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Author Archive: Margarete Paris
Earliest proof of cooking shows our ancestors liked well-done fish
Posted on November 19, 2022 November 19, 2022 by Margarete Paris
An illustration of hominins exploiting and cooking Luciobarbus longiceps (large barb, Cyprinidae) on the shores of paleo Lake Hula(illustration by Ella Maru). Credit: Tel Aviv University
Early human ancestors living 780,000 years ago liked their fish well-done, Israeli researchers revealed Monday, in what they said was the earliest evidence of fire being used to cook.
Exactly when our ancestors started cooking has been a matter of controversy among archaeologists because it is difficult to prove that an ancient fireplace was used to prepare food, and not just for warmth.
But the birth of the culinary arts marks an important turning point in human history, because by making food easier to chew and digest it is believed to have greatly contributed to our eventual expansion across the world.
Previously, the first "definitive evidence" of cooking was by Neanderthals and early Homo sapiens 170,000 years ago, according to a new study published in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution.
The study, which pushes that date back by more than 600,000 years, is the result of 16 years of work by its first author Irit Zohar, an archaeologist at Tel Aviv University's Steinhardt Museum of Natural History.
During that time she has catalogued thousands of fish remains found at a site called Gesher Benot Ya'aqov in northern Israel.
The site near the banks of the Jordan River was once home to a lake, where a treasure trove of ancient fish fossils helped the team of researchers investigate exactly when the first cooks started getting inventive in the kitchen.
"It was like facing a puzzle, with more and more information until we could make a story about human evolution," Zohar told AFP.
'Desire to cook'?
The first clue came in an area that contained "nearly no fish bones" but lots of teeth, she said.
This could point towards cooking because fish bones soften and disintegrate at temperatures under 500 degrees Celsius (930 Fahrenheit)—but their teeth remain.
In the same area, a colleague of Zohar's found burnt flints and other evidence that it had previously been used as a fireplace.
And most of the teeth belonged to just two particularly large species of carp, suggesting they had been selected for their "succulent" meat, the study said. Some of the carp were over two meters (6.5 feet) long.
The "decisive" proof came by studying the teeth's enamel, Zohar said.
The researchers used a technique called X-ray powder diffraction at the Natural History Museum in London to find out how heating changes the structure of the crystals which make up enamel.
Comparing the results with other fish fossils, they found that the teeth from the key area of the lake were subjected to a temperature of between 200-500 degrees Celsius (400-930 Fahrenheit).
That is just the right range for well-cooked fish.
Whether our forerunners baked, grilled, poached or sauted their fish remains unknown, though the study suggested they may have used some kind of earth oven.
Fire is thought to have first been mastered by Homo erectus some 1.7 million years ago.
But "because you can control fire for warming, that does not mean you control it for cooking—they could have eaten the fish next to the fire," Zohar said.
Then the human ancestors might have thrown the bones in the fire, said Anais Marrast, an archaeozoologist at France's National Museum of Natural History not involved in the study.
"The whole question about exposure to fire is whether it is about getting rid of remains or a desire to cook," she said.
Irit Zohar et al, Evidence for the cooking of fish 780,000 years ago at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel, Nature Ecology & Evolution (2022). DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01910-z
Earliest proof of cooking shows our ancestors liked well-done fish (2022, November 19)
retrieved 19 November 2022
from https://phys.org/news/2022-11-earliest-proof-cooking-ancestors-well-done.html
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Giant New Mexico fire rages as drought-hit US West braces for summer
Posted on May 7, 2022 May 7, 2022 by Margarete Paris
Water levels have plummeted at Lake Mead due to the American West's historic drought, exposing corroded barrels.
Firefighters struggled Friday to contain a giant blaze that has been burning for more than a month in New Mexico, raising fears for the summer ahead in the drought-hit western United States.
The so-called "Hermits Peak Fire" has torn through 168,000 acres at the southern end of the Rocky Mountains, destroying around 170 properties and forcing the evacuation of nearly 16,000 homes.
But the blaze remains just 20 percent contained.
"This is a historic fire weather event… this is a critical stage of the fire," New Mexico governor Michelle Lujan Grisham said in a briefing Friday.
"We have high temperatures and extreme wind. This is the worst possible set of conditions for any fire," she warned.
The fire began on April 6 when a "prescribed" burn, intended to remove excess vegetation in a controlled area, escaped control due to strong winds and dry conditions.
The blaze comes at the start of the American West's long fire season but is already the second-largest in New Mexico's history, having burned an area more than the state's average for an entire year.
The National Weather Service in Albuquerque warned that windy and dry conditions are expected through the weekend and "will make our bad situation worse."
US President Joe Biden this week declared a major disaster in New Mexico, unlocking federal resources including financial aid for affected individuals.
Like much of the American West, New Mexico is in the grip of a years-long drought that has left the area parched and vulnerable to wildfire.
Reservoirs have plummeted to dangerously low levels, with Lake Mead—the country's largest reservoir, close to Las Vegas—at 31 percent.
The water has dropped to such a historic extent that a corroded barrel containing a four-decade-old body was found in the lake earlier this week.
Lake Mead is fed by the Colorado River, which has seen its flow drop by 20 percent over the past century, driven by atmospheric warming, according to a US Geological Survey report in 2020.
Although fires are a natural part of the climate cycle and help to clear dead brush, their scale and intensity are increasing.
Scientists say a warming climate, chiefly caused by human activities such as the unchecked burning of fossil fuels, is altering weather patterns.
This prolongs droughts in some areas and provokes unseasonably large storms in other places.
Giant New Mexico fire rages as drought-hit US West braces for summer (2022, May 6)
retrieved 7 May 2022
from https://phys.org/news/2022-05-giant-mexico-rages-drought-hit-west.html
Are 'person' or 'people' gender-neutral concepts? New study finds male tilt in analysis of billions of words
Posted on April 1, 2022 April 1, 2022 by Margarete Paris
Credit: CC0 Public Domain
The concept of a "person" or "people" is, despite its definition, not gender-neutral when it comes to how we use these terms. In fact, we tend to prioritize men when referring to people in general, shows a new study by a team of psychology and linguistics researchers.
The findings, which are reported in the journal Science Advances, are based on an analysis of more than 630 billion words drawn from internet web pages, using artificial intelligence tools to measure what words mean based on how they are used by millions of individuals.
"Many forms of bias, such as the tendency to associate 'science' with men more than women, have been studied in the past, but there has been much less work on how we view a 'person,' " says April Bailey, a postdoctoral researcher in New York University's Department of Psychology and the lead author of the paper.
"Our findings show that even when using gender-neutral terms, we prioritize men over women," adds co-author Adina Williams, a research scientist at Meta AI and a graduate of NYU's doctoral program in linguistics.
Bias at such a foundational level—our word choices—is potentially consequential, the researchers note.
"Conceptions of 'people' form the basis of many societal decisions and policymaking," observes Andrei Cimpian, a professor in New York University's Department of Psychology and the senior author of the paper. "Because men and women are each about half of the species, prioritizing men in our collective idea of a 'person' creates inequity for women in decisions based on this idea."
Summary of the forthcoming Science Advances paper entitled, "Based on Billions of Words on the Interent, PEOPLE = MEN". Credit: April H. Bailey
The research team examined words' meanings by considering how they are used by individuals. Specifically, the team studied how we use words expressing the concept of "person" and its gender-specific counterparts, "woman" and "man."
To test whether we're likely to think of men more often than we are of women when writing about "people," the team used artificial intelligence algorithms that learn the meaning of words based on how they are used, drawing from a language repository collected by the non-profit Common Crawl in May 2017. This repository included more than 630 billion mostly English-language words appearing on nearly three billion web pages.
The researchers considered how word meaning is related to word context and use. For example, if you hear, "Each morning, Joe boiled water in the balak for tea," you might guess that "balak" means something similar to "kettle," even though "balak" is unfamiliar, because the words alongside "balak" ("tea," "boiled," and "water") also frequently co-occur with "kettle."
In the Science Advances paper, the researchers investigated, in three studies, the meaning of "person" and related words (e.g., "people") by taking into account adjacent words—the linguistic context.
In the first study, they compared the similarity in meaning (inferred via linguistic context) between words for people (e.g., "individual") and words for men (e.g., "he" and "male") to the similarity in meaning between words for people and words for women (e.g., "she" and "female").
They found that words for people were used more similarly, and were thus more similar in their meaning, to words for men than to words for women—and by a statistically significant margin. Put another way, the collective concept "people" overlapped more with the concept "men" than with the concept "women" in the studied words.
In the second study, instead of focusing on words for people, the team examined words denoting features central to this concept—specifically, words for traits that commonly describe what people are like. They compared hundreds of trait words identified in past research as common descriptors of people (e.g., "extroverted," "analytical," and "superstitious") to the same lists of words for women and for men from the paper's initial study.
They found that the meaning of these descriptor words in the second study were, overall, more similar to the meaning of words for men than to the meaning of words for women, with a statistically significant difference between the two. That is, common words that describe what people are like (e.g., "extroverted") are also used more similarly to words for men than to words for women.
In a third study, the researchers studied the use of verbs—a reasonable area for exploration given the initial findings. Specifically, if the collective concept "people" overlaps more with the concept "men" than with the concept "women," then words that describe what people do and what is done to them (e.g., "love," "annoy") may also be more likely to be similar in their contextual meaning to words denoting men than to words denoting women.
In this study, they compared the meaning similarities between more than 250 verbs that describe actions that people take (e.g., "facilitate," "smile," and "threaten") and words for men vs. words for women.
As with the second study, which focused on common words that describe what people are like, words that describe what people do (e.g., "run") were also used more similarly to words for men than to words for women—a difference that was again statistically significant.
April H. Bailey, Based on billions of words on the internet, PEOPLE = MEN, Science Advances (2022). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2463. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abm2463
Are 'person' or 'people' gender-neutral concepts? New study finds male tilt in analysis of billions of words (2022, April 1)
retrieved 1 April 2022
from https://phys.org/news/2022-04-person-people-gender-neutral-concepts-male.html


