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Political Relations Between Pakistan And Afghanistan
Investment in health is not only a desirable, but also an essential priority for most societies. In addition, Russia's friendly ties with Pakistan's rival, India - a strong relationship that dates back to Soviet times- have fanned political tensions between. Composite Dialogue. been proven to be model of friendship between two neighboring states. The Australian Government has strong engagement with Pakistan in the areas of security cooperation (including defence and law enforcement training), economic reform, development and democratic governance. The Pathans (as they used to call them in English), or Pashtuns (as is preferred currently), the largest ethnic group (c. social, political and economic. Photo: muhammad mostafigur rahman Shakib Al Hasan is mobbed by his teammates after his direct throw sends Afghanistan captain. In July of 2014, Zawahiri renewed his pledge of allegiance to Mullah Omar and confirmed that al-Qaeda and its various branches are "soldiers among his soldiers. Iranian objectives in Afghanistan align with most U. The source, who has worked on covert US military programs for years, including in Afghanistan and Pakistan, has direct knowledge of Blackwater's involvement. Earlier this year, India and Pakistan's bilateral relations looked set for a takeoff on the back of three key events. In Southeast Asia and the Middle East-North Africa region, too, Muslims who believe their country's laws depart from sharia tend to say this is a bad thing. The situation changed significantly, however, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, when there was a natural convergence between Tajikistan and Afghanistan in all areas. It provides meaningful and objective insights into governance, state legitimacy, social and economic development, and foreign interventions, and. The Head of State has more ceremonial duties, while the Head of Government is responsible for running the government of a country with the approval of his or. A peaceful Afghanistan would refocus Pakistan's limited resources towards its own economic development. were to go back and sign the nearly imminent deal with the Taliban, there would be a cease-fire first with U. It is most tragic that India and Pakistan. [67] So if the mission in Afghanistan is to disrupt, dismantle, and defeat Al-Qaeda, as President Obama has stated, then a strategy focusing on this threat seems to be more feasible and have a higher likelihood of success. • Investment in Pakistan's energy sectors, amidst a surge of Chinese investment designed to strengthen ties. And that's against the background of the cooperation of various religions in one country. Peter Dale Scott's American War Machine: Deep Politics, the CIA Global Drug Connection, and the Road to Afghanistan documents the connection between the CFR, the CIA, the national security state, and Wall Street banksters. As the West withdraws from Afghanistan and US influence in the region declines, this triangular strategic relationship will become more complicated unless China and India - the two major powers - can define the parameters of a new regional order. They will enjoy the same rights and privileges as any other citizens and will play their rightful part in the affairs of Pakistan. Frequent high-level visits are a clear indicator of the close political relations between Turkey and Pakistan. In 1978, the Karakoram Highway was officially opened to trade between both countries. India has grave concerns of the spillover of radical extremists from this region crossing into Kashmir region. India-Afghanistan Relations Political and Cultural Relationship: India and Afghanistan have a strong relationship based on historical and cultural links. Archaeological excavations have uncovered a vast 5,000-year-old city, one of the first and. But in the absence of dramatically improved relations with India, Pakistan is likely to prefer an unstable Afghanistan to a strong Afghanistan closely aligned with India. By Ahmad Bilal Khalil for The. So it could provide little material support for the Mujahedeen in Afghanistan. Many accounts of the Afghan conflict misapprehend the nature of the relationship between Pakistan's security services and the insurgency. Afghanistan has entered a pivotal but highly uncertain time. The South Asia Center serves as the Atlantic Council's focal point for work on the region as well as relations between these countries, neighboring regions, Europe, and the United States. Elements within the Pakistani security establishment continue to view the Haqqani network as a useful ally and proxy force to represent their interests in Afghanistan. The Partition of India and the Independence: In northern India the Muslims were concentrated in two major areas situated on the opposite sides of the country with a Hindu majority in between. The present relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan are merely the latest chapter in a complex tome that extends well into Pakistan's predecessor state in the modern state system, that of British India. Pakistan's foreign minister said Thursday that relations between Islamabad and Washington were improving and he was hopeful progress could be made on critical regional issues. Given the power differential between Kabul and Islamabad, this means that India wants to ensure that Pakistan does not manipulate the terms of peace talks and undermine Indian interests in Afghanistan. The CPEC is the largest project not only in the relationship between the two states, but also in Pakistan's history. It builds on five years of AREU research (2012 to 2017) on the question of linkages between delivering services and state-building in the case of Afghanistan. Turkey and Pakistan are supporting each other in all international platforms. -Iraq bilateral relationship. But at its heart is an American strategy that not only runs counter to Pakistan's interests. In April 2010, during the meeting between Prime Minister and then Pak PM Gilani on the margins of the SAARC Summit (Thimpu) PM spoke about India's willingness to. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Archaeological excavations have uncovered a vast 5,000-year-old city, one of the first and. >:( PLEASE LIKE OUR PAGES >:( Exposing islam / Shocking islam 2 Stop the izlamisation of our nation On Jan. This revived the close relationship between Pakistan and the US. Aparna wrote her PhD dissertation on Pakistan's foreign policy. He writes about South Asian political and security issues. Kashmir Today According to a Congressional Research Service report, "Relations between Pakistan and India remain deadlocked on the issue of Kashmiri sovereignty, and a. The best code suits it is: "Pak-China friendship is higher then the higher mountains of Himalayas and deeper then the deepest oceans. The Effects of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on India-Pakistan Relations. In the 1990s, India and Iran supported the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan against the Taliban regime. 7 Officials estimate that three quarters of all goods smuggled. It was only the pressure of growing Soviet influence in Afghanistan in the. The following is the address of our secure site where you can anonymously upload your documents to WikiLeaks editors. The South Asia Center serves as the Atlantic Council's focal point for work on the region as well as relations between these countries, neighboring regions, Europe, and the United States. If any lessons are to be drawn from the over 30 years of war in Afghanistan and Pakistan's approach to the Taliban, it is that militias cannot be allowed to fill the political space created by. America's perceived support of Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 did nothing to assuage Indian feelings either and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 had a monumental impact on the relations between these two countries. The Tangled History of the Afghanistan-India-Pakistan Triangle Kabul's foreign policy approach has shifted between favoring India and Pakistan since the partition. The empirical study found that the data were stationary and co integrated and showed that there is a significant relationship between capital formation and economic growth in Nigeria. 1979 (December): The Soviets invaded Afghanistan. In October 2016, the donors at the Brussels conference pledged an additional $3. The biggest is demarcation of borders. Khan met with President Donald Trump on Monday in a push to mend ties between Islamabad and Washington over the protracted. The Minister of International Relations and Cooperation, Dr Naledi Pandor will speak at the Gala Dinner event organised to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of Diplomatic Relations between the United Arab Emirates and the Republic of South Africa, this evening, 01 October 2019 at The Sheraton Hotel in Pretoria. Relations between India and Pakistan further worsened because of Pakistan's involvement in terrorist activities in various parts of India, especially in the Punjab and Kashmir. 6bn gas pipeline project. Cultural and religious basis for the Taliban. 8 million into Iran. -China relations? What is the appropriate balance of U. Iran was the first to extend recognition to the new State. Most of the Pashtuns are Sunni Muslims. This was a significant State Visit, as President International Relations Lourenço chose to visit South Africa for his first international trip as Head of State, thus underpinning the fraternal relations between the two countries. India-Pakistan Relations: A 50-Year History By Donald Johnson Shortly after 3:45 PM on May 11, 1998 at Pokhran, a desert site in the Indian state of Rajisthan, groups of local Bishnoi herders—whose customs forbid killing animals or cutting trees—heard a huge explosion, and watched in amazement as an enormous dust cloud floated in the sky. The situation in Afghanistan and its implications for international peace and security - Report of the Secretary-General (A/72/768–S/2018/165). This layering of different cultures. Pakistan and the United States have competing visions for what role the Afghan Taliban should play in the future of Afghanistan. Afghanistan's latest appointment problem has been lingering for almost two weeks. Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan in a meeting with Cameron Munter, former US Ambassador to Islamabad, said his country fully supports a political settlement in Afghanistan and that it is "the only viable option to end this conflict", Pakistani media reports say. Imran Khan's trip to Washington showed that Donald Trump is willing to say or do anything to end the war in Afghanistan, analysts told RT, describing the reset in US-Pakistan relations as transitory and transactional in nature. POLITICS Muslim League Islami Jamhoori Ittehad Jamaat-i-Islami Pakistan People's Party Muhajir Qaumi Mahaz Awami National Party Jamiat-ul-Ulama-i-Islam Tehrik-i-Istiqlal The First Government of Benazir Bhutto Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi Nawaz Sharif President Ghulam Ishaq Khan Struggle Between Nawaz Sharif and Ishaq Khan Moeen Qureshi Benazir Bhutto. Relationship between Pakistan and China is strong,rigid and firm. Jihad against America Relations Remain Icy Between Pakistan and the US. The Composite Dialogue between India and Pakistan from 2004 to 2008 addressed all outstanding issues. FOREIGN POLICY OF PAKISTAN. President Barack Obama in 2009, but the questions that U. The Pakistani government was asked to issue passage permits to India for a few hundred Jews who wanted to leave Afghanistan and wished to emigrate to Israel. Relations between the Chinese Communist Party and the Communist Party of the Soviet Union broke off, as did relations with the Communist parties of the Warsaw Pact countries. Pakistan and India: current issues and future directions Though they are not in a state of war, a virtual warlike situation exists on the Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir By Dr Hasan. There are important economic, social and political problem behind these events. 3 per cent of all national parliamentarians were women as of February 2019, a slow increase from 11. In the 1990s, India and Iran supported the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan against the Taliban regime. The land that is now Afghanistan has a long history of domination by foreign conquerors and strife among internally warring factions. 14 Ghani invested early political capital in this process, against the odds. Afghanistan also has good relations with Russia and India. Avinash Paliwal of SOAS explains India's policies regarding Afghanistan and discusses how this might shift in the years to come. The Troubled Afghan-Pakistani Border. 8 billion in development aid annually from 2017 to 2020. The Social, Political and Economic Effects of the War on Terror: Pakistan 2009 To 2011 Mr. Pakistan is not going to be a theocratic State - to be ruled by priests with a divine mission. 2 days ago · However, Portugal does not object to the entry into force of the remaining of the Convention between the Portuguese Republic and such a State and considers that the absence of treaty relations between itself and that State with regard to all or certain norms of Part V will not in any way impair the latter to fulfil any obligation embodied in. 5 million between 1991 and 2004 2004 : pro-western opposition leader Viktor Yushchenko wins elections in Ukraine after rigged elections had initially favored pro-Russian candidate Viktor Yanukovych ("Orange Revolution"). Studies International Relations, Islamic Studies, and Political Philosophy. Writing about the contents of international relations, a few decades back, Palmer Perkins had said that the then international relations was a study of "the world community. Rather, they have been a painful. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES) Presents Joint Declaration for Afghanistan --- An equally ambitious and politically sophisticated project was recently launched by the German politi. Relationship between Pakistan and China is strong,rigid and firm. Before the birth of Pakistan - originally part of India - British envoy to India Sir Mortimer Durand in 1893 signed a treaty with Afghanistan King Amir Abdul Rahman, whereby the British seized 40,000 square miles of ancestral Pashtun territory between the Indus and the Khyber Pass. Ahead of President Obama's December review of the U. "Many soldiers came here, acting like terrorists. pdf), Text File (. peace envoy remained in Pakistan on Tuesday as part of efforts to find a negotiated end to Afghanistan's 18 -year war, even though President Donald Trump has not expressed any interest in. The Effects of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on India-Pakistan Relations. A high-level U. But especially in recent years. In countries that are critical to our national security, progress is fragile, but our continued efforts remain vital. In 1966, in the backdrop of the war between India and Pakistan, and tense relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan, Soviet premier Alexei Kosygin proposed a regional economic cooperation in the. While Pakistan's foreign policy maintains balanced relations with Saudi Arabia, the United States, and the European Union, Iran tends to warn against it, and raised concerns about Pakistan's absolute backing of the Taliban during the fourth phase of civil war in Afghanistan in the last years of the 20th century. Khan, Tank, Mansehra, Haripur and Malakand. Trade relations between the United States and Pakistan continue to grow and the U. JParuchuri, Professor of Political Science @ Tennessee State University and one of the leading authorities on. Most aid spending by governments seeking to rebuild social and political order is based on an opportunity-cost theory of distracting potential recruits. Winner of the 2018 National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction Longlisted for the 2018 National Book Award for Nonfiction From the Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Ghost Wars. Both have rich history. He said that Pakistan considers Iran as an important country as both share more than 900 km border, adding, a strong people. political and economic setting. In the latest LISD White Paper, "The Afghan Taliban's Relationship with Pakistan," Safi Khalilullah analyzes long-standing relationship between the Afghan Taliban and Pakistan, from the Taliban's origins as an anti-Communist uprising to its iterations under the leadership of Mullah Omar and following his death. In the past, Pakistan has been a valued partner. Onset of the Split. To learn more, visit our detailed Pakistan section. Pakistan is the 24th largest global economic country and GDP places it in 143rd position. Difference between Hazara and Pashtun. a hostile political regime. In addition, Russia's friendly ties with Pakistan's rival, India - a strong relationship that dates back to Soviet times- have fanned political tensions between. This publication examines the main cooperation fields between China and the US in Afghanistan and Pakistan in the post-NATO period. At several places in the book, Gen Mattis highlighted old ties between the US and Pakistani militaries, but expressed very low opinion about the country's political leadership. They generally reside in Southeastern Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. WikiLeaks publishes documents of political or historical importance that are censored or otherwise suppressed. The BSA entered into force on January 1, 2015. Times of Islamabad (Pvt) Limited is an online English News Agency of Pakistan and a source of authentic national, regional and international news. India provides humanitarian assistance to Afghanistan and also helps in establishing education centers, hospitals and other amenities. India-Pakistan Nuclear War Could Destroy the Ozone Layer and Kill Millions. 3 billion Muslims—on the political map. This is not acceptable. In the rapidly changing global security environment, these aspects demands a deeper cooperation not only between China and Afghanistan but also for the regional integration of all those countries eager. What is the economic relationship between the two neighbors? The trade relationship is largely one-way. Explain its. Indo-Pak relations are an elaborate chapter and therefore should be seen in the light of their long historic background. Differences between the Hindus and the Muslims created religious conflict. THE CAUSES OF MILITARY INTERVENTIONS IN POLITICS: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN AND BANGLADESH Muhammad Dawood MS Scholar, Politics & International Relations Abstract Military in Pakistan and Bangladesh has been deeply involved in politics all over the history. First is its size. Grassroots peace movements and a. and Coalition forces in Afghanistan. Afghanistan, Al Qaeda, Ethnography, History, North-West Frontier, Pathans, Taliban. MILITARY-STRATEGIC RELATIONSHIP Pakistan's " all weather relationship" with China has endured a number of hiccups in the last six decades inspite of thecompletely different type of changes in their political system. Pakistani military president, General Zia in 1988 said that Pakistan being a frontline state have earned the right to have a friendly power in Kabul. war effort in Afghanistan, a new Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)-sponsored Independent Task Force report on U. Afghanistan and Pakistan's Looming Water Conflict By Waleed Majidyar For Afghanistan, the Kabul River is far more than a tool of coercive diplomacy against Pakistan. But with. The relationship between the U. IntroductionTen years ago, the borderlands between Pakistan and Afghanistan were the command post for leaders of Al-Qaeda (AQ). and Pakistan could worsen in the short term if the Trump administration follows the decision to cut off aid with further actions, such as rescinding Pakistan's. Similarly, Moscow's relationship with India, its largest arms customer, will constrain the budding defense alliance between Russia and Pakistan. 2 percent of the world's total terrorist attacks and more than half of the. Globally, the sprouting trend of populist politics is increasingly affecting international relations. The Social, Political and Economic Effects of the War on Terror: Pakistan 2009 To 2011 Mr. Furthermore, although Cold War politics have ceased to be a factor in South Asia, the most intractable problems in India's relations with Pakistan--conflict over Kashmir, support for separatists, and nuclear and ballistic missile programs--still face the two countries. But at its heart is an American strategy that not only runs counter to Pakistan's interests. Afghanistan-Pakistan relations involve bilateral relations between Afghanistan and Pakistan. Central Asia has lost its former importance to Russia as a military buffer zone—first between the Russian and British Empires, and then between the USSR and U. American Recovery & Reinvestment Act of 2009 and the implications that it would have for education finance. Differences between the Hindus and the Muslims created religious conflict. Many accounts of the Afghan conflict misapprehend the nature of the relationship between Pakistan's security services and the insurgency. They not only share the same frontier but they have inherited common historical culture and religion traditions Both are neighboring countries. This relative degree of common purpose among the great powers vis-à-vis Islamic radicalism did not, of course, last long. India-Pakistan Relations. The joint media release read: "Supporting One Country Two Systems, Pakistan reiterated that affairs of Hong Kong were China's internal matter and all countries should uphold international law and basic norms of non-interference in internal affairs of other countries. Iran and Afghanistan. A pattern of political violence, repression, and assassinations. One, New Delhi has lost influence in Afghanistan, where President Ashraf Ghani has tilted his government toward Pakistan and China, as part of a bid to secure peace in his country. The relationship didn't improve when Trump took office. The end of the US occupation of Afghanistan however, will mark a new era in bilateral relations. Relationship between Pakistan and China is strong,rigid and firm. India has always strived to maintain its interests in Afghanistan, especially in the present. More than eighteen years after U. Political contacts between India and Afghanistan have increased in 2011, especially after the death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan. He said he would like to visit Pakistan and predicted growth in trade between the two countries. "extricate" itself from Afghanistan, while Trump offered to mediate in the long-standing dispute between Pakistan and. Thus, the political and militant ramifications of recent Kashmiri history are intimately connected with the rise of Islamism in northern and western Pakistan, and in Afghanistan. The Soviet Union was more than happy to provide an outlet, though, for Afghanistan's agricultural exports, which the Soviets airlifted out from the Kabul airport. When considering the relationship between population and war, both variables must be analysed in component parts due to their complexity. political affiliation and views, literacy and history. Afghanistan, the CIA, bin Laden, and the Taliban by Phil Gasper International Socialist Review, November-December 2001 The U. India including the core dispute of Kashmir. The Durand Line is the disputed border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pakistan is not going to be a theocratic State - to be ruled by priests with a divine mission. Current Issues in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict Death of Yasser Arafat - Following the death of Yasser Arafat a new era began in Palestinian history and in Israeli-Palestinian relations. Our breaking political news keeps you covered on the latest in US politics, including Congress, state governors, and the White House. Until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Central Asian countries were usually studied as part of the Soviet bloc and Pakistan and Afghanistan as part of political and cultural region of South Asia, rather than as part of the Middle East. China-Pakistan relationship, both in the historical and the present context. Pakistan considers Afghanistan its immediate neighbour which gives it a natural right to have more say in its politics and considers India its arch rival in Afghanistan. The kingdom has begun to respond to this. and Pakistan have gone up and down. Both countries are Islamic. However, Iran's continued support for Pakistan and India's close relations with Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War impeded further development of Indo–Iranian ties. Noting that Pakistan's ultimate goal is that Afghanistan provides it strategic depth against India, the report, however, said that leaders in Pakistan appear to increasingly believe that instability in Afghanistan will be detrimental for their country and are actively promoting a political settlement within the war-torn country. Due to its geographical position, Pakistan can either facilitate or block the trade between India and Afghanistan passing through its territory, but that will be entirely dependent on the state of India-Pakistan relations. It is home to the world's second highest mountain. A group called the Taliban had controlled most of the country since 1996 but they were overthrown in November 2001 by British and American armed forces. This has been reflected in the Strategic Partnership Agreement , signed between Afghanistan and India during Afghan President Hamid Karzai's visit to India in October 2011, which reinforced the strong, vibrant and multi-faceted relations between the two countries and at the same. Calling Baghdadi one of the most dangerous terrorist leader, Afghanistan presidency in a statement said that his death was the biggest blow the militant group. Political Relations Following the controversial 2014 presidential election in Afghanistan, the United States called for and financially supported the United Nations audit of the vote, and helped mediate a political agreement that resulted in the creation of the National Unity Government. war effort in Afghanistan, a new Council on Foreign Relations (CFR)-sponsored Independent Task Force report on U. Apr 12, 2011 · Drone attacks, CIA activities and lack of progress in Afghanistan are fuelling a rift between the US and Pakistan Simon Tisdall in Islamabad Tue 12 Apr 2011 15. The Great Depression aggravated the tense situation between Muslims and Hindus in India in part because Ban Gangadhar Tilak an Indian nationalist that garnered great support for the Indian independence movement. Pakistan's Relations with Neighboring Countries. Relations between US President Barack Obama and Karzai were not so great in the beginning but by 2012 they slightly improved, especially after the death of Osama bin Laden and the assassination of Karzai's brother, Ahmed Wali Karzai. Within this power vacuum, people fall victim to competing factions and crime, and sometimes the United Nations or neighboring states intervene to prevent a humanitarian disaster. The Tangled History of the Afghanistan-India-Pakistan Triangle Kabul's foreign policy approach has shifted between favoring India and Pakistan since the partition. In the Western political systems a frontier has been drawn between man's inner life and his public actions, between religion and politics. Foreign relations of Pakistan Pakistan is the second largest Muslim country in terms of population (behind Indonesia), and its status as a declared nuclear power, being the only Islamic nation to have that status, plays a part in its international role. Pakistan - Pakistan - Government and society: In 1947 the newly independent Pakistan consisted of two distinct parts: the smaller but more densely populated East Pakistan, centred on the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta region, and the much larger West Pakistan, occupying the northwestern portion of the Indian subcontinent. Our history, methodology and what make us who we are, here at Stratfor. We have many non-Muslims - Hindus, Christians, and Parsis - but they are all Pakistanis. View: India's Afghanistan policy should rapidly adapt to the evolving realities Instead, on Sunday, US special envoy to Afghanistan Zalmay Khalilzad left Qatar, where the US-Taliban talks were being held, the September 1 deadline having been crossed without any final agreement. Afghanistan Before and After 9/11 from the Perspective of an Afghan Muslim studying near Ground Zero. The relationship between the U. Pakistani military president, General Zia in 1988 said that Pakistan being a frontline state have earned the right to have a friendly power in Kabul. The relationship is not limited to the governments in New Delhi and Kabul, and has its foundations in the historical contacts and exchanges between the people. pdf), Text File (. Convenor: Professor Kate Sullivan de Estrada No other region is as dominated by a single country as South Asia is by India: India has three times the population of all of the other South Asian countries combined; it is more powerful militarily, politically, economically, and some would say culturally. Iran and Pakistan opposed the Soviet move and, throughout the war, aided the anti-Soviet Mujahedeen to varying degrees. Pakistan thus retains an interest in not liquidating its long-term relationship with the Afghan Taliban and the Haqqani network, a policy that exacerbates Afghan instability. Amanullah introduced his country's first constitution in 1923. Intended for a general audience, books in the series present a description and analysis of the historical setting and the social, economic, political. The Effects of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor on India-Pakistan Relations. More than eighteen years after U. [edit] Criticism SAARC's inability to play a crucial role in integrating South Asia is often credited to the political and military rivalry between India and Pakistan. The subject of foreign assistance is one that will remain at the fore in international relations and foreign policy long into the future. At the gateway between Asia and Europe, this land was. Secondly, the main of causes and effects of corruption will be discussed, and the relationship between corruption and economic and political developments. Similarly, Moscow's relationship with India, its largest arms customer, will constrain the budding defense alliance between Russia and Pakistan. Political Relations Following the controversial 2014 presidential election in Afghanistan, the United States called for and financially supported the United Nations audit of the vote, and helped mediate a political agreement that resulted in the creation of the National Unity Government. Amid sharply deteriorating relations between Washington and Islamabad, a high-level US delegation that included the commander of US forces in Afghanistan visited Pakistan late last week for talks. Our Methodology. IntroductionTen years ago, the borderlands between Pakistan and Afghanistan were the command post for leaders of Al-Qaeda (AQ). and Pakistan. Composite Dialogue. The relationship is not limited to the governments in New Delhi and Kabul, and has its foundations in the historical contacts and exchanges between the people. who have created trouble for the government in its relations. Imran Khan, at a meeting at the Center for Foreign Relations in New York, admitted that the Pakistan army and ISI trained the Al Qaeda and other terrorist groups to fight in Afghanistan. The relations between Pakistan and China were restricted to trade relations till 1964, however, it was in 1965, for the first time, that Pakistan started receiving Chinese aid[40]. US Central Command (USCENTCOM) located at MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa, Florida, is the unified command responsible for US security interests in 27 nations that stretch from the Horn of Africa. What is significant is that, in the 2006 war, Israel wasn't stopped by Lebanon's regular armed forces, which have seriously limited capabilities (also because of links between certain high-ranking Lebanese politicians and external forces), but by Hezbollah – a political party in Lebanon and a military organisation. By resetting relations with Pakistan, the United States can potentially reduce Pakistan's reliance on an emerging Sino-Russian security-economic partnership. Pakistan thus retains an interest in not liquidating its long-term relationship with the Afghan Taliban and the Haqqani network, a policy that exacerbates Afghan instability. National Identity. The dialing code for the country is 92 and the top level internet domain for Pakistani sites is. -Taliban Talks and the Implications for Pakistan In light of the relationship between the Afghan and Pakistani Taliban, key questions have been raised as to how violence in Pakistan will evolve if the Afghan Taliban successfully engage in peace talks with the United States. International and Domestic Terrorism Organizations and their supporters engage in a myriad of crimes to fund and facilitate terrorist activities. Furthermore, although Cold War politics have ceased to be a factor in South Asia, the most intractable problems in India's relations with Pakistan--conflict over Kashmir, support for separatists, and nuclear and ballistic missile programs--still face the two countries. Pakistan is the 24th largest global economic country and GDP places it in 143rd position. The spreading Islamist extremist militancy and terrorism in Pakistan and West Asia — while the world's third largest Muslim community in India remained immune to this virus — presented a. The Pakistani government was asked to issue passage permits to India for a few hundred Jews who wanted to leave Afghanistan and wished to emigrate to Israel. India and Pakistan - Nuclear States in Conflict When the British withdrew from the Indian subcontinent after the second world war, it was divided, primarily on religious grounds, into the two states of India and Pakistan. Afghan politics are fast-paced and slow at the same time; often more smoke than fire, but unpredictable enough to keep everyone on their toes and to keep the political class engaged in endless cycles of meetings. The relationship is not limited to the governments in New Delhi and Kabul, and has its foundations in the historical contacts and exchanges between the people. India and Afghanistan have a strong relationship based on historical and cultural links. The second inspiration was Benazir Bhutto, the former Pakistani prime minister slain in a Taliban attack in 2007. The prickly relationship between Pakistan and Afghanistan dominated the talks, with all three countries agreeing that a peaceful end to the war would have economic and trade benefits for the. A peaceful Afghanistan would refocus Pakistan's limited resources towards its own economic development. Islamabad advocates for a political settlement that extends political legitimacy to the group, while Washington fights the Taliban on the battlefield. A look at the. For empirical analysis data is divided into two sub-periods i. Oct 10, 2006 10:06 AM EDT After World War II, as both the United States and the Soviet Union competed for global power, Afghanistan increasingly. 31 July 2007 to contribute to the restoration of security conditions which will allow safe humanitarian assistance throughout Darfur, to contribute to the protection of civilian populations under imminent threat of physical attack, to monitor, observe compliance with, and verify the implementation of various ceasefire agreements. It is most tragic that India and Pakistan. Pakistan has experienced several waves of refugees due to recurring conflict in neighboring Afghanistan, as well as repeated internal displacement caused by complex emergencies within the country. Hizbullah Khan is a journalist and political analyst.  India's relation with United States of America, Russia, China, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Nepal, Maldives and Middle East Countries. government. Mahmoud Abbas (Abu Mazen) was elected President ("Rais") of the Palestinian National Authority with a comfortable majority in free and democratic elections. The Govt: of pakistan need to make further arrangements for mutually beneficial trade relations. AND Was probably never a "real" system, as the presumption of future mutuality of goals and procedures probably never lasted only a few months after the German surrender (E) The Truman Doctrine. Hamza Shahbaz Sharif faces yet another blow as an accountability court on Wednesday extended the jud. Khan met with President Donald Trump on Monday in a push to mend ties between Islamabad and Washington over the protracted. The core driver of India's Afghanistan policy is to ensure a continuing strategic balance between Afghanistan and Pakistan. This relative degree of common purpose among the great powers vis-à-vis Islamic radicalism did not, of course, last long. The conflict between two countries was stemmed on the sectarian grounds, as Pakistan wanted a subservient Sunni-Pashtun government in Afghanistan but Iran was in favor of the Shias. It came after "the CIA made the historic mistake of encouraging Islamic groups from all over the world to come to Afghanistan," he said. had to secure Pakistan's support before invading neighboring Afghanistan to fight the Taliban, which intelligence said was an Al Qaeda supporter. Relations: Iran and Pakistan by Yasmeen Aftab Ali , (Last Updated June 20, 2016) Iran was the first country to recognize Pakistan as a sovereign state with the Shah of Iran being the first Head of. It was the Pakistani army, in particular the ISI, that picked the political winners and losers in the jihad, and who favored radical Islamist factions because it suited the Pakistan's army goal. Photographs of the first lady and her sister, Lee Radziwill, are among the items up for sale next week at an auction at Christie's. And that's against the background of the cooperation of various religions in one country. The purpose of the Resources section of the CSS website is outreach - i. which the Pakistani government was consulted on this issue is not clear, but the key concern in both Washington and Islamabad appears to have been that any new strategy in Afghanistan does nothing to further destabilize Pakistan. "11 That single issue was Pashtunistan. Foreign assistance has a long history as a tool for building positive relationships with other nations, for propping up allies who are threatened by a powerful enemy, or simply providing humanitarian assistance out of a sense of obligation. Marxism, elite theory and pluralism have developed through a dialogue with liberalism, so this article therefore begins with a brief overview of the libera. International Relations degree in Pakistan is an academic discipline in which you study Political Science and Global Affairs in order to become Analyst, Anchor Person, Civil Servant or a Politician etc. The administration invited Khan to Washington in large part to recognize and reward Pakistan for its help with the Afghan reconciliation process over the past year, bringing U. 2 percent of the world's total terrorist attacks and more than half of the. The Govt: of pakistan need to make further arrangements for mutually beneficial trade relations. Obviously, many varying degrees of religious authority could be supposed between these two extremes. After coming into office last fall, Ghani's first foreign visits were to Saudi Arabia, China, and Pakistan. It provides meaningful and objective insights into governance, state legitimacy, social and economic development, and foreign interventions, and. A look at the. Agriculture, Food, and Poverty in Afghanistan. Pakistan - Afghan Relations: Historic Mirror Mohib Ullah Durani Ashraf Khan Abstract Pakistan and Afghanistan are immediate neighbors having 2240 km common border formally known as Durand Line. However, recent skirmishes on the LoC have cast a shadow on a pick-up in trade. Random acts of violence have occurred in Pakistan for many years between Shiite and Sunni Muslims. The Durand Line is the disputed border between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Section VI: Trade. With his second novel, Khaled Hosseini proves beyond a shadow of doubt that The Kite Runner was no flash in the Afghan pan. The dominant religion in both countries is Shia Islam. political and economic setting. Therefore, Iranian influ-ence in Afghanistan following the drawdown of international forces need not necessarily be a cause of concern for the United States. Foreign assistance has a long history as a tool for building positive relationships with other nations, for propping up allies who are threatened by a powerful enemy, or simply providing humanitarian assistance out of a sense of obligation. Delegations from Afghanistan, Pakistan, United States and China at a meeting in Kabul, Afghanistan, February 23, 2016. On Afghan situation. Speaking at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, Khan said he would urge Trump to resume talks with the Taliban to pave the way for a cease-fire and the withdrawal of American troops from. [edit] Criticism SAARC's inability to play a crucial role in integrating South Asia is often credited to the political and military rivalry between India and Pakistan. The civilian government — against the will of military establishment — has always wished to improve its relations with India. An opportunity to keep the Afghanistan-Pakistan rivalry dignified On the field, though, just like between India and Pakistan, things don't get ugly; or no uglier than in, say, India-Australia. and Pakistan that you have at. 1979 (December): The Soviets invaded Afghanistan. In 1961 Pakistan and Afghanistan went so far as to close their borders and break off diplomatic relations with each other. Also get. In recent past, Indo-Afghan relations. Crucially, in either scenario, the Soviets would face a hostile power encircling their southern border, thus posing a major threat to their security. This link should not be underestimated. Afghanistan's relationship with Pakistan has been marred by border disputes, proxy wars, and political disagreements ever since the country's creation in 1947. India and Pakistan - Nuclear States in Conflict When the British withdrew from the Indian subcontinent after the second world war, it was divided, primarily on religious grounds, into the two states of India and Pakistan. Relations with Afghanistan, after displaying some initial signs of stabilizing, returned to hostility and mistrust. The Taliban will be in mainstream Afghan politics, gaining key positions in government and voices against India will rise from the same parliament whose building India gifted to Afghans as a sign of friendship. The end of the US occupation of Afghanistan however, will mark a new era in bilateral relations. Plan for Taliban Meeting Latest Bold Trump Gamble to Unravel Trump said he axed the Camp David meetings and called off negotiations because of a recent Taliban bombing near the U. " Pakistan's Taliban made a clarion choice to remain allied with Mullah Omar and, by extension, al-Qaeda. Pakistan is nevertheless one of Afghanistan's biggest trading partners,. The following is the address of our secure site where you can anonymously upload your documents to WikiLeaks editors. Discuss the "Moral Dimensions of Pakistan's Nuclear Programme". City level champions from Swat, Buner, Kohat, Hangu, Karak, Upper and Lower Dir, Nowshera and Charssadda have been decided in addition to Lakki Marwat, D. But especially in recent years. America's perceived support of Pakistan during the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971 did nothing to assuage Indian feelings either and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 had a monumental impact on the relations between these two countries. It provides meaningful and objective insights into governance, state legitimacy, social and economic development, and foreign interventions, and. Pakistan extends Afghan refugees' stay for only 60 days. Iran-Pakistan Relations 533 Afghanistan was bound to increase. There are no agreements between Pakistan and Afghanistan governing the rights to the water of the Kabul River, a tributary of the Indus, a resource that flows between the two countries.


'Give me a magic wand and I will……..
Give me a magic wand & I will go for a world tour like a bird fly high in the sky as I like the way brids used to fly since my childhood. I too wanna have wings.
It is my dream to fly in the sky like a bird having colourful wings to visit the children across the world so that I get to know various problems faces by the children while taking their education. As a child by god grace I did not face any problems while conduction my education but as soon as I grown up could able to understand various problems like poverty which is a major problem then distant school for remote village children, blindness, physical disability etc.
I am infinitely happy N grateful to vivo which made my Valentine of 2017 most memorable by giving precious gift to me Vivo 5plus Perfect Selfie Android smart phone with mind blowing features like moonlight selfie, Bokeh etc. O~~~ my friends, which I will share with you ahead.
For me it is OMG, as Vivo select me as their winner among their Ocean full of their fans.
This is very best after iPhone 7 plus I could say right now, Vivo5 plus has looks like iPhone 7 plus though it is little bit slow than it. This phone has 5.5 inch Full HD screen. If you observe the position of the logo which is at the back side . light weight device along with gold body make this phone more stunning. I can say this is the magician of selfie world where everyone wanna looks best.
My heart is filled with Tonns of joy as I am experiencing the best qualities of phone so come on guys lets check out here those who are lovers of Selfies.
Jabong one of the leading site which sells good branded apparel, footwear, accessories. Day by day it is capturing the mind of visitor those who visit its site www.jabong.com/ because of its nice qualities like free returns, cod, good service etc. Jabong is established in 2011 but since last few years it has been gain its name in one of favourite site of common man. They deserve their tag line Be real, Be True, Be you. There has been wide collection of trendy stylish dresses, footwear and accessories. It reads the fashion winds of young generations's choice.
It is really nice book with captivating frontispiece while reading learn to cook I personally get familiar with new terms like a diagonal slice, Juliennes pieces etc.
One of the most speciality of this book is that Nitaji made different nice section instead of directly jumping on the recipe so that novice cook may get familiar with not only recipes but also kitchen Utensils. Description along with photo of utensil makes it clear the ideas of the cooking.
This book also will solve your queries as it has FAQs (Frequently asked Questions sections). This may again help to cooking with fun & with less efforts making it best. There also guidance of presenting & garnishing food which is the important step before eating. Now a days way of presentation of food also makes us to taste the food which we generally don't like to eat.


Hill Hippie's recovering from an illness and the madman discusses bleeping the "C" word! Human-Sheep Hybrids! Beard Guy's Death! madman raves about black women! Weird People (Other Than Us)! The Difference Between Baklava and Balaclava! Growing Cotton On The Moon! Getting Shot By Your Dog! Build The Wall! Serial Killer's Playlist! River of Chocolate! Reading 50,000 Birthday Cards!


The strength is also confirmed by the major sectors such as Tech $XLK, Financials $XLF and Biotech $XBI as well as sub-sectors like $HACK or individual stocks like $TWLO, $TEAM or $NOW.
But I also think we must be prepared for some back and filling or shakeouts in the coming weeks. $SPX is up 16% from the bottom formed on 26th of Dec, which was 26 trading sessions ago. If it goes to 2,800 that'd be almost 20% in say less than 2 months?
If you think moves like that are sustainable without at least a lengthy consolidation over time or some kind of a shakeout, then I'd say you're crazy. On the other hand, however, if my thesis is correct so that the Doom and Gloomers are not right, I'll be looking for pockets of strength when we do see a consolidation or a shakeout, and I think so should you.


text:
Wakeboarding - Competitive and Fun
Thu, May 31, 2012 at 12:00AM
Wakeboarding today is a fun athletic activity and highly competitive watersport whose origins go back a few decades, evolving from a combination of surfing, waterskiing and snowboarding.
Surfers, tired of paddling out and waiting for wave action, eventually attempted being towed by a rope behind a boat. Soon they learned a shorter board would maneuver better, and in 1985, San Diego surfer Tony Finn developed the Skurfer - a hybrid of a water ski and a surfboard. He used his Skurfer to perform surf-style carving moves on the boat's wake. Riders could stand anywhere on these boards since there were no straps or bindings, but soon a major development occurred with the addition of footstraps.
Herb O'Brien, a successful businessman and owner of H.O. Sports, introduced the first compression-molded wakeboard, the Hyperlite, whose neutral buoyancy allowed the rider to submerge it for easy deepwater starts. His innovation made the new watersport accessible to everyone, and sparked the explosion of wakeboarding. Meanwhile, Jimmy Redmon of Austin, Texas, had added straps to his Redline design water ski board, causing raves in the surfing community there. The footstraps allowed for big air, taking the sport to the next level.
The sport grew, and the boards continued to improve. The 1990 Hyperlites had the overall shape of a surfboard with an obvious tip and tail. In 1993, Redmon developed the 'twin-tip' design, a symmetrical shape that has become today's standard in the sport.
Redmon is responsible for developing the rules and formats that maintain the integrity of the sport and the essence of wakeboarding. In 1989 he founded the World Wakeboard Association (WWA) [http://www.thewwa.com], a non-profit organization created by wakeboarders, which sanctions and supports wakeboard events around the world.
The sport flourished professionally in 1992 when Florida's World Sports & Marketing began staging pro wakeboard events, giving boarders a chance to compete professionally, with exposure on ESPN. Wake Boarding magazine was launched the next year by World Publications, and the Pro Wakeboard Tour continues to grow each year. Professional events were recently held in Florida and Brazil, with more scheduled in the USA, France, Canada and The Netherlands, culminating in the WWA Wake Park World Championships in Abu Dhabi, UAE, in August.
The ultimate titles for any professional rider are the Pro Wakeboard Tour, the Vans Triple Crown of Wakeboarding and the Wakeboard World Cup.
Wakeboarding, like all extreme sports, is a lifestyle for many. But most of us can enjoy some level of wakeboarding, one of the largest and fastest growing watersports in the world. Last year, nearly 4 million people participated.
Monterey makes some great wakeboarding boats, with a wakeboard tower which places the "pull point" about 2 meters (7 feet) off the water's surface. The high tow point gives the rider more control and greater ease in performing maneuvers. They can also utilize a ballast system, featured as an option in our M Series boats.
A milestone for Monterey Boats was our Air Assist Chine, introduced into the sport boat hulls in 1999. This revolutionary design inserts air under the hull allowing for a faster planing time and a slower speed to stay on plane. Ideal for wakeboarding! Check out all our Monterey Sport Boats, M Series and Supersport models for wakeboarding and many other watersports fun.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Install the system default version:

```
sudo apt-get install git
```
_Or_ install the latest version:
```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install git
```

## Install Git LFS
Run the following commands:
```
curl -s https://packagecloud.io/install/repositories/github/git-lfs/script.deb.sh | sudo bash
sudo apt install git-lfs
```

## Install Required Packages
```
sudo apt-get install gcc g++ scons automake autoconf libperl4-corelibs-perl libtool xorg-dev doxygen python-dev alien swig libgtest-dev libstdc++6 libxml2-dev gettext libxinerama-dev libxft-dev libxrandr-dev libxcursor-dev libgdbm-dev libc6 libc6-dev libmng-dev zlib1g-dev libcap-dev libpng12-0 libpng12-dev freeglut3-dev flex libx11-dev bison++ bisonc++ libjpeg-dev libjpeg8-dev python2.7 python2.7-dev python2.7-psycopg2 libogdi3.2-dev libgif-dev libxerces-c-dev libgeos-dev libgeos++-dev libfreetype6 libfreetype6-dev python-imaging libproj-dev python-setuptools libgif-dev libxerces-c-dev libcap-dev libpq-dev openssl libxml2-utils libxmu-dev
```

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The Palin Predicament and Two Point Complementarianism
I plan to watch the Vice Presidential debate tonight. The nominaton of Sarah Palin as the Republican VP nominee has kicked off a lot of discussion in conservative evangelical circles over the propriety of women civil magistrates. It's an old debate (see John Knox's 1558 tract, "The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women" challenging the rule of Mary Queen of Scots and Queen Mary of England).
Moderate David Gushee of Mercer wrote an op-ed piece ("The Palin Predicament") in USA Today chiding conservative evangelicals who would not allow a woman to serve as Pastor in their local church but who are enthusiastically welcoming Palin as a VP nominee. The Council for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood (CBMW) responded by arguing that there is no contradiction in holding a complementarian view of gender roles in the home and church but not in the civil sphere. David Kotter of CBMW has written a series of articles supporting the propriety of women serving as civil magistrates (see the first here).
On the other hand, Doug Phillips of Vision Forum has called the nomination of Palin "the single most dangerous event in the conscience of the Christian community in the last ten years at least." Pastor Eric Einwechter has written an article ("Sarah Palin and the Complementarian Compromise") critiquing not only Palin's nomination but, more pointedly, the mainstream evangelical embrace of her nomination. He has also responded to Gushee's USA Today article. See also an article today in the Los Angeles Times on the debate over Palin among conservative evangelicals.
Phillips and Einwechter charge CBMW, Al Mohler, and other leading evangelicals with promoting partial or compromised complementarianism. Einwechter calls it "'two-point complementarianism' (i.e., the view that the headship of men and the separate roles of men and women apply in the family and in the church but do not apply in the social or civil sphere). One wonders if in addition to identifying three, four, or five point Calvinists, we might also begin to hear a distinction between those who hold a two or three point complementarian position.
Posted by Jeffrey T. Riddle at 4:52 PM
Put me down as a five point Calvinist and a two point complementarian.
Sermon of the Week: Paul Washer's "Ten Indictments"
Robert George on Obama's Abortion Extremism
The Christian's Joy in Worship
Routley on Calvin and the tendency of musical wors...
Jesus: Our Temple
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Exposition of Jude: Part 11 of 25
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The Palin Predicament and Two Point Complementaria...
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text:
Oxford Friend was an Oxford based LGBTQ+ charity which provided emotional support and counselling to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community of the city of Oxford and the county of Oxfordshire. The original volunteers were part of the local branch of the Campaign for Homosexual Equality (CHE). Listening services were provided by telephone, email, Facebook and instant messaging. The charity also provided training on LGBTQ+ issues for educational institutions and other organisations in and around Oxfordshire. Oxford Friend raised money via a grant from Oxford City Council (as it was part of their campaign to support the local LGBTQ+ community), donations, and external training packages.

The group was established in 1980 and was registered as a charity in 1988. In 2006, the group was awarded the Queen's Award for Voluntary Service. Oxford Friend officially closed on 31 March 2020.

See also

Facebook page
Twitter page
Website
Brighton Gay and Lesbian Switchboard
Gay & Lesbian Switchboard of New York
London Friend
Switchboard (UK)

References

LGBT organisations in England
Charities based in Oxfordshire
1980 establishments in the United Kingdom
Crisis hotlines

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For reading or just decoration?
WHEN I WROTE A BOOK for those in a particular profession and not a single (except the friend who edited it and, out of sheer kindness alone said it was very good) person from that profession reacted even after they got it, I thought people have stopped reading.
And they were all people whose profession was to read and write.
It was only then it occurred to me that it must have been so bad that people (knowing that without reading) just rejected it and my editor-friend praised it only to make me feel good. They again were being kind to not say how bad it was.
After all that is what friends are for. The 5,430 'online' contacts, the 485 FB 'friends' and the thousands of colleagues in 14 jobs and over 500 students in my 10 years of teaching were not real friends and didn't care.
Then I resumed blogging after gap of a few years just to keep the mind off negative thoughts that followed a bereavement. One or two likes and 'follow's came for every blog, but it seemed they were clicked on ONLY for me to reciprocate and add to their 'stats'. (No offence meant to those who really liked).
When I decided to drop writing a third book, an online friend told me long back I should not care about not being read. Writing to express was one thing, writing to be read quite another and writing for people to buy your book yet another. Ond should decide, when writing, which of the three one aims at.
That very few or none read is established. I posted a 'solution' to the vexing problem of Ayodhya and not one reaction or 'like' came. On March 16 I mentioned the Union Civil Aviation Minister as Anand Gajapati Raju though it was Ashok. The mistake occurred because I KNEW Anand and Ashok are brothers and in different parties and that one was mistaken for the others by people who did not know. Thinking about that led to inadvertently mentioning one for the other.
And no Indian reader noticed it. Perhaps there were no Indian readers. Perhaps only foreigners read and it meant nothing to them.
Then, yesterday, I damned the Indian National Congress as being ready to instal a dog of the Indira Gandhi family as India's prime minister. I could have been condemned by the dynasty devotees as a 'Bhakt' (devotee) of Narendra Modi, a stooge of the ruling BJP or a paid propagandist for the party. I am not (I worked for one BJP newspaper and three Congress dailies and felt all were equally bad).
But no one either attacked or praised it.
Do people read at all? Do people read only what they themselves write? Is writing a tool of communication or just an unburdening of one own mind?
Should one, as the online 'friend' suggested, just write for the sake of writing? Will anyone answer these questions?
Posted on May 30, 2017 June 6, 2017 Categories Random PostsTags 'Devotee', books, Dynasty, Mistakes, Propaganda, ReactionLeave a comment on Do People Read….
Rajiv (Sanskrit word for lotus) and the entire Indira dynasty, watching lotuses bloom in a lake. Rahul in extreme right and Priyanka in extreme left. All of them were claimants to the Prime Ministerial throne. Including the dog?
YOU ARE THE TOP SUPPORTER OF ANY IDEOLOGY OR POLITICAL PARTY (though parties have nothing to do with ideology today) if you have contributed most to their victory and help groups on whose support the party comes to power.
Such deals by those in power stopped with the Congress and its allies thrown out, but the recent demonetisation brought reports of old notes worth crores being unearthed and some bankers helping turn black money into white though fake accounts or convenient interpretation of rules always favouring the rich 'Mallyas'.
IN INDIA WE EXPECT OUR PRIME MINISTERS AND PRESIDENTS, though the later are only titular heads, to be in their late sixties or older, to be paragons of virtue – very loyal to their spouses – though they may otherwise lack the acumen to handle a vast country's complex problems.
And they should preferably belong to a dynasty. If they do we can give them concessions like being in their forties. If they don't belong to the dynasty, we question his having not having ever lived with a wife he married at a very young age and by arrangement, not his choice. If she belonged to the dynasty no one mentions that she married by choice but separated after becoming a mother twice!
INDIA, LIKE ALL COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD, had its days of monarchy. The memories of kings and autocratic rulers are still in the of minds people. Some seniors alive today were born in the days of 'Maharajas' and ;Nawabs'. But by then these were mere titles devoid of real power.
Power they did not have, as the British were the real rulers, but even after Independence the Constitution of India bestowed on them privileges and privy purses till 1972 as The Constitution (26th amendment) Act was passed only at the fag end of 1971.
Patiala kingdoms, wrote a book in the '70s, The Maharajas, which gave a graphic picture of the lavish life of perversion, orgies, debauchery and pursuit of pleasure these 'kings' enjoyed , especially in Punjab and the North, in return for allowing the British to rule the country.
A JOKE IN A MAGAZINE DECADES AGO quoted a laundry advertisement of in the early days of washing machines. The ad said: "We don't tear your clothes with machines. We do it carefully by hand." Torn by hand or by a machine, torn clothes are equally useless.
India, many feel, is an oasis in the desert of failed democracies.
The world has too many dictatorships, starving nations where the 'ruler' spends millions on his birthday, 'elected' leaders who refuse to step down as their term ends, countries with fake elections controlled by army and religious hatred for neighbour or contestants who declare they would accept an electoral verdict only if they win!
Writing on politics, I had said in a blog post ('Scavenging With Pen') has been a dirty job which I tried to avoid. But you cannot escape it when political sloganeering defying logic is unthinkingly accepted by many as truth.
Congress is making a hue and cry over a picture of Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) calendar and diary for 2017. KVIC has pointed out that the Mahatma's picture was omitted from the 1996, 2002, 2005, 2011 , 2012 and 2013 calendar during Congress rule. No one had raised a finger then. Quotes from the Mahatma were on most pages of the new calendar and diary, KVIC said.


The jigs come with two 6/0 Mustad 4X assist hooks paired strong solid and split ring.
All of the jigs Glow in the Dark !!!!!!!
The set of flat fall jigs are high quality with vivid colors. Nice overall combination of colors. Can't wait to give them a try.
I haven't been able to get out on the water yet to use them but they seem to be made with great quality and care. To me they feel the same if not better quality then the Shimano jigs at half the cost.
I use these out of Venice, LA for snapper, AJ's, grouper, and blackfin. They work great and hold us to the abuse of fish. These are much easier to use than butterfly jigs if your arms are tired.
Jigs work very well around rigs and reefs.
Well worth the money and catch fish as well.
jigs look great, hook are inconsistent some of the points are rolled over like a circle hook and others are straight.
Great customer service and the jigs look amazing! I cant wait to use them!


text:
Back Home è l'ottavo album in studio del gruppo musicale pop irlandese Westlife, pubblicato nel 2007. L'album contiene brani originali e cover.

Tracce

Classifiche

Note

Collegamenti esterni

Album certificati disco d'oro in Australia
Album certificati disco d'oro in Nuova Zelanda
Album certificati disco d'oro in Svezia
Album certificati disco d'oro in Svizzera
Album certificati cinque volte disco di platino in Irlanda
Album certificati tre volte disco di platino nel Regno Unito


monitors the financial health of the parish. The members assist Karen Fultz, Business Manager, in the development of an annual budget and in long-range financial planning.
Current members of the Finance Commission are: Patti Basti, Libby Groskopf, Brian Kraft, Adam Mueller and Len Routenberg.
Contact: Shannon Benvenuti, Business Manager - 513.398.3821 ext 3121.
is a consultative body of parishioners representing each of the different Parish Commissions.
Contact: Fr. Bob Farrell, Pastor - 513.398.3821 ext 3101.
assists the parish community and the principal in coordination with the pastor, in the initiation, evaluation, and implementation of policies, procedures, and programs reflecting Catholic education for the school children.
Worship Commission assesses and evaluates the liturgical life and ministries of the parish in accordance with the documents of Vatican Council II and the leadership of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. This commission promotes active participation of the faithful and directs liturgical style, the training of liturgical ministers, the work of the sacristan and the suitability of the liturgical environment.


No piece is too big or too small for us to move. We have personnel experienced in the movement of safes and oversized equipment. Risk assessments are provided before any of these services are carried out.


text:
by Emma Sandler
At-home testing kits are making personalized beauty much more personal.
In September, customized serum brand Atolla launched with an offer to simultaneously measure epigenetic conditions such as skin moisture and firmness, and create customized serums for $45. Atolla's debut built on what has been happening in the larger skin-care landscape: In February, personalized product recommendation brand Skintelli came to market in beta; its proposition allows clients to apply an adhesive to their skin to collect a genetic sample and send it back for analysis. DNA-testing company Advanced Genomic Solutions's SkinHealth Genetic Test, which debuted in November 2018, offers something similar.
Though the DNA testing company does not sell skin-care products, customers can send in a cheek-swab to analyze their genetic predisposition to acne, elasticity and firmness. Upon receiving these test results, clients can then opt to take their results to their aesthetician or dermatologist for product advice.
"What's happened is that with the direct-to-consumer approach of Ancestry.com kits and 23andMe, there has been an incredible demand for DNA testing. But Ancestry.com doesn't make you healthier, it's just fun to know, " said Kevin MacDonald, Advanced Genomic Solutions founder and managing director.
Advanced Genomic Solutions sells its DNA testing kits to corporations as a white-label offering or as a benefit perk to corporations, as well as to the end customer through its DTC site. Typically, DTC purchases of its standard health kit are made by women 45 years old, said MacDonald. The AGS team assumed it would be the same for when it launched its SkinHealth kit. However, DTC purchases, which account for approximately 20% of SkinHealth sales, are made by women ages 35 and younger. MacDonald said this is because its customers are looking to reduce the guesswork of finding the right skin-care products. AGS has sold nearly 10,000 kits via DTC and wholesale, but has not engaged in any DTC marketing; however, it does plan on promoting its kit to skin-care professionals in its network during the holiday season, for $140, so that they can market and sell it to patients for $199.
Atolla, for its part, has found that 20% of its customers are men and that a "surprising" portion of customers are also buying more than one kit at a time to share with someone else, said Dr. Ranella Hirsch, Atolla co-founder. Atolla hosted a pop-up in 2018 in New York City and has invested in Facebook and Instagram ads for marketing.
"Men are not as interested in the discovery component of beauty, so we are giving them this data to see some results about what they need to change," she said.
Outside of its niche use by indie brands and corporate clients, AGS said there is an appetite for its product within the traditional beauty sphere. Currently, the company is in discussion with two skin-care companies in France and in the U.S., said MacDonald. The primary motivation is because these companies are trying to figure out how to get people to buy and continue to use their non-customized products.
"They want stickiness," he said. "They know DNA testing isn't going away and want to embrace it."
Estée Lauder Companies' Clinique and L'Oreal's La Roche-Posay have tried to offer some level of personalization to customers in the past, but these brands are inherently held back because they can only recommend their own existing products versus creating a new formula from scratch. MacDonald said its potential strategic partners are considering white-labeling SkinHealth to sell to customers and then charging an additional fee for recommending products from their whole portfolio of brands. This would ostensibly offer a level of neutrality.
But any at-home test for either genetic skin factors like moisture levels or even DNA is not a panacea for all skin issues. There are too many variables such as stress, hormone cycles and diet that can contribute to certain conditions like acne, said Genevieve Vielbig, a nurse at med spa Just Ageless in New York City. While the most defining factor for something like acne is having a genetic predisposition, there is no "magical cure," she said.
Atolla requires a person to re-test their skin before any subscription renewal so that its algorithms become more attune to the changes in an individual's skin, said Hirsch. Meanwhile, AGS can currently test for 26 genes, but MacDonald said, by 2020, it should be able to test 60.


A recent article in the New York Times featuring Meghann Harris, founder of SpecialGlobe.com, provided an interesting perspective about the availability of resources to facilitate travel for families of children with physical and cognitive challenges. The thrust of the article was that travel is something every one should be able to enjoy and there are resources available to assist families and individuals who have physical and cognitive disabilities, including individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities. An attitude of sensitive inclusion among travel agents, booking agents, airline personnel and chaperones, is an important factor in making the travel experience meaningful and joyful for all. Some resources that were mentioned include HomeAway.com, which enables individuals to find homes to rent that suit their needs, National Ability Center, which offers a number of adventures that are all-inclusive, and Trips Inc., which organizes group trips for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
While much of life for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (and their families) is focused on finding affordable housing, a job, fighting stereotypes, overcoming discrimination, and gaining independence, time spent seeing more of the world, taking time to relax and rejuvenate is also important and meaningful. Every one deserves the dignity of experiencing joy.


text:
The R827 road is a regional road in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Dublin, Ireland connecting Blackrock and Monkstown with the N11 (Stillorgan Road).

The official definition of the R827 from the Roads Act 1993 (Classification of Regional Roads) Order 2012 states:

R827: Blackrock - Cornelscourt, County Dublin

Between its junction with R113 at Newtownpark Avenue and its junction with N11 at Cabinteely Bypass via Stradbrook Road, Deansgrange Road and Clonkeen Road all in the county of Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown.

The road is  long.

See also
Roads in Ireland
National primary road
Regional road

References

Regional roads in the Republic of Ireland
Roads in County Dublin


text:
Q: Sorting an array with Bi Predicate I was trying to take a sorted File[] array (With a certain sorting condition that was applied to it)
and I tried to apply an extra sort to different objects that had similar sorting results from the first sort (In example - file size).
I wrote the following code, but It didn't work:
private static void sameValueHandler(File[] orderedFiles, BiPredicate<File,File> sortingCondition){
        for(int i = 0; i < orderedFiles.length - 1; i++){
            int j;
            for (j = i + 1; j < orderedFiles.length ; j++){
                if (!sortingCondition.test(orderedFiles[i],orderedFiles[j])){
                    if (j - i - 1> 1){
                        File[] sameFiles = new File[j - i - 1];
                       System.arraycopy(orderedFiles, i, sameFiles, 0,j - i - 1);
                       sameFiles = MainOrder.defaultOrd(sameFiles); // Calls a method that sorts (files by file.getAbsolutePath())

                       System.arraycopy(sameFiles, 0, orderedFiles, i,j - i - 1);
                   }else{
                       break;
                   }
                }
            }
            i = j;

        }
    }

Basically, All im trying to do, is to check which files from orderedFiles share the same sortingCondition from the given BiPredicate, and sort these files with MainOrder.defaultOrd() which sorts by file.getAbsolutePath(), so the results should be a sorted array that was sorted intially with the given BiPredicate (assume that File[] orderedFiles is already sorted) - and then resort the files that share the same sortingCondition AGAIN with the deafaultOrd method while keeping the original files that had a unique sortingCondition result in place.
For example:
Lets say I have the following files in orderedFiles:
-file2.txt
-file1.txt
-file5.txt
-file6.txt
and file1 and file2 share the same fileSize, but file2.getAbsolutePath().compareTo(file1.getAbsolutePath()) > 0
I would want to resort the array such that file2 will appear after file1:
-file1.txt
-file2.txt
-file5.txt
-file6.txt
Hope I was clear enough. thanks!
edit:
Also tried using bubble sort, but it didn't work aswell:
 private static void sameValueHandler(File[] orderedFiles, BiPredicate<File,File> sortingCondition){
        //TODO fix.
        int arrLength = orderedFiles.length;
        for(int i = 0; i<arrLength-1; i++){
            for(int j=0; j<arrLength-i-1;j++){
                if(sortingCondition.test(orderedFiles[j],orderedFiles[j+1])){
                    if(orderedFiles[j].getAbsolutePath().compareTo(orderedFiles[j+1].getAbsolutePath()) > 0){
                        File temp = orderedFiles[j];
                        orderedFiles[j] = orderedFiles[j+1];
                        orderedFiles[j+1] = temp;

                    }
                }
            }
        }

A: You can use Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator) with the following Comparator to sort first on file length and then on file path (in case file lengths are equal):
File[] files = ...;
Arrays.sort(files, new Comparator<File>() {
    @Override
    public int compare(File f1, File f2) {
        int result = Long.compare(f1.length(), f2.length());
        if(result == 0) {
            result = f1.getAbsolutePath().compareTo(f2.getAbsolutePath());
        }
        return result;
    }
});

A: First you must understand how comparator works (from Java docs):
if file1 > file2, it returns positive number
if file1 < file2, it returns negative number
if file1 == file2, it returns 0

Saying that:
    public static Comparator<File> secondSort = (f1, f2) -> {
        // apply the second sort rules and return -1, 0, 1 based on Comparator returns
        return 0; // -1, 0, 1
    };

    public static Comparator<File> sortIt = (f1, f2) -> {
        // check if files are equals base in your first rule
        boolean filesAreEquals = true;

        if (filesAreEquals) {
            return secondSort.compare(f1, f2);
        }
        return 0;
    };

    private static void sameValueHandler(File[] orderedFiles)
    {
        List<File> ordered = Arrays.
                stream(orderedFiles).
                sorted(sortIt::compare).
                collect(Collectors.toList());
    }

It allows you to pass different comparators to your method and change the way elements are ordered.

A: You can do it with a single sort.  You need to sort your array as follows:
    Arrays.sort(orderedFiles,
                Comparator.comparing(File::length)
                        .thenComparing(
                                File::getAbsolutePath));

The second argument to Arrays.sort is a comparator which you can read about in the JavaDocs.
First it sorts on the length and if they are equals it sorts on the path.  You can chain as many thenComparing methods as you need to.  It is of minimal consequence if the file has already been sorted on the first field.  It will still work just fine. Or you can do it as follows:
     Arrays.sort(orderedFiles,
             Comparator.comparing(File::getAbsolutePath));
                        .

Here is an example of it working on some made up data.  When you run it and print out the sorted list you can see how it sorts on the value first and then then length of the name.
        List<Example> data = new ArrayList<>(
                List.of(new Example(20, "watermelon"),
                        new Example(20, "apple"),
                        new Example(20, "peaches"),
                        new Example(10, "grapes"),
                        new Example(100, "house"),
                        new Example(100, "apartment")));
        data.sort(Comparator.comparing(Example::getValue)
                .thenComparing(a -> a.getName().length()));

        data.forEach(System.out::println);

    class Example {
        private int value;
        private String name;

        public Example(int value, String name) {
            this.value = value;
            this.name = name;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public int getValue() {
            return value;
        }

        public String toString() {
            return value + " " + name;
        }

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