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The Degree Of Harmfulness Of Video Games For Adolescent Health
The Degree Of Harmfulness Of Video Games For Adolescent Health.
Most teens who challenge video games don't nosedive into unhealthy behaviors, but an "addicted" minority may be more expected to smoke, use drugs, fight or become depressed, a new Yale University investigation suggests. The findings add to the large and often conflicting body of research on the effects of gaming on children, especially its link to aggressive behavior continue reading. However, this study focused on the association of gaming with individual health behaviors, and is one of the first to examine problem gaming.
And "The study suggests that, in and of itself, gaming does not appear to be perilous to kids," said study author Rani Desai, an friend professor of psychiatry and public health at the Yale University School of Medicine. "We found as good as no association between gaming and negative health behaviors, particularly in boys. However, a minuscule but not insignificant proportion of kids find themselves unable to control their gaming visit your url. That's cause for concern because that incapability is associated with a lot of other problem behaviors".
The study was published Nov 15, 2010 in the online number of Pediatrics. Using data from an anonymous survey of more than 4000 public high school students in Connecticut, bewitched from a separate Yale study published in 2008, the Yale team analyzed the extensiveness of teen gaming in general, "problematic gaming," and the health behaviors associated with both.
Problem gaming was characterized as having three primary symptoms: Trying and failing to cut back on play, identification an irresistible urge to play, and experiencing tension that only play could relieve. How many hours teens indeed spent thumbing their game consoles wasn't included in the definition of ungovernable gaming. "Frequency is not a determining factor". While problem gamers may in fact spend more hours at play, the symbol of problem gaming is the inability to resist the impulse.
Half the teens reported playing video games - 76 percent of boys and over 29 percent of girls. Most of them (61 percent) reported gaming less than seven hours a week, while about 11 percent reported spending 20 or more hours a week at play.
Among boys, gaming itself wasn't associated with life-threatening behaviors. In fact, boys who played video games typically reported a higher downgrade average, were significantly less disposed to to smoke, and were more credible to authority that they'd never used alcohol or marijuana, the office found. According to Desai, the fact that gaming in boys was linked to healthier behaviors may degenerate that for boys, it's normal to play video games.
Girl gamers, however, were more tenable than girls who didn't play video games to get into serious fights or carry a weapon to school. "This determination may suggest not that gaming leads to aggression but that more aggressive girls are attracted to gaming". Both varlet and girl gamers were likely to drink caffeinated beverages, including energy drinks, the over found. But girls drank more of them - three or more per day, compared to boys' one to two servings a day.
Most teens who played video games reported none of the symptoms of predicament gaming. However, 5 percent reported all three foremost symptoms. In this paltry minority, boys were more likely to report these symptoms (5,8 percent vs 3 percent in girls), which the boning up associated with a higher risk of smoking, drug use, recess and fighting. "This study shows that, for the vast majority of children, video games are lovely harmless," said Christopher J Ferguson, an assistant professor of clinical and forensic attitude at Texas A&M International University in Laredo.
However, the findings also suggest, "that puzzle gaming may be part of a constellation of unhealthy behaviors," added Ferguson, who has studied the link between video games and aggression. He was nimble-witted to point out, however, that the new study does not show that gaming causes these other problems sexy single older aunty number sylhet bangladesh. Still, "if a youngster can't turn off the games after a reasonable lot of time, isn't doing homework, isn't socializing with other kids - all of that can be signs of a problem that may want to be addressed".
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Running can make you stronger, and help you go farther than you thought possible. For Rachel Cullen, British runner and author of Running for My Life, running became the focal point of her life helping her deal with mental illness throughout. Then, Mark speaks with a friend about the Death Valley Marathon in California. And on a bet with his brother, Phil Troitter ran a half marathon and now, he's running ultra's including the Great Canadian Death Race.


Ambient wall lamp.2 craft wall lamps made with gourds. Designed for custom work, two bedroom lamps carved with a "lauburus" (Vasque country ethnic symbol).
Designed to achieve a natural and unique lighting in a bedroom with rustic style. One was designed with a lauburu that bring his silhouette on the wall, the other, on the contrary, was carved with the negative of the same drawing, achieving an artistic contribution where the two lamps are united, getting unique lamps without maintaining the same drawing. Other designs are based on the lauburu parts, trying not to break the symmetry of the drawing.
The 2 wall light Fixtures used for this work are of golden color that allow its rotation, in order to guide the shadows where desired.
The gourds, maintaining a rustic style in keeping the room they were, are painted in a wood color.
To change bulb has an easily removable cover.


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'We're up for it': Sky exploring its role in net-zero future
Sky's chief executive Jeremy Darroch has claimed that the company is "figuring out" how it can help push the UK to net-zero emissions before the 2050 deadline.
Darroch was speaking at a WWF Where the World Turns event to discuss the role of business in combatting climate change
Sky's chief executive revealed that the company is exploring the role it has in helping the UK reach its net-zero target, and could potentially push to reach that ambition ahead of the Government's timeframe.
"Just as business needs to join the cause of tackling climate change; so, the cause of tackling climate change needs business to join. Because business is really good at making big shifts happen fast," Darroch said at the WWF Where the World Turns event this evening (14 October)
"To deliver net zero we'll need absolute emission reductions, not just in our own operations but in our customers' homes too. We're up for it. 2050 is the UK deadline, but want to get there quicker – we're figuring out how."
Darroch is a WWF ambassador and has worked with the organisation on Sky's successful Rainforest Rescue campaign, and more recently on the Ocean Rescue project, which aims to raise awareness among Sky's 22 million customers of the dangers of plastic pollution.
He led Sky's drive to become the world's first carbon-neutral entertainment company in 2006, and in October 2017 announced that Sky would remove all single-use plastics from its operations, products and supply chain by 2020.
Sky's new ambition, which is still being formalised, will focus on how the company and its suppliers can help decarbonise domestic products and services too.
Thank you for an inspiring evening @WWF_UK at #WhereTheWorldTurns, with thought-provoking speeches from @SteveBackshall, @emilyshuckburgh, and @TanyaMSteele
Read the full speech from Sky's Group Chief Executive, Jeremy Darroch 👉 https://t.co/DI4fidO2SZ pic.twitter.com/Fl3CRScpA8
— Sky Corporate (@SkyCorporate) October 14, 2019
At a national level, the UK has set legislation that will implement the recommendations of the Committee on Climate Change, creating a legally binding net-zero carbon target for 2050.
"The reasons Sky is transforming are not unique to us," Darroch added. "We are changing because of things that are true of any business: our customers want it. Our people want it. And it just makes good business sense. Above all, we are changing because for businesses to succeed in the long term they have to recognise that they are not isolated from the environment; we are profoundly connected to it.
"So, when a business leader is frustrated at the disruption caused by Extinction Rebellion; or they find that extreme weather is making it hard for their business to operate… they shouldn't only look to government to solve the problem. Business survives and thrives because we are all part of a connected ecosystem. And that means it's not just the responsibility of other institutions to tackle climate change. It is our responsibility too. Indeed the future of our businesses and more importantly our planet depend upon it."
Sky has recorded a 55% reduction in carbon intensity and a 39% reduction in business travel emissions. The company sends 0% of waste generated at the facility it owns to landfill and recycles 100% of food waste from its main offices.
Over the last 12 months, the company has also improved fuel efficiency across its fleet by 15%, meaning that six of the 10 environmental targets listed in its Bigger Picture strategy have been achieved ahead of time.
Sky is replacing the main generators at its Osterley campus in the UK and a new Trigeneration plant in Milan, which will help cut an estimated 2,300 tons of carbon every year. The company is also a member of the London Business Climate Leaders Group, which is aiming to create a net-zero capital in the UK.
Outside of its own operations, Sky is engaging with suppliers to help them invest in renewables through CDP's Supply Chain Programme.
Manufacturing partner Zinwell, for example, has installed large-scale solar panels at their site in Shenzhen, China to produce 1.4MW of renewable electricity annually – around 50% of the electricity required by Zinwell to make Sky products. Two other suppliers in China, WNC and Picotronics, are also taking action on renewable energy and efficiency through engagement with Sky.
Launched in 2017, Sky Ocean Ventures was the first non-strategic investment fund with an aim of protecting the marine environment to be founded by a FTSE 100 firm. Sky committed £25m to start the fund and is targeting a further £75m of external investment by 2020.
The first firm to benefit from the fund was Skipping Rocks lab – a start-up which has developed, produced and scaled-up its range of edible alternatives to plastic packaging, made from seaweed proteins. The firm's edible sachets, called Oohos, have since received backing from the likes of Lucozade, Selfridges and Just Eat.
Sky's move to fund such projects builds on the company's commitment to remove all single-use plastics from its global operations, products and supply chains by 2020 – an unprecedented pledge within its sector.
The company has also launched partnerships with the likes of the Premier League, National Geographic and Imperial College London to help its plastics actions reach a wider audience.
| manufacturing | Plastics | renewables | solar | supply chain | low-carbon | net-zero

