Both start out with Solomon gathering together armies of jinn (ie. genies) and men.
Both have Solomon searching for a bird and saying that he will kill it for disobeying his orders.
Both have the bird appearing and talking to Solomon about the Queen of Sheba.
Both have the Queen of Sheba worshipping some part of nature (ie. idolatry).
Both have Solomon sending a letter to the Queen of Sheba, and the Queen of Sheba asks for the advice of her nobles.
Both have the Queen of Sheba entering into a palace made of glass, and thinking it to be water, she lifts up her dress a bit.
Both have Solomon crying out to her that it is not water but glass when he sees the hair on her legs.
2. T & T Clark, Old Testament Theology, 38 George St. Edinburgh, pp. 24-29.
Dr. William Campbell, The Qur'an and the Bible, p. 204.
Edgar Hennecke and Wilhelm Schneemelcher (ed.) New Testament Apocrypha, 2 Vols; Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1963.
Internet: The Sources of the Koran, The Light Shines in the Darkness..., 2 parts.
A Jew, hearing that he had been born, asked to see the child. When he saw him, according to Ibn Sa'd, and "observed the mole on his back" – said to be a sign of the Prophet who was to come – he "fell into a swoon." When he came to, he explained: "The prophethood has gone from the Israelites and the Scriptures out of their hands. It is written that he will fight with them and will kill their scholars" – a rather revealing statement as an early Muslim view of Muhammad.
İbn Sa'd, Vol 1, 177, quoted in Robert Spencer, The Truth About Muhammad, p. 37.
What Is and Is Not a Lie in Islam?
W.L. Cati Married to Muhammad, pp. 54-55.
Reliance of the Traveler (p. 746) - "[it is] obligatory to lie if the goal is obligatory... Whether the purpose is war, settling a disagreement, or gaining the sympathy of a victim legally entitled to retaliate... it is not unlawful to lie when any of these aims can only be attained through lying. But is is religiously precautionary in all cases to employ words that give a misleading impression..."
The near absence of Qur'anic verse and reliable Hadith that encourage truthfulness is somewhat surprising, given that many Muslims are convinced that their religion teaches honesty. In fact, it is because of this ingrained belief that most Muslims are quite honest.
Finally, the circumstances by which Muhammad allowed a believer to lie are limited to those that either advance the cause of Islam or enable a Muslim to avoid harm to his well-being (and presumably that of other Muslims as well). Although this should be kept very much in mind when dealing with matters of global security, such as Iran's nuclear intentions, it is not grounds for assuming that the Muslim one might personally encounter on the street or in the workplace is any less honest than anyone else.
In Tunisia, a Mu'addib... a person who helps the families of the dead in their mourning by reciting the Qur'an over the graves of the dead relatives... when he spoke about Islam he made the following statement: "Our religion is based on the Qur'an and the Hadith, 50-50." One friend explained it this way, "The Qur'an gives basic doctrine. The Hadith shows the things which are not clear in the Qur'an and makes plain the decrees of the Qur'an." One İslamic writer says: "The Qur'an, the word of God revealed to Muhammad; and the Hadith, the teachings of the Prophet, are the two sources of Islam. The knowledge of this religion would be impossible apart from these two texts." Fazlur Rahman, in his book entitled Islam, makes the following statement about the Hadith: "If the Hadith as a whole is cast away, the basis for the historicity of the Qur'an is removed at one stroke." The logical conclusion is that the Qur'an, believed by every Muslim to be pure revelation, can only be proved and justified as pure revelation, by using the human ("human" in the sense that a human decision is involved as to whether it is a "weak" or a "strong" Hadith), less certain material from the Hadith. Dr. Bucaille recognizes this and discusses the subject in a short chapter on page 242 of his book (The Bible, The Qur'an and Science) and finds that even some strong Hadiths have severe scientific errors in them.
Dr. William Campbell, The Qur'an and the Bible, pp. 54-55 & 60-62.
Bukhari categorized his hadith in 4 groups.
sahih = "sound": There are no weak links in the chain of authorities, and the content is not inconsisitent with accepted Muslim belief.
hasan = "fair": The links in the chain of reporters are incomplete, or there is incomplete agreement about the reliability of the authorities.
da'if = "weak": Some of the transmitters of the tradition are not regrarded as reliable, or there are doubts about the content of the report.
maudu' = "forged or fabricated": Not trustworthy at all.
Dr. Ergun & Emir Caner, Unveiling Islam p. 97.
Colin Chapman, Cross and Crescent, p. 105.
Robert Spencer, The Truth about Muhammad, pp. 25-26.
Keith Swartley, Ed., Encountering the World of Islam, p. 85.
Dr. William Campbell, The Qur'an and the Bible, p 55.
Dr. John Ankerberg, Fast Facts on Islam, p. 50.
Robert Spencer, The Truth About Muhammad, p. 26.
"My community will never agree uppn an error." Book 35, no. 4240.
Robert Spencer, The Truth About Muhammad, pp. 24-27.
Dr. Ergun & Emir Caner, Unveiling Islam, p. 97.
Dr. William Campbell, The Qur'an and the Bible, p. 54.
Al-Hijr 15:9.....We have, without doubt, sent down the Reminder, and We preserve it.
Dr. William Campbell, The Qur'an and the Bible, p. 55.
Bukhari, Sahih, Kitab al-Shahada, No 29, as noted in J.W. Sweetman. Islam and Christian Theology, Part One, Bol. II, Lutterworth Press, London, 1947, p. 139.
Dr. William Campbell, The Qur'an and the Bible, p. 68.
Bukhari, vol. 4, book 56, no: 2818.....Know that Paradise is under the shades of swords (Jihad in Allah's cause).
Robert Spencer, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades), p. 111.
Robert Spencer, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades), p. 122.
Bukhari vol. 1, book 2, no: 13.....None of you will have faith till he likes for his (Muslim) brother what he likes for himself. P. 227.
(The Muslim version of the Golden Rule extends only to fellow Muslims, not to unbelievers).
Robert Spencer, The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades), p. 217.
Bukhari 4:537.....If a housefly falls in the drink of anyone of you, he should dip it (in the drink), for one of its wings has a disease and the other has the cure for the disease.
Bukhari 5:275.....Muhammad said, 'As for the child, if the man's discharge preceedes the woman's discharge, the child attracts the similarity of the man, and if the woman's discharge preceedes the man's, then the child attracts the similarity of the woman'.
Bukhari 7:590.....The prophet ordered them to follow his camels, and drink their milk and urine, so they followed the camels and drank their milk and urine, till their bodies became healthy.
Fever = The Heat of Hell?
Bukhari 7:636.....the effect of an evil eye is a fact.
Bukhari 7:747.....If you want to put on your shoes, put on the right shoe first, and if you want them off, take the left one first.


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text:
'FOREVER YOUNG' SINGER IS OUT WITH A NEW ALBUM
By Christine Ross
Zoomer fans of Rod Stewart will be happy to hear the singer has a new album out called "Blood Red Roses." The 73-year-old rocker says his songs are simple tales and not full of imaginary scenarios. Stewart says he just writes stories that have a beginning, a middle and an end. That's what he did for his new album. Stewart says he's had an amazing run of success adding he makes albums for a few friends who appreciate his music. Rod Stewart's tour brings him to Toronto's Scotianbank arena March 22nd.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A Delta Air Lines jet took off from Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport in Arlington, Va. in July 2014. Two of the airline's flight attendants reportedly got into a fist fight on a Los Angeles-to-Minneapolis flight on Jan. 22.
ATLANTA » Delta Air Lines is apologizing to passengers after a confrontation between two flight attendants last month led pilots to make an unscheduled landing halfway through the trip.
The airline says the actions of the crew members didn't reflect the professionalism expected of employees.
The Aviation Herald, a website that tracks accidents and other incidents involving planes, said Delta flight 2598 was headed from Los Angeles to Minneapolis on Jan. 22 when two flight attendants got into a fist fight and the captain decided to land in Salt Lake City.
The Herald said the plane stayed on the ground for more than an hour before resuming the flight to Minneapolis.
In a statement, Delta confirmed basics of the account. It said it sent a letter of apology to the plane's passengers.
Live entertainment, no extra charge. Thanks Delta.
that's hilarious. wish I'd been on that flight. no cell phone video?
Now if we could have a live boxing match between Manny and…, on the flight.
Reminds me of when I was in the tenth grade. The cafe had a food fight where I saw a taco flying right over me.
Well the airline are going back to offering perks, so get ready for a bag of pretzels flying by your ear.
Apologies with money. Talk is cheap.
need to review your HR tactics of hiring… the whole process is arduous at best.
Snapping in the air. Sooner or later they get on each others nerve.


The first two articles in this series on Understanding Debt focused on reading your credit card statement and improving your credit score. This final article in the series outlines ways to help you pay off your debt.
As with the previous two articles, we'll focus on credit card debt. For many, this easily accumulated debt can imperil their financial lives.
If unpaid balances on your credit cards are a part of your financial life, read on to learn steps to take control and pay them off.
Gather the most recent credit card statements for all of your credit cards. Include national credit cards such as VISA and MasterCard and department store cards such as Macy's and Penney's. You should also include other types of store credit such as credit from furniture stores or for appliances that were bought on credit but for which you do not actually have a credit card.
For this exercise do not include auto loans, home mortgages, or equity lines of credit on your home.
Enter the information in the first section of the worksheet, noting from each statement the name of the Creditor, the Total Owed, the Interest Rate, and the Minimum Payment that is due each period. Once you have the details for each creditor entered, total up the amounts in columns 2, 3 and 4.
In the second section of the worksheet you will prioritize the order in which you'll eliminate the balance from each card.
There are two approaches that you may consider to prioritize your payoffs. Each has its merits.
List your debt in order based on interest rate, from highest to lowest.
Paying off your highest interest rate debt has the most financial advantage, because this debt is the most expensive to you.
List your debt by account balance from lowest, up to highest.
Paying off the cards with the lowest balance may serve as a psychological incentive because you will reduce the number of cards with a balance, and therefore see progress faster.
Pick one method, fill in the form, and then move on to the final step.
Use the third section of the worksheet to enter the names of the creditors, in the same order as you did in the second section.
Look at the total for the Minimum Payment. Can you afford to pay more each month? For example, if your monthly credit card expense is $1,682, can you afford an extra $200 toward your debt each month, for a total of $1,882?
If you answered yes, and continuing with the example, add the extra $200 to the minimum amount of your first priority card, and enter that amount in the top of column 2. For the remaining cards, enter the minimum amount in column 3.
Each month, pay the minimum amount, plus $200 on card 1, and the minimum amounts on the rest of your credit card debt. Once you pay off card 1, take those funds and add them to what you are paying on card 2.
Because you made a commitment to pay $1,882 each month toward your debt, you will always add the total payment from the creditor you just paid off to the next creditor on the list. When you reach your last creditor, you will be paying the full $1,882 to that creditor each month until you no longer owe anyone!
A word of caution: This method works, IF you stop accumulating more debt. You must change the habits that got you into debt, by managing your spending and not spending more than you are earning.
If you need additional assistance establishing a budget and paying off your debt, let us help. Contact MMBB Financial Services at 800.986.6222 and ask to speak to a Certified Financial Planner Professional, or send an email to financialplanning@mmbb.org.


