XIAMEN, China/BEIJING (Reuters) – Yang Xiaodao, a 26-year-old civil servant in the Chinese city of Xiamen. We do not dare to buy a car. We do not dare to travel." Throughout China, home prices that.
His 15.3% walk rate was sixth highest in baseball. This was his tenth start at third base this year. He's also started a game at shortstop (!). And Martin looked very much like a 35-year-old catche.
This year, LCA announced a plan to switch the billing schedule for city residents from quarterly to monthly. The move would increase fixed rate charges to. made to Nationwide Insurance, according t.
44th National Old Time Music Festival. Admission is $10.98 for children 18 months to 15 years, $9.95 for ages 16 and over.
The rusting 1994 Oldsmobile. car, Ken Chicosky, a 39-year-old Army veteran, felt desperate. He received a $4,000 loan from Cash America, a lender with a storefront in his Austin, Tex., neighborhood.
Kavanaugh was right to rule against the 17-year-old woman in an ICE detention center who wanted. I don't have a problem ge.
Four high-speed chase defendants garner a total of 40 Hawkins indictments – On May 16, Griffin allegedly led police on a high speed chase and. it collided with a 2016 Toyota Highlander stopped at the intersection. It was driven by 83-year-old Robert McDaniel of Maryville.
An organized campaign to require the technology was partially inspired by a 2-year-old boy, Cameron Gulbransen. according to an Insurance Institute for Highway Safety study. The 2016 study compared.
Volusia/Flagler Gridiron Greats: The complete list of our top 25 high school football players – The safety became an All-MEAC defender at Bethune-Cookman in 2008, his senior year, as he made 83 tackles with 16 TFLs, eight sacks. released by the Tennessee Titans in March. The 33-year-old had n.
And that could have broad implications for marketers in industries far beyond insurance, gasoline and retail. In 1978, nearly half of 16-year-olds and three-quarters of 17-year-olds in the U.S. had.
Listen to Mayor David Condon's riveting spoken-word monologue about utility rates. at her 3-year-old at Shopko. 97. Yell a.
Her 98-year-old grandmother lives in the senior apartments. each one housing three separate units of 13 to 16 single-occup.
How "The Wall" could kill a Texas city – It might seem remarkable that their eight-year. rates are up. And the high school has a nationally recognized rocket and r.


We were responsible for both the structural and architectural design of the Huu-ay-aht Health and Administration Centre. This partial two-storey building was built on the side of a hill with views of the beach and ocean to the south and east. The building is C-shaped and was segmented for ease of construction and to save in costs. It has full height double storey windows in the atrium for two thirds of the curved south wall complimented by the glulam column and radial cantilever beams. Outside of this atrium space there is a steel and timber walkway which is cantilevered off the building and cantilevered steel ribs at the south east corner by use of a concrete beam. At the westerly entrance, the roof trusses cantilever 8 m to create a feature tapered canopy over the doors and gathering space. The high seismic forces in this area made the building design quite challenging however, all challenges were met with innovative structural solutions.


The City of Windsor is inviting Windsor-Essex charitable organizations to be a part of this year's Bright Lights Windsor event and take advantage of special programming days. Applications are being accepted now.
Special programming dates will include Friday and Saturday evenings from 5:30-9:00pm, starting December 7 and running to December 28, 2018.
Charitable activations could include collecting clothing items, collecting non-perishable food items, activity by donation, i.e. craft/photo station, etc.
Applicants must be a registered not for profit charitable organization.
Donations solicited by accepted organizations must be to support local people in need, regardless of race, sexual orientation, religious affiliation.
Applicant must be signing officer to the organization.
Accepted organizations must be in attendance at the festival and must staff their own activation.
Accepted organizations must only host their approved activation.
A covered space will be supplied (10' x 8') for activation.
Accepted organizations are required to supply their own table, table cloths, chairs, etc.
Accepted organizations will be required to sign a vendor waiver. All food/beverage vendors will be required to supply a Certificate of Insurance upon acceptance.
The City of Windsor will evaluate each application and reserves the right to deny space or individual items in a space that does not meet the requirements or a conflict with another vendor. Any vendor found in violation of the rules may be removed from the event facility.
For further questions please contact brightlights@citywindsor.ca or call 519-253-2300 ext. 2726.
The City of Windsor invites local entertainers to join in the celebration of Bright Lights Windsor 2018.
Programming and activities will take place at Jackson Park between December 7, 2018 and January 6, 2019 at the Welcoming Gates with performances to occur on Fridays and Saturdays, between 6:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Smaller groups may fill the role of wandering minstrels and provide entertainment between 6:00 p.m. – 8:00 p.m.
Honorariums are available for participating entertainers.
Applicants must currently reside in the region of Windsor/Essex.
Applications will be juried; jury decisions are final.
Applicant must be a member of the entertainment and/or group.
Entertainers performing in the park without festival approval will be removed.
All accepted entertainers will be required to sign an artist agreement and waiver.
The City of Windsor invites local artisans, designers, makers and local food/beverage vendors to join in the celebration of Bright Lights Windsor 2018.
Vendor huts are individual wooden units that are approximately 10' x 8'. Applications will be accepted for single vendor hut use or multi vendor hut use (max three vendors per hut).
Late applications will be received, but acceptance will be based on jury results and availability of space.
Applicant must be the sole designer/creator/producer of the work being produced.
Accepted vendors must be in attendance at the festival and must staff their own booth.
Vendors must exhibit the type of work/items approved in advance through this process.
Each booth is intended for the accepted exhibitor(s) only.
Vendors sharing booth space, without being assigned by the festival organizers, will be asked to leave.
Successfully selected vendors will be required to provide a deposit of $25 per day. Deposits will be returned to all vendors post event.
Two-week cancellation notice is required to cancel without forfeiting your deposit.
All vendors are required to supply their own, tables, table cloths, chairs, etc.
All vendors will be required to sign a vendor waiver. All food/beverage vendors will be required to supply a certificate of insurance and business license upon acceptance.
The City is seeking to commission a local architect, student of architecture, landscape architect, interior designer, artist, industrial designer or multi-disciplinary team to create 1 of 4 warming shelters that will be integrated into Bright Lights Windsor. The commissioned shelter must be installed no later than November 23, 2018. Applicants may apply to construct one or all four of the warming shelters with the deadline remaining firm.
The competition is open to applicants living in the City of Windsor or within Essex County. Applications may be made by individuals or a group of collaborators (all collaborators must be residents within the region). Multi-disciplinary teams are encouraged including local architect, student of architecture, landscape architect, interior designer, artist, industrial designer.
Please see Project Guidelines for detailed application and eligibility requirements.
The City of Windsor is inviting local artists to participate in enhancing and creating a Public Art Installation, which will be displayed as part of Bright Lights Windsor.
The City is seeking to commission an artist or artist-led team to create three new works of light based, sculptural art that will be integrated into Bright Lights Windsor. The commissioned artist(s) will have to have installed their project by the third week of November, 2018. Artists may apply for one or more of the locations (see locations below) with the deadline remaining firm.
Projects must focus on memory making opportunities for our community to experience a spectacular backdrop of thousands of lights and stunning displays, a wonderland shared with family and friends.
Applications may be made by individual artists or a group of artist collaborators (all artist collaborators must be residents within the region). Please see Project Guidelines for detailed application and eligibility requirements.


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Cambridge Core covers over 1 million journal articles and 30,000+ books in all subject areas.
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Subject coverage: Peer reviewed journals, articles, book chapters and open access content.
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Provides citations and abstracts of articles published in scholarly journals across the sciences, social sciences, and arts & humanities.