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In 2014, Jamaica decided to legalize thing of small amounts of marijuana. Exactly the same twelve months, Uruguay took over as the primary land to authorize the cultivation, eating and industry within the plant.essays custom In Portugal, it is really appropriate to own tiny amount of any pharmaceutical. Considering that hard discipline has done minimal to dissuade patients from using drugs, it is right for any open public along with the politics area to participate on your discourse on legalization of lumination drug treatments. This papers will discuss the advantages who have stimulated Jamaica, Uruguay and Portugal to create regulations which can be tolerant to the use of light prescriptions. It will likewise look into the potential adverse benefits of legalizing development and industry of smooth medications.
Advantages of legalizing light drug treatments Cato institution undertaken an investigation that divulged enormous economic and societal important things about legalizing use and deal of gentle medicines. Business economics professor Katherine Waldock on the Nyc University or college, and economics lecturer Jeffery A. Miron of Harvard College or university, determined that legalization of drugs would spend less the tax payer approximately $41.3 billion each year on rates incurred inside the enforcement within the prohibition legal guidelines (Ghosh 2010). They determined that $8.7 billion dollars could be preserved by decriminalizing marijuana by itself.
Creating treatise on these investigations, it happens to be noticeable that legalizing development and commerce of lumination medication would diminish state spending and improve tax profit considerably. The government will will no longer get costs on drug enforcement legislation. Authorities costs will lessen because of lessening on police assets, judicial spending may also minimize as prosecution of pill related instances will probably be taken out, and correctional outlay will get smaller as medicine correlated incarceration will purge. Decriminalization translate to taxation of profit and creation of light-weight medicines, so improving the taxation revenues momentously (Ghosh 2010).
Legalization of buy and sell and manufacturing of gentle medications will greatly reduce drug correlated criminal activity. Because the 12 month period 2006, it is really calculated that 30,000 individuals have been destroyed resulting from the Mexican drug wars, fighting to reign over the market. These damaging cartels have attained essential monopoly within this pill successful market, doing huge amount of money. Legalizing pills would increase police force and clear away the legal markets (Ghosh 2010). Cons of legalizing gentle prescription drugs Legalizing by using gentle medication increases health insurance and cultural questions within the society. Rates will greatly reduce substantially plus the social popularity improves, hence amassing many medical problems. Funds and assets could be allocated to prescription drugs and not very important healthier functions. There can be heightened assault, equally household and also in the roadways, as tablet use is commonly associated with aggressive actions (Esmaili 2006).
Subsequently, legalizing output and apply of delicate prescription drugs would proliferate their access to the children. Government bodies are straggling to constrain admittance of cigarette and alcoholic beverages towards minimal individuals. Legalizing its use makes it readily available towards youthful susceptible people in the neighborhood battling their personal identity, for that reason developing a era of pharmaceutical centered citizens (Esmaili 2006). Legalizing brightness pills will increase the variety of hard medication members. Individuals who use light medications may very well test to the tough medication. Obsessive drags change the user's human brain by transforming the dopamine method with the encourage paths. The medications turn on the encourage circuit inducing a jolt of deep fun. The mind consequently, reimburses on its own by reducing the number of dopamine receptors in the synapse. Due to these modifications, the user's amount of threshold increases in which he/she will require more the next occasion for getting higher, for that reason, prompting the impulse to employ difficult drags (Esmaili 2006).
In summary, by all is important, there is no apparent familiarity with how a lots of benefits assumed would translate towards a attainable sequel. It is far from confident that by fixing the difficulties related to pharmaceutical prohibition by legalizing there use and development will likely not build new enigma which is more complex and more complicated to manage. Legalizing light drags could be absolutely pure futility and preferably the specialists should think about shutting loopholes on battle in opposition to prescription drug mistreatment and fortifying community structures that persuade liability and responsibility.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on April 4, 2014 by benhamkvale.


Fiona Grew is a 3rd year Philosophy and Theology student who writes the BookNook feature for the Culture section. When she's not gulping down coffee in cafe's across the city, she's usually to be found visiting her beloved grandparents in suburbian Edinburgh.
BookNook is a feature in which Fiona Grew shares her favourite spots around Edinburgh to sit and enjoy a good read. Each week she will explore a different location and report on her findings.
It's 9:15 on a Friday morning and I am comfortably seated – Americano on standby, inches from my right hand – in the sprawling, underground space that is the new DHT Café. There is nothing extraordinary about this Café (least of all the quality of the coffee!) and I certainly had not planned to give it the inaugural BookNook mention when I stepped in here yesterday to meet a friend. However, I was immediately struck by the bright, airy and quiet atmosphere. So here I am, back again, to make an early start on work before the celebrations for my flat mate's 22nd birthday begin this afternoon.
This morning I will admit that the quiet of DHT Café probably owes much to the legacy of last night's Twist & Shout. However, I still argue that it is a valuable space because it tows the line between library and coffee shop. Much praise on this score is owed to the sheer variation in seating on offer. From booths to little pouffes, armchairs and the more traditional tables and chairs, there is plenty of space to either curl up with a book or spread your literature out all over the table in front of you and the floor around you.
This latest addition to the campus eateries is more than merely welcomed. For returning students, it's a relief to have a new space that encourages both work and socializing with neither the noise of Teviot nor the tension of the main library. As for Freshers, it is sure to be hit by nature of being the first university café en route from Pollock Halls.
Whilst I solemnly swear to award the BookNook prize to somewhere a little more artisan and off-the-beaten-track next week, I also urge you to take a visit to the cooler, less clinical cousin of the library. DHT café is sure to greet you with arms as open as my copy of Aristotle's 'Nicomachean Ethics' should be.


You've no doubt heard of the television sitcom Seinfeld. We've all at least seen one episode, haven't we?
If you are a Seinfeld fan like myself, you remember the episode where Jerry Seinfeld and George Costanza present NBC Studios their idea for a TV Series. A show about nothing; George pitched the executives.
This reminded me of my recent experience upgrading my trading computers to Windows 10. I was rooting for Windows 10. I painfully had to say no to Windows 8, after there were just too many issues. After two hours of hassle with Windows 10, I would come to realize the net outcome was, essentially, nothing.
Downloading the Windows 10 installer on my computer was fairly fast and simple.
Except for the fact that I couldn't get the upgrade icon to appear in my taskbar. They advertised this pretty heavily during the launch phase, so I assumed this was the easiest way. Instead, I had to go to the Microsoft website and download it.
If your taskbar icon works for you, I suppose it would be that much faster. Either way, this process took me 10 minutes.
At this point, I've got 10 or so minutes logged into this project. I had high hopes for the actual install time. However, my secondary computer (which has an i7 and an SSD) took an hour.
It's not the worst amount of time for an operating system install, but it could be better.
1.5 hours into Windows 10 upgrade now.
I made the mistake of not unplugging all of my USB devices. I should have. DON'T MAKE THIS MISTAKE.
Windows 10 didn't like my USB wireless adapter and caused it to cycle through a boot and crash sequence several times.
I realized what was happening, and switched over to a wired Internet connection. The issue went away. I assume that my wireless USB device just isn't compatible with Windows 10. I'll have to search for a new one or find a resolution.
I recommend only having your mouse and keyboard attached during the upgrade.
Honestly, I don't feel there is one.
Look and feel is pretty good. Thankfully most of the common commands are either in the same place or super easy to find.
The good news is that all of my software seemed to be humming away just fine. I haven't come across any of my existing applications that had issues working within Windows 10 – except my wireless USB adapter.
I spent roughly 2 hours getting both my primary and backup computers upgraded. Minimal issues happened during the update – just the incompatible USB (though there are no guarantees what hurtles you might be presented with during a whole system upgrade).
When it comes to upgrading operating systems, I believe there should be an increase in useful features or a performance boost/enhancement. This is how I qualify if it's worth upgrading.
So far, I don't see that Windows 10 meets these standards. Traders don't NEED to upgrade to Windows 10. It's perfectly fine for a new computer for those that want to be on the newest OS. Otherwise, you shouldn't feel rushed to make this upgrade.
It's ok for you to be entertained by a TV show about nothing. However, as traders, you don't want time invested in an activity or project to equal nothing.


