Despite the aggressive efforts of government regulators, the health care industry's reputation for security hasn't been stellar. Multiple breaches are reported on a weekly basis and with health care exchanges popping up under the federal Affordable Care Act, the situation could get worse before it gets better.
One way custodians of health care data might be able to better protect patient information is by integrating "big data" security solutions into their systems. That, however, can present health care organizations with even more security challenges.
"When you look at the known number of data breaches in health care, it's staggering," said Stu Sjouwerman, CEO of KnowBe4, a security awareness training company.
Health care organizations have increasingly been targeted by hackers as more and more of their data becomes electronic. Since 2009, hospitals and medical practices have been under the gun by regulators to ditch paper for electronic records by 2015. "There's been pushback that timeframe is too ambitious for providers to properly secure their data," said Joan Walker, a senior consultant with TayganPoint, a management consulting firm.
Not only is more medical information being placed online, but those who have access to that data is also expanding. Consumers can view their medical information online and medical professionals can use electronic information for sharing and collaboration with each other. "More online sensitive data and more access to that data means more opportunities for hackers," said John Pescatore, director of emerging trends for the SANS Institute.
"Health care has always been attractive to hackers, and it's even more attractive now," added Alan Brill, senior managing director for Kroll Advisory Solutions, a risk management firm.
Part of that attraction stems from a sort of "Perfect Storm" for data predators. "The transient nature of data and the porous nature of the network leads to hackers focusing on health care," said Ed Gaudet, general manager of Imprivata's Cortext products group, maker of authentication systems for medical personnel.
Adding to a health care organization's data security problems are medical devices -- such as MRI and CAT scan machines -- that connect to its networks. "They all connect to the network, all have Internet access and all have vulnerabilities that manufacturers have not been patching, which present a whole new set of security challenges to providers," Pescatore explained.
While health care organizations have always been concerned with preserving the confidentiality of patient records from unauthorized snoops, having that information targeted for financial gain by digital bandits is relatively new to them. "They're in the business to serve and treat patients," explained TayganPoint Senior Consultant Jay Stanell. "If they have a choice between spending their money on an imaging machine that saves lives and multiple tiers of security, that's not an easy decision for them."
Those decisions will have to be made, however, because their electronic information has the same appeal to hackers that all electronic information does. "Health care is being targeted by a lot of the same kinds of attacks from anyone who's going after financial information, something that can easily be converted into credit card payments or Social Security numbers for identity theft or tax fraud," said Suzanne Widup, a senior analyst with Verizon's RISK Team.
"With all these health care exchanges coming online, that's something that I'm sure is going to get a lot of scrutiny by the bad guys," she added.
Those exchanges will be soft targets for net bandits, maintains Larry Ponemon, founder and chairman of the Ponemon Institute. "These exchanges will contain lots of facts about individuals, and those facts will be very helpful in creating false credentials and false identities," he said.
"They were a rush job and security wasn't a strong feature," Ponemon noted. "As these exchanges develop their data bases, there doesn't seem to be any extra special security effort being put into place."
Health care organizations are also being attacked from the inside. "We're seeing people being recruited from inside the organization because they have access to the data and they can feed it to bad actors on the outside," Widup said.
What's more, health care organizations of all sizes are being targeted by hackers. Dan Edwards, president of PactOne, which provides consulting services to dental and orthodontic offices with anywhere from five to 120 computers, said a common attack on those health care providers is ransomware.
In a typical ransomware attack, malware encrypts all the data on a computer. Then the computer operator is informed they must pay a ransom to receive the key to decrypt the data. "That's really not true because after you pay them, they keep the money and never give you access to your data again," Edwards said.
In those cases, an organization learns quickly the value of good storage hygiene. If an office has been diligently backing up its data, it can restore the data that's been targeted by the ransomware from those backups and continue operations with a minimum of disruption.
As cyber attacks on health care providers increase, they, as have other industries, will begin to turn to big data solutions to protect their large stores of information. "It's impossible for a human to intelligently, accurately and reliably see unusual activity regarding access to electronic health records," said Lee Kim, director of technology privacy and security solutions for the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, a global not-for-profit organization focused on promoting better health through information technology.
Kim explained that network traffic can be analyzed using big data tools to establish baselines for usage by individual users. "When there is an aberration in activity, a heuristic analysis can be done to identify where the aberration might be and flag it, in real time," she said.
"That way," she continued, "if there is potential criminal activity or an insider threat, a security team can head that off ASAP."
A challenge to any big data security set-up is making sure that all relevant data is being scrutinized. That's becoming increasingly problematic as more and more devices are allowed to access a health care organization's networks. "They really need to know where their data is, because if they don't, then it's going to be hard to make sure it's secure," Verizon's Widup said.
Moreover, data that's attractive to hackers can be found in more places than just patient records and medical devices connected to networks. Any point in the payment chain that contains data can be a target. For example, some cafeteria point of sale and co-pay collection systems implemented by third parties have Internet connections that can be attacked by bad actors. "We've seen breaches there," Widup said.
When deploying a big data security solution, care must be taken not to add to an organization's vulnerabilities. "Most hospitals practice security by silo," said Phil Simon, author of Too Big to Ignore: The Business Case for Big Data.
"They have their data segmented," he continued, "and as that data is brought together to build bridges between data sources, then the bridges have to be properly tested."
"We live in a world in which there are data sources all over the place," Simon said. "There's a tremendous opportunity for organizations that take advantage of that, but if they don't watch what they're doing, there can be security issues and HIPAA violations and bad PR. That's one of the reasons that many health care organizations have been reluctant to do a lot with big data."
Since many health care organizations don't have the chops to deploy a big data solution, they often must rely on third-party contractors to do so. That can lead to problems if a contractor isn't familiar with the health care regulatory landscape. "Third-party organizations that specialize in big data are very familiar with dealing with that data, and I have no doubt that the majority of them really do understand how to secure that data appropriately, but they've probably never had to do a HIPAA high tech compliance review," Kroll's Brill explained.
"This mechanism that's been developed, which is a combination of HIPAA and high tech with an overlay of all the state privacy laws, becomes incumbent upon on you to follow even though you are not a health care organizations and don't ever see a patient," Brill added.
As with many new technologies, big data's current abilities to protect a health care organization's information from digital desperadoes can be exaggerated. "Big data solving security problems is a very much over-hyped term," Pescatore of SANS said. "Big data tools are useful for finding out where you went wrong, finding the paths of an attack that succeeded, but we're not seeing big data tools prevent attacks."
Nevertheless, those tools can increase the reaction time of an organization when it is attacked. "Security analytic tools can be used to more quickly notice the signs of a potential compromise and limit the damage from an attack," Pescatore added. "Rather than find out from a customer that your system has been compromised for six months, you can see a warning that an MRI machine is talking to the Internet and it never did that before."


Chippewa Safety Toe boot styles are compliant with ASTM F2413-05 requirements for protective footwear. Chippewa Boots? manufactures high quality safety footwear that meets or exceeds the highest ASTM requirements. Insulated with Thinsulate Ultra, a lightweight, breathable, and moisture resistant insulation that provides warmth and comfort, yet it's still thin enough to allow complete freedom of movement. The composite toe does not transfer heat or cold, it does not rust, and it is 35% lighter than steel toe caps - making these boots great for all weather, all day.


The Alabama-West Florida Conference is pleased to announce two new leaders for the Hurricane Michael long-term recovery efforts.
Rev. Chris Ackerman will serve as the Hurricane Michael Recovery Director and Tammy Tisher will serve as the Assistant Director. Ackerman is a licensed local pastor who was previously serving as an associate pastor at Lynn Haven UMC when Hurricane Michael came ashore. His responsibilities will include managing and overseeing all active disaster recovery activities on behalf of the Alabama-West Florida Conference and directing, assigning and coordinating the work of the regional team coordinators funded by UMCOR grants. He will also work with the Conference Disaster Response Coordinator and the Director of Connectional Ministries to create and implement a strategic plan for recovery and work in consultation on all staffing, funding and other issues related to the success of the recovery. Chris has spent many years of his life working in various kinds of construction. Most recently he owned his own custom furniture business where he built anything from farm tables to kitchen cabinets. Rev. Ackerman's previous appointments include pastor at Shady Grove UMC and Grand Ridge UMC and associate pastor at Good News UMC.
Tammy Tisher is a resident of Panama City, FL, and a member of Woodlawn UMC. Tammy worked in inventory control and supply chain for General Motors for 22 years and started her own businesses in 2012 in ladies fashion. Moving from Tennessee to Florida in 2016, she was affected by Hurricane Michael, losing businesses and suffering damage in her neighborhood and home. After extensive volunteering immediately following the disaster, she felt a need to continue providing assistance to others using her skill set and will be helping lead the teams in our relief efforts.
Rev. Rob Haynes continues to serve as the AWF Conference Disaster Response Coordinator. He will implement disaster preparedness initiatives with the districts who were not affected by the hurricane so that they are prepared for future disasters.
Volunteer coordinators, construction coordinators and case managers at the three sites–Marianna, Port St. Joe and Panama City–will be announced at a later date.


Starting next month, Netflix and chill will be a more costly activity — for some. On Monday, the streaming service announced higher subscription fees, but according to CNN Money, there's a bright side for Netflix loyalists, of sorts: the longer you've bought into the company's services, the longer you'll enjoy binge watching for less.
In October, the company hiked prices for first-time subscribers to its standard, high-definition streaming plan: They now paid a monthly $9.99, rather than $8.99. Longtime users who'd been grandfathered into streaming subscription continued to pay $7.99 each month. Throughout 2016, those customers' fees will rise to $10 thanks to the company's "un-grandfathering" plan, and everyone will be informed of the change in an email.
The monthly Netflix bill comes to $7.99 or $8.99 for over half the service's subscribers. But the company will offer a more affordable standard definition plan, priced at $8-per-month. This may be a reaction to Amazon's Sunday announcement that it will be offering an $8.99-per-month video streaming plan.
Netflix has yet to announce precise dates for its price increases. Subscribers should keep an eye on their inboxes — lest they miss the company's explanatory email — and binge like there's no tomorrow.


