text:
Dear Theophilus
If the whole universe has no meaning, we should never have found out that it has no meaning. –C. S. Lewis
This is the post excerpt.
Most Biblical scholars think Theophilus (Luke 1:3) was a real person. I do not. I think Theophilus is a sobriquet for all lovers of God, which I have taken to be applicable to anyone searching for truth, willing to listen to truth, or at least overhear a search for or conversation about truth, even from an unlikely place with farfetched ideas about truth.
If you are such a lover of God, welcome. I am eager to discover who might be interested in overhearing my search for truth–my reflections, my wandering thoughts. In anticipation of you, I address my musings to…
Dear Theophilus,
Author Robert HerronPosted on September 12, 2016 November 9, 2016 Leave a comment on Welcome
Other than on a store shelf, I don't think I have ever seen a cigar box with cigars in it. Humidors were of no use to me. Cigars were of no use to me, especially as a second-grader.
I have only ever known repurposed humidors; repurposed for everything imaginable.
Every August we kids would search out the dads of our neighborhood friends who smoked cigars so we could salvage them for school—crayons, pencils, paper clips, rubber bands, love notes (oh, the love notes: "Do you like me? Circle yes or no"). If it would fit, into the box it would go. I put a piece of tape on mine so no one would get into it.
Cigar boxes were an integral part of our culture, and I think a child who never had a cigar box has been terribly deprived.
At Mom's workplace the cigar box contained petty change and stamps; they were interchangeable.
My Dad had a couple of cigar boxes, organizing manly paraphernalia interpretable by some Rosetta Stone that resided in his head alone—bolts, washers, screws, nails, oil, drill bits, allen wrenches.
A saintly senescent woman in our church kept her wooden, loaf-shaped BREAD OF LIFE container in her cigar box—those small, plain white cards that were about an inch-and-a-half wide and three-quarters of an inch high. The chapter and verse were on the obverse and the text on the reverse so that you could quiz yourself either way. She also kept her prayer list in there. It comforted me to know I was on that list.
You can imagine, then, how nostalgic this poem made me feel when I discovered it.
The Cigar Box
(Copyright © John Cassens | Year Posted 2007)
I have a cigar box with corners frayed and lid barely holding on.
Its contents being small things I've made and objects that I've found.
An odd-shaped rock, a marble, a feather are three of many that lasted well.
But the little objects are no better than the stories they could tell.
I held these things so precious once when I was a wide-eyed boy.
Now in my hand this timeless bunch of memories bring me joy.
I lay the treasures cross the table to see what I once had found.
I conclude that tomorrow if I'm able I'll walk and search the ground.
Somewhere in that old creek bed or on the side of the grassy hill,
memories are no longer dead and find them I surely will.
Something lying there since time began, hidden so none before could see.
But now as if somehow planned, it would be given just to me.
The creases corner my eyes today as I've far from weathered well.
The box's edges also appear that way but we both have stories still to tell.
I am weathered so like this old box and both of us remember when
we found the feather and the rock with their stories locked within.
Regardless how worn we may seem, the box and I contain the past.
Beyond aged exteriors lies the dream that memories do not die but last.
Cigar boxes have a fascinating history. Introduced in 1840, by 1863 they were regulated by American law. As early as the Civil War they were being up-cycled into musical instruments, either fiddles, banjos, or guitars.
As time passed, some cigar boxes were as or even more expensive than the cigars, especially in their repurposed life. Many are collector's items. Elegant cigar boxes are often up-cycled into furniture, cedar chest-of-drawers, jewelry boxes, baby beds, toy trucks, cuckoo clocks, almost anything you can imagine.
The cigar box on my desk is much humbler. It is King Edward The Seventh Imperial—in 1940 the "world's best selling cigar"—a kind of garish gold, cardboard, perfectly worn all over. It has crayon markings and a scorch mark in the bottom from something like a candle. It was once owned by a woman named Ellen, who inscribed her name in that elegant old script that was taught in the early twentieth century. Someone, evidently later than Ellen, kept keys in this box, because "Keys" is written in an entirely different hand-writing. Around 1985, someone kept stamps, because it says so right on the box: Stamps 22¢. I judge this cigar box to be about 60 years old, but that is only a guess. It does not smell at all like tobacco.
I imagine in the mind and heart of a cigar box, it would Nirvana to be up-cycled into a cigar box guitar. You can find cigar box guitars online that are extraordinarily delicate and expensive. "Ronnie Wood (the Rolling Stones) is using one on an album due in 2016. Paul McCartney played a slide cigar box 4-string while fronting the Foo Fighters on TV. Billy Gibbons of ZZ Top, Tom Waits and Ed Kind (Lynyrd Skynyerd) have played them. Buddy Guy got his start on a homemade 2-stoiring 'Diddley bow,' and Blind Willie Johnson learned his craft on a 1-string—as did thousands more obscure and unknown musicians, who made that blues sound famous." (https://www.famous-smoke.com/cigaradvisor/5-things-about-cigar-boxes)
I tend to press analogies too far, but my life is kind of like a cigar box. In this analogy, God looks at me the way I look at cigar boxes: "Son, I have no need for the stuff that's in you right now. Let's get all of that out and I will repurpose you into something useful and noble."
What might that be, I wonder. Oh, I'd love to become a cigar box guitar, especially one of those fancy ones that sell for hundreds or thousands of dollars. Or even an elegant, expensive, showy cedar chest or coffee table.
I don't think I would like to hold keys or crayons or stamps. That would be so…ordinary, mundane, banal. But if my experience is any indication, God sometimes needs us to do exactly that kind of pedestrian, modest, quotidian kinds of task. "Son, I've got folks lined up to be one of those cigar box guitars. If you really want to help me, you can do this [insert humble task]."
Every cigar box wishes it were originally made of cedar with brass hinges and handmade fittings. Every cigar box wishes it were up-cycled into a cigar box guitar, or a jewelry box, or polished into an antique piece. But most are not. Most are humble, especially in their re-purposed life.
I wonder what this cigar box would say for itself.
Robert L. Hinshaw, CMSgt, USAF, Retired
The cigar box reposed upon the closet shelf for nigh on fifty years.
Oft his family wondered what it held. Perhaps some treasured souvenirs?
The old man, a veteran, had fought in the European Theater of Operations.
He never talked about that nor did he ever boast of any special decorations.
Alas, he mustered for that final call of the roll to begin his eternal bourne.
His passing left behind a loving family and a grateful nation to mourn.
Rifle shots echoed o'er the hills – the clarion sound of "Taps" was played.
The Chaplain rendered words of hope and in hallowed clay he was laid.
His son sorted through his Dad's things learning facts he never knew.
Neatly folded in a trunk was his army uniform looking almost new.
He found hundreds of ribbon-bound V-mail letters to his beloved wife,
Expressing his love and hope for their life together beyond the terrible strife.
He was curious about the cigar box and pulled it down from the shelf.
There he found treasured things that his Dad had kept to himself.
His dog tags on a chain, faded snapshots of his wife and old army pals,
Staff sergeant chevrons, his honorable discharge and some old decals.
He choked back tears of pride as he discovered the coveted Silver Star,
and the citation that read of his bravery for heroic actions on the Saar!
There was also a Purple Heart and two Bronze Star Medals he had earned.
He was in awe of his humble but heroic Dad and the things he had learned!
You just have to believe that this cigar box did not originally hold expensive, Cuban stokes. It almost certainly was not made of cedar. There was nothing about it that drew attention to itself. It just had to be a humble, King Edward The Seventh Imperial, made of cardboard and weathered and so ordinary as to be almost invisible.
I am sure this cigar box wanted to be repurposed into something ostentatious, flamboyant, noteworthy.
But that was not its calling. Its calling was to hide something precious to someone particular, to be placed on a closet shelf for fifty years, and then to be discovered, not on eBay or Amazon or an antique store, but by a son. Once its precious cargo was disclosed, it could easily be discarded, and probably was, having performed the purpose its owner re-purposed it for.
Most of us wish we had been originally made of cedar with brass hinges and handmade fittings. Failing that, and having given up our original contents, we sometimes wish we had been up-cycled into an expensive piece of furniture, perhaps a cedar chest-of-drawers, or best of all, a cigar box guitar.
But often God asks us to give up our insides and be turned over completely to Him for a purpose exactly as nondescript as holding keys, or stamps, or petty change, or love letters, or war medals that no one would see for fifty years, and then only by his son.
St. Paul admonishes us to be content. I'm working on that. I sit here looking at a King Edward The Seventh Imperial, a kind of garish gold, made of cardboard and weathered and so ordinary it is almost invisible. And it's a fine cigar box. It has history. It has scars. It has character. It has served many owners well and admirably. Its tasks have been most very humble.
The first poet above expresses my sentiments:
My cigar box sits in front of me on my desk.
It's a fine box.
And I'm okay.
Author Robert HerronPosted on November 9, 2016 December 7, 2016 Leave a comment on Cigar Box
