Besides working with a proven company, Gerrard-Hoeschler, I am the owner of ReFind Home, LLC, a home staging company. This is where I have a different edge from most Realtors. It can be stressful trying to sell your present home in a buyer's market. Staging your home can help lessen the stress of selling with my unique expertise.
Please visit my website to view some of my "before and afters" of homes recently sold and currently on the market at www.refindhome.com.
"Amy was excellent! Very helpful and responsive."
"Amy is awesome! She did an excellent job for us."
"Amy was great, she worked with us on weekends and nights".
"We had purchased our home with Amy and it was a great experience."
"Amy was great! Very courteous and kept us informed on every step of the transaction."


Results 1 - 24 of 106 Amagabeli Decorative Garden Fence 44in x 6ft Coated Metal Outdoor . Premium Yard and Pool Vinyl Fence Panel with Post and Cap.
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Mark Zokle: Find out what questions your customers are asking your service and sales reps most often and build a list of topics from that. For instance, a Bath Planet dealer might write a blog about how to clean acrylic or post a short explanation about the differences between bathtub types.
Mark Zokle: It is, but it might not be necessary for your blog. A sidebar bio – a short bio that highlights the most important features of your business – might be enough to catch a reader's attention and entice them to learn more. This bio should touch on one or two important facts about yourself, your product, or the business in general.
Q: How many topics should I cover in each blog post?
Mark Zokle: Try to stick to one main idea and offer supporting information without straying too far off topic. Ideally, a blog post is just a few paragraphs – 300 to 400 words – at that doesn't leave a lot of room for details. You want to leave your reader with strong feelings and a desire to return to your blog later on for more.


Make one, two or as many garlands as you wish to add color to a room or party décor! Pennants are simply folded felt triangles that are glued in place between the pomps of yarn. Choose from a wonderful selection of Pomp-a-Doodle colors.


Stelmax 1961 Gap Filler & Sealant are both easily applied PVC resin, pigment, plasticiser and solvent mixes, that will gap fill and bond readily to form maintenance free joints of exceptional strength when used to bond and fill rigid and plasticised PVC. Good adhesion can also be achieved when used with many porous substrates. 1961 products are extensively used within the window industry for the installation of frames and attachments. Stelmax 1961 has a high solid content and is formulated to fill larger gaps. More typically, 1961 would be used for providing a seal between the window frame and the surround. When dry the product will exhibit weathering, UV and chemical resistance similar to that of a good quality rigid PVC. Sealed joints will retain a degree of flexibility to cater for minor expansion and contraction of the substrate whilst remaining water and gas tight.


Tesla's Model 3 led the BEV and premium midsize sedan rankings in Europe in February, according to JATO Dynamics. The hotly anticipated car excelled during its first full month on the European market and became the best-selling BEV.
The Model 3 quickly outsold other big players such as the Nissan Leaf and Renault Zoe, despite being more expensive and only available for a short amount of time.
JATO said that it was also notable that most of the Model 3's volume in February came from private registrations, breaking the usual trend of a new vehicle's volume being made up of business/fleet registrations.
The Tesla Model 3 also achieved another record in February, as it became the top-selling premium midsize sedan in Europe—outperforming the popular Mercedes C-Class, Audi A4 and BMW 3-Series.
Overall, the European car market registered its sixth consecutive month of decline in February 2019, as 1.14 million vehicles were registered. This was largely because February marked a month of uncertainty for many of the bigger European markets, such as Spain, where registrations fell by 10% amongst political turmoil, and the Netherlands, where a change in tax on pure electric vehicles contributed to the 15% drop in overall registrations. The Swedish and Finnish markets also saw declines of 15% and 11%, respectively, as the two countries continued to struggle to come to grips with the introduction of WLTP.
Although BEV market share remained marginal at 1.9%, their volume increased by 92% to 20,000 registrations. BEVs continued to gain traction in markets such as Norway, where they counted for 40% of overall registrations, and the Netherlands, where they counted for 7%. Demand also increased by 81% in Germany, which was the largest market for BEVs in February.
Meanwhile, diesel registrations fell once again in February, although their market share did stabilize at 34%. This was due to an 8% increase in registrations in Germany, which helped to offset double-digit falls in Italy, France, Spain and the UK.


Home Opinion What's Your Favorite Color?
What's your favorite color? This is such a common question. Everyone asks everyone this question. People ask it on dates, in random conversation, over text or whenever. It's a question that doesn't mean anything. It means nothing. It is a silence-killer. It is a sign that you want to keep talking to the other person, but you don't know what to say to them. Also people don't really care what the answer is. Do you really care about whatever color that someone else thinks is best? Is that something that is critical to who they are? Is it something you will remember?
But imagine if you did care about whatever color was someone's favorite. You would then ask that person why that's their favorite color, and you would learn something. Maybe yellow is Sue's favorite color because it just feels naturally happy, and Sue hasn't felt really happy in a long time, and yellow helps makes them feel good. Maybe Hank likes baby blue because that was the color of his Mom's apron and he loves his Mom. Maybe Juan's love of green stems from the nature walks his sister would take him on and he's loved green since then. People don't really arbitrarily have a favorite color. They have a reason for liking what they like and for disliking whatever they don't like. These little details also matter. If I tell you the story of why I like whatever color I like, and then one day you reference that story? I'll be your friend for life. I will fight anyone who slanders you because you listened to me! Listening to someone is the best way to show someone that they matter to you. People don't listen and think. We are all so constantly bombarded by random information that it is hard to process the raw tons of stimuli that we are constantly smacked with. But if we try a little bit harder to pay attention to the relevant information that makes up our environment, then maybe we will all lead more attentive lives that make us feel more connected to the other people around us.
Next articleTime for a Trip: Gas is Cheap and the Road is Long!


The Schelde (also spelled Scheldt or Escaut) is a 435-kilometre long river that rises in northern France and flows across Belgium to its North Sea outlet in the Netherlands. It drains one of Europe's most densely populated areas, passing through the coalfields of northern France, the industrial conurbations around Lille, the Belgian textile centres and the agricultural fields of Flanders. No wonder that by the time it reaches Antwerp it's a filthy brown colour.
The Schelde is therefore never going to win any prizes for the most picturesque river. However, its cycle paths between Dendermonde and Antwerp are, in my opinion, extremely prizeworthy. In fact I would place them among the best cycle paths in Belgium that I have had the pleasure of cycling along.
For a start, they are broad: in many places cyclists could easily cycle four-abreast. They are well-maintained, generally being flat and smooth with not too many cracks and potholes. They are extremely well-signposted, not only with the Flemish cycling junction network but also with the long-distance Flemish cycle paths. And for the most part they are totally free of motorized traffic (unless you count e-bikes!). Oh and a last benefit: they are liberally sprinkled with plenty of picnic benches and cafés.
Top right is the Hobokense Polder, just outside Antwerp. Bottom left is the town of Dendermonde. Cycling from one to the other is a great idea for a day's cycling.
I chose to start just south of Antwerp in the town of Hemiksem, at junction 70 of the cycling network. I set my GPS for Callebeekstraat, where I found plenty of space to park my car and unload my bike.
Yes, I recently invested in a bike carrier for my car, which enables me and Liz to explore cycle paths outside our home area.
Today I decided to cycle down the south side of the river Schelde and back, a journey of 80 kilometres. I had a thoroughly enjoyable day, and I hope to return to cycle along the Schelde further upstream beyond Dendermonde, or even along the Schelde estuary from Anterp via Terneuzen to Breskens.
One additional fun aspect of cycling along the Schelde is that you have the opportunity to cross the river on a number of ferries! This saves you from having to make long detours, or from using the busy bridges. The one I used ran every half-hour. It's a simple matter of queuing up to use the ferry, waiting until the ferry appears from the other bank, hopping on, and enjoying the (free!) ferry ride. It's an aspect that will probably also appeal to children.
Two more Flemish rivers for me to explore! Thanks for the tips Guido.
Broad and flat – that sounds like my kind of cycle path. I like how you can cross the river on ferries. It adds more excitement to the adventure.


Made of 100 percent of cotton, the shorts are durable, breathable and comfortable. The unique design makes the shorts simple and generous. The camouflage pattern is trendy and easy to match clothes. The shorts are suitable for leisure place and everyday life.


I purchased TRS19 via the traditional method and downloaded all the available DLC.
Content Manager reports I have one missing dependency (required by 4 different assets). The item actually is installed payware but shows as not active (the item is <kuid:-25:596> Hbbins941 freightcar bogey Installed,Payware (not active)).
I have opened said item and reverted to original but it still shows as not active? Have also done a bd rebuild but no effect either? How do I fix this?
Quite possibly this relates to the assets you have through the DLC betatesting program you are part of.
Please search in your packages folder for this KUID and let me know which folder it is part of.
I have some of this as well, but I think it's related to the stuff that hasn't been released yet. It's such things as various drivers, aka William, Kenny, Juan, and others, a bogey for a boxcar, the Amtrak P42s that I got as a DLC package, and a few other things. The other thing that implies this is none of these assets are missing in T:ANE.
The driver issue I've worked out by replacing the drivers in the sessions I created, and the other stuff I can live without for now since these are test versions of my routes and no way associated with my full data for T:ANE, besides, I know this will be worked out eventually as the content is released.
Went through all the package folders and in package folder 45025r_1 in the content folder is the reference kuid -25:596.tzarc. I guess this is what you are referring to?
Ok- problem should now be resolved. Thanks for the extra details.