Something as beauteous as a tree.
And branches skywards I would shoot.
And ivy round my trunk would wrap.
While I stand with many other trees.
And perching on me fowl of wing.
And poems about me shall be writ.
And later fruit I will give out.
When I'm as beauteous as a tree.


text:
An evidence base for the delivery of adult services
Report commissioned to inform current debates on the future delivery of adult services. It reveals a strong body of evidence pointing to the importance of local partnerships, local leadership and outcomes-based commissioning in improving services for the people who need them.
The review has accessed a major body of literature, the majority from the last decade; the evidence from these sources is both robust and consistent. The debate is not academic, but motivated by the aspiration to establish the optimum conditions for the provision of support to the 650,000 people in Scotland who have contact with social services.
Copyright © Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial-Share Alike
Alison Petch
Association of Directors of Social Work (ADSW)
evidence-informed practice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
JUser
=======

A simple Module that glues together ZfcUser, BjyAuthorize, SlmLocale, GoalioRememberMe and Zend\Db. A fork of `manuakasam/SamUser`.

Installation
============

1. Require JUser

```
composer require jroedel/zf3-juser
```

2. Copy `config/juser.config.php.dist` to your Application config folder, and customize the values.

3. Create the two tables with the sql in `config/database.sql.dist`.

4. Enable all the modules in your `application.config.php` file (order is important):

```
    return [
        'modules' => [
            // ...
            'ZfcBase',
            'ZfcUser',
            'BjyAuthorize',
            'SlmLocale',
            'GoalioRememberMe',
            'JUser',
        ],
        // ...
    ];
```

5. The GUI can be accessed from `/users`. Make sure to double-check that only administers have access to the `juser` routes. This can be configured in your `juser.global.php` file.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
It lost.
Suffice it to say, the Pirates didn't like the taste in their mouths after a one-run defeat at the hands of Fabens in the opener of an area round series.
"Last week really woke us up," outfielder Chandler Patterson said. "We realized that we aren't unbeatable and we need to come out here and win the first game."
The wake-up call pushed Cooper to wins in its next two games against Fabens, and the Pirates continued to step on the gas Friday, when they routed Levelland, 13-3, in five innings at Hays Field, seizing control of the teams' best-of-three regional quarterfinal series.
Cooper can move to the regional semifinals with a win at 1 p.m. today. If necessary, a deciding game would be played 30 minutes after the conclusion of the first.
All the offense the Pirates needed - and then some - came in a monster second inning, when they sent 13 hitters to the plate and scored eight runs on seven hits.
Cooper also benefitted from four Levelland errors in the inning, including one on a mishandled bunt that allowed the Pirates to load the bases. From there Cooper kept moving the turnstiles, with five different players driving in at least one run during the marathon frame.
"We just couldn't make routine plays," Levelland coach Jeff Hagen said. "At this round of the playoffs, you expect to make those plays. We didn't today, and that was the determining factor."
On a night when every Cooper starter collected a hit or drove in a run (four did both), Patterson stole the show with five RBIs, the bulk of them coming on a towering three-run home run to left field off Levelland starter Chris Muniz in fourth. Patterson also doubled in a run in the second.
"That's the Chandler that we saw last year some," Cooper coach Terry Baxter said. "He crushed that one. He can lose a ball in a hurry. He struggled a little bit this year, but the whole lineup can contribute, and tonight was an opportunity for him to contribute."
The Pirates also received a solid outing from Nolan Savage, even if it didn't start out that way. The right-hander gave up two runs on a pair of walks and a RBI single by Tony Reyes in the first inning, but he then began to find better command of his fastball and surrendered only a run on four hits in the final four innings.
Savage finished with six strikeouts and didn't give up a walk after doling out free passes to the first two Levelland hitters of the game.
"I'm proud of him for battling," Baxter said. "He didn't have his best stuff, and he knew that, but he battled. And as the game went, it started coming back. He got his curveball over a couple times (for third strikes). That was encouraging."
Tony Reyes went 2 for 3 with a triple and drove in a run to lead Levelland, which bounced back from an opening loss in the area round against Seminole to win the series.
Hagen is hopeful his team can find that comeback magic again.
"We can't sit here and dwell on it," he said. "That's already over with and done. We start fresh tomorrow. The sun will rise, and so will we, and we'll get back to the ballpark and try to scratch one out to push it to a third game."
To comment on this story:
nick.kosmider@lubbockonline.com
• 766-8735
george.watson@lubbockonline.com
REGION 1-3A QUARTERFINAL SERIES
at Hays Field
COOPER 13, LEVELLAND 3
Levelland20100-354
Cooper08032-13101
Muniz and Carpenter. Savage and Moseley. W-Savage. L-Muniz. 2B-Cooper, Church, Patterson. 3B-Levelland, Reyes. HR-Cooper, Patterson. Records: Levelland 25-9; Cooper 28-4.


BITZER has expanded its range of condensing units: our ECOLITE series has been available since April. Users can now choose between three different condensing unit series for any application.
The LHE series is the standard series of BITZER condensing units and can be used for refrigeration and air-conditioning applications. LHE condensing units meet the requirements of the Ecodesign Directive and are compatible with a range of various refrigerants including low-GWP refrigerants. They have a low refrigerant volume with efficient mini-channel condensers and their built-in ECOLINE reciprocating compressors and EC fans help minimise energy costs. Extensive accessories, two-stage designs and models for ambient temperatures of above 43°C make the LHE series exceptionally flexible. Their characteristics mean low installation, operation and maintenance costs for users.
ECOLITE is the simple solution for complex applications: all models are compatible with low and medium temperature applications as standard. Featuring proven ECOLINE compressors with VARISTEP capacity control, they can be adjusted to suit each application perfectly. Accessing all of the components is just as easy as commissioning the system with its plug-and-play concept. The entire series is Ecodesign-compliant and is compatible with low-GWP refrigerants. With the efficient condenser and components optimised for the system, lower volumes of refrigerant are required. ECOLITE features a user-friendly control unit with a display and an automatic emergency operation mode and has been developed for quiet operation. With the BEST Software, parameters are visualised in a user-friendly manner and exported in data logs where necessary.
Never letting users down: ECOSTAR operates extremely efficiently, features comprehensive equipment and unique software tools and is easy to operate with its plug-and-play concept. The series features eco-friendly and low-sound modes, Bluetooth connectivity for communication with BEST Software, a web server for remote access and a BITZER ECOLINE VARISPEED compressor with built-in capacity control for unrivalled results in full- and part-load operation. Up to four ECOSTAR units can be operated as part of a master/slave system. The series also boasts an emergency operation feature, refrigerant injection for extreme operating conditions, a winter start feature, oil recovery operation and wet operation detection. With ECOSTAR, commissioning is simple, noise levels are low, and electricity consumption within the company is significantly reduced.


text:
Tag: tyler refrigeration equipment
What is the best way to repair and replace an old fridge?
A new report on the reliability of modern refrigeration systems is warning of a looming danger to a vital industry.
In a wide-ranging analysis of nearly 1,000 refrigeration appliances from around the world, the company Tyler Energy said it was experiencing a surge in power outages and equipment faults that are impacting the safety of millions of people worldwide.
In some cases, the equipment can't be fixed.
The report was commissioned by the British company, which sells refrigeration services across the globe.
Tyler is now trying to get its operations back on track and is seeking to get the report published in the next few weeks.
The company says the issue has been a longstanding problem in the industry.
Tyrell has long-term contracts with some of the world's largest companies to supply refrigeration units.
But when the contracts ended, the companies decided to shut down all but a handful of factories and turn to private-sector suppliers for parts and replacement parts.
That meant that only a handful, including Tyrell, were able to keep up with demand and get the products on-line in time for Christmas.
"If they're out of stock and they're going to close down, they're not going to make the same amount of refrigeration, which means that people are going to be out of work and their customers are going get more food," said Dr John Stadler, a refrigeration expert at the University of Queensland.
Tyrels new report, "The Price of Trust: The Price of Replacing a Frozen Beverage Machine", warns of a worrying trend.
"Tyrell's research indicates that about two-thirds of the refrigeration manufacturing industry in the world is experiencing a power outage every week," the company said in a statement.
"This can be caused by the cold-weather season, power outage, or an unexpected incident."
The company also said that some of its facilities were also affected by power outfalls.
In the case of a power outfall, Tyrell says that its equipment can only be repaired by installing new equipment or replacing equipment.
But Dr Stadling said this is an entirely wrong approach to the problem.
"We need to look at the problem from the point of view of the people who are affected," he said.
"That means they are exposed to more than just their own appliances. "
"What we need is a way to get them back on line and back in business. "
"The most important thing is that they can be fixed, because otherwise we can't guarantee they will get back into operation." "
The report also found that in some cases new equipment could be used to repair equipment that has been in service for many years. "
The most important thing is that they can be fixed, because otherwise we can't guarantee they will get back into operation."
The report also found that in some cases new equipment could be used to repair equipment that has been in service for many years.
"In the majority of cases, we found that the equipment had been used in the past, had been in operation for a number of years, and that the repair would be easy," the Tyrell report said.
Dr Stadely said the company was now trying its best to get all its refrigeration factories back online.
"There is a lot of good news, and we are hopeful that all our factories will be back up and running in time to Christmas," he added.
The Tyrell Energy report also raises concerns about the safety and reliability of new refrigeration products in the global supply chain. "
So we will need to continue to improve our equipment and our supply chain to get it back into production."
The Tyrell Energy report also raises concerns about the safety and reliability of new refrigeration products in the global supply chain.
It found that many of the major companies had switched from traditional high-efficiency, low-heat technology to "newer, more energy efficient technology", including some of Europe's biggest brands, such as French supermarket chain Alstom.
"As a result, the safety record of these products has deteriorated," the report said, noting that one of the main causes of problems with refrigeration is "lack of maintenance".
The report found that most refrigeration components and parts in use today are designed for a much shorter lifespan than the original manufacturer had intended.
That means that the old parts are vulnerable to corrosion, which could cause them to fail over time, or to damage to the equipment.
The Tyler report says the failure rate of these older refrigeration parts has been rising.
"A large majority of the products we examined are of this type, and in some instances we have found that there is no longer enough life left in them to make them safe to use," the study said.
It added that "the ageing of these items is expected to continue until 2020, so the manufacturers need to act now to prevent the failure of these important parts from occurring".
This year has seen a number issues with
Tags:	ascend refrigeration equipment, deerfield refrigeration equipment, refrigeration equipment repair, tyler refrigeration equipment


