text:
The unfolding saga of Peter Ridd
By Don AitkinMay 23, 2018Climate Change, Education, Environment, History, Media, Politics, Research, Society
I have written a couple of times about Peter Ridd, here and here. Professor Ridd, a well-published academic whose fields of research include coastal oceanography, reef systems and peer review, has been for ten years the Head of the School of Physics at James Cook University (JCU). When he drew attention to what he saw as exaggerations in the way fellow academics at his university were describing the condition of the Great Barrier Reef he was 'disciplined' by JCU, told that he was being uncollegial, and that if he did it again he would be charged with serious misconduct. He subsequently wrote to me about this matter, and that email was seen by the University to be a further sign of misconduct. Professor Ridd decided that he had enough, and launched a legal suit against the University, claiming conflict of interest and bias. The conflict of interest might arise because the Vice-Chancellor of the University is also a director of the Australian Institute for Marine Science, some of whose work Professor Ridd had criticised. He has since withdrawn that part of his suit addressing possible bias on the part of the Vice-Chancellor of the University.
Professor Ridd has now been sacked. Not many professors in Australian universities have ever been fired, and sacking should require some extraordinary misbehaviour on the part of the professor. Professor Ridd is not accepting his sacking quietly, and has raised more than a quarter of a million dollars within a week through crowd-funding. There is going to be a court case.
This is a sad event in Australian higher education, for all sorts of reasons, and at its heart is the working of a new and most important engine in academe. In 1990 I gave an address in England, subsequently published in both the UK and Australia, deploring the extent to which research had become the be-all and end-all of appointment, promotion and honour in our universities. That trend has continued, despite the awards for good teaching, which did not exist when I gave that address.
The engine works this way. There is strong pressure on all academics to bring in research grant money for the department, the faculty and university. Those who do it well find their careers advancing quickly. To assist them there are media sections in universities whose job it is to frame the research work of academics in a way that will gain the attention of the media. Such media releases will come with as arresting a headline as the media section can devise. Buzzwords like 'breakthrough', 'crucial', 'cutting edge' and 'revolution' will be used. If possible, the staff members will appear on television, with the accompaniment of familiar stock images of laboratories and machines. The staff members will also be aware (or made aware) of the opportunity they have to advance their careers and names through writing another version of their published journal article for The Conversation, a website in which academics can write in more accessible language for an inquiring lay readership. Free from the requirements of journal house-rules, the staff members will be able to lard up their findings, call for urgency in funding and, where that is apposite, demand political attention. The output of the engine is heightened recognition of the name of the university, the academics and their area, and of course the likely prospect of more research money. All those in the engine-room think that they are just doing their jobs. The engine did not exist thirty years ago.
None of this is much of a problem in the more recondite areas of academic research, string theory in physics, for example, or advanced econometrics in the social sciences. But it is a problem, and a rapidly growing one, in areas of research where what is actually the case is contested vigorously by others. An eye has to be kept on the source of the money going to higher education research, which in our country is overwhelmingly the Australian Government. In 2014, not quite four billion dollars was available within the higher education system for research, all of it from the Commonwealth. In addition universities made another billion or thereabouts from consultancy and research for other funders. That is a lot of money. As the last Chairman of the Australian Research Grants Committee in 1987 I had a little over $30 million to parcel out. The engine has been most effective.
In the last forty years governments have become interested in universities' finding academic support for what they are proposing or have in place. We are in an era of 'policy-based evidence'. We are also in an era of a particular political correctness, where it is very difficult indeed to get funds for research if the purpose of the research seems antithetical to current government policy. 'Curiosity-directed research' now comes with some serious barriers. Nowhere is this situation clearer than in the case of research on the Great Barrier Reef, in which Professor Ridd has been involved. A bucket-load of money has been devoted to 'the Reef', and another half-billion was forecast in the recent Budget, some of which will doubtless go the James Cook University, the Australian Institute of Marine Science and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. The Reef, as is frequently said, is an Australian 'icon'. An icon is a religious object. Professor Ridd is a scientist, not a priest.
To have people like Professor Ridd decrying the hyperbole with which some research has been couched could imperil future grant money (notwithstanding the recent half-billion), and it would be understandable if academics within JCU have appealed to their Vice-Chancellor to shut Professor Ridd up. Something like this was presumably the reason the late Professor Bob Carter, an internationally distinguished geologist at JCU, was stripped of his adjunct status (which meant he could not use the University Library's resources, a real penalty). Carter, like Ridd, was concerned to point to the errors of balance and rigour in research and publication on the reef.
There is no likely good outcome from this legal battle. Early on I wrote to the JCU Vice-Chancellor to suggest that she move to settle the issues quickly and away from the court. JCU's reputation can only worsen as the trial continues, while Professor Ridd will spend his entire time raising money and defending his position. In the meantime his students and colleagues have lost a fine teacher and colleague.
And who is giving attention to the engine, let alone to the engine-room? So far, the major players have remained silent. The Minister, Simon Birmingham, has said nothing, Universities Australia likewise, the NTEU likewise (though it did come to the defence of another professor a few years ago, forced out on what a judge described as a sham redundancy claim). Sacking senior staff who have tried to point out that all is not right with the world is a singular matter, one which, if it passes without comment, can only lead other universities to try and get rid of their own 'trouble-makers' the same way. The ability of academics to speak up and out has been one of the universities' great virtues for at least the last hundred years. They used to be proud of it, too. What is happening at JCU is deeply disturbing to those who value freedom of speech and justified criticism. As the Popper quote at the head of my website reminds us, we learn through disagreement.
[A shorter version of this essay was published in today's The Australian, Wednesday 23rd May 2018]
Neville Hughes says:
Don, thank you. A great paper by an eminently qualified and highly experienced professional.
Ted Steele says:
To Don Aitken
I have distributed this to many of my colleagues who are still alive and aware of these facts as the ironies abound. Don Aitkin was in the "Purple Circle" with Ken McKinnon and Ian Chubb directly advising John Dawkins in the debasing and over turning of the Ethical and Academic base of Australian Universities ( late 1980s – early 1990s).
I am pleased he is helping Peter Ridd. But during my battle over similar if not deeper issues about the entire corrupt "Dawkinized " system at Wollongong University, that has led to the Ridd situation, he was completely silent – he said nothing. As you know it went on for 18 months to final resolution in the Federal Court .
I am sorry but this one takes the cake.
Ted Steele
Edward J Steele PhD
https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardJSteele
I don't at all agree that my role in the Dawkins changes is correctly characterised as 'advising John Dawkins in the debasing and over turning of the Ethical and Academic base of Australian Universities'. Indeed, I have no idea what you mean.
At the time of your issue with the University of Wollongong I was a Vice-Chancellor myself, had no website, and did not write in newspapers about matters in other universities. I don't think any other V-C at the time was any different. There are obvious rules and protocol about the extent to which you mind your own patch, and avoid trespassing on others. You may object to this, but that was the situation at the time.
The NTEU did take up your case. So far it has done nothing of which I am aware in the JCU case.
Geoff Croker says:
Its far worse than this. University bureaucracy has dramatically expanded to "manage" Commonwealth funding. The "pressure" to conform comes from their direct costs. The problem this causes with outcomes is predictable. The universities cannot take on projects that result in a solution that will reduce government funding. Projects that make profits long term but need to be seeded with academic input will have less of a chance of funding. Projects based on waffle eg feelings, keep the flow of funds coming from politicians. All that needs to happen is virtue signalling by the university to the media at the appropriate time in the hand out cycle.
This new form a "corruption" is even usurping the problem of mates giving funding to mates.
One of the consequences is that those with real projects do not seek Australian government funding. China is moving in on our IP.
Grahame McCulloch says:
An interesting and reflective piece.
Note an important correction – NTEU has not only recently called for Peter Ridd's reinstatement but has also issued much earlier statements of support for him following the University's prior decision to censure him for so-called misconduct based on a flimsy interpretation of the JCU Code of Conduct. Until recently the press have not picked up or reported this fact.
There has been a number of cases pursued and/or supported by the Union on academic freedom and/or procedural fairness grounds over the last two decades – Ted Steele (Wollongong), Andrew Fraser (Macquarie), Judith Bessant (RMIT),
Roz Ward (Latrobe) and now Ridd.
The union's support in the Steele, Fraser, Ward and Ridd matters attracted some hostility from sections of our membership and the press. The interesting point is that the intellectual and (sometimes political) perspectives of the academics involved have ranged (at least according to my assessment) from the right conservative to radical left poles, and typically criticism of the Uniob's position has reflected the defined orientation of the individual critic or newspaper concerned.
In my book this underlines that NTEU has adopted a principled defence of academic freedom – a necessary condition for a viable university – even at the cost of internal and external criticism.
Grahame McCulloch
General Secretary NTEU
Most universities keep a percentage of grant money awarded to academics as so called administration costs. This "tax" sometimes get levied at several levels, Faculty, Department, Institute and Central Admin. No wonder the administrators might be alarmed if research grant money is threatened.
Michael Dunn says:
Don: — What a useful and well-informed explanation of the general background to this controversy, especially for those of us who graduated long ago and know less about University funding. (On an inflation-adjusted basis, your $30 million research budget in 1987 might have got up to roughly $180 million today. As you say, nothing like approx. $4 billion.)
As a former communications director for a government agency, your description of the interaction between the core staff and their media advisers is accurate. All budget-funded government agencies compete for money, and the media provides much of the 'information' that guides how politicians and senior public servants judge the effectiveness and value of their portfolio agencies.
Thanks, Don. Timely and well said.
"In the last forty years governments have become interested in universities' finding academic support for what they are proposing or have in place."
Interesting that during those same forty years not only has Peter Ridd been connected with JCU and managed to resist their brainwashing policies throughout that time but they also coincide with all the other cli-sci malfeasance and manipulations that have proved to be a goldmine for the greater genus of groupthinkers world wide.
Well measured. Further,I say to the V.C and DVC at JCU ; uncollegial my spotty derrière!
PeterE says:
A very disturbing case -another one.
Michael James says:
The quotation in the title of your website appears to be from Popper, not Mencken. But I expect Mencken did have something humorous to say on the subject. Oscar Wilde did – 'Whenever people agree with me I always feel I must be wrong.'
Michael, you are completely correct, and I'll change the text accordingly. A lot has happened in the last two days, and I was too quick with what I wrote.
In fact, I use a Mencken quote as a footer on those of my emails which have a signature block: "'For every complex problem there is a solution that is neat, simple and wrong.' H. L. Mencken"
Ad a former JCU student I see this as evidence based academic malfeasance and feel ashamed this university has sacked the late Bob Carter and now Peter Ride. Thanks Don for your article in today's OZ. I hope your representation, as a former VC, will put pressure on the right people to resolve this embarrassing situation.
"Not many professors in Australian universities have ever been fired, and sacking should require some extraordinary misbehaviour on the part of the professor. "
How about repeatedly breaching the Code of Conduct (a non-negotiable code for all employees at the University), even after several warnings? Shouldn't that be extraordinary enough? Here's the Code of Conduct: https://www.jcu.edu.au/policy/corporate-governance/code-of-conduct-university-council. Do you think he breached it?
You don't think that JCU's idea of "breaching" might be a little subjective, jimb?:
"In a statement on Sunday JCU explained the sacking, saying it had no objection to Professor Ridd raising scientific research issues. "However, the university has objected to the manner in which he has done this. He has sensationalised his comments to attract attention, has criticised and denigrated published work, and has demonstrated a lack of respect for his colleagues and institutions in doing so," deputy vice-chancellor Iain Gordon said in the statement.
Commenting on the case, federal Education Minister Simon Birmingham said "researchers and universities should be willing to have their work stand up to scrutiny".
"Any university should be encouraging their researchers and students to ask questions, not shutting down debate," he said."
The fact that they have been getting well publicised scientific criticism for years over their methods and conclusions indicates the Ridd solution to be a highly defensive and emotive reaction.
"How about repeatedly breaching the Code of Conduct (a non-negotiable code for all employees at the University)"
How about JCU tell the truth, that he is being sacked for simply telling the truth, jimb?
Jimbo, any reading of that Code of Conduct would show that there is abundant room for argument about what individual elements mean. Professor Ridd could well say he had acted accordingly. The dispute would be about matters of detail. How much respect should he have shown, for example, to colleagues who plainly exceeded the findings of their research in writing for The Conversation and in speaking publicly? Reasonable people might disagree about all this, and no doubt that court will decide the matters.
But you would fire a professor on these grounds? You must run an extraordinarily tight ship.
The answer to your question about 'extraordinary enough' is 'Good heavens, no!'
Once upon a time Universities were one dimensional ideological machines for the so-called Establishment, partiarchy, and God. Indigenous issues only emerged in the 1970's. Before then students were expected to study St Augustine than our own industrial relations system. Any alternative thought was proscribed through either deliberate spoiling operations by ASIO or by behind-the-scenes selection criteria and other snide techniques.
The vaunted "…ability of academics to speak up and out has been one of the universities' great virtues for at least the last hundred years. They used to be proud of it, too" was a polluted stream from a old world ideological echo chamber,
However tertiary institutions have opened up since the warm days (for some) from the 50's and 60's. New social theories, new social movements, new curricula and new participants have evolved more representative of many schisms in society and new pathways (or even demands) for the economy and science.
This "new" reality is the engine that did not exist 30 or better, 40 years ago.
Any defence of Ridd has to be associated with different considerations. Whether his breach of a condition was sufficient for dismissal, and whether the action of an employer was reasonable in light of the actions of every other employer in the nation, even the churches?
Opportunists are trying to pile in all manner of other agendas which will not survive 10 seconds in a court of law.
Chris, my direct involvement in universities ran from 1954 to 2002, and of course I have kept an eye on things in the last sixteen year. Nothing that you say in your comment reminds me of any event, state or culture from that period.
So I suppose you did not notice the huge ferment that arose over the dispute as women demanded that they be included into University courses, the huge ferment as some tried to develop an alternative view of economics, the corralling of Manning-Clark in the ANU (ie froze his institutional career in ANU's SGS) and the emergence of new journals such as "Aboriginal History" and fields of study such as Peace Studies etc.
I am pretty sure if I went through course offerings from the 50's and early 60's I would not find courses on industrial relations but not so 40 years later. Has any one looked into this?
These are all events and represent culture as tertiary education moved out of the state it was in during the 60's to what it became, under Whitlam, and then in the 80's and then into a new state with "education exports" etc in the 90's, to what it has become today, a profit making commercialised entity scraped of many previous Departments such as Romance Languages and totally unable to provide staff with either job security or decent working conditions.
I don't know who to blame, but I would have a look at with Dawkins (unified national system) and Beazley (commercial internationalisation) as first movers in developing the new culture, and to what extent the National Board of Employment, Education and Training went along for the ride.
What huge ferment? There were few women in tenured positions in universities in the 1950s. The first woman professor in NSW was Leonie Kramer (1960s), the first in Australia was Dorothy Hill (earlier). Women had not sought such positions in general.During the 1960s the proportion of women students went up and up. In the 1970s they started to be appointed as tutors and lecturers, in the 1980s as professors. The 'ferment' was about teaching courses in gender studies.
There certainly was someone teaching industrial relations in Sydney in the 1960s.
I don't think you know much about the periods earlier to your own study in universities.
Don you answered your own question …
"What huge ferment? "
"The 'ferment' was about teaching courses in gender studies."
Woman Studies s it happened.
No huge ferment in any of these areas, just the usual claims and counter-claims as interests wanted to to have the curriculum expanded to fit their own agendas. It happens all the time. For example, no one taught political science, then it was included, despite those already in power saying it was being done by history, philosophy, law etc. Then it was sociology's turn with much the same claims and counterclaims. Then accounting, then nursing, and so on. Women's studies is just one of a bunch. Maybe there was a huge ferment among some women academics. One of my staff wanted to include what might gently be called a Marxian account of political economy. We won the war (the unit was approved) and lost the battle (we couldn't use the words 'political economy'). Tourism was another example. For almost anything you want to put on there will be a claim that it is (a) unnecessary, already being done, (b) not scholarly, (c) simply an applied version of what ought to be done within a discipline, (d) not for us, at best a TAFE field, (e) pick your own objection.
Again, I don't think you know much about what actually happened in the way courses grew in the post WWII Australian university.
The opposition to the word "political economy" is evidence of one type ferment. This was the line taken by some old world academics such as Heintz Arndt.
Both political economy (Sydney U) and women's studies (ANU) were introduced only after major student demonstrations with support from some academics. Obvious ferment.
> "Early on I wrote to the JCU Vice-Chancellor to suggest that she move to settle the issues quickly and away from the court …"
Completely disagree with that dodgy wheeze, Aitkin, but that you take that tactic does not surprise me.
You wrote a series of articles some time ago entitled: "How did we get in this mess ?", referring to the vicious, interminable slugfest about anthropogenic climate change and whatever we may do about it. Avoiding direct, open, detailed, public debate on these issues is the most potent method of ensuring said issues go on festering (and the activists have followed this path with unwavering fanaticism – "we do not debate in public"), yet here you are advocating exactly this path. I have always regarded your stance here as hypocritical. When push comes to shove, you value collegial something or others over open scientific method – and then you have the hide to quote Popper.
Please do *not* try the specious reply that the academic debate is available in published papers. These are paywalled and well beyond the general public's reach. One of the JCU Senior Academics tried this dodge on another website a few days ago. He claimed that Ridd had been scientifically rebutted (of course he would). When challenged, he referred to some Letter to the Editor of the Courier Mail, paywalled so we couldn't read it, and in any case not a peer-reviewed, scientific rebuttal but likely just a piece of grant-protection political propaganda. Then he claimed a rebuttal had been published in the literature but was unable to provide any detail at all. Pathetic. And The Conversation ? Ridd has been censored there.
Now this next is a pious hope, I am aware, but we do hope that the actual detailed points of Ridd's accusations of deliberately exaggerated conclusions for public notoriety and Federal funding are acutely exposed in open court. Forcing the MSM to report this honestly is likely several bridges too far and in any event, JCU lawyers will do everything they can to prevent this. We also expect that crowdfunding will again be necessary to meet the imposts from High Court appeals by JCU should adverse findings be made initially. Note I am not assuming Ridd is perfectly correct but we know that the Reef issue is a big emotional lever constantly jammed into the public consciousness, so exaggeration for Federal funding is just so …
JCU's reputation is already in tatters. The Bob Carter episode did that. The only downside I see to open court hearings (we do hope there will be no cleared Court evidence, although I completely mistrust lawyers, especially when lent upon by politicians in power) is that if Ridd actually has a favourable decision, his position at JCU would still be completely compromised. I suppose he would find it easier to find another appointment without the stain of "dishonourable discharge" but staying at JCU would be unbearable for him, one would think.
Ian, in one of the earlier essays I said I had some sympathy with the JCU V-C. And my own working rule when I was a V-C was 'never go to court'. Courts do not, in cases like this, deal with the real issues. The most likely procedure will be to find out whether or not (a) the University had the power to sack Professor Ridd, (b) whether there were processes too follow (c) whether these processes were followed, (d) whether the code of conduct admits of only one reading, and so on. None of the science issues need to be part of this. The notion that an academic has to stand up and be accountable for what he or she sees as the 'truth' of a matter is unlikely ever to be looked at.
It is for these reasons that I suggested that the matter be deal with out of court. I would like to know whether or not that route was followed at all, and if it wasn't ,why not.
My own belief is that universities that deal with their staff in the way that seems to be the case in re Ridd have no regard either for their reputation or for their staff.
I am not sure whether this reply makes my position clearer, but it is the best I can do.
"And my own working rule when I was a V-C was 'never go to court'. Courts do not, in cases like this, deal with the real issues. "
It was Ridd that took it to the courts. Assuming JCU are confident they've done nothing wrong, what else can they do but turn up and defend their position?
Jimbo, go back and read the earlier essays, then go and read the material that you will find through the links. Then you will have some sense of the way this whole issue has unfolded.
I agree with Don, that taking this to court is unlikely to directly address the science.
Had it been possible to resolve Ridd's conflict with JCU by negotiation it would have left him able to speak openly and further debate of the science in the open.
As it is I fear he will be crushed by legal expenditure rather than superior argument. JCU has $100s of millions at stake, so they will simply drive him into the ground. Their lawyers may seek to break him personally by preventing him from ceasing action in future with the threat of JCU's legal costs. Ridd may have unleashed legal monster he won't be able to control, no matter how good his scientific and moral arguments. Public debate will be reduced as a result.
The answer seems to be cautiously reduce government funding for science, at least the scientific method according to universities. What I'd really like to see is some sort of Henry the eighth figure close universities down and disperse the ideologically combative coteries. Would we be worse off? It's a moot point
Ridd is but the latest casualty from the environmentalist Bolsheviks, who have infected academia in Australia. First it was Bob Carter, whose association and emeritus status at JCU were terminated because he spoke inconvenient facts.
http://joannenova.com.au/2013/06/jcu-caves-in-to-badgering-and-groupthink-blackballs-politically-incorrect-bob-carter/
Then it was Murry Salby, who, after presenting inconvenient research, Macquarie university prohibited from teaching climate and reduced his chair of climate to marking student papers for other academics. When Salby objected, he was accused of misconduct and sacked.
https://mlsxmq.wixsite.com/salby-macquarie/page-1f
Now it's Peter Ridd, who was likewise censured (i.e., censored) because he questioned the climate change industry by speaking inconvenient facts. When he objected, Ridd too was accused of misconduct and sacked.
The real casualty from this disgraceful behavior is the public, through the loss of international image, living standard, and Australia's future, which is shaped by its standard of education. What our corrupt education industry is producing is not critical thinkers, who have been removed, but indoctrinated morons. It's how they did it in 1917.
Graeme Doreian says:
Thankyou Don,
I agree with all your support for Peter Ridd.
My colleque and I are suffering the same incompetence and coverups by Government, senior bureaucrats, and Universities of the truth and how to establish the truth, regarding the correct insulations for an Australian climate.
We are in constant contact with a Professor that worked at James Cook University that had his one person division closed down, and made redundant regarding building energy efficiency, more so residential.
I would suggest for similar reasons to Peter Ridd, our man has a conscience too.
His Curriculum vitae spanned 13 pages up to 2005, and he is still assisting us on our crusade for the truth.
As a brief recent background, I represented the public interest unpaid, with no backing from any organisation, and gave evidence (as one of seven it voluntary witnesses, only myself and my colleque were prepared to be named) on the stand, under oath regarding electrical issues, and was quoted thirteen times in the 361 page final report to the 2014 Royal Commission Home Insulation Program,
Basically for 27 million dollars, Government/s have failed to protect people when they enter the hostile environment of a roof space.
Remembering, Governments do influence Standards which are called up in regulation as I have found during my extensive research.
I have the whole history enough for legal action, and like Peter and his supporters want to pursue the issue in the National and public interest.
I would really like to contact yourself, and Peter Ridd, for some un biased advice please.
I finish with this.
WHAT WOULD YOU DO, IF YOUR SON, FATHER, OR TRADEPERSON WAS SERIOUSLY INJURED OR KILLED IN YOUR ROOF SPACE, JUST DOING THEIR JOB?
Mark M says:
Also the UWA and the Lomborg centre.
I might add, that those who attract funding, are sometimes given more freedom to break procedural rules and less accountability in how they conduct their research, at least until the money runs out. I saw this in the early 1990s in the earth sciences, which were then struggling to attract much funding of any kind. Researchers who brought in funding were given the most senior positions and certain freedoms in conducting their research that they should never have had, and in which positions they immediately abused. My university at that time did not apply the same standards to those who brought in funding, compared to those who didn't, and they knew it and exploited it, also knowing there would be few repercussions if they did so.
Rafe Champion says:
Karl Popper called it in 1945 writing The Poverty of Historicism in New Zealand. The progress of science could be stopped by government control of research and suppression of free speech.
….. cry me a river
meanwhile Australia has just had its warmest April on record. Just saying.
"meanwhile Australia has just had its warmest April on record."
And don't forget the accelerating SLR while you are at it, Davie.
Meanwhile Australia's beaches have never been healthier or wider.
And I still keep looking for all those thousands of dead Lorikeets and Rosellas that Capt Arthur Phillip saw in 1791 but they just keep eluding me these days.
Have you spotted any yourself?
Or do you possibly think the bureaucrats might be using us for their own ulterior purpose?
"Debating the Paris climate agreement is it $5 trillion to 2030 or $100-200 trillion by 2100 or is it both"
Louis Hissink says:
When I was working in Halls Creek, circa 2008, I inadvertently collided with a small bird with the vehicle and it became stuck in the radiator grill. At arriving home I extracted the corpse and left it on the ground, a cement pad, in order to see how it was recycled back into the biosphere.
The ants did a splendid job and totally removed the corpse, beak and all. In fact no bones at all were left. Considering the trillions of living birds in the environment, it's interesting that none seem to end up being fossilised. Even bird beaks seem to become recycled back into the biosphere.
No dead bird accumulations.
Fossilisation feory seems incomplete.
If you go to the climate4website you'll see that other parts of the world have had shockingly cold Marches and Aprils. It's called 'weather'. Your comment might better have been posted to the May Off-Topic Thread.
Or you could look at it this way, Davie:
"Greenies love to condemn urban air pollution and say how bad for us it is. Faulty science on fine particulate pollution (PM2.5) was the bedrock of the Obama EPA's war on coal. Particulates don't just make you sick; they are directly related "to dying sooner than you should," EPA Administrator Lisa Jackson falsely told Congress. There is no level "at which premature mortality effects do not occur," Mr. Obama's next Administrator Gina McCarthy dishonestly testified.
The latest research findings below are very powerful evidence on the question. The study included the entire Medicare population from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2012. And their finding that only one in a million people die from particulate air pollution is pretty decisive. If you bother about that tiny risk, you should never get out of bed.
The authors pretend that their findings support the Greenies but they would have been reviled if they had said the truth: That their findings show that air pollution is not dangerous.
Air pollution from smoky cooking-fires has probably been part of the human experience for something like a million years and we have adapted to it. We just cough it up."
https://jamanetwork.com/learning/article-quiz/5183
A reader has asked me to insert this comment:
'I assume Chris comes from The Conversation far left, Don. As a university student from 1950 to 1956 and again in 1959 to 1965, his claims about reality in those days confirm his abysmal ignorance. We had a very active communist group at Melbourne University in the early 1950s and an equally active Roman Catholic group. As well we had Barry Humphries, who got far more publicity and influence than the political ideologue groups!'
I said that the Minister had not said anything, and that is still true However the Minister for the Environment has come out with a statement:
'The controversy around Peter Ridd raises important issues. Academic freedom and the right to challenge what may be perceived as accepted wisdoms are essential in any free society and for that reason I'm concerned about the handling of this matter. It is only with scrutiny and open debate that we test theories, reach conclusions and take public opinion with us.
Professor Ridd has challenged the view of some that bleaching in the Great Barrier Reef is " a new phenomenon" and has questioned that some peer-reviewed science is not proven. Just because one says the problem is exaggerated, doesn't mean one denies there is a problem.
I accept that the reef is facing a number of serious challenges including those posed by climate change. But I see the reef as remarkably resilient, more so than others might, and with the application of the best research which is continually subject to scrutiny, we will continue to ensure a bright future for the reef.
Josh Frydenberg, Environment Minister, Canberra, ACT.'
Senator Birmingham has joined in, and here is part of his speech:
'However, where there are claims that the opinions of research staff such as Peter Ridd influenced the decision to sack them, then the university ought to explicitly detail credible grounds to justify its actions.
While individual staff or students may produce content that looks as if it could have come from left-wing lobby group GetUp! — such as Monash University's "If you don't like it, change it" campaign, which features a montage of left-wing causes from Manus Island to the "stolenwealth games" — their administrators need to ensure they aren't presented as ads that imply the whole institution shares those opinions.
And what has the Labor Party had to say on any of these cases? Deafening silence.'
My personal experience, particularly when I approached my mid sixties, is that universities will act up to and beyond the limits of the law if they believe it is in their interest, and they think they can get away with it. The only way to bring them to heel is to drag them before Tribunals or the Courts.
Frydenberg to Peter Ridd issue at James Cook Uni.
Very measured response from Frydenberg,
However for myself he has "put his foot in it."
THESE ARE MY OBSERVATIONS
Quote from Frydenberg comment
"It is only with scrutiny and open debate that we test theories, reach conclusions and take public opinion with us."
Building energy efficiency. Where is the open debate?
How do "we test these theories" Mr Frydenberg?
There is no facility to test theories and question building energy efficiency regulations and Standards.
Peter Ridd exposes what Tim Renouf and Graeme Doreian have been pressing for years. Research that is questionable.
Questionable science?
"reach conclusions"
No correct testing in a building climate simulator, no conclusions
"take public opinion with us"
Yes Mr Frydenberg, you and your "mates "have taken the public; "for mugs."
o	high energy usage,
o	high energy prices, more costly to consumer
Correctly insulated homes for the varying climates of Australia reduces all these energy issues.
Do you care? NO. YES, keeping your job.
Quote from Frydenberg comment below.
"questioned that some peer-reviewed science is not proven. Just because one says the problem is exaggerated, doesn't mean one denies there is a problem"
"questioned that some peer-reviewed science is not proven"
This statement above applies to Building energy efficiency
o	only one research paper from 1968/69 has any credibility
o	all the remaining research is flawed, a lot paid for by Governments.
o	Mr Frydenberg along with a number of his colleagues knows the points above, but everyone closes a blind eye.
"Just because one says the problem is exaggerated, doesn't mean one denies there is a problem"
o	Let's see the proof, to give your statement above a slight chance of credibility?
o	Let's have an open forum?. Just as Tim and Graeme have been calling for, for years regarding building energy efficiency.
o	This statement is a typical political no sense statement, so the political system can stay neutral to avoid committing to do something constructive to sort out issues.
Finally, I believe Frydenberg has to defend the questionable granting of 444 million dollars, plus the research and cost to build and operate the Federal Government funded Sea Simulator at Townsville.
The issues with Universities, and Governments assistance is an ongoing issue when I have been speaking with people working in them but no one has the guts to standup because they need the money to feed their families pay their bills. Good on you Peter.
Yes, Graeme, groupthinking Australian universities are probably the worst in the world particularly with their one eyed philosophy on global warming.
It speaks volumes about their attitude to all science and the likelihood of us ever getting any balance:
https://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/07/08/professor-critical-of-agw-theory-being-disenfranchised-exiled-from-academia-in-australia/
And how pathetic was this from one of our leading institutions of "learning"?:
http://www.heraldsun.com.au/blogs/andrew-bolt/university-caves-to-group-think-bjorn-lomborg-banned/news-story/4cfab076b7238799a990f5f08ecb5311
Thanks Don it is a good insight into the rot of our universities. As you say there is going to be no good outcome. His career as a professor at JCU has ended not to return. At best perhaps a financial settlement but then where does he go from there? I perceive government funding for research can easily produce meaningless results. The only result you will get is that which does not threaten the funding being continued.
There is an article in today's Australian that discusses this issue fully https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/no-room-for-differing-views/news-story/70c3e73570eccb414eb26fb22c31e6f9 I suggest that you subscribe if you have not already because it is the only newspaper that will discuss the decline of our civilisation in general.
And it just keeps coming. I suggest reading through this article and listening to the various commentators I have. For me it is not new and I would prefer to call this the alternative media since I think the term the dark web is formulated to denigrate. There is certainly a reaction to the darkness of intellectual suppression.
https://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/inquirer/say-you-want-a-revolution-listen-to-the-online-freethinkers/news-story/452fe4d92d8147242262cc81330927cd
Donald Pauly says:
I am astounded that the Global Warming Hoaxers have even more power Down Under than they do here in the USA. As far as I know, no Global Warming Denier has ever lost tenure here. My discovery of Joanne Nova made this tedious read worthwhile.
Not sure how a statement about the ambient temperature is deemed off topic to a discussion about coral bleaching.
…in case you have not noticed the Barrier Reef in not located in "other parts of the world" .
Although I have not fully thought it through, I believe there are some fundamental changes underway to our perceived political and social functioning. Many of our institutions have become virtual retail corporations run almost solely by powerful CEOs and responsible to no one. The University sector is a prime example. Many are merely commercial enterprises.
So too are many sporting bodies, especially cricket and AFL. Just as Education has become a commodity, so too are the sports of cricket and football. The activity, learning and research and playing sport has become secondary to profits.
It is not clear where this is headed or how widespread it is, but it is a fundamental change that deserves some serious analysis.
The NTEU has finally come to the party, in the form of a letter circulated to embers and the wide world by the union's Queensland secretary. Part of it runs as follows:
'Of most concern is that Professor Ridd was sacked primarily for an alleged breach of confidentiality and insubordination. To summarise the University's apparent position, Professor Ridd was required to keep quiet about the formal censure he received last year. That censure was the result of a misconduct process that management ran about his comments on the science pertaining to the Great Barrier Reef and scientific method used to underpin that science. They said that those comments were made inappropriately and disrespectfully. They said his comments denigrated his colleagues. They said that the findings and the censure were confidential.
Professor Ridd did not accept the results of the internal misconduct process and did not accept that he should remain quiet about what he saw as an injustice. He went to the Federal Court to protect himself. In my previous letter, I argued that the Enterprise Agreement did not require confidentiality about the misconduct process on the part of Professor Ridd. To the contrary, I argued that the Intellectual Freedom clause in the JCU Agreement explicitly allowed him to question university processes and decisions. I stand by those statements.
It is ironic in the extreme that JCU management appear to have been trying to protect the reputation of the University and bodies like the Australian Institute of Marine Science. Given the nature of the (entirely predictable) extensive media coverage, all management have done is to feed a right-wing media narrative that universities are conformist and actively suppress heterodox views on topics such as climate change.
A university, even a relatively young one such as JCU should have the courage of its convictions and commitment to its mission so as to allow its staff to engage in robust scientific, political and academic debates, regardless of any perceived reputational damage that critical positions might generate.
The simple fact of the matter is that defence of the core value of genuine academic freedom is not well served by the corporate, top-down, anti-collegial and managerialist structure and culture in today's universities, and is incompatible with managerial preoccupations with "brand" and "image". This might explain why so many university managements (including JCU) sought to remove Academic/Intellectual Freedom clauses from our Enterprise Agreements in the current round of bargaining.
Whither academic freedom?
In this environment, the NTEU is obliged to reassert its commitment to academic freedom, even or especially where its expression contains statements that may be at odds with many or most members' views. Without the maintenance of the core value of academic freedom, our universities would cease to be worthy of the name.
The NTEU calls for the immediate reinstatement of Professor Peter Ridd.'
http://www.nteu.org.au/article/NTEU-statement-calling-for-the-reinstatement-of-Professor-Peter-Ridd-20601
Jennifer Marohasy pointed this statement out to me, for which many thanks.
An interesting and reflective piece from you, as always.
Note that your comment here that NTEU has 'finally come to the party' is inaccurate. Prior to the Union's most recent statement calling for Ridd's reinstatement NTEU had issued earlier statements supporting Ridd when he was previously censured for misconduct based on a flimsy management interpretation of the JCU Code of Conduct. This fact has not been picked up by most commenting on the case including the press.
Over the last two decades there has been a number of high profile cases involving the termination of university staff where the Union has defended the staff member on academic and/or procedural fairness grounds – Ted Steele (Wollongong),
Andrew Fraser (Macquarie), Judith Bessant (RMIT), Roz Ward (Latrobe) and now Peter Ridd.
The intellectual (and sometimes political) orientation of the various staff involved has ranged (in my estimation at least) across a spectrum including radical right and radical left positions, and at least three of the staff were unpopular with many of their colleagues.
The Union's support for some of these cases generated considerable criticism from sections of our membership and the press. In many instances it was not surprising that the critics and papers concerned had opinions sharply at odds with the terminated staff member.
In my book this underlines that the Union has always adopted a principled defence of academic freedom – a necessary condition for a viable university – even in the face of internal and external pressure and criticism.
Thank you, Grahame. I was unaware of the earlier intervention on the NTEU's part. I believe that JCU's attitude in this case is an example of not learning from mistakes and not foreseeing likely problems with a proposed course of action, but just making decisions through a knee-jerk reaction.
All universities should avoid legal action in courts. They are a sign that something hasn't been done properly internally (I am speaking here of matters internal to the university). They cost a lot of money, and they rarely solve anything. In my twelve years on the UC payroll we did not go to court at all, and my instructions to our lawyers were to foresee problems and alert them to us early. We were taken to the the AAT by a student who wanted to see the examination scripts of the students who had passed the unit he had failed, and we told him he couldn't, for privacy reasons. He did not accept that, and the President of the AAT agree with the University. FOI was available for him to see his own scripts but not those of anyone else. The student finally graduated…
I agree that the Union will get flak from people who object to what has been said… why is the unions supporting this ratbag? etc. Ken Buckley once told me that three quarters of the people the old FAUSA had defended were troublemakers and difficult, but you had to support them anyway. Universities were not there as Sunday Schools, all peace and light.
It seems strange that an employer should impose such confidentiality on an unwilling employee when no such requirement was the basis of employment.
I doubt whether they have the right to do this.
They obviously have the right to respond to an abusive denigrator who disrupts collegiality, but not under a veil of secrecy unless both sides agree.
The current sacking appears to be triggered by Ridd's lack of acceptance of a confidentiality condition where there is no confidentiality agreement.
Any employer – public service, private corporation, university, whatever – has the right to take action against disrupters depending on the extent of their disruption.
"Any employer – public service, private corporation, university, whatever – has the right to take action against disrupters depending on the extent – AND INCONVENIENCE – of their disruption."
FIFY blith.
Ridd's lack of acceptance was in fact JCU's lack of acceptance.
How neomarxist-degenerate are universities becoming? In Canada recently, Lindsay Shepherd, a teaching assistant was disciplined and told that superiors would have to sit in on her lectures, for showing a Jordan Peterson video in class:


text:
Cyperaceae Juss.
Cyperus L.
Cyperus baoulensis Kük.
This species is accepted, and its native range is W. & W. Central Tropical Africa.
According to Flora of West Tropical Africa
[FWTA]
Cyperaceae, Miss S. S. Hooper. Flora of West Tropical Africa 3:2. 1972
Morphology General Habit
Plant up to 1·2 m. tall
Morphology Reproductive morphology Inflorescences
Few, long rays, characterized by the very large, triangular, light brown glumes, spreading at maturity
Marshy grassland.
Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Togo
Mariscus baoulensis (Kük.) Hutch. ex J.-P.Lebrun & Stork
Cyperus baoulensis Kük. appears in other Kew resources:
First published in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 20(101): 467 (1936)
Brunel, J.F., Hiepo, P. & Scholz, H. (eds.) (1984). Flore Analytique du Togo Phanérogames: 1-751. GTZ, Eschborn.
Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.
Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.
Flora of West Tropical Africa
in Engl., Pflanzenr. Cyper. 467 (1936).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Meet Max Maroe
CEO and Founder of PushyPixels
Max Maroe
About Max
Mentor of Game Programming
Max is a lifelong gamer and game developer. From the early days of playing games on the Commadore 64 to developing on the bleeding edge of virtual reality, Max has devoted his life to the universes inside our computers.
He started learning programming in the early days of the internet and went to DigiPen for his college education in Real Time Interactive Simulation. He worked at Sony Bend Studio for 8 years, progressing from a tester, to tool test, to build management, and finally to production assistant and design roles. He has since worked on countless projects at several smaller studios, including ZeroTransform and his own studio, PushyPixels.
As well as being a CG Spectrum mentor, Max is currently pursuing the development of a multitude of VR and XR games and systems for collaborative online game development within VR.
Max's Games
Credits include: Uncharted, Syphon Filter, and Resistance series, Vanguard V and more.
Learn Game Dev from industry pros
Introduction to Game Design
3 months - 20hrs weekly
Find out what makes an addicting game, starting with game mechanics and systems, genres, level design and world building. Expect a mix of theory, paper design, concepting and hands-on practice using Unreal Engine and start building a game!
Introduction to Game Programming
Ideal for beginners with little or no programming knowledge! Starting with the fundamentals, you'll master the basic syntax of C++, get to know the most important programming concepts used in development, and create a simple game from scratch.
Introduction to Real-Time 3D & Virtual Production
Go from installing the Unreal Engine to creating a fully playable character within it. This short course helps beginners wanting to work in film or games get the hang of working with the engine and surrounding pipelines including basic rigging, animation and motion capture.
Go from inexperienced programmer to capable Unreal Engine developer! Once you've learned C++, begin building fun 2D and 3D levels with fully interactive animated characters. Finish with a playable game and a great understanding of Unreal Engine's interface and tools..
Using real-world case studies, you will learn how to deconstruct games, tackle complex design problems, see what makes a good user experience, bring your own ideas to life, write design documents, and develop a game pitch. Finish with a fully playable game!
Foundations of Game Art Course
Learn game art essentials like 3D modeling and animation using Maya, Substance Painter, and Unreal Engine. As you get the hang of building assets and animating your characters, you'll develop portfolio pieces like walk cycles, combat actions, and stylized 3D models and weapons.
Real-time 3D & Virtual Production Course
Train to become a real-time 3D technical artist! Learn world building, lighting and camera essentials, and create a film quality cinematic shot using Unreal Engine. You'll also see how to apply these skills in the real world for job roles on a stage volume.
Learn more about Max's experience or connect with him on LinkedIn.
Your mentor is ready, are you?
New intakes at the beginning of the month, every month. Enquire today to secure your seat.
Meet our other mentors
While at Ubisoft, AAA programmer Firas released almost a game a year including Far Cry 3, 4, 5, Assassin's Creed 3, Your Shape, Splinter Cell: Blacklist and Watchdogs 2 and 3.
Known for Assassin's Creed 3
Bryan Griffiths
After 20 years in the industry, AAA game expert Bryan has worked on titles like Too Human, X-Men: Destiny, Rollers of the Realm, Debris, and now Far Cry 6.
Known for Far Cry 6
Elias Jacobs
From indie dev to AAA dev, Elias is an animation programmer at Build a Rocket Boy Studio where he's working on soon-to-be-released game, Everywhere.
Known for Past Cure
Rob Brooks
Rob has developed games and experiences for a number of platforms from mobile and desktop to virtual reality. He specializes in creating gameplay mechanics and quick-fire game prototypes for a number of video game companies.
Known for Dev Enabled
Daniel Punch
Daniel has experience in game development as well as other applications. He contributed to Marvel Super Hero Squad and was a member of the Need for Speed: No Limits team.
Known for Marvel Super Hero Squad
Ming Zhang
With over 6 years of experience in the game industry, Ming has worked for Ubisoft, Activision, and Gameloft. He has also applied his programming skills in a wide range of areas.
Known for Tom Clancy's EndWar
Will Masek
Will teaches Game Programming and Design at an undergraduate level in the UK and undertaking contract work to keep close ties with a number of developers and studios.
Known for Sniper Elite III: Afrika


NARRATOR: In the mountains of Afghanistan, the 10th Mountain Division patrols the highest corners of this troubled country. For 6 decades this remarkable division has put fear in the hearts of America¹s enemies in the world¹s harshest terrainsŠrevolutionizing winter mountain warfare abroadŠ and winter sports at home. This is their story.
NARRATOR: The mountains of eastern Afghanistan are a fortress for dangerous Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters. They¹re a nearly impossible obstacle for the U.S. Army¹s most deployed military soldiers, the 10th Mountain Division.
SUPER: Command Sgt Major Frank Grippe: The 10th Mountain attitude is to bring the fight to the enemy. We have fought in the snow. We have fought in the highest altitudes the American military has ever fought in.
NARRATOR: Endless patrols seek out the enemy. Dangerous, deadly patrols. Victory seems a long way off.
SUPER: COL Arthur Bartell: It¹s clear when you talk to young soldiers that they are part of something that transcends now. That¹s not lost on the soldiers of the 10th Mtn Division.
NARRATOR: They are one of the most unique divisions active today, born out of hard lessons learned when Hitler¹s vast war machine smashed eastward into Russia in the darkest days of World War Two. The real enemy was winter. Unprepared, the Germans were devastated.
SUPER: FLINT: Staying alive becomes a major consideration for the troops in the field.
NARRATOR: Mountains and winter, an even deadlier combination.
Flint: It¹s whoever holds the high ground has the upper hand, because it¹s very difficult to attack uphill. Here in America, they realized we were very much unprepared if the United States were to get into the war and face that type of situation.
NARRATOR: Specialized mountain troops didn¹t exist in the U.S. Army. They had no expertise, no special equipment, and no idea where to start. Inspired by the tiny band of Finnish mountain troops who brought invading Soviets to their knees, the dream of a mountain division was born.
SUPER: John Imbrie: People like Minnie Dole began to wonder suppose the Germans or the Russians decided to invade through Canada? Would we be able to stop them?
NARRATOR: Charles Minot Dole was the legendary head of the National Ski Patrol. He brought his vision of mountain troops to an unwilling military dedicated to flatland fighting. Olympic athletes, expert skiers and climbers rushed to join the ranks.
John: And that began the ski troops. So the 10th was brought into action two weeks before our nation was attacked at Pearl Harbor.
NARRATOR: With the war clearly going badly, the mountain troops became heroes for a very scared American public.
NEWSREEL: And what men they are, everyone a volunteer. Many are world famous skiers & mountain climbers, many are amateurs, and many are greenhorns.
NARRATOR: One of the idols was Norwegian ski jumper Torger Tokle, the Babe Ruth of Ski Jumping. This modest fellow was a living legend who would lead in training and in combat, and inspire others to do the same.
NARRATOR: There had never been such backbreaking training. Camped high in the Colorado Mountains, they were exposed to temperatures down to thirty below zero.
SUPER: Hugh Evans: I didn¹t think under certain conditions that we were put, that we could actually survive the cold.
NARRATOR: Each man hauled ninety pounds of gear at altitudes approaching thirteen thousand feet.
SUPER: DUKE WATSON: People began to drop out who couldn¹t cope with that much elevation gain.
NARRATOR: No jeeps, no tanks, no trucks. Just the men, their skis and whatever they could carry.
SUPER: KEN MACDONALD: I¹d never seen guys this tough and this well-conditioned, this determined to make soldiers.
SUPER: Bill Brown: We used to say that combat was easier than the training at Camp Hale. But I think we were before our time.
NARRATOR: With Army procedures and equipment irrelevant or hopelessly outdated, they pioneered critical survival techniques and gear, adding to their enormous backpacks.
NARRATOR: Even one of the 10th¹s expert outdoorsmen, Tap Tapley who would later lead in Outward Bound found it tricky.
SUPER: Tap Tapley: We were pushed to our limits many times. You learn a lot about yourself. Once you get thrown around and the pack hits the ground 1st & your skis go up in the air & you just roll until you get the skis back on the ground. You usually roll quite a ways.
NARRATOR: The vision of such a highly mobile strike force was so ahead of its time that logistics and supplies couldn¹t keep up.
John: At Camp Hale and later Camp Swift we learned to use mules. Many people like myself never learned to love mules, but we did learn to use mules for transport.
NARRATOR: In Europe, Americans were dying. In Washington, it was clear Army commanders had no idea what to with a division saddled with 90 pound backpacks and 5000 mules.
Flint: That was tremendous logistical problem-- they were so specialized. Overseas commanders looked at the 10th and said it looks like an interesting bunch, but no thanks!
NARRATOR: Training continued with extended winter camping maneuvers testing everyone¹s limits. Blizzards blowing horizontal snow. Record low temperatures. There was a growing sense the war might pass them by.
BILL BROWN: We all thought are we ever going to put this together? We trained and trained and trained and nobody wanted us.
NARRATOR: In 1943, the Japanese breach America¹s borders, invading two mountainous islands off the coast of Alaska. Fears of a mainland invasion rage, as bloody battles on Attu Island cost 4000 American casualties. The Army needs specialized soldiers and the mountain men finally get their chance. Cocky and confident, they are ready to prove themselves. Amidst a literal fog of war, they arrive on Kiska.
SUPER: Karl Stingl: It was just miserable. The wind was blowing and the fog was hanging in there. The whole mountain looked it was just a wall right in front of us.
NARRATOR: But the Japanese have vanished, withdrawing their five thousand soldiers beneath a cloak of thick fog, defying the Allies¹ naval blockade. Unaware of the Japanese retreat, things begin to go terribly wrong.
SUPER: John Hendron: We thought we were dealing with the enemy. It certainly would have been different if we had a clue we might be shooting at our own people.
SUPER: RUSO PERKINS: That was a fiasco. It was terrifying‹no commands. I just stayed where I was. Finally the daylight came and things calmed down.
NARRATOR: Bloodied by friendly fire, they fear they¹ll never get another chance to prove themselves. They¹re sent back to Colorado to train new recruits in the most brutal winter maneuvers yet. Known as D-Series, it was 6 weeks of mock battles at thirteen thousand feet with subzero temperatures.
SUPER: MONI WUERSLIN: I know D Series was terrible in a lot of ways but it was part of the whole mountain mystique. And so we took it seriously because we thought we were going to need all our experience to survive.
SUPER: BOB YANK: When you got to combat you didn¹t think anything could be as bad. It was often down to -35. Are we ever going to survive this?
MAP # 2 at 10:34 shows Italy & mountains & pan up boot from Anzio.
John: Of course we read the news about the battles at Anzio. We knew they were struggling in bloody battles as they struggled up the boot. The question is often asked why did it take the 10th so long to get into combat? There were reports written by the Army, very critical, not only about the officer leadership in the 10th. But particularly about the fact that we didn¹t have heavy enough weapons to stand up in combat against the German Army.
NARRATOR: Training with heavy weapons meant moving to the extreme heat of Texas. As they sweltered, the Allies stormed the beaches of Normandy.
John: In the 10th, many soldiers were impatient. They wanted to get in & win this war, finish the job and get the job done.
NARRATOR: But by the end of 1944, the Allies are totally bogged down in Italy. They had suffered terribly through 16 months of bloody fighting trying to take the northernmost Apennine Mountains. It left them no closer to victory, but left Italy in shambles.
NARRATOR: The German¹s defensive ³Winter Line² extends from sea to sea: 38 miles deep and 180 miles long, controlling all the high ground. It¹s impossible for the Allied 5th Army to move forward towards Germany.
John Imbrie: Italy is essentially a series of ridges. When you take one ridge, there¹s another one. By the time you got to that ridge, the Germans had prepared almost inevitably a brilliant defense.
NARRATOR: At last war-planners finally had a job only the 10th could do. It was a deadly mission to capture this last invincible line of ridges. Highway 64, tucked deep in this valley was crucial. With the Germans dug into the mountain tops overlooking it, this narrow winding road became a tenuous lifeline for the 10th.
Flint: So the 10th looked it with kind of fresh eyes. In order to be able to move the 5th Army down Route 64, they would have to take Mt. Belvedere. But the key to Belvedere was taking Riva Ridge, because that¹s where the German observers were. Any attempt to attack Mount Belvedere which was the commanding peak in that area was doomed to failure without taking Riva Ridge first.
NARRATOR: Riva Ridge rose steeply, 2000 feet from the valley floor. The 10th devised a simple, but perfect plan to scale the steep mountain of rock before them.
Flint: Riva Ridge had a sheer face facing them-the 10th Mtn was down here in the valley.
John: It¹s a two thousand foot, very steep cliff. To my knowledge, no one ever tried to take Riva Ridge before. And if you look at it in the wintertime you can see why.
SUPER: Andrew Gordon: We looked at it from down below and we couldn¹t believe it. But we thought we¹re being asked to do it and we¹re going to do it.
NARRATOR: The commander of the Riva Ridge operation, Colonel Henry Hampton, ordered assault teams to map 5 routes. The most difficult required ropes & pitons. Ironically, the specialized gear the 10th had developed, tested and trained with, sat in a stateside warehouse. The soldiers made do.
Flint: The whole key to the operation was we¹re going to do it at night, we¹re going to do it without any artillery fire to alert the enemy that an attack is coming & we¹re going to do it as quickly as possible.
NARRATOR: As the operation neared, Commanding General George Hays delivered a remarkable speech to his division, encouraging the troops responsible for capturing Mt. Belvedere after Riva Ridge was taken.
SUPER: Hans Thompson: General Hays told us just stay in touch with the man ahead of you. Just keep going up the hill and we¹ll all meet at the top. I was really reassured by his quiet sense of confidence.
NARRATOR: When the sun set on a chilly February 18th, an eerie mist drifted in Š and over 700 men converged on Riva Ridge. The rest of the division held their breath, knowing their turn will come the next night on Mount Belvedere.
SUPER: Dave Rankine: We start up the mountain. We cross the bridge and we¹re in a single file. And the thing that worried myself was the fact that usually we had one medic with us as a platoon. And this time we have 5 or 6 medics and I thought they¹re expecting a lot of us to wounded and killed.
SUPER: Hal Willits: We approached the top of the ridge in a fog-we could not see anything, and the snow was 3 or 4 feet deep.
SUPER: Al Partridge: When we pushed up over the ridge at the last minute, the Germans were still eating breakfast.
Flint: I think the Germans were very surprised to see the Americans coming up from the side they declared unclimbable.
Al Partridge: All of a sudden, ³wham,² the next thing I remember I had been hit.
John: For the next five days the ground was in jeopardy. And without the tram, it would have been much harder to supply those people.
NARRATOR: One company, dangerously low on ammunition, called for reinforcements‹ and even artillery on their own position.
SUPER: Bob Thompson: We were fighting for our lives. We couldn¹t fall back‹we didn¹t even think about that. We just thought we were going to hold it.
NARRATOR: Badly outnumbered, they repeat the call for artillery on their own position in hopes of knocking out the encroaching Germans.
Bob Thompson: You know artillery fire is deadly. It was almost too close.
NARRATOR: By the time the battle was over, the Germans lost their critical observation post and the battle was on for Mount Belvedere and beyond.
NARRATOR: Back stateside, families clung together, sharing any scrap of news from the front.


We hope each and every one of you have a fantastic and safe Halloween!
Thanks for hosting this great party! Happy Halloween!!
I love beets, and your roasted beets sound so easy and tasty, Julie! Thanks so much for hosting and Happy Halloween!
Thanks for a great party and for the feature! Have a happy Halloween!
Thanks so much for hosting and for taking the time to visit each week!!
Thanks for always hosting the party and for the inspiration shared!
Thanks so much for the party Julie. So many great items and recipes, it's hard to tell which to make.
Enjoy Halloween night and don't eat to much candy.
Hi Julie, Great features this week. Love the Halloween features and the wreath is stunning.
Thanks for hosting Julie. Happy Halloween to you.
Some really great choices for the season!
Man you get the posts!! This is always an amazing link-up, Julie!
Thanks for the party! I hope you're having a fabulous week, Julie.
So happy to play along! Hope your day is a great one!!!


Scan your buddy, give it a name and enjoy all the activities!
The app contains exciting games to play once your buddy has eaten and slept well!
Take silly selfies of your Lumo buddies and share them with your friends!
Available for free on the Google Play and App Store!!


text:
Аксентьево — деревня в Западнодвинском районе Тверской области России. Входит в состав Ильинского сельского поселения.

География
Деревня расположена в южной части района. К юго-западной части Аксентьево примыкает деревня Великая Нива.

Расстояния (по автодорогам):

 До районного центра, города Западная Двина — 66 км
 До центра сельского поселения, посёлка Ильино — 16 км

История
Деревня впервые упоминается под названием Аксентьева на топографической карте Фёдора Шуберта, изданной в 1865 году.

На карте РККА, изданной в 1941 году обозначена деревня Аксентьева. Имела 40 дворов.

В 1995 — 2005 годах деревня являлась центром упразднённого в настоящее время Аксентьевского сельского округа. по состоянию на 1997 год в деревне имелось 51 хозяйство и проживал 121 человек. В Аксентьево находилась администрация сельского округа, центральная усадьба колхоза «Мир», неполная средняя школа, детский сад, медпункт, дом культуры, библиотека, хлебопекарня.

Население

В 2002 году население деревни составляло 93 человека (население всего Аксентьевского сельского округа — 310 человек).

 Национальный состав

Согласно результатам переписи 2002 года, в национальной структуре населения русские составляли 99 % от жителей.

Примечания

Населённые пункты Западнодвинского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The benefit of offline booking is that riders can test ride the product before making the payment while those who have already paid the amount through their official website can also go for a test ride. The amount is said to be fully refundable for the present time. The range of Jawa bikes starts from INR 1.55 lakh for the Forty-Two. The iconic Jawa 300 is priced at INR 1.64 lakh. Both the options use single front disc brake and ABS as standard.


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National Hydrography Dataset Plus - NHDPlus National Hydrography Dataset Plus - NHDPlus Metadata also available as Metadata:. IdentificationInformation: Citation: CitationInformation: Originator: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
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PublicationDate: 2012 Title: National Hydrography Dataset Plus - NHDPlus Edition: 2.10 GeospatialDataPresentationForm: vector digital data, raster digital data, tabular digital data OnlineLinkage: Description: Abstract: This high-level metadata data document will be supplemented with detailed regional metadata at a later date. The NHDPlusV2 is an integrated suite of application-ready geospatial data sets that incorporate many of the best features of the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and the National Elevation Dataset (NED). Interest in estimating stream flow volume and velocity to support pollutant fate-and-transport modeling was the driver behind the joint USEPA and USGS effort to develop the initial NHDPlus, referenced in this document as NHDPlusV1. NHDPlusV1 has been used in a wide variety of applications since its initial release in the fall of 2006. This widespread positive response prompted the multi-agency NHDPlus team to develop NHDPlus Version 2 (NHDPlusV2). The NHDPlusV2 includes a stream network (based on the 1:100,000-scale NHD), improved networking, naming, and 'value-added attributes' (VAA's).
NHDPlusV2 also includes elevation-derived catchments (drainage areas) produced using a drainage enforcement technique first broadly applied in New England, and thus dubbed 'The New-England Method'. This technique involves 'burning-in' the 1:100,000-scale NHD and building 'walls' using the national Watershed Boundary Dataset (WBD). The hydro-enforced digital elevation model (DEM) is used to produce hydrologic derivatives that agree with the NHD and WBD.
An interdisciplinary team from the USGS, USEPA and contractors, has found this method to produce the best quality NHD catchments using an automated process. The VAAs include greatly enhanced capabilities for upstream and downstream navigation, analysis and modeling. Examples include: retrieve all flowlines (predominantly confluence-to-confluence stream segments) and catchments upstream of a given flowline using queries rather than by slower flowline-by-flowline navigation; retrieve flowlines by stream order; select a stream level path sorted in hydrologic order for stream profile mapping, analysis and plotting; and, calculate cumulative catchment attributes using streamlined VAA hydrologic sequencing routing attributes. The VAAs include results from the use of these cumulative routing techniques, including cumulative drainage areas, precipitation, temperature, and runoff distributions. Several of these cumulative attributes are used to estimate mean annual flow and velocity as part of the VAAs. NHDPlusV2 contains a snapshot (2012) of the 1:100,000-scale NHD that has been extensively improved over the snapshot used in NHDPlusV1.
While these updates will eventually be stored in the central NHD repository at USGS, this will not be accomplished prior to distribution of NHDPlusV2. NHDPlusV2 users may not make updates to the NHD portions of NHDPlusV2 with the intent of sending these updates back to the USGS. Updates to the 1:100,000-scale NHD snapshot in NHDPlusV2 should be sent to the USEPA as the primary steward. Purpose: The geospatial data sets included in NHDPlusV2 are intended to support a variety of water-related applications. They already have been used in an application to develop estimates of mean annual streamflow and velocity for each NHDFlowline feature in the conterminous United States. The results of these analyses are included with the NHDPlusV2 data.
NHDPlusV2 serves as the sample frame for the stream and lake surveys conducted by the USEPA under the National Aquatic Resources Surveys program. A water-quality model developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) called SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes), can utilizes the NHDPlusV2 network functionality to track the downstream transport of nutrients, sediments, or other substances. NHDPlusV2 water bodies and estimates of streamflow and velocity are used in SPARROW to identify reservoir retention and in-stream loss factors. NHDPlusV2 climatic and land surface attributes can be used in SPARROW to identify potential factors in the delivery of nutrients from the land surface to streams. NHDPlusV2 data is also being used in select areas for a USGS Web-based application, called StreamStats.
StreamStats provides tools to interactively select any point in the implemented areas, delineate watersheds, and to obtain streamflow and watershed characteristics for the selected point. NHDPlusV2 has been designed to accommodate many users' needs for future applications. NHDPlusV2 provides the framework and tools necessary to customize the behavior of the network relationships as well as building upon the attribute database, for which the user can assign their own data to the network. Purpose: The geospatial data sets included in NHDPlusV2 are intended to support a variety of water-related applications. They already have been used in an application to develop estimates of mean annual streamflow and velocity for each NHDFlowline feature in the conterminous United States.
The results of these analyses are included with the NHDPlusV2 data. A water-quality model developed by the U.S.
Geological Survey (USGS) called SPARROW (Spatially Referenced Regressions on Watershed Attributes), can utilize the NHDPlusV2 network functionality to track the downstream transport of nutrients, sediments, or other substances. NHDPlusV2 water bodies and estimates of streamflow and velocity are used in SPARROW to identify reservoir retention and in-stream loss factors. NHDPlusV2 climatic and land surface attributes can be used in SPARROW to identify potential factors in the delivery of nutrients from the land surface to streams.
NHDPlusV2 data is also being used in select areas for a USGS Web-based application, called StreamStats. StreamStats provides tools to interactively select any point in the implemented areas, delineate watersheds, and to obtain streamflow and watershed characteristics for the selected point. NHDPlusV2 has been designed to accommodate many users' needs for future applications.
NHDPlusV2 provides the framework and tools necessary to customize the behavior of the network relationships as well as building upon the attribute database, for which the user can assign their own data to the network. SupplementalInformation: For more information, refer to the NHDPlusV2 Users Guide.
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With its steampunk decor and speakeasy feel, Alchemist is the perfect place for anyone to gather for either an afterwork drink or a long night of expertly crafted cocktails. Nestled in it's second floor location right around the corner from AT&T Park, Alchemist fills a necessary void as a hip, quasi-dive bar with class in a neighborhood that's heavily dominated by sports bars. The house cocktail menu utilizes a collection of herbs, tinctures, house made infusions and hand crafted syrups. Alchemist has multiple layers and levels for all types of drinkers. Under the leadership of a talented, humble and passionate crew, Alchemist will offer a balance of top-notch craft cocktail bar, neighborhood watering hole, industry hangout, and incubator for emerging bar stars.


