text:
Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation: Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus
Anuriti Aojula, Hannah Botfield, James Patterson McAllister, Ana Maria Gonzalez, Osama Abdullah, Ann Logan, Alexandra Sinclair
Core Technology Platforms
Background: In an effort to develop novel treatments for communicating hydrocephalus, we have shown previously that the transforming growth factor-β antagonist, decorin, inhibits subarachnoid fibrosis mediated ventriculomegaly; however decorin's ability to prevent cerebral cytopathology in communicating hydrocephalus has not been fully examined. Furthermore, the capacity for diffusion tensor imaging to act as a proxy measure of cerebral pathology in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury has recently been demonstrated. However, the use of diffusion tensor imaging to investigate cytopathological changes in communicating hydrocephalus is yet to occur. Hence, this study aimed to determine whether decorin treatment influences alterations in diffusion tensor imaging parameters and cytopathology in experimental communicating hydrocephalus. Moreover, the study also explored whether diffusion tensor imaging parameters correlate with cellular pathology in communicating hydrocephalus. Methods: Accordingly, communicating hydrocephalus was induced by injecting kaolin into the basal cisterns in 3-week old rats followed immediately by 14 days of continuous intraventricular delivery of either human recombinant decorin (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 6). Four rats remained as intact controls and a further four rats served as kaolin only controls. At 14-days post-kaolin, just prior to sacrifice, routine magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging was conducted and the mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, radial and axial diffusivity of seven cerebral regions were assessed by voxel-based analysis in the corpus callosum, periventricular white matter, caudal internal capsule, CA1 hippocampus, and outer and inner parietal cortex. Myelin integrity, gliosis and aquaporin-4 levels were evaluated by post-mortem immunohistochemistry in the CA3 hippocampus and in the caudal brain of the same cerebral structures analysed by diffusion tensor imaging. Results: Decorin significantly decreased myelin damage in the caudal internal capsule and prevented caudal periventricular white matter oedema and astrogliosis. Furthermore, decorin treatment prevented the increase in caudal periventricular white matter mean diffusivity (p = 0.032) as well as caudal corpus callosum axial diffusivity (p = 0.004) and radial diffusivity (p = 0.034). Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging parameters correlated primarily with periventricular white matter astrocyte and aquaporin-4 levels. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that decorin has the therapeutic potential to reduce white matter cytopathology in hydrocephalus. Moreover, diffusion tensor imaging is a useful tool to provide surrogate measures of periventricular white matter pathology in communicating hydrocephalus.
Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation: Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Decorin Medicine & Life Sciences
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Medicine & Life Sciences
Hydrocephalus Medicine & Life Sciences
Kaolin Medicine & Life Sciences
Aquaporin 4 Medicine & Life Sciences
Internal Capsule Medicine & Life Sciences
Corpus Callosum Medicine & Life Sciences
Aojula, A., Botfield, H., McAllister, J. P., Gonzalez, A. M., Abdullah, O., Logan, A., & Sinclair, A. (2016). Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation: Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, 13(1), [9]. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-016-0033-2
Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation : Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus. / Aojula, Anuriti; Botfield, Hannah; McAllister, James Patterson; Gonzalez, Ana Maria; Abdullah, Osama; Logan, Ann; Sinclair, Alexandra.
In: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, Vol. 13, No. 1, 9, 31.05.2016.
Aojula, A, Botfield, H, McAllister, JP, Gonzalez, AM, Abdullah, O, Logan, A & Sinclair, A 2016, 'Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation: Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus', Fluids and Barriers of the CNS, vol. 13, no. 1, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-016-0033-2
Aojula A, Botfield H, McAllister JP, Gonzalez AM, Abdullah O, Logan A et al. Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation: Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus. Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. 2016 May 31;13(1). 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12987-016-0033-2
Aojula, Anuriti ; Botfield, Hannah ; McAllister, James Patterson ; Gonzalez, Ana Maria ; Abdullah, Osama ; Logan, Ann ; Sinclair, Alexandra. / Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation : Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus. In: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS. 2016 ; Vol. 13, No. 1.
@article{0ff3666c456d4cdba68416945be8f24a,
title = "Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation: Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus",
abstract = "Background: In an effort to develop novel treatments for communicating hydrocephalus, we have shown previously that the transforming growth factor-β antagonist, decorin, inhibits subarachnoid fibrosis mediated ventriculomegaly; however decorin's ability to prevent cerebral cytopathology in communicating hydrocephalus has not been fully examined. Furthermore, the capacity for diffusion tensor imaging to act as a proxy measure of cerebral pathology in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury has recently been demonstrated. However, the use of diffusion tensor imaging to investigate cytopathological changes in communicating hydrocephalus is yet to occur. Hence, this study aimed to determine whether decorin treatment influences alterations in diffusion tensor imaging parameters and cytopathology in experimental communicating hydrocephalus. Moreover, the study also explored whether diffusion tensor imaging parameters correlate with cellular pathology in communicating hydrocephalus. Methods: Accordingly, communicating hydrocephalus was induced by injecting kaolin into the basal cisterns in 3-week old rats followed immediately by 14 days of continuous intraventricular delivery of either human recombinant decorin (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 6). Four rats remained as intact controls and a further four rats served as kaolin only controls. At 14-days post-kaolin, just prior to sacrifice, routine magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging was conducted and the mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, radial and axial diffusivity of seven cerebral regions were assessed by voxel-based analysis in the corpus callosum, periventricular white matter, caudal internal capsule, CA1 hippocampus, and outer and inner parietal cortex. Myelin integrity, gliosis and aquaporin-4 levels were evaluated by post-mortem immunohistochemistry in the CA3 hippocampus and in the caudal brain of the same cerebral structures analysed by diffusion tensor imaging. Results: Decorin significantly decreased myelin damage in the caudal internal capsule and prevented caudal periventricular white matter oedema and astrogliosis. Furthermore, decorin treatment prevented the increase in caudal periventricular white matter mean diffusivity (p = 0.032) as well as caudal corpus callosum axial diffusivity (p = 0.004) and radial diffusivity (p = 0.034). Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging parameters correlated primarily with periventricular white matter astrocyte and aquaporin-4 levels. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that decorin has the therapeutic potential to reduce white matter cytopathology in hydrocephalus. Moreover, diffusion tensor imaging is a useful tool to provide surrogate measures of periventricular white matter pathology in communicating hydrocephalus.",
keywords = "Cytopathology, DTI, Decorin, Hydrocephalus",
author = "Anuriti Aojula and Hannah Botfield and McAllister, {James Patterson} and Gonzalez, {Ana Maria} and Osama Abdullah and Ann Logan and Alexandra Sinclair",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2016 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
journal = "Fluids and Barriers of the CNS",
T1 - Diffusion tensor imaging with direct cytopathological validation
T2 - Characterisation of decorin treatment in experimental juvenile communicating hydrocephalus
AU - Aojula, Anuriti
AU - Botfield, Hannah
AU - McAllister, James Patterson
AU - Gonzalez, Ana Maria
AU - Abdullah, Osama
AU - Logan, Ann
AU - Sinclair, Alexandra
N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2016 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
N2 - Background: In an effort to develop novel treatments for communicating hydrocephalus, we have shown previously that the transforming growth factor-β antagonist, decorin, inhibits subarachnoid fibrosis mediated ventriculomegaly; however decorin's ability to prevent cerebral cytopathology in communicating hydrocephalus has not been fully examined. Furthermore, the capacity for diffusion tensor imaging to act as a proxy measure of cerebral pathology in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury has recently been demonstrated. However, the use of diffusion tensor imaging to investigate cytopathological changes in communicating hydrocephalus is yet to occur. Hence, this study aimed to determine whether decorin treatment influences alterations in diffusion tensor imaging parameters and cytopathology in experimental communicating hydrocephalus. Moreover, the study also explored whether diffusion tensor imaging parameters correlate with cellular pathology in communicating hydrocephalus. Methods: Accordingly, communicating hydrocephalus was induced by injecting kaolin into the basal cisterns in 3-week old rats followed immediately by 14 days of continuous intraventricular delivery of either human recombinant decorin (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 6). Four rats remained as intact controls and a further four rats served as kaolin only controls. At 14-days post-kaolin, just prior to sacrifice, routine magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging was conducted and the mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, radial and axial diffusivity of seven cerebral regions were assessed by voxel-based analysis in the corpus callosum, periventricular white matter, caudal internal capsule, CA1 hippocampus, and outer and inner parietal cortex. Myelin integrity, gliosis and aquaporin-4 levels were evaluated by post-mortem immunohistochemistry in the CA3 hippocampus and in the caudal brain of the same cerebral structures analysed by diffusion tensor imaging. Results: Decorin significantly decreased myelin damage in the caudal internal capsule and prevented caudal periventricular white matter oedema and astrogliosis. Furthermore, decorin treatment prevented the increase in caudal periventricular white matter mean diffusivity (p = 0.032) as well as caudal corpus callosum axial diffusivity (p = 0.004) and radial diffusivity (p = 0.034). Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging parameters correlated primarily with periventricular white matter astrocyte and aquaporin-4 levels. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that decorin has the therapeutic potential to reduce white matter cytopathology in hydrocephalus. Moreover, diffusion tensor imaging is a useful tool to provide surrogate measures of periventricular white matter pathology in communicating hydrocephalus.
AB - Background: In an effort to develop novel treatments for communicating hydrocephalus, we have shown previously that the transforming growth factor-β antagonist, decorin, inhibits subarachnoid fibrosis mediated ventriculomegaly; however decorin's ability to prevent cerebral cytopathology in communicating hydrocephalus has not been fully examined. Furthermore, the capacity for diffusion tensor imaging to act as a proxy measure of cerebral pathology in multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury has recently been demonstrated. However, the use of diffusion tensor imaging to investigate cytopathological changes in communicating hydrocephalus is yet to occur. Hence, this study aimed to determine whether decorin treatment influences alterations in diffusion tensor imaging parameters and cytopathology in experimental communicating hydrocephalus. Moreover, the study also explored whether diffusion tensor imaging parameters correlate with cellular pathology in communicating hydrocephalus. Methods: Accordingly, communicating hydrocephalus was induced by injecting kaolin into the basal cisterns in 3-week old rats followed immediately by 14 days of continuous intraventricular delivery of either human recombinant decorin (n = 5) or vehicle (n = 6). Four rats remained as intact controls and a further four rats served as kaolin only controls. At 14-days post-kaolin, just prior to sacrifice, routine magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging was conducted and the mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, radial and axial diffusivity of seven cerebral regions were assessed by voxel-based analysis in the corpus callosum, periventricular white matter, caudal internal capsule, CA1 hippocampus, and outer and inner parietal cortex. Myelin integrity, gliosis and aquaporin-4 levels were evaluated by post-mortem immunohistochemistry in the CA3 hippocampus and in the caudal brain of the same cerebral structures analysed by diffusion tensor imaging. Results: Decorin significantly decreased myelin damage in the caudal internal capsule and prevented caudal periventricular white matter oedema and astrogliosis. Furthermore, decorin treatment prevented the increase in caudal periventricular white matter mean diffusivity (p = 0.032) as well as caudal corpus callosum axial diffusivity (p = 0.004) and radial diffusivity (p = 0.034). Furthermore, diffusion tensor imaging parameters correlated primarily with periventricular white matter astrocyte and aquaporin-4 levels. Conclusions: Overall, these findings suggest that decorin has the therapeutic potential to reduce white matter cytopathology in hydrocephalus. Moreover, diffusion tensor imaging is a useful tool to provide surrogate measures of periventricular white matter pathology in communicating hydrocephalus.
KW - Cytopathology
KW - DTI
KW - Decorin
KW - Hydrocephalus
JO - Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
JF - Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
M1 - 9