I will be taking a little time off from blogging for the rest of August. I'll still be visiting all my favourite blogs and you can see what I'm up to on Twitter.
Have a safe and happy August! See you all in September. I'll leave you with some photos I took on my recent trip to Portugal.
Roast Lamb with Potatoes and Olives...my favourite meal on this trip.
What a beautiful photos of you! Enjoy your holiday.
I am so glad you are enjoying my country, soon I`ll be there too.
What a gorgeous part of the world. Looks like you had a great time. Have a nice little break.
Wow, Portugal! Looks like you were having a fantastic time!
Happy holidays! Portugal looks great, my son just spent 2 weeks there and loved it.
Beautiful photos and your are gorgeous! Enjoy your vacation!
Have a great time on vacation... and we'll see you when you get back!
Beautiful photographs Paula ... really lovely!!
Wow .. Portugal, here I come! Gorgeous photos ... so hungry after seeing that roast lamb!
What a wonderful place. Someday the hubs and I plan to go there. He has a lot of family there. (sigh)Someday!


text:
A play that's truly 'Significant'
Posted on June 15, 2015 in Editorials
There's a lot of theatre in New York clamoring for our attention, especially in the weeks after the Tonys. Some shows want to transport you to another world, some want to remind you of a bygone era and some solely want the audience to be entertained. But then there are the shows that aim at something higher: to speak to the truth. Significant Other, currently playing at The Laura Pels Theatre, is one of those shows.
I'd read a small blurb about the show and was in the mood to see something that wasn't a mega-musical. What I didn't know is just how much of myself I would see up on that stage. And I'm not alone.
The synopsis is simple: Single gay man watches as his close group of girlfriends get married and make lives with their new husbands, i.e. a man who isn't him. It's a story about dating in New York that isn't actually about dating in New York. It's about something universal: the change that growing up brings to people's lives.
Whenever Marta Kauffman, one of the co-creators of "Friends," is asked about the potential for a reunion of the hit show, she has answered that a reunion wouldn't make sense because that show was about a time in those characters' lives when your friends are your family. Once they began getting married and having kids, the dynamic changed, just as it does in real life. Playwright Joshua Harmon brings that truth into 2015 and grounds his very funny play in a very stark reality for so many men.
This isn't a coming out story, we've seen that too many times. This is a story about a man who wants to share his life with someone else, be that his friends or a husband-to-be. It gives voice to the many single guys and gals in their late twenties and early thirties who find themselves wanting the same thing, especially in New York where meeting someone is notoriously difficult. I'll add that it's also a rare story of a gay male who isn't focused on quick hookups while en route to finding what he truly desires, love.
As the lead, Gideon Glick is a force to be reckoned with. Not only does he hardly ever leave the stage, but he never loses your attention. His character, Jordan Berman, may be an overly eager, fairly neurotic, late-twenty-something who gravitates toward spiraling rather than rationality, but the core of the character resonates with even the most level-headed audience member. He loves his girlfriends, they are his life, and he sees his life changing as the calls become less frequent and talk turns from boys to babies. There are so many "Jordans" who are experiencing this same moment today, and Glick gives voice to all of them.
When big budget theatre has something to say beyond "come see this TV star" or "come see the musical version of this old movie," I think we have to give it the credit that's due. With such a great production, a bad ass set by Mark Wendland and one of the best performances of the year by Glick, this is a show that deserves to be seen by as many "Jordans" as possible.
I'll be going back to see this show again. I hope you'll join me.
-Ryan Brinson, Editor
Significant Other is playing through August 16 at The Laura Pels Theatre, 111 West 46th Street. Get your tickets at www.roundabouttheatre.org
As a rule, BLEEP does not "review" shows or concerts. We adhere to the adage "if you can't say anything nice, don't say anything at all." We exist to build up artists, not tear down the art. This is an op-ed endorsement.
Photos by Joan Marcus
Gideon Glick
© BLEEP Magazine 2016 Blog at WordPress.com.


The Warner Cable app for iPad just got an update, and if you're a jailbreaker, you might want to stay away from it. The app that lets you watch cable TV on your iPad – assuming you are in your home – is now showing an error message to anyone using the app with a jailbroken iPad.
By checking if the iPad is jailbroken at launch, they make sure to block usage of the app to potentially prevent smart jailbreakers to use it without the proper credentials.
I've personally never used this app. Have you? Are these new measures going to cause you trouble?
Update: Install this .deb file to bypass this stupid restriction. Don't know how to install a .deb file? Here is how.


text:
var AudioManager ={

    init:function(game){
        //Player Sound
        this.jump = game.add.audio('jump');
        this.jump.volume = 3;

        this.sword = game.add.audio('swordSound');

        this.death = game.add.audio('death');
        this.death.volume = 30;

        this.win = game.add.audio('win');

        this.background = game.add.audio('background');
        this.background.loop = true;

    }
}


text:
local waittime = 5

---- pos_fix
function pos_fix()
	turtle.select(1)
	while (not turtle.detectDown()) do
		turtle.down()
	end
end

---- tree_grown
function wait_tree_grown()
	pos_fix()
	print("Waiting for new tree to grow...")
	turtle.up()
	while (not turtle.detect()) do
		sleep(waittime)
	end
	print("New tree grew.")
end

---- take_sapling
function take_sapling()
	turtle.turnLeft()

	turtle.select(1)
	turtle.suck(1)

	turtle.turnRight()

	if (not turtle.compareTo(15)) then
		print("No more saplings. Abort.")
		error()
	end
end

---- place_sapling
function place_sapling()
	pos_fix()
	take_sapling()
	turtle.place()
	if (turtle.detect()) then
		print("New sapling placed.")
	else
		print("Failed to place new sapling. Abort")
		error()
	end
end

---- dump_all
function dump_all()
	pos_fix()
	print("Dumping all items.")
	for i=1,14 do
		turtle.select(i)
		if (turtle.compareTo(15)) then
			turtle.turnLeft()
			turtle.drop()
			turtle.turnRight()
		else
			turtle.turnRight()
			turtle.drop()
			turtle.turnLeft()
		end
		turtle.drop()
	end
end

---- cut_tree
function cut_tree()
	print("Cutting tree...")
	pos_fix()
	while (turtle.detect()) do
		turtle.dig()
		turtle.digUp()
		turtle.up()
	end
end

---- refuelturtle
function refuelturtle()
	if (turtle.getFuelLevel() < 100) then
		turtle.turnRight()
		turtle.suck(10)
		for i=1,14 do
			turtle.select(i)
			turtle.refuel()
		end
		print("Refueling....")
	end
end

---- main
while (true) do
	pos_fix()
	if (not turtle.detect()) then place_sapling() end
	wait_tree_grown()

	cut_tree()

	dump_all()