Banks issue commercial credit to companies, which then access funds as needed to help meet their financial obligations. Companies use commercial credit to fund daily operations and new business opportunities, purchase equipment, or cover unexpected expenses. OCC's commercial credit division provides information and policy guidance on emerging commercial risks and supervisory issues confronting the national banking industry to promote national bank safety and soundness, as well as compliance with applicable laws and regulations.


text:
/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package entities;

import dtos.FilmDto;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Set;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.ManyToMany;
import javax.validation.constraints.Size;

/**
 *
 * @author titou
 */
@Entity
public class Film implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

    @ManyToMany
    private Set<Product> products;

    @Size(max = 255)
    private String title;

    public Film() {

    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int hash = 0;
        hash += (id != null ? id.hashCode() : 0);
        return hash;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object object) {
        // TODO: Warning - this method won't work in the case the id fields are not set
        if (!(object instanceof Film)) {
            return false;
        }
        Film other = (Film) object;
        if ((this.id == null && other.id != null) || (this.id != null && !this.id.equals(other.id))) {
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "entities.Film[ id=" + id + " ]";
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ceramics products maker, Ahmedabad-based Cera Sanitaryware Limited has registered a net profit of Rs 19.32 crore for the nine month period ending December 31, 2010, which was up 44.71 per cent from Rs 13.35 crore in the corresponding period last year.
The company's latest ultra modern faucet manufacturing plant was commissioned in September 2010 and has started commercial production from the plant. The product range of Faucets consists of premium products like single lever, quarter turn and other ranges.
The company's net sales income for the period April-December 2010, totaled at Rs 167.42 crores compared to Rs 132.93 crores during April-December, 2009 reflecting an increase of 26.75%. The company expects the market for Sanitaryware to be buoyant in the wake of the construction boom in the commercial and residential segments. In order to take the full advantage of the market situation, the company has begun executing its expansion programme which will enhance the production capacity to 2.7 million pieces a year from the existing level of 2 million pieces annually.


text:
<form model="role">
    <field name="name"/>
    <field name="parent_id"/>
    <field name="description"/>
    <related>
        <field name="comments"/>
    </related>
</form>


OM VISA Consultancy - Global Immigration, Students, Visitor, Business & Work VISA Consultants: MBA With Placement.
We are delighted to inform you that The University of Northampton, UK has started 2 year MBA programme with a placement year.
ü The placement is for one year.
ü The placement pathway extends the length of the MBA programme from one year to two years.
ü Minimum 6 month placement - maximum 12 month placement.
ü Students can go on placement after trimester 3 in their programme (September or February).
ü Students will opt in to the placement version at the point of admissions and choose the new placement module (30 credits), this replaces the client project (STRM059). This will mean that they are signing up to a 2 year taught programme which includes a 12 month placement. This will be a supported placement opportunity.
Student will get the CAS for two years.
IELTS 6.5 or equivalent with minimum 6.0 in writing and 5.5 in all other bands.


With the Edinburgh Art Festival being the first of the city's summer festivals to get up and running (this coming Friday in fact), the first set of Three To See tips of the year from ThreeWeeks Co-Editor Caro Moses are focused on exhibitions, something a little arty and some science for good measure.
I am completely in love with textiles at the moment, and because I am entirely assured of my own great taste in everything, I think everyone else in the world should be in love with textiles too. But, even if you are not completely in love with textiles, you should take a look at this exhibition, not least because it's a retrospective of the work of Bernat Klein, a renowned and award winning designer who supplied fabrics to haute couture houses. The show features tapestries and paintings by the Serbian born artist, who settled in Scotland in the 1950s, and died last year at the age of 91.
This exhibition of the work of acclaimed Scottish painter John Bellany has been curated by the late artist's wife and muse, Helen Bellany, and must therefore offer an interesting insight into both her perceptions of his work, and their tempestuous life together. Some of the works on display are drawn from the Bellanys' private collection and have not been seen before, so definitely one for the to-see list.
Dolly is very possibly one of the world's most famous Edinburgh residents, very probably one of the world's most famous animals, and pretty much definitely the best known sheep on the the planet (sorry Shaun). The first animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, she spent her days in the city's Roslin Institute before her death in 2003. Her creation was the result of many years of research, and this exhibition tells the story with a wide variety of material, including sound, film, images, and books.


Serial entrepreneur Steve Shwartz returned to the Elm City this month to chat with Startup Grind New Haven at The Grove—the innovation hub where he cofounded his latest business venture, Device42.
In a conversation led by Executive Director Nick Caplan, Shwartz dished on his college experiences, the importance of artificial intelligence and the success of Device42.
Shwartz described an "unremarkable childhood" growing up in New Bedford, Massachusetts just outside of Cape Cod. He took a chance by enrolling in an experimental, yet exclusive honors college known as New College of Florida.
The public liberal arts school does not record letter grades, and it once accepted applicants averaging the third highest average SAT scores nationwide, Shwartz said.
Students were able to study "whatever you wanted." For Shwartz, he chose cognitive psychology and endured his first experiences with computer programming—two disciplines that would set the course for his illustrious professional career.
Shwartz worked a brief stint in Boston as a software developer before earning a national science fellowship position at the Johns Hopkins University to research artificial intelligence.
There, he learned about many of the essentials of artificial intelligence: machine learning and how to get computers to think like people.
Thus began his track record as a founder and angel investor.
Shwartz co-founded Cognitive Systems at a time "when artificial intelligence was hot." Then came Intelligent Business Systems—a patented natural language product—which built off the lessons learned from Cognitive Systems.
His first of two failed attempts to retire came after he founded (and led) Esperant Technology, a leader in business intelligence tools for much of the 1990s. The company built reporting tools that allowed businesses to retrieve large-scale, enterprise-wide data.
"Retirement never seemed to stick for me," Shwartz joked.
Among his many roles, Shwartz also owned CTO Consulting LLC, and served as a board chair of Marrakech Inc, and Tangoe, where he also worked as chief technology officer.
Shwartz is also a longtime angel investor with several successful exists. An 18-year investor of SPS Ventures in Woodbridge, he was part of the company's early investments in mobile, internet and software companies.
For now, his passion resides with Device42, a leader in the configuration management database. Founded in 2010 by Raj Jalan, the company continued to grow in 2012 with Shwartz assisting the project at The Grove. He said the company left the New Haven coworking space in 2014 for a location in West Haven.
Since then, the company has enjoyed a large amount of growth. Shwartz said that Device42 drew revenue of $500,000 in 2014, $1.5 million in 2015 and $7 million in 2017, and it is expected to earn $13 million in 2018.
Budding entrepreneurs, he says, should begin working for a startup to learn what it takes to run a business.
Shwartz urged the audience to take advantage of incentive programs in the state, such as Connecticut Innovations, that award local investors and provide tax credits for businesses.