One Step Forward, One Step Back (Martin Luther King, Jr., Day, January 2016)
A few days ago, a good friend sent me this link: http://www.campusreform.org/?ID=7140
Evidently, a couple of universities will host "privilege walks" this year, 2016, in commemoration of Martin Luther King, Jr., Day.
Students who participate are asked to stand in a straight line and respond to a series of questions designed to identify privilege or lack thereof.
According to campusreform.org, "The purpose of the exercise is to 'divide people into different locations' in a room in order to show students how 'small privileges in society place individuals in different places in society.'"
"If you have ever felt unsafe because of your sexual orientation, take one step back."
"If you have a foreign accent, take one step back."
"If there were more than 50 books in your house growing up, take one step forward."
"If you were sexually active with several people and it would improve your social reputation in other people's eyes, take one step forward."
Okaaay.
I may have some details wrong, but I trust the source and I think I have the essence of it.
Besides, I am not a reporter. This is only my response to yet one more bizarre development in our culture.
Also, I am not objective. But in fairness, neither are the organizers of this exercise. I mean, if you believe that being "sexually active with several people" which thereby improves "your social reputation in other people's eyes" is a good thing, then you may as well believe in unicorn farts.
But this report did get me thinking about what kinds of questions I might ask if I were conducting the exercise.
If you were taught the wisdom of Proverbs 13:22: "A good man leaves an inheritance for his children's children," take one step forward.
If, following this wisdom, your grandparents and parents made sacrifices so you could realize a better life, take one step forward.
If your parents took you to church and Sunday school regularly and taught you the Golden Rule, take one step forward.
If you have had a religious experience from which you realized you were supposed to think of the welfare of others and make sacrifices for their benefit, take one step forward.
If your mom and dad spanked you when you were a little terror, take one step forward.
If you are bi- or multilingual, take one step forward.
If you were taught right from wrong and that no one has more responsibility for who you are and who you become than you, take one step forward.
If Martin Luther King, Jr., inspired you to abandon your racial prejudice because, "A just law is a man-made code that squares with the moral law, or the law of God," while "An unjust law is a human law that is not rooted in eternal and natural law" (Letter from Birmingham Jail), take one step forward.
On the other hand,
If you were spoiled by helicopter parents, take one step back.
If you were sexually promiscuous and brought a child into the world and abandoned your role and responsibilities as a father, take one step back (while your child takes 10 steps back even before he can walk; maybe you should carry your helpless infant 10 steps back yourself, and then abandon him like the ancient heathens).
If you were sexually promiscuous and brought a child into the world and became a child-mother with a child and therefore proscribed your life options by 90%, take one step back (while your child takes 10 steps back).
If you were never taught the value of delayed gratification, take one step back.
If your parents were addicted to government assistance and taught you that government money is free, thereby passing that addiction and ingratitude on to you, take one step back.
If you were never taught the incomprehensible, extraordinary price our country's forefathers paid in order for us to be free enough to criticize them, take one step back.
If you are so ungrateful for the millions of lives lost in our country's wars to provide you with the extra time to contemplate in peace (and arguably luxury) how underprivileged you are, and you are not humbled by that to the point of speechlessness, take one step back.
If you are so unaware of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, dream of a color-blind society in which individuals and families would get fair opportunities to succeed because a guarantee of success is a pipe-dream, take one step back.
We all have values that guide our steps—either one step forward or one step back.
In very many ways, we each make our own map for our lives, one step at a time.
Author Robert HerronPosted on November 9, 2016 December 7, 2016 Leave a comment on One Step Forward, One Step Back (Martin Luther King, Jr., Day, January 2016)
On New Year's Eve 1984, it was still possible to take a day trip into communist East Berlin. One descended into a subway near the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (Gedächtniskirche) to take the relatively short ride that passed ominously under the otherwise impenetrable Berlin Wall, where three humorless border guards waited to take one's passport and collect 30DM (West German Marks, worth approximately $10) in exchange for 30M (East German Marks, worth approximately $2), immediately deducting 5M for a one-day visa. Everyone received strict instructions to spend the remaining 25M in East Berlin on goods and services, under no circumstances take the currency out of the German Democratic Republic, and without fail to return before the last train departure to collect one's passport and take the train back to the West, presumably safe and unchanged.
This I did, more or less.
At mid-afternoon I emerged into a soundless, colorless, almost lifeless, black & white East Berlin. A snowfall was covering the ground, and it muted shades of gray into drabber shades of gray. Gray park benches were snow-covered. Gray, leafless trees were snow-covered. Every building was gray. The few persons out—an older gentleman supportiing the arm of his wife, or two older women holding one another's arms—were swallowed in gray overcoats and hats that were snow-flaked, and from under which peered worn, gray faces with small black eyes. Black, white, and gray—but mostly gray.
The only sounds were the tires of Trabants—drab green, drab brown, drab gray, or just drab—crunching snow and the muffled sound of its two-stroke engine belching black smoke that curled upward through the snow, dissipating, becoming gray. Only two or three now and then; hardly a rush hour.
I estimated how far and in which directions I could walk, counting blocks and taking carefully calculated right-angles guaranteed to bring me back to this destination shortly after dark but well before the last train departure.
Two churches, converted into museums, were closing—a pamphlet was available, but no guide, and no worship. Most amazing was a grocery store with dusty shelves on which canned goods were spaced about a foot apart: a can of beans, a can of fruit, a can of soup, cans with no labels, all of them dented. An elderly couple stared at the cans trying to decide. No fresh fruit, no dairy, but an ample supply of vodka—and long, hard, uncut bread stacked like stove wood.
At dusk I found a coffee shop that sold books, or a bookstore that sold coffee; there was not much of either. I bought a cup of coffee I could not drink and a scone I could not eat. I bought a copy of Karl Marx's Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei, and Vladimir Lenin's Staat und Revolution.
I risked a conversation with a young man who wanted very much to be proud of his country, but his effort rang hollow. "I wish I could go with you," he said. "I would rather be poor there than here. At least there I could hope to escape the poverty."
Having found few goods and services on which to spend my 25M, I took the remaining 10M and placed them in my boot. I wondered what the penalty is for smuggling currency out of communist East Germany. It was made of aluminum, just like play money from my childhood, and it would be easier to show family and friends than to explain. So I risked incarceration for 10M—approximately 70¢.
At about 9:00 p.m., I emerged from the Kurfürstendamm subway station in West Berlin to an explosion of light and sound and color, the very definition of bustling. Neon everywhere, traffic congestion honking and inching along. Enormous, brilliantly lit billboards.
A homeless man was panhandling in front of a fancy restaurant. Hookers were soliciting outside a church into which worshipers were filing. Drug dealers hovered near a detox center. A Salvation Army band was playing outside an adult bookstore; passersby were placing money in their kettle. The stores—grocery, fashion, jewelry, Mercedes Benz and BMW dealerships, hotels, even bookstores that sold coffee and coffee shops that sold books—were opulent, but full of shoppers. Not commercialism as much as commerce.
When I left this place only a few hours earlier, nothing seemed amiss. But the contrast coming from East Berlin to West Berlin was like plunging into a much-too-cold pool. It took my breath.
I have pondered that experience endlessly, and I have come to a few conclusions: Freedom to do and be good is directly proportional to freedom to do and be bad, and freedom has inherent hazards.
I saw no vice in East Berlin, but I also saw no virtue. I saw no homelessness in East Berlin, but also no wealth.
A state can prohibit accumulation of wealth, but no state can eradicate poverty. A state can suppress evil actions and bad decisions, but not without suppressing good actions and good decisions.
The free will that made it possible for Adam and Eve to eat the forbidden fruit is the same free will that made it possible for them to love God.
I know well the arguments comparing capitalism and socialism and communism, but no argument can take from me that experience.
Capitalism and freedom are not perfect, and their road is perilous. But I have been to the end of the metaphorical road where socialism and communism lead. It is soundless, colorless, almost lifeless, black, white, and gray—but mostly gray.
Author Robert HerronPosted on October 10, 2016 December 7, 2016 Leave a comment on East Berlin
Dear Theophilus Blog at WordPress.com.


1 Finding Affordable Dental Implants in Jersey Village, Texas– Why So Expensive?
5 How Do I Get Dental Implants in Jersey Village TX?
You assumed whatever was great. No person showed up to notice that you were missing a couple of teeth, and after that somebody crossed the line. You were provided nana sandals and a crocheted blanket for Xmas, the tip being that it was time to snuggle on the sofa with your cat and a glass of warm milk.
Finding Affordable Dental Implants in Jersey Village, Texas– Why So Expensive?
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How Do I Get Dental Implants in Jersey Village TX?
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Driving distance between Iberia, MO and Waterfall, PA is 871.49 miles (or 1,402.52 kilometers). If you drove an average car (using about 3.6 gallons of gas per mile), the gas would cost you around $, since you would need about gallons of fuel.
Leaving from Iberia, MO you would reach Waterfall, PA in about 13 hours 52 mins if you keep an average speed of miles per hour, assuming you don't make any breaks or get stuck in traffic.
This is a map overview of the best driving route from Iberia, MO to Waterfall, PA in which you can see the origin and destination points marked with A (Iberia) and B (Waterfall) respectively as well as blue line along the road route you can take. You can zoom in to see more details, including road numbers and even street names both in Iberia, MO and Waterfall, PA as well as every other town you may pass by on your way.
To cover the 871.49 mi that separate Waterfall from Iberia you are going to need between of fuel, considering you drive an average car (30 mpg) and , if you drive an SUV or a heavy car (20 mpg). If you drive a fuel efficient car (45 mpg), your consumption will only be .
Depending on the fuel efficiency level of your car, driving from Iberia to Waterfall will cost you between and . An average car would make the trip for . We calculate the route cost using real time average gas prices for the US and other costs such as tolls are not included in this calculation.
To help you plan your trip from Iberia to Waterfall, we offer a detailed map together with full, turn by turn, driving directions from Iberia, MO to Waterfall, PA.
The flying distance represent the straight distance from Iberia to Waterfall, the length of an hypothetical flight trip between the geographic center of Iberia, MO and the geographic center of Waterfall, PA. We also offer nearby airports to both Iberia to Waterfall and a flight ticket price comparison form, in case you want to make that hypothetical flight real :).


