I've just been told by Chauncy Young, an organizer with United Parents of Highbridge (UPOH) ,that a Highbridge Middle school is included in the city's new education capital plan.
Highbridge residents and education advocates have been fighting for a new middle school for the past few years, arguing that the lack of a school in the community forces area students to endure long and sometimes unsafe commutes.
The West Bronx News Blog will post further updates in the near future.


The Porsche 911 combines driving excitement with everyday comfort. It's our top choice for enthusiasts who want a high-performance sports car for daily driving. The latest-generation model, designated 997, is the best ever. It was launched for the 2005 model year, and the engines have been upgraded over the past two model years. Internally, Porsche calls the current model the 997, version 2.
For 2009, the Carrera and Carrera S models received revised engines and a new dual-clutch automated manual transmission called the PDK, or Porsche Doppel Kupplungsgetreibe. For 2010, it's the 911 Turbo's turn. Also new for 2010 is the latest-generation of the high-performance 911 GT3, now with more power and an even racier GT3 RS variant. New for 2010 are steering wheel shift paddles for the PDK, an improvement over the old buttons.
The 2010 Porsche 911 Turbo exchanges a 3.6-liter engine for a 3.8, now with direct injection and 500 horsepower, 20 more than 2009. The exterior of the Turbo is slightly modified for 2010 with new mirrors, bi-xenon headlights and LED taillights. New options include active engine mounts and Porsche Torque Vectoring system that applies brakes to the inside wheel in turns.
The 2010 Porsche 911 lineup presents a wide range of models. Coupes and Cabriolets are available, along with a Targa. Base models are fast, S models are even faster, the GT3 faster still, and the Turbo is supercar quick. An ultra high-performance GT2 joins the lineup for 2011. Most models offer endless options. Just about every possible combination is available between coupe and Cabriolet, 3.6-liter and 3.8-liter engines, rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive. You name it, they've got it, and we love all of them.
The Carrera coupe (sometimes called Carrera 2) is the base model, but owning one is hardly settling for second rate. It's a fantastic sports car, exceedingly enjoyable to drive, and quite comfortable. It is the classic 911. The Carrera 4 adds the traction and handling benefits of all-wheel drive and is loaded with active safety features; it's the best choice for rain and winter weather, an unbeatable foul weather car. Cabriolet versions put the wind in your hair and sun in your face. The Targa features a clever clear roof that slides back to provide a top-down feeling.
The Porsche 911 Turbo is one of the easiest supercars to live with in daily use. It's more user friendly than its competitors, from the Corvette ZR1 to the Ferrari F430 to the Lamborghini Gallardo. Getting in and out of it is relatively easy. It rides smoothly and comfortably by sports car standards. It's happy to putt around town all day at a Buick pace, particularly with the new PDK automated manual transmission. It's easy to drive, whether poking along in rush-hour traffic, streaking down a highway, charging up a mountain road, or working the tires and brakes on a racing circuit. It's neither fragile nor unreliable. Plus, it has a 500-horsepower, turbocharged engine in back. The all-wheel drive and the world's best, most sophisticated brakes make it easy to charge into corners. It really is a terrific car.
The GT3 is the choice for true performance enthusiasts as it sheds weight and is the liveliest 911. The GT3 RS is like this only a little more.
The Porsche 911 lineup starts with the Carrera coupe ($77,800) and Cabriolet ($88,800), which are powered by a 3.6-liter flat six-cylinder engine generating 345 horsepower and 288 pound-feet of torque. Standard equipment includes partial leather height-adjustable seats with power recliners, automatic climate control, interior air filter, tilt/telescoping leather-wrapped steering wheel, heated power mirrors, power windows, power locks with keyless remote, bi-xenon headlights with washers, 235-watt AM/FM/CD stereo, cruise control, universal garage door opener, on-board computer, outside temperature display, split-folding rear seat, rain-sensing wipers, theft deterrent system, rear fog lights, a speed-dependent retractable rear spoiler, and staggered, Z-rated 18-inch tires on alloy wheels. Coupes also get a sunroof, while Cabriolets add a wind blocker and a power convertible top.
The Carrera S ($88,800) and Carrera S Cabriolet ($99,800) are powered by a 3.8-liter six-cylinder, delivering 385 horsepower and 310 pound-feet of torque. Besides the bigger engine, the Carrera S gets the Porsche Active Suspension Management system (PASM) with adjustable dampers and a 10 mm lower ride height, 19-inch wheels and the wider fenders needed to accommodate them. All S models are offered with a 408-horspower version of the 3.8-liter engine ($16,900).
The Carrera 4 ($84,100) is equipped similarly to the rear-drive Carrera, but features all-wheel drive and a limited-slip differential. The same idea holds for the Carrera 4S ($95,100), Carrera 4 Cabriolet ($95,100), and Carrera 4S Cabriolet ($106,100).
The Carrera Targa 4 ($92,100) and Carrera Targa 4S ($103,100) are equipped similarly to the Carrera 4 and Carrera 4S, respectively, but they feature Porsche's unique roof system that provides occupants with a panoramic view even when the top is closed. The Targa's roof is made from two glass panels and extends across the full width and length of the passenger compartment. In other words, the entire roof is glass, and in combination with the windshield and side windows provides a panoramic vantage and protection from the elements.
The 911 Turbo ($132,800) and 911 Turbo Cabriolet ($143,800) get Porsche's race-bred, twin-turbocharged 3.8-liter engine producing 500 horsepower and 479 pound-feet of torque. The Turbos come with all-wheel drive, larger brakes, and P235/35ZR19 front and 305/30ZR19 rear tires. Standard equipment is upgraded to a full leather interior, memory for the front seats and mirrors, additional front seat power adjustments, aluminum interior trim, navigation system with 40-gigabyte hard drive, Bose-tuned stereo, and an auto-dimming rearview mirror. The optional Sport Chrono Package Plus ($3,830 with PDK, $3,470 with manual) increases maximum turbo boost and includes an analog and digital chronometer, a sport button for engine and suspension controls, and control over various personal preference settings. Ceramic brakes are optional ($8,840).
The 911 GT3 ($112,200) is a high-performance two-wheel-drive model offered as a coupe. It comes with a normally aspirated 435-hp version of the 3.8-liter flat six. To the Carrera S it adds a limited-slip differential, larger brakes, stiffer springs and anti-roll bars, leather and alcantara upholstery, leather and alcantara-wrapped steering wheel, and P235/35ZR19 front and 305/30ZR19 rear tires. The 911 GT3 RS ($132,200) is a GT3 in race specification, with a 450-hp 3.8-liter, shorter transmission ratios, upgraded body and suspension components, dynamic engine mounts, and a specially tuned version of the PASM active suspension. It weighs less and buyers can save another 22 pounds by opting for the lithium-ion battery.
A six-speed manual gearbox is standard on the 911; the PDK transmission ($4,080) is optional. PASM Porsche Active Suspension Management is available for non-S models ($1,990). A removable hardtop is available for the cabriolets ($3,490).
Options include full-leather upholstery ($1,550), power adaptive sport seats, Bose sound system ($1,440). Also offered are a limited-slip differential ($950), sport exhaust system ($2,810), rear park assist ($530), navigation system with hard drive ($2,110), voice recognition ($595), heated front seats ($510), ventilated front seats ($800), auto-dimming rearview mirror ($420), heated steering wheel ($210), XM satellite radio ($750), Universal Audio Interface for iPods and memory sticks ($440), Bluetooth wireless cell phone link ($695), six-disc CD changer ($650), sport shifter ($795), steering-linked adaptive headlights ($690), 19-inch wheels and tires ($1,550), and Sport Chrono Package. Porsche maintains its long tradition of factory customization, with options that cover colors and materials for virtually every part or surface inside the car. And if there's not an existing option, Porsche will likely go off the card, for a price.
Safety features on all models include Porsche Stability Management (PSM), an electronic stability control and traction control system that helps a driver maintain control in the event of a skid. Dual front airbags, front side airbags, and antilock brakes come standard, along with a tire-pressure monitoring system. Coupes also get curtain side airbags, while Cabriolets add pop-up automatic roll bars. All-wheel drive enhances stability in adverse conditions.


some dipstick (ahem!) did a factory reset on the company's Netgear NAS server/hard drive and lost ALL the data. recovered most of it from other sources but could do with recovering the rest. willing to pay ££ if there's any experts out there???
Thats really kind - thanks. Have found a $40 program and used 2xsata to usb cables and managed to get a good bit of info off. Its taken days of analysing. If you do know what its called - that would be great. Thanks.
From there, im pretty sure it allows you to get data off, but limited to certain amounts of usage.
sorted now thanks. the $40 software and sata cables got me most of my info back. A lesson has been learnt! Cheers.


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Photo: "Free Lolita the Orca!" Facebook Group
Why We Fight for Nonhuman Rights: Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's Story Part 2
By Emily Gambone on September 14, 2021
In Part I of our story, we followed the events that led to an orca's capture and arrival at the Miami Seaquarium. Here, little Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's story continues. She is also known as Tokitae to many advocates, and Lolita to her captors and others, but we will call her by the name Lummi Nation has given her, linking her back to her home. Here is a video about her naming, including how to say Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut.
When Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut arrives at the Miami Seaquarium, a month and a half after being torn from her family in the Penn Cove capture, she is desolate. Pat Sykes—a young show assistant—will later recount Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's first days in Miami: "She had a very hard time—she just barely floated. The skin on her back cracked and bled from the sun and wind exposure. She wouldn't eat the diet of frozen herring. At night she cried."
For eight months, she is kept separate from the Miami Seaquarium's other orca, Hugo, though they call to each other in the shared language of the Southern Resident community to which they both belong. Hugo is now five years old, and two years have passed since he was taken from his mother and family in the Salish Sea, but he has not adjusted to life in captivity. He never will. He rams his head repeatedly into the side of his tank, a behavior he will continue for the rest of his life. During the time he and Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut are kept separate, he breaks through the viewing window of his enclosure, severing the tip of his rostrum.
Once he and Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut are brought together in what the Seaquarium calls the "Whale Bowl," Hugo's personality changes, and he starts to exhibit aggression towards his trainers. With the exception of a temporary retirement for Hugo due to his aggression, he and Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut will perform as many as four shows a day until he dies in March of 1980 from a brain hemorrhage after years of ramming his head into his tank. At the time of his death, he is fifteen years old, just half the average life expectancy of male orcas in the wild, some of whom have been known to live into their fifties.
Although the Miami Seaquarium announces that Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut shows no signs of mourning her orca companion, a study of her behavior before and after Hugo's death, which will be published in 1986, reports that she spends more time swimming at night rather than her previous floating at the surface with respiration indicative of sleep. And during the day, she spends significantly more time submerged at the bottom of her tank. The study's authors describe her behavior as "not unlike bereavement." This is a brave statement for 1986. The scientific recognition of grief in nonhuman animals is not yet widely accepted as it will be decades later. The world has not yet watched a mother orca carry her dead baby's body for seventeen days over a thousand miles, which in 2018 will bring an orca's grief onto primetime news and social media feeds. Relatively few people heard the cries of Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut and her family as they were separated in 1970. Fewer people still see Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut floating alone on the bottom of her tank in 1980.
The decades following Hugo's death will be bereft of the companionship of other orcas, though she continues to call out to them.
But we are jumping ahead in our story. What is happening outside of the Whale Bowl in the decade Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut swims with Hugo around and around, performing daily shows for crowds of people under the hot Miami sun?
The changing tides dredge up the bodies of drowned orca calves in the months after the Penn Cove roundup—the ones Ted Griffin and Don Goldsberry instructed divers to fill with rocks. One still has an anchor attached to his tail. And with the discovery of their mutilated bodies, with the memory of the orcas' cries still fresh in the minds of many residents, another tide begins to turn, and public opinion shifts against the capture of orcas in the Salish Sea.
In 1971, Washington State begins requiring permits of $1000 per orca as well as regulating capture methods and placing size limitations on the orcas captured. In 1972, Congress passes the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), which prohibits the "take" of marine mammals, including orcas. "Take" is defined as the successful or attempted harassment, hunting, killing or capturing of a marine mammal. Although the MMPA makes an exception for taking marine mammals for the purpose of exhibition, the days of hunting orcas off the coast of Washington are rapidly coming to an end.
In 1976, Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's captor, Goldsberry, is still at work in the Salish Sea, hunting orcas for SeaWorld. Ralph Munro, who at the time is a staff aide to Governor Dan Evans but will later be Secretary of State for Washington, is out sailing when he spots orcas fleeing from Goldsberry's crew. As he tells the Seattle Times more than four decades later, "It was gruesome. As they closed the net there was a guy on the back of the boat with a torch, and he was lighting and dropping these explosives as fast as he could light them, boom, boom, boom, the orcas were screaming … I can still hear them, screaming back and forth… They had parts of the pod inside the net, and parts of the pod outside the net. It was just panic, totally disgusting. Sickening."
But Ralph Munro doesn't wait four decades to tell the story of the Budd Inlet capture. He alerts the press right away, and protestors surround the orcas trapped in nets and march to the courthouse where Attorney General Slade Gorton takes SeaWorld to court. The case is dismissed after the state of Washington and SeaWorld reach a settlement in which SeaWorld agrees to free the remaining orcas from the Budd Inlet capture and never hunt orcas off the coast of Washington again. They don't stop hunting orcas, but they move their capture operations to Iceland, out of sight of the people they hope will pay to see their orca shows and believe the stories they tell, that the orcas' lives are better and safer in a tank than in the sea with their families.
By 1976, we have learned a great deal more about the orcas who live in the Salish Sea. Thanks to the work of Canadian marine biologist Michael Bigg, we have learned we can identify individual orcas by the saddle patch markings and dorsal fin shape and scars unique to each individual, including the bullet scars seen on 25% of orcas captured through 1970 off the coast of Washington. We have also learned, through Bigg's census, which will be continued by Kenneth Balcomb of the Center for Whale Research, that there are far fewer orcas in the Salish Sea than the thousands presumed to swim there, especially among Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's Southern Resident pod and community, comprised not only of L pod, to which she belongs, but also J and K pods.
From 1974 to 1980, as the capture era ends, the Southern Resident community's population increases from seventy to eighty-three orcas before decreasing from 1981 to 1984 in the years many of the captured babies would have begun to reach reproductive age. There will be no babies for Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut, who spends her days performing tricks amid booming rock music and the screams of humans who have paid to see her perform, to swim in circles, to splash them.
Here is what we will learn about orcas in the years to come. We will learn that different populations of orcas have distinct cultures, distinct vocalizations, distinct food and habits. The Southern Residents live in matrilineal groups within J, K and L pods who share a recent maternal ancestor. Each matrilineal group, composed of a mother, her sons and daughters, and her daughters' children, stay together for life, rarely spending more than a few hours apart. The matrilineal groups within a pod spend the majority of their time together, but sometimes, all three pods gather together as the Southern Resident J clan in what researchers call a superpod event, like the one happening at the time of the Penn Cove capture.
During a superpod, all three pods come together and line up facing each other. After a time of quiet stillness, they intermingle, vocalize, breech, mate. Observers describe superpods as unmistakably exciting and joyful events for these intensely social, deeply connected beings. Sometimes humans are lucky enough to witness the superpod events, but it's impossible to know just how many Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut has missed in the over half a century since the superpod during which she was taken from her family.
Here is what else we will learn.
The Southern Residents—Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's family—spend 50 to 67% of their time foraging for the fish they eat. Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut is fed dead fish from a bucket like other captive orcas, most of whom are also given pounds and pounds of gelatin in an attempt to counteract dehydration caused by the inadequate water content of frozen fish. She cannot forage, she cannot echolocate to find her food and hunt her prey to the dark depths of the Salish Sea. She cannot share her food with members of her family.
Let's look at what her family is doing as she floats in her tank and performs two shows a day. Her family spends most of their time under water, between the surface and a depth of 98 feet, but every hour or so, individuals dive deeper than that, and every five hours, they may dive deeper than 490 feet. At about four years old when she was captured, Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut would have known what it feels like to dive deep—even the 3-year-old orcas in the dive study dove to a mean maximum depth of 440 feet, meaning a 3-year-old orca dives twenty-two times the depth of Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's tank. Her family only very rarely ventures into water less than sixteen feet deep. Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's tank is twenty feet deep at its deepest, less than the length of her body. But the tank is called the Whale Bowl for a reason—the depth is not uniform and the tank is only twelve feet deep as it slopes towards its edge.
Her family swims an average of seventy-five miles a day, with an average speed of eight miles per hour, though they can swim as fast as thirty miles per hour. Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's tank—the smallest and oldest orca tank in North America—is eighty by sixty feet, if you ignore the concrete island obstructing the middle, as APHIS repeatedly does when renewing the Miami Seaquarium's license. If you don't ignore the concrete island, which spans forty-five feet, with approximately ten foot openings between each end and the tank wall, the practical width is reduced to thirty-five feet, making Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's tank illegal by even the inadequate Animal Welfare Act (AWA) requirements.
Her tank is less than four of her body lengths long, less than 1/66th of a mile, approximately 1/4950th of the average distance her family swims each day. To swim the length of her tank, Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut needs at most five small flicks of her tail flukes. If she swam as far as her family, she would have to swim around the perimeter of her tank over 1,800 times a day. That is, if the gates between the island and the sides of the tank are open and she has access to the full circumference of her small enclosure.
In former SeaWorld trainer John Hargrove's deposition, he describes his reaction to seeing Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's tank:
"Walking into Lolita's stadium I was shocked by the size and shallow depth of her tank, and the absolute absence of any enrichment to her enclosure. As discussed in this report, I have worked with orcas at three leading facilities and observed the animals' poor welfare as a result of their too-small tanks and conditions of captivity. Yet Lolita's tank at Miami Seaquarium is without question the smallest and most barren I have ever seen an orca forced to live in."
But it is not just depth and distance that have been taken from her. We know already if Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut were swimming in the Salish Sea, she would be with her mother and the rest of her family, and with any children who may have been hers in a different life. And what would she see? She would see her family, but she would also see fish and crabs and seagrasses and rocks. She would see other marine mammals and the different depths and textures of the sea floor instead of the monotony of sunlit concrete, broken only by interactions with her trainers and the crowds of people attending her performances. Her eyes would not be damaged by sun and chlorine, she would not need to keep one eye closed during performances or receive eye drops to treat her painful eye condition pterygium, first diagnosed in the 1980s—a condition that causes inflammation, foreign body sensation, dryness and itchiness in the eye.
What would she feel? She would feel the changing temperatures of the water rushing past her, the touch of seaweed. Her environment would be tactile, varied. She would not scrape her flukes against the shallow concrete bottom of her tank and develop rubs and abrasions on her body. She would feel the frequent touch of her family members against her highly innervated skin, instead of the tooth rakes she sustains from the Pacific White-Sided Dolphins the Miami Seaquarium claims are an appropriate replacement for the companionship of other orcas. Instead, in her tank, the dolphins harass her. According to the animal behavioral records, she sustains frequent rakes, in which the dolphins cut her with their teeth, causing bleeding and scarring and necessitating the use of antibiotics.
In addition to the animal records, we again have the observations of John Hargrove. In just the one morning he observes her, he sees the dolphins harassing her numerous times while she shows obvious signs of distress and attempts to tuck her pectoral flippers and tail flukes to protect them from the dolphins. At times, she lashes out, chasing the dolphins open-mouthed with teeth showing. She is not part of an orca community that hunts dolphins, and yet, at least one dolphin over her years of captivity is found dead in her tank of blunt force trauma. According to the AWA, she is supposed to be housed with at least one other orca or with a compatible companion of a biologically related species. The regulations go on to say, "However, marine mammals that are not compatible must not be housed in the same enclosure. Marine mammals must not be housed near other animals that cause them unreasonable stress or discomfort or interfere with their good health."
