text:
National Criminal Defense Group P.A. > Lawyers > Federal Criminal Defense > Evan Kelly, Esq.
Evan Kelly, Esq.
138 W Gay Street West Chester, PA 19382
Evan Kelly, Esq. has joined the National Criminal Defense Group, P.A., as Of Counsel, and is heading the firms federal criminal defense practice in Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Mr. Kelly has earned the respect of the entire Pennsylvania legal community, being named one of the top 10 Criminal Defense Lawyers in the Eastern portion of Pennsylvania by the National Academy of Criminal Defense Attorneys and was also named one of the top 10 Criminal Defense Attorneys in the State of Pennsylvania by the American Institute of Legal Counsel for both 2014 and 2015. He was ranked as one of the top 100 Criminal Defense Attorneys in the State of Pennsylvania by the National Trial Lawyers Top 100. Before starting his own firm, Mr. Kelly worked as an Assistant District Attorney with the Chester County District Attorney's Office and later as Chief Counsel of Oversight and Investigations for the United States Senate Judiciary Committee under then Chairman, Senator Arlen Specter. Mr. Kelly also served as campaign treasurer for Senator Arlen Specter's 2010 United States Senate campaign in the state of Pennsylvania and practiced law for several years in the city of Philadelphia. As former Chief Counsel for Oversight and Investigations for the United States Senate Judiciary Committee, Mr. Kelly was tasked with advising United States Senator Arlen Specter on such issues as Illegal Federal Wiretapping conducted by the NSA, abuses under the Patriot Act, Oversight over the operations of the FBI and the trial of Enemy Combatants by both U.S. Federal Courts and Military tribunals.
West Chester University- 1997
Villanova University School of Law – 2000
Pennsylvania BAR- 2000
U.S. District Court Eastern District of Pennsylvania- 2000
U.S. District Court Western District of Pennsylvania-2000


Add Warmth This Year With A Cozy Fire Feature!
Outdoor entertaining tends to wane as the weather cools, but now homeowners have many design options that will take the edge off of chilly evenings. Delivering warmth and distinctive style, these handcrafted creations bring the natural look and elegance of crafted stone and concrete to any setting.
Don't let cooler weather prevent you from enjoying time with others outdoors. Extend your patio season with a Fire Bowl, Fire Pit or Fire Table. They can add a warm ambience to a cool evening and it's nice to be around a fire with good company. Deciding on a fire feature is as much about durability as it is aesthetic beauty and Gemstone has plenty of options ranging from size and affordability.
The Oasis Circle Firepit is a kit made of stackstone with a classic look that works well in most back yards. Here it pairs seamlessly with our Stone Oasis Circle Patio. It is available in four colours – Charcoal, Desert Buff, Antique Brown and Sierra Grey.
Another Stone Oasis kit is the Oasis Square Firepit. It's also made out of our Quarry Stone and is available in Charcoal and Sierra Grey. Additionally, our Rosetta Kit Collection includes two firepit options that deliver the classic look and feel of nature.
Dimensional Square Firepit is another Rosetta option that is made up of chiseled, clean and refined blocks which make it look sophisticated and highly natural. Both the Belvedere Firepit and Dimensional Firepit are available in Fon du Lac, Copper Canyon and Pacific Grey colours.
The Belvedere Circle Firepit is made up of various size blocks that replicate the look of natural stone and transforms your backyard into a warm retreat. It's a little bit larger than other firepits (42" inside diameter) which makes it great for larger areas.
The Modern Firepit is a contemporary counterpart to the Stone Oasis Square Firepit featuring smooth, untumbled blocks. Now available in Sierra Grey.
As the name implies the Infinite is limitless in its design applications. The simple yet elegant shape will naturally draw attention for its style and inviting warmth. Perfect for both residential and commercial applications, Infinite can change appearance from modern to traditional by simply selecting the weathered or textured Travertine finish.
Create a beautiful statement in your outdoor room. Take in the warm, mesmerizing feel of the glowing fire as you relax or entertain guests. These Fire Bowls are as beautiful as they are durable!
The organic, natural appearance of the concrete is unique to each unit and color variations, pitting, and wear are common features to the beauty of the fire bowl.
Fire Tables are the perfect addition to any contemporary outdoor space. Available in a variety of shapes, sizes and colors, the concrete base lets the focus be on the stunning fire display.
These beautiful Fire Tables will be the centerpiece for conversation or contemplation and enhance your outdoor environment and experience.


text:
Paraponera dieteri is an extinct species of Miocene ant in the genus Paraponera. The fossils of the species were found in the Dominican amber and were described by Baroni Urbani in 1994. The fossils are now in the collection of the State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart.

The fact it was found in Dominican Republic suggests that this species belonged to the tropical area.

Etymology
The species is named after Dieter Schlee who was responsible for the buildup of Dominican amber collection at the Stuttgart Museum.

References

Paraponerinae
Miocene insects
Hymenoptera of North America
Fossil ant taxa
Fossil taxa described in 1994

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


8:57 PM [asells] GUYS A Special Message just Received from Islandgirl 8:39pm Hello Guys, I just want to say I love all of you soooo much. And thank you for all the prayers and the Blessings. I am sure Cole "Cozy" is smiling right now. Yes I hurt sooo much. I miss him terribly. I can only wish to give him my very last breath to see him alive. My son was an angel all his life. After RV there will be a shrine in his honor and a childrens foundation in his name. We lost him tragically. I am not gonna rest until I find answers. For now, please accept my gratitude and overflowing love. Am greatful to be a part of this family. God Bless all of you. Please tell everyone that I love them and I said hello.


Welcome to the beautiful people, welcome to the Gliteratti! Julien MacDonald has shown his latest wall fashions and now we can share them with you. Surround yourself with the a veil of floating feathers, drawing inspiration from the finishing touches used on many of his catwalk gowns. Julien has not just created a pattern with the Gilded Feather, he has created a feeling. This silver and white colour combination of the feathers together with metallics help to give a defined separation from the soft pearl background. The backdrop has a fine textured finished matching that of the Disco Plain Coordinates, in this case featuring gold glitter embellishments and soft silhouetted feather illustrations in grey.
Step out and become a Glitterati by using the Gilded Feather on all four walls! Not so brave? Create a fabulous statement feature and combine with the Disco Pearl plain. These wallpapers are extra easy to hang due to the entire collection being a paste the wall collection, this technology also has the benefit of being fully strippable making a quick change possible when you fancy a change. Gilded Feather Silver/White 32-945, produced by Graham & Brown in Blackburn, England.


text:
A successful email newsletter is often measured in terms of audience growth. The more sign ups you can get, the better you're doing, right? Not always, says marketer Jay Acunzo.
Acunzo, who runs Marketing Showrunners, a media company geared at people working to find their voice, noted raw data points like the size of your email list don't reveal much about how effective your email marketing is. Instead, he recommends taking a closer look at what happens after someone signs up.
From the Podcast → Jay Acunzo talks about holding your customers' attention through email newsletters
Acunzo noted people who subscribe to one of Marketing Showrunners' email newsletters get a welcome message with a question about who they are and what they do. The message encourages the reader to hit reply with their response.
Acunzo not only tracks how often subscribers reply, but also the length of the replies he receives and how he responds to those readers. The goal is to develop relationships with readers and to measure the depth of that connection, he said.
"We're not a transactional company. We're a relationship company," Acunzo said. "We want to go deeper and broader."
What about open rates and click-throughs? Acunzo warns against reading too much into those.
A few intentional interactions with your audience can tell you a whole lot more, he added.
In the latter case "you've struck gold," Acunzo said. "You have found something meaningful to lean into and explore."
Acunzo, who appeared on a recent episode of rasa.io's Pushing Send podcast, encourages email marketers to shift focus from gaining new subscribers to taking care of the ones you already have. Here are a few of his tips for converting meaningful customer interactions into long-term newsletter growth.
From the Blog → How sharing one personal story (at just the right time) can boost email marketing success
Shift your priorities.
Acunzo sums up his approach to email marketing in a single question: Have we developed new relationships?
"Not new names in the database," Acunzo said. "Has there been actual interactivity with the audience?"
The easiest way to measure interactivity? Ask your readers to respond to your email with their thoughts or feedback.
Kickstart a conversation.
Marketing Showrunners used to respond to new email subscribers with a message thanking that person for joining and explaining the benefits of the newsletter they just signed up for.
"And that would have been it," Acunzo said.
Now? He keeps the thank you note, but also tacks on a few more specific questions like:
Do you have a podcast?
How is it going?
Can you send it to me?
Check out our guide to top email newsletter tools to help you grow your outreach
Make an offer.
Acunzo offers to listen to and review the podcasts of subscribers who take the time to respond to his welcome emails. Being able to offer value to a new subscriber right off the bat lays the groundwork for a long-term relationship, he said.
"It's one thing to get somebody to subscribe to a newsletter. The next challenge comes with getting that person to stick around for the long haul," Acunzo said.
He noted being able to measure the depth of a reader relationship also helps you as the newsletter sender. It allows you to focus your time and energy on the strongest relationships on your email list, he said.
Describe what you do.
A lot of companies and organizations assume new newsletter subscribers already know about what they do. Few take the time to really spell out what they do to new subscribers, and they're surprised when those folks don't convert to long-term subscribers or supporters, he said.
Acunzo encourages email marketers to continually reinforce and explain what it is they do, through newsletters and other email marketing. Use each email to share a little bit about who you are, what you do and how your brand supports the community.
Don't miss an opportunity to give readers a clearer vision of the why behind your work, as well as the ins and outs of what it is you do, he said.
From the Blog → How to use data to segement your email newsletter audience
You're reading "How to hold your customer's attention in 4 simple steps."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


