Ewing spends her days focusing on funds' corporate governance and believes this is an area which is receiving more attention. While she says "it's done properly in Guernsey", Ewing adds that the jurisdiction must keep up to speed with regulatory changes on the corporate governance front. "We know that the success of a fund relies so heavily on what the service providers do for it," she says.


49345 Winchester Ct - Completely remodeled stunning end unit condo! Brand new kitchen with custom soft close cabinets, quartz counters, custom recess lighting, skylite, undermount cabinet lighting, undermount stainless sink and all new appliances! The bathrooms are remodeled and include comfort height toilets, new vanity and quartz counters. Custom hardware everywhere! The master suite has a walk in closet and private full bath also remodeled! Plantation shutters, oh and dont forget the hardwood floors (real full hardwood) thru every room excluding the baths and first floor laundry which has a full walk in pantry and another closet. This condo has crown molding everywhere and has been completely painted. The basement is spacious, dry and ready for finishing if you would like. The garage is 2 car side by side. Wonderful patio area for morning coffee or just relaxing. Plenty of storage and a wonderful community. Close to shopping, medical professionals and hospitals.


Larger cities with higher base transmission potentials have more diffuse influenza epidemics.
HealthDay News — Population density and structure may impact the length of the influenza season regardless of climatic conditions, according to a study published in the Oct. 5 issue of Science.
Benjamin D. Dalziel, PhD, from Oregon State University in Corvallis, and colleagues examined the impact of population size and structure on influenza incidence among cities. Weekly incidence data were examined from 603 US regions of varying size and with varying structures, including transportation patterns.


JDMbits: New Arrival: Garage Vary Panel And Lights!
New Arrival: Garage Vary Panel And Lights!
so to be fitted on the JDMbits Miata.
for Mazda Mx5 Miata NA 89 to 98.
so I had to look for alternatives, easier to get.
plus the do have a nice polished ring outside.
but they are at less than half the price of the original.


Mix with Berlin's pretty young things at this cool and quirky design hotel, a local landmark that dates back to the late 19th century.
The original Hotel Zoo was one of the few buildings in Berlin to survive the Second World War unscathed, and gained a reputation as a hangout for the rich and the famous. In 2014 the hotel was relaunched following an extensive refit by designer Dayna Lee, and the über-stylish décor evokes the glamour of both the roaring twenties and the hotel's Hollywood heyday.
This is a great choice for socialites, with a real party vibe at the weekends, and the central location is ideal for sightseeing, shopping and sampling Berlin's legendary nightlife. It's also an open-minded and welcoming establishment, popular with the LGBT crowd.
Includes return economy flights. Two people sharing a room for 3 nights, departing in November 2018. Contact us for your specific requirements. From price for guidance only, all subject to availability.
Hotel Zoo enjoys a prime location on the Kurfürstendamm, Berlin's longest and best known shopping street. This area is full of high end boutiques, cafés, bars and restaurants, and you're only a short stroll from the famous KaDeWe department store.
It's about a 10-minute walk to Berlin Zoo, and beyond it the vast expanse of the Tiergarten, the German capital's most popular green space. On the eastern edge of the park you'll find landmarks including the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building and Potsdamer Platz.
LGBT-friendly nightlife is on offer citywide, but the Schöneberg district is Berlin's best-known gay quarter, about 20 minutes' walk from the hotel. Other nearby sights include the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, with its bomb-damaged spire left unrepaired as a poignant reminder of the horrors of war.
Hotel Zoo's 144 rooms and suites combine a trendy townhouse aesthetic with a dash of 1920s glamour. All rooms come equipped with an LCD TV, WiFi, Nespresso machine, mini bar and safe, and many of the suites have a free-standing bathtub.
Facilities include a well-equipped gym, and a concierge service that can arrange tours and excursions. Hotel Zoo is a lively, sociable place, and the open air Wintergarden is a popular spot to hang out, with a large fireplace to keep you warm on cooler evenings. The rooftop bar and lounge offers spectacular views of the Berlin skyline, and DJs set the mood with the latest club tracks.
The Grace Restaurant serves high end cuisine in a relaxed setting, with small plates available for sharing and an outdoor terrace when the weather is good. The glamorous cocktail bar evokes the hotel's film star heyday, and DJs get things moving at the weekend.
The Hotel Zoo was originally constructed as a private residence in 1889, and retains the feel of an elegant townhouse. In the 1950s it became the official VIP hotel for the Berlin International Film Festival, playing host to stars such as Sofia Loren. The hotel's modern décor pays tribute to this era, with references to classic Hollywood set design, and guests entering the lift might even find themselves ambushed by the flashing cameras of the paparazzi!
Many direct flights are available from the UK to Berlin including with low-cost carriers like easyJet and Ryanair. Flying time is approximately 1 hour and 50 minutes.
The transfer from Berlin Tegel (TXL) airport takes approximately 20 minutes. Let us know if you would like this to be included within your holiday package.


