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Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace
(Redirected from Hoover Institute)
The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace is a public policy think tank and library founded in 1919 by U.S. President Herbert Hoover located at, and part of, Stanford University, his alma mater. Over time the Institution has amassed a large archive of documentation related to President Hoover, World War I, and World War II, specifically focusing on theories about the root causes of these wars.
The Hoover Institution mission statement [2] expresses the basic tenets for which it stands: representative government, private enterprise, peace, personal freedom, and the safeguards of the American system.
The Hoover Institution is influential in the American conservative and libertarian movements, and the Institution has long been a place of scholarship for high profile conservatives with government experience. A number of fellows have connections to or positions in the Bush administration, and other Republican administrations. A non-political figure who played a key role in the Bush Administration's Iraq policy, Retired Army Gen. John P. Abizaid, former commander of the U.S. Central Command (CENTCOM), recently joined the Hoover Institution (as the first Annenberg Distinguished Visiting Fellow).[1] Other fellows of the Institution include such high profile conservatives as Condoleezza Rice, George Shultz, Thomas Sowell, Shelby Steele, and Edwin Meese.
1 Mission Statement
2.1 Featured Fellows
2.2 Honorary Fellows
2.3 Distinguished Fellows
2.4 Senior Fellows
2.4.1 Former Senior Fellows
2.5 Senior Research Fellows
2.6 Research Fellows
2.6.1 Former Research Fellows
2.7 Distinguished Visiting Fellows
2.7.1 Former Distinguished Visiting Fellows
2.8 Media Fellows
2.9 National Fellows
2.10 National Security Affairs Fellows
2.11 Named Fellows
2.12 Directors
4 Research Teams
Now more than five decades old, Herbert Hoover's 1959 statement to the Board of Trustees of Stanford University on the purpose and scope of the Hoover Institution continues to define its mission, according to the organization's website:[2]
"This Institution supports the Constitution of the United States, its Bill of Rights and its method of representative government. Both our social and economic systems are based on private enterprise from which springs initiative and ingenuity.... Ours is a system where the Federal Government should undertake no governmental, social or economic action, except where local government, or the people, cannot undertake it for themselves.... The overall mission of this Institution is, from its records, to recall the voice of experience against the making of war, and by the study of these records and their publication, to recall man's endeavors to make and preserve peace, and to sustain for America the safeguards of the American way of life. This Institution is not, and must not be, a mere library. But with these purposes as its goal, the Institution itself must constantly and dynamically point the road to peace, to personal freedom, and to the safeguards of the American system."[2]
The following is a short list of past or present Hoover Institution fellows and scholars.
Featured Fellows
As of April 2015:[3]
John Shoven (Buzz and Barbara McCoy Senior Fellow, member of the Department of Economics at Stanford University, Charles R. Schwab Professor, and director of the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research)
George P. Schultz (Thomas W. and Susan B. Ford Distinguished Fellow, former U.S. Secretary of State, senior staff economist on President Eisenhower's Council of Economic Advisers, etc.)
Thomas Sowell (Rose and Milton Friedman Senior Fellow on Public Policy, former economics professor at Cornell, Amherst, and the University of California at Los Angeles, etc.)
Margaret Thatcher, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
George P. Shultz, former U.S. Secretary of State
Richard V. Allen, former U.S. National Security Advisor
Terry Anderson
Scott W. Atlas
Dennis L. Bark
Robert J. Barro
Joseph Berger
Russell A. Berman
Michael Boskin, professor of economics at Stanford, former chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under President George H.W. Bush
David Brady
Bruce Bueno de Mesquita
James W. Ceasar
John H. Cochrane, economist
John F. Cogan
William Damon
Larry Diamond
Gerald A. Dorfman
Sidney D. Drell
John B. Dunlop
Peter Duus
Niall Ferguson, historian
Chester E. Finn, Jr.
Morris P. Fiorina, political scientist and author
Timothy Garton Ash, historian, author, columnist
Jack Goldsmith
Stephen Haber
Robert E. Hall
Victor Davis Hanson, classicist and military historian
Eric Hanushek, economist and specialist on education policy
Thomas H. Henriksen
Caroline M. Hoxby
Bobby Inman
Ken Jowitt, historian and author
Kenneth L. Judd, economist
Daniel P. Kessler
Stephen D. Krassner
Melvyn B. Krauss
Edward Paul Lazear
Thomas E. Macurdy
Harvey C. Mansfield
Michael McConnell
Charles E. McClure, Jr.
Thomas A. Metzger
James C. Miller III
Terry M. More
Thomas Gale Moore
Kevin M. Murphy
Ramon H. Myers
Norman M. Naimark
Douglass C. North
Lee Ohanian
William J. Perry, former U.S. Secretary of Defense
Alvin Rabushka
John Raisian
Joshua D. Rauh
Rita Ricardo-Campbell
Condoleezza Rice, former U.S. Secretary of State
Douglas Rivers
Jonathan Rodden
Henry S. Rowen
Thomas J. Sargent
John Shoven
Thomas Sowell, economist and author
Michael Spence
Richard F. Staar
Shelby Steele, author
James L. Sweeney
John B. Taylor, former U.S. Undersecretary of the Treasury for International Affairs
Barry R. Weingast
Amy Zegart
Former Senior Fellows
Gary S. Becker, 1992 Nobel economics laureate
Abraham Sofaer, scholar
John H. Bunzel, Political Scientist and Sociologist
Robert Hessen
Kenneth E. Scott
Charles Wolf Jr.
Annelise Anderson
David Berkey
Michael S. Bernstam
Charles Blahous
Leisel Bogan
Clint Bolick, Goldwater Institute
Carson Bruno
Jeremy Carl
Arye Carmon
Lanhee J. Chen
Tom Church
Robert Conquest, historian
David Davenport
Williamson M. Evers
Colonel Joseph (Joe) Felter (ret.)
Tammy Frisby
Paul R. Gregory
Daniel Heil
David R. Henderson
Charles Hill
Josef Joffe
Jeffrey M. Jones
Timothy Kane
Herbert S. Klein
Stephen Kotkin
Tai-Chun Kuo
Gary D. Libecap
Herbert Lin
Hsiao-Ting Lin
Tod Lindberg
George Marotta
Shavit Matias
Rachel M. McCleary
Lieutenant General H.R. McMaster
Abbas Milani, political scientist and author
Alice L. Miller
Henry I. Miller, physician
Guity Nashat
Toshio Nishi
James H. Noyes
Bertrand M. Patenaude
Carol Peterson
Michael J. Petrilli
Margaret (Macke) Raymond
Russell Roberts, professor of economics and author
Peter M. Robinson
Kori Schake
Anatol Shmelev
Maciej Siekierski
Kiron K. Skinner
Commander David Slayton
Richard Sousa
Bruce Thornton
Tunku Varadarajan
Eric Wakin
Former Research Fellows
Peter Berkowitz, political scientist
Peter Schweizer, author
Michael D. Bordo
John E. Chubb
Mvemba Phezo Dizolele
James O. Ellis Jr.
James Goodby
Paul T. Hill
Raymond Jeanloz
General Jim Mattis
Edwin Meese III, former U.S. Attorney General
Allan H. Meltzer
Admiral Gary Roughead
Christopher William Stubbs
Herbert J. Walberg
Kevin M. Warsh
Former Distinguished Visiting Fellows
Diane Ravitch, former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Education
Media Fellows
The William and Barbara Edwards Media Fellows Program at the Hoover Institution.[5]
John Tierney
Sander Vanocur
National Fellows
Andrei Markevich
National Security Affairs Fellows
Named Fellows
Eric Hanushek
Ken Jowitt
Kenneth L. Judd
Henry I. Miller
Condoleeza Rice
George P. Schultz
Abraham D. Sofaer
Ehpraim D. Adams (1920-1925)
Ralph H. Lutz (1925-1944)
Harold H. Fisher (1944-1952)
C. Easton Rothwell (1952–1959)[6]
W. Glenn Campbell (1960–1989)[7]
John Raisian (1989–)[7]
The Hoover Institution produces multiple publications regarding public policy topics, including the quarterly publications Hoover Digest, Education Next, and China Leadership Monitor. In 2001, the Hoover Institution acquired the bimonthly publication Policy Review from the Heritage Foundation. The Hoover Institution Press also publishes books and essays.
Arctic Security Initiative
Economic Policy Working Group
Energy Policy Task Force
Working Group on Foreign Policy and Grand Strategy
Health Care Policy Working Group
Immigration Reform Initiative
Working Group on Intellectual Property, Innovation and Prosperity
Working Group on Islamism and the International Order
K-12 Education Task Force (formerly the Koret Task Force in K-12 Education)
Working Group on the Role of Military History and Contemporary Conflict
National Security and Law Task Force
Property Rights, Freedom, and Prosperity Task Force
Virtues of a Free Society Task Force
A full list of the members of each task force can be found online here.
The Hoover Institution receives much of its funding from private charitable foundations, including many attached to large corporations. A partial list of its recent donors includes:[9]
Sarah Scaife Foundation: $11,704,500 (1985-2012)
Howard Charitable Foundation: $8,750,000 (2006-2012)
Walton Family Foundation: $5,237,492 (2005-2011)
Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation: $4,841,000 (1986-2012)[10]
Smith Richardson Foundation: $3,868,451 (1997-2012)
Shelby Cullom Davis Foundation: $3,200,000 (1998-2007)
William E. Simon Foundation: $1,490,000 (2003-2012)
Carthage Foundation: $898,400 (1986-2000)
Weiler Foundation: $645,000 (2001-2013)
Randolph Foundation: $640,000 (1998-2012)
Earhart Foundation: $502,194 (1996-2008)
JM Foundation: $460,000 (1996-2012)
Bochnowski Family Foundation: $422,500 (2003-2013)
Searle Freedom Trust: $337,500 (2002-2010)
Fairchild-Martindale Foundation: $315,000 (2001-2012)
Jaquelin Hume Foundation: $250,000 (2002-2011)
William H. Donner Foundation: $202,500 (2000-2010)
Stuart Family Foundation: $182,000 (2001-2008)
Joyce and Donald Rumsfeld Foundation: $137,500 (2001-2008)
Barney Family Foundation: $125,000 (2008-2012)
Exxon Mobil: $110,000 (2001-2005)
Whitcomb Charitable Foundation: $62,000 (2001-2013)
George Edward Durell Foundation: $50,000 (2007)
Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation: $35,000 (2001)
Castle Rock Foundation: $25,000 (1998)
Thomas B. Fordham Foundation: $23,000 (2000)
DonorsTrust: $22,000 (2006-2009)
The Gordon and Mary Cain Foundation: $15,000 (1999-2001)
American Chemistry Council: $15,000 (2012)
Woodhouse Family Foundation: $6,000 (2008-2010)
Charles G. Koch Charitable Foundation: $5,000 (1987)
Aequus Institute: $2,500 (2008)
Donors Capital Fund: $2,000 (2008-2009)
Other grants to Hoover Institution previously listed by Media Matters Action and elsewhere include:[11]
Archer Daniels Midland Foundation[citation needed]
ARCO Foundation
Boeing-McDonnell Foundation
Chrysler Corporation Fund
Dean Witter Foundation
Exxon Educational Foundation: $20,000 in 2005[12]
Ford Motor Company Fund
General Motors Foundation
J.P. Morgan Charitable Trust
Merrill Lynch & Company Foundation
Procter & Gamble Fund
Rockwell International Corporation Trust
Transamerica Foundation
Hoover Institution website.
Grants made to Hoover Institution at MediaTransparency.org.
Hoover Institution Events video
Hoover and Stanford Hiring Practices
↑ Lisa M. Krieger, Donald Rumsfeld heading to Stanford's Hoover Institution, San Jose Mercury News, September 7, 2007.
↑ 2.0 2.1 Hoover Institution, Mission/History, organizational website, accessed April 23, 2015.
↑ Hoover Institution, Fellows, organizational website, accessed April 23, 2015.
↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Hoover Institution, Fellows by Type, organizational website, accessed April 24, 2015.
↑ Hoover Institution. The William and Barbara Edwards Media Fellows Program (html). hoover.org. "The Edwards Media Fellows Program allows print and broadcast media professionals to spend time in residence at the Hoover Institution. Media fellows have the opportunity to exchange information and perspectives with Hoover scholars through seminars and informal meetings and with the Hoover and Stanford communities in public lectures. As fellows, they have access to the full range of research tools that Hoover offers."
↑ "Yacht club to host celebration of Virginia Rothwell", Stanford Report (September 1, 2004). Retrieved on 2008-03-25.
↑ 7.0 7.1 Trei, Lisa (November 28, 2001). "Glenn Campbell, former Hoover director, dead at 77", Stanford Report. Retrieved on 2008-03-25.
↑ Hoover Institution, Research by Research Team, organizational website, accessed April 24, 2015.
↑ American Bridge 21st Century Foundation, Top Supporters of Hoover Institution on War Revolution and Peace, ConservativeTransparency, accessed April 24, 2015.
↑ Daniel Bice, Bill Glauber, Ben Poston. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. November 28, 2011.
↑ [1] accessed 2011-08-04
↑ Exxon Educational Foundation, Public Info and Policy Research Grants 2005, document obtained and archived by Greenpeace October 5, 2007.
Retrieved from "https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hoover_Institution_on_War,_Revolution_and_Peace&oldid=674863"


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Marissa Ann Mayer (Wausau, 30 mei 1975) is sinds juli 2012 de directeur en CEO van Yahoo!. Voor 2012 was zij leidinggevende en woordvoerder voor Google. Mayer stond in 2014 op de 6e plaats op de lijst van invloedrijkste leiders van Fortune.

Carrière

Google
Nadat Mayer was afgestudeerd aan Stanford ontving ze 14 aanbiedingen van bedrijven, waaronder een baan als lerares op Carnegie Mellon University en een baan als adviseur bij McKinsey & Company. Ze begon in 1999 bij Google als twintigste werknemer en was de eerste vrouwelijke ingenieur van het bedrijf. Ze begon met programmeren en als toezichthouder op kleine ingenieurteams die werkten aan de ontwikkeling van Googles zoekmachine. Ze stond bekend om haar oog voor detail, een van de kwaliteiten waardoor ze het tot productmanager bracht.

In 2002 zette Mayer het Associate Product Manager-programma (APM) op, een begeleidingsprogramma van Google om nieuw talent binnen te halen en ze vervolgens op te leiden voor een leidinggevende functie binnen het bedrijf. Ieder jaar selecteerde Mayer voor het twee jaar durende programma een aantal talentvolle werknemers, die meerdere buitenschoolse opdrachten moesten uitvoeren en uitgebreide avondlessen volgen. Bekende afgestudeerden van dit programma zijn onder meer Bret Taylor en Justin Rosenstein. In 2005 werd Mayer Vice President Zoekproducten en Gebruikservaring. Ze vervulde een sleutelrol bij producten als Google Search, Google Images, Google News, Google Maps, Google Books, Google Product Search, Google Toolbar, iGoogle en Gmail.

Mayer oefende deze functie uit tot eind 2010, toen ze door Eric Schmidt werd gedegradeerd tot hoofd Locatiediensten. In 2011 was ze verantwoordelijk voor Googles overname van de enquêtewebsite Zagat voor 125 miljoen Amerikaanse dollar. Tijdens haar jaren bij Google gaf Mayer ook een basiscursus programmeren aan Stanford en begeleidde ze studenten aan de East Palo Alto Charter School. Mayer ontving de Centennial Teaching Award en de Forsythe Award van Stanford.

Yahoo! (2012 -2017)
Op 16 juli 2012 werd Mayer benoemd tot de nieuwe directeur en CEO van Yahoo!, en reeds de volgende dag ging zij daar aan het werk. Ze is ook lid van de raad van bestuur van het bedrijf. Om het bureaucratische proces te vereenvoudigen en de bedrijfscultuur te verbeteren, introduceerde Mayer een nieuw online programma, genaamd PB&J. Met behulp van dit programma kunnen werknemers hun klachten kwijt, maar ook hun stem uitbrengen in verband met problemen die binnen het bedrijf spelen; wanneer een probleem ten minste 50 stemmen binnenhaalt, wordt onderzoek naar het probleem gedaan. In februari 2013 vond er onder Mayers toezicht een grote verandering plaats in het personeelsbeleid van Yahoo!, die inhield dat alle thuiswerkers vanaf dat moment op kantoor hun werk moesten komen doen. Nadat Mayer vanuit huis had gewerkt tot het einde van haar zwangerschap, kwam ze terug op kantoor en regelde ze een verzorgingsruimte voor haar kind, vlak naast haar kantoor. Mayer kreeg kritiek te verduren op het thuiswerkverbod.

In april 2013 veranderde Mayer Yahoo!'s beleid omtrent zwangerschapsverlof door de verlofperiode te verlengen en ouders een geldbonus te geven. Het viel CNN op dat deze verandering overeenkwam met die bij andere bedrijven in Silicon Valley, zoals Facebook en Google. Op 20 mei 2013 leidde Mayer Yahoo! in de overname van Tumblr, waar een bedrag van 1,1 miljard Amerikaanse dollar mee gemoeid was. De overname was er één in een lange reeks van grote overnames die volgden nadat Mayer CEO was geworden. In juli 2013 noteerde Yahoo! een daling van de omzet, maar een groei van de winst in vergelijking met het jaar daarvoor. De reactie van Wall Street was niet enthousiast, met een daling van de aandeelprijs met 1,7%. In september 2013 werd er een verdubbeling van de aandeelprijs genoteerd sinds Mayers aanstelling als CEO 14 maanden daarvoor. In november 2013 voerde Mayer een prestatieprogramma in, waardoor managers hun medewerkers moeten beoordelen en de slechtst-beoordeelde werknemers ontslagen zouden worden.

In 2014 uitten The New York Times en The New Yorker hevige kritiek op veel van Mayers beleidsbeslissingen.

Lumi Labs (2017 - heden)
Nadat ze Yahoo! in 2017 verliet, heeft Mayer een nieuw bedrijf "Lumi Labs" gestart met voormalig collega Enrique Munoz Torres. Het bedrijf is gevestigd in Palo Alto en focust zich met name op artificial intelligence en consumer media.

Amerikaans industrieel

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We all believe that vitamins may help our health in some way. While some specific vitamins have been shown to provide benefit - namely, Vitamin D is the talk of the town - it is more important to get the full gamut of nutrients from whole foods. That's why if you are still going to supplement your diet, you should go with a whole food nutritional supplement like Juice Plus+ . There are a few good nutritional supplements on the market today, but we take and recommend Juice Plus+ because of all the excellent published research behind it, in addition to customer feedback and our own experience.
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Miami Beach, Fla. — The science to prove claims that oral supplements help reduce the signs of skin aging is lacking. But one dermatologist says she believes that supplementing with specific vitamins, oils and other nutrients plays an important role in anti-aging treatments — especially when patients do not get enough of these nutrients in their diets.
"I think oral supplements are even more important than topicals for aging skin, because they help not just to revitalize skin, but also the heart, lungs, brain — even the eyes," says Leslie Baumann, M.D., a Miami Beach, Fla., dermatologist and author of the textbook Cosmetic Dermatology (McGraw Hill 2009).
The challenge for dermatologists recommending them is that there is no evidence-based protocol for taking antioxidants, fish oil and more. Basic science research, according to Dr. Baumann, offers some insight, suggesting that telomere shortening plays a role in aging and that antioxidants may benefit telomeres. Telomeres are regions of repetitive DNA at the end of chromosomes, which protect chromosomes from destruction.
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So while there are specific supplements that can provide some direct benefit to you and your overall health, the rule of thumb is still: "stick with whole food nutrition." That is, get your nutrition from a variety of fruits and vegetables, including grapes and berries. And if you are going to fall short of the minimum recommendation (9-13 servings daily), then add Juice Plus+ to your daily intake. A whole food nutritional supplement is the best choice after the whole foods themselves, to bridge the gap; please watch the 8 doctors in the video below.


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Letters March 2019
Written by BT Readers
No Fan of Brooklyn or Modern Art
While Erik Bojnansky's cover story ("Sold!" February 2019) about Moishe Mana as a remarkable commercial weasel can be of interest, locally, I hope that Miami, downtown, and everywhere else does not need the snot-faced Brooklyn culture to find its own. Contemporary art is already nauseating enough.
Mr. Mana, based on this article, has the personality and ruthlessness that makes him no different from Trump. We don't need Trump-bashers here pretending they are a cut above. Besides, it's interesting that the writer did not touch on how and through whom he finances his grand schemes.
Helmut Hauser
The Brightline Boondoggle
"Station Identification" by Erik Bojnansky (February 2019) is a joke, right? One train station along the FEC tracks? We need at least ten between Fort Lauderdale and downtown Miami.
And the county's Alice Bravo tells the BT: "Train stations are supposed to be three or four miles apart." Since when? Not in Europe or New York City -- and Brightline is no bigger than a subway car.
And again, to quote Alice Bravo regarding this one-train platform in the Design District: "Even then, it's going to cost a few million dollars to build it." First a question: Out of gold? Not concrete? Maybe when all is needed is a glorified bus stop.
Secondly, surely Brightline or whoever is running this boondoggle should pay for and build whatever stations on FEC property. Like that big empty lot they own west of the tracks just north of NE 79th Street.
Right now at all track crossings we have a useless, virtually empty, but noisy, traffic-jam-inducing obstruction maybe 30 times a day -- which only Superman could catch!
What exact benefit do we derive from this? Nothing.
Patrick Francis
Palm Grove
The Irony of His Words, the Jerk of His Knee
Interesting for Jay Beskin to proclaim that, as a civil libertarian, he opposes Big Government deciding what we can do with our plastic straws, Slurpee cups, and right to vape ("Government Shut Up," February 2019).
He doesn't see the irony in his own words. In the same piece, he advocates for governments to punish companies that support the growing BDS movement (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions) trying to rein in Israel's ongoing expropriation of Palestinian land and oppression of Palestinian people. Israel is enforcing a longstanding blockade of Gaza (its own boycott of choice) and apartheid statism, and long ago lost sight of the moral high ground. For this kind of oppression, the purse is the only leverage that works. Ask South Africa.
And don't jerk your knee and call names here. The anti-BDS effort is an infringement on business rights and the First Amendment, not to mention the very right to boycott whom I please. It is unconstitutional on its face. Just ask the ACLU, which has made clear that it takes no position on the boycotts but is suing (and winning) to maintain the First Amendment protections of expression and association.
Cheryl Toulouse-Gibson
King of Laughs
I get a hoot out of reading Jack King and the glee with which he skewers the slackers, pretenders, and grotesqueries of Florida's GOP stable ("State of the State," February 2019). He has an insider's nose for BS and the chutzpah to tell us who's hurling it, where it lands, and how bad it smells. Thanks.
Roberta Leonard
A Transplant Recommends
As he prepares to leave office, I thank Mayor Mac Glinn for his strong leadership in Miami Shores ("Going, Going..." February 2019). But as a nearly three-year resident of Miami Shores, I feel compelled to bring two issues to the attention of those in leadership.
First: Nearly two years ago my wife suffered an aneurysm. I was at Publix and arrived home before Fire Rescue did, even though they were located much closer. I had to call 911 twice before they arrived and transported Nara to North Shore Medical.
Once there, the staff offered me the option of transporting her to Palmetto Hospital, which they informed me was a superior medical facility. But it took another 45 minutes for an ambulance to arrive at North Shore -- two and a half hours from the aneurysm. By this time, Nara's brain had filled with blood. After being in an induced coma for 20 days, she passed on to a better life.
In spite of numerous letters to newspapers, mayors, commissioners, and others, no one but a Herald reporter responded.
Conclusion: Indifference in Miami-Dade reigns supreme. As a senior citizen and transplant, I have zero influence in a community where "sympathy" is a foreign term.
My second issue involves the renovation of my Miami Shores home. I moved here from Oak Brook, Illinois, where village involvement (interference) was unknown. It has taken me nearly three years to complete the renovation, which I find shocking and depressing. I have had to spend in excess of $50,000 on contractors, closing permits, and complying with village requirements.
As I observe other renovations in Miami Shores, it is apparent that I'm not unique. A home on my block has had a Dumpster in the driveway for two years and has been filled approximately five times.
I would add that Miami Shores is a lovely community and would be even more attractive if homeowners were required to power-wash their sidewalks and rake their leaves to the curb, where the Village would retrieve them.
Success to our mayor as he relocates to frigid Chicago. Perhaps he can be successful there, stemming the tide of mass departures from the state by overtaxed residents.
Daryl L. Unnasch
Art For the Record
Please note an error in the cover story "Idea Man" (January 2019) by John Dorschner, who wrote that Alberto Ibargüen (as head of the Knight Foundation) "contributed $30 million in Knight money to help keep the impressive collection of the Detroit Institute of Arts in town by buying the museum and creating a fund that could be used only to pay city pensions."
No one "bought" the museum. The Grand Bargain was a fund created by a number of foundations, the State of Michigan and the DIA to fund Detroit pensions. In exchange for creating this fund, ownership of the DIA, its collection, and grounds was transferred from the City of Detroit to the museum itself.
Christine Kloostra, executive director
Detroit Institute of Arts
A Pair? A Pair of What?
Jack, grow a pair and know that Trump had a fair election, not your communist assumption, and will continue to be your president till 2024 ("Dumpster and the Wall," January 2019). Trash like you should be hauling Dumpsters full of socialist propaganda to the dumps.
So sick of you. Stop trying to brainwash people into hate and socialism. Be gone, nut case!
Kathie Tesauro
This Joke Needs a Punchline
There is one thing I hate, and that is hypocrisy, and I have learned that is what Jack King and your newspaper are -- and the Democrats ("Dumpster and the Wall," January 2019). Since President Clinton, President Obama, and all the other presidents have called for the wall and to stop illegal immigration, did you raise your voice, like you have done against President Trump? When the Democrats called for tariffs against China, did you object? Or keep silent?
There is no country in the world that has let every immigrant in. Don't be such a hypocrite, Jack King, which makes this magazine a joke.
Daniel Dirnfeld
Mom Should Be Proud Of
Jenni Person's story "Mama's Mensch" (January 2019), about her son and his special-needs friend was heartwarming.
She certainly deserves praise for raising her son not just show kindness, but to live joyfully in the heart of it. I'm sure this is just the first time she will find that he amazes her.
Thank you for sharing such a personal story.
Joan Harrelson

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 - readonly
 - codec

Note that `default`, `alias` and `materialized` are mutually exclusive - you cannot use more than one of them in a single field.

## default

Specifies a default value to use for the field. If not given, the field will have a default value based on its type: empty string for string fields, zero for numeric fields, etc.
The default value can be a Python value suitable for the field type, or an expression. For example:
```python
class Event(Model):

    name = StringField(default="EVENT")
    repeated = UInt32Field(default=1)
    created = DateTimeField(default=F.now())

    engine = Memory()
    ...
```
When creating a model instance, any fields you do not specify get their default value. Fields that use a default expression are assigned a sentinel value of `infi.clickhouse_orm.utils.NO_VALUE` instead. For example:
```python
>>> event = Event()
>>> print(event.to_dict())
{'name': 'EVENT', 'repeated': 1, 'created': <NO_VALUE>}
```
:warning: Due to a bug in ClickHouse versions prior to 20.1.2.4, insertion of records with expressions for default values may fail.

## alias / materialized

The `alias` and `materialized` attributes expect an expression that gets calculated by the database. The difference is that `alias` fields are calculated on the fly, while `materialized` fields are calculated when the record is inserted, and are stored on disk.
You can use any expression, and can refer to other model fields. For example:
```python
class Event(Model):

    created = DateTimeField()
    created_date = DateTimeField(materialized=F.toDate(created))
    name = StringField()
    normalized_name = StringField(alias=F.upper(F.trim(name)))

    engine = Memory()
```
For backwards compatibility with older versions of the ORM, you can pass the expression as an SQL string:
```python
    created_date = DateTimeField(materialized="toDate(created)")
```
Both field types can't be inserted into the database directly, so they are ignored when using the `Database.insert()` method. ClickHouse does not return the field values if you use `"SELECT * FROM ..."` - you have to list these field names explicitly in the query.

Usage:
```python
obj = Event(created=datetime.now(), name='MyEvent')
db = Database('my_test_db')
db.insert([obj])
# All values will be retrieved from database
db.select('SELECT created, created_date, username, name FROM $db.event', model_class=Event)
# created_date and username will contain a default value
db.select('SELECT * FROM $db.event', model_class=Event)
```
When creating a model instance, any alias or materialized fields are assigned a sentinel value of `infi.clickhouse_orm.utils.NO_VALUE` since their real values can only be known after insertion to the database.

## codec

This attribute specifies the compression algorithm to use for the field (instead of the default data compression algorithm defined in server settings).

Supported compression algorithms:

| Codec                | Argument                                   | Comment
| -------------------- | -------------------------------------------| ----------------------------------------------------
| NONE                 | None                                       | No compression.
| LZ4                  | None                                       | LZ4 compression.
| LZ4HC(`level`)       | Possible `level` range: [3, 12].           | Default value: 9. Greater values stands for better compression and higher CPU usage. Recommended value range: [4,9].
| ZSTD(`level`)        | Possible `level`range: [1, 22].            | Default value: 1. Greater values stands for better compression and higher CPU usage. Levels >= 20, should be used with caution, as they require more memory.
| Delta(`delta_bytes`) | Possible `delta_bytes` range: 1, 2, 4 , 8. | Default value for `delta_bytes` is `sizeof(type)` if it is equal to 1, 2,4 or 8 and equals to 1 otherwise.

Codecs can be combined by separating their names with commas. The default database codec is not included into pipeline (if it should be applied to a field, you have to specify it explicitly in pipeline).

Recommended usage for codecs:
- When values for particular metric do not differ significantly from point to point, delta-encoding allows to reduce disk space usage significantly.
- DateTime works great with pipeline of Delta, ZSTD and the column size can be compressed to 2-3% of its original size (given a smooth datetime data)
- Numeric types usually enjoy best compression rates with ZSTD
- String types enjoy good compression rates with LZ4HC

Example:
```python
class Stats(Model):

    id                  = UInt64Field(codec='ZSTD(10)')
    timestamp           = DateTimeField(codec='Delta,ZSTD')
    timestamp_date      = DateField(codec='Delta(4),ZSTD(22)')
    metadata_id         = Int64Field(codec='LZ4')
    status              = StringField(codec='LZ4HC(10)')
    calculation         = NullableField(Float32Field(), codec='ZSTD')
    alerts              = ArrayField(FixedStringField(length=15), codec='Delta(2),LZ4HC')

    engine = MergeTree('timestamp_date', ('id', 'timestamp'))
```
Note: This feature is supported on ClickHouse version 19.1.16 and above. Codec arguments will be ignored by the ORM for older versions of ClickHouse.

## readonly

This attribute is set automatically for fields with `alias` or `materialized` attributes, you do not need to pass it yourself.

---

[<< Querysets](querysets.md) | [Table of Contents](toc.md) | [Field Types >>](field_types.md)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Section 184.1945. Vitamin B 12.
21 CFR § 184.1945 - Vitamin B 12.
§ 184.1945 Vitamin B 12.
(a) Vitamin B12, also known as cyanocobalamin (C63H88CoN14O14P, CAS Reg. No. 68-0919-099), is produced commercially from cultures of Streptomyces griseus.
(b) The ingredient meets the specifications of the Food Chemicals Codex, 3d Ed. (1981), p. 343, which is incorporated by reference. Copies are available from the National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20418, or available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202-741-6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html.
(1) The ingredient is used as a nutrient supplement as defined in § 170.3(o)(20) of this chapter.
(2) The ingredient is used in food at levels not to exceed current good manufacturing practice. Vitamin B12 also may be used in infant formula in accordance with section 412(g) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the act) or with regulations promulgated under section 412(a)(2) of the act.


Note: Fees are subject to change at the discretion of the University. These projected costs only include those charged by the WCIU for its services and does not include additional costs associated with the student's personal internet access, any travel occasioned by their studies or any other expense that may be incurred while in the pursuit of a degree from WCIU.
The tuition fee will be paid to WCIU when the student registers for a course. This is the charge for instruction or instructional services. The tuition cost for each course is $200 per credit hour. A two-credit course therefore costs $400 in tuition. Tuition will remain fixed for a given academic year, but may change from one academic year to the next.
WCIU offers a fifty percent tuition discount on the introductory course, Foundations of Biblical Faith for members of agencies, development organizations, or Perspectives on the World Christian Movement course alumni.
*A payment plan is available for students to pay in one-month increments. Please see "Financial Aid and Payment Plan" section of this Catalog.
WCIU's online library, Latourette Library, allows students access to required reading and textbooks. The online library access fee for each course is $50. The costs of access to the online library are subject to change at any time.
Most of the M.A. program course readings are accessible electronically in course lessons or through our online library catalog. However, students may need to purchase additional books (either hard copy or Kindle e-book) for the completion of course requirements. Many of these books will be used in multiple courses throughout the program. Students may contact reference@wciu.edu for further information regarding textbook costs.
Students are required to pay a $50 graduation fee. This fee covers the cost of a diploma and an official transcript delivered to the student's address.


text:
Need to make $100k with your social media platforms? This is how it can be done!
RichEndTech News Desk
While big stars like Justin Beiber, Miley Cyrus and Cristiano Ronaldo, (who each have well more than 100 million followers on Instagram), can pull in more than a $1-$2M million , If they can make some cash, why can't you!
All the information given below is verified from different sources and are considered to be legitimate.
Social media influencers can make big money on platforms such as Instagram, TikTok and YouTube. But in the end, it all depends on your popularity.
For Instagram
The best thing about Facebook-owned social media platform – Instagram is that it is just like a microblog in itself that comes with an excellent visual component which brings in high engagement. More or less than what you can expect for!
To make some quick cash by sponsoring posts on Instagram and make $100k a year, you need a minimum of 5,000 Instagram followers and over 300 sponsored posts a year.
An influencer having over a 900k-1M followers can reportedly make more than $200,000 per post from big brands.
It's easy to make money on Instagram, just switch your account to a professional account and select business.
A post shared by How They Asked (@howtheyasked)
Depending on your Instagram content, your followers, and your level of commitment, you can make money on Instagram in the following ways:
Getting sponsored by a brand that want to get in front of your audience.
Doing affiliate marketing and making a commission by selling other brands' products.
By selling a physical or digital product (merchandise or any other products), or offering a paid service.
For TikTok
As of 2021, TikTok has been downloaded over 2 billion times. As the platform is growing, it is evolving and capturing the interest of both brands and celebrities.
To make $100k on TikTok, you need a minimum of 10,000 TikTok fans and over 250 million views a year.
TikTok Creator Fund makes it more easier for the creators to generate quick cash. To be eligible, creators need to be based in either the U.S., U.K., France, Germany, Spain or Italy, and be at least 18 years old, and have at least 100k fans and a least 100k video views in the last 30 days. The account also have to be aligned with TikTok's community guidelines and the terms of service.
According to Influencer Marketing Hub, companies have been known to pay $200 to $20,000 per branded video promoted by the influencers.
Some of the legit ways influencers can earn money on TikTok include:
Promoting brands in your videos
Using your TikTok videos to promote items you're selling somewhere
Getting sponsors for your page
For Youtube
YouTube is considered as the 2nd largest search engine next to Google. Moreover, people upload more than 100 hours of video per minute on this big platform. YouTube is one of the best ways to communicate to a wide audience, whether you're a knowledgeable videos creator or a vlogger.
In order to make money on YouTube, you need to be first enrolled in YouTube's Partner Programme (YPP), which allows you to make money through serving ads on your videos. In order to join YPP, an influencer will need at least 1,000 subscribers, and should have accumulated more than 4,000 hours 'watch-time' in the last 12 months and have a linked AdSense account, according to YouTube.
Additionally, you can earn money by promoting brands or selling your own set of products or services. Affiliate marketing has also been considered as one of the effective ways for earning money through YouTube.
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Edward Mill
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Manish Singhania
Logan to Floyd: "It was a huge entertainment"


If you want a perfect lawn but without the work then Automower® is the machine for you! Silent, electrically powered and fully automatic, it works when you tell it too – leaving you free to do other things. Quietly mowing your lawn in random patterns, it cuts the grass frequently. The small clippings are returned to the lawn to form fertiliser. Powered by electricity, Automower® offers you a more environmentally-friendly alternative. It gives off no emissions and has a low energy consumption too. The Advanced 4-wheeled robotic mower for larger and more complex grass areas. Suitable for medium sized areas up to 1500 m² and can also handle slopes with an incline of 40%. Smart technology adapts the amount of mowing to the lawn's growth rate, enables spot mowing of a limited area of longer grass and guides the mower through narrow passages. The intuitive menu system on the large, user-friendly display allows personal settings for when you'd like the machine to mow. Snap-covers in different colours are available as options.
Automower® Connect gives you full control of the mower right in your smartphone. You can send start, stop and park commands, check and adjust the settings,and also receive alarms and track your mower's position in case of theft – wherever you are.
The guide wire helps the mower to find its way back to the charging station, which will reduce searching times especially for complex gardens.


Ladies Golf – Shoalhaven Ex-servicemen's Club Ltd.
By Ladies Golf on Sunday, January 20th, 2019 in Ladies Golf. No Comments.
The Women's Golf Club held their annual Charity Day on Monday 18th March, the day after very heavy rains. Originally there were 90 players to attend but after such a dreadful weekend of weather we ended up with a field of 75. For our little club that was a wonderful turn out. We had players from Goulburn, Kiama, Catalina, The Grange, Callala, St Georges Basin, Tura Beach and Mollymook who sent 24 players.
Our Vice Captain worked successfully in obtaining sponsors for the day from Caltex, Unicorn Cheese and Chooky's, thank you Liz Sikora.
Cheryl Bargwanna and Sandra Mitchell's buying skills produced an amazing raffle table which added to other fund raising efforts enabling our club to raise $1,900.00 for our Charity, The Shakers.
The group from Goulburn had never been down to our course before and thoroughly enjoyed staying at the Springs Resort for a couple of days and were very impressed with the course and facilities.
We are very grateful to Rob and Greg in the Pro Shop for their assistance prior to and during the day. Also to Tony, who presented the course in a playable condition considering the weather that hit the day before, thank you. Tony also produced a very impressive scene for the three straightest drive holes using a colorful tape which no one could miss.
By Ladies Golf on Wednesday, December 12th, 2018 in Ladies Golf. No Comments.
The Worrigee Links Women's Golf annual Trophy Presentations and Christmas Party for 2018 was a lovely successful day, with a lot of laughs and some surprises.
Below is a list of winners and grinners on the day.
By Ladies Golf on Wednesday, October 3rd, 2018 in Ladies Golf. No Comments.
This year's drought certainly has, on one hand, made golf days missed by rain few and far between but the winds, oh boy, they were terrible. A big thank you to Tony and his greens staff for keeping our course in such good condition with their limited water supply.
Thanks to Rob, Greg and the pro-shop staff for their help and support throughout the year.
To this year's committee, a big thank you and congratulations on a job well done. We ran like a well-oiled machine making our club successful and welcoming.
Many thanks to Cath Pank, our wonderful secretary, who helped us keep so well informed and up to date.
I am having trouble finding the words that express my feelings towards the lady members past and present of this club. The last twelve years have been filled with love, laughter, enjoyment and the occasional sorrow. What a great time.
Good luck to all members, I hope the golfing gods are good to you. May next year and all the following ones be as happy and successful as this.
Well another year of golf has gone by so quickly and even though we badly need the rain the dry weather has meant that we have been able to get in all our golfing this year.
Our Charity Day was a great success and it was pleasing to have so many ladies come to play on our lovely course. They were effusive in their praise of our course, club and the friendliness of the players. We managed to raise quite a bit of money for our two charities, the Wig Library and the Parkinson's support group "the Shakers".
I would like to thank all the Committee for their invaluable help this year in keeping things running smoothly and stepping up when needed.
We managed to get all to rounds of the club championship in this year and would like to congratulate Aoauli Carrett in becoming our Gross Champion for 2018 and congratulations also to our Nett Champion, Pat Leach.
Our Foursomes Gross Champions were Pat Collier & Aoauli Carret and Nett Champions were Sonia Clarke and Robyn Bailey. Congratulations to all.
Our Matchplay Champion for this year was Liz Sikora.
We played our 2 round friendly against Callala in March for the WC Trophy and Worrigee Links was successful in bringing the toilet seat home.
I would also like to congratulate Sue Earle for her win in B Grade in the WGI Tournament for the GNSW Medal Playoff and I'm sure you will join me in wishing her luck in the State final in December.
I would like to thank my Vice-Captain Sue Earle for all her hard work in the week to week running of the club and for her work in organising the Pennants & Round Robin Competitions.
A HUGE thank you to Cath Pank for all the hard work she puts in as Secretary, we couldn't function so successfully without her, and for her role in the WGI, I am sure we would not have secured the WGI 3-day Tournament next year if not for her. A heartfelt thank you to all the Committee, especially to our President, for making my job easier. As I am stepping down as Captain this year I would like to thank all our members for the support they have shown me over the last few years and I am sure they will continue to support the new Captain in the coming year. I have enjoyed playing golf with you all.
considering the dry weather with have been experiencing.


text:
The Latest: Powell's press briefing shorter than Yellen's
Published March 21, 2018 MarketsAssociated Press
The Latest on the Federal Reserve's monetary policy meeting (all times local):
New Fed chairman Jerome Powell's first press conference clocked in at about 45 minutes, shorter than his predecessor Janet Yellen, who typically went for about an hour.
Powell took plenty of questions, but his answers were shorter than Yellen's, who frequently gave careful, economically complex responses that sometimes seemed intended to run out the clock.
Powell, however, is not an economist. He replaced Yellen, who had a Ph.D. in the subject, last month.
Like many economists, Powell says that the slow pace of wage growth is a bit of a puzzle. With the unemployment rate at a 17-year low of 4.1 percent and businesses loudly complaining that they can't find enough workers, economic theory suggests that employers should be raising pay more quickly than their current pace of about 2.5 percent a year.
"I've been surprised by that, and I think others have as well," Powell says during his first press conference as Fed chairman.
Still, he suggested some explanations: Paychecks largely reflect the pace of inflation and the growth of productivity, a measure of how efficient workers are. Both inflation and productivity growth are sluggish, which suggests wages should be as well.
Powell says Fed officials haven't lowered their economic growth forecasts because of the Trump administration's moves to impose tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. But he says Federal Reserve Bank presidents around the country have heard concerns from businesses in their districts about the impact of the tariffs.
"Trade policy has become a concern going forward for that group," he says, referring to business leaders.
But among Fed officials meeting in Washington Tuesday and Wednesday, Powell says, "There's no thought that changes in trade policy should have any effect on the current outlook."
Powell says in his first press conference that he is thinking about holding more press briefings than his predecessor, Janet Yellen.
"That is something I am carefully considering, have not made a decision yet," he said.
Currently the Fed holds four press conferences a year, following meetings when they issue their quarterly economic projections. It's a practice instituted by Former Fed chairman Ben Bernanke. Yet the Fed actually meets eight times a year. Many analysts expect rate increases will only be announced during those four meetings, so adding press conferences could give the Fed more flexibility in the timing of future rate hikes.
Fed policymakers expect to raise their benchmark interest rate three times in 2019. That's up from an earlier forecast of two, amid expectations of faster economic growth that they forecast will push the unemployment rate to its lowest level in a half-century. Contrary to many analysts' expectations, they did not change their forecast of three rate hikes this year.
Fed policymakers now expect the unemployment rate to drop to 3.6 percent by the end of next year, down from their previous estimate in December of 3.9 percent and far below the current rate of 4.1 percent. They project the rate will fall to 3.8 percent at the end of this year, down one-tenth of a point from its previous estimate.
The Fed now sees the economy growing more quickly, expanding 2.7 percent this year, up from a previous estimate of 2.5 percent. Growth will be 2.4 percent next year, the Fed expects, up from 2.1 percent. With growth picking up and unemployment low, policymakers expect core inflation — which excludes the food and energy categories — to rise 2.1 percent in 2019 and 2020. That's slightly above their 2 percent target.
The Fed has lifted its benchmark interest rate by a quarter-point to a range of 1.5 percent to 1.75 percent. It is the sixth increase since December 2015, when it began raising rates from rock-bottom levels. The rate hike is the first under new Fed Chairman Jerome Powell, who replaced Janet Yellen last month.
The economy is growing moderately and "job gains have been strong in recent months," Fed policymakers say in a statement following the conclusion of its two-day meeting.
Fed policymakers expect to hike just three times this year, consistent with its last forecast in December. Some economists expected the Fed would signal a fourth hike this year.
U.S. stocks are trading higher Wednesday afternoon as investors await news on whether the Fed will raise short-term interest rates at the completion of its two-day meeting. The decision will be released at 2:00 p.m.
Investors will also look for signs that Fed policymakers are leaning toward four rate hikes this year, rather than the three that financial markets currently expect.
Fed policymakers will also release their quarterly economic projections after the meeting. Analysts expect that they will slightly raise their forecasts for economic growth and lower their projections for the unemployment rate.
U.S. stocks are mixed Wednesday morning as investors wait for news on interest rates from the Fed. The Fed is widely expected to raise rates, and investors will be watching closely for clues about how many more increases the central bank may make this year and also for the Fed's assessment of how the economy is doing.
It's also the first Fed meeting since Jerome Powell took over as chairman, although so far Powell hasn't made any major breaks with the policies of predecessor Janet Yellen. Bond yields are little changed after they jumped on Tuesday.
Investors are cautious as they await the outcome of the U.S. Federal Reserve's first meeting under its new chairman, Jerome Powell, and his subsequent news conference.
The Fed is set to announce its first interest rate increase of the year, a testament to the continued strength of the economy and of the job market in particular. The central bank raised rates modestly three times in 2017 under Powell's predecessor, Janet Yellen, whom he succeeded last month.
Once its meeting ends at 2 p.m. Eastern time Wednesday, the Fed will issue a policy statement and update its economic projections before Powell begins taking questions from reporters.
Dow and S&P 500 futures were down 0.1 percent ahead of the Fed announcement, while the dollar was down 0.2 percent at 106.30 yen.


Hangzhou: The capital city of Zhejiang province and its economic, cultural, science and educational center, Hangzhou is one of the central cities in the Yangtze River Delta. It also is a popular City of Scenic Tourism, ranking among the first batch of National Historical and Cultural Cities crowned by the State Council. Located in the southern wing of the Yangtze River Delta, western tip of the Hangzhou Bay, downstream of the Qiantang River, and the southern terminus of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Hangzhou stands as a vital transport hub in southeast China.


text:
Graffiti mars baseball dugout
CJ Vogel
Graffitti on the wall of the baseball dugout was quickly removed once it was noticed by the team. Here, senior Brandon Provence looks at what the team jokingly calls the "wall of encouragement".
Kevin Davis, Sports Editor
One of the dugouts on the baseball field was the recent site of some vandalism as an unknown perpetrator spray painted the words "sup" and "hi" on the wall.
"I found out [about the vandalization] as soon as I walked in the dugout," head baseball coach Russell Reichenbach said.
Administration was notified immediately and fixed the problem as soon as they could.
"I let administration know that someone had painted parts of our dugout," Reichenbach said. "They came out and fixed it the next day."
The team was caught off guard when they saw the graffiti as it was the second time something has been vandalized in athletics.
"The team was very surprised and we did not expect it," junior Michael Koval said. What made it more surprising was that other graffiti had recently been covered up on the POD."
Although the baseball team did not appreciate the graffiti, they are making it light of it.
"It is kind of a running joke between me and a few teammates," junior Jacob Parrott said. "Since nothing inappropriate was written in the dugout, we joke about how it should be the 'wall of encouragement'"
This is not the first time something like this has happened on the baseball field.
"We have had some other incidents at the field, but thankfully nothing major," Reichenbach said. "It's a really immature, disrespectful thing for someone to do, so thankfully it hasn't happened often."
Kevin Davis is returning for his fifth year is the newspaper program in middle school, and is a senior this year. He is also the sports editor of The Red...