0:00 Stefan Dill at goalie for Lenoir-Rhyne.
04:21 Shot by Lees-McRae James Smith, Wide Right.
08:44 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Mehmet Karakilinc, Save (by goalie) Thomas Rusling.
08:57 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Mehmet Karakilinc, Wide.
09:24 Shot by Lees-McRae James Smith, Save (by goalie) Stefan Dill.
10:10 Corner kick by Lenoir-Rhyne Adam Crossingham [10:10].
10:28 Substitution!Lenoir-Rhyne substitution: Mario Pinos Garcia for Oliver Worth.
11:02 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Raffaelle Di Puorto, Wide.
13:59 Shot by Lees-McRae Scott Alford, Save (by goalie) Stefan Dill.
15:35 Corner kick by Lees-McRae James Smith [15:35].
16:26 Shot by Lees-McRae Ryan Gillespie, Wide.
17:20 Corner kick by Lenoir-Rhyne Chris Johnson [17:20].
28:10 Shot by Lees-McRae Preston Shahdad, Wide.
28:20 Substitution!Lees-McRae substitution: Brandon Starling for Matthew Cureton.
35:58 Shot by Lees-McRae Scott Alford, Save (by goalie) Stefan Dill.
39:15 Substitution!Lees-McRae substitution: Jacob Copeland for Scott Alford.
45:00 For Lees-McRae: #1 Thomas Rusling, #5 James Abraham, #17 Travis Stover, #11 Brandon Starling, #7 Preston Shahdad, #6 Scott Hudgins, #18 Scott Alford, #16 TC Stephens, #22 Ryan Gillespie, #13 Andrew Shoemaker, #8 James Smith.
45:00 For Lenoir-Rhyne: #1 Stefan Dill, #12 Santiago Asprilla, #8 Mehmet Karakilinc, #15 Mario Pinos Garcia, #7 Adam Crossingham, #2 Conor Doherty, #5 Tom Holland, #3 Chris Johnson, #17 Caolan Cullen, #18 Joe Green, #10 Tobias Tobrant.
46:17 Corner kick by Lees-McRae James Smith [46:17].
51:31 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Tom Holland, Wide.
52:40 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Mario Pinos Garcia, Wide Right.
53:29 Substitution!Lees-McRae substitution: Matthew Cureton for James Smith.
53:35 Substitution!Lees-McRae substitution: James Smith for Matthew Cureton.
56:08 Shot by Lees-McRae Preston Shahdad, Save (by goalie) Stefan Dill.
60:04 Shot by Lees-McRae Scott Alford, Save (by goalie) Stefan Dill.
62:20 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Chris Johnson, Blocked.
62:27 Corner kick by Lenoir-Rhyne Adam Crossingham [62:27].
64:49 Substitution!Lees-McRae substitution: Matthew Cureton for Ryan Gillespie.
66:45 Corner kick by Lees-McRae James Smith [66:45].
66:56 Yellow card on Lenoir-Rhyne Conor Doherty.
67:30 Corner kick by Lees-McRae James Smith [67:30].
69:02 Shot by Lees-McRae Matthew Cureton, High.
70:24 Yellow card on Lenoir-Rhyne Adam Crossingham.
70:33 Shot by Lees-McRae James Abraham, Blocked.
70:48 Substitution!Lenoir-Rhyne substitution: 22 for Adam Crossingham.
71:02 Corner kick by Lees-McRae Matthew Cureton [71:02].
71:10 Corner kick by Lees-McRae Matthew Cureton [71:10].
71:26 Shot by Lees-McRae Andrew Shoemaker, Save (by goalie) Stefan Dill.
71:31 Corner kick by Lees-McRae James Smith [71:31].
71:50 Shot by Lees-McRae Ryan Gillespie, High.
74:58 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Chris Johnson, Save (by goalie) Thomas Rusling.
76:02 Shot by Lees-McRae James Smith, High.
77:14 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Raffaelle Di Puorto, Save (by goalie) Thomas Rusling.
77:43 Shot by Lees-McRae James Smith, Save (by goalie) Stefan Dill.
79:18 Shot by Lees-McRae James Smith, High.
79:35 Substitution!Lees-McRae substitution: Preston Shahdad for Matthew Cureton.
79:56 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Raffaelle Di Puorto, Save (by goalie) Thomas Rusling.
79:35 Substitution!Lenoir-Rhyne substitution: Joe Green for Raffaelle Di Puorto.
80:24 Substitution!Lenoir-Rhyne substitution: Mattias Thompson for Mehmet Karakilinc.
81:06 Substitution!Lenoir-Rhyne substitution: Mehmet Karakilinc for Mattias Thompson.
83:29 Shot by Lees-McRae James Smith, Save (by goalie) Stefan Dill.
83:47 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Mehmet Karakilinc, Save (by goalie) Thomas Rusling.
84:59 Shot by Lees-McRae James Smith, High.
87:47 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Mario Pinos Garcia, Wide Left.
89:08 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Chris Johnson, High.
90:00 For Lees-McRae: #1 Thomas Rusling, #8 James Smith, #22 Ryan Gillespie, #13 Andrew Shoemaker, #5 James Abraham, #6 Scott Hudgins, #11 Brandon Starling, #16 TC Stephens, #26 Matthew Cureton, #18 Scott Alford, #7 Preston Shahdad.
90:00 For Lenoir-Rhyne: #1 Stefan Dill, #2 Conor Doherty, #8 Mehmet Karakilinc, #17 Caolan Cullen, #15 Mario Pinos Garcia, #9 Nicholas Sibert, #10 Tobias Tobrant, #18 Joe Green, #14 Raffaelle Di Puorto, #7 Adam Crossingham, #5 Tom Holland.
93:31 Corner kick by Lees-McRae James Smith [93:31].
94:07 Corner kick by Lees-McRae James Smith [94:07].
95:37 Substitution!Lees-McRae substitution: Travis Stover for Brandon Starling.
97:28 Corner kick by Lees-McRae James Smith [97:28].
97:40 Shot by Lees-McRae Preston Shahdad, High.
100:00 For Lenoir-Rhyne: #18 Joe Green, #3 Chris Johnson, #10 Tobias Tobrant, #15 Mario Pinos Garcia, #14 Raffaelle Di Puorto, #17 Caolan Cullen, #18 Joe Green, #2 Conor Doherty, #1 Stefan Dill, #11 Mattias Thompson, #7 Adam Crossingham.
100:00 For Lees-McRae: #1 Thomas Rusling, #16 TC Stephens, #22 Ryan Gillespie, #6 Scott Hudgins, #5 James Abraham, #26 Matthew Cureton, #17 Travis Stover, #18 Scott Alford, #13 Andrew Shoemaker, #8 James Smith, #7 Preston Shahdad.
106:01 Corner kick by Lenoir-Rhyne Chris Johnson [106:01].
106:53 Corner kick by Lenoir-Rhyne Chris Johnson [106:53].
107:12 Shot by Lenoir-Rhyne Raffaelle Di Puorto, Blocked.
109:09 Shot by Lees-McRae James Smith, Blocked.
109:35 Shot by Lees-McRae Scott Alford, Hit Crossbar.


text:
US-based Solar Company seeks to boost Nigerian Economy with $300m
by Jubril Agoro
Triton Solar, a solar, lighting and batteries manufacturing company, has announced that it would be investing $300 million or more in Nigeria.
The company's Managing Partner, Global Head of Business, Bhagi Sandilya said this on the sideline of his visit with the Chairman/Chief Executive Officer of Silicon Valley Nigeria Economic Development Inc, Chief Temitope Ajayi, to a former Minister of Industry, Alhaji Bamanga Tukur.
Sandilya explained that Triton Solar plans to invest $100 million into setting up 3 plants of the company to be located in Lagos, Oyo State and Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
"The total investment worth of this plant is $100m or more over five years, starting with $25m in the first year. We need 205 funding commitment from state or local financier partner," he said.
Speaking further, the global business head disclosed that Nigeria would be its first country of operation in Africa as it only has branches in Canada, United Arab Emirate, Morocco and India alongside headquarters in New Jersey, USA.
Sandilya assured that the plants will be of advantage to Nigeria. He said that the solar energy of the company would reduce the price of power, provide clean energy solution and could electrify Nigeria, from street lights to hospitals, markets and other commercial and residential customers.
In addition, this huge investment could create a large number of jobs for Nigerian youths. Therefore, if the challenge of energy or light is solved, it will foster more high-profile investors into Nigeria and small and medium businesses can start to scale seamlessly.
Also present was Tukur whom Sandilya visited. Tukur is the Executive President of the African Business Roundtable and Chairman of NEPAD Business Group. He made known that energy challenge was a major problem negatively affecting industrialisation, productivity and general wellbeing of Nigerians.
Punch reported that Tukur stated that solar energy was needed in Nigeria, adding that it would accelerate industrialisation and economic growth as well as reduce manufacturing cost. "We really need safe and sustainable energy that will give us no problem. Solar is a new technology. It is gaining ground. The fossil fuel is no longer fashionable. The sun is here; so solar is the in-thing," Tukur said.
INFLATION RATE LEAPS TO 11.85% AS BORDER CLOSURE EATS DEEP
2020 TEF ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAMME: 5 ESSENTIAL TIPS FOR YOUR APPLICATION TO STAND OUT
Jubril Agoro

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hamilton Beach 49980Z Two Way Brewer - Review - Best of both worlds?
Hamilton Beach 49980Z Two Way Brewer – Review – Best of both worlds?
The Hamilton Beach 49980Z Two-Way Brewer offers outstanding value, due to its innovative design, integrating standard 12-cup drip coffee brewing and single-serve coffee functionality into one reasonably-priced machine.
It is an affordable coffee maker that is ideal for those who wish to brew a proper cup of coffee while avoiding the long lines and expensive menus of a traditional coffee house. The device is manufactured from stainless steel, thus it is quite durable. This coffee machine is ideal for those who may be on a tight budget and yet still wish to enjoy a convenient, freshly brewed coffee day or night.
As the name may denote, this machine offers the user two ways to brew a coffee. A single cup can be selected or instead, an entire pot can be made. These options are all accomplished with the simple flick of a switch. In fact, the pot has enough capacity to brew up to twelve cups. A strength function will provide a choice between a coffee that is decidedly potent or instead a regular cup that is ideal for weekends around the home.
Some other interesting features include a twelve-ounce travel mug that is included alongside the traditional glass carafe which holds twelve cups in total. A large water reservoir will allow the unit to be filled only once. This will allow for multiple cups to be made with ease. Its adjustable frame will allow multiple cup sizes to be accommodated without any issues and a programmable computer will enable brew times to be calculated up to twenty-four hours in advance. This is ideal for those who may wish to set a timer before going to sleep at night.
A pod holder that snaps into place and allows the single-brew system to contain soft coffee pods.
Clearly visible hour and minute displays to allow timed brewing.
A brew basket with a durable mesh filter.
Options between bold and regular strength coffee.
The brewer is extremely easy to clean and maintain.
The carafe lid cannot be removed, thus it is harder to clean.
No battery back-up for the built-in clock.
The water valve may become clogged over time.
For most individuals who wish to enjoy both flexibility and a quality cup of coffee, this brewer will certainly not disappoint. The option of making a single cup or instead brewing an entire pot is enviable. This is further enhanced by the ability to directly control the brew strength. Such a feature is rarely found on models at this level. Finally, the price is very agreeable, as other contemporary designs will cost substantially more. With simple operation and the choice to use either non-pod (ground) or pod coffee, such a streamlined convenience is well worth the reasonable price. So, the Hamilton Beach 49980Z Two-Way Brewer is likely to please nearly every value-sensitive consumer.


Fully functioning M-Audio Axiom 61 keybaord for sale. It has worked for my needs, but I am moving away so I am selling it now. Works well, but the head of a slider has come off - however this does not affect the functionality (see photos).Comes with USB cable.
JMR Recording Studio Shankill Offers One to One Audio Tuition for Home Studio Owners.
Whether you are about to get set up and need advice on buying the right equipment or are already up and running and wish to further your knowledge/abilities we have the information for you.
Simply get in contact and let us know your present level of expertise and what you want to achieve and we'll get stuck in and get you there ASAP.