The Green Pet Foundation offers unique volunteer programs in Costa Rica to enjoy a once in a lifetime ecological and cultural experience.
The volunteer program in Costa Rica has the goal that the participants help us with our socio-environmental work in the town of Atenas, Costa Rica, and that at the same time they can visit the tourist attractions of the zone, learn the Spanish language, share with the families that will house them, plant trees, and at the same time be able to explore other places in Costa Rica.
In groups or individually, The Green Pet Foundation offers the opportunity to volunteer your service, in which you will be able to stay with the family in the community, learn from them, and collaborate with a long list of volunteer activities in the Atenas community, which is considered to possess the best climate in the world.
Organic Pure Honey farm "San Isidro Products"
Summary: Small production farm of organic honey in the village of San Isidro in Atenas needs your help, this family has years of experience in extracting honey 100% pure and in the past year have begun with the sale of this high quality product in the entire community. They have also decided to expand their business by offering tours . Come learn with us and help this small business grow and achieve their dreams!
Objective: You will work on this property, create tour trails, interpretive signs, clear areas for tourists, build small roads, create tools necessary for extracting honey, help in the honey cleaning and extractor area and other important activities involved in the production of honey.
Transport to workplace: bus ($1), bus ride lasts 25 minutes.
Summary: This is an small nursery dedicated to growing orchids and other plants, run by a group of women to raise money to help other organizations. Tours are now being offered, and they need your help to make it more attractive to tourists as well as in the care and sale of plants.
Objectives: work with orchids in a greenhouse cared for by women that sell these plants; help in planting, making organic compost, caring for the plants, and helping in the greenhouse.
Transport to workplace: bus ($1), bus ride lasts 35 minutes.
Also: A.M.A.S.I.A (Asociacion de Mujeres Artesanas de San Isidro Atenas) is an organisation created by two women in 1994. Their aim was to give creative women an opportunity to earn, with association to INAMU (Instituto Nacional de la Mujeres), which aims to give women new opportunities and protection in a patriarchal society. Today, AMASIA grows various house plants to be sold, and also are hoping to offer the service of Comida Tipica cooking lessons, as well as orders (both individual and bulk orders for events).
In the early years of the organisation, there were 30+ women working at the compound. However, over time various commitments have caused numbers to drop. The four remaining ladies are doing an incredible job at keeping this place going. Previous investments have helped facilitate the compound and diversify its products but the women are most happy now. One of AMASIA's founders Celia stated "estamos traquillos porqué no debemos nada. Entonces estamos libres" (Translation: We are calm, because we don't owe nothing. So we are free).
However, as the years pass by, it is evermore difficult for the ladies of AMASIA to fund this place. Whilst they used to sell at La Ferria, the cost of the pitch as well as transport takes a vast proportion of their earnings. Not only this but as this small group of women get older, this is proving too much for them. Cutting off this selling opportunity provides a threat to their weekly income.
To ensure the survival of this organisation, they need your support. Though they are no longer appearing at La Ferria, they are opening their doors, offering new and exciting things. AMASIA kitchen has had a makeover thanks to Barbara, a volunteer from the Greenpet Foundation; ready for your arrival. We want you to choose AMASIA as your plant provider, to support locally grown products and the women of your community.
The women of AMASIA can't wait to show off their greenhouse filled with plants, and their cooking skills passed down through generations. Please refer to our Facebook page @AmasiaCostaRica for photos of products as well as a rough price guideline.
Please call 8887 7828 (Marlene) or 2446 4414 (Celia) (for Spanish) or message our Facebook page (for English) to arrange a visit to AMASIA or for more information. All help is welcomed, including volunteering your time.
No longer appearing at La Ferria, AMASIA is opening their doors to the public, hosting an event to give you a taster of what they have to offer.
The women of AMASIA are known for their greenthumb skills and Comida Tipica. We want you to choose us, AMASIA, for your everyday house plants and gifts, for the provision of typical Costa Rican food for your individual consumption or for events; and for the donation of your time.
This event, costing only $5, includes a tour of their greenhouse with the opportunity to buy plants, tasters of Comida Tipica as well as coffee from the Beneficia Dr San Isidro, located just opposite to AMASIA, giving you a truly local experience. We hope that our hard work will keep you coming back for more.
Please call 8887 7828 (Marlene) or 2446 4414 (Celia) (for Spanish) or message our Facebook page (for English) to express your interest and to help us gain an idea of numbers.
As parking is limited we will be meeting at the Bus station in Central Atenas at 10:15am on 7th February, where you will be met by Sian, a volunteer from England, and travel to AMASIA as a group.
Summary: This is another family farm in the Atenas area which produces organic coffee on a small scale. They are also involved in tourism where this family explains the production process of coffee and give tourists a chance to taste different coffee types. They need a lot of help, you can help to make this business a success story of how small farms can succeed.
Objective: Here you can get hands on experience on how to pick coffee, pack the beans, help with the maintenance of the farm trails, create a lookouts for tourists and more.
Summary: The railway museum is a historical treasure of Atenas and we need your help to keep it from deteriorating and losing this part of our history forever. Since Atenas cannot afford a permament staff to maintiain this facility, your help is critical to help save this architectural gem.
Objective: improve the exhibits in the museum, clean the exhibits, remodeling of the infrastructure and more.
Transport to workplace: $2 round-trip to workplace, ride lasts approximately 15 minutes.
Summary: This is a foster home where children as young as 3 months old are accepted. They are children of mothers with little resources; often times these single mothers have the sole responsibility to care for their kids. At the community home, these mothers can drop their kids off while they go to work. As a volunteer, you can help take care of these kids as well as help them interact with other children, teach them English, prepare lunch for them, etc.
Objectives: Work with children and work together with the teacher, drawing, painting, singing, playing, etc.
Summary: While the Atenas public shools have kindergardens for children aged between 5-6 years old, these is no budget for English teachers in these classes. We need your help to volunteer as English teachers to teach these children basic English to help them prepare for later higher level classes.
Objectives: work with the teachers, cut, paste, sing, and more.
Summary: The childrens' orphan helps children from broken homes, many do not know their parents or have parents who are drug addicts.
Objectives: volunteers are needed to play with the children, teach them basic English, help with homework, etc.
Summary: This organization supports single mothers with children to provide childcare while they work a few hours to support their children, usually as maids. Most of the mothers have not completed their schooling so getting good jobs is difficult for them.
Objectives: Work with children between the ages of two and four years, work together with the teacher, drawing, painting, singing, playing, etc.
Summary: Work with horses in Atenas. Some people have no place in their home to care for horses. This facility offers low cost stables for people with limited resources to be able to take care of horses that were given to them as gifts are are family heirlooms.
Objectives: work with horses; cleaning the stalls, brushing the horses, riding the horses, feeding them, cutting the grass to make food.
Transport to workplace: bus $1 round-trip, bus ride lasts approximately 20 minutes.
Summary: This senior citizen home offers adults that have no other place to stay, because their families cannot afford to support them or for other reasons. Volunteers are needed to spend time with time for social and other activities.
Objective: give therapies along with the therapist in charge or if you have experience you can work alone, help with the meals, walks etc.
Summary: This is English language instruction for children, youth and adults. Since English is so important in today's world, and many families cannot afford to pay for English classes for their kids, your volunteer work with help our community of Atenas achieve greater things in life.
Objective: as a volunteer you can teach English (or other languages) to children and other people with limited resources in the community.
Available time: the program coordinator will assign you a place in the center of town for you to give classes.
Summary: This is a workshop for disabled people where they do some work which helps them feel better about themselves by being productive and gaining acceptance within the community. As we know many people discriminate against disabled people, even if it's a mild disability. By helping out you can make a huge impact in these people's life and make a friend forever.
Objective: a workshop for the disabled, you can help them by giving physical therapy, recreation, or any other therapy such as drawing with pencils or watercolors.
Note: The 4% of the price paid by the volunteers is used for reforestation program.


