text:
Daily Ratings & News for Analog Devices
Complete the form below to receive the latest headlines and analysts' recommendations for Analog Devices with our free daily email newsletter:
Analog Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:ADI) CFO Prashanth Mahendra-Rajah Sells 3,625 Shares
Posted by Brenda Bartman on Nov 30th, 2020
Analog Devices, Inc. (NASDAQ:ADI) CFO Prashanth Mahendra-Rajah sold 3,625 shares of Analog Devices stock in a transaction on Friday, November 27th. The stock was sold at an average price of $138.41, for a total value of $501,736.25. Following the sale, the chief financial officer now owns 15,184 shares of the company's stock, valued at $2,101,617.44. The transaction was disclosed in a document filed with the Securities & Exchange Commission, which is available at this hyperlink.
Shares of ADI traded down $0.31 during trading hours on Monday, reaching $137.44. The company had a trading volume of 25,952 shares, compared to its average volume of 3,001,820. Analog Devices, Inc. has a 12-month low of $79.07 and a 12-month high of $140.38. The company has a current ratio of 1.84, a quick ratio of 1.11 and a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.43. The company has a market capitalization of $50.90 billion, a price-to-earnings ratio of 42.00, a PEG ratio of 2.50 and a beta of 1.30. The firm has a 50 day simple moving average of $127.99 and a 200-day simple moving average of $119.41.
Get Analog Devices alerts:
Analog Devices (NASDAQ:ADI) last released its quarterly earnings results on Monday, November 23rd. The semiconductor company reported $1.44 earnings per share for the quarter, topping analysts' consensus estimates of $1.32 by $0.12. Analog Devices had a return on equity of 15.51% and a net margin of 21.79%. During the same period in the previous year, the company posted $1.19 EPS. Sell-side analysts forecast that Analog Devices, Inc. will post 5.64 earnings per share for the current year.
The firm also recently disclosed a quarterly dividend, which will be paid on Tuesday, December 15th. Investors of record on Friday, December 4th will be paid a $0.62 dividend. The ex-dividend date is Thursday, December 3rd. This represents a $2.48 dividend on an annualized basis and a yield of 1.80%. Analog Devices's payout ratio is 50.51%.
Large investors have recently bought and sold shares of the business. Stratos Wealth Partners LTD. increased its position in Analog Devices by 2.1% during the second quarter. Stratos Wealth Partners LTD. now owns 6,291 shares of the semiconductor company's stock worth $772,000 after buying an additional 131 shares in the last quarter. Community Bank N.A. grew its position in shares of Analog Devices by 189.7% in the second quarter. Community Bank N.A. now owns 336 shares of the semiconductor company's stock valued at $41,000 after purchasing an additional 220 shares during the period. Brinker Capital Inc. increased its stake in Analog Devices by 10.3% in the second quarter. Brinker Capital Inc. now owns 13,633 shares of the semiconductor company's stock valued at $1,672,000 after purchasing an additional 1,269 shares during the last quarter. Signaturefd LLC lifted its position in Analog Devices by 4.5% during the second quarter. Signaturefd LLC now owns 4,436 shares of the semiconductor company's stock worth $544,000 after buying an additional 193 shares during the period. Finally, Park Avenue Securities LLC boosted its stake in Analog Devices by 37.3% in the 2nd quarter. Park Avenue Securities LLC now owns 3,639 shares of the semiconductor company's stock worth $446,000 after buying an additional 989 shares during the last quarter. Hedge funds and other institutional investors own 79.48% of the company's stock.
A number of analysts recently weighed in on ADI shares. Loop Capital upped their price objective on shares of Analog Devices from $136.00 to $156.00 and gave the stock a "buy" rating in a research note on Monday. The Goldman Sachs Group lifted their price target on Analog Devices from $142.00 to $150.00 and gave the stock a "buy" rating in a research report on Thursday, August 20th. Raymond James increased their price objective on shares of Analog Devices from $140.00 to $160.00 and gave the stock an "outperform" rating in a research note on Wednesday, November 25th. Truist lifted their price target on Analog Devices from $136.00 to $164.00 and gave the company a "buy" rating in a research report on Wednesday, November 25th. Finally, Citigroup lifted their price objective on shares of Analog Devices from $120.00 to $134.00 and gave the company a "buy" rating in a report on Monday, August 24th. Ten investment analysts have rated the stock with a hold rating and sixteen have given a buy rating to the company. The company presently has an average rating of "Buy" and an average price target of $139.31.
About Analog Devices
Analog Devices, Inc designs, manufactures, and markets integrated circuits (ICs), algorithms, software, and subsystems that leverage analog, mixed-signal, and digital signal processing technologies. The company offers data converter products, which translate real-world analog signals into digital data, as well as translates digital data into analog signals; high-performance amplifiers to condition analog signals; and radio frequency and microwave ICs to support cellular infrastructure.
Featured Story: How is a management fee different from a performance fee?
Receive News & Ratings for Analog Devices Daily - Enter your email address below to receive a concise daily summary of the latest news and analysts' ratings for Analog Devices and related companies with MarketBeat.com's FREE daily email newsletter.
Insider Buying: Elys Game Technology, Corp. (NASDAQ:ELYS) CEO Purchases 73,000 Shares of Stock
U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. (NYSE:USPH) Director Bernard A. Harris, Jr. Sells 5,000 Shares of Stock


The 21st word of verse (2:96) is a passive form II imperfect verb (فعل مضارع). The verb is third person masculine singular and is in the subjunctive mood (منصوب). The verb's triliteral root is ʿayn mīm rā (ع م ر).
he should be granted life.


text:
McHenry County Fair Frequently Asked Questions
What are the dates of the McHenry County Fair?
The 2022 McHenry County Fair dates are August 2 - August 7.
What are the hours of the annual McHenry County Fair?
The grounds of the McHenry County Fair are open daily from 7:00 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
Fair Office: hours are 10:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. during the McHenry County Fair. The Fair Office is open from Monday to Friday from 8:00 am to 2:00 pm or by appointment on a regular basis.
Carnival Hours: The daily hours of DRS Skinner Amusements vary by day. On Tuesday the carnival opens at 4 pm, on Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday the carnival opens at 1 pm and on Saturday and Sunday the carnival opens at noon. The carnival stays open until at least 9 pm on weekdays and 10 pm on Friday and Saturday and closes at 6 pm on Sunday. If the carnival is still busy it will stay open later than listed.
Barns and Buildings: Hours vary. The animal exhibit barns are open all day, with varying hours of closure in the evening.
Commercial Building Hours: Indoor commercial vendors are required to open at 10 am and close at 9 pm on the weekdays an open 10:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., on Friday and Saturday, they will be open from 10 am to 8 pm on Sunday, though many have extended hours.
Please note that hours are subject to change without notice.
Where is the McHenry County Fair located?
The McHenry County Fair is located at the corner of IL Route 47 and Country Club Road in Woodstock, Illinois. Street address: 11900 Country Club Rd, Woodstock, IL 60098
Do you have a general admission policy? Any other restrictions?
Yes, please read our General Admission Policy.
What are the age qualifications for tickets and how much is admission to this year's McHenry County Fair?
Adult tickets are for Ages 13 years old and up.
Senior Citizen (Ages 65 years old and up) ticket specials are $5 every day of the fair.
Junior tickets are for Ages 6-12 years old.
Children 5 years old and younger are FREE.
TICKETS: General Admission Daily ticket and 6-Day General Admission Season Pass ticket prices can be found on our Admission Prices page.
What is the daily McHenry County Fair schedule?
(tba)
Do you rent wheelchairs?
No wheelchairs or electric scooters are available for rental at this time.
Are there carnival wristband days?
Yes! Carnival Wristbands are available on Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday from 1 to 5 pm. They can be purchased on our website up until the Friday before the fair starts or purchased at the carinval ticket booth on any of those days.
Are there carry in food and beverage restrictions?
No carry in alcohol allowed. Thank you for supporting our fine food and beverage purveyors, who McHenry County Fair officials have carefully reviewed and selected. The McHenry County Fair food and beverage vendors offer a wide variety of scrumptious fair delicacies and refreshing drinks; something for everyone!
How can my business and/or organization partner with the McHenry County Fair?
McHenry County Fair Sponsorship Opportunities, please see our Sponsorship page.
How can I volunteer at the McHenry County Fair?
The McHenry County Fair welcomes individuals, families, groups, businesses, and organizations as volunteers to assist in the success of the annual McHenry County Fair. Contact the Fair Office at (815) 338-5315 or mcfaoffice@mchenrycountyfair.com to connect.
Are dogs and other pets allowed on the Fairgrounds?
No dogs and/or other pets and/or animals are allowed on the Fairgrounds during the McHenry County Fair, with the exceptions of ADA service dogs or animals approved of an exhibition.
We value all of our visitors to the McHenry County Fairgrounds. The McHenry County Fair follows ADA guidelines regarding service animals. A service animal is one that is trained to do work, perform tasks and assist individuals with disabilities.
Due to the nature of some attractions at the McHenry County Fair and Fairgrounds, service animals are not permitted on rides or attractions, and may be restricted in certain areas due to safety concerns.
Service animals must remain on a leash or in a harness and under the control of the owner at all times.
ADA regulations state that the specific work or task a dog has been trained to provide must be directly related to a person's disability. Dogs whose sole function is to provide comfort or emotional support do not qualify as service animals according to the ADA. Therefore, emotional support animals are not permitted.
How do I enter exhibits in the McHenry County Fair?
We have many methods of registration. You'll want to see our Exhibitors page, where you will find a list of all of the different items and livestock that can be exhibited as well as links to the fair book pages that will include all the details you need to enter at the McHenry County Fair.
How much is general parking at the McHenry County Fair?
General parking at the McHenry County Fair is FREE!
Where can I find information regarding HORSE SHOWS held during the McHenry County Fair?
Show bills for horse shows held during the McHenry County Fair can be found HERE.
THANK YOU for your interest in and support of the McHenry County Fair, presented by the McHenry County Fair Association, a 501(c)(3). We look forward to welcoming you soon!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Saw this idea on Pinterest and HAD to make it!! It turned out super cute, perfect for my family room wall and only cost me $9!! It was really easy and took me less than 30 minutes to make.
So what you want to do is take 3 mirrors and tape them securely together. Don't be afraid to use too much tape.
Do the same thing for a second row and then tape the two rows together.
Then tape one more row together and add it to the other two.
Now it's time to add the cardboard for stability. I had a small box that was collapsed so I taped the whole thing on for extra stability. Again, tape is your friend.
don't worry if your box doesnt' reach all the ends- it's most important that it covers as much of the connection points as possible.