text:
State launches human trafficking awareness website
Dave Williams/Capitol Beat News Service
ATLANTA - Gov. Brian Kemp launched a website Monday aimed at training state workers and the general public in how to detect and respond to warning signs of human trafficking.
The Georgia Department of Administrative Services (doas.ga.gov) is administering the website, which will offer training to more than 80,000 state workers as well as any member of the public interested in the program.
The entire staff of the governor's office will participate, including Kemp, as will all DOAS employees.
"Together, we can … raise awareness of human trafficking and identify instances of sex trafficking," the governor said in announcing the program at the Georgia Capitol.
Kemp and his wife, first lady Marty Kemp, have made human trafficking a top priority. Last year, during his first year in office, Kemp issued an executive order creating a commission of public and law enforcement officials, for-profit and non-profit organizations, health-care executives and subject matter experts to spearhead the initiative.
The GRACE Commission is co-chaired by Marty Kemp; Georgia House Speaker Pro Tempore Jan Jones, R-Milton; and Vic Reynolds, director of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation.
There are an estimated 1.5 million victims of human trafficking in the United States. The FBI recently named Atlanta as one of 14 cities with abnormally high rates of human trafficking.
But Marty Kemp said human trafficking is occurring across Georgia.
"There are terrible people out there who control [victims'] every move and force them to do unspeakable things," she said. "Education and awareness is the way to fight against human trafficking."
While the training program recognizes there are several forms of human trafficking, it focuses primarily on child sex trafficking and child sexual exploitation.
"This will be a tough battle against a ruthless enemy," DOAS Commissioner Alex Atwood said. "But it's one we can win if we work together."
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Republic of Kenya is a country on the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa. British influence began in the area in about 1885, and from 1888 the Imperial British East African Company began administering parts of the territory. In 1885, the UK proclaimed a protectorate over the British East Africa Potectorate (which at times included parts of Uganda). In 1920, the protectorate became the Kenya Colony. In 1963, Kenya was granted independence and in 1964 it adopted a republican constitution as the Republic of Kenya.


I am simple, straight forward friendly person, My father is Engineer in (I.T.I) Raebareli. B.A & M.A Kanpur university. My mother is house wife I have two brother who are also Post Graduate and Graduate.
My Elder Brother is a teaching / academician with a Master's degree working in government sector. I am currently living in Rae Bareli. I belong to a middle class, joint family with liberal values.
My name is Dudhnath Saroj and I am working as a Technician in the Defence Sector. I have completed my B.Com.. I grew up in a Middle class, Joint family with Liberal Values.
My name is Pramod Kumar and I am working as a Executive in the Private sector. I have completed my B.Ed.. I grew up in a Middle Class class, Joint family with Liberal values.
My brother has a Bachelor's degree and he is employed in private Sector as a software professional currently based in Bengaluru. We come from a middle class, joint family background with moderate values. People describe him as friendly, fun-loving and handsome. His hobbies and interests are traveling and photography.
My brother is a teaching / academician with a Bachelor's degree working in government sector. He is currently living in Rae Bareli. We come from an upper middle class, joint family background with moderate values.
My name is Shashank Gaurav and I am working as a Teaching / Academician in the Government sector. I have completed my B.Tech.. I grew up in a Middle Class class, Nuclear family with Traditional values.
My name is Rahul Kanujiya and I am working as a Technician in the Government sector. I have completed my Diploma. I grew up in a Middle Class class, Nuclear family with Moderate values.
My name is Rahul Singh and I am working as a Advertising / PR Professional in the Private sector. I have completed my MBA. I grew up in a Upper Middle Class class, Nuclear family with Traditional values.
My name is Ajay Kumar and I am working as a Teaching / Academician in the Government sector. I have completed my M.Sc.. I grew up in a Middle Class class, Joint family with Traditional values.