	refuelturtle()
end


I was ecstatic to see that the latest comic tackles the one thing near and dear to our hearts here on Co-Optimus: co-op gaming. Whether it's passing the controller, playing Rock Band, or giving helpful tips to your partner; Basic Instructions lays it out for you in only the way Scott Meyer can.
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My computer is acting funky, at the moment, so I am backing everything up and taking it to the Apple Store this afternoon for a check up. But, since I can't do any "real" work at the moment while I wait for the back-up to finish, I thought I would do a post on how I teach peer review.
I learned the value of peer review at UConn, where a core feature of our composition courses is the Small Group Tutorial, or SGT, where the instructor would meet with a group of two to four students for an hour, and lead a peer review session. I didn't like required peer review as an undergraduate, because my own experience was that I didn't get good feedback; I did much better when I sought out my own readers and exchanged papers with people in different classes, or even at different universities. But SGTs helped me reorient my thinking; I started to think about including peer review not just because it helped the writer, but because it was about training students to do peer review. Rather than expecting students to already know how to give feedback, I was teaching and modeling it for them.
1) As I said in my last post, I regularly use Joseph Harris' book Rewriting in my classes. A lot of the language of this prompt is drawn from his book. Students are already familiar with the terms when we start peer review.
2) For the first round of peer review, I didn't have students meet together or give comments to each other orally.* Instead, I have them do double-blind peer review, and later I use a discussion of how that worked to set up a discussion of academic research, and how academics use peer review. I use Piazza, which allows me to set up numbered discussion groups as well as anonymous posting. I assign each student a number, and each number to a group, and they post all their papers there. There were at least three students in each group, so that even if one member of a group didn't give comments, everyone would get something. I also added extra office hours so that if anyone wanted help figuring out what to do with the comments they received, I would be available.
My students get two sets of instructions, one that is built into our class assignment guide, and then a reiteration/extension of those basics, usually in the form of a class lecture/discussion. However, we had a lot of snow days this year, so my students got the second set in an e-mail, which makes it a lot easier for me to share them with you here.
Come to Terms: Explain what you understood as the project of the paper. Start by identifying the thesis, but also give a holistic explanation of what you see the author trying to do.
Forwarding: What works in the draft? How can the author build on and do more of that?
Don't ever say "this is a good paper." Instead, identify specific elements that work well.
For the in-class or e-mail instructions, I discuss broader issues of why and how we approach peer review. I cover at least the following points.
The anonymity of your drafts and peer review comments is designed to give you freedom in responding: freedom to know that whoever comments on your paper won't know who you are, freedom to express your confusion about something someone has written, freedom to be critical, etc. You won't always have this anonymity, but it can be useful when you are first learning how to give feedback.
In addition to thinking in terms of Forwarding and Countering, make sure to think about the rubric that I'll be using to grade the papers, which is included in the assignment guide. Forwarding and Countering are ways of helping to improve ideas, but you don't want to forget about the rhetorical elements we've been discussing in class.
The point Cazaril makes is that telling someone their not-so-good work is good is easy, but doing so does them a disservice, and may actually hurt them. It binds them, and keeps them from improving. It prevents them from being truly excellent. Even if the paper you are commenting on is better than yours, it doesn't mean you can't offer them good feedback–you might still see things in their paper that they can't. Don't stop with identifying what is wrong, however; make suggestions for improvement. And even when someone does something that works, try and help them make it even better.
Then, finally, I have students grade the peer review letters they received.
Rank each peer review letter: give a "5" for a letter that was very detailed & helpful; a "4" for one that was somewhat detailed & useful; a "3" for a letter that was useful but not detailed; a "2" for one that was detailed but not useful; a "1" for one that was neither; and "0" for one not submitted.
I was very pleasantly surprised by the quality of comments most of my students produced. Most students did light editing/marginal notes using Word's reviewing features, and then wrote several paragraphs focusing on the big picture issues. A few students actually full-page letters with comments–in other words, for these 6-8 page papers, they were giving more comments than academic peer reviewers usually do for 20-page articles. And, to be honest, taking into account that these were freshmen papers and freshmen reviewers, the quality of the comments was sometimes higher than the average journal peer review response.
When I asked students about what they liked about this system, a lot of them said they appreciated the anonymity; they felt freer to actually give criticism instead of just saying "good job". Most also liked that because the letter was the primary form of commenting, it meant the focus was less on editing and more on true revision. But the comment that I found extremely telling came from a particularly bright but somewhat disengaged student, who admitted that in the past, he had ignored peer review comments unless they came from someone he thought was smarter than he was. The anonymous process deprived him of his reliance on perceived authority/intelligence, and forced him to really pay attention and decide based on the merits of the comment. I saw enough nods around the table at that one to think that might be a bigger issue with traditional peer review than I had previously thought, at least with students at Georgia Tech, who are often used to being the smartest among their high school peers.
This is still a work in progress for me. Not all the students bought in; there were a handful who didn't take the advice of their peers, or who didn't give good advice. This process also doesn't really get at the dialectic or collaborative elements that I truly valued when I exchanged work with peers of my own choosing (with long sessions on IM as we figured out how to rewrite paragraphs and reorganize documents). I want my students to get that experience, too.
So: What do you do for peer review that works well? How do you teach good peer review skills? What do you emphasize?


Since we have a thread for last movie you have seen, I thought it would be fun to have a thread specifically for animated movies.
Nice idea for a thread, disneyhead.
The last animated film I saw was Aladdin, when it was playing in the office the other day.
How to Train You Dragon. One of my favorite animated movies of all time.
Kiki's Delivery Service. I finally managed to rent a decent copy of the movie, I enjoyed it.
Cars 3. Just bought the DVD today.
Also Cars 3. I liked it. It was a good plot with a lot of heart and a little humor. Better than Cars 2, I thought.
I was very disappointed in it. Especially in the wake of some great two part episodes and great songs that were part of the series this felt too much like a story idea in search of a plot. Although the film moved along from one set piece to another it felt tedious and each stop was rushed with new characters receiving no actual development. They just show up, sing their songs and are left behind until the very end. The entire film felt perfunctory and uninspired.
My gosh, even the first Equestria Girls film was better than this. And that's saying something.
The Emoji Movie. It was on Netflix, I was bored and desperate.
Funny, I've never felt compelled to take a two hour bath after watching a movie before, but this film was so bad I had to wash the awfulness off of me and it took forever.
I haven't seen the Emoji movie, so I can't comment.
Alice in Wonderland (Disney's animated version. Much better than the live action version IMO).
Laputa: Castle in the Sky. I rented it and saw it for the first time. I enjoyed it, though not quite as much as Kiki's Delivery Service or Spirited Away.
Moana. I was in the mood to watch it again and did, about 2 wks ago.


Shawn Dougherty is a teacher and writer in Cincinnati. She has written all her life. Shawn's 20+ years of experience in education and countless stories written with young children, inspire her own writing, both personal and professional today.
"Wake is unique, extraordinary, and unfailingly entertaining from cover to cover – making it an ideal and highly recommended addition to family, elementary school, and community library picture book collections."
Shawn holds a BS in Early Childhood Education from the University of Cincinnati, and a MEd in Montessori Education from Xavier University. She spent many years writing at Women Writing for (a) Change, an independent writing school in Cincinnati, and taught their young women's classes.
She taught preprimary children at The New School Montessori in Cincinnati for most of her 24-year career. The children whose stories she continues to record there, and her grandchildren, inspire her own writing, both personal and professional.


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Home Music Nicki Minaj Fans Break Barricades To See Her At Wireless Festival In London
Nicki Minaj Fans Break Barricades To See Her At Wireless Festival In London
July 10, 2022 | Sanchari Ghosh
Nicki Minaj sure has a huge fan base, but Barbz have occasionally gotten the artist into trouble with their crazy actions. This is yet another instance of a megastar's fan base going overboard, but it's all for the love of their queen.
Minaj was all set to headline London's Wireless Festival on July 10, Sunday, and her fans came out in full force. Some of them even climbed over gates and barriers to get a good spot.
On Saturday, July 9th, Nicki posted a series of pictures from her private plane on Instagram to inform her followers that she had arrived in the United Kingdom. She could be seen wearing only a pair of knee-high black boots, an oversized t-shirt, sunglasses, and a red and blonde wig. She was obviously in a mood to stun.
Minaj included lyrics from her 2018 Queen song, "Chun-Li," in the post, writing, "Here go some haterade get ya thirst quenched. Styled on'm in this Burberry trench."
She then uploaded a video of herself exiting her private plane and strutting across the street. "I'm in the UKAAAAYYYYYY. Just touch down in ah di G5. You know I'm buzzin like a bee hive."
Nicki appeared on IG Live before her performance to seek song suggestions from her 197M followers and to address pregnancy rumors that had been making the rounds online.
"Oh, I did mean to tweet this: 'I'm not fat, y'all, I'm pregnant," she said, apparently causing a flurry of frenzy within fans. However, she subsequently explained that she had meant to say "fat, not pregnant."
Watch this video of Barbz going all wild below, and stay tuned to Thirsty for more updates!
What's your take on this story? Let us know in the comments below!
Sanchari Ghosh
Sanchari has a degree in chemical engineering. Apart from that, she has a knack for reading and photography too. She likes to keep herself updated with what is happening around the world. Sanchari is always keen on learning new things. She loves watching movies and her favorite genre is romantic comedies!
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The BMW M3 is a high-performance version of the BMW 3 Series, developed by BMW's in-house motorsport division, BMW M GmbH. M3 models have been produced for every generation of 3 Series since the E30 M3 was introduced in 1986.

The initial model was available in a coupé body style, with a convertible body style added soon after. M3 saloons were available during the E36 (1994–1999) and E90 (2008–2012) generations. Since 2014, the coupé and convertible models have been rebranded as the 4 Series range, making the high-performance variant the M4, so that generation of 3 Series saw the M3 produced only as a saloon. In 2020, the M3 was produced as an estate (Touring) for the first time, alongside the saloon.

E30 generation (1986–1991)

The first BMW M3 was based on the E30 3 Series and was intended to be a homologation special to satisfy the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft and Group A Touring rules, which required a total of 5,000 cars to be built. It was presented to the public at the 1985 Frankfurt Motor Show, and began production from March 1986 to June 1991. The E30 M3 was mainly produced in the coupé body style, but limited volumes of convertibles were also produced.

The front splitter, the rear apron, sill panels, as well as changes to the body in the area of the rear window (C-pillar) and the bootlid improved the aerodynamics. For aerodynamic reasons, the rear window was flattened and the tailgate was made of light, glass-reinforced plastic raised by approximately 40 mm for better air flow. The changes over the rear of the car resulted in lower lift forces and better straight-line stability. In addition, the windscreen was glued in – not, as with the other E30 models, framed with a window rubber and piping. As a result, the M3 achieved a relatively low  instead of  as in the standard 3 Series. The only exterior body panels the regular 3 Series and the M3 shared were the bonnet, roof panel, sunroof.

The brake calipers, discs and master cylinder were unique to the M3 model.

The transmission was a Getrag 265 5-speed manual. European models were outfitted with a dogleg version with close ratios and a 1:1 ratio for fifth gear. North American models used a traditional shift pattern and had wider gear spacing with an overdriven fifth gear. A clutch-type limited-slip differential was standard equipment.

In 2004, Sports Car International named the E30 M3 number six on the list of Top Sports Cars of the 1980s. In 2007, Automobile Magazine included the E30 M3 in their "5 greatest drivers cars of all time" under their 25 Greatest Cars of All Time.

Engine

The E30 M3 used the BMW S14 four-cylinder engine, a high-revving DOHC design with a head closely based on that of the BMW S38 six-cylinder engine and the block from the BMW M10 four-cylinder engine with a 7,250 rpm redline. In countries where the M3 was sold with a catalytic converter, the initial versions were rated at  and had a top speed of . In countries where a catalytic converter was not fitted, the engine was rated at .

