Summary. Having traced in the previous Prakaraṇa all from Saṁsāra up to Turyatīta at the end of Sattā-sāmānya and having also given out the quiescence of the mind and thereby the whole universe, the author states the means of directly cognising that Turyatīta state in this, the Nirvāṇa Prakaraṇa. Therefore, in this story of Bhuśuṇḍa, the Yogic mysteries are given out to attain that end.
Vasiṣṭḥa again continued: "As the quarters and the time do not exist, the immutable and non-dual Brahman alone shines as Absolute Consciousness without any environment and without any fluctuation, destruction, beginning or end; but none else exists. With this thought in your mind, you should not identify yourself with objects; and having become a Jīvanmukta, may you reach the non-dual quiescent silence and enjoy the final beatitude. So long as the idea of Ajñāna exists, so long will the Brahmic state not be attained. So long as there is the sense of the illusory enjoyment in this legerdemain of the world, so long will the false creations of the mind, etc. will not wear off. In fact neither Chitta nor Māyā nor Manas nor Jīva exists; but the effulgent Brahman alone is, like one vast ocean ebbing and falling. So long as this 'I' which identifies itself with this body of nine avenues has the conception of reality in the visible things of this universe, so long will the illusions of Chitta, etc., exist. So long as there are desires in objects with the idea, 'They are mine, etc.', so long will the illusions of Chitta, etc., exist. If, Oh cloud-colored Rāma, through the stainless internal, 'That', the light straw of the three universes be sacrified in the fire of Jñāna, then the illusions of Chitta and others will never approach him. Those who, contemplating upon the all-pervading Self which is the one partless Jñāna without this or that limit and without Saṁkalpas, regard without any duplicity of mind as friends even those who are hired as assassins to kill them those only can be said to have truly worshipped their immaculate Ātma. Like a cataract which washes away the trees on its banks, those who have destroyed material desires and the injurious ill-will of the mind would have purged themselves of all stains with true glory of heart. Those who have contemplated internally upon the true meaning of Tattva-jñāna Śāstras and discriminating thereby have put an end to all desires, are like a sun that dispels darkness. Those who have known the (real) express meaning (of the Vedas) fit to be known, will find it to be clearly impinged in their mind like water in a burnt ground. Those who through incessant practice have not cognized the Brahmic Principle those who have not seen directly the eye of Jñāna will ever whirl with their mental modifications like a withered leaf. Even though this Jñāna is imperishable, all persons do not try to know it and are ever of a drooping heart. And all the egoisms and threats of the ignorant ring for their destruction in our ears, like arrows hissing in the battle fields from the bows. These worthless persons will but loiter their time and not cognize the imperishable Jñāna.
To the ignorant, the express significance (of the Vedas) is like a thing sunk in mire. It is like the howling of a dog with its eye cast up in the heavens. Ajñāna is the cause of all dangers; but no dangers will befall a knower of truth. This Māyā is the necessary attendant upon the ignorant. This universe is in the mind of a Jñāni, only like the footprints of a cow; but to the Ajñānins, it is an immutable ocean of pains.
Vasiṣṭha replied: "The attainment of the state of Sattā common to all mankind after a discriminative enquiry between the real and the unreal constitutes the supreme Mokṣa. If after having clearly and completely experienced and renounced all Vāsanās of objects, one reaches the Sattā-sāmānya state, then it is Mokṣa. Like the sprout in the seed, the Vāsanās rest dull in the heart within. This is Suṣupti and this is it which generates all rebirths. It is only because all the Vāsanās are latent in the heart, after the heterogeneous worldly thoughts (of the waking state) are extinct, that the dire Saṁsāric pains arise. Trees and others are inert only. Though going into Suṣupti, they are again and again born. Like flowers latent in seeds and pots in earth, the unceasing Vāsanās will be potential in the tree. Therefore this Suṣupti which is the seed of the all-expansive Vāsanās can not be called Mokṣa; but the pure Vāsanās which are not the seed of that state are themselves Turya and hence it is Mokṣa. It is not necessary to have much to do with our enemy of impure Vāsanās, fire, debts, disease, poison, enemy, anger or love; but a slight association with any of them is enough to afflict us all our life.
At this point of the narrative, Rāma asked thus: "Please describe to me the painless state of Śaṅkara (Śiva) and others." To which the Muni replied: "All the manifold things of the cosmos, whether great or small are the stainless Brahman only; Jñāna is Brahman only; the world is Brahman only; the five elements are Brahman only; we are Brahman; our enemies are Brahman; our friends, kinsmen are Brahman only. Such is the doctrine of Śaṅkara and others. Just as this universe appears dark to the purblind, and shining to those having eyes to see, so it appears blissful to Jñānins and painful to the Ajñānins. Whoever contemplates upon all as the partless Brahman, he alone is Brahman; he alone is the drinker of ambrosia. He will never fail to attain immortality.
To which the Vedic Muni replied: "There are two means of Yoga to avert the dire melting pains of existence. The two means, viz., true Jñāna and control of Prāṇa should, rightly speaking, be classed under Yoga; yet in ordinary usage, the control of Prāṇa alone is called Yoga. Both these paths have been given out by Parameśvāra. To the temperament of some, Yoga is most desirable; to the temperament of others, Jñāna is most desirable. Of these two, I have already expatiated upon the true Jñāna. Now I shall deal with Yoga. To illustrate it, I shall recite to you a nectar-like sweet story: "Once upon a time, I was in the august synod of Devendra along with Deva Ṛṣis and others. Thus I heard, from the lips of Nārada and other Munis, the stories of Chiraṁjīvins (the long-lived). Please lend your ears to one of them. A big nest like a mountain was built on the southern branch of a Kalpa tree which reared its head aloft on the north-eastern side of the summit of Mahāmeru dazzling like a diamond. In that nest, lived a crow named Bhuśuṇḍa, a Yogi. Who could, either before or after this Yogi, vie with him in all the worlds, the heavenly world (Svarga) even in the length of time a Yogi can sit in Yoga? This Bhuśuṇḍa was the longest lived and was desireless; had the wealth of Mokṣa, the greatest intelligence, extreme quiescence and the faculty of a seer to cognize clearly all the three periods of time.
Thereupon the Śaktis gave vent to the following words: "Thou have conceived through sheer destiny. Thou wilt no longer be able to drag our Ratha (car or body). Therefore live according to thy free will and pleasure." With these words, the Devīs went into Nirvikalpa Samādhi.
The swans were far advanced in pregnancy, when they, at the allotted time, laid eggs on the shores of the Manasa4 tank. These eggs being hatched, there issued out 21 young ones, the progeny of Chaṇḍa. I and twenty others along with our parents were engaged for a long time in the worship of Brahma-Śakti (viz. , Alambuṣā). She arose from her Samādhi and graced us, through her love, with Mokṣa. Extreme quiescence reigned in our heart thereafter. In order to pitch upon a place where we can live alone and without association, we reached our parents by the side of Alambuṣā and having saluted them both, we reached Mokṣa through the grace of that Śakti. On enquiring for a state where Nirvāṇic bliss can be enjoyed, we were pointed out to this Kalpa tree. Having poured forth thanks, we came to abide here without any pains. All the Karmas I have been performing from that date have now concreted themselves in thy shape and have fructified to-day. Whoever will not be blessed with the nectar of Brahmic bliss through the moonlight of the association of the Jñānis? Will the certitude of the beneficial nature of a thing arise otherwise than through the grace of the wise? Even though I am a knower of Brahman, still as I have rid myself soon of all existences through thy visit, this birth of mine is fraught with the most wonderful of results. Therefore thou art Īśvara himself." So saying he increased his respects towards me.
The Yogi said: "What good results will accrue to those who will not act up to the injunctions of the Great ones? Though thou knowest this, I shall explain it to thee, inasmuch as thou hast asked of me. Yama will not in the least approach those whose minds have cast off the beads of the pearls of stains strung in the string of pains. Yama will not approach those whose minds are never subject to the agonies which are like a saw to the tree of certitude or vermin to the body. Yama will not approach those wise persons who do not nourish in themselves the hissing serpent of desire which rests its head in the mind and twines itself round this tree of the perishible body. Yama will not approach those Jñānins who are not bitten by the serpent of greed in the hole of their mind and emitting the venom of love and hatred. Yama will not approach those persons who have eradicated the root of anger in the ocean of the body without making the Vāḍava fire to spread itself without making the waters of discrimination to dry up. Yama will not approach those whose minds are not inflamed by Kāma (passion) but are crushed like sesamum seeds in an oil-press. Yama will not approach those who attain quiescence in the imperishable and immaculate Nirvāṇic state without any pains through excessive meditation. It is the above mentioned stains that form the germs of existence. But they will not affect those great minds that have become non-dual and without any differences (of conception). Those pains which arise through mental disease and produce all illusions will not even go near that non-dual mind divested of all differences. They will not come in contact with that non-dual mind devoid of all differences, wherein the heart-Ākāśa is not obscured, and attachment and hatred are destroyed. They will not in the least enter that non-dual mind which is free from bad thoughts, words, qualities or actions and whichever looks equally upon all.
"Now hear about the characteristics of Prāṇas. The inhalation, to the length of twelve digits, of the Prāṇa which has been exhaled is called (the internal) pūraka (inhalation.) It is also called the (internal) pūraka, when Apāna Vāyu re-enters the body from outside without any effort. When Apāna ceases to manifest itself and Prāṇa is absorbed in the heart, then the time occupied in such a state is (the internal) Kumbhaka (cessation of the breath). Oh Rāma versed in all Vedas, Yogis are able to experience all these. When the Prāṇa in the Ākāśa of the heart manifests itself externally (to the heart within) in diverse aspects without any affliction to the mind, then it is called (the internal) Rechaka (exhalation). When the externally fluctuating Prāṇa enters the nose and stops there at its tip, then it is called the external Pūraka; but if passing from the tip of the full-blown nose, it goes (down twelve digits, then it is also called the external Pūraka. When Prāṇa goes arrested without and Apāna within, then it is called the external Kumbhaka. When the shining Apāna-Vāyu takes an upward bent within, then it is styled the external Rechaka. All these practices lead to Mokṣa. Therefore they should ever be meditated upon. Those who have understood and practised well all the external and internal Kumbhākāśa and others will never after be re-born.
So saying I rose and steered my way in the Ākāśa, where in spite of all my entreaties to stay where he was, he accompanied me many Yojanas. Then by sheer force, I compelled him to stay and return.
Is it not, Oh Rāma, heart-rending to part from pure Jñānis? I parted from Bhuśuṇḍa, the great Yogi once in Kṛta-Yuga. Then I visited him again in this Tretā-Yuga, when, Rāma, thou, didst incarnate.