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La Liga extends sub-Saharan Africa deal with SuperSport
Spanish football league La Liga has extended its rights deal with South Africa-based broadcaster SuperSport. The deal will see the broadcaster continue to be the home of La Liga throughout sub-Saharan Africa in all languages apart from Arabic and French. SuperSport said that this extended partnership is central to its status as "the home of […]
SuperSport taps Insight TV to fill coronavirus gap
UHD channel provider and action sports and lifestyle producer Insight TV has struck a programming partnership with MultiChoice-owned pay-African sports channel bouquet SuperSport to provide content to fill the gap left by the coronavirus shut-down of live sports.. Insight TV is providing SuperSport with sports-themed programming to help keep SuperSport viewers engaged, including freestyle football, […]
Sport on-demand for UPC Austria subscribers
Liberty Global-owned cable operator UPC Austria has made selected content from the Sport 1+ and Sport 1 US channels available on-demand. The move means that UPC TV Plus, Super FIT, Super FIT Family, Top FIT and Mega FIT subscribers can now access content including international football and basketball on-demand. Sport 1+ offers content including English […]
SuperSport launches seventh HD channel on DStv
South African sports broadcaster SuperSport has added a seventh high definition channel to its line-up on Multichoice-owned satellite platform DStv. SSHD7, the HD version of SS7, will be available to all DStv Premium customers and is due to launch on Tuesday April 22. "There is no better way to watch sport than in high definition. […]
South Africa's SuperSport goes widescreen
Multichoice-owned SuperSport is switching its lineup of standard definition channels to the 16:9 aspect ratio, widescreen format. The South African channels, which air on the DStv satellite platform, will switch over to widescreen from February 4. Multichoice said that the switch will bring the channels "in line with international broadcasting trends and with other channels […]
DStv replaces ESPN with SuperSport 9
MultiChoice-owned South African pay TV provider DStv has added sports channel SuperSport 9 to its line-up to replace ESPN, which has ceased broadcasts outside the US. SuperSport 9 will feature a range of US sports previously carried on ESPN, including live college basketball as well as football and boing. It will also offer EFC Fight […]
South Africa's SuperSport to launch new channels
South Africa's SuperSport is to launch new HD sports channels on the DStv pay TV platform next week. From July 23 sports fans will be able to access the two new services, SuperSport 5HD and SuperSport 6HD. The broadcaster said the channels would enable it to increase its capacity to deliver live HD broadcasts. SuperSport […]
SuperSport launches football channel
African sports broadcaster SuperSport is launching a pan regional 24 hours football channel after winning a raft of international soccer rights. The broadcaster won the rights to the Euro 2012 Championships and the Africa Cup of Nations. SuperSport will launch the channel to air all 32 Africa Cup of Nations games live in high definition […]
SuperSport shells out for soccer rights
South African pay TV channel SuperSport has bought rights to games from South Africa's Premier Soccer League in a US$277 million (€192 million) deal. The five-year deal starts next year and values the rights significantly higher than in the previous five-year deal in which SuperSport paid US$200 million. The new agreement gives the pay TV […]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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C.D. Wright | Bloodaxe Books
C.D. Wright
C.D. Wright (1949-2016) published many books of poetry and prose, including two book-length poems, Deepstep Come Shining (1998) and Just Whistle (1993); Cooling Time (2005), a book comprised of poetry, memoir and essay; and One with Others (Copper Canyon Press, USA, 2010; Bloodaxe Books, UK, 2013), both a book-length poem and a work of investigative journalism.
Her first UK retrospective, Like Something Flying Backwards: New & Selected Poems (Bloodaxe Books, 2007), was expanded from Steal Away: Selected and New Poems (Copper Canyon Press, 2003), including a substantial number of the poems from her Griffin International Prize-winning collection Rising, Falling, Hovering (Copper Canyon Press, 2008). Her book of 'prosimetrical essays', The Poet, The Lion, Talking Pictures, El Farolito, A Wedding in St. Roch, The Big Box Store, The Warp in the Mirror, Spring, Midnights, Fire & All, was published by Copper Canyon a few days before her totally unexpected death in January 2016.
Her many honours included a Lannan Literary Award, a $500,000 MacArthur Fellowship and the $50,000 2009 Griffin International Poetry Prize for Rising, Falling, Hovering (Copper Canyon Press, 2008). She was a professor of English at Brown University, and edited Lost Roads Publishers for 30 years with her husband, poet Forrest Gander. She collaborated on many projects with photographer Deborah Luster, most recently One Big Self: Prisoners of Louisiana (2003/2007). She was State Poet of Rhode Island from 1995 to 1999.
Books by C.D. Wright
Like Something Flying Backwards
One with Others
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03third Creations is an artist management company based in Pietermaritzburg, owned and operated by Linda Lusi Khumalo and Nokwazi Nos Simelane. Founded in 2017.
03third Creations focuses on investing in the music and talented artists that create it. We provide artists with what they need to advance their careers and reach their full potential in a stress free environment.


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A 2020. évi nyári olimpiai játékokon a műugrás női szinkron 3 méteres versenyszámát július 25-én rendezték meg az Tokyo Aquatics Centreben.

A versenyszám aranyérmét a  és  kínai páros nyerte meg, míg az ezüstérem a kanadai Jennifer Abel és Melissa Citrini-Beaulieu kettős nyakába került. A harmadik helyen a német Lena Hentschel és Tina Punzel páros végzett.

Versenynaptár
Az időpont(ok) helyi idő szerint (UTC +09:00), zárójelben magyar idő szerint olvasható(ak).

Eredmény

Jegyzetek

Műugrás a 2020. évi nyári olimpiai játékokon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Scratch a lie, find a thief.
We may be unfamiliar with the ways of larcenous men, but let us not be distracted by the audacity of well-spoken lies. Let us not devote our energy to venting about the deception of smiling plutocrats. Let us pivot quickly to pursuits that transform our lives and the lives of millions. Let us devote our energy and our talents to creative justice-making.
No, not the justice-making "lite" of loud protests in the streets without long-term political strategies; not the justice-making show of self-congratulating MLK-Day breakfasts, nor the political hiring of just enough brown people for a nice photograph. And definitely not the justice-making nostalgia of ecumenical, multi-racial worship services, where we cross hands and sing three verses of "We Shall Overcome." These moments have their place. But surely our justice-making creativity goes beyond the convening of polite gatherings of socially conscious colleagues.
In this season of apparent defeat, as we see the deception, let us make an unapologetic pivot. Let us do MLK-deep justice-making where church leaders focus on justice as economic parity for all people, then leverage church wealth and property to lead the development of failed economies in inner cities. By faith-led revitalization initiatives in the poorest American neighborhoods, let us amplify the duplicity of billionaires who clamor for cutting taxes to spur investment while hoarding billions they refuse to invest now in rural and inner city America. Let us demonstrate by the ways churches deploy assets for mission, that accumulated wealth invested in poor people and communities can make America greater than it ever has been.
We church folk dismiss our complicity in evil systems. By our inaction, we are complicit in the political and economic status quo of our country and the world. We are broken in the ways we do church without caring about the impact we make (or do not make). We ignore the sin we commit when we fail to live up to God's calling. We have blood on our hands.
We church folk dismiss our complicity in evil systems.
But let us, in all of our brokenness, demonstrate like the biblical widow with the few coins, what we can do with the meager resources God has entrusted to us. In defiance of liars and thieves, let us invest the millions the church controls in economic justice, to leverage billions and trillions for social impact in the broader economy. Led by the Spirit of truth, let us live out Jesus' saying that when we are weak, then we are strong.
By our inaction, we are complicit in the political and economic status quo of our country and the world.


The Bible states that "every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind" was created by God on Day Six of the creation week (Genesis 1:25)—including dinosaurs. On this same day, the first man and woman were also created (Genesis 1:26-27). Over 1,600 years later, Genesis 8:15 records that a pair of each land-dwelling animal "wherein is the breath of life"—again including dinosaurs—were taken aboard an ark that would have held over 101,000 square feet of floor space. This ensured that a remnant would be preserved through the worldwide watery destruction that fossilized many pre-Flood dinosaurs.
The book of Job refers to a creature called behemoth. With a massive size and a tail like a cedar tree, its description matches that of a sauropod dinosaur. God calls it to Job's attention with the words "Behold now behemoth, which I made with thee" (Job 40:15). Thus, this statement affirms that both behemoth and man were made on the same day. Ezekiel, James, and Paul refer to the book of Job, authenticating its reliably historical testimony.
The fact that dinosaur femur soft tissues have been described as "still squishy" and contain recognizable blood cells also confirms the recency of dinosaur fossil deposition. Science continues to demonstrate that dinosaurs did not predate humans, and that dinosaur kinds did not go extinct (if they all have) until after the Flood, which occurred only thousands of years ago.


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Home Services Public Law Business and Human Rights
A true commitment to upholding and advancing human rights is now at the core of good business. It is now a norm - expected by consumers, regulators and the principles of "good governance" – that companies promote and protect human rights in all parts of their operations, both at home and in their international operations.
Our team of lawyers has many years of experience advising on human rights, corporate governance and investigations, organisational change and policy implementation.
Our lawyers frequently act for corporate clients and charities in the most complex and fraught situations, including cases involving public campaigns aimed at highlighting human rights abuses. We have considerable expertise in cases involving criminal allegations and regulatory breaches, or those connected with the recovery of property obtained through alleged criminal violations.
Our skilled team of lawyers brings in-depth experience from our public law, criminal litigation, regulatory, dispute resolution and employment teams. Our work includes:
Acting in an advisory capacity – in particular to government, public bodies, and institutions – assessing operational compliance with the Human Rights Act 1998;
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Advising on compliance with Modern Slavery legislation, best practice and emerging norms;
Advice on slavery and human trafficking statements;
Advising "whistleblowers" and organisations responding to whistleblower claims.
Our team is at the forefront of developments in Business and Human Rights, including foundation membership of the Business and Human Rights Practitioner Network, speaking alongside the Home Office and other business leaders to promote the Modern Slavery Act 2015 to the business community and public sector, and, most recently, partnering with academics to evaluate the suitability of investigative measures taken by businesses to eradicate slavery in supply chains.
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Criminal law is increasingly an international concept with cross-border implications. Knowing your rights and options is essential.
Our 'exceptional' team has over 25 years' experience, acting in the most significant public law cases.
Corporate crime is under the spotlight more now than ever before with an increasing appetite for corporate prosecutions.
Corporate clients require sophisticated and sensitive advice when they encounter internal crises which have the potential to escalate.
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Protecting our clients' reputation and maintaining control when they are the subject of media scrutiny is what we do.
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Business and Human Rights Insights
'World-leading' Modern Slavery Act 2015: review confirms more to be done
Corporate and individual accountability for international crimes: Kingsley Napley hosts second International Criminal Law Conference
Modern Slavery Act 2015: Under Review
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Briefs will always be in fashion - Katherine Tyler quoted in The Times
Blowing spies' legal cover? Reprieve threatens judicial review of alleged government misuse of the 'James Bond clause'
Guest blog: Corporate criminal liability under international law
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Guest blog: How to get the attention of the board on human rights
Business and Human Rights: Magnitsky clause now in force
Opaque, unpredictable, diminished? Parliamentary committee commentary suggests the human rights consequences of #Brexit withdrawal legislation "appear to be contrary to the Government's intent"
Legal update: Unlawful Discrimination in Personal Independence Payments
Legal Update: Revisiting trial in the absence of a defendant
Diplomatic and state immunity – landmark Supreme Court judgments
The Magnitsky Clause Part 2: Profiting from the suppression of those who seek to assert their human rights?
The Magnitsky Clause Part 1: Profiting from the suppression of whistleblowers – what does it mean for business?
Modern Slavery Act: Is your business ready?
The Modern Slavery Act 2015: What is it and how will it impact businesses?
International Criminal Law Conference 2019
FULLY BOOKED: London Launch of the Business and Human Rights Practitioners' Network and its inaugural event