Hey everyone, I'm SaiyanHybrid on Mfc as most people know and this is my story.
I wanted to tell it because I find pride in being on this server.
This may be long so stick around .
I joined MFC in late august of 2011, and became a citizen in October of 2011. A friend showed me Minecraft and MFC the same day, and even though we didn't speak that much after I have to thank him for showing me this great game and server. Around that time I was going into 8th grade and had a falling out with a group of friends I was close with, not to mention the amount of name calling I was getting during school, so middle school has probably been the shittiest part of my life so far. The reason I want to say this is that during this period of time Minecraft and MFC were a constant joy in my life and that strengthened my connection with them. When I joined the server and had been playing on it for a couple months I met a lot of fun people (Moparx of course, Assad89, Mikeioto, Mjaal, Malchious, Alzvile and his group, and many more i cant come to think of sorry). In the old world I created Whiterun (yes name from skyrim, I was 14 give me a break) and was trying so hard to make it a city. I also had the idea from caboozel and Dazzy that I should make a new city in a better and less torn up area of the map, and named that area that eventually became a city, Heavensreach. I also had friends from my school that I still hang out with today. As time has gone on my interest in Minecraft has not been as it was when I first started but because of the connection I have with this server I never was away for too long. We reset the world in December of 2013 and by then I was in 10th grade, with really only 2 IRL friends still playing on here. This world I have made a large area with my friends OfficialDomoKing and JosephDBS and have lived there on the server ever since. Now in February of 2016, with most of my friends on here and IRl not playing on MFC, I just wanted to look back on the almost 5 years i have played on MFC and say thank you.
I have not had a hard life at home or any terrible events happen to me, but I still have depression and social anxiety. MFC has been one of the best ways to get past whats wrong in my head.
So if you read this far, I want to say thank you for listing to my story and thank you for making this server so great.
Lastly some may say that items and mobs in minecraft and friends I make on here don't matter (myself a couple years ago included) but in some aspect they all are.
Just because I cant touch the 1's and 0's of items and stuff in minecraft doesn't mean they aren't something I'm proud of.
Just because I can't meet you guys doesn't mean I don't know you and have had great times with you (no homo).
Again Thanks for making my life better MFC, in such a Fresh and creepy way .
Thanks for being an integral part of our community all these years.
Thanks for posting this, it was really nice. Glad you got into college!
Great post buddy! Congratulations on getting into your first choice!
(02-20-2016, 12:33 PM)red_warrior77 (no homo). Wrote: Damn.
Good to see you red. I feel much the same about MFC and the great community it is. Can also sympathise with middle school/Highschool actually being one of the worst parts of life, Im going through what you did right now, never felt so down .
BLOODY ELL! A WILD DAZZY!
It has been too damn long, I miss this old server.
Good post, somehow still find myself here. Good luck Red!
(10-27-2016, 01:43 AM)AlzVile Wrote: Good post, somehow still find myself here. Good luck Red!
Talk about a blast from the past! How's it going, AlzVile?


Though there is little here for an informed person to take issue with, the film's well-intentioned preachiness is unlikely to win over those who favor Genesis and denial over climate science.
With everything glimpsed at a comfortable overhead distance, our planet becomes so much eye candy for the Nat Geo set.
Unable to recognize how sufficient the visuals themselves are, its music gets increasingly over-dramatic, epic-like.
Even scarred landscapes have a harsh beauty, suitable for framing.
Yann Arthus-Bertrand is one of the few photographers who knows how to make the best shot... every time! His camera work in this film is unreal. We have very little time to change and the majority is still not aware of that. When 20% of the world's population consumes 80% of it's resources, the world spends 12 times more on military expenditures than on aid to developing countries and 5000 people a day die because of dirty drinking water - it's time to wake up! And this movie is a great tool to create that awareness.


The Primitive Quilts and Projects 2017 calendar captures some of the prettiest photos from our previous issues. Measuring 13 5/8" x 24" (opened), this year's calendar has large squares, dark numbers/lines, and has a full, separate image for each month. New this year are preceding/coming month calendars on each monthly page, and a full extra month (Jan18)!
A calendar makes the perfect gift for anyone...and the Primitive Quilts calendar will look great in any home!


text:
FDA approves biosimilar rituximab for NHL
HT Staff
Photo by Bill Branson
Vials of drug
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a biosimilar rituximab product for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).
Celltrion's Truxima (rituximab-abbs) is a biosimilar of Genentech's Rituxan and the first biosimilar approved in the United States to treat NHL.
Truxima (formerly CT-P10) is approved to treat adults with CD20-positive, B-cell NHL, either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy.
Specifically, Truxima is approved as a single agent to treat relapsed or refractory, low grade or follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL.
Truxima is approved in combination with first-line chemotherapy to treat previously untreated follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL.
Truxima is approved as single-agent maintenance therapy in patients with follicular, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL who achieve a complete or partial response to a rituximab product in combination with chemotherapy.
And Truxima is approved as a single agent to treat non-progressing, low-grade, CD20-positive, B-cell NHL after first-line treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone.
The label for Truxima contains a boxed warning detailing the risk of fatal infusion reactions, severe skin and mouth reactions (some with fatal outcomes), hepatitis B virus reactivation that may cause serious liver problems (including liver failure and death), and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
The FDA said its approval of Truxima is "based on a review of evidence that included extensive structural and functional characterization, animal study data, human pharmacokinetic data, clinical immunogenicity data, and other clinical data that demonstrates Truxima is biosimilar to Rituxan."
A phase 3 trial recently published in The Lancet Haematology suggested that Truxima is equivalent to the reference product in patients with low-tumor-burden follicular lymphoma.
For more details on Truxima, see the prescribing information.
FDA approves rituximab biosimilar for lymphoma


text:
Jordan Discovered Tour
Jordan Dead Sea to Red Sea Tour
Jordan Highlights Tour
from £979 per person
Hotels and Flights
Jordan Tours and Excursions
Full tours
Overnight excursions
Selected offers
What to see in Jordan
About Jordan
Steeped in history, Jordan is famed for its archaeological treasures, from the Desert Castles of the north to the Nabataean capital of Petra. South of the capital Amman and beyond the Jordan Valley where John the Baptist lived and preached, lies the Dead Sea, the lowest place on Earth and the deepest salt lake in the world. To the south lies Wadi Rum, Lawrence of Arabia's dramatic desert valley formed countless thousands of years ago and settled around 10,000 BC. A journey through Jordan's changing landscape culminates in the port town of Aqaba on the Red Sea, offering exceptional diving amongst the coral reefs. Jordan is truly an awe-inspiring country to explore.
All our private tours are fully flexible and can be tailor-made to your requirements. Other trips or extensions to your stay are available to many destinations in Jordan.
The tours featured below are privately-guided with an English-speaking driver/guide. Prices include taxes, transfers, entrance fees and hotels with meal plans and flights as specified in the tour details.
Be inspired by our most popular tailor-made itineraries exploring the many beauties of Jordan. Travel at your own pace with a guide…
Choose from our range of overnight excursions to discover the stunning mountains, forts and deserts. Or create your own adventure…
Select one of our half- or full-day trips from your hotel in Petra or Tala Bay for a taste of the many splendours Jordan has to offer.
Beginning in Amman, you'll have time to explore the city highlights and visit nearby Jerash, a vast, impressive Roman city. Moving on to Petra, arguably the eighth wonder of the ancient world, you'll enjoy a guided excursion as well as time to explore the area on your own. Afterwards, you travel via the stunning moonscapes of Wadi Rum to the Dead Sea, where you can swim and relax at some of the best hotels in the region.
Archaeological Treasures
Often described as the eighth wonder of the ancient world, this vast, unique city was carved into the sheer rock face by the Nabataeans, an industrious Arab people who settled here more than 2000 years ago. Experience the different moods of Petra with a day time and a night visit, staying overnight at one of the lovely hotels at the entrance to the site.
Ajlun
Your day starts with a visit to Jerash, one of the best-preserved Graeco-Roman cities in the Middle East. Where you can admire the paved and colonnaded streets, soaring hilltop temples, handsome theatres, spacious public squares and plazas, baths, fountains and city walls pierced by towers and gates. Your day continues with a journey through a beautiful pine-forest and olive groves to the town of Ajlun, to visit its imposing castle. From the top, there is a splendid view westwards into the Jordan Valley.
Flights with British Airways
Transfer included
2 days / 1 night
from £85 per person
Although much has been written about Petra, nothing really prepares you for this amazing place. It has to be seen to be believed. Often described as the eighth wonder of the ancient world, it is without doubt Jordan's most valuable treasure and greatest tourist attraction. It is a vast, unique city, carved into the sheer rock face by the Nabataeans, an industrious Arab people who settled here more than 2000 years ago.
Amman, the capital of Jordan, is one of the oldest continually inhabited cities in the world; and despite being essentially a product of the 20th century, it still retains its old world charm. In modern, culturally diverse Amman, it isn't uncommon to see luxury hotels tower over traditional coffee shops where old men gather to play backgammon. Travellers looking to discover old Arabia in Amman will find the souks and bazaars intriguing.
Without doubt, one of the world's most surreal places, the Jordan Rift Valley is a dramatic, beautiful landscape, which at the Dead Sea, is over 400 metres (1,312 ft.) below sea level. The lowest point on the face of the earth, this vast, stretch of water receives a number of incoming rivers, including the River Jordan and offers excellent hotels for a relaxing stay.
View Petra Hotels
View Amman Hotels
View Dead Sea Hotels
Wadi Rum Camps
The haunting moonscape terrain of Wadi Rum, described by T. E. Lawrence as "vast, echoing and God-like offers a peaceful retreat away from the hustle and bustle of modern life. With clear night skies you can appreciate the millions of stars as you relax in your camp.
Aqaba & Red Sea
With its wealth of other attractions, Jordan's splendid Red Sea resort is often overlooked by modern-day visitors. But apart from being a delightful place for discerning holidaymakers, this is actually a great base from which to explore various places of interest in southern Jordan.
Here you can find hotels and resorts that are located elsewhere in Jordan.
View Wadi Rum Camps
View Aqaba & Red Sea Hotels
View All Other Hotels
Please contact us for details of all our Jordan special offers.
Highbridge House | 581 Bath Road | Longford | UB7 0EW | Company registration 4939093


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El 608° Batallón de Proyectores Antiaéreos (608. Flak-Scheinwerfer-Abteilung (o)) fue una unidad militar de la Luftwaffe durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Historia
Formada el 26 de agosto de 1939 en Hamburg-Altona desde partes del III Grupo/6° Regimiento Antiaéreo, con 3 Baterías (conocida como 608° Batallón de Reserva de Proyectores Antiaéreo hasta julio de 1942).

 4° Escuadra/608° Batallón de Proyectores Antiaéreo fue formada a finales de 1941.
 5° Escuadra/608° Batallón de Proyectores Antiaéreo fue formada en mayo de 1944(?) desde la 1° Escuadra/530° Batallón de Proyectores Antiaéreo; 4° Escuadra/608° Batallón de Proyectores Antiaéreo fue disuelta, y  reformada desde la 3° Escuadra/530° Batallón de Proyectores Antiaéreo.

Servicios
 Marzo de 1941: en Hamburgo bajo el .
 1 de noviembre de 1943: en Hamburg bajo la 3.ª División Antiaérea ({Ord|161.|er}} Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de enero de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de febrero de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de marzo de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de abril de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de mayo de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de junio de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de julio de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de agosto de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de septiembre de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de octubre de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de noviembre de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).
 1 de diciembre de 1944: en Hamburgo bajo la 3ª División Antiaérea (161° Regimiento de Proyectores Antiaéreo).

Véase también

Referencias
 http://www.ww2.dk/ground/flak/abt/sw608.html

Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)
Batallones de Proyectores Antiaéreos
Unidades militares alemanas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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New Study by The Boston Consulting Group for ETNO Calls for Pro-Investment Agenda to Deliver Digital Single Market
BCG_ETNO_REPORT_2013.pdf
Telecoms Regulation Reform Could Deliver EU Countries up to €750 Billion in GDP growth and 5.5 Million Jobs
BRUSSELS, July 19, 2013–With significant reform of the current patchwork system of regulations governing telecommunications in the European Union there could be up to €750 billion in GDP growth and 5.5 million jobs by 2020, according to a new study by The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) for the European Telecommunications Network Operators' Association (ETNO).
The study, Reforming Europe's Telecoms Regulation to Enable the Digital Single Market, details how a reformed regulatory framework can both safeguard competition as well as incentivize the investments in advanced next-generation access networks (NGA) required for the EU to reach its Digital Agenda targets and for the European Digital Single Market to become a reality.
While it has long been a leader in innovation and the technologies that comprise the backbone of the digital economy, Europe has fallen behind in ultrafast mobile and fixed Internet connectivity. Many markets in Asia and North America enjoy fibre access penetration that is up to 20 times higher and penetration of LTE that is as much as 35 times greater. The BCG study projects that by 2020 the shortfall in investment needed to meet EU Digital Agenda targets for broadband coverage and penetration could aggregate between €110 billion and €170 billion. The result for European consumers and businesses is slower, less reliable connections, leading to less value for consumers and lower economic growth.
"The findings of this study come at the right moment, when a reform of telecom rules is being launched by the European Commission, showing how the telecom sector can help growth and jobs in Europe if given the right regulatory conditions. The sector needs a long-term policy view that goes in the direction of favouring investments and avoids measures that might destroy market value", said Luigi Gambardella, Chairman of the ETNO Executive Board.
"There has been an ongoing consensus in Europe about the challenges the European sector is facing, but this is a unique attempt to find the underlying causes and to offer a comprehensive program to get the Digital Agenda back on track and therefore European citizens could all benefit from its results. The study quantifies the impact of the required measures. This is essential to have an informed debate about the Single Market in Europe," said Daniel Pataki, ETNO Director.
"Europe's consumers may find themselves in the position of paying relatively low prices for online access but largely missing out on advanced services and experiences that next-generation access networks provide," said Wolfgang Bock, Senior Partner of BCG.
European investment in telecommunications infrastructure has declined by approximately 2 percent a year over the last five years, meaning that some €3.5 billion less was invested in 2012 than in 2008. In contrast, infrastructure investment in comparable international markets has increased at about 2 percent a year over the same period. Europe's ability to invest in next generation networks may fall further as revenues in the European telecommunications sector continue to contract, by as much as 2 percent a year through 2020, according to BCG estimates.
One of the root causes of this situation is outdated and intrusive regulation that distorts market-based competition and discourages capital investment, particularly by telcos, in NGA. These trends must be turned around if Europe is to remain innovative and competitive in the global digital marketplace. Doing so requires a shift in the approach to regulation towards a new paradigm centered around:
A harmonized—and substantially reduced—pan-European regulatory approach, relying mostly on established competition law
A short- and long-term comprehensive view of all the costs and benefits for consumers which takes into full account the long-term benefits of investments for consumers
A full view of the value chain, in a technology-agnostic manner and with a differentiated geographic lens
The study proposes five measures that will reverse the regulatory root causes of lagging telecommunications investment and help to unlock the funding required to build the ultra-fast connectivity that is increasingly the lifeblood of the digital economy:
Substantial deregulation of fixed-line wholesale access
A level playing field for network operators and digital services providers
Spectrum policy that accelerates the build-out of mobile networks
Permitting healthy consolidation in mobile
Harmonizing rules and procedures to unlock cross-country synergies
Taken together, BCG estimates that these five measures would increase telecom operator cash flows by a cumulative total of €105 billion to €165 billion by 2020 and asserts that a significant portion of these funds would be available for additional investment in next-generation networks. Along with the rollout cost savings that DG Connect initiatives, such as the pending "less digging = more broadband" regulation, are expected to deliver, this program would significantly close Europe's next-generation network investment gap, fuel growth and add jobs, and bring the goal of a vibrant Digital Single Market much closer to reality.
The full BCG report is available here.
About ETNO
ETNO has been the voice of Europe's telecommunications network operators since 1992 and has become the principal policy group for European electronic communications network operators. Its 50 members and observers in 35 countries collectively account for a turnover of more than € 600 billion and employ over 1.6 million people. ETNO companies are the main drivers of broadband and are committed to its continual growth in Europe. ETNO closely contributes to shaping the best regulatory and commercial environment for its members to continue rolling out innovative and high quality services and platforms for the benefit of European consumers and businesses.
About The Boston Consulting Group
The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) is a global management consulting firm and the world's leading advisor on business strategy. We partner with clients from the private, public, and not-for-profit sectors in all regions to identify their highest-value opportunities, address their most critical challenges, and transform their enterprises. Our customized approach combines deep insight into the dynamics of companies and markets with close collaboration at all levels of the client organization. This ensures that our clients achieve sustainable competitive advantage, build more capable organizations, and secure lasting results. Founded in 1963, BCG is a private company with 78 offices in 43 countries. For more information, please visit www.bcg.com.
Ralph Lloyd-Davis (ETNO) Tel: +32 2 227 10 88 Email: lloyd@etno.be
Christoph Schlueter (BCG) Tel: +49 69 9150 2237 Email: schlueter.christoph@bcg.com


Hypothyroidism is the underproduction of thyroid hormones by an underactive thyroid gland. These hormones are important in metabolism and a deficiency therefore causes many of the body' s functions to slow down. Most cases are caused by an autoimmune disorder such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis. More rarely, however, hypothyroidism results from the removal of part of the thyroid gland to treat hyperthyroidism (overactivity of the thyroid).
Symptoms of hypothyroidism include tiredness, lethargy. and cold intolerance. There may also be muscle weakness, cramps, a slow heart rate, dry skin, hair loss, constipation, a husky voice, and weight gain. Women may experience heavy menstrual periods. A syndrome called myxoedema, in which the skin and other tissues thicken, may develop. Enlargement of the thyroid gland may also occur (goitre). If the condition occurs in childhood, it may retard growth and normal development.
The disorder is diagnosed by measuring the level of thyroid hormones in the blood. Treatment consists of replacement therapy with the thyroid hormone thyroxine, usually for life. In adults, the symptoms usually improve about three weeks after the start of treatment. Hormone treatment is monitored regularly so that the correct dosage is maintained.
Aetiology—iodine deficiency and neonatal hypothyroidism remain major challenges for public health in many countries, but the most frequent cause of thyroid dysfunction in iodine-sufficient areas is autoimmunity, where the follicular gland structure is destroyed by autoreactive T cells.
Clinical features—manifests in the adult with the gradual onset of a constellation of symptoms and signs including tiredness, feeling cold, weight gain, hoarseness of the voice, and slow-relaxing tendon reflexes. A goitre may (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) or may not (atrophic thyroiditis/primary myxoedema) be present. Biochemical diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism is confirmed by a high serum TSH and a low free T4, with autoimmune hypothyroidism associated with the presence of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (against the 'microsomal' antigen). Treatment is with thyroxine (100–150 µg/day, but beginning with a low dose in older people or those with heart disease).
Myxoedema coma—this is the most dramatic presentation of hypothyroidism and a medical emergency with high mortality: management requires (1) supportive treatment; (2) identification and treatment of any precipitating condition, often infective; (3) parenteral thyroid hormone replacement.
Impaired production of thyroid hormones is usually due to a primary abnormality of thyroid gland or iodine deficiency; occasionally it is secondary to pituitary or hypothalamic disorders. The onset of primary hypothyroidism is gradual and may be detected when the TSH is elevated (to compensate for impaired thyroid output) but the free thyroid hormone levels are normal. This state is subclinical hypothyroidism. As thyroid damage continues, TSH levels rise further but free T4 levels fall. The TSH level at this stage is usually above 10 mU/litre, symptoms become apparent, and the patient is said to have overt or clinical hypothyroidism.
The causes of hypothyroidism are listed in Bullet list 1 (below). The commonest cause worldwide is iodine deficiency, discussed above. In iodine-sufficient areas, autoimmune hypothyroidism and thyroid damage after radio-iodine or surgical treatment for hyperthyroidism are the major causes.
The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism in white populations is around 2% in women and 0.2% in men, with a mean age of 60 at diagnosis. Subclinical hypothyroidism is even more common (6–8% of women and 3% of men). Around 4% of these individuals progress to overt hypothyroidism annually if thyroid peroxidase antibodies accompany the elevated TSH. Half this number progress in the absence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Focal lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid associated with thyroid autoantibody positivity occurs in up to 15% of healthy women and 2% of men without an elevated TSH level, representing the earliest manifestation of thyroid autoimmunity; 2% of these people progress to overt hypothyroidism annually. Congenital hypothyroidism occurs in about 1 in 4000 births and this high frequency has led to the widespread introduction of neonatal screening.
Autoimmune hypothyroidism is primarily the result of autoreactive T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against thyroid follicular cells. Cytokines derived from the locally infiltrating T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells impair thyroid cell function and enhance T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. The role of thyroid autoantibodies in thyroid cell destruction is unclear, but thyroid peroxidase antibodies fix complement and may cause secondary damage. In 10 to 20% of patients, antibodies which block the TSH receptor are partially or wholly responsible for hypothyroidism, and transplacental passage of these antibodies (but not thyroid peroxidase antibodies) occasionally causes transient neonatal hypothyroidism. Genetic and environmental factors are involved in the aetiology but, as with most autoimmune disorders, the complex interaction of these factors has so far prevented a full understanding. Polymorphisms in the HLA-DR and CTLA4 genes are associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism, and a high iodine intake may be an important environmental factor in some cases.
a The following types of dyshormonogenesis are due to mutations in the genes given in parentheses: iodide transport defect (Na+/I− symporter), defective iodide organification (thyroid peroxidase, pendrin), loss of iodide reutilization (dehalogenase), deficient thyroid hormone synthesis (thyroglobulin). Defects in monoiodotyrosine coupling also occur but are, so far, poorly characterized.
Congenital hypothyroidism is caused by thyroid aplasia or hypoplasia in 60% of cases and in 30% there is an ectopic gland. Mutations in thyroid-specific transcription factors have been found in some of these cases. In the remaining 10%, hypothyroidism is due to dyshormonogenesis (see Bullet list 3).
The cardinal features in adults with hypothyroidism are shown in Bullet list 2. However, the ready availability of reliable screening tests for hypothyroidism, especially TSH assays, has led to the recognition of many patients in whom there are only vague or nonspecific symptoms, such as tiredness, weight gain, and poor concentration. The differential diagnosis is accordingly vast but the high frequency of hypothyroidism should prompt its exclusion when any suggestive features are present, particular in middle-aged women with chronic fatigue or depression.
Autoimmune hypothyroidism may present with a goitre (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) or without (atrophic thyroiditis or primary myxoedema). When present, the goitre is of variable size but is often hard and irregular, sometimes giving rise to suspicion of a malignancy, which then requires exclusion by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Primary lymphoma of the thyroid is a rare but important association. Thyroid pain due to autoimmune thyroiditis is also a rare complication. Patients may notice a Hashimoto goitre before any thyroid dysfunction has developed and annual follow-up is then needed.
The most dramatic presentation of hypothyroidism is myxoedema coma, which is fortunately rare. In addition to the usual features, there is hypothermia (as low as 23 °C) and coma, sometimes with seizures. Mortality is 50% even with intensive treatment. Patients are typically older and either previously undiagnosed or poorly compliant with medication. There is generally an additional precipitant, such as respiratory depression due to drugs, chest infection, heart failure, stroke, blood loss, or exposure to cold.
Autoimmune hypothyroidism is frequently associated with other autoimmune conditions. In the type 2 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease (hypothyroidism or Graves' disease) is associated with type 1 diabetes and/or Addison's disease. This syndrome is autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. In the rare, autosomal recessive type 1 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, Addison's disease, and hypoparathyroidism), autoimmune hypothyroidism is found in 5 to 10% of patients. Other common associations include pernicious anaemia, vitiligo, and alopecia areata and there is a significant excess of autoimmune hypothyroidism in coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, chronic active hepatitis, premature ovarian failure, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's syndrome. Breast cancer patients and individuals with Down's and Turner's syndromes have a higher than expected frequency of thyroid autoimmunity. Around 5% of patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, discussed later in this chapter, have autoimmune hypothyroidism and 15% of patients with Graves' disease successfully treated with antithyroid drugs develop hypothyroidism 10 to 20 years later. This relationship with Graves' disease is further emphasized by rare patients who oscillate between hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism over a period of months. The likely explanation is fluctuation in the relative levels of TSH receptor stimulating and blocking antibodies, but the cause of these changes is unknown.
Juvenile hypothyroidism is uncommon. The features of adult hypothyroidism (Bullet list 2) may be present, but the diagnosis is usually suggested by retarded growth and dentition, and an infantile face. Myopathy with muscle enlargement is common. Puberty is usually delayed, although sometimes it is precocious. Congenital hypothyroidism is typically unrecognizable at birth but, if not identified by screening, gives rise to prolonged jaundice, failure to thrive, impaired growth, feeding difficulties, constipation, and hypotonia. Left untreated, even for a few weeks after birth, there is permanent neurological damage resulting in intellectual impairment.
In Hashimoto's thyroiditis there is a prominent diffuse and focal lymphocytic infiltrate with germinal centre formation. The thyroid follicles show varying degrees of destruction and little or no colloid. The remaining thyroid follicular cells have an increased number of mitochondria, giving rise to oxyphil metaplasia (Askanazy or Hürthle cells). There is a variable degree of fibrosis. In atrophic thyroiditis, fibrosis is the most prominent feature, with a less obvious lymphocytic infiltrate than in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thyroid follicles are usually sparse, reflecting the later stage at which this form of autoimmune hypothyroidism is diagnosed. Whether there is a natural progression from Hashimoto's to atrophic thyroiditis is unclear, although the goitre usually decreases with T4 replacement.
Measuring serum TSH is the first step in diagnosing hypothyroidism, with the important caveat that this approach will miss most cases of secondary hypothyroidism in which the serum TSH measured by immunoassays may be low, normal, or even slightly raised, due to the secretion of bioinactive forms of the hormone. If secondary hypothyroidism is suspected, for instance in the follow-up of a patient with treated pituitary disease, it is essential to check the free T4 level. The TSH is elevated in other settings besides primary overt hypothyroidism (Table 1 below). It is therefore important to confirm the diagnosis by measuring the free T4 in all samples in which the TSH is elevated. Measurement of free T3 adds nothing to the diagnosis, especially as values may be within the reference range in a quarter of hypothyroid patients due to extrathyroidal conversion of T4.
N, normal; TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; ↑, increased; ↓, decreased.
If myxoedema coma is expected, it is essential that treatment is initiated immediately without awaiting confirmation of the diagnosis. These patients often have dilutional hyponatraemia, hypoglycaemia, and electrocardiography changes (low voltage, prolonged QT interval, flat or inverted T waves, and heart block). Other nonspecific features which may be found in any patient with hypothyroidism are elevation in serum liver and muscle enzymes (the raised creatine phosphokinase particularly may cause unnecessary concern), raised cholesterol, and anaemia. The anaemia is usually normocytic or macrocytic, but microcytosis occurs when hypothyroidism is accompanied by menorrhagia.
The aetiology is usually easily established. In the absence of a history of treated hyperthyroidism or iodine exposure, the majority of juvenile or adult onset primary hypothyroidism in iodine-sufficient countries is due to autoimmune hypothyroidism. Transient hypothyroidism due to destructive thyroiditis is considered later. The diagnosis of autoimmune hypothyroidism is confirmed by the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies, usually at high levels, although occasionally these antibodies are absent. Cytological diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is possible using fine needle aspiration biopsy, but is only necessary if there is uncertainty over the cause of a nodular goitre.
Once congenital hypothyroidism is diagnosed by routine testing after birth, it is usual to initiate T4 immediately. Treatment can then be stopped without neurological consequences at age 3 to 4 years to establish whether life-long T4 replacement is necessary. At this time, the aetiology can be established by scintiscanning and/or ultrasound. Dyshormonogenesis, suspected when there is detectable thyroid tissue and a family history, requires specialized investigation to establish the diagnosis and increasingly this is possible by direct analysis of gene mutations. The commonest of these defects is Pendred's syndrome in which there are mutations in the pendrin gene (SLC26A4) encoding a chloride/iodide transporter present in the thyroid and cochlea, leading to goitre, mild hypothyroidism, and deafness. The thyroid abnormalities usually appear in the second or third decade, rather than at birth. The diagnosis can be made easily by the perchlorate discharge test, which shows an excessive decline of radioactivity in the thyroid when potassium perchlorate is given 2 to 3 h after allowing the thyroid to take up a tracer dose of radio-iodine.
In adult patients without heart disease and below the age of 60, treatment can begin with the estimated replacement dose of T4. If there is no remaining thyroid tissue (indicated by a very high TSH level and very low or undetectable free T4), the daily replacement dose is 1.6 µg T4/kg body weight, which is around 100 to 150 µg/day. In practice, the typical starting dose is 50 to 100 µg T4 daily, the lower dose being reserved for patients with mild to moderate biochemical abnormalities. Dosage changes should be based on TSH levels measured 2 to 3 months after starting treatment, the main goal of treatment being to normalize the TSH. A similar period is required to assess the effect of any change to the dosage, made as 25 or 50 µg increments or decrements depending on the degree of abnormality of the TSH. Treatment is usually straightforward, although if there is only partial thyroid failure when treatment is begun, the dose of T4 may require adjustment over many months.
Once on a full replacement dose, TSH levels should be checked annually. Fluctuating or elevated TSH levels in a previously stable patient, or T4 requirements in excess of 200 µg/day, usually indicate adherence problems. It is important to rule out malabsorption, including Helicobacter pylori infection, excessive soya intake, or drugs: cholestyramine, ferrous sulphate, lovastatin, aluminium hydroxide, rifampicin, amiodarone, carbamazepine, and phenytoin all alter the absorption or clearance of T4. A common cause for poor adherence is worsening angina. Optimization of antianginal treatment is then required, although some patients may simply prove intolerant of full T4 replacement if their coronary artery disease is extensive and irremediable. It is important to remind poorly adherent patients that, because of the long half-life of T4, missed tablets should always be taken and that this is safe. It should be emphasized that, in the absence of coronary artery disease, T4 has no adverse effects when given at doses that return TSH levels to normal.
In older patients or in individuals with heart disease, the usual starting dose is 25 µg T4 daily (or on alternate days when there is severe angina). Dosage should be increased slowly with increments of 12.5 to 25 µg T4. Proportionately higher doses of T4 are needed during the first year of life than in adults, and the starting daily dose of T4 for congenital hypothyroidism is 10 µg/kg body weight. There is a continuing debate on the benefit of T4 in subclinical hypothyroidism. It is reasonable to commence T4 when subclinical hypothyroidism is coupled with the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies, as there is a high risk of progression to overt hypothyroidism. Modest improvements in mental function and lipid levels occur when T4 is given to some patients with subclinical hypothyroidism, but long-term studies on the benefits of treatment have not been conducted. At present, it seems reasonable to offer a 3-month trial of T4 to thyroid peroxidase antibody-negative patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. If the patient notices an improvement in the symptoms which prompted thyroid function testing, T4 is continued, but is stopped if there is no benefit. All patients with subclinical hypothyroidism or positive thyroid peroxidase antibodies should be offered annual testing for the development of overt hypothyroidism.
Another problem is posed by the occasional patient with overt hypothyroidism who continues to feel unwell or who fails to lose weight after the TSH is normalized with T4 replacement. It can take around 3 months from achieving full replacement for all symptoms to disappear, and weight gained during hypothyroidism will generally only be lost by following an appropriate diet. It is sensible to ensure that the TSH level is in the lower half of the reference range and sometimes a small increment of T4 can achieve this, improving symptoms but not suppressing the TSH. Higher doses of T4 that suppress the TSH should be avoided, as there is an increased risk of atrial fibrillation due to subclinical thyrotoxicosis. The other recognized adverse effect of excessive T4 is a decrease in bone mineral density, particularly in postmenopausal women who have previously had hyperthyroidism and therefore already have a low skeletal mass. However, the changes in bone mineral density are modest and no increase in fracture rate has been reported as a result of T4 given at supraphysiological doses. There has been a revival of the concept that thyroid hormone replacement should consist of both T4 and T3, based on the observation that deiodinase activity varies between tissues, suggesting that in some organs the level of the active thyroid hormone, T3, is insufficient when only T4 is given. The short half-life of T3 makes it alone unsuitable for replacement and a recent meta-analysis of all trials to date has shown no evidence of any benefit from combined T4 and T3 treatment.
Treatment of myxoedema coma is a medical emergency (see Bullet list 3).
T4 treatment is usually life-long and, properly taken, restores normal health and lifespan. Occasional patients may discontinue T4 and remain euthyroid. Errors in initial diagnosis account for some of these; in others, a spontaneous decline in TSH receptor blocking antibody levels may be responsible. There is no easy means of ascertaining whether a patient continues to need T4, short of stopping it and measuring the TSH 6 weeks later. Because remission is uncommon and of uncertain duration, few endocrinologists attempt T4 withdrawal once started.
Untreated hypothyroidism impairs fertility and increases the risk of miscarriage. Children born to such mothers have varying degrees of intellectual impairment. It is therefore essential that T4 replacement is monitored closely in women with hypothyroidism who intend to become or who are pregnant. Ideally TSH and free T4 should be checked prior to conception, once pregnancy is confirmed, and at the beginning of the second and third trimesters. The requirement for T4 can increase by 50 to 100% during pregnancy but reverts to normal after delivery. There are no implications for breastfeeding.
Although present preparations of T3 and T4 have shown no additional benefit compared to T4 alone, development of a sustained release preparation of T3 could be worth assessment. Because hypothyroidism is frequent, routine screening of certain groups or even the entire population has been advocated (Bullet list 4), but the cost–benefit of setting up new screening programmes is unclear.
a Also measure thyroid peroxidase antibodies; screen euthyroid antibody-positive women 3 months postpartum for postpartum thyroiditis.
b It is also uncertain whether all pregnant women should be checked for thyroid peroxidase antibodies as predictors of postpartum thyroiditis.
If widely adopted, screening will turn up many individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism for whom the benefits of early treatment with T4 have not yet been fully established. Recent data show that there is an increased risk of miscarriage in thyroid peroxidase antibody-positive women who are euthyroid and this may be reduced by T4 treatment, but more work is needed to confirm this.


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Amax Potash Ltd v Saskatchewan [1977] 2 S.C.R. 576 is a leading case of the Supreme Court of Canada on the application and role of the Constitution of Canada.

Background
During the 1970s, one of Saskatchewan's biggest industry was potash mining. Much of it was run by American mining companies that would export it to the US. The recently elected New Democratic Party (NDP) provincial government of Allan Blakeney enacted the Mineral Taxation Act and the Potash Reserve Regulations that effectively taxed the companies for their mining.

The mining companies sought to reclaim the tax that they had paid over the years. They made a Constitutional challenge against the Act on the grounds that the taxes were ultra vires the authority of the provincial government as taxation of this type was a matter for the federal government.

The provincial government sought refuge under section 5(7) of the Saskatchewan Proceedings Against the Crown Act, which barred recovery in just such an event. It stated that "the province's liability is limited in respect of things done or omitted in the exercise of power or authority under an ultra vires enactment".

The issue before the Court was whether the immunity clause, exempting itself from paying back money gained through invalid law, was valid law.

Opinion of the Court
The Court found in favour of the mining companies. The government was attempting to circumvent section 52 of the Constitution by exempting itself from federalism.

In his reasoning, Dickson J. (as he was then) stated:
To allow moneys collected under compulsion, pursuant to an ultra vires statute, to be retained would be tantamount to allowing the provincial Legislature to do indirectly what it could not do directly, and by covert means to impose illegal burdens.
He concluded by stating:
The principle governing this appeal can be shortly and simply expressed in these terms: if a statute is found to be ultra vires the legislature which enacted it, legislation which would have the effect of attaching legal consequences to acts done pursuant to that invalid law must equally be ultra vires because it relates to the same subject-matter as that which was involved in the prior legislation. If a state cannot take by unconstitutional means it cannot retain by unconstitutional means.

Aftermath
Upon losing the case, Premier Blakeney met with the mining companies and threatened that the provincial government would take over the potash mining industry. Eventually, however, the companies and the government came to an agreement under which the government paid back only part of the taxes.

See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Laskin Court)

External links

Canadian federalism case law
Political history of Saskatchewan
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1977 in Canadian case law
Potash