text:
DeQuincy High names new assistant principal
August 28, 2022 DeQuincy News News 0
By Dustin Royer
Dr. Michael Duff has been chosen the assistant principal of DeQuincy High School. Dr. Duff has worked in education for 17 years and most recently was the Dean of Students at F. K. White Middle School in Lake Charles. He has previously taught business, mathematics, robotics, science, and world geography.
Dr. Duff holds Bachelor of Science, Master of Arts in Teaching, and Master of Education degrees from McNeese State University and a Doctor of Education from Lamar University. He is also a member of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity and the Blue Key National Honor Fraternity.
Dr. Duff and his wife Kimberly make their home in Moss Bluff, where they raise their three children.
Special meeting for Ward 6 Fire District
DeQuincy takes down LaGrange 21-12


Ever want to confirm that a port is accessible from one computer to another? There's a PowerShell cmdlet for that, Test-NetConnection. With the -Port option, this cmdlet will do a quick TCP three-way handshake on the remote system to confirm that the service is available and reports back if it succeeded or not. Check out that last line of output TcpTestSucceeded: False. That indicates that this port is not accessible. You can see, however, that the system is reachable via ICMP (Ping), PingSuceeded: True so we know that the remote system is alive, just not listening on the port we want to access.
In PowerShell Core, there's a Test-Connection which in version 6.0 supports basic ICMP ECHO functionality. In version 6.1, a -TcpPort option was added for testing connectivity to a port. The current implementation of the v6 cmdlet returns a Boolean based on the reachability of the port.
If you really want to get under the hood and learn how networking…works. Check out my LFCE: Advanced Linux Networking course. In this course, we cover IP addressing, routing, TCP internals and troubleshooting. We use the Linux command line, not PowerShell, but it really shows you how things move around a network. It's one of my most popular courses.
This entry was posted in Networking, Powershell and tagged Networking, PowerShell on November 20, 2018 by Anthony Nocentino.
Speaking at PowerShell Summit 2018!
I'm proud to announce that I will be speaking at PowerShell + DevOps Global Summit 2018 on the conference runs from April 9th 2018 through April 12th 2018. This is an incredible event packed with fantastic content and speakers. Check out the amazing schedule! All the data you need on going is in this excellent brochure right here!
PowerShell Core is about choice and the transport layer for remoting is one of those choices. In this session we'll look at remoting in Multiplatform environments, configuring both OpenSSH and WinRM based remoting and how we can leverage remoting to really scale up our administrative capabilities.
I look forward to seeing you there. If you're on the fence about registering, don't wait! Click here and do so now. It's selling out fast!
This entry was posted in Linux, Powershell, Training and tagged Linux, PowerShell, Training on January 27, 2018 by Anthony Nocentino.
So I've been using dbatools for automated restore tasks and came across a SQL Server Agent job that I wrote that was reporting success but the job was actually failing.
What I found was the function I used, Restore-DbaDatabase, was not able to access the path that I was trying to restore databases from. The Restore-DbaDatabase function, and all dbatools functions according to the dbatools team on Slack, will throw a Warning rather than an Error by design.
When scheduling PowerShell scripts using dbatools in SQL Server's Agent, we need use the SQL Agent Subsystem CmdExec so we can load in additional modules. So we'll have a SQL Agent job step that looks like this.
Now, you see that line "Process exit code of a successful command" and it's set to 0, we'll that's the first thing that I tested. I wanted to see if the warning generated by Restore-DbaDatabase returned a non-zero value…it didn't it returns 0. You can check this by checking %ERRORLEVEL% when running the PowerShell script defined in this job step's command box at the command line.
These scripts are very small, most only do one thing…restore a database. So I want them to report failure when something goes wrong, so how can we get that warning to cause the SQL Agent job to report failure?
Doing this will cause the script to stop executing when it hits the warning and then the job will report failure.
Our next option is to use the -Silent parameter on our Restore-DbaDatabase function call. The -Silent parameter cause the warnings in our script to report as errors.
Both of these options cause the return value of our CmdExec subsystem's call to the powershell.exe to return 1…which will cause our Agent job to report failure. This is exactly what I want!
One other thing I tested, both of these options cause the script to stop at the point of the error. When using -Silent, the function returns what it tried to do to standard output. When using $WarningPreference I did not get that output.
Thanks to Friedrich Weinmann and Shawn Melton for helping me sort this all out!
This entry was posted in Powershell, SQL and tagged PowerShell, SQL on September 11, 2017 by Anthony Nocentino.
This past year has certainly been interesting in the world of Linux. Microsoft has taken a new strategy and is embracing the open source model. It's releasing it's key software products with versions for Linux. It's truly a remarkable time. In this post I want to highlight some of the bigger events and cover what does this mean to you and where you can go do get some training on these topics.
Microsoft becomes a Platinum Member in the Linux Foundation – this means Microsoft is committing itself to a long term investment in the Open Source community and continuing to develop open source software. Don't believe me on the Open Source thing…well check out their GitHub repo. Who would have seen this coming?
.NET Core – Literally you can build native .NET applications to run on any platform, Windows, Linux, Mac…Docker!
bash Ubuntu on Windows – One of the primary reasons I bought my first Mac years ago was I wanted a bash shell, well now I'm not tied to this hardware anymore.
Visual Studio Code – With all this cross platform stuff, you'll need a consistent development environment, VS Code runs on Windows, Linux and Mac. And it's darn nice too. Very extensible with many languages available.
PowerShell Core – Microsoft adds another management tool to your tool belt with this. Windows, Linux and Mac…can be managed all with one Language. For me, this was mind blowing, I got to do a training video with literally the inventor of PowerShell Jeffrey Snover and MVP Jason Helmick! I blogged about PowerShell a bit too.
So what's this mean to you? Get out there and start learning about this stuff and discover how it can impact you. In the coming years new solutions are going to be developed using these components and it's upon you to train yourself and learn how to leverage these tools to solve problems.
I've spent the last year developing some fun training at Pluralsight I think you should check out. The training is based on the Linux Foundation Certified Engineer curriculum and takes you from installation up to a running Linux system.
Understanding and Using Essential Tools for Enterprise Linux 7 – If you're new to Linux, start here! This will course will help you install Linux and get oriented with the operating system and the command line interface.
LFCE: Advanced Linux Networking – Your systems don't stand alone, in this course you'll dive deep into how data moves between Linux systems. Protip, these concepts apply to Windows systems too.
LCFE: Network and Host Security – My newest course, let's learn how to secure our Linux systems from both the networking and host perspective. We'll cover security concepts and architectures, securing Linux services and take a deep dive into OpenSSH and remote access.
LFCE: Linux Service Management – HTTP Services – I'm currently developing a course on HTTP Services – you'll learn how to install, configure and manage Apache.
More to follow – announcements coming up soon! I can't wait to tell you what's next.
So go ahead, get digging in there learn download Linux (yes, I prefer CentOS), install SQL Server and PowerShell and start moving your skills towards where the technology is going to take you!
This entry was posted in LFCE, Linux, SQL and tagged LFCE, Linux, PowerShell, SQL, Training on June 24, 2017 by Anthony Nocentino.
This is going to be awesomeness…Yep, I said awesomeness, when I'm finished you'll agree that's about the only way to describe this.
I do want to point out that we're using Beta software here, things change. The version of PowerShell I'm using here is Version 6 Beta 2.
Up first, let's cover the simplest remoting case, where we use remoting to get a command line interface to a remote system.
Nothing special here, simple syntax, but the seasoned PowerShell remoting pro will notice that we're using a new parameter here -HostName. Normally on Windows PowerShell you have the -ComputerName parameter. Now, I don't know exactly why this is different, but perhaps the PowerShell team needed a way to differentiate between OpenSSH and WinRM based remoting. Further, Enter-PSSession now has a new parameter -SSHTransport which at the moment doesn't seem to do much since remoting cmdlets currently use OpenSSH by default. But if you read the code comments here, it looks like WinRM will be the default and we can use this switch parameter to specify SSH as the transport.
Once we execute this command, you'll have a command prompt to the system that passed as a parameter to -HostName. The prompt below indicates you're on a remote system by putting the server name you're connected to in square brackets then your normal PowerShell prompt. That's it, you now have a remote shell. Time to get some work done on that server, eh? Want to get out of the session, just type exit.
So, in PowerShell, when you exit from a remoting session your session goes away. So any work, variables or program state you had will disappear. But what if we wanted to keep our session's state, log out and log back into that session again? We can leverage sessions to help us persist our remote sessions. We can create a session connect and disconnect from it at will. So let's check that out.
We create a new session by calling New-PSSession. This will start up the remoting session just like we did with Enter-PSSession, via SSH, but we won't attach to the remote terminal. The output we do get from New-PSSession shows us the details of the session created. We use Get-PSSession to get a list of all current sessions.
We can connect to an existing session with Enter-PSSession. If there are multiple entries in your session list…just use the correct Id from the session list to identify the session you want to connect to.
Now, when you exit from this session with the exit command, your session will persist. Let's use Get-PSSession to see.
Cool, our session is still there, let's reuse it. This time we're going to assign it to a variable this time. This will keep our command line syntax simple in the upcoming examples.
We can use PowerShell remoting to execute a command against a remote system, so let's look at the simplest case…just one command. Here you can see, we're using the Invoke-Command cmdlet to execute the Get-Process command on the remote system and it's output returns to our console. Here we have the top 5 processes by CPU on the remote system.
Now, let's add one more session to our list of sessions. With a new session to server2.
New-PSSession just returns the session created, so let's get a list of all of the sessions with Get-PSSession. There you can see our two remoting sessions are currently opened the new session has a new Id.
This time, let's take both our sessions and save them to a variable. We're going to reuse $s.
Now to the amazing part…let's run a command against a collection of remote systems.
This example brings up a very interesting point in PowerShell remoting, everything inside the curly braces of the Invoke-Command call happens on the remote system. This means, all the sorting and processing is remote, the remote systems deal with all the computational aspects and less data has to traverse the network. There's a deeper topic of serialized objects we'll cover in a later post. Now the output from these systems comes back to your console as fast as it comes back, so there's really no order here. So you might get a list of data that's all commingled. But we can control that by sorting locally. Let's look at that.
Now, let's say you want to get the top 5 processes across all the systems in your sessions list, easy enough.
We move the sorting to the pipeline on our local system, notice the Invoke-Command call is going to return the entire process list from all machines, then it will sort the data locally and output to the local console. So you can see in this list here we have the top 5 processes across our two systems. Imagine you had a web farm of servers and you needed to chase down a bad process fast, this would be useful, right?
And that's it, so like I said in my very first post about my PowerShell journey, it's become a part of my every day life and techniques like this are at the core of how I use PowerShell.
This entry was posted in Linux, Powershell and tagged Linux, PowerShell on June 12, 2017 by Anthony Nocentino.
So in my last post I told you about how I started my journey on learning PowerShell, let's keep going down that path together. In this post I'm going to introduce PowerShell Remoting in Multi-Platform Environments, specifically using OpenSSH. We'll discuss WinRM in multi-platform systems in an upcoming post.
Have you ever had to execute a command against one system or a collection of systems? Have you ever wanted a remote shell on a Windows system? Using Remoting you can you can do all of these things, very, very easily.
So for our first stop, let's talk about how remoting works. Essentially what's occurring under the hood is a PowerShell process on one system is sending commands to a PowerShell process on another system then the remote system sends the output back. Easy enough, right? Let's dig into to how it exchanges information.
The PowerShell processes exchange messaged defined in the PowerShell Remoting Protocol (PSRP). PSRP defines semantics of the communication and types of message being exchanged. Now these messages need a transport layer, for that we have WinRM and OpenSSH. Let's look at both.
By default, Windows PowerShell systems Remoting connections communicate using WinRM which uses HTTP/S endpoints. WinRM is an implementation of the WS-Management industry standard. WS-Man defines the semantics of the interactions between the systems and data transfer. PowerShell encapsulates its PSRP messages and uses WinRM to transport them between systems.
On Linux systems, well…they don't communicate with WinRM, by default, so we need something else…that's where OpenSSH comes in. PowerShell encapsulates it's inputs and outputs as PSRP messages and it uses SSH to securely exchange the messages between systems.
The PowerShell team has implemented WinRM over HTTP remoting on Linux and already has a port of OpenSSH on Windows. The key idea going forward is…we will have a choice, we can use WinRM (HTTPS) or we can use SSH regardless of OS. For the rest of this post, we're going to talk remoting over OpenSSH, even on the Windows side of things. We'll discuss WinRM in multi-platform systems in an upcoming post.
For starters, go ahead and install PowerShell Core your systems if you haven't already, its pretty straightforward check out this link here.
Next, on Windows we need to install OpenSSH and the PowerShell team has developed a Win32 port of OpenSSH. So go check that out here. I'm going to be honest, the installation isn't easy. But I'm going to let you in on a secret, Darwin Savoy wrote a killer Chocolatey package that does the hard work for you. Check that out here. You'll want to use the following syntax to install OpenSSH as a service.
Now on Linux, just about every distribution includes an OpenSSH installation their default setup…so we're not going to cover that here.
Wether it's Windows or Linux, we need to tell OpenSSH about PowerShell and we can do that with a subsystem configuration.
On a Windows system we'll need a line like this in SSH daemon configuration file C:\Program Files\OpenSSH\sshd_config. Find the subsystem section and add this line.
On a Linux system we'll need a line like this one in /etc/ssh/sshd_config. Find the subsystem section and add this line.
Basically what's going on here is we're telling OpenSSH to invoke a PowerShell process when it receives a message from a remote system that's says it's going to use the PowerShell subsystem. So SSH is just the conduit for these two PowerShell processes to communicate their inputs and outputs.
When you're finished editing these files, you'll want to restart the SSH daemons on your system…Windows or Linux.
Now here's the thing…before you move on…test your SSH connections. You will absolutely go crazy if there's an issue with your SSH configuration and you try using PowerShell Remoting right away. If there's an issue, PowerShell will happily swallow OpenSSH's errors and you'll get no feedback. Simply grab your favorite SSH client and try to connect to the systems right now and verify you can connect and get a command line. Things will be a lot easier for you before you try to use remoting.
Up next in this series we'll look at some remoting use cases, specifically using a command line interface, executing commands against remote a remote system and executing commands against a collection of remote systems.
This entry was posted in Linux, Powershell and tagged Linux, PowerShell on May 25, 2017 by Anthony Nocentino.
Why do I use PowerShell?
Well, here's a little back story…last year I was involved in a Pluralsight Play by Play with Jason Helmick and Jeffrey Snover for launch of Open PowerShell on Linux and Mac. Before this video, I didn't take PowerShell seriously. Basically, if I Google'd a problem and found a solution in PowerShell I would grind my teeth and copy and paste the text into the foreign blue console and cross my fingers.
Fast forward a bit to PowerShell Summit this year, Jason and I were slated to do a session together on…PowerShell on Linux. I had to miss the trip to Seattle this year, but during the session Jason told a story a story about me learning PowerShell…check it out here around 28:27. Its pretty funny.
If you don't want to listen to Jason's story, it goes like this. I needed to learn PowerShell…FAST. I had only a few weeks to build my skills enough so that I could sit at a table with the inventor of PowerShell and an industry recognized expert and have a meaningful conversation and oh yea, record a 5 hour training video. So as Jason says I "did the Don Jones/Jeff Hicks thing" (there's a newer version available now) .
Well, having a UNIX background I understood the concepts of a pipeline. UNIX processes have had pipelines for a long time. Byte streams can move data from one command to the next allowing you to build more complicated commands. PowerShell can do the same, but it moves objects…rather than text/byte streams.
Well, while learning PowerShell I built a PowerShell cmdlet pipeline to get the top 10 processes on a system sorted by CPU.
So, I worked through these examples and I fired up my email client and sent an email to Jason and said hey Jason…here's two commands that do the same thing. One in PowerShell and one in native bash commands. I asked…hey, which one do you think I like better?
As we learned in the PowerShell Summit video, he expected me to answer with my crotchety, suspenders wearing UNIX guy answer…well he was in for a surprise. I told him I liked the first one better…the PowerShell version.
Now hear me out, I've been using Linux/UNIX since 1997, I manage large internet commerce sites through the holiday season, I've done PhD level research on topics like IO, CPU scheduling and memory management…literally my fingers can type the bash commands to get the top 10 processes without even thinking…muscle memory to the max. BUT, the PowerShell version of this literally reads like a sentence. Get-Process, Sort-Object, Select-Object, pretty straight forward stuff here. No surprises. the commands do exactly what they say. This means, I can put stuff like this in a script, and other people can read it without 20 years of experience.
Well, since the Play By Play, PowerShell isn't the Google the answer…copy/paste solution anymore for me…I've decided to really take this seriously and PowerShell is now a go to tool in my toolbox. I'm not telling you this because I'm a Microsoft MVP, I'm not telling you this because I did a video with THE PowerShell gurus…I'm telling you this because I really use PowerShell now…every day.
This post is the first post in a series I plan on bring to you that will document my discovery process of using PowerShell on Linux. We'll discuss the techniques and technologies I use to solve some real world problems in a multi-platform world!
Now, there's two things I really consider special about my first go with PowerShell…asynchronous job posting via Remoting and Desired State Configuration (DSC). We'll cover these topics in this series.
This entry was posted in Linux, Powershell and tagged Linux, PowerShell on May 8, 2017 by Anthony Nocentino.


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text:
\section{Introduction}

The spin dynamics in unconventional non $s$-wave superconductors is
of fundamental interest due to its interesting and peculiar
properties. This includes a non-trivial behavior of the magnetic
part of the Knight shift in the spin-triplet superconductors
\cite{woellfle}, as well as an emergence of the so-called resonance
peak observed in superconducting layered cuprates \cite{bourges}
which possesses spin-singlet $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave order parameter
symmetry. Furthermore, magnetic excitations are also often
considered as a possible glue for the Cooper-pairing in a number of
heavy-fermion and transition metal oxides compounds.

An analysis of the feedback effect of superconductivity on the magnetic spin
susceptibility can be used to determine the symmetry of the superconducting
order parameter. This is of particular significance for recently discovered
water intercalated sodium cobaltate superconductor \cite{Takada2003},
Na$_x$CoO$_2 \cdot y$H$_2$O, where the origin of superconductivity as well as
an underlying symmetry of the superconducting order parameter is currently
under debate. The studies of the specific heat
\cite{Cao2003,Lorenz2004,Yang2005,Jin2005} and the $\mu$SR measurements of a
magnetic penetration depth \cite{Kanigel2004} have revealed a line of nodes in
the superconducting gap function $\Delta_{\bf k}$. Similar conclusion has been
made based on the measurements of the spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1T$ by
means of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR), where absence of the
characteristic Hebel-Slichter peak and power-law decrease upon decreasing
temperature has been observed
\cite{Fujimoto2004,Ishida2003,Zheng2006,Ihara2006,Michioka2006}.
Simultaneously, the developing of the strong antiferromagnetic (AFM)
fluctuations above superconducting transition temperature, $T_c$, have been
found. At the same time, early reports on the Knight shift's temperature
dependence, $K(T)$, have suggested a spin-triplet symmetry of the
superconducting gap \cite{Kato2005,Ihara2006_2}. In these Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance (NMR) experiments, $K(T)$ was shown to be anisotropic for external
magnetic field applied parallel or perpendicular to the $ab$-plane. In
particular, $K_c(T)$ component has not shown a substantial decrease below
$T_c$. This behavior has been interpreted in favor of the odd-parity
Cooper-pairing in sodium cobaltates
\cite{Tanaka2003,Motrunich2004,Kuroki2004,Johannes2004,Kuroki2005,Mochizuki2005}.
However, the most recent NMR experiments with higher precision have found a
reduction of both Knight shift components as a function of temperature for
$T<T_c$ \cite{Zheng2006_2,Kobayashi2006}. These experiments points towards
spin-singlet Cooper-pairing.

From the group-theoretical analysis the even-parity symmetries of
the lowest harmonics for the triangular lattice are classified
according to $s$-wave ($\Delta_{\bf k}=\Delta_0$), extended-$s$-wave
($\Delta_{\bf k}=2/3 \Delta_0 [\cos{k_y} + 2 \cos{(k_x \sqrt{3}/2)} \cos{(k_y/2)}]$),
$d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave
($\Delta_{\bf k}=\Delta_0 [\cos{k_y} - \cos{(k_x \sqrt{3}/2)} \cos{(k_y/2)}]$),
$d_{xy}$-wave
($\Delta_{\bf k}=\Delta_0 [\sqrt{3} \sin{(k_x \sqrt{3}/2)} \sin{(k_y/2)}]$),
and $d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$-wave representations \cite{Mazin2005}.
For both $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave and $d_{xy}$-wave
symmetries $\Delta_{\bf k}$ has line of nodes at the Fermi surface.
Moreover, the time-reversal symmetry is broken for
$d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$-wave state.

For the pure trigonal symmetry of the CoO$_2$-plane, all three $d$-wave states
are degenerate. However, due to the absence of nodes $d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$-wave
seems to be most energetically favorable. Until now, a breaking of
time-reversal symmetry has not been observed in experiment
\cite{Higemoto2004,Higemoto2006}. Generally, the combined influence of the
impurities and some competing instabilities, such as Cooper-pairing in a
secondary channel as well as the lattice symmetry breaking, can lift the
degeneracy between these three $d$-wave competing ground states
\cite{Florens2005}. This may indeed be the case for sodium cobaltates where Na
arrangement introduces disorder at $x=0.33$ concentration
\cite{Zandbergen2004}. More sophisticated theories, involving multi-orbital
model for sodium cobaltates, suggest two different gap symmetries (one of which
is $d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$) for two different Fermi surface topologies
\cite{Mochizuki2007}.

Obviously, there is still a controversy on the symmetry of the
superconducting order parameter in sodium cobaltates. In present
study we systematically analyze the influence of the superconducting
(SC) gap symmetry and the electronic structure on the dynamical spin
susceptibility in Na$_x$CoO$_2$$\cdot y$H$_2$O. In particular,
assuming spin singlet $s$-wave and $d$-wave symmetries of the
superconducting order parameter we have calculated the real and the
imaginary part of the magnetic response as a function of the
momentum, temperature and frequency. We deduce the characteristic
temperature dependencies of the Knight shift and spin-lattice
relaxation rate. Furthermore, we have studied the feedback of the
superconducting order parameter on the frequency dependence of the
imaginary part of the spin susceptibility. We investigate the role
played by the details of the electronic structure of
Na$_x$CoO$_2$$\cdot y$H$_2$O and, in particular, the changes of the
Fermi surface (FS) topology induced by the multi-orbital effects.

Structurally, a parent compound, Na$_x$CoO$_2$, has a
quasi-two-dimensional structure with Co ions in the CoO$_2$ layers
forming a triangular lattice. Na ions reside between these layers
and donate $x$ electrons to the partially filled Co-$d(t_{2g})$
orbital. Apart from doping, Na ions also induce structural ordering
at higher doping concentrations ($x \geq 0.5$) where
superconductivity does not occur. Due to the presence of a trigonal
crystalline electric field (CEF), the $t_{2g}$ level splits into the
higher lying $a_{1g}$ singlet and the two lower lying $e'_g$ states.
The {\it ab-initio} band structure calculations within a Local
Density Approximation (LDA) predict Na$_x$CoO$_2$ to have a large
Fermi surface with mainly $a_{1g}$ character and six hole pockets of
mostly $e'_g$ character \cite{djs2000}. At the same time, surface
sensitive Angle-Resolved Photo-Emission Spectroscopy (ARPES)
\cite{mzh2004, hby2004, shimojima2006} reveals a doping dependent
evolution of the Fermi surface, which shows no sign of the $e'_g$
hole pockets for $0.3 \le x \le 0.8$. Instead, the observed Fermi
surface is centered around the $\Gamma$ point and has mostly
$a_{1g}$ character. It has been argued that such an effect may arise
due to strong electronic correlations
\cite{Zhou2005,Korshunov2007,Shorikov2007}, however, no consensus in
the literature has been reached yet (see e.g.
\cite{Ishida2005,Perroni2007,Liebsch2007}).

In Na$_x$CoO$_2$$\cdot y$H$_2$O due to the water
intercalation the inter-layer CoO$_2$ distance becomes larger and,
thus, the material becomes more two-dimensional leading to a
substantial decrease of the bilayer splitting. However, little is
known about the particular changes in the electronic structure and
the energy splitting between $a_{1g}$ and $e'_g$ levels.

In order to take into account the multi-orbital effects we analyze
the effect of superconductivity for the three different cases: the
single-band ($a_{1g}$) model with nearest-neighbor hoppings, the
realistic three-band ($t_{2g}$) model with, and without six $e'_g$
pockets at the FS.

\section{$a_{1g}$-band model}

We first consider the simple $a_{1g}$-band model, represented by a
two-dimensional Hubbard Hamiltonian on the triangular lattice:
\begin{equation}
H = -\sum\limits_{{\bf k}, \sigma} \varepsilon_{{\bf k}} a_{{\bf k} \sigma}^\dag a_{{\bf k} \sigma}
+ \sum\limits_{i } U n_{i \uparrow} n_{i \downarrow},
\label{eq:Hint}
\end{equation}
where $n_{i \sigma} = a_{i  \sigma}^\dag a_{i \sigma}$, $a_{i \sigma}$ ($a_{i
\sigma}^\dag$) is the annihilation (creation) operator for the $a_{1g}$ hole at
the Co site $i$ with spin $\sigma$. Here, $\varepsilon_{\bf k} = 2 t [\cos{k_y}
+ 2 \cos{(k_x \sqrt{3}/2)} \cos{(k_y/2)}] - \mu$, $t$=0.123 eV is the
nearest-neighbor hopping integral, and $\mu$ is the chemical potential which
has been calculated self-consistently for $x=0.33$. The energy dispersion,
$\varepsilon_{\bf k}$,  along the principal directions of the hexagonal
Brillouin zone (BZ) and the corresponding Fermi surface are shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_chi}(b) and in Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_SCgap}, respectively. Here,
$\Gamma=(0,0)$, ${\rm K}=(0,2/3)$, and ${\rm M}=(1/2\sqrt{3},1/2)$ [in units of
$2\pi/a$] denote the symmetry points of the first BZ. Later, coordinates of the
wave vectors will be given in units of $2\pi/a$ with $a$ being the in-plane
lattice constant.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=1.0\linewidth]{a1g_nn_fig_new.ps}
\caption{(Color online) Calculated results for the $a_{1g}$-band
model. (a) ${\bf q}$-dependence of ${\rm Im}[\chi_0({\bf
q},\omega)]$ and ${\rm Im}[\chi_{RPA}({\bf q},\omega)]$ at
$\omega=5$ meV in the normal (non-SC) phase. The scattering wave
vectors ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$, ${\bf Q_{SDW}}$, and ${\bf Q'_{SDW}}$ are
denoted by the arrows.
(b) Calculated $a_{1g}$-band dispersion,
where the horizontal (green) line stands for the chemical
potential.
The panels (c)-(e) show imaginary and real
parts of $\chi_{0}$, and imaginary part of $\chi_{RPA}$ at ${\bf q=Q_{AFM}}$
in non-SC phase and in SC phase with various superconducting
order parameter symmetries. The same quantities are plotted
in the panels (f)-(h) at the wave vector ${\bf q=Q_{SDW}}$.
Here we choose the amplitude of the superconducting order parameter
$\Delta_0=2$ meV. For the numerical purposes we also employ the
broadening of the Green's function, $\delta=0.2$ meV.}
\label{fig:a1g_chi}
\end{figure}

To calculate the dynamical spin susceptibility, we employ the Random
Phase Approximation (RPA) which gives
\begin{equation}
\chi_{RPA} ({\bf q}, i \omega_m) =  \frac{\chi_0 ({\bf q}, i
\omega_m)}{1-U \chi_0 ({\bf q}, i \omega_m)},
\end{equation}
where $\chi_0({\bf q}, i \omega_m)$ is the BCS Lindhard
susceptibility
\begin{eqnarray}
\chi_0 ({\bf q}, i \omega_m) =  \frac{1}{2N}\sum\limits_{{\bf k}} \left[
\frac{ f(E_{{\bf k+q}}) - f(E_{{\bf k}})}{i\omega_m - E_{{\bf k+q}} + E_{{\bf k}}} C_{{\bf k},{\bf q}}^{+} \right. \nonumber\\
+ \frac{1 - f(E_{{\bf k+q}}) - f(E_{{\bf k}})}{2} C_{{\bf k},{\bf q}}^{-} \nonumber\\
\times \left.
\left( \frac{1}{i\omega_m + E_{{\bf k+q}} + E_{{\bf k}}} - \frac{1}{i\omega_m - E_{{\bf k+q}} - E_{{\bf k}}}
\right) \right],
\end{eqnarray}
with $C_{{\bf k},{\bf q}}^{\pm} = 1 \pm \frac{\varepsilon_{\bf k}
\varepsilon_{\bf k+q} + {\rm Re}{(\Delta_{\bf k} \Delta_{\bf k+q}^*)}} {E_{{\bf
k}} E_{{\bf k+q}}}$ being the BCS coherence factors. Here, $\omega_m$ are the
Matsubara frequencies, $f(E)$ is the Fermi function, and $E_{{\bf
k}}=\sqrt{\varepsilon_{\bf k}^2 + |\Delta_{\bf k}|^2}$.

In Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_chi}(a) we show both the bare and the RPA
magnetic susceptibility in the normal state at $\omega=5$ meV and
$U=0.25$ eV. One immediately notices that the magnetic response is
dominated by the scattering at the {\it incommensurate} wave vector,
${\bf Q_{SDW}}=(0,0.598) \approx (0,3/5)$.
The value of ${\rm Im}[\chi({\bf q},\omega)]$ at the commensurate wave
vector,
${\bf Q_{AFM}}=\left\{(0,2/3), (1/\sqrt{3},1/3)\right\}$,
appears to be much smaller. There is
also another incommensurate wave vector present, ${\bf Q'_{SDW}}$.
The presence of a set of incommensurate wave vectors with substantial
magnitude of magnetic scattering shows a tendency of the itinerant
electrons on the triangular lattice towards spin density wave (SDW)
instability.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.7\linewidth]{a1g_nn_SCgap_fig.ps}
\caption{(Color online) Calculated Fermi surface
of the $a_{1g}$-band model. The position of the nodes of the
$d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave [(a),(c)] and $d_{xy}$-wave [(b),(d)]
superconducting gaps is denoted by the solid (green) curves. The
plus and the minus signs refer to the corresponding phases of the
superconducting order parameter. The states at the FS connected by
the wave vectors ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$ or ${\bf Q_{SDW}}$ are shown by the
circles.} \label{fig:a1g_SCgap}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_chi}(c) and (d) we present the imaginary and the real
parts of $\chi_{0}({\bf Q_{AFM}},\omega)$ as a function of frequency $\omega$
at $T=1$ K. In the non-SC state, the imaginary part is linear in $\omega$ at
low frequencies which is a typical Landau damping within the Fermi-liquid
picture. In the SC phase, the imaginary part of the magnetic susceptibility
becomes gapped. The magnitude of the gap, $\Omega_g$, is equal to $2\Delta_0$
in the $s$-wave case. At larger frequencies ${\rm Im}\chi_{0}$ increases slowly
from zero. In comparison, for the $d$-wave symmetries the lowest value of
$\Omega_g = |\Delta_{\bf k}| + |\Delta_{\bf k+Q}|$ at the Fermi surface.
Obviously for the non-$s$-wave symmetry it is smaller than $2\Delta_0$. From
Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_SCgap}(a) and (b) one can notice that the ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$
wave vector connects parts of the FS where $\Delta_{\bf k} = - \Delta_{\bf
k+Q_{AFM}}$ but also some parts where $\Delta_{\bf k} = + \Delta_{\bf
k+Q_{AFM}}$. For $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconducting gap, there are four pairs
of points of the first type and two pairs of points of the second type. Due to
the smaller $|\Delta_{\bf k}| + |\Delta_{\bf k+Q_{AFM}}|$ for the first
process, as it is seen from Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_SCgap}(a), the ${\rm Im}\chi_0$
shows a discontinuous jump at $\Omega_g$. This is due to the change of sign in
the anomalous coherence factor, $C_{\bf k,q}^{-}$. The second process will give
contribution at energies larger than $\Omega_g$ due to larger value of
$|\Delta_{\bf k}| + |\Delta_{\bf k+Q_{AFM}}|$ there.  Therefore, the net effect
will result in a discontinuous jump of ${\rm Im}\chi_0$ at $\Omega_g$.
Correspondingly, the real part will possess a logarithmic singularity as it is
also seen in Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_chi}(d). Within the RPA the formation of the
pole (spin resonance) in the total magnetic susceptibility below $\Omega_g$ is
possible if ${\rm Im}[\chi_{0}({\bf q},\omega)]=0$ and simultaneously $1/U={\rm
Re}[\chi_{0}({\bf q},\omega)]$. Due to the logarithmic character of the
singularity this condition will be generally fulfilled for any small value of
$U$ which would give a position of the resonance exactly at or very close to
$\Omega_g$. However, a small amount of impurities or disorder will smear the
singularity out and suppress the resonance peak. In Na$_x$CoO$_2$$\cdot
y$H$_2$O the value of $U$ should be relatively large to shift the position of
the spin resonance towards energies smaller than $\Omega_g$ and make it robust
against impurity scattering. The calculated susceptibility is shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_chi}(e) where we use $U_{res}$=0.579 eV. It is interesting to
note that the resonance occurs for both $d_{x^2-y^2}$- and
$d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$-wave symmetries, however, the value of $\Omega_g$
slightly differs. Note, for $d_{xy}$-wave superconducting gap the situation is
opposite. From Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_SCgap}(b) one sees that in contrast to
$d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave case there are two pairs of points at the FS where
$\Delta_{\bf k} = - \Delta_{\bf k+Q_{AFM}}$ and four pairs of points where
$\Delta_{\bf k} = + \Delta_{\bf k+Q_{AFM}}$. Here, the $\Omega_g$ is determined
by the second process, thus there will be no logarithmic jump in ${\rm
Re}\chi_0$ at $\Omega_g$. Of course it will occur at larger frequencies due to
the first type of process but the resonance conditions will not be fulfilled.
Therefore, we do not expect the spin resonance for the $d_{xy}$-wave symmetry.

The present value of $U_{res}$ is of course too small to be the
on-site Coulomb repulsion which is of the order of several electron
volts. Therefore, the effective interaction $U$ entering our model
(\ref{eq:Hint}) originates mainly from the Hund's exchange, $J_H$.
In the lamellar sodium cobaltate, the value of $J_H$
is presently disputed and the lowest estimated value is of the order
of 1eV \cite{Shorikov2007}. It has been shown recently that even
this value significantly affects the population of the $a_{1g}$ and
$e'_g$ orbitals\cite{Ishida2005,Perroni2007,Liebsch2007}. Taking
this value into account, we assume $U=\alpha J_H$, where $J_H$ is
the mean-field value of the Hund's exchange and $\alpha$ is the
coefficient that describes corrections beyond mean-field theory. One
has to note that the larger value of $U$ will lead to the SDW
instability in our calculations.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=1.0\linewidth]{a1g_nn_K_1_T1T_fig.ps}
\caption{Calculated  temperature dependence of the Knight shift
$K(T)$ (a) and the spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1T$ (b) for the
$a_{1g}$-band model. Note the logarithmic temperature scale in (b).
Here, we assume the conventional BCS temperature dependence of
superconducting gap, $\Delta_0(T)=\Delta_0 \sqrt{1-T/T_c}$.}
\label{fig:a1g_nn_K_1_T1T}
\end{figure}

The situation changes for the wave vector ${\bf Q_{SDW}}$
[Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_chi}(f)-(h)]. There is one striking difference in
the low-energy behavior of ${\rm Im}[\chi_{0}({\bf
Q_{SDW}},\omega)]$. Namely, already in the normal state the
scattering rate is {\it non-linear} for small $\omega$. It is
obviously a consequence of the $2{\bf k_F}$ instability and a
resulting non-Landau damping at this wave vector. Furthermore, in
the SC state the situation differs drastically with respect to ${\bf
Q_{AFM}}$. As one could see from Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_SCgap}(c) and (d)
there is equal number of contributions for which $\Delta_{\bf k} = -
\Delta_{\bf k+Q_{SDW}}$ and $\Delta_{\bf k} = + \Delta_{\bf
k+Q_{SDW}}$. As a result the discontinuity does not occur and the
real part of $\chi_0$ is smaller in the superconducting state than
in the normal state. Therefore, for reasonable values of $U$ there
is no resonance condition for $\chi_{RPA}$ [see
Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_chi}(h)].

Generally, a formation of the resonance peak below $T_c$ in the unconventional
superconductors is a well-known consequence of the sign change of the
superconducting order parameter. It has been originally discussed in relation
to the layered high-$T_c$ cuprates \cite{high-Tc_Resonance} and also recently
has been used to explain the inelastic neutron scattering results in
heavy-fermion compound UPd$_2$Al$_3$ \cite{Chang2007}. In layered
superconducting cobaltates the emergence of the resonance peak for several
symmetries of the superconducting order parameter has been analyzed within
simple single-band model \cite{Li2004}. In contrast to
Ref.~\onlinecite{Li2004}, we have found that the resonance peak (even within
simple $a_{1g}$-band model) is very sensitive to the small variation of
$U$-values and to disorder. As a result the resonance is confined to the wave
vector ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$ and disappears for $\left| {\bf Q} \right| < \left| {\bf
Q_{AFM}} \right|$.

The temperature dependence of the Knight shift, $K(T)$, and the
spin-lattice relaxation rate, $1/T_1T$, is calculated according to
the expressions:
\begin{eqnarray}
K(T) & \propto & \lim\limits_{{\bf q} \rightarrow 0} {\rm Re} \chi({\bf q}, \omega=0), \\
1/T_1T & \propto & \lim\limits_{\omega \rightarrow 0} \frac{1}{\pi}
\sum\limits_{\bf q}\frac{{\rm Im} \chi({\bf q}, \omega)}{\omega}.
\end{eqnarray}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_nn_K_1_T1T} we show both quantities as a
function of temperature. In the normal state $1/T_1 T$ increases
with decreasing temperature that reflects the presence of the
incommensurate antiferromagnetic fluctuations in this system. At the
same time, the Knight shift is a constant which stresses that there
are no small-{\bf q} fluctuations. Below $T_c$ both physical
observables drop rapidly due to opening of the superconducting gap
in the energy spectrum. As expected, the decrease is exponential for
$d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$-wave symmetry due to its nodeless character in
$E_{\bf k}$. For $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave symmetry the behavior of $1/T_1 T$
and $K(T)$ follows standard power-law temperature dependence due to
the presence of the line nodes in the energy spectrum. In the next
section we will compare our results to the experimental data
where we describe a more realistic model in application to the
superconducting cobaltate.

\section{$t_{2g}$-band model}

The $a_{1g}$-band model is, of course, oversimplified for describing
the physics of Na$_x$CoO$_2$$\cdot y$H$_2$O since $a_{1g}$-$e'_g$
level splitting, $\delta\epsilon$, is only 53 meV. As a result
there is a substantial hybridization of the $a_{1g}$ and the $e'_g$
bands, completely neglected in the simple $a_{1g}$-band model. In
particular, the $e'_g$ bands may form hole pockets at the FS
in addition to a large $a_{1g}$-pocket \cite{djs2000}. To take into
account these details, we further analyze the magnetic response in
the full $t_{2g}$-band model including both $a_{1g}$ and $e'_g$
cobalt states.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=0.8\linewidth]{RigidBand_fig_new.ps}
\caption{(Color online) Calculated results for the $t_{2g}$-band
model. (a) ${\bf q}$-dependence of ${\rm Im}[\chi_0({\bf
q},\omega)]$ and ${\rm Im}[\chi_{RPA}({\bf q},\omega)]$ at
$\omega=5$ meV in the normal (non-SC) phase. The scattering wave
vectors ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$, ${\bf Q_{SDW1}}$, ${\bf Q_{SDW2}}$, ${\bf
Q'_{SDW}}$, ${\bf Q_{ae'}}$, ${\bf Q_{e'}}$, ${\bf Q_{e''}}$, and
${\bf Q_{e'''}}$  are denoted by the arrows. (b) The calculated
Fermi surface with the corresponding scattering wave vectors. In (c)
the band dispersion is shown where the bold (blue) curve denotes the
topmost band used for the susceptibility calculations. A horizontal
(green) line stands for the chemical potential.  The panels (d)-(f)
show imaginary and real parts of $\chi_{0}$, and imaginary part of
$\chi_{RPA}$ at ${\bf q=Q_{AFM}}$ in the normal state and in SC
state with various superconducting order parameter symmetries. The
imaginary parts of the bare and the total susceptibilities are
plotted in the panels (g)-(h) and (i)-(j) at the wave vectors ${\bf
q=Q_{SDW1}}$ and ${\bf q=Q_{SDW2}}$, respectively. Here we choose
the amplitude of the superconducting order parameter $\Delta_0=2$
meV. For the numerical purposes we also employ the broadening of the
Green's function, $\delta=0.2$ meV.} \label{fig:rigidband_chi}
\end{figure}

The free electron Hamiltonian of the $t_{2g}$-band model in a hole
representation is given by
\begin{equation}
H_0 = - \sum\limits_{{\bf k},\alpha ,\sigma } {\left( {\epsilon
^\alpha - \mu } \right)n_{{\bf k} \alpha \sigma } } -
\sum\limits_{{\bf k}, \sigma} \sum\limits_{\alpha, \beta}
t_{{\bf k}}^{\alpha \beta } d_{{\bf k} \alpha \sigma }^\dag d_{{\bf k} \beta \sigma},
\label{eq:H0}
\end{equation}
where $n_{{\bf k} \alpha \sigma} = d_{{\bf k} \alpha \sigma}^\dag
d_{{\bf k} \alpha \sigma}$, $d_{{\bf k} \alpha \sigma}$ ($d_{{\bf k}
\alpha \sigma}^\dag$) is the annihilation (creation) operator for
the $t_{2g}$-hole with spin $\sigma$, orbital index $\alpha$, and
momentum ${\bf k}$, $t_{{\bf k}}^{\alpha \beta}$ is the hopping
matrix element, $\epsilon^{\alpha}$ is the single-electron energy,
and $\mu$ is the chemical potential. All of the in-plane hoppings
and the single-electron energies were derived previously by us from
the {\it ab-initio} LDA calculations using projection procedure and
we use here the parameters for $x$=0.33 from
Ref.~\onlinecite{Korshunov2007}. To obtain the dispersion we
diagonalize the Hamiltonian (\ref{eq:H0}) calculating the chemical
potential $\mu$ self-consistently. The resulting FS topology and
energy dispersion are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband_chi}(b) and
(c), respectively. The resulting dispersion and the FS replicate the
corresponding LDA ones\cite{Korshunov2007}.

Due to the non-zero inter-orbital hopping matrix elements, $a_{1g}$
and $e'_{g}$ bands are hybridized. However, only one of the
hybridized bands crosses the Fermi level thus making the largest
contribution to the low-energy properties of the system. We refer to
this band as $\varepsilon_{\bf k}$. Note, it is substantially
different from the simple $a_{1g}$-band. Later, this effective band $\varepsilon_{\bf k}$
will be used to calculate the dynamical magnetic susceptibility with
some effective on-site Coulomb interaction $U$.

Present FS has more complicated structure in comparison to the $a_{1g}$-band
model. First, $e'_g$ states are present at the Fermi surface and strongly
hybridize with $a_{1g}$ states. At the same time, the ``rounded hexagon'' shape
of the central part of the FS arises from the hoppings beyond nearest-
neighbors included in the $t_{2g}$-band model and neglected in $a_{1g}$-band
model considered above. This results in a number of additional scattering wave
vectors as calculated from $\chi_0$, see Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband_chi}(a). In
particular, there are four scattering wave vectors connecting the $e'_g$-$e'_g$
FS pockets [${\bf Q_{e'}}$, ${\bf Q_{e''}}$, ${\bf Q_{e'''}}$, and ${\bf
Q_{SDW2}}=(0,0.495)$], and also two scattering wave vectors connecting the
$a_{1g}$-$e'_g$ FS pockets [${\bf Q_{ae'}}$ and ${\bf Q'_{SDW}}$]. At the same
time, these wave vectors also connect parts of the central $a_{1g}$ FS pocket
and the total magnetic susceptibility includes contribution from this
scattering too. In addition, there are two wave vectors, [${\bf Q_{AFM}}$ and
${\bf Q_{SDW1}}=(0,0.649)$] which arise due to the curved form of the central
$a_{1g}$ FS pocket. The pronounced peaks at all these wave vectors are present
in both the bare and the RPA magnetic susceptibility ($U$=0.15 eV). Again,
similar to the $a_{1g}$-band model, the magnetic response is not dominated by
the scattering at the commensurate wave vector ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$. The overall
picture of the magnetic response is consistent with the one presented in
Ref.~\onlinecite{Johannes2004}.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=1.0\linewidth]{RigidBand_K_1_T1T_fig.ps}
\caption{Calculated  temperature dependence of the Knight shift $K(T)$ (a)
and the spin-lattice relaxation rate $1/T_1T$ (b) for the $t_{2g}$-band model.
Note, in (b) the curve for $U$=0.26 eV was scaled by a factor of 0.025.}
\label{fig:RigidBand_K_1_T1T}
\end{figure}

In the non-SC phase and the SC phase with $s$-wave order parameter
the behavior of $\chi({\bf q},\omega)$ at ${\bf q=Q_{AFM}}$ [see
Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband_chi}(d)-(f)] is similar to the one in the
$a_{1g}$-band model. However, for the $d$-wave symmetry of the order
parameter, one finds that for $\omega \geq \Omega_g$ the states with
equal signs of the superconducting order parameter (second type of
the process ) contributes first, and the discontinuous jump in ${\rm
Im}[\chi_{0}({\bf Q_{AFM}},\omega)]$ occurs at higher energies. The
particular form of the FS in the realistic $t_{2g}$-band model and
more complicated band structure produce this effect. Therefore, the
resonance peak in ${\rm Im}[\chi_{RPA}({\bf Q_{AFM}},\omega)]$ may
in principle still exist, however, it occurs in a very narrow
interval of the $U$ values. This interval is determined by the
resonance condition in the superconducting state and by the
stability of a paramagnetic state above $T_c$. Here, we use
$U_{res}$=0.26 eV, which is more than twice smaller than in the
$a_{1g}$-band model.

Although the formation of the spin resonance is unrealistic for the
antiferromagnetic wave vector ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$ it may now occur at
other wave vectors. In Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband_chi}(g)-(j) we
present the imaginary parts of $\chi_{0}({\bf q},\omega)$ and
$\chi_{RPA}({\bf q},\omega)$
at ${\bf Q_{SDW1}}$ and at ${\bf Q_{SDW2}}$. Here, one notices the
pronounced effects of the complicated $t_{2g}$-band structure at high energies
for the scattering at both wave vectors. Deviations from the linear-$\omega$
damping start already at low energies, smaller than $\Omega_g$. For
$U=U_{res}$ the spin-resonance is present at ${\bf Q_{SDW1}}$ for
both $d$-wave symmetries. However, at ${\bf Q_{SDW2}}$ the resonance
peak is present for $d_{x^2-y^2}+id_{xy}$-wave symmetry only.
Similar to the situation with ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$, this is due to smallness
of the allowed $U$ values.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=1.0\linewidth]{RigidBand+100meV_fig_new.ps}
\caption{ (Color online) Calculated results for the $t_{2g}$-band
model with enlarged crystal field splitting. (a) ${\bf q}$-dependence
of the ${\rm Im}[\chi_0({\bf q},\omega)]$ and the
${\rm Im}[\chi_{RPA}({\bf q},\omega)]$ at $\omega=5$ meV in the
normal (non-SC) phase. The scattering wave vectors ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$,
${\bf Q_{SDW}}$, ${\bf Q'_{SDW}}$, and ${\bf Q''_{SDW}}$  are
denoted by the arrows. The band dispersion is shown in the inset of
(a), where the bold (blue) curve denotes the topmost band used for
the susceptibility calculations, and the horizontal (green) line
stands for the chemical potential. (b) The calculated Fermi surface
with the corresponding scattering wave vectors. (c)-(e) The
calculated imaginary (c) and real (d) parts of the $\chi_{0}({\bf Q_{AFM}},\omega)$,
and the imaginary part of $\chi_{RPA}$ (e) in the normal
and in the SC state with various superconducting order parameters.
The same quantities are plotted in (f)-(h) at ${\bf q=Q_{SDW}}$.
Here we choose the amplitude of the superconducting order parameter
$\Delta_0=2$ meV. For the numerical purposes we also employ the
broadening of the Green's function, $\delta=0.2$ meV.}
\label{fig:rigidband100_chi}
\end{figure}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:RigidBand_K_1_T1T} we show the corresponding results for the
$1/T_1T$ and $K(T)$. Below superconducting transition temperature the behavior
is very similar to the results obtained for the simple $a_{1g}$-band model.
This is because below $T_c$ the symmetry of the superconducting gap and its
nodal structure determines the temperature dependencies of the $1/T_1T$ and the
$K(T)$ values. At the same time, notice the stronger AFM fluctuations in the
normal state. For almost the same value of $U$ as in
Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_nn_K_1_T1T} this is due to the larger density of states at
the Fermi level (and the change of the Fermi velocity) than in the simple
$a_{1g}$-band model. Such a behavior is observed in the experimental NQR data
\cite{Zheng2006,Fujimoto2004,Ihara2005}. It is interesting to note that without
water the parent non-superconducting compound Na$_{0.33}$CoO$_2$ shows much
weaker AFM fluctuations \cite{Zheng2006}. In our theory the fluctuations occur
for the parent compound too. It probably demonstrates a possible significance
of the third dimension and, in particular, the bilayer splitting which may
reduce the two-dimensional AFM fluctuations in Na$_{0.33}$CoO$_2$.

Note, the presence of the $e'_g$ pockets on the FS can also lift the degeneracy
between the three $d$-wave states. Since in the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave SC state the
$e'_g$ FS pockets are fully gapped, the additional condensation energy is
gained [compare the topology of the line-nodes in Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_SCgap}(a)
and FS topology in Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband_chi}(b)]. For the $d_{xy}$-wave SC
state this gain in energy will be smaller [compare Fig.~\ref{fig:a1g_SCgap}(b)
and FS in Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband_chi}(b)].