Popular before the 20th century with soldiers and travels because they were light weight and unbreakable, this leather tankard is coated with wax to waterproof it. If the mug gets bent or crushed and the seal is broken, simply melt a white candle and reseal the tankard.
Bottom of Leather Tankard showing stitching. The areas of white is wax.


The Peg Perego Walk'n Play Jumper is a sturdy walker with an electronic play centre in non-deformable material, which is height-adjustable in 5 positions. With the Jumper in place, the springing becomes stronger. It has a wide base, to guarantee maximum stability, and the four double swivelling castors make moving around easier. It has a wide tray and a cushioned seat that is washable and non-toxic, for your baby's maximum comfort. Completed with a practical play centre that fits on the tray. When closed it is really compact and takes up little space.
The high chair with a double tray that folds up easily.
Prima Pappa Diner is the most popular Peg Perego highchair. It folds away compactly and comes with a double tray, that can be set at two different heights. It is designed both for din-dins and for a quick nap, as the backrest can be reclined into 4 different positions.
Despite being Peg Perego entrylevel and youngest highchair, Prima Pappa Zero3 is able to offer all the functions and qualities of its older brothers. Ultralight and multifunctional, it growths with your child from 0 to 3 years of age: during the first few months of life it can be used as a comfortable, relaxing reclined cradle, as from 6 months as a highchair for eating and playing, and later on, without the tray, to eat at the table with the grownups.
Prima Pappa Zero3 has 7 different height positions.
Double transparent tray with removable, dishwasherproof top section.
The 5 point safety strap and anatomic crotch strap retain your child in complete safety.
Handy opening and closing buttons.
Extremely compact when closed, it can even stand alone.
The multipurpose baby seat that is so much more than a high chair.
Simplify your home by replacing three pieces of gear to meet every phase of a child's life, from newborn to toddler. This unit transforms into a baby recliner, baby swing or high chair and can be rolled throughout the house.
Your baby will lounge comfortably in the Tilt-n-space reclining seat. The height adjustments are quite handy to align your baby to your level whether sitting at the table, couch or floor. The dishwasher safe double tray makes clean up a breeze after diner or snack time. The Tatamia will be an asset to any home.
Made in Italy All Peg Perego baby products are Made in Italy. From concept, to creation, every step in the process is performed by Peg Perego and no one else.
From 0 to 36 months. Tatamia may be used as a comfortable recliner, a relaxing swing, and a multifunctional, ultra-compact high chair.
TATAMIA. IT'S WORTH MORE BECAUSE IT GIVES YOU MORE.
Tatamia is Peg Perego's latest multifunctional and ultra-compact highchair that follows your child's growth: during the first few months it may be used as a comfortable recliner and a relaxing swing; as from 6 months, it may be used as a highchair, for eating, playing or napping; when the child grows up, the tray can be removed, enabling the child to sit at the table with the grown-ups.
Tatamia comes with an innovative Stop & Go brake system: 2 manual commands unblock the wheels, enabling the highchair to be moved with ease; when the commands are released, the highchair is blocked once more. The seat, which can be adjusted into 9 different heights, together with an anatomic front bar and a reclinable backrest (4 positions), make for considerable flexibility, guaranteeing maximum safety and comfort at all times.
It folds away compactly and it is designed both for din-dins and a quick nap, as the backrest can be reclined into 4 different positions. A 5-point harness and anatomic leg divider keep the child safely secured.
The safety and style of the Primo Viaggio car seat, now available as a Convertible. The Primo Viaggio SIP 5-65 Convertible Car Seat follows child from infancy through toddlerhood by converting from a rear-facing to a forward-facing car seat. Provides maximum safety and adjustable Side Impact Protection. It is made with the highest quality of materials, providing complete safety and peace of mind to parents of little ones. It offers added safety features like adjustable Side Impact Protection (SIP), a Shock Absorbing Foam Element (SAFE) device and Expanded Poly Styrene (EPS) energy-absorbing foam. Can be used rear facing for children 5 to 45 lbs. and forward facing for children 22 to 70 lbs. Side Impact Protection protects child's head, neck and spine. This car seat easily adjusts to 10 different positions, even with child in the seat, ensuring the best and safest fit. Energy-absorbing foam, Expanded Poly Styrene, in shell and head panel protects child's head and torso from impact forces. A Shock Absorbing Foam Element device located below the shell crumples upon impact, reducing stress on child's neck and shoulders in the event of a crash.