Mention the word 'voucher' or 'deals' in front of a luxury brand and be prepared to face the consequences.
While this wouldn't be expected of anyone with knowledge of this side of the retail industry, we've heard plenty of horror stories from people who have accidentally dropped the 'v-word' into one of their pitches.
In short, there are a few valid reasons why Louis Vuitton and Mulberry do not pair up to flash sales, Black Friday bonanzas and the like.
As an introduction to my background, I had a great view of the scenario by helping luxury brands like Anya Hindmarch, Loake Shoes and Lulu Guinness achieve success with e-commerce on a global scale.
My name is Ryan Kliszat and as co-founder of RevLifter, a deal personalisation solution that works with companies of all backgrounds, I'm afforded an ideal vantage point of the situation concerning luxury brands and incentivisation. We're fresh from winning 'Best Use of Data' at the CJ You Awards for our work with Clarks Shoes USA and our accomplishments have derived from knowing businesses inside out.
In terms of luxury brands, their eschewing of discounts is based on reasons which we'll briefly explore.
When conversing with these groups, one of the biggest talking points is around the incrementality of their promotions, especially among those who feel they can drive sales and customer lifetime value through activities centred around their product and brand.
Some of these groups have also been devalued by open discounting, which has only lowered their customers' perception of value and revised the expectation of price. Suddenly, the brand's vision of short-term gain carries long-term damage.
That perception of value is a key thing to remember here. Only months ago the world was up in arms over Burberry's burning of £28.6 million worth of stock in an effort to prevent it being sold cheaply. Maria Malone, principal lecturer on fashion at Manchester Metropolitan University, attributed the event to a fear over products going to "anyone who can sell them at a discount and devalue the brand".
It's not all doom and gloom, though. Our conversations with luxury brands steer towards a need to personalise each offer - a quality which is equally if not more important than the volume and scale it achieves. These companies operate in an artful way to capture a customer's emotion. Their marketing needs to be surgical, limited and precise to achieve success on strict criteria.
That being said, these brands are under the same pressure as any retailer. They still need to drive sales and that's particularly the case for new entrants to the market. It takes years to develop an audience of loyal customers and controlled incentivisation can help these brands outscore their more prominent, established and respected peers.
RevLifter has used its technology to launch very considered campaigns for a number of luxury brands. Our solution delivers personalised offers, based on a combination of the retailer's goals and the individual on their site, which helps to control the 'what' and 'to whom' regarding each incentive. Think of it as a way of using a customer's on-site signals to understand and predict their value in real time.
One demand we hear frequently is to drive more full-price sales and fewer discounted ones. A way of satisfying this demand is to adjust the criteria of the incentive to encourage the purchase of a low-selling product with one at full price. This can be presented as a bundling opportunity where the retailer's technology makes a suggestion on a possible look (e.g. matching belts with trousers).
We know from Burberry's case that unsold stock represents a headache for luxury brands. However, some good can come from its selling.
Luxury brands don't always match up to the offering of voucher sites, whose promotion of generic codes leaves little in the way of a personal touch.
RevLifter has been working with luxury brands on campaigns that only show an incentive when their goals dictate that one should be offered. For example, if someone is either a new customer or spending above a certain threshold in a specific territory, the technology can issue an on-site incentive when the user comes in contact with it, all in real time.
This also helps the brands that manage complex global agreements - packing in a mixture of franchises, partners and their own channels - who need full control of their promotions to harmonise with each territory or region.
Personalised offers should come in the form of a one-time use code, which controls its circulation while encouraging the purchase. We've trialled delivery by retailer-branded coupon pages, designed with client's input on UX, which target people searching for vouchers on Google.
This also provides a future platform to personalise the customer experience by examining the behavioural patterns of people looking for offers. At the same time, the brand is kept happy by having full control over their one-to-one promotions.
Another initiative we've trialled involves the use of gift cards to generate incentives and create a second basket. In this instance, a VIP customer spending over £200 might receive a £20 gift card, delivered following a cooling off period. That provides an avenue to suggest items related to the previous order both online and in-store, thus keeping the brand on the customer's mind.
Other baskets might qualify for a smaller gift; perhaps a limited-run tote bag or branded gift box.
But let's pause for a second. These retailers invest millions in ensuring their brand can stand up to the vigours of price pressure and competition. Branding exercises help build and foster a community; a solid core of people that have a genuine interest in the products they buy and the companies they buy from.
You could be the biggest brand in the UK but relatively unknown in growth markets like Asia and the Middle East. We've been altering deals which offer more precise targeting on people within specific areas, based on data signals from their on-site behaviour. Again, everything is controlled and designed to be limited.
In a similar vein, brands can use incentives to target customers in the more affluent areas of a city. Opportunities to drive US customers in-store from online are more prevalent in places like Boston, LA and New York, where brands with the makings of a US footprint and multichannel pulling power will search for a specific type of buyer. It's the same for streetwear vendors that want to reach out to urban communities or outdoor sellers tapping into a rural base.
There is a wealth of real-time data on customers who buy luxury items, so when they're on a site or migrate from it, the brand is able to allocate more budget towards their conversions.
We've all heard stories of the special treatment laid on by brands that are trying to attract celebrities; the full-shop closures, the freebies on offer. Well, it's now possible to convert VIPs online via personalised incentives.
There is a whole hoard of data generated in each session that, with the help of machine learning, can predict how valuable a customer is. Using these signals to dynamically inform messaging and offers in real time will stop the best customers from leaving.
Brands can even tailor the in-store message for people using click and collect, which seeks to inform the customer that their business is welcomed.
It's very rare a brand is bought 50% by males and 50% by females, or 20% around each age segment. Through a brand's unique DNA they end up with an audience they're very strong in, and we often hear about a need to shift the targeting due to the brand signalling a new audience direction.
The key is in using offers in a way that attracts more buyers of specific types of clothing. That way, on launching a new kids' range or venturing into male lines, there is justification for tactical incentives.
Should luxury brands offer incentives?
There is no one answer to the question of whether luxury brands should use offers. Some will argue that they don't need the extra push. For others, it's about maintaining the stable, prolonged growth that they're already seeing. They should not be pushed into unnecessary actions.
In speaking to others that want to test new ideas, explore new markets and target specific customers, we encourage them to look at incentivisation as a changing practice. Tools like RevLifter are using the data at their disposal to make it more conscious and considered than ever before.
Through a tactical approach, even luxury retailers can drive the needle for better performance online. Best of all, a brand can treat everyone discreetly one-to-one, because - like the movie stars that buy their bags - the customer is the star of the show.


My name is Gracie Hale and I am from Cottontown, Tennessee. I am a sophomore majoring in Psychology with a minor in Family Studies. I am so excited for the opportunity to go on a mission trip outside of the United States and to see how God is going to use me in participating in what is already present in Ukraine. Thank you for taking part in this journey with me!


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A map of charismatic canid genomic variation
Gene ExpressionBy Razib KhanMay 18, 2011 11:29 AM
The Pith: Wolves and coyotes exhibit geographic population structure. The red wolf may "only" be a coyote with a minor admixture of wolf, instead of a "real species."
I like dogs. For various structural reasons I am not able to live with a dog right now (not to mention the required investment of time & energy). But the whole military dog storyline associated with the killing of Osama Bin Laden has me thinking a bit more deeply of the co-evolutionary nature of dog-human relationships. Whether dogs have theory-of-mind is controversial, but there's no doubt that they're relatively well adapted to operate with humans relatively efficiently as part of a dual-species team. From an evolutionary and genomic perspective dogs are also of interest. Like humans dogs exhibit a huge range of phenotypic variation despite relatively recent common origin. The species which they presumably are derived from, wolves, are intelligent social creatures whose natural range is very expansive indeed. I believe that the general dynamics of evolution and genetics which are operative amongst canids can give us insight into the processes which shape our own species. In part that is due to broad similarities across the two lineages, but in part it is because the story of dogs and the story of humans are not separate, but part of a broader bio-cultural narrative which has played out over the last 50,000 years.
So you better be sure that my eyes lit up when I saw this new paper in Genome Research, A genome-wide perspective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids. It's a huge sample of canids from across the world, surveyed on ~50,000 single nucelotide polymorphisms (at least at locations which are SNPs in domestic dogs). The whole standard panoply of PCA and model free ancestry inference tools which we are familiar with from human genomics is now applied to canids in this paper. First, let's hit the abstract:
High-throughput genotyping technologies developed for model species can potentially increase the resolution of demographic history and ancestry in wild relatives. We use a SNP genotyping microarray developed for the domestic dog to assay variation in over 48K loci in wolf-like species worldwide. Despite the high mobility of these large carnivores, we find distinct hierarchical population units within gray wolves and coyotes that correspond with geographic and ecologic differences among populations. Further, we test controversial theories about the ancestry of the Great Lakes wolf and red wolf using an analysis of haplotype blocks across all 38 canid autosomes. We find that these enigmatic canids are highly admixed varieties derived from gray wolves and coyotes, respectively. This divergent genomic history suggests that they do not have a shared recent ancestry as proposed by previous researchers. Interspecific hybridization, as well as the process of evolutionary divergence, may be responsible for the observed phenotypic distinction of both forms. Such admixture complicates decisions regarding endangered species restoration and protection.
The figure to the left shows the distribution of samples within this study. Though eastern Eurasia seems under-sampled they've got North America and western Eurasia covered. The primary focus is on North American wolves and coyotes, with domestic dogs and Eurasian wolves as outgroups. Part of the reason that this population mix is necessary is that the SNPs are biased toward those which are informative of population structure in dogs, because these markers vary within dogs. The further you get genetically from dogs (e.g., golden jackal) the less informative these SNPs are going to be. Of the North American canids there is a special focus on the Great Lakes wolf and the red wolf, because there have long been debates about the distinctiveness of these two (sub)species, and there's a clear public policy ramification in terms of the Endangered Species Act. Below is a PCA plot which shows the relationship between population clusters along the two largest components of genetic variation in the data. To my surprise the largest dimension separates domestic dogs from all the wild canids:
And to the surprise of the authors, and my own frankly, wolves seem to show a lot of geographically correlated population structure. Look at how cleanly Spanish and Italian wolves separate. The strong distinction between these groups may be a relic of the last Ice Age, when these two peninsular populations were genetically isolated. It's surprising because if there's one things wolves can do, it's disperse. Interestingly the red wolf of the American southeast clusters relatively close to the coyotes! And of the other wolves the Great Lakes wolves are the closest to the coyotes. One thing to remember is that an individual's position in these plots can be informative of population wide genetic relationships, or they can be informative of their particular admixture. To get a handle on these particular details the authors looked at two statistics, linkage disequilibrium and runs-of-homozygosity. To be short about it the latter is the best way to check for inbreeding, while the former can give one clues to recent admixture. The figure below shows the results for selected populations. IRNP = Isle Royal National Park in Lake Superior. This is a very isolated population of wolves.
The IRNP is a classic island population which is inbred. It has elevated LD and ROH. The other populations exhibit a variety of results, but the the Mexican and red wolf also exhibit inbreeding or some sort of population bottleneck, though not nearly as much as the IRNP population. So let's see what structure tells us. The nice little visualization below shows the relationship of various populations as one ascends up the K's of structure. On the far left you have coyotes, and far right you have dogs. You see some natural patterns, dogs leaving first, then coyotes, and then Old World wolves. Observe that the red wolf has a strong affinity with coyotes, followed by the Great Lakes wolves.
These sorts of algorithms must be viewed with caution, but this group cross-checked them with PCA. The alignment is impressive. After this they also did a finer-grained chromosomal analysis of admixture patterns. They observed that the Great Lakes wolves exhibited a rather wide range of variation in the extent of their minor coyote component. Some individuals were nearly 100% wolf, while others were nearly 50% coyote. The red wolf seems to be predominantly coyote, while coyotes themselves have wolf and dog ancestry. Time scales of admixture were inferred to be in the range of centuries to nearly 1,000 years, with the assumption that there were earlier admixture events. This is perhaps problematic.
The ESA protects species, so what gets labeled a species is a matter of great contention.
The red wolf may be a stabilized hybrid of relatively recent vintage (or perhaps more accurately a back-cross to coyotes from a wolf-coyote hybrid population?). The authors also note that that ironically the red wolf as we know it, on the brink of extinction but brought back through proactive captive breeding, may have been selected for the more wolf-like individuals within the population. So the preconception of the researchers may have changed the nature of the species on a genetic and phenotypic level. We're going to get into the thickets really quickly at this rate. I think the big picture is that we shouldn't fetishize purity of lineage. Another interesting implication of the possibility of long term hybridization is that some of the distinctive alleles of extinct American wolf populations may now only be found in coyotes, since this species was much better at surviving human encroachment. And if wolves went extinct tomorrow, we could reconstruct them from what we find within coyotes I'd think. Citation:
Vonholdt BM, Pollinger JP, Earl DA, Knowles JC, Boyko AR, Parker H, Geffen E, Pilot M, Jedrzejewski W, Jedrzejewska B, Sidorovich V, Greco C, Randi E, Musiani M, Kays R, Bustamante CD, Ostrander EA, Novembre J, & Wayne RK (2011). A genome-wide perspective on the evolutionary history of enigmatic wolf-like canids. Genome research PMID: 21566151
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Here are 11 strategies to challenge Trump and his lies. Resistance to the ruling Republican administration is both appropriate and necessary. All who care about the environment, climate change or social justice are called to peacefully and lawfully oppose this government.
Trump is increasingly vulnerable in the wake of his unprecedented unpopularity, the ongoing investigation into his team's collusion with Russia, and his inability to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act.
Trump has publicly lied more than 4 times every day since becoming president (according to a recent Washington Post article he has lied 317 times since becoming president).
Trump may be the chief liar but he is not the only liar in this administration. His adviser Kellyanne Conway is now infamous for spewing a litany of untruths in her efforts to legitimize "alternative facts". Press Secretary Sean Spicer has lied so many times he can give his boss a run for his money.
We cannot allow the cavalcade of deception to become normal. This is not about hating Trump it is about loving America's great democracy. This administration depends on fake news to control the narrative and deceive Americans. Disparaging the press is key to their success as they are vulnerable to fact based news. Trump has given an indication of just how far he will go when he shut down press access earlier this month. Exposing lies is a core part of the mission of fact based news.
Facts are the bedrock of democracy (a point echoed by President Obama in his farewell speech) and essential to upholding the Constitution. It is critical that we refute the false narratives of this president who has become the chief advocate of a post factual world. It is the future of the United States and by extension the future of the free world that hangs in the balance.
There are already efforts underway to combat fake news. Social media platforms including Facebook and Google are working to confront fake news. In November Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg said his company is responding to lies which he referred to as "misinformation". As reported by NPR, some of the ideas being proposed include automatic detection of potentially false stories and easier flagging by users.
Another NPR article outlined some of Zuckerberg's approaches to combating fake news that range from consulting with journalists and fact-checking organizations to disrupting the flow of money to fake news organizations.
"[W]e know people want accurate information," Zuckerberg was quoted as saying. He outlined a variety of steps including better detection, easier reporting, warning labels, assessing the quality of related articles, disrupting fake news economics, and listening to journalists and others.
Wikipedia is the best-known, oldest and most trusted example of an open community. They are self-regulating and yet they seem to get it right most of the time. According to a psmag article, Wikipedia is cultivating an army of fact checkers to battle fake news. Given their decade and a half track record of defending themselves against fake news, they have an approach that may be worth disseminating.
Wikipedia has been combating misinformation with strict vetting guidelines that Wikipedians (active editors in the Wikipedia community) transparently refine and enforce. They have developed very extensive policies for determining what is a reliable source and what is not. Although Wikipedia is far from perfect, they do offer a working example of an information source that has not been contaminated with polarized viewpoints.
With the help of the Wiki Education Foundation, Wikipedia wants to "engender its unique institutional brand of media literacy in every young mind in the country." The idea is to provide a crash course in the site's rigorous research and fact-checking process.
"Generally, we believe that if you give people good information, they can make good decisions, and that comes with trusting the users," says Wikimedia Foundation communications director Juliet Barbara. "Having open, transparent spaces for public discourse is really critical: Behind every Wikipedia article, there's a newsroom in the form of a Talk channel, where editors are discussing current events and bringing different points of view to the table."
Of course people can do their own research and cross reference sources. We can also avoid outlets known to be purveyors of fake news. Simply put, the best way to expose fake news is to step outside your ideological bubble and expose yourself to news that is generated beyond your silo. Here are a few approaches (many of which can be found at Political Murder) that challenge the Trump administration and their lies.
Don't be conned by Trump's game of "divide and conquer"
Common threat from an administration that is hostile to the very notion of freedom of the press.
"[Reporters] can't back up or back down or turn around. We can't get distracted or lose focus or, for that matter, deal in any kind of cowardice, small or large."
Acknowledge the media's special responsibility as part of the checks and balances in our system.
We can all step up and say simply and without equivocation, "a lie, is a lie, is a lie!" Do whatever is in our power to diminish the liar's malignant reach into our society.
Every Republican must be asked: "What will you do to combat the lying from the White House?"
"We will set higher standards for ourselves than ever before. We credit you [Trump] with highlighting serious and widespread distrust in the media across the political spectrum. We have to regain that trust. And we'll do it through accurate, fearless reporting, by acknowledging our errors and abiding by the most stringent ethical standards we set for ourselves. We're going to work together. We now recognize that the challenge of covering you requires that we cooperate and help one another whenever possible (you're going to face a unified front). We're playing the long game. You have forced us to rethink the most fundamental questions about who we are and what we are here for.
Best-case scenario, you're going to be in this job for eight years. We've been around since the founding of the republic, and our role in this great democracy has been ratified and reinforced again and again and again."
4. When Trump/Bannon overreaches, all must call them out. When they lie, all must expose them. When they are treasonous, say so. Loudly. 5. When a Trump family member is in a meeting they should not be in, question it immediately.
9. Media should boycott the White House Correspondents Dinner unless Trump agrees to free & open press.
For a summary of 99 ways to combat Trump click here.


Well, it's pretty easy after spending several days at our annual Christmas Décor Conference last week.
It was a busy time in downtown Dallas. We were able to see the latest Christmas bulbs that are able to be changed to any color you can imagine using a simple smartphone. There were new permanent lighting options that utilize LED bulbs to create an elegant look at night, but almost totally disappear from view during the day. There were 20 foot tall trees with 10,000 individual bulbs. There were toy soldiers, nutcrackers and Santa Claus was even hanging out on a bench, ready to have his picture taken with whoever would sit with him. It was easy to get excited about Christmas coming soon.
For the last 20 seasons we have attended the Christmas Décor conference in the middle of the summer with more than 200 other Christmas Décor franchises. We spend several days in trainings and breakout sessions discussing everything from the newest products to the best practices in safety techniques as well as the best installation practices to provide dazzling displays for our customers.
We believe this investment in training and education is one of the many things that sets us apart from our competition. I challenge you to find another decorating company that invests the time and effort to improve that we do, especially in the middle of the summer.
Besides all the training and education going on, we are busy preparing our schedule for the season. All of our current Christmas Décor customers should have already received a letter a few weeks ago with the ability to prepay for 2016 Décor services and save 7% off of the total cost. But even more importantly the prepayment guarantees that the displays will be installed and ready to light up by Thanksgiving weekend, which by the way is only 15 weeks away!
Our schedule does fill up quickly, so make sure you get your spot reserved soon. As with all of our services, estimates are free. So if you are ready to let a professional take over your lighting responsibilities be sure to give us a call.


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The Expanse showrunner says door is open for more after season 6
"There's definitely more to tell," says Naren Shankar about possible life after Amazon.
dalton-ross image
By Dalton Ross December 21, 2020 at 12:00 PM EST
Show MoreAbout The Expanse
Fans of The Expanse were on the receiving end of both good and bad news in November when it was announced that the science fiction drama series (which is currently in the midst of streaming season 5) had been renewed for a sixth season on Amazon Prime Video. That was the good news. The bad news was the fact that season 6 was going to be the show's last. Vernon Sanders, co-head of television at Amazon Studios, said that season 6 would offer fans "the satisfying conclusion to the series that they deserve." Ah, but is it really the end?
The Expanse, which is based on a book series of the same name by James S.A. Corey (a pen name for authors Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck) has already had a second life after it was canceled by the Syfy channel at the conclusion of season 3. Alcon Television Group, the studio that produces the show, then sold the show to Amazon, who picked up the series for seasons 4 and 5 and then renewed it for what they are billing as a final season 6. But how final is it?
Cast member Dominique Tipper, who plays Belter Naomi Nagata on the show slyly hinted at the possibility of a longer show life on another outlet when she joined castmates Steven Strait and Wes Chatham on EW Live. "Look, this is the end of the TV show on Amazon," said Tipper. "So, we'll just have to see what happens."
EW also spoke with showrunner Naren Shankar and asked the executive producer whether there could be more life for The Expanse in the form of another channel or streaming outlet, much in the same way the show was rescued by Amazon after Syfy moved on from the project. "You know, honestly, that would be more of a question for our studio, for Alcon, says Shankar. "They control the property, but what I will say is that there's definitely more to tell and I'm sure Ty and Daniel would say exactly the same thing. But yeah, that's probably about as much as I can say at this point."
There is indeed more story to tell, but assuming season 6 ends with the events of book 6, that would provide a natural stopping point should the Alcon not find another taker, even though there would be three more books, including a ninth and final entry due in 2021, ready to adapt.
[WARNING: BOOK SPOILER TO FOLLOW. Do not read on if you do not want to know about a big event that happens after book 6 (Babylon's Ashes) in the series.]
Book 7 in the series, Persepolis Rising, takes place after a 30-year time jump from the end of book 6. Obviously, that could provide logistical issues with the current cast. If The Expanse was to faithfully cover the material in books 7 through 9, the actors would need to be "aged up" via either makeup or CGI. Or, the series could take a page from The Crown—which has twice now recast its main characters as the characters get older—and find all new actors to play the Rocinante crew members and others.
For that reason, Amazon's decision to end its participation with the show after season 6 makes some sense in that there is a natural ending point there. That's assuming, however, that is where the creative team decides to end it. We asked Shankar if was safe to assume that season 6 will finish at the same point as book 6. "Look, there's a natural ending at the end of book 6, that both closes this chapter of the show and the big story, but it also leaves the door open for more to come later," answers Shankar. "But yeah, if you know the books, packing the material from books 7, 8, 9 into a season 6 would be like, it'd be 50 episodes long."
While filming on season 6 will not begin until 2021, does Shankar already know exactly what the end of that season, and very possibly the series, will be? "At the end of every season, Ty and Daniel and I will sit down, and we'll start talking about what the plan is going forward," says the showrunner. "And over the years, this show has had so many near-death experiences along the way. It feels like every season. But we've talked about many different versions of how to tell the story. We would be like, 'Well, what if we only go four seasons? What if we get to six seasons?' So we've crafted different versions of this."
It sounds like one of those versions is what fans will see when season 6 wraps up. "One of the versions that we talked about for a number of years was the six-season arc of it," Shankar says. "Would we be able to get to the end if we only got six seasons? Would we be able to do something satisfying at the end? And we all felt that that was absolutely possible. And so I think we're in that mode, that framework. So the answer is basically, yeah, we have talked about that last ending scene and we talked about it for quite some time. And I think what we've got on paper at this point definitely is that thing that we talked about many years ago."
The only question that remains is whether that ending will be to the season, or to the series as a whole.
The Expanse: First look at season 4 concept art
Syfy cancels The Expanse after 3 seasons
The Expanse showrunner previews final season (or is it?)


When you're looking for experienced Ballyboghil tree surgeon, look no further than Good Fellers Tree Services.
We provide a wide range of tree care services to private commercial clients throughout Ballyboghil. With 14 years' experience in arboriculture we possess the tools, skills and expertise needed to provide a first class tree care service. From tree pruning to felling to planting, the team are best-placed to meet your Ballyboghil Tree Surgery needs.
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Good Fellers is a team of expert tree surgeon that have a long history in providing an efficient and cost effective tree surgery service in Ballyboghil.
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Trees can frequently be considered approved however extreme weather condition can take its toll. It is essential to keep trees healthy and try to avoid diseases or weather condition damage.
Concentrate on the zone around a tree as much as where the branches extend. Roots can extend beyond this zone however this is the location where roots are more sensitive. The secret is to make sure that the soil is not too compact so that roots can keep absorbing water and oxygen.
Think about the bark as an armour that secures the tree. Safeguarding the tree bark will prevent infections, diseases or insect activity. Keep an eye out for possible threats that might damage tree bark, consisting of:.
Vehicles: trees near roads or driveways can suffer hits from high vehicles. Remove lower branches to prevent breakage and make sure trees are visible at night.
Lawn sprinklers: a spray of water that over and over again hits bark at the same location can cause damage. If you utilize sprinklers to water your lawn, ensure these do not directly hit trees.
Yard devices: don; t get yard devices near the tree trunks as this can trigger major damage to the bark.
Trees usually prosper well in existing moisture conditions and do not require any extra watering. Nevertheless, depending upon your local climate, you may have to water your trees during extended periods of dry spell. If you do have to water trees in the summertime, an occasional deep watering is chosen to a regular misting. In winter trees should not require any watering.
We've previously written about pruning trees as it's an important part of tree maintenance. It's something you can do yourself if you know exactly what you are doing, otherwise you can constantly hire an expert. The main points to look out for are:.
Low branches: eliminate branches that are low and are vulnerable to damage (i.e. by an impact). You can also get rid of low branches for visual functions.
Plant yard or some type of ground cover. Dead plant product will decay in the ground and enrich the soil. Make certain your plants can grow in the shade and that their roots do not compete with the tree.
As gardening experts, Goodfellers Gardeners can ensure that you and your garden are always treated to the highest standard of gardening services in Ballyboghil, Fingal.


We are looking for a creative editors and enthusiastic interns who want to program and create fun and engaging content for our Blog, Newsletter, Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, Twitter and YouTube. You should have a solid understanding of and, more important, passion for social media. You'll be scouring social media for buzzy stories/trends, rethinking new ways to tell stories socially, and packaging them up into must-share posts. You will be responsible for populating NUDA's primary social channels with unique and shareable content. An interest in the plant based lifestyle is a must! As well as an interest in all types of content -- News/Finance, Sports, Entertainment and Lifestyle -- with a plant based spin is a must.
We Deliver via @UberEats. Download the app today and receive $10 off your 1st order with the coupon code above get NUDA's 100% Organic Plant Based Fine Foods, Juices & Smoothies delivered to your doorstep!
What Are Essential Oils? Come Learn Tonight! 3/6 Monday 7-8:30pm at NUDA (407 W 6th St, San Pedro, CA 90731) ~ Essential Oils are substances created inside aromatic plants, the plant parts, such as seeds, stems, leaves, petals, roots, fruit, etc. are distilled down to volatile liquids, and are used for alternative care, as essential oils embody the regenerating, protective and immune-strengthening properties of the plants. Diffusing citrus oils are considered to be mood boosting!


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Story 1 – Getting It All Together
Start reading from the first scene in this story
Buy the Book Here!
DeFrantis, a rogue with shadow magical powers, lives in Wynne, on the streets of the sprawling city of Twynne Rivers. She's kind-hearted, and a little bit timid, but she's also learned a few tricks along the way, like how to use shadow powers to hide in the alleys at night. She really cares about all the children that have gathered around her and her friends, and she helps the whole group survive.
One rainy night she tries to steal some chickens for everyone, but is surprised by the innkeeper. She tries to use her magic to sneak away, but she is caught, then arrested by the city guard. While locked in a cell under the guard tower, she meets Antonerri, another prisoner who has been charged with heresy. Their cells are dark and the air is thick with the smoke of burning mage's bane, an herb that suppresses magical powers.
Antonerri's dream had always been to become a knight for the Church of Three Lights. One day, as a soldier in the Church Guard, he had been ordered to punish a peasant who wouldn't pay his tithes. When he refused, he was beaten, arrested, and thrown in a cell in the guard tower.
While in jail, a priest of the church attempts to torture a confession from DeFrantis, but Antonerri takes the brunt of the punishment instead. When she steals the key from the jailer, she shows it to Antonerri, and they plan an escape.
In another part of the city, Thissraelle, a naive young high elven girl, daughter of the master of the city's Wizard's Guild, decides she wants to escape her life and explore the city. Intending to magically fly from her tower in the guild hall, she finds a magical trap her father had set (he'd used a magical gem called an 'oculus') to keep her in her room. She uses her magic to temporarily diffuse it and flies away into the rainy night.
Granthurg and his boss, Rinkmorr, are giants that had been driving a cargo barge up and down the Wynne Rivers together for several years. A few nights before, as they had approached the city of Twynne Rivers, a pair of river pirates had attacked them. Granthurg had been hurt, but the thieves were repelled. Rinkmorr had healed Granthurg as they continued on to the city.
The next morning Thissraelle is attacked by ruffians on a street on the RiverFront and has to use her light and mental powers to defend herself. Granthurg sees her struggling, helps her with his warhammer, and they quickly become friends. Thissraelle is surprised to find that Granthurg is very studious and loves history and collecting maps .
Karendle is a half-dwarven girl with a bit of a bad attitude. She is in Twynne Rivers for the first time and desperately wants to become a wizard. Unfortunately, the Wizard's Guild had refused to allow her admittance. She had caused a scene in front of the guild hall, and was forced to leave.
That evening, while she is trying to find lodging, she is approached by two men who hire her to capture wizards (there is a growing distrust of wizards and mages in Twynne Rivers). They show her how she can use oculus gems to use magic and to trap people inside them. She immediately remembers hearing of a shadow mage who had attempted to rob some chickens the night before, and decides to go after her first.
That night, Thissraelle's father sends Eddiwarth and another young student wizard to try to bring Thissraelle home. Eddiwarth is a playful, energetic man, a half-elf, and has a hard time taking anything seriously. He doesn't know Thissraelle, but he sees this assignment as a chance for adventure.
Also that night, DeFrantis and Antonerri escape, but are chased by Karendle, who uses her oculus to throw a magical blast at them.
The next day, DeFrantis finds that the children she had been sheltering have been sold off into slavery while she was gone. She is frantic, and swears that she must find them. She and Antonerri book passage on Granthurg's barge to go upriver to look for them, meeting Thissraelle, who also wants to travel west to get to the Emberfire Mountains.
Rinkmorr tells Granthurg that there is something on the boat that some of his enemies want. Rinkmorr tells Granthurg that he needs to sail the barge along the northern branch of theWynn River and wait for him to catch up. Some ruffians attack the boat to get this item at the same time that Eddiwarth and his companion attempt to capture Thissraelle. Granthurg, Thissraelle, DeFrantis, and Antonerri all fight to defend themselves. Karendle surprises them all by joining in, capturing Eddiwarth by entrapping him in one of the oculi. They all float the barge west, upriver, to escape.
Meanwhile, hidden in the western mountains, Kirraxal rests. He is a dark dragon with shadow powers, and wants to restore the ancient reign of the Dragon Kings. He tells his servant, A conniving young human named Tonklyn, to bring him food, and he's tired of old cattle. He asks to be fed human children.
Jump to Story 2's synopsis here!


Friend of planet5D, Michelle Ganter (@loonachic on twitter) submitted her new Canon EOS 5D Mark II video and we think it's the bees knees!
a man and his dog from Loonachic on Vimeo.
I had some video, but nothing to go with it so I asked my husband Mark to write a story for the scene. This is it.
I will love this forever because I will always have the sound of my husbands voice telling me a great story.
hopefully some day i can get something that makes the audio sound more professional, but for now, this will do.
It is a simple video with a wonderful story behind it. We hope you enjoy it as much as we did.


There are various ways of submitting an application in spark. In Addition to client and cluster modes of execution there is also a local mode of submitting a spark job. We must understand these modes of execution before we start running our job. Before we jump into it we need to recall few important things which learnt in the previous lesson click Introduction to Apache Spark to know more.
Spark is a Scheduling Monitoring and Distribution engine i.e. Spark is not only a processing engine it can also acts as a resource manager for the job submitted to it. Spark can run by itself(Standalone) using its own cluster manager and can run also on top of other cluster/resource managers.
How Spark supports different Cluster Managers and Why?
This is made possible with the help of SparkContext object which is in the main driver program of spark. SparkContext object can connect to several types of cluster managers enabling Spark to run on top of other cluster manager frameworks like Yarn or Mesos. It is this object which coordinates between the independently executing parallel threads of the cluster.
Local mode is pseudo-cluster mode generally used for testing and demonstration. In local mode it runs all the execution component in a single node.
In Standalone mode the default Cluster manager provided in the official distribution of Apache spark is used for resource and cluster management of Spark Jobs. It has standalone Master for resource Management and Standalone worker for the task.
Standalone mode doesn't mean a single node Spark deployment. It is also a cluster deployment of Spark, the only thing to understand here is the cluster will be managed by Spark itself in Standalone mode.
Apache Spark can also run on other Cluster managers like Yarn, Mesos or Kubernates. However, the most used cluster manager for Spark in Industry is Yarn because of good compatibility with HDFS and other benefits it brings like data locality.
The command used to submit a spark job in Standalone and other cluster mode is same.
For Python applications, in place of a JAR we need to simply pass our .py file as <application-jar>, and add Python dependencies like modules, .zip, .egg or .py files in --py-files.
How to submit a Spark job on Standalone Cluster vs Cluster managed by other cluster managers?
Answer to the above question is very simple. You need to use the "--master" option show in the above spark submit command and pass the master url of the cluster e.g.
We talked enough about the Cluster deployment mode, now we need to understand the application "--deploy-mode" . The above deployment modes which we discussed so far is Cluster Deployment mode and is different from the "--deploy-mode" mentioned in spark-submit command(table 1) . --deploy-mode is the application(or driver) deploy mode which tells how to run the job in cluster(as already mentioned cluster can be a standalone, a yarn or Mesos). For an application(spark job) to run on cluster there are two --deploy-modes, one is client and other is cluster mode.
Cluster: - When the driver runs inside the cluster then it is cluster deploy mode. In this case Resource Manager or Master decides which node the driver will run.
Client: - In Client mode the driver runs in the machine where the job is submitted.
"How to submit a job in Cluster or Client mode and which is better?"
In the above spark submit command just pass "--deploy-mode client" for client mode and "--deploy-mode cluster" for cluster mode.
Unlike Cluster mode in client mode if the client machine is disconnected then the job will fail. Client mode is good if you want to work on spark interactively, also if you don't want to eat up any resource from your cluster for the driver daemon then you should go for client mode. When dealing with huge data set and calling action on RDDs or Dfs you need to make sure you have sufficient resources available on Client. So it's not like the cluster or client mode is better than the other. You can choose any deploy mode for your application, it depends on what suits your requirement.
Driver runs in the machine where the job is submitted.
After submitting the job client can disconnect.
Can be used to work with spark in an interactive manner. Performing action on RDD or DataFrame(like count) and capturing them in logs becomes easy.
Cannot be used to work with spark in an interactive manner.
Jars can be accessed from Client machine.
Since the driver runs on a different machine than the client, so the jars present in local machine won't work. Those jars should be made available to all nodes either by placing them on each node or mention them in --jars or as –py-files during spark-submit.
Spark driver does not run on the YARN cluster only executor runs inside YARN cluster.
Spark driver and executor both runs on the YARN cluster.
The local dir used by driver is spark.local.dir and for executor it is YARN config yarn.nodemanager.local-dirs.


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Sumpter Mills Clarke (October 18, 1897 – March 16, 1962) was a Major League Baseball outfielder for the Chicago Cubs and the Cleveland Indians from 1920 to 1924.

Clarke was suspended from playing baseball in August 1921; he got into a fight with the manager of the Birmingham minor league team on August 29, 1921 over a missed ground ball. While fellow Birmingham player Pie Traynor was called up to Bigs to help Pittsburgh with their run for the National League pennant, Clarke would sit out the remainder of the season.

References

External links

1897 births
1962 deaths
Chicago Cubs players
Cleveland Indians players
Major League Baseball outfielders
The Citadel Bulldogs baseball players
Baseball players from Savannah, Georgia
Minor league baseball managers
Baltimore Orioles (IL) players
Brantford Red Sox players
Birmingham Barons players
New Orleans Pelicans (baseball) players
Atlanta Crackers players
Albany Nuts players
Springfield Buckeyes players
Springfield Chicks players

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Sport Briefs
Olympic committee unveils new PyeongChang posters
Korean organizers for the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Games on Tuesday unveiled the official promotional posters for the Olympics and Paralympics.
The organizers introduced three posters each for the Olympic Games and the Paralympic Games next year. They added that the posters for Korea's first ever Winter Games will be distributed to 2,000 government organizations, schools, train stations and sports facilities nationwide.
The organizers said they are working on art posters for the Olympics and the Paralympics along with the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism and the Korea Craft & Design Foundation. The selected art posters will be announced later this month, and the National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Seoul will host an exhibition of the posters in November.
Meanwhile, with the Olympic Games just 150 days away, the organizers also unveiled a promotional video earlier in the day, featuring Korean President Moon Jae-in and former figure skater Kim Yuna, both honorary ambassadors for the multi-sport event.
Taekwondo makes people fonder of Korea: study
Foreigners have become fonder of Korea after learning the Korean martial art taekwondo, a local poll showed Tuesday.
According to the survey by the World Taekwondo Peace Corps Foundation, 11.7 percent of 1,750 foreign nationals learning the sport said their positive feelings toward Korea have increased.
The survey was conducted on foreigners from 19 countries learning the martial art, including Russia, Fiji, Cambodia, Sweden, Bangladesh and Tanzania.
Nearly half of the respondents also said they have "very good" feelings towards Korea in general, with 95 percent of them saying they would like to visit the country someday.
Hyundai Motor pulls out as sponsor for CLPGA Open
Korean automaker Hyundai Motor will not sponsor a Chinese golf event this year, officials in Seoul said Tuesday, amid an escalating diplomatic row over the deployment of an advanced U.S. missile defense system in Korea.
An official with Hyundai said that the automaker's Chinese unit Beijing Hyundai Motor - a joint venture between Hyundai Motor and BAIC Motor established in 2002 - will not be the title sponsor for the Chinese Ladies Open on the China LPGA Tour.
The biggest event from the China Ladies Professional Golfers' Association (CLPGA) has been called the Hyundai China Ladies Open since 2010 after the automaker signed a sponsorship deal. The event, co-sanctioned by the Korea Ladies Professional Golf Association (KLPGA) since 2006, has been held in December.
The national championship of China has been also one of the popular tournaments for Koreans. The event's previous winners include current world No. 1 Ryu So-yeon, 11-time LPGA Tour winner Shin Ji-yai and the reigning U.S. Women's Open champion Park Sung-hyun. Three-time LPGA Tour winner Kim Hyo-joo won the Hyundai China Ladies Open in 2012, 2014 and 2016.
Hyundai said it will pull out from the Chinese event because its title sponsorship deal has expired, emphasizing it has nothing to do with issues surrounding the Thaad missile defense system. But the local golf community suspects that the automaker's decision is related to the situations in China.
"[Hyundai] didn't tell us why it's not going to sponsor the event," an official with the KLPGA said. "We just think Hyundai's declining sales in China have something to do with this problem."
In the January-July period, Hyundai sold 351,292 vehicles in China, down 41 percent from 592,785 units a year earlier. Some industry observers claimed the slump came as Chinese consumers opted to buy fewer Korean vehicles in protest against Thaad, which they see as running counter to their security interests.


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The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance is a non-fiction book by Ron Chernow, published in 1990. It traces the history of four generations of the J.P. Morgan financial empire, on both sides of the Atlantic, from its obscure beginnings in Victorian London to the crash of 1987.

The reviewer for The New York Times Book Review said, "As a portrait of finance, politics and the world of avarice and ambition on Wall Street, the book has the movement and tension of an epic novel. It is, quite simply, a tour de force."

Chernow later completed a history of the German-Jewish Warburg banking family (The Warburgs, 1993) and a collection of the essays on "the decline and fall of the great financial dynasties" (The Death of the Banker, 1997).

Awards
The book won the 1990 U.S. National Book Award for Nonfiction.

References

1990 non-fiction books
Books about economic history
Books by Ron Chernow
National Book Award for Nonfiction winning works
Atlantic Monthly Press books


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Home » » How pros make hits: Magic | Coldplay
How pros make hits: Magic | Coldplay
Studio expert Tom Frampton deconstructs Coldplay's huge 2016 smash...
This blog post is a chapter from 'How Pros Make Hits' by Tom Frampton, posted with permission.
The internationally renowned band Coldplay have had an undeniably successful career.
Record sales of over 100 million make them one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Their seven Grammy Awards, 29 Grammy nominations, nine Brit Awards, seven MTV Europe Music Awards and various other accolades have acknowledged their incredible input into the music industry since the nineties.
The lead single from their 2016 album 'Ghost Stories' is a unique song and production called 'Magic'. 'Magic' is a textbook display of world-class songwriting and production. Whether you're a Coldplay fan or not, this is a song that you can reference for great tonal balance, dynamics and exciting use of spatial effects.
Changing the space
When talking to Universal Audio about his involvement in Coldplay's production process, mixing engineer Rik Simpson said this:
I find that recording a room, and making you feel that you're actually in the room is much more important than just recording a dry mic and a close sound."
'Magic' gives the audience an interesting sense of space. It's an immersive listening experience where the perception of space differs drastically between individual instruments. The first verse uses very short, subtle spatial effects on the vocals and makes the listener feel like they're in the room with Coldplay singer Chris Martin.
When the piano enters at bar 17, it has an incredibly dreamy reverb and echo effect which completely juxtaposes the sense of space that had been established in the first 16 bars. This space becomes even larger later in the track during the guitar solo which has a more prolonged and prominent reverb effect.
Giving the different elements in your mix different amounts of spatial effects gives a surprising lift to a production.
Starting with a drier sound and gradually introducing longer reverb tails can also give your listener a sense that the space is growing and getting larger.
Stereo spread
During the first half of the first verse, the production is focused in mono with a hint of snare width, and a touch of short vocal effects heard wide in the mix. If you monitor the mix and switch between stereo and mono, you will hear almost no tonal difference. This sets up a centrally focused frame of reference for the listener.
Note: You can use LEVELS and hit the 'S' button near the top of the interface to solo the 'sides' of a mix. You can then use the filter to isolate what is being heard (or not being heard in this case) in different parts of the stereo field.
During the busiest part of the track, more instruments are introduced and are placed wider in the stereo field. The almost mono introduction set the listener's frame of reference, so when wider channels enter the mix, it has a dramatic effect. Had the mix been wide from the start, there would be no width differentiation between the sections, which may have lead to a less exciting listening experience.
Dealing with phase
When working with recording audio, one of the most important things to address is phase cancellation. This happens when the peak of one signal combines with the valley of another signal, and they cancel each other out, resulting in a weak sound.
As we can see from EXPOSE below, there are no points in 'Magic' where the phase will cause cancellation. The correlation line between -1 and +1 is a heat map of the phase of the entire track. It shows the degree of similarity between the left and right channels. A reading near +1 indicates a well-balanced mix in phase. If the pointer hovers passed the central point towards -1 it indicates that the mix has phase issues.
If you find phase issues creeping into your own productions, an effective way to reduce them while recording is to use the 3:1 rule. Place the second mic three times the distance from the first mic that the first mic is from the source. So, if your first mic is 10 cm for the source of the audio, the second mic should 30cm away from the first mic. If you're at the mixing stage and can't rerecord, you can try a phase alignment tool. Alternatively, you can try just nudging the audio a few milliseconds forward or back. Even a small adjustment might have incredibly positive effects on the phase of your mix. Do this while listening in mono through one speaker and listen for the sweet spot where the audio stops phasing.
• Starting with a drier sound and gradually introducing wetter channels with longer reverb tails can give your listener a sense that the space is growing and getting more significant.
• Starting the track with a mono frame of reference can make it more dramatic when wider elements are introduced.
• Phase cancellation can make your audio sound weak. Use the 3:1 Rule when recording audio to make sure your recording sound rich and full.
Want to see more songs decoded?
This blog post is one of 40 chapters in 'How Pros Make Hits', an eBook created by Mastering The Mix. Music surrounds us. It's everywhere. Your music has the potential to connect with millions of people. Don't produce another second of music without first learning how these pros did it to give yourself the best chance of success.
Tom Frampton is the brains behind Mastering the Mix, an audio plugin company offering a range of mastering tools. ICMP students can not only use the tools in our production rooms and tech suites but access a complimentary one year licence to the Expose tool and take advantage of 25 percent off the full range of plugins, simply by using their ICMP email account for sign-up.
Learn the art of Music Production at ICMP London
If you're interested in developing your music production skills, learning from our regular industry guests and collaborating within the vibrant ICMP creative community, then speak to our Admissions Team. They're on hand to help you find the right course that matches your ability and aspirations.
Contact the team on 020 7328 0222 or via email enquiries@icmp.ac.uk and start your music career today.
Music Production courses
by Tom Frampton


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Q: Estimate remaining time to failure based only on average time to failure Suppose a random variable X representing time to failure. I don't know its pdf and only know its E[X]. How can I derive E[ X | X > t], i.e. average remaining time to failure? If it is impossible to do so without knowing its pdf, is it possible to come up with a decent estimate based on the knowledge of E[X] only. Human life expectancy is a concrete example of this problem. Given that the life expectancy = 75, is it possible to get a decent estimate for how much longer a person aged 80 can live?
A graph below is plotted on the data points sampled from X. It shows the shape of X density function. It always is left skewed and have a right long tail.

A: I feel like I might need more detail, but I going to make some assumptions here. If they are wrong please correct me and I will change my answer or delete it so I do not confuse anybody.
When you say "shape of X", I assume you mean it is a density function. Therefore, you should first create an empirical survival function for the purpose of my explanation. Please note that there are many ways to approach this. I am trying to offer a very straight forward way of doing it.
To create the survival curve, calculate 1 minus the empirical cumulative distribution function. Then you should have a graph (assuming no censoring) that starts at $S(0)=1$ and goes to $S(\infty)=0$ and is monotonically decreasing as "t" gets large.
So generally speaking the integral of the survival function is the actual mean survival time of the distribution. Therefore I would write out the conditional mean as follows:
$$E(T|T>t) = \int_{t}^{\infty} \frac{S(x)}{S(t)} dx $$
where $S(t) = P(T > t)$ is the unconditional survival curve. So just take the graph above and apply a numerical integration function to it from any "t" to $\infty$ (or pick a really large number as the integral's upper bound instead of using infinity) and divide this integral by the survival curve's value at "t" (i.e. S(t)).
Then store this value in a vector for each value of "t" and loop over as many values of "t" that you want and you have a nice graph of the conditional mean for every value of "t". If you wanted just an expected value for a single "t", then you are all set. Good luck!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Joshua: All Photos
Judges: All Photos
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Esther: All Photos
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Daniel: All Photos
Matthew: All Photos
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Luke: All Photos
John: All Photos
Acts 1-12
Acts: All Photos
Romans: All Photos
1 Corinthians: All Photos
Galatians: All Photos
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Colossians, Philemon
Colossians and Philemon: All Photos
1-2 Thessalonians
1 & 2 Thessalonians: All Photos
1-2 Timothy, Titus
1 & 2 Timothy, Titus: All Photos
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James: All Photos
1 & 2 Peter, Jude
1 & 2 Peter, Jude: All Photos
1, 2, & 3 John
1, 2, & 3 John: All Photos
Colossians and Philemon
Babylon's Ruin
Unclean Birds
She has become . . . a haunt for every unclean and detestable bird (Revelation 18:2).
Inhabitation by birds, sometimes with other animals, expresses desolation of a city in various prophetic texts, such as Isaiah 13:21, 34:11, and Zephaniah 2:14. Notably the birds mentioned in these texts, such as the owl, are unclean according to Leviticus. This picture shows an eagle owl, an unclean bird, at the Yotvata Haibar Nature Reserve.
Merchant Ships
And the merchants of the earth became rich from her sensuality and excess (Revelation 18:3).
This statement indicates a high level of commercial activity that enriches many. In the 1st century, much of the most lucrative commerce was associated with trade by sea, and both staples and luxury goods were transported throughout the Mediterranean basin and even into the Atlantic Ocean. This relief depicts a merchant ship on a funerary relief from Narbonne.
In the cup which she mixed, mix for her double (Revelation 18:6).
This ornate Roman silver wine cup from the 1st century AD features a scene from the story of Ulysses. When John's audience pictured a wealthy woman drinking from a cup, they might have thought of something like this. This cup was photographed at the Getty Villa in southern California.
Wealthy Woman
She who was . . . adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls (Revelation 18:16).
The woman portrayed on this Romano-Egyptian mummy portrait is clothed in purple and wears jewelry made of gold, emeralds, and pearls. This painting was created circa AD 100 and photographed at the Getty Villa in southern California.
For all the nations were deceived by your sorcery (Revelation 18:23).
The word "sorcery" (Gk. pharmakeia) is a broad term that could include a rather large range of ideas, from noxious drugs to healing potions to incantations or enchantments. The context here seems to suggest the idea of witchcraft or psychic activity (cf. Gal 5:20). This mosaic by the mosaicist Dioscurides of Samos depicts a comedy scene in which two women consult a witch. The fact that it is from a comedy scene is evident from the fact that the players wear masks with exaggerated features. This fresco comes from the Villa of Cicero at Pompeii and was photographed at the Naples Archaeological Museum.
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American Indian education has an important place in U.S. education, and grant makers can form lasting relationships with indigenous communities that will have a broad impact on both Native education and education in the U.S. as a whole. These relationships can yield transformational change in Indian communities and can be rewarding for grant makers as they see the results of their efforts and investments on this underserved group. American Indians have some of the lowest educational attainment rates of any ethnic group in the United States. Not coincidentally, one in four American Indians live below the poverty line, and reservation communities are among the poorest in the nation. Across all levels of education, Native people still struggle to access and succeed in education. Despite these facts, there is hope. A new era of self-determination in Indian education and growing partnerships with the philanthropic community have yielded tremendous breakthroughs in recent years.


European Union leaders agreed on Thursday to grant British Prime Minister Theresa May a new Brexit deadline of Oct. 31, diplomats told Reuters after French President Emmanuel Macron opposed summit efforts to give her another year.
Summit chair Donald Tusk tweeted that an extension had been agreed upon but gave no details as he went to brief May on the outcome and seek her necessary agreement to the deal.
But Macron's push for a June Brexit, and strong opposition to other leaders' preference for a much longer extension that might increase the chances of Britain changing its mind to stay in the bloc, meant the meeting ended up with the October compromise.
In order to continue as an EU member beyond June 1, May has agreed to organize British elections to the European Parliament on May 23, though it is still unclear if that vote will go ahead and how far it might turn into a virtual second referendum on EU membership that some hope could mean a British cancellation of Brexit.
Other leaders had all but ruled out pitching Britain, and parts of the EU economy, into chaos on Friday. But a drive by Macron to keep London on a tight leash with an extension no longer than to June saw the emergency summit bogged down in late-night wrangling as German Chancellor Angela Merkel and others argued the merits of granting up to a year.
As at a summit last month that put back Brexit for two weeks, several EU diplomats said May failed to persuade her peers that she could definitely break the paralysis of repeated failures to ratify the treaty within the coming months.
"Nothing can be taken for granted," the French president warned.
French officials said the EU faced "blackmail" by hard-line pro-Brexit potential successors to May, such as Boris Johnson. The thinking was that they might try to sabotage decision-making, so any longer EU membership must come with tighter commitments from Britain to play fair than were so far drafted into a summit accord.
Her EU peers, however, are skeptical about her ability to break the deadlock soon and discussed a proposal by Tusk of a "flextension" of nine months to a year. This, some argued, could increase pressure on May's pro-Brexit critics to back her deal rather than risk Brexit fizzling out.


Lance Batenhorst Kindler is such a CHOON! My all time Fav from Mershak Favorite track: Mershak - Kindler [ENC012].
Mershak steps back up to the plate with his 2nd offering under the ENC banner.
This e.p much like the first shows the producers skill and versatility.
Monstrous tracks from beginning to end. Heavily percussive driven and sure to leave any a system shaking and rattling.


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Brachionopus robustus est une espèce d'araignées mygalomorphes de la famille des Theraphosidae.

Distribution
Cette espèce est endémique d'Afrique du Sud. Elle se rencontre au KwaZulu-Natal et au Cap-Oriental.

Description
La femelle holotype mesure .

Publication originale
 Pocock, 1897 : On the spiders of the suborder Mygalomorphae from the Ethiopian Region, contained in the collection of the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Theraphosidae
Espèce d'araignées (nom scientifique)
Faune endémique d'Afrique du Sud


Graphic Designer. Graduate of ELISAVA Barcelona School of Design and Engineering.
I'm a graphic designer with a background in marketing. I want to design brands that people are proud to use as a statement of their self-expression. I aim to design brands focused on the end user and engaging in the consumer experience. I hope to design brands that fulfill lifestyles.


text:
playing ball
The one rift in Scarlett Johansson and Colin Jost's relationship
By Mark Gray Wonderwall 10:44am PDT, Apr 24, 2020
Scarlett Johansson and Colin Jost are in love and happily engaged, but they do not play ball when it comes to their sports teams.
In fact, there is real disdain.
In a recent interview with Parade, the actress spoke about her deep love for the New York Yankees, even revealing that in high school, she used to carry shortstop Derek Jeter's rookie baseball card in her wallet. At the time, the Yankees were in the midst of winning three consecutive championships.
Colin, meanwhile, is a passionate fan of New York Mets, the Bronx Bombers' cross-town rival. As sports fans know, the two teams and their fan bases don't exactly see eye to eye.
"It's a sore subject," Scarlett said of their baseball fandom. "He just told me that he'd rather see the [Boston] Red Sox win than the Yankees win. Like, what?! I said I was just going to ignore that."
Those are fighting words!
Aside from their "Subway Series" rivalry, Scarlett and Colin are the picture of happiness.
"What you see is what you get with him," she said. "He's very optimistic, easygoing, funny, nice, and those are the qualities that really drew me to him."
In the beginning, Scarlett and Colin started off as friends, but things eventually turned romantic and they dated for two years. In May 2019, they got engaged.
"It's so funny to have a long-term shared experience with someone and then the relationships changes," she said while wearing her 11-carat engagement ring.
Since the engagement, the couple has been keeping wedding planning details private, although Scarlett has said their wedding will be conscious of environmental issues.
Last year, Page Six reported that Colin joked about marriage after taking the stage during a celiac disease research benefit.
"I'm getting married and it's such a crazy thing… I was so scared of marriage for so long because every time I talked to someone who just got married or was about to get married, it's like, 'Oh my god, you got to do it… What could go wrong?'" he said. "Then you talk to someone who's been married for five years, and they're like, 'Don't rush into it… you have your whole life ahead of you. Don't have kids. They're the worst.'"
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