And that's it. Please enjoy your new cooking tricks and eat all the sticky rice you can handle.
Yes, it's absolutely necessary to rinse your rice beforehand: here's why. Want to make risotto but feel kind of lazy? There is an easier way. And if you're tired of spilling rice, beans, and other food staples, you need to make this DIY resealable grain dispenser.


text:
"""
    tests.conftest
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    :copyright: (c) 2016 by the Flask Team, see AUTHORS for more details.
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import flask
import os
import sys
import pkgutil
import pytest
import textwrap

@pytest.fixture
def test_apps(monkeypatch):
    monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(
        os.path.abspath(os.path.join(
            os.path.dirname(__file__), 'test_apps'))
    )

@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
def leak_detector(request):
    def ensure_clean_request_context():
        # make sure we're not leaking a request context since we are
        # testing flask internally in debug mode in a few cases
        leaks = []
        while flask._request_ctx_stack.top is not None:
            leaks.append(flask._request_ctx_stack.pop())
        assert leaks == []
    request.addfinalizer(ensure_clean_request_context)

@pytest.fixture(params=(True, False))
def limit_loader(request, monkeypatch):
    """Patch pkgutil.get_loader to give loader without get_filename or archive.

    This provides for tests where a system has custom loaders, e.g. Google App
    Engine's HardenedModulesHook, which have neither the `get_filename` method
    nor the `archive` attribute.

    This fixture will run the testcase twice, once with and once without the
    limitation/mock.
    """
    if not request.param:
        return

    class LimitedLoader(object):
        def __init__(self, loader):
            self.loader = loader

        def __getattr__(self, name):
            if name in ('archive', 'get_filename'):
                msg = 'Mocking a loader which does not have `%s.`' % name
                raise AttributeError(msg)
            return getattr(self.loader, name)

    old_get_loader = pkgutil.get_loader

    def get_loader(*args, **kwargs):
        return LimitedLoader(old_get_loader(*args, **kwargs))
    monkeypatch.setattr(pkgutil, 'get_loader', get_loader)

@pytest.fixture
def modules_tmpdir(tmpdir, monkeypatch):
    '''A tmpdir added to sys.path'''
    rv = tmpdir.mkdir('modules_tmpdir')
    monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(str(rv))
    return rv

@pytest.fixture
def modules_tmpdir_prefix(modules_tmpdir, monkeypatch):
    monkeypatch.setattr(sys, 'prefix', str(modules_tmpdir))
    return modules_tmpdir

@pytest.fixture
def site_packages(modules_tmpdir, monkeypatch):
    '''Create a fake site-packages'''
    rv = modules_tmpdir \
        .mkdir('lib')\
        .mkdir('python{x[0]}.{x[1]}'.format(x=sys.version_info))\
        .mkdir('site-packages')
    monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(str(rv))
    return rv

@pytest.fixture
def install_egg(modules_tmpdir, monkeypatch):
    '''Generate egg from package name inside base and put the egg into
    sys.path'''
    def inner(name, base=modules_tmpdir):
        if not isinstance(name, str):
            raise ValueError(name)
        base.join(name).ensure_dir()
        base.join(name).join('__init__.py').ensure()

        egg_setup = base.join('setup.py')
        egg_setup.write(textwrap.dedent("""
        from setuptools import setup
        setup(name='{0}',
              version='1.0',
              packages=['site_egg'],
              zip_safe=True)
        """.format(name)))

        import subprocess
        subprocess.check_call(
            [sys.executable, 'setup.py', 'bdist_egg'],
            cwd=str(modules_tmpdir)
        )
        egg_path, = modules_tmpdir.join('dist/').listdir()
        monkeypatch.syspath_prepend(str(egg_path))
        return egg_path
    return inner

@pytest.fixture
def purge_module(request):
    def inner(name):
        request.addfinalizer(lambda: sys.modules.pop(name, None))
    return inner

@pytest.fixture
def catch_deprecation_warnings():
    import warnings
    warnings.simplefilter('default', category=DeprecationWarning)
    return lambda: warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)