Suspension
Differences from the standard E30 models included:
 5-stud wheel hubs
 225/45R16 Pirelli P700-Z tyres.
 offset control arm bushings in the front suspension, for increased caster angle
 aluminium control arms
 revised front strut tubes with bolt on kingpins and swaybar mounted to strut tube, similar to the E28 5 Series
 front wheel bearings and brake caliper bolt spacing from the E28 5 Series
 310mm slotted front & 295mm slotted rear discs
 6 piston front and 4 piston rear calipers
 stainless steel braided brake hoses

Special editions

Evolution

In 1989, the sportier "Evolution" model (also called "EVO1") of European M3s were upgraded to the  (as introduced on the Ravaglia special edition model), increasing the top speed to .
Non catalytic converter "Evolution" model (also called "EVO2") introduced in 1988 was rated at . Other changes included larger wheels (16 × 7.5 inches), thinner rear and side window glass, a lighter bootlid, a deeper front splitter and an additional rear spoiler. A total of 505 cars were produced, including 40 sold in France as the "Tour de Corse".

Sport Evolution
A more powerful and lighter "Sport Evolution" model (sometimes referred to as "EVO3"), with a limited production run of 600 units, was produced with an upgraded  engine rated at  at 7,000 rpm and  at 4,750 rpm. The top speed was increased to . Sport Evolution models have enlarged front bumper openings and an adjustable multi-position front splitter and rear wing. Brake cooling ducts were installed in place of front foglights.

Ravaglia and Cecotto editions
In April 1989, the Ravaglia and Cecotto limited editions were released, both named after Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM) racing drivers. Power was increased to  with a catalytic converter. Cecotto Edition production consisted of 480 cars, plus 80 cars for the Swiss market de-tuned to  to meet Swiss emissions limits. The production run for the Ravaglia Edition consisted of 25 cars.

M3 Pickup prototype
In 1986, BMW produced an "M3 Pickup" prototype pickup truck, based on the convertible model. The M3 Pickup used the narrower body of regular E30 models and was originally powered by the 2.0-litre version of the S14 engine from the Italian-specification M3. It was used by BMW M as a transporter for roughly 26 years before it was officially retired in 2012.

Production volumes
Total production of the E30 M3 was 17,970 cars.

Motorsport

The M3 E30 competed in many forms of motorsport and was highly successful in touring car racing. In full race trim, the 1988 M3's  naturally aspirated engine was rated at approximately . The E30 M3 won the 24 Hours Nürburgring five times (1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 and 1994) and the Spa 24 Hours four times (1987, 1988, 1990 and 1992), often competing against cars with significantly larger or turbocharged engines.

To keep the car competitive in racing following year-to-year homologation rules changes, homologation specials were produced and sold in limited volumes. These include the Evo 1, Evo 2, and Sport Evolution, with upgrades including weight reduction, improved aerodynamics, taller front wheel arches (to allow 18-inch wheels to be used in DTM racing), bigger brake ducts and more power output from the engine. With the introduction of the 2.5L evolution engine into racing in 1990, power increased to approximately .

The M3 also competed as a rally car, with Prodrive-prepared examples contesting several national championships and selected rounds of the World Rally Championship between 1987 and 1989. By the latter year, the cars, based on the regular M3, were equipped with six-speed gearboxes and were rated at . The M3 was not very competitive with the four-wheel drive cars on loose surfaces, but it was a very effective car on asphalt. Its most notable success was a victory on the Tour de Corse in 1987, driven by Bernard Béguin.

Championships
 World Touring Car Championship; 1 title (1987)
 European Touring Car Championship; 2 titles (1987 and 1988)
 British Touring Car Championship; 2 titles (1988 and 1991)
 Italia Superturismo Championship; 4 titles (1987, 1989, 1990 and 1991)
 Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft; 2 titles (1987 and 1989)
 Australian Touring Car Championship; 1 title (1987)
 Australian 2.0 Litre Touring Car Championship; 1 title (1993)
 Australian Manufacturers' Championship; 2 titles (1987 and 1988  – both shared)
 AMSCAR Series; 2 titles (1987, 1991)
 Irish Tarmac Rally Championship; 1 title (1990)
Japanese Touring Car Championship; 7 titles in JTC-2 (1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993)

E36 generation (1992–1999)

The M3 model of the E36 3 Series was released in November 1992 and was initially available as a coupé only, with a convertible version added in 1994. A saloon version was also added in December 1994, to fill in the gap caused by the lack of the M5 saloon model between the end of E34 M5 production in 1995 and the launch of the E39 M5 in 1998.

In September 1995, a facelift version of the coupé was introduced. Changes included the engine displacement increasing to , the manual transmission upgrading from a 5-speed to a 6-speed, different wheels and clear indicator lenses. The facelift changes were applied to the saloon model in November 1995 and the convertible model in February 1996. The kerb weight of the 1996 M3 coupe in European specification is .

The facelift also saw the introduction of a 6-speed "SMG" automated manual transmission, the first time an automated transmission was available on an M3 outside the United States. The SMG transmission was praised for its fast shift times and operation in performance situations, but criticized for behavior in everyday driving situations.

In 1996, BMW M hand-built an E36 M3 Compact prototype as an M-car which would appeal to younger customers. It included various performance and styling features of the E36 M3, including the 3.2-litre S50 engine. The M3 Compact was reviewed in the German magazine "", but never reached production.

Engine

The E36 M3 is powered by the BMW S50 straight-six engine. It was the first M3 to use a six-cylinder engine, which has since been used in the majority of M3 models (albeit in turbocharged form since 2014).

In most countries, the initial  version generated  at 7,000 rpm and  at 3,600 rpm. North American models (except for the limited edition Canadian "M3 Euro-Spec" model) used the less powerful BMW S50B30US engine instead.

The facelift models in late 1995 were upgraded to a  version of the BMW S50 engine, generating  at 7,400 rpm and  at 3,250 rpm. North American models used the less powerful BMW S52 engine instead.

Special editions

M3 GT (Europe)

In 1994, BMW produced the limited-edition M3 GT as a racing homologation special for Europe, in order to compete in the FIA-GT class II, IMSA GT and international long-distance races. A total of 356 cars were produced, all in left-hand drive for mainland Europe. The UK received a special GT trim limited to 50 cars with only the cosmetic upgrades of the homologation special.

The engine was the European-specification S50B30, which was upgraded with larger camshafts and a higher compression ratio, resulting in peak power of  at 7,100rpm.

All M3 GTs only came in one single colour, "British Racing Green". Other changes include a deeper and adjustable front splitter, higher rear double wing, aluminum doors, wheels measuring 17 x 7.5 inches at the front and 17 x 8.5 inches at the rear, stiffer front suspension, a cross-brace and a strut brace. The M3 GT is approximately  lighter than the regular M3 and has a derestricted top speed of .

M3 Evolution Imola Individual

The M3 Evolution Imola Individual is a limited-edition variant of the M3 (50 for the United Kingdom). The engine and performance characteristics of the car were unchanged from the 1996 European M3, and a special exterior and interior colour combination was chosen by BMW UK: "Imola Red" (405) paint with Nappa leather seats in Imola Red and Amaretta suede bolsters in anthracite. It also included side airbags, the M3 GT Class II rear spoiler, front class II corner splitter extensions, electric seats, and double-spoke polished alloy wheels.

Prior to the release of the Imola Individual there was a pre-production model made which was used as the basis of the special edition. It featured the Class II front splitter and rear spoiler, special order Imola Red paint, special order Nappa leather and Anthracite Amaretta suede interior, SMG gearbox, GSM phone kit, headlamp washers and double-spoke polished alloy wheels.

M3 Lightweight (US)

Following the introduction of the E36 M3, racing teams in the United States began pressuring BMW for a homologation version in order to compete in sports-car racing. As a result, the 'M3 Lightweight' was introduced in 1995. The cars came without a radio (although the speakers were installed and the car pre-wired for the radio), air conditioning, leather seats, tool kit or a sunroof. The doors have aluminium skins. There is no under bonnet insulation blanket, and the boot only has carpet on the floor. The under body insulation is thinner and there is special carpeting to lower weight. Overall the changes resulted in a weight  less than a regular M3. The wheels are 17 inches in diameter, with a width of 7.5 inches at the front and 8.5 inches at the rear. The tyres fitted were 235/40ZR17.

Powertrain changes included the removal of the top speed limiter and a shorter differential ratio (3.23 compared to 3.15). Suspension upgrades consisted of shorter springs from the European-specification M3. Before being sold, the M3 Lightweights were sent to Prototype Technology Group Racing in Virginia for final preparation, which included the front and rear Motorsport flag decals, and "trunk kit". In the boot there was a dual-pickup oil pump (from the European-specification M3), front strut bar, lower cross-brace, spacer blocks to raise the rear wing, and an adjustable front splitter. Each owner was given a 1-page legal document to sign acknowledging that any installation of boot items voided the new car warranty.

All M3 Lightweight cars were produced in the "Alpine White" exterior colour, with the Motorsports flag decals on the left front and right rear corners of the car. There is a fixed wing on the bootlid, some carbon fibre interior trim, and the badges on the side moulding and dash read "BMW Motorsport International".

Although BMW promised to build approximately 100 cars, BMW never released the production numbers of M3 Lightweights built. However, it is estimated that approximately 125 were built.

Canadian Edition
Prior to the release of the North American specification M3, BMW Canada sold 45 of the European specification M3s. At the time, BMW North America was opposed to importing the E36 M3 (due to its high price and the poor sales of the previous M3). The Canadian Edition M3 was imported using a loophole that allows low volumes of Norwegian-certified cars to be sold in Canada. Despite a high price of nearly $60,000 CAD, all 45 cars were sold in 3 days in early 1994. As with other European specification M3s, these 45 cars had the  version of the S50 engine, oil temperature gauge and glass headlights. Each of the Canadian Edition cars has an individually-numbered plaque on the glovebox which reads "S50 B30 Limited Production Canadian Edition". The cars also have a numbered engraved plaque in both the glovebox and the custom leather case which holds the owner's manuals.