text:
Home Culture in Vancouver LunarFest Vancouver Lunar New Year Events and Celebrations in 2023
Culture in Vancouver
February Events
Vancouver in Winter
Vancouver on a Budget
Bhavin Solanki
LunarFest Vancouver is a celebration of the Lunar New Year. The arts and cultural festival features live entertainment, lantern displays and more.
Hosted by the same organization behind TaiwanFest in September, the LunarFest series of events runs from January 20th until February 20th in 2023. It features both free and ticketed activities as well as art displays with The Lantern City.
LunarFest activities features a free event outside the Vancouver Art Gallery on January 21st and 22nd and a concert on January 24th, plus various other activities.
For the festival's official website visit lunarfestvancouver.ca. And for a list of what's happening and when, click 2023 Event Schedule.
This article contains the following information about LunarFest:
2023 LunarFest Schedule | The Lantern City in Vancouver | LunarFest Community Celebrations | LunarFest Concert in 2023 | Other Information
Lanterns at Ocean Art Works Pavilion on Granville Island
LunarFest Vancouver
The Lunar New Year is a traditional celebration in a number of Asian cultures. It's the first day of a calendar based on the cycles of the moon where one of twelve zodiac animals represents each year. 2023 is the Year of the Rabbit (or at least that's the case for this year in most cultures celebrating the day).
LunarFest is an annual celebration of the Lunar New Year in Vancouver. The festival first began in 2009. It was a notable part of the 2010 Winter Olympics and has been taking place ever since then. The festival features artistic displays, exhibits, performances and workshops over a few weeks in January and February.
LunarFest is inclusive to everyone. It's an expression of several Asian cultures with the goal of bringing local communities together.
2023 LunarFest Schedule
LunarFest Vancouver 2023 runs from January 20th to February 20th. The theme of this year's festival is "Year to Imagine".
Locations and dates of things to check out are listed below. As of early January, some details are to be confirmed.
The Lantern City
Lantern displays take place at the following locations:
šxʷƛ̓ənəq Xwtl'e7énḵ Square (750 Hornby Street) – January 20th to February 7th.
Jack Poole Plaza (1055 Canada Place) – January 20th to February 15th.
Ocean Art Works on Granville Island (1531 Johnston Street) – January 20th to February 20th.
To learn more about the above art installations, continue reading, see our article about The Lantern City or visit the website thelanterncity.ca.
LunarFest Celebrations
Special events and activities take place at the following locations:
šxʷƛ̓ənəq Xwtl'e7énḵ Square (750 Hornby Street) – January 21st and 22nd from 11:00 am until 6:00 pm.
Ocean Art Works at Granville Island (1531 Johnston Street) – January 21st to February 20th.
Details about these events can be found further below in this article.
West End Wishes
Vancouver's West End (Cardero and Robson Street) – Dates and details are TBC as of early January.
LunarFest Concert: Together We Are!
A special ticketed performance takes place in downtown Vancouver.
The Orpheum (601 Smithe Street) – January 24th at 7:30 pm.
The concert features the Harmonia String Ensemble, Vivaldi Chamber Choir, West Van Youth Band, and Out in Harmony. Artists in the concert include Ginalina, Anna Sagalova, Nicholas Urquhart, Edette Gagne and Arianna Stott. For tickets and full details click Together We Are Concert.
Continue reading to learn more about some of the featured events listed above.
The Lantern City in Vancouver
There are The Lantern City art installations at šxʷƛ̓ənəq Xwtl'e7énḵ Square (outside the Vancouver Art Gallery), Jack Poole Plaza and Granville Island. The displays are free to admire and each location has a different theme.
Lantern City at the Vancouver Art Gallery: Our Wonderland
The art installation in front of the Vancouver Art Gallery takes place in šxʷƛ̓ənəq Xwtl'e7énḵ Square which is in the 800 block of West Georgia Street between Howe Street and Hornby.
The theme of the lanterns outside the art gallery last year was "We are a Family". In 2023 the theme is "Our Wonderland" where the lantern art recognizes that cultures and family shape our stories. Like the main character in Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland story, with her innocent curiosity and infinite creativity, the art allows spectators to follow the rabbits into the art's Our Wonderland theme.
The art display at this location can be admired anytime between January 20th and February 7th in 2023.
(TIP: On Tuesday evenings admission to the art gallery is by donation between 5:00 and 8:00 pm.)
Lantern City at Jack Poole Plaza: Lost in Nature
A lantern art installation is also set up in Jack Poole Plaza which is on the west side of the Vancouver Convention Centre at 1055 Canada Place. It's the same square as the Cauldron from the 2010 Olympics.
The display at this venue can be seen anytime between January 20th and February 15th in 2023. Last year the art at this venue was "Coastal Lunar Lanterns". This year the art is called "Lost in Nature" which recognizes that we come from nature and return to it. In both years the art at this location has had an Indigenous theme.
(TIP: Jack Poole Plaza is at the edge of the Coal Harbour Seawall which makes a great place for a walk or bike ride.)
Lantern City Lanterns (from 2019)
Lantern City at Granville Island: Forever Young
This part of The Lantern City art installations is on display at Ocean Art Works on Granville Island from January 20th until February 20th in 2023. The lanterns are free to see at any time between these date and they have a "Forever Young" theme.
The City Lantern lanterns inspire the creativity of children as well as the inner child in yourself. The lanterns glow brightly with the warmth of endless potential and hope for the future. The story behind the display is "The Cycle", referencing life and how we pass on our legacies through stories. Three of the featured lanterns at this location are created by Arts Umbrella students.
Ocean Artworks is a covered, outdoor pavilion and public space located at 1531 Johnston Street. It's close to the Granville Island Public Market and almost, but not quite, directly under the Granville Street Bridge. The lanterns are great to see in combination with a visit to the market and other shops at Granville Island, or while in the area for shopping, dinner at a restaurant or seeing some theatre.
Best times to check out the lanterns are at night (when they are at their prettiest), or during the day when LunarFest Community Celebrations are also taking place.
(TIP: Granville Island is famous for its unique shops, art studios, restaurants and theatres. It's also next to the False Creek Seawall which is a great place for walks and leisurely bike rides.)
To learn more about Lantern City events visit the website thelanterncity.ca.
LunarFest Art Workshop at Granville Island
LunarFest Community Celebrations
In 2023 the Community Celebrations are held at two different locations, including Ocean Art Works at Granville Island (so at the same place as one of the Lantern City displays). The other venue is šxʷƛ̓ənəq Xwtl'e7énḵ Square (which is the north plaza outside the Vancouver Art Gallery). The former is a smaller, on-going event that runs for a full 30 days. The latter is a bigger event, but for only one weekend.
Community Celebrations at Granville Island
With the first set of Community Celebrations, there is an ongoing exhibit at the Ocean Art Works building on Granville Island from January 21st until February 20th. It's free to check out from 11:00 am to 3:00 pm on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays, as well as from 12:00 to 3:00 pm on other days of the week.
The exhibit features the work of Chen Ching-Lin from Taiwan. He works with natural dye made from plants, flowers, fruits and other products. Chen Ching-Lin is an artist and researcher of natural dyes and fabrics. The exhibition has been brought from overseas in hopes of inspiring Vancouverites to see art in the natural world around them.
LunarFest also hosts various workshops on weekends between January 21st and February 20th at Ocean Art Works. The workshops are run in collaboration with local communities. There's an improv song-writing workshop with Ginalina and Masaw Ali. There are also a couple of arts and crafts workshops on offer this year. Pussywillow wreath workshops are led by Neda Tanha of Willow Garden Farms, and there's also a Persimmon Dye Workshop in which participants can learn DIY art using dye from persimmon juice.
For the festival's official website visit lunarfestvancouver.ca.
LunarFest Textile Art at Granville Island
Community Celebrations Outside the Vancouver Art Gallery
The other Community Celebrations event takes place on the weekend of January 21st and 22nd in 2023 outside the Vancouver Art Gallery. They happen in šxʷƛ̓ənəq Xwtl'e7énḵ Square which is the north plaza on West Georgia Street between Hornby Street and Howe Street.
In past years, pre-COVID, there has been a small market, live music and other entertainment. In 2018, the Year of the Dog, there was also a giant blow-up model of a dog. This year, in 2023, there was The Lantern City lantern installation, Rabbit-themed crafts activities, and a stall with souvenirs and information about LunarFest. There was also over half a dozen food vendors.
LunarFest Concert in 2023
Together We Are! is the featured LunarFest Concert in 2023. The show is at the Orpheum Theatre on January 24th at 7:30 pm.
LunarFest invites everyone to celebrate the Year of the Rabbit in harmony, whether live in concert or from around the world through the livestream. This is a concert that brings together diverse communities.
The show's lineup includes three-time Juno-nominated Ginalina & Friends as well as the Harmonia String Ensemble, Vivaldi Chamber Choir, West Van Youth Band, and Out in Harmony.
For tickets and full details about the concert visit the LunarFest Vancouver website.
Ginalina
For more information about the LunarFest event visit the official LunarFest Vancouver website. For more information about just the lantern displays visit The Lantern City website.
To learn about similar events celebrating the same occasion, see our article about Lunar New Year Celebrations.
Other articles that might be of interest include the following:
Historical Chinatown Walking Tours
Vancouver Festivals and Events
Shows and Entertainment Calendar
January and February Calendars of Events
TaiwanFest in September