There is a natural and least toxic pest control alternative to our environmental challenges. Healthy homes, yards and gardens are available to those who want the best for their environment and family.
For over 25 years, Indoor Environmental Technologies (IET) has been seeking out healthier ways to approach the environmental challenges which life presents. We should look at life as a four-spoked wheel with Diet, Attitude, Exercise and our Environment all playing a key role to keep the wheel rolling true. Over the years, we have had the privilege to work with many forward-thinking experts in their field. Dr. Marion Moses was a pioneer in pesticide regulation and proponent of least toxic pest control. Working with Dr. Moses and the Sarasota Junior League in the mid 1990's to draw attention to pesticide spraying of residential lawns and golf courses resulted in a public awakening to the unintended consequences of broadcast spraying while taking into consideration that pesticide exposure can be very challenging to sensitive children and adults. Dr. Moses book Designer Poisons and Common-Sense Pest Control by William Olkowski set the stage for our increased awareness into this field back in the 1990's.
Prudent avoidance and the use of least toxic methods has proven effective; both in my life and the lives of our clients. Over the years, IET has performed pesticide testing for our clients who were concerned about the possibility of pesticide exposure. IET has performed testing using the best available analytical methods. We've learned a few tricks over the years in dealing with pesticide testing and reducing exposure in contaminated environments. The old saying "An Ounce of Prevention is Worth a Pound of Cure" has never been more appropriate. This book review article and list of references are offered to allow you to access what we feel to be some of the best sources available to minimize pesticide exposure.
Designer Poisons book is a long overdue source of essential information on common household pesticides by a highly respected medical doctor and scientist well versed in environmental and occupational medicine. It is a powerhouse of information on diseases, adverse health effects and potential injuries caused by household pesticides.
Written by one of the nation's foremost authorities on pesticides, Dr. Marion Moses, Designer Poisons' major focus is on chronic effects: the seemingly small, and apparently minor, exposures which occur on a regular basis over a long period of time but which tragically result in cancer, reproductive disorders, and damage to the brain and nervous system. The culprits? A broad range of commonly available chemicals that are readily found at home and used day in and day out by the unsuspecting. Although acute health effects are also clearly described by the author, the major value of this book is that it addresses the devastating effect of chronic exposures.
The U.S. chemical industry prefers to ignore chronic effects and EPA and NIOSH mandated Material Safety Data Sheets are seriously deficient because they are limited to describing the symptoms of acute exposures, when for most workers it is the repetitive, long-term exposure that is the cause of devastating injuries and death. Moses is to be applauded for forthrightly addressing the chronic exposure issues in this new book.
The book is packed with unique, detailed tables listing potential chronic effects for the active ingredients in hundreds of brand name products sold over-the-counter and used by professional exterminators in the home, on humans, pets, and lawns. It also cross indexes chemical names with trade and generic names.
Designer Poisons is a valuable and authoritative source of essential information on the health aspects of pesticides. This book is an invaluable reference for assessing potential pesticide-related illnesses and evaluating the responsibility of manufacturers for resulting injuries.
Designer Poisons is strongly recommended for physicians, toxicologists, occupational medicine clinics, public health officials, health and safety regulation administrators, attorneys and anyone interested in the diagnosis, etiology and prevention of chronic chemical exposure injuries and illnesses.
This book covers it all from basic concepts to beneficial organisms to pesticides to pests of the human body to pests inside the house to pests of indoor plants to pests of the house structure to pests in the garden to pests of the community. Its chapters are filled with taxonomy references and tables supported by beautiful illustrations. This book is nothing short of the seminal guide to natural pest control like the American Practical Navigator by Nathaniel Bowditch is to a life at sea. They both base their knowledge based practicality on nature and the and the advancements in the understandings of both these disciplines. While Bowditch has the US navy and Coast Guard providing the ongoing updates, Olkowski has the Bio-Integral Resource Center providing the most current updates through its resource branch located at www.BIRC.org.
We strongly recommend both Designer Poisons and Common Sense Pest Control for your edification.


I always had a soft spot for Alan Jarvis. Not really a welsh international of note but in the winter after England won the world cup he started against them in the home internationals at Wembley. Wales and Jarvis lost 5-1. I don't think he played for them again. Now was that fair? He was quite a stylish left half or wingback as we would call them these days for City and complemented Simpkin on the other flank in the mid 60's as quite an attacking midfield. But I'm afraid the step up against the world champions was too much for the lad.
Thought Jarvis got a few Welsh caps… In no way was he a wing back! He was part of the great Chillo/Waggy side, so fondly remembered.
The Jamaicans were good value, and Garcia was always a whole hearted performer. Worthy of respect as part of our PL team.
Yes, you're quite right. He got 3 caps, second one against England. He got them all in the same season 66-67. Just looking that up I noticed a HDM article from Dec last year that I must have missed about him now in a nursing home suffering from dementia apparently from heading the football a la Jeff Astle. Sad end to a one of my childhood heroes.