When the North American specification M3 was released in 1995, it was initially not available in Canada. Sales of the North American M3 in Canada began in 1997.

M3-R (Australia)
In order to race in the Australian Super Production series, fifteen M3-Rs were sold by BMW Australia in 1994. With a power output of , the M3-R is the most powerful production E36 M3. Four of the cars were used for the race series, while the remaining eleven were sold to the general public. Buyers were required to possess a CAMS motorsport licence in order to purchase an M3-R.

The cars were delivered to the workshop of the Frank Gardner racing team for final preparation. A bolt-in FIA-approved roll cage was a factory option. Suspension upgrades consisted of new springs, adjustable struts and rear perches. Engine upgrades consisted of AC Schnitzer camshafts, dual pickup sump, an oil restrictor in the head and a cold air snorkel into the air filter box replacing the left hand foglight.

Other changes included four piston front brake calipers, a shorter (3.25:1) differential ratio, the driveshaft from the M5, a twin-plate clutch, a non-functional rear seat, no air conditioning, a deeper front splitter and a larger rear spoiler. The cars were individually numbered with a plaque fitted to the centre console near the handbrake.

M3 GTR (Germany)
The E36 M3 GTR is the road-going version of the competition machine built to compete in the 1994 ADAC German GT Cup Touring Car series.

Production
Production of the E36 M3 began in September 1992 and was discontinued in August 1999.

The majority of cars were produced at the BMW Regensburg factory in Germany; however, a small number of low compression right-hand drive cars were assembled at BMW's plant in Rosslyn, South Africa. In total, 46,525 coupés, 12,114 convertibles and 12,603 saloon were produced. The saloon ceased production in December 1997, the coupé in late 1998, and the convertible in December 1999.

North American models
Despite being released in other countries in 1992, the E36 M3 was not sold in the United States until 1995. A key difference between the "European specification" M3 (sold in the rest of the world) and the US M3 is the less powerful S50B30US engine used in the US M3, which was rated at  and . Other notable differences included an optional 5-speed ZF 5HP torque-converter automatic transmission, suspension changes, and single piece brake discs (instead of floating discs). The changes were made in order to reduce the price of the M3, as the US dealers believed the European specification M3 would be too expensive to sell well.

In November 1996, the engine was upgraded to the  BMW S52, with the same power outputs of , but with torque increased to . The manual gearbox remained a 5-speed, despite the European versions being upgraded to a 6-speed version.

US sales figures include a total of 18,961 coupés, 7,760 saloon and 6,211 convertibles.

Motorsport

The introduction of the E36 M3 coincided with BMW's withdrawal from the Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM), resulting in BMW focussing instead on the 318i and 320i models in the Super Tourenwagen Cup. Nonetheless, the E36 M3 competed in many motorsport events. In 1993, the E36 M3 GTR won the German ADAC GT Cup, driven by Johnny Cecotto. The M3 GT competed in the European FIA GT Championship.

In the United States, the Prototype Technology Group (PTG) Racing in Virginia ran the E36 M3 in the IMSA GT Championship. In the 1996 IMSA GT Championship, the M3 won 4 races in the GTS-2 class and BMW won the manufacturer's championship. In the 1997 IMSA GT Championship, the M3 won 8 races in the GTS-3 class, with BMW winning the manufacturer's championship again and Bill Auberlen winning the driver's championship. In the 1998 IMSA GT Championship, the M3 won 5 races and BMW won the manufacturer's championship in the GT3 class. The same year, the M3 won 4 races in the GT2 class. The M3 also competed in the 2000 American Le Mans Series, taking one win in the GT class.

In Australia, the M3-R competed in the Australian GT Production Car Championship.

E46 generation (2000–2006)

The M3 version of the E46 3 Series was produced in coupé and convertible body styles. The E46 M3 is powered by the S54 straight-six engine and has a 0- acceleration time of 5.1 seconds for the coupé, with either the manual or SMG-II transmission. The skidpad cornering results are 0.89g for the coupé and 0.81g for the convertible. The top speed is electronically limited to . The kerb weight is .

The available transmissions were a Getrag 420G 6-speed manual transmission or an SMG-II 6-speed automated manual transmission, which was based on the Getrag 420G. The SMG-II used an electrohydraulically actuated clutch, and gear shifts could be selected via the shift lever or paddles mounted on the steering wheel. The SMG-II was praised for its fast shift times and racetrack performance, but some people found its shifts to be delayed and lurching in stop-start traffic.

Total production of the E46 M3 was 56,133 coupés and 29,633 convertibles. The cars were assembled at the BMW Regensburg factory in Germany, and production was from September 2000 until August 2006, for a total of 85,766 cars.

An M3 Touring station wagon prototype was built to evaluate the feasibility of building an M3 model on the existing platform of the E46 station wagon (especially the integration of the M3's wider rear wheel arches onto the wagon body). The prototype did not reach production.

Engine

The  S54 engine is the final evolution of the BMW S50 naturally aspirated straight-six engine. The S54 is rated at  at 7,900 rpm,  at 4,900 rpm, and has a redline of 8,000 rpm. As with most M engines, the S54 has individual throttle bodies for each cylinder, with electronic throttle control (drive-by-wire) operation of the throttles being a new feature for the S54.

Development and launch
Concept design of the M3 began in 1997. The head of exterior design was Ulf Weidhase and the head of interior design was Martina Bachmann.

The M3 was previewed at the 1999 International Motor Show Germany as a concept, resembling the final production version very closely. The final production version was first introduced in October 2000 at the Geneva Motor Show, with the new 3.2L S54 M-tuned inline-6 engine.

Special editions

CSL

The BMW M3 CSL (, meaning 'Coupé Sport Lightweight') is a limited edition version of the M3 that was produced in 2004, with production totalling to 1,383 cars. It was available in two colours: "Silver Grey Metallic" and "Black Sapphire Metallic".

As its name suggests, an emphasis was put on reducing weight. The CSL has a kerb weight of ,  lighter than the regular M3. Structural weight reduction measures include the use of glass-reinforced plastics in various structural points in the car, a roof constructed from carbon fibre reinforced plastic (reducing kerb weight by  and, more importantly, lowering the centre of gravity), body panels constructed from carbon fibre and thinner glass for the rear window.

The boot floor cover was made of lightweight fibre-board (not cardboard as infamously described on the Top Gear television show). The CSL discarded a large proportion of the M3's sound insulation, electric seats, navigation system, air conditioning and stereo (the latter two were able to be re-added as no-cost options). The interior includes fibreglass front racing bucket seats, a fibreglass backing for the rear seats, and carbon fibre for the centre console, door panels, door trim and head-liner. The steering wheel has just a single button which activates the M track mode, instead of the buttons for cruise control, stereo, and phone controls on the regular M3. The CSL retained the 50:50 weight distribution of the regular M3.

The wheels were increased in size to 19 inches. BMW took the unusual approach of supplying the CSL with semi-slick tyres (Michelin Pilot Sport Cup). These tyres provided high grip levels once warmed up on a racetrack, but poor performance on wet roads and when below their operating temperature. A warning label was included in the CSL to inform drivers about driving in cold or wet conditions. The brakes were upgraded with larger floating discs at the front and larger pistons at the rear.

The suspension system was revised with stiffer springs, upgraded shock absorbers and a quicker ratio for the steering rack (14.5:1 vs 15.4:1 on the regular M3). The electronic stability control was retuned and an "M track mode" was added, allowing higher thresholds before the system intervened.

The engine used in the CSL had increased output over the regular S54 by  and  over the European M3. This is due to the use of sharper profile camshafts, a bigger air intake with carbon fibre manifold, a refinement of the exhaust manifold, and slightly different exhaust valves. The top speed was electronically limited as standard, but buyers with a current motorsport licence could order the CSL with the speed limiter removed. The sole transmission available was the 6-speed SMG II automated transmission, with revised software resulting in shift times of 80 milliseconds.

The aerodynamics were also revised, including a carbon fibre front splitter that improved downforce at high speeds by 50%, and a carbon fibre rear diffuser. The front bumper had a distinct hole that is used to draw cool air into the newly designed air intake. The bootlid was redesigned to incorporate a raised lip, unlike the regular M3 where one is simply added onto a flat boot.

Prototype CSL
In 2022, BMW M revealed a special V8 prototype engine (full model code S62B40) for the M3 CSL which was previously fitted to the E39 M5 and the E52 Z8. The S62 was BMW's first V8 engine to have double-VANOS (variable valve timing on the intake and exhaust camshafts). However, this prototype S62 engine produces  at 6600 rpm and  at 3800 rpm. The last difference results in a displacement of , compared with the  of the S62 engine found in the M5 and Z8 vehicles.

Competition Package / CS
In 2005, a special edition was introduced which used several parts from the CSL. This model was called the M3 Competition Package (ZCP) in the United States and mainland Europe, and the M3 CS in the United Kingdom. Compared to the regular M3, the Competition Package includes:
 19-inch BBS alloy wheels: 19in×8in at the front and 19in×9.5in at the rear.
 Stiffer springs (which were carried over to the regular M3 from 12/04).
 Faster ratio steering rack of 14.5:1 (compared with the regular M3's ratio of 15.4:1) as with the CSL
 Steering wheel from the CSL
 M-track mode for the electronic stability control, as with the CSL.
 The CSL's larger front brake discs (but with the regular M3 front calipers) and rear brake calipers with larger pistons.
 Alcantara steering wheel and handbrake covers.

The engine, gearbox, and other drivetrain components are the same as the standard M3.

GTR road car

In order to homologate the M3 GTR for racing, a road version was produced in 2001. BMW claimed to offer 10 cars for sale to the general public, at the very high price of , but only 6 cars were produced, of which 3 were development prototypes. The road cars were built alongside the GTR race cars in the special vehicles department of BMW's Regensburg Plant.