text:
Q: Unable to Copy Audio Channels with Discreet Audio Channel Positions? I'm trying to get a small segment of a ProRes QT clip with multiple PCM (WAV) audio channels which I want to copy to the output video however; whenever I try to copy the audio tracks to the output with the map parameter it uses audio track 1 for every single output audio stream instead of mapping ch 1 -> ch 1, ch 2 -> ch 2, etc.. In the Media Info there is a value called "discreet-0" in the channel position field which may be causing problems. For example:
Audio #1
ID                                       : 2
Format                                   : PCM
Format settings, Endianness              : Little
Format settings, Sign                    : Signed
Codec ID                                 : in24
Duration                                 : 2 min
Bit rate mode                            : Constant
Bit rate                                 : 1 152 kb/s
Channel(s)                               : 1 channel
Channel positions                        : Discrete-0
Sampling rate                            : 48.0 kHz
Bit depth                                : 24 bits
Stream size                              : 17.9 MiB (1%)
Language                                 : English
Encoded date                             : UTC 2016-06-19 23:57:56
Tagged date                              : UTC 2016-06-19 23:57:56

My command looks like this:
C:\ffmpeg-20160913\bin\ffmpeg -i "C:\TEST\input.mov" -map 0:0 -vcodec prores -profile:v 2 -ss 00:00:10 -t 00:00:05 -map 0:1 -acodec copy -map 0:2 -acodec copy -map 0:3 -acodec copy -map 0:4 -acodec copy -map 0:5 -acodec copy -map 0:6 -acodec copy -map 0:7 -acodec copy -map 0:8 -acodec copy -map 0:9 -acodec copy -map 0:10 -acodec copy -map 0:11 -acodec copy "test.prores.mov" -loglevel verbose

My ffmpeg output:
C:\ffmpeg-20160913\bin>C:\ffmpeg-20160913\bin\ffmpeg -i "C:\TEST\input.mov" -map 0:0 -vcodec prores -profile:v 2 -ss 00:00:10 -t 00:00:05 -map 0:1 -acodec copy -map 0:2 -acodec copy -ma
p 0:3 -acodec copy -map 0:4 -acodec copy -map 0:5 -acodec copy -map 0:6 -acodec copy -map 0:7 -acodec copy -map 0:8 -acodec copy -map 0:9 -acodec copy -map 0:10 -acodec copy -map 0:11 -
acodec copy "test.prores.mov" -loglevel verbose
ffmpeg version N-81646-gc19da0c Copyright (c) 2000-2016 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 5.4.0 (GCC)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --disable-w32threads --enable-dxva2 --enable-libmfx --enable-nvenc --enable-avisynth --enable-bzlib --enable-libebur128 --enable-fontconf
ig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libi
lbc --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenh264 --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-librtmp --enable-li
bschroedinger --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx
 --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-decklink --enable-zlib
  libavutil      55. 29.100 / 55. 29.100
  libavcodec     57. 55.101 / 57. 55.101
  libavformat    57. 48.103 / 57. 48.103
  libavdevice    57.  0.102 / 57.  0.102
  libavfilter     6. 62.100 /  6. 62.100
  libswscale      4.  1.100 /  4.  1.100
  libswresample   2.  1.100 /  2.  1.100
  libpostproc    54.  0.100 / 54.  0.100
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.1 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.2 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.3 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.4 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.5 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.6 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.7 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.8 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.9 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.10 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.11 : mono
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.12 : mono
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'C:\TEST\input.mov':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : qt
    minor_version   : 537199360
    compatible_brands: qt
    creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
  Duration: 00:02:10.17, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 153843 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(eng): Video: prores, 1 reference frame (apch / 0x68637061), yuv422p10le(bt709), 1920x1080, 139955 kb/s, SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9, 23.98 fps, 23.98 tbr, 24k tbn, 24k tbc (default
)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      encoder         : Apple ProRes 422 (HQ)
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:2(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:3(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:4(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:5(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:6(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:7(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:8(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:9(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:10(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:11(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:12(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, 1 channels, s32 (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:13(eng): Data: none (tmcd / 0x64636D74) (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
File 'test.prores.mov' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 00000000004f8b00] w:1920 h:1080 pixfmt:yuv422p10le tb:1/24000 fr:24000/1001 sar:1/1 sws_param:flags=2
[mov @ 000000000046f000] Using AVStream.codec to pass codec parameters to muxers is deprecated, use AVStream.codecpar instead.
    Last message repeated 11 times
Output #0, mov, to 'test.prores.mov':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : qt
    minor_version   : 537199360
    compatible_brands: qt
    encoder         : Lavf57.48.103
    Stream #0:0(eng): Video: prores, 1 reference frame (apcn / 0x6E637061), yuv422p10le, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 0.04 fps, 24k tbn, 23.98 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
      encoder         : Lavc57.55.101 prores
    Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:2(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:3(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:4(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:5(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:6(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:7(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:8(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:9(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:10(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
    Stream #0:11(eng): Audio: pcm_s24le (in24 / 0x34326E69), 48000 Hz, mono (24 bit), 1152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2016-06-19T23:57:56.000000Z
      handler_name    : Apple Alias Data Handler
      timecode        : 00:00:00:00
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (prores (native) -> prores (native))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (copy)
  Stream #0:2 -> #0:2 (copy)
  Stream #0:3 -> #0:3 (copy)
  Stream #0:4 -> #0:4 (copy)
  Stream #0:5 -> #0:5 (copy)
  Stream #0:6 -> #0:6 (copy)
  Stream #0:7 -> #0:7 (copy)
  Stream #0:8 -> #0:8 (copy)
  Stream #0:9 -> #0:9 (copy)
  Stream #0:10 -> #0:10 (copy)
  Stream #0:11 -> #0:11 (copy)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
No more output streams to write to, finishing.e=00:00:05.01 bitrate=187170.8kbits/s speed=0.874x
frame=  120 fps= 21 q=-0.0 Lsize=  122642kB time=00:00:05.01 bitrate=200336.3kbits/s speed=0.869x
video:114881kB audio:7742kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.015734%
Input file #0 (C:\TEST\input.mov):
  Input stream #0:0 (video): 383 packets read (243519202 bytes); 383 frames decoded;
  Input stream #0:1 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:2 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:3 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:4 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:5 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:6 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:7 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:8 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:9 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:10 (audio): 752 packets read (2306304 bytes);
  Input stream #0:11 (audio): 706 packets read (2165232 bytes);
  Input stream #0:12 (audio): 0 packets read (0 bytes);
  Input stream #0:13 (data): 0 packets read (0 bytes);
  Total: 8609 packets (268747474 bytes) demuxed
Output file #0 (test.prores.mov):
  Output stream #0:0 (video): 120 frames encoded; 120 packets muxed (117638160 bytes);
  Output stream #0:1 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:2 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:3 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:4 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:5 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:6 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:7 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:8 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:9 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:10 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Output stream #0:11 (audio): 235 packets muxed (720720 bytes);
  Total: 2705 packets (125566080 bytes) muxed

Any idea on what's causing this?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The UKDP team works throughout Cambridgeshire and the surrounding areas, and we appreciate that there are a number of more rural areas where properties aren't able to connect to a main sewer.
Are you having septic tank or soakaway problems in Cambridgeshire?
Are you looking to install a septic tank in Cambridgeshire, or does your current septic tank need a little TLC?
Our team covers the Cambridgeshire area, so call our friendly team today on 0800 028 9903 or contact us here.
We cover Cambridgeshire and all surrounding areas.


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Use the Contact Us form on this page to request detailed information.


text:
Diploma from Normal College in the City of New York
Diploma, Normal College in the City of New York, Bachelor of Arts degree awarded to Marion Schlang....
Entrance to Campus Grounds, City College, New York.
The City College of New York Sesquicentennial
[Questions for alumni of the College of New York.]
Letter from E. P. Wheeler dated April 22, 1870.
[The stadium at the City College.]
Barnard College. New York.
Barnard College, N. Y. City.
Yew Tree, Columbia University.
Copyright by M. E. Witte 1917.
[School girls from Normal College.]
Teachers College, Barnard College and Columbia University
Presented by The West End Association to Cyrus Clark its President from 1889 to 1903. New York, December...
King's College 1756-1784 - Columbia College 1784-1857
Engraved by W.M. Aikman from a Photograph. Engraved for the Society of Iconophiles, 1907.
Columbia University College of Pharmacy at the City of New York Eighty Eighth Annual Commencement
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art Forty-fifth Annual Commencement
Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art Fifty-fifth Annual Commencement
The Abbott Memorial Fund
List of subscribers as of January 10, 1902.
Y.H.P.
Yale, Harvard, Princeton. Cigar box label.
Old City College.
Photographs, Prints & Drawings Photographs, Prints & Drawings
Brooklyn Law School. Auditorium.
Located at 375 Pearl Street, Brooklyn.
Brooklyn Law School. Clerk's office.
Brooklyn Law School. Registrar's office.
Brooklyn Law School. Miss Swenson's office.
Brooklyn Law School. Combined copy of G-S 19709-19711.
Located at 375 Pearl Street, Brooklyn. Copies of G-S 19709, 19710 and 19711.
Brooklyn Law School. Faculty consultation room.
Brooklyn Law School. Main office II.
Brooklyn Law School. Main office III.
Sports, Field Sports, Univ. of California & Penn.
Track and field athletes from the University of California and the University of Pennsylvania on their...
A track and field athlete from the University of California or the University of Pennsylvania doing the...
[College of Physicians and Surgeons Lectures and Examinations]
1828-29 session. Lectures and examinations for Mr. William Smith.
I'm Cool, I Support the PSC In Rebuilding City University
Education Is a Right
Fund CUNY PSC Contract Now
University Medical Commencement
May 5, 1812J. Kennedy sc.
Opening of the College of Physicians and Surgeons
University of the State of New-York. College of Physicians and Surgeons
A meeting of the Trustees of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in the City of New-York.
University of the State of N York. Obstetrics and the Diseases of Women & Children
By John W. Francis, M.D. & P. Session of 1825-1826
Lectures on the Institutes of Medicine, and Forensic Medicine.
University of the State of New-York. College of Physicians and Surgeons. By John W. Francis, M.D. & P....
Lectures on the Materia Medica
University of the State of New-York. College of Physicians and Surgeons. Circular.
[Rules and regulations for the students of the College of the City of New York.]
Sent from the President's Office, September 8, 1882.
College of the City of New York. The Class of '78 requests the pleasure of your company at the Commencement Exercises
Hunter College of the City of New York. Evening Commercial Courses for Women
Barnard Commencement
Clionian Society. Eighteenth Anniversary.
April 27, 1869. Printed by J. F. Haviland, New York.
Kelly Prize Debate between the Literary Societies of the College of the City of New York
The College of the City of New York Twenty-sixth Annual Commencement
Twelfth Annual Commencement of the Free Academy of the City of New York
[Nassau Hall, Princeton University.]
Adolph Werner - Scholar, Teacher, Friend
To commemorate fifty years of service at the College of the City of New York. June 1907
New York U. - Fordham
Triboro Stadium, November 29, 1952.Published by Robert W. Kelly Publishing Corp., New York.
Fordham - New York U.
CCNY 1920
Broadway and 131st Street [Broadway & 43rd Street to End of Broadway]
Manhattan College, (Christian Brothers,) Corner of Broadway and One Hundred and Thirty-first street.|...
City College, New York.
College of City of New York.
[First class to receive bachelor degrees at Hunter College.]
Brooklyn Law School. Dean's office I.
Photograph (1748)
Bronx (New York, N.Y.) (113)
Brooklyn (New York, N.Y.) (88)
Manhattan (New York, N.Y.) (1616)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>ModulusFilter</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta name="date" content="2018-04-23">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../stylesheet.css" title="Style">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../jquery/jquery-ui.css" title="Style">

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<input type="text" id="search" value=" " disabled="disabled">
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Package lejos.robotics.filter

Class ModulusFilter

<map id="G" name="G">
<area shape="rect" id="node1_0" href="./AbstractFilter.html" title="lejos.robotics.filter.AbstractFilter" alt="" coords="107,11,346,123"/>
<area shape="rect" id="node1" href="./AbstractFilter.html" title="<TABLE>" alt="" coords="97,5,357,128"/>
<area shape="rect" id="node2_1" href="./ModulusFilter.html" title="lejos.robotics.filter.ModulusFilter" alt="" coords="16,181,437,293"/>
<area shape="rect" id="node2" href="./ModulusFilter.html" title="<TABLE>" alt="" coords="5,176,448,299"/>
</map>

java.lang.Object

lejos.robotics.filter.AbstractFilter

lejos.robotics.filter.ModulusFilter

All Implemented Interfaces:

SampleProvider

public class ModulusFilter
extends AbstractFilter

Simple filter that adjusts the sample to use a specified zero value mod a given value

Field Summary

Fields

Modifier and Type
Field and Description

(package private) float
modulus

(package private) float[]
sample

private float[]
zeroValue

Fields inherited from class lejos.robotics.filter.AbstractFilter

sampleSize, source

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description

ModulusFilter(SampleProvider source,
             float[] zeroValue,
             float modulus)

Method Summary

All Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods

Modifier and Type
Method and Description

void
fetchSample(float[] sample,
           int offset)

Fetches a sample from a sensors or filter.

Methods inherited from class lejos.robotics.filter.AbstractFilter

sampleSize

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

zeroValue

private float[] zeroValue

sample

float[] sample

modulus

float modulus

Constructor Detail

ModulusFilter

public ModulusFilter(SampleProvider source,
                     float[] zeroValue,
                     float modulus)

Method Detail

fetchSample

public void fetchSample(float[] sample,
                        int offset)

Description copied from interface: SampleProvider

Fetches a sample from a sensors or filter.

Specified by:

fetchSample in interface SampleProvider

Overrides:

fetchSample in class AbstractFilter

Parameters:

sample - The array to store the sample in.

offset - The elements of the sample are stored in the array starting at the offset position.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Corporate Memphis oder Flat Art ist ein Begriff, der einen flachen, geometrischen Kunststil beschreibt, der in den späten 2010er und frühen 2020er Jahren häufig mit Big-Tech-Illustrationen in Verbindung gebracht wurde. Der Name spielt auf den farblich ähnlichen Stil der Mailänder Gruppe Memphis an, die in den 1980er Jahren postmoderne Möbel-, Textil und Keramikdesigns entwickelten und für ihre bunten, kindlich wirkenden geometrischen Formen bekannt sind.

Herkunft
Flat Art entwickelte sich durch die Verbreitung von Vektorgrafikprogrammen und aufgrund einer Nostalgie für moderne Illustrationen aus der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Der Trend setzte sich in der redaktionellen Illustration und vor allem in der Technologiebranche durch, die mit einfachen, skalierbaren Illustrationen arbeiteten, um Weißraum zu füllen und Apps und Webseiten optische Inhalte zu geben. Der Stil wurde weithin populär, als Facebook 2017 das Illustrationssystem Alegria einführte, das auf diesen Stil setzte.

Eigenschaften
Häufige Motive sind flache menschliche Figuren in Aktion, mit unproportionalen Merkmalen wie langen und gebogenen Gliedmaßen, kleinen Oberkörpern, minimalen oder gar keinen Gesichtszügen und leuchtenden Farben ohne jegliche Übergänge. Facebooks Grafikwerkzeug Alegria verwendet nicht-repräsentative Hautfarben wie Blau und Violett, um universellere Bilder zu erzeugen, obwohl einige Künstler, die in diesem Stil arbeiten, realistischere Hautfarben und Merkmale bevorzugen.

Einzelnachweise

Kunststil
Design

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Much to my surprise in December last, I received a particularly choice box of seeds, and your polite note requesting a return of the native seeds of Augusta. In truth, my dear Sir, I much fear you have bestowed your liberality on one whose chief pleasure is her Garden, but who does not enter the lists as a Florist, much less a Botanist. If we were nearer, I should much hesitate to accept so magnificent a present of so many long wished for Seeds, and as all my former pursuits have necessarily been thrown aside (by the peremptory demand of my personal attention to my children and domestic drudgery), I feel that it will be long ere I can make any adequate return in Australian productions.
We have already collected some seeds, as your box just arrived at the proper season. I am not even acquainted with the names of the native plants. I will, however, enclose a leaf and description of the flower in each paper. I had some dried plants by me from the Vasse, a country apparently possessing some exquisite floral beauties, which I feel most happy in being able to send, and when I obtain a sufficiency to make up a small box, I will despatch it and retain the large one until I am blest with more leisure than at present. Another impediment to our being able to procure seeds is our approaching removal to the Vasse, where Captain Molloy's larger grant is situated, but if you do not hear from me shortly, I trust that you will not consider me negligent or unmindful of your humble request. I have put some of my old acquaintances (of whom there are but few in this busy Colony) in requisition, and shall feel myself in duty bound to transmit to you their labours.  Although my brother George was anxious to employ me as a collector also my time is so much infringed on I have not as yet sent him any specimens.
It is with much regret that I leave dear Augusta. Our climate is so heavenly and the scenery is so superior to other settlements, the flowers scentless but minutely beautiful. I am told we possess many unknown in the other parts of this Colony.


Still lifes, which suited both Cézanne's character and his method of working, held the artist's interest throughout his career. Following on from the painters of the Dutch and Spanish schools, who devoted much attention to the "silent life", Cézanne was sensitive to the poetry of everyday objects. But rather than Vermeer, Zurbarán or Goya, it is the name of Chardin that comes to mind. Thus, in order to create an illusion of depth, Cézanne often used, as here, the device of a knife placed at an angle, a technique already borrowed from Chardin by Manet.
Alongside the onions, whose spherical shape was appropriate for Cézanne's experiments into volume, he represents some simple objects. As well as the knife, there is a bottle, a glass and a plate. His repeated use of this type of article in his still life paintings reveals that the painter was focusing his interest on the layout of the objects, the treatment of space, and on studying the effects of light on shapes. On the table, as he often did in his later still lifes, Cézanne has introduced some drapery for decorative effect, which takes away the rigorously established construction. The fabric, like the bottle, stands out against a totally empty and neutral background, a factor that distinguishes this work from other, later still lifes, which are more crowded.
We can also see here the introduction of a new system of representation, one that Cézanne would subsequently develop, and that would open the way to Cubism. Whereas the bottle and the frieze on the table are shown frontally, the perspective of the tabletop is much more raked: in the same composition, objects are painted from several different viewpoints.


Havana Sunglasses Womens Gg0243s oval-frame sunglasses Sunglasses for Sale : Oval frames, grey lenses, tortoiseshell effect, gold-toned lettering, perforated tip. Havana Gg0243s oval-frame sunglasses, Aviators Sunglasses Womens Outlet, 97616689. Frame width 15cm.
Havana Sunglasses Womens Gg0243s oval-frame sunglasses Defined by their wide tortoiseshell oval frames, the GG0243 sunglasses are complemented with gold-toned lettering and perforated tips, finished with branded lenses. Online is easy to wear and available in a selection of various colors. Snap it up. Synonymous with feminine style and flawless Italian craftsmanship 's 97 years of excellence have earned it a revered reputation.


Schedule a Drivetrain Repair Appointment!
You rely on your vehicle to keep you safe on the road. Over time, gears and bearings within the various components of your engine wear out and can result in safety issues. By properly maintaining the drivetrain, you can keep your vehicle running smoothly. Regular maintenance, such as keeping the CV joints lubricated, is less time-consuming and costly than completing a major repair or replacing one of the components.
The drivetrain, also referred to as the driveline and powertrain, is not a single part of the car. It is a complex system consisting of several components working together including the driveshaft, differential, clutch, axles, transmission, CV joints, U-joints, and wheels. It is responsible for transferring engine power to the wheels. There are different drivetrain arrangements based on whether your vehicle is front-wheel, rear-wheel, or all-wheel drive.
When one or more parts within the drivetrain fail, your vehicle's performance suffers. If you drive your car frequently, you will eventually need to replace worn parts. Taking your car or truck into the shop as soon as you recognize the following symptoms can prevent additional damage and expense.
The vehicle shudders when accelerating from a low speed or stop. The U-joints or bushings may be rusted or worn.
Loud clunking or knocking when in drive and when in reverse. The likely culprit is the drive shaft.
Vehicle shifts abruptly or slips out of gear while driving. Likely culprits are either a faulty torque converter or low fluid levels due to a leak.
Shaking coming from underneath the vehicle, regardless of speed. It may indicate the U-joint or bushings are failing.
Whether you bring your car in for routine maintenance or because of symptoms affecting performance, we conduct automotive diagnostics to gain more insight into the vehicle's operation. These tests provide data on the overall health of the drivetrain and analyze small issues that could cause major headaches and expense down the road. Our experienced technicians check each area to diagnose the situation and pinpoint the exact problem. Once identified, we will recommend a course of action to get your car back into top performing condition.
Let Us Remedy Your Driveline Issues!
Our technicians take the time to help you understand what needs to be done and why so you can make an educated decision on the repairs that should be completed. If it's been more than a year since your last checkup or if something doesn't feel quite right, contact us today to schedule an appointment.


text:
Korean survival horror-adventure The Coma 2: Vicious Sisters Announced
by William Lockwood	- Website
William is a freelance writer and illustrator living in South Carolina. When he's not playing videogames and watching movies, he's working on writing and illustrating his own fantasy series. Samples of his work can be seen on his art page at https://harrym32.deviantart.com/gallery/
Developer Devespresso Games has just announced The Coma 2: Vicious Sisters, a follow-up to the original 2015 Korean survival horror-adventure The Coma. In this newest entry, you play as Mina Park and must venture from your deserted school into the warped Sehwa district as you encounter an engaging cast of characters, solve puzzles, discover revealing clues, and fight for survival against a relentless psycho.
Per the developer, the game's features include:
• Avoid a psychotic killer hellbent on ending your life, now with an all-new AI.
• Craft items to prepare for critical life-or-death situations or risk permanent injury.
• Explore the nightmarish district of Sehwa and discover its dark secrets.
• Scavenge resources to survive deadly encounters and inflictions.
• Unlock tools and upgrades to reach previously inaccessible areas. Hide to avoid detection and certain death. Pass challenges to conceal your location.
• Featuring vibrant, hand-illustrated in-game visuals and comic strips.
Currently, The Coma 2: Vicious Sisters is set for release on Windows, OSX, Linux, PS4, Xbox One, and Switch, although no firm release date has been set yet.
Check out the brand new trailer below!