The intense pressures of improving efficiency, driving down costs, improving patient outcomes and generally doing more with less means healthcare organizations today face perhaps their toughest challenges. But I think the concept of 'doing more with less' is inherently flawed. It is imperative to do more, more effectively, with less. Quality matters. When efficiency programs focus solely on removing cost in a process, or speeding things, quality often suffers. Technology is a critical area of focus that healthcare organizations must embrace in order to realize the returns of truly becoming efficient, improving quality, and evolving the programs to offer greater value.
BYOD is an acronym we have all heard for a while now. For some organizations, bring-your-own-device is an opportunity to remove capital expense and improve the user experience (because the technology most people choose as a personal device is of higher quality and greater functionality than corporately supplied hardware).
For BYOD to work successfully, the basic network architecture, usually a robust wireless LAN, must provide ubiquitous network coverage and support a range of devices. Security is often cited as a primary concern in this space, and vendors of content management and mobile device management solutions propose controlling a BYOD device the same as any other device accessing the corporate network. The real challenge healthcare faces, however, is turning smartphones and tablets into healthcare-centric devices so that their functionality makes them a viable tool for the healthcare professional.
The ideal scenario is that a mobility strategy containing a BYOD policy also looks at the underlying communications platform and the integration of every clinical and non-clinical system. The goal is to optimize not the device, but the workflow. This is how healthcare organizations can truly realize the benefits of doing more, more effectively, with less.


text:
Gardener at work watering plants in the Royal B...
Gardener at work watering plants in the Royal Botanic Gardens c1880
State Archives & Records New South Wales
[4481_a026_000572]
Parks Zoological and Botanical Gardens
Garden Palace
Statutory body established by the State Records Act 1998. The Act provides for the creation, management and protection of the records of public offices of the State and for public access to those records.
Based at Kingswood, State Archives and Records NSW manage and provide access to the New South Wales State archives collection, a unique and irreplaceable part of Australia's cultural heritage dating back to 1788.
Zoological and Botanical Gardens
Building in Sydney's Royal Botanic Gardens which hosted the spectacular International Exhibition in 1879 before its equally spectacular destruction by fire in 1882.
Harbourside gardens that combine scientific research with recreation for Sydneysiders.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Lets you quickly and easily create professional labels, envelopes, postcards, cd inserts, and more.
Lets you copy tracks from an audio cd to a hard drive in a variety of file formats. CDCOPY can save files in WAV, AU, RAW, RealAudio, Yamaha VQF and MPG (layers 1 and 2) formats.
This audio cd ripper, it can rip to WAV and MP3 formats in any bit rate from 8K/s to 320K/s. It also supports VBR encoding. You can rip and automatically normalize the files simultaneously.


Two on duty detectives from the Fond du Lac County Sheriff's Department were injured in a two-vehicle crash Monday morning.
TOWN OF FRIENDSHIP - Two on duty detectives from the Fond du Lac County Sheriff's Department were injured in a two-vehicle crash Monday morning.
The incident happened just after 11:50 a.m. on Lakeshore Drive, just north of Silver Street, according to a statement from the sheriff's department.
The passenger in the squad car and the driver of the other vehicle were both transported to St. Agnes Hospital where they were treated and released, the statement said. The driver of the squad car was airlifted to ThedaCare Regional Medical Center-Neenah with serious injuries.
The driver of the squad car will be released Tuesday, Chief Deputy Ryan Waldschmidt said.
Both cars were "heavily damaged," Waldschmidt said.
The sheriff's office has called in the Wisconsin State Patrol to investigate the crash further, and more information is expected to be released Tuesday.


Denver may not have as intricate a transportation as say, Chicago or New York, but the city is working toward building sustainable transportation models. The light rail system is slowly but surely expanding connecting neighborhoods and commerce. Green fleet taxis, the city bus system and bikes, which continue to garner respect and recognition from motorists, play an increasingly important role in Denver's transportation grid.
The conference will focus on building livable communities through transit and multimodal investments.
The article details how a proposal to overhaul the highway would adversely impact minority neighborhoods.


A fine Mi'kmaq ash splint creel woven by an individual with considerable talent. Wide bellied construction and a woven lid with wire hinges and clasp. No strap although it is made to accommodate one. Circa 1920 and no damage.


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A Swedish power plant northwest of Stockholm hopes to go fossil fuel free by 2020 – and they're turning to recycled wood and trash for alternatives, including discarded apparel from retail chain H&M. This year they've already burned around 15 tons of H&M clothes.
Sweden boasts a nearly emission-free power system, according to Bloomberg, due to wind, nuclear, and hydro plants. But some local municipalities do use oil and coal for heating on winter days. The country hopes to move away from fossil fuel units by converting old plants to burn trash and biofuels instead.
The Vasteras plant, which supplies power for around 150,000 households, has burned around 400,000 tons of garbage this year. Bloomberg reported earlier this week, the last coal ship docked in the area to drop off supplies to last until 2020 for the plant's last two fossil fuel generators, which date back to the 1960s. In 2020, the plant will add a wood-fired boiler to help trash- and biofuel-burning units meet demand.
Is this supposed to be a good news! Getting rid of consequences of our unsustainable consumption.
Malarenergi AB's Vasteras power plant is burning discarded clothing and recycled wood.
A Swedish power plant is burning H&M clothing for electricity.
The power plant aims to go fossil fuel free by 2020.


text:
ERC-advice
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A Missing Piece of the Puzzle for the Solar Engine
First experimental proof of fusion process in massive stars
Scientists involved in the Borexino Collaboration have for the first time proven the existence of the CNO fusion cycle in nature. They detected solar neutrinos originating in this process, subordinate in our sun. However, CNO fusion is expected to play a crucial role in the universe, being the predominant energy generating process in more massive stars. With the aid of the observatory for almost undetectable "ghost particles", located 1,400 metres below the Earth's surface at the Gran Sasso massif near Rome, the researchers have found one of the missing pieces of the puzzle in how solar nuclear fusion works. They have now published their findings in the renowned journal Nature.
At its heart, the sun is a gigantic fusion reactor. Hydrogen nuclei continuously fuse with each other at a temperature of around 15 million degrees in the sun's core, thus forming the element helium via a chain of different reactions. As this happens, different types of radiation and particles are constantly emitted, some of which are neutrinos. Billions of these neutrinos pass through every square centimetre on Earth every second, completely unnoticed and unhindered. This property of being able to pass through materials undisturbed makes them ideal probes for gaining a closer glimpse inside the solar furnace. They provide direct, uncompromised information about the conditions in the core of the sun.
Coronal mass ejection on the sun, August 2012 ©: NASA/Goddard/SDO
Heavy elements in stellar plasma
"The sun generates its energy in complicated chains of nuclear reactions," explains Livia Ludhova, member of JARA-FAME, one of the two current scientific coordinators of the Borexino collaboration and head of the Neutrino Group at Jülich's Nuclear Physics Institute, which made crucial contributions to the results of the experiment. "The key process is the fusion of hydrogen into helium, called 'hydrogen burning'. According to the current model of the sun, this takes place through two theoretically well understood mechanisms."
In less massive stars like our sun, the dominant one is the PP chain, which is started by the direct fusion of two protons. The other mechanism is the CNO cycle, sometimes known as the Bethe–Weizsäcker cycle. "It is enabled by the presence of elements heavier than helium in the stellar plasma, which are directly involved in the fusion reactions, as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen" says Ludhova. "This is why it is called the CNO cycle. The name is derived from the symbols of these elements." Both mechanisms, the PP chain and the CNO cycle, generate energy and emit a whole spectrum of neutrinos.
"Because of the large number of massive stars it is presumed that the CNO cycle is the primary mechanism in the universe for stars to convert hydrogen into helium," says Ludhova. However, in our sun – a star with a relatively low mass – the process only plays a very minor role. "We expect that it is responsible for about one percent of the sun's energy production," the physicist explains. "In theory, the process is well founded. But until now, no-one has ever managed to observe it in experiments."
A view inside the Borexino detector: its central component is an extremely thin-walled, spherical nylon balloon containing 280 tonnes of a special scintillator fluid. ©: BOREXINO Collaboration
First experimental proof
The same property that makes neutrinos so ideal for getting information from the core of the sun to Earth also makes them particularly difficult to capture. They pass almost unhindered through materials – including measuring instruments. They can only be detected in the Borexino detector if a neutrino happens to collide with an electron, to which it transfers some of its energy, that is then released in the form of a tiny flash of light when the electron moves. Measuring neutrinos requires large detectors, in which a few of the trillions passing through per day interact with matter and can therefore be detected.
Now the scientists working on the Borexino experiment have managed to find the first experimental proof of the existence of the CNO cycle – by directly observing neutrinos generated in this fusion process. "We have proven the existence of CNO neutrino interactions with high statistical significance," explains Ludhova. "This allowed us to calculate the total flux of CNO neutrinos on Earth at around 700 million per second through one square centimetre – around one hundredth of the total number of solar neutrinos."
Tiny light flashes occur in the detector when the rare reactions with neutrinos happen. Individual light particles, photons, are detected by around 2000 sensors mounted on the walls of the stainless steel sphere enclosing the scintillator, converting light into electrical impulses. ©: BOREXINO Collaboration
Thousands of light detectors 1,400 m below the Earth
The instrument that enabled this measurement is the Borexino observatory, where data on neutrinos from the sun has been gathered since 2007. The facility is located in the largest underground laboratory in the world, the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. At the heart of the Borexino detector is an extremely thin-walled, spherical nylon balloon containing 280 tonnes of a special scintillator fluid. Tiny light flashes occur in it when the rare reactions with neutrinos happen. Individual light particles, photons, are detected by around 2000 sensors converting light into electrical impulses. "The energy deposited by the neutrinos, a crucial parameter of the analysis, is correlated with the amount of light detected," explains Ludhova. "In order to perform this delicate measurement in the first place, the natural radioactivity in the Borexino detector had to be reduced by several orders of magnitude to an unprecedented level. In addition, the whole detector was thermally stabilized in the latest years, what characterizes the Borexino Phase III data set, used in the CNO discovery."
To protect against cosmic radiation, the tank is located below a 1,400-metre-thick layer of dolomitic rock at the Gran Sasso mountain massif near Rome, Italy. Nevertheless, some of these cosmic particles are still able to reach the detector – and overshadow the neutrino signals that are being searched for. To reduce this additional background source, the scientists have developed sophisticated analyses techniques. Such algorithms help to suppress events that are hindering identification of rare neutrino signals.
"Proof of the CNO neutrinos represents a significant milestone," Livia Ludhova explains. "It paves the way for us to better understand the composition of the sun's core, particularly its metallicity." This is the standard term in astrophysics for the abundance of "heavy" chemical elements in stars and is one of the most important unanswered questions in solar physics today. "The Borexino detector has once again played a pioneering role in research into the sun and unlocked the deepest secrets of the processes that keep our star alive."
Original publication: Experimental evidence of neutrinos produced in the CNO fusion cycle in the Sun, Nature: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2934-0
A press release of Forschungszentrum Jülich
On the life and work of Rolf Widerøe - A reading recommendation
ERC Advanced Grant for JARA-FAME member Prof. Ulf G. Meißner
Research·
FAME·
Human Brain
Simulation Science
Systemanalysis
Nuclear- and Particle Physics
JEDI Project
Topolgical Isolators
Nanoswitches
Newsletter (german)


Homepage > Latest publications > Can we evaluate the risk of childhood obesity based on the intestinal flora?
The composition of the gut microbiota of a two-year old child could predict their subsequent risk of obesity, according to a Norwegian study that opens up new outlooks on the prevention of this disorder that keeps gaining ground all over the world.
Although poor diet and insufficient physical activity are unquestionable risk factors for excess weight and obesity, the gut microbiota could also play a major role: according to different studies, its composition during the first two years of life is related to the weight progression during that same time period. In a new study, researchers analyzed the gut microbiota of 165 Norwegian children as well as their mother's BMI during pregnancy at 6 different timepoints between birth and the age of two. They then tried to correlate these results with the body mass index (BMI) of these same children ten years later.
In children of normal weight, the BMI remains the same during their entire childhood; while in obese children, BMI constantly increases between 2 and 12 years old. However, the authors point out that only an extremely small minority of these children have a BMI at the age of 2 that heralds a future obesity. On the contrary, they observed a strong association between the composition of the microbiota at the age of 2 and the BMI at the age of 12. According to their calculations, the impact of the intestinal ecosystem on the BMI largely exceeds that of other known factors such as mode of delivery, duration of exclusive breastfeeding, exposure to antibiotics, or various maternal factors such as smoking, pre-pregnancy BMI, education level.
According to the authors, having an "obesogenic" gut microbiota precedes weight gain by several years and seems to be mainly the result of direct mother-to-child transmission (mother excess weight or obesity, excessive weight gain during pregnancy…). They suggest that these findings are a step towards new and more targeted strategies to prevent childhood obesity that are based on the identification of high-risk children before the age of two, when their weight is still within the normal range.


New York State law (section 459-c of the Real Property Tax Law) gives local governments and public school districts the option of granting a reduction in the amount of property taxes paid by qualifying persons with disabilities.
To qualify, person with disabilities generally must have certain documented evidence of their disability and meet certain income limitations and other requirements. They also must file the exemption application with their local assessor by the appropriate filing date.
The basic exemption is a 50% reduction in the assessed value of the legal residence of the qualifying disable person. For the basic exemption, the laws allow each county, city, town, village, or school district to set the maximum income limit at any figure between $3,000 and $26,000.
Localities have the further option of giving exemptions of less than 50% to persons with qualifying disabilities whose incomes are more than $26,000. Under this option, called the "sliding-scale" option, a qualifying owner can have a yearly income as high as $34,399.99 and get a 5% exemption in places that are using the maximum limit.
Please check with your local assessor or the clerks of the local governments and school district involved to determine which local options, if any, are in effect.
Please note that if the property is receiving an exemption under the low-income senior citizen's exemption (section 467 of the Real Property Tax Law), it cannot also receive an exemption under this law for the same municipal tax purpose. A property eligible for the persons with disabilities exemption, however, can receive other exemptions, such as those for School Tax Relief (STAR), veteran's, etc.
Along with the application, applicant must bring proof of income.
An award letter from the Social Security Administration certifying the applicant's eligibility to receive Social Security Disability Insurance or Supplemental Security Income must be provided.
An award letter from the Railroad Retirement Board certifying the applicant's eligibility to receive railroad retirement disability benefits.
A certificate from the State Commission for the Blind and Visually Handicapped stating that the applicant is legally blind.
An award letter from the United States Postal Service stating that the applicant is certified to receive a United States Postal Service disability pension.
Application must be filed before March 1.


I enjoyed the session and the take away's for me were centred around the sheer volume of knowledge the speaker had about the Customer Experience sector. I learned a lot about other organisations and what they are doing well, not so well.
I also enjoyed the freedom to ask anything, and to hear from some of the other delegates what they are focusing on. The speaker was engaging, enthusiastic and extremely passionate about making a difference in our sector of Customer Experience - please thank him again for me.