We just had an amazing Christmas dinner here. The prime rib was so tender and juicy. Their gluten free bread was fresh and hot out of the oven. Their gluten free desserts were amazing as well and we actually had two to chose from. Great staff and wonderful service. I would highly recommend it.
Wonderful staff. Personal gf roll made at each meal for us. It was paradise!
Great selection of gluten free options -- they have a full printed gluten free menu, and were very knowledgeable. The food was amazing! Highly recommend the prime rib au jus.
a good selection of GF options and really delicious. it's in a hotel, so a different environment than we were expecting, but turned out to be really lovely and excellent food.
Ask for a separate GF menu when getting seated. The staff knew exactly what we needed with no questions or to big of an explanation and assured us they had a separate gf food prep area. The food was phenomenal! The gf rolls where especially amazing, we ordered a separate round! Although we didn't realize it was a fancy place until walking in all muddied out from a big hike starving. They were super gracious and sat us anyway with no reservation and no problems. Great experience.
Excellent food and service. Wait staff was very knowledgeable of items that contain gluten and how to adapt dishes to accommodate. The gluten free muffin was the best I had on the island, wish I had requested another. My only compliant with this place is that the quality of food does not really match the atmosphere of the restaurant. Interior is a bit run down with bad lightning. Was seated in what appeared to be a tented portion with table facing the plastic tent fabric as opposed to looking out into the restaurant.
An excellent meal, with a knowledgable staff. there is an extensive GF menu. Very good GF bread. I'll be back next time I'm in Kauai.
I would give this place a 10 star rating if I could. They were very knowledgeable and accommodating to my celiac needs. The food was fantastic! Prime rib with auJus! Yum yum yum. They have a homemade bread that is the best I have ever had.
Drinks ok, poke, gf bread and soup delicious, entree ehhh mediocre for the price. Did not get sick!
Dedicated gf menu. Excellent fillet and mushroom chicken!
Amazing! If I could give 6 stars I would. The husband and I went here for a nice dinner and it was by far one of the best fillets we both had! Service is great, separate gluten free menu, they even have some of the best gluten free breads we've had! If you are looking for a nice place to eat and just enjoy it this is a must rather you're on vacation or a local looking for a nice place to eat.
One of the best meals of our trip - we even ate there twice! Delicious and reasonably priced for the high quality and location. There were many options on a separate GF menu, & all of our food actually came out hot and delicious! They even offer gluten free bread + oil/vinegar (it's not a very good combination, but at least they try). The first time, I had the chicken + mushrooms and the second time I had the filet mignon. My husband had pork tenderloin medallions and then the three fish sampler - all of it was incredibly good! The second time, we ordered the creme brûlée and it was amazing!
My husband and I loved Hukilau Lanai. We went for our fancy honeymoon dinner. Their cocktails were great and the staff was very knowledgeable about ingredients in the food. I got the pineapple gazpacho (has pineapple sorbet -which is perfect for me being dairy free) and my husband got their salad. With mine I ordered the wahoo with red peanut curry sauce on jasmine rice, and my husband ordered the ahi with red chile sauce. We couldn't stop raving about how delicious everything tasted together and how well the fish was cooked. One of the highlights of our trip so far. To end our dinner they brought us a chocolate truffles for a honeymoon gift.
Very expensive, but VERY VERY VERY good. The service is OUTSTANDING! Our server was Brenden and he was so aware and diligent of gluten free (and dairy free) options on the menu. The best experience I have ever had at a restaurant when it comes to my allergy. I got the steak (HUGE) and it was the best steak I have ever had in my life and probably ever will. The coconut colada is delicious as well so try that over the mai tai :) GO HERE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The food tasted great. The service was the best we've had in quite some time. Hina made sure we had everything we needed and was able to answer all of our questions about their gluten free options. Yes, it is pricey but in this case, worth it. I highly recommend it.
ate there with my Celiac daughter 3/17. Very knowledgeable staff . We never go anywhere before I call and speak with at least with the manager if not the chef. One of the biggest GF selections I have seen so far that brought big smile on our faces. They bring out the food separately to avoid even touching the food and cross contaminating. They have GF bread that they prepare fresh so takes a little time. Also they have GF dessert . Your celiac or gluten sensitive friends will certainty not feel left out here . one of t he best meals we had on the island !! My daughter had no issues afterwards which is the true test .
Had a wonderful GF meal there. I ordered the tasting meal which is available between 5 and 5:45 only. I mentioned gluten free and the server said "no problem" and even brought me excellent GF rolls. They have lots of GF options and will go out of their way to accomdate you.
My waiter was very knowledgeable about the menu and what was gluten free and what was not. Plus they serve gluten free bread with your meal.
Their GF menu is extensive, the food is delicious, and they even serve a very good GF bread before the meal. Highly recommend!
had plenty of gf options including appetizers, dinner, and dessert. even served warm gf bread with oil during dinner. great place for gf eaters!
GF menu and they will adapt most other choices to GF as well. Setting is semi-casual, semi cheesy Hawaiian style, but cute. Service was excellent, all food was very good. BBQ ribs and salads were my favorite. French press coffee is excellent, Creme Brûlée was too sweet for my taste. Definitely recommend. They make it easy to be GF.
The food was amazing. So many GlutenFree options. I had the mixed grill. 3 different fishes. The Gf bread was the best I have had. Husband had the taste menu which can be made GF. Our server was very knowledgeable regarding GF and Celiac.
Loved! Some of the best food I've had. In addition to celiac I have some other allergies and restrictions. I've had to go grain, nut, soy and dairy free until my digestive system heals. They were so accommodating and checked on every last ingredient. Wonderful food, wonderful atmosphere and the peace of mind made it so much more enjoyable!
Excellent restaurant. Enjoyed the hot bread, Caesar salad, and Wally's peppered steak medallions. We made reservations to go back the night we leave the Island. Average cost is $40 per person. No issues from eating here.
Our dinning experience from the moment we sat down was delightful. Kaya our waitress was as sweet as she could be. Our food was delicious too by the way. They have excellent gluten free bread a great salad, and Mac crusted chicken. Would definitely come back!
Mac crusted chicken yummy! waiter checked everything for ALL of my allergies. he also brought me a sweater and a blanket, which I hate to admit I needed being from Wisconsin. live music was nice too.
The food was delicious and the service was outstanding!
GF bread was amazing. Very knowledgable about GF. Great view from patio. Expensive but very worth it. Had the poke app and macadamia crusted chicken and mixed seafood entrees.
The restaurant had a separate gluten free menu that had enough variety to satisfy most patrons. Our server, Janice, was very aware of Celiac and other food allergies/concerns. The owner(s) of the restaurant are very allergy conscience and strive to provide a worry free meal. Janice also went over the regular menu and indicated which dishes could be made gluten free and which could not. We were also informed that a completely separate ticket entry is made for those with food concerns. I very much enjoyed my mixed grill fish platter and an excellent pineapple tomato gazpacho. Was the best meal of our honeymoon.
This was the best meal I've had since being gluten free. They have a separate gluten-free menu with several amazing choices including 4 appetizer options. That never happens! They even had gluten-free bread that they served when they brought out focaccia for my husband. I had the ahi poke, Wally's salad, Wally's steak medallions, and creme brûlée. My husband had the calamari (he said it was a bit salty), the eggplant soup, and the pork tenderloin. We both could not stop raving about the food. I would recommend this to anyone coming to Kauai. However, be wary of the salad. I noticed a crouton in mine when they brought it out.
Great GF food and knowledgeable staff!!
This place is my choice for all holiday meals! I went here for Thanksgiving and Christmas this past year. I actually haven't eaten here on a non-holiday but based on the selection of GF food and caring/knowledgable staff, this is one of the best GF options on the island!
The food was very good, and they have a dedicated gluten free menu and good knowledge of the issue. They brought me delicious gluten free bread and a refill when I devoured it! On the pricey side. Be sure to bring a sweater in the winter as seating is outside.
Wow. I can't say enough wonderful things about this place. We got the candied ahi appetizer and my husband raved about it. The brought out fresh, moist, warm gluten-free bread (YUM). And had great choices on their GF menu. I got the mixed grill. It was delicious. The staff is very knowledgable and courteous as well. I would tell any if my GF friends that they must go here for dinner at least once!
Best. Food. Ever. From the gf rolls and salad to the main course (we had the Mahi Mahi and Crown Royal) to the dessert, everything was cooked to perfection and served in a friendly, beautiful environment but priced reasonably. Bravo Chef Ron Miller....Bravo!!!
We went there due to the reviews but were disappointed. Pros: our server know about Celiac and GF. Affordable wine list. Great view of the Kauai Coast Resort pool area. Cons: food the level of a weak Red Lobster restaurant. My fish was dry and the plate was very unappealing looking. The sashimi appetizer was good, but our main course (the seafood combo) was very forgettable. Our server made up for the weak food, but I wouldn't go back.
They had a real GF menu for us. And willing to make just about anything on the regular menu GF. Amazing! I even got my own GF warm roll. A definite return to place!
Fabulous food & great staff. The Wally's salad is the best we've ever had. I'd give it 6 stars if I could!
By far the best restaurant we've eaten at on the island!!! Staff was very knowledgable about GF. They have a GF menu with many choices and start you with fresh baked GF bread which was really good. We both had the tasting dinner which had 5 small courses. The candied ahi with coconut chipotle sauce was excellent!! They make you feel like serving GF has always been their plan, not an afterthought like some restaurants. If you are only going to try one resultant while here this would be the one I choose. It beats the other favorites like Roy's, and Dukes hands down.
Desperate gluten free menu and staff was very knowledgable and accommodating on what sauces were gluten free or not. This was our best meal on Kauai so definitely go if you're in or near Kapa'a.
Gluten free bread, they gave me the recipe. So good about gluten free and delicious!


Hello, everyone, What is your favourite VPN Service for 2017?
Even though I'm using pure VPN at the moment and happy with them, is there any others that are good for future reference?
Any reason you are unhappy with pure at the moment?
I am happy with pure but are there others you can recommend?
Any VPN that works with Netflix USA gets my vote so i voted for Express VPN although CybrGhost does work sometimes. Not sure what others work with Netflix.
Well, this last time i say that in puplic nor private, don't like why people care make a research even tinyminy on internet about this things. But, i understand, it is easier just ask. My top 1 choise as a ex-worker/betatester many years in AirVpn which REALLY is opensource as you can look at their forum/site you saw there a lot of things like other provides keep in secret(bad thing) for many reason not all. Actually i don't tell more , VPN- names you can just searhx:it or something. I have over 15 yrs experience do a testing so many other providers who i have been then have been telling bugs/leaking/some other issues that could fixet. I know many devs/owner about VPN-provider's and i have made some reviews also in the past. But, yeah so my top 1 is said i think thats nuff!
AirVPN. High privacy value. No logging. High speed connections. Decent forum support. Router compatible. Open source. Not the cheapest, but then again... depends upon what service you need.
Privacy not an issue for you? Then go cheap elsewhere.
Playing P2P? Then you can remove Freedome from F-Secure from your wishlist, and your current service (that "Pure" VPN) is in question since last issue was discovered on other forum. Personally, I prefer using my own server from DigitalOcean and another backup service from KeepSolid to bypass internet censorship and speed throttling.
No logs, encryption, affordable prices, lots of servers, good support.
SecurityKiss because is fast, reliable and has good servers and never had any lags, so i voted for other in the thread. The most important: it is not part of the "Fourteen Eyes" countries.
Hamachi and Streisand are worth reading about as starting points .
AirVPN. High privacy value. No logging. High speed connections. Decent forum support.
These are what I call " The Solid Six "
I call them that because they do not leak your real IP , even on reconnect .
that you may be trying to keep private , if the connection drops then auto-reconnects.
This will be like waving a flag to the ISP , and anyone else who may be observing your traffic.
If that isn't " throwing out the baby with the bathwater " , I don't know what is .
The author , mirimir has written superb guides on many aspects of VPN use , and related issues .
My own testing is puny compared to his work but I have sure found some duff ones !


Mayweather Vs. Pacquiao, Broker Selling Ringside Seats … For $87,000 Each!!
Fatburger To Floyd Mayweather  Don't Leave Us Champ … We Made A Skinny Burger For You!!
Boxer Braydon Smith's HEART has been donated to save another person's life.


Vermont's Essex Culinary Resort & Spa is a truly unique and special place to take a family vacation. It's located in a beautiful, serene part of Vermont, offering activities such as hiking and biking in the surrounding areas. The theme and essence of the resort is cooking, and the resort offers opportunities for everyone in the family to get in on the cooking action. From taking classes to simply having a meal made of fresh, homegrown ingredients in one of their restaurants, it's easy to indulge in the resort's culinary mission. Accommodation options include 120 rooms and suites with kitchenette facilities. Additional onsite activities include swimming, tennis, golf and a full-service spa.


text:
Netflix Squid Game schools warning sent to parents
Image source, Netflix
Image caption, Netflix's Korean thriller Squid Game has become a worldwide sensation
A council has written to parents and guardians of school children warning of the dangers of "replicating games from the Squid Game programme".
The Netflix South Korean thriller series tells the story of debt-ridden people competing for a huge cash prize in a deadly series of children's games.
Its popularity prompted Central Bedfordshire Council to email parents about "aggressive" primary pupils.
They were advised to "be vigilant", as first reported by The Guardian.
The email said: "There have been some concerning reports recently about children and young people 'playing' Squid Game whilst at school.
"Squid Game is also being viewed via other platforms such as YouTube and TikTok, and given the popularity of the games in the show, developers have made various mini-games based on Squid Game on Roblox and other gaming platforms."
Image caption, Squid Game is rated 15 on Netflix
The Netflix series is rated 15.
The council email continued: "We strongly advise that children should not watch Squid Game. The show is quite graphic with a lot of violent content."
The council told the BBC: "Last week our education safeguarding team were made aware that some primary-aged children in one of our schools were behaving aggressively on the playground while replicating games from the Squid Game programme.
"It was felt that these young children had seen clips of the programme, which has a rating of 15 due to its graphic nature, on social media.
"Following the concerns raised, the team shared information about parental settings, and resources to support parents to keep their children safe online."
Find BBC News: East of England on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. If you have a story suggestion email eastofenglandnews@bbc.co.uk
The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites.
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'Two things' that make Omicron different

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Previous investments
Hartwall Capital is a Finnish, family owned investment company aiming to create sustainable value growth through active ownership.
457 Value of holding
EURm
6 Number of portfolio
Hartwall Capital has its roots in Oy Hartwall Ab, a beverage company established in 1836. Hartwall Capital's investment activity started in 2008 when the shares of the beverage company were sold, and the owners transformed their holding in the beverage industry into ownership in an investment company.
Hartwall Capital invests in listed and non-listed companies. The common denominator for all investments is that Hartwall Capital is able to identify opportunities to develop the company's business and create value through active ownership.
By pooling the owners' capital, Hartwall Capital plays a significant role in Finnish industry through its portfolio companies.
Hartwall Capital invests in significant stakes in listed and non-listed companies. The geographical investment scope is focused on the Nordics with the primary focus on Finland. The target companies may represent different sectors and be in different phases of the company life cycle, however, past their start-up phase.
Hartwall Capital's values
Together we are stronger
People are our greatest asset. As a small working community, we thrive only through co-operation with various stakeholders: together we are more than the sum of our parts. Close collaboration towards common goals enables us to achieve our objectives as an active owner.
Teams are the core of our companies. Our teamwork is based on a supportive working environment, open communication, and respect towards others. Our teams consist of talented people and we support their continuous growth and development and are committed to promoting their wellbeing.
We pursue a high standard
We expect high integrity and ethics from ourselves and the people around us. We are dedicated professionals with great ambitions. Our decisions are based on facts and diligent work. Being a respected business partner with a strong and solid corporate identity is essential for us, and we are committed to doing our best in preserving such an image. We act transparently in an accountable manner, take ownership over our work, and anticipate the same from our companies and other stakeholders.
We do good by doing great
The Hartwall family has a history of achieving great things together and being an acknowledged contributor in the society. We embrace that legacy by continuing on that path and striving to responsibly increase the company's value for future generations. In order to prosper over time, we believe that the value creation must be built on sustainable and long-term business success which in turn contributes positively to the welfare of people, society and environment.
Pekka Puustinen joins Hartwall Capital
Hartwall Capital is strengthening its leadership team by welcoming Pekka Puustinen as Managing Director, Co-Head of Investments. Hartwall Capital has appointed Pekka Puustinen as Managing…
Hartwall Capital Company Presentation / 2021
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gquFARMCZhBztcvJ
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text:
An *experimental* nodejs microservices for handling image processing

Support for **Docker** through **Wercker**
## Start development with local nodejs (recommended)
### Prerequisites
- nodejs

### Instructions
1. First install the dependencies using `npm install`
2. To start with development, you have 3 options:
   - **LOCAL** - execute `npm run dev` and keep it running in terminal
       *Note: this start your web app at port 3000 by default.*
       *every time you update your js files. it will auto re-run this.*
   - **DEBUG** - execute `npm run dev:debug` and keep it running in terminal
       *Note: same as the above local mode*
       *Open debug console at* `http://127.0.0.1:1337/?port=5858`
   - **BDD** - execute `npm run bdd` and keep it running in terminal
       *Note: this will not start your web app but continuous testing.*
       *every time you update your js files. it will auto restart test cases.*

## Alternatives (using Wercker)
### Prerequisites
- docker for Mac/Windows/Linux (*or virtualbox 5.0.20 + boot2docker-vagrant*)
- wercker cli

### Wercker dev
For some reason you might don't want to use nodejs in your local machine.
Then you can still start development using **wercker cli**:

1. To start with development using **wercker**
    execute `wercker dev --expose-ports=true`
     (same as using the recommended *DEBUG* mode above)
     *Open debug console at* `http://DOCKER_HOST_IP:1337/?port=5858`
2. If you would like to do **BDD** please refer to `wercker.yml`

```yml
dev:
  steps:
    #
    # ...
    #
    # make sure this part is commented out
    # - script:
    #     name: start dev environment
    #     code: npm run dev:debug

    # make sure the code below is not commented
    - script:
        name: start bdd environment
        code: npm run bdd
```

### Wercker build
1. To push the development container to docker.
   Modify the`wercker.yml` as below

  ```yml
  build:
    steps:

      # make sure the code below is not commented
      - script:
          name: set deploy image repository
          code: export DEPLOY_IMAGE_REPO=${DEPLOY_IMAGE_REPO="$DOCKER_USERNAME/$DOCKER_REPO"}
      - internal/docker-push:
          username: $DOCKER_USERNAME  # replace DOCKER_USERNAME with your docker hub user name
          password: $DOCKER_PASSWORD  # replace DOCKER_PASSWORD with your docker hub password
          repository: $DEPLOY_IMAGE_REPO # replace DOCKER_REPO with your docker hub registries name. eg: sample-svc
          working-dir: $WERCKER_SOURCE_DIR
          entrypoint: gulp dev --debug
          tag: debug-build
          ports:
             - "3000"  # nodejs port
             - "1337"  # chrome UI for debugging
             - "5858"  # port for node-inspector debugging socket

  ```

2. Make sure setting up **X_DOCKER_USERNAME**, **X_DOCKER_PASSWORD**, **X_DOCKER_REPO** in the local.env file
Then execute the following command in terminal
`wercker --environment config/container_env/local.env build`
*OR*
Make sure the **$DOCKER_USERNAME**, **$DOCKER_PASSWORD** and **$DOCKER_REPO** are replaced with actual value.
Then execute `wercker build` in terminal

3. If you wish to load environment variables into `wercker.yml` , you could copy `config/container_env/local.env.sample` and paste/rename it as `config/container_env/local.env`.  *Don't worry this file would not be stored in git*
All environment variables (with prefix `X_`) from the file will be made available (access without `X_`) to `wercker.yml`. For example, `X_DOCKER_REPO` will become `DOCKER_REPO` in the `wercker.yml`.  [Learn more](http://devcenter.wercker.com/cli/configuration/environment-variables.html)
Then execute the following command:

```shell
wercker --environment config/container_env/local.env build
# OR
wercker --environment config/container_env/local.env dev
```

## Logging

```js
// { emerg: 0, alert: 1, crit: 2, error: 3, warning: 4, notice: 5, info: 6, debug: 7 }
winston.warn('something might go wrong')
winston.error('something went wrong')
```

## Folder structures
1. Business logics in **src**
2. API routes in **src/SERVICE_NAME/routes**
3. Test cases in **test**
4. API doc & Test coverage report **docs**
5. Configuration files for various environments **config/env**
6. Configuration file that sit in your local machine only **config/env/local/default.js**
7. Environment variable for wercker runtime **config/container_env**

## Wercker workflow
We have created a continuous delivery workflow as below:

![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/0qfoMaB.png)

Here is what happens in the pipelines:

1. build
    - npm install
    - unit test

2. the following pipelines will run concurrently and each of these will start with loading environment variables using `env-provisioner.sh` (see below)
    - build docker image for development use -> deploy to kubernetes
    - rebuild for npm for production use -> build docker image for production use -> deploy to kubernetes
    - update test coverage report and api docs to s3

*Fetch env vars provisioner script*

  - load the **MASTER_S3_CONFIG** from env vars (wercker dashboard)
  - fetch `default-env-vars.sh` from s3
  - cache it as `env-provisioner.sh`

### Workflow setup
1. Configure `config/container_env/env-provisioner.sh.sample`, and store it as `default-env-vars.sh` in your s3 bucket (root level).
   You can then expose the common environment variables to wercker steps as below.

   ![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/KgioS8S.png)

2. Copy `config/container_env/master.s3.config.sample` as `config/container_env/master.s3.config`. *Don't worry this file would not be stored in git*
  Open it and configure it with the your s3 credentials to access the `default-env-vars.sh` that you created in **step 1**.

3. Execute the following command in your project directory.
   You should be seeing a long and random string. copy the value.
  ```shell
  # cd to/your/current/project/directory
  echo $(cat config/container_env/master.s3.config | base64)
  ```
  Then go to wercker dashboard look for the section 'Environment'.
  Create a new environment variable called **MASTER_S3_CONFIG** and paste the value that you copied earlier into the 'value' column.

  ![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/9JZwuCI.png)

4. There is a few more wercker related environment variable that you have to configure from the **Wercker Dashboard**.
Below is a list of available environment variables that are required by the pipelines such as build, test, deploy, etc.
Note: For the application level env vars see [this](#application-env-vars).

| Environment Variables | Description |
| --------------------- | ----------- |
| DEPLOY_SERVICE_PORT   | Optional. port number to access this service. default to `2200` |
| DEPLOY_IMAGE_TAG   | optional. docker image tag. default to `development` |
| DEPLOY_IMAGE_PULL_SECRET   | optional. if you are using image pull secrets please refer to [k8s image pull secrets](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/images/#using-a-private-registry) |
| DOCKER_USERNAME   | optional. if you are using docker hub. eg: `axnux` |
| DOCKER_PASSWORD   | optional. if you are using docker hub. |
| DOCKER_REPO   | **Require**. eg: `img-svc` |

| Application Env Vars | Description |
| --------------------- | ----------- |
| IMAGE_AWS_S3_KEY_ID   | **Require** |
| IMAGE_AWS_S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY   | **Require** |
| IMAGE_AWS_S3_BUCKET   | **Require** |
| IMAGE_AWS_S3_REGION   | **Require** |
| IMAGE_UPLOAD_DIR   | optional. default to '/tmp/upload' |

### Config & Config Merging
To use the configuration
```js
var config = require('config/default')
console.log(config.appName) // img-svc
```

The loading sequence of the configuration file:

1. Load `config/env/default.js` (will always be overridden by `2`, `3`)
2. Load `config/env/{development|test|production}.js` (load only when it exists. default to development. will be overridden by `3`)
3. Load `config/env/local/default.js` (load only when it exists. you can create this file from `config/env/local/default.js.sample` and it will not be checked-in to git)

#### Notes:
1. It is recommended to place defaults/commons set of configurations in `config/env/default`.
2. If you are using a set of private credentials for local development, please put it in `config/env/local/default.js`. And then pass the actual credentials using environment variables for staging, production, testing, etc.  (as suggested by the [12factor app](https://12factor.net/) )
3. If the above `2` is inappropriate for your setup, you can also put it in environment specific configurations/credentials directly into any of the `config/env/{development|test|production}.js` file.

### Application Env Vars
There are few ways to set environment variables for Kubernetes pods:

1. **Option One** Set env vars in Wercker dashboard.
 For instance, if your application config requires a environment variables called *S3_REGION*
 then you can set the *S3_REGION* in wercker dashboard:

  ![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/A5iq1jF.png)

2. **Option Two** Set env vars in kubernetes configmap,
 then load it into the deployment file `deploy/service-template.yml`. [Learn more](http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/configmap/#use-case-consume-configmap-in-environment-variables)

3. **Option Three** (not recommended) Set env vars into Docker image itself.
For instance, if your application config requires a environment variables called *S3_REGION*
then you can set the *TEMPLATE_AWS_S3_REGION* in wercker dashboard.
And refer it at the *env* section in `wercker.yml` as below (same goes to other env vars):

  ![Imgur](http://i.imgur.com/nmwYhbK.png)

### More about `deploy/service-template.yml`
If you do not wish to expose your service to the public, just remove
`type: LoadBalancer` from it.

If you are using aws ecr private registry, please update the `deploy/service-template.yml` and `wercker.yml` accordingly.

If you are using private repositories please uncomment

```yml
...

imagePullSecrets:
  - name: {{DEPLOY_IMAGE_PULL_SECRET}}
```

## Contribution
Some of the wercker steps were created and used to meet the very specific needs for my projects. Thus feel free to submit **PULL REQUEST** for better solution/bug fixes :)

## Credits
Inspired by [MEANJS](https://github.com/meanjs/mean/)

## License
(The MIT License)

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
'Software'), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED 'AS IS', WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Today is an especially important day to celebrate the Domestic Violence Healthcare Partnership (DVHCP) between Center for Community Solutions (CCS) and Planned Parenthood of the Pacific Southwest (PPPSW), who have worked so passionately together to serve our clients and patients. In 2014, a formalized partnership was developed, addressing how intimate partner violence (IPV) impacts an… Read More Happy 18th annual Healthcare Cares about Domestic Violence Day!


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Washington Post: Mu Coronavirus Variant spreads to US and LA county.
covid-19Contagious DiseaseDisease
Tom Tap via Deadline https://deadline.com/2021/09/mu-variant-los-angeles-first-cases-new-covid-1234827340/
The Mu variant of the Coronavirus was marked as a variant of interest by the World Health Organization this past week. The designation indicates that the variant is potentially more transmissible than the original strand of the coronavirus, and some initial concerns were voiced surrounding the virus's immune escape abilities. However, more research is needed before officials can say with certainty the degree to which vaccination provides protection against the variant. The Mu variant was first reported in Colombia in January 2021, however, it has now been reported across the United States (roughly 2,000 cases). In Los Angeles County, 167 cases were reported from June 19th to August 21st. Read more about the spread of the Mu variant here and read the W.H.O's weekly report on the Coronavirus here.
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CNN: Biden says his administration will make free high-quality face masks available…


text:
Snogging in public: Are PDAs fashionable again?
Pucker up (Picture: Matt Baron/REX/Shutterstock)
Love them or loathe them, most people have an opinion on public displays of affection (PDAs).
Typically thought of as something teen couples indulge on the back row of the cinema, or at the bus stop after school, now celebrities are going out of their way to get a little bit frisky in public.
At the Grammys, Justin and Hailey Bieber were snapped having a slow peck on the red carpet, while Kourtney Kardashian and Travis Barker went for an all-out French kiss with visible tongue – making sure the cameras were all pointing in their direction.
So, is snogging in public cool and romantic again – or would we rather these celeb couples saved it for the bedroom and spared us all the discomfort?
At their best, PDAs can make people feel loved and desired.
Kate Moyle, a sex and relationships expert for sexual wellness brand LELO, says: 'Where PDAs can be good for a relationship is in terms of those in it feeling affirmed – as it's a public display of intimacy and connection, and that can be felt as a statement of pride in a relationship or partner.
'Many feel that it's a statement to the world of – "this is the person I love" – and this can also contribute to feelings of intimacy and connectedness.
'Physical affection, touch, kissing and eye contact also gives us an oxytocin boost which can promotes feelings of closeness.'
But, on the flipside, Kate explains it can be jarring for those who have to witness it.
'One side effect of PDA can be when there are others around who feel that it's interrupting – perhaps during a conversation, or if you are in a group that then means one person is excluded,' she says.
'As is true in the rest of life, context is key. For example, if a couple are with one other person who's not in their relationship then a PDA is less likely to be well received, as it's isolating for the other person.
'It can also be counter-intuitive sometimes in relationships if a couple, or one side of a couple is trying to use a PDA in order to prove a point – as we often see acted out in TV and film as a way of trying to make someone else jealous.
'Public displays of affection are pretty context-dependent as what is deemed more appropriate in one setting may not be in another, for example based on culture.'
It can also be a statement to compensate for a lack of happiness or stability in a relationship. We all know that couple who post gushing statements of 'love' for each other on Instagram every other day, regardless of what's going on behind closed doors.
Kourtney Kardashian and musician Travis Barker at last night's Grammys (Picture: Getty)
Ultimately, deciding whether to be intimate in front of other people is a personal decision that will be different for every couple.
Andy, a writer in London, believes PDAs can be a good thing for couples.
He says: 'I think we are increasingly isolated as a society and spend less and less time in physical contact with each other.
'Therefore, couples showing affection is good and a positive thing. Just keep it non-handsy.
'Any kissing where you can see tongues or anything that goes under clothes is definitely not cool in public. But most couples don't heavy PDA throughout the whole lifespan of their relationship. It generally cools off.'
His wife is 'broadly anti-PDA,' however, that can come with unexpected moments of romance.
'It makes touch more special in private,' he says.
More: Sex
How to not get tired when giving a blowjob
How I Do It: 'My week on a swinger's cruise with my husband'
Can you have sex during Ramadan?
Louella Alderson, a relationships expert and co-founder of So Synced, says there's an element of compromise at play here.
She says: 'If you and your partner can have an open conversation about how you both express your affection, this allows you to learn what your partner like and dislike.
'This means you can both adjust your expectations and find a compromise.
'Someone who doesn't enjoy PDA or kissing in public will most likely be able to become comfortable with something small like holding hands if they know it means a lot to their partner.
'This is good for a relationship as it shows that both people are adjusting their expectations and finding a happy medium.'
Natalie, a journalist from Manchester, has been in a relationship for the last decade and still enjoys subtle forms of PDA, like hand holding and quick shoulder rubs. Occasionally, there's a 'snog' in public too if they're out just the two of them.
She says: 'However, I always try to avoid it when we're in a group, because I really would never want to be that couple – the ones who are all over each other and make everyone else uncomfortable.
'I think for us, touching and being physically close to each other is just how we show our affection and how we remind each other that we are thinking of the other person.
'It's also fun and flirty and can be a bit of a secret language between us, like a precursor to what we might do when we get home, which is always exciting.
'I really don't mind seeing other couples displaying PDAs – to a point.
'I think groping crosses a line, or kissing with obvious tongues – I find it a bit OTT and it makes me feel like it's a bit of a performance for the people around them, rather than an organic display of affection.'
In circumstances like this, PDAs can feel a little grotesque to onlookers.
Louella says couples should 'read the room' and avoid making others feel 'awkward' in the wake of their passion. Celebrities, take note.
She says: 'Make sure you are showing public displays of affection for the right reasons and not to show off your relationship to other people.
'This is usually obvious to those around you and your partner can probably tell too.'
These people aren't fooling anyone.
How to get over your discomfort with PDA
If you want to get better at showing love to your partner physically and in public, this is what the experts advise.
Communication: Couples may feel differently about levels of PDA, and importantly it needs to be communicated between them as for one partner it may feel like an important part of a relationship whereas for another it may not. We can internalise the assumption that our partner is pulling away from us rather than the act if we don't understand each other and this can cause unnecessary communication difficulties between partners.
Affirmations: Positively affirm to your partner what you do enjoy and feel comfortable with, use statements like, 'It made me feel really loved when you kissed me at the bar,' or, 'I love it when you randomly reach out and hold my hand in public.'
Balance: Many people feel validated and that PDA is a way of showing the world that they are coupled, and for other's it might make them feel uncomfortable or that it brings unwanted attention. How we all feel is based on a mix of our personalities, experiences and the contexts we are in – and if you and your partner aren't on exactly the same page then don't jump to taking it personally. Try saying something like, 'Kissing in public feels a bit much for me, but I love the feeling of you standing with your arms around me.'
Louella says:
Small steps: Push yourself a little further out of your comfort zone each time you try PDA, and if you aren't comfortable at that pace, you can stop and tell your partner you want to slow it down.
Widen your perspective: It's important to remember that most people aren't focusing on you or your PDA. Take a look around and you will see that people won't be looking and they won't care.
MORE : Oscars 2022: Kristen Stewart kisses fiancée Dylan Meyer in loved-up red carpet appearance
MORE : Grammys 2022: Kourtney Kardashian and Travis Barker heat up red carpet with passionate PDA fest
MORE : Even the Oscars red carpet isn't even safe from Kourtney Kardashian and Travis Barker's PDA
How to stop being so influenced by others when it comes to dating
David Walliams 'joins celebrity dating app Raya' and hopes pet dogs will spark love match


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text:
About Meco Engineering
Dam Safety Management
Acadia Street Parking Lot
Blast Wall Design & Construction Services
Factorydale Dam & Spillway Stabilization
Lake George Dam
Lepper Brook Dam
Gulch Electrical Refurbishment
Meco Cares
Small Dams in Canada
What is a small dam? Who is a small dam owner? Simple enough questions but they are continuously raised as an item for discussion, not only in Canada but internationally. Large dams are significant engineering achievements and their profile with the public is justifiably high. By contrast, small dams have a relatively low public profile. However, it is intuitively understood in the dam safety community across Canada that small dams outnumber large dams by a wide margin. Moreover, small dams frequently have Consequence Classifications or High or greater; however, their lower profile with the general public often results in dam safety programs for these structures being a lower priority.
The benefit of seeking clarity on the characteristics of small dams and small dam owners is of importance to the dam safety community because failure of a small dam can be just as fatal as failure of a large dam. Generally speaking, small dams fail more frequently than large dams. ICOLD Bulletin 109 "Dams less than thirty metres high (1997)" hinted that while a failure at large dams is catastrophic for the downstream population, the cumulative effect of more numerous small dam failures is greater and that the incident of dam failure is greater for small dams (i.e., >2% and opposed to 2% for large dams).
Qualitatively, there are several reasons why this may be the case.
Small dams have different uses than large dams, which are typically used for hydroelectric generation and tailings retention. Small dams are typically used for irrigation, municipal water supplies, storm water management, etc. and as a consequence, tend to be, by default, closer to the service population.
The effort required by engineers for small dam design and construction monitoring is proportionally as time consuming as for large dam activities. However, due to cost constraints, typically less time is approved for engineering and construction monitoring. This leads to reduced investigation, design and construction monitoring costs which may lead to substandard designs and poor construction quality.
Dams frequently are engineered structures and viewed by the public to carry implied levels of reliability and safety that may not have been imparted to the structure during design or construction.
Often, less experienced "local" contractors are used to construct, repair or maintain small dams. These contractors have limited resources and sometimes use "farm dam" practices during construction with resulting poor long term performance.
There are some beliefs that imply that old dams tend to get better with age (or at least do no experience any deterioration) and therefore do not require regular maintenance or attention.
The limited resources of a small owner may result in regulatory requirements being viewed as too onerous for higher consequence structures that are candidates for rehabilitation to meet current safety standards.
The lower profile afforded to small dams could results in downstream consequences of dam failures not being fully considered in permitting for development downstream of the dam (e.g., residences, schools, roads, or pipelines).
There is no established definition of a small dam in Canada or internationally. The ICOLD definition of a large dam is presented in Table 1.
Table 1: ICOLD definition of a large dam
* Height of dam is measured from the foundation.
By ICOLD standards, any dam greater than fifteen (15) metres in height is a large dam. For dams that are between ten (10) metres and fifteen (15) metres in height, they are considered a large dam if they are greater than 500 metres in length, retain more than 1,000,000 m3 of water at maximum operating level, or have a flood discharge greater than 2,000 m3/s. By default, a small dam is typically defined as anything that doesn't qualify as a large dam.
One difference between the CDA Guidelines and ICOLD is the definition of height. ICOLD measures height from the foundation, including any cut-off, where as Canadian practice is to measure from the downstream toe of the dam. While this is of interest to ICOLD, the definition adopted for the current study defines height as measured from the downstream toe.
Another definition of interest is the definition of a dam in the Canadian Dam Association (CDA) Dam Safety Guidelines (CDA Guidelines), 2007, which defines a dam as:
A barrier which is constructed for the retention of water, water containing any other substance, fluid waste, or tailings, provided the barrier is capable of impounding at least 30,000 m3 of liquid and is at least 2.5 m high. Height is measures vertically to top of the barrier, as follows:
i. From the natural bed of the stream of watercourse at the downstream toe of the barrier, in the case of a barrier across a stream or watercourse; or ii. From the lowest elevation at the outside limit of the barrier, in the case of a barrier that is not across a stream or watercourse.
In these guidelines, the term dam includes appurtenances and systems incidental to, necessary for, or in connection with, the barrier. The definition may be expanded to include dams less than 2.5 m high or with an impoundment capacity less than 30,000 m3 if the consequence of dam operation or failure are likely to be unacceptable to the public, such as:
i. Dams with erodible foundations that, if breached, could lower the reservoir more than 2.5 m; or ii. Dams containing contaminated substances.
The CDA Guidelines definition captures a much broader definition of dams than ICOLD, and it was used in the current study to identify the lower bound definition of a small dam. Structures that are smaller than the CDA Guidelines definition that were considered in this study are classified as "other" structures.
It is the experience of the authors that dams approaching or greater than 15 m in height are more likely to have some, if not all, of the usual elements of a dam safety management program in place. Conversely, the reverse is generally true for dams under 6 m in height, especially those owned by an individual or corporate entity that owns a limited number of dams.
When assessing the risk associated with any given dam, the "size" of the owner can be as important of a consideration as the height of the dam or volume of the reservoir. Dam owners with significant operating budgets (E.g., hydroelectric companies, watershed authorities, government departments) can more readily afford the costs associated with a dam safety management program and typically maintain knowledgeable technical and operations staff who are more likely to have dam safety as a priority in their job descriptions. "Small" owners of dams more often than not lack the staff with sufficient knowledge to maintain a dam safety management program and/or lack the financial resources required to establish such a program.
3. OBJECTIVES
To date, the only available public information on the characteristics of dams in Canada is a CD and a short document "Dams in Canada" prepared by the CDA (CDA, 2003) and some limited data on the CDA Website. The CDA Website lists an approximate number of dams for each province in the Regulators section. Given the large number of small dams that are intuitively known to exist in Canada, the authors undertook this study to provide greater insight on the numbers of small dams in each database and the characteristics of small dam owners. This study is of particular importance to the CDA as it engages, involves and serves the Canadian dam community.
4. SOURCES OF DATA
Regulation of dams is a provincial jurisdiction in Canada and each province delegates responsibility for regulation through a departmental agency. The agencies that were requested to provide dam databases to the authors are as follows:
Newfoundland & Labrador Department of Environment and Conservation, Water Resources Management Division;
Nova Scotia Department of Environment and Labour;
Quebec Centre d'Expertise Hydrique;
Alberta Environment; and
British Columbia Ministry of Environment - Dam Safety Branch.
Combined, the five regions have submitted databases that encompass nearly six thousand dams registered across a broad spectrum of sizes, classes, etc. The databases provided were assessed for the current study. A general description of the data is presented in Table 2.
Table 2: Summary of data
*About 1000 dams in British Columbia have no recorded height. There are 188 dams greater than 10 m in height. **The database provided for Quebec did not include about 2550 dams under 2.5 m in height or with reservoirs less than 30,000 m3
There are some discrepancies between the number of the dams included in each database and what is presented in the Regulators section of the CDA Website.
Overall, the five jurisdictions represented in the study represent fifty two (52) percent of the population of Canada, or just over seventeen (17) million Canadians and thirty seven (37) percent of the land mass, or 3.36 million square kilometers. Additionally, the database includes provinces from across Canada in various physiographical regions that include the Maritimes, the Canadian Shield, the Prairies and the Western Cordillera and west coast regions. It is the opinion of the authors that the sampled population of dams considered in this study is sufficiently representative of the complete dam population in Canada to support the discussions presented in this paper. The authors welcome and encourage additional studies to further investigate the statistics of small dams in provinces and territories not included in this study.
Another source of data used to compile the overall statistics was the ICOLD registry of dams. Where practical, data from the provincial databases provided to the authors was compared with the ICOLD registry to ensure all structures were included in the database. In some cases, the names were different and it is possible the database provided to the authors may have missed or double counted a structure. However, due to the high level nature of this review, we believe the instances are minimal and do not effect the overall assessment and results.
5. DATABASE REVIEW
Data which were common to most the databases include:
Ownership;
Number, type, and height of dams in the province;
Consequence classification;
Uses of existing dams; and
Reservoir volume.
The systems used for data entry were not completely consistent between the various databases and some data fields were not completely filled out for all dams within certain databases. Additionally, some of the databases were in the process of being revised and improved when the study discussed herein was conducted. In the case of the British Columbia database, a summary "central" database was provided to the authors for use in this study. Regional databases maintained by the various dam safety officers are understood to be complete. The "central" British Columbia database is currently being revised.
For all provinces considered, the type of owner and/or purpose of the dam were generalized into the following groups
Hydroelectric;
Industrial/Mining;
Municipality (e.g., water supply, sewage lagoons);
Private ownership (includes agricultural);
Government; and
Non-Government Wetlands Conservation.
The type of ownership has ben approximated to a reasonable degree. In the interests of maintaining the privacy of the various owners (mandated by some of the regulators who provided databases to the authors), confirmation of the nature of ownership was not conducted. This is a potential source of error in the processing of the various databases.
The databases maintained by the various regulators do not use consistent consequence classification systems. The databases reviewed by the authors generally use either the consequence classification systems presented in 1999 or the 2007 CDA Guidelines or some similar system. The consequence classifications used in the various databases have not been reconciled to a single classification system, which is a potential limitation of this study.
Finally, all databases contained dam ownership and location details with some common data fields, e.g. height of dam, consequence classification. However, in several cases in some of the databases, some field were blank.
It is important to note that the Quebec database provided for review only included "High Capacity" dams. The definition of a "High Capacity" dam used by Centre d'expertise hydrique is illustrated in Figure 1. The percentage of High Consequence Dams in the "Low Capacity" and "Really Small" categories is believed by Centre d'expertise hydrique to be minimal.
Figure 1: Centre d'expertise hydrique definition of dam categories in Quebec.
6. RESULTS OF ASSESSMENT
The combination of inconsistent consequence classification systems, inconsistent data fields and instances where various data fields were blank for dams in some of the databases has confounded a complete detailed statistical review of the data. However, some general observations can be readily made regarding dam ownership, height and consequence classification.
Of the nearly six thousand dams in the combined database provided to the authors, only 444 are greater than fifteen (15) metres and 314 less than 2.5 metres in height ("other" dams). In other words, given the definition based on height descried earlier, approximately eight (80) percent of the dams registered in Canada are small dams, ten (10) percent are large dams and ten (10) percent are not classified as dams based on the CDA Guidelines.
It is interesting to note that municipalities, private owners and non-government organization (NGO) wetlands conservation authorities are responsible for anywhere form one quarter to three quarters of dams in the assessed jurisdictions. While not a clear demarcation, these owner classifications are generally described as "small" owners of dams. Their share of dam ownership is presented in Table 3. In some cases the totals do not add up to 100% due to ownership of some dams not being stated in the databases.
Table 3: Dam ownership
The majority of dams owned by municipal, private and non-government wetlands conservation authorities are small dams as shown in Table 4. The available data indicates that in general, the majority of these dams are under ten (10) metres in height.
Table 4: Heights of municipal, private and NGO wetlands conservation dams
*The BC database did not include dam heights for between 40 and 57% of the dams in each ownership group.
A review of the consequence classification compared to dam height indicates a significant portion of dams with high consequence classifications qualify as small dams as shown in Table 5. The available data indicates the majority of these high consequence dams are under ten (10) metres in height.
Table 5: Percentage of small dams with high consequence classification
Both the ICOLD and CDA definitions of a dam use height as a focal point for defining dams, but both organizations also recognize the importance of reservoir retained volume in their definition. Other countries have brought in legislation that defines dams based on combining dam height and reservoir capacity, recognizing the fact that a small dam impounding a lot of water may be as much of a danger as a high dam impounding little water. Recent changes in French regulation changed the dam classification system, introducing a graded system with four classes of dams (Crouchon 2009).
The system in France introduces a new parameter, H2V½ which is expressed in hm3, million cubic metres, where H is the maximum operating head in the reservoir and V is the volume at the maximum operating level. The category system used by Centre d'expertise hydrique presented in Figure 1 illustrates his concept in practice in Quebec. Helwig and Smith (1993) have also discussed the importance of reservoir volume in addition to dam height during dam safety assessments.
Reservoir volume was the least consistently recorded parameter in the various databases. In many cases, more so in some databases than others, reservoir volume was not included and in others there was only a "Yes/No" indication if the reservoir volume was 30,000 m3 or greater. A plot of normalized reservoir volume versus height for dams that had recorded reservoir volume is presented in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Relationship between normalized reservoir volume versus height
While there are a few anomalies which are likely related to record errors, there is a clear definable limit for definition of dams. The labels are plotted differently for structures with height of greater than fifteen (15) metres, between 2.5 metres and fifteen (15) metres and below 2.5 metres. The dashed lines represent the definition of a large dam as defined by the ICOLD and any dam as defined by the CDA. A normalized reservoir volume parameter (H2V½) of 225 provides a reasonable fit for the lower definition of an ICOLD large dam while (H2V½) of 1 provides a reasonable fit for the CDA definition of a dam (i.e., a 2.5 m dam with 30, 000 m3 of retained volume has a normalized volume of unity (1)).
What is informative is that, by and large, approximately half or better of any dam over ten (10) metres in Canada should be considered a large dam by the definition of the ICOLD. Equally important, a significant number of small dams that have normalized volume values greater than what is traditionally thought of for large dams. The normalized volume measurement provides a qualitative means of assessing the potential consequences of a dam failure and can be used in the preliminary assessment of dams.
The financial challenges of "small" owners of dams are well known to consultants and regulators who work in the field of dam engineering and dam safety in Canada. The constraints run throughout the life cycle of a dam; from engineering cost for design, construction, operations and capital maintenance through to surveillance and eventual decommissioning. As discussed, small dams and small dam owners collectively, represent as great a risk to the public as large dams and large dam owners, if not more so. There are no easy answers to this quandary. One topic of recent debate of interest to small owners of dams is the selection of flood return periods for High Consequence dams.
The 2007 CDA Guidelines present a relatively new challenge to many small owners of small dams with High Consequence Classifications. The 2007 CDA Guidelines require that the Inflow Design Flood (IDF) for a dam with a High Consequence classification should be 1/3 of the way between the 1:1,000 year flood and the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF). Calculation of the PMF is not a trivial matter and can be quite costly on a proportional basis, especially when the financial resources of a small owner of dams are considered. There are some semi-empirical methods to calculate PMF which rely on Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) such as Hirshfield's method presented in Environment Canada (1985). Other more rigorous watershed or regional specific relationship methods exist but their availability is generally the exception rather than the rule. Additionally, the 1:1000 year flood is not as trivial to estimate accurately due to limited meteorological data available.
The BCMoE Dam Safety Branch recognized this challenge to "small" owners of dams in July of 2008 and issued a draft "Interim Consequence Classification Policy for Dams in British Columbia" (BCMoE, 2008). This policy states that "...the 1999 Guidelines may be used for dams constructed before 2008. The main reason for this policy is the change of the IDF and MDE recommended for High Consequence Dams in the 2007 Guidelines. For dams with less than 10 people at risk, this results in a more conservative recommendation of IDF and MDE than presented in the 1999 Guidelines. Some owners of dams previously classified as High had been previously informed that a minimum IDF and MDE of 1:1,000 would be acceptable" (BCMoE, 2008). Immediately requiring re-assessment with the more conservative IDF and MDE was judged by the BCMoE Dam Safety branch to be inappropriate at the time. The target ownership group for this policy has ben confirmed by BCMoE-Dam Safety to be the "small" owners of dams. This study has shown that there is a high incidence of small owners of dams owning High Consequence structures.
With regards to the CDA Guidelines recommendation to use the PMF in the determination of the IDF for High Consequence dams, it is hoped that the need for economical "short cut" methods to estimate a PMF will be identified, publicized and accepted by the various regulators in Canada. These methods used with a screening tool could conceivably be used to address the majority of instances, with detailed and costly engineering analysis being required to refine designs where the costs of implementing a conservative solution outweigh the cost of a detailed engineering study to optimize the design. In such instances, engineering judgement and practicality would be the final arbiter of whether or not a "short cut" solution could be used economically. Such approaches were discussed and recommended for further research by Helwig and Smith (1993) and could be of great use to the community of small dams and "small" owners of dams in Canada, a community that has ben shown in this study to be the majority in Canada.
The study discussed herein supports the following conclusions:
Over three quarters of dams registered in the sampled provinces are small dams;
The largest population of dam owners appears to be "small" owners of dams;
A large percentage of small dams have High Consequence ratings;
The largest population of dam owners in the sampled provinces generally have limited resources available for adequate engineering design, construction supervision or dam safety management programs when compared to owners of hydroelectric and government/watershed authority dams; and
The financial resources available to "small" owners of dams generally results in economic difficulties in estimating IDF events that require estimation of the PMF.
There is a clear need for methods for estimating the PMF that are conservative yet economical for use in assignments where small owners of dams with High Consequences of failure are required to meet the requirements of the 2007 CDA Guidelines.
9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank the various regulators for providing their databases for review during this study. The authors also wish to acknowledge the efforts of Matthew Weatherby, EIT and Tobin Stetson, EIT for data processing and Mrs. Jennifer Then for preparing the manuscript.
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, 2008. Draft Interim Consequence Classification Policy for Dams in British Columbia
Canadian Dam Association, 2007. Dam Safety Guidelines
Canadian Dam Association, 2003. Dams in Canada
CRUCHON P., DEGOUTEET G., LE DELLIOU P., MONIE N., ROYET P. (2009) - "New regulations on the safety of dams and levees in France", ICOLD-CIGB XXXII Congress, Brasilia, May 2009
Environment Canada, 1985. Rainfall Frequency Atlas for Canada.
Helwig, P.C. and Smith, W.L., 1993. Some Thoughts on Dam Safety Assessment: Small Dams with Not-So-Small Reservoirs. 1993 CDSA/CANCOLD Conference, St. John's, Newfoundland, pp 93-103.
ICOLD (1997) - "Dams Less Than 30 Metres High", International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), France 1997
USCOLD (1970) - "Model Law for State Supervision of Safety of Dams and Reservoirs", United States committee on Large Dams, USA, 1970
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text:
Dennis Ryan Boyd
Dennis Ryan Boyd, 54, of Amarillo died Thursday, Oct. 20, 2011.
Memorial services will be at 2 p.m. Friday in V.A. Medical Center in Amarillo with the Rev. John Elser, chaplain, officiating. Arrangements are by Memorial Park Funeral Home.
Mr. Boyd was born Aug. 7, 1957, in Fort Scott, Kan. He was a very loving husband, son and father who will be missed by all.
Survivors include his wife, Maida Gordon; a daughter, Courtney Boyde; her mother, Neva Coberly; a brother, Gary Boyd; and two sisters, Kimberly Wasson and Lisa Maples.
Amarillo Globe-News, Oct. 27, 2011