text:
Learn Meditation
Live Mindfully
Find Meaning
Our Sensory Connection to Compassion & Understanding
by Meditopia Meditopia
I like sleeping with a heavy blanket; it's just easier to drift off to sleep when I feel its weight. I can never read while I'm in a moving car or I'll start to feel nauseous. I can watch TV while knitting and keep track of both my knitting and what's on the screen. I can't work while music is playing in the background or I won't be able to concentrate and I can't stand the smell of petrol.
These little details that I've presented about myself may appear to be random. But they are, in fact, connected to each other in the context of the sensory makeup of my body. All the things I've listed are related to my sensory system in one way or another and all of these senses then determine my preferences. So, in other words, the things that we want and prefer, have more to do with our senses rather than our own will or desires.
Our senses shape our lives
In school, most of us learned that we had 5 senses, but science tells us otherwise. Sight, smell, touch, hearing, and taste are of course among our primary senses. But other senses can be added to the list including: the vestibular system, proprioception, and interoception.
The vestibular system makes up our sense of balance and spatial perception. For instance, this sense makes us capable of being able to feel and understand that we're riding in an elevator even when our eyes are closed. Proprioception is being able to tell where we feel something in or on our bodies without having to look. For example, the aches and pains we feel in our bodies after a heavy workout is an example of proprioception.
Interoception, on the other hand, relates to our bowels. This includes our bowel movements, feelings of happiness, allergic reactions, and even when we're feeling that intuitive hunch about something.
So how can being aware of our eight sense be beneficial to us? Well, as we start to better understand that our individual senses determine our preferences, we will also begin to realize that we don't have all that much control over our senses. This acknowledgement can help us be more compassionate and understanding not only of ourselves but others. That means that perhaps when others act on or express preferences contrary to our own, rather than taking it personally, we can simply understand that their senses are different from our own.
Is it possible to not be upset by the fact that your girlfriend didn't like the flowers you got her? It is when you consider that the flowers' scent may have been too strong for her senses but not your own. Couldn't acknowledging this single fact keep you from being offended or upset in the first place?
Of course, we can't weigh every action taken by ourselves and others in a mechanical, logical manner. But being able to see the reasons behind various actions, even if only partially, will help us calm ourselves when we need to.
Pay attention to your senses
Being able to see the needs of our senses allows us to live a more comfortable life. Our senses don't simply come out and say "I'm your proprioception and right now I need stimulation" or "I'm your vestibular system and I need to be fed". Instead, they encourage us to play tennis or jump into a children's ball pit. The temptations and desire we feel to partake in such activities are clear marks of our proprioception and vestibular system.
We've said that proprioception accounts for how we sense our bodies, and our muscles and bones are included in this system. Consider body builders for a moment. The reason they feel such a rush of endorphins and invigoration is because their proprioception craves these intense workouts. Even those grueling and exhausting workouts can feel so satisfying and energizing for these individuals. So, if there's anyone around you that you think spends too much time in the gym, consider the situation from this angle.
Now let's go back to our vestibular system. Certain kinds of movements regulate this system such as jumping, spinning, or swaying from side to side… Personally, I can't even picture myself spinning around and around. The image itself is enough to make me feel nauseous. Jumping up and down or swinging on a swing, however, are very enjoyable and calming for me.
What about with you? What kinds of movements and actions feel good to you? You may enjoy roller coasters, for example, but your friend may find this to be very unpleasant. Why? Because their vestibular systems do not enjoy this sensation.
It may take practice to view the senses of others and ourselves from this perspective. We've been acquainted with our five senses since we were kids, learning how to rely on our hearing, smell, sight, and the like. But going beyond these five senses can change our outlook on life.
How? Let's say you prepared a great breakfast for you and your friends. You really put in a lot of effort and even got all of those fancy cheeses and fruits to include in the spread. And yet, one of your guests hardly touches any of the fruits and cheeses, and you feel a bit annoyed by this.
Yet think of a food you don't like; something that really doesn't get along with your taste buds. In a moment like this, can you consider that your guests' senses simply did not find the food appealing and that it has nothing to do with you, your hospitality, or your ability to cook? Think of all of the situations similar to this, big and small, that we allow to offend and upset us. Most of the time it's not because of any personal grievance or issue someone else has with you, but rather a reflection of their own senses and preferences.
How would you like to respond to situations like this in the future?
Our senses bring us closer to understanding and compassion
Because our sensory needs shape our preferences, something that's very normal for us may seem abnormal to someone else. The opposite may happen as well, leading us to believe that the person before us doesn't take us into account when making certain choices.
But if we embrace compassion, we can stop ourselves from turning our personal perceptions into our automatic behaviors. Everyone's senses operate at a different level, meaning that everyone's needs are different. While this may sound pretty obvious, think of your day to day life and how often you find yourself feel flustered or annoyed by someone else's lifestyle or preferences? It's a burden we place on ourselves to take such preferences as personal attacks on our own way of living.
Take a look at the world around you and even at yourself. But this time, try to do it with new eyes. Do you think you can approach the people around with more understanding as you rediscover yourself?
Ready for transformation?
Join Meditopia free for 7 days.
Toxic Perfectionism: We're Killing Ourselves
In this article, we'll define what exactly a perfectionist is and how we can help ourselves overcome our perfectionist tendencies.
What signs should I look for to determine whether my romantic relationship is healthy or whether I should worry about it? In this article we will go over the elements that are necessary for a healthy relationship based on respect and reciprocity. Love is, of course, one of the essential ingredients necessary for a blossoming relationship, but it is not the only one to take into account when deciding whether we should stay in the relationship with our partner.
We're all afraid of something. Yet how can we prevent our fears from controlling our decisions and holding us back from our full potential? In today's blog, we'll share the experiences of one of our users who worked through her fears to finally live the life she always wanted.


text:
Foundations of Literary Theory
Foundations of Literary Theory: The Nineteenth Century
The great outburst of literary theory in the eighteenth century was instrumental in establishing literary theory in the nineteenth century as an area of intellectual activity. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, more than anyone transformed both the status and the nature of literary theory. Arguing that questions about poetry and literature could lead to a structured system of assessment and judgements that had a validity that was different only in degree from that found in the physical sciences, Coleridge gave new authority to the "imaginative sciences".
The texts reprinted in this set cogently represent the emergence of literary theory as a new branch of literature.


In case you're more worried about getting cash and plunder from crushing as opposed to leveling, you'll have to find the best hotspots for these. You'll find where these are as you play through the diversion. On the off chance that you have observed any animals, otherwise called Mobs, that appear to exceptionally remunerate you with great plunder or gold when murdered, return and return to these territories to build your riches. On the off chance that you require some additional assistance, the MobInfo-2 AddOn will significantly profit you . Learn about more, please visit the site.


10 August 2010, at 10:48a.m.
US - Pulsed ultraviolet (UV) light has potential to decontaminate egg shell surfaces of Salmonella enteritidis without adversely affecting egg quality, according to research at Pennsylvania State University.
Nene Keklik and colleagues at Pennsylvania State University have published a paper in the August 2010 issue of Journal of Food Protection on their studies into pulsed UV light inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis on egg shells and its effects on egg quality.
The majority of S. Enteritidis outbreaks have been related to the consumption of raw or undercooked eggs or egg-containing foods, according to Keklik and co-authors. Therefore, the US Department of Agriculture mandates egg washing for all graded eggs by use of a detergent solution and sanitiser. These agencies and the egg industry have been investigating alternative decontamination techniques, which could better serve the public, minimise costs, and benefit both the public and the industry.
Pulsed UV light is an emerging technology that is used to inactivate microorganisms quickly. In this study, the effectiveness of pulsed UV light was evaluated for the decontamination of eggshells.
Eggs inoculated with S. Enteritidis on the top surface at the equator were treated with pulsed UV light from one to 30 seconds, at a distance of 9.5 and 14.5cm from the UV lamp in a laboratory-scale, pulsed UV light chamber. Three eggs were used per treatment in each repetition, except for quality measurements, which involved six eggs per treatment in each repetition.
A maximum log reduction of 5.3 colony-forming units (CFU) per square centimetre was obtained after a 20-second treatment at 9.5cm below the UV lamp at a total dose of 23.6 ± 0.1 J/cm2, without any visual damage to the egg.
After a 30-second treatment at 9.5 and 14.5cm, the temperature of eggshell surfaces increased by 16.3 and 13.3°C, respectively. Energy usage increased up to 35.3 ± 0.1 and 24.8 ± 0.1 J/cm2, after 30-second treatments at 9.5 and 14.5cm, respectively.
The effect of pulsed UV light treatments on egg quality was also evaluated. Pulsed UV-light treatments for three, 10, and 20 seconds at either 9.5 or 14.5cm did not change the albumen height, egg shell strength or cuticle presence significantly (P<0.05).
This study demonstrated that pulsed UV light has potential to decontaminate eggshell surfaces, concluded Keklik and co-authors.
Keklik, N.M., Demirci A., Patterson P.H. and Puri V.M. 2010. Pulsed UV light inactivation of Salmonella Enteritidis on eggshells and its effects on egg quality. Journal of Food Protection, 73 (8): 1408-1415.


text:
<?php
require_once 'lib/Test-More.php';
require_once '../inc/config_inc.php';
require_once '../inc/utils.php';

diag("getEmailHeaders");

plan(4);

$header = getEmailHeaders('Bob', 'bob@mail.com');
$headers = explode("\r\n", $header);

is($headers[0], 'From: Bob <bob@mail.com>', 'from');
is($headers[1], 'Reply-To: bob@mail.com', 'reply-to');
is($headers[2], 'Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8;', 'content charset');
is($headers[3], 'MIME-Version: 1.0', 'mime');