As with the race car, the GTR road car was powered by the 4.0-litre P60 V8 engine. The engine retained the race cars' dry sump oil system and was slightly detuned from  at 7,000 rpm. Top speed was . The transmission was a six-speed manual and the differential was the same variable locking unit as used in the race car.

The dry weight was . Weight reduction measures included a carbon fibre front bumper, rear bumper and rear wing.

The 2005 video game Need for Speed: Most Wanted featured the M3 GTR on the game's cover art as the protagonist's car in a custom blue-and-silver livery. Road & Track, who collaborated on the first Need for Speed video game, described the game's custom M3 GTR as being "so iconic that fans still recreate the livery in real life." Once searched about the M3 GTR, nearly 85% of the results will relate the car to Need for Speed: Most Wanted.

North American models
The North American models used the same S54 engine as in other countries (unlike the previous generation, which used lower performance engines in the United States). Due to minor differences in specification, the United States models were rated at  and , resulting in an official 0– acceleration time of 4.8 seconds for the coupé version (with either the manual and SMG transmission). As in other countries, top speed was electronically limited to .

The CSL model was not sold in the North American market.

Motorsport

In the United States, the E46 M3 competed in the 2000 American Le Mans Series GT category and finished third in the championship. The straight-six engine was viewed as uncompetitive compared to the Porsche 996 GT3, therefore BMW began to develop a new M3 racing car based around a more powerful engine. The resulting E46 GTR racing car was introduced in February 2001 and was powered by a  version of the  P60 V8 engine. With a more powerful engine than the straight-six powered M3 versions (which were outpaced by the competition), the GTR won the 2001 American Le Mans Series GT category, driven by Jörg Müller.

The eligibility of the GTR was the subject of controversy, with some rival teams believing that the GTR was an in-house prototype vehicle rather than a production model available for purchase by the general public. The ALMS homologation rules for 2001 required the M3 GTR road car to be sold on at least two continents within twelve months of the rules being issued, which BMW claimed to fulfill by stating that 10 GTR road cars were available for sale. The ALMS rules were altered for 2002, now requiring that 100 cars and 1,000 engines must be built for a car to qualify without penalties. The GTR road car was never intended for production on this scale, so BMW withdrew the GTR from competition at this point.

In 2003, the M3 GTR returned to competition at the 24 Hours Nürburgring, with two cars run by Schnitzer Motorsport. The GTR won the 24 Hours Nürburgring in 2004 and 2005, and competed in the 24 Hours Spa.

E90/E92/E93 generation (2007–2013)

The M3 model of the E90/E92/E93 3 Series range was powered by the BMW S65 V8 engine and was produced in saloon, convertible and coupé body styles. The E9x is the first and only standard production M3 powered by a V8 engine as its successor would revert to using a straight 6 engine. In the standard M3, the S65 engine rated at  at 8,300 rpm and  at 3,900 rpm.

Initially, the M3 was produced with a 6-speed manual transmission. In April 2008, the E90/E92/E93 M3 became the first BMW to be available with a dual-clutch transmission when the 7-speed Getrag "M-DCT" transmission was introduced as an option.

The official 0 to  acceleration times for the coupé and saloon are 4.6 seconds with the DCT transmission (4.8 seconds with the manual transmission) and 5.1 seconds for the convertible.

The E90 and E92 versions received many positive reviews, including "the greatest all-around car in the world", "the finest car on the market, period" and "the best, most complete car in the world".

Development and production

Total production of the E9x M3 was 40,092 coupés, 16,219 convertibles and 9,674 saloon. Production of saloon models finished in 2011, with coupés remaining in production until July 5, 2013.

Body styles
The first body style to be introduced was the coupé, which was previewed at the 2007 Geneva Motor Show and introduced in production form at the 2007 Frankfurt Motor Show on 12 September. The coupé version uses a carbon fibre roof to reduce weight and lower the centre of gravity. In 2010, the coupé and convertible versions received a minor facelift, which included revised LED tail-lights and minor interior trim pieces but it did not get the updated headlights from the regular series.

The E93 convertible version was introduced shortly after the coupé and uses a power retractable hardtop. The leather seats in the convertible version are treated with a coating to reflect sunlight, in order to reduce their tendency to become uncomfortably hot with the top down.

A saloon version was introduced in 2008 and was the second (along with the E36) M3 by generation to be produced in a 4-door body style. The saloon has the same drivetrain and similar external styling as the coupé, however the lack of a carbon fibre roof contributes to a weight increase of  compared to an identically equipped coupé.

The official kerb weights for the 2008 European-specification models (with manual transmission) are  for the coupé,  for the saloon and  for the convertible.

M Performance Parts
M Performance Parts were made for the sixth generation M3. These include black kidney grilles, M rims, an M Performance exhaust that reduces the weight by , carbon fibre mirrors, spoilers and splitter, a handbrake, steel pedals, a sport steering wheel, black side trim and alcantara leather steering wheel button trim.

Special editions

Competition Package (ZCP)
The "Competition Package" (sometimes known as ZCP) version was released in 2010. The changes related to the suspension and electronic stability control and consisted of:
 Ride height lowered by
 Revised tuning of the adjustable dampers (Electronic Damping Control)
 An "M" mode for the electronic stability control
 19-inch wheels

GTS

BMW announced the M3 GTS in November 2009 and began production in 2010. The GTS was designed as a "road-legal clubsport-oriented model" and produced only in the coupé body style. Changes over the regular M3 include an upgraded engine, reduced curb weight, revised suspension, upgraded brakes and adjustable aerodynamics.

The GTS uses an engine enlarged to  which has a power output of . The sole transmission option was the 7-speed dual-clutch transmission (M-DCT) and the official  acceleration time for the GTS is 4.4 seconds.

The car weighs  less than the regular M3, due to a lighter centre console and door panels, polycarbonate side and rear windows, a lack of rear seats and the removal of acoustic insulation.

Suspension changes include adjustable camber angle and ride height, a rigidly mounted rear axle and revised dampers. The front brakes were upgraded to 6-piston callipers with  larger discs, and the rear brakes were upgraded to 4-piston callipers with  larger discs. Aerodynamics are adjustable via the front apron and the angle of the rear wing. Production was limited to 135 cars, which sold out quickly.

CRT

The M3 CRT (Carbon Racing Technology) was a special edition of the M3 saloon that was produced in 2011. The CRT was powered by the same 4.4 litre version of the S65 engine as the GTS, however it retained a higher level of luxury features compared to the track-focussed GTS. The CRT used a carbon fibre bonnet and front seats to reduce weight, resulting in a kerb weight approximately  lower than an equivalently specified version of the regular M3 saloon.

Production was limited to 67 cars, all numbered with a plaque on the dashboard. The official  acceleration time was 4.4 seconds.

DTM Champion Edition
BMW Motorsport returned to the DTM in 2012, and 54 "DTM Champion Edition" cars were built to commemorate the BMW M3 winning the championship. The unique features of the DTM Champion Edition consisted of visual changes to associate the car with the DTM race car, such as the "Frozen Black" paint colour, stripes over the roof and bootlid, carbon flaps, a gurney flap and matte black wheels. Interior changes included carbon fibre for some interior trim items, an "M Power" logo embroidered on the handbrake grip and a numbered plaque with Spengler's signature and the text "DTM champion 2012" above the glove box. All cars were produced with the dual-clutch transmission.

Lime Rock Park Edition (US)

In the United States, the M3 Lime Rock Park Edition was produced for the 2013 model year. A total of 200 cars were sold, all coupés painted in the "Fire Orange" colour. Performance changes included a carbon fibre front splitter and rear spoiler, a ride height lowered by , a faster steering ratio, higher thresholds for the electronic stability control and a lightweight exhaust system. BMW claims the same engine power output as the regular M3, however, when marketing the lightweight Inconel-titanium BMW Motorsports Exhaust to stock M3 vehicles, BMW claims that the system adds about .

The interior of the Lime Rock Park Edition includes a plaque reading "One of 200".

Frozen Edition
Due to the GTS version not being available in South Africa, BMW developed the BMW M3 Frozen Edition in 2009. The engine was upgraded to generate , due to an AC Schnitzer intake manifold and changes to the engine management system.

Twenty-five Frozen Edition cars were produced, all with exterior colours of either "Frozen Black" or "Frozen Grey".

Competition Edition Frozen Silver
In 2012, BMW announced this edition with 40 to be built for US and 100 for Europe.

Built to commemorate the 40th anniversary of BMW's M Division, each model came with "Frozen Silver Metallic" exterior paint. According to BMW, the colour is a special matte paint that adds a metallic lustre to the vehicle. The interior has black leather and palladium silver accessories.

M3 Pickup Prototype
The M3 Pickup is a one-off custom variant of the M3 which was based on the E93 M3 convertible and publicly announced on April Fool's Day in 2011. It was used as a workshop transport vehicle for BMW M GmbH, replacing their E30 M3 pickup version after 26 years of use. The vehicle was assembled by M GmbH's employees, as well as interns and engineering students.

Motorsport
The E92 M3 saw BMW return to the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters (DTM) after a break of 20 years. In its debut season in 2012, the M3 won the drivers championship, the manufacturers championship and five out of ten races for the season.

In endurance racing, the BMW Motorsport/Schnitzer Motorsport M3 GT2 won the 2010 24 Hours of Nürburgring, driven by Jörg Müller, Augusto Farfus, Pedro Lamy, and Uwe Alzen. The M3 also qualified second at the 2010 24 Hours of Spa and led the race until being forced to retire in the final hour due to suspension failure. The M3 won the GT2 category in the ILMC 2010 1000 km of Zhuhai in China.

A GT4 version of the M3 was introduced in 2009 and competed in various races, including finishing third in the GT4 SP10 class at the 2009 24 Hours Nürburgring, and winning its class at the ADAC Westfalenfahrt race at the Nürburgring in April 2009. In July 2009, BMW Motorsport released an M3 GT4 model for sale to private teams and drivers. The official kerb weight was  and changes to the  were claimed to be minimal. For the 2010 24 Hours Nürburgring, the "Balance of Performance" required the M3 to not exceed a power output of  and to have a minimum weight of .

In the United States, Rahal Letterman Racing entered two factory-backed E92 M3s in the 2009 American Le Mans Series season, competing in the GT2 category. In 2011, the BMW achieved a 1–2 finish in the 12 Hours of Sebring. In the 2011 American Le Mans Series GT class, BMW Team RLL swept all categories, winning the GT manufacturer, team and driver championships. In 2012, the M3 won the GT class at the 12 Hours of Sebring. The #79 M3 GT2 that competed at Le Mans became the 17th BMW Art Car after it was decorated by Jeff Koons. The M3 GT2 was succeeded by the BMW Z4 GTE in 2013.

F80 generation (2014–2019)

The M3 version of the F30 3 Series was designated the F80 and was produced from 2014 to 2018. The F80 M3 was powered by the BMW S55 twin-turbocharged straight-six engine, therefore being the first turbocharged M3 model. Despite the smaller displacement than the V8 engine used by the previous generation of M3, the switch from naturally aspirated engines to turbocharging resulted in peak power being increased from , and peak torque being increased from .

The official  acceleration times are 3.9 seconds with the M-DCT transmission and 4.1 seconds with the manual transmission. Top speed is limited to  but an optional M Driver's package raises this to . The kerb weight is .

The F80 M3 was unveiled, alongside the F82 M4 (its coupé counterpart), at the 2014 North American International Auto Show.

In 2016, a Competition Package became available for the M3 and M4. Changes included an increase in power to , revised tuning of the electronic differential and the electronic stability control ("DSC"), suspension upgrades and new front seats. The official  time was 4.0 seconds with the dual-clutch transmission.

Body styles
The F80 generation of M3 was produced only as a saloon, following the company's plans to split off the 4 Series coupé and convertible from the 3 Series. To minimise weight, the roof is made of carbon fibre and the bonnet and front quarter panels are made from aluminium.

Facelifts
The F80 M3's design was updated in (summer) 2015 for the 2016 model year and in (march) 2017 for the 2018 model year. In the former, the taillights were given LEDs, and in the latter, the headlights were restyled and also given newer and more angular LEDs.

M Performance Parts
M Performance Parts can be fitted to all M3 models. These include a carbon fibre diffuser, a carbon fibre spoiler, a carbon fibre bumper winglet, a splitter and side skirts.

Special editions

M3 Pure
The Australian-only M3 Pure model was sold as the base model, being cheaper than the regular M3. The M3 Pure has the engine, exhaust and suspension from the Competition Package. Exterior trims include black badges, front grilles, side grilles and exhaust tips, while the interior trim uses a combination of leather and cloth.

M3 CS

An "M3 CS" special edition was produced in 2018 with an upgraded engine rated at  and . The weight was reduced by  through use of a carbon fibre hood and front splitter, Alcantara interior parts and thinner glass for the side windows.

Production of the CS totalled 1,200 units.

M3 30-Jahre Edition
To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the introduction of the first M3, BMW produced a limited run of 30-Jahre edition cars. Only 500 were made and distributed worldwide, with 150 of these making their way to the US. The US cars were all equipped with Individual Macao Blue paint, Fjord Blue and Black interior, Competition package and numerous badges and trim denoting the cars as 30-Jahre Edition.

M3 Velocity Edition
In 2018, BMW produced 20 M3 Velocity Edition models that were only available for purchase to military members stationed in Stuttgart, Germany. The Velocity Edition is equipped with the Competition Package and is only available in the "Fashion Grey Metallic" colour. A laser engraved dash/engine strut denotes the number of 20 cars made.

Motorsport
With the M3 model now being solely as a saloon, the motor racing activities switched to the M4 (F82) coupé.

Discontinuation
Production ceased in October 2018, due to the extensive changes required to meet the WLTP emissions regulations. However, the M4 model remained in production.

G80/G81 generation (2020–present)

The full M version of the G20 3 Series, powered by the BMW S58 turbocharged straight-six engine that debuted in the G01 X3 M. All-wheel drive (xDrive) has been announced as being optional on the new M3, which would represent the first time that an M3 has used a drivetrain layout other than rear-wheel drive. A manual gearbox will be available only with rear wheel drive.
It will also be available as a Touring (estate) model, marking the first time BMW has offered an M3 Touring. The BMW M3 G80 is on sale as a 2021 model, with the initial prototypes tested at the Nürburgring alongside the BMW M4 G82. It was officially unveiled on 23 September 2020 alongside the new M4.

Updates
In July 2022, for the 2023 model year, the M3 saloon received the new dual curved display featuring iDrive 8, matching the facelifted, standard 3 Series. It replaces the previous separate digital cockpit and infotainment system with iDrive 7. The M3 Touring launched directly with the new display.

M Performance Parts
M Performance Parts can be fitted to all models. These includes a wing, carbon fibre side skirts, an M Performance Exhaust system, canards, a carbon fibre splitter, a carbon fibre diffuser and rear ground effects.

Production volumes

References

M3
Sports sedans
Compact executive cars
Cars introduced in 1986
1990s cars
2000s cars
2010s cars
2020s cars
Coupés

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I drew this little cobweb baby using a neat and addictive scribbler tool called ScribblerToo. I found out about this fun diversion at the (eveyinorbit) blog. Also worth checking out as well! Have some good scribbly fun!!
Hi Saundra, thanks for following on my blog. I'm now following on yours too. I love this little drawing. I draw too, but just haven't done it as much lately since I'm working in an art journal and playing with collage.
Now, back to explore your blog.
love it!! isn't that scribbler thing so addictive? following your blog now, and will be back soon. thanks for the lovely comments you left on my blog. peace.


Pablo Gonzalez, a senior at Central Washington University, has entered the race for representative in the 15th Legislative District. He's a moderate Democrat from a Latino background, and is running in the state's only district with a Hispanic majority.
Pablo Gonzalez is no stranger to beginning the day in a race against the clock.
Like any college student, most days he leaves the house before he even has time to eat breakfast.
But unlike most college students who leave home without a second to spare, Gonzalez is not trying to catch a bus or make it to class on time. He is trying to win an election.
Hailing from a small town in the Yakima Valley and now finishing up his final quarters at Central Washington University, Gonzalez is gearing up to run for representative in the 15th Legislative District, position 2. He is the only Democrat in the race at this time, and the current representative, David Taylor (R), has not yet officially declared.
Gonzalez, a 21-year-old studying political science, organizational communication and Spanish, did not always plan to become a politician. After attending a meeting of the Washington State Democrats in Shelton earlier this year, he realized he was the youngest person there. His youth, and fresh perspective, inspired him to run for office in his home district.
In Washington state, there is no age requirement to run for state representative. Candidates like Gonzalez must simply be registered voters and citizens of the United States, according to the state constitution.
Although Gonzalez has never held a public office, he feels that his experience in other organizations has given him the skills he needs to be a good candidate. Currently, he serves as an officer for the Washington State Latino Caucus. He also participated in the Washington State Student Advisory Committee in high school.
But it's his experiences growing up and working on a farm in Zillah — population 3,000 — that makes him feel best prepared to represent his district's interests.
In high school, Gonzalez worked in apple orchards, thinning and picking apples during the summers. With this agricultural background, as well as a stepdad who emigrated from Mexico to the U.S. at a young age to work in agriculture, Gonzalez said he understands the needs of his district's immigrant workers.
Thanks to this year's redistricting of the state's legislative and congressional districts, these immigrant workers will play a major role in the elections in Gonzalez's district this November.
The 15th District, which includes the east side of Yakima County, is the only district in the state with a majority Hispanic population. The district includes almost 75,000 Hispanics and close to 55,000 non-Hispanic or whites, according to the Washington State Redistricting Commission.
Gonzalez said that he hopes his community's immigrant workers will see this redistricting as a chance to have their voices heard.
Besides representing the needs of the 15th District's agricultural community, one of Gonzalez's biggest concerns is education. He said that as a student, he can see firsthand the importance of passing legislation that stops the cuts and freezes to education funding.
"I want to demand a seat in the Higher Education Committee and make sure there is a person in there who understands the issue in a different way," he said.
Gonzalez's perspective would surely be unique. Unlike many of the representatives who maintain a professional career while in office, Gonzalez would carry on with his educational one.
During his last three years at CWU, Gonzalez has packed most quarters with 16 to 19 credits — 15 is average — in order to move more quickly toward graduation. Now that he is two quarters ahead of schedule, Gonzalez said he would be able to lighten his course load next year and especially during winter quarter, which would coincide with the 2013 legislative session.
For now, Gonzalez is devoting his time to developing campaign materials, working with a graphic designer to improve his campaign website, and fundraising. The latter of those tasks is unfamiliar territory for the aspiring politician.
According to the Washington State Public Disclosure Commission, Gonzalez has raised a little under $470 for his campaign. Most of this money, he said, came from small business owners and attorney George Fearing, the Washington State Democrats' representative for the 4th Congressional District.
Once Gonzalez officially ramps up his campaign, he plans to utilize his Twitter and Facebook accounts, start registering people to vote and begin doing whatever else he can to introduce himself to people in his district.
More than anything else, Gonzalez said he "just loves to talk to people," and thinks that his ability to interact and understand people from many different backgrounds will win over voters in the 15th District.


The OWs entertain Old Mid Whitgiftians at home this weekend and will look to regroup after a challenging set of results. Injuries have not been kind to us this season but that is the nature of today's game.
We certainly can't fault the effort of many of the players who make themselves available week in week out. Lets allfollow their lead and get yourselves down to the club.