Presently, there is still a discussion on the details of the Fermi
surface topology in the water intercalated cobaltates. In
particular, ARPES experiments do not observe the $e'_g$-pockets at
the FS \cite{mzh2004, hby2004, shimojima2006}. It has been shown
that an inclusion of the electronic correlation within Gutzwiller
approximation may shift the $e'_g$-bands below the Fermi level
\cite{Zhou2005,Korshunov2007}, although this conclusion has been
challenged \cite{Ishida2005,Perroni2007,Liebsch2007}.
Another interpretation of this experimental result
relays on the disorder introduced by Na. As it was shown within LDA,
the scattering due to disorder can destroy the small $e'_g$-pockets
\cite{Singh2006}. For the superconducting polycrystalline samples,
recent experiments indicate that the oxonium ions, H$_3$O$^+$, may
introduce additional dopants \cite{Chen2004,Milne2004,Takada2004},
or result in oxygen vacancies reducing Co oxidation state
\cite{Barnes2005}. Though, this conclusion has been doubted by the
NMR experiments \cite{Mukhamedshin2005} which show the Co valence
state is insensitive to hydration and depends on the Na content
only. This was also confirmed later by the powder neutron
diffraction \cite{Viciu2006}.

In our study we further consider the $t_{2g}$-band model with increased crystal
filed splitting, $\delta\epsilon$=153 meV. This makes $e'_{g}$ band sink below
the Fermi level, as it is seen in the inset of
Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband100_chi}(a). The behavior of the dynamical spin
susceptibility for $U$=0.15 eV at $\omega=5$ meV presented in
Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband100_chi}(a) shows more similarity to the simple
$a_{1g}$-band model with additional features due to peculiarities (``rounded
hexagon'' form) of the large FS pocket as shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband100_chi}(b). The scattering is most pronounced at the
wave vector ${\bf Q_{SDW}}=(0,0.633)$. There is also intensive scattering at
the wave vector ${\bf Q''_{SDW}}$, owing its appearance to the curved shape of
the FS.

Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband100_chi}(c)-(e) and (f)-(h) displays the
magnetic susceptibility at ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$ and at ${\bf Q_{SDW}}$,
respectively. Contrary to both $a_{1g}$-band model and $t_{2g}$-band model
with $e'_g$ FS pockets, here we observe a well-defined linear
behavior of ${\rm Im}[\chi_0({\bf q},\omega)]$ in the considered
frequency range at these wave vectors. For the $d$-wave order
parameter, the behavior of the susceptibility resembles that in the
$t_{2g}$-band model with $e'_g$ FS pockets. Again one could find a narrow
range of parameters where the resonance peak exists, which we illustrate
in Fig.~\ref{fig:rigidband100_chi}(e),(h) for $U_{res}$=0.342 eV.
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[angle=0,width=1.0\linewidth]{RigidBand+100meV_K_1_T1T_fig.ps}
\caption{(Color online) Calculated  temperature dependence of the
Knight shift $K(T)$ (a) and the spin-lattice relaxation rate
$1/T_1T$ (b) for the $t_{2g}$-band model without $e'_g$ FS pockets.
Note, in (b) the curve for $U$=0.342 eV was scaled by a factor of 0.002.}
\label{fig:RigidBand+100meV_K_1_T1T}
\end{figure}

Similarly, the change of the FS topology does not influence
significantly the temperature dependence of the Knight shift and the
spin-lattice relaxation rate above and below $T_c$. This is
illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:RigidBand+100meV_K_1_T1T} where we plot
both quantities as a function of temperature.

\section{Conclusion}

Our analysis of the dynamical spin susceptibility in application to
the Na$_x$CoO$_2$$\cdot y$H$_2$O have shown that the magnetic
response in the normal state is dominated by the incommensurate SDW
fluctuations at large momenta close to ${\bf Q_{AFM}}$. This is
consistent with experimental NQR data which shows a pronounced
AFM-like fluctuations in the temperature dependence of the
spin-lattice relaxation rate. It is interesting to note that the
presence of the $e'_g$-pockets at the Fermi surface is not affecting
significantly this result.
In the normal state we note the absence of ferromagnetic-like fluctuations.
This observation justifies our choice of spin-singlet order parameter, because
to induce the spin-triplet Cooper-pairing the fluctuations with small
momenta are required.
Below $T_c$ our results for $d_{x^2-y^2}$- or $d_{xy}$-wave (not shown)
symmetries of the superconducting order parameter are consistent with
experimental data which excludes nodeless $d_{x^2-y^2} + id_{xy}$-wave
symmetry. We further stress that the resonance peak, predicted previously
\cite{Li2004} for the simple $a_{1g}$-band model, is improbable for
the realistic band structure of Na$_x$CoO$_2$$\cdot y$H$_2$O.
Moreover, we find that even if present the resonance peak is
confined to the AFM wave vector and disappears away from it.

\begin{acknowledgments}
We would like to thank  A. Donkov, V. Yushankhai, A. Yaresko, and G.-q. Zheng
for useful discussions, and I. Mazin for useful comments. M.M.K. acknowledge
support form INTAS (YS Grant 05-109-4891) and RFBR (Grants 06-02-16100,
06-02-90537-BNTS). I.E. acknowledge support form Volkswagen Foundation.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Panama Private Foundation (hereinafter known as PIF) has its origins in the Law 25 of 1995, which in turn was inspired in the PGR or better known as the "Liechtenstein Persons and Company Act", that contains one of the first references to the private non profit foundations. In Panama, this and the most recent innovations in the Anglo-Saxon Trust enabled the creation of the Private Foundation utilizing the best features and characteristics of both worlds.
A PIF is a legal entity that can be created by either a natural person or a corporation that later transfers part or all of his/her assets to the Private Foundation so they can be managed and protected in favour of the Beneficiaries.
I – USES THAT CAN BE GIVEN TO A PIF.
For the protection and management of assets.
To receive and manage capital and titles.
For the purpose of serving as guarantee or collateral.
For the management of insurance.
We must comment that several or all uses mentioned above can be given to a particular PIF, there are no restrictions as to the objects or uses one PIF can be given. For example, one PIF can be created to protect assets, but also with a testamentary use or in any case, with all the above-mentioned uses. However, a PIF cannot engage in commercial or for profit activities as a day-to-day activity.
Foundations are established to carry the specifics goals set out in the Foundation Charter and may additionally undertake sporadic commercial activities, exercise rights pertaining to their holdings, own property, contract obligations and take part in administrative or judicial proceedings.
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III – INFORMATION OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE KNOWLEDGE.
The only information made public are the names of the Founder, the member (s) of the Foundation Council and the name of the Protector, this last if it is so established on the Foundation Charter, as the Protector can be appointed by means of a private and confidential document.
The Foundation Regulations are for internal purposes of the Foundation and are not a matter of public records. Information regarding names of beneficiaries and of the protector and method for distribution of assets can be contained within the Regulations, thus will not be publicly disclosed.
The Law 25 of 1995 innovates in this field when it stipulates on Article 35 that all the members of the Foundation Council, Protector, public or private servants that have knowledge of the activities, affairs, transactions and operations of the PIF must maintain reserve and confidentiality at all moments. Violation of these Articles carries a sanction of 6 months of jail time and a fine of Fifty Thousand Dollars (US$50,000), without prejudice to the civil liabilities.
PIF's are based on Civil Law and they are constituted by means of a public legal document and filed for registration, it is in fact, an existing legal entity, whereas a Trust is based on Common Law and are established by means of a private contract that does need to be filed with any government agency, it is not an existing legal entity, it is in fact a legal contract.
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As for administration fees, those of an estate in a Foundation are low, while in a Trust, the Trustee fees depend on the value of the estate: the heftier the estate, the bigger the fees.
The PIF's will pay annually a renewal fee to the government of Panama for the amount of US$400.00.
We strongly recommend that before you initiate the incorporation process you seek the advise of an attorney or professional in estate planning and/or asset protection in your country so you can accurately ascertain that what you are about to do is not only legal but viable. Laws differ from country to country and we wouldn't like it if you get in trouble with the authorities of your country of residence or nationality.


PanARMENIAN.Net - 1882 Indian citizens were granted residency status in Armeniathroughout the previous year.
According to data provided by the National Statistical Service, 50 of the came to Armenia for family reunion, 1047 are receiving education, while 783 are working.
Two Indian citizens, meanwhile, were granted temporary residency status to launch entrepreneurial activity in the country.
The overall number of foreigners who got permanent residency status in Armenia in the reporting period stands at 5435, including 971 Iranians, 360 Iraqi nationals, 279 Chinese and 257 Russians.


A copy of To Kill a Mockingbird signed by Harper Lee. Dr. Martin Luther King's signature on the warden's docket from his 1963 arrest in Birmingham. A scrapbook compiled by Edith Ward, a Birmingham woman born in 1883.
These are the things I had the pleasure and honor of seeing yesterday afternoon thanks to the Birmingham Public Library.
I am a member of the new Young Professionals Board of the Birmingham Public Library and yesterday during our first meeting we were given a tour of the Central Downtown Library's Southern History Collection, which includes rare books to which only 10 people in the library have access, and the Archives Department, which preserves documents, photographs and manuscripts on Birmingham and Jefferson County history.
I was so excited I left the library shaking.
But I have a confession. Even though I was about to faint when I saw Lee's and King's signatures I was most amazed by those scrapbooks of Edith Ward. The paper dolls she collected as a child, the letters from boyfriends she received as a teen, and other items like a dance card, clippings of her favorite poems, and playbills from theater performances she attended all offered this slice of life not found in most high school history books. And even though I know that as a black person my life would have been nothing like hers had I been alive in the late 1800s, as a woman it was still fascinating to see how other women of that time lived.
For example, we had the chance to see a restored photo of Edith with her bike. She loved this bike, or her "wheel" as she called it, and wrote about it often in her diaries. For Edith and other young women of that time period their bikes represented freedom. A girl might hop on her bike and ride from the Southside all the way to Bessemer. These bikes were such a big deal that local ministers began preaching against the evils of the bicycle, claiming they had girls going wild.
I could have stayed in the basement of the library all day learning about Edith's life.
But I left there realizing two things: the importance of city libraries and the importance of documenting your life.
These pieces of history I had the opportunity to see yesterday would be gone, lost forever, if not for the restoration and preservation efforts of libraries. And there would be no pieces of history to preserve if not for the people who took the time to document their lives.
One might think something as simple as keeping a scrapbook is inconsequential and unimportant, but those who think that are wrong. Sharing your life isn't just about you; it's about representing your generation for the generations to come. So whether it's through a scrapbook, a journal, a book, or a blog -- tell your story.
Crossposted at See Jane Write.
I loved this Javacia. And the timing is perfect. We recently cleaned out our storage area and I have been going through my high school scrapbooks and postcards from a summer spent backpacking across Europe. What a wonderful trip down memory lane it's been. I've actually learned things about myself and it's been fun showing my kids my life (well some of it) before I was a mom.
That trip to the library sounds fantastic. I think I would have left shaking too!
Thanks for reading today's post, Charlene. After yesterday's experience, I'm seriously thinking about starting a scrapbook!
I too loved learning about Edith, and I'm excited about serving on this board with you!


The mission of International Children's Care (ICC) is to restore families and loving homes to orphaned and abandoned children. ICC believes that every person — every child — is important. Our goal is to help orphaned children to be truly loved.


A website that enables the collation and sharing of information on river restoration projects across Europe was launched yesterday.
The web-based information tool, River Wiki, has been modelled around the Wikipedia website and will be used by European government agencies, engineers, ecologists, planners and other parties involved in restoring rivers.
It is hoped that by sharing and being able to comment on the information about the experiences of river restoration in Europe, ideas for best practice will quickly emerge.
River restoration aims to restore the natural state and functioning of river systems in support of biodiversity, recreation, flood safety and landscape development. Technical measures to achieve this include the creation of fish passes and weir removal.
The site, which uses open source technology, was developed by the RESTORE partnership for river restoration in Europe and funded by the European Commission's Life+ programme.
SWF, the IT company responsible for developing the website, has also been involved in implementing climate change systems such as the Emissions Trading Scheme Workflow.
RESTORE project manager at the Environment Agency, Toni Scarr, said: "This system is key to allowing policy makers, river basin managers, river restoration practitioners and experts to develop the tools and skills to restore rivers and create sustainable river environments. The creation of this public website will allow users, for the first time, to share information on river restoration projects from around Europe."


text:
Pep rages after decision to change official match ball to Shoot 5 floater
Manchester City's Pep Guardiola was said to be filled with such an uncontrollable amount of rage on Wednesday morning that he was dangerously close to reaching bursting point, after being informed that the official match ball for the remaining rounds of the Carabao Cup will be a Shoot 5 air floater.
The unprecedented decision to change the match ball mid-competition came after the Spaniard had turned his nose up at the British made Mitre ball used during his sides clash with Wolverhampton at the Etihad, leaving the famed floater as the only other viable option moving forward.
"The ball is not acceptable to play with at that level. We play with a different ball. It's not Nike, Adidas I don't know, it's a different brand. It's unacceptable to play with the ball. That ball is not a serious ball for a professional game. All the players complain. I assure you all of them say 'what is that?' fumed Guardiola as he effortlessly flicked away a floater slowly drifting over head.
Such is the feather like weight and unpredictable trajectory of the floater, there are serious fears within the City camp that the ball will wreak havoc with Gaurdiola's precise passing game. Sources inside the club now concede that any hopes of a continuing run in this years Carabao Cup have been left utterly deflated.
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To learn more about the Onondaga Lake Conservation Corps or participate in future activities, please contact Chris Lajewski at montezuma@audubon.org or call 315-365-3588.
The State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF) and Honeywell are working in partnership to create a sustainable Shrub Willow Farm in Camillus. The shrub willows are creating a productive landscape that is generating renewable energy while providing an effective, vegetative cover. The willows also offer improved habitat for wildlife.
For more than two decades, SUNY-ESF has promoted the commercialization of willow crops for bioenergy, biofuels and bioproducts.
In 2004, SUNY-ESF and Honeywell began planting the shrub willows. Today, more than 100,000 willows thrive on 15 acres. This May, SUNY-ESF and Honeywell started the preparation of another 25 acres for shrub willows to be planted later this year.
SUNY-ESF and Honeywell plant shrub willows to generate renewable energy, improve habitat for wildlife, and provide an effective vegetative cover.
Shrub willows have a history in Central New York. Native Americans have long understood the benefits of the willow for medicinal purposes, as construction material, and to stabilize stream banks. European immigrants in the 1840s cultivated shrub willows to make baskets and furniture. By the early 1900s, there were more shrub willows grown and willow baskets produced in Onondaga County than any other county in the United States.
In about three years, the willows planted now can be harvested to produce renewable energy.
During the 1980s, as concerns about climate change and energy independence grew, Central New York once again focused on the shrub willow — this time as a productive source of renewable energy and biofuels for the region. The first test plots were planted in Onondaga County by SUNY-ESF in 1986. Research since then shows that, in addition to creating renewable energy, the fast-growing crop can be used to create living snow fences and restore land.
Trucks have started delivering the organic mix necessary for shrub willow growth.
In mid May, trucks began the delivery of Stable Peat™— a natural, organic mixture that adds nutrients and enhances the growth of the shrub willows — to the site. This organic material, which looks and smells like mulch, is mixed into the ground before the willows are planted. As in prior years, dust control is of primary importance. Through July, there could be up to a dozen trucks per day during normal weekday hours. If you live in Greenfield Village or are visiting Reed Webster Park, you might see trucks or equipment.
Individuals interested in more information should contact Honeywell at 315-552-9784.
For more information on the Onondaga Lake cleanup, visit www.onondaga-lake-initiatives.com.
To ask a question or comment, please click on "Contact Us" or call 315.552.9784. For immediate construction related questions or concerns, please call 315.313.8068.
The Onondaga Lake Visitors Center was designed and built by Honeywell to provide the public with access to the cleanup.


text:
Q: Как правильно реализовать ожидание activity при загрузке данных JSON В результате загрузки данных с сервера через Spring (JSON) я получаю List. И я хочу его использовать сразу после загрузки этих данных в методе onCreate(). Но если я вызываю любое действие сразу после new HttpRequestTask().execute(), система думает, что я использую пустой список, так как данные еще не загрузились. Как заставить систему ждать, пока не загрузятся данные?
public class MyClass extends AppCompatActivity {
    List<Place> listOfPlaces;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        listOfPlaces = new ArrayList<>();

        new HttpRequestTask().execute();
        for (Place p : listOfPlaces) {
            System.out.println(p.getPlaceId()); //здесь ничего не выводится, так как данные еще не получены.
        }
    }

    private class HttpRequestTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Example> {
        @Override
        protected Example doInBackground(Void... params) {
            try {
                final String url = "****";
                RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
                restTemplate.getMessageConverters().add(new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter());
                Example example = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Example.class);
                return example;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                Log.e("MainActivity", e.getMessage(), e);
            }

            return null;
        }

        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(Example example) {
            List<Place> places = example.getEmbedded().getPlace();
            listOfPlaces = places;
            System.out.println(listOfPlaces.size()); // здесь размер выводится
        }
    }
}

A: ну так, всё правильно. AsyncTask, работает Асинхронно. т.е. в отдельном потоке. следовательно результат работы вы получите только в onPostExecute. Это называется коллбек.
Что происходит и почему так? Как только ваш основной поток выполняет строку  new HttpRequestTask().execute(); он сразу пошел выполнять следующую строку, а система вам запускает второй поток в котором началась подрузка данных. затем данные вернутся в первый поток в метод onPostExecute.
Блокировать поток - это то чего наоборот все избегают. Если вы будете подгружать данные, вы блокируете полностью всё приложение, пока они не подгрузятся. Такое поведение не является user friendly. Пользователь будет видеть белый экран пока данные не подгрузятся. Если соединение с сетью слабое, то это может длиться секунд 10, пользователь будет думать что приложение зависло. Никто таким приложение пользоваться не будет. Какое решение проблемы? Решение, добавить ProgressBar Показывать его в начале в коллбеке AsyncTask'a onPreExecute() и прячете в onPostExecute() Пользователь будет видеть крутящийся кружок и будет ждать пока данные подгрузятся.
Собственно именно по этой причине в Android запрещены запросы в сеть в главном потоке
UPD ответ на комментарий :
У вас просто не получится. Любой запрос в сеть из main thread положит ваше приложение.  Правильным решением является кеширование в локальную БД.  Данные из каждого запроса в сеть пишете в базу, затем когда вы запускаете активити, данные в первую очередь берете из БД (локальная бд работает намного быстрее чем сеть) и параллельно запускаете подгрузку из сети, как данные подгрузятся пишете их базу и снова обновляете UI из базы. Таким образом пользователь сразу увидит данные (из кеша, да, они устаревшие, но пользователь уже что-то видит). И, да, тут тоже без прогресс бара никуда. Первая подрузка из БД, когда UI пустой, тоже должна сопровождаться крутящимся прогресом
UPD после комментария @pavlofff
Любая блокировка главного потока на длительное время приводит к появлению сообщения Application Not Responding (Приложение не отвечает), так что любые ресурсоемкие операции операции необходимо выносить в отдельный поток. Также помните, что выполняя вычисления в главном потоке вы отбираете ресурсы у отрисовки интерфейса, в результате чего приложение при скроллиге/анимациях и прочих визуальных изменениях может начать фризиться.

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Home / #France / #Macron / #YellowVest / #France : #ET IS ONLY "PRIDE" FOR #MACRON,THE LITTLE #Napoleon ?
#France : #ET IS ONLY "PRIDE" FOR #MACRON,THE LITTLE #Napoleon ?
#ET IS ONLY "PRIDE" FOR #MACRON,THE LITTLE #Napoleon ?
20th weekend of "yellow vest" protests.


text:
Rep. Nan Hayworth (R-NY): 'Raising taxes in a bad economy is a bad idea'
With only 11 days until the end of the year, Rep. Nan Hayworth (R-NY) weighs in on the impending fiscal cliff and the failure of House Speaker John Boehner (R-OH) to secure the votes for "Plan B."
"I have every bit of faith in the speaker and I've watched this entire process. He's really trying to do the best he can under the circumstances for the American people, for everyone, 100 percent of the people we're serving," Hayworth says, adding that Boehner is faced with an "exceedingly difficult challenge."
Hayworth explains that while she wants to do all she can to avoid the fiscal cliff, raising taxes is not an option. "Raising taxes in a bad economy is a bad idea. So we're trying to work as hard as we can to relieve as much of that burden as possible," she says.
"We don't want to go over the cliff. What we want to do is provide every measure of relief that we can," she says of the House Republicans.
Filed under: Fiscal cliff
soundoff (One Response)
Who cares...this ole witch is now out of work! Yahoo!