Contoured Steel Back Plate minimizes flexing and reduces forward movement. Quick-Release, Five-Point Safety Harness made with a 'cobblestone' webbing of extra-strong polyester thread; equipped with shoulder pads and chest clip. Contoured Base provides extra stability in any seating position. Top Tether Hook increases stability in forward-facing mode and limits forward movement. LATCH connectors add stability and are easy to reposition for rear-facing and forward-facing installation. Superior quality Fresco Jersey fabric found in head panel and removable cushion is easy to clean, breathable and absorbs moisture - keeping child cool and comfortable. Wide padded seat includes a specially shaped, removable cushion for newborns to be used until the baby reaches 22 lbs. Made in Italy.
Legal Statements: This and all items from Peg Perego are excluded from all promotions and discounts except where otherwise noted on product detail pages.
An extremely handy stroller, for all your outdoor needs.
Sì is an extremely handy Peg Perego stroller designed for every mother's outdoor needs. It can be closed with one hand, through its practical umbrella fold-up mechanism, while the lacquered aluminium chassis makes it light but very sturdy.
The stroller folds up compactly and stands upright when folded. The side handle makes it easy to carry.
The stroller comes with a cover, hood and rain canopy.
Furthermore, it is extremely easy to manoeuvre due to its 12 ball bearings.
The stroller folds up compactly and stands upright when folded.
Wheels (ø 16 cm - 18 cm) with shock absorbers.
The backrest may be reclined into 3 positions.
May be closed with one hand.
Make the Switch...to the modular, reversible stroller that allows baby to face you or the world ahead! New four-wheel design with 12 ball bearings and suspension allows for a smoother ride and enhanced maneuverability.
PLIKO P3 COMPACT CLASSICO. IT'S WORTH MORE BECAUSE IT GIVES YOU MORE.
All wheel suspension, swivel front wheels, new one touch rear wheel brakes. 4 position back rest, 2 position foot rest. Built-in footboard provides safe for 2nd child. Spacious basket. Removable, hand washable upholstery. Ergonomic handles with comfort padding, height adjustable. Retractable car seat anchors instantly attach matching car seat (sold separately).
PLIKO SWITCH COMPACT. IT'S WORTH MORE BECAUSE IT GIVES YOU MORE.
Pliko Switch Compact is a reversible compact stroller, which can be used facing the mother or facing outwards.
Its umbrella fold-up mechanism works with the seat fastened in place in either position. This is undoubtedly one of our most practical strollers, enabling mothers to keep an eye on their little ones without denying them the pleasure of investigating their surroundings when they are a little older.
The stroller comes with numerous accessories: a cover, hood and rain canopy.
Automatic attachment system for the matching Navetta XL bassinet and the Primo Viaggio Tri-Fix car seat, available separately.
Front bumper hinges open for access to baby or removes for toddlers.
Height adjustable handles with rubber insert.
Holder for baby?s bottle or parent's drink.
Cover with pocket for warming hands.
Wheels with suspension, swiveling or locking at the front, with central brake at the rear.
The child's favorite toy can be hung from the hood.
PLIKO MINI. IT'S WORTH MORE BECAUSE IT GIVES YOU MORE.
The sky is the limit. With Pliko Mini there are no limits to your outdoor adventures.
The very idea of a folding stroller was born with its older brother Pliko. Now Pliko Mini is taking things a step further. It can be with you when you go to kindergarten, when you're shopping and when you are getting in and out of the car. Its compact size, light weight and great practicality will offer you infinite freedom. If you're planning on chasing kites, clouds or butterflies during the weekend, Pliko Mini can be with you.
Pliko Mini provides a suitable restraint system with its five-point seat belts, but from now on it will also be possible for mothers of babies accessories their beloved Pliko Mini with the standard front bar.
The front bar is not required (Pliko Mini is obviously certified and approved!), but it can be useful for a further guarantee of "restraint", especially for certain age ranges or with particularly lively little ones.


According to the 2009 African Governance Report (AGR II), by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), many democracies in Africa are suffering from an authoritarian hangover. Many African countries adopted the system of democracy because it enjoys global endorsement as the best form of government and panacea for underdevelopment. But it is a truism that development in Africa remains impeded. This is because many African leaders are ignorant and negligent of the philosophical principles upon which democracy is formed. This paper seeks to discuss, within an African framework, the link between democracy and development. The clamour for democracy all over the globe is not accidental. Those who go about agitating for democracy are convinced that no society desirous of development can ignore democracy. The democratic experience of developed nations lends credence to the truth of this claim. There is a close link between democracy and development. This is not to say that a country cannot develop without democracy, but where both exist, the outcomes are better.
Ifoh, Ugochukwu M. (2016) "Democracy and Development in Africa: What Africans Require," Young African Leaders Journal of Development: Vol. 1 , Article 11.


Ghanaian HIV positive lady, Joyce Dzidzor Mensah has reacted to backlash she received after sharing a video showing her kissing a German man.
The video which went viral saw so many Ghanaians accusing her of spreading HIV intentionally, with one accuser stating that that was how she killed her husband.
Well, the HIV positive lady has now responded to the backlash via Facebook.
"Gyimifour you think Germany is a lawless country like Africa where someone with HIV virus will deliberately line up men to infect them. It is a criminal offence to infect someone with HIV and one can end up in prison for such act.


Oasis Water Purification Tablets are effervescent NaDCC tablets which purify water to make it safe to drink. They kill micro organisms in water to prevent dysentery, diarrhoea, cholera and other water borne diseases.
Oasis Water Purification Tablets are Halal Certified and audited against Halal standards.
Hydrachem is listed by NSF International and its Oasis range of Water Purification Tablets are certified to NSF Standard 60. Hydrachem manufactures in the United Kingdom to GMP standards.
Visit the Oasis Water Purification Tablets microsite for further information.
Oasis Water Purification Tablets are also available under 'Oasis Home' branding for household water treatment and purification at 2ppm. More information can be found at the Oasis Water Purification Tablets site.


This recipe makes a lot and takes some time, but the result is well worth the fuss. An extra pan can be successfully frozen, but if you really don't want that many rolls, just halve the recipe (When you taste how good these are, though, you'll wish you had made more). Most of the time is inactive. If you're making them for a specific event, you should plan ahead. Be forewarned, however; the dough can be downright ornery and rise slower or faster than you anticipate.
In a large mixing bowl, stir together the starter, water and flour. Cover and let sit at room temperature overnight or about 8 hours.
To the sponge add 1/2 cup water and let sit for about 10 minutes. Add the sugar, butter, milk, and eggs and mix well with an electric mixer, using the paddle. (The butter may not be well incorporated, but don't worry; if it's room temperature, it will mix into the flour.) Start adding the flour, about a cup at a time, until the dough is sticky but cleans the sides of the bowl. Change to a dough hook and knead for about 5 minutes. Add the salt and knead a couple minutes more.
Place dough into a well buttered bowl, cover and let rise in a warm place for about two hours or until doubled. Punch down on a lightly floured surface and divide in half. Briefly knead each half into a round and let rest about 5 minutes.
Meanwhile, prepare two 13- x 9-inch baking pans. Cover the bottoms with 1/4 cup of the melted butter in each. Mix the sugar and cinnamon and sprinkle each pan with 2 tablespoons of the sugar.
Roll out one round of dough into a 9- x 15-inch rectangle. Brush top with 1/4 cup of the melted butter, being sure to spread to edges. Sprinkle with 3/4 cup of the sugar, then half the nuts and half the fruit. Starting with the 15-inch edge, roll the dough as tightly as possible, pinching together the edges. Slice into 10 slices and place in prepared pan. Repeat with second half of dough. Cover pans with a wet kitchen towel and allow to rise until doubled, about two hours.
Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Bake for 25 to 30 minutes, or until nicely browned. Cool.
Mix together cheese, butter, vanilla and powdered sugar. Add milk or cream a tablespoon at a time until frosting is a loose spreading consistency. It can be squiggled over the rolls with a plastic squeeze bottle or spread haphazardly with a spatula. You don't want to cover the rolls completely.
If you want to freeze one panful, remove from pan before frosting, wrap in plastic wrap, then aluminum foil, then place in freezer bag. Frost when rolls are thawed.
Unfrozen rolls will stay fresh longer than rolls made with commercial yeast. Wrap tightly and store in refrigerator.
Note: Joan Harvey adapted this recipe from Nicki's Cinnamon Buns from Heaven, a recipe so popular it was run four times in The Oregonian in the 1980s and featured on the cover of the book "Best American Recipes of 2000" by Fran McCullough and Suzanne Hamlin. It was originally created by Nicki Cross.


If you've scored very high on Drink Checker, don't worry - many people are surprised to see their level of drinking is at the high risk or possibly dependent level. On the other hand, this may not come as a surprise and you may have been worrying about this for some time.
Your body is also at much greater risk of liver disease, cancer and alcohol dependence.
If you feel you can't manage without drinking alcohol, you may be experiencing signs of alcohol dependence. Alcohol dependence is a spectrum and you may go through periods of managing not to drink at all, but then needing to drink a lot. This can happen in cycles, but is a sign you may need some support around your drinking.
What does alcohol dependency mean?
The word 'dependent' is loaded with stigma, as well as feelings of shame. However, if you feel you can't manage without drinking alcohol, your body may be dependent on alcohol and you may feel you can't cope without drinking. Alcohol dependency is simply a physiological and psychological need for alcohol in order to cope or function, ranging from mild to severe.
The majority of dependent drinkers eventually stop drinking - however it is not easy and does not always happen successfully at the first attempt.
There are many reasons why some people find they are dependent on alcohol. Some people have always drunk heavily and simply find that their lives no longer tolerate this. Others may have started drinking more heavily after a significant life event, such as a bereavement, divorce or loss of a job.
Some people may have a history of alcohol dependence in their family. Some may have experienced childhood trauma of some kind and started to drink earlier than usual.
There is no single picture of alcohol dependency - everyone is individual and fortunately with the right support, everyone can recover.
If you're drinking heavily you may find that talking to someone helps you to get some perspective, identify choices and help you to cut down or stop.
Counselling with an alcohol counsellor is usually weekly for 45 minutes to an hour and is usually for 6-8 weeks but can be longer. It can be face-to-face or over the telephone or via skype.


SCRIP is the easiest way to raise funds that go into your student's SIA (Student Individual Account) throughout the entire year. Using SCRIP, it is possible to raise the whole amount needed for the year's band or guard fees without spending a cent and without having to sell anything. What a deal!!
This is the way SCRIP works: You purchase gift cards for the goods and services that you already use, paying face value (groceries, gas, clothing, restaurants, etc.). The Boosters get the gifts cards from the SCRIP vendor for some percentage less than the face value. Most of that savings (90%) goes into your student's SIA. It's that easy.
HERE is a pdf filled with all sorts of information about the Scrip program.
Fill out the SCRIP Agreement Form from Carroll Band Programs, and send it by postal or e-mail to the SCRIP coordinator.
Here is the Scrip Program Agreement Form.
Go to www.shopwithscrip.com to register your family Online.
Afterwards, you will have the option of signing up for PrestoPay! which will allow you to order and pay Online; and that means no mailing or extra trip to drop off a payment.
If you prefer, you can pay by check by dropping it off or sending it to the SCRIP coordinator by the due date.