No, you didn't miss anything—there was no Linkage post last weekend. And although this one represents a full two weeks' worth of internetting, much of what I sent myself within that span is now stale. Still fresh enough, in my opinion, for consumption today are the following items, listed by date of birth.
March 18: The New York Police Department issued a press release in response to "the critics" and an unspecified editorial in The New York Times.
March 19: Constance Hale discussed "the sentence as a miniature narrative" at The Opinionator.
March 20: Claudia La Rocco tweeted her review of a very interesting-sounding performance by the Martha Graham Dance Company at the Joyce.
March 21: Laura Barnett talked with Wayne McGregor for The Guardian about dance and the internet.
March 22: Warrick Carter, president of Columbia College Chicago, probably had a long day.
March 23: My colleague at Time Out Chicago Jake Malooley compiled evidence of a "world-class city complex" among Mayor Rahm Emanuel and some of his associates. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, probably, dropped a new single.
March 24: Apollinaire Scherr profiled choreographer Alexei Ratmansky for the Financial Times. Luke Jennings of The Observer wrote about the Royal Ballet's boarding school, White Lodge, triggering a volume of comment far exceeding what usually follows articles about dance (nothing).
March 25: Frank Rich argued that the Republican Party has "a serious problem with women." A performance event called "Bond on Blonde" was held at MoMA's PS1 outpost in Queens. Big Art Group later posted a wrap-up and photos; Time Out New York later published a slideshow.
March 27: Ramsin Canon blogged about "the domestic infection of empire." It would've been Ludwig Mies van der Rohe's 126th birthday; The Guardian published Steve Rose's summary of pendulum swings of opinion about the architect.
March 28: Claudia La Rocco hashed out Coda with its creator, Yve Laris Cohen. Ethan Zuckerman got me to link to one last thing about Mike Daisey. Deadline reported that Charlie Kaufman, whose skull protects one of my favorite minds, will publish a novel.
March 29: Sheri Candler asked the question, "Is trendy a dirty word in ballet?" Diablo Cody interviewed Sarah Silverman in the Red Band Trailer.
March 30: Roslyn Sulcas profiled Sylvie Guillem for The New York Times. Whet Moser blogged for Chicago magazine about dissing your boss on Facebook. Julie Klausner posted her How Was Your Week? interview with Sharon Needles.
March 31: Joffrey Ballet dancer Fabrice Calmels posted on Twitter a photo of rehearsal. I published at Time Out Chicago's Unscripted blog my review of Mystical Bootcamp and Under the Roses.


text:
Home/canada/Earth inspires endless sense of awe & # 39; in the astronaut Saint-Jacques – Red Deer Advocate
Earth inspires endless sense of awe & # 39; in the astronaut Saint-Jacques – Red Deer Advocate
LONGUEUIL, Que. "During his first days in the room's micro-gravity, David Saint-Jacques was transported back to his childhood," the Canadian astronaut told reporters Monday.
It was not the feeling of staring at the sky, wondering he talked about, but the feeling of hanging on the head of a playground as the blood rushed to your head.
"I'm a bit overloaded here, like most people are because gravity is not there to pull the blood down your legs," explained Saint-Jacques Monday on a video connection between the International Space Station and the Canadian Space Agency headquarters.
"Your body has to adapt to it, so at first you have that kind of a big red soft face …. Can you remember as a child hanging from the monkeys in the park, how is the head kind of puffing up? is how you feel constant initially and then normalizes it. "
The astronaut, who arrived at the International Space Station on December 3, said there have already been a lot of breathtaking moments. The first sunrise from the runway after he and other astronauts, Anne McClain from NASA and Oleg Kononenko from the Russian space company, Roscosmos, blown away was "quite emotional moment," he said.
"I looked out of the window and this little blue crescent began to get brighter and lighter and I realized," Wow, it's actually the earth's curve, "he said." So the first sunrise on the circuit I'll never forget. It was very moving – just so beautiful. "
In his first news conference from the space station he said that he tries to learn as much as possible from the residents who have been there since June and plan to return to earth on 20 December. They are Serena Aunon Chancellors in NASA, Alexander Gerst of the European Space Agency and Sergey Prokopyev of Roscosmos.
He said he has started to "dabble" in earth photography, including images of his hometown. Saint-Jacques was born in Quebec City and raised in Montreal suburb of St-Lambert.
"It's just an endless sense of awe that looks at our blue planet – this thin blue line in the atmosphere, the color of the blue flash – it's just incredible," he said, adding that he was moved by the beauty's beauty and sunsets and the feel of the earth's size.
"It's very touching and it's very humiliating and it makes you want to go back to Earth and help improve."


text:
Developer ToolsBeginners Guide To The Zendesk Developer Tools
JSON responses
Using cURL
Let's pick a language
Time to complete our developer setup
jQuery, Node, and all of the packages you've ever dreamed of
If you're just starting out, be sure to check out Part 1 of this tutorial. If you're comfortable with everything in that section, awesome job! In Part Two, we'll learn how to read all the data being sent back to us, install cURL so we can make HTTP requests from the terminal, and we'll complete our developer environment. Ready, set, let's go!
You may have realized that when you make a call on your browser, the response (or what the computer presents you to read), is a big mess and hard to actually read:
To fix this:
Download a JSON formatter to pretty print* your responses. (You can download whichever one you like, this is just one of many available).
Once installed, refresh your browser and enjoy the gorgeous JSON:
Pretty printing is the application of various stylistic formatting conventions to text files, such as source code, markup, and similar kinds of content. These format changes can adjust positioning and spacing (indent style), add color and contrast (syntax highlighting), adjust size, and make similar modifications intended to make the content easier for people to view, read, and understand. Pretty printers for programming language source code are sometimes called code beautifiers or syntax highlighters.
Making calls in your browser is pretty great, but what about when you want to work directly from the command line, or create a ticket with multiple fields? This is when you'll want to use a cURL statement. cURL is a lightweight, command-line tool for making HTTP requests without a web browser. Just how the request shows up in the developer console on a browser, when you make a request using cURL, all the information is given to you directly in the command-line window. (There's an example below we'll work through after installing this.)
All the examples in the Zendesk REST API docs consist of cURL statements. A statement is simply a complete expression of code, like so: var x = y * z + 12
You can run these statements on your command line (also known as your terminal) to try out various requests.
To get cURL or check what version you may already have, take a look at this tutorial we put together. Follow all the steps, get set up, and run a test statement to ensure it works. (Be sure to use the correct signin info for your Zendesk Support account while running these tests.)
And lastly, if you don't already have a Support account/subdomain, I recommend signing up for a Trial account here so you can play with the API freely without altering up your work account.
If you really get into developing apps and scripts to enhance your support experience, Zendesk does offer sponsored testing accounts. Just email [email protected] and we can extend the trial.
Second example - Common ask: Help, I want to quickly get all tickets in my Support product!
Because we want to read data, we'll use the GET method.
The Tickets API documentation supplies us with the call to make: GET /api/v2/tickets.json.
Note: You have to be an admin in Zendesk Support to use this endpoint. See Understanding Zendesk Support user roles in the Support Help Center.
Open a basic text editor and paste this cURL statement (it's easier to edit in a text editor than the terminal because the terminal doesn't register mouse clicks):
curl https://{subdomain}.zendesk.com/api/v2/tickets.json \  -v -u {email_address}:{password}
Replace the generic fields with your Zendesk Support info. Remember to delete the curly braces, they are not needed to run the call.
Next, open up your computer's terminal/command line.
On a Mac, press Cmd + Space Bar, then type 'terminal'.
Paste the edited cURL statement into the terminal and hit Enter.
Assuming you have tickets in your Support account, your response will look like this:
You're probably asking yourself, "How does the computer know we want to get that info? We didn't put GET in the CURL statement."
There's a format for each type of request. We don't have to say GET in our request because by default, the computer will fetch this information since we didn't supply it with a reason to do anything else.
An example POST statement looks like this:
curl https://{subdomain}.zendesk.com/api/v2/tickets.json \  -d '{"ticket": {"subject": "My printer is on fire!", "comment": { "body": "The smoke is very colorful." }}}' \  -H "Content-Type: application/json" -v -u {email_address}:{password} -X POST
By adding additional content and the -X POST, we change the request. More information on requests here.
Okay so that last example was probably a lot of information, so let's figure out what's going on! To start, we need to pick a language to use. Why? Calling requests with the browser (like our first example), or cURL (like our second example), is great, but sometimes we want more robust information or want to create a lot of data at once. To really dive into our Support product and customize it completely, we need to write some scripts, or code.
We write a lot of JavaScript (JS) at Zendesk, and because it's easy for beginners to pick up, it's perfect for us to use here. Also, JS is already installed on your computer and we don't need to set anything up. Take a deep breath and let's try it out:
Let's go back to our browsers. Right click and select Inspect Element to bring up your console.
Navigate to the Console tab and click it. It'll look like this:
The console is your best friend. It is also commonly referred to as a 'command line' or 'browser's terminal'. Simply put, you write something in the console, hit 'Enter', and the computer will immediately give you an answer. It's great for learning and just playing around.
In your console, type var x = 5 and then press Enter.
Now type x and hit Enter. What just happened? The console returns 5 because we just assigned it to x.
We won't go into the full syntax of JavaScript here, but this is a great resource for beginners: http://jsforcats.com/#basics. Silly name, yes, but simply done, and brilliant. Explore this a bit now (at least the basics), and when you're ready to start building more, you can get through all of it in an hour or two.
And remember, don't get too caught up trying to remember how to do everything (because you won't be able to). We recommend writing a few lines, seeing what happens, and then getting back to this tutorial. We'll be linking articles throughout this guide so that as you work through it, you have additional resources for when you're ready to learn more.
So far we've learned briefly about RESTful APIs and written a bit of basic JavaScript---but we don't have anywhere to save our code yet!
Code can easily be edited in a simple text editor, but developers often use specialized applications that are more comfortable for writing and editing code. Examples include TextEdit or Xcode.
There are tons of editors available, but to keep things simple, let's all work on Sublime Text. It's donation-based, simple, and easy to use.
If it's not already installed, download Sublime Text.
Once you have Sublime Text, open it up and take a look. You can copy this code and paste it in your blank editor:
var x = 10;var y = 5;
var z = x + y;
print var z
Your editor should look like this:
In the right, bottom corner, you'll see that it says 'Plain Text', by default. When you're ready to save your code, make sure it has the proper file extension. For example, when you save slideshows, you use '.key' or '.ppt'. For JavaScript files, we save everything with a '.js' extension.
If you want to learn more about different file extensions and when to use which one, take a look at this resource.
Go ahead and save the file as example.js. You should see a change in format, like this:
Something to note: Line 6 is different than all the others--I forgot a semicolon and the editor has highlighted that for me. That's the beauty of text editors. There are many ways to customize yours to make it as efficient for you as you need it. My favorite to start off with is JSHint. JSHint is a tool to detect errors and potential problems in JavaScript code.
Important: I personally would not bother with Sublime customizations now, as it may only confuse you starting out. Write some JavaScript on jsforcats, get used to it, then worry about making your editor cool and beautiful. BUT, if you want to, I'll list the steps below.
To install JSHint, follow these steps:
Install Sublime's Package Control. This manages all your installs and makes it easy to keep track of and access. The manual install may be easier.
Let's install Node.js. I could try to explain what exactly Node is right now, but for simplicity reasons, just know that with Node installed, unpacking other modules and programs will be super quick and easy and your life will be better. Trust me.
Install JSHint for Sublime Text by following the instructions here. Since we just installed Node, you can simply run npm install jshint in your terminal (command line).
If you get stuck, be sure to check each component was properly installed.
Note: If you're feeling like a genius and want to keep learning, check out this great guide on using your terminal! (Non-mac users can look at this page.)
The last part of our developer setup is fairly quick, but requires a lot of resources. We'll break it down into a manageable list as best we can.
Install Node.js (if you haven't already). We'll need it to install future packages.
What are packages?
Packages are collections of functions, data, and compiled code in a well-defined format. With the right packages, coding becomes a lot easier.
Install Bower, an awesome package manager that will help you manage, find, and install what you need.
Install jQuery. "jQuery is a fast, small, and feature-rich JavaScript library. It makes things like HTML document traversal and manipulation, event handling, animation, and Ajax much simpler with an easy-to-use API that works across a multitude of browsers."
Before moving on to Part 3: Using Zendesk APIs of this tutorial, make sure you've completed all of the above steps and you feel comfortable with your setup.


text:
CM9Architects
CM9 Architects
VB 54
The apartment is generated by the union of three units at the first floor of an old building, not far from the Bocconi school. The starting and comparison point was a disordered system of rooms, generated by the unplanned aggregation of different building particles, in direct communication with the adjacent balcony and street. The renovation project envisages the reorganization of the interior spaces, rendering continuity to a system of spaces resulting from a progressive and unregulated aggregation. From a careful analysis of the existing rooms and their relationship with the external context, we have developed in collaboration with the Clients a radical plant characterized by a clear separation between the areas of the apartament: day, night and services.
The new scheme proposes, in a different and not calculated way, the perimeter of the original building particles, giving each of them a well-defined function. The steps necessary to achieve this configuration were the demolition of the existing brick partitions, the structural consolidation of the floors, the reorganization of the systems. The living area, freed from the wall partitions, is proposed as a large open space in direct communication with the external balcony. The heart of this space is the new kitchen that embraces the room . Little interventions were, however, carried out in the sleeping area, where the original planimetric layout was confirmed and dignity restored to the corridor which, in its greater depth, becomes a proper room.
Ultimately, the bathroom block is a hinge between the living area and the sleeping area. The particular configuration of these spaces and their system of paths allows them to be reached autonomously and quickly from any room. The new wall partitions have been realized in plasterboard that, thanks to the use of suspended sanitary ware, completely house the services, avoiding solutions of continuity inside the floors, improving the accessibility and maintainability of the pipes. The remaining services, instead and for the same reason, have been housed inside the new plasterboard ceiling and reach the different rooms of the house through the vertical partitions. Finally, an architectural approach characterizes the distribution of air conditioning which, with its ceiling blades, underlines the depth of the rooms it feeds. The materials used reiterate the distributive logic that informs the apartment. A conservative attitude characterizes the living and the sleeping areas where the existing wooden floors have been confirmed and restored. Stone materials, on the other hand, characterize the service block which, in the different finishes, once again reveals its role as a hinge between the rooms of the house.
Via Lazzaro Palazzi 9
20124, Milano, Italia
info@cm9architects.com


text:
Get Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions from Amazon.com
Order our Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions Study Guide
Introduction and opening remarks
Suggestions 1-3
Suggestions 10-12
Objects/Places
Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions - Introduction and opening remarks Summary & Analysis
This Study Guide consists of approximately 35 pages of chapter summaries, quotes, character analysis, themes, and more - everything you need to sharpen your knowledge of Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions.
The author prefaces her letter to Ijeawele with a section entitled "Introduction." In the Introduction, the author contextualizes the letter that follows, explaining to her readers that a couple of years before this book's publication, a close friend named Ijeawele asked her for advice on "how to raise her baby girl a feminist" (3). Although the author recalls that Ijeawele's request felt "too huge a task" (3), she resolved to write her friend a letter, which she hoped would be both "honest" (4) and "practical" (4) in imparting her advice. The author calls the resulting letter a "map" (4) for her "own feminist thinking" (4), which here she turned into the book readers see before them.
The author, who is now the mother of a baby girl too, recognizes that the reality of raising a child is "enormously complex" (4). However, she concludes that, "it is...
(read more from the Introduction and opening remarks Summary)
More summaries and resources for teaching or studying Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions.
Dear Ijeawele, or A Feminist Manifesto in Fifteen Suggestions from BookRags. (c)2020 BookRags, Inc. All rights reserved.


The Matrix Model Group is a small firm of Independent Financial Advisers based in the historic cavern quarter of Liverpool city centre. Incorporated in 2004, we offer our clients the personal touch often lost in this day and age by large corporate financial institutions. We spend time getting to know our clients and their needs, drawing from our many years of experience in financial planning with clients.
We chose to remain independent because we believe that it is important that we are not restricted in any way at the point we advise our client.
If you are looking for advice on investing, retirement planning or arranging protection for your family, why not contact us for an initial discussion?


text:
package Google::Ads::GoogleAds::V10::Services::CampaignDraftService::ListCampaignDraftAsyncErrorsRequest;

use strict;
use warnings;
use base qw(Google::Ads::GoogleAds::BaseEntity);

use Google::Ads::GoogleAds::Utils::GoogleAdsHelper;

sub new {
  my ($class, $args) = @_;
  my $self = {
    pageSize     => $args->{pageSize},
    pageToken    => $args->{pageToken},
    resourceName => $args->{resourceName}};

  # Delete the unassigned fields in this object for a more concise JSON payload
  remove_unassigned_fields($self, $args);

  bless $self, $class;
  return $self;
}

1;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Elon Musk's SpaceX launches The Falcon 9 for the U.S. Military
Saurav Kumar December 24, 2018 Science and Environment
A SpaceX rocket was reportedly launched from Florida's Cape Canaveral, carrying a U.S. military navigation satellite. Sources claim that this was SpaceX's first national security space mission for the U.S.
Reportedly, The Falcon 9 rocket, carrying a GPS satellite worth $500 million, was manufactured by Lockheed Martin Corp and launched from Cape Canaveral at 8:51 a.m. local time. In the last week incidentally, four previously scheduled launches, including one launch on Saturday, were canceled due to technical issues and bad weather.
Reports claim that this successful launch marks a victory for the privately held rocket company SpaceX, founded by Elon Musk. The company had apparently spent years trying to enter the lucrative market for military space launches, dominated by Boeing Co. and Lockheed.
For the record, in 2014, SpaceX had sued the U.S. Air Force over the military's award of a multibillion-dollar, which is a non-compete contract for 36 rocket launches to United Launch Alliance. In 2015, it dropped the lawsuit after the U.S. Air Force agreed to open up competition. The next year, SpaceX won a $83 million Air Force contract to launch the GPS III satellite that will have a lifespan of 15 years.
Chip Eschenfelder, Lockheed spokesperson, was reportedly quoted stating that the satellite was the first to be launched out of 32 in production by Lockheed under contracts which was worth a combined $12.6 billion for the Air Force GPS III program. Eschenfelder further stated that the next GPS III satellite will launch in mid-2019, whereas subsequent satellites are undergoing tests in the company's processing facility in Colorado.
Air Force stated that the launch was originally scheduled for 2014 but has been hobbled due to production delays.
About SpaceX:
Space Exploration Technologies Corp, operating as SpaceX, is a privately held American aerospace manufacturer and space transportation services firm headquartered in Hawthorne, California. SpaceX was founded by Elon Musk in 2002, with an aim to reduce space transportation costs and enable the colonization of Mars.
Saurav Kumar
Saurav currently works as a content developer for closetonews and a few other similar portals. A graduate in Journalism and Mass Communication, he has also completed an internship at The Times Group as a news writer and reporter. Reading and listening to music are some of his other areas of interest. He can be contacted at- [email protected] | https://twitter.com/Saurav__K


text:
Grand Finale Orbits Petal Plot
Source: NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory - Caltech / Erick Sturm
Cassini mission planners created this animation to showcase Cassini's final 22 orbits - the mission's Grand Finale.
The six Apollo landing sites are revealed chronologically as the phase and libration of the Moon is shown throughout the Apollo era.
Video: Apollo Landing Sites
This video demonstrates the hiss-like radio noise generated by electrons moving along magnetic field lines from the Saturnian moon Enceladus to a glowing patch of ultraviolet light on Saturn. Th...
Hiss from Aurora Caused by Enceladus
Dawn spacecraft successfully launched September 27th, 2007.
NASA's Dawn Spacecraft Launches September 27, 2007
This graphic represents a possible model for mechanisms that could generate the water vapor and tiny ice particles detected by Cassini over the southern polar terrain on Enceladus. This model shows...
Modeling 'Warm' Ice on Enceladus
A selection of graphics celebrating America's birthday over the years.
In this month's sky, look for lovely crescent Moons at the start and end of the month. The September equinox brings the beginning of fall in the Northern Hemisphere. And Mars is at solar conjunctio...
What's Up Video: September 2019 Skywatching Tips from NASA
See also the non-annotated version. Astronomers have long known that Saturn's rings reflect sunlight most strongly when Earth is located directly between Saturn and the sun. Flat, shiny surfaces (...
Cat's eye rings and peek-a-boo shadows (annotated)
This image, which is composed of data obtained by NASA's Cassini spacecraft, shows the topography of a mountain known as Janiculum Dorsa on the Saturnian moon Dione.
Buckling Under the Weight
On July 19, 2013, in an event celebrated the world over, NASA's Cassini spacecraft slipped into Saturn's shadow and turned to image the planet, seven of its moons, its inner rings -- and, in the ba...
The Day the Earth Smiled (with planets annotated)
MESSENGER captured this departure sequence of Venus after a close flyby of the planet in 2007.
MESSENGER Bids Farewell to Venus
Comparing Jupiter's moons Io and Europa with Saturn's moons Enceladus and Titan.
Moons: Active Worlds
+ Higher Resolution This graphic illustrates the Radio Science Occultation Experiment conducted on Friday May 10, 2013. Details and description of terms: Dots are spaced at 15-minute (15 m) ...
May 2013 Radio Science Occultation Experiment
+ Version without labels Cassini shot past the surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus on Aug. 11, 2008, acquiring a set of seven high-resolution images targeting known jet source locations on the mo...
Baghdad and Cairo Sulci on Enceladus (labeled)
During its closest flyby of Saturn's moon Titan on April 16, the Cassini spacecraft came within 1,025 kilometers (637 miles) of the moon's surface and found that the outer layer of the thick, hazy ...
Titan's Upper Atmosphere: A
In August 2012, a long filament of solar material coalesced in the Sun's atmosphere.
Solar Filament Coalesces in Sun's Atmosphere
This frame from a video from NASA's Dawn mission shows dwarf planet Ceres in false-color renderings, which highlight differences in surface materials.
Ceres Rotation and Occator Crater (Video)
The flight over Charon begins high over the hemisphere New Horizons saw on its closest approach, then descends over the deep, wide canyon of Serenity Chasma.
Flyover: Pluto Moon Charon
On Sept. 23-24, 2005, the Cassini-Huygens radar team continuously scans Saturn from pole to pole, letting Saturn's rotation sweep the atmosphere across the track. This image details the planned pas...
Saturn Atmosphere Thermal Emission
This still is from a short computer-animated film that highlights Cassini's accomplishments and Saturn and reveals the science-packed final orbits between April and September 2017.
Titan Sunlight Glint
Diagram of the Cassini spacecraft and Huygens probe.
Cassini Diagram No. 1
Part of the shadow of Saturn's moon Mimas appears as if it has been woven through the planet's rings in this unusual series of images from Cassini.
Weaving a Shadow
The European Space Agency has set up a special gallery for the more than 350 raw images snapped by the Huygens probe as it descended to Titan on Jan. 14, 2005. Visit the gallery at: http://esamulti...
ESA Huygens Raw Image Gallery
NASA's Parker Solar Probe mission launched Aug. 12, 2018, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida.
Parker Solar Probe Launch
The heavens often seem vast and unchanging as seen from Earth, but movement in the skies is the norm. The relative motions of both Cassini and Enceladus over a 15-minute period create the movement ...
Nevertheless, It Moves
The Cassini mission entered its second extended mission, called the Cassini Solstice Mission, in September 2010. This extension enables scientists to study seasonal and other long-term weather chan...
Cassini Solstice Mission


Is the use of your extension illegal in France on January 1, 2018 with the new french financial law?
The french financial law n° 2017-1837 of December 30th, 2017, so-called law of finances 2018, must be applied from January 1, 2018. It concerns all software called "logiciels de caisse" (cash software). It means software used to record and process sales of goods and services.
The purpose of this law is to combat VAT fraud and oblige French merchants to use, since January 1, 2018, a software that meets the requirements of inalterability, security, preservation and archiving of data for control of the tax administration.
Is my website a "logiciel de caisse" (Cash Software) ?
Since e-commerce payments are made mainly by cards, which are a very traceable, e-commerce websites could have considered themselves outside the scope of this new law. However, the french tax administration, has different interpretation of this term.
What is exactly a "Logiciel de caisse"?
is certified by a certificate issued by an accredited organization (conditions given in Article L. 433 -4 of the code of consumption) or by an individual certificate of the publisher, according to a model set by the administration.
In a FAQ dated July 28, 2017 the french administration also clarified what they mean by "Cash Software" (points 1 and 9) and that an e-commerce website is indeed a "cash register software", even if the e-merchant does not accept cash, and as such it is subject to the law requirements.
You may have read on internet different interpretation of the term "Cash Software", but I do not think there is any doubt. E-commerce websites are concerned by this law.
Note that the blogger Thomas Coëffé has also modified the initial version of his article, after he contacted an advocate.
Is my website concerned by this law?
your company sells to individuals, i.e. when the clients are not subjected to VAT. The so called B2C business model; whatever the size of your business, except "auto-entrepreneurs".
your website does not produce invoices (using for example an external system).
Is my extension concerned by this law?
If your extension records sales and produces invoices, your extension is concerned by this law when used by a french company.
What are the requirements to my extension to comply to this law?
Note: I do not know yet what is meant exactly by tax file format.
My extension meets the requirements, what's next ?
The law says that the company using your extension has to obtain a registered certificate or an individual certificate.
the National Laboratory of Metrology and Testing (LNE).
Registered certificates are a long and expensive process.
You can also deliver an individual certificate. This certificate must conform to the model provided in BOI-LETTER-000242.
What are the risks if my website not in compliance?
From January 1, 2018 your company is liable of a fine of 7 500 € per management software, accounting or cash system concerned, in case of a control by the DGFIP (Direction générale des Finances publiques). The company then has 60 days to comply, otherwise the fine can be applied again.
The french tax administration will be comprehensive for the next 12 months, ie until 31 December 2018.
What about the 2 ecommerce extensions for Joomla : VirtueMart and Hikashop?
Those 2 major ecommerce extensions for Joomla VirtueMart and Hikashop are aware of this new law, and will comply to it.
For Hikashop, the discussion is here.


Fans wish to assist the artists they love, you just have to provide them direct and compelling methods to take action. On Bandcamp, followers can take heed to your music, resolve in the event that they prefer it, and if that's the case, pay you directly for it. They then get limitless streaming entry through the free Bandcamp app for Android, iOS and Sonos, plus an optionally available excessive-high quality obtain.
Glass artists course of glass in a variety of methods—similar to by blowing, shaping, or joining it—to create artistic pieces. The Artists Archives of the Western Reserve is proud to open its 2018 exhibition schedule with Core Functions, an inaugural show for 2 new Archived Artists, ceramicist Bette Drake and painter and printmaker Marvin Jones.
These artists sometimes use multiple displays or create unusual spaces for the video to be proven. The superior audio recording and modifying capabilities in Cubase Artist allow you to get the very best out of your recordings in the quickest and easiest method. So they carry in artists like Frick to current out-of-the-box ideas. As a result of the demand for paintings will depend on consumers having further income to spend, many of these artists will discover that their revenue adjustments alongside the overall economic system.
Previous Post: What Does SURPRISE WOMAN 2's Rumored Villain Tell Us About The Movie?


text:
Creating a Culture of Change: Telling the Stories of Reform
During this panel, three filmmakers discussed the role of culture and narrative in shaping views and influencing criminal justice reform. Scott Budnick, who produced The Hangover series before founding the Anti-Recidivism Coalition, argued that films can influence public opinion as well as public policy by deliberately crafting a story and characters that are sympathetic. He explained that documentaries are best for this advocacy, because they can combine narrative storytelling with facts and data.
For Daniel Chalfen, co-founder of Naked Edge Films, cinema, television, and other modes of storytelling can all have a large impact on criminal justice reforms by reaching a wide array of audiences. He suggested that filmmakers should try to reach the audience they want to influence instead of an audience that already agrees with them. Chalfen also cautioned filmmakers against creating films that speak solely to audiences on the East or West Coast, saying that films should resonate with audiences across the country.
For Scott Christopherson, director of the documentary Peace Officer, an equally important group is the people filmmakers are portraying. Because Peace Officer critiques police militarization, Christopherson wanted to honestly portray police officers and shed light on the challenges they face. Christopherson explained that while some of his subjects were unhappy with his portrayal of them, he did make a significant effort to tell their portions of the story with sympathy and integrity.
While the filmmakers pointed out challenges to crafting sympathetic narratives and characters that aid criminal justice reform, they also noted a few areas for solutions and support. First, Budnick mentioned the lack of funding for documentaries and how this leads to a disparity in how they are marketed compared to major studio releases. Larger budgets for marketing, he argued, would help these films reach wider audiences. Additionally, Chalfen explained that advocates for reform should bring criminal justice issues to writers and producers so that they can be worked into story lines for film and television, rather than having to be the main focus.
Learn more about how the Charles Koch Foundation supports criminal justice reform and submit your proposal by visiting the Request for Proposals page.
New Survey Reveals American Consumers Support Businesses Hiring Those with Criminal Records
New research from SHRM and the Charles Koch Institute found that the vast majority of American consumers support purchasing goods and services from businesses that employ people with non-violent criminal records.
On 70th Anniversary of NATO, Key Member States Question Its Relevancy and Efficacy
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) celebrates its 70th anniversary, and in advance of this historical commemoration, a new survey asked respondents in key NATO member states about NATO's effectiveness and relevance in today's world.
Protecting Protest: How Proposed Rules Would Chill Free Expression Around DC Landmarks


WILMETTE, Ill. (WLS) -- A north suburban babysitter is accused of sexually assaulting a little boy.
Police say Brett Zagorac was hired by a Wilmette family in 2014 when he assaulted the child.
The victim's family found Zagorac through an online babysitting website.


Prints: Interested in purchasing these prints? Click here.
My spirit guides informed me to hike the Cascade Head Trail north of Lincoln City on the Oregon coast September, 2008. When I first received their message, I listened and did nothing. It didn't feel like it was the right time to go hiking. However, a few weeks later, I got the message again. So one night after working at The Crystal Wizard, I was prepared to walk the trail, having previously packed jeans and hiking shoes in the trunk of my car, Belle. The rain started before I left the shop and continued unabated as I reached the north end of Lincoln City, Oregon. Knowing it wasn't the day for me to make the hike, I headed home.
A few more weeks went by. Then a friend told me he had received a message from his guides; to take a hike through woods and across a river. His guides had not yet revealed the location to him. I told him about my message to hike the Cascade Head Trail. He said he had hiked there before and it had streams across the trail. Plus part of the trail was in the woods. We set a date to hike together. I ended up working the first part of that particular day, so we had a late start. I was guided to take my camera, something I rarely do. It takes two and a half hours to get to reach the Oregon coast from Portland, Oregon. We leisurely drove along, stopping in Newberg, Oregon, for an early dinner at a small cafe serving organic food. The ladies helping us at the counter were both named Crystal. I had to smile, knowing that I use crystals all day long in my healing practice. It was interesting to have them both wait on us.
After arriving at the coast, we started our hike up the Cascade Head Trail. The fresh ocean breeze felt and smelled blissful! The sky was clear and the sun shone brightly as we journeyed through the woods accompanied by with the woodland fairies and spirits. As we hiked up the trail to the first bluff over-looking the ocean, I was guided to turn left and go down a small trail which led closer to the ocean. My friend saw a sign that said the trail was closed. However I saw no sign and explained to him that I was being spiritually guided to head further in that same direction. So we did. Then a short distance further down the trail we came upon a posted sign. Here the trail ended. After taking a short break, I received a spiritual message to resume hiking back up the trail. My friend questioned my intuitive guidance. However he was still willing to accept following it. Approximately 100 feet further up the trail a mother deer and her two babies emerged from below the cliff directly in front of us. What a beautiful gift that was from Spirit! I enjoyed telepathically communing with them. Twenty minutes later I was once again guided to stop. My friend looked curiously at me, shrugged his shoulders as he sat with me to watch the sun set. I took a few pictures of the setting sun. As I did I noticed that the rays of the setting sun were stretching closer and closer to the ocean shore line in front of us. With each click of the camera we saw the sun's reflection create the picture of a beautiful Angel on the water surface. A few seconds after that the Angel became a side profile of a Guru with hands in prayer position.
How blessed we are; neither of us had asked why we were suppose to hike the Cascade Head Trail. So we had no expectations before hand. Along with no time restraints, we also knew we were on a journey of discovery. When the sun set it was time to head back down the trail. Now we were in the dark with no flash light! My friend hesitated to walk back along the dark wooded section of the trail. As the trail emerged into a field we encountered three deer. I felt they were a sign for safe passage through the woods. I knew we would be safe with the stars and moonlight to light our way. We never tripped over the huge tree roots of the beautiful old trees. Before we knew it we were back on the road leading to the parking lot. I felt one with the Universe and Mother Earth. My heart was euphoric from the experience!
Printed on museum art paper.


(1) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data/in cooperation with American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : alphabetical indexes for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-56, International Centre for Diffraction Data, (c2006).
(2) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data/in cooperation with American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : Hanawalt search manual for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-56, International Centre for Diffraction Data, (c2006).
(3) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data/in cooperation with American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : Hanawalt search manual for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-55, International Centre for Diffraction Data, (c2005).
(4) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data/in cooperation with American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : alphabetical indexes for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-55, International Centre for Diffraction Data, (c2005).
(5) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data in cooperation with, American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : alphabetical indexes for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-54, International Center for Diffraction Data, (c2004).
(6) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data in cooperation with American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : Hanawalt search manual for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-54, International Center for Diffraction Data, (c2004).
(7) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data in cooperation with American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : Hanawalt search manual for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-54, International Center for Diffraction Data, (c2004).
(8) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data in cooperation with American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : Hanawalt search manual for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-53, International Center for Diffraction Data, (c2003).
(9) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data in cooperation with American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : Hanawalt search manual for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-53, International Center for Diffraction Data, (c2003).
(10) compiled by the International Centre for Diffraction Data in cooperation with, American Ceramic Society ... [et al.], Powder diffraction file : PDF : alphabetical indexes for experimental patterns : inorganic phases : sets 1-53, International Center for Diffraction Data, (c2003).
(11) アドビシステムズ著/ドキュメントシステム訳, PDFリファレンス, ピアソン・エデュケーション, (2001.9).
(12) アドビシステムズ著/ドキュメントシステム訳, PDFリファレンス, ピアソン・エデュケーション, (2001.9).
(13) アドビシステムズ著/ドキュメントシステム訳, PDFリファレンス, ピアソン・エデュケーション, (2001.9).


Marion City Schools is committed to preparing students to be college/career ready.
Marion Harding High School hosts Marion County's only Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps. The program is a pathway for students who hope to join the military after high school and also teaches leadership skills.
Marion City Schools has also launched Graduate Pathways to Success (GPS), which gives high students extra guidance as they experience college classes while still in high school. The program, a partnership with Marion Technical College, lets them take college classes for free.
GEAR UP at Marion City Schools, located at Harding High School, works with students to make them aware of opportunities to attend college through activities including tutoring, mentoring, academic preparation, financial education, and college scholarships.
Simulated Workplace, an initiative shared by Marion City Schools and Rushmore Academy, aims to transform traditional career technical education students into work-ready employees. A simulated workplace classroom gives career technical education students experiences similar to what they would have in the workplace.


This Mother's Day, give Mom a limited edition pendant from Belle Etoile. Featuring hand-painted Italian enamel on pave-set sterling silver, the Key to My Heart Petite Pendant will be a reminder of your everlasting love.
Hand-painted Italian enamel and white stones set into rhodium-plated, nickel allergy-free, 925 sterling silver. Comes with 20" chain. The pendant is 0.75" wide by 1" high.
*Baby Blue & Baby Pink are limited edition colors for Mother's Day and are available while supplies last. To find a retailer near you, visit our store locator.


text:
Q: How can I delete 20% of total rows in cassandra using cqlsh I am trying to delete multiple rows in cassandra cqlsh, but the query does not work, any ideas?
Delete from profile where key in (select key from profile where domain = 'personal');

A: CQL does not allow for statements like you wrote above. You will need to write a script which performs one query in a paging manner and executes the deletes as needed.
Basically the process would be
Fetch a bunch of rows from Profile
Perform your filter
Delete those rows passing the filter
Fetch another bunch of rows
Repeat

For this I would recommend not using CQLSH and work more directly with a C* driver.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
According to Marx, the capitalist mode of production can in the long run exist only as a system of expanded reproduction. But expanded reproduction can only take place if certain proportions are maintained between Department I, which produces the means of production, and Department II, which produces the means of (personal) consumption.
Marx's basic assumptions
Marx developed his diagrams of expanded reproduction in volume II of "Capital" from the diagrams of simple reproduction. Like was the case with simple reproduction, Marx assumed that society consists of only two classes, industrial capitalists and productive workers. Like was the case with the diagrams of simple reproduction, the rate of surplus value is 100 percent. That is, the workers work half the time for themselves and half the time for the industrial capitalists.
The diagrams of expanded reproduction deal only with the capital used up in the annual reproduction process plus the newly accumulated capital. The ratio of constant to variable capital of five-sixth constant to one-sixth variable is preserved. (1) In the diagrams, the capitalist economy is allowed to grow in size but remains qualitatively unchanged.
We have a kind of dynamic equilibrium of economic growth. Marx assumes that half the surplus value is transformed into new capital—capitalized. The other half is consumed unproductively by the capitalists.
This is the big difference between expanded reproduction and the simple reproduction that we explored last week. In simple reproduction, the capitalists consume all the surplus value unproductively. The existing capital is preserved, but there is no accumulation of capital. In the diagrams of expanded reproduction, Marx introduced the accumulation of capital in the framework of reproduction. (2)
Marx developed the following set of equations. The first equation represents Department I and the second Department II. Let's start with Department I.
There is 5,000 worth of constant capital consumed and 1,000 worth of variable capital. Since the rate of surplus value is 100 percent, the surplus value is also 1,000. (3) Adding these numbers together, we get a total annual output of 7,000 means of production. Half of the surplus value of 1,000 will be accumulated, transformed into new capital during the next annual cycle, and half will be consumed unproductively by the capitalists.
The second equation represents the production of Department II, the means of consumption. The constant capital that will have to be replaced is 1,430, the variable capital is 285 and the surplus value is 285. The total production of means of consumption, therefore, is 2,000.
5,000Ic + 1,000Iv + 1,000Is = 7,000
1,430IIc + 285IIc + 285IIs = 2,000
In order to preserve the existing ratio of constant to variable capital required by his method, Marx had five-sixths of the newly created capital in Department I (5/6 x 500) transformed into constant capital and (1/6 x 500) accumulated as new variable capital. This comes to about 417 new constant capital and 83 in new variable capital. (4) Since only variable capital produces surplus value and the rate of surplus value is 100 percent, the surplus value produced by Department I will rise in the next annual reproduction cycle from 1,000 to 1,083.
This calculation is pretty straightforward. The real problem is, how much does Department II have to increase its production to maintain the conditions of expanded reproduction?
Now, the five-sixths of the 500 in surplus value that is to be converted into new constant capital remains within Department I. That leaves one-sixth of 500 of the surplus value that is accumulated by Department I as additional variable capital. This comes to 83 in new variable capital. However, this new potential variable capital is made up of commodities whose material use values consist of means of production.
The workers of Department I cannot be paid in means of production, they must be paid in means of consumption. In order to obtain the necessary means of consumption, Department I must enter into exchange with Department II. The problem that must be solved is how much does the constant capital of Department II have to expand in order to maintain the equilibrium between Department I and Department II. The key to the solution is the equation cII = vI + sI. (5) Remember, simple reproduction is contained within expanded reproduction.
The second equation, which represents the production of the means of consumption, has 1,430 of constant capital, 285 of variable capital and, since the rate of surplus value is 100 percent, 285 in surplus value. We therefore have a total annual production of 2,000 means of consumption before expanded reproduction begins.
Notice that cII has a value of 1,430. However, Iv has a value of 1,000 and sI also 1,000. Now I want to get to the simple reproduction that is contained within the expanded reproduction. Following Marx's assumption, I therefore divide 1,000 by two to get half of sI that will be consumed unproductively by the capitalists of Department I. Remember, the entire output of Department I consists of use values that are totally unsuitable for personal consumption.
Here we notice an inequality. Department I is overproducing by 70 relative to the needs of simple reproduction as illustrated by the expression 1,430cII < 1,000Iv + 500Is. Department I needs an additional 70 in terms of means of personal or unproductive consumption for the capitalists of Department I. Department I will also need an additional 83 in terms of means of consumption—wages—for the additional workers it must hire.
But before the exchange takes place with Department II, the 83 exist only in the form of means of production totally unsuitable for consumption by the newly hired workers of Department I. So Department I will need a total 70 (increased unproductive consumption for the capitalists of I) + 83 (for wages for newly hired workers of I) in consumer goods. In order to meet this additional demand for consumer goods from Department I, cII must in the next annual cycle of reproduction increase from 1,430 to 1,583.
So in the next year—or whatever the reproduction period is—cII has to rise from 1,430 to 1,583.
Now, what about the next term in the second equation, 285IIv? Like in Department I, there is five-sixths constant capital for every one-sixth variable capital. In order to maintain this ratio, Marx simply had to calculate 20 percent of 1583 (one-sixth is 20 percent of five-sixths), which he rounded down to 316. Where does the additional variable capital (316 – 285), or 31, come from? It is deducted from sII just like the additional 153 in cII is. Since the rate of surplus value is 100 percent, this means that sII will also be 316 in the next reproduction cycle. Overall, production of means of consumption therefore must rise from 2,000 to 2,215 (2,000 + 153 + 31 + 31).
Marx continued the calculation through year—or production period—four, the results of which are reproduced below.
5,417c + 1,083v + 1,083s = 7,583
1,583c + 316v + 316s = 2,215
In the above calculations, as previously indicated, Marx kept the organic composition unchanged. If we add in a rise in the organic composition of capital, certain basic laws of motion of capitalist production arise, though for reasons of method Marx did not demonstrate this in volume II of "Capital."
If Iv is allowed to grow more slowly in percentage terms compared to cI, which will be the case if the organic composition of capital is rising in Department I, all other things remaining equal cII will also have to grow more slowly if overproduction in Department II relative to Department I is to be avoided. A rising organic composition of capital means a fall in the rate of profit, the rate of surplus value remaining unchanged.
Since the organic composition of capital can be expected to rise over time, we would expect that Department I—the production of the means of production—will grow faster than Department II (6)—the production of the means of consumption—and the rate of profit will show a tendency to fall.
Marx did not, however, extend his diagrams in volume II to illustrate these tendencies. This is because he didn't introduce the tendency of the rate of profit to fall based on the rise in the organic composition of capital until volume III. So to demonstrate the fall in the rate of profit based on expanded reproduction with a rising rather than a stable organic composition of capital would have been out of place in volume II.
Only after he had written volume III could Marx have produced diagrams that would illustrate expanded reproduction with a rising organic composition if he was to remain true to his method. As far as is known, Marx never actually developed diagrams illustrating expanded capitalist reproduction with a rising organic composition of capital. However, he provided future generations of Marxists with all the necessary tools to do so, and as we will see below this was indeed done in the early years of the last century.
The tables of expanded reproduction and crisis theory
Like was the case with simple reproduction, if things are to proceed smoothly, proportionality must be maintained in both value terms and use value terms. There are plenty of opportunities for things to go wrong and for crises of various types to erupt.
Again, the great majority of Marxists who have dealt with reproduction, whether simple, expanded with an unchanged organic composition, or expanded with a rising organic composition of capital and a falling rate of profit, have ignored the question of money. As we have seen before in these postings, as long as we abstract money, we remain stuck in the world of Say's Law.
We can have an overproduction in Department I relative to Department II or an overproduction in Department II relative to Department I, in terms of use values, values, or both use values and values. But as long as we leave out money, we cannot have a general overproduction of commodities in both Department I and Department II.
Marx, however, did not abstract money. In the case of simple reproduction, Marx assumed that the gold-producing and refining industries produced just enough gold to replace the gold that was lost due to the wear and tear of the circulating gold coinage.
With expanded reproduction, this level of gold production would not be sufficient. It would be necessary, using Marx's assumptions, that currency consists only of full-weight gold coins, that annual gold production not only cover the replacement of the wear and tear of circulating gold coins, but additional gold must be produced in order to circulate the rising quantity of commodities produced both in Department I and Department II—unless there is a pre-existing surplus of gold coins on hand or the velocity of money circulation increases.
But is this really a problem? Can't the state and its "monetary authority" simply increase the amount of "fiat money" as commodity production expands? (7) Or can it? Before we can answer this question, we will have to examine Marx's theory of money, which is found not in volume II of "Capital" but rather at the very beginning of volume I. I will start this examination with next week's post.
As volume II of "Capital" was gradually assimilated by the Marxist movement in the early years of the last century, crisis theories based on disproportionality between the two departments of production became popular. This was the era of the Second International (8) before World War I and the Russian Revolution. In this era, virtually all Marxists called themselves "Social Democrats," including Lenin and other future leaders of the Russian Revolution. (9)
Unlike in the years after the Russian Revolution, the term Social Democrat did not necessarily mean reformist. In those years, while some Social Democrats were indeed reformists, others like Lenin and Rosa Luxemburg were revolutionaries. In addition to the revolutionary wing on the left, represented by Lenin and Luxemburg, on the right were "revisionists" such as the German Social Democrat Edward Bernstein, who was already openly reformist. (10)
There was also a broad "center" that wavered between the two poles. This center, which included such figures as Karl Kautsky, Rudolf Hilferding and Otto Bauer, sometimes made valuable contributions to Marxist theory but tended toward reformism in practice. This period, outside of Russia, was not yet revolutionary. (11) In Western Europe, as well as the United States, these years were somewhat like the first 25 years after World War II, when great capitalist prosperity prevailed. As a consequence, revolution did not seem to be on the immediate agenda.
On the other hand, the prosperity meant that there was a great and growing demand for the commodity labor power. This encouraged the rapid growth of the workers' movement in Western Europe, both at the trade union level and the level of the Social Democratic parties of the Second International. These parties were making great gains in elections, and a Social Democratic majority in the German Reichstag, or parliament, seemed to be only a matter of time. The "progressive" but not revolutionary political atmosphere in the regions lying to the west of the czar's empire encouraged both the development of Marxist theory, on one hand, and reformist practice, on the other. These were the conditions that gave rise to the centrist current in the international Social Democracy.
It is true that disproportionalities between the departments of production—as well as disproportionalities within them—can give rise to crises of various kinds. However, such crises can be seen as mere accidents. Therefore, the more reformist-leaning Social Democratic theoreticians held out the hope that as capitalism became more "organized" through the growing power of the banks, trusts and cartels, the anarchy of production that marks capitalism would grow less intense. Disproportions between Department I and Department II, as well as disproportions within the departments would perhaps grow less intense.
The result would be that crises would become milder as capitalism was gradually transformed into a planned economy. This combined with the growth in the power of the parliaments, along with the growing number of Social Democrats elected to the parliaments, would mark a gradual evolutionary transition from rule by the exploiting capitalist minority to the socialist working-class majority. Like capitalist exploitation itself, the reformists hoped, crises would simply fade away.
Marx's reproduction formulas and the breakdown theory
As we I explained above, Marx carried out his calculations over four periods of expanded reproduction. But in principle, the reproductions formulas can be continued to infinity as long as the rules of expanded reproduction are adhered to. Here capitalism appears as an economic system without limits, even if there are accidental disproportions and crises along the way. The reformists within and around the international Social Democracy were delighted. They had won a great victory over the revolutionary wing of the Social Democracy with the help of Marx himself! Hadn't Marx proved that capitalism could last in effect forever? And hadn't he done so in a much more convincing way than the bourgeois economists themselves?
In this period, the reformist and centrist currents west of the Russian Empire were joined by certain tendencies that arose within Russian Marxism.
As I mentioned last week, the first Russian Marxists had split with the Russian Populists on the issue of whether capitalism could develop at all in Russia. The Russian Marxists used Marx's reproduction diagrams to prove that capitalism could and indeed would develop in Russia. As long as the proper proportions were maintained between Department I and Department II, all the value and surplus value produced by the capitalist economy could be realized. The problem of adequate markets—though perhaps not entirely without frictions and the occasional crisis—would take care of itself. As capitalist industry continued to grow in Russia, and capitalist relations spread in agriculture, the Russian Marxists felt vindicated.
The Russian Marxists in those years did not believe that Russia was on the eve of a socialist revolution. Instead, they held—and this was the belief of Western Marxists as well—that Russia was instead on the eve of a bourgeois revolution. The revolution that was approaching in Russia would sweep away czarist autocracy and feudalism and thus provide far better conditions for the further development of Russian capitalism. Only after Russian capitalism reached a high degree of development would the transition to socialism in Russia be on the agenda.
Bourgeois Russian Marxism
Marx, therefore, appealed not only to early representatives of the Russian proletariat but also to certain representatives of the rising bourgeoisie. These bourgeois Russian Marxists converted Marx into a prophet of capitalism. Hadn't Marx proven, in volume II of "Capital," that capitalism could expand without limit? Hadn't Marx proven that markets would not be a problem as long as the correct proportions of production were maintained? And the correct proportions of production would arise through the normal process of capitalist competition. Though there might be occasional crises along the way, the bourgeois Marxists argued, in the long run the limits of the market were the same as the limits of production. Though Russia's capitalist development was belated relative to the Western Europe, America and even Japan, that would not be a problem. There would be plenty of markets to go around for all the capitalists, both old and new. And who had proved this in the rigorous language of mathematics? Why Karl Marx himself!
These bourgeois Russian Marxists were sometimes called "legal Marxists," since they adapted to czarist legality. Mikhail Tugan-Baranovsky, who was close to Russian legal—or bourgeois—Marxism, used Marx's reproduction tables to prove that capitalism in general and Russian capitalism in particular had a brilliant future ahead of it. It didn't matter, how much capitalism expanded, or even how high the organic composition of capital rose, as long as the right proportions were maintained between Department I and Department II. Just as Say and Ricardo had explained a century before, supply would create its own demand.
Rosa Luxemburg sounds the alarm
Rosa Luxemburg was alarmed. In her struggle against the German "revisionists," Luxemburg had depended heavily on a built-in tendency toward economic collapse within capitalism. In "Reform or Revolution," Luxemburg had foreseen a declining phase of capitalism that would set in when the ability of the world market to expand was finally exhausted.
"Reform or Revolution," the first edition of which was published in 1898, was written during a lull in worldwide capitalist crises. (12) Luxemburg put forward the thesis that the early crises—the ones from 1825 to 1866 plus the Austro-German-American crisis of 1873—had been based on the expansion of the world market. But the crises that would mark the declining phase of capitalism would occur against the background of a world market that would increasingly be losing its ability for further expansion. As time went on, the new markets that the capitalists needed would become fewer and fewer. When "Reform or Revolution" was published, Luxemburg and the Social Democrats outside of Russia were largely unaware of the reproduction tables in volume II of "Capital."
But when Luxemburg did become aware of the reproduction tables of volume II, she was indeed very alarmed. Hadn't Marx himself emphasized that no social order disappears until it had fully developed the productive forces that it was adequate for? For example, feudalism didn't give way to capitalism because capitalism was a "better" or more "just" system, but because the productive forces that were arising from the late middle ages onward could less and less be confined within the narrow limits set by feudal agriculture and guild production.
But didn't the fall in the rate of profit brought about by the rise in the organic composition mean that capitalism would eventually have to give way to socialism? Luxemburg was not convinced by this argument. Why not? As we already have seen, the fall in the rate of profit is accompanied by a rise in the mass of profit. The capitalists are compensated for the fall in the rate of profit by the growth in the size of their capitals. Despite the fall of the rate of profit, profits earned by the capitalist class keep growing. Luxemburg didn't see how the fall in the rate of profit would lead to the end of capitalism before, as she put it, "the sun burned out."
In her the "Accumulation of Capital," first published in 1913, Luxemburg tried to find a flaw in Marx's diagrams of expanded reproduction. She claimed in the "Accumulation" that she had proven that expanded reproduction could not take place in a closed system where every person was either an industrial capitalist or a productive worker. These, remember, were indeed Marx's assumptions in both his tables of simple and expanded reproduction.
Expanded capitalist reproduction, Luxemburg held, was only possible because of the existence of simple commodity production, which existed side by side with the capitalist system. As simple commodity production continued to decline, it would be only a matter of time before the world market would indeed be exhausted just as she had assumed in "Reform and Revolution." Capitalism would then have reached the point where all the productive forces that are adequate for it had been developed. The material base would have then been fully laid for the inevitable transition to socialism. (13)
Few of her fellow Marxists, including most famously Lenin, found the arguments that Luxemburg advanced in the "Accumulation of Capital" convincing. This seemed to leave the fall in the rate of profit as the only built-in barrier to capitalism's ability to develop the productive forces after all. But then what would prevent capitalism from lasting until the sun burned out, to use Luxemburg's words?
The "centrist" Social Democrat Otto Bauer had somewhat earlier offered his own tables of expanded reproduction. Unlike Marx's, these tables featured a rising organic composition of capital and a fall in the rate of profit. Like Marx, Bauer's diagrams covered four periods of reproduction. During these four periods, Department I grows faster than Department II, and the rate of profit falls. Yet the rate of accumulation is maintained.
Bauer accomplished this by having his capitalists gradually increase the part of the surplus capital that is accumulated compared to the part that is consumed unproductively. This seemed to prove—and may have partially inspired—Luxemburg's point that the gradual fall in the rate of profit that would be expected as the organic gradually increased would never lead to the collapse of capitalism.
The ink of the "Accumulation of Capital" had barely dried, before World I broke out. Three years later, revolution broke out in Russia, and contrary to the expectations of the great majority of Russian and Western Marxists alike—the revolution brought the working class to power, and the Russian Revolution assumed a socialist character.
For awhile, it looked as though the Russian revolution would sweep throughout Europe and beyond. Workers' soviets—soviet is Russian for council—covered Germany in 1918. It appeared as though Germany would supplement the Russian Revolution with a powerful revolution of its own. Unlike in Russia, where the economic conditions were far from ripe for socialism according to virtually all Marxists, in Germany with its highly developed and centralized industry, conditions were more favorable for the establishment of a socialist society. Under these conditions, the whole breakdown controversy raised by Rosa Luxemburg seemed rather academic, to say the least.
But after 1923, European capitalism seemed to be entering into a new stage of "stabilization." In that year, N.I. Bukharin, then considered the leading theoretician of the now ruling Soviet Communist Party and the Communist International, launched a renewed attack on Luxemburg's "breakdown theory," which I will examine in future posts.
Bukharin's main point was that a pure capitalist society consisting only of capitalists and workers would have no trouble realizing the value and the surplus value of the commodities it produced as long as the correct proportions of production were maintained. In 1929, however—which happened to be the year that the crisis of 1929-33 began—Henryk Grossman reopened the breakdown debate. He did this by simply extending Bauer's reproduction tables and showed that the dynamic equilibrium of the tables would indeed break down if the calculation were extended far enough. The breakdown controversy was reopened. (14)
I will return to this extremely important question, since it concerns nothing less than the ultimate fate of modern society. But before I do this, I have some unfinished business, since I have to explore the theory of money. I will have to abandon volume II of "Capital" for now in favor of the very beginning of volume I. Once this out of the way, I will be able to take another look at the breakdown controversy.
1 Marx's method made this assumption necessary. If Marx had allowed for a rising organic composition of capital, he would have had to deal with the fall in the rate of profit. However, Marx dealt only with reproduction in volume II, leaving to volume III the tendency of the rate of profit to fall.
2 In contrast, the models developed by the various early neoclassical marginalist economists were static, with no economic growth. Later models of economic growth developed by bourgeois economists are all more or less inspired by Marx's diagrams of expanded reproduction.
3 Marx dealt with both simple and expanded reproduction before he introduced the equalization of the rate of profit and the transformation of values into prices of production for a good reason. If he had worked with prices of production rather than values, the fact that it is the variable capital alone that produces surplus value would have been hidden just like it is to the capitalists in the daily struggle of competition and to the vulgar bourgeois economists who remain stuck in the world of appearances produced by prices of production.
4 Slight errors are introduced into these calculations due to rounding, but the essence of the argument remains unaffected.
5 Unlike the ugly arithmetical values, the simple algebraic equation cII = vI + sI is what the mathematicians call elegant. It is one of the most powerful equations in all economics.
6 The so-called Austrian school of bourgeois economics, which is popular on the libertarian right, almost certainly borrowed the more rapid growth of Department I relative to Department II from Marx. In their terminology, production becomes more "round about" as capitalism develops. In Marxist terms, Department I grows more rapidly than Department II and the organic composition of capital rises. Loyal in principle to Say's Law, the Austrians deny that crises are caused by a general overproduction of commodities in both Department I and Department II, but rather are caused by an overproduction in Department I relative to Department II. I will explore the Austrian school in future posts, but this not yet the place to do it.
7 Both John Maynard Keynes and Milton Friedman solved the problem of "where the money will come from" by referring to the "monetary authority." Both these bourgeois economists rely heavily on the "monetary authority" to produce the crisis-free capitalism both economists claimed was possible if only the governments and their "monetary authorities" followed the policies they recommended.
8 The Second International was founded in 1889 and and ended its progressive role in 1914 when most of the various sections of the international supported their own imperialist governments in World War I. In the years between 1889 and 1914, virtually all Marxists as well as many reformists and labor liberals were members of the Second International.
9 Engels had expressed reservations about the term "Social Democrat." The aim of the workers' movement was not to develop a new form of democratic state, he pointed out, but to overthrow class society entirely and replace it with a classless society where the means of production will be owned in common. The disappearance of class rule and classes themselves imply not a democratic state but the disappearance of the state altogether. At the time of the Russian Revolution, Lenin urged that the term "Social Democrat" be abandoned and replaced by the term "Communist." Since then, "Social Democrat" has been used only by openly reformist tendencies in the workers' movement.
10 At the end of the 19th century, the German Social Democrat Edward Bernstein led a campaign to transform the German Social Democratic Party, SPD, into an openly reformist non-revolutionary party. Bernstein and his supporters became known as "revisionists." In that period, "revisonism" was not an insult but simply expressed the reality that certain Social Democrats had "revised" Marx by rejecting his revolutionary conclusions in favor of reformism.
Much later, after World War II, the leaders of the Chinese Communist Party claimed that the Soviet Communist Party under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev had adopted "revisionist" policies—that is, it had replaced the revolutionary policies of Lenin with reformist policies that were analogous to those urged by Bernstein a half century earlier. Within a few years, however, the term "revisonism" degenerated into a simple political insult, when the Chinese Communists claimed that Khrushchev and his successors had fully restored capitalism in the Soviet Union and even compared the Soviet Union under their leadership to Nazi Germany. The use of the term "revisionist" to describe the policies of the Soviet Communist Party was quietly dropped after Deng Xiao-ping became the de facto head of the Chinese Communist Party in 1978.
11 The growth of imperialism must be kept in mind when examining the evolution of the Social Democracy and the workers' movement in general. Increasingly, the world was being divided into a handful of countries that exploited the rest of the world, and a much larger number of oppressed countries that were either openly converted into colonies, or like China were converted into semi-colonies. This enabled the capitalists of the oppressor nations to use super-profits drawn from the oppressed countries to improve the conditions of a layer of workers in the imperialist countries. This in turn created a basis for reformism and reactionary pro-imperialist policies in general within the workers' movements of the oppressing imperialist countries. For example, Bernstein and other "revisionists" openly supported colonialism. In contrast, colonialism was opposed by the revolutionary wing of the Social Democracy.
12 Between 1825 and 1866, world capitalism was hit by a series of world-wide economic crises, much like the current crisis, which is hitting all countries that are engaged in capitalist production at the same time. In the spring of 1873, Austria and Germany were hit by sharp economic crises, which spread to the United States in the fall of that year. But Britain, still the center of world capitalism, avoided an acute economic crisis, escaping with only some business stagnation.
In the 1880s and 1890s, recessions tended to hit different capitalist countries at different times. In the last part of the decade of 1890s, just before the revisionist controversy broke out, a powerful economic boom set in throughout the capitalist world. The capitalist economists, pointing to these developments, claimed that severe world-wide economic crises were unlikely to occur in the future, a view supported by Bernstein and other revisionists. In "Reform and Revolution," first published in 1898 and aimed at the revisionists, Luxemburg challenged this view.
13 The supporters of the breakdown concept are often accused of passively waiting for capitalism to "automatically" break down. This is clearly completely false in Luxemburg's case. Luxemburg was very much a revolutionary of action who literally died on the revolutionary front lines in 1919. Henryk Grossman, in his work, emphasized that the transition to socialism would not occur automatically due to the purely economic breakdown of capitalism but could occur only through the conscious action of the working class.
14 The begining of the crisis of 1929 and the publication of Grossman's book the same year appears to have been purely coincidental.
One Response to "Disproportionality (pt 3)"
Why Capitalism Requires Expanded Reproduction « A Critique of Crisis Theory Says:
[…] examined the question of simple and expanded reproduction in my main posts, especially here and here. Here I want to focus on the question of why capitalism can't exist as a system of simple […]


President Uhuru Kenyatta of Kenya has announced that the medical professionals who volunteered with the Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone and Liberia will be rewarded for their selflessness and service. President Kenyatta has instructed the Ministry of Health to reward volunteers with a job if they were not already permanently employed.
As he pointed out, "the problem with many of us is that we like to mourn instead of solving problems. You shall remain an inspiration to many others" at a breakfast with the volunteers. Kenyatta hopes that the medical volunteers will be able to inspire others in Kenya to rise up to occasions and actively help rather than be part of the rampant slacktivism that is popular all over the world now.


Salads are the perfect summertime food to me and one style of salad that I like to buy at various restaurants is the southwest salad. I wanted to create a version that I could easily whip up in my kitchen and came up with this Southwest Salad with Cilantro Lime Dressing. We loved how it turned out and my kids are already asking me to make it again! I know we will be making this all summer long because it's so quick and easy to make.
All the salad ingredients can be cooked in the microwave. I started this salad by cooking up some Tyson Grilled and Ready Chicken and sliced it into thin strips. Tyson Grilled and Ready Chicken is the easiest and tastiest grilled chicken that doesn't require a grill! They are also made with white meat and are 100% all natural.
The next ingredient I used to make this salad is the Bird's Eye Protein Southwest Style blend. The Bird's Eye Protein sides can be used as a full meal because they have added protein or they can be used as a side for any course. I love them because they are a quick and easy meal solution that's quickly cooked up in the microwave. The Bird's Eye Southwest Style Blend was perfect for this salad and went well with the Cilantro Lime Dressing.
Place all ingredients into a blender or food processor and blend until smooth. Chill for 4 house and serve chilled. Goes great with salad or wraps.
This salad is so fresh and tasty! I love all the southwest flavors and the added kick of the Cilantro Lime Dressing.
What is your favorite summer style salad? There are many varieties of the Bird's Eye Protein Blends to choose from to make a different style salad like California Style, Asian Style and Italian Style. I found all the ingredients to make this salad at Walmart. Be sure to check out Tyson and Bird's Eye websites for more information on the Bird's Eye Protein Blends and Tyson Grilled and Ready Chicken Breast Filets.


Who doesn't love a good candle?! And a good natural non toxic candle, yes please. They use a 100% cotton braid wick with absolutely no lead or zinc. They pour their candles from soy wax made in the USA with domestically grown crops, 100% vegetable made with pure soybean oil, all natural & biodegradable. They are manufactured meeting FDA standards, Kosher Certified (yes, it is food-grade), free of pesticides, herbicides or other toxic materials and is FREE of genetically modified material! I personally love soy candles as they reduce the soot and toxins and that is so important to me. Plus I am supporting a sustainable crop with my purchase. There are so many wonderful aromas to chose from too. And colors! My personal favorite is the Aspen Winter. I visited Aspen a few years ago and it holds such a special place in my heart so reliving that special vacay in my home this season just gives me all the feels.
Find them in booth 301-302.


Congratulations to Tom Doyle, a wonderful local Washington, DC area writer, who has won a Writers of the Future award! You can see video of Tom accepting his award at the writersofthefuture.com website. Please note – the video of the ceremony is 3 hours long – Tom's piece begins at about 2:20:30.