What would Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut hear, aside from the sounds of the sea, if she lived with her pod as companions instead of dolphins? We have learned that orcas have complex vocalizations, consisting of echolocation clicks, whistles, and pulsed calls. They use discrete pulsed calls to stay in contact with other pod members, even when they are out of sight of each other, and although clans share many calls, there are others which are unique to a specific pod. In 2002, this fact helps scientists identify the pod of Springer, a Northern Resident orphan found four hundred miles away from her family. After months of effort, she is transported north and reunited with her extended family. Nearly two decades after her reunion with her pod, she continues to swim with her family, along with two calves of her own.
Newborn orca calves already share a number of their pod's calls, though their repertoire expands as they learn from their mothers and podmates. Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut, in the years she swam with her mother, learned the dialect unique to L pod. According to A Puget Sound Orca in Captivity, Kenneth Balcomb of the Center for Whale Research repeatedly requests and even offers money to the Miami Seaquarium to be allowed to set up acoustic contact between Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut and her family. Although his requests are denied each time, in 1996 Dateline NBC plays Balcomb's recording of L Pod greeting each other to Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut. As we can see in the footage of this moment, Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut rises up out of the water and tilts her head close to the sounds of her family, more than a quarter century after she last saw or heard them. Since then, another quarter century has passed.
What is life like for Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut in the smallest orca tank in North America, as the only orca in the United States without another orca companion? As Ric O'Barry, dolphin trainer turned activist, explains in Liberating Lolita, "When [orcas] get together, they get together for life. We get together for birthdays and Christmas and stuff, they get together for life. And they live in a world of sound. So when we capture them like Lolita, we take away from them the two most important aspects of their life—the world of sound and their family."
Springer swims with her children, answering their calls as they answer hers. She has a constant acoustic reminder she is no longer alone like she was in the hard months of separation from her pod. But no one answers Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut's calls, and the only sounds she hears every day are the planes flying overhead, the stomping of feet on the stands surrounding her tank, the loud rock music accompanying her two performances, and the screams of the people who have bought tickets to watch her do tricks—people who believe the Miami Seaquarium's claims that Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut is happy here in her concrete tank, three thousand miles away from the sounds and touch of her family and the vast waters of the Salish Sea.
The Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) is the only civil rights organization in the United States dedicated solely to securing rights for nonhuman animals. Our groundbreaking work challenges an archaic, unjust legal status quo that views and treats all nonhuman animals as "things" with no rights. As with human rights, nonhuman rights are based on fundamental values and principles of justice such as liberty, autonomy, equality, and fairness. All of human history shows that the only way to truly protect human beings' fundamental interests is to recognize their rights. It's no different for nonhuman animals. To join the fight, click here. To donate and help the NhRP build a future in which nonhuman rights are protected alongside human rights, click here.
Emily Gambone is an NhRP supporter, animal advocate, and writer living with her family at the foot of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado. She has a Master's in Animals and Public Policy from Tufts University and believes in the intrinsic value of each animal's life and the power of storytelling to create a more compassionate and just future for all life.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Impact Global Location: Belgium
REF impact found 227 Case Studies
Accurate in vitro prediction of in vivo genotoxicity and cancer hazard; reducing costs to industry and the use of animals in research
Development of the human cell GADD45a assay enabled accurate identification of carcinogens in vitro, with a low rate of misleading positives. Through the spin-out company Gentronix, this research is reducing costs to industry and decreasing the use of animals in research. Industrial collaboration has enabled commercial adoption of the technology in many sectors. With a 10-fold increase in orders in 2012 versus 2008, Gentronix is a profitable business employing 17 people and with an annual turnover of £1.88m. During 2008-12, Gentronix released a series of new products, established testing services, and signed a product license agreement with GlaxoSmithKline. More than 100 companies worldwide are using Gentronix kits, including pharmaceutical, agricultural and health and beauty companies, along with manufacturers of food flavourings and household goods. The Gentronix assay is currently being reviewed by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods.
Biological Sciences: Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Genetics
Adoption of new engineering solutions to reduce the patient experience of intense acoustic noise during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Reduction of unpleasant ambient noise during MRI has been enabled through innovative engineering solutions developed at the Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research (MRC IHR). Intellectual property was licensed to Optoacoustics Ltd and the resulting OptoActive™ active noise-cancelling headphones for MRI are the only one of their type commercially available, enabling free conversation between patients and clinicians. The product was formally launched in September 2012 and has worldwide sales including in the USA, Europe, Asia and the Middle East.
Psychology, Psychiatry and Neuroscience
Physical Sciences: Other Physical Sciences
Information and Computing Sciences: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
Medical and Health Sciences: Neurosciences
Afterall: Research and Publishing Organisation
Afterall is a research and publishing organisation founded in 1998 by Research Fellow Charles Esche and Professor Mark Lewis at Central Saint Martins, University of the Arts London (UAL). Afterall focuses on contemporary art, and its relationship to wider theoretical, social and political fields. Researchers associated to Afterall undertake and commission research, which is disseminated to an international audience through publications and events. Afterall impacts on the cultural sector and an extended audience by providing a platform for critical and creative responses to art, curatorial and cultural practice and by shaping discourse in this area. The significance and wide reach of this impact is demonstrated through partnerships and high-profile cultural events, publication reach, and support from the cultural community.
Art and Design: History, Practice and Theory
Studies In Creative Arts and Writing: Art Theory and Criticism, Film, Television and Digital Media
History and Archaeology: Curatorial and Related Studies
Alternatives to acute hospital admission in adult mental health
Alternatives to acute admission in mental health are crucial, not least because of the high cost of inpatient care. We have carried out a major research programme that includes the only randomised controlled evaluation of crisis resolution teams and the only major UK study of crisis houses, which are community-based, residential alternatives to hospital admission. This programme demonstrated the efficacy of community treatment and has significantly influenced decision making at a local and national policy level, including commissioning guidance and three sets of NICE guidelines. This has contributed to changes in the way acute services for severely mentally ill adults are configured in the NHS, and internationally.
A new measure for assessing the cost-effectiveness of health care interventions: the SF-6D
The decision about whether to fund new health care interventions is increasingly being informed by evidence of cost-effectiveness in terms of the cost per Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY). The SF-6D health index is widely used internationally for calculating QALYs from patient reported health outcomes collected in clinical trials and other surveys. It contributes to health system efficiency from being used by health technology agencies around the world (including Australia, Canada, England, Scotland, Ireland and Norway) to calculate QALYs to facilitate decisions about the most efficient use of limited health care resources. The SF-6D is freely available to non-commercial bodies, including researchers and policy makers. Commercial benefits come from the licensing of the measure to pharmaceutical companies, health insurers and others to assess the cost-effectiveness of their products with 460 licenses being sold since 2008. A further 521 licenses are distributed on a non-commercial basis to academic researchers, public sector and charitable organisations.
Public Health, Health Services and Primary Care
Economics: Applied Economics
A new MRSA emerging in human and bovine populations
Research led by Dr Holmes has identified a novel variant of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in livestock. This represents a previously unidentified reservoir of infection which has had impact on the epidemiology of MRSA and its management. This research also impacts on antibiotic use in agriculture and its role in the emergence of antibiotic resistance. As a consequence of these research findings commercial tests and testing protocols have been developed to detect the new MRSA variant, which are now used widely in clinical settings throughout Europe. The discovery has also been used to inform policy decisions at a governmental level in the USA and Europe.
Agriculture, Veterinary and Food Science
Medical and Health Sciences: Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology
ASR: Commercial, societal and cultural benefits of new advanced Speech Recognition Technology
One of the world-leading systems for large-vocabulary Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has been developed by a team led from the University of Sheffield. This system, which won the international evaluation campaigns for rich speech transcription organised by the US National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2007 and 2009, has led directly to the creation of one spin-out, been largely instrumental in the launch of a second, has had significant impact on the development and growth of three existing companies, and has made highly advanced technology available free for the first time to a broad range of individual and organisational users, with applications including language learning, speech-to-speech translation and access to education for those with reading and writing difficulties.
Engineering: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Assisting trafficked persons and exploited migrants to access their human rights
Trafficked persons have benefitted directly from van den Anker's research at UWE through improved support and legislation. Her policy model on human trafficking prevention assisted changes in the UK, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Belgium and Sweden and informed local policy development through her training of politicians, civil servants and NGOs in Bristol, Birmingham and Wales. Increased multi-agency working promoted by van den Anker has led to the establishment of new support services like a safe house and the Migrant Rights Centre in Bristol, directly benefiting migrants. International dissemination contributed to agenda changes in international organisations such as the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Studies In Human Society: Demography, Policy and Administration
Law and Legal Studies: Law
MAT05 - Balanced Harvest: Mathematical underpinnings of a sustainable fisheries policy
Mathematical models recently developed in York have improved our understanding of the dynamics of marine ecosystems. They underpin paradigm-changing proposals to orient fisheries policy towards a "balanced harvest" and away from the traditional selective harvesting of species and sizes. These proposals have:
influenced, and are now being actively pursued by, international NGOs involved in shaping the future direction of fisheries policy worldwide;
informed and stimulated debate among policy makers in the EU Parliament and elsewhere;
been incorporated into long range planning for Norwegian fishery management.
Mathematical Sciences: Statistics
Environmental Sciences: Environmental Science and Management
Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences: Fisheries Sciences
Bayesian design improves non-market valuation surveys
A new design methodology which enhances the quality and accuracy of information derived from non-market valuation surveys is now the instrument of choice for many consultancy projects worldwide. The approach — known as Sequential Efficient Bayesian (SEB) design — enhances the decision-making process and the efficiency of service providers and is now available in major commercial software such as JMP from SAS (the integrated statistical software package created by SAS Corp and used by many businesses and academic institutions around the world). The methodology is routinely used in the design of surveys to analyse consumer and public choices in relation to willingness to pay for health, transport and environmental services. The research team's external affiliation since 2012 with the business consultancy CENSOC Sydney helps to provide tailored SEB designs to commercial clients, including several international, blue-chip corporations listed on the CENSOC site:http://www.censoc.uts.edu.au/about/members/external.html
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Project Funders: No funder selected (227) Arts and Humanities Research Council (31) Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (6) British Academy (6) Economic and Social Research Council (24) Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (29) Medical Research Council (21) Natural Environment Research Council (5) Research Councils UK (4) Royal Academy of Engineering (2) Royal Society (13) Wellcome Trust (9)


text:
'''
Created on Dec 30, 2013

@author: juan
'''

from client import Client
import sys
import re
import urllib
import os
import random
from pkg_resources import get_distribution
from threading import Thread, Event
from multiprocessing import Queue
from argparse import ArgumentParser

from stem.connection import connect_port
from stem.descriptor import parse_file
from stem.descriptor.remote import DescriptorDownloader
from stem import ControllerError, CircStatus, StreamStatus
from stem.control import EventType

class torController(Thread):
    def __init__(self, controller, num_hops, num_circuits, num_samples, time_sample, file_prefix, port=80):
        Thread.__init__(self)
        self.ip=self.get_external_ip()
        self._controller=controller;
        self._num_hops = num_hops
        self._num_circuits = num_circuits
        self._num_samples = num_samples
        self._time_sample = time_sample
        self._file_prefix = file_prefix
        self._port = port
        self._or = {}
        self._exit_or = set()
        self._relayBW = {}
        self._paths={}
        self._streams={}
        self.circuitsCreated=0
        self._circs = {}
        self._circuits_created = Event()
        self.queue = Queue()
        self.start()

    def run(self):
        self._controller.add_event_listener(self._circuit_event, EventType.CIRC)
        self.get_or_consensus()
        self.create_circuits()
        self._controller.add_event_listener(self._stream_event, EventType.STREAM)
        c= Client(self._port, self.ip, self._num_circuits, self._num_samples, self._time_sample, self._file_prefix, self.queue)
        c.join()

    def _circuit_event(self, event):
        if event.status == CircStatus.BUILT:
            self.circuitsCreated+=1
            self._circs.setdefault(False,[]).append(event.id);
            if self.circuitsCreated== self._num_circuits:
                self._circuits_created.set()
        elif event.status == CircStatus.CLOSED:
            self.circuitsCreated-=1
            if self._circs[False].count(event.id)>0:
                self._circs[False].remove(event.id)
            else:
                self._circs[True].remove(event.id)
            self.create_circuit()
        elif event.status == CircStatus.FAILED:
            self.create_circuit()

    def _stream_event(self, event):
        if event.status == StreamStatus.NEW:
            circId = self._circs[False].pop()
            self._controller.attach_stream(event.id, circId)
            self._circs.setdefault(True,[]).append(circId)
            self._streams[event.id]= event.source_port;
        elif event.status == StreamStatus.DETACHED:
            if len(self._circs[False])>0:
                circId = self._circs[False].pop()
                self._controller.attach_stream(event.id, circId)
                self._circs.setdefault(True,[]).append(circId)
            else:
                self.create_circuits()
        elif event.status == StreamStatus.SUCCEEDED:
            self._num_circuits -= 1
            self.queue.put([self._streams[event.id], self._circuit_description(self._paths[event.circ_id])])

    def create_circuits(self):
        for i in range(self._num_circuits+3):
            self.create_circuit()
        self._circuits_created.wait()
        self._circuits_created.clear()

    def get_external_ip(self):
        try:
            site = urllib.urlopen("http://www.google.com/search?q=ip").read()
            grab = re.findall('\d{2,3}.\d{2,3}.\d{2,3}.\d{2,3}', site)
            address = grab[0]
            return address
        except Exception:
            pass

    def _circuit_description(self,path):
        circ =[]
        for OR in path:
            circ.append(self._or[str(OR)])
            circ.append(self._relayBW[str(OR)])
        return circ

    def get_or_consensus(self):
        self._or = {}
        self._relayBW = {}
        self._exit_or = set()
        data_dir = self._controller.get_conf("DataDirectory")
        try:
            for desc in parse_file(os.path.join(data_dir, 'cached-descriptors')):
                self._or[desc.fingerprint] = desc.nickname
                self._relayBW [desc.fingerprint]= desc.observed_bandwidth
                if desc.exit_policy.can_exit_to(address=self.ip, port=self._port) and self._num_hops>1:
                    self._exit_or.add(desc.fingerprint)
                if desc.exit_policy.can_exit_to(address=self.ip, port=self._port) and self._num_hops==1 and desc.allow_single_hop_exits:
                    self._exit_or.add(desc.fingerprint)
        except Exception as exc:
            self.get_or_from_network()

    def get_or_from_network(self):
        self._or = {}
        self._relayBW = {}
        self._exit_or = set()
        downloader = DescriptorDownloader()
        try:
            for desc in downloader.get_server_descriptors().run():
                self._or[desc.fingerprint] = desc.nickname
                self._relayBW [desc.fingerprint]= desc.observed_bandwidth
                if desc.exit_policy.is_exiting_allowed() and self._num_hops>1:
                    self._exit_or.add(desc.fingerprint)
                if desc.exit_policy.is_exiting_allowed() and self._num_hops==1 and desc.allow_single_hop_exits:
                    self._exit_or.add(desc.fingerprint)
        except Exception as exc:
            print "Unable to retrieve the server descriptors: %s" % exc

    def create_circuit(self):
        circId = None
        while not circId:
            path=[]
            for i in range(self._num_hops-1):
                node=random.choice(self._or.keys())
                path.append(node)
            node = random.sample(self._exit_or,1)
            path.extend(node)
            try:
                circId=self._controller.new_circuit(path)
            except ControllerError:
                print "Not able to create a circit", path
                pass
            except Exception:
                return;
        self._paths[circId]=path

def main():
    assert get_distribution('stem').version > '1.0.1', 'Stem module version must be higher then 1.0.1.'
    parser = ArgumentParser(description="Probe RTTs of Tor circuits.")
    parser.add_argument("--circuits", type=int, default=10, help="Number of circuits to probe.")
    parser.add_argument("--samples", type=int, default=10, help="Number of samples taken for each circuit.")
    parser.add_argument("--time", type=int, default=1800, help="Milliseconds between measures.")
    parser.add_argument("--output", type=str, default='/home/juan/src/tor-measure/Measures/temp', help="Prefix for output files.")
    parser.add_argument("--hops", type=int, default='2', help="Number of hops.")
    parser.add_argument("--port", type=int, default='80', help="Listening port of the server.")
    parser.add_argument("--auth", type=str, default="juan", help="Authenticate password for control Tor")
    args = parser.parse_args()
    controller = connect_port()
    if not controller:
        sys.stderr.write("ERROR: Couldn't connect to Tor.\n")
        sys.exit(1)
    if not controller.is_authenticated():
        controller.authenticate(args.auth)
    try:
        controller.set_conf("UseMicrodescriptors", "0")
        controller.set_conf("__DisablePredictedCircuits", "1")
        controller.set_conf("__LeaveStreamsUnattached", "1")

        #Close previous circuits
        for circ in controller.get_circuits():
            if not circ.build_flags or 'IS_INTERNAL' not in circ.build_flags:
                controller.close_circuit(circ.id)
        manager = torController(controller, args.hops, args.circuits, args.samples, args.time, args.output, args.port)
        manager.join()
    finally:
        controller.reset_conf("__DisablePredictedCircuits")
        controller.reset_conf("__LeaveStreamsUnattached")
        controller.reset_conf("MaxCircuitDirtiness")
        controller.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Why are underscores converted to directory separators in PSR-0? I'm trying to figure out why would underscores in class names be converted to directory separators in PSR-0? I'm sure there is a reason for it, but I can't think of why.
If I have a class named my_class_name in the namespace \namespace\subnamespace
Wouldn't that then convert to \namespace\subnamespace\my\class\name when what I want is \namespace\subnamespace\my_class_name?
I understand if my class system is built around this it would work, but if I wanted directory separators I would have just used a backslash instead of an underscore.

A: Because history. It was common prior to PHP gaining namespace support for projects to use underscore-separated bits for a sort of poor man's namespacing. There was enough of that still going on at the time PSR-0 was created to make it a practical decision.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Some 20 People Killed in Second DR Congo Massacre: Reports
© Flickr / United Nations Photo
Inside Jihadi Africa (11)
https://sputniknews.com/world/20141018194259593-Some-20-People-Killed-in-Second-DR-Congo-Massacre-Reports/
New massacre has taken place in Democratic Republic of Kongo with 20 people killed in the outskirt of Beni.
MOSCOW, October 18 (RIA Novosti) - Militants have killed some 20 people in the Democratic Republic of Congo in the second massacre in two days on the outskirts of Beni, a local pastor said Saturday.
Victims, predominantly women and children, were killed with guns, machetes and axes in the village of Eringeti, a local pastor told BBC News.
The attack has been blamed on a Ugandan Islamist group, the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), however a local official could not confirm the allegation, according to BBC News.
The massacre is the second in the area after a group of men armed with machetes and hatchets attacked two neighborhoods, Bgadi and Kadowu, near Beni on Wednesday night leaving some 30 dead and dozens injured. These earlier attacks were blamed on the ADF by the governor of North Kivu, Julien Paluku, and the non-governmental group, Civil Society of North Kivu.
The ADF is based in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, where many armed groups have wreaked havoc over the past two decades. The group was formed in 1996 by a puritanical Muslim sect and recently established ties with Somalia's al-Shabab militants, according to the UN. All attempts to defuse violence in the country's eastern regions have failed and some 70 people have been killed within the last two weeks as a result of brutal attacks.
massacre, al-Shabab, Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo


If you operate a small, private school or oversee the grounds of such a school, then security has to be one of your top priorities. One way to keep the kids safer and more secure is to install a fence around the schoolyard. Here are some considerations to take into account as you choose a fence and work with your fence company to have it installed.
Vinyl is a great material choice.
Vinyl makes a very good material for a school yard fence, especially when you select a solid, privacy-style fence. The vinyl won't splinter like wood, so you don't have to worry about kids injuring themselves when they touch it. Plus, it will hold up to them crashing into the fence or bumping into it as they play.
Vinyl is also low-maintenance. You do not have to scrape it, and you don't have to treat it with waterproofing agents, either. This is good news since, as the operator of a small school, you probably already have more than enough obligations on your plate!
Vinyl-coated chain link can be a good, affordable alternative.
The downfall to vinyl privacy fences is that they can be a bit costly. If you're looking to keep costs down, you might want to consider vinyl-coated chain link fencing instead. It comes at a much lower price, and if you have some handy people in the school community, they should be able to install it themselves without having to hire a fencing contractor. (A vinyl privacy fence is much harder to install; you'll need to hire a professional.
Of course, you can see through a vinyl-coated chain link fence, so the neighbors and passersby will be able to see the students. This may not be a big deal in a rural area or a good community, but you might want to pay a bit more for a solid vinyl fence if your school is in a less-safe area.
It's best to steer clear of wood.
Regardless of what material you choose, you really should steer clear of wood. It can crack and become a hazard to students, due to the sharp edges and splinters. Plus, the stains and waterproofing agents you apply to it may present a hazard to younger students who may not know not to lick their fingers after they touch the fence.
Make sure you include a gate with keypad access.
If you will be fencing in the entire schoolyard, you will need to allow a way for parents and others who do belong on the grounds to enter. Passing out keys to everyone in the school community isn't exactly feasible, and your office staff may not want to spend half their day opening and closing the gate. So, a keypad entry system can be a good alternative. You can give all of the parents the code at the beginning of the year. The next year, you can change the code. This way, the code does not make its way out to too many "extra" people before you change it again.
Don't be afraid to vary the fencing type if needed.
Keep in mind that you may not need the same type of fence along the front of the property as you do along the side. You could use solid privacy fencing across the side where your school property borders residences to keep from bothering homeowners, but chain link fence across the front so those that drive by can admire the property and see what the school has to offer. Consider different configurations until you find a combination that meets your needs exactly.
For more information, visit websites like http://www.phoenixfence.com.


text:
Q: ImageJ - can not read out string from Results table after it has been saved I'm writing a macro that creates a results table that looks like this:

Name     value1     value2
  string1    number     number
  string2    number     number

At this point, if I use the getResultString("Name", 0) command in a loop I get the desired result (string1).
However, I need to save the table and re-open it at a later point.
If I save the Results table, close it and import it as a Results table, getResultString("Name", 0) gives me "Null" as an answer.
I tried saving it as .txt, .csv, or .xls files but the problem persists.
The re-imported table looks the same, but for some reason getResultString doesn't seem to work.
Any pointers? Workarounds?

A: The behaviour you observed is a bug. I was able to reproduce it using the following macro:
row = nResults;
dir = getDirectory("temp");

setResult("String", row, "xyz");
setResult("Number", row, 5.0);

// get results from new table
print(getResultString("String", 0));
print(getResult("Number", 0));

saveAs("Results", dir + "Results.xls");
open(dir + "Results.xls");

// get results from re-opened table
print(getResultString("String", 0));
print(getResult("Number", 0));

I filed a bug report, please also read how to best report bugs in ImageJ.
UPDATE: the bug was fixed by Wayne Rasband in ImageJ 1.50c8 with the comment:

Note that the bug only occurs when the first column is non-numeric and
  all other columns are numeric.


text:
We exist to build great things
Good Laud! Iconic city bar rises from the ashes
ICONIC Glasgow bar Lauder's has reopened after a massive internal makeover masterminded by Pacific Building.
The pub on Sauchiehall Street was closed for more than a year after it was damaged by the Victoria's night club fire in March 2018.
That blaze – in the building next door to Lauder's – also caused extensive damage to other surrounding properties, some of which had to be demolished.
More than 120 firefighters and 20 fire engines were mobilised to the city centre to fight the flames.
So it was a long-awaited moment of satisfaction when the pub's doors finally swung open again on Monday, September 16, at 5pm.
Pacific's project was an extensive one, involving almost every aspect of interior finishing and it took place against a tight schedule.
Plus, it showcased the furniture and fittings that were prefabricated in Pacific's state-of-the-art workshop in Hillington.
Manufacturing these items in advance promotes better quality control and helps with faster project delivery.
The works involved:
Full kitchen strip-out and replacement
New bar top
Installation of internal partitions
New integrated TV and sound system
CCTV and full alarm installation
Internal and external decoration
New drainage
Ceramic, wood and vinyl flooring
New toilets
Doors and wrought-iron work
New heating system
Soft and hard furnishing
Pacific were mindful of the importance of respecting the pub's history and maintaining its traditional decor that customers have grown to know while at the same time giving it an essential modernisation.
A spokesman for Mitchells & Butlers, who operate Lauder's, said: "There has to be modernisation, so we've taken this as an opportunity to give the place a revamp, but it won't be unrecognisable by any means."
M&B are also responsible for the nearby Horse Shoe bar, O'Neill's and The Auctioneers in Glasgow city centre.
Lauder's, though, has a historic standing that few pubs can match. It dates back to the 1830s and at one time boasted a barbershop in the basement, which is recalled via various visual devices throughout the building.
Lauder's case study
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It's time for another episode of Ask the VSG! On this call, we talk about corporate communication, social media as an alternative to email, and much more.
The Virtual Study Group welcomed guest presenter, Tracy Brisson (http://www.opportunitiesproject.com/). Tracy gave us the inside scoop on how to harness the power of GTD to move toward starting your own business and/or becoming self-employed.
Locked down, firewalled, hemmed in my "their" software? Yep, corporate life can really hamper your ability to create one system and practice GTD smoothly across all your areas of focus. In this session, we talk about how to make your practice flow across the barriers that come between you and blackbelt productivity.
One of the trickiest (and most critical) parts of getting a new job is the salary negotiation. Yet, the skills required are rarely taught. In this special edition interview, host Tara Rodden Robinson talks to Jim Hopkinson, author of Salary Tutor to give you the inside scoop on how to ask for what you're worth--and get it!
Download the podcast here and check out Jim's book on Amazon (affiliate link).
Stuck in a dead end job? Laid off? Maybe just want new horizons and challenges? No matter where you are in your career, this call will give you some food for thought. Ken Mattsson (www.resonare.com; twitter.com/kenmattsson), career and professional development consultant, takes us from 50K to the runway and gives lots of helpful advice on how to create your vision, build your network, and accelerate your progress.


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What is a compiler?
A compiler is a special program that translates a programming language's source code into machine code, bytecode or another programming language. The source code is typically written in a high-level, human-readable language such as Java or C++. A programmer writes the source code in a code editor or an integrated development environment (IDE) that includes an editor, saving the source code to one or more text files. A compiler that supports the source programming language reads the files, analyzes the code, and translates it into a format suitable for the target platform.
Compilers that translate source code to machine code target specific operating systems and computer architectures. This type of output is sometimes referred to as object code (which is not related to object-oriented programming). The outputted machine code is made up entirely of binary bits -- 1s and 0s -- so it can be read and executed by the processors on the target computers. For example, a compiler might output machine code for the Linux x64 platform or Linux ARM 64-bit platform.
Some compilers can translate source code to bytecode instead machine code. Bytecode, which was first introduced in the Java programming language, is an intermediate language that can be executed on any system platform running a Java virtual machine (JVM) or bytecode interpreter. The JVM or interpreter converts the bytecode into instructions that can be executed by the hardware processor. A JVM also makes it possible for the bytecode to be recompiled by a just-in-time compiler. (See also: Java compiler)
Some compilers can translate source code into another high-level programming language, rather than machine code or bytecode. This type of compiler might be referred to as a transpiler, transcompiler, source-to-source translator or it might go by another name. For example, a developer might use a transpiler to convert COBOL to Java.
Regardless of the source language or the type of output, a compiler must ensure that the logic of the output code always matches that of the input code and that nothing is lost when converting the code. A compiler is, in the strictest sense, a translator and must ensure that the output is correct and preserves all the original logic.
How does a compiler work?
Compilers vary in the methods they use for analyzing and converting source code to output code. Despite their differences, they typically carry out the following steps:
Lexical analysis. The compiler splits the source code into lexemes, which are individual code fragments that represent specific patterns in the code. The lexemes are then tokenized in preparation for syntax and semantic analyses.
Syntax analysis. The compiler verifies that the code's syntax is correct, based on the rules for the source language. This process is also referred to as parsing. During this step, the compiler typically creates abstract syntax trees that represent the logical structures of specific code elements.
Semantic analysis. The compiler verifies the validity of the code's logic. This step goes beyond syntax analysis by validating the code's accuracy. For example, the semantic analysis might check whether variables have been assigned the right types or have been properly declared.
IR code generation. After the code passes through all three analysis phases, the compiler generates an intermediate representation (IR) of the source code. The IR code makes it easier to translate the source code into a different format. However, it must accurately represent the source code in every respect, without omitting any functionality.
Optimization. The compiler optimizes the IR code in preparation for the final code generation. The type and extent of optimization depends on the compiler. Some compilers let users configure the degree of optimization.
Output code generation. The compiler generates the final output code, using the optimized IR code.
Diagram illustrating the order of typical compiler steps.
Compilers are sometimes confused with programs called interpreters. Although the two are similar, they differ in important ways. Compilers analyze and convert source code written in languages such as Java, C++, C# or Swift. They're commonly used to generate machine code or bytecode that can be executed by the target host system.
Interpreters do not generate IR code or save generated machine code. They process the code one statement at a time at runtime, without pre-converting the code or preparing it in advance for a particular platform. Interpreters are used for code written in scripting languages such as Perl, PHP, Ruby or Python.
See also: decompile, yet another compiler compiler, parser, software toolchain, native code, assembler
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A host is a computer or other device that communicates with other hosts on a network.
Network as a Service (NaaS)
Network as a service, or NaaS, is a business model for delivering enterprise WAN services virtually on a subscription basis.
A crypto wallet (cryptocurrency wallet) is software or hardware that enables users to store and use cryptocurrency.
A zero-day is a security flaw in software, hardware or firmware that is unknown to the party or parties responsible for patching ...
A backdoor attack is a means to access a computer system or encrypted data that bypasses the system's customary security ...
Outsourcing is a business practice in which a company hires a third party to perform tasks, handle operations or provide services...
A chief operating officer (COO) is the corporate executive who oversees ongoing business operations within the company.
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The Broncos have reached out to free agent Ryan Fitzpatrick's representatives, sources told ESPN NFL Insider Adam Schefter, though Denver currently is unwilling to pay the salary that the quarterback is seeking.
The preliminary talks come as the Broncos search for their next starting quarterback following Brock Osweiler's decision to sign with the Houston Texans and the retirement of Peyton Manning.
The Broncos and Fitzpatrick could revisit those talks down the line, but for now, Denver will monitor Fitzpatrick's situation while continuing its attempt to bring in another quarterback to compete with Mark Sanchez, sources said.
The Broncos traded for Sanchez on Friday, sending a conditional draft pick to the Philadelphia Eagles. Broncos executive vice president of football operations/general manager John Elway called that the "first step in our process" in a tweet.
Trevor Siemian is the other quarterback currently on the Broncos' roster.
Fitzpatrick, 33, threw for 3,905 yards with 31 touchdowns and 15 interceptions in 2015, his first season with the New York Jets. The Jets have been in a stalemate with Fitzpatrick and are nowhere close to an agreement, sources told Schefter.
The Jets met with Robert Griffin III over the weekend as the team considers other quarterback options, sources told Schefter. Although they have downplayed the visit as "due diligence" out of respect to their contract talks with Fitzpatrick, the Jets have legitimate interest in Griffin, sources said.


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The best United Airlines deals on eSky
Get to know more about United Airlines
United Airlines is one of the oldest airline company in the United States of America. It was founded in 1926 under the name "Boeing Air Transport". At first, the airline served as an airmail carrier flying from New York to San Francisco via Chicago and Salt Lake City. In 1930, the company started carrying passengers. That was also when the world's first stewardesses were put into service. The first female flight attendant was a nurse named Ellen Church. During the Second World War, United Airlines employees served in the armed forces, piloting bombers, transporting mail, and taking part in various battles.
In 1962, upon its merger with Capital Airlines, the company became the world's second-largest air carrier, being exceeded only by Aeroflot. However, it wasn't until 1983 that United Airlines operated its first international flight – from Portland and Seattle to Tokyo. In 1991, due to financial difficulties of Pan American World Airways, United Airlines decided to purchase its routes between the States and London Heathrow. After the bankruptcy of Pan Am, its Pacific route system was also acquired by United.
In 1988, United Airlines and four other carriers (Air Canada, Lufthansa, SAS, and Thai Airways International) co-founded the Star Alliance airline partnership.
In the September 11th terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center, Al-Qaeda members hijacked two United Airlines airliners. Boeing 767-200ER crashed into the south tower while Boeing 757 – near Pennsylvania. As a result, the company reported a financial loss of nearly 2.1 billion dollars. However, thanks to the support of the U.S. government, it quickly returned to financial balance.
In 2010, United merged with Continental – both airlines continued to operate as subsidiaries of the newly created United Continental Holdings with the fleet of 692 aircraft and 370 airports in 59 countries served. All the flights were rebranded as United Airlines. In March 2012, Federal Aviation Administration approved the merger, so the two airlines are becoming one under a single operating license.
United Airlines allows passengers to take a cabin bag on board. It should always meet the size and weight restrictions specified by the airlines. They may vary depending on the booking class and the destination.
There are also specific dimensions and weight limits for the checked-in baggage. They depend on the booking class and the route too.
Passengers traveling with United Airlines can choose between Premium, Business, and Economy booking fares. In the two former classes, there's at least 120 cm of leg room and the leather seats recline into a fully flat bed. Passengers have access to individually adjustable reading lamps, seat-back screens, and video players. Sets of toiletries, pillows, and linens are also available to them. United Airlines was the first flight company in the world to offer app optimized for the iPod and iPhone with their entertainment systems.
It is available within 24 hours of the scheduled departure time. It may, however, vary depending on the destination and the departure airport.
United Airlines fleet consists of 708 aircraft including Airbus A319-100, A320-200, Boeing 737-700, 737-800, 737-900, 737-900ER, 747-400, 757-400, 757-200, 747-300, 767-300ER, 767-400ER, 777-200, 777-200ER, 787-8, and 878-9.
Chicago-O'Hare
Chicago O'Hare International Airport is located 27 kilometers northwest from the center of Chicago, Illinois, USA. The airport was named after Edward "Butch" O'Hare who was a naval aviator of the United States Navy. At the airport, travelers can find plenty of restaurants, bars, and cafes, as well as duty-free shops. There is also a hotel and 10 car rentals with offices located in Terminals 1, 2, and 3. Free wireless internet service is available throughout the airport.
Economy class passengers are provided with complimentary beverages, including soft drinks, juice, tea, and freshly brewed coffee. Freshly made meals (breakfast, lunch, and dinner) can be chosen and purchased from the onboard menu. Beer, wine, and other alcoholic beverages are available on all routes. Business and premium class travelers can enjoy delicious meals, starters, ice cream and desserts, fruit, cheese, alcohol drinks, and freshly brewed coffee.
Thanks to the in-flight entertainment system, passengers can browse through the selection of movies, TV programs, music videos, and games. Free WiFi is available on board of almost all planes. On long-haul routes, passengers can do shopping in Duty-Free onboard boutique which offers, e.g., jewelry, cosmetics, and perfumes. There's also a frequent flyer program called MileagePlus available to passengers traveling on a certain class of tickets.


Описание: A.I. Artificial Intelligence was the extraordinary collaboration of two cinematic giants, Stanley Kubrick and Steven Spielberg. This book reveals how the project originated, how it was developed and how it was finally brought to fruition. It features over 250 images by the film`s conceptual artist.
Описание: Security depends on intelligence. This is a discussion of basic problems in American intelligence and how to fix them, outlining fundamental restructuring of this vast network of agencies, technology and human agents. William E.
Odom is a high-ranking member of the United States Intelligence community. In the wake of 9/11, Odom has revised and updated a critique he wrote several years before for staffs of the US congressional committee overseeing the vast American intelligence bureaucracy. His recommendations for revamping this essential component of American security are here available for general readers as well as for policymakers.
While giving an overview of the world of US intelligence, Odom shows that the failure of American intelligence on 9/11 had much to do with the complex bureaucratic relationships existing among the various components of the Intelligence Community. The sustained fragmentation within the Intelligence Community since World War II is part of the story; the blurring of security and intelligence duties is another. Odom describes the various components of American intelligence in order to give readers an understanding of how complex they are and what can be done to make them more effective in providing timely intelligence and more efficient in using their large budgets.
He shows definitively that they cannot be remedied with quick fixes but require deep study of the entire bureaucracy and the commitment of the US government to implement the necessary reforms.
Описание: What is animal intelligence? In what ways is it similar to human intelligence? Many behavioural scientists have realized that animals can be rational, can think in abstract symbols, can understand and react to human speech, and can learn through observation as well as conditioning many of the more complicated skills of life. Duane Rumbaugh and David Washburn have identified an advanced level of animal behaviour that reflects animals' natural and active inclination to make sense of the world. Rumbaugh and Washburn unify all behaviour into a framework they call Rational Behaviourism and present it as a new way to understand learning, intelligence and rational behaviour in both animals and humans.
Drawing on years of research on issues of complex learning and intelligence in primates (notably rhesus monkeys, chimpanzees and bonobos), Rumbaugh and Washburn provide delightful examples of animal ingenuity and persistence, showing that animals are capable of very creative solutions to novel challenges. The authors analyse learning processes and r search methods, discuss the meaningful differences across the primate order and point the way to further advances, enlivening theoretical material about primates with stories about their behaviour and achievements.
Описание: We live in a world awash in manmade chemicals, from the pesticides on our front lawns to the diesel exhaust in the air we breathe. This book explains the origins of society`s profound misunderstanding of everyday chemical hazards and offers a practical path toward developing greater `green intelligence`.
Описание: The enigmatic science of military intelligence is examined in this personal record, written by Brig.Gen. Oscar W. Koch, who served during World War II as chief of intelligence for General George S. Patton, Jr., one of the most colorful military leaders in American history. General Koch traces the growth and development of the infant science through detailed accounts of the intelligence role in some of the most celebrated battles of the war, and through his personal remembrances of Patton and his relationships with members of his intelligence staff. His story moves from the African campaign through Sicily, into France on D-Day and on to the Battle of the Bulge, pointing out how the work of the intelligence staff made the differences in the final reckoning. General Kochs book is more than a historical study, however. It is the exciting story of the operations behind the cloak and dagger illusions.
Описание: We live in a world awash in manmade chemicals, from the pesticides on our front lawns to the diesel exhaust in the air we breathe. In this book, the author explains the origins of society`s profound misunderstanding of everyday chemical hazards and offers a practical path toward developing greater `green intelligence`.
Описание: Understanding how brains build intelligence is among the most fascinating challenges of modern science. How does the biological brain, a collection of billions of cells, enable us to do things no other species can do? This book offers an adventure story - the story of the hunt for basic principles of human intelligence, behaviour, and thought.
Описание: Critics of intelligence tests have argued that these tests neglect important qualities such as emotion, empathy, and interpersonal skills. However, such critiques imply that though intelligence tests may miss certain key noncognitive areas, they encompass most of what is important in the cognitive domain. This book challenges this assumption.
Описание: The genre of Rajput painting flourished between the 16th and 19th centuries in the kingdoms that ruled what is now the Indian state of Rajasthan (place of rajas). This title surveys the overall tradition of Indian Rajput painting, while developing new methods to ask unprecedented questions about meaning.
Who Are You? Test Your Emotional Intelligence is perfect for a handbag, briefcase, or knapsack This entertaining and enlightening quiz book is great to have on hand anytime and anywhere, be it a long commute, a waiting room, or an evening at home.
Описание: Human intelligence is among the most powerful forces on earth. This book explains how brains break down problems into useful, solvable parts and then assemble these parts into the complex mental programmes of human thought and action. It is suitable for those curious to understand how their own mind works.


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Welcome to Studio B ~ Home Of The Studio B Dance Company
Studio B is committed to providing professional dance instruction in a safe, energetic, and positive studio environment. Our talented and qualified instructors are devoted to building a studio of excellence and strive to provide the best quality of dance education possible for all students. We believe that dance builds self-esteem, discipline, and self-confidence. We encourage students of all ages and levels to build an appreciation for the art of dance and to excel to their fullest potential. Not only will our students develop the skills necessary to perform, but also a true and long lasting love for dance.
Happy New Year 2023 - Tuition Due
Studio Closed - MLK
Jan. 17th
Classe Resume
Recital Costume Deposits Due *date extended*
June 24th & 25th
Dress Rehearsal & Recital 2023 - Back To The 80's
EMPOWERING DANCERS WITH CONFIDENCE & AMBITION FOR LIFE
Studio B Family


Bias disclosure: I generally do not like pop psychology/self-help books. Therefore, you probably should not be surprised that The Irritable Male Syndrome did not change my mind about the genre.
I happened to see a blurb about The Irritable Male Syndrome in a magazine at about the time my family uniformly was reporting my irritability was at all-time levels. As a result, on a whim I picked the book up on our next trip through the local chain bookstore. It is emblematic of how I view the genre.
Jed Diamond made a name for himself with the book Male Menopause. Irritable Male Syndrome ("IMS") seems to be more of the same, except applicable to a much broader age range. Diamond first outlines what he considers IMS to be. My condensed interpretation: if females have PMS, then males probably have IMS, which often manifests itself from a male-oriented predisposition to both depression and aggression. Moreover, to show that this just isn't what is often called a "mid-life crisis," Diamond takes pains to point out it can strike any male from puberty on.
Diamond has the reader take a test that it seems would naturally lead to the conclusion that a significant number of the men taking it have IMS. Scoring just 26 out of a possible 150 points means you have "[s]ome indications of IMS" and may need help. Scoring 50 points means "IMS is likely, and it is advisable to seek help." A score above 75 means "IMS is definitely present, and getting help is most important." Now it seems to me that that scoring 50 percent or less on a test means you failed, not that you passed with flying colors.
Regardless, between using examples of those whose lives and/or marriages have been turned around by their discovery that they or their spouse had IMS and analysis of various factors Diamond believes contributes to the syndrome, Diamond makes suggestions on how to cope with it. Not surprisingly, he suggests that men suffering IMS need to make changes in the physical, psychological and emotional aspects of their lives. I guess that means there aren't a lot of areas that don't need work. While Diamond's comments regarding the role hormonal levels may play in this syndrome may very well be accurate, most of what he says consists of common sense ideas you would perhaps come across if you simply take the time to think about the situation.
We can listen to our inner voices, to the direction of our personal daimons. We can keep our passion for this wonderful dance of life alive and feel the joy of living at a time of great problems and also great opportunities. We can also learn from our elders, from those who are a bit farther along the path of creating identifies based on healing ourselves, healing others, and healing the planet.
Healing the planet? I'm sorry, I didn't realize my irritability was contributing to its destruction. I do know that if I wasn't an irritable male before picking up and reading yet another piece of the pop psychology that floods our bookstores, I sure as hell was after reading more than 200 pages to come to conclusions like that.


Who thought that Kitchen Scales could look so good? You will be sure to measure out all the right ingredients with this stylish and easy to use set of Cooks Kitchen Scales. With plenty of room and a in its stainless steel bowl, the scales measure up to 5kg in 20g increments. Its large easy to read dial will ensure that exact amounts are weighed out every time and its Charcoal colour way makes it rather lovely to look at on the kitchen worktop or dresser.
These classic Cook's Kitchen Scales will make sure that large numbers are always catered for at meal times. Designed with a large bowl, this set of traditional cook's scales are perfect for all those foodies who like to bake a plenty! Made in powder coated steel and finsihed in Charcoal colour wash, they'll also look rather smart on the kitchen worktop too. A must-have to house amongst your range of kitchen accessories.


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Biografia
Primatista mondiale nella categoria allieve e primatista europea nella categoria juniores, ha vinto la sua prima medaglia assoluta nei Campionati europei di atletica leggera del 2010, durante i quali si aggiudicò la medaglia di bronzo nei 20 km di marcia. Ha anche rappresentato la Russia ai Campionati del mondo del 2009, ottenendo il quattordicesimo posto.

Nel 2011, a Soči, ha vinto i campionati russi di marcia, ottenendo un risultato da record del mondo: 1h25'08", battendo il precedente record del mondo di 33 secondi (che apparteneva alla russa Olimpiada Ivanova).

Record nazionali

Seniores
 Marcia 20 km: 1h25'08 ( Soči, 26 febbraio 2011)

Progressione

Palmarès

Campionati nazionali
 1 volta campionessa nazionale nella marcia 20 km (2011)

2011
  ai Campionati nazionali russi di marcia, marcia 20 km - 1h25'08"

Altre competizioni internazionali
2010
 4ª alla Coppa del mondo di marcia ( Chihuahua), marcia 20 km - 1h33'54"

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mazama Campground has approximately 200 sites. Running water, flush toilets, picnic tables, and fire rings are provided. Reservations can be made calling 1-888-774-2728 or at the Crater Lake Lodge website (www.craterlakelodges.com). Please Note: Weather can impact the opening and closing dates of the campground.


The GVRCA Board of Directors ratify the next year's budget at the annual election meeting. The Board then uses the budget as a guideline for financial decisions during the year. The budget also sets the monthly dues amount for the membership. If you would like to view the entire Operating and Reserve budget please visit the Terra West Web Portal.


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