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Updated on October 18, 2017 4:48pm EDT
This Oil Stock Is Thriving Through Innovation
After several years of hard work driving down costs and repositioning its portfolio, Canadian shale driller Encana (NYSE: ECA) announced its return to growth mode last fall by unveiling a new five-year plan. Underpinning that strategy was a vast inventory of premium return drilling locations across four core shale plays, which the company believed could grow production and cash flow at a rapid rate as long as crude averaged $55 per barrel. However, thanks to continued innovation and efficiency gains, Encana recently updated its five-year plan, which shows it becoming a cash flow machine in the coming years even if oil doesn't budge.
Last October, Encana outlined its five-year growth potential at its investor day. The shale driller noted that it had built up an inventory nearly of 10,000 premium return well locations across four core regions, which Encana defined as those that could deliver a 35% after-tax rate of return at $50 oil. While that was below the rate of return EOG Resources' (NYSE: EOG) premium wells would earn at that level, it was still high enough to fuel significant growth over the five-year plan. Encana anticipated that it was on pace to increase cash flow 300% by 2021 as a result of drilling these higher-margin wells, which would double its corporate margin as production rose 60%. All the company needed to meet this goal was for oil to average $55 per barrel, which would enable it to start living within cash flow by 2018.
However, thanks to continued innovation and exceptional well results, Encana is well ahead of the pace of that plan. In fact, the company announced last quarter that it could achieve cash flow breakeven at just $50 a barrel. Due to that step-change in improvement, the company updated its five-year plan at this year's investor day. The most noteworthy change is that the company is further shifting its focus toward cash flow growth as opposed to just increasing production, which is the focus of most rivals these days. As such, Encana's aim in the next five years is to grow cash flow at a 25% compound annual growth rate, which will enable the company to generate a whopping $1.5 billion in cumulative free cash flow by 2022 as long as oil averages $50 a barrel. That excess cash gives the company plenty of options, including further improvements to an already strong balance sheet, boosting its paltry dividend, or buying back stock.
How technology is driving the thriving
While Encana's prime acreage positions across several top-tier shale regions are playing a critical role in its ability to thrive at lower oil prices, that's only part of the story. Another crucial factor is the company's culture of innovation, which is helping it to get more oil and gas out of the ground for less money. The driller has collected a massive amount of proprietary data from its wells over the years, which it's using to design models for the shale reservoirs below its acreage. It then develops a customized solution to optimize recovery from each region.
For example, one of its latest developments is "the cube" in the multilayer Permian Basin. Under this approach, the company uses large multiwell pads to drill tightly spaced, stacked wells that target each formation. By drilling all the wells in the section at one time, instead of the old method of drilling a few wells per section initially and then going back and completing in-fill wells at a later date, the company can more uniformly develop each section. This approach minimizes the risk that newer wells underperform older ones due to a depleting reservoir, which helps optimize recovery and maximize returns.
These technological advances also helped Encana increase its inventory of premium return locations without acquiring more acreage. When the company started last fall, it had 9,280 premium locations out of a total of roughly 20,000 future wells. However, by converting more of those to premium through further innovation gains, Encana now has 11,070 premium wells remaining even after drilling more than 200 over the past year. That's similar to EOG Resources, which has grown its premium drilling inventory from 3,200 locations last February to 7,200 this past May, due in part to "applying industry-leading technology and geoscience to our acreage," which is enabling the company to drill longer, more tightly spaced wells. Because of these increasing inventories, both companies can continue growing at a rapid pace well after their current plans end, while also potentially accelerating their rate if the price of oil rises.
Moving into an elite class
Thanks to the innovation gains over the past year, Encana can deliver double-digit growth in production and cash flow for the next five years as long as oil averages $50 a barrel. That puts it into a select group of oil stocks that can thrive at that low price point. Investors seeking a low-risk, high growth oil stock should take a closer look at Encana because its five-year plan puts it in position to create tremendous value even if oil doesn't recover, with accelerated upside potential if it does.
10 stocks we like better than EncanaWhen investing geniuses David and Tom Gardner have a stock tip, it can pay to listen. After all, the newsletter they have run for over a decade, Motley Fool Stock Advisor, has tripled the market.*
David and Tom just revealed what they believe are the 10 best stocks for investors to buy right now... and Encana wasn't one of them! That's right -- they think these 10 stocks are even better buys.
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Matthew DiLallo has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We present evidence that although students' mathematical skills in introductory calculus-based physics classes may not be readily applied in physics contexts, these students have strong mathematical resources on which to build effective instruction. Our evidence is based on clinical interviews of problem solving in electrostatics, which are analyzed using the framework of Sherin's symbolic forms. We find that students use notions of "dependence" and "parts-of-a-whole" to successfully guide their work, even in novel situations. We also present evidence that students' naive conceptions of the limit may prevent them from viewing integrals as sums.
Meredith, Dawn C. and Marrongelle, Karen A., (2008). How students use mathematical resources in an electrostatics context. American Journal of Physics, 76, 570-578.