text:
Pryor sacrifices summer to graduate U.S Army basic training boot camp
Published 7:14 pm Thursday, August 18, 2022
By Christy Johnson
Jacob Pryor completed boot camp in Oklahoma over the summer, even though he hasn't graduated high school. Photo by Christy Johnson
When classes started back at Greenville High School last week, senior Jacob Pryor was not there. He missed his last first day of high school completing and graduating from U.S. Army basic training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma.
Pryor spent 10 weeks in the hot Oklahoma summer running drills with his peers. He was the youngest in his camp.
Naomi Pryor, Jacob's mother, said it was the longest 10 weeks of her life.
Pryor said his parents were very hesitant when he told them of his plans with the military. "That's a big statement," Pryor remembers his mom saying at his declaration. She encouraged him to think about it before jumping in.
"I was pretty set on it," Pryor said.
He said mom came around after sitting down with the recruiter, U.S. Army Sergeant First Class David Taylor and discussing the pros and cons.
"I am lucky enough to have those kinds of parents that support me whatever I do," he said.
Military has not been a family tradition Pryor was looking to continue. In fact, he said it is a tradition he hopes to start.
Jacob Pryor (right) is pictured with Senior Drill Sergeant Ryan in Oklahoma after boot camp. Photo Submitted
Pryor has a plan, and graduating boot camp before his senior year was just the start.
"I chose the Army because the benefits are way more than any other branch," he said. "The Army National Guard is paying for my college. They are paying for most of everything, including room and board, so it is very beneficial for me."
The Army National Guard will be Pryor's home for the next eight years, he said. After that he is free to enlist in another branch. Pryor said that is something he will decide after college and his eight years are up.
In the meantime, he plans to study at the University of South Alabama and major in Marine Biology. He is already SCUBA certified.
After he graduates high school, Pryor will start out a rank higher than others just starting and he already has boot camp out of the way.
"I will start out as an E2," Pryor said. "After I graduate high school, I will get private first class. After I complete AIT, which is job training for the Army, I will get the rank of specialist."
Naomi said her son has always shown leadership qualities.
"He earned his Boy Scout Eagle Scout rank at 14 years old, and has been in JROTC at GHS since ninth grade." she said. "Jacob has always appreciated and respected those that serve, and is very adept at the rigor and demands of the military and its expectations."
Jacob Pryor and his mother, Naomi, pose for a picture outside GHS. Photo by Christy Johnson
Col. Alan Hester, JROTC director at GHS, said only one cadet per year in the past four years has attended boot camp prior to graduation.
"While it is rare, it is open to all qualifying juniors who can do the split option," he said. "I am so very, very proud of Jacob Pryor. He is our Battalion Commander, leader of our entire unit, drill commander. For him to be able to see how it is done in the Army, and then apply it for our JROTC Battalion will help us grow as a unit tremendously."
Hester has seen Pryor grow and learn in JROTC for the past four years.
"He has gained in confidence and leadership abilities, but Jacob is one of those guys who frankly started off with a lot of potential. Without a doubt," Hester said.
Graduating boot camp before graduating high school is not the norm, and Pryor's parents said they couldn't be more proud about their son's accomplishments.
"We are so impressed with his decision to do what is called 'split ops' when he signed up with the Army National Guard," Naomi said. "This has been his decision for what is best for his future, and his father and I have been cheering from the sidelines the whole time."
Naomi said she shed several tears on the way to the graduation ceremony in Oklahoma, but more than anything, she said she felt pride.
"Pride. Just absolute pride and awe," she said. "He may look like a grown-up, but as a mother, I see my little boy, and to see my little boy stand proud and accomplish something even grown men can't do was just inspiring. After having not seen him for over 10 weeks, his father and I couldn't wait to hug him and tell him in person how proud we are."
Pryor said completing boot camp early was absolutely the best decision he could have ever made.


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Home > Natural Resources
PUBLIC UTILITIES - Regulatory tribunals - Licensing and rate-making
Friday, November 08, 2019 @ 6:21 AM
Lexis Advance® Quicklaw®
Research Pod
Case(s):
Macdonald Communities Ltd. v. Alberta (Utilities Commission), [2019] A.J. No. 1281
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Appeal by Macdonald Communities Limited from a decision of the Alberta Utilities Commission that declined to set rates charged by a privately-owned wastewater service provider. The appellant was a developer of a residential development. Two corporations supplied potable water and wastewater services to the residents. The Commission held that a public utility as defined in the Public Utilities Act did not include wastewater or sewer services.
HELD: Appeal dismissed. The Commission's decision was reviewable on a reasonableness standard. Its interpretation of the definition of public utility was entitled to deference and was reasonable. The definition of public utility in s. 1(i)(iv) of the Public Utilities Act was exhaustive. In the context of the provision, the ordinary and grammatical sense of water did not include wastewater being transmitted away from the development. A proper statutory interpretation pointed to the legislature's intent to draw the line of essential services between water and wastewater, which did not amount to an absurdity.
Macdonald Communities Ltd. v. Alberta (Utilities Commission), [2019] A.J. No. 1281, Alberta Court of Appeal, P.T. Costigan, D. Pentelechuk and K.P. Feehan JJ.A., September 25, 2019. Digest No. TLD-November42019013
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knowledgeable in their giving — they give more.
The U.S. Trust Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy shows a clear link between charitable giving knowledge and gift size. Major donors who considered themselves as "expert" gave 7.9 x as much as "novice" donors.
Data from the 2014 U.S. Trust Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy. Note that we reference data from the 2014 U.S. Trust Study as its respondents better reflect the perspective of major donors.
Expert givers share some common attributes. 84 percent said they had confidence that their giving is having the intended impact. To that end, 78 percent of expert major donors take steps to monitor their charitable giving impact. In addition, 77 percent say they are either utilizing or planning to utilize a giving vehicle — such as a donor advised fund or gift of non-cash assets.
Attitudes and Habits of Charitable Giving "Experts"
"I receive personal fulfillment from my giving"
"My giving is having the intended impact"
"I have or plan to establish a giving vehicle"
"I monitor or evaluate charitable giving impact"
Data from the 2014 U.S. Trust Study of High Net Worth Philanthropy.
As the leader of a development team, you need ensure your caseload managers understand this: Increasing donor giving expertise is their job. You've got to create expert givers.
The easiest way? Help them monitor the impact of their giving. That starts with showing them the value of their gift to you. Provide project reports. Schedule time for them to talk with program staff or constituents you serve. Invite them to the field. And always make sure they have a current annual report as well as case studies and stories of impact.
Second, connect them with specialists in planned giving and donor advised funds. One of the most innovative donor advised funds in the nation, WaterStone, <<LINK 3>> works with non-profit organizations to educate and equip their donors about intentional giving strategies. They provide a number of free resources and seminars for development teams and donors.
The vast majority of high net worth individuals (86 percent) do not consider themselves experts in giving. The door is wide open for your development team to build this expertise in your donor base. Sit down with your team and ask, "How can we help educate our donors?" Build multiple gift training touches into your moves management plan, and use these opportunities to create your own expert givers … and watch your average gift increase significantly.
In addition to presenting a compelling case and building deep relationships, Westfall Gold's major donor event model includes several components designed to increase giving expertise.
We strongly recommend having a donor advised fund or financial advisor present a 20 minute session introducing asset-based giving strategies, which reduce tax liability and increase charitable giving. That representative should be available throughout the weekend to engage with your prospective donors, develop relationships, and answer questions. Complex asset gifts take time to execute, so follow-up after the event is critical.
Your Senior Consultant will also recommend inspirational speakers on the topic of philanthropy. The best talks will address how giving generously has profoundly impacted the speaker's life. This will help your donors consider their role as philanthropists.
Starting with your second event, programing will include an impact report to share how your organization has utilized the funds raised from the prior event. Your Senior Consultant will help you frame these results and provide direction on how to communicate them effectively.
Bob launched Westfall Gold in 2002 with a singular mission: To help clients fund transformational impact around the world. Inspired by the Parable of the Talents, he has drawn on his experience in major donor development to build one of the country's preeminent fundraising consultancies. Bob is a recognized expert on major donor fundraising, and is accredited as a Master Trainer by the Association of Fundraising Professionals. He also serves as a Director of The Giving Institute, and is a highly sought-after speaker at leadership and development conferences around the world.
Connect with Bob by clicking here.


After spending 11 years in the Travel industry (Airlines, Cruise Lines, and Travel Agencies) it was a very exciting decision to move into Real Estate in 2003! I decided to begin a career in Real Estate because of my own poor experiences buying two homes. What I felt through the process was being rushed, not listened to, not properly informed every step of the way…. and mistakes were made as a result of this. After the second experience I said, "I can do this so much better!"
I took the leap to Real Estate in February of 2003 and I am pleased to have received the prestigious award of "MVP Realtor of the Year" in my very first year in Real Estate! I have repeatedly, since then, won top producer and top sales Broker awards! I have had the privilege of helping clients fulfill their home ownership dreams in Idaho, California and in Washington! I grew up in Puyallup, Washington and have the webbed feet to prove it! Currently, I work out of my beautiful office with Morrison House Sotheby's International Realty and I reside in Gig Harbor with my amazing husband and our 3 dogs! I take full advantage of everything this amazing state has to offer!
My training from years in the travel industry has really helped me to develop wonderful people skills and the ability to take customer service to the highest possible level! I work daily to build client relationships for a lifetime, not just for one transaction. I am a tough negotiator. I work hard for my clients to make sure they are winning the home of their dreams in this crazy, aggressive market we are in! My sellers are thrilled, as I am selling their listing quickly at typically for over the list price.
Please do not hesitate to email or call me. No question is too small and I can assure you that I will dedicate my time to answering your questions. I can also provide a FREE Market Value Analysis on your home!
For those of you who have the "travel bug" I would LOVE to speak with you. I have had the privilege of traveling to many different Countries in the last 20 years! I love travel and can guarantee many laughs and stories!
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Canadá estuvo representado en los Juegos Paralímpicos de Sídney 2000 por un total de 166 deportistas, 113 hombres y 53 mujeres.

Medallistas
El equipo paralímpico canadiense obtuvo las siguientes medallas:

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Canada
V 2000

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Adventure down the beach with us from 26th Street under and through the Virginia Beach Pier all the way down to 10th and 9th streets and then back along the beach and through the surf as we experience nature at its best. This is an amazing Virginia Beach experience and perfect for first-time riders, experienced riders, family, couples, and everyone in-between!
Horseback riding on the beach is a bucket list item for many travelers and we make it easy for you to check off. Explore Virginia Beach in a new, fun way with a horseback ride on one of our beautiful horses on your next Virginia Beach vacation!
Everyone is introduced to their horses and receives a short lesson. Then we line up outside the corral, awaiting further direction from your guides.
We can simply have your photo ready when you're back from your adventure and you can decide at the end of your ride if you want to purchase this special memento.


text:
Open the Newsroom Menu
News & Events Newsroom News Releases
Natural Lipid Acts as Potent Anti-Inflammatory
NIH Scientists See Therapeutic Potential Against Bacteria, Viruses
Fluorescent microscopy image showing accumulation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE, red) in human dendritic cells treated with synthetic F. tularensis PE containing liposomes. Blue indicates the cell nucleus.
NIAID
Credit: NIAID
National Institutes of Health researchers have identified a naturally occurring lipid—a waxy, fatty acid—used by a disease-causing bacterium to impair the host immune response and increase the chance of infection. Inadvertently, they also may have found a potent inflammation therapy against bacterial and viral diseases.
Lipids are known to help Francisella tularensis bacteria, the cause of tularemia, to suppress host inflammation when infecting mouse and human cells. In a new study published in the Journal of Innate Immunity, researchers from NIH's National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases found a form of the lipid phosphatidylethanoloamine, or PE, present in the bacterium. The composition of PE found in F. tularensis differs from PE found in other bacteria. In cell-culture experiments, the researchers discovered that the natural and a synthetic form of PE reduced inflammation caused by both tularemia bacteria and dengue fever virus.
Tularemia is a life-threatening disease spread to humans via contact with an infected animal or through the bite of a mosquito, tick or deer fly. Although tularemia can be successfully treated with antibiotics, it is difficult to diagnose, mainly because F. tularensis bacteria can suppress the human immune response. Dengue fever, primarily spread by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, is rarely fatal but usually leads to a high fever, severe headache and pain throughout the body. There is no specific treatment for dengue fever.
After identifying PE as the lipid that impaired the immune response, the scientists began to consider its potential therapeutic value. Because natural F. tularensis is highly infectious and therefore challenging to work with, the group developed synthetic lipids—PE2410 and PEPC2410—that would be much easier to study and produce. They then verified that both synthetic lipids also suppressed the immune response during infection of mouse and human cells in the laboratory.
Because several types of viral infections involve an unconstrained inflammatory response, the group tested natural and their synthetic PE in the laboratory against dengue fever virus-infected human cells. Both versions inhibited the immune response compared to the immune response seen in infected but untreated cells.
The group plans to continue exploring how F. tularensis impairs the immune response. They hope their findings will eventually lead to the development of a potent, broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory therapeutic.
R Ireland et al. Unique Francisella phosphatidylethanolamine acts as a potent anti-inflammatory lipid. Journal of Innate Immunity DOI: 10.1159/000489504 (2018).
Catharine Bosio, Ph.D., chief of NIAID's Immunity to Pulmonary Pathogens Section, is available to comment on this study.
To schedule interviews, contact:
Ken Pekoc
NIAIDNews@niaid.nih.gov
NIH Scientists Show How Tularemia Bacteria Trick Cells to Cause Disease
Antibodies from Ebola Survivor Protect Mice and Ferrets Against Related Viruses
Experimental Monoclonal Antibodies Show Promise Against Epstein-Barr Virus
NIH Scientists Develop New Mouse Model to Study Salmonella Meningitis
NIAID-Sponsored Study to Assess Shorter-Duration Antibiotics in Children
Early-Stage Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine Trial Begins
Scientists at NIH and Emory Achieve Sustained SIV Remission in Monkeys
NIH Statement on HIV Vaccine Awareness Day, May 18, 2018
Content last reviewed on July 6, 2018


Occurs Sunday Evening at the Corner of Eighth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue.
Miss Dorothy Cholpek narrowly escaped from death in a runaway accident which occured last night at half past nine o'clock.
She was in a two-seated carriage with two friends, Tom Zeskes and Peter Kehler, driving east on Pennsylvania avenue when on the corner of Ninth street the horse it is claimed by the Zeskes, became frightened at a west bound street carand made a dash for liberty. When Eighth street was reached, Zeskes attempted to get the lines to turn the corner. Two cars however, which were standing in front of the office of the Sheboygan Light, Power and Railway Company, made it necessary for him to change his course. The horse by this time enitrely out of control dashed into the large iron trolley post in front of the Empire Cafe, throwing the occupants to the pavement.
Miss Cholpek was hurled between the post and the wreckage of the carriage. When she was extricated it was found she had escaped injury with the exception of a few scratches. Her companions likewise were uninjured. The horse which had been thrown on the sidewalk, was bleeding badly, while the carriage was smashed to splinters.
The horse and carriage belong to Charles Donnora, the saloonkeeper, 412 N. 8th street, and had been hired out to Zeskes and Kehler early in the evening. Donnora alleges that the men were drunk when [sic]nounced his intention of bringing the accident occurred. He has ansuit [sic], having refused to take either the injured horse or the wrecked carriage. The horse is valued at $250 and the carriage at $100.


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title:  To Love More Than Self
date:  24/10/2020
---

#### inTro

Read This Week's Passage: Luke 10:25–37

**To Love More Than Self**

The foundation of creation was love. Unlike the creator in other creation narratives from ancient texts, the God of the Bible did not create the world so He could be served; He created it because He is love. His love can be seen in every aspect of the creation story, but it is perhaps most powerfully expressed in the manner in which He created Adam and Eve and the purpose He instilled in them to achieve. Love is also the foundation of redemption. "God so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life" (John 3:16). The story of redemption teaches us that God loved us more than He loved Himself.

Since love is the basis of creation and redemption, it is also the basis of real education. To love God with heart, mind, soul, and strength means that in the whole being, every aspect of development is to reach its highest attainment in unselfish love for God.

"Like the first is the second commandment, 'Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.' Mark 12:31. The law of love calls for the devotion of body, mind, and soul to the service of God and humanity. This service, while making us a blessing to others, brings the greatest blessing to ourselves. Unselfishness underlies all true development. Through unselfish service we receive the highest culture of every faculty. More and more fully do we become partakers of the divine nature. We are fitted for heaven, for we receive heaven into our hearts" (Education, 16).

#### inScribe

Write out Luke 10:25–37 from the translation of your choice. You may also rewrite the passage in your own words, outline, or mind map the chapter.

``

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows
Francesco Menzella MD, Mirella Biava Msc, Chiara Barbieri MD, Francesco Livrieri MD, Nicola Facciolongo MD
10.7573/dic.2020-4-6
Treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection with single-dose dalbavancin in persons who inject drugs
Efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of connective tissue disease-related interstitial lung disease
Facing the COVID-19 outbreak in children with cancer
At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. To date, clinical evidence and guidelines based on reliable data and randomized clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 are lacking. In the absence of definitive management protocols, many treatments for COVID-19 are currently being evaluated and tested worldwide. Some of these options were soon abandoned due to ineffectiveness, while others showed promising results. The basic treatments are mainly represented by antiviral drugs, even if the evidence is not satisfactory. Among the antivirals, the most promising appears to be remdesivir. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab seem to guarantee positive results in selected patients so far, although the timing of starting therapy and the most appropriate therapeutic schemes remain to be clarified. Efficacy of the other drugs is still uncertain, and they are currently used as a cocktail of treatments in the absence of definitive guidelines. What will represent the real solution to the enormous problem taking place worldwide is the identification of a safe and effective vaccine, for which enormous efforts and investments are underway.
Keywords: antivirals, biologics, coronavirus, corticosteroids, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome.
Citation: Menzella F, Biava M, Barbieri C, Livrieri F, Facciolongo N. Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows. Drugs in Context 2020; 9: 2020-4-6. DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-4-6
Contributions: FM and MB conceived the manuscript outline, contributed to all the sections, and revised the whole manuscript. CB and FL drafted the paragraphs concerning antibiotics and anticoagulants. NF reviewed and approved the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final version. All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given their approval for this version to be published.
Disclosure and potential conflicts of interest: Francesco Menzella participated in contracted research and clinical trials for Novartis and Sanofi. He has received lecture fees and advisory board fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Mundipharma, and Novartis. The other authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) Potential Conflicts of Interests form for the authors is available for download at: https://www.drugsincontext.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/dic.2020-4-6-COI.pdf
Acknowledgements: None.
Funding declaration: There was no funding associated with the preparation of this article.
Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Menzella F, Biava M, Barbieri C, Livrieri F, Facciolongo N. Published by Drugs in Context under Creative Commons License Deed CC BY NC ND 4.0 which allows anyone to copy, distribute, and transmit the article provided it is properly attributed in the manner specified below. No commercial use without permission.
Correct attribution: Copyright © 2020 Menzella F, Biava M, Barbieri C, Livrieri F, Facciolongo N. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2020-4-6. Published by Drugs in Context under Creative Commons License Deed CC BY NC ND 4.0.
Article URL: https://drugsincontext.com/pharmacological-treatment-of-covid-19:-lights-and-shadows
Correspondence: Francesco Menzella, Department of Medical Specialties, Pneumology Unit, Azienda USL di Reggio Emilia- IRCCS, Viale Amendola 2, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy. francesco.menzella@ausl.re.it
Provenance: submitted; externally peer reviewed.
Submitted: 13 April 2020; Peer review comments to author: 30 April 2020; Revised manuscript received: 30 April 2020; Accepted: 30 April 2020; Publication date: 19 May 2020.
Drugs in Context is published by BioExcel Publishing Ltd. Registered office: Plaza Building, Lee High Road, London, England, SE13 5PT.
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Namo Buddha, at the altitude of 2565m between Banepa and Panauti, is best known for its culture that is still conserved and followed. Stupas with flattering colorful prayer flags and peaceful environment welcomes every tired trekker in its shadow. The trail will also take you through several traditional inhabitants of Tamang and Newari people. Namo Buddha is also one of the best viewpoints for viewing some of the highest peaks in the World like Mt. Everest, Dorje Lakpa, Ganesh Himal, Langtang Ranges, Gaurishankar. The region is also rich for its extraordinary collection of flora and fauna, untouched by modern life. Namo Buddha is a historic place, where Lord Buddha was believed to have offered his flesh to the starving tigress so she could feed her cubs. Now there lies a Stupa, a Monastery with retreat center, higher studies of Buddhism.
Thick forests of Rhododendron bushes, Mongolia and Sal trees cover the hillsides leading to the terraced agricultural fields. Not only will you experience traditional life in this region, but you will also have the opportunity to visit many sacred and ancient temples and monasteries including Namo Buddha, Indreshwar Mahadev Temple, and the Brahmayani Temple.


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Timeline of Native American Art History
This handy timeline comes from Wikipedia (with some correction and additions) and is public domain (yay!). The citations are on the original site. It's a chronological list of significant or pivotal moments in the development of Native American art or the visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Earlier dates, especially before the 18th century, are mostly approximate. Feel free to add to or change any listings.
Before Common Era
11,000 BCE: Mammoth bone etched with a profile image of a walking mammoth left near Vero Beach, Florida is the oldest known art in the Americas
10,200 BCE: Cooper Bison skull is painted with a red zigzag in present day Oklahoma, becoming the oldest known painted object in North America.
9250–8950 BCE: Clovis points - thin, fluted projectile points created using bifacial percussion flaking - are created by Clovis culture peoples in the Plains and Southwestern North America
9250–8550 BCE: Monte Alegre culture rock paintings created at Caverna da Pedra Pintada become the oldest known paintings in South America.
8000 BCE: Fiberwork left in Guitarrero Cave, Peru is the earliest known example of textiles in South America
7650 BCE: Cave painting in the Toquepala Caves, Peru
7370±90: Stenciled hands are painted with mineral inks at the Cueva de las Manos, near Perito Moreno, Argentina, as well as images of humans, guanacos, rheas, felines, other animals, geometric shapes, the sun, and hunting scenes
7300 BCE: A painted herringbone design from Tecolate Cave in the Mojave Desert of California is the earliest well-dated pictograph in North America.
5630 BCE: Ceramics left at Caverna da Pedra Pintada, Brazil are the earliest known ceramics in the Americas.
2885 BCE: Valdivia culture pottery is created in coastal Ecuador
2600-2000 BCE: Monumental architecture, including platform mounds and sunken courtyards, built in Caral, Supe Valley; Asia; Aspero; Salinas de Chao; El Paraíso; La Galgada; and Kotosh, Peru
2500-1800 BCE: Elaborate twined textiles are created at Huaca Prieta in northern coastal Peru, part of the Norte Chico civilization
2000-1000 BCE: Poverty Point culture in northeastern Louisiana features stone work, flintknapping, earthenware, and effigy, conical, and platform mounds, as well as pre-planned settlements on concentric earthen ridges
1500 BCE-250 CE: Maya art is created in their Preclassic Period, in central and southeastern Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador
1400-400 BCE: Olmec culture thrives in Norte Chico, the tropical lowlands of Mexico. Their art includes colossal basalt heads, jade sculpture, carved writing in stones, and ceramic effigy jars.
1000-900 BCE: The Cascajal Block is carved with writing by the Olmec people, becoming the earliest known example of writing in the Americas
1000-200 BCE: Adena culture, known for its mound building, originates in Ohio and expands to Indiana, West Virginia, Kentucky, and parts of Pennsylvania and New York.
900 BCE: Construction begins on Chavín de Huantar, a Chavín city in Callejón de Conchucos, Peru
900-200 BCE: Chavín synthesis flourishes in central coastal Peru and is characterized by monumental architecture, goldsmithing, stirrup spout ceramics, and Karwa textiles.
750-100 BCE: Paracas culture flourishes in south coastal Peru
730 BCE: Porcupine quills used as binding agent in Utah and Nevada.
500 BCE: Zapotec civilization emerges in the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. They are known for their ceramics, jewelry, and stonework.
200 BCE-500 CE: The Hopewell tradition flourishes in Ohio, Ontario, and surrounding area, featuring ceramics, cut mica, weaving, carved pipes, and jewelry.
Common era
1: Ancestral Taíno people paint over 6,000 pictographs in the Pomier Caves in the Dominican Republic
1-600: Moche culture flourishes in northern coastal Peru, characterized by monumental adobe mounds, murals, metalwork, and ceramics
1-700: Nasca culture thrives in southern coastal Peru, characterized by double spout and bridge vessels and the Nasca lines, monumental geoglyphs
200-700: Maya civilization's Classic Period. Architecture, painting, stone glyphic writing, books, painting, ceramics, and Maya textiles created in central and southeastern Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, and El Salvador
400-900: Tiwanaku culture emerges from Lake Titicaca and spreads to southern Peru, eastern Bolivia, and northern Chile
500-900: Wari culture dominates central coastal Peru
755±65—890±65: likely dates of the Blythe Geoglyphs being sculpted by ancestral Quechan and Mojave peoples in the Colorado Desert, California
800-1500: Mississippian cultures flourish in the Eastern Woodlands, featuring ceramics, shell engraving, textiles, woodcarving and stonework.
900: Earliest event recorded in the Battiste Good (1821–22, Sicangu Lakota) Winter count
1000: Island of Marajó flourishes as an Amazonian ceramic center
1000-1200: Dresden Codex written and illuminated. This Yucatecan Mayan codex from Chichén Itzá is the earliest known surviving book from the Americas
1000-1200: Acoma Pueblo and Old Oraibi are established, become the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the present day United States.
1070: Great Serpent Mound built in Ohio.
1100: Pueblo Bonito in Chaco Canyon reaches apex in size at 800 rooms
1100-1470: Chimú culture thrives in Chimor, today's north coastal Peru. Their art is characterized by monochromatic pottery; fine metal working of copper, gold, silver, bronze, and tumbago (copper and gold); and monumental abode construction in their capital city Chan Chan
1100: Hohokam Culture reaches apex in present day Arizona
1142: Wampum invented by Ayenwatha, which the Haudenosaunee used to record information.
1200-1533: Inca civilization originated in the Peruvian highlands and spreads across western South America
1250: Cliff Palace, Mesa Verde, and other Ancestral Pueblo architectural complexes reach their apex
1325-1521: The Aztec Empire thrives, based in Tenochtitlan, central Mexico. Their arts are characterized by monumental stone architecture, turquoise mosaics, stone carving, ceramics, cotton textiles, and Aztec codices
1430: Construction of Machu Picchu begins, a classic example of Incan architecture
1479: Aztec Sun Stone, a monolithic calendar stone, almost 12 feet in diameter, is carved
1492: Glass beads are introduced to Taíno people
1500: Muspa people flourishes in Key Marco, Florida, and their art is characterized by woodcarving, painting, incised ceramics, and netted textiles
1500-1800: Navajo people learn loom-weaving techniques from Pueblo people
1600-1615: Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala (Quechua) illustrates his 1,189-page book, El primer nueva corónica [sic] y buen gobierno.
1600-1650: Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxochitl (Texcocan, 1568/1580-1648) illustrates the Codex Ixtlilxochitl with watercolor paintings
1688: European and Mestizo members of the Cuzco School part ways with the Indian painters, allowing them to develop their own styles.
1725: Quebec Grey nuns and Mi'kmaq women devise new floral appliqué techniques in moose hair embroidery
1820s: Haida argillite carving emerges, in the wake of the declining Fur trade
1820s: Tuscarora brothers David and Dennis Cusick, both self-taught artists, begin painting, founding the Iroquois Realist Movement
1825: Ursuline nuns teach floral embroidery to Métis and Dene women in Fort Chipewyan and Winnipeg, which will revolutionize Great Lakes quillwork, embroidery, and beadwork
1830-1900: Tribes near Niagara Falls create beadwork whimsies, birch bark boxes, and other art forms, jumpstarting an active souvenir trade, following the decline in the fur trade
1840s: Zacharie Vincent (Huron, 1815–1886) begins his career as a realist oil painter
1826/8: David Cusick (ca. 1780-ca. 1831) published his self-illustrated Sketches of Ancient History of the Six Nations.
1853: Atsidi Sani (ca. 1830-1918) becomes the first known Navajo silversmith
1858-1869: Aron of Kangeq (1822–1869), a Kalaallit sculptor and carver, paints over 300 watercolors about traditional lifeways in Greenland, later to be published in books
1860s: Depletion of buffalo and forced relocation onto reservations causes Plains Indians to shift from hide painting to painting and drawing on cloth and paper, giving birth to Ledger art
1876: Mississauga Ojibwe sculptor Edmonia Lewis is the talk of the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia for her monumental marble sculpture, The Death of Cleopatra.
1870-1900: Navajo weavers incorporate new Eyedazzler patterns and Germantown yarns.
1875-1878: Southern Plains artists imprisoned at Fort Marion become prolific Ledger artists
1885-1890: Nampeyo and her husband Lesou (Hopi) revive Sikyátki style pottery
1885-1905: Alaska native arts thrive in the curio trade precipitated by the Klondike Gold Rush
1890s: Silver Horn (Kiowa, 1860/1-1940) creates paintings for anthropologist James Mooney
1895: John Leslie (Puyallup) published a book of his photography at Carlisle Indian School and exhibits his photographs at the Atlanta International Exposition
1899: Tsimshian photographer Benjamin Haldane establishes a professional photography studio in Metlakatla, Alaska
1904: Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri features Native American art, such as paintings by Silver Horn (Kiowa)
1906-1915: Ho-Chunk artist Angel De Cora serves as director of Carlisle Indian School's Native American art program
1906: Carlisle Indian School builds state-of-the-art photography school and offers photography classes to its Native students
1910s: Maria Martinez (1881–1980, San Ildefonso Pueblo) revives her tribe's blackware ceramics
1910-1932: San Ildefonso Pueblo Painting Movement thrives in New Mexico, led by artists Crescencio Martinez, Julian Martinez, Alfredo Montoya, Tonita Peña, Alfonso Roybal, and Abel Sanchez
1914: Louisa Keyser, Washoe basket maker, experiences peak of her fame
1915: Iñupiaq men invent baleen basketry
1916: In a controversial move, Navajo weaver Hastiin Klah (1867–1937) incorporates Yeibichei imagery into a rug
1917: Quechua photographer Martín Chambi establishes his own photography studio in Peru
1917-1930s: Seminole women in Florida develop their unique patchwork appliqué designs
1918: Julian Martinez (San Ildefonso Pueblo) invents the matte-on-glossy blackware ceramic technique
1920s: The Kwakwaka'wakw Four (Chief George, Charley George, Sr., Willie Seaweed, and George Walkus) collaborate to revive and modernize Kwakwaka'wakw art
1922: Social Indigenist movement begins in Peru and thrives for three decades
1922: First Santa Fe Indian Market held, sponsored by the Museum of New Mexico
1926: Indigenist Movement formed in Ecuador by Camilo Egas, Oswaldo Guayasamín, and other Quechua and Mestizo artists
1927: First Nations art exhibited with Euro-Canadian art in the Exhibition of the Canadian West Coast Art in the National Gallery of Canada in Ottawa
1928: Kiowa Five participate in the International Art Congress in Prague, Czech Republic
1931: Exposition of Indian Tribal Art opens at the Grand Central Art Galleries in New York City
1932: Kiowa Five participate in the Venice Biennale. Their art, according to Dorothy Dunn, "was acclaimed the most popular exhibit among all the rich and varied displays assembled."
1932: Professor Mary Stone McClendan "Ataloa" (Chickasaw, 1895–1967) founds the Ataloa Art Lodge, a Native American art center at Bacone College, in Muskogee, Oklahoma
1932: The Studio at the Santa Fe Indian School is established by Dorothy Dunn
1934: Arts and Crafts of the Indians of the Southwest opens at the DeYoung Museum in San Francisco
1936: Indian Arts and Crafts Board created in the US
1938: Osage Nation establishes the oldest continuing tribal museum in Pawhuska, Oklahoma
1939: Many Native artists participate in the 1939 New York World's Fair including realist landscape painter Moses Stranger Horse (Brulé Lakota, 1890–1941) and Fort Sill Apache sculptor Allan Houser (1914–1994)
1939: Hopi artist Fred Kabotie curates a Native American art show at the Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco
1941: Indian Art of the United States exhibition shows at the Museum of Modern Art, New York City
1946: Qualla Arts and Crafts is founded on the Qualla Boundary in North Carolina by Eastern Band Cherokee artists, becoming the first arts and crafts cooperative founded by Native Americans in the US
1948: Allan Houser completes his first monumental sculpture at the Haskell Indian School in Lawrence, Kansas
1950s and 1960s: Maya weaving cooperatives established by the Mexican government
1957: West Baffin Eskimo Co-op Ltd., an Inuit graphic arts workshop, is founded by James Archibald Houston in Cape Dorset, Nunavut.
1958: Yanktonai Dakota artist Oscar Howe (1915–1983) writes his famous letter after his work was rejected from the Philbrook Museum art show for not being "Indian" enough
1958: Heard Museum Guild hosts their first annual Indian Fair and Market in Phoenix, Arizona
1958-1962: Norval Morrisseau (Ojibwe) develops Woodlands Style painting in Ontario
1962: The Institute of American Indian Arts is founded in Santa Fe, New Mexico
1965: University of Alaska, Fairbanks creates their Native Arts Program
1967: Red Cloud Indian School in Pine Ridge, South Dakota hosts its first annual juried, competitive, intertribal art show which continues today
1971: The Cherokee Heritage Center in Park Hill, Oklahoma hosts the first Trail of Tears art show, an annual juried, competitive, intertribal art show which also continues today
1971: The Institute of American Indian Arts Museum (now called the Museum of Contemporary Native Arts) is founded by the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, as the only museum to focus on contemporary intertribal Native American art
1972: Two American Painters shows at the Smithsonian Institution's National Collection of Fine Arts in Washington, DC, featuring T. C. Cannon (Kiowa-Caddo-Choctaw) and Fritz Scholder (Luiseño)
1977: Sna Jolobil (House of the Weaver) in San Cristobal de Las Casas, Mexico becomes the first artist-run Mayan weaving cooperative
1990: Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act passed in the US
1990: American Indian Arts and Crafts Act passed in the US
1992: Crow's Shadow Institute of the Arts, a center for fine printmaking, is founded by Walla Walla artist James Lavadour on the Umatilla Indian Reservation.
1992: Eiteljorg Museum hosts their first annual Indian Market and Festival
1995: Edward Poitras (Plains Cree) represents Canada at the Venice Biennale, with Gerald McMaster (Plains Cree) curating.
1999: Native American Arts Alliance, curated by Nancy Mithlo (Chiricahua Apache) sponsors Native American artists Harry Fonseca, Bob Haozous, Jaune Quick-to-See Smith, Kay WalkingStick, Frank LaPena, Richard Ray Whitman, and poet Simon Ortiz in the Venice Biennale
2000: Mapuche printmaker Santos Chávez is granted the Altazor award and named "illustrious son" of Tirúa, Chile
2004: National Museum of the American Indian opens its doors in Washington, DC
2005: James Luna (Luiseño) represents NMAI at the Venice Biennale.
2006: Chile hosts its first Biennial of Indigenous Art and Culture in Santiago, featuring over 120 artists from Chile's nine indigenous groups.
2006: The first Bienal Intercontinental de Arte Indigena (Intercontinental Indigenous Arts Biennial) is held in Quito, Ecuador, which continues today
2009: Pottery by Jereldine Redcorn (Caddo), who single handedly revived her tribe's ceramic tradition, is exhibited in the Oval Office of the White House
Posted by ahalenia at 8:45 PM
Labels: Native American art history, Precolumbian art
ajr6869 said...
Great timeline! I did have a question about the Olmec / Mayan dates. What source gives an earlier date of 1500BCE for Mayan art than 1400BCE for Olmec art? I have always read / been taught that the Olmec were before the Mayan. I know there is speculation about independent arrival and development but I had not heard about Earlier Mayan dates. Thanks! Astrud
Wednesday, 02 February, 2011
ahalenia said...
Right. There's no citation given for 1500 BCE, but that is considered to be the beginning the Mayan Preclassic period. The formative period for the Olmecs is given as 1600 BCE, but there are also "pre-Olmec" cultures with material culture dating back to 2500 BCE, so that should changed and clarified.
A few of these Wikipedia entries made it into Elysia Poon's Timeline in Art in Our Lives: Native Women Artists in Dialogue. Yay easily accessible, copyright-free information about Native art!
Tuesday, 08 February, 2011
Very effectively written information. It will be helpful to anyone who usess it, including myself. Keep up the good work – for sure i'll take a look at more posts.
I've recently began a blog, the information you present on this site has helped me tremendously. Thank you for all of your time & work.
Saturday, 07 May, 2011
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