text:
Re: [HPDD-discuss] Infiniband & Lustre Module Unloading on RHEL 6.4
Re: [HPDD-discuss]...
Patrick Farrell
Andrew, Rob, We may be seeing some related behavior here as well. Can you give any more details about the errors you're getting on shutdown/unmount? Our problem manifested itself as the MDS not being able to unmount, because it's waiting for communication from the clients, while unmounting/shutting down. (Eventually, messages about hung threads appear on the MDS.) It may not be the sane thing (we're seeing it with 2.5 and have only begun seeing it recently), but it is similar and happening on systems using IB. -- Patrick Farrell Developer, IO File Systems Cray, Inc.
Andrew Wagner
Wednesday, 18 December Wed, 18 Dec
New subject: Infiniband & Lustre Module Unloading on RHEL 6.4
In my case, I'm seeing this occur on OSS's not unloading IB modules. The errors we're seeing are the IB modules themselves failing to unload at shutdown/rdma service stop due to remnant Lustre modules leaving them in use. The OSTs seem to unmount without issue. Andrew Wagner Research System Administrator Technical Computing UW-Space Science and Engineering AOSS Room 439 On 12/17/13 2:10 PM, Patrick Farrell wrote:
Andrew, Rob, We may be seeing some related behavior here as well. Can you give any more details about the errors you're getting on shutdown/unmount? Our problem manifested itself as the MDS not being able to unmount, because it's waiting for communication from the clients, while unmounting/shutting down. (Eventually, messages about hung threads appear on the MDS.) It may not be the sane thing (we're seeing it with 2.5 and have only begun seeing it recently), but it is similar and happening on systems using IB. -- Patrick Farrell Developer, IO File Systems Cray, Inc. _______________________________________________ HPDD-discuss mailing list HPDD-discuss(a)lists.01.org https://lists.01.org/mailman/listinfo/hpdd-discuss
Thanks, Andrew. Unfortunately, not the same thing we're seeing. We have not seen the exact issue you described. However, Cray uses custom shutdown scripts, which may be the difference there. Still, though, a look at the lustre-start.in script suggests the shutdown process boils down to unmounting just unmounting the targets, which isn't any different than what we do. It's possible the order we unmount the various servers is different. Also, Cray is not using ZFS, which could well be a factor. It'd be interesting to know if Rob is using ZFS as well. -- Patrick Farrell Developer, IO File Systems Cray, Inc. ________________________________________ From: Andrew Wagner [andrew.wagner(a)ssec.wisc.edu] Sent: Tuesday, December 17, 2013 3:29 PM To: Patrick Farrell; hpdd-discuss(a)lists.01.org Subject: Re: [HPDD-discuss] Infiniband & Lustre Module Unloading on RHEL 6.4 In my case, I'm seeing this occur on OSS's not unloading IB modules. The errors we're seeing are the IB modules themselves failing to unload at shutdown/rdma service stop due to remnant Lustre modules leaving them in use. The OSTs seem to unmount without issue. Andrew Wagner Research System Administrator Technical Computing UW-Space Science and Engineering AOSS Room 439 On 12/17/13 2:10 PM, Patrick Farrell wrote:
Edward Walter
We're using this init script on our lustre clients:
#!/bin/bash # # Bring up/down the kernel lustre stack # # chkconfig: - 05 05 # description: Unloads lustre # config: /etc/sysconfig/lustre.conf # ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: lustre # Default-Stop: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 # Required-Start: # Required-Stop: # Short-Description: unloads the lustre kernel modules # Description: unloads the lustre kernel modules ### END INIT INFO . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions lockfile="/var/lock/subsys/lustre" umount_lustre () { for i in `mount |grep "type lustre" |awk {'print $3'}` ; do umount $i done } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) touch $lockfile ;; stop) echo "unmounting lustre filesystems" umount_lustre echo "running lustre_rmmod" /usr/sbin/lustre_rmmod rm -f $lockfile ;; *) echo $"Usage: lustre start|stop" exit 1 esac exit 0
I believe we derived this from the LLNL lustre scripts. It's pretty sloppy (there should be some error handling to verify that the volumes really unmounted). For the simple case where you're just rebooting; this gets the job done on our lustre clients. Given that it umounts any lustre filesystems that it detects; it should work on your OSS servers as well. Note: we mount lustre via fstab so our workflow diverges a bit from the LLNL scripts. Hope this helps. -Ed Walter Carnegie Mellon University On 12/17/2013 04:29 PM, Andrew Wagner wrote:
In my case, I'm seeing this occur on OSS's not unloading IB modules. The errors we're seeing are the IB modules themselves failing to unload at shutdown/rdma service stop due to remnant Lustre modules leaving them in use. The OSTs seem to unmount without issue. Andrew Wagner Research System Administrator Technical Computing UW-Space Science and Engineering AOSS Room 439 On 12/17/13 2:10 PM, Patrick Farrell wrote: > Andrew, Rob, > > We may be seeing some related behavior here as well. > > Can you give any more details about the errors you're getting on > shutdown/unmount? > > Our problem manifested itself as the MDS not being able to unmount, > because it's waiting for communication from the clients, while > unmounting/shutting down. (Eventually, messages about hung threads > appear on the MDS.) It may not be the sane thing (we're seeing it > with 2.5 and have only begun seeing it recently), but it is similar > and happening on systems using IB. > > -- > Patrick Farrell > Developer, IO File Systems > Cray, Inc. > _______________________________________________ > HPDD-discuss mailing list > HPDD-discuss(a)lists.01.org > https://lists.01.org/mailman/listinfo/hpdd-discuss _______________________________________________ HPDD-discuss mailing list HPDD-discuss(a)lists.01.org https://lists.01.org/mailman/listinfo/hpdd-discuss


In January 2001, the world witnessed a major historical event -- a religious festival held once every twelve years in the holy city of Prayag (Allahabhad), located in the ancient subcontinent of India; a festival involving the largest gathering of human beings ever to assemble on this planet: the Maha Kumbh Mela (Great Kumbh Mela). According to the Guinness Book of Records, the last Kumbh Mela, held in 1989, was the "greatest recorded number of human beings assembled with a common purpose" in history. In January an estimated 50 million people from all walks of life made a pilgrimage to this holy city for the Maha Kumbh Mela.
This forty-one day festival, popularly known as a festival of ascetics and saints, is the twelfth in a cycle of twelve, and thus makes it an occasion that occurs once every 144 years. Once in a lifetime.
Despite the significance and magnitude of the Maha Kumbh Mela, it is relatively unknown in the West. Our proposal is to create a documentary film, illustrated photo book, and interactive Web Site to make the incredible stories of the Kumbh Mela accessible to the world. The name for this tridemensional project is known as Sangam, an ancient Sanskrit term literally meeting ÒconfluenceÓ. According to the scriptures Sangam refers to the place of meeting of the three rivers: the Ganga, Yamuna, and the mythical river of knowledge known as Saraswati. We saw this as a fitting title since the concept of confluence is such a basic element of the Kumbha Mela. Not only as the three rivers, but more importantly, the sangam is a meeting of millions and millions of people, of ideas, and of ancient wisdom. The confluence of energies, the confluence of souls, the confluence of man and the Supreme Being.
All pictures on this site were taken by Diego Benavente and Vikas Malhotra. All information and material on this site, including photographs, video, audio, graphics, and text are © copyrighted by abORiginal PRoductions and may not be used or reproduced without the full consent from abOriginal productions who are wonderful people and can be contacted at vm2062@columbia.edu.


Chevrolet, Buick, GMC, and Cadillac dealers in Canada delivered 18,129 new vehicles in December 2016, a 2.5 percent decrease compared to December 2015. Sales of all four GM Canada brands — Chevrolet, Cadillac, Buick, and GMC — increased on a year-over-year basis.
i hope canada demands that all of the cars sold in canada are built there as well.
That would be an absolute financial disaster.
The Canadian market is no where large enough to justify a different plants for each model and manufacturer.
Look at the sales charts above. How many models sold with under 5000 units the entire calender year? And that is just GM, what about Ford, FCA, Honda, Toyota and others.
Unless you are selling only high end vehicles the cost would outweigh the benefits.
Since Canada does not have it's own homegrown automaker every manufacturer is an import car company in Canada.
Talk about killing the auto industry in Canada.
Not possible dude. We can't sustain the volume that the US can (roughly a tenth of total units per year). On top of that we generally buy smaller cars so the margins on those would be even smaller.
That, and considering that EVERY car sold in this Canada is a import by definition, we can't afford to start dismissing cars at the boarder simply because they weren't built here.
if this "if you sell it here, build it here" mantra trump has been pushing is good enough for 'murica, it is certainly good enough for canada eh?
Canada does not the same volume that 'murica has.
Manufacturers would just abandon the Canadian market.
Keep in mind the Canadian and Austrailian markets are roughly the same in total volume and manufacturers are fleeing that in droves.
in the age of trump, rational arguments like that are irrelevant. it is all about likes, tweets, and ratings.
steve, then some businessmen in Canada should create their own Automaker instead of relying on the US-based General Motors for manufacturing jobs.
so we are going to support market principles when it is convenient?
No, because what's wrong with "what's good enough for X should be good enough for Y" doesn't consider the reduced production costs advantages that can come with volume sales doesn't work equally as well in places where the volume is much lower. Those savings simply aren't there.
So how well would a Canadian built compact car sold to Canadians do in a country with a minimum wage higher than that of the US? Lets not forget that those Canadian factories are Unifor factories, so the wages would be even higher than their UAW counterparts.
Suddenly, that Canadian compact car's competitive advantage is lost when it's MSRP is too high for what people expect of a mainstream volume model. It could work if it was a luxury product, but it would have to be some damn good in comparison to 3-series….and we all know how hard that is to convince the public otherwise.
So we have a lower total demand (volume), higher manufacturing costs, and higher wages. It would make sense to make that compact car in more cost-effective Mexico…..or Lordstown Ohio! Lo and behold, GM took that route.
Wow, this is the effect of going forom high incentives to not many plus extremely cold weather.
The writer needs to correct the EXT for SRX since the EXT have been gone on the market since '13.


Company profile: It is focused on the innovation on investment strategies.
Requirements: - College degree or above in administrative or relative majors.
- Proven training in management, public relations, writing, file management, basic knowledge of financial accounting.
- 2 years working experience in administration.
- Highly proficient in written and spoken Chinese.


text:
Amaud Jamaul Johnson
Poet Pick
1 Burlesque 01:48
Amaud Jamaul Johnson was born and raised in Compton, California, and educated at Howard University and Cornell University. He was a Wallace Stegner Fellow in Poetry at Stanford, and a Cave Canem Fellow. His first collection, Red Summer, won the 2005 Dorset Prize from Tupelo Press and was published by Tupelo in spring 2006. His second collection, Darktown Follies, was published by Tupelo in 2013. Johnson is an assistant professor of English in the creative writing program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
First posted: February 16, 2005
Last modified: April 1, 2017
Portion Given
On This Side of Mercy
The Manassa Mauler
The Lost Sea
Junior Goes Home
FULL ARCHIVE FOR 'Amaud Jamaul Johnson' »
Amaud Jamaul Johnson Q&A on his writing process
Amaud Jamaul Johnson Q&A on his first poem
Amaud Jamaul Johnson Q&A on his early influences


For running cables underneath flooring, including raised levels, Floor Access Grommets will get the job done. Designed as a two-piece item, these grommets are durable, able to withstand trampling and high traffic, and provide cabling through raised floors.
In addition, equipped with rotating covers to adjust to cable size, debris and dirt is kept out and away from cabling installations. Reinforced with an internal step, raised floor grommets are strong and will last a long time.
Please click the "More Information" tab for illustrated product dimensions.


Darby Morhardt, PhD, LCSW, is Associate Professor and Director of Education for the Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Dr. Morhardt has 30 years of clinical experience with cognitively impaired individuals and their families. She is involved in community engaged research projects with limited English proficiency and African American communities and is offering her extensive experience with older adults with dementia and their families on this study. Planning for future care needs is difficult; however, thisproject has the potential to positively impact the health and quality of life for adults as they age. By engaging the community from the beginning ensures that older adult voices will be heard.