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Data protection law is not straightforward, and if you are in any doubt you should take professional advice.


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Tag Archives: George III
Fanny Burney: Novelist and Diarist
For today's post, I want to return to one of the books I mentioned in my summer 2017 round-up, a biography of Fanny Burney (1752-1840) to talk about her in a little more detail. I have had a long acquaintance the novelist and diarist. As I mentioned previously, a novel called A Coach for Fanny Burney by Florence Bone (1938) captured my interest as a teenager. At the time, I had no idea who she was, it was the title that caught my attention (I can't say it was the cover as the hardback book had long since lost its dust jacket). That book was still tucked away on a shelf in my mum's spare room, so it came to mind instantly when I spotted Claire Harman's Fanny Burney: A Biography (Harper Collins, 2000) at last year's Trinity Book Sale. We could digress at this point and discuss the inevitability of another of my TBS finds finding its way into a blog post, and how this is not actually tackling the TBR Pile proper, but we won't.
As Fanny Burney came to know everyone who was anyone in eighteenth century literary society (see pictures of Hester Thrale and Samuel Johnson below), she has tended to pop up in other people's biographies, but this is the first detailed account of her life that I have read. It is a veritable tome indeed but a very readable one at that, covering Burney's eventful life and times. She could have been a heroine in a novel herself; she married an emigre French aristocrat and soldier Alexandre d'Arblay with whom she lived on a shoestring until d'Arblay had the opportunity to return home to attempt to serve the new regime and reclaim a portion of his property. This resulted in the couple being unable to leave post-revolutionary France for ten years. One story that most impressed me when I first heard it was that in her later years, Fanny heroically underwent a mastectomy without anaesthetic. It almost doesn't bear thinking about, but the redoubtable Fanny lived to tell the tale and left an account of it for posterity into the bargain.
Fanny Burney wrote four novels, Evelina (1778), Cecilia (1782), Camilla (1796) and The Wanderer (1814), several plays and also edited her musician father's memoirs (1832). Her letters and diaries were not published until after her death, the earliest edition edited by her niece Charlotte Barrett and running to six volumes (1842-6). A more recent and comprehensive edition comprises twelve volumes (edited by Joyce Hemlow et al, 1972-1984) in a project yet unfinished. Claire Harman discusses the reliability of Burney's diaries, her editorship of her father's papers and the vast quantity of the Burney family's archives which include letters from her siblings. Harman talks about Fanny's phenomenal recall for events and conversations, but also acknowledges that she carefully presented a certain image of herself and her family. The family came from relatively humble origins, as expressed in Hester Thrale's damming comment, 'The Burneys are I believe a very low Race of Mortals', furthermore, Fanny was 'not a Woman of Fashion'. At this point Dr Burney taught music to Mrs Thrale's daughter, but in later years Fanny attempted to gloss over parts of her family history.
Claire Harman's biography is so comprehensive that I thought I would take a quick look at one episode of Fanny Burney's life for this blog post. As both the British and Irish press have been talking about British royal weddings lately, I decided to cast an eye over Burney's brush with royalty. She was appointed Second Keep of the Robes to Queen Charlotte, a post that naturally was supposed to be seen as an honour to her and her family. Fanny was not initially keen and only agreed to the appointment for her family's sake. The appointment came about after Fanny made the King and Queen's acquaintance through Mrs Mary Delaney, a highly cultured woman who was well-regarded by the royal couple. The first time she met George III, he had called unannounced to visit Mrs Delaney and Fanny later described what happened in a letter, likening the incident to a scene in a drama,
It seemed to me we were acting in a play. There is something so little like common and real life, in everybody's standing, while talking, in a room full of chairs, and standing, too, so aloof from each other, that I almost thought myself upon a stage, assisting in the representations of a tragedy, …
Fanny went on to describe the various roles in this drama, adding her own part as that of 'a very solemn, sober, and decent mute'.
Even before Fanny was offered her court position, she was having fun with the niceties of court etiquette. This is a snippet from 'Directions for coughing, sneezing, or moving, before the King and Queen' which she wrote and sent to her sister Hetty in December 1785.
In the first place, you must not cough. If you find a cough tickling in your throat, you must arrest it from making any sound; if you find yourself choking with the forbearance, you must choke – but not cough.
In the second place, you must not sneeze. If you have vehement cold, you must take no notice of it; if you nose-membranes feel a great irritation, you must hold your breath; if a sneeze still insists upon making its way, you must oppose it, by keeping your teeth grinding together; if the violence of the repulse breaks some blood-vessel, you must break the blood-vessel – but not sneeze…
Fanny goes on to explain that you must not 'stir either hand or foot' even if by terrible bad luck 'a black pin runs into your head, you must not take it out…'
I suppose we can only assume that things have changed for the better in court circles since Fanny's time. When her court appointment was offered, considered and reluctantly accepted, Fanny's new position paid her £200 a year, she had apartments in Windsor Castle and a footman. Fanny was allowed to have family and close friends to visit but her own freedom to travel was curtailed. Fanny was to be at court for five years, before begging her father to arrange her release from duties. Fanny likened her new commitment to marriage in a letter to her sister Susan saying,
I was averse to forming the union, and I endeavoured to escape it, but my friends interfered – they prevailed – and the knot is tied. What then now remains but to make the best wife in my power? I am bound to it in duty, and I will strain every nerve to succeed.
Fanny's tenure coincided with the period of George III's 'madness', though that is too large a topic to cover in this post. Suffice to say that Fanny was a first-hand witness of signs of his imminent recovery, when she accidentally encountered him walking with Dr Willis and his attendants one morning. Fanny was apprehensive as the King had been violent at the height of his illness, but he greeted her and questioned her about recent news saying, 'I have lived so long out of the world, I know nothing!' as Fanny recorded it. He also kissed her on the cheek, a great lapse of protocol. The whole experience was the 'severest personal terror' to Fanny Burney who did not know what to expect. However, she was able to pass to the queen this encouraging report (though as Harman remarks, Fanny no doubt kept the royal embrace to herself).
I will leave Fanny Burney's court life there, but I hope I have said enough to pique your interest in her life and work. I have to confess that despite reading about Fanny Burney and her literary circle over the years, I have not yet read one of her novels. Another item on my virtual TBR Pile, to go with the actual TBR Pile groaning upstairs!
I hope your 2018 reading is proving fruitful so far. Do let me know what you are reading!
Posted in Biography/Memoir Tagged Claire Harman, Fanny Burney, George III, Hester Thrale, Queen Charlotte


We investigate how the genetic risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD) relates to saving behavior. Using nationally representative data from the 1992-2014 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we find that genetic predisposition for AD correlates with, but is not causally related to older individuals' wealth holdings. People with higher Alzheimer's Disease polygenic risk score (PGS) hold roughly 9 percent more wealth in CDs (hands-off assets) and around 11 percent, 15 percent, and 7 percent less wealth in stocks, IRAs, and other financial assets (hands-on assets) respectively. We explore three hypotheses that could explain these correlations. We hypothesize that people with high risk of AD choose different portfolios because: (i) they know their polygenic risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease and related dementia, (ii) they have lower cognitive capacity, and (iii) the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) process that generated the Alzheimer's Disease PGS failed to fully account for the aging process. Our extended model results do not support the first two hypotheses. Consistent with the third hypothesis, the interaction between age and the Alzheimer's Disease PGS explains the correlation between genetic traits and asset holdings.