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text:
Ceolred est roi de Mercie de 709 à sa mort, en 716.

Contexte et sources

Au début du , l'Angleterre est presque entièrement divisée entre plusieurs royaumes anglo-saxons. Parmi ceux-ci, la Mercie occupe les actuels Midlands. Elle est entourée par la Northumbrie au nord, au sud par le Wessex et le Sussex et à l'est par l'Est-Anglie, l'Essex et le Kent. Les origines du royaume de Mercie ne sont pas clairement connues, faute de sources fiables, et ce n'est qu'à partir du deuxième quart du , sous le règne de Penda, le grand-père paternel de Ceolred, qu'apparaissent les premiers éléments factuels solides.

Biographie

Ceolred est le fils d'Æthelred, qui règne sur la Mercie de 675 à 704. Sa mère n'est apparemment pas Osthryth (morte en 697), la seule épouse connue d'Æthelred. S'il est le fruit d'un deuxième mariage du roi, il ne peut avoir plus de dix ou onze ans lorsque son cousin germain Cenred abdique en sa faveur, en 709.

L'emprise de Ceolred sur la Mercie et les peuples qui lui sont soumis reste forte. Il confirme des donations effectuées par les rois des Hwicce, des Magonsæte et des Saxons de l'Est, ce qui implique que ces derniers reconnaissent sa suzeraineté. Ceolred est également capable de projeter sa puissance hors de ses frontières. La Chronique anglo-saxonne rapporte qu'en 715, ses troupes affrontent celles d'Ine de Wessex à Woden's Barrow (aujourd'hui ), un tertre du Néolithique situé dans le Wiltshire. L'enjeu de cette bataille semble être la domination du Vale of Pewsey, mais son issue est inconnue.

Ceolred meurt en 716 et la Chronique anglo-saxonne rapporte qu'il est inhumé à Lichfield. Son successeur est Æthelbald, un prince issu d'une autre branche de la famille royale mercienne. D'après l'hagiographie de Guthlac de Croyland, Ceolred persécute et contraint à l'exil Æthelbald, qui se réfugie dans les Fens où il se lie d'amitié avec l'ermite Guthlac qui lui prédit un avenir glorieux. Une liste de rois de Mercie mentionne un certain Ceolwald entre Ceolred et Æthelbald. Si ce roi a existé, il n'a pu régner que très peu de temps, car la mort de Ceolred et l'avènement d'Æthelbald sont datés de la même année. Son nom suggère qu'il est apparenté à Ceolred.

Postérité

Ceolred est dépeint dans la correspondance du missionnaire anglo-saxon Boniface comme un mauvais roi et un mauvais chrétien. Dans une lettre écrite entre 716 et 719, il rapporte les propos d'un moine de l'abbaye de Much Wenlock, dans le Shropshire, qui prétend avoir eu une vision de l'au-delà du vivant de Ceolred. Le moine dit avoir vu l'âme du roi, abandonné par ses anges gardiens à cause des crimes qu'il a commis, brûler dans les flammes de l'enfer. Ce texte suggère que les relations entre Ceolred et la communauté monastique de Much Wenlock ne sont pas bonnes, bien que le roi ait fait don de terres à l'abbesse Mildburh à Wyre Piddle, dans le Worcestershire. Il est possible que l'abbaye, fondée vers 670 par Merewalh, roi des Magonsæte, ait vu d'un mauvais œil la suzeraineté exercée par Ceolred sur ce peuple.

Quelques années plus tard, en 746 ou 747, Boniface écrit à Æthelbald pour condamner les méfaits de son prédécesseur. Accusé de violer des religieuses et de détruire des monastères, Ceolred serait mort après avoir été frappé de folie au cours d'un banquet en guise de punition divine. En décrivant la déchéance de Ceolred, Boniface cherche à remettre dans le droit chemin Æthelbald, qui s'adonne également aux relations avec des religieuses et au détournement des biens de l'Église.

Références

Bibliographie

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Lien externe

  Ceolred sur

Personnalité anglaise du VIIIe siècle
Monarque de Mercie
Date de naissance non renseignée (VIIe siècle)
Décès en 716

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
UK's Q2 growth steady at 0.7%
City Index August 31, 2015 4:36 PM

Initial figure was released in June and the ONS has left it unrevised.

The UK's economic growth for the second quarter of the year was 0.7 per cent, according to official data.
An initial figure for the three months to June was released in July and showed results boosted by oil and gas production – up from 0.4 per cent during the first quarter. On Friday (August 28th), the ONS said it would not be making any changes to the original reading.
The data showed that net trade boosted GDP by one per cent during the period, following a 3.9 per cent jump in exports. This was the biggest contribution from trade in four years, but experts have warned that the increase in trade might be temporary due to the strength of the pound making British goods more expensive overseas. In addition, ongoing trouble in the Chinese markets has led to increased global uncertainty.
During a television interview with Bloomberg, Liz Martins, an economist for HSBC, said: "For all the talk of weakness in our key trading partners and strength in the currency, this is a very strong number from exports."
She added: "There's been some turmoil and from the market perspective, expectations have been pushed back a bit, but I think it's possible that some of those expectations have been overdone and we still look to February for the Bank of England to start raising interest rates."
Current pace expected to continue
Imports gained just 0.6 per cent during the second quarter, while business investment rose 2.9 per cent. Economist Samuel Tombs from research consultancy Capital Economics, said this demonstrated how much the general election weighed on capital expenditure.
Household spending increased by 0.7 per cent during the second quarter, although the growth rate has slowed compared to the 0.9 per cent seen during the first three months of 2015.
According to the Bank of England, economic growth is expected to continue. Last year, the economy expanded by three per cent – its best result since 2006. This year, growth is forecast and 2.8 per cent.
Mr Tombs said: "With growth in households' real incomes set to remain supported by low inflation, building wage growth and strong job creation, we continue to think that the economic recovery will sustain its current pace in the second half of 2015."