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Yuamba
Home Sports The 50 best footballers of 2018: Does Luka Modric beat Cristiano Ronaldo...
The 50 best footballers of 2018: Does Luka Modric beat Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi?
THE 50 BEST FOOTBALLERS OF 2018: Who have been the top performing players on the planet this year?
As 2018 comes to an end, we can reflect on an iconic year for football, with France's World Cup victory dominating proceedings.
Elsewhere, Real Madrid claimed a record third successive Champions League title, while Manchester City set a Premier League record by reaching 100 points.
The entire Starsport online team has reflected on the year, and voted for their top 20 players, with the votes combined to make our top 50 best players in the world.
Last year and in 2016 Cristiano Ronaldo came out on top, although Lionel Messi was top dog in 2015.
Read on to find out who has been the best player in the world in 2018, and see who else made the top 50.
50 Marko Arnautovic (West Ham and Austria)
Reinvented as a striker, the former Stoke man has become one of the Premier League's hottest properties.
49 Marcos Alonso (Chelsea and Spain)
One of the best attacking full-backs in the Premier League, he survived the end of the Antonio Conte era and is a key man under Maurizio Sarri.
Leroy Sane has shone for Manchester City (Pic: GETTY)
48 Kyle Walker (Manchester City and England)
Deployed as a centre-back in the World Cup, Walker is at his best bombing down the flank and suits Pep Guardiola's attacking football down to a tee.
47 Giorgio Chiellini (Juventus and Italy)
Italy might not have made the World Cup, but the veteran centre-back has still enjoyed a vintage year with Juventus, winning another Serie A title.
46 Hugo Lloris (Tottenham and France)
The goalkeeper might have got in trouble for drink-driving but he remains crucial for club and country, captaining the French to World Cup glory in Russia.
45 Alisson (Liverpool and Brazil)
After standing out as Roma made the Champions League semi-finals, he impressed in the World Cup before becoming a key figure in Liverpool's current title challenge.
44 Sadio Mane (Liverpool and Senegal)
The electric winger may not have made too much of an impact in a poor team at the World Cup, but he goes from strength to strength in the Premier League.
43 Ivan Perisic (Inter Milan and Croatia)
The wily winger broke English hearts when he equalised in the World Cup semi-finals, and also scored a great goal in the final.
42 Alex Sandro (Juventus and Brazil)
Fast and powerful, the Juve left-back was key to their domestic double last season, and is one of the most coveted defenders in Europe.
41 Christian Eriksen (Tottenham and Denmark)
Often under-rated, the Spurs creator has a brilliant relationship with striker Harry Kane on the pitch, and he showcased his individual talent with a quality goal against Australia in the World Cup.
40 Leroy Sane (Manchester City and Germany)
The PFA Young Player of the Year in England was controversially snubbed from the Germany World Cup squad. They would later regret that, and he has bounced back this season.
39 Andrew Robertson (Liverpool and Scotland)
Despite the fact he is only 24, the energetic left-back is already captain of Scotland and has been exceptional in the Premier League this season.
38 Ederson (Manchester City and Brazil)
His distribution is probably the best seen of any goalkeeper in Premier League history. Has what it takes when it comes to shot-stopping too.
37 Son Heung-min (Tottenham and South Korea)
Always full of energy and verve, the Spurs forward scores some spectacular goals. By winning the Asian Games he earned exemption from military service.
Poland striker Robert Lewandowski is still lethal (Pic: GETTY)
36 Roberto Firmino (Liverpool and Brazil)
Operating as the central figure in the Reds' brilliant front three, Firmino has developed into a world-class all-round forward.
35 Toni Kroos (Real Madrid and Germany)
Scored a classy free-kick in the World Cup, a rare highlight amid a dismal tournament for the holders. His brilliance on the ball was crucial to Real's Champions League win too.
34 Wilfried Zaha (Crystal Palace and Ivory Coast)
After failing to make the cut at Manchester United a few years ago, the winger was written off by many. Now he is one of the Premier League's finest forwards.
33 Mauro Icardi (Inter Milan and Argentina)
Daftly left out of the Argentina squad, the Inter Milan captain scored 28 goals in Serie A last season and is an exceptional finisher.
32 Samuel Umtiti (Barcelona and France)
A hero for the French national team, his partnership with Raphael Varane was crucial to the World Cup victory and he headed home the winner in the semi-final against Belgium.
31 Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang (Arsenal and Gabon)
After arriving in the Premier League in January, the pacy striker has quickly become a fan favourite at the Emirates Stadium, and is scoring goals for fun.
30 Robert Lewandowski (Bayern Munich and Poland)
While things didn't work out for him or his team at the World Cup, the prolific striker is still brilliant for Bayern and is the Champions League top scorer this season.
29 Diego Godin (Atletico Madrid and Uruguay)
The battle-hardened defender was at his best as Atletico won the Europa League and Uruguay reached the World Cup quarter-finals.
28 Paul Pogba (Manchester United and France)
He has his detractors but at the World Cup the midfielder was inspirational, and the video of him talking to his team-mates before the final shows his incredible character.
27 Marco Reus (Borussia Dortmund and Germany)
His career has been blighted by injuries but this season he is running riot as a key figure in the Dortmund side who are top of the Bundesliga.
26 Marcelo (Real Madrid and Brazil)
Probably the best attacking left-back of the last 10 years, Marcelo was crucial again as Real won yet another Champions League title.
25 Edinson Cavani (PSG and Uruguay)
The all-action striker helped guide PSG to the title when team-mate Neymar was injured for the whole of the run in, and he was at his best during the World Cup.
Ivan Rakitic was brilliant for Croatia at the World Cup (Pic: GETTY)
24 Paulo Dybala (Juventus and Argentina)
A special talent, Dybala was hardly given a sniff at the World Cup, but for Juventus he has established himself as one of the best creative forwards around.
23 Gareth Bale (Real Madrid and Wales)
Now burdened with more responsibility in Cristiano Ronaldo's absence, the Welshman remains a specialist in spectacular strikes – none more so than his overhead kick in the Champions League final.
22 Mario Mandzukic (Juventus and Croatia)
Brilliant during the World Cup, and in Serie A this season, Mandzukic knocked England out in Russia before scoring at both ends in the final.
21 Jan Oblak (Atletico Madrid and Slovenia)
The massive shotstopper is now one of the best in the world with a stat emerging in October that he had kept more clean sheets than conceded goals in his Atletico career. Remarkable.
20 Ivan Rakitic (Barcelona and Croatia)
Overshadowed in the Croatia midfield by Luka Modric, the Barca man is a top class performer in his own right, and his goal against Tottenham at Wembley in the autumn was unbelievable.
19 Luis Suarez (Barcelona and Uruguay)
Some fans worried when Neymar left the Nou Camp in 2017, but Suarez's partnership with Lionel Messi has improved and the veteran striker remains lethal.
18 David De Gea (Manchester United and Spain)
His World Cup did not go to plan at all, but the agile United legend is still the top goalkeeper in the world right now. Some of his saves beggar belief.
17 Sergio Aguero (Manchester City and Argentina)
The prolific striker keeps racking up the numbers with City, and was Argentina's biggest threat during a dismal World Cup. Never suffers a run of bad form for his club.
16 Sergio Ramos (Real Madrid and Spain)
Love him or hate him – and for most it is the latter – nobody can deny that Ramos is a phenomenal centre-back and a natural-born winner.
15 Raheem Sterling (Manchester City and England)
Under Pep Guardiola, the winger has become one of the most reliable sources of goals in the Premier League – something that would have been unthinkable a few years ago.
14 David Silva (Manchester City and Spain)
The veteran creator is a genius, and his passing and dribbling skills are crucial to the way City play. Made mugs of Manchester United in November.
13 Virgil van Dijk (Liverpool and Netherlands)
The catalyst for the Reds' current title challenge, Van Dijk has also been great for his country – reaching the Nations League semi-finals after wins over France and Germany.
Neymar remains one of the world's best players (Pic: GETTY)
12 Harry Kane (Tottenham and England)
The England captain won the Golden Boot at the World Cup despite not performing at his best. For Spurs he remains prolific as ever and is growing into more of a leader all the time.
11 Antoine Griezmann (France and Atletico Madrid)
A key figure in the French frontline, Griezmann might not be as prolific as the likes of Messi and Ronaldo, but he has magic in his feet and scores some glorious goals when it matters most.
10 Neymar (PSG and Brazll)
He may have missed the Ligue 1 run-in with injury, but the Brazilian was crucial as his country reached the World Cup quarter-finals and has begun this season in Paris like a man desperate for Champions League glory.
9 N'Golo Kante (Chelsea and France)
Is there anything this man can't do? The all-action midfield ace who inspired both Leicester and Chelsea to Premier League titles was incredible as France won the World Cup.
8 Eden Hazard (Chelsea and Belgium)
In the first few months under Maurizio Sarri, Hazard has been at his dazzling best. Has kicked on from a great World Cup and is finally realising his full potential.
7 Raphael Varane (Real Madrid and France)
Not many players can say they've won the World Cup and Champions League in the same year, but the centre-back can – and his performances were crucial in both.
6 Kevin De Bruyne (Manchester City and Belgium)
To be labelled the best player in Manchester City's team of megastars is some accolade indeed, but that is exactly what De Bruyne has become.
5 Mohamed Salah (Liverpool and Egypt)
His first season at Anfield was incredible as he bagged 44 goals and helped reach the Champions League final. Even scored two in two for a terrible Egypt team at the World Cup.
4 Kylian Mbappe (PSG and France)
The heir apparent to Ballon d'Or collectors Messi and Ronaldo, Mbappe has already got one over the two legends by winning the World Cup. His potential is terrifying.
3 Luka Modric (Real Madrid and Croatia)
One of the best midfielders of the century, Modric's passing guided Real to Champions League glory before he excelled for his nation as they reached the World Cup final.
2 Cristiano Ronaldo (Juventus and Portugal)
Champions League winner, hat-trick scorer at the World Cup and now the most dangerous striker in Serie A, it has been another classic year for the Portuguese icon.
1 Lionel Messi (Barcelona and Argentina)
It might not have happened for him at the World Cup, but at Barcelona his performances remain incomparable as he continues to set new goalscoring landmarks on an almost weekly basis.
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Must Children Attend Obesity Treatment with Parents to Be Effective?
Childhood overweight or obesity is associated with negative health outcomes and family-based obesity treatment delivered to both children and parents is considered to be effective. But do children need to attend obesity treatment with parents for it to be effective?
A new article published by JAMA Pediatrics examined whether parent-based treatment (PBT) without their children was as effective as family-based weight loss treatment (FBT) that is provided to parents and children.
Kerri N. Boutelle, Ph.D., of the University of California, San Diego, and coauthors measured child weight loss over 24 months, as well as other outcomes including parent weight loss, child and parent calorie intake and physical activity, and parenting style. The randomized clinical trial was conducted at the University of California, San Diego, and included 150 overweight and obese children (ages 8 to 12) and their parent.
Both FBT and PBT included nutrition and physical activity recommendations, parenting skills and behavior modification strategies. The only difference was the attendance, or not, of the child at 20 group meetings and behavioral coaching sessions over six months.
PBT was as effective on child weight loss, with children in both PBT and FBT experiencing decreases in body mass index (BMI) z scores by the end of the treatment (-0.25 BMI z score after six months) that was largely sustained throughout the 18-month assessment that followed, according to the results.
PBT also was as effective on child and parent calorie intake and physical activity. While PBT was as effective as FBT on parent weight outcomes at the 6-month follow-up, parents in PBT gained more weight over time, the article reports. Both interventions affected parenting style and feeding behavior similarly, suggesting that child attendance at treatment is not necessary to achieve similar outcomes.
Among the limitations of the study are that it didn't include a placebo control intervention.
"This study provides sound empirical evidence supporting a PBT model for the delivery of childhood obesity treatment. Given the high rates of obesity in children, PBT is a model that could be used to provide treatment to a greater proportion of the population," the article concludes.
For more details and to read the full study, please visit the For The Media website.