text:
Moral & Safe
The Religious Community and Drone Warfare
National Bird
Interfaith Working Group
Faith Group Statements and Resources
New Work of the Interfaith Network on Drone Warfare
Fly Kites Not Drones - Learning Resources for Children
What Faith Communities Can Do
Past Regional Conferences
The 2015 National Conference at Princeton Theological Seminary
Report on 2019 National Training Conference
Talk by Kathy Kelly, December 1, 2020
Joint Civil Society Statement on Armed Drones
UN General Assembly First Committee on Disarmament and International Security
Delivered by Sophia Wistehube, Human Rights Clinic at Columbia Law School, 10th October 2017
"I no longer love blue skies. In fact, I now prefer grey skies. The drones do not fly when the skies are grey." That's what Zubair Ur-Rehman told a US congressional committee, about a US drone strike which killed his grandmother Mamana as she picked vegetables in a field in Pakistan in 2012. Zubair was just 13 years old at the time.
I am presenting a statement that has been endorsed by 46 civil society organisations, from 17 countries. We are committed to preventing and mitigating harm, including violations of international human rights and humanitarian law, from the use of drones in domestic and international deployments of force.
The use of drones by some states to conduct airstrikes in recent years has caused serious harm in communities, including significant casualties and psychological impacts.
The use of drones by some states has also raised serious legal and ethical concerns, and undermined the rule of law.
For example we are deeply concerned about the US's use of armed drones in places such as Pakistan, Somalia, and Yemen, to conduct killings of those suspected of affiliation with certain groups, or against groups or individuals who appear to match a particular profile. Our concern is due to the highly questionable legal basis for these strikes; the secrecy; and the harm that communities and families have suffered. We are gravely concerned that some of these air strikes have violated the right to life. Increased operations in Yemen and Somalia, and recent reports that the US administration aims to loosen already limited policy constraints on these activities, only heighten these concerns.
However, this problem is broader than the activities of one state.
The specific features of drone technologies also risk facilitating a global expansion of the use of lethal force, by lowering its political and practical impediments. Some states have been using drones to expand the contexts in which they use explosive weapons, including outside situations of armed conflict.
The use, deployment, and proliferation of drones are therefore serious challenges that require an urgent international response.
We note that there is now an effort underway by states, led by the US, to develop international standards on the export and subsequent use of "armed or strike-enabled UAVs."
However, we are concerned that this initiative risks setting standards that are lower than existing standards, and that will not adequately address the full range of risks, evidence of harm and violations associated with the use of drones. Detailed recommendations endorsed by many of our organisations on the US-led initiative are linked to from the full online version of this statement.
The process so far has also not been open and inclusive to all states, nor of affected communities, humanitarian, human rights and development actors, nor other civil society experts.
The issues raised by the developing role of drones in the use of force are however global and pertinent to all – international work must not just be dominated by user and producer states.
And, while it is important to address issues of transfers and the practice of new users, use by current possessors and producers continues to be problematic from a humanitarian perspective, and raise serious concerns on compliance with international law and standards. The US-led initiative does not address this, instead focusing on limiting the spread of technology to others.
Unacceptable practice, including that which undermines international law and the rule of law, or involves assistance to facilitate unlawful use, must be rejected – and cannot be ignored or neglected by the international community.
International action and agreement on standards will be key to preventing and mitigating current and future harm to people from the increasing use of armed drones. While the standards under development could represent an important step forward for states, it is clear that further work will be necessary towards agreement on the limits of acceptable use of drones.
We welcome work by UNIDIR this year to convene states and experts in a series of expert meetings for a study on transparency, accountability and oversight over armed drones, and are looking forward to useful recommendations and suggested ways forward for states when it is released this autumn.
We also welcome the publication by the European Parliament subcommittee on Human Rights of a proposal towards an EU common position on the use of armed drones, which outlines principles of transparency and accountability and recommendations on export controls that member states are urged to adopt.
We call for greater attention to be given to the issue of the use of armed drones in all relevant international forums, including in the First Committee, the Human Rights Council and its special procedures.
States, in partnership with international organisations and civil society, should work to prevent and mitigate harm from drones; respond to the rights and needs of victims; account for casualties; and ensure meaningful transparency, accountability, and oversight for these systems.
Alliance of Baptists, US
Center for Civilians in Conflict (CIVIC)
CILD (Coalizione Italiana Libertà e Diritti civili)
Coalition for Peace Action
Colombian Campaign to Ban Landmines
Committee of 100 in Finland
Drone Campaign Network
Drone Wars UK
European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR)
Faith Voices Arkansas
Foundation for Fundamental Rights, Pakistan
Gender Advocacy for Justice Initiative (GAJI), Nigeria
Human Rights Clinic (Columbia Law School)
Human Rights Now, Japan
IANSA Women's Network Nigeria
Interfaith Network on Drone Warfare, US
International Committee for Robot Arms Control
Israeli Disarmament Movement
Medact, UK
Mwatana Organization for Human Rights, Yemen
National Council of Churches of Christ in the US
National Religious Campaign Against Torture, US
Nonviolence International Southeast Asia
Nuhanovic Foundation, Netherlands
Omega Research Foundation
Pax Christi Flanders
Peace Movement Aotearoa
Pennsylvania Council of Churches
Rete Italiana per il Disarmo (Italian Disarmament Network)
Scientists for Global Responsibility
SEHLAC Network – Red para la Seguridad Humana en Latinoamérica y el Caribe
Sustainable Peace and Development Organization (SPADO), Pakistan
Whistleblower & Source Protection Program (WHISPeR) at ExposeFacts
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF)
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Nigeria
Women's Right to Education Programme (WREP), Nigeria
Contact: Elizabeth Minor at Article 36, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Statement on the Development of International Standards on the Export and Subsequent Use of 'Armed or Strike-Enabled UAVs'
The use of 'Unmanned' Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, to conduct airstrikes has caused harm in communities, including significant casualties; raised serious legal and ethical concerns; and endangered international peace, security and human rights and rule of law by lowering political, practical, and technological impediments to the use of force. States must be aware that the specific features of these technologies risk facilitating a global expansion of the use of lethal force. Accordingly, states must not disregard the long-standing rules of international law governing the use of force. The use, deployment, and increased proliferation of drones are therefore key challenges that need to be addressed.
Concerningly, there has so far been little concerted attention paid by states at the international level to the emergence of these systems. There is now an effort by states to develop international standards on the export and subsequent use of 'armed or strike-enabled UAVs.'[1] However, we are concerned that this initiative risks setting standards that are too low, and will not adequately address the full range of risks and harm associated with the use of drones. In this context, we make the following recommendations:
We call on the states developing these standards to undertake a process that, at all stages, and at a minimum:
is inclusive of and open to all countries, as the issues raised by the developing role of drones in the use of force are global and pertinent to all; and
involves meaningful consultation with a range of experts, industry, and civil society, including affected communities, who have been instrumental in bringing concerns around drones to international attention.
We also recommend to states that the standards drafted should, at a minimum:
recognise from the outset that military force, whether using drones or otherwise, may only be deployed in accordance with well-established rules of international law, and that technological developments do not vary those standards;
include clear expression of states' commitment to uphold specific and applicable international human rights and humanitarian law;
include clear commitments (and not just principles) for endorsing states, as well as a process to the review the implementation of those commitments;
supplement existing law and standards, and not include any commitments that are weaker than or that could weaken existing national, regional, or international obligations, standards, or policies.
in articulating commitments on responsible export:
include robust and independent human rights assessments of the importing state;
be in line with the standards agreed upon in the Arms Trade Treaty;
ensure strong implementation and verification mechanisms;
involve information exchange between signatories on use; and
include an annual review process to ensure that the export control list is updated with technological developments in the field of drones;
uphold principles of transparency, accountability, and oversight at both the domestic and international levels. These include, at a minimum, legal and policy transparency, and openness about actual use, harm caused, decision-making, and accountability and oversight processes. Robust and independent casualty recording, with the collection and dissemination of sex- and age-disaggregated data, as well as judicial review and meaningful legislative and other oversight of the use of armed or strike-enabled drones, must be ensured; and