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Coronavirus India lockdown day 236 live updates | Situation in Delhi "worrying"
The Hindu Net Desk
November 17, 2020 09:53 IST
The number of new coronavirus infections reported in a day dropped below 30,000 after four months.
A woman being tested for COVID in Delhi. | Photo Credit: Sushil Kumar Verma
India's COVID-19 caseload is currently 88.74 lakh, while the number of people who have recuperated from the disease surged to 82,90,370 according to the Union Health Ministry data updated on Tuesday.
The last time coronavirus cases dipped below 30,000 on July 15 when the country registered 29,429 cases.
You can track coronavirus cases, deaths and testing rates at the national and State levels here. A list of State Helpline numbers is available as well.
Here are the updates:
Dr. V.K Paul and Rajesh Bhushan list measures to curb COVID-19 in Delhi.
In June-July, a mobile App was created by the Delhi government to provide information on beds available in various hospitals. The Central government also advised the State government to put up LED boards at all the hospitals providing information on bed availability, which is being implemented.
A house-to-house survey beyond containment areas will be conducted in Delhi. About 8,000 teams will be involved to conduct the survey, for identification, isolation of cases, trace contacts and provide necessary assistance, to break the chain of transmission.
The support system for in-house care will be ramped up to cover about 35,000 to 40,000 cases.
Any proposal about lockdown in view of the increasing cases in any area of Delhi will be discussed by appropriate authorities in the State and at the Centre.
There is also an immediate plan to activate about 5,000 beds at the Radha Swamy Beas facility in Delhi's Chhattarpur.
Situation in Delhi "worrying"
NITI Aayog Member (Health) Dr. V.K. Paul terms the situation in Delhi as "worrying."
On November 15, a high-level meeting chaired by Union Home Minister was held. The Delhi Lieutenant-Governor and Chief Minister, besides senior officials, were also present. The situation in Delhi was reviewed and important decisions were taken, he says.
Testing has to be doubled, about 57,000 tests were being conducted per day on an average, the existing capacity will be used to increase the tests. In all, 10 mobile test laboratories are being arranged.
He urges people, particularly elders, to stay indoors. Anyone having any symptom should get the test conducted immediately.
Per positive person, about 16 contacts are traced in Delhi. The persons who came in contact with any infected person should get quarantined on their own to prevent further spread.
'Centre keeping close watch on Delhi'
Union Home Ministry, under the leadership of Amit Shah, has kept a close watch on the situation in Delhi and taken proactive measures, says Health Secretary Rajesh Bhushan.
In the last one week, about 90 deaths have been reported per day in Delhi, which is a matter of concern.
Several decisions have been taken in this regard: increase in overall beds, including ICU beds, double testing to 1 to 1.2 lakh per day, right mix of RTPCR and Antigen tests, strengthen and augment home care support, mobilise doctors/nurses, enforce quarantine of contacts, enforce containment zones SOPs, ensure Covid appropriate behaviour.
India's recovery rate now more than 93%
In his weekly COVID-19 update, Health Secretary Rajesh Bhushan, says: "Recovered cases have crossed 82.90 lakh, the recovery rate is now more than 93%, average 46,701 cases recovered daily in the last week."
Average 40,365 new cases were reported daily in the last week, more than 12.65 crore tests conducted so far, the cumulative positivity rate is 7.01% and the daily positivity rate in the last week is 4.1%
Cases per million population is among the lowest in the world. Against the world average of 6,956, it is 6,430 in India.
Kejriwal proposes scaling down crowd in gatherings to 50
With Dehi seeing increase in COVID-19 cases, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal said he has proposed to reduce the number of people attending wedding-like gatherings to 50. "I have sent this proposal for approval to LG Anil Baijal," he said at a press meet.
He also proposed to impose lockdown at markets where COVID precautions are not followed. - Jatin Anand
Colleges reopen in Karnataka with very thin attendance
Students attending classes at the Maharani Women's Arts, Commerce and Management college, on the day one of the colleges reopen, in Bengaluru on November 17, 2020. | Photo Credit: K. Murali Kumar
After being closed for eight months, degree colleges in Karnataka reopened on Tuesday amidst several precautionary measures during the pandemic.
Students of many colleges were however unable to attend classes as many of them who had given swabs for COVID 19 testing did not get their results. To attend classes, students and staff are required to produce a COVID negative certificate.
T.M. Manjunath, president, Karnataka Government College Teachers' Association said that classes were held only for final year students. He said that majority of the colleges reported low attendance. Mr Manjunath said that only around 10 to 20 percent of the students opted to attend these classes. - Tanu Kulkarni
Gurugram reserves 75% ICU beds for COVID-19
The Gurugram administration on Monday ordered reservation of 50% beds in general category and 75% beds in ICU/Ventilator category in public and private hospitals for COVID-19 patients in view of the sudden spike in infections.
The number of beds available under the general category and ICU/ventilator category is expected to increase by around 800 and 300, respectively.
As of now, 2,100 beds are reserved in various Gurugram hospitals, including 1,649 beds for isolation.
The total reserved ICU beds and ventilators are 312 and 139, respectively. Of these, 1,001 isolation beds, 119 ICU beds and 63 ventilators are unoccupied.
JNU begins phased entry of students
Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) on Monday started welcoming back its final-year PhD research scholars who were residing in the hostels before the lockdown as part of its phased reopening process.
The entry has been allowed for those students in particular who need to access laboratories and submit their PhD thesis on or before December 31 or June 30, the university said.
Dean of Students Sudheer Pratap Singh, said that upon arrival, the students will need to fill up and submit a self-declaration form available with the JNU security and get a pass issued for their entry into the closed campus.
No lockdown, peak of third wave over: Jain
Delhi Health Minister Satyendar Jain on Monday said the government will not impose any lockdown in the city because of the COVID-19 situation. He also said that the peak of third wave of the infection had passed and positivity of cases would slowly come down.
The Minister said the "lowest positivity" is among healthcare workers of COVID-19 hospitals because they are "taking measures for protection". "The people who are in the most dangerous condition have the lowest positivity because they are protecting themselves. So, protection is sufficient," Mr. Jain said.
A total of 2,324 healthcare workers in Delhi have been infected by COVID-19 and 75 of them have died till October, according to a report prepared by the National Centre for Disease Control under the Central government.
Printable version | Jan 21, 2021 8:48:23 AM | https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coronavirus-india-lockdown-november-17-2020-live-updates/article33112720.ece


LOCATION, LOCATION, LOCATION!! This property is located on corner lot featuring 5 bedrooms & 2 full baths. Nestled on a quiet street in the heart of Falls Church. Minutes away from I-495, Route 50, schools & Tyson's Corner. Kitchen w/new granite counter tops & breakfast bar. Hardwood floor & fresh paint throughout. New windows. Front porch, mud room & storage shed. As-is since seller have moved to Florida. COME SEE TODAY!!
Listing courtesy of Cardinal Realty Partners, LLC.. Selling Office: .


These are pretty long... I am 5'6" and even with heels these are still too long. That being said, they fit well and have lovely stretch. I sized down one size.
I loved these! They are so comfortable! They were a little long, even with heels, so I had to have them altered.
I absolutely love these jeans! I have a ton of jeans and these are by far my most favourite pair! I love the fit and am amazed at how comfortable they are!


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Home » Hunter's Point Park Heralds New Era for Queens Waterfront
Architecture News
Hunter's Point Park Heralds New Era for Queens Waterfront
Hunter's Point South Waterfront Park
Thomas Balsley Associates
Weiss/Manfredi
Photo © Albert Večerka/Esto
Fred A. Bernstein
The 30-acre swath of Queens known as Hunter's Point South, where the East River meets Newtown Creek, has shed its identity crisis. The property was once slated to become part of Queens West, a vast New York State–sponsored mixed-use development; later, it was the proposed site of the Morphosis-designed athletes' village for the 2012 Olympics bid.
Then in 2009, the city bought the parcel for $100 million and pledged to fill much of it with middle-income housing. Ground has now been broken for two large apartment buildings, designed by SHoP and Ismael Leyva Architects; together, they will contain 925 "permanently affordable" units.
But the big news is that a 5-acre section of a planned 11-acre park, which will serve as the front lawn for the development (as well as athletic fields for a new FXFOWLE-designed intermediate and high school), has just been completed. "The park got built first, not whittled away by developer interests," says Michael Manfredi, whose firm, Weiss/Manfredi, teamed with Thomas Balsley Associates on the design of the park. Arup served as prime consultant and infrastructure designer. And superstorm Sandy didn't throw construction off schedule, which bodes well for the new park's future. "There was nothing fragile or precious enough to be damaged," says Balsley of Sandy's impact, adding that he chose "native plantings that could take a brief bath without consequences."
The park's centerpiece, a 1.25-acre green oval, is one of New York's grandest new public spaces, on an axis with a Deco-era ventilation building for the Queens-Midtown Tunnel, a few hundred feet to the east, and the Empire State Building, just over a mile to the west, across the East River. Swooping around the south side of the oval is a large, bright-white pavilion containing restrooms, maintenance facilities, and (soon to come) a café. Its jaunty, pleated-steel roof reaches toward the sky on angled lally columns. (In its sweep, the building is reminiscent of Weiss/Manfredi's Brooklyn Botanic Garden visitor center, completed in 2012.)
A dog run on the north side of the oval features a canopy that echoes the larger pavilion. Other park features include a garden built over old railroad tracks, continuing a theme in which new landscapes incorporate industrial castoffs, a move employed by Balsley when he began designing neighboring Gantry Plaza State Park in the 1990s. Another six acres of parkland (and some 4,000 apartments) remain to be built, but already Hunter's Point South is a promising addition to New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's legacy.
Recent Articles by Fred A. Bernstein
Taipei Music Center by Reiser+Umemoto
Commentary: HouseZero Data Is Both "Positively Promising" and Reveals "An Opportunity to Make Improvements"
Fred Bernstein, a RECORD contributing editor, studied architecture at Princeton and law at NYU and writes about both subjects. He has published articles about embodied energy—a significant component of the climate crisis—in Oculus and the Architect's Newspaper, among other publications.
Old Debates for a New Era at Postmodernism Conference
New Exhibition Identifies Starting Point for Architects
A Sagrada Familia Exhibition Opens at CCNY: Gaudi Isn't the Focus, and That's the Point


The heart of creativity is not in its grand spurts of brilliance, but in the tenacity of its sustainability over time.
This is important because burn out happens. And when it does, we need to remember that not doing anything for stretches of time is part of rejuvenating our creative center. Sometimes other things take precedence that have nothing to do with our creative lives. Which is perfect. Because the food for creativity is living, not producing.<- click to tweet. Producing is what digests the creative food. But if we don't occasionally step back into quiet, we'll become depleted. So there's a balance to be found - a balance between creating and rejuvenating.
Our work becomes more meaningful, deeper, and more vulnerable if we let our lives' experiences infuse our creative tea. The edges become softer. Wisdom is present in the work. Whether we're writing, potting, painting, teaching, or building, doing so from a place of peace and relaxation always beats forcing it during a period of depletion. It took me years to learn this. I thought creativity was about what I was producing, not about what I was living. I am here to tell you this was a mistake. Our creativity comes from living. It's what make our creativity sustainable.
This is nowhere more important than when we want our creativity to sustain us financially. As creative entrepreneurs, we rely on the health of our bodies and souls to pay the bills. This is an intricate balance of all that is good, and our work becomes our joy becomes our sustenance. So it's very important to remember that being true to our craft means taking care of ourselves and our creative needs.


Venosan Supportline mens 18-22 mmHg Knee High support socks feature a classic ribbed style that is perfect for dress or casual wear. Venosan support socks help to prevent and relieve varicose veins and mild edoema while providing relief from aching and tired legs. The men's Supportline is ideal to help relieve discomfort from long periods of standing or sitting.


These two groups spotted each other between schedules in Los Angeles. After seeing one another across the terminal at LAX, the group members pointed to what fans suspect was a group chat between the two male idol groups. Fans of each group were extremely excited to see this rare interaction!
This lovely photo of Girls' Generation YoonA squishing the cheeks of Red Velvet's Yeri is a perfect visual representation of Girls' Generation's relationship with Red Velvet. Serious big sister treatment ensues!
Nothing shows brotherly love and close friendship like laying on each other after a long day of competing against your friends and friendly competitors! Youngjae of GOT7 and BTS Taehyung snuggled up on the floor of the ISAC arena and gave fans a photo to die for.
We didn't know we wanted this photo crossover until now! Nu'est JR and NCT Taeyong make quite the visual duo in their cute VLIVE x Dispatch released selfies. The cat look suits them both!
This gorgeous photo of CLC and Dreamcatcher is another photo that we didn't know we wanted until now! Somehow, the girls of both groups managed to fit into a red and black theme and give us a series of dramatic photos. We're in awe of the two group's stunning looks and charisma.
BTOB and MAMAMOO are two groups that are bursting with personality! This particular image of the two groups perfectly showcases the intersection where those two intense larger-than-life characteristics meet. We'd love to see a variety show or special stage with them both participating!
Many refer to this moment as the girl group photograph of the century. Often times, fans pit BLACK PINK and Red Velvet against each other based off overall popularity, however, moments captured like these show us that it's not always a competition and that two amazingly talented groups can coexist in one industry (and be good friends while they're at it)!


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Home / About / Founder
Tribute to Sir Zelman Cowen
Archive of Past Initiatives
Workshop Event
30th Anniversary Issue
30th Anniversary Supplement
ADI Report 2001
Research Articles & Conference Presentations
20 March 2007 - Cystic Fibrosis & Asthma
22 September 2005 - Alzheimer's
Academic & Student Exchange Fellowships
Hebrew University Medical Elective Term Fellowships
Download Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School Elective Term Information (PDF)
Download Report from previous participant in Hadassah Medical School Elective Term
Leslie Rich Scholarship
About the Scholarship
Inaugural Awardee
Early Career Investigators Award
Nominations - 2019 Fund Prize
Award Announcements 2006-2017
Award Event 2015
Award Event Archive 2006-2014
AD Grants
About The AD Grants
AD Research Grant
Novel Approaches to AD Therapy Grant
Novel Approaches to Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease Grant Award Announcement
Blue Sky Research Grant
Award Event - Nov 2011
Mr Michael Dunkel
Prof David Celermajer
Mr Robert Simons
Prof Jonathan Stone
MR JOHN HAMMOND
The late John Hammond, a Sydney businessman, established the Fund in 1978 to raise funds for medical & scientific research and to lay the foundation for cooperative work between the University of Sydney and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem for the benefit of both institutions. All grants made by the Fund are disbursed to the University of Sydney for projects nominated by the Fund's Trustees at both Universities.
In recognition of his tireless fund-raising efforts, Mr Hammond was presented with an Honorary Fellowship by the Hebrew University in 1981 and an Honorary Doctorate in 1991. He was made an Honorary Fellow of the University of Sydney in 1993 and was appointed Honorary Life President of the NSW Friends of the Hebrew University in 1980 in honour of his work for that organisation.
It was Mr. Hammond's view, and part of his vision for the Fund, that the development of therapies for still-intractable diseases required fundamental research. Projects supported by the Fund, both directly and through the Medical Foundation of the University of Sydney, have reflected this view.
Mr Hammond remained a Trustee of the Fund until shortly before his death in 1997 and was also a most generous benefactor of the Fund. The work of the Fund continues as an ongoing memorial to the man who inspired it.
Footnote to a Life
In addition to Mr Hammond's business and philanthropic achievements, he was also co-editor and publisher of what some have termed " the finest chess book they have ever come across". The book titled, C J S Purdy: His Life, His Games, and His Writings was later republished in the US under the title, The Search for Chess Perfection.
American publisher of chess books, Bob Long, recently set up a new chess magazine, Squares, and featured an article about Mr Hammond and his book in the first edition.
Read the article which is reproduced with the kind permission of Squares editor, Bob Long.
© 2016 Sir Zelman Cowen Universities Fund. Phone +61 2 9351 6558
Authorised by: Yifat Oron, Sir Zelman Cowen Universities Fund
Last updated: 02-Feb-20182016


RSS Guard latest version 3.5.5 is released. It is very useful website for those who are eager to get updates from various websites. RSS Guard is very easy to use and light weight. RSS Guard supports RSS, Atom and RDF standards and you can add news and feeds from any website.
RSS Guard is very easy to download and install. Download the setup file from the download link given below. It will take few minutes to complete the installation. After installation, you can run the application and start to get feeds or news updates from your favorite website.
The top menu of RSS Guard contains various items. From the menu "Feeds & categories", you can add the URL from where you want to get feeds. It is very simple and easy to add new websites using the rss or feed address (URL) of that website.
For example, you want to add the feeds of PCFavour, click on "Feeds & categories" from top menu. Now click on "Add new feed/category" and then from extended menu, select "New feed". Keep all as default and enter the Title for your feed. You can add website title here. In "Description" space, you can add some words about the website or feeds you are adding. Otherwise, when you click on "Fetch it now" button, it will add the Title and Description from the website automatically.
In URL space, enter the URL of the Feed. Remember that, it will not work if you enter the website URL. Only enter the feed address. The format of the feed address varies for different websites. For example, if the website is attached with FeedBurner, then the address will be, in case PCFavour, http://feeds.feedburner.com/pcfavour. For some websites, it may be as http://www.example.com/feed. You can get the Feed address of any website from the home page of that website.


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Q: XMPP: how to request server for presence status of a user's contacts? We have a site and we developed a chat system for it using strophe.js library and ejabberd XMPP server. We use session attachment that was initiated with PHP (using an in-house library). What we do is get the RID and SID from the PHP script, then use strophe's session attachment. The said RID and SID is stored on a cookie and the RID value on the cookie is updated every update of the RID on strophe.js.
This works fine, after logging in we receive the presence status of each of our contacts.  The problem with this is, when you go to another page on the site, and attach using the said RID (we use the incremented value produced by strophe) and SID, the server wouldn't send presence information of your contacts anymore as opposed to when you logged in. This caused our contacts area to appear all invisible even though they are online.  They would only appear online if you (or your contact) log out on the chat, then log in again (since you will receive a presence update from the XMPP server).
I have written a workaround where the presence status of your contacts is saved on a cookie (all online contacts will have their JIDs saved on the cookie) when a presence is received from the server. This is checked every page load, if the cookie is set, it will be read, and all JIDs on the cookie will be marked as online. This is working fine but there might be some better ways to solve this, using XMPP's default behaviors.

A: XMPP servers send presence probes to all your contacts on your behalf when you send your own initial presence to the server. From then on, you will only receive presence status changes from your contacts.
If you lose the presence state of your contacts, you will need to send your own presence probes to re-establish that state.  However, this is probably not something you want to do a lot, and passing around the presence state is probably preferred in most cases.
You could try passing the state via XMPP. For example, you could use Private XML Storage (XEP-0049), Pubsub (XEP-0060), or PEP (XEP-0163).
Another option instead of cookies for passing it client side is to use an HTML5 SharedWorker object to hold the state.

A: I shudder to think of the scale properties associated with storing all of the presence you just received from the server back to the server in private storage.  Private storage almost always is backed to long-term storage rather than stored in memory, so you're going to grind your server's disk to dust.
If you want to store more state in the browser, and insulate yourself from browser version, and you're already using jQuery, then jStore is pretty sweet.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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2022 Virtual Symposium on Advances in Device Concepts and Applications
IMG - 2022 Virtual Symposium on Advances in Device Concepts and Applications
Schedule Speakers
Session I: Tuesday - March 22, 2022
Opening Plenary Session
Moderator: Burhan Saifaddin
15:40 - 15:55 Muhammad Al-Saggaf Opening Ceremony
15:55 - 16:00 Feras Al-Dirini Program Overview, On Behalf of the Symposium Committee
16:00 - 16:50 Supriyo Datta p-Bit: Between a Bit and a Qubit
17:00 - 17:50 Mohammed Gondal Advanced Functional Materials Using Green Synthesis (PLAL) Technique and Their Applications in Energy Harvesting, Energy Storage and Photonic Devices
Break (Maghrib Prayer)
Emerging Technologies I: Nanoelectronics and Spintronics
Moderator: Feras Al-Dirini
18:30 - 19:20 Sayeef Salahuddin Ultrathin Ferroelectricity and Its Application in Advanced Logic and Memory Devices
Break (Isha Prayer)
20:00 - 20:50 Kerem Camsari Massively Parallel Probabilistic Computing: A Device to System Roadmap
21:00 - 21:30 Feras Al-Dirini Probabilistic Autonomous Sensing Using p-Bits: Towards Intelligence in Data Acquisition
21:30 - 22:00 Adel Abbout Quantum Anoumalous Hall Effect and Anderson Chern Insulating Regime in Noncollinear Antiferromagnetic 3Q state
Session II: Wednesday - March 23, 2022
Emerging Technologies II: Photonics, Phononics and Optoelectronics
Moderator: Khaled Gasmi
16:00 - 16:50 Xiaohang Li The 4th Wave: Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors
17:00 - 17:50 Zayd Leseman Phononic Crystals: Experimental Investigations into RF Acoustic Components and Reduction of Thermal Conductivity
18:30 - 19:20 Steven DenBaars GaN Based Materials and Devices for UV to Visible Photonics
Disruptive Technologies I: New Device Concepts
20:00 - 20:50 Umesh Mishra GaN: Driving Next Generation RF and Power Conversion Applications
21:00 - 21:50 Elaheh Ahmadi (Ultra)Wide Bandgap Materials and Devices for Communication and Sustainability
Session III: Tursday - March 24, 2022
Non-Conventional Platforms: Flexible, Conformable and Wearable Devices
Moderator: Jhonathan Rojas
III.1
16:00 - 16:50 Boon Ooi Heterogeneous Integration of Semiconductor Materials and Devices on Unconventional Substrates
17:00 - 17:50 Sheng Xu Plenty of Room Under the Skin: A Wearable's Perspective
18:30 - 19:00 Jhonathan Rojas Stretching the Boundaries of Inorganic Materials
19:00 - 19:30 Abdallah A. AlShehri FracBots: Tiny Wireless Sensors in Oil & Gas Reservoir
Disruptive Technologies II: New Device Concepts
20:00 - 20:30 Michael Vogl Materials at the Intersection Between Floquet-engineering and Twistronics
20:30 - 21:00 Saleem Rao Quantum Computing and Superconducting LC Circuit Based Qubits
21:00 - 21:00 Burhan Saifaddin Closing Remarks, On Behalf of The Symposium Committee
Prof. Supriyo Datta
Thomas Duncan Distinguished Professor
Supriyo Datta received his B.Tech. from the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur, India in 1975, his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1979 and joined Purdue in 1981. At Purdue he has received the McCoy award for his contributions to science and has been inducted into the Book of Great Teachers. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering for his contributions to quantum transport modeling in nanoscale electronic devices. He is also known for his contributions to molecular electronics and spin electronics and received the Procter Prize from Sigma Xi. In 2012 he was elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) for quantum transport modeling in nanoscale electronic devices. In 2011 he received the William Procter Prize for Scientific Achievement. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) as well as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and has received two IEEE technical field awards: the 2002 IEEE Cledo Brunetti Award , and the 2008 IEEE Leon Kirchmayer Award.
p-Bit: Between a bit and a qubit
Prof. Mohammad A. Gondal
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)
Mohammed Ashraf Gondal is a Distinguished Professor at Physics Department, Coordinator of Laser Research Group at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), Senior Research Fellow of K. A. CARE and Visiting World Class Professor (MOE Indonesia). He received the PhD degree in Applied Physics from University of Bonn (Germany) in 1983. He worked on many collaborative research projects with scientists from world renowned universities including MIT, Free University Berlin, Heidelberg University Germany, Nanjing University China and NUS Singapore. His research interests are in the areas of nanotechnology, photonics, quantum optics, materials science energy harvesting (third generation solar cells), energy storage (super capacitors), applied/chemical physics, sensors, laser remote sensing (LIDAR), environmental pollution monitoring, development of laser based analytical techniques (PAS, LIBS, LEI), wetting & non wetting surfaces for oil water separation & self-cleaning applications, synthesis of nano-composites and quantum dots using novel Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids Technique (PLAL) as well wet chemical methods and their novel applications in corrosion inhibition, petrochemicals, photo-catalysis for production of high value hydrocarbons (CO¬¬¬2 utilization) & hydrogen production by water splitting, removal of organic pollutants as well water disinfection of bacteria and pathogens. In addition to cutting edge applied research, he is working on design and fabrication of lasers as well laser induced atomic and molecular spectroscopy as a fundamental research for understanding of dynamics of atoms and molecules. Dr. Gondal has published over 552 research papers in international journals & conferences, a book as well many book chapters, 30 US patents, H-index 52, over 10050 citations. He is a member of numerous international journal's editorial boards and winner of many national and international awards including prestigious Al-Marai Scientific Innovation Prize.
Advanced Functional Materials Using Green Synthesis (PLAL) Technique and Their Applications in Energy Harvesting, Energy Storage and Photonic Devices
Prof. Sayeef Salahuddin
TSMC Distinguished Professor
Sayeef Salahuddin is the TSMC Distinguished Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California Berkeley. Salahuddin received his B.Sc. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from BUET (Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology) in 2003 and PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Purdue University in 2007. He joined the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at University of California, Berkeley in 2008. Salahuddin is a fellow of the IEEE and the APS. Salahuddin is a co-director of the Berkeley Device Modeling Center and Berkeley Center for Negative Capacitance Transistors. He served on the editorial board of IEEE Electron Devices Letters (2013-16) and was the chair the IEEE Electron Devices Society committee on Nanotechnology (2014-16). Salahuddin has received the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the highest honor bestowed by the US Government on early career scientist and engineers. Salahuddin also received a number of other awards including the NSF CAREER award, the IEEE Nanotechnology Early Career Award, the Young Investigator Awards from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) and the Army Research Office (ARO) and best paper awards from IEEE Transactions on VLSI Systems and from the VLSI-TSA conference. In 2012, Applied Physics Letters (APL) highlighted two of his papers among 50 most notable papers among all areas published in APL within 2009-2012. Salahuddin also received the George E Smith Award from the IEEE Electron Devices Society.
Ultrathin Ferroelectricity and Its Application in Advanced Logic and Memory Devices
Dr. Kerem Çamsarı
University of California – Santa Barbara
Kerem Çamsarı received his PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Purdue University in 2015, where he continued on as a post-doctoral researcher between 2015 and 2020 before joining the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in UC Santa Barbara in 2020. He served on the technical program committee for Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference (DATE) in 2020, 2021, 2022 and the IEEE Conference on Rebooting Computing (ICRC) 2020, 2021. He is a founding member of the Technical Committee on Quantum, Neuromorphic and Unconventional Computing within the IEEE Nanotechnology Council where he leads the unconventional computing section. He has received the IEEE Magnetics Society Early Career Award and an Office of Naval Research Young Investigator Award for his work on probabilistic computing. He is a senior member of the IEEE.
Massively Parallel Probabilistic Computing: A Device to System Roadmap
Dr. Feras Al-Dirini
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)
Dr. Feras Al-Dirini joined the Electrical Engineering Department at KFUPM in September 2017, as an Assistant Professor, coming from the University of Melbourne in Australia, where he was working in the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department since 2015. Dr. Al-Dirini completed the PhD degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering at The University of Melbourne - Australia in 2015 and the B.Sc. degree in Electronics Engineering at Princess Sumaya University for Technology - Jordan, with the highest honors, in 2011. In 2009 and 2010, he was an exchange student at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign - USA, and in the summer of 2009, he was a Research Intern with the Institute for Microsystems Technology, Technical University of Hamburg-Harburg - Germany. His research interests are in the fields of Nano electronics and Nanotechnology, within which he has published 15 peer-reviewed journal articles and 12 conference papers, including an invited paper. Dr. Al-Dirini was a recipient of the Australian Postgraduate Award and the National ICT Australia Ph.D. Top-Up Scholarship from 2011 to 2015. He is a member of the IEEE and a member of the Australian Nanotechnology Network.
Probabilistic Autonomous Sensing Using p-Bits: Towards Intelligence in Data Acquisition
Dr. Adel Abbout
After an Msc in theoretical physics at the Ecole Normale Superieure (Paris) Dr. Adel Abbout got his Phd in condensed matter theory from the Pierre and Marie Curie university in 2012. He then moved to university of Caen for a short postdoc on thermoelectric transport in mesoscopic systems. In 2015, he joined the spintronic group at Kaust where he worked on different topics such as topological insulators, magnetization dynamics, topological superconductors, spin torque, twisted bilayer graphene an random matrix theory. He joined the department of physics at KFUPM in 2019.
Quantum Anoumalous Hall Effect and Anderson Chern Insulating Regime in Noncollinear Antiferromagnetic 3Q state
Dr. Xiaohang Li
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Xiaohang Li obtained Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology where he received the Institute's highest graduate student honor, the Edison Prize. Afterwards he joined KAUST and is now an Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Applied Physics. His research focuses on growth, materials, physics, and devices of wide and ultrawide bandgap semiconductors for next-generation photonics and electronics. He has been a pioneer of several research areas including UVC lasers and boron nitride alloys. He has authored 100 journal and 130 conference publications. He has given 100 invited talks, seminars, and tutorials. He has 30 issued and pending patents. His team has developed the Polarization Toolbox software used by researchers from over 70 universities and companies. He is the recipient of several prestigious awards including the Harold M. Manasevit Young Investigator Award from the American Association for Crystal Growth, the SPIE D. J. Lovell Scholarship, and the IEEE Photonics Graduate Student Fellowship. He has served as an Associate Editor of Photonics Research, an editorial board member of Journal of Semiconductors, and a committee member of several top conferences including IWN, EMC, ICMAT.
The 4th Wave: Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors
Dr. Zayd C. Leseman
Zayd C. Leseman is a faculty member of the Mechanical Engineering Department at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals and a Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He has more than 20 years of experience in research at the micro/nanoscale. Specifically, ZL's research focuses on understanding the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of nanostructured materials by integrating experimental and computational techniques. Through manipulation of their structure-property relationships, he is able to create disruptive nanomaterials for the energy, semiconductor, and defense sectors. As a result of his cutting-edge research he produces high impact publications, licensed technologies, startup companies, and partnerships with businesses to develop novel nanomaterial characterization methods.
Phononic Crystals: Experimental Investigations into RF Acoustic Components and Reduction of Thermal Conductivity
Prof. Steven P. DenBaars
Mitsubishi Distinguished Professor
Steven P. DenBaars is a material scientist, electrical engineer, and academic. He is a Professor of Materials and Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Executive Director of the Solid State Lighting and Energy Electronics Center at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Prof. DenBaars is a fellow of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the National Academy of Inventors (NAI) for contributions to gallium nitride-based materials and devices for solid-state lighting, lasers, and displays. He was also selected as an IEEE Fellow, and recipient of the IEEE Aron Kressel Award. He received his Bachelors of Science in the field of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Arizona, graduating with the university's highest distinction and as the Valedictorian of his class. He completed his Masters in Science with Honors in the field of Materials Science in 1986 and in 1988 received his PhD in Electrical Engineering, after which he joined the Hewlett-Packard Optoelectronics Division as a member of the technical staff. He joined the University of California, Santa Barbara faculty in 1991. He was the recipient of the NSF Young Investigator Award in 1994 and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Fellow Award in 2005, Viiterbi Award, USC Distinguished Alumni Award. He has 70+ patents filed and 800+ publications and has been cited more than 85,000 times.
GaN Based Materials and Devices for UV to Visible Photonics
Prof. Umesh Mishra
Donald W. Whittier Distinguished Professor
Umesh K. Mishra is a professor in the Electrical & Computer Engineering Department at the University of California, Santa Barbara (1990–Present). He is the CTO, co-founder and board member of Transphorm, founded in 2007. Mishra's company Transphorm was selected by the World Economic Forum as a 2013 Technology Pioneer for its innovations in GaN technology, the solutions from which can cut total world electrical energy waste by up to 10 percent. Prof. Mishra is a fellow of the National Academy of Engineering (NAE) and the National Academy of Inventors (NAI) for contributions to the development of gallium nitride electronics and high-speed, high-power semiconductor electronic devices. He is also a fellow of IEEE and a recipient of both the IEEE David Sarnoff Award and the ISCS Quantum Device Award. Mishra earned a B.Tech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, India in 1979. He went on earn his M.S. in Electrical Engineering at Lehigh University in 1981 and Ph.D. at Cornell University in 1984 and served as a principal staff engineer at General Electric. Prof. Mishra has over 1,000 publications and ranks among the top 1% on the most highly cited researchers in the world and an h-index of 125. He has 70+ patents filed and 800+ publications and has been cited more than 69,000 times.
GaN: Driving Next Generation RF and Power Conversion Applications
Dr. Elaheh Ahmadi
Elaheh Ahmadi received her BS and MS degrees both from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran in 2008 and 2010 respectively. She then moved to USA and joined Prof. Mishra's group at UC Santa Barbara in 2010, where she worked on epitaxial growth and characterization of GaN-based electronic devices. After earning her PhD degree in 2015, she started her postdoctoral research in Prof. James Speck's group working on epitaxial growth and characterization of Ga2O3 devices. She joined the University of Michigan as an Assistant Professor in Jan 2018. She received AFOSR YIP and ONR YIP awards in 2020 and NSF CAREER award and DARPA Young Faculty Award in 2021. Her research interests are Epitaxial growth and characterization of III-N and Oxide semiconductors for electronic, optoelectronic, and MEMs applications. Design, fabrication and characterization of novel (ultra)wide bandgap devices for high power and high frequency applications.
(Ultra)Wide Bandgap Materials and Devices for Communication and Sustainability
Session III: Thursday - March 24, 2022
Non-Conventional Platforms: Flexible, Wearable and Conformable Devices
Prof. Boon S. Ooi
Boon S. Ooi is currently a Professor of electrical and computer engineering at KAUST. His research interests include wide bandgap optoelectronics and optical communications. To date, he has published more than 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences. He has given over 70 invited tutorials or keynote talks in internationals conferences such as OFC, CLEO, Photonics West, ACP, and IPC. He is an inventor or co-inventor of more than 60 issued or pending U.S. and international patents.,Prof. Ooi is an active participant in the technical community. He has served on the organizing committees, including as the Organizing Chair, for many IEEE, OSA, SPIE, and MRS conferences. He has served on the Editorial Board of IEEE Photonics Journal and Optics Express as a Senior Editor or an Associate Editor. He has also served as a Guest Editor or a Lead Guess Editor for the Special Issue of IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics and Optics Express. He is a fellow of the U.S. National Academy of Inventors (NAI), OSA, SPIE, and IoP.
Heterogeneous Integration of Semiconductor Materials and Devices on Unconventional Substrates
Dr. Sheng Xu
Dr. Sheng Xu is currently an associate professor at the University of California San Diego. He received his B.S. in Chemistry from Peking University and Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology, followed by postdoctoral studies in the Materials Research Lab at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His group is interested in developing new materials and fabrication strategies for flexible energy harvesting and health monitoring devices. His research has been presented to the U.S. Congress as a testimony of NIH's extramural research. He has been recognized by many awards, including MIT Technology Review 35 Innovators Under 35, Wellcome Trust Innovator, Sloan Fellowship, IEEE Sensors Council Technical Achievement Award, SPIE Rising Researchers, NIH Maximizing Investigators' Research Award, NIH Trailblazer Award, ETH Zurich Materials Research Prize for Young Investigators, and MRS Outstanding Early Career Investigator. He is a Kavli Fellow of National Academy of Sciences and a Frontier of Engineering of National Academy of Engineering.
Plenty of Room Under the Skin: A Wearable's Perspective
Dr. Jhonathan Prieto Rojas
Jhonathan Rojas received his bachelor degree in electronics engineering from the National University of Colombia in 2009, including an exchange year at the Technology University of Munich (TUM) as recipient of the DAAD young engineers scholarship. He then joined King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in 2009,where he received the KAUST Graduate Fellowship and Provost Award. He completed his master's degree and PhD degree from KAUST in electrical engineering in 2010 and 2014, respectively. Dr. Rojas joined King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) as Assistant Professor in the Electrical Engineering Department from Fall 2015. His research interest includes novel micro- and nanofabrication techniques for energy harvesting and flexible/stretchable/wearable electronics, as well as design, development and characterization of novel structures for diverse applications.
Stretching the Boundaries of Inorganic Materials
Dr. Abdallah Alshehri
Petroleum Engineering Specialist
Abdallah Alshehri is a petroleum engineering specialist at Saudi Aramco Advanced Research Center (EXPEC ARC) participating in industry-leading research on reservoir monitoring & surveillance. He received the Ph.D. degree from Georgia Institute of Technology, USA in 2018. Currently, He is an expert in reservoir monitoring and surveillance that capitalize on 4th Industrial revolution (4IR) technologies and Artificial Intelligent (AI) technologies. He is the leader of Deep Diagnostic team with Reservoir Engineering Technology Division under EXPEC Advanced Research Center, Saudi Aramco. The function of his team is to create innovative technologies to improve reservoir description and evaluation for better reserves assessment and well placement as well as to enhanced monitoring and surveillance to ultimately improve recovery. His research interests include wireless underground sensor networks, in-suite sensing methodologies and applications for oil and gas reservoir monitoring and surveillance.
FracBots: Tiny Wireless Sensors in Oil & Gas Reservoir
Dr. Michael Vogl
Michael Vogl is a theoretical physicist working as Assistant Professor at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). Before KFUPM he received his PhD in May 2020 from the University of Texas at Austin under the supervision of Gregory A. Fiete. He received his Master's in January 2014 under the supervision of Oleg Pankratov and Sam Shallcross at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. His Bachelor's was obtained in August 2011 at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg under supervision of Michael Thies. His research interests cover a wide array of different topics in condensed matter theory. They range from strongly correlated electron systems in equilibrium to far-from-equilibrium Floquet theory. As theoretical techniques he applies and develops both powerful non-perturbative analytical and numerical methods.
Materials at the Intersection Between Floquet-engineering and Twistronics
Dr. Saleem Ghaffar Rao
Saleem Rao is an Associate Professor of Physics at KFUPM. In 2005, he received his Ph.D. in Physics (fabrication and characterization of CNT-based integrated circuits) from Florida State University. After completing his Ph.D., he served as faculty in the USA and in Pakistan, and in 2009 he joined KFUPM as an Assistant Professor. His area of research is nanostructure-based integrated circuit fabrication and its characterization. Since 2018, he is actively involved in superconducting quantum-chip fabrication and low-temperature characterization in collaboration with UC Berkeley.
Quantum Computing and Superconducting LC Circuit Based Qubits
Session I:
Tuesday - March 22, 2022
@ 15:40 PM (KSA Time GMT +3) Session II:
Wednesday - March 23, 2022
@ 16:00 PM (KSA Time GMT +3) Session III:
@ 16:00 PM (KSA Time GMT +3)
College of Engineering and Physics


text:
Can a charity remove a trustee?
Can a trustee be suspended?
What happens if all charity trustees resign?
How long can a trustee serve in a charity?
What disqualifies you from being a trustee?
Who has the power to remove a trustee?
How do I remove myself from a trustee?
Can trustees vote off another trustee?
Can a beneficiary remove a trustee UK?
When should a trustee resign?
What are the legal responsibilities of a charity trustee?
What are the legal responsibilities of a trustee?
Can a charity operate without trustees?
Who can become a charity trustee?
Can a UK charity trustee live overseas?
Can you run a charity with a criminal record?
The members of charitable companies also have a statutory power to remove a charity trustee (i.e. a director in company law terminology) by ordinary resolution served by special notice, provided that the correct procedure is followed (section 168, Companies Act 2006).
If the commission does suspend someone, the person will not be able to act as a trustee without the written approval of the commission. … If the person being disqualified is a charity trustee the commission must also give notice to each of the other trustees.
Two trustees have recently resigned going against the constitution rules and leaving the charity with three trustees. The trustees resigned as they refused to agree with a specific action that needed to be taken for the company to start operating again after coronavirus (COVID-19). … Decisions with Three Trustees.
Using sub-committees, assemblies, representative groups or advisory councils can help here, but in the end we should ensure that no trustee remains on a board for longer than they are effective. Generally two terms of three years is good practice.
THIS IS INTERESTING: Why should you help Unicef?
Being automatically disqualified means that an individual cannot be a charity trustee. … Individuals are already automatically disqualified as charity trustees if they have unspent convictions for offences of dishonesty or deception (the same goes for attempting, aiding or abetting these offences).
(a) A trustee may be removed in accordance with the trust instrument, by the court on its own motion, or on petition of a settlor, cotrustee, or beneficiary under Section 17200.
Complete a California Petition to Remove Trustee. The petition is a two-page document that requires you to identify yourself and state your reasons for seeking the removal of the trustee. You must be the settlor, a beneficiary or a co-trustee to complete the petition in your own name.
A trustee cannot be the applicant to remove a co-trustee, because a trustee has no interest in the trust property. The court is not bound by the requirements of section 20(1) and has inherent power in common law to remove a trustee from office.
Court action
An application to remove a trustee can be made by a beneficiary or a trustee. When applying to remove a trustee you should try to ensure that you have a replacement or substitute trustee available.
The Uniform Trust Code, adopted by 21 states, allows a trustee to resign on 30 days notice to the trust grantor, all qualified beneficiaries and all co-trustees.
Trustees have duties to their organisations that are similar to company directors, but also are required to comply with charity law. They must: Act collectively exercising reasonable care and skill. Safeguard the assets of the organisation.
THIS IS INTERESTING: Is a charity an LLC?
A trustee must "make the trust property productive." A trustee must not comingle trust property with outside assets and must clearly label trust property. A trustee has the duty to reasonably enforce claims of the trust and defend against legal actions that could harm the trust financially.
You will become responsible for the charity's mission, for its property, finances and the employment of any staff or volunteers. Without good and committed Trustees, no charity can hope to succeed. Being a Trustee can be hard work and in most cases it is unpaid. … You will of course be joining a team of Trustees.
You must be at least 16 years old to be a trustee of a charitable company or a charitable incorporated organisation (CIO), unless the charity's governing document says you must be older. You must be at least 18 to be a trustee of any other type of charity.
Trustees who live outside the UK
You can appoint someone who lives outside the UK as a trustee.
Almost anyone is allowed to run a charity, but there are rules that mean some people with a criminal record are prevented from being able to unless they have clearance from the Charity Commission.
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Prejudgment Interest in International Arbitration
U of Penn, Inst for Law & Econ Research Paper No. 07-32
Fordham Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1029710
24 Pages Posted: 16 Nov 2007
See all articles by Jeffrey M. Colon
Jeffrey M. Colon
Fordham University School of Law
Michael S. Knoll
University of Pennsylvania Law School; University of Pennsylvania Wharton School -- Real Estate Department
Tribunals in international arbitration are regularly asked by claimants to award prejudgment interest. Unless foreclosed by an agreement between the parties, there is widespread agreement prejudgment interest should put the claimant in the same position as it would have been had it not been injured by the respondent. However, there is little consensus how to calculate prejudgment interest in order to accomplish that purpose. In this Essay, we describe the proper method of calculating prejudgment interest based on sound financial principles. Using the paradigm that the respondent has forced the claimant to make an involuntary loan to the respondent, we argue that prejudgment interest should be computed using the respondent's borrowing rate. Furthermore, we argue that tribunals should use a series of short-term, floating interest rates rather than a single long-term rate at the commencement of the dispute in order to provide the parties with the proper incentive to settle their dispute. We also discuss how the calculations are different when the parties are individuals and closely held corporations as opposed to corporations and governments, and we address complications that arise when a tribunal calculates damages in one currency and makes a final award in another currency.
Keywords: Prejudgment interest, international arbitration, international trade, alternative dispute resolution, law & economics, compensation, coerced loan, damages, time value of money, award, currency conversion
Colon, Jeffrey Miguel and Knoll, Michael S., Prejudgment Interest in International Arbitration (October 29, 2007). U of Penn, Inst for Law & Econ Research Paper No. 07-32; Fordham Law Legal Studies Research Paper No. 1029710. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1029710 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1029710
Jeffrey Miguel Colon (Contact Author)
Fordham University School of Law ( email )
University of Pennsylvania Law School ( email )
3501 Sansom Street
University of Pennsylvania Wharton School -- Real Estate Department ( email )


Uruguay's Pluna is in talks with several South American carriers about operating Bombardier CRJs under potential capacity purchase agreements (CPAs).
Pluna president Matias Campiani reveals Pluna and its new strategic investor, Canada's Jazz Air, have recently visited large South American carriers interested in hiring Pluna to operate CRJs. Pluna currently owns a fleet of 10 90-seat CRJ900s, but Campiani says the carrier would likely acquire 50-seat CRJ100/200s if it begins operating aircraft outside its own network.
"We're looking at creating a new division in Pluna to do what Jazz does - CPA. It's a model that hasn't made it down here yet. No one is offering it. We see potential," Campiani told ATI and Flightglobal sister publication Airline Business in an interview last week. "Right now were looking at CPAs as a way of growing."
CPAs are the bread and butter of regional carriers in North America and Europe but in Latin America all regional carriers have independent operations and do their own sales and marketing. Pluna has been following a low-cost independent regional carrier model since it was privatised in 2007. Previously a point-to-point flag carrier operating Boeing narrowbody and widebody aircraft, Pluna now only operates CRJ900s, offering a connection product via Montevideo to 11 destinations in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Paraguay.
Earlier this year ATI reported that Pluna was looking at acquiring second-hand CRJ200s in addition to three additional CRJ900s as part of the next phase of its expansion strategy. Pluna over the last two months has taken delivery of the three additional CRJ900s but has not yet committed to taking any CRJ200s.
Campiani says he still sees potential for Pluna to use CRJ200s to bolster frequencies on some of its thinner routes and open new secondary destinations. But he says the requirement for 50-seaters in Pluna's own operation is too small to merit investing in the second type and CRJ200s will only be added if Pluna can also operate aircraft under a CPA arrangement.
Also earlier this year, Jazz acquired minority stake in Pluna from Campiani's Leadgate investment firm, which acquired 75% of Pluna from the Uruguayan government in 2007. Campiani says in addition to helping fund the now completed expansion of Pluna's CRJ900 fleet, Jazz is providing Pluna with technical and strategic expertise.
On the technical side, Jazz has helped Pluna establish a heavy maintenance capability for its CRJ900 fleet which was introduced last month when Pluna completed its first CRJ heavy check. Jazz has extensive experience operating 50 and 70-seat CRJs and could help Pluna source CRJ100/200s if Pluna decides to add the type to its fleet. On the strategic side, Campiani says Jazz is now helping Pluna develop the CPA model.
Campiani says Pluna still sees opportunity to further grow its Montevideo hub, which is now being expanded using the three newly delivered CRJ900s. But Campiani now believes that when it comes to expanding Pluna outside Uruguay there is more potential via the CPA model.
Leadgate had previously envisioned expanding Pluna across the region by opening new mini-hubs in other countries, targeting smaller markets that larger aircraft cannot viably serve. But Leadgate has discovered this strategy has its challenges due in part to regulatory constraints.