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What I Miss about Flying the F-4
I was very lucky to have been able to fly the F-4 Phantom for five years in the United States Air Force from 1971 – 1976, including three years teaching men to fly the F-4 while an instructor at George Air Force Base, California. I loved flying the Phantom. There is something very special about flying a supersonic jet fighter that is hard to put into words. No matter how eloquent the speaker may be, words just cannot describe the out of this world experience of flying a fighter.
Video, however, is more than a picture worth a 1,000 words. Below I am linking to two videos that give the non-fighter pilot viewer a true-life glimpse into what best described in the poem "High Flight."
Sunward I've climbed and joined the tumbling mirth of sun-split clouds –
and done a hundred things You have not dreamed of –
wheeled and soared and swung high in the sunlit silence.
Hovering there I've chased the shouting wind along
and flung my eager craft through footless halls of air.
Up, up the long delirious burning blue.
I've topped the wind-swept heights with easy grace,
where never lark, or even eagle, flew;
and, while with silent, lifting mind I've trod
the high untrespassed sanctity of space,
put out my hand and touched the face of God.
The above sonnet was written by John Gillespie Magee, an American pilot with the Royal Canadian Air Force in the Second World War. He came to Britain, flew in a Spitfire squadron, and was killed at the age of nineteen on 11 December 1941 during a training flight from the airfield near Scopwick, England.
Flying the A-10 Warthog
Flying the F-16 Falcon
The second video shows F-16 Falcons from the 35th Fighter Squadron at Kunsan, Korea participating in Red Flag exercises in Alaska in 2014. This is my old squadron from Korat Air Base, Thailand (1972) and Kunsan Air Base, Korea (1973). We were the Panthers (see the picture on the squadron patch at the top of this page), but now the squadron's nickname is Pantons. According to the Urban Dictionary "panton" means:
Noun or adjective – Some one who is full throttle, to push it up, or lights their hair on fire. Also a good dude; a current or former member of the technically, tactically, strategically, aesthetically, and especially socially superior fighter squadron.
F-4E JV 268 MiG Killer
F-4 in Combat Books
Video: 35th Tactical Fighter Squadron TDY to SEA 1 Apr 72


This site focuses on financial education as a lifelong endeavor--from children learning about the value of money to adults reaching a secure retirement.
This website supports the national America Saves Week campaign by offering tools and advice to help people set and reach their savings goals.
This is the only source to get free credit reports authorized by federal law. This law requires each of the three largest consumer credit reporting agences to give you a free copy of your credit report every 12 months.
The Ballpark E$stimate is an easy-to-use worksheet that helps you approximate how much you need to save to fund a comfortable retirement.
Provides answers to questions about workplace benefits and offers links to assist you if you believe you have been denied a health or retirement benefit inappropriately.
Learn more about the CFPB and how it is working to make consumer financial markets fairer for everyone.
Submit a complaint about consumer financial products and services.
Ask CFPB provides answers to common money questions.
CFPB en Espanol proporciona informacion de las respuestas y preguntas mas comunes acerca de servicios y productos financieros.
Tambien incluye informacion de como presentar una queja.
Paying for College tools and information can help you make better informed decisions.
The Retirement Estimator gives benefits estimates based on your actual Social Security earnings records.
The official web portal of the U.S. government. USA.gov contains timely and valuable government information and resources on a variety of topics including consumer protection, small business, benefits, health insurance, taxes, and more.


Tsukiji Autumn Festival in September!
Tsukiji Autumn Festival on Tsukiji is held in the first or second weekend of October. About 100,000 people visit this festival for two day.
This festival has more visitors than usual though visitors of Tsukiji can have fish dishes except the festival day. Because visitors of this festival can have several dishes of popular restaurants in Tsukiji all at once.
In the past, Tama-hide, La Bettola, Kagari, Koharuken and more popular restaurants open stalls for this festival. Tama-hide has been operated in Tokyo since 1760, and is well known for making first Oyakodon in 1891. Oyako-don is a bowl of rice with boiled chicken and egg on top. Oyako means parent and child, don(donburi) means rice bowl dish. It has been eaten by many different age groups. Visitors of this festival buy tickets to eat or buy something in this festival.
There are some workshops for free about fish or dish in this festival, "Try to shave dried bonito", "Try to cut a fish with an edged tool", "Try to cook dried fish" etc. Instructors of these workshops may be not able to speak English, but you can learn them with their gestures.
By the way, a tourist information office nemed Puratto Tsukiji help tourist of Tsukiji. It provides shops and traffic information about Tsukiji by volunteer interpreter. In addition, there are original Tsukiji shops for souvenir, coin lockers and spaces for rest with drink vending machine.
If you travel Tokyo in October, you can enjoy Tsukiji Festival and can experience Japanese culture through it.


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from Wandsworth, London, England
Atmospheric English indie pop group the xx formed in London around the talents of Romy Madley Croft, Oliver Sim, Baria Qureshi, and Jamie Smith, when the bandmembers were still in high school. Captivating and cool, the group cites influences that run the gamut from R&B (Aaliyah and Rihanna) to classic alternative rock (the Cure and the Pixies). Built around the duel vocals of Croft and Sim, the group's signature brand of moody, soulful indie rock first appeared on the public radar in early 2009 with the single "Crystalised," which created a huge buzz among critics and fans alike. The xx released their self-titled debut LP in July of that year in the U.K.; it was released in the U.S. the following month. Late that year, Qureshi was no longer part of the group; the rest of the xx released a statement via NME saying this was due to "personal differences." During 2010, the live dates continued, including spots at several high-profile summer festivals, and in September, their album won Britain's coveted Mercury Prize. Meanwhile, Smith worked with Gil Scott-Heron on the remix album We're New Here (in turn spawning the Drake song "Take Care," which sampled the pair's "I'll Take Care of U"). In mid-2012, a pair of singles, "Angels" and "Chained," heralded the release of the group's second album, Coexist, that September. The following year, the band's song "Together" appeared on the soundtrack to Baz Luhrmann's film adaptation of The Great Gatsby. The xx began working on their third album in 2014, and recorded in locales as varied as Marfa, Texas, London, Reykjavik, and Los Angeles. Jamie xx's solo debut In Colour, which featured contributions from Sim and Croft, arrived in 2015. Late in 2016, the single "On Hold" introduced the more energetic, eclectic direction of I See You, which was released in January 2017. ~ James Christopher Monger, Rovi
Crystalised
iTunes Live from SoHo
Basic Space
The xx - Full Performance (Live on KEXP)
The xx - Islands (Official Video)
The xx - Crystalised (Official Video)
The xx - On Hold (Official Video)
The xx - Intro 1 Hour
The xx - On Hold (Jamie xx Remix)


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Indiana president to announce decision on Knight's future today
Grimly, university trustees trooped out of a meeting yesterday after hearing a report from two members and putting the decision in the hands of school president Myles Brand. Brand met at his campus home in Bloomington with Knight for two hours until midnight Saturday in a session a school spokesman described as "very vigorous." Earlier that day, Knight apologized for the temper tantrums that led to the investigation. Brand called a news conference for 4 p.m. EDT today to announce his decision. Knight was not expected to attend. John D. Walda, president of the nine-member board of trustees and one of the two who investigated the allegations that Knight choked a former player, looked somber as he left the meeting. "The process has been," Walda said, pausing to choose the right word, "productive, and we're just about to conclude it." One of Knight's strongest supporters among the trustees, attorney Stephen Ferguson, did not attend yesterday's 2-hour, 20-minute meeting. He said he recused himself from the discussion because he had negotiated Knight's contract with the university. After hearing the report by Walda and fellow investigator Frederick Eichhorn, the board thrashed through the issues of the choking allegation and the other accusations of abuse by Knight that have cropped up, and came to agreement about what should be done. No vote was taken, university vice president Christopher Simpson said, but the wishes of the board were clear. Now, it's up to Brand. "They certainly gave him advice and their opinions," said Simpson, who attended the meeting. "I think the discussions were candid, they were thorough, and if there was one compelling, underlying message, that is: What is best for Indiana University." Brand's decision, Simpson said, will reflect the sentiments of the trustees and will not require any further meeting with the board. Simpson insisted that "no decision has been reached" yet and that Brand has "a full range of options." The investigation, which began in March after former player Neil Reed accused Knight of choking him in practice three years ago, was expected to last until mid-June. That it ended a month sooner, amid numerous other allegations that Knight physically and verbal abused students, coaches and school officials, suggested to some faculty members that the trustees were bothered by the damage being done to the university. "The reason to stop the investigation is they can't stand the pain anymore," said Murray Sperber, an English professor, author of three books on college sports, and Knight's most vocal critic on campus. "The way to stop the pain is to get him to resign or fire him." Simpson said the investigation, which began in March, was completed yesterday. "It was comprehensive, it was thorough, and it was exhaustive," Simpson said. Simpson said Knight met with Brand on Saturday night in Bloomington, shortly after Knight returned from a fishing trip in the Caribbean. The trustees met amid speculation they would consider asking Knight to resign rather than force a showdown that could lead to his dismissal. Knight has won three national titles, but his temper has fueled one controversy after another since he became coach at Indiana in 1971. His contract gives Brand the power to fire him if such action is recommended by the athletic director. Meeting with the trustees and Brand were J. Terry Clapacs, vice president of administration, and university counsel Dorothy Frapwell. Indiana forward junior Tom Geyer showed up for the meeting but was not allowed to attend. "The players wanted me to come down here and speak for the players," Geyer said. "We also feel the trustees are going to make the right decision in this case. "I didn't expect to get a chance to talk to the trustees. I just wanted to come down and show support for coach." Jared Jeffries, the highly touted Bloomington North High School player who has signed to go to Indiana next year, has indicated he would reconsider his plans if Knight is forced out. "He said he would possibly look at the options and it would be possible he would play this year and then try to transfer, even though he would have to sit out a year," Jeffries' mother, Cecelia, said. "But we're praying this doesn't happen. Also it depends on what some of the other players would do also." She said as far as she knows, Jared has not been in contact with Knight since Knight returned to campus. On Saturday, Knight released a statement in which he apologized for his temper and said he understands the need to be more diplomatic and that he is trying to control his emotions. "I'm not very good at just forgetting something and going on, and I'm truly sorry about that," he said in the statement. He made no mention if he would continue as coach, and he did not apologize for any of the incidents of alleged abuse. Since the investigation began, there have been reports Knight once kicked Brand out of a practice and also showed players a piece of soiled toilet paper as a way of describing their play. More recently, reports surfaced of fights involving Knight and a former assistant coach, the athletic director and the university's sports information director. A secretary in the athletic department last week said an enraged Knight once threw a vase in her direction and more recently stormed into a waiting area, cursed and came toward her in anger before athletic director Clarence Doninger restrained him. Security was tight around the trustees meeting because of expectations of large protests, but only two fans showed up to express their support of Knight. In Bloomington, about 50 miles south of Indianapolis, the streets were quiet and the Indiana campus -- currently between the spring and summer sessions -- was virtually empty. "In the end, no one will be satisfied with the outcome, regardless of what happens," said David Pisoni, a psychology professor. "The president will come out a loser, no matter what he does.
US Volume of Field Crop Seeds Planted to Fall Modestly to 2023
Toobin to Alan Dershowitz: What side are you on?


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Report of the meeting of the SC-02-01 Working Group on Digital audio measurement techniques of the SC-02 Subcommittee on Digital audio, held in Berlin, Germany, 2014-04-28
The meeting was convened by chair T. Kite.
The agenda and the report of the previous meeting, held in New York, 2013-10-18, were approved as written.
Development Projects:
AES-X102 Liaison with IEC TC100 MT 61606
The secretariat will draft a liaison statement to IEC TC100. We expect to offer proposals for updating IEC 61606-3 once the update to AES17 is complete.
AES-X187A: Revision of AES17
Kite reported that the document is very close to completion. Kite and M. Yonge had several remote editorial meetings before the Berlin meeting to achieve this. Note that project AES-X217 (below) has prompted one comparatively minor update.
Before this Berlin meeting, there had been some activity on the reflector regarding the long-standing problem of the confusion of the 'FS' unit in AES17. There have been requests for clarification, particularly of the relationship between the FS unit and peak levels.
The confusion in the field might be expressed as follows: traditional level meters for broadcast and music studios are concerned with quasi-peaks, whereas AES17 uses only rms values. A sine wave can hit 1.0 FS, and that coincides with an instantaneous peak of the maximum code in the representation, but for higher crest factor signals (such as music or speech) an rms level of 1.0 FS implies overload.
Kite described the situation as follows: AES17 defines 1.0 FS to be the rms level of a 997 Hz sine wave whose peak level touches the maximum code in the representation. AES17 defines neither a unit for peak level, nor a means for measuring it. It is unfortunate that a "1.0 FS" digital sine wave (akin to a 1V rms analog sine wave) has a peak level of 1.0 when expressed as a fraction (compared to 1.414 V for analog). From a measurement perspective, it is necessary to scale rms values differently for digital and analog.
The issues with AES17 might be summarized as either: 1. The rms definition is not consistent with the analog domain. 2. There is no peak unit.
Ultimately, what is in question is the definition of FS (clause 3.12 in AES-X187A). J. Woodgate feels that the existing definition is inadequate. He offered to make a proposal for alternative wording. Given the schedule for AES-X187A (see later), this should be done in the next two weeks.
P. Treleaven felt that the definition in 3.12 was correct and consistent, and suggested that Woodgate's suggestion be treated as one of the public comments on the document. Given Woodgate's clear discomfort with the current wording, Kite felt that Woodgate should have an opportunity before public comment to improve on it. The draft was posted to the working group via the reflector on 2014-04-10. Working-group members should comment, if necessary, on the Proposed Task-group Draft (PTD) within two weeks from this report (that is, before 2014-05-16).
AES-X217: Performance standard for archival ADCs
After the New York meeting, Yonge began the work of separating C. Lacinak's document into the methods of measurement, and the performance criteria for those measurements.
A concern expressed in New York was that not all the tests in the AES-X217 proposal were contained in AES17. Kite reported:
1. The crosstalk method given in Lacinak's proposal was similar to the AES17 crosstalk measurement, but carried out at a test signal level of -1 dBFS rather than the -20 dBFS of AES-17. Kite and the group felt that -1 dBFS was better, because crosstalk is inherently a noisy measurement. AES-X187A will be changed to use this stimulus level. Note that this will not change measurement results (other than making them less noisy) because crosstalk is measured as a ratio [and expressed in decibels].
2. Lacinak's proposal has a CMRR measurement. Kite asked whether this was needed in AES-X187A. The group felt that this was the purview of IEC 60268-3, and that AES-X187A should simply refer to that standard.
3. Lacinak's proposal has a measurement of "spurious and aharmonic signals" which drives the EUT with a 997 Hz sine wave and determines the highest tone in the EUT output by using a 32k FFT. Since AES-X187A adds an FFT analyzer to the equipment list, this measurement could potentially be added to it. However Yonge suggested that it would be better to leave this to a future revision of the standard, given the late date and the rather nebulous nature of the measurement.
Liaisons with other groups were discussed in other projects, as reported above.
In New York, Lacinak brought up the issue of errors that occur between the audio inputs and the mass-storage device when using general-purpose computers as digital recorders. The Working Group then decided to explore this problem.
At this meeting the Working Group felt that they were not the right group to address this problem. Whilst audio is obviously involved, loss of data across a network or inside a computer is the purview of computer science. The group therefore proposed to pass on this project.
There was no new business.
The next meeting will be held in conjunction with the AES 137th Convention in Los Angeles, USA, 9 to 12 October 2014.


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Q: text and xml converting problems I have some problem with texts and xml. I'm using Python 3.6.0 :: Anaconda 4.3.1 (x86_64).
I have string x and convert it into xml format.
But the input and output are different. I assume python converts  & lt; into < which I do not want.
Here's how the result looks like:
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
x = '<SCRIPT>g(x) <0</SCRIPT>'
root = ET.fromstring(x)
print('result : ',root.text[5])

and the result is
result :  <

which is showing that & lt; has been changed. I'd like it to be
&

Thank you!!!!

A: If XML has the value <SCRIPT>g(x) <0</SCRIPT> it will lead to parsing error. In order to avoid such errors, The < symbol is replaced with an entity reference <
Similar entity references includes:
<    <   less than
>    >   greater than
&   &   ampersand
'  '   apostrophe
"  "   quotation mark

To get back the entity reference after XML parsing, we can use string replace.
print('result : ',root.text.replace('<','<')[5])
Hope this helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Look through the listings of Member users that have joined Meet Local Single Parents that are associated with Geek. Talking to other singles who have similar interests is a great way to come up with ideas to do once you are dating. Create a Free Account to Meet Someone Tonight!
I'm a single mom of a 2 year old boy. I teach full time and spend most of the rest of my time with my son.


text:
The California Native Plant Society is a statewide nonprofit organization seeking to increase understanding and appreciation of California's native plants and to preserve them in their natural habitat through scientific activities, education, conservation, and restoration.
The San Diego Chapter serves San Diego and Imperial counties. We invite you to come to our meetings and field trips, learn more about the flora of our state, and meet people who share your interest in native plants. You may email direct general questions about native plants or the chapter to info@cnpssd.org.
When you're a CNPS member, you help to preserve and protect California's native plants and places for generations to come. Members receive many benefits including free subscriptions to CNPS publications, access to fun activities, discounts, and more.
"We should try to leave the world a better place than when we entered it. As individuals, we can make a difference, whether it is to probe the secrets of Nature, to clean up the environment and work for peace and social justice, or to nurture the inquisitive, vibrant spirit of the young by being a mentor and a guide."
— Michio Kaku
The mission of the San Diego Chapter of the CNPS is to conserve San Diego and Imperial County native plants and their natural habitats, and to increase everyone's understanding, appreciation, and horticultural use of native plants.
CNPS-San Diego envisions a future where:
• There is successful and continuing conservation of the full diversity of native plants and native vegetation in the San Diego and Imperial County region.
• The San Diego Chapter of the CNPS is recognized as a leader in providing reliable information on California native plants and their conservation.
• Native plants are widely used in home, commercial, and public landscapes as an alternative to water-consuming plants species.
• There is widespread increased public education on the values and aesthetics of native plants and native vegetation in the San Diego and Imperial counties Region.
• Elected officials and agency decision makers are aware of the effects of their actions and on the unique environmental resources in San Diego and Imperial Counties.
Banner photo by Tom Oberbauer


That's why we highly encourage you to eat more vegetables. Of course, you have to stick to low carb vegetables, but there are some great ones to choose from.
And cucumbers are one of them. Cue our keto cucumber salad recipe!
Another great side salad recipe is this keto Waldorf salad.
It's easy to make this recipe. Start by peeling your cucumber. Half the cucumber lengthwise. Then chop it into thin (but not paper-thin) slices. Place into a small bowl.
Next, add mayo and lemon juice.
Mix it all together well, add some ground pepper and salt and serve immediately.
Because cucumber salads are light and refreshing, they're great for summer months or barbecues. They're also perfect as a quick side dish for lunch.
My favorite option is to serve this keto cucumber salad recipe with a frittata for a super fast and easy ketogenic meal. It also goes great with drier meats as the creaminess of this salad helps to add extra fat and moisture to the meat.
If you shred your cucumber more thinly, you could try making your own cucumber coleslaw and use it as a dip for your next party buffet.
To make the creamy cucumber salad, mix together (in a small bowl) the cucumber slices, mayo, and lemon juice. Add salt and pepper to taste.


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Gustavo Eduardo Molina (né le  à La Guaira, État de La Guaira, Venezuela) est un receveur des Ligues mineures et des Ligues majeures de baseball. Il joue 26 matchs dans la Ligue majeure de baseball de 2007 à 2011.

Natif du Venezuela et jouant lui aussi à la position de receveur, Gustavo Molina n'a aucun lien de parenté avec le trio de frères receveurs jouant en Ligues majeures Bengie, José et Yadier Molina, qui eux sont originaires de Porto Rico.

Carrière
Gustavo Molina signe son premier contrat professionnel en 2000 avec les White Sox de Chicago. Il fait ses débuts dans les majeures avec cette équipe le . Dans cette première rencontre, face aux Indians de Cleveland, il obtient son premier point produit au plus haut niveau grâce à un ballon sacrifice. Il réussit son premier coup sûr dans les majeures le 16 mai aux dépens d'un lanceur des Yankees de New York, Chien-Ming Wang. Après un bref passage de dix parties pour Chicago en début de saison 2007, il est retourné aux ligues mineures. Le 30 juillet, les White Sox l'abandonnent au ballottage et il est réclamé par les Orioles de Baltimore, avec qui il fait un séjour de sept parties en fin d'année.

Signé comme agent libre par les Mets de New York en , il passe presque toutes l'année 2008 dans les mineures avec les Zephyrs de la Nouvelle-Orléans, alors club-école des Mets dans la Ligue de la côte du Pacifique. Molina ne dispute que deux parties pour les Mets.

En 2009, il passe toute la saison dans les ligues mineures chez les Chiefs de Syracuse de la Ligue internationale. Les Chiefs sont le club-école de niveau AAA des Nationals de Washington, avec qui Molina a signé un contrat mais qui ne le rappelle jamais dans les majeures.

Le receveur dispute quatre parties avec les Red Sox de Boston en 2010. Il rejoint les Yankees de New York en  et joue en 2011 ses trois derniers matchs dans les majeures avec cette équipe.

En 26 matchs joués au total dans le baseball majeur, Molina compte 6 coups sûrs en 47 présences au bâton (pour une moyenne au bâton de ,128) dont deux doubles, ainsi qu'une récolte de deux points marqués et un point produit.

Notes et références

Liens externes
  Profil de Gustavo Molina sur le site des Ligues majeures de baseball.
  Statistiques de Gustavo Molina sur Baseball-Reference.
  Statistiques de Gustavo Molina en ligues mineures

Naissance en février 1982
Joueur vénézuélien de baseball
Naissance à La Guaira
Joueur des White Sox de Chicago
Joueur des Orioles de Baltimore
Joueur des Mets de New York
Joueur des Red Sox de Boston
Joueur des Yankees de New York
Receveur des ligues majeures de baseball

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Rosa Mena Valenzuela (San Salvador, 13 de septiembre de 1913 - 6 de enero de 2004) fue una pintora salvadoreña. Aunque ella daba como año oficial de su nacimiento 1924, Luis Croquer reveló en 2004 que la fecha real era el 13 de septiembre de 1913.

Biografía
Su madre, Emilia Valenzuela, y su padre, el abogado, compositor de valses y músico, José Mena, le proporcionan un ambiente intelectual y artístico que marcarían su vida. La casa de su abuela materna era frecuentada por artistas como Gianolli, María de Baratta o Angelita Peña en compañía de los cuales aprendió solfeo, piano y canto. Ganó durante varios año el Premio Nacional de Dibujo en el Colegio de Jeunes Filles Jean D´Arc. A la edad de 40 años se inscribe en la Academia del pintor español Valero Lecha

Obra
Su trabajo inicial tiene influencia impresionista, con trabajos como Interior, pero pronto la influencia de su maestro, Valero Lecha, se deja ver en su colección de retratos expresionistas. En los años sesenta viaja a Europa y Oriente Medio gracias a una beca otorgada por el gobierno de Italia y la cual fue tramitada para ella por Salarrué. Esta experiencia tendrá también reflejo en su pintura, que se vuelve más lineal y espiritual con cierto sincretismo religioso que combina con influencias de la caligrafía árabe y cierto estilo paleocristiano. De esta época destaca Recuerdo de Jerusalén cuadro ganador en el Certamen Centroamericano y del Caribe de pintura en 1964 .

Rompe con la pintura de caballete e híbrida el óleo con el grafito, los pasteles, lápices de color, pinturas industriales y hasta maquillaje en sus obras junto a materiales industriales como retazos de telas, pinturas, hilos y papeles como soporte y  para crear collages.

Exposiciones y reconocimientos
A pesar de ser criticada por sus contemporáneos su obra se expuso en Suramérica, Europa y Estados Unidos. En 1995 fue seleccionada por la Unesco para ilustrar la antología de Nicanor Parra. Dos años después viaja a España como Invitada Especial para participar en la inauguración de la muestra itinerante IBEROAMERICA PINTA parte del Proyecto Periolibros. En 2002 la Asamblea Legislativa la nombra "pintora meritísima".

El Museo de Arte de El Salvador (Museo MARTE) tiene la mayor colección de sus obras, con 66 piezas de la artista.

En sus 50 años de carrera artística, la artista inauguró 23 exposiciones, dos de ellas junto a sus alumnos Luis Lazo y Jaime Balseiro. Tras su fallecimiento han sido varias las exposiciones que se han hecho en su honor.  En junio de 2004 el Museo MARTE inaugura la exposición 'Transformaciones, provocaciones y diálogos', un homenaje a la artista. En junio de 2022 se inauguró la exposición «Rosa Mena Valenzuela: el expresionismo psicológico y espiritual» en la Sala de Exposiciones del Aeropuerto Internacional de El Salvador «San Óscar Arnulfo Romero y Galdámez» que muestra 16 obras de la artista prestadas por el Museo MARTE junto a fotografías del estudio y de la casa de la artista.

Referencias

Pintores de El Salvador del siglo XX


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text:
HomeHow much cross-subsidy? Research funding and the British university*
How much cross-subsidy? Research funding and the British university*
November 19, 2017 March 28, 2018 amcrae2014 research funding, value for money
A recent HEPI report exposes the confidence trick that sustains British higher education. Research excellence leads to high international status; this in turn leads to high numbers of international students; and these students underwrite the research. Simple, but maybe not sustainable, especially in the current climate. Indeed an examination of this creaky merry-go-round exposes the risks that face UK universities.
How much is too much?
The report, How much is too much? Cross-subsidies from teaching to research in British universities, by University of Oxford MPhil student Vicky Olive, grabbed headlines for its calculation that international students contribute, on average, £8,000 per year to research funding. The author used Transparent Approach to Costing (TRAC) data (imperfect, yes, but the best information we have) to track income and expenditure, working largely at institutional level. Unsurprisingly, she found that teaching subsidises research. However, it's almost entirely the surplus value from international students, rather than the income from home students, that is responsible for this effect.
The report's fundamental point is about the chronic underfunding of research. Research councils never quite pay full economic costs, and increasingly demand match-funding. Charitable trusts and foundations never even pretend to cover full costs; and, again, they can make some stretching demands before releasing funds. Meanwhile, start-up equipment costs, especially in STEM fields, can be prohibitively expensive for many. In the most recent year that it analysed (2014-15), the report calculates a 'research deficit' across the UK of £3.3 billion, or 37 per cent of research income. It recommends that the government fills this gap.
There is increasingly intense competition for research resources. Successive rounds of the RAE and REF are driving universities to concentrate efforts on greater research productivity. Competition for grants has intensified as success-rates have waned. The growing trend for grants to be targeted in accordance with government policy (e.g. the Global Challenges Research Fund or the Industrial Strategy Research Fund), is prompting universities to reassess their entire operations. Universities are desperate to stay in the business of high-end research, and are stretching themselves to do so.
One of the ironies of this system is that, because research so consistently incurs losses, the financial strains are greatest on the most successful institutions. The concentration of resources at a select number of universities remains a controversial subject, but in fact it's old news. The twenty-four Russell Group universities already win 76% of all available research grant and contract income, and 68% of all Quality-Related funding (determined by the REF). Many of the most costly areas of research are already the de facto preserve of a relatively small group of institutions. And these universities, as a result, become the ones that most desperately need to recruit – and charge, at a premium – international students.
Subsidising the cross
'Cross-subsidy', however, is an interesting idea. Some parts of university operations have always subsidised other parts. Moreover, in any business the tactical movement of resources from one unit to another is considered normal practice. But, as 'How much is too much?' demonstrates, the present circumstances of British higher education are placing practices of cross-subsidy under unprecedented scrutiny.
Critically, age-old tensions between research and teaching are now institutionalised in dual governing agencies: UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), and the Office for Students (OfS). And the latter – with a wisdom that remains unproven – has already swathed itself in the discourse of 'value for money', which impels in turn a radical unpicking of university finances. People need to know, we're told, where every penny of those home fees of £9,250 per year actually goes. Now, as this report reminds us, it is surely only a matter of time before students from our main international markets ask their own questions about 'value for money', and look towards ambitious and cheaper universities at home. I don't expect that countries such as China and India intend to underwrite UK research in the long term.
So there is a lesson here about the underlying tensions of cross-subsidy: the 'how much is too much' question. Elsewhere on Wonkhe, David Morris argues that the report exposes a 'dirty secret' of universities under-valuing teaching. However, I don't think this was ever really a 'secret', nor is it 'dirty' to want one's university to compete in the expensive, noble business of research. There is real value, for everyone, in universities producing world-leading research, as British universities are doing. But there is also value in appreciating the divergent interests of different stakeholders. Trust matters.
I also wonder whether there is a lesson about what Billy Bragg once called "the temptation / To take the precious things we have apart / To see how they work". Britain did a lot to establish the prevailing international model of the university, as an institution in which research and education co-exist, not always easily yet almost always creatively. Across the world this model is flourishing, and attracting heavy state investment. The international league tables which have assumed such prominence in recent years are derided by many, yet their attention to 'reputation' underlines an essentially conservative conception of what a university actually is. That's one reason why, for the time being, British universities do so well in these tables.
So what happens when we take liberties with this model, under-funding research and exploiting the desperation of universities to stay in the game? And what happens when we pick it apart, tracing every incoming pound and every TRAC-hour in the interests of 'value for money'? Maybe that confidence trick I mentioned above, which is fundamentally a story of success, starts to look a bit rickety. Maybe British universities as a result lose some of their reputation for quality in both research and teaching. And maybe we will find that the idea of the university might be easier to pull apart than to put back together.
* Published first by wonkhe.com
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2 thoughts on "How much cross-subsidy? Research funding and the British university*"
telescoper says:
Reblogged this on In the Dark and commented:
This post makes some very important points about how research – especially in the sciences – is so underfunded in UK universities that it can only be sustained by cross-subsidy from teaching income mainly generated from other subjects.
amcrae2014 says: