text:
Gatlin out to win races, not popularity contest
By Gene Cherry
3 June 2015, 2:38 am
Justin Gatlin from the U.S. reacts after winning the men's 100 meters event during the Diamond League meeting in Doha, Qatar May 15, 2015. REUTERS/AK Bijuraj (Reuters)
By Gene Cherry EUGENE, Oregon (Reuters) - Justin Gatlin skipped along the track during his workout, sunglasses on, seemingly without a care in the world. And why not? The 33-year-old American, who has served two doping bans, rocketed to a lifetime best of 9.74 seconds in the 100 metres on May 15 and last weekend equalled his fastest ever 200m (19.68) at the Prefontaine Classic. Adoring fans kept him busy signing autographs for nearly an hour after his 200m win, but Gatlin's popularity is far from universal. Calls for the sprinter to be kicked out of the sport due his doping suspensions, one of which was for four years, have been widespread, coming from fellow athletes, social media and newspaper columns. "Justin Gatlin not only threatens Usain Bolt - he threatens athletics," blazed a recent British newspaper headline. The criticism, though, seems to have done little to deter Gatlin, who is looking for another fast 100 in Rome on Thursday. "I have cut that emotional rope off and let that ship sail," he told Reuters when asked about the uproar. Maybe, maybe not. Gatlin became noticeably testy at a news conference before the race. A reporter had asked for details on his 2006 positive test for the banned steroid testosterone, while another wanted to know his thoughts on a Norwegian study of mice that indicated the use of steroids could have long-term benefits. Gatlin has always maintained that a massage therapist rubbing a steroid-laced cream on his legs caused his positive test, though many doubt that explanation. His recent times have also left some in disbelief. Only four men have run faster in the 100m, and just seven in the 200m, despite the earliness of the season and the lateness of Gatlin's career. "People are going to have what they want to talk about, what they want to write about," the 2004 Olympic and 2005 world champion at 100m said in the interview. "If my competitors are OK with running against me. If he (world record holder Bolt) is OK with me running fast times and pushing him to be a better athlete, I really don't care what the world thinks." NO POPULARITY CONTEST Were it a popularity contest, things might be different. "But I am not trying to win over my naysayers," Gatlin said. "That's not my point in being in track and field. "I don't want to leave the sport saying I could have run faster. I just want to be tapped out, like I gave it my all," Gatlin said. "I think a lot of people who have the opportunity, and who are capable of running 9.7, probably hold back because they don't want to run so fast early and get the notion of being burned out." Eligible under athletics and world anti-doping rules to return in 2010 after his four-year ban, Gatlin has shown steady improvement. He won medals behind Bolt in both the 2012 Olympics (bronze) and 2013 world championships (silver). But it was last year when the uproar over his participation reached full steam. With Bolt injured, the American dominated sprinting, going undefeated in both the 100 and 200. This season he has raised more eyebrows and there is the very real possibility he could threaten Bolt's dominance when the two meet at August's world championships in Beijing. Bolt, whom Gatlin calls "the greatest in the world at what he does," has started slowly but that will change, the American said. "He knows what it takes to be at the top of his game," said Gatlin. "When the world championships come around I am expecting to go out there and see the Bolt of old." (Editing by Peter Rutherford)


It has been a long and hard year for 2013. But here at JO'S ORGANIZING, it has been worth the effort. We are not just a team here, but a working family. We meet each and every Monday, of every week, to go over any possible problems and discuss the quality of our work. We discuss what our Customers need and want from us. This keeps all staff members alerted to all of our customers.
We are very proud to have been awarded the HBA "Sub-Contractor" of the Year this year. It just shows how quality team work and a staff that works together can perform such consistent and excellent work.
As like every year here at JO'S ORGANIZING, the entire staff got together for our annual Holiday, Christmas/Hanukkah Dinner, at our favorite Italian restaurant. Excellent service, wonderful food made for an outstanding meal.
Following the meal, we all headed to the Detroit Opera House to see the Play….."ELF". Similar to the movie of the same name, starring Will Ferrell. Once again we had a superb time for the evening, with a great meal and some wonderful entertainment.
We all spent just a little bit of time together, talking about the exciting year to come, in 2014. The expansion of our Organizing division, and the enlargement of the various Organizing supplies and shelving we will be carrying. These expansions should fill in the gaps here and round out our services of both Cleaning & Organizing, as well as moving and set-up, Elderly Down-sizing, and large "Purge Clean" style projects.
From everyone here at JO'S CLEANING & ORGANIZING, we would like to wish all, a Happy Holidays, Merry Christmas and the very Best of the upcoming NEW YEAR!


Born in Kentucky in 1940, the daughter of the mystery writer C W Grafton, she began her career as a TV scriptwriter before Kinsey Millhone and the Alphabet series took off. Sue freely confesses that Kinsey is her alter ego: "I think of her as the person I might have been had I not married young and had kids; she is that stripped down piece of my personality." She writes one book a year and plans to take Kinsey all the way through the alphabet to Z when Kinsey will be forty years old. She lives and writes in Montecito, California, and Louisville, Kentucky.
There is 1 book listed by the author Sue Grafton.


AKWAABA, It's an expression you will hear several times daily as you travel around Ghana, one that will ring in your ears at night, and bring a smile to your face for weeks after you leave. Akwaaba! It means 'Welcome'! And you will be. Welcome to a Land of Sunshine, a nation with the reputation as the friendliest in Africa.
Ghana is the closet landmark to the centre of the earth. The Greenwich Meridien passes through the port city of Tema, which lies about 15 kilometres from the city of Accra. The Equator lies just 500km below Tema, making Tema the closest city to the intersecting point of Latitude 0 and Longitude 0 degrees, making it a near-perfect centre of the earth.
The Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) is a one-stop state agency empowered to assist investors to set up businesses or enter into joint ventures with their local partners in Ghana. GIPC assists all enterprises in their dealings with government officials, providing advice as well as serving as a facilitator to ensure unimpeded establishment and operation of business in Ghana.
Her Excellency Akua Sekyiwa Ahenkora is a career Diplomat who joined the Ghana Civil Service in 1991.


Lunch will be provided, car parking refunded if required. Please note the time, date and venue.
We receive comments from members that they don't know about some of the Study Days and events that are available. We advertise them on the notice board at the General Meetings and forward them to Group Convenors hoping they will forward to their members, we have also started asking the Chairman to include them in his Monthly ebulletin.
These events are arranged either by Thames Valley Network or Herts Network, to which our U3a is affiliated to. We send out as many information sheets possible without overloading you with emails. Please encourage your members to look on line for details as the popular ones get sold out very very quickly.
The normal method of handling money for the U3A.
If your trips involve people paying on the day you probably do not need to collect money in before hand as they can pay their own fees.
If you need to collect money ahead of time for the trips and you have to pay a certain fee regardless of how many come on the trip, you should collect the money ahead of time and ideally send the money to John Anderson, Treasurer, either by bank transfer or by posting the cheques. This is really important if you have to pay for coaches as John would then pay them against invoice and can also send off any admission fees that need to be paid ahead of time.
He can also advise on coach firms and if you need a hall we can help with that as well.


text:
Q: Apache Beam WriteToJdbc : java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unknown Coder URN beam:coder:pickled_python:v1 I have apache beam pipeline to read data from a file, process it and ingest it to a RDBMS(MySQL in this case) with help of apache beam library WriteToJdbc.
Data is in ndjson format which is flattened and the lenght of each record may vary.
Pipeline:
import argparse
import json
import logging
from sys import argv

import apache_beam as beam
import flatsplode
from apache_beam.io.jdbc import WriteToJdbc
from apache_beam.options.pipeline_options import PipelineOptions

data_targets = {"rdbms": {
"rdbms properties"
}}

class ProcessData(beam.DoFn):
    def process(self, element):
        element = json.loads(element)
        flat_json = flatsplode.flatsplode(element, "_")
        for data in flat_json:
            yield data

if __name__ == '__main__':
    logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.INFO)
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    known_args, pipeline_args = parser.parse_known_args(argv)
    pipeline_options = PipelineOptions(pipeline_args)

    p = beam.Pipeline(options=PipelineOptions(pipeline_args))
    read_data = p | "Read Text" >> beam.io.ReadFromText("data.json")

    process_data = read_data | "Process JSON" >> beam.ParDo(ProcessData())

    # process_data | beam.Map(print)

    process_data | f"Write to RDBMS" >> WriteToJdbc(
        table_name=data_targets["rdbms"]["tablename"],
        driver_class_name=data_targets["rdbms"]['driver_class_name'],
        jdbc_url=data_targets["rdbms"]['jdbc_url'],
        username=data_targets["rdbms"]['username'],
        password=data_targets["rdbms"]['password'])

    p.run()

I got this issue
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/cloud_repo/albertsons/python_ingestion/test.py", line 53, in <module>
    process_data | f"Write to RDBMS" >> WriteToJdbc(
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/pvalue.py", line 137, in __or__
    return self.pipeline.apply(ptransform, self)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/pipeline.py", line 655, in apply
    return self.apply(
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/pipeline.py", line 666, in apply
    return self.apply(transform, pvalueish)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/pipeline.py", line 712, in apply
    pvalueish_result = self.runner.apply(transform, pvalueish, self._options)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/runners/dataflow/dataflow_runner.py", line 142, in apply
    return super().apply(transform, input, options)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/runners/runner.py", line 185, in apply
    return m(transform, input, options)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/runners/runner.py", line 215, in apply_PTransform
    return transform.expand(input)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/transforms/external.py", line 605, in expand
    raise RuntimeError(response.error)
RuntimeError: org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException: org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unknown Coder URN beam:coder:pickled_python:v1. Known URNs: [beam:coder:avro:generic:v1, beam:coder:bytes:v1, beam:coder:bool:v1, beam:coder:string_utf8:v1, beam:coder:kv:v1, beam:coder:varint:v1, beam:coder:interval_window:v1, beam:coder:iterable:v1, beam:coder:timer:v1, beam:coder:length_prefix:v1, beam:coder:global_window:v1, beam:coder:windowed_value:v1, beam:coder:param_windowed_value:v1, beam:coder:double:v1, beam:coder:row:v1, beam:coder:sharded_key:v1, beam:coder:custom_window:v1, beam:coder:nullable:v1]
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.get(LocalCache.java:2050)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache.get(LocalCache.java:3952)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache.getOrLoad(LocalCache.java:3974)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$LocalLoadingCache.get(LocalCache.java:4958)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.RehydratedComponents.getPCollection(RehydratedComponents.java:139)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.expansion.service.ExpansionService.lambda$expand$0(ExpansionService.java:497)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$uniqKeysMapAccumulator$1(Collectors.java:178)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
        at java.base/java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet.lambda$entryConsumer$0(Collections.java:1576)
        at java.base/java.util.Iterator.forEachRemaining(Iterator.java:133)
        at java.base/java.util.Spliterators$IteratorSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Spliterators.java:1801)
        at java.base/java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableMap$UnmodifiableEntrySet$UnmodifiableEntrySetSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Collections.java:1601)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:484)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:913)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:578)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.expansion.service.ExpansionService.expand(ExpansionService.java:492)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.expansion.service.ExpansionService.expand(ExpansionService.java:606)
        at org.apache.beam.model.expansion.v1.ExpansionServiceGrpc$MethodHandlers.invoke(ExpansionServiceGrpc.java:305)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.stub.ServerCalls$UnaryServerCallHandler$UnaryServerCallListener.onHalfClose(ServerCalls.java:182)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.internal.ServerCallImpl$ServerStreamListenerImpl.halfClosed(ServerCallImpl.java:354)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.internal.ServerImpl$JumpToApplicationThreadServerStreamListener$1HalfClosed.runInContext(ServerImpl.java:866)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.internal.ContextRunnable.run(ContextRunnable.java:37)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.internal.SerializingExecutor.run(SerializingExecutor.java:133)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)
Caused by: org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.util.concurrent.UncheckedExecutionException: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unknown Coder URN beam:coder:pickled_python:v1. Known URNs: [beam:coder:avro:generic:v1, beam:coder:bytes:v1, beam:coder:bool:v1, beam:coder:string_utf8:v1, beam:coder:kv:v1, beam:coder:varint:v1, beam:coder:interval_window:v1, beam:coder:iterable:v1, beam:coder:timer:v1, beam:coder:length_prefix:v1, beam:coder:global_window:v1, beam:coder:windowed_value:v1, beam:coder:param_windowed_value:v1, beam:coder:double:v1, beam:coder:row:v1, beam:coder:sharded_key:v1, beam:coder:custom_window:v1, beam:coder:nullable:v1]
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.get(LocalCache.java:2050)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache.get(LocalCache.java:3952)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache.getOrLoad(LocalCache.java:3974)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$LocalLoadingCache.get(LocalCache.java:4958)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.RehydratedComponents.getCoder(RehydratedComponents.java:168)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.PCollectionTranslation.fromProto(PCollectionTranslation.java:51)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.RehydratedComponents$3.load(RehydratedComponents.java:108)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.RehydratedComponents$3.load(RehydratedComponents.java:98)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$LoadingValueReference.loadFuture(LocalCache.java:3528)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.loadSync(LocalCache.java:2277)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.lockedGetOrLoad(LocalCache.java:2154)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.get(LocalCache.java:2044)
        ... 27 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unknown Coder URN beam:coder:pickled_python:v1. Known URNs: [beam:coder:avro:generic:v1, beam:coder:bytes:v1, beam:coder:bool:v1, beam:coder:string_utf8:v1, beam:coder:kv:v1, beam:coder:varint:v1, beam:coder:interval_window:v1, beam:coder:iterable:v1, beam:coder:timer:v1, beam:coder:length_prefix:v1, beam:coder:global_window:v1, beam:coder:windowed_value:v1, beam:coder:param_windowed_value:v1, beam:coder:double:v1, beam:coder:row:v1, beam:coder:sharded_key:v1, beam:coder:custom_window:v1, beam:coder:nullable:v1]
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument(Preconditions.java:440)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.CoderTranslation.fromKnownCoder(CoderTranslation.java:165)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.CoderTranslation.fromProto(CoderTranslation.java:145)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.RehydratedComponents$2.load(RehydratedComponents.java:87)
        at org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.RehydratedComponents$2.load(RehydratedComponents.java:82)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$LoadingValueReference.loadFuture(LocalCache.java:3528)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.loadSync(LocalCache.java:2277)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.lockedGetOrLoad(LocalCache.java:2154)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.guava.v26_0_jre.com.google.common.cache.LocalCache$Segment.get(LocalCache.java:2044)
        ... 38 more

I tried using
process_data | beam.Map(lambda x: x).with_output_types(typing.Iterable[str]) | f"Write to RDBMS" >> WriteToJdbc(
        table_name=data_targets["rdbms"]["tablename"],
        driver_class_name=data_targets["rdbms"]['driver_class_name'],
        jdbc_url=data_targets["rdbms"]['jdbc_url'],
        username=data_targets["rdbms"]['username'],
        password=data_targets["rdbms"]['password'])

but got the following error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/cloud_repo/albertsons/python_ingestion/test.py", line 46, in <module>
    process_data | beam.Map(lambda x: x).with_output_types(typing.Iterable[str]) | f"Write to RDBMS" >> WriteToJdbc(
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/pvalue.py", line 137, in __or__
    return self.pipeline.apply(ptransform, self)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/pipeline.py", line 655, in apply
    return self.apply(
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/pipeline.py", line 666, in apply
    return self.apply(transform, pvalueish)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/pipeline.py", line 712, in apply
    pvalueish_result = self.runner.apply(transform, pvalueish, self._options)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/runners/dataflow/dataflow_runner.py", line 142, in apply
    return super().apply(transform, input, options)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/runners/runner.py", line 185, in apply
    return m(transform, input, options)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/runners/runner.py", line 215, in apply_PTransform
    return transform.expand(input)
  File "/home/somnath_c_datametica_com/.local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/apache_beam/transforms/external.py", line 605, in expand
    raise RuntimeError(response.error)
RuntimeError: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot call getSchema when there is no schema
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection.getSchema(PCollection.java:331)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.io.jdbc.JdbcSchemaIOProvider$JdbcSchemaIO$2.expand(JdbcSchemaIOProvider.java:146)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.io.jdbc.JdbcSchemaIOProvider$JdbcSchemaIO$2.expand(JdbcSchemaIOProvider.java:140)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline.applyInternal(Pipeline.java:548)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline.applyTransform(Pipeline.java:499)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.expansion.service.ExpansionService$TransformProvider.apply(ExpansionService.java:400)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.expansion.service.ExpansionService.expand(ExpansionService.java:526)
        at org.apache.beam.sdk.expansion.service.ExpansionService.expand(ExpansionService.java:606)
        at org.apache.beam.model.expansion.v1.ExpansionServiceGrpc$MethodHandlers.invoke(ExpansionServiceGrpc.java:305)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.stub.ServerCalls$UnaryServerCallHandler$UnaryServerCallListener.onHalfClose(ServerCalls.java:182)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.internal.ServerCallImpl$ServerStreamListenerImpl.halfClosed(ServerCallImpl.java:354)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.internal.ServerImpl$JumpToApplicationThreadServerStreamListener$1HalfClosed.runInContext(ServerImpl.java:866)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.internal.ContextRunnable.run(ContextRunnable.java:37)
        at org.apache.beam.vendor.grpc.v1p48p1.io.grpc.internal.SerializingExecutor.run(SerializingExecutor.java:133)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1128)
        at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:628)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829)

To overcome this I used
ExampleRow = typing.NamedTuple('ExampleRow', pcoll_schema)
coders.registry.register_coder(ExampleRow, coders.RowCoder)

but this didn't work either
Can anyone help me with this?

A: According to the documentation of WriteToJdbc it requires the input rows in the form of a NamedTuple (see programming guide):

A PTransform which writes Rows to the specified database via JDBC.
This transform receives Rows defined as NamedTuple type and registered
in the coders registry

which need to be registered in the coder registration. If you allow me to steal the example from WriteToJdbc you need to write something like this
# define NamedTuple
ExampleRow = typing.NamedTuple('ExampleRow',
                               [('id', int), ('name', unicode)])
# Register Coder
coders.registry.register_coder(ExampleRow, coders.RowCoder)

with TestPipeline() as p:
  _ = (
      p
      | beam.Create([ExampleRow(1, 'abc')])
          .with_output_types(ExampleRow)   # use name of registered coder as output type
      | 'Write to jdbc' >> WriteToJdbc(
          driver_class_name='org.postgresql.Driver',
          jdbc_url='jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/example',
          username='postgres',
          password='postgres',
          statement='INSERT INTO example_table VALUES(?, ?)',
      ))

If your data is more complex, it might be easier if you don't define the NamedTuple inline, e.g.
import typing

class ExampleRow(typing.NamedTuple):
    id: int
    name: unicode

and register as in the official example above.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Opinion Letters to the Editor Letter to the Editor by HRPP Leader: The Best Kept Secret
Caretaker Prime Minister says he is also surprised by the additional seat.
Letter to the Editor from Human Rights Protection Party leader, Hon Tuilaepa Dr Sailele Malielegaoi. Published below in verbatim.
"The Best Kept Secret"
Two retiring Americans wanted to spend the rest of their remaining days on earth in some quiet Island in the Pacific in a small motel they proposed to invest in.
They wrote to all the Island Governments in the Pacific for support and advice on their proposal.
Samoa was the only country that did not respond.
So, they came to Samoa.
The Chief Executive Officer of our Samoa Tourism Authority explained;
"Samoa is the best kept secret in the Pacific, your project will render that a secret no more."
The Tourism industry remains the greatest foreign exchange earner for Samoa.
We must therefore prioritise activities that will boost our share of the tourism market in our part of the World.
We have upgraded and rebuilt the Faleolo International Airport for increased international inbound and outbound flights, improved hotels and visitor support services and developed better access to more visitor attractions and scenic sights.
So much so that Samoa became an increasingly popular destination for visitors attending International Conventions and Sports Competitions at our all purpose-built Sports Complex.
This was witnessed in the hosting by Samoa of the United Nations Small Islands Developing States meeting of 4500 delegates in 2014, and the Commonwealth Youth Sports in 2012.
And now, Samoa is preparing to host two very important meetings in the near future.
These are the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in 2024 and the proposed signing Ceremony of another 20 years of ACP-EU Cooperation Agreement, already approved to be held in Samoa and to be known as the Samoa Agreement
Samoa has done much until now to continue attracting more visitors to Samoa.
Two programs deserve special mention and these are the National Beautification Programme for the capital, Apia and villages nationwide, and the popular annual Teuila Festival.
Before the beautification program started in 1991, our capital city was an eyesore.
Ugly stalls lined up our main streets of Apia, with stone walls around the Town clock and other road frontages as protection against dangerous driving.
The city sea walls and neglected spaces near the Vaisigano Bridge opposite Aggie Greys Hotel and the inward side of the Tufuiopa Cemetery were popular rubbish dumps.
The beautification project covered the Apia city and villages through-out Samoa using the traditional pride of the Samoans to beautify their villages, a traditional role of the village women's committees.
The project also gave rise to the building of the Savalalo flea market and the Fugalei Agriculture Market, to provide a new cadre of business minded Samoans with ready-made spaces to trade from.
The second project, the now the annual Teuila Festival, was established following a regional meeting in 1991 that I attended in Fiji with then Financial Secretary Afoa Kolone Vaai.
Fiji at the time were celebrating their annual Hibiscus Festival.
Upon our return, a recommendation for an annual Tourism Festival, similar to the Fijian Hibiscus Festival, was approved by Cabinet.
Our Festival was strictly Tourism based comprising traditional Samoan dances, songs, hymns competitions which greatly improved church music, and traditional sports.
The Festivals was named after the teuila flower for its beauty and durability, which Government then chose as the National Flower.
Fiji's Festivals is charity based. It was also purposely staged in the first week of September every year to raise visitors travel during this traditionally low period of travel.
The charity-based Festivals were often marred by conflicting decisions of pageant winners changing several times after closing.
Several years later a critic wrote in the Fiji Papers that they should copy the Samoa Teuila Festivals based on Tourism.
Visiting Ministers of the Pacific attending regional meetings in Samoa often praised these initiatives.
"We have taken a tour of Upolu, and Samoa has put us to shame. Your villages are so clean and beautiful. You have managed to do all these because of your strong culture. Sadly, we have lost our cultures".
This is how Samoa is seen by our Pacific Island neighbours and visitors alike.
Our culture of peace and tranquility influenced by our Christian values must be lived, a culture where hatred, greed and hypocrisy should not be allowed to dwell.
Tuilaepa Sailele Malielegaoi
Leader of HRPP
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text:
Petasites  Miller, 1754 è un genere di piante angiosperme dicotiledoni della famiglia delle Asteraceae (sottofamiglia Asteroideae).

Etimologia
Sembra che sia stato Dioscoride Pedanio (Anazarbe in Cilicia, 40 circa – 90 circa), medico, botanico e farmacista greco antico che esercitò a Roma ai tempi dell'imperatore Nerone, a nominare per primo queste piante col nome di Petasites riferendosi alle grandi foglie simili al petàsos un cappello a grandi falde usato dai viaggiatori del suo tempo. Nome ripreso più volte in tempi moderni da vari botanici (Tournefort, Adanson o Gaertner) e comunque consolidato, come genere, da Linneo nel 1735 e collocato nelle "Corimbifere".

Il nome scientifico attualmente accettato (Petasites) è stato proposto dal botanico scozzese Philip Miller (Chelsea, 1691 – Chelsea, 1771) nella pubblicazione "The Gardeners Dictionary" (Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. [1056] ) del 1754.

Descrizione

Habitus. Sono piante robuste e perenni le cui altezza varia da qualche decimetro fino a un metro (massimo 120 cm) e presentano un forte dimorfismo tra le foglie cauline e quelle radicali. La forma biologica in generale è geofita rizomatosa (G rhiz); ossia sono piante perenni erbacee che portano le gemme in posizione sotterranea. Durante la stagione avversa non presentano organi aerei e le gemme si trovano in organi sotterranei chiamati rizomi, un fusto sotterraneo dal quale, ogni anno, si dipartono radici e fusti aerei (riproduzione vegetativa); altrimenti queste piante si possono riprodurre anche a mezzo seme. Sono presenti specie dioiche.

Radici. Le radici sono secondarie da rizoma.

Fusto.
 Parte ipogea: la parte sotterranea consiste in rizomi grossi o sottili, chiari o scuri secondo la specie, spesso sono tubulosi.
 Parte epigea: i fusti aerei sono grossi e tubolosi (cavi) generalmente di colore bruno-arrossato. Il portamento è eretto e non sono ramificati. Nella parte iniziale dello sviluppo (fino alla fioritura) il fusto è ricoperto solamente da squame, poi (a fine fioritura) incominciano a formarsi le foglie radicali.

Foglie. Le foglie sono sia basali che cauline disposte in modo alternato.
 Foglie basali: le foglie radicali sono grandi e a forma rotondeggiante, triangolare-cuoriforme o reniforme e lungamente picciolate. Il bordo è dentato (a volte in modo grossolano, altre con dentatura doppia). L'insenatura basale (il punto d'inserzione del picciolo) in alcune specie è notevolmente pronunciata. Generalmente le pagine superiori sono verdi e glabre, mentre quelle inferiori sono ricoperte da una lanugine biancastra di tipo cotonoso. I piccioli facilmente sono scanalati e possono essere sia glabri che tomentosi. Normalmente queste foglie si formano dopo la fioritura. Dimensioni massime: larghezza 80 cm; lunghezza 45 cm.
 Foglie cauline: quelle cauline sono sessili e abbraccianti il caule; la loro forma è lanceolata con un debole ripiegamento all'apice e rimpiccioliscono lievemente verso l'infiorescenza. Il colore di queste foglie, come quello del fusto, è più o meno arrossato.

Infiorescenza. Le sinflorescenze sono formate da diversi capolini sub-sessili. La forma è un racemo (panicolato) ovale che poi alla fioritura si allunga. Le sinflorescenze sono tutte terminali. La struttura dei capolini (l'infiorescenza vera e propria) è quella tipica delle Asteraceae: un peduncolo sorregge un involucro campanulato (o sub-cilindrico) composto da diverse (da 12 a 15) brattee lineari e non tutte uguali, disposte in modo embricato in un'unica serie (a volte anche in 2 - 3 serie) che fanno da protezione al ricettacolo nudo (senza pagliette), piano o leggermente convesso, ma alveolato, sul quale s'inseriscono due tipi di fiori: i fiori femminili, quelli esterni ligulati, e i fiori ermafroditi, quelli centrali tubulosi. Le brattee sulla superficie hanno da 1 a 5 nervi, mentre il bordo è scarioso. Diametro degli involucri 6 – 15 mm.

Queste piante sono fondamentalmente dioiche in quanto le infiorescenze (rispetto alla composizione dei capolini) possono essere di due tipi:
 Androdiname - piante maschili: alla periferia i fiori femminili sono pochi (da 1 a 20) in un'unica serie; mentre nella zona centrale del disco i fiori ermafroditi sono pochissimi in quanto quasi sempre lo stilo è sterile e quindi in maggioranza i fiori risultano maschili (da 10 a 80); in queste piante inoltre il racemo si presenta più ovale e i fiori appassiscono subito dopo la fioritura.
 Ginodiname – piante femminili: alla periferia non sono presenti i fiori femminili, mentre nella zona centrale del disco la maggioranza è composta da fiori femminili (da 30 a 130) e pochissimi fiori ermafroditi (o maschili: da 1 a 12); in questo caso l'infiorescenza assomiglia di più ad una pannocchia allargata ed è più persistente (questo per dare il tempo agli ovari di trasformarsi in frutti).

Fiori.  I fiori sono tetra-ciclici (formati cioè da 4 verticilli: calice – corolla – androceo – gineceo) e pentameri (calice e corolla formati da 5 elementi). Sono inoltre ermafroditi, più precisamente i fiori del raggio (quelli ligulati e zigomorfi) sono femminili; mentre quelli del disco centrale (tubulosi e actinomorfi) sono bisessuali o a volte funzionalmente maschili.

 Formula fiorale:
 */x K , [C (5), A (5)], G 2 (infero), achenio

 Calice: i sepali del calice sono ridotti ad una coroncina di squame.

 Corolla: tutti i fiori (maschili - femminili) hanno delle corolle tubulari a 5 denti; solo quelli femminili in posizione radiale hanno la corolla sempre a tubo ma troncata obliquamente (o lievemente ligulata). Il colore dei fiori è bianco, rosato o violetto.

 Androceo: gli stami sono 5 con dei filamenti liberi. La parte basale del collare dei filamenti può essere dilatata. Le antere invece sono saldate fra di loro e formano un manicotto che circonda lo stilo. Le antere sono senza coda ("ecaudate") e alla base sono ottuse. La struttura delle antere è di tipo tetrasporangiato, raramente sono bisporangiate. Il tessuto endoteciale è radiale o polarizzato. Il polline è tricolporato (tipo "helianthoid").

 Gineceo: lo stilo è unico, articolato con uno stimma filiforme o ovale e sporgente dal tubo corollino. Le superfici stigmatiche sono continue.  L'ovario è infero uniloculare formato da 2 carpelli.

 Antesi: in genere tutte le specie fioriscono alla fine dell'inverno o inizio primavera.

Frutti. I frutti sono degli acheni con pappo. La forma degli acheni è sub-cilindrica; la superficie è percorsa da 5 - 10 coste longitudinali e può essere glabra o talvolta pubescente. Non sempre il carpoforo è distinguibile. All'apice è presente un pappo bianco candido formato da diversi peli lunghi (da 60 a 100), molli e denticolati.

Biologia
Impollinazione: l'impollinazione avviene tramite insetti (impollinazione entomogama tramite farfalle diurne e notturne).
Riproduzione: la fecondazione avviene fondamentalmente tramite l'impollinazione dei fiori (vedi sopra).
Dispersione: i semi (gli acheni) cadendo a terra sono successivamente dispersi soprattutto da insetti tipo formiche (disseminazione mirmecoria). In questo tipo di piante avviene anche un altro tipo di dispersione: zoocoria. Infatti gli uncini delle brattee dell'involucro (se presenti) si agganciano ai peli degli animali di passaggio disperdendo così anche su lunghe distanze i semi della pianta. Inoltre per merito del pappo il vento può trasportare i semi anche a distanza di alcuni chilometri (disseminazione anemocora).

Distribuzione e habitat
Le specie di questo genere sono presenti soprattutto nelle regioni sub-artiche e temperato-fresche dell'emisfero boreale, mentre gli habitat tipici sono le zone ombreggiate e umide. In queste aree (ad esempio lungo le sponde dei ruscelli) è facile trovare in tarda primavera delle zone molto estese ricoperte fittamente dalle grandi foglie radicali di queste piante.

Delle specie spontanee della flora italiana tutte vivono sull'arco alpino. La tabella seguente mette in evidenza alcuni dati relativi all'habitat, al substrato e alla diffusione delle specie alpine.

Sistematica
La famiglia di appartenenza di questa voce (Asteraceae o Compositae, nomen conservandum) probabilmente originaria del Sud America, è la più numerosa del mondo vegetale, comprende oltre 23.000 specie distribuite su 1.535 generi, oppure 22.750 specie e 1.530 generi secondo altre fonti (una delle checklist più aggiornata elenca fino a 1.679 generi). La famiglia attualmente (2021) è divisa in 16 sottofamiglie; la sottofamiglia Asteroideae è una di queste e rappresenta l'evoluzione più recente di tutta la famiglia.

All'interno della famiglia delle Asteraceae i "Farfaracci", tradizionalmente, fanno parte della sottofamiglia delle Tubiflore; sottofamiglia caratterizzata dall'avere capolini con fiori tubulosi al centro ed eventualmente fiori ligulati alla periferia, squame dell'involucro ben sviluppate e frutti con pappo biancastro e morbido.

All'interno del genere, in riferimento alle specie spontanee italiane, il botanico italiano Adriano Fiori (1865 – 1950) le ha divise in due sezioni ben distinte:
 Sezione NARDOSMIA : le corolle dei fiori femminili della zona periferica del capolino sono brevemente ligulate; l'infiorescenza di tipo racemoso è composta da pochi capolini (3-10); le brattee del racemo, nella parte inferiore, sono molto grandi, quasi fogliacee.
 Sezione EUPETASITES : questa sezione è caratterizzata dall'avere infiorescenze con numerosi capolini spesso organizzati in un racemo allungato (a fine fioritura); le corolle dei fiori radiali sono troncate (o appena ligulate); le foglie-brattee caulinari sono sempre lanceolate-acuminate indipendentemente dalla posizione che possono avere lungo il fusto (basale o apicale).

Filogenesi
Il genere di questa voce appartiene alla sottotribù Tussilagininae della tribù Senecioneae (una delle 21 tribù della sottofamiglia Asteroideae). La sottotribù descritta in tempi moderni da Bremer (1994), dopo le analisi di tipo filogenetico sul DNA del plastidio (Pelser et al., 2007) è risultata parafiletica con le sottotribù Othonninae e Brachyglottidinae annidiate al suo interno. Attualmente con questa nuova circoscrizione la sottotribù Tussilagininae s.s. risulta suddivisa in quattro subcladi.

Le "Tossilaggine", tradizionalmente, fanno parte della sottofamiglia delle "Tubiflore" (o attualmente Asteroideae); sottofamiglia caratterizzata dall'avere capolini con fiori tubulosi al centro ed eventualmente fiori ligulati alla periferia, brattee dell'involucro ben sviluppate e frutti con pappo biancastro e morbido. Il genere di questa voce appartiene a un subclade abbastanza ben supportato comprendente i generi Endocellion, Homogyne, Petasites e Tussilago. Questi generi prediligono climi temperato/boreali in areali prevalentemente settentrionali e con una distribuzione eurasiatica con un unico rappresentante nel Nord America, vale a dire il polimorfo Petasites frigidus.

I caratteri distintivi del genere  Petasites sono:
 i rizomi sono spessi;
 le foglie si sviluppano dopo l'infiorescenza;
 i capolini sono del tipo discoide o disciforme.

Questo genere è composto di 18 specie. Il numero cromosomico delle specie di questo genere è: 2n = 20, 28, 32, 52, 56, 58, 60, 80, 88, 90 e 120.

Variabilità e Ibridi
La tassonomia di questo genere è difficile in quanto le varie specie sono abbastanza simili tra di loro (bassa variabilità nella morfologia), mentre le foglie possiedono un alto grado di polimorfismo (specialmente in relazione al particolare habitat in cui si trovano). Inoltre "sul campo" difficilmente si possono trovare di una stessa specie contemporaneamente sia le fioriture che le foglie radicali: molti taxa risultano di difficile identificazione senza le foglie.

Nel Nord America ricerche fatte hanno evidenziato l'esistenza di quattro gruppi polimorfi che però ancora non hanno raggiunto una sufficiente differenziazione (e stabilità) a livello di specie. Queste ricerche indicano nella morfologia delle foglie la migliore demarcazione tassonomica tra le varie specie anche se è bene tenere presente pure i caratteri dell'infiorescenza. Probabilmente in Europa (e quindi anche in Italia) questo genere soffre dei medesimi problemi.

Specie spontanee della flora italiana
Per meglio comprendere ed individuare le varie specie del genere (solamente per le specie spontanee della flora italiana) l'elenco seguente utilizza in parte il sistema delle chiavi analitiche.

 1A: le infiorescenze si presentano con molti capolini; nel capolino sono presenti solamente fiori tubulosi (quelli ligulati periferici e raggianti sono assenti);
 2A: i fiori ermafroditi (con stilo fertile) hanno gli stimmi ovali, brevi e sporgono appena oltre il tubo corollino;
 Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn. - Farfaraccio maggiore: le foglie radicali sono verdi su entrambe le facce; i bordi sono grossolanamente dentati e raggiungono un diametro di 40 – 60 cm. L'altezza delle piante varia da 10 a 40 cm; il ciclo biologico è perenne; la forma biologica è geofita rizomatosa (G rhiz); il tipo corologico è Eurasiatico; l'habitat tipico sono i luoghi umidi, e le sponde dei ruscelli; la diffusione sul territorio italiano è quasi completa, a parte le isole, fino ad un'altitudine di 1650 .
 2B: i fiori ermafroditi (con stilo fertile) hanno gli stimmi filiformi, allungati e sporgono ben oltre il tubo corollino;
 3A: le squame (o foglie) del fusto hanno un colore verde-giallastro, mentre i fiori sono bianco-giallastri;
 Petasites albus (L.) Gaertn. - Farfaraccio bianco: le foglie radicali sono verdi sulla pagina superiore e tomentosa di sotto; i bordi sono doppiamente dentati e la lamina fogliare è reniforme. L'altezza delle piante varia da 20 a 40 cm; il ciclo biologico è perenne; la forma biologica è geofita rizomatosa (G rhiz); il tipo corologico è Orofita – Centro Europeo; l'habitat tipico sono le vallecole umide, e le zone a faggete; la diffusione sul territorio italiano è discontinua ad un'altitudine compresa tra 500 e 2000 .
 3B: le squame (o foglie) del fusto sono arrossate, mentre i fiori sono bianco-rosei;
 Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. - Farfaraccio niveo: le foglie radicali sono verdi sulla pagina superiore e tomentose di sotto; i bordi sono doppiamente dentati e la lamina fogliare ha una forma triangolare-astata. L'altezza delle piante varia da 30 a 50 cm; il ciclo biologico è perenne; la forma biologica è geofita rizomatosa (G rhiz); il tipo corologico è Orofita – Sud Europeo; l'habitat tipico sono i pendii franosi, zone ghiaiose e sponde dei torrenti montani; la diffusione sul territorio italiano è solo sulle Alpi ad un'altitudine compresa tra 600 e 2200 .
 1B: le infiorescenze si presentano con pochi (3 - 10) capolini; il capolino è completo sia dei fiori centrali tubulosi che di quelli ligulati periferici;
 Petasites pyreanicus (Loefl.) G.López - Farfaraccio vaniglione: le foglie radicali sono verdi su entrambe le facce; i bordi sono regolarmente dentati e raggiungono un diametro di 6 – 20 cm. L'altezza delle piante varia da 20 a 40 cm; il ciclo biologico è perenne; la forma biologica è geofita rizomatosa (G rhiz); il tipo corologico è Eurimediterraneo; l'habitat tipico sono le forre umide; la diffusione sul territorio italiano è relativamente completa ma è considerata specie rara e vegeta fino ad un'altitudine di 800 .

Sinonimi
Sono elencati alcuni sinonimi per questa entità:
 Nardosmia Cass., 1825
 Petasitis  Mill., 1754

Generi simili
Le specie del genere Adenostyles Cass. (A. alliariae (Gouan) A.Kern., A. alpina (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. e A. leucophylla (Willd.) Rchb.) possono essere confuse con le piante del genere Petasites in quanto le varie specie convivono negli stessi ambienti; questo però se si tratta di individui ridotti alle sole foglie. Si possono distinguere comunque in quanto la lamina delle Adenostyles è più triangolare e le nervature sono disposte in modo alterno (mentre quelle delle foglie del "farfaraccio" sono opposte e più simmetriche).

Usi

Farmacia
 Sostanze presenti: olii essenziali, glucoside, mucillagini, tannini, e sali minerali vari.
 Proprietà curative: nella medicina popolare queste piante vengono usate per le loro proprietà vulnerarie (guarisce le ferite), sedative (calma stati nervosi o dolorosi in eccesso), bechiche (azione calmante della tosse) ed emmenagoghe (regola il flusso mestruale).
 Parti usate: rizomi, capolini e foglie. Le foglie hanno la proprietà di calmare la tosse, mentre invece appena raccolte vengono applicate sulle ulcere per ottenere una rapida cicatrizzazione.

Cucina
In Giappone si consumano, facendoli arrostire al fuoco, i piccioli della Petasites japonicus; ma si usano anche come sottaceti o in salamoia. Gli eschimesi dell'Alaska usano invece Petasites frigidus come ortaggio. Anche alcune tribù delle zone montuose della California del nord si cibano dei piccioli (e delle foglie) del Petasites palmatus. Un altro impiego che viene fatto frequentemente con le piante di questo genere è come sostituto del sale da cucina (dalle ceneri dopo bruciatura). Viene comunque consigliato un uso edule moderato di queste piante in quanto contengono alcuni alcaloidi epatotossici (alcaloidi pirrolizidinici).

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
Generi di Asteraceae

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
  Petasites Royal Botanic Gardens KEW - Database

 Petasites eFloras Database
 Petasites Flora Europaea (Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh) Database
 Petasites GRIN Database
 Petasites IPNI Database

Asteroideae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Politics|Trump Attaches Severe Restrictions to Puerto Rico's Long-Delayed Disaster Aid
https://nyti.ms/2FPJ0b4
Trump Attaches Severe Restrictions to Puerto Rico's Long-Delayed Disaster Aid
Days after the island was hit by a 5.9-magnitude earthquake, the White House released billions in aid but placed limits on how it can be spent.
The Trump administration imposed severe restrictions on billions of dollars in emergency relief to Puerto Rico, including blocking spending on the island's electrical grid.Credit...Erika P. Rodriguez for The New York Times
By Lola Fadulu and Mark Walker
WASHINGTON — The Trump administration imposed severe restrictions on Wednesday on billions of dollars in emergency relief to Puerto Rico, including blocking spending on the island's electrical grid and suspending its $15-an-hour minimum wage for federally funded relief work.
The nearly $16 billion in funding, released while Puerto Ricans still sleep on the streets for fear of aftershocks from last week's earthquake, is part of $20 billion that Congress allocated for disaster recovery and preparation more than a year ago, in response to the commonwealth being hit by back-to-back hurricanes in 2017.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development had released only $1.5 billion of the congressional relief, citing concerns about political corruption. Of that, only $5 million has been spent.
"In a great win for Puerto Ricans and U.S. taxpayers," said Chase Jennings, a spokesman for the Office of Management and Budget at the White House, "the administration has outlined reforms for the grant agreement to Puerto Rico in order to protect resources."
Representative Nydia M. Velázquez, Democrat of New York and the first Puerto Rican woman elected to the House, called the move disdainful and contemptuous.
"Why is Puerto Rico always subjected to different standards when it comes to this administration?" she demanded.
President Trump has clashed repeatedly with Puerto Rico's government. In 2018, he suggested the death toll from Hurricanes Irma and Maria had been inflated "to make me look as bad as possible." He has exaggerated the amount of federal relief allocated to the island and denounced the mayor of San Juan as "crazed and incompetent."
Even as pressure has mounted for him to release emergency assistance, the president has maintained his assertions that the money will not be well spent. On Wednesday, the White House budget office made clear how those assertions had shaped relief.
To gain access to $8.2 billion in recovery money and $8.3 billion in disaster prevention funds, Puerto Rico will have to submit budget plans to its federally mandated fiscal control board, which will track where the money goes. It will also have to bolster its property registration database.
Puerto Rico will be barred from paying its $15-an-hour minimum wage to workers on federally funded projects. And none of the funds can be used on the electrical grid, although the Department of Housing and Urban Development has yet to release nearly $2 billion that was allocated for Puerto Rico's electrical system.
White House officials acknowledged that rolling blackouts continue in Puerto Rico but insisted there was no need for new money.
The requirements were first reported by The Washington Post.
A congressional aide involved in the issue said the White House and its budget office appeared to have chosen restrictions that would be politically difficult for Puerto Rican officials to carry out. That way, the aide suggested, the federal government would not appear responsible for withholding the aid.
For example, the fiscal control board is viewed in Puerto Rico as unaccountable to the people. And Puerto Rican officials are not inclined to tell workers they will be paid less than the minimum wage. With regard to the property and deed registrations, Puerto Ricans have long used informal ownership records.
The restriction relating to the electrical grid may just be a practical one: Congress has already appropriated a separate tranche of money specifically for the electrical grid, though it has yet to be allocated.
Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, called the new restrictions "onerous and unprecedented" and said they "would add insult to injury for our fellow Americans in Puerto Rico reeling from multiple natural disasters."
The White House announcement came four days after a 5.9-magnitude earthquake rocked an island reeling from a series of earthquakes this month and still struggling to recover from Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. Parts of the island have lost power, and some Puerto Ricans have set up camp in public spaces instead of returning to their homes.
"While it is a welcome development that the administration has released its hold on these funds, this step is inexcusably overdue," Ms. Velázquez said.
Puerto Rico's government was already straining to spend federal money under earlier restrictions. The new conditions will make it much harder.
The administration's disparate treatment of Puerto Rico is not new. In August, the Department of Housing and Urban Development announced that it would release billions of dollars in federal disaster mitigation funds in two funds: one for nine states on the mainland, and the other for nonstates like Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands. The department also announced it would appoint a federal financial monitor to ensure that the money for Puerto Rico was managed properly.
"Recovery efforts in jurisdictions prepared to do their part should not be held back due to alleged corruption, fiscal irregularities and financial mismanagement occurring in Puerto Rico," Ben Carson, the secretary of housing and urban development, said at the time.
Congressional Democrats are struck by how long the money has been delayed.
"As appropriators, we have fought for the release of the aid by questioning Secretary Carson, establishing a legal deadline for agency action, conducting an oversight hearing with HUD officials and the inspector general, and withholding money from the department in the most recent appropriations bill," said Representative David E. Price, Democrat of North Carolina. "It should never have come to this."
Since 2017, the housing department, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and other agencies have provided only a fraction of the $91 billion in aid Puerto Rico is estimated to have needed after the hurricanes, leaving the island's critical infrastructure and homes in limbo.
President Trump has approved Puerto Rico's request for an emergency declaration but has not approved a major disaster declaration, which could pave the way for additional federal funding.
Annie Karni contributed reporting.


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text:
Grand Canyon Glass Walkway
The Grand Canyon glass walkway is one of the canyon's most famous attractions. Located at the edge of the West Rim, the bridge lets you walk past the edge and into the abyss. The moment is absolutely gravity defying. Do it once and you can scratch space travel off your bucket list.
Tours to the walkway leave daily from Las Vegas. Transportation includes helicopter, airplane, and bus. Trips are all-inclusive and come with hotel pick up and drop off, lunch, and a professional guide. Tours range from half a day to a full day with prices starting at $120 per person.
The bridge is the centerpiece of the Grand Canyon Skywalk complex, which on completion will boast a movie theater, gift shop, several restaurants, and a VIP lounge. The complex itself sits amid a 9,000-acre area called Grand Canyon West. The Hualapai Indians own this land and when it's developed will feature hotels, restaurants, a golf course, and a cable car to the bottom!
The glass walkway extends 70 feet past the lip of the rim. It's a thrilling sensation knowing that the only thing standing between you and the bottom 4,000 feet below is a panel of glass. Breath deeply before looking down. I recommend holding the glass railing if you are prone to vertigo.
The bridge is a technological marvel. The $30 million Skywalk is comprised of 46 panels made up of Saint-Gobain Diamant low iron glass and Dupont SentryGlas. The railings are made of the same hybrid material but use fewer layers so it can be bent to follow the bridge's curvature. The deck panels are reported to have cost $250,000 each.
Engineers have designed the walkway to withstand the harshest physical conditions, including Magnitude 8 earthquakes and winds over 100 miles per hour. It can support up to 71 jumbo jets simultaneously. Put another way, it can hold 800 people at once (maximum occupancy is 120).
There are lots of Grand Canyon glass walkway tours from Vegas. Many of them allow you to tack on side-trips. The most popular are:
1. Helicopter ride to the bottom
It's a 4,000-foot descent through surreal buttes, spires, and ravines. Land on the bottom. Enjoy a Champagne picnic lunch. Explore the base.
2. Helicopter to the bottom with boat
This tour extends the helicopter ride to include a smooth-water float trip down the Colorado River.
The West Rim is the only place in the Grand Canyon where you can ride a helicopter to the bottom and land. There are no air tours between the West Rim and the South Rim. If you want a South Rim helicopter tour, you must take a 45-minute airplane flight from Vegas then transfer to a chopper at Grand Canyon Airport.
More than 200,000 people visit the bridge annually. Book your Skywalk tour as far in advance as possible. Never pay full retail price. To get the best deal, shop the Internet. I've seen prices slashed by as much as 35 percent. Resist completing your web booking on the phone. Commissioned sales people are on the other end of the line and it's their job to sell you a tour at the highest price possible.


text:
«Швидкісний поїзд» () — американський бойовик режисера Девіда Літча. Фільм заснований на романі Котара Ісаки «Жук Марія». У головних ролях Бред Пітт та Джої Кінг.

Сюжет
П'ятеро вбивць опиняються в японському швидкісному потязі, розуміючи, що їхні індивідуальні завдання не пов'язані з іншими.