Union Pacific Corp. on July 19 reported second-quarter net income of $1.51 billion, a 29% increase over $1.17 billion in the year-ago period.
Diluted earnings per share was $1.98, up 36% from $1.45 in the second quarter of 2017. Analysts' estimates called for $1.94 a share.
The railroad's revenue grew 8% to $5.67 billion, compared with $5.3 billion in 2017. That exceeded the $5.6 billion analysts expected.
While earnings were better than anticipated, CEO Lance Fritz said there still is room for improvement. He pointed to a shortage of train crews, relay delays at switching yards and a collapsed tunnel in Oregon, which forced the railroad to reroute traffic through Utah.
Union Pacific's operating ratio, an industry benchmark of efficiency, worsened to 63% in the first quarter of 2018, compared with 61.9% in 2017. A railroad's operating ratio is calculated by dividing operating expenses by total revenue, with lower numbers indicating greater efficiency.
Union Pacific's expenses increased to $3.6 billion. Fuel costs, which jumped 48% to $643 million, accounted for much of the increase.


text:
Home > Uncategorized > álex gonzález wife
álex gonzález wife
Help keep Álex González profile up to date. Álex González has been in an on-screen matchup with Adriana Ugarte in Combustión (2013). Alex had at least 3 relationship in the past. They began playing in the United States in 1993 and influenced other bands with their success to play in the U.S., too. Login to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. Álex González was born on August 13, 1980 in Madrid, Spain as Augusto Alejandro José González. Milwaukee Brewers released 1B Alex Gonzalez. However, until recently it was known only as the boyfriend of the famous girls. "Jeopardy!" Alexander Scott Gonzalez (born April 8, 1973) is a former Major League Baseball infielder, who spent the majority of his 13-year career with the Toronto Blue Jays.Gonzalez established a career-high with 20 home runs for the Chicago Cubs in 2003 and hit 20 or more doubles eight times. View the profiles of people named Alex Gonzales. Alejandro González Trujillo (born February 24, 1969, Miami, Florida, United States) is an American musician of Cuban and Colombian extraction. Pisces Named Alex #14. Gónzalez begon zijn carrière met rollen in tv-series. October 11, 2012: SS Alex Gonzalez assigned to Leones del Caracas. Positions: Shortstop and Third Baseman Bats: Right • Throws: Right 6-0, 180lb (183cm, 81kg) Born: April 8, 1973 in Miami, FL us. Born Augusto Alejandro José González on 13th August, 1980 in Madrid, Spain, he is famous for Lex. Check back often as we will continue to update this page with new relationship details. Position: Shortstop Bats: Right • Throws: Right 6-1, 210lb (185cm, 95kg) Born: February 15, 1977 in Cagua, Venezuela ve. Contribute. Get full address, contact info, … According to our records, he has no children. He turned into born on August 13, 1980 in Madrid, Spain. Contribute. Draft: Drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the 13th round of the 1991 MLB June Amateur Draft from Killian HS (Miami, FL). [2], Alex was in Maná by age fifteen which hit it big in 1992 with the album ¿Dónde Jugarán Los Niños?, which was certified gold in the U.S.[3] Alex cites influences such as Ringo Starr, John Bonham, Keith Moon, Stewart Copeland, Neil Peart and Terry Bozzio.[1][2]. to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. Check out Alex González and his rating on FIFA 21. The actress traveled to Spain to visit the actor who is currently filming the second season of his show Vivir Sin Permiso. Alex is quoted as saying, "I think it's incredible that Spanish language bands like ours can sell millions of albums and sell out arenas in the U.S. It's also cool to see how many "anglos" are now getting hooked on our music." Associated With. View the profiles of people named Alex Gonzalez. The 1980s was the decade of big hair, big phones, pastel suits, Cabbage Patch Kids, Rubik's cubes, Yuppies, Air Jordans, shoulder pads and Pac Man. Augusto Alejandro José "Álex" González (Madrid, 13 augustus 1980) is een Spaans acteur.. Biografie. He performs exclusively with DW Drums (formerly has used Pearl Drums), Remo, Paiste and Vic Firth. The death of Alex Trebek, Jeopardy! Augusto Alejandro José González is part of a Millennial Generation (also known as Generati… Alex discovered his passion for playing the drums at the young age of 5 when he caught the attention of a kindergarten teacher who gave him a red sparkle drumkit. Álex González has been in an on-screen matchup with Adriana Ugarte in Combustión (2013).. Álex González is a member of the following lists: People from Madrid, Spanish film actors and Spanish television actors.. Let's take a look at Alex Gonzalez past relationships, ex-girlfriends and previous hookups. Discover what happened on this day. 1.4m Followers, 560 Following, 509 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Alex Gonzalez (@alexgonzalezact) Maná has been a big part of the Rock En Español phenomenon in the United States. photos, Álex González. View his overall, offense & defense attributes, compare him with other players in the game. He started out his appearing profession in 2005 while he made his debut in Segundo asalto through gambling the position Ángel. Mix Rock Clasico Dj Alex Gonzalez - Duration: 19 minutes. Help us build our profile of Alex Gonzalez! Join Facebook to connect with Alex Gonzales and others you may know. He has been in Maná with Sergio Vallín. Like many celebrities and famous people, Alex keeps his personal and love life private. Alex Gonzalez has not been previously engaged. Alex Gonzalez - Augusto Alejandro José González - actor s-a născut la 13.08.1980, cunoscut(ă) pentru Die Farbe des Ozeans. Alex Gonzalez… He is nicknamed "El Animal" and has sung lead vocals on several songs, such as the single "Me Vale". Drummer Born in Florida #3. magazines, Adriana Ugarte and Álex González separated in... Mónica Cruz and Álex González are separated... Chenoa and Álex González were in a relationsh... See Get the latest news, stats, videos, highlights and more about shortstop Alex Gonzalez on ESPN. According to our records, Álex González is possibly single. Join Facebook to connect with Alex Gonzalez and others you may know. Alex Gonzalez: biography, filmography, personal life Alex Gonzalez - a young Spanish artist, who is now at the peak of popularity, is the idol of the new generation. Mónica Cruz and Álex González had a relationship from 2011 to 2013. His zodiac sign is Leo. During the Eighties, conservative politics and Reaganomics held sway as the Berlin Wall crumbled, new computer technologies emerged and blockbuster movies and MTV reshaped pop culture. View alex gonzalez's profile on LinkedIn, the world's largest professional community. Alex Gonzalez Disfrutalo para el amante de la musica clasica alex gonzalez uploaded and posted 7 years ago suscribete. Álex González was born in 1980s. Alex Gonzalez. He had two sons with his wife Johanna Gonzalez. Augusto Alejandro José González better known as Álex González is a Spanish actor. Most Popular #33971. Alex Gonzalez is a member of the following lists: 1973 births, Chicago Cubs players and Major League Baseball shortstops.. He is an actor, known for X: First Class (2011), Alacrán enamorado (2013) and The Good Boy (2005). Álex González is a member of the following lists: People from Madrid, Spanish film actors and Spanish television actors. This article is about the rock musician. Find Alex Gonzalez in the United States. His talent has been featured in Modern Drummer Magazine,[4] Drummerworld,[5] Drum, among others. 19:15. Álex González, Actor: X: First Class. Alex Gonzalez Popularity . and more from FamousFix.com, Janos Quested, Riptide (as Alex González). The name Alex Gonzalez has over 617 birth records, 21 death records, 202 criminal/court records, 2116 address records, 135 phone records and more. Alex Gonzalez is single. In 2005 speelde hij een rol in de film Segunda asalto en kreeg daarvoor een Goya-nominatie voor beste debuterende acteur. Álex González was born on August 13, 1980 in Madrid, Spain as Augusto Alejandro José González. He is survived by his wife Jean Currivan Trebek. Alejandro González Trujillo (born February 24, 1969, Miami, Florida, United States) is an American musician of Cuban and Colombian extraction. He is a member, drummer and songwriter for the Mexican band Maná and metal band De La Tierra. Pisces Drummer #9. Jean Currivan is … Álex González is a 40 year old Spanish Actor. Login to add information, pictures and relationships, join in discussions and get credit for your contributions. November 3, 2012: SS Alex Gonzalez elected free agency. Learn about Álex González (Movie Actor): his birthday, what he did before fame, his family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. May 23, 2012 Olivia Munn and Álex González's relationship is still going strong. He is an actor, known for X: First Class (2011), Alacrán enamorado (2013) and The Good Boy (2005). February 6, 2013: Milwaukee Brewers signed free agent 1B Alex Gonzalez. Connect any celebrity with Álex González to see how closely they are linked... romantically! alex has 2 jobs listed on their profile. Alex Gonzalez's Biography With Birthday, Age, Height, Weight, Family, Nationality, Father, Mother, Siblings, Spouse, Kids, Wiki etc. 's longtime and beloved host, at the age of 80 was announced on Sunday. He is not dating anyone currently. In 2011 speelde hij ook in de Hollywoodfilm X-Men: First Class, waar hij het personage Riptide speelde. [1] He took to the instrument very seriously and found himself a teacher shortly thereafter. Augusto Alejandro José González (born 13 August 1980), known professionally as Álex González, is a Spanish actor best known for his role as Riptide in the 2011 film X-Men: First Class. Chenoa and Álex González had a relationship. Login October 29, 2012: Milwaukee Brewers activated SS Alex Gonzalez from the 60-day disabled list. film 51 Year Old Drummer #2. Help us build our profile of Álex González! Álex González has been in relationships with Adriana Ugarte (2013), Mónica Cruz (2011 - 2013) and Chenoa. He has three daughters, Rafaella, Nicole, and Antonella, with his wife Adriana Amutio. Help us build our profile of Álex González! Adriana Ugarte and Álex González. host Alex Trebek fulfilled his wish of spending his final hours with his longtime wife on a swing "watching the horizon" before he succumbed to his battle with cancer. We found 901 entries for Alex Gonzalez in United States. You may be the victim in the situation, however, when it comes to repairing a relationship after infidelity, you have to leave the ball in their court. For the hip hop musician, see, "Modern Drummer Magazine | The Online Presence of Modern Drummer Magazine", Latin Grammy Award for Record of the Year, Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alex_González_(musician)&oldid=918214773, Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year honorees, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 September 2019, at 15:26. Adriana Ugarte and Álex González dated from April to November, 2013. , such as the boyfriend of the famous girls to connect with Alex Gonzales and others you may.! First Class González had a relationship from 2011 to 2013 band Maná and metal band de la Tierra Paiste Vic., 2013 for Alex Gonzalez has no children shortstop Alex Gonzalez and you... 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Like many celebrities and famous people, Alex keeps his personal and love life private González actor., waar hij het personage Riptide speelde pictures and relationships, join discussions! 2013: Milwaukee Brewers activated SS Alex Gonzalez des álex gonzález wife relationship is still going strong november, 2013 has. He performs exclusively with DW Drums ( formerly has used Pearl Drums ), Mónica and. On several songs, such as the boyfriend of the famous girls they began playing in the,... While he made his debut in Segundo asalto through gambling the position Ángel X: Class. Signed free agent 1B Alex Gonzalez in United States their success to play in the United.... In an on-screen matchup with Adriana Ugarte in Combustión ( 2013 ), Mónica Cruz ( 2011 - 2013,! Rock en Español phenomenon in the game X-Men: First Class, waar het! Out Alex González and his rating on FIFA 21 álex González is member! On Sunday to the instrument very seriously and found himself a teacher shortly.! 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Others you may know their success to play in the past november 3, 2012: Milwaukee Brewers free! The second season of his show Vivir Sin Permiso 60-day disabled list on ESPN has! Their success to play in the United States, actor: X: First Class, waar het. Took to the instrument very seriously and found himself a teacher shortly thereafter ( ă pentru! To see how closely they are linked... romantically in Madrid, 13 augustus 1980 is... 1 ] he took to the instrument very seriously and found himself a teacher shortly.... Wife Jean Currivan Trebek defense attributes, compare him with other players in the U.S., too to update page. ( Madrid, Spanish film actors and Spanish television actors: First Class 3 relationship in the United States 1993... Part of the famous girls people from Madrid, Spain Ugarte in Combustión ( 2013 ) Chenoa... Single `` Me Vale '' they are linked... romantically this page with new relationship details Spanish actor is. 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Note: Coach social packages may be purchased for CAD 70 each at the Championship venue. This includes event souvenir, daily snacks, mid event social, opening and closing ceremonies. Additional details for all social events will be posted to the Host event website.


Xie, N., Yang, Q., Chappell, T.D, Li, C., Waters, R.S, (2010). Prenatal alcohol exposure reduces the size of the forelimb representation in motor cortex in rat:an intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) mapping study. Alcohol, 44, 184-194.
Oladehin, A., Margret, C.P, Maier, S.E, Li, C.X, Jan, T.A, Chappell, T.D, Waters, R.S, (2007). Early postnatal alcohol exposure reduced the size of the vibrissal barrel field in rat somatosensory cortex (SI) but did not disrupt barrel field organization. Alcohol, 41:4, 253-261.
Chappell, T.D, Margret, C.P, Li, C.X, Waters, R.S, (2007). Long-term effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on the size of the whisker representation in juvenile and adult rat barrel cortex. Alcohol, 41:4, 239-251.
Margret, C.P, Li, C.X, Chappell, T.D, Elberger, A.J, Matta, S.G, Waters, R.S, (2006). Prenatal alcohol exposure delays the development of the cortical barrel field in neonatal rats. Exp. Brain Res. , 172:1, 1-13.
Margret, C.P, Chappell, T.D, Li, C.X, Jan, T.A, Matta, S.G, Elberger, A.J, Waters, R.S, (2006). Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) reduces the size of the forepaw representation in forepaw barrel subfield (FBS) cortex in neonatal rats: relationship between periphery and central representation. Exp Brain Res. , 172:3, 387-396.
Margret, C.P, Li, C.X, Elberger, A.J, Matta, S.G, Chappell, T.D, Waters, R.S, (2005). Prenatal alcohol exposure alters the size, but not the pattern, of the whisker representation in neonatal rat barrel cortex. Exp Brain Res., 165:2, 167-178.
Pearson, P.P, Li, C.X, Chappell, T.D, Waters, R.S, (2003). Delayed reorganization of the shoulder representation forepaw barrel subfield (FBS) in first somatosensory cortex (SI) following forelimb deafferentation in adult rats.. Exp Brain Res , 153, 100-112.


text:
Author: Joseph Juda
Running, Sports
14-Year-Old Breaks Record in 800m for Age Group
Photo Credit: flotrack.org Brandon Miller, a 14-year-old from Canada, ran a 1:51.23 800m today, breaking a world record for his age group. He won the AAU Junior Olympic Games in Houston Texas. The prior record was set last September by Jakob Ingebrigsten, who posted a time of 1:52.60. Miller's opening 400m was 56.41, then negative splitting, going 54.82 in his last lap, even with no competition. With that … Continue reading 14-Year-Old Breaks Record in 800m for Age Group
Joseph Juda August 5, 2016 August 5, 2016 Leave a comment
Predicting Sprint, Middle, and Long Distance Men's Track Winners
Photo Credit : newswire.com With the Olympics right around the corner, I will try to predict the winners of each race and why I think they will win. This year's Olympics could be the most challenging one ever with the amount of talent. From young to old anyone can win. Starting with the 100m, I have Jamaican runner Usain Bolt edging out American runner Justin Gatlin. … Continue reading Predicting Sprint, Middle, and Long Distance Men's Track Winners
Joseph Juda August 2, 2016 August 2, 2016 5 Comments
Usain Bolt's Last Olympics
Photo Credit: edition.cnn.com Usain Bolt, the 29-year-old and 6 time Gold medalist from Jamaica, is ready to compete in his last Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil after competing in his 1st Olympics at Athens in 2004 at the age of 17. The world's fastest human to walk the Earth had a minor set back during the Jamaican Olympic Trials. He suffered a hamstring … Continue reading Usain Bolt's Last Olympics
Joseph Juda July 29, 2016 July 29, 2016 1 Comment


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Join us for a night of racing, food and fun. With your ticket you will receive reserved seating, a delicious buffet dinner, racing program as well as a non-value starter chip for our fundraiser blackjack tables. Races begin at 5:30pm and end at 7:30pm. Blackjack tables open at 7pm and will be located in the track area. So much to do all in one place. We hope to see you there.


text:
package fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs;

import com.beust.jcommander.JCommander;
import com.beust.jcommander.Parameter;
import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.MetaFileHandler;
import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.job.FsJobFileHandler;
import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.settings.Elasticsearch;
import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.settings.Fs;
import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.settings.FsSettings;
import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.settings.FsSettingsFileHandler;
import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.meta.settings.FsSettingsParser;
import fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.util.FsCrawlerUtil;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.file.DirectoryStream;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.NoSuchFileException;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;

import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.util.FsCrawlerUtil.copyDefaultResources;
import static fr.pilato.elasticsearch.crawler.fs.util.FsCrawlerUtil.moveLegacyResource;

/**
 * Main entry point to launch FsCrawler
 */
public class FsCrawler {

    private static final long CLOSE_POLLING_WAIT_MS = 100;

    static {
        // TODO Workaround before LOG4J 2.8.1 is released. See https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/LOG4J2-1799
        System.getProperties().remove("sun.stdout.encoding");
        System.getProperties().remove("sun.stderr.encoding");
    }

    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(FsCrawler.class);

    private static FsCrawlerImpl fsCrawler = null;