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Udayavaya (Udayabbaya) Ñāna – Introduction
February 12, 2016; revised October 23, 2018
The udayavaya ñāna (ñāna pronounced "ngana"; see the pronunciation guide in "Pāli Glossary") is sometimes referred to as the udayabbaya ñāna.
In fact, the actual Pāli word is udayabbaya (I had inadvertently used the Sinhala word udayavaya). A description of the udayabbaya ñāna is in the Paṭisambhidāmagga Pakarana: "1.1.6. Udayabbayañāṇaniddesa".
However, it is about the arising (uadaya) and destruction (vaya) of a sankata. This is another example of two Pāli words combining to sound differently: udayabbaya.
Pronunciation (udayavaya):
https://puredhamma.net/wp-content/uploads/Udayavaya-nana.mp3
1. Things in this world do not arise without causes. Anything that arises is destroyed sooner or later, and in the meantime they change in unexpected ways (viparināma nature). That is another way to look at the anicca concept. The suffering arises because we are trying to maintain things the way we want, but that is an impossible task.
Suffering does not arise merely because things are not permanent; the reason is more deeper. Things also change in unexpected ways. Furthermore, this viparināma nature is present anywhere in the 31 realms; there is no refuge anywhere.
This is the very foundation of Buddha Dhamma. Suffering arises due to causes, and those root causes of lōbha, dōsa, mōha lead to the worst kinds of suffering. The other three root causes of alōbha, adōsa, amōha lead to temporary relief (in deva and brahma realms, but also in the human realm to some extent), but those also do not last long in the sansāric time scale.
2. Udayavaya describes how anything in one's world (pancakkhanadha) arises due to causes. And whatever arises (udaya), it matures with time while changing in unexpected ways, and then inevitably gets destroyed (vaya). Suffering is associated with anything that has the anicca nature, and everything in this world of 31 realms has that anicca nature.
Seeing anicca via understanding the udayavaya of the pancakkhandha (anything in this world) is stated as, "uppāda vayattēna anicca", i.e., anything in this world is anicca because anything that arises is subjected to unexpected change while in existence, and is eventually destroyed.
When one truly comprehends "uppāda vayattēna anicca", one has attained the "anuloma ñāna" that is a prerequisite for the Sōtapanna stage.
3. For example, we think very highly about our bodies (especially when young). But we do not realize how much effort we put in (sankhāra dukha) to keep our bodies just in a "presentable form" to others. If we do not brush our teeth, wash or take a shower for a few days, do not comb the hair, do not wash our clothes, etc, we will be able to see the true nature of our bodies.
If we do not eat well or exercise regularly, not only will our bodies be out-of-shape, but we will also be subjected to diseases. But this life filled with viparināma dukha is a result of a past cause, and we just have to cope with it and keep the body in good shape; otherwise, things could get even worse.
Thus even though we do not realize it (because that is what we have been used to), just maintaining everything in status quo requires a lot of effort; this viparināma dukha is normally hidden because we are blinded by the perceived "future pleasures". Just like a bull is pulling a cart with a heavy load when some straw is dangled in front of it, we trudge through the daily chores with visions of pleasure blinding us.
Even when we do all this, sometimes "bad things happen out of the blue": one could get into an accident, come down with cancer or some fatal disease like that, or hear about an unexpected such catastrophe of a loved one.
And then when we get old, no matter how much we struggle, we cannot stop the body from falling apart and eventually dying. Just think about your parents/grandparents; they were as young and vibrant when they were young too.
And this is what we have been doing through unimaginable number of births in the past. Always struggling just to keep up. But it gets much worse if and when born in one of four lowest realms (apāyās).
4. But the key here is not be depressed about it. Some people believe contemplating on such things and cultivating a depressed mindset is the "patikula manasikāra bhāvanā"; it is commonly mis-translated as "contemplation on foulness of the body". But it is imperative not to get distressed about these things. The idea is to realize that all body parts are subject to anicca nature.
When one realizes this true nature, and then also realizes that there is a way out, that leads to a higher level of nirāmisa sukha. That is when one "sees Nibbāna" and attains the Sōtapanna stage.
When one gains the udayavaya ñāna, one can see the causes that need to be eliminated to overcome otherwise inevitable future suffering.
5. In udayavaya ñāna, the term "vaya" has two meanings:
Whatever is arisen due to past causes will be subjected to unexpected change and eventually is destroyed. This understanding about how anything that arises and causes a net suffering (even though there are pleasures to be had, they are minor compared to the suffering) is a part of the udayavaya ñāna.
More importantly, one can stop these things from arising and thus permanently remove suffering. Thus understanding udayavaya leads to knowledge about the dukkha nirodha sacca, i.e., that by eliminating the causes, one can stop future suffering from arising. This is the second and more important meaning of "vaya" in udayavaya.
But let us first discuss the factors associated with "udaya" or "arising".
6. The "udaya" part of the udayavaya ñāna describes five factors that lead to the arising of anything in this world. Anything in this world belongs to one of the five aggregates (pancakkhanadha): rūpa khandha, vēdana khandha, saññā khandha, sankhāra khandha, viññāna khandha.
Thus our world is not only the rūpa khandha. In fact, most people think about material things in the world as THE WORLD. But Buddha Dhamma reveals a more "personal world" which includes how one feels about things in the world (vēdana), how one perceives those things (saññā), and how one thinks and makes plans (sankhāra) according to how one feels and perceives. The end result of those three (vēdana, saññā, sankhāra) are the viññāna that one builds (future hopes and desires) according to one's gati (character).
In fact, pancakkhandha is even more complex than that because it includes past, present, future,… (11 categories) for each of the aggregates; see, "The Five Aggregates (Pancakkhandha)".
Note that pancakkhandha is shortened for panaca khandha or "five heaps" or "five aggregates". In the same way, rūpa khandha is normally pronounced as rūpakkhandha, and similarly vēdanakkhandha, etc.
7. There are four factors that inevitably contribute to the arising any of the five aggregates: We can easily guess the first two: avijjā and tanhā. Because of avijjā (ignorance) of the true nature, beings tend to attach to things via greed or hate (tanhā). And those two are always in front. Now, because of avijjā and tanhā, beings initiate actions (kamma) via body, speech, and mind.
Thus, avijjā, tanhā, and kamma are common to the arising of any of the five aggregates.
Then when any one of the five aggregates start arising, it will need another factor that helps in the arising of that aggregate. Let us discuss that next.
8. A rūpa (material thing, whether alive or not) needs food (āhāra). A human or an animal needs to eat (these are called kabalinka āhāra), and a tree needs nutrition from the ground. Even a thing like a rock needs āhāra (not in the general sense of food) to be formed, and that is a very deep topic that we will discuss much later.
Since rūpa khandha also includes "future rūpa" one may ask how would āhāra be associated with a future rūpa. In this case, the āhāra is a mental āhāra; we will discuss four types of food (āhāra) in the near future.
9. On the other hand, three of the mental aggregates (vēdana, saññā, sankhāra) arise due to phassa (contact), and thus phassa is considered a form a mental āhāra.
For any of those to arise, there has to be a contact (phassa) with the outside world either via eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, or the mind.
Vinnana is the end result of a citta that includes vēdana, saññā, sankhāra, and rūpa. Thus the corresponding factor for viññāna is nāma rūpa. Even though in paticca samuppāda it is , "viññāna paccayā nāma rūpa", it goes the other way too, "nāma rūpa paccayā viññāna". This is called "aññamañña paccayā", and is valid for many such pairs in the paticca samuppāda.
10. Finally, the last factor is common to all five aggregates. In the deepest sense, any of the five aggregates is a sankata. And each thus has three common features: uppāda (early stage of arising), thithi (change while growing), bhanga (destruction). Thus the fifth factor that describes a given aggregate is the uppāda lakkhana or nibbathi lakkhana.
Note that some sankata (especially those belong to the rūpa khandha) can have long life-cycles: a human lasts about 100 years, a universe lasts billions of years. But the mental components have relatively short life-cycles, especially vēdana, saññā, sankhāra are very short-lived. Some viññāna are brief, but others can last long times.
Whether it is a human or a building (rūpa), a feeling, perception, sankhāra, or viññāna, they all have those three characteristics of uppāda, thithi, and bhanaga (i.e., nibbatti lakkhana).
11. It is easiest to discuss an example with the rūpa khandha, and take just a small part of it say a human being (X) and an animal (Y). First let us start with the root causes for the birth of X or Y. Those two beings, in one of their previous lives had acted (done a kamma) with tanhā (which itself was caused by avijjā).
That moral act (for X) and an immoral act (for Y) led to the corresponding bhava (human bhava and animal bhava), which at some point led to the birth of a living being with corresponding characteristics (gati).
That resulted in the conception of a human baby (X) and a baby animal (Y) in a suitable womb. They both grew by consuming food (āhāra) inside the womb initially and then outside the womb after the birth.
Āhāra also can be an actual cause and we will discuss that in a future post.
12. The baby X or Y thus born, will now grow according to the blueprint (manōmaya kaya) that took hold of a single cell in the mother's womb at conception. That manōmaya kaya has the basic blueprint of that being.
Growing and maturing of X or Y, now proceeds with the production blueprint (නිෂ්පාදන ක්‍රමය in Sinhala or nibbatti lakkhana) that was associated with the particular manōmaya kaya.
13. This same line of reasoning can be applied to other four khandha: Vedana, saññā, sankhāra, and viññāna also arise mainly due to avijjā, tanhā, kamma, and also āhāra (food) for them.
I will discuss later what it means to say āhāra (food) for those mental elements. Actually, those are much more important than the food for the physical body and any other rūpa.
Other four aggregates also arise, stay in existence for a time, and then is destroyed.
14. To summarize, the each of the five aggregates arise with the aid of five factors:
Rupa: avijjā, tanhā, kamma, āhāra, nibbatti lakkhana.
Vedana: avijjā, tanhā, kamma, phassa, nibbatti lakkhana.
Sanna: avijjā, tanhā, kamma, phassa, nibbatti lakkhana.
Sankhara: avijjā, tanhā, kamma, phassa, nibbatti lakkhana.
Vinnana: avijjā, tanhā, kamma, nāma rūpa, nibbatti lakkhana.
15. Thus those are the 25 factors that describe how anything in this world arise. The udayavaya ñāna encompasses the comprehension of those 25 factors.
There are 25 more factors that lead either to the destruction of something that arose OR lead to the prevention of something from arising. We will discuss them in a future post.
Thus the udayavaya ñāna is said to encompass 50 factors altogether that contain all knowledge about the arising and destruction of anything in this world, AND also the knowledge on how to stop anything from arising (nirodha) in this world.
Thus with udayavaya ñāna one comprehends how suffering arises and how one can eliminate future suffering. A key point here is that anything that arises (uppāda) is not just guaranteed to be destroyed (bhanga), but also that it changes unexpectedly (viparināma) during its existence (thithi). It is the anicca nature.
Next in the series, "Nibbatti Lakkhana in Udayavaya Nana".