include a commitment by states to set out in detail their own international-law compliant national policies on the role of drones.
If the concept of 'responsible use' is to be part of this framework, specific work must also be undertaken to reach a common understanding of what this means, and which at least meets existing law and standards as discussed above.
Continued and wider engagement by the international community
States should voice their positions and/or concerns on the issues pertaining to this process in all relevant multilateral forums to strengthen the international debate.
However, while it is important to address issues of trade, proliferation and the practice of new users, we note that this initiative does not address the full range of concerns around drones. Use by current possessors and producers continues to be problematic from a legal and humanitarian perspective. Unacceptable practices, including those that undermine international law and the rule of law, must be rejected – and cannot be neglected by the international community.
International action and agreement on standards around armed drones, as well as state compliance with international law, will be key to preventing and mitigating current and future harm caused by these systems. While the standards under development could represent an important step forward for states, the goals for international agreement that appear to be being set are modest in comparison to the range of issues of concern surrounding drones and other extraterritorial use of force by states, which the international community must also continue to address.
All Party Parliamentary Group on Drones
Interfaith Network on Drone Warfare
Rete Italiana per il Disarmo
Rights Watch UK
[1] Building on the US-led 'Joint Declaration for the Export and Subsequent Use of Armed or Strike-Enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)', published in October 2016 with 53 endorsing states (available at: https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2016/10/262811.htm)
Letter to General McMaster on Possible Changes to U.S. Policies on the Use of Force in Counterterrorism Operations
Lt. Gen. H.R. McMaster, Jr., USA
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
1600 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Re: Possible Changes to U.S. Policies on the Use of Force in Counterterrorism Operations
Dear General McMaster:
We write today to express our deep concern regarding reports that the administration is considering weakening current policy standards for the use of force in counterterrorism operations. We find these reports particularly troubling in light of the significant increase in the number of civilians who have reportedly been killed in U.S. strikes during the last several months.
We urge you to strengthen and improve, not weaken, the standards for the use of force contained in the Presidential Policy Guidance adopted in May 2013. This policy, which applies outside "areas of active hostilities," contains some standards that are contrary to what is legally required outside of armed conflict situations – concerns that many of the undersigned human rights and civil liberties groups have previously detailed elsewhere. In light of the concerns, we are deeply troubled by reports of efforts to weaken policies that are intended to protect civilians and the right to life. As more countries and non-state armed groups around the world acquire armed drones, it is critical that the United States seek to set an example for other nations and demonstrate that its use of force practices adhere to its obligations under international law. To that end, we believe existing protections should be strengthened and improved, not weakened.
Beyond strengthening existing protections, we urge this administration to prioritize transparency and accountability by implementing a consistent and effective investigation and redress policy across all relevant agencies, acknowledging all uses of lethal force, providing detailed strike and casualty information on an ongoing basis, disclosing all applicable legal and policy frameworks and U.S. interpretations, and providing the relevant Congressional committees with sufficient notification and information to enable them to carry out meaningful oversight.
Thank you for your attention to this important matter. Members of the undersigned organizations would be happy to meet with you or your staff to discuss our concerns and recommendations further.
Center for Civilians in Conflict
OpenTheGovernment
Cc: The Honorable Jim Mattis, Secretary of Defense
Statement sent to the Trump Transition Team, January 2017
This statement was sent to the Trump transition team in January 2017 and was signed by representatives from 21 denominations. It provides helpful information for those leading this session.
Drone Warfare: A Religious and Moral Perspective
Interfaith Working Group on Drone Warfare
Recommendations for the Next Administration
The question of whether to go to war and the question of how warfare is conducted are both profound moral and religious questions. Though there are differences of opinion within the religious community about the morality of going to war, most religions are unified in believing that when and if war occurs, it should be limited. This document suggests ways of extending that commitment to placing moral limits on wars to the lethal use of drones.
We are concerned that current policies for lethal drone strikes are unnecessarily opaque, are implicitly biased against efforts to capture those targeted, cause an unacceptable number of civilian casualties, allow targeting of unidentified individuals, violate international human rights law, may ultimately risk removing human judgment from drone strike decisions, create long-term hostility in affected communities toward U.S. interests, directly harm attempts to promote human rights and the rule of law, and dangerously reduce the political and psychological costs of using lethal force.
The current drone program runs counter to the tenets of our respective faiths and violates the values held by most Americans; therefore, in order to reduce physical and spiritual harm caused by the drone program, we recommend that the next Administration:
Make the requirements for authorizing a lethal strike more onerous than those for authorizing capture.
Recognize that the use of drones decreases the political and psychological costs – but not the moral costs – of approving the use of force. Such use should be a last resort.
Publish clear, readily understood standards for determining who is a targetable combatant and who is not a combatant or is otherwise not targetable.
End the CIA's authority to carry out lethal drone strikes.
Adopt and publish a definition of "imminent threat" that reflects the common understanding of "imminent" and clear evidence of a specific threat.
Require that as a matter of course, when consistent with mission objectives, all drone strikes be publicly acknowledged within one year, and that in no event should public acknowledgement of a strike be delayed for more than three years. Such acknowledgement should include a description of the specific legal authority for the specific strike, the number of civilians killed in the strike, and a commitment to provide compensation for the families of any civilian casualties of the strike.
As drone technology becomes more efficient and drones become increasingly autonomous, establish and maintain a firm requirement that a human agent – with the authority to halt the operation at any point – always be an active participant in any strike decision, including in the moments immediately preceding a strike.
End so-called "signature strikes" that occur outside areas of active hostilities. Specifically, require that each such strike be aimed at an identified target. Failing that, publish clear, readily understood criteria for determining which unidentified individuals are targetable.
Establish a government-sponsored commission of independent experts to investigate the long-term impacts of lethal drone strikes, including the political, economic, and psychological impacts on affected countries and communities, the impact on U.S. political interests, the effects on regional support for terrorism, and the psychological health of drone operators.
Proactively prevent future drone strikes by addressing the root causes of extremism and violence. In particular, provide additional development support to troubled areas to encourage economic development, reduce social and political exclusion, combat discrimination, provide access to education and employment, promote human rights and the rule of law, and otherwise mitigate circumstances that can foster extremism.
Support local programs to address the physical, economic, and psychological harm caused by drone strikes.
Ensure adequate and enduring psychological care for any drone operators who are negatively affected by their missions.
Lead in establishing international standards for the lethal use of drones. These standards should reflect the other recommendations in this document as well as steps the U.S. has already taken to restrict its lethal drone program. Additionally the standards should be transparent, conform to international law, include readily understood criteria for who can and who cannot be targeted, provide clear lines of authority and responsibility for a state's decision to carry out a lethal strike, and provide procedures for redress if the standards are violated.
For each strike outside an area of active hostilities, require the Secretary of Defense to certify to the House and Senate Armed Services Committees that, consistent with the spirit of the Presidential Policy Guidance (PPG) and the Executive Order on Civilian Casualties, the strike addresses an imminent threat to human life, that capture is infeasible, that there is a near certainty that no civilians will be harmed in the strike, and that provisions have been made to compensate the families of civilians harmed in any previous strike as soon as mission objectives allow.
Require follow-up investigations and reports one year and five years after every lethal drone strike that occurred outside areas of active hostilities to determine the long-term effect of the strike on U.S. political interests in the region, local perceptions of the U.S., local support for terrorism, local rule of law and respect for human rights, and other long-term consequences in the affected community.