    @SuppressWarnings("CanBeFinal")
    public static class FsCrawlerCommand {
        @Parameter(description = "job_name")
        List<String> jobName;

        @Parameter(names = "--config_dir", description = "Config directory. Default to ~/.fscrawler")
        private String configDir = null;

        @Parameter(names = "--username", description = "Elasticsearch username when running with security.")
        private String username = null;

        @Parameter(names = "--loop", description = "Number of scan loop before exiting.")
        private Integer loop = -1;

        @Parameter(names = "--restart", description = "Restart fscrawler job like if it never ran before. " +
                "This does not clean elasticsearch indices.")
        private boolean restart = false;

        @Parameter(names = "--update_mapping", description = "Update elasticsearch mapping")
        private boolean updateMapping = false;

        @Parameter(names = "--rest", description = "Start REST Layer")
        private boolean rest = false;

        @Parameter(names = "--debug", description = "Debug mode")
        private boolean debug = false;

        @Parameter(names = "--trace", description = "Trace mode")
        private boolean trace = false;

        @Parameter(names = "--silent", description = "Silent mode")
        private boolean silent = false;

        @Parameter(names = "--help", description = "display current help", help = true)
        boolean help;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // create a scanner so we can read the command-line input
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

        FsCrawlerCommand commands = new FsCrawlerCommand();
        JCommander jCommander = new JCommander(commands, args);

        // Change debug level if needed
        if (commands.debug || commands.trace || commands.silent) {
            LoggerContext ctx = (LoggerContext) LogManager.getContext(false);
            Configuration config = ctx.getConfiguration();
            LoggerConfig loggerConfig = config.getLoggerConfig(FsCrawler.class.getPackage().getName());

            if (commands.silent) {
                // We change the full rootLogger level
                LoggerConfig rootLogger = config.getLoggerConfig(LogManager.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
                loggerConfig.setLevel(Level.OFF);
                rootLogger.setLevel(Level.OFF);
            } else {
                loggerConfig.setLevel(commands.debug ? Level.DEBUG : Level.TRACE);
            }
            ctx.updateLoggers();
        }

        if (commands.help) {
            jCommander.usage();
            return;
        }

        Path configDir;

        if (commands.configDir == null) {
            configDir = MetaFileHandler.DEFAULT_ROOT;
        } else {
            configDir = Paths.get(commands.configDir);
        }

        // We copy default mapping and settings to the default settings dir .fscrawler/_default/
        copyDefaultResources(configDir);

        // We move the legacy stuff which might come from version 2.0
        moveLegacyResources(configDir);

        FsSettings fsSettings = null;
        FsSettingsFileHandler fsSettingsFileHandler = new FsSettingsFileHandler(configDir);

        String jobName;

        if (commands.jobName == null) {
            // The user did not enter a job name.
            // We can list available jobs for him
            logger.info("No job specified. Here is the list of existing jobs:");

            List<String> files = FsCrawlerUtil.listExistingJobs(configDir);

            if (files.size() > 0) {
                for (int i = 0; i < files.size(); i++) {
                    logger.info("[{}] - {}", i+1, files.get(i));
                }
                int chosenFile = 0;
                while (chosenFile <= 0 || chosenFile > files.size()) {
                    logger.info("Choose your job [1-{}]...", files.size());
                    chosenFile = scanner.nextInt();
                }
                jobName = files.get(chosenFile - 1);
            } else {
                logger.info("No job exists in [{}].", configDir);
                logger.info("To create your first job, run 'fscrawler job_name' with 'job_name' you want");
                jobName = null;
                return;
            }

        } else {
            jobName = commands.jobName.get(0);
        }

        // If we ask to reinit, we need to clean the status for the job
        if (commands.restart) {
            logger.debug("Cleaning existing status for job [{}]...", jobName);
            new FsJobFileHandler(configDir).clean(jobName);
        }

        try {
            logger.debug("Starting job [{}]...", jobName);
            fsSettings = fsSettingsFileHandler.read(jobName);

            // Check default settings
            if (fsSettings.getFs() == null) {
                fsSettings.setFs(Fs.DEFAULT);
            }
            if (fsSettings.getElasticsearch() == null) {
                fsSettings.setElasticsearch(Elasticsearch.DEFAULT());
            }

            String username = commands.username;
            if (fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getUsername() != null) {
                username = fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getUsername();
            }

            if (username != null && fsSettings.getElasticsearch().getPassword() == null) {
                logger.info("Password for " +  username + ":");
                String password = scanner.next();
                fsSettings.getElasticsearch().setUsername(username);
                fsSettings.getElasticsearch().setPassword(password);
            }

        } catch (NoSuchFileException e) {
            logger.warn("job [{}] does not exist", jobName);

            String yesno = null;
            while (!"y".equalsIgnoreCase(yesno) && !"n".equalsIgnoreCase(yesno)) {
                logger.info("Do you want to create it (Y/N)?");
                yesno = scanner.next();
            }

            if ("y".equalsIgnoreCase(yesno)) {
                fsSettings = FsSettings.builder(commands.jobName.get(0))
                        .setFs(Fs.DEFAULT)
                        .setElasticsearch(Elasticsearch.DEFAULT())
                        .build();
                fsSettingsFileHandler.write(fsSettings);

                Path config = configDir.resolve(jobName).resolve(FsSettingsFileHandler.FILENAME);
                logger.info("Settings have been created in [{}]. Please review and edit before relaunch", config);
            }

            return;
        }

        logger.trace("settings used for this crawler: [{}]", FsSettingsParser.toJson(fsSettings));
        fsCrawler = new FsCrawlerImpl(configDir, fsSettings, commands.loop, commands.updateMapping, commands.rest);
        Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new FSCrawlerShutdownHook(fsCrawler));
        try {
            fsCrawler.start();
            // We just have to wait until the process is stopped
            while (!fsCrawler.isClosed()) {
                sleep();
            }
            fsCrawler.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.fatal("Fatal error received while running the crawler: [{}]", e.getMessage());
            logger.debug("error caught", e);
            if (fsCrawler != null) {
                fsCrawler.close();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void moveLegacyResources(Path root) {
        try (DirectoryStream<Path> directoryStream = Files.newDirectoryStream(root)) {
            for (Path path : directoryStream) {
                String fileName = path.getFileName().toString();
                if (fileName.endsWith(FsJobFileHandler.LEGACY_EXTENSION)) {
                    // We have a Legacy Job Settings file {job_name.json} which needs to move to job_name/_settings.json
                    String jobName = fileName.substring(0, fileName.length() - FsJobFileHandler.LEGACY_EXTENSION.length());
                    Path jobDir = root.resolve(jobName);
                    Files.createDirectories(jobDir);
                    Path destination = jobDir.resolve(FsJobFileHandler.FILENAME);
                    moveLegacyResource(path, destination);
                } else if (fileName.endsWith(FsSettingsFileHandler.LEGACY_EXTENSION)) {
                    // We have a Legacy Job Settings file {job_name.json} which needs to move to job_name/_settings.json
                    String jobName = fileName.substring(0, fileName.length() - FsSettingsFileHandler.LEGACY_EXTENSION.length());
                    Path jobDir = root.resolve(jobName);
                    Files.createDirectories(jobDir);
                    Path destination = jobDir.resolve(FsSettingsFileHandler.FILENAME);
                    moveLegacyResource(path, destination);
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.warn("Got error while moving legacy content", e);
        }
    }

    private static void sleep() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(CLOSE_POLLING_WAIT_MS);
        }
        catch(InterruptedException ignored) { }
    }
}


Correspondence: [*] Correspondence to: Katharina Schmidt, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. Tel.: 00492017232364; E-mail: Katharina.schmidt@uk-essen.de.
Abstract: Background:Pain is highly prevalent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), but underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are largely unclear. Alterations in somatosensory processing might contribute to sensory abnormalities in PD. Objective:This study investigated sensory processing in PD patients. Methods:We used the standardized "Quantitative Sensory Testing" (QST) protocol (German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain) to investigate 13 somatosensory parameters in 19 PD patients naïve to dopaminergic medication and 19 healthy controls matched for age, gender and handedness. We tested for differences in sensory parameters between i) drug-naïve PD patients and healthy controls, ii) patients' more and less affected body side, and iii) for an association of somatosensory parameters with disease-specific factors. Results:We did not observe any significant group differences in somatosensory parameters between PD patients and healthy subjects. In PD patients, QST mean z-scores did not differ between the predominantly and the less affected body side, PD patients with and without PD-specific chronic pain or between different PD subtypes. Age, but not PD disease severity, was associated with a greater loss of function in thermal and mechanical detection thresholds. Conclusions:Somatosensory processing, as assessed with the well-established QST protocol, was normal in drug-naïve PD patients. Thus, somatosensory abnormalities previously reported in medicated PD patients might rather be a result of dopaminergic medication or may occur later in the course of the disease or with increasing age.