Ready to View Your Electricity or Gas Rates in Your Area?
Just enter your zip code to get started!
Spark Energy consistently delivers affordable rates on electric, natural gas, and green energy, along with a variety of energy plans to meet your needs and superior customer service. What's more, we make life easy by handling the switch from your current provider. All you need to do is choose the best plan for your lifestyle!
Multiple utility companies provide service in this zip code, please select the appropriate one.


Hi! I have retired Longaberger® baskets, liners, protectors and pottery back to 1990 -- and more.
Shipping & insurance is extra (unless otherwise marked).
Items shipped (Regular or Priority Mail) within three days* of receiving payment.
You'll want to check here before you hire! See how they did on my new house.


text:
Pool prank man banned from pub
A DRUNKEN prankster who was jailed following his antics with a pool ball has now been banned from the seafront bar where the incident took place.Richard Parker was sent to prison for 28 days after a night out in Felixstowe got out of hand when he decided to take off his clothes and walk through a hotel bar with a pool-table ball wedged between his buttocks.
A DRUNKEN prankster who was jailed following his antics with a pool ball has now been banned from the seafront bar where the incident took place.
Richard Parker was sent to prison for 28 days after a night out in Felixstowe got out of hand when he decided to take off his clothes and walk through a hotel bar with a pool-table ball wedged between his buttocks.
The 26-year-old builder, who had recently won a place in a snooker team, carefully dropped the ball from his behind into a drip tray at the bar, having previously urinated in the pocket of a pool table.
Today Anant Singh, manager of the Flying Boat bar in the Marlborough Hotel in Sea Road, said Parker had been banned following the incident.
Mr Singh said: "I do know him and on previous occasions he has been a bit rowdy and I have had to ask him to calm down - he has done that in the past and behaved himself.
"Because he has listened to me, I have allowed him to carry on drinking in my pub.
"I was not there when this incident with the pool ball happened - when my staff rang me I was a bit shocked and felt this behaviour was totally out of order and I could not allow that to happen, and so I have had to ban him."
Parker, of Holland Road, Felixstowe was given a 28-day prison sentence for criminal damage, failing to surrender to custody and breaching a conditional discharge by obstructing a police officer.
He was ordered to pay £260 to the pub to repair the damaged pool table and have the carpet cleaned.
Do you think the sentence is too harsh? Write to Your Letters, Evening Star, 30 Lower Brook Street, Ipswich, IP4 1AN, or e-mail EveningStarLetters@eveningstar.co.uk


A very good enterprise that gives Corporate and large-scale events | Corporate Event Services Fern | Fern ought to be equipped to offer you the information, experience, talent, and products that can make your exclusive celebration as productive as you have envisioned. No matter if you're planning a wedding social gathering, massive company party, festival, or live performance, you would like your manufacturing corporation to create it prosperous and entertaining for all included. Excellent occasions will not just transpire accidentally, but are well-managed.
Most firms that offer celebration production solutions also supply possibilities to include reside tunes or leisure too. Superior quality entertainment is usually the crucial element to your productive and satisfying function. As a result, if you prefer to put alongside one another an celebration which includes absolutely everyone chatting, you should definitely choose a corporation that not only delivers terrific occasion manufacturing answers, but top quality entertainment in addition.
The appropriate enterprise may take the strain outside of arranging functions, assisting to make sure they go off efficiently and look easy into the friends. A true turnkey amusement and creation corporation can provide every little thing that is definitely desired. No matter if you may need gear, party management, buying, catering, staffing, worker payments, decorations, entertainment, or everything else, a seasoned creation company can tackle anything, building your life less of a challenge.
What Varieties of Occasions are needing Occasion Manufacturing Solutions?
Below certainly are a number of illustrations of the different types of situations where an experienced corporation which offers party generation remedies will occur in useful. In the event you will not be guaranteed if a company is good for your celebration, it is possible to often get hold of them to discover more about their past experience, unique ask for dealing with, as well as other details. Just speaking with a person who's skilled with creation answers can often open up your brain to thoughts that you may in no way have thought of.
* Should you are usually not absolutely sure, just check with!
What's going to these firms do to suit your needs? Some illustrations contain consultation, logistics, audio and video clip solutions, room style and design and decor, catering, talent acquisition, hiring servers, bringing in videographers or photographers, building group constructing functions, and placement scouting. You might use an organization that can assist you with definitely every thing. About the other hand, chances are you'll be capable to choose and choose the solutions which you need.
Would you have to have a staff, or does one already have folks used to take care of your celebration? The proper celebration administration business can carry in their have professionals and employees. They can also operate with all your employees or committee members. Here are some examples on the kind of people today these companies can offer.


text:
Q: Why are SEO keywords not in title case? SEO keywords (from tags) are left in lower case in the title. For example, How can I reject values from one array based on a parallel array? starts with "ruby - How can I ..."
Why is that?

A: I have a feeling that is simply to match the tag, as all tags are lower-case.
In the argument of SEO, it does not matter, as search engines tend not to be case specific.

A: Jeff Atwood's answer to a different capitalization feature request indicates that he doesn't think capital letters are always appropriate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This library contains computer mouse cursors for Microsoft Windows systems. There are two types of cursors supported directly by Windows operating systems: . 2 Jun Free Computer cursor, Fat Albert cursors, Cartoons (more) Computer, Cartoons ( more) Fat Albert by Totally Free Cursors! Cursors. Free Pointer Cursors Animated Mouse Pointer For Your Tumblr, Blogger, Website , and windows computer as well as for download.
16 Jan The best mouse pointer schemes for Windows 10, Windows , and The Metro X package gives your computer a cursor scheme that is. 19 Jul The Browse function we previously outlined can actually go to any folder on your PC, but it's usually best to keep all your cursor files in the. In computer user interfaces, a cursor is an indicator used to show the current position for user interaction on a computer monitor or other display device that will.
24 Jan Steps on how to change the Windows mouse cursor on your computer. 29 Dec New mouse pointers may come in the form of a theme pack, a cursor pack, or as an individual mouse cursor file. The sections in this document. 29 Aug The mouse pointer isn't always clearly visible, especially if you're working on a small screen or Solutions, Tips and Answers for PC Problems. A cursor is a moveable icon (generally moved with the mouse) that shows the user where any input into the computer will be placed or where an action will occur. If you're tired of your default cursor, you can change it to something that fits your This folder contains all of the cursor files currently installed on your computer.
The standard mouse pointer is often hard to locate on the screen it is also Note: If this does not work it could be because your computer settings cannot be. Many people have difficulty seeing the mouse pointer, this section explains how to make it bigger. The pointer changes shape depending on where it is on the. A cursor is the position indicator on a computer display screen where a user can enter text. 17 Nov When doing presentation or brainstorming on one computer with a few people, having multiple mice and keyboards really helps to get the job.
Use multiple mice and keyboards on the same PC, at the same time. With Pluralinput running, each attached mouse device will get its own cursor on the. Logitech MX Master 2S Wireless Mouse with FLOW Cross-Computer Control and File . VicTsing Optical USB Wired Mouse with 5ft Cord, Ergonomic Computer. The term mouse can also refer to other pointing devices, such as trackballs, touchpads and pointing sticks built into notebook computers, pens used with. Your computer mouse lets you move the cursor (pointer) round the screen and then 'click' to start a program or begin writing in a particular place or open a menu .


text:
def longest_string(list_of_words)
  if list_of_words == []
    return nil
  end
  i = 0
  array_length = array_size(list_of_words)
  largest_index = 0
  for i in 0..array_length - 1
    if string_length(list_of_words[largest_index]) < string_length(list_of_words[i])
      largest_index = i
    end
  end
  return list_of_words[largest_index]
end

def array_size(list_of_words)
  size = 0
  i = 0
  while list_of_words[i] != nil
    size += 1
    i += 1
  end
  return size
end

def string_length(word)
  i = 0
  size = 0
    while word[i] != nil
      i += 1
      size += 1
    end
  return size
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
kenan-thompson-2018-nom-450x600.jpg
Kenan Thompson is an American actor and comedian.
He has been a cast member of the NBC sketch comedy series Saturday Night Live since 2003, and is the longest-tenured cast member in the show's history (as of 2018).
In his teenage years, he was an original cast member of Nickelodeon's sketch comedy series All That.
Thompson has also played Kenan Rockmore in the sitcom Kenan & Kel, Russ Tyler in The Mighty Ducks franchise, Dexter Reed in the 1997 film Good Burger, and the title character in the 2004 film Fat Albert.
Thompson has been nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards for his work on Saturday Night Live, including two for Outstanding Original Music And Lyrics, and one for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy series.
3 Nominations 1 Emmy
Outstanding Original Music And Lyrics - 2018
Kenan Thompson, Lyrics by
"Host: Chance The Rapper / Song Title: Come Back Barack"
SNL Studios in association with Universal Television and Broadway Video
Outstanding Supporting Actor In A Comedy Series - 2018
Kenan Thompson, as Various Characters
"Host: Casey Affleck / Song Title: Last Christmas"
g-pte70-2018-0341.jpg
Kenan Thompson presents an award at the 70th Emmy Awards.
Photographs by Mike Ruiz
1 of 15 Photos
g-pte70- 2018-0325.jpg
Kenan Thompson on the red carpet at the 70th Emmy Awards.
Sterling K. Brown, Kristen Bell, Tituss Burgess, Andy Samberg, Kate McKinnon and Kenan Thompson on stage at the 70th Emmy Awards.
Kate McKinnon and Kenan Thompson present an award at the 70th Emmy Awards.
Sterling K. Brown, Kristen Bell, Tituss Burgess, Kate McKinnon, Kenan Thompson and John Legend on stage at the 70th Emmy Awards.
Sterling K. Brown, Kristen Bell, Tituss Burgess, Kate McKinnon, Kenan Thompson and RuPaul Charles on stage at the 70th Emmy Awards.
g-ca70-20180299.jpg
Eli Brueggemann, Chris Redd, Will Stephen, and Kenan Thompson accept award at the 2018 Creative Arts Emmys.
g-ca70-2018-0266.jpg
Christina Evangeline and Kenan Thompson at the 2018 Creative Arts Emmys.
Kenan Thompson and Chris Redd on the red carpet at the 2018 Creative Arts Emmys.
Christina Evangeline and Kenan Thompson on the red carpet at the 2018 Creative Arts Emmys.
10 of 15 Photos
Kristen Schaal and Kenan Thompson on stage at the 2017 Creative Arts Emmys.
Kristen Schaal and Kenan Thompson present an award at the 2017 Creative Arts Emmys.
Bruce Ready accepts an award at the 2017 Creative Arts Emmys.
Kenan Thompson and Christina Evangeline on the red carpet at the 2017 Creative Arts Emmys.
70th Emmy Awards: Backstage LIVE! with Kenan Thompson
70th Emmy Nominees: Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
@officialkenan
Follow @officialkenan
@IllumiMusic Much love!! ❤
2 weeks 1 day ago.