У ролях

Виробництво
У червні 2020 року було оголошено, що Sony Pictures найняв Девіда Лейча для режисури екранізації роману Котаро Ісака. Бреда Пітта та Джої Кінг затверджено на ролі наступного місяця. У вересні до акторського складу були додані Ендрю Кодзі а в жовтні приєдналися Аарон Тейлор-Джонсон та Брайан Тайрі Генрі. У листопаді 2020 року Зазі Біц, Масі Ока, Майкл Шеннон, Леді Гага, Логан Лерман, Хіроюкі Санада та Карен Фукухара приєдналися до акторського складу, а Джонатана Села підтвердили на посаду головного оператора фільму. Того ж місяця до складу акторського складу також було додано Bad Bunny, а Сандра Буллок приєдналася до наступного року в лютому.

Виробництво фільму розпочалось у жовтні 2020 року в Лос-Анджелесі. Зйомки розпочались 16 листопада 2020 року, а завершились у березні 2021 року.

Примітки

Посилання

Фільми США 2022
Фільми, зняті в Лос-Анджелесі
Фільми про потяги
Фільми про Японію
Фільми Columbia Pictures
Фільми англійською мовою


text:
Q: Active Record validation :length error msg to show actual length? I have a class that I am using a the validates method to check for length, and I want to inject the actual length into the error message. Is this possible?
Here is my current class where I am using the validation:
class Something
  validates :summary, :detail, :length => {
    :in => 300..500,
    :too_short => "must have at least %{count} letters",
    :too_long => "must have at most %{count} letters"
  }

And the error message shows:
2 errors prohibited this job from being saved.

Summary must have at least 300 letters
Detail must have at least 300 letters

But I'd like to show:
...
Summary is only 250 letters and must have at least 300 letters
...

A: for your solution, you can pass custom validation
validate:summary_length

def summary_length
  if self.summary.length < 10 && !self.summary.blank?
    errors[:base] << "is only #{self.summary.size} letters and must have at least 10 letters"
  end
end

A: Try this, seems to work for me:
class Something
    validates :summary,
        :in => 300..500,
        :too_short => "summary is only #{summary.length} and must have at least %{count} letters"
        # etc.
    validates :detail,
        :in => 300..500,
        :too_short => "detail is only #{detail.length} and must have at least %{count} letters
       # etc.


REDCAT, the Roy and Edna Disney/CalArts Theater and Gallery, seeks Gallery Attendant Staff for its experimental 3000 sq ft space. Located in downtown Los Angeles and part of the Walt Disney Concert Hall complex, REDCAT is an interdisciplinary arts center presenting influential new works in the performing, visual and media arts.
REDCAT is an initiative of the California Institute of the Arts, which offers programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) and Master of Fine Arts (MFA) and undergraduate and advanced certificates in art, critical studies, dance, film/video, music, and theater.
to re-shape the future of the arts sector in exciting and important ways.
The City of San Jose Public Art Program (SJPA) is creating a Roster of Pre-Qualified Artists. The purpose of the Roster is to streamline the artist selection process for a range of upcoming mural projects. Artists who are chosen for inclusion in the Roster will be eligible to be considered for future public art mural projects in San Jose. Inclusion in the final Roster will be for a period of three years.
Possible mural project locations may include, but are not limited to, a range of outdoor and indoor sites; surfaces may include concrete, plaster, wood, asphalt (such as crosswalks), vinyl or poly-vinyl mesh, and other materials; they may also include digitally-projected images. Sites may have pre-existing paint or other treatments.
Nickelodeon Animation Studio is looking for a full-time Storyboard Artist for its hit animated series The Loud House! This positions is looking to start as quickly as possible (summer 2017). We are looking for someone who can easily grasp The Loud House's style - cartoony, comic strip-inspired. Great staging. This show is script-driven. A brief test will be required.
The J. Paul Getty Museum is seeking an experienced Museum Council Manager to oversee and coordinate stewardship programs and activities for the Museum Councils.
Serve as the primary liaison between the Getty Museum, the Trust Development Office and the members of the Museum's Councils.
Assist the Development Office with the annual Museum Council dues renewal process.
Manage and track each Council's operating budget to include tracking and reporting on Council approved commitments; on a monthly basis work with Museum Finance on reconciliation and reporting of Council activity.
Prepare annual report on each Council activity for Museum/Trust senior leadership and the Board of Trustees.
Oversee and coordinate all Council activities, including semi-annual meetings and Council approved travel.
Create uniform materials for the Councils to include informational/ solicitation packets, member directories, meeting materials, and other materials as determined by the Museum and Development staff.
Coordinate with the Development Office on the development, management, and tracking of Council member files in Raiser's Edge, including the history of support and interactions with Museum/Development staff.
Work with Development staff to ensure Council activities are aligned with Museum and Trust priorities.
Represent the Museum in dealing with the GCI and GRI Councils to help ensure efficient coordination and alignment.
Oversee invitation lists for Museum Council, and donor events.
Arteles Creative Center is located in Haukijärvi, a part of the countryside city of Hämeenkyrö in Finland. The region represents very traditional Finnish countryside with beautiful landscapes, forests and hundreds of lakes.
MAIDEN LA is an inclusive and expansive county-wide survey of art happenings throughout the month of August 2017. The program encourages self-initiation, the use of alternative spaces, and the consideration of the city as a platform for generative discourse and exchange. Maiden LA is an egalitarian program that aims to create an open forum for artists, collectives, curators, galleries, museums, et cetera, to connect and share.
MAIDEN LA--a playful anagram and homophone of 'Made in LA'--is a call to assemble and host open studios, group shows, performances, or any variety of self-initiated projects in both traditional and unconventional spaces during the month of August.
Artists, organizers, and self-started spaces are encouraged to host an event anytime during the month, and to submit project details for inclusion in an online directory and interactive map. There will also be a limited edition fold-out map that will act as a physical guide to the network.
To connect with other participants about potential collaborations, venues, etc., please post to our Community Bulletin Board.
Call for Artists, Designers, Creatives and Makers!
Music Tastes Good is an eclectic two-day music and food festival, taking place at an outdoor location in downtown Long Beach, CA on Saturday, September 30th & Sunday, October 1st. Inspired by our nation's shipping ports, and more specifically, the Port of Long Beach, this year's event draws heavily on cultural exchange and the import and export of sounds, flavors, and ideas.
Provide high impact with exceptional and visionary work.
Engage community through an artist-initiated process.
Exhibit cultural experimentation and innovation.
Ideal projects will embody one or both of the overarching and intertwined festival themes of musical performance and culinary arts.
All media is accepted. This includes, but is not limited to, painting, photography, sculpture, light projection, video, and all two-dimensional and three-dimensional work, new-media and any non-traditional media. Submission can be a single piece, a series, an installation with multiple components, or any other output that could be exhibited in an outdoor space. The space is big, really big. Think big, nothing but vast amounts of bigness.
Please check website listed for full application requirements and direct all correspondence to the festival's Director of Art Installations, Nicolassa Galvez at art@musictastesgood.com.
The DAC Gallery is seeking submissions for its annual Summer Group Exhibition that will take place June 3rd - July 7th, 2017.
This call is open to all artists within the continental United States. There is no submission fee. Although the range of accepted mediums is largely open, the gallery is interested in emphasizing artwork that is wholly or in part, made from fiber-based materials.
Submissions are due by 4PM on May 12, 2017 to DACGalleryLA@gmail.com. Submissions will only be accepted through email (Dropbox, WeTransfer, Google Drive, and compatible methods of large file delivery applications are acceptable). An opening reception will be held on Saturday, June 3rd from 6-8PM.
Please do not call or email to check on the status of your submission, artists be notified by 4PM on May 19th regarding the Gallery Director's decision on what work will be exhibited. Detailed submission guidelines can be found here.
This is one of my next steps. I am curating a mail art show at Brainworks gallery in August 2017.
Follow Art and Cake, Brainworks Gallery and Shoebox PR to keep up with the latest information on our HUDDLE.
Examples of eligible projects include, but are not limited to: art exhibitions, performances, readings and concerts, sponsoring of arts-related workshops and conferences, marketing and promotional activities and planning, implementation, and/or evaluation of arts education/learning programs for school-aged students or other targeted participants.
An applicant may receive only one Jackpot Grant per fiscal year.
Organizations applying for funds to support an artist residency must submit an Arts Learning Project Grant or Artist Residency Express Grant application.
Individual artists of all disciplines, including folk and traditional artists, community scholars and teaching artists.
Nevada 501(c)3 nonprofit organizations and public institutions such as schools, colleges, community centers, youth organizations, museums, tribal entities, senior centers, park districts and libraries. Organizations in the process of applying for nonprofit 501(c)3 status may apply using a Fiscal Agent.
This is a quarterly grant category. As applications arrive, each is reviewed for eligibility and completeness by NAC staff, processed and scheduled for committee review.
All artists 18+ are invited to submit proposals in any media. Work must be original and have been executed within the last two years. Send 20 digital files saved as high quality JPEGs on a CD or flash drive with image list (title, media, size), resume and artist statement to: Galleries 2018, Rogue Community College, 3345 Redwood Hwy, Grants Pass, OR 97527. Notification sent by June 23, 2017.
If accepted, the artist is responsible for shipping costs to and from the gallery.
Wherever you are, send us a visual poetry, a postal artwork, a postcard poetry, a concrete poetry-artwork, undo barriers, dissolve the borders and make part of this international exhibition.
Technique: It's about sending by post a work that can be a poetry, a visual production, or what you understand by visual poetry. Write, paint, draw, paste, sew, print, photograph! The materiality must be necessarily sent by mail, without a stamp, it doesn't fit.
Send it until August 2 nd, 2017.
* There is no selection. The works wont be returned. All the works received will be exposed and will make part of a digital catalogue.
** The exhibition will take place at Feevale Cultural Space, from 04/09 to 05/11/2017.
The Marin Headlands is 13,000 coastal acres of national park located just 10 minutes north of San Francisco, across the Golden Gate Bridge. Headlands Center for the Arts is housed in artist-renovated former military buildings, surrounded by low coastal hills and the Pacific Ocean at the northern edge of the entrance to the San Francisco Bay.
Since 1987, Headlands Center for the Arts has provided residencies for professional artists from more than 30 countries and 20 U.S. states. We welcome artists at all levels to apply; however, artists pursuing undergraduate or graduate degrees may not apply while enrolled in degree-granting programs. Former Artists in Residence must wait five years to re-apply. Additional details and complete current information can be found by visiting our web site: www.headlands.org.
Disciplines: Theater, Visual Arts, Writing.
Support: We are happy to announce that in 2016 Ox-Bow furthered its commitment to the needs of artists by no longer charging fees for the residency program (including application, room & board, and residency fees). All accepted residents are fully funded. Artists may apply for additional stipends to help pay for the cost of travel, supplies, and time away from work.
Eligibility: Applicant must apply with project.
Program Description:Red Clay is offering weekly residencies for individuals seeking a place to work within the woods, by the sea.
The philosophy of the Honey and Salt residencies is to offer a quiet but interactive space for artists and creative workers, thinkers and planners.
Resident artists have a choice of accommodations: the white room in the main house, one of two small lofts in the Green House or "Candle", the tiny cabin in the woods built for one person.
Tiny Cabins Tiny primitive cabins in the woods a stone's throw from the house.
Facilities include; cooking, internet, solar shower & studio space.
During the season, there are a number of scheduled weekend workshops. These workshops tend to bring a group of 10-15 people to the property. Resident artists can either pay a partial fee to participate, volunteer as a support person, or work on their own.
Everyone is responsible for bringing their own food.
We often divide the preparation of meals into teams. The system is simple: if you are sharing in these meals please be sure that you are providing food, as well as, consuming it, this usually works out to cooking every other day or so. If you have severe allergies please contact redclayforest@gmail.com and let us know in advance.
If you have severe allergies please contact redclayforest@gmail.com and let us know in advance.
All dietary specification should be recorded on the kitchen chalkboard.
The Los Angeles County Arts Commission seeks an innovative artist(s) to design and create one or more compelling artwork(s) for the San Fernando Mental Health Center. Possible locations for artworks include the main entrance lobby, the children's lobby/play room, conference rooms, group room, the hallway along the interview rooms and/or the interior outdoor courtyard. Construction on this new facility will begin in early 2018. The center will deliver an array of outpatient mental health services to children and their families. Mental health programs that serve the community will also be housed at the center. These programs include the Child Navigation Team, Psychiatric Mobile Response Teams and Law Enforcement Teams. These programs are field based, responding to the mental health needs of communities within Service Area 2. The artwork should be sensitive to the programs' priorities and, in a thoughtful manner, address the needs of its clients. The artwork should be welcoming and engaging and establish a warm and comforting environment for the young clientele visiting the center. Delicate or fragile works should be designed to be out of reach of children.
Permanent artworks are expected to be low maintenance and have a lifecycle of at least 25 years.
San Fernando Mental Health serves the San Fernando community and the civic artwork will complement the center's mission of "Enriching lives through partnerships designed to strengthen the community's capacity to support recovery and resiliency." The artwork selected will have the power to augment the experience for patients, visitors and staff to the center and enhance the atmosphere and environment in an uplifting way. The work should contribute to a warm and inviting experience for clients, which is in line with the building's design goals.
All-inclusive artwork budgets will be developed during the artist selection process and will vary but will be approximately $70,000. This budget includes artist fees, liability insurance, artist travel, and all costs associated with the design, fabrication, delivery and installation of the artwork.
The commission(s) is open to professional artists residing in Southern California, defined as Ventura to San Diego Counties, who have demonstrated successful completion of a permanent large scale civic artwork. Artists who have artwork in the County's Civic Art Collection will not be eligible unless this project has a higher budget than the previously commissioned project. See "Criteria for Selection" for required qualifications.
San Fernando Mental Health provides mental health service, medication support, day treatment services and day rehabilitation, crisis intervention and crisis stabilization, targeted case management and therapeutic behavior service.
and design meetings, conservator review, structural engineering, budget tracking and timeline management.
Ability to work with a government agency, architects and engineers; Ability to effectively assess the spatial and technical conditions of an architectural space and propose an integrated, easily maintainable artwork; and Experience managing a budget of similar scale and working within time constraints. Only artists who meet these criteria should apply.
An artist will be selected through a two phased process. In the first phase, artists' responses to this RFQ will be evaluated by the Project Coordination Committee, which will shortlist up to three finalists and one alternate. Artists should NOT send art proposals in response to this RFQ.
Finalists will receive $750 for development of a conceputal design proposal and presentation to the Project Coordination Committee (PCC).The PCC reviews artist applications, conducts finalist proposal presentation/interviews, selects the artists (or artist teams) and reviews the project from design development through artwork installation. The PCC is composed of nine to eleven representatives from applicable County departments, the citizen advisory committee and arts professionals. The Civic Art project manager serves as a non-voting advisor to the PCC and facilitates the selection process.
The following application materials must be received by May 15, 2017, 5:00 p.m., Pacific Standard Time, via Dropbox link to Civic Art at Civicart@arts.lacounty.gov mailto:Civicart@arts.lacounty.gov.
1. Résumé including name, mailing address, phone number(s), email and web page (if applicable). Résumé should not exceed three (3) pages.
Why this project interests you; Interest in or experience with mental health or health facilities; Engagement practices and how does that reflect in your work; What does collaboration look like in your projects; and · If you were referred to apply for this call, please list the person who referred you.
Only letters that specifically address these points will be considered.
3. Up to ten (10) images of your relevant work.
Submit digital images in JPEG format, PC compatible, no larger than 1920 X 1920 pixel resolution. Label each image with artist's name and a number which corresponds to the annotated image list – for example 01JaneJones, 02JaneJones. Do not insert multiple photos into one image.
· Commissioning agency or client, and project manager, if applicable.
5. List of three professional references, with title, phone and email addresses.
deadline for Applications Application materials must be submitted May 15, 2017 at 5:00 p.m., Pacific Standard Time.
Complete applications shall be delivered via Dropbox link to Civic Art at Civicart@arts.lacounty.gov mailto:Civicart@arts.lacounty.gov, incomplete applications, and any applications submitted after the deadline, will be deemed ineligible and not be considered.
A presubmittal technical assistance workshop will be offered on Wednesday, April 26, 2017, 6:30 p.m. for interested applicants to learn more about the San Fernando Mental Health Center and the Los Angeles County Arts Commission Civic Art program application process. Workshop will take place at the Los Angeles County Arts Commission, 1055 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 800, Los Angeles, CA 90017. Please RSVP to civicart@arts.lacounty.gov mailto:civicart@arts.lacounty.gov with "San Fernando Mental Health TA" in the subject line by Monday, April 24, 5:00 p.m.
For questions about the San Fernando Mental Health Center RFQ, please contact Caroline Kerrigan Lerch, Civic Art Project Manager, at 213-202-5941 or clerch@arts.lacounty.gov mailto:clerch@arts.lacounty.gov. For additional information about the Civic Art Program, please visit the Civic Art Program online at www.lacountyarts.org/civicart.htm http://www.lacountyarts.org/civicart.htm.
http://www.lacountyarts.org/civicart_opportunities.htm. If artist is selected, the artist acknowledges that he/she is willing and able to enter into a contract in the form made available on the Arts Commission website. The Arts Commission reserves the right to revise or change its form agreement at any time, for any reason, and to require artists to use the revised form for contracting purposes.


Indoor training at Percy Hedley Sports Academy in Killingworth continues on Wednesday evenings (8-10pm) throughout June and July.
Training will then resume at Temple Park Leisure Centre in South Shields on Monday 5 September, and at Percy Hedley Sports Academy on Wednesday 7 September, ahead of the new season.
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text:
Q: Throwing an exception from within a signal handler We have a library that deals with many aspects of error reporting.  I have been tasked to port this library to Linux.   When running though my little test suite, one of the tests failed.   A simplified version of the test appears below.
// Compiler: 4.1.1 20070105 RedHat 4.1.1-52
// Output: Terminate called after throwing an instance of 'int' abort

#include <iostream>
#include <csignal>
using namespace std;

void catch_signal(int signalNumber)
{
    signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
    throw(signalNumber);
}

int test_signal()
{
    signal(SIGINT, catch_signal);

    try
    {
        raise(SIGINT);
    }
    catch (int &z)
    {
        cerr << "Caught exception: " << z << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    try
    {
        test_signal();
    }
    catch (int &z)
    {
        cerr << "Caught unexpected exception: " << z << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

My expectation is that the Caught exception: message will be displayed.   What actually happens is that the program terminates as no catch handler appears to be present for the thrown int.
There are a few questions on SO that seem related.
I found a number of Google pages that were related.
The 'wisdom' seems to boil down to.

*

*Ya can't throw exceptions from signal handlers, cause the signal
handler runs with its own stack, so there are no handlers defined on it.

*Ya can throw exceptions from signal handlers, just reconstruct a fake
frame on the stack, and you are good to go.

*Ya, we do it all the time. It works for me on platform X

*Ya, that used to be available with gcc, but doesn't seem to work any
more. Try the -fnon-call-exceptions option, maybe that will work

The code works as expected on our AIX/TRU64/MSVC compiler/environments. It fails in our Linux environment.

  **I am looking for suggestions to help resolve this issue so the library behavior on Linux will match my other platforms, or some sort or workaround that might achieve the same sort of functionality.

Letting the program core dump on signal, is not a viable option.**
EDIT: Possibly related - Throwing C++ exceptions from a hardware exception handler. Why does -fnon-call-exceptions not behave as expected?

A: I would mask all signals in every thread, except one which would wait signals with sigwait
().
This thread can handle signals without restriction, e.g. throw exceptions or use other communication mechanisms.

A: Throwing out of a signal handler is probably not a good idea as the stack is not necessairly set up in the same way as for function calls thus unwinding from a signal handler may not work as expected.
Important note must be taken for any register used by the C++ ABI that are saved and re-used by the signal handling mechanism.

A: google g++ option
-fnon-call-exceptions

This is essentially what you want.
I think this was developed due to pressure from apple for their OS.
I'm not certain how supported it is on LINUX.
And I'm not certain if one can catch SIGINT
-- but all CPU triggered signals (aeh exceptions) can be caught.
Coders needing this feature (and don't care about ideology) should create some pressure on the LINUX developer community so that it will be supported on LINUX as well one day -- after having been supported on Windows since nearly two decades.

A: Here's a potential solution. It's probably rather complex to implement, and certainly at least part of it needs re-implemented per CPU archicture and OS and/or C-library combination:
In the signal handler, the stack contains a saved copy of all the registers of the interrupted code. You can manipulate this to modify program state once the signal handler exits. You'd want to do something like this in the handler:
1) Move the bottom part of the stack down (current stack frame, the CPU state the kernel saved, whatever is required for the handler to return back into the kernel) in memory.
2) In the spare space in the middle of the stack, invent a new stack frame as if some "exception invocation" function had been executing when the signal was raised. This frame should be laid out exactly in the same manner as if the interrupted code had called this function in a normal way.
3) Modify the saved CPU state's PC to point at this "exception invocation" function.
4) Exit the signal handler.
The signal handler will return to the kernel. The kernel will return back to this new stack frame (the "exception invocation" function) instead of the original code. This "exception invocation" function should simply raise whatever exception that you want raised.
There are probably a few details here; e.g.:
1) The "exception invocation" function probably needs to save a bunch of registers onto the stack that it normally wouldn't; i.e. all the callee-saved registers that the interrupted code may have been using. You might need to write (part of?) the "exception invocation" function in assembly to assist here. Perhaps step 2 above could save the registers as part of setting up the stack frame.
2) The signal handler is messing about with the stack. This will confuse compiler-generated code a lot. You probably have to write the exception handler (or just perhaps some function it calls, which would require moving more stack frames) in assembly to make this work.
3) You might need to manually generate some C++ exception handler unwind information so that the C++ exception handling code knows how to unwind the stack out of this "exception invocation" function. If you can write the function in C++, probably not. If you can't, then almost certainly.
4) Probably all kinds of nasty details I've overlooked:-)

A: At least in Ubuntu 16.04 x86-64, throwing out of a signal handler seems to work fine. Whether this is by design (i.e. guaranteed to work, rather than working accidentally somehow), I have not researched. I compiled the program below using g++ -o sig-throw sig-throw.cpp:
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

extern "C" void handler(int sig, siginfo_t *info, void *xxx)
{
    throw "Foo";
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct sigaction sa = {0};

    sa.sa_sigaction = handler;
#if 0
    // To ensure SIGALRM doesn't remain blocked once the signal handler raises
    // an exception, either enable the following, or add enable the sigprocmask
    // logic in the exception handler below.
    sa.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER;
#endif
    sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL);

    alarm(3);

    try {
        printf("Sleeping...\n");
        sleep(10);
        printf("Awoke\n"); // syscall interrupted
    }
    catch (...) {
        printf("Exception!\n");
#if 1
        // To ensure SIGALRM doesn't remain blocked once the signal handler
        // raises an exception, either enable the following, or add enable
        // SA_NODEFER when registering the signal handler.
        sigset_t sigs_alarm;
        sigemptyset(&sigs_alarm);
        sigaddset(&sigs_alarm, SIGALRM);
        sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &sigs_alarm, NULL);
#endif
    }

    alarm(3);

    try {
        printf("Sleeping...\n");
        sleep(10);
        printf("Awoke\n"); // syscall interrupted
    }
    catch (...) {
        printf("Exception!\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

Here's it running:
[swarren@swarren-lx1 sig-throw]$ ./sig-throw
Sleeping...
Exception!

For reference:
[swarren@swarren-lx1 sig-throw]$ lsb_release -a
...
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
...

[swarren@swarren-lx1 sig-throw]$ dpkg -l libc6
...
ii  libc6:amd64  2.23-0ubuntu11  amd64  GNU C Library: Shared libraries

[swarren@swarren-lx1 sig-throw]$ g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.11) 5.4.0 20160609

A: Signals are totally different than C++ exceptions.  You can't use a C++ try/catch block to handle a signal.  Specifically, signals are a POSIX concept, not a C++ language concept.  Signals are delivered asynchronously to your application by the kernel, whereas C++ exceptions are synchronous events defined by the C++ standard.
You are quite limited in what you can do portably in a POSIX signal handler.  A common strategy is to have a global flag of type sig_atomic_t which will be set to 1 in the signal handler, and then possibly longjmp to the appropriate execution path.
See here for help writing proper signal handlers.

A: This code demonstrates a technique which moves the throwing of the exception out of the signal handler into the code.  My thanks to Charles for the idea.
#include <iostream>
#include <csignal>
#include <csetjmp>

using namespace std;

jmp_buf gBuffer;        // A buffer to hold info on where to jump to

void catch_signal(int signalNumber)
{
    //signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);          // Switch to default handling
    signal(SIGINT, catch_signal);       // Reactivate this handler.

    longjmp             // Jump back into the normal flow of the program
    (
        gBuffer,        // using this context to say where to jump to
        signalNumber    // and passing back the value of the signal.
    );
}

int test_signal()
{
    signal(SIGINT, catch_signal);

    try
    {
        int sig;
        if ((sig = setjmp(gBuffer)) == 0)
        {
            cout << "before raise\n";
            raise(SIGINT);
            cout << "after raise\n";

        }
        else
        {
            // This path implies that a signal was thrown, and
            // that the setjmp function returned the signal
            // which puts use at this point.

            // Now that we are out of the signal handler it is
            // normally safe to throw what ever sort of exception we want.
            throw(sig);
        }
    }
    catch (int &z)
    {
        cerr << "Caught exception: " << z << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    try
    {
        test_signal();
    }
    catch (int &z)
    {
        cerr << "Caught unexpected exception: " << z << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}


text:
Commons: 11 December 2006
Written Answers toQuestions
Volume 454: debated on Monday 11 December 2006
Tim Loughton
18. To ask the Secretary of State for Defence what recent reports he has received from the Chiefs of Staff on the security situation in Iraq. (105390)
Mr. Evennett
I refer the hon. Members to the answer I gave earlier today to the hon. Members for Billericay (Mr. Baron) and Gainsborough (Mr. Leigh).
Mr. Leigh
To ask the Secretary of State for Defence if he will make a statement on the security situation in Iraq. (105385)
I refer the hon. Member to the answer I gave earlier today to the hon. Member for Billericay (Mr. Baron).
Harry Cohen
To ask the Secretary of State for Defence what estimate he has made of the cost of the (a) security and (b) non-security element of the Basra equivalent of the Baghdad Security Plan; whether security personnel will carry out the non-security element of the plan; how many Iraqi civilian jobs will be created as a result of the plan; and if he will make a statement. (106655)
No estimate has been made of the security costs of Op. Sinbad as this role is conducted by deployed military resources with no additional cost incurred.
The UK has allocated some £2 million for quick impact projects and some $60 million of US administered Commanders Emergency Response Programme funds has been allocated for the non-security element of Op. Sinbad and further development activities in Basra. To date, some 7,080 locally employed civilians have been employed in support of the non security element of Op. Sinbad. We are not able to estimate how many Iraqi civilian jobs will be created as a result of Op. Sinbad but we would expect our efforts to stimulate the local economy thereby creating significant opportunities for local Baswaris, particularly over the medium to long-term.
To ask the Secretary of State for Defence what role UK forces were asked to undertake as a contribution to the Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration process in tackling armed militia groups in Iraq; what tasks UK armed forces have undertaken to this end; and if he will make a statement. (106656)
UK forces have not been asked specifically to undertake any role as a contribution to Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration. Nevertheless UK forces are working, in concert with Iraqi Security Forces, to generate a security situation in which Prime Minister Maliki's Reconciliation initiative can progress and develop.


Unique fluttery design with diagonal pintucks and appliquéd coins of fabric. After washing the coins "fluff" up to create a soft, textured look. You really have to see this one! Cascade is a 50/50 poly/nylon blend.


text:
Region should be extending Afghanistan support, says top UN envoy
Previous Article 30 Militants Killed During Counter-Terrorism Operations
Next Article Ministry set to launch anti-drug drive in 12 provinces
Identifying Afghanistan's security challenges as a "regional phenomenon," the top UN envoy in the country called for the region to extend to Afghans the support they need to confront what he called "significant challenges."
Nicholas Haysom, the UN Secretary-General's Special Representative for Afghanistan, credited the Afghan National Security Forces for standing their ground, particularly in light of an increase in the intensity of the conflict, and called for additional regional support.
"The countries of the region from which many of these fighters come, and the countries of the region to which many of them are going, are now fighting their fight in Afghanistan," said the UN envoy, addressing members of the media in the northern province of Faryab during a visit there to assess the security situation.
"It seems to me proper that the region should be extending to Afghanistan all the support that it can in encountering what is not an Afghanistan problem, but a regional phenomenon," said Mr. Haysom, who heads the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA).
The top UN envoy went on to say that the world body will continue to support the Afghan Government and the people of Afghanistan, as it has done for 50 years.
"I think all over Afghanistan, people are really confronting quite significant challenges," he said. "We intend to be with the Afghan people as they take on the longer-term challenges of development and building the institutions in the country."


text:
@class YSMNewsDataModel;
@interface YSMRequestCustomDataModel : YSMMappingBaseDataModel

YSMProperty_Array(YSMNewsDataModel, T1348648517839);//!<news list

@end

@interface YSMNewsDataModel : YSMMappingBaseDataModel

YSMProperty_String(title);  //!<news title
YSMProperty_String(digest); //!<news description

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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