As faith leaders, we are deeply concerned that by distancing people from kill decisions, drones lower the political and psychological costs of killing. They make it easier for politicians and other high level decision-makers, who no longer have to order soldiers into a hostile situation in order to use lethal force, to choose violence. Using armed drones for targeted killings makes it easier for conflicts to escalate and may make it easier to go to war. As drone technology advances and drones (and other pieces of military hardware) become increasingly autonomous, humans, even at the operator level, may end up largely removed from what becomes a mechanized process of killing.
We believe strongly that while drones lower the political and psychological costs of killing, they do not lower the moral costs. We believe that those who order, authorize, or operate the remote killing of targeted people in a far off land ought to wrestle with the moral consequences of that decision every bit as much as a commander who has just ordered his or her troops into battle. Killing should not be an abstraction to those who are ultimately responsible for it.
We are also concerned that as currently written, the Presidential Policy Guidance (PPG) that provides rules for "direct action" against suspected terrorist targets outside the zone of active hostilities, creates standards for carrying out capture operations that are considerably more difficult to satisfy than those required to carry out a lethal strike.
"Direct action," as described by the PPG refers to both lethal uses of force (i.e. drone strikes) and capture operations. Both forms of "direct action" require plans that indicate the counterterrorism objectives to be achieved and the legal basis for taking the action. Both also require near certainty that a lawful terrorist target be present and a near certainty that "non-combatants" will not be injured or killed, reasonable attempts to determine the identity of the target(s), and a consideration of implications for the broader regional and international political interests of the United States.
In order to carry out a lethal drone strike, the PPG also requires an assessment that capture is not feasible. In principle this requirement appears to prioritize captures over drone strikes, however in practice a remote-piloted drone strike is likely to be nearly always more "feasible" than a capture operation. Further, the PPG goes on to lay out an additional list of requirements for a capture operation that go well beyond those for a lethal drone operation. These additional requirements for a capture operation include: consideration of whether the suspect's capture would further U.S. counterterrorism efforts, consideration of the plan for detention and interrogation of the target, and consideration of the risk to U.S. personnel in a capture operation. These requirements are appropriate and should be maintained, but in effect by raising the bar to capturing the targeted person, they further bias the use of "direct action" toward the use of lethal drone strikes.
Introducing additional positive requirements (such as those recommended above) to be met before authorizing a lethal drone strike would help ensure that lethal strikes are no longer the default option for addressing terrorist targets.Applying these requirements to the lethal use of drones – but not to efforts to capture the targeted person(s) – would serve to reduce the existing bias against capture.
As the leading developer of drone technology, the U.S. has a special responsibility to set standards for the use of drones. Drone technology is proliferating. 63 countries are producing drones domestically. At least 11 countries are developing armed drones. At least 8 countries and non-state actors, like ISIS, have used armed drones in combat. Some of the most powerful countries that are developing drone capabilities are unlikely to see U.S. standards as a floor, but will instead see them as a ceiling. As such, we believe the U.S. should act now to adopt and internationalize strong standards, such as those recommended above, before the use of lethal drones by many nations spirals out of control.
As members of the faith community, we encourage the next Administration to uplift the importance of human life and human dignity by adopting the above recommendations for limiting the use of lethal drone strike.
Signatories of Transition Statement:
Dr. Stephen Colecchi
Office of International Peace and Justice, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
Dr. Timothy Tee Boddie
Progressive National Baptist Convention
Rev. Dr. Patricia A. Sealy
Moderator Commission on Christian Action
Reformed Church in America
Peter Vander Meulen
Office of Social Justice, Christian Reformed Church in North America
Sara Pottschmidt Lisherness
Compassion, Peace and Justice, Presbyterian Mission Agency, Presbyterian Church (USA)
Dr. Sayyid Syeed
National Director
Islamic Society of North America
Kavneet Pannu
American Sikh Council
Rev. Dr. Susan Henry-Crowe
General Board of Church and Society, United Methodist Church
Dr. Jeffrey Haggray
American Baptist Home Mission Societies, American Baptist Churches - USA
Sr. Joan Marie Steadman, CSD
Leadership Conference of Women Religious
Gerry G. Lee
Maryknoll Office for Global Concerns
Rabbi Elyse Wechterman
Reconstructionist Rabbinical Association
Rev. Dr. Ken Brooker Langston
Disciples Center for Public Witness (Disciples of Christ)
Rev. Paula Clayton Dempsey
Director of Partnership Relations
Alliance of Baptist
Jim Winkler
General Secretary/President
National Council of Churches
Sandy Sorensen
Washington Office, Justice and Witness Ministries, United Church of Christ
Rev. David Steele
Taquiena Boston
Multicultural Growth and Witness, Unitarian Universalist Association
Scott Wright
Aura Kanegis
Director for Public Policy and Advocacy
Rev. Ron Stief
Letter sent by religious leaders to President Barrack Obama on lethal drones, June 6, 2016
The Office of the President of the United States
1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest
Dear President Obama,
As faith leaders, we feel called to express our continuing concern about the Administration's drone warfare program. Our faith traditions call us to recognize the goodness and inherent worth of people, and this program that arbitrarily and unaccountably takes human life runs counter to these values, and the values of many Americans.
In recent years, the U.S. lethal drones program has expanded rapidly with little accountability. In that light, we commend the Administration's recent plan to release a drones "playbook" and reports of combatant and noncombatant casualties caused by U.S. drone strikes. We urge the Administration to fully implement these promises of greater transparency as we raise specific concerns about the U.S. lethal drones program.
First and foremost, we are concerned by the thousands of intended and unintended deaths caused by U.S. drone warfare policy. These numbers are staggering, especially given the questionable legality of covert drone strikes.
Because drone strikes are often preemptive measures against potential threats, targets are often presumed guilty with little or no evidence. The assumption of guilt not only ignores due process, but also strikes targets with total lethality, ignoring protections guaranteed by international human and civil rights law. Drone strikes result in the death penalty for every alleged crime, even when arrest, prosecution, and appropriate punishments could easily be pursued.
In addition, the false claim that drones are precise weapons misrepresents the large number of innocent civilian casualties, including numerous children, caused by drone strikes. God weeps and our hearts ache at such unnecessary loss of human life.
Beyond the immense loss of human life, we are also troubled by the secrecy surrounding the U.S. drones warfare program. As our nation seeks to model democracy for the world, the lack of transparency regarding drone strikes stifles the ability of citizens or legislators to fully judge and understand the impact of lethal drone technology.
Releasing the Administration's reports is a necessary step to improve transparency and promote accountability, but this must be accompanied by an honest reflection on the efficacy of lethal drone strikes.
Lethal drone strikes place the U.S. in a perpetual state of covert war that reduces national and international security more than it helps. The massive loss of innocent lives generates opposition to U.S. power, fuels recruitment for extremist groups and makes us less safe. Alternatives through including cooperation with international partners on diplomacy, development, promotion of human rights, intelligence sharing, and international policing could address the root causes of extremism without being counterproductive to sustainable resolution of conflict.
While we oppose the Administration's expansion of the U.S. drone warfare program, the recent promise to disclose information on drones gives us hope. In addition to releasing these reports, we urge the Obama Administration to halt the drone warfare program during its final months in office. While a halt in drone warfare cannot reverse the loss of innocent lives, this step can honor their loss, lessen recruitment by terrorist groups, and increase the chance that future administrations will operate with greater accountability and transparency.
Archbishop Vicken Aykazian
Armenian Church of America
Simone Campbell, SSS
NETWORK Lobby for Catholic Social Justice
Patrick Carolan
Franciscan Action Network
Sister Patricia Chappell
Rev. Eric Cherry
Unitarian Universalist Association International Office
Rev. Stephen Copley
General Board of Church and Society
Paula Dempsey
Alliance of Baptists
Rev. Mary E. Jacobs
Co-Moderator
Disciples Peace Fellowship
Center and Library for the Bible and Social Justice
Francis E. Krebs
Presiding Bishop
Ecumenical Catholic Communion
Rabbi Nancy Fuchs Kreimer, Ph.D.
Director, Department of Multifaith Studies and Initiatives
Associate Professor of Religious Studies
Reconstructionist Rabbinical College
Disciples Center for Public Witness
Gerry Lee
Rabbi Michael Lerner
Rabbi, Beyt Tikkun Synagogue
Editor, Tikkun Magazine
Chair, Network of Spiritual Progressives
Rev. Rebecca Littlejohn
Dale Minnich
Interim General Secretary
Rev. Michael Neuroth
Policy Advocate for International Issues
United Church of Christ, Justice and Witness Ministries
Joy Olson
Washington Office on Latin America
Bill Scheurer
Kavneet Singh
American Sikh Council (ASC)
The Rev. Sandra L. Strauss
Director of Advocacy and Ecumenical Outreach
Ervin R. Stutzman
Sayyid M. Syeed
Office for Interfaith & Community Alliances
Islamic Society of North America (ISNA)
Sharon E. Watkins
General Minister and President
President and General Secretary
National Council of Churches USA
Faith Group Statements
<p">Interfaith Network on Drone Warfare
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text:
package com.github.xiilei.easyim.core;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;

/**
 *
 * @author xl
 *
 */
public class Dispatcher {
    public static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Dispatcher.class);

	private static Dispatcher instance;

	private static ApplyBroadcast method;

	protected Dispatcher(){

	}

	public static Dispatcher getInstance(){
		if (instance == null) {
			instance = new Dispatcher();
			instance.method = new ApplyBroadcast();
		}
		return instance;
	}

	/**
	 * 向所有 有效session添加消息
	 */
	public synchronized void broadcast(Message message) {

		method.setMessage(message);
		SessionManager.getInstance().apply(method);

	}

	/**
	 *
	 */
	public synchronized void multicast(Message message) {

	}

	/**
	 * 向指定session添加消息
	 */
	public synchronized void unicast(Message message, String gid) {

		Session to = SessionManager.getInstance().getSession(gid);
		if(to ==null){
			logger.warn("Dispatcher,指定接收session不存在,或已失效");
			//离线消息处理...
		}else{
			to.getConnection().onMessage(message);
		}

	}

	/**
	 *
	 * @author xl
	 *
	 */
	private static class ApplyBroadcast implements SessionManager.ApplyMethod{
		private Message message;

		public ApplyBroadcast(){
		}

		public void setMessage(Message message){
			this.message=message;
		}

		@Override
		public void invoke(Session session) {
			if(!session.getId().equals(message.getSid())){
				session.getConnection().onMessage(message);
			}
		}

	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Mobile marketing is evolving to include Sony PSP
Well we've had news stories about advertising on video ipods and now PSP is joining the fray. FHM.com is launching a Sony PSP channel with a free content promotion (via Brand Republic). It will be launched at the end of the month and users will be offered 10 free content packs to view on their Sony PSP's. The content will be the usual FHM type of thing - images and videos of girls (in their underwear I expect), behind the scenes stuff, interviews with the girls and viral teasers of what's coming up in forthcoming issues of the offline and online magazine.
The channel will be used to promote FHM.com and its related mobile phone offering which is currently via network operator portals (Vodafone Live and O2 Activel). And FHM.com also plans to make use of PSP's wireless browsing capabilities to create a browsable version of their site in the near future.
So what do I think of this. Well, I think it's great that Emap has had the presence of mind to pursue the PSP channel - with anticipated sales of 1m PSPs by Christmas, of which I guess the majority will be in the hands of young men, this is a great thing to do. Spot on in terms of targeting, a good demonstration of the scope of the Sony PSP (and I saw one in action at the Electric Picnic in the summer, and it was a rather fabulous piece of kit).
It does beg the question of how to define mobile marketing though. When I first started out, it was easy as it was all text messaging based (ok, so that was over 5 years ago and you had to explain what a text message was), and then it moved to 'stuff you do on a phone like SMS, ringtones and pictures' and then more recently we moved on to include games, applications and wap and now it's 'stuff you do on a phone, a PDA, an ipod,a mp3 player, a Sony PSP and, and.' I wonder what's next. And what the impact of wi-fi might be too.
Don't get me wrong, I love all the technology, and the potential it will bring, but by fragmenting the means of access, and the means of delivery, it could make it confusing for the customer, more difficult for the developer (how many platforms do you support exactly - over 200 mobile phones already + psp + pda + ipod + Gizmondo?) and more to the point to the brand. How does the client decide which channel to invest their money in ? If you're not into technology, how on earth are you supposed to work it all out?! (Clue, you get me in to help you.) It took TV 50 years or more to become fragmented to the state we're in today with 100s of TV stations. The mobile media world has already become fragmented in less than 5 years with multiple devices and multiple technologies, and mobile media is barely off the ground! The technology seems to be making a lot of things more complicated not less so. But it's fascinating to watch.
tags: mobile+technology & mobile+marketing & mobile & video+ipod& sony+psp& emap
Posted by Technokitten at 11/10/2005 10:01:00 am
Anonymous 11:06 am GMT
We launched a PSP version of our long-running games news website on September 1, 2005 -the day the PSP launched in Europe. It's not a downloadable 'pack', it's simply the existing website reformatted to be viewable on a PSP. As such, if something appears on the website, it appears on the PSP site. PSP users are automatically redirected if they hit the front page, and because we control the entire channel, we also control advertising on it.
Interestingly from a marketing point of view, the PSP's browser is powerful enough to display a graphic-rich page, but not powerful enough (or with insufficient support) to display Google's adwords.
http://www.news0r.com/psp/ looks exactly the same in a web browser or on a PSP - except the PSP has no ads. We can also track how many people actually read the site using a PSP browser as opposed to a web browser, and we do have a number of regular (daily!) reades who actually use a PSP to read the site. (Mind you, we also have regular i-mode users who read our i-mode version...)
I think advertising on PSP will come, but it will be through the more traditional web-based ad channels initially.
Technokitten 12:00 pm GMT
Thanks for the insight Tom. I haven't got round to getting a Sony PSP yet so I wasn't aware of the Google Adword issues.
I agree with you on the advertising potential though. I think it will mirror web models with "traditional" web format ads coupled with sponsored downloadable content.
Anonymous 4:48 pm GMT
It's not so much a Google issue as one for any ad supplier that relies on client-side javascript.
That said, we're experimenting with a few things at the moment, mostly from our end, such as interstitials and inline ads that lead to PSP ad pages (rather than to a seperate ad server), although we do allow direct linking from the PSP site to Amazon of someone wants to buy a game :) This also allows us to target very closely and track very clearly who clicks on what. For example, we know that we have readers whoa ctually use PSP every day to read the site, because we filter on the host header. The same goes for T-Mobile web'n'walk users - again, we filter based on known host headers of known devices. We only track if you're using a recognised hsot device (and for t-mobile at least, we can pre-check if you're a t-mobile customer when you hit the site)
I think the big issue here is that most traditional web advertising companies expect their viewers to be using a browser - so when you click, you get a web page. On the PSP if you click on an ordinary link you may or may not be able to see the page - and on a mobile device this is even worse.
On our t-mobile WAP site, all advertising (and there's only 1 ad at the moment, we're looking for more advertisers atm :) - but it does detect the handset and modify itself based on the device being used... ) is managed on our server, and all links go through to pre-checked WAP or WML-compliant sites.
And to that end we are looking much more closely at managing the ads within our channel ourselves, or even building a framework for advertisers to use when creating ad campaigns for mobile devices - so that the ad, the ad server and the ad destination are all suitable for the device being used.
As for sponsored content, we're fiddling with some ideas about auto-detecting mobile devices on the fly so we can tailor 'sponsored downloads' automatically :)
Technokitten 11:09 am GMT
Tom, that all sounds really interesting and it seems to me to be spot on in terms of what's needed going forward. Keep me posted with progress - I'm very interested to see how you get on with this.
Keep it clean please. Spam will be removed. And thank you for taking the trouble to read and comment. I appreciate it.
Air freshener for mobile phones
Starsight Project coverage in the Financial Times
Wanna know about students and how to market to them?
Calling all Kate Bush fans
Why isn't MTV selling truetones?
Wahey - The Starsight Project wins MDA Award
Spooks go mobile at the BBC
Swedish Beers - advance warning - 29 November 2005
Perfect Path up for top business blogging award
Alternative guide to the Electric Picnic 2005
Motofrwd college competition - US only
Riot.tones
I want one of these please

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


20% Cashback (Max Rs. 50) per transaction on Freecharge.
Just withdraw cash from YES Bank ATM and you will get a second slip mentioning the code.
Irrespective of the transaction amount/card issuing bank? Applicable only once per freecharge account?
I had used SBI Debit card to withdraw 2000/-. Applicable once per freecharge account.
Tried 2 ATMs, none was having the paper roll to print receipt.


Full list of all anime by the letter "A". The discussion and comments, description, series, seasons, episodes, anime.
I remember this, it was one of the first moe I ever watched back in 2012 which help start my four year nonstop anime binge. I remembered it cause I saw an image that looked like an older Tooru.
With 7:25 left in the show, it finally got to me how…"sorta…partially" understanding I was at first of Tooru's protectiveness of Run in the beginning…but now, it's really kinda gotten old, and I admit, I am a bit angry at Tooru – like in the scene above with 7:25 left…I mean, WHAT does She have so AGAINST Yuuko? Make that…against EVERYONE who tries to get close to Run? Baka, Tooru…SHE of ALL people should know that Run would be the FIRST to be there for Her, if Tooru ever needed Her. I know there are still two OVA's left, and I'm eager to watch them…but it just kinda irritated me in the last half of the Episodes that, throughout…and I've even checked this to be true with the Manga, Tooru is SO damned protective to the point of beating people with a metal bat, simply for having a Conversation with Run, and in NO WAY ever shown has it invoked a kind of feeling within Me when they say, "Those two really get along"…ANY type of humor or sarcasm or the like. In the end, yeah…Tooru's cute, Her seiyu freaking voiced Madoka, She can be humorous, and of course gotta love the DFC, SHIKASHI…She is definitely my LEAST favorite character in the Show.
Having said this, it still in no form really lowers the Anime's ranking that I would give, and that's a decent 7 out of 10. In the end, the "somewhat" side Characters, Nagisa, Yuuko, Yutaka and Miho prevail as my favorites over Run and Tooru altogether. I still totally love Run too though.
Tooru is a yandere for Run, thats why she acts the way she does around people she thinks might want to go into a romantic relationship with her. The reason she suspects Yuuko od this is the scene in the first episode when they first met where it looked like they were kissing.
Japanese animators, Japanese source material, but was aired in america and voice acting was done in English and was later released in Japan with Japanese subtitles. Which is why this anime has been up for debate on whether or not it is an anime at all.


text:
Oxford Art Online Grove Art Online
AllAuthorsArticle TitleHeadingsBibliographyOccupationImage CaptionAbbreviation
From 199619992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620182019
To 199619992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620182019
Single year 199619992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015201620182019
Any Baptism Birth Burial Death Floruit
Suprematism (1)
Graphic Design and Typography (2)
Scenography (2)
Southwestern and South Central Europe (2)
Futurism x
Books, Manuscripts, and Illustration x
Depero, Fortunato
Ester Coen
(b Fondo, Val di Non, Trentino, March 30, 1892; d Rovereto, Nov 29, 1960).
Italian painter, stage designer, illustrator, decorative artist and writer. After difficult years of study, during which he made his first artistic experiments, he travelled to Turin in 1910 and worked as an apprentice decorator at the Esposizione Internazionale. In spite of spending a year as apprentice to a marble-worker, on his return to Rovereto, he decided to become a painter, choosing subjects associated with Symbolism and social realism. Shortly after publishing Spezzature–Impressioni: Segni e ritmi (Rovereto, 1913), a collection of poetry, prose and illustrations, he moved to Rome, where he met Filippo Tommaso Marinetti at the Galleria Permanente Futurista, run by Giuseppe Sprovieri; through Marinetti he met the Futurists, with whom he exhibited at the same gallery in the spring of 1914 (see Furttenbach [Furtenbach; Furttembach], Josef [Joseph], the elder). This was followed by a one-man show at Trento in July 1914, which closed after a few days because of the outbreak of World War I. He succeeded in returning to Rome, where he was officially welcomed into the ...
Fillia
Daniela De Dominicis
[Colombo, Luigi]
(b Revello, Oct 4, 1904; d Turin, Feb 1, 1936).
Italian painter, sculptor and writer. He moved to Turin and in 1922 began his literary career by contributing to a booklet of poems entitled 1+1+1=1 Dinamite (Turin, 1922). He started painting as a self-taught artist, using his mother's surname as a pseudonym. In 1923 he founded the Turin Futurist group, whose other later adherents included the Bulgarian-born painter and architect Nicolay Diulgheroff (1901–82) and the Italian sculptor Mino Rossi (1904–63), with the publication of the manifesto Futurista torinese—Sindacati artistici. Through this group he assumed an important role in the 'second Futurism' (see Furttenbach [Furtenbach; Furttembach], Josef [Joseph], the elder).
The inspiration for Fillia's earliest paintings was 'mechanical life', which he portrayed by abstracting from the subject using geometrical forms and a lively range of colours. He was clearly aware not only of the work of Giacomo Balla and Fortunato Depero, but also of the contemporary Constructivist art promoted in the periodicals ...
Kruchonykh, Aleksey
Charlotte Humphreys
(Yeliseyevich)
(b Olevka, Kherson province, 1886; d Moscow, 1968).
Russian poet and critic of Ukrainian birth. He is best known for his creation of Russian Futurist books between 1912 and 1916 in collaboration with the avant-garde artists Natal'ya Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov, Kazimir Malevich and Ol'ga Rozanova. These books, some of which were written with Velimir Khlebnikov, are characterized by deliberate mistakes and misprints, bold handwriting or irregular typefaces and printed on differently textured paper or wallpaper. The accompanying illustrations were executed in a coarse and primitive style to match the harsh and dissonant tones of the poetry. The books include Igra v adu ('A game in Hell'; Moscow, 1912 and 1914), Mirskontsa ('The world backwards'; Moscow, 1912), Pomada (Moscow, 1913), Utinoye gnezdyshko…durnykh slov ('A duck's nest…of bad words'; St Petersburg, 1913), Te Li Le (St Petersburg, 1914), Zaumnaya kniga ('Transrational book'; Moscow, 1915), Voyna ('War'; Petrograd, 1915) and Vselenskaya voyna ('Universal war'; Petrograd, ...
Larionov, Mikhail
Anthony Parton
(Fyodorovich)
(b Tiraspol, Moldova, June 3, 1881; d Fontenay-aux-Roses, nr Paris, May 10, 1964).
Russian painter, stage designer, printmaker, illustrator, draughtsman and writer of Moldovan birth. He was a leader of the Russian avant-garde before World War I but came to prominence in the West through his work for Serge Diaghilev and the Ballets Russes. During the 1920s he played a significant role within the Ecole de Paris and continued to live and work in France until his death.
He was the son of Fyodor Mikhailovich Larionov, a doctor and pharmacist, and Aleksandra Fyodorovna Petrovskaya, but he grew up in his grandparents' home in Tiraspol. He completed his secondary education at the Voskresensky Technical High School in Moscow and in 1898 entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. Here he studied under Valentin Serov and Konstantin Korovin, and he also became friendly with Natal'ya Goncharova who was to remain his lifelong companion and colleague. Larionov's work soon caught the imagination of collectors and critics. In ...
Copyright © Oxford University Press 2020. Grove is a registered trademark.
Printed from Grove Art Online. Under the terms of the licence agreement, an individual user may print out a single article for personal use (for details see Privacy Policy).


The wonderfully popular Lions of Bath art installations will soon be leaving the city's streets. They are now officially for sale!
To raise money for local charities the Lions will be auctioned at two glamorous events on the 15th and 17th of October. For those unable to attend or who want to bid on a lion online, preview bids can be place right now on http://www.givinglots.co.uk .
Local artists have been wonderfully inventive in creating eye-catching works of public art using a lion sculpture as a canvas. Among the 103 lions captivating locals and visitors alike are a lion made to look like an Egyptian Pharaoh, one painted to look like the furthest reaches of the cosmos and a tribute to Michael Jackson. These spectacular artworks have been placed across Bath in a similar way to the successful King Bladud's pigs project of 2008. These are truly magnificent, collectible pieces of art from the likes of Sir Peter Blake, Nicola Donovan, Nick Walker, James Long and Emma Rose.
Funds raised from this auction will be donated to The Quartet Foundation, Off the Record and the Mayor of Bath's Relief Fund, giving a huge boost to the great work being done to support the area's most vulnerable people.


text:
Lifetime Mahalia Jackson Biopic
Watch Danielle Brooks Expertly Embody Mahalia Jackson in Lifetime's 'Robin Roberts Presents: MAHALIA' [Video]
Posted on April 1, 2021 - By Danielle Canada
Danielle Brooks is embodying an iconic songstress.
Source: Lifetime / Robin Roberts Presents: Mahalia
The Tony Award nominee, SAG, and Grammy® Award-winning actress is starring in Lifetime's gospel biopic "Robin Roberts Presents: Mahalia", premiering Saturday, April 3 at 8:00 pm ET/PT.
Ahead of its debut, clips have been released showing Danielle's portrayal of gospel legend and civil rights trailblazer Mahalia Jackson who sang at numerous rallies, including the March on Washington in 1963 alongside Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in hopes that her music would encourage and inspire racial equality.
In one clip Mahalia is seen struggling to decide whether or not to perform a the prestigious Carnegie Hall and at John F. Kennedy's inaugural ball. Her performance would end up being a momentous occasion and put her in front of a rare racially integrated audience. Still, Mahalia's not convinced she wants to do the performance and she's mulling over options.
In another clip, we see a tense moment when a traveling Mahalia is awoken at a gas station. Instead of stopping at a station that's safe for Black people, the group ends up face to face with a bigoted gas station attendant that begrudgingly takes their money and fills up their tank. In order to avoid a racist run-in, Mahalia smoothly pretends to be an overly polite lowly church missionary on the way to "do the Lord's work."
"See how I got to talk to the white folks like I ain't got no sense?" says Mahalia.
ABOUT ROBIN ROBERTS PRESENTS: MAHALIA
Born in New Orleans, Mahalia Jackson began singing at an early age and went on to become one of the most revered gospel figures in U.S. history, melding her music with the civil rights movement. Her recording of the song "Move on Up a Little Higher" sold millions of copies, skyrocketing her to international fame and gave her the opportunity to perform at diverse settings including in front of a racially integrated audience at the prestigious Carnegie Hall and at John F. Kennedy's inaugural ball. An active supporter of the Civil Rights Movement, Jackson sang at numerous rallies, including the March on Washington in 1963 alongside Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., in hopes that her music would encourage and inspire racial equality.
Mahalia directed by Tony® Award-winner Kenny Leon also features several Broadway stars including Tony® nominee Joaquina Kalukango (Slave Play), Jason Dirden (Fences), Olivia Washington (The Butler), and Rob Demery (Lovecraft Country).
From Rock'n Robin Productions and Lincoln Square Productions, Mahalia is executive produced by Robin Roberts and Linda Berman. Danielle Brooks and Kenny Leon are co-executive producers. Leon directs from a script written by Bettina Gilois and Todd Kreidler.
Will YOU be watching???
Categories: New Movie


text:
Bill Cosby's Release Could Have A Silencing Effect On Victims, Advocates Say
The news that Bill Cosby has been released from prison has enraged sexual assault victims' advocates and #MeToo activists.
Dozens of women going back decades accused Bill Cosby of sexual harassment and assault. In 2018, a jury found him guilty of three counts of aggravated indecent assault for drugging and sexually assaulting Andrea Constand at his home in Cheltenham, Pa., outside Philadelphia. On Wednesday, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court vacated the indecent assault conviction against him on a legal technicality.
"It's really sending shockwaves through our survivor community," Angela Rose, founder and president of Promoting Awareness Victim Empowerment, told NPR. In 2018, Rose supported Andrea Constand in the courtroom when Bill Cosby was convicted for sexual assault. "I fear that this is going to really hinder other survivors from coming forward."
The case against Cosby was seen as a milestone in the #MeToo movement. Attorney Gloria Allred, who has represented a number of alleged sexual assault victims, called the Pennsylvania Supreme Court's decision "devastating for Bill Cosby's accusers."
... [The court's decision] did not vindicate Bill Cosby's conduct and should not be interpreted as a statement or a finding that he did not engage in the acts of which he has been accused.
Some of Allred's clients testified in criminal cases against Cosby. She wrote that, despite the decision, "this was an important fight for justice, and even though the court overturned the conviction on technical grounds, it did not vindicate Bill Cosby's conduct and should not be interpreted as a statement or a finding that he did not engage in the acts of which he has been accused."
For many people, Cosby's friend and TV co-star Phylicia Rashad put salt on the wound when she tweeted enthusiastic support for the fallen comedian.
Phylicia Rashad tweeted support for Cosby then clarified
"FINALLY!!!! A terrible wrong is being righted- a miscarriage of justice is corrected!" Rashad, who played Clair Huxtable on The Cosby Show, exclaimed.
She later backpedaled, tweeting, "I fully support survivors of sexual assault coming forward. My post was in no way intended to be insensitive to their truth."
Rashad was recently appointed the dean of Howard University's College of Fine Arts. For Howard alumnus and New Yorker writer Jelani Cobb, Rashad's original comment was "astounding."
"That sets a particular tone for young women ... about what kind of reception they'd receive if they brought allegations of sexual assault at the university," Cobb told NPR.
Another Howard graduate, Soraya McDonald, agrees. McDonald, a culture critic for The Undefeated and contributor to NPR's Pop Culture Happy Hour, was shocked when she heard that Cosby had been released.
"My first response was really just sort of gutting disappointment once I realized this wasn't just like a rumor that was floating around on Twitter, but it had actually been confirmed," she told NPR.
Cosby was released on a legal technicality. In a "non-prosecution agreement," he was told he would not be prosecuted for criminal charges.
The seemingly swift decision reminded McDonald of the Heidi Schreck play What The Constitution Means To Me. "The theme of that work is about the different ways that women are basically left exposed and unprotected and sometimes just unseen by the Constitution," she said.
McDonald feels for the dozens of women who had "the bravery to come forward and say what happened to them, to testify in court, you know, to go through so much, just to see ... some measure of justice ... and then just have it be vacated. You know, it is devastating."
Women In Film, Los Angeles called Cosby's release "a setback in the fight for justice for sexual assault survivors." The statement from the nonprofit urged people "in a position of power in the screen industries to put an end to the culture of silence and acceptance that allowed Cosby to prey on so many women."


text:
bool passTest()
{
	return true;
}

bool failTest()
{
	return false;
}

struct test_case_container passing_test = {.test_case=&passTest, .failure_statement="Failure Statement For passTest()"};
struct test_case_container failing_test = {.test_case=&failTest, .failure_statement="Failure Statement For failTest()"};
extern struct test_case_container terminal_test_case;

bool TestingBuidAndTestStructure()
{
	#ifdef __DEBUG__
	printf("Debugging enabled!\n\r");
	#endif

	switch(_CURRENT_DBG_LVL_)
	{
		case (_DBG_LVL_LOW_):
			printf("Current debug level is _DBG_LVL_LOW_\n\r");
		break;
		case(_DBG_LVL_MEDIUM_):
			printf("Current debug level is _DBG_LVL_MEDIUM_\n\r");
		break;
		case(_DBG_LVL_UNIT_TEST):
			printf("Current debug level is _DBG_LVL_UNIT_TEST\n\r");
		break;
		case(_DBG_LVL_HIGH_):
			printf("Current debug level is _DBG_LVL_HIGH_\n\r");
		break;
		case (_DBG_LVL_VERBOSE_):
			printf("Current debug level is _DBG_LVL_VERBOSE_\n\r");
		break;
		default:
			printf("Current Debug Level set to unsupported value\n\r");
		break;
	}

	struct test_case_container allPassingTests[] =
	{
	passing_test,
	passing_test,
	terminal_test_case
	};

	struct test_case_container oneFailingTest[] =

	{
	passing_test,
	failing_test,
	terminal_test_case
	};

	if (true == RunTests(1, allPassingTests) && false == RunTests(1, oneFailingTest))
	{
		printf("All tests passed\n\r");
		return true;
	}
	printf("Some tests failed\n\r");
	return false;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	struct test_case_container CommonTests[] =
	{
		{.test_case=&TestingBuidAndTestStructure, 			.failure_statement="Build or Test Platform failure"},
		{.test_case=&TestBuildingIntRuntimeData, 			.failure_statement="Test Building Int Runtime Data failed"},
		{.test_case=&TestBuildingUnsignedIntRuntimeData, 	.failure_statement="Test Building Unsigned Int Runtime Data failed"},
		{.test_case=&TestBuildingFloadRuntimeData, 			.failure_statement="Test Building Float Runtime Data failed"},
		{.test_case=&TestBuildingBoolRuntimeData, 			.failure_statement="Test Building Bool Runtime Data failed"},
		{.test_case=&TestBuildingCharRuntimeData, 			.failure_statement="Test Building Char Runtime Data failed"},
		{.test_case=&TestBuildingInvalidRuntimeData,		.failure_statement="Test Building Invalid Runtime Data failed"},
		terminal_test_case
	};

	if (true == RunTests(_CURRENT_DBG_LVL_, CommonTests))
	{
		printf("All Tests Pass!\n\r");
		return 0;
	}

	printf("Some Test Failure\n\r");
	return 1;

}


text:
Takht: Vicky Kaushal begins with horse riding lessons for Karan Johar's multistarrer
Vicky Kaushal begins taking horse riding lessons for Karan Johar's multistarrer Takht. Taking to his Instagram handle, the actor shares a glimpse of his first encounter with the sport.
Written By Rhea Bahrani 43585 reads Mumbai Updated: January 16, 2020 08:33 am
Filmmaker Karan Johar has recently wrapped up his recce in Jaiselmer for his upcoming multistarrer Takht. The Karan Johar directorial stars Ranveer Singh, Vicky Kaushal, Alia Bhatt, Anil Kapoor, Janhvi Kapoor, and Bhumi Pednekar. The period drama revolves around the enmity between two brothers for succeeding their father's throne. Anil Kapoor plays the role of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan while Ranveer Singh and Vicky Kaushal play Dara Shukoh and Aurangzeb respectivity. While their father is torn between their hostility, the two brothers are blind in their hunger for power and authority.
Takht is expected to go on floors in no time. Director Karan Johar has wrapped his recce in Jaiselmer and is gearing up for another round of recce in Europe. Meanwhile, the actors have begun prepping for the film. Recently, Vicky Kaushal, who will be seen essaying the role of Aurangzeb in Takht, has shared a glimpse of his horse riding lessons. Taking to his Instagram handle, Vicky has shared a few pictures which show the actor all padded up, prepping for a horse ride. On the other hand, Janhvi Kapoor has also started learning Kathak dance form and Urdu language for her role in the magnum opus.
Check out Vicky's pictures:
Looks like the actor is bonding with his new friend before taking his horse riding lessons. Vicky is seen wearing a helmet and patting the horse. Directed by Karan Johar, Takht is slated for 2021 release. However, the release date has not been officially announced.
Also Read: Is Vicky Kaushal single? Bhoot star answers the burning question
Credits :Instagram
Takht
Vicky Kaushal thinks THIS about co star Alia Bhatt's role in Takht; Read on
Vicky Kaushal's role in Karan Johar's Takht reportedly rewritten to equal Ranveer Singh? Find Out


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The Camaro may have turned fifty this year, but this handsome high-performer isn't slowing down. In fact, the all-new ZL1 model of the iconic sports car sets a new record this model year, besting itself in power and performance. Whether on the street or the track, the 2017 Chevrolet Camaro in Springfield commands attention with its bold, athletic design, roaring engine and hard-to-beat performance. The Camaro also boasts variety of amenities, including the latest tech and safety features. No matter what you are looking for in your next sports car, the Camaro is bound to have a lot of it.
This model year, the Camaro is available in five trims: 1LT, 2LT, 1SS, 2SS and ZL1. With a variety of accessories and performance add-ons, including the popular 1LE performance package, buyers have a lot of power in customizing their Camaro. In celebration of its half-centennial, the sports car will also be offered in an Anniversary Edition, available on select models. Inside, 2017 Chevy Camaro reviews rave about the unmatched comfort and design in the ultra-refined cabin. Standard, users will enjoy an eight-way power driver's seat, keyless open and start, a 7-inch color touchscreen with Chevy MyLink radio and a built-in Wi-Fi hotspot. Select models are also equipped with an ambient lighting system, a heads-up display and an enhanced driver information center.
The Camaro has a variety of engine options, each combining top-of-the-line power and fuel efficiency. On LT and SS models, the engines are paired to either a six-speed manual (available with Active Rev Matching) or an eight-speed automatic with Active Fuel Management technology. The standard engine, a 2.0L turbo, delivers 275 horsepower and 295 lb.-ft. of torque while offering top-notch fuel numbers. For those seeking more power, the 3.6L V6 rated at 335 horsepower and 284 lb.-ft. of torque or the 6.2L V8 with 455 horsepower and 455 lb.-ft. of torque are both great options. Lastly, the fourth option, a LT4 6.2L V8 engine with tailored intake and exhaust features, is only available standard on the ZL1. Rated at 650 horsepower and 650 lb.-ft., 2017 Chevrolet Camaro reviews recommend pairing it with the all-new, paddle-shift 10-speed automatic.
When it comes to safety, the 2017 Chevy Camaro in Springfield has more available options than most other sports cars in its class. Standard, the Camaro is designed with a StabiliTrak stability control system, brake assist, a rear vision camera and Teen Driver Mode. Advanced driver assistance features, including rear park assist, side blind zone alert with lane change alert and rear cross traffic alert are optional.
Is the Chevrolet Camaro Ideal for You & Your Family?
Considering a new car take home in the Springfield area? If so, don't just take a look at the 2017 Nissan 370Z, Dodge Challenger, Ford Mustang and the Hyundai Genesis Coupe; be sure to look at the radiant 2017 Chevrolet Camaro as well. You could end up enjoying its excellent incar technologies and attention-grabbing looks among other qualities. Once you're done with our 2017 Chevrolet Camaro review and compare page, check out current Chevrolet factory offers.
We're a local Chevrolet car dealer where you can find cost-effective financial incentives - not only for the Chevrolet Camaro, but also for other new and pre-owned cars. We hope our point-by-point 2017 Chevrolet Camaro review helped you find the specifications you need to make a stress-free buying decision. You will surely be blown away when you visit Reliable Chevrolet to test drive the Chevrolet Camaro; we encourage you to come view the model upfront. Are you hoping to get a peek at its cabin amenities before your visit? See the embedded video.


text:
American Legion baseball: Gladstone wins 3rd straight state title
The Gladstone Indians American Legion baseball team poses after winning the Class A state championship with a 6-5 win over Trenton in 10 innings Saturday in Gladwin. The state title is Gladstone's third straight. (Jack Hall/Courtesy Photo)
GLADWIN — The Gladstone Indians are champions yet again.
Carson Shea delivered an RBI single with the bases loaded and two outs in the bottom of the 10th inning to break a 5-5 tie and give the Indians their third straight Class A American Legion baseball state championship with a 6-5 win over Trenton here Saturday.
"We're champions, that's all that matters," Shea said. "It was definitely a surreal, cool moment when all my friends dog-piled on top of me. It was kind of like a storybook ending for my high school career and Legion career. All in all, I'm just plain happy."
Shea's hit came two batters after Ben Kelly tied on the game on a chopper to third base with the bases loaded to score Blake Krouth when the throw from third to home went over the catcher's head. After Caden Alworden fouled off a pitch on a bunt attempt with two strikes, Shea finished the deal.
"I've been in that position so many times, whether it's been in high school or Legion," Shea said. "The worst thing than can happen is I get out and it's a tie game. High school baseball players love moments like that, and hopefully I'll be remembered as the guy that got the game-winning hit in the state championship."
His game-winning hit scored Cody Frappier, who was named tournament MVP.
Indians' manager Justin Jurek talked about winning three straight state titles and a fourth since 2014.
"I think it's a good feeing," he said. "It's a little bit of a different feeling every year. It's great for the kids who haven't got that experience yet to finally get one."
The Indians (20-7) held a 3-0 lead after scoring a run in the third and two in the fifth, but Trenton responded with a run in the sixth and tied the game with two runs in the seventh.
"We had our opportunities to put that game away, but it seemed like we could never get over that hump," Shea said.
The Tribe continued to ride that momentum to take a 4-3 lead in the top of eighth, but an RBI single by Gladstone's Dayton Bernson tied the game at 4 in the bottom half.
However, Trenton scored in the top of the 10th to take a 5-4 lead before the Indians rallied again.
"Resilient was the word I used for them to describe their performance the most," Jurek said. "For them to just keep going and going just kind of showed the character of our guys."
Jared Crow pitched eight strong innings for the Indians, surrendering four runs (three earned) on four hits while striking out four and walking three. Cooper Cavadeas pitched the final two innings in relief to get the win, striking out the side in the ninth.
"(Crow) was just extremely efficient," Jurek said. "He was just getting ahead of everyone. He had a lot of innings where he only threw single digit pitches, and he was just filling up the strike zone and getting outs after outs."
Parker Frappier had a huge day offensively, collecting four hits and an RBI. Shea and Bernson each added two hits and an RBI.
Shea is part of a strong core group of eight seniors that played their final game in an Indians' uniform.
"This was actually my first year," Shea said. "I didn't go out last year and kind of regret it. Last year I wanted to focus on basketball in the summer with it being my senior year, but this year I for sure needed to go out with my friends."
Jurek thought their experience was extremely helpful.
"We had a core group of seniors that really played well together and had a lot of experience," he said. "That helped a lot with our confidence. We had to win it through the loser's bracket the last couple years, so the guys came out with a little more fire this time and decided that's not something they wanted to do.
"These guys realized it was getting to be the end for a lot of them, and that got a little fire under them, realizing this was it. I think that helped a lot with experience and having an older team."
Marquette shuts out Kingsford 7-0
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Emanuel C. Lange	 Jan 8, 2022
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Cybercriminals are always looking for the next network to attack. A tiny little opportunity is all they need to strike. Network scan is handy to protect your network from their antics. You can use the data obtained from network!-->!-->!-->…
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Verizon Communications Inc. found using the ticker (VZ) now have 26 analysts covering the headline with the consensus suggesting a rating of "Hold". The range between the high target price and the low target price is between 71 and 52…
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through WILD KWINIKAJOHANNESBOURG, (ACJ News) - THE Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is expected to catalyze new business and promote Africa's digital economy. This is the sixth revision of IP and the…
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I verily believe an able pair of corduroys can, when feeling good, soak up ten pounds of water.
He whistled very softly to himself and sank his hands deep into the pockets of his corduroys.
The tanned stranger in corduroys, hickory shirt, and pinched-in hat of the range rider was Royal Beaudry.


text:
Q: POPUP window showing in android i have created a button in android and when clicking it would show the popup window..but the code doesnot work like that..it has no errors but not showing popup window...please helpme..here is my code
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    final RelativeLayout objrl = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.myrl);
    final Button objButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.mybutton);
    objButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            PopupWindow objPopupWindow = new PopupWindow(objrl, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, true);
            objPopupWindow.setAnimationStyle(R.drawable.background2);
            objPopupWindow.showAtLocation(objButton, Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL, 10, 10);
        }
    });

}

A: have you tried this : objPopupWindow.showAsDropDown(popupButton, 0, 0);
or try this http://rajeshandroiddeveloper.blogspot.in/2013/07/android-popupwindow-example-in-listview.html

A:  PopupWindow popupWindowDogs = popupWindowDogs();

called below function where they want ::-

 public PopupWindow popupWindowDogs() {

        // initialize a pop up window type
        PopupWindow popupWindow = new PopupWindow(this);

        // the drop down list is a list view
        ListView listViewDogs = new ListView(this);

        // set our adapter and pass our pop up window contents
        listViewDogs.setAdapter(dogsAdapter(popUpContents));

        // set the item click listener
        listViewDogs.setOnItemClickListener(new DogsDropdownOnItemClickListener());

        // some other visual settings
        popupWindow.setFocusable(true);
        popupWindow.setWidth(250);
        popupWindow.setHeight(WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT);

        // set the list view as pop up window content
        popupWindow.setContentView(listViewDogs);

        return popupWindow;
    }

A: I've found some strange stuff in your codes

*

*You've specified WRAP_CONTENT but haven't specified its content at all

*Pass a drawable as animation style to the setAnimationStyle method.

In my opinion if you specify a valid animation style and a content view, It should appear.

A: I think you missed this code inside the OnClickListener
objPopupWindow.setContentView(objrl);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis
Oana Borcan, Ola Olsson, Louis Putterman
School of Economics
Applied Econometrics And Finance
Centre for Behavioural and Experimental Social Science
It has often been observed that the emergence of states in a region is typically preceded by an earlier transition to agricultural production. Using new data on the date of first state emergence within contemporary countries, we present a global scale analysis of the chronological relationship between the transition to agriculture and the subsequent emergence of states. We find statistically significant relationships between early reliance on agriculture and state age in all sub-samples and also when we use alternative sources of data at different levels of geographical aggregation. A one millennium earlier transition to agriculture among non-pristine states predicts a 317-430 year earlier state emergence. We uncover differences in cases where states were imposed from outside or when they emerged through internal origination. The agriculture-state lag is on average 3.1 millennia in internally originated (including pristine) states, and 2.7 millennia in externally originated states. We also explore some of the mechanisms through which agriculture is believed to have influenced the emergence of states. Our results indicate that the rise of social classes was often an intermediate step towards the presence of early states.
Explorations in Economic History
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404
10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404
Borcan, O., Olsson, O., & Putterman, L. (2021). Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis. Explorations in Economic History, 82, [101404]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404
Borcan, Oana ; Olsson, Ola ; Putterman, Louis. / Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis. In: Explorations in Economic History. 2021 ; Vol. 82.
@article{0cbedf5c110c478a9c54cc2fe1384be0,
title = "Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis",
abstract = "It has often been observed that the emergence of states in a region is typically preceded by an earlier transition to agricultural production. Using new data on the date of first state emergence within contemporary countries, we present a global scale analysis of the chronological relationship between the transition to agriculture and the subsequent emergence of states. We find statistically significant relationships between early reliance on agriculture and state age in all sub-samples and also when we use alternative sources of data at different levels of geographical aggregation. A one millennium earlier transition to agriculture among non-pristine states predicts a 317-430 year earlier state emergence. We uncover differences in cases where states were imposed from outside or when they emerged through internal origination. The agriculture-state lag is on average 3.1 millennia in internally originated (including pristine) states, and 2.7 millennia in externally originated states. We also explore some of the mechanisms through which agriculture is believed to have influenced the emergence of states. Our results indicate that the rise of social classes was often an intermediate step towards the presence of early states.",
keywords = "Agricultural transition, States",
author = "Oana Borcan and Ola Olsson and Louis Putterman",
doi = "10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404",
journal = "Explorations in Economic History",
Borcan, O, Olsson, O & Putterman, L 2021, 'Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis', Explorations in Economic History, vol. 82, 101404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404
Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis. / Borcan, Oana; Olsson, Ola; Putterman, Louis.
In: Explorations in Economic History, Vol. 82, 101404, 10.2021.
T1 - Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis
AU - Borcan, Oana
AU - Olsson, Ola
AU - Putterman, Louis
N2 - It has often been observed that the emergence of states in a region is typically preceded by an earlier transition to agricultural production. Using new data on the date of first state emergence within contemporary countries, we present a global scale analysis of the chronological relationship between the transition to agriculture and the subsequent emergence of states. We find statistically significant relationships between early reliance on agriculture and state age in all sub-samples and also when we use alternative sources of data at different levels of geographical aggregation. A one millennium earlier transition to agriculture among non-pristine states predicts a 317-430 year earlier state emergence. We uncover differences in cases where states were imposed from outside or when they emerged through internal origination. The agriculture-state lag is on average 3.1 millennia in internally originated (including pristine) states, and 2.7 millennia in externally originated states. We also explore some of the mechanisms through which agriculture is believed to have influenced the emergence of states. Our results indicate that the rise of social classes was often an intermediate step towards the presence of early states.
AB - It has often been observed that the emergence of states in a region is typically preceded by an earlier transition to agricultural production. Using new data on the date of first state emergence within contemporary countries, we present a global scale analysis of the chronological relationship between the transition to agriculture and the subsequent emergence of states. We find statistically significant relationships between early reliance on agriculture and state age in all sub-samples and also when we use alternative sources of data at different levels of geographical aggregation. A one millennium earlier transition to agriculture among non-pristine states predicts a 317-430 year earlier state emergence. We uncover differences in cases where states were imposed from outside or when they emerged through internal origination. The agriculture-state lag is on average 3.1 millennia in internally originated (including pristine) states, and 2.7 millennia in externally originated states. We also explore some of the mechanisms through which agriculture is believed to have influenced the emergence of states. Our results indicate that the rise of social classes was often an intermediate step towards the presence of early states.
KW - Agricultural transition
KW - States
U2 - 10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404
DO - 10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404
JO - Explorations in Economic History
JF - Explorations in Economic History
Borcan O, Olsson O, Putterman L. Transition to agriculture and first state presence: A global analysis. Explorations in Economic History. 2021 Oct;82. 101404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2021.101404


text:
Prime Minister's Office of Malaysia > News > No one will be left out in the Economic Stimulus measures
No one will be left out in the Economic Stimulus measures
July 13, 2020 August 11, 2020 News
KUALA LUMPUR, July 13 – The government will ensure that no Malaysians are left out, especially the Below 40 (B40) group in the implementation of the Prihatin Rakyat Economic Stimulus Package (PRIHATIN).
Prime Minister Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin said there were more than 53 government agencies under the Economic Stimulus Implementation & Coordination Unit Between National Agencies (LAKSANA) to monitor the implementation of PRIHATIN nationwide.
"We will ensure that all groups, especially in Sabah and Sarawak, will not be left out in receiving the government's assistance to ease their burden in facing the COVID-19 pandemic," he said when answering a question from Kota Semarahan MP Rubiah Wang during today's parliamentary session.
The government has implemented the PRIHATIN stimulus package worth RM250 billion, PRIHATIN Supplementary package RM10 billion and the National Economic Recovery Plan (PENJANA) worth RM35 billion to reduce the impact of COVID-19.
Muhyiddin also said that due to the global health crisis, the government acknowledged the number of unemployed in the country would increase, but the government would ensure that its impact on the people would be reduced based on the initiatives implemented.
"The country's economic growth will experience a significant contraction in the second quarter due to the implementation of Movement Control Order, but our economy is expected to rebound in the third and fourth quarters after the reopening of the economy," he said.
The Department of Statistics Malaysia estimates the country's unemployment rate will rise to 5.5 per cent due to job losses brought about by COVID-19 pandemic.
Muhyiddin added that the government is in the midst of formulating various policies and strategies to restructure and strengthen the economy to address socio-economic development imbalances.
"This will be presented under the Twelve Malaysia Plan 2021-2025 in early next year," he said.
When asked by opposition leader Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim (PKR-Port Dickson) why the economic stimulus plan was not tabled in parliament as it involved large sums of money, Muhyiddin said, it was because the government was in a desperate situation, as faced by governments across the country due to the pandemic.
"At that time, the government only thought of what was best for the people and although it was not tabled, various initiatives had been carried out to ensure the people were protected. The Minister of Finance (Tengku Datuk Seri Zafrul Aziz) will table the full report in the nearest term, " he said.
The people will be cared for, come rain or shine – PM
PM Muhyiddin inspects implementation operation of PRIHATIN Package
All hands on deck to revive the economy – PM
Prime Minister launches digital dashboard developed by LAKSANA
Government vows to bring the country back to normal – PM Muhyiddin
PENJANA-EN


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