Whether you are digital nomad or working a 9-5 job, living in a foreign country is a completely different experience than taking a quick holiday. Upon arrival, a giant self-realization seems to hit you — "wow, this is my new HOME" — no more comforts or familiarities you once took for granted. Depending on where you relocate to, this can consist of different foods, activities, customs, languages, and/or social norms. I strongly feel that when we travel, we become the outsider looking in. We take in new experiences + cultures, embracing the people we meet, but maybe not staying long enough to FULLY absorb ourselves in it. For me, time-constraint traveling is about quick relationships, trying the best restaurants, and dancing into the wee hours of the night on a Monday (if you are like me and love to dance!) But what does living abroad for an extending period of time (at least three months) REALLY feel like? Let me explain.
Back in 2017 when I decided to travel for a month through South America, my trip was based on sight-seeing, over night buses, new foods, trying the best local cocktails, and living on pure adrenaline. I had an absolute BLAST — probably one of the most impactful moments of my life. Traveling really does open your eyes to living life through a different lens. When connecting with others from other countries, the knowledge and conversations you exchange is beyond priceless, not to mention getting to know a foreign place with other travelers. I cannot stress how visiting "different" places than what you are used to is beyond impactful. And 9 times out of 10, you catch the travel bug and cannot wait to plan your next trip! However, for me personally, when I made the decision to live abroad in Chile (and now Bali!) my journey started out quite differently than my whirlwind, adventurous month exploring four countries.
At first, moving to Santiago, Chile was tough. I knew only one person, I had a new "home" that was different than my one bedroom apartment in LA, and I did not know ANY Spanish. It was quite a learning experience to navigate around a brand new city, look for work, and adapt to a different way of life. Living in Chile was more slow than my last traveling experience, and I had to get used to a foreign place actually being my home. I was not in a hostel situation with other remote travelers, and if I wanted to meet people I had to make an effort to put myself out there.
I am not going to lie, I felt a bit lonely the first week or two. While my new room mate was nice (we are now very good friends), I still felt a bit out of place. An American girl living in Santiago — never thought I'd say that! But I was anxious to make Chile my new home.
New to the Language? Enroll in a school or find a tutor!
Also during my first month, I got hired to work with a start-up company through Start Up Chile. This opportunity was a life saver for me. For those who are digital nomads who are looking to move, I highly recommend joining a co-working space. The co-working spaces give you a sense of a work environment, while connecting you to like-minded people. There are many perks to co-working such as meet-ups, workshops, and weekend excursions. If co-working spaces are not available to you or out of your price range, check out some FB groups or local cafes that are known for co-working. This is a great way to see more of the city while working hand in hand with others. Now, in select countries, there are co-living situations. Two popular companies being: Roam and Outsite.
Another HUGE tool for living the expat life is Facebook. I cannot stress enough how important Facebook is for those both traveling and moving to a new country. There are some fantastic FB groups where you can find any information you might desire about the particular place you are living in. One group that has greatly helped me is Discover Chile. These FB groups are quite easy to find — just through one simple search.
While I was in Santiago, I was fortunate enough to explore Chile. By seeing other parts of this magical country, it brought back my sense of travel and wanderlust. I feel very thankful for the opportunities presented to me while living abroad. I was lucky to travel with some new friends I had met, both expats and locals. There are ways to travel around inexpensively and easily — hostels, buses, shared rides, and advice from your local friends (to name a few).
While it is comforting to hang out with other expats, make an effort to connect with the locals, wherever you are! I have learned SO much from my Chilean friends - and realized how much we actually all have in common. Yes, while the language barrier is apparent at times, this obstacle just pushes you more to learn the local language and connect on a deeper level. Force yourself out of your comfort zone and into a new culture! My Chilean friends have taught me so much. I have also greatly improved my Spanish through my friends.
Join a group! After a few months getting settled into my new Santiago home, I joined a workout group to meet more people and adapt a consistent work out routine. Here is when my friend group expanded (and helped me learn more Spanish!) My class was only in Spanish, and I became very close with both my trainer and others in the class.
There were also some great events every week in Santiago — such as language exchanges, stand up comedy shows, and an improv group. By putting yourself out there, you will not only become involved with the community, but meet people with similar interests.
After a few months, Chile was more than a place to live but my new home. By experiencing some hard times and set backs, I had the chance to change and grow. I also have had some of the BEST experiences in Chile, and my time there is so dear to my heart. I truly feel as if I am a different person for the better.
I am also fortunate enough to say that my friends are from all over the world — Chile, Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Australia, London, Sweden, Mexico (to name a few). I simply could not imagine my life without my group.


Here is our hanging female plastic hip form. Great for displaying all your female shorts, pants, skirts, dresses, and under wear. You can choose in either black or white. This product comes in boxes of twenty five.


Heineken turns to women to help curb men's drinking in a global ad that champions moderation. The ad, called "moderate drinkers wanted", was created by Publicis Italy and will air across 30 markets worldwide. The spot shows frustrated women striding through the city and singing I Need A Hero as drunken men slump and slumber in nightclubs and bars. At the end of the ad, a man charms the woman serving him drinks in a bar when he turns down a second bottle of Heineken and leaves with his faculties in tact. Heineken released the ad after polling 5,000 21-35 year olds about their drinking and finding that, among other things, wanting to be in control of their image and the threat of being shamed on social media was spurring them to drink less. Agnieszka Gorecki, Heineken's communications manager, told Campaign: "We have observed this trend for moderation and the object of the campaign is to encourage it".


text:
Kepler es un observatorio espacial que orbita alrededor del Sol y buscaba planetas extrasolares, especialmente aquellos de tamaño similar a la Tierra que se encuentran en la zona de habitabilidad de su estrella (véase análogo a la Tierra), llevando a cabo lo que se conoce como misión Kepler. Fue lanzado por la NASA desde Cabo Cañaveral en la madrugada del 6 de marzo de 2009, en un cohete modelo Delta II.  El 15 de agosto de 2013 se dio por finalizada la misión principal y en noviembre de 2013 el inicio de la misión extendida K2. El 30 de octubre de 2018, tras nueve años de operación, el combustible del Sistema de control de reacción a bordo del telescopio se agotó, y la NASA anunció su retiro.

El nombre de este satélite es un epónimo en dedicatoria al astrónomo y matemático Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), descubridor de las tres leyes que describen las características de las órbitas planetarias. Los descubrimientos de Kepler solo pudieron ser posibles gracias a la exhaustiva labor de recopilación de datos de Tycho Brahe (1546-1601), labor que pretendía emular de forma automática el satélite.

El principal investigador y promotor de este proyecto es William J. Borucki.

Kepler es parte del programa Discovery de la NASA, un programa con un costo relativamente bajo y enfocado a misiones científicas específicas. La construcción del telescopio y su puesta en marcha fue gestionada por el Jet Propulsion Laboratory de la NASA, siendo Ball Aerospace el responsable del desarrollo del sistema de vuelo, y el Centro de Investigación Ames el responsable tanto del desarrollo del sistema de tierra como de las operaciones desde diciembre de 2009, así como del análisis de los datos científicos.

La duración prevista de la misión fue de 3,5 años. Se esperaba que a su finalización, fijada inicialmente a finales de 2012 y ampliada posteriormente a 2016, este satélite permitiese descubrir varios planetas de tamaño similar a la Tierra, orbitando su estrella a una distancia comparable a la de nuestro planeta. Antes de esta fecha, la sonda podría no obstante identificar planetas más grandes o que orbitasen más cerca de su estrella. Sin embargo la existencia de más ruido del esperado hizo necesario más tiempo para cumplir todos los objetivos de la misión. Por ello en 2012 la misión se prolongó hasta el 30 de septiembre de 2016. Desgraciadamente la sonda se estropeó al año siguiente. Para el buen funcionamiento del equipo es necesario que al menos tres de los cuatro giróscopos utilizados para orientar la nave se mantengan en buen estado, sin embargo el 15 de mayo de 2013 falló el segundo de ellos. Durante los meses siguientes se intentó recuperar al menos uno de los dos giróscopos dañados, pero finalmente el 15 de agosto la NASA informó de que cesaban los esfuerzos de reparación y que se estaban considerando nuevas misiones posibles en las condiciones actuales del telescopio.

Mientras estuvo operativa, la sonda Kepler encontró un total de 2740 candidatos a exoplanetas, y se han confirmado 114 planetas en 69 sistemas estelares. En enero de 2013, los astrónomos del Centro Harvard-Smithsonian para Astrofísica (CfA) utilizaron datos de Kepler para estimar en "por lo menos 17 000 millones" los exoplanetas del tamaño de la Tierra que existen en la Vía Láctea.

Características

La sonda espacial tiene unas dimensiones de 4,7m de alto por 2,7m de diámetro, y pesa 1039kg, sin contar con algo más de 10kg de hidrazina usada como propelente. El telescopio, montado sobre una estructura hexagonal de aluminio, cuenta con 10m² de paneles fotovoltaicos que generan 1kW de energía eléctrica para la nave. La duración estimada de la misión fue de 3 años y medio, con una posible extensión a 6 años. El coste de la operación ha sido estimado en 600 millones de dólares y en ella trabajaron 200 científicos.

La sonda ha sido construida por las empresas LAST y Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., que también serán las encargadas de controlar la nave desde el centro de investigación de la universidad de Colorado (Estados Unidos). La nave estaba preparada para analizar parcialmente la información del sensor, recolectada cada 30 segundos, para enviar únicamente la información relevante a la estación de procesamiento en la Tierra: de otra manera, no habría habido ancho de banda suficiente para transmitir toda la información recabada. En el análisis de los datos trabajó un equipo de 28 personas, ayudados por observaciones externas realizadas por los telescopios Hubble y Spitzer.

El lanzamiento del satélite fue pospuesto en dos ocasiones por recortes de presupuesto. Durante el proceso, se sustituyó el sistema giratorio de la antena direccional por otro fijado a la estructura, más económico. Como consecuencia de ello, el satélite perdió el equivalente a un día de exploración al mes.

Aunque la sonda Kepler es un satélite (pues orbita en torno a un objeto), no es un satélite de la Tierra, sino que orbita en torno al Sol, en una órbita elíptica de 372 días, y a una distancia de este similar a la de la tierra. Con esta órbita se conseguía facilitar la transmisión de datos desde la sonda hasta la Tierra, pero evitando los deslumbramientos que diversos cuerpos celestes podrían producir sobre la lente. La sonda contaba además con ocho propulsores que le permitirán maniobrar para cambiar de orientación cuando fuera necesario.

Misión

Según la NASA, "La misión Kepler fue la primera en el mundo con la capacidad de detectar realmente planetas análogos a la Tierra orbitando estrellas similares a nuestro Sol en una zona habitable".

El objetivo de la sonda fue observar simultáneamente unas 150000 estrellas, y analizar su brillo cada 30 minutos para detectar posibles tránsitos de planetas. Para ello utilizó un sensible fotómetro tipo Schmidt de 0.95m de apertura y un espejo primario de 1,4 metros. Su cámara CCD ofrecía una resolución de 95 millones de píxeles; la más potente lanzada al espacio hasta la fecha.

Mediante esta nave se esperaba ampliar notablemente el número de planetas extrasolares descubiertos (que a la fecha del lanzamiento era de 337), de tal manera que al término de la misión, se pueda disponer de una estimación más fiable sobre el número de planetas existentes en la galaxia. Este dato es crucial para responder a la pregunta de si estamos solos en el universo.

La misión Kepler constituye la versión norteamericana de la misión europea Corot, que lanzó otro satélite similar, aunque menos potente, a finales de diciembre de 2006. La principal diferencia entre ambas misiones es que, gracias a la mayor resolución de los instrumentos de la Kepler, se podrán descubrir planetas más pequeños, de tamaño similar a la Tierra.

Catálogo de entrada Kepler

El Catálogo de entrada Kepler o Kepler Input Catalog (KIC) es una base de datos de búsqueda pública de los aproximadamente 13,2 millones de objetivos estudiados por la Misión Kepler.

Planetas extrasolares confirmados

Sensibilidad

Se ha calculado que si un planeta del tamaño de la Tierra cruzase delante de una estrella similar al Sol, la variación en la luminosidad de la estrella sería de tan solo 84 partes por millón. El fotómetro de la sonda Kepler era capaz de detectar variaciones de 20 partes por millón. Si a lo largo de los tres años y medio de la misión, la sonda hubiera captado al menos tres pequeñas fluctuaciones en una misma estrella, y se comprobaba que éstas siguieran intervalos regulares, se podría inferir que existía un planeta orbitando dicha estrella. Basándose en la probabilidad de que un planeta efectúe un tránsito visible desde nuestra posición (es decir, que orbite en el mismo plano que forma esa estrella con nuestro sistema solar), se ha estimado que la sonda podía encontrar uno de cada 217 planetas similares a la tierra que se encuentren en las aproximadamente 150000 estrellas analizadas. Esto quiere decir que si todas las estrellas tuviesen un planeta similar a la tierra, la sonda Kepler encontraría unos 465. Extrapolando este dato con los resultados que se han obtenidos, se puede estimar el número de planetas similares a la tierra que existen en la galaxia (así como el de planetas más grandes).

Las estrellas analizadas están situadas entre las constelaciones del Cisne y Lira, y se encuentran en su mayoría (más del 99 %) a una distancia de más de 600 años luz. Por otra parte, la sonda no era capaz de encontrar planetas similares a la Tierra en estrellas situadas más allá de 3000 años luz, pues su luz se hubiera visto demasiado tenuemente.

Logros

El primer éxito de la sonda espacial Kepler consistió en obtener detalles sobre la atmósfera de un júpiter caliente ( un planeta gaseoso como Júpiter pero más cercano al sol, y por tanto más caliente). Se trata del planeta HAT-P-7b, que orbita alrededor de la estrella HAT-P-7, en la constelación de Cisne, a 1000 años luz de distancia, y que tiene una temperatura de aproximadamente 2377°C. El planeta HAT-P-7b ya se conocía antes de que el telescopio Kepler dirigiera su atención hacia él, sin embargo, las mediciones efectuadas por la sonda han mostrado una pequeña elevación y disminución de la luz causada por las fases cambiantes del planeta, parecidas a las de la Luna. A pesar de que se trata de la medición de mayor precisión jamás obtenida para esta estrella, Kepler será aún más preciso después de que finalice el desarrollo del software para el análisis de datos de la misión.

Con fecha 4 de enero de 2010, los científicos que controlan la Kepler anunciaron haber descubierto 5 nuevos planetas extrasolares: cuatro del tipo Júpiter caliente, y uno del tamaño aproximado de Neptuno. Debido al sistema de detección empleado, que requiere de sucesivos tránsitos, será necesario esperar a la finalización de la misión para obtener descubrimientos relevantes, pero aun así, el equipo que trabaja con la Kepler anunció otros cien candidatos potenciales a la espera de verificación. Esta cifra aumentó a 706 en junio de 2010, de los cuales unos 400 eran candidatos prometedores. En una conferencia de ese mismo mes,  Dimitar Sasselov, investigador del proyecto, anunció que al menos 60 de los planetas detectados hasta la fecha tendrán un tamaño similar al terrestre (el doble de tamaño, o menos).

En diciembre de 2011, la NASA anunció que el número de candidatos detectados hasta la fecha ascendía a 2326. De ellos, 207 tendrían un tamaño similar a la Tierra, aunque solo uno (Kepler-22b) estaba confirmado.

En enero de 2012, científicos de la NASA anunciaron que el satélite Kepler había encontrado tres planetas diminutos que no habían sido detectados hasta entonces, orbitando alrededor de una estrella. Los planetas fueron denominados KOI-961 y se constató que el más pequeño de ellos poseía el tamaño de Marte. John Johnson, líder del equipo de investigación del Instituto de Ciencia Exoplanetaria de la NASA, comentó que se trataba del sistema solar más pequeño que se había encontrado hasta el momento.

El 24 de julio de 2015 los científicos de la NASA presentaron al Kepler-452b, un planeta de tamaño similar a la Tierra orbitando en la zona habitable de su estrella, la Kepler-452, parecida al Sol.

En octubre de 2015 se presentaron los datos de la estrella KIC 8462852 que presentaba unos tránsitos que duraban casi una semana, cuando habitualmente los tránsitos suelen durar uno o dos días. Los científicos no tienen una respuesta clara para explicar lo que puede estar orbitando la estrella.

Resultados de la misión hasta la fecha

El observatorio de Kepler estuvo en operación desde 2009 hasta 2013, con los primeros resultados principales anunciados el 4 de enero de 2010. Como era de esperar, los descubrimientos iniciales fueron todos los planetas de períodos cortos. A medida que la misión continuó, se encontraron candidatos adicionales de más largo plazo.

2009
La NASA celebró una conferencia de prensa para discutir los primeros resultados científicos de la misión Kepler el 6 de agosto de 2009.  En esta conferencia de prensa, se reveló que Kepler había confirmado la existencia del anteriormente conocido exoplaneta transitorio HAT-P-7b, y estaba funcionando lo suficientemente bien como para descubrir planetas del tamaño de la Tierra.

Debido a que la detección de planetas de Kepler depende de ver cambios muy pequeños en el brillo, las estrellas que varían en brillo por sí mismas (estrellas variables) no son útiles en esta búsqueda. A partir de los primeros meses de datos, los científicos de Kepler determinaron que alrededor de 7500 estrellas de la lista inicial de objetivos son estrellas variables. Estos fueron eliminados de la lista de objetivos y sustituidos por nuevos candidatos. El 4 de noviembre de 2009, el proyecto Kepler lanzó públicamente las curvas de luz de las estrellas abandonadas.

Las primeras seis semanas de datos revelaron cinco planetas previamente desconocidos, todos muy cercanos a sus estrellas. Entre los resultados notables se encuentran uno de los planetas menos densos que se han encontrado, dos enanas blancas de baja masa que fueron inicialmente reportadas como miembros de una nueva clase de objetos estelares, y Kepler-16b, a Bien caracterizado planeta orbitando una estrella binaria.

2010
El 15 de junio de 2010, la misión Kepler dio a conocer al público más de 400 de las ~ 156.000 estrellas planetarias objetivo. 706 objetivos de este primer conjunto de datos tienen candidatos exoplaneta viable, con tamaños que van desde tan pequeño como la Tierra a más grande que Júpiter. Se dieron la identidad y características de 306 de los 706 blancos. Los objetivos liberados incluyeron cinco sistemas multiplanetarios candidatos, incluyendo seis candidatos exoplaneta adicionales. Solo 33,5 días de datos estaban disponibles para la mayoría de los candidatos. La NASA también anunció que los datos de otros 400 candidatos estaban siendo retenidos para permitir a los miembros del equipo de Kepler realizar observaciones de seguimiento.  Los datos de estos candidatos se publicaron el 2 de febrero de 2011.

Los resultados de Kepler, basados en los candidatos en la lista publicada en 2010, implicaban que la mayoría de los planetas candidatos tienen radios menos de la mitad de los de Júpiter. Los resultados también implican que los planetas candidatos pequeños con períodos menores de treinta días son mucho más comunes que los grandes planetas candidatos con períodos inferiores a treinta días y que los descubrimientos en tierra son muestreo de la cola de gran tamaño de la distribución de tamaño. Esto contradecía las teorías más antiguas que habían sugerido que los planetas pequeños y del tamaño de la Tierra serían relativamente infrecuentes.  Sobre la base de extrapolaciones de los datos de Kepler, una estimación de alrededor de 100 millones de planetas habitables en la Vía Láctea puede ser realista. Algunos medios de comunicación de la conversación TED han llevado al malentendido de que Kepler realmente había encontrado estos planetas. Esto fue aclarado en una carta al Director del Centro de Investigación de Ames de la NASA, para el Kepler Science Council fechado el 2 de agosto de 2010 afirma: "El análisis de los datos actuales de Kepler no apoya la afirmación de que Kepler ha encontrado planetas similares a la Tierra. "

En 2010, Kepler identificó dos sistemas que contienen objetos que son más pequeños y más calientes que sus estrellas progenitoras: KOI 74 y KOI 81.Estos objetos son probablemente enanas blancas de baja masa producidas por episodios previos de transferencia de masa en sus sistemas.

2011

El 2 de febrero de 2011, el equipo de Kepler anunció los resultados del análisis de los datos tomados entre el 2 de mayo y el 16 de septiembre de 2009. Encontraron 1235 candidatos planetarios rodeando 997 estrellas anfitrionas. (Los números que siguen suponen que los candidatos son realmente planetas, aunque los documentos oficiales los llaman solamente candidatos.  El análisis independiente indicó que al menos el 90% de ellos son planetas reales y no falsos positivos. 68 planetas eran aproximadamente de tamaño de tierra, 288 del tamaño de una Supertierra, 662 del tamaño de Neptuno, 165 Júpiter-tamaño, y 19 hasta dos veces el tamaño de Júpiter. En contraste con el trabajo anterior, aproximadamente el 74% de los planetas son más pequeños que Neptuno, muy probablemente como resultado del trabajo previo de encontrar grandes planetas más fácilmente que los más pequeños.

El 2 de febrero de 2011 la liberación de 1235 exoplanetas candidatos incluidos 54 que pueden estar en la "zona habitable", incluyendo cinco menos del doble del tamaño de la Tierra. Había previamente solamente dos planetas pensados para ser en la "zona habitable", por lo que estos nuevos hallazgos representan una enorme expansión del número potencial de "planetas Goldilocks" (planetas de la temperatura adecuada para soportar el agua líquida). Todos los candidatos de la zona habitable encontraron estrellas de órbita mucho más pequeñas y más frías que el Sol (los candidatos habitables alrededor de estrellas parecidas al Sol tomarán varios años adicionales para acumular los tres tránsitos requeridos para la detección). De todos los nuevos candidatos del planeta, 68 son 125% del tamaño de la Tierra o más pequeño, o más pequeño que todos los exoplanetas previamente descubiertos.  "del tamaño de la Tierra" y "del tamaño de una supertierra " se define como "menor o igual a 2 radios de la Tierra (Re)" [(o, Rp ≤ 2,0 Re) ]. Seis candidatos planetarios tales como KOI 326,01 (Rp = 0,85), KOI 701,03 (Rp = 1,73), KOI 268,01 (Rp = 1,75), KOI 1026,01 (Rp = 1,77), KOI 854,01 (Rp = 1,91), KOI 70,03 Un estudio más reciente encontró que uno de estos candidatos (KOI 326.01) es de hecho mucho más grande y más caliente que el primero informado.

La frecuencia de las observaciones del planeta fue mayor para los exoplanetas de dos a tres veces el tamaño de la Tierra, y luego declinó en proporcionalidad inversa al área del planeta. La mejor estimación (a partir de marzo de 2011), después de explicar los sesgos observacionales, fue: 5.4% de las estrellas son candidatos de tamaño de la Tierra, el 6,8% son candidatos de tamaño de Supertierras, 19,3% son candidatos del tamaño de Neptuno  y 2,55% son del tamaño de Júpiter o candidatos más grandes. Los sistemas multiplanetas son comunes.

El 5 de diciembre de 2011, el equipo de Kepler anunció que habían descubierto 2.326 candidatos planetarios, de los cuales 207 son De tamaño similar a la Tierra, 680 son del tamaño de una Supertierra, 1,181 son del tamaño de Neptuno, 203 son del tamaño de Júpiter y 55 son más grandes que Júpiter. En comparación con las cifras de febrero de 2011, el número de planetas de tamaño Tierra y superterráneos aumentó en un 200% y 140%, respectivamente. Además, se encontraron 48 candidatos planetarios en las zonas habitables de las estrellas encuestadas, marcando una disminución con respecto a la cifra de febrero; Esto se debió a los criterios más estrictos en uso en los datos de diciembre.

El 20 de diciembre de 2011, el equipo de Kepler anunció el descubrimiento de los primeros exoplanetas de tamaño tierra, Kepler-20e y Kepler-20f, en órbita alrededor de una estrella parecida al Sol, Kepler-20.

Según los hallazgos de Kepler, el astrónomo Seth Shostak estimó en 2011 que "dentro de mil años luz de la Tierra" hay "por lo menos 30.000" planetas habitables. El equipo de Kepler también ha calculado que hay "al menos 50 mil millones de planetas en la Vía Láctea", de los cuales "al menos 500 millones" están en la zona habitable. En marzo de 2011, los astrónomos del Laboratorio de Propulsión a Chorro de la NASA (JPL, por sus siglas en inglés) informaron que alrededor del "1,4 al 2,7 por ciento" de todas las estrellas parecidas al Sol se espera que tengan planetas de tamaño Tierra dentro de las zonas habitables de sus estrellas. Esto significa que hay "dos mil millones" de estos "análogos de la Tierra" solo en la Vía Láctea. Los astrónomos del JPL también señalaron que hay "50 mil millones de otras galaxias", potencialmente produciendo más de un sextillón de planetas "Tierras análogas" si todas las galaxias tienen un número similar de planetas a la Vía Láctea.

2012
En enero de 2012, Un equipo internacional de astrónomos informó que cada estrella en la Vía Láctea puede albergar "al menos 1,6 planetas", lo que sugiere que pueden existir más de 160 mil millones de planetas estrellados en la Vía Láctea. Kepler también registró super-bengalas estelares lejanas, algunas de las cuales son 10 000 veces más poderosas que el superlativo evento de Carrington de 1859.  Los superflares pueden ser disparados por planetas de tamaño Júpiter en órbita cercana.  La técnica de la variación del tiempo de tránsito (TTV), que fue utilizada para descubrir Kepler-9d, ganó la popularidad para confirmar descubrimientos del exoplaneta. Un planeta en un sistema con cuatro estrellas también fue confirmado, la primera vez que se había descubierto tal sistema.

A partir de 2012, había un total de 2.321 candidatos.  De éstos, 207 son similares en tamaño a la Tierra, 680 son tamaño de una supertierra , 1,181 son tamaño de Neptuno, 203 son de tamaño Júpiter y 55 son más grandes que Júpiter. Además, se encontraron 48 candidatos planetarios en las zonas habitables de las estrellas encuestadas. El equipo de Kepler estimó que el 5,4% de todas las estrellas reciben candidatos planetarios del tamaño de la Tierra, y que el 17% de todas las estrellas tienen planetas múltiples.2013 Un gráfico que muestra los descubrimientos de Kepler, en el contexto de todos los exoplanetas descubiertos Algunas probabilidades de tránsito indicadas por ejemplo escenarios.

2013

Según un estudio realizado por los astrónomos Caltech publicado en enero de 2013, la Vía Láctea contiene al menos tantos planetas como lo hace estrellas, lo que resulta en 100-400 millones de exoplanetas. El estudio, basado en los planetas que orbitan la estrella Kepler-32, sugiere que los sistemas planetarios pueden ser comunes alrededor de las estrellas en la Vía Láctea. El descubrimiento de 461 candidatos más fue anunciado el 7 de enero de 2013. Cuanto más tiempo Kepler observa, más planetas con períodos largos puede detectar.

"Desde que el último catálogo de Kepler fue lanzado en febrero de 2012, el número de candidatos descubiertos en los datos de Kepler ha aumentado un 20 por ciento y ahora totaliza 2.740 planetas potenciales orbitando 2.036 estrellas. - NASA "

Un candidato recién anunciado el 7 de enero de 2013 fue Kepler-69c (anteriormente KOI-172.02), un exoplaneta de tamaño terrestre orbitando una estrella similar al Sol en la zona habitable y posiblemente habitable.

En abril de 2013, una enana blanca fue descubierta doblando la luz de su compañera enana roja en el sistema estrella KOI-256.

En abril de 2013, la NASA anunció el descubrimiento de tres nuevos exoplanetas del tamaño de la tierra-Kepler-62e, Kepler-62f y Kepler-69c- en las zonas habitables de sus respectivas estrellas anfitrionas, Kepler-62 y Kepler-69. Los nuevos exoplanetas se consideran los candidatos principales para poseer el agua líquida y así un ambiente habitable. Un análisis más reciente ha demostrado que Kepler-69c es probablemente más análogo a Venus, y por lo tanto poco probable que sea habitable.

El 15 de mayo de 2013, la NASA anunció que la nave espacial había sido paralizada por el fracaso de una rueda de reacción que lo mantiene apuntando en la dirección correcta. Una segunda rueda había fallado previamente, y la nave espacial requiere que tres ruedas (de un total de cuatro) sean operativas para que el instrumento funcione correctamente. Otras pruebas realizadas en julio y agosto determinaron que, si bien Kepler era capaz de utilizar sus ruedas de reacción dañadas para evitar entrar en modo seguro y derivar datos científicos previamente recopilados, no era capaz de recopilar datos científicos adicionales como se habían configurado previamente. Los científicos que trabajan en el proyecto de Kepler dijeron que había una acumulación de datos pendientes de ser examinados, y que se harían más descubrimientos en los próximos años, a pesar del revés.

A pesar de que no se habían recopilado nuevos datos científicos del campo de Kepler desde el problema, se anunciaron otros sesenta y tres candidatos en julio de 2013 sobre la base de las observaciones recogidas anteriormente .

En noviembre de 2013, se celebró la segunda conferencia científica de Kepler. Los descubrimientos incluyeron el tamaño mediano de los candidatos del planeta que consiguieron más pequeños comparados a principios de 2013, resultados preliminares del descubrimiento de algunos planetas circumbinarios y planetas en la zona habitable.

2014

El 13 de febrero, más de 530 candidatos planetarios adicionales fueron anunciados residiendo alrededor de sistemas de un solo planeta. Varios de ellos eran casi de tamaño de la Tierra y se encuentra en la zona habitable. Este número se incrementó en alrededor de 400 en junio de 2014.

El 26 de febrero, los científicos anunciaron que los datos de Kepler habían confirmado la existencia de 715 nuevos exoplanetas. Se usó un nuevo método estadístico de confirmación llamado "verificación por multiplicidad" que se basa en cuántos planetas alrededor de múltiples estrellas se encontraron que eran planetas reales. Esto permitió una confirmación mucho más rápida de numerosos candidatos que forman parte de sistemas multiplanetarios. El 95% de los exoplanetas descubiertos eran más pequeños que Neptuno y cuatro, incluyendo Kepler-296f, eran menos de 2 1/2 del tamaño de la Tierra y estaban en zonas habitables donde las temperaturas superficiales son adecuadas para agua líquida.

En marzo, un estudio encontró que los planetas pequeños con períodos orbitales de menos de 1 día suelen estar acompañados por al menos un planeta adicional con un período orbital de 1-50 días. Este estudio también observó que los planetas de períodos ultra-cortos son casi siempre menores que 2 radios terrestres a menos que sea un Júpiter caliente desalineado.

Los datos de Kepler también han ayudado a los científicos a observar y comprender las supernovas; Las mediciones se recogieron cada media hora, por lo que las curvas de luz fueron especialmente útiles para el estudio de este tipo de eventos astronómicos.

El 17 de abril, el equipo de Kepler anunció el descubrimiento de Kepler-186f, el primer planeta de tamaño casi terrestre situado en la zona habitable. Este planeta orbita alrededor de una enana roja.

En mayo de 2014, los campos de campaña K2 0 a 13 fueron anunciados y descritos en detalle.

En julio de 2014, los primeros descubrimientos de los datos del campo post-Kepler se informaron en forma de binarios eclipsantes. Los descubrimientos se derivaron de un conjunto de datos de ingeniería de Kepler que se recogió antes de la campaña 0 en preparación para la misión principal de K2.

El 23 de septiembre de 2014, la NASA informó que la misión K2 había completado la campaña 1,  el primer conjunto oficial de observaciones científicas, y que la campaña 2 estaba en marcha.

La Campaña 3 duró desde el 14 de noviembre de 2014 hasta el 6 de febrero de 2015 e incluyó "16.375 cadencia larga estándar y 55 objetivos estándar de cadencia corta".

2015
 En enero de 2015, el número de planetas confirmados de Kepler superó los 1000. Al menos dos (Kepler-438b y Kepler-442b) de los planetas descubiertos anunciaron en el mes eran probablemente rocosos y se encontraban en la zona habitable. También en enero de 2015 la NASA confirmó la existencia de cinco exoplanetas terrestres, todos más pequeños que el planeta Venus, en órbita alrededor de la estrella Kepler-444, de 11 200 millones de años, lo que hace que este sistema estelar cuente con un 80 % de la edad del universo (el más viejo descubierto hasta ese instante).

 En abril de 2015, se informó que la campaña 4 duraría entre el 7 de febrero de 2015 y el 24 de abril de 2015, e incluirá observaciones de casi 16 000 estrellas objetivo y dos clústeres abiertos de estrellas abiertas, Pléyades e Híades.
 En mayo de 2015, Kepler observó una supernova recién descubierta, KSN 2011b (Tipo 1a), antes, durante y después de la explosión. Los detalles de los momentos pre-nova pueden ayudar a los científicos a entender mejor la energía oscura.
 El 24 de julio de 2015, la NASA anunció el descubrimiento de Kepler-452b, un exoplaneta confirmado que está cerca de la Tierra en tamaño y encontró orbitando la zona habitable de una estrella parecida al Sol. Se publicó el séptimo catálogo de candidatos al planeta Kepler, que contenía 4.696 candidatos y un aumento de 521 candidatos desde el lanzamiento del catálogo anterior en enero de 2015.
 El 14 de septiembre de 2015, los astrónomos informaron fluctuaciones de luz inusuales de KIC 8462852, una estrella de secuencia principal de tipo F en la constelación Cygnus, según lo detectó Kepler, mientras que la búsqueda de exoplanetas. Se han presentado varias hipótesis, incluyendo cometas, asteroides y una civilización alienígena.

2016
 El 10 de mayo de 2016, la NASA anunció que la misión de Kepler había verificado 1.284 planetas nuevos. Según su tamaño, alrededor de 550 podrían ser planetas rocosos. Nueve de estas órbitas en la zona habitable de sus estrellas:

 Kepler-1638b
 Kepler-1606b
 Kepler-1544b

 Kepler-1410b
 Kepler-1455b
 Kepler-560b

 Kepler-705b
 Kepler-1593b
 Kepler-1229b

De los cerca de 5.000 total de candidatos planetarios encontrados hasta la fecha, más de 3.200 ahora han sido verificados, y 2.325 de estos fueron descubiertos por Kepler.

2017
En diciembre de 2017, se anuncia el descubrimiento de un octavo exoplaneta en la órbita de una estrella distante, convirtiéndose en el segundo sistema con ocho planetas conocido en la Vía Láctea, este sistema es el de la estrella Kepler-90, en la constelación Draco, el exoplaneta descubierto con la ayuda de este telescopio es el Kepler-90i, aunque no es habitable en las condiciones humanas que se conocen.

Estado de misión
Kepler fue lanzado en 2009. Fue muy exitoso en encontrar exoplanetas, pero los fallos en dos de cuatro ruedas de reacción frustraron su misión extendida en 2013. Sin tres ruedas funcionando, el telescopio no podía apuntar con precisión.

Extensión

En abril de 2012, un panel independiente de científicos de la NASA recomendó que la misión de Kepler continuara hasta el 2016. Según la revisión principal, las observaciones de Kepler debían continuar hasta al menos 2015 para alcanzar todos los objetivos científicos establecidos. El 14 de noviembre de 2012, la NASA anunció la finalización de la misión principal de Kepler, y el comienzo de su misión extendida, que puede durar hasta cuatro años.

Problemas con las ruedas de reacción
En julio de 2012, una de las cuatro ruedas de reacción de Kepler (rueda 2) falló.  El 11 de mayo de 2013, una segunda rueda (rueda 4) falló, poniendo en peligro la continuación de la misión, ya que tres ruedas son necesarias para su caza del planeta. Kepler no había recopilado datos científicos desde mayo porque no era capaz de señalar con suficiente precisión.  Los días 18 y 22 de julio se probaron las ruedas de reacción 4 y 2, respectivamente; La rueda 4 solo giraba en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj, pero la rueda 2 corría en ambas direcciones, aunque con niveles de fricción significativamente elevados. Una prueba adicional de la rueda 4 el 25 de julio logró la rotación bidireccional. Ambas ruedas, sin embargo, exhibieron demasiada fricción para ser útiles.  El 2 de agosto, la NASA hizo una convocatoria de propuestas para utilizar las capacidades restantes de Kepler para otras misiones científicas. A partir del 8 de agosto, se realizó una evaluación completa del sistema. Se determinó que la rueda 2 no podía proporcionar suficiente precisión para las misiones científicas y la nave espacial fue devuelta a un estado de "descanso" para conservar el combustible.  La rueda 4 fue descartada previamente porque exhibió mayores niveles de fricción que la rueda 2 en pruebas anteriores. El envío de astronautas para fijar Kepler no es una opción porque orbita al Sol y está a millones de kilómetros de la Tierra.

El 15 de agosto de 2013, la NASA anunció que Kepler no seguiría buscando planetas usando el método de tránsito después de que los intentos de resolver problemas con dos de las cuatro ruedas de reacción fallaron. Se ordenó un informe de ingeniería para evaluar las capacidades de la nave espacial, sus dos buenas ruedas de reacción y sus propulsores.  Simultáneamente, se realizó un estudio científico para determinar si se puede obtener suficiente conocimiento del alcance limitado de Kepler para justificar su costo de $ 18 millones por año.

Posibles usos futuros incluyen buscar asteroides y cometas, buscar evidencia de supernovas, y encontrar exoplanetas enormes a través de la microlente gravitacional. Otra propuesta es modificar el software en Kepler para compensar las ruedas de reacción desactivadas. En lugar de que las estrellas sean fijas y estables en el campo de visión de Kepler, se desviarán. Sin embargo, el software podría seguir esta deriva y recuperar más o menos completamente los objetivos de la misión a pesar de ser incapaz de sostener las estrellas en una visión fija.

Los datos recogidos anteriormente siguen siendo analizados.

Segunda Luz (K2)
En noviembre de 2013, se presentó un nuevo plan de misión llamado K2 "Segunda Luz" para su consideración. K2 implicaría el uso de la capacidad restante de Kepler, la precisión fotométrica de aproximadamente 300 partes por millón, comparado con aproximadamente 20 partes por millón antes, para recolectar datos para el estudio de "explosiones de supernova, formación de estrellas y cuerpos del sistema solar como asteroides y cometas, ... "y para encontrar y estudiar más exoplanetas. En este plan de misión propuesto, Kepler buscaría un área mucho más grande en el plano de la órbita de la Tierra alrededor del Sol.

A principios de 2014, la nave espacial se sometió a pruebas exitosas para la misión K2. De marzo a mayo de 2014, los datos de un nuevo campo llamado Campo 0 se recogió como una prueba de ejecución. El 16 de mayo de 2014, la NASA anunció la aprobación para extender la misión de Kepler a la misión K2. La precisión fotométrica de Kepler para la misión K2 se estimó en 50 ppm en una estrella de magnitud 12 para una integración de 6,5 horas. En febrero de 2014, la precisión fotométrica para la misión K2 utilizando dos ruedas, operaciones de precisión de precisión se midió como 44 ppm en la magnitud 12 estrellas para una integración de 6,5 horas. El análisis de estas mediciones por la NASA sugiere que la precisión fotométrica K2 se aproxima a la del archivo Kepler de datos de precisión de punto fino de tres ruedas.

El 29 de mayo de 2014, los campos de campaña 0 a 13 fueron reportados y descritos en detalle.

El campo 1 de la misión K2 está orientado hacia la región Leo-Virgo del cielo, mientras que el campo 2 se dirige hacia la zona "cabeza" de Escorpio e incluye dos racimos globulares, Messier 4 y Messier 80, y parte del asociación estelar de Scorpius-Centaurus, que tiene solo unos 11 millones de años y 120-140 parsecs (380-470 años luz) distantes , probablemente con más de 1000 miembros.

El 18 de diciembre de 2014, la NASA anunció que la misión K2 había detectado su primer exoplaneta confirmado, una supertierra llamada HIP 116454 b. Su firma fue encontrada en un conjunto de datos de ingeniería destinados a preparar la nave espacial para la misión completa de K2. Se necesitaban observaciones de seguimiento de la velocidad radial, ya que solo se detectó un único tránsito del planeta.

Durante un contacto programado el 7 de abril de 2016, se encontró que Kepler funcionaba en modo de emergencia, el modo operativo más bajo y más intensivo en combustible. Las operaciones de la misión declararon una emergencia de la nave espacial, que les dio el acceso de la prioridad a la red del espacio profundo de la NASA. En la noche del 8 de abril, la nave espacial había sido actualizada a modo seguro y el 10 de abril se colocó en estado de reposo, un modo estable que proporciona una comunicación normal y la combustión de combustible más baja. En ese momento, la causa de la emergencia era desconocida, pero no se creía que las ruedas de reacción de Kepler o una maniobra planeada para apoyar la Campaña 9 de K2 fueran responsables. Los operadores descargaron y analizaron datos de ingeniería de la nave espacial, con la priorización de volver a las operaciones de la ciencia normal. Kepler fue devuelto al modo de ciencia el 22 de abril. La emergencia hizo que la primera mitad de la campaña 9 se acortara en dos semanas.

En junio de 2016, la NASA anunció una extensión de la misión K2 de tres años adicionales, más allá del agotamiento esperado del combustible a bordo en 2018.

Estado de la misión
Kepler se lanzó en 2009. Tuvo mucho éxito en la búsqueda de exoplanetas, pero las fallas en dos de las cuatro ruedas de reacción paralizaron su misión extendida en 2013. Sin tres ruedas en funcionamiento, el telescopio no podía apuntarse con precisión. El 30 de octubre de 2018, la NASA anunció que la nave estaba sin combustible y que su misión había finalizado oficialmente.

Véase también

 Satélite artificial
 Sonda espacial
 Johannes Kepler
 Planeta extrasolar
 Anexo:Planetas extrasolares
 Corot
 Proyecto Espacial Darwin

Notas

Referencias

 https://archive.today/20121213111947/http://ciencia.nasa.gov/headlines/y2009/06aug_kepler2.htm?list344065

Enlaces externos

Observatorios espaciales
Naves y artefactos espaciales lanzados en 2009
NASA
Naves y artefactos espaciales de Estados Unidos
Satélites artificiales heliocéntricos
Johannes Kepler

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia