Highest Peak on Earth (Mount Everest ).
The Allure of Everest and the Everest Base Camp Trek brings us promote era and times anew. We boast 100% performance rate to date around our Everest base camp trek. This is achieved by a count in one supplementary daylight in the vital acclimatization times and helping clients. We spend 3 nights in Namche Bazaar giving you the best inadvertent of making a newscaster and amenable journey to Everest base camp. We insert continuous training sticking together and advice along later than our 45-page booklet upon the trek. Hence, Book your treks for 2018 2019 or 2020.
This vacation is one of the highlights of any eager trekkers career and achievable for most fit walkers. The Everest base camp trek is rated one of the best treks in the world. In brief, book your treks for 2018 / 2019 / 2020. CONTACT US If you would behind to scrutinize out all our tips for an affluent Everest base camp trek.
The quickest route into the region is by air. WE leave from Kathmandu on a thirty-five-minute flight into the village of Lukla, we use Goma air. Yeti air the newest airline to enter the Everest region. Lukla sits at 2,853m/ 9,360ft. The Everest Region, also known as the Solukhumbu Region. It is characterized with sweeping glaciers, picturesque mountains, and forests, inhabited by a wide range of animal and bird species. Since, The Sherpa people dwell in this region, living along the trails, welcoming you to their villages as you move up the valley towards Mt. Everest. Hence, Recent statistics show that an extra day in Namche Bazaar gives you the best chance at making the journey to Everest Base Camp.
On the second daylight of your journey, you enter Sagarmatha National Park, which holds one of the most scenic vistas in the world, gone magnificent views of Mt. Everest, Lhotse, Ama Dablam, and Thamserku, to proclaim a few. You will along with venture through Sherpa villages in imitation of Khumjung village and Namche Bazaar, sampling the fabulous hospitality. So, These alter people have to have enough maintenance.
We are nearby to guidance you profit prepared both physically and logically, helping you realize the best training advice and have all the indispensable gear and equipment that will make your vacation to Everest Base Camp trek an innocent and wealthy adventure. Therefore, embrace to in add together today with the reliable local expert.
We will be staying at a 3-star hotel in Kathmandu; and teahouses during the trek. All accommodations are on twin-shared basis. Single supplement will be served on request and will cost an additional USD 320. Bharal Adventure will arrange rooms with attached washrooms; however, teahouses in some places only have shared washing and toilet facilities. Also note that single rooms are readily available in Kathmandu and the trekking regions at lower elevation but it might be difficult to find them at higher elevations.
This trek's itinerary is planned with a high degree of awareness of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). Experts agree that gaining elevation without proper consideration of AMS could be fatal. The higher the altitude, the less oxygen will be in the air. Therefore, our body needs time to adapt to an environment with less oxygen. During this trip, we take rest in Namche Bazaar and Dingboche which will help us acclimatize to the high altitude thus resulting in a successful trip.
Everest Base Camp Trek is a moderate trek. Travelers who can walk up to 6-7 hours a day on an uphill and downhill trail will find this trek fulfilling. It is best that we prepare ourselves for the Everest trek by jogging and exercising regularly at least a month prior to the start of the trek. Trekking to the Everest Base Camp should be relatively easier for those who have experience walking/trekking in a high altitude environment. Past hiking experience would be an asset but no technical skill is required for this trip. It is also important that we consult our doctor. Participants with pre-existing medical conditions such as heart, lung, and blood diseases should inform Bharal Adventure before booking the trek.
The best time to trek to the Everest Base Camp is spring (March to May) and autumn (September to November). The temperature is moderate in these seasons and guarantees amazing views through the trip. Although this trek can be undertaken during winter, the cold temperature might not be suitable for everyone.
You may arrive at Kathmandu at any time. You will be welcomed by one of our airport representative. He will help you get transferred to your hotel. Further details about the plans and programs will also be provided. Overnight at Hotel.
The Kathmandu valley has one of the densest concentrations of heritage sites. The Kathmandu city alone holds four heritage sites that are listed under the UNESCO World Heritage Sites List. The tour will start late in the morning and you will visit the heritage sites of the city that includes the Temple of Pashupatinath, the Bouddhanath Stupa, the Swayambhunath Temple and the Kathmandu Durbar Square. All of these sites are revered by the people of the city and the religious places are held in high regards by the Hindu and the Buddhist people. The Durbar Square of Kathmandu holds many old palaces, buildings, temples and statues from medieval times. The buildings are built in unique Nepali architecture and contain amazing wood-crafting, stone masonry, metal works and intricate carvings done on their doors and windows. Pashupatinath is considered the most sacred temple of Lord Shiva and the cremation ceremony of the Hindus can be seen along the Bagmati's river bank. Bouddhanath is the largest Buddhist Mandala in the world and the Swayambhunath- located atop a hill, is a temple sacred to both the Hindu and the Buddhist people. The heritage sites provide good insight into Nepal's history and it's past. They are great carriers of the country's cultural and religious tenor. After the tour, you will return back to the hotel. Overnight stay at the Hotel. Meals: Breakfast included.
From Kathmandu, a flight to Lukla commences the trek. The Lukla flight is one of the most dramatic short flights in the world. The Lukla Airport itself is located on a hill and contains a single runway that drops off towards its end to the deep gaping valley below. Surrounded by tall mountains and jaded hills, the airstrip at Lukla is quite fascinating and the flight is deemed as a little thrilling adventure in itself. Upon arriving at Lukla, the change in the scenery is immediately felt. The mountainous landscape becomes quite prominent and the air carries a crisp freshness to it that only Himalayan atmosphere carries. From Lukla, the trekking trail slowly moves towards the Cheplung Village. View of the sacred Mount Khumbila from the village at Cheplung is beautiful. From there, a gradual walk downwards leads to the village of Phakding. The terrain is amazing and tall hills surround the trail like giant mounds of emeralds. From Phakding, the sight of the Kusum Kangraru Mountain can be seen. The village of Phakding lies in the Dudh Koshi River valley north of Lukla and contains many guesthouses and lodges that cater to tourism and trekkers. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
After breakfast at Phakding, the trail further opens out to reach the celebrated mountain town of Namche Bazaar. En route to Namche, several smaller villages are crossed, like Jorsale and Monjo. Monjo lies north of Phakding and is the entry point of the Sagarmatha National Park. The trail ventures through the national park and finally arrives at Namche. Walking along the trekking route through the Sagarmatha National Park presents many virtues, like its alpine woods, small rivers and brooks and deciduous forests. Thick acreages of Pine and Cedar cover the lands and provide a pleasant atmosphere to trek through. Namche Bazaar, because of its strategic location, is the commercial hub of the Khumbu region. It is located on a mountain side and views of the Thamserku Peak and the Kongdi RI Himal from here are amazing. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
Namche is a great place to acclimatize. The sights around Namche are spectacular and beautiful. After breakfast, you can visit the Syangboche Airstrip that lies on a hill above the town. From here, you can get panoramic view of Namche and can see amazing sights of the Himalayas as well. Further from Namche lies the Everest View Hotel. The hotel is the highest located hotel in the world and provides view of Mount Everest and many other Himalayan peaks from all of its windows. Back at Namche, you can visit the Everest Photo Gallery and the Sherpa Culture Museum as well. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
An easy trail from Namche opens out towards the Dudh Koshi Valley at the settlement of Phungki Thanka. From the settlement, the views of Mount Everest are magnificent. Following the trail that marches along the right side of the Dudh Koshi River, the village of Tengboche is reached. The journey from Namche to Tengboche is filled with amazing natural scenery of rivers, hills and Himalayan peaks. The village of Tengboche is located at the confluence of the Dudh Koshi and the Imja Khola Rivers and is surrounded by tall hills that are covered in rhododendron trees. The village is also famous for Tengboche Monastery, the largest monastery of the Khumbu region. The monastery is a hamlet from where the sight of Mount Ama Dablam, Mount Everest and numerous other peaks are beautiful to look at. The Tengboche Monastery is also regarded as the spiritual hub of the Khumbu region and is surrounded by forests that are inhabited by Impeyan Pheasants and eagles. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
The trekking trail crosses the Imja River via a suspension bride and moves towards the village of Dingboche. Along the way, the village of Pangboche is passed. Dingboche is called the "Summer Valley" of the Khumbu and contains a kilometer long wall built to protect the village's crops from the cold winds that descends down the Imja Valley. Dingboche, as the name reflects, receives more sun too. Graceful views of Lhotse, the Ama Dablam and the Island Peak from Dingboche are quite amazing. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
Dingboche is also a great village for acclimatizing. A hike to Nagerjun is a great way to spend time at Dingboche. Nagerjun is located at the height of 5100 meters and lies just above Dingboche on a hill at the edges of the Chhukung valley. The hike is uphill and steep, and requires a bit of a strenuous energy. Walking for approximately 3-4 hours, we will reach Nagerjun from where marvelous panorama of Lobuche East (6119m), Lobuche West (6145m), Kangtega (6685m), Taboche Peak (6367m), Thamserku (6608m), and the Ama Dablam (6856m) can be seen. If you are lucky, you can also spot stunning sights of Mount Makalu, the world's fifth tallest peak on a clear day. The view of the Pheriche Valley from here is also splendid. Returning back to Dingboche is also very beautiful. After finishing our lunch, we can take a rejuvenating sunbath and relax at the village. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
Making our way to Dhungla from Dingboche, you will come across the Trekkers Aid Post- situated at Pheriche (4210m). It is run by the Western Volunteer Doctors and assisted by The Himalayan Rescue Association. The aid post helps in the treatment of trekkers. The Chupki Lhara is then reached. It is a rock-strewn oblique from where sight of magisterial mountains can be seen. The path follows further down to the Khumbu Glacier moraine from there. The views of mountain peaks like Khumbutse, the Mahalangur Himal, Lingtren and the Pumori from the moraine are amazing. Mount Nuptse also looms up ahead once the glacier pass is crossed. We shall then check into our guesthouse at Lobuche for the night. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
An anticipated day of the trip, it will commence with a slow walk. Avoiding altitude sickness, a slow walk further on from Lobuche runs alongside the sight of the world's highest glacier- the Khumbu Glacier, to the right. Walking for about 2-3 hours from Lobuche, we will get to Gorakshep (5181m/16994ft), a tranquil location dotted with some lodges. From here, the path moves all the way to the top of the edge, finally arriving at the Everest Base Camp. Here, the sight of the Khumbu Icefall and the view of the Khumbutse and Lingtren mountains are quite heavenly. After spending some time at the base camp enjoying the sights and the environment, we shall return back to Gorakshep. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
An early morning hike to Kalapatthar from Gorakshep is another highlight of the trip. Kalapatthar is a famous vantage point popular for providing panoramic views of Mount Everest, Nuptse, Chagatse, Lhotse and the Pumori among many other peaks. Hike to Kalapatthar is done early at dawn because the sight of the rising sun seen from the vantage point is absolutely amazing. The sun rises from amidst the Mount Everest Mountains and it changes the color of the mountains from silver to gold. After spending time at Kalapatthar, we will return to Gorakshep and walk down to Pheriche. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
The trail follows the Imja River again all the way to Tengboche. From Tengboche, we will move down towards Phungki Thanka, pass the Kyangjuma and reach Namche. It is a relaxing hike back and the sight of the landscape and the Himalayas can be enjoyed pleasantly. The villages are also lively with people and you can observe their customs and activities as you pass through. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
The hike back to Lukla follows a trail that moves steeply downwards and crosses a suspension bridge. Chortens, prayer flags, Mani-stone walls and small Gompas line the villages and the trail. The Dudh Koshi River gushes by and adds a beautiful ambiance to the natural setting. Open plains, pine and rhododendron forests as well as snow covered peaks decorate the beautiful picturesque settings. As we reach Lukla, we can just relax. In the evening, we may celebrate the victory of accomplishing the trek as well. Overnight stay at the Guesthouse. Meals: Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner included.
A 30-minute flight back to Kathmandu from Lukla ends the trekking part of the journey. You can revel in the changing sights of the landscapes one last time while on the flight. After landing in the Kathmandu airport, you will be transferred to the Hotel where you shall stay overnight. Meals: Breakfast included.
The airport representative from Bharal Adventure will transport you to Kathmandu International Airport around 3 hours before your scheduled flight from where you will depart. Meals: Breakfast included.
Please use this checklist as a guideline for getting information on the required equipment to carry on a trekking. Adjustments could be made to the list according to your needs, interest and duration and season of the trip among other factors. The variety of these gears could be hired or bought in Kathmandu. Since the majority of these gears found for sale in Kathmandu are locally manufactured, they are a lot cheaper. some gears are imported from China which of better quality.


Are You "Rooted and Established on the Foundation"?
Mankind's Problems Soon to End!
HAVE you ever watched a large tree being buffeted by gale-force winds? The tree is subjected to immense pressure, yet it endures. Why? Because it has a strong root system anchored in the soil. We can be like that tree. When battling stormy trials in our life, we too can endure if we remain "rooted and established on the foundation." (Eph. 3:14-17) What is that foundation?
God's Word states that "Christ Jesus himself is the foundation cornerstone" of the Christian congregation. (Eph. 2:20; 1 Cor. 3:11) We as Christians are encouraged to "go on walking in union with him, rooted and being built up in him and being stabilized in the faith." If we do so, we will be able to withstand all attacks made on our faith—including those that come in the form of "persuasive arguments" based on the "empty deception" of men.—Col. 2:4-8.
How, though, can we become "rooted" and "stabilized in the faith"? One important way to send our roots deep into the soil, so to speak, is by a diligent study of God's inspired Word. Jehovah wants us "to grasp mentally with all the holy ones what is the breadth and length and height and depth" of the truth. (Eph. 3:18) No Christian, therefore, should be content with a mere superficial understanding, being satisfied with knowing only "the elementary things" found in God's Word. (Heb. 5:12; 6:1) On the contrary, each of us should be eager to deepen our understanding of Bible truths.—Prov. 2:1-5.
That does not mean, of course, that a large fund of knowledge is all we need in order to be "rooted and established" in the truth. After all, Satan himself knows what the Bible contains. Something more is needed. We need "to know the love of the Christ which surpasses knowledge." (Eph. 3:19) Nevertheless, when we study because we love Jehovah and love the truth, increasing our accurate knowledge of God's Word will strengthen our faith.—Col. 2:2.
Right now, why not test your own understanding of a few of the vital truths found in the Bible? Doing so may encourage you to be even more diligent in personal Bible study. As an example, read the opening verses of the apostle Paul's letter to the Ephesians. (See the box "To the Ephesians.") After reading these verses, ask yourself, 'Do I understand the meaning of the phrases in that Bible passage that are italicized in the box?' Let us consider them, one at a time.
Paul wrote to fellow believers: "[God] foreordained us to the adoption through Jesus Christ as sons to himself." Indeed, Jehovah determined that he would adopt some humans into his own perfect heavenly family. These adopted sons of God would rule as kings and priests with Christ. (Rom. 8:19-23; Rev. 5:9, 10) In his original challenge against Jehovah's sovereignty, Satan implied that God's human creation was flawed. How fitting, then, that Jehovah chose members of that same human family to have a role in eventually ridding the universe of all badness, including the source of evil, Satan the Devil! However, Jehovah did not foreordain which individual humans would be adopted as his sons. Rather, God determined that there would be a group, or class, of humans that would rule with Christ in heaven.—Rev. 14:3, 4.
What "world" did Paul mean when he wrote to fellow Christians that they, as a group, were chosen "before the founding of the world"? He was not referring to a time before God created the earth or mankind. That would violate the fundamental principle of justice. How could Adam and Eve be held accountable for their actions if God had predetermined that they would fail even before they were created? So, then, when did God determine how he would remedy the situation that was created when Adam and Eve joined Satan in his rebellion against God's sovereignty? Jehovah did so only after our original parents rebelled but before a world of imperfect yet redeemable humankind came into existence.
Why did Paul state that the arrangements considered in the opening verses of Ephesians came about "according to the riches of [God's] undeserved kindness"? He did that in order to emphasize that Jehovah was not obliged to redeem fallen mankind.
By nature, none of us have any merit by which we can earn redemption. However, moved by his deep love for the human family, Jehovah made special arrangements to rescue us. Considering our imperfection and sinfulness, our redemption truly is, as Paul said, an undeserved kindness.
Initially, God did not reveal how he would remedy the damage done by Satan. It was a "sacred secret." (Eph. 3:4, 5) Later, with the establishment of the Christian congregation, Jehovah revealed details of how he would accomplish his original purpose for mankind and the earth. "At the full limit of the appointed times," explained Paul, God put into operation "an administration," a system of administering matters that will lead to the unification of all his intelligent creatures.
The first stage of that unification began at Pentecost 33 C.E. when Jehovah started to gather those who would rule with Christ in heaven. (Acts 1:13-15; 2:1-4) The second stage would be the gathering together of those who will live on a paradise earth under Christ's Messianic Kingdom. (Rev. 7:14-17; 21:1-5) The term "administration" does not refer to the Messianic Kingdom, since that Kingdom was not established until 1914. Rather, the term refers to God's handling, or managing, of affairs so as to accomplish his purpose of restoring universal unity.
No doubt, good personal study habits will help you to grasp fully "the breadth and length and height and depth" of the truth. However, there can also be no doubt that man's current hurried lifestyle makes it easy for Satan to weaken—if not destroy—such habits. Do not allow him to do that to you. Use the "intellectual capacity" that God has given you to become "full-grown in powers of understanding." (1 John 5:20; 1 Cor. 14:20) Make sure that you understand why you believe what you believe and that you can always give "a reason for the hope in you."—1 Pet. 3:15.
Imagine that you were present in Ephesus when Paul's letter was first read. Would his words not have moved you to want to grow "in the accurate knowledge of the Son of God"? (Eph. 4:13, 14) Surely! Therefore, let Paul's inspired words move you in the same way today. Having a deep love for Jehovah and an accurate knowledge of his Word will help you to remain firmly "rooted and established on the foundation" of Christ. In that way, you will be able to endure during any storm that Satan may yet stir up against you before the complete end of this wicked world arrives.—Ps. 1:1-3; Jer. 17:7, 8.
"Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, for he has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly places in union with Christ, just as he chose us in union with him before the founding of the world, that we should be holy and without blemish before him in love. For he foreordained us to the adoption through Jesus Christ as sons to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, in praise of his glorious undeserved kindness which he kindly conferred upon us by means of his loved one. By means of him we have the release by ransom through the blood of that one, yes, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his undeserved kindness. This he caused to abound toward us in all wisdom and good sense, in that he made known to us the sacred secret of his will. It is according to his good pleasure which he purposed in himself for an administration at the full limit of the appointed times, namely, to gather all things together again in the Christ, the things in the heavens and the things on the earth."—Eph. 1:3-10.


Now for the Hood86 news!
Susan Batroukha Mondelo recently reconnected with Andrea Palmer Kibbe Hood'87. Her two boys (20 and 18 years old) are together at the University of Arizona in Tucson on full academic scholarships in the Honors Program. Her daughter just started middle school and is feeling quite grown up (at age 11) about it! Susan is working with the Department of Health and Human Services in Montgomery County in the Long Term Care Ombudsman program as an advocate for residents of long term care facilities such as nursing homes, assisted living facilities and small group homes. She is also in touch with and occasionally gets to see Ana Besu!
Mike Birmingham reminded me that he can no longer live vicariously through Madeline '14 who graduated May 17 with a B.A. in Elementary/Special Education. She was recently hired by FCPS and will be teaching second grade at Whittier Elementary this Fall. Madeline received honors in the Spring semester for the second consecutive year respectively, from Kappa Delta Pi education honor society and Chi Alpha Sigma national college athletic society.
Josie Espino Calix wrote to share that Petra Liz Morel was celebrating her birthday on July 12th. Lucy DeBrosse Ment, Maritza Bido and Josie Espino Calix were in attendance. Petra has two wonderful granddaughters, and she is an assistant superintendent. Lucy has a beautiful 2 yr old foster son, who is keeping her young and busy. She continues to work as a Spanish teacher in Brooklyn, NY. Maritza also continues to help children in the school system as well. She is the mother of two college students. Daniel just finished his freshman year and Saul will be a freshman this fall. Josie is also a Spanish teacher and soon will be the grandmother of another boy.
Mary Gillette Delgado writes that she is living in Chesapeake Virginia with husband Tony, stationed at Portsmouth Naval Hospital. They are almost empty nesters. Nick, 23, graduated from University of South Carolina this past May and is employed . Benjamin, 21, is at University of South Carolina, also studying international business. Only the 16 year old, Andrew, is left at home. She is a certified soccer mom between travel soccer (all over the state of Virginia) and high school soccer. Mary has been doing triathlons for the past 3 years because biking and swimming are ok substitutes if you can't run. She is also busy in her church with leading bible studies and community services. She keeps in touch with Jan Hess Howell, tho it's never quite enough. Every time she passes by a wisteria bush/ vine, she thinks of the Pergola and bumble bees.
Kellye Greenwald is working at the Walt Disney World Resort, recently promoted to Research Coordinator, and still making my cookies when she can. In her spare time, she loves driving down to Sanibel Island for midnight shell hunts to feed her craft habit.
Sheila Guth Snyder proudly shared that her daughter Alyssa graduated as a third-generation x-ray tech in May of 2013. Her other two daughters, Stephanie and Andrea, are in college right now.
Suzanne Hankel Kilduff's son Cameron graduated from high school this year and her daughter Sarah completed her 2nd year of college. Suzanne is working on her Masters of Science from Eastern Nazarene College and plans to become a therapist for the second half of her life.
Susan Hastings will be in Namibia the second half of August to attend a family wedding. This will be her fifth trip to that country in the last 20 years. For her 50th b-day, friends took her to a B&B up near Hershey PA and the room she was in had an African décor which was part of their surprise for her.
Chrysti Hogan and her wife, Jeanne, traveled to Alaska in early June, cruising through the inside passage and seeing whales, eagles and a moose! This "bucket list" trip was a celebration of their 20 years together as well as Chrysti's 50th birthday, and they enjoyed it immensely.
Christina Hom Wilson married Harold Dawson Jr in December, merging their two families in a lovely ceremony at home. She was able to attend a birthday celebration at the beach home of Stacey Robins Baum in April.
Lisa O'Brien recently moved into a new home in a gated community and says she needs to learn to play golf, since she lives on the 3rd hole. Her youngest, Michael, just completed his junior year at SUNY Cortland and is home for the summer. Her oldest, Bryan, is still playing the drums in his Soundgarden Tribute Band, and working full time. Her daughter, Elisabeth, is working on her graduate degree at Carlow University in Pittsburgh. She's also working as a server at an upscale Italian restaurant and just started a nanny job during the day. Lisa will visit her in August when she attends the wedding of Audrey Wilcox's daughter. Lisa is also traveling for much of the summer, heading to Mexico, San Diego, and Disney World! She is still working in the same school – 28 years now and still loves it.
Stacey Robins Baum chimed in to let us know that the Baum boys are headed west…Matthew graduated High School and is off to University of Michigan. Go Blue! Jared graduated with distinction from UVA Engineering, (dual major in Computer Science and Economics) and is now working at Epic Systems, Madison, WI, as a Developer, secretly wondering why they pay him to do a job he would do for free. Frank & Stacey have been too busy relocating their children, traveling and entertaining to realize that their nest has emptied. Stacey graciously hosted a fabulous 50th birthday celebration weekend in April – in attendance were Sarah Bowersox Cody (Hood'87), Jane Brophy Martinez, Alison Drum Althouse, Christina Hom Wilson, Jennifer Lee Matts, and Betsy Reed Ringel. It was a wonderful reunion of forever-friends… and aren't we all that, as HoodLums?
Jane Ruf Haley lives in Plymouth, MA and owns a high end women's consignment shop right in the downtown shopping district. The shop is called Tallulah's Unique Boutique. She also lives downtown in the heart of it with her three beautiful children.
Cameron Soulis was ordained to the priesthood on a beautiful day in June at the Washington National Cathedral. Cindy Bull Zeller '87, P'17 was there with her family. It was so wonderful to have both family and friends there to celebrate with her. In August, she will begin work as the lower school chaplain (grades 4, 5, 6) at National Cathedral School in Washington, DC, where she'll teach religion, plan and lead the weekly chapel services, and do pastoral care for everyone in the lower school. As if Cameron's life was not exciting enough, she got married on May 17th (to a man she met when a freshman at Hood), and graduated from Virginia Theological Seminary on May 22nd with her Masters in Divinity. What a year of milestones!
Elvy Vieira's news is that her youngest child, Danielle, completed her Associates and will be transferring to university this Fall.
Susan Walts married Mark Hietpas on February 8, 2014 in their home. Congratulations to you both!
Michael and I recently relocated to Forest Hill, MD when he took a new job with PayPal, located in Timonium. I'm still writing both blogs and now work at Boordy Vineyards as a wine pourer. Older son, Drew (Hood'12), is working on his Masters in Athletic Training and will be assigned to the USNA Football training staff this fall, so we'll see him often throughout the season. Younger son, Evan, graduated from UVA with a degree in Math and is now working at AgileX in Arlington, DC as a software analyst. We are currently unpacking our new home but will eventually have lots of space for visitors to the Baltimore area. Would love to share more with anyone – email me or find me on Facebook any time!


text:
Akamai Technologies, Inc. v. Limelight Networks, Inc., 797 F.3d 1020 (Fed. Cir. 2015), is a 2015 en banc decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, on remand from a 2014 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court reversing a previous Federal Circuit decision in the case. This is the most recent in a string of decisions in the case that concern the proper legal standard for determining patent infringement liability when multiple actors are involved in carrying out the claimed infringement of a method patent and no single accused infringer has performed all of the steps (so-called divided infringement). In the 2015 remand decision, the Federal Circuit expanded the scope of vicarious liability in such cases, holding that one actor could be held liable for the acts of another actor "when an alleged infringer conditions participation in an activity or receipt of a benefit upon performance of a step or steps of a patented method and establishes the manner or timing of that performance." In addition, the court held that where multiple "actors form a joint enterprise, all can be charged with the acts of the other[s], rendering each liable for the steps performed by the other[s] as if each is a single actor."

Background

The invention
The named inventors in U.S. Pat. No. 6,108,703 are Professor Tom Leighton of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and his student Danny Lewin (now deceased), a PhD candidate at MIT. They assigned their rights in the patent to MIT, which granted an exclusive license to Akamai Technologies, Inc., a company that the inventors formed in 1998.

The patent claims a method of delivering electronic data using a "content delivery network," or "CDN." Proprietors of Internet Web sites, known as "content providers," contract with Akamai to deliver their Web sites' content to individual Internet users. The patent provides for the designation of certain components of a content provider's Web site (often large files, such as video or music files) to be stored on Akamai's servers and accessed from those servers by Internet users. The process of designating Web site components to be stored on Akamai's servers is known as "tagging." By aggregating the data demands of multiple content providers with differing peak usage patterns and serving that content from multiple servers in multiple locations, Akamai is able to increase the speed with which Internet users access the content from Web sites.

The relevant claim of the patent provides as follows, where the italicized step can be performed by the customer rather than by the CDN operator (as it was by the defendant's customers involved in the lawsuit):

The conduct of Limelight
Limelight Networks, Inc., also operates a CDN and carries out several of the steps claimed in the patent. But instead of tagging those components of its customers' Web sites that it intends to store on its servers (a step included in the asserted claim of the patent), Limelight requires its customers to do their own tagging. Akamai and MIT claim that Limelight "provides instructions and offers technical assistance" to its customers regarding how to tag, but the record is undisputed that Limelight does not itself tag the components to be stored on its servers. (See italicized part of claim 34, above.)

Prior history
In 2006, Akamai and MIT sued Limelight in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts, claiming patent infringement. The case was tried to a jury, which found that Limelight infringed the patent and it found Limelight liable for more than $40 million.

But while the case was still pending, the Federal Circuit decided a case in which it held that to find direct infringement a single party must perform every step of a claimed method or else must exercise "control or direction" over the entire process so that "every step is attributable to the controlling party." Limelight therefore moved that the court grant it judgment as a matter of law (JMOL), and the court agreed with it, because infringement of MIT's  patent required tagging and Limelight did not control or direct its customers' tagging.

2012 Federal Circuit Ruling
A panel of the Federal Circuit affirmed the JMOL, explaining that a defendant that does not itself perform all of a patent's steps can be liable for direct infringement only when there is an agency relationship between the parties who perform the other method steps or when one party is contractually obligated to the other to perform the steps.

But the Federal Circuit then granted en banc review and reversed. The en banc court found it unnecessary to consider direct infringement under 35 U.S.C. § 271(a) because it concluded that the evidence could support a judgment in Akamai's favor on a theory of induced infringement under 35 U.S.C. § 271(b).

Supreme Court

Limelight sought review in the Supreme Court, which reversed. It held that induced infringement cannot occur without direct infringement. The Supreme Court said, "The Federal Circuit's analysis fundamentally misunderstands what it means to infringe a method patent." The Court insisted that Akamai's view "would deprive § 271(b) of ascertainable standards." The Court explained:

In the course of its ruling, the Supreme Court stated:

The Court added that "on remand, the Federal Circuit will have the opportunity to revisit the §  271(a) question if it so chooses."

Remand
After the 2014 Supreme Court reversal, the case returned to the Federal Circuit. In May 2015, a panel of the Federal Circuit once again addressed the jury verdict and found that Limelight is not liable for direct infringement. The court (2-1) reiterated the prior Federal Circuit rule as to divided infringement: there must be "a principal-agent relationship, a contractual relationship, or in circumstances in which parties work together in a joint enterprise functioning as a form of mutual agency." One judge dissented, arguing that the majority ruling "divorces patent law from mainstream legal principles by refusing to accept that § 271(a) includes joint tortfeasor liability" and it "creates a gaping hole in what for centuries has been recognized as an actionable form of infringement."

A panel of the Federal Circuit does not have the authority to overrule prior Federal Circuit law. For the court to overrule its prior case law, it must operate en banc. In this case, after the panel decision was rendered, the Federal Circuit vacated the panel decision and set the case for rehearing en banc.

2015 Federal Circuit Ruling

The en banc court characterized the problem as determining, when "more than one actor is involved in practicing the steps" of a method claim of a patent, whether the acts of one actor are attributable to the other actor such that second one is to be held "responsible for the infringement." The court said that it would hold one entity responsible for another's performance of method steps in two sets of circumstances:
 "where that entity directs or controls others' performance", and
 "where the actors form a joint enterprise."

In past cases, the court noted that it had held that "an actor is liable for infringement under § 271(a) if it acts through an agent (applying traditional agency principles) or contracts with another to perform one or more steps of a claimed method." To those two circumstances, the court held that it would now add a third:

The court noted that this is copyright law's "vicarious liability" rule as stated in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. Further, "Whether a single actor directed or controlled the acts of one or more third parties is a question of fact, reviewable on appeal for substantial evidence, when tried to a jury."

As for the joint enterprise  basis for liability, the court instructed that it would follow the rule of the Restatement (Second) of Torts § 491 cmt. b: "The law [...] considers that each is the agent or servant of the others, and that the act of any one within the scope of the enterprise is to be charged vicariously against the rest." This in turn calls for proof of four elements:

This too raises a question of fact, reviewable on appeal for substantial evidence, when tried to a jury.

Turning to the facts of the specific case before it, the court reversed the JMOL and reinstated the jury verdict. The court said that the jury had heard substantial evidence from which it could find that Limelight directed or controlled its customers' performance of each remaining method step that Limelight did not itself perform. such that all steps of the method are attributable to Limelight. For example, "Akamai presented substantial evidence demonstrating that Limelight conditions its customers' use of its content delivery network upon its customers' performance of" the "tagging" and "serving" steps of the patented process, and that "Limelight establishes the manner or timing of its customers' performance." The form contract that Limelight uses provides for the customer to do acts amounting to tagging and serving.

After further proceedings, the Federal Circuit remanded the case to the district court, for it to reinstate the 2008 jury verdict of infringement and the $40 million plus lost profits award. Limelight announced its intention to appeal the judgment to the U.S. Supreme Court, and on January 26, 2016, filed a certiorari petition. The question presented is:

The Supreme Court denied certiorari on April 18, 2016.

The Massachusetts District Court's July 2016 Final Ruling

On July 1, 2016, it was announced that the Massachusetts District Court entered the final judgment in the case, with Limelight paying $51M in total damages to Akamai (to be reflected in Limelight's 2016 Q2 earnings).

Commentary
 Professor Michael Dzwonczyk wrote that Akamai's patent claim "could easily have been rewritten as a single-actor method claim that would not require the performance of any step by a second actor," and provided a rewritten version.
 Harold Wegner also analyzed the patent-claim "wordsmithing" and showed how the litigation problem could have been avoided.
 Professor Jason Rantanen pointed out an odd quirk in the new doctrine. He observes in the Patently-O blog that "a party could be liable for inducement where it induced another party who itself performed some of the steps and the remaining steps were attributable to the induced party (even if performed by another [third party]).
 The PCK blog asserted:

 The Marathon Blog observes that the court's ruling that divided infringement now constitutes direct infringement, not induced or contributory infringement, makes litigation easier for patentees "since direct infringement does not have to meet the 'knowledge' and 'intent' requirements (as in induced infringement)."

 The University of Minnesota's Lawsciblog (Minn. J.L. Sci. & Tech.) opined that the case was important in providing a way for patentees to prevent "a possible way to dodge the direct infringement liability by inducing the consumers to perform some of actions of infringement." That is, the consumers could be held to be in a joint enterprise with the primary infringer, such as the party in Limelight's position.
 Beverly E Hjorth argues that the new divided-infringement rule of the Akamai case can usefully be asserted in the medical diagnostic field:

 Although Hjorth does not mention it, this is precisely the kind of patent unsuccessfully asserted in the Supreme Court's 2012 Mayo decision. Moreover, the asserted claim in that case suffered from the very defect that the Federal Circuit's en banc Akamai decision seeks to remedy. Perhaps the claim asserted in the Mayo case could be considered a joint-enterprise claim under Akamai.

 Professor John Golden, writing in the New Private Law Blog, sees the case as presenting "a fundamental dilemma":

Subsequent developments

Lilly v. Teva
In Eli Lilly & Co. v. Teva Parenteral Meds., Inc., the district court applied the Akamai ruling to find patent infringement. Lilly owns a patent on methods of administering a chemotherapy drug (brand name Alimta®, generic name pemetrexed disodium), followed or preceded by vitamin B12 and folic acid, which minimize the drug's toxic side effects. The defendants sought approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market generic forms of the chemotherapy drug along with instructions to doctors and patients that they should follow or precede the administration of the chemotherapy drug as the patent prescribes. As the court noted, FDA regulations require that the product labeling for a proposed generic version of an existing drug, such as Altima, must instruct physicians to follow exactly the claimed regimen, since the generic drug must be distributed with identical labeling to that for the original drug.

Thus the doctor treating the patient would, in addition to administering the chemotherapy drug, administer the vitamin B12 by injection at times and dosages as specified in the claims of Lilly's patent. However, the patients would obtain the folic acid by prescription written by the physician and take it themselves, according to the physician's instructions. The physician would not himself hand the folic acid to the patient or "physically place the folic acid into the patient's mouth."

The district court stated that "for purposes of this case, the Court must apply this most current articulation of the law of divided infringement as stated by the Federal Circuit in its most recent ruling." The court added that "the factual circumstances are sufficiently analogous to those in Akamai to support a finding of direct infringement by physicians under § 271(a), and thus inducement of infringement by Defendants under § 271(b), under the legal standard recently set forth by the Federal Circuit." The court rejected the defense argument that the patients were intervening agents who kept the process steps from being fully attributable to the doctors:

Akamai states that "liability under § 271(a) can also be found when an alleged infringer conditions participation in an activity or receipt of a benefit upon performance of a step or steps of a patented method and establishes the manner or timing of that performance." Here, the labeling says:

Furthermore, the labeling requires instruction that "[i]f the patient fails to carry out this step, he or she would not receive the benefit of the patented method, i.e. a reduction of potentially life-threatening toxicities caused by pemetrexed." And the labeling has the physician tell the patient to take "400 to 1000 micrograms of folic acid for at least five days out of the seven days prior to and during pemetrexed administration—and the patient is required to do so to receive the full benefit of the treatment." This corresponds to what Akamai states is a basis for finding liability. Accordingly, the court found that under Akamai performance of the method steps by the patients would be attributable to the physician and would thus constitute direct infringement by the physician under § 271(a). Thus, use of the defendants' products, who provided the necessary instructions, would result in the defendants' induced infringement of the physician, under § 271(b).

Medgraph v. Medtronic
In Medgraph, Inc. v. Medtronic, Inc. the Federal Circuit upheld a district court ruling that the new Akamai standard did not aid the patentee Medgraph in its suit because there was no "showing that Medtronic itself directly infringed the method claims or that it acted as a 'mastermind' by controlling or directing anyone else's direct infringement." Medgraph argued that it should prevail under the Federal Circuit's 2015 ruling that infringement could be found "when an alleged infringer conditions participation in an activity or receipt of a benefit upon performance of a step or steps of a patented method and establishes the manner or timing of that performance." But the Federal Circuit ruled that this theory did not apply because Medgraph could not show that the missing steps in its method for a doctor to diagnose a patient were actually performed by the patient and doctor. The accused infringer may have instructed users how to use the invention to infringe the patent, but it did not require that those steps be followed or necessarily receive some benefit upon their performance.

The Federal Circuit said, first, that there was no direct infringement under the new theory:

There was also no indirect infringement, because "indirect infringement is predicated on direct infringement," which was absent here.

References

2014 in United States case law
2015 in United States case law
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit cases
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
United States patent case law

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text:
Q: how can I fix the error message: "the file is readonly" in cplex? when I run my configurations, it says that I have an error:" IBM ILOG Concert: Error: The file is readonly." What does that mean and how can I fix that?
Thank you

A: "Error: The file is readonly." means the process is trying to write to a file, but the process only has permissions to read the file.
The issue is likely due to installing/setting up as root, then running as non-root, but it's difficult to say without knowing more details like what file is being complained about, what permissions it has, and how you set up this process

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Former Arsenal and Chelsea full-back Ashley Cole may be on his way back to English football in 2019 with a Championship club, according to a report.
Ashley Cole could reportedly be offered a return to English football by a number of clubs following his release by Los Angeles Galaxy.
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text:
Q: Excel: Create index row from cell contents I have a Number in A15, and I need to use that number to fill row #10 with values so if A15 = 8 for example the contents of row #10 would be...
    A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I   J
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 9
10  1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8

Any help would be greatly appreciated..
Thanks in advance

A: Try this basic formula in A10,
=IF(COLUMN()<=$A$15, COLUMN(), "")

Fill right as necessary to populate the cells in row 10.


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Note that "meat" meant any kind of food.
I have posted a short list of confusing "false friends" at my blog (Jan. 12 entry; I've somehow munged the template so that for the moment I can't link to individual entries).
Is there any way to find out what day of the week these dates are? It would be useful to know if a particular date is a Sunday, for instance.
I second that request. I would very much like to see the day of the week included in the date header. I would almost prefer that the entries matched the day of the week rather than the date, but I think it is already too far set in to motion for such a change now. Including the day of the week in the header would be a mighty helpful bit of information. It is quite hard to follow the day-to-day life of Pepys when we don't even know which day of the week it is.
On another note, I've been wanting to post something like this for a while, but It doesn't seem appropriate to post such a note in the annotations of some random entry. Could we get a forum going that is open to more generalised discussions of the diary. This will help keep the annotations more specific to the individual entries over time.
the 12/01/1659 was a Sunday according to the Georgian Calendar.
The reason I haven't included days of the week is because Pepys didn't in his diary, apart from occasionally marking a Sunday as "Lord's Day" or "Sunday". I can see it can be confusing though, so if there are any suggestions as to the best way to remedy this, let me know.
I use http://www.pepysdiary.com/about/ to mention general diary topics, but obviously this is only of use to me! I could start a Yahoo! Group, or similar, for general discussion if people think this is a good idea. Although it would almost be a shame to remove any discussion from the site where it will be harder to find for future readers. Any thoughts?
The 12-01-1659/60 would have to be a Thursday.
4 days ago it was Sunday as marked by the diary entry.
The whole subject of dates has previously been discussed. January 1st wasn't considered the start of the year until 18th centuary.
There is a link in a previous annotation to the correct date system.
Contrary to Brian's suggestion, 12/01/1659 must be a Thursday. On 1 January and 8 January Pepys attends worship at Mr Gunning's. These days would have been Sundays - and Pepys himself marks the 8th as one.
We also have some annotations about days of the week under the Jan. 3 entry, along with another site to look them up.
Here you see an excellent reason why the days of the week should be added [in brackets] with each entry; otherwise we'll be having this discussion every week or so.
re: the 12/01/1659 was a Sunday according to the Georgian Calendar.
It is important to remember that the UK, Ireland, British American possessions and the other possessions did not use the Gregorian calendar until the British Calendar Act of 1751. They used the Julian calendar which was already 10 days out of step by 59/60. So Sunday the 1st of January 1659/1660 in the Julian calendar was in fact Sunday the 11th January 1660 if you were to use the current calendar.
For those interested, the differences between the Julian and Gregorian calendar came about because of differences in the way leap years are assigned, in the Julian every 4 years was leap, but under the Gregorian it was every 4 years except for centauries where the year was not divisible by 400. Pope Gregory adopted the calendar in 1582 and most catholic countries followed soon afterwards. It took until 1752 for the UK to fix it's calendar.
There is a simple rubrics for remembering the dates if the day is.
The calendar problem was Easter.
In the 6th century, the current formula for scheduling Easter was determined -- the Sunday after the full moon after the spring equinox. The Julian calendar assumed that the year was 365.25 days long (so every four years had an extra day to keep the calendar was drifting). The formula for Easter assumed that the equinox was on March 21st, which it was, approximately, in the 6th century. It also assumed that that didn't drift.
But there aren't 365.25 days in a year, there are (approximately) 365.2422 days between vernal equinoxes, so over 1000 years that extra 11m14s per year added up to about 8 extra days -- which meant Easter was in danger of being scheduled incorrectly.
This was demonstrated to Pope Gregory, complete with a revised estimate of the length of the year. The solution he accepted was to a) drop a few days from the calendar to bring the equinox back to March 21st, and b) modify the calendar to drop 3 days over the course of every 400 years, adjusting the average length of the year to 365.2425 days (long by 26s/year).
Pope Gregory made his change official in 1582, but by that time, Henry VIII had already separated England from the authority of the Pope, and his daughter Elizabeth was on the throne. England saw no need to change its calendar to meet Papal decrees.
By 1750, the calendars across the English channel differed by about 10 days, the "official" new years differed by several months (England traditionally changed years on March 25th), and the increasing foreign trade of the time was being hampered by the calendar differences. So Parliament changed the calendar to align it with the Gregorian one.
Philip Holland, captain of the Assurance, Mountagu's flagship during his Baltic expedition in 1659 (according to Latham-Matthews).
Here's a little puzzle for you (and no peeking ahead in the diary): Since, by the custom of the time, we're still in 1659, when does the next February 29th come?
Does the diary go out of sync with the current calendar next month, or didn't Pepys see a February 29th until next year -- 1660 by his reckoning and 1661 by ours.
Add me to the vote for days of the week, I find it interesting and hope that as this goes on a weekly pattern will develop. Also, as someone else has said, it helps me to keep track if I fall behind.
"and in discourse broke to my wife what my thoughts were concerning my design of getting money by, &c."
It seems that they led a fairly happy marriage and he valued her opinions.


text:
Harry Fielding Reid (Baltimore,  — Baltimore, ) foi um geofísico estadunidense.

É conhecido por suas contribuições à sismologia, particularmente sua teoria do ricocheteio elástico, que relaciona falhas geológicas aos terremotos.

Publicações

Membros da Academia Nacional de Ciências dos Estados Unidos
Geofísicos dos Estados Unidos
Naturais de Baltimore


text:
Home/Stories/In What Ways Can India Achieve Success As A Leading Defense Exporter?
In What Ways Can India Achieve Success As A Leading Defense Exporter?
Samiya Saeed Send an email November 16, 2022
In What Ways Can India Achieve Success As A Leading Defence Exporter?
The administration introduced intentions to create two defense corridors in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu in the 2018–19 General Finances. This will contribute to filling the manufacturing gap for domestic defense products and is consistent with India's Make in India and Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) defense campaigns.
"This signifies the start of self-reliance in the Indian Defense sector," said Defence Minister Rajnath Singh. This exhibition has demonstrated that India is where the future is at. This exhibition has further demonstrated India's potential as a center for the production of defense goods.
DefExpo 2022 will mark two firsts: it will be the first defense expo in India that is only for Indian enterprises, and seven new companies that were formerly a part of the Ordinance Factory Board will be exhibiting. 75 nations will be participating, and the defense ministers of 45 of those nations will be from Africa.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi stated at the most recent DefExpo-2022 that despite the worldwide monopoly of a few corporations, India is poised to become a major defense equipment maker. He was making a veiled reference to India's goal of being a net exporter of defense technology and gear. Defense Minister Rajnath Singh set the export goal for 2025 at Rs 35,000 crore during the event's curtain-raiser. The private sector has a crucial role to play in accomplishing these goals, according to both of the senior executives.
But, it is crucial to evaluate the general condition of India's defense procurement and determine where it stands in contrast to the top exporter of weapons in the world before diving into the ways that private defense enterprises can assist.
What is the situation with India's defense purchases
Despite possessing the second-largest military in the world, import dependence has been a major worry for India's defense industry. In research released by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), India was ranked as the second-largest importer of defense goods between 2012 and 2016. In the years that followed, from 2017 through 2021, India eventually overtook other countries as the top importer. For a country aiming to achieve "Aatmanirbharta" (self-reliance) in terms of defense, this is undoubtedly an issue.
When it comes to defense exports, the US holds a very comfortable first-place position globally. Due to the fact that the top private arms producers in the world, including Lockheed Martin, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, and Raytheon Technologies, are headquartered in the US, it has a significant advantage over its rivals. India, on the other hand, is ranked 23rd in the SIPRI arms transfer report for 2022.
In recent times, India has appeared to be imitating the private-led manufacture-cum-export model in the US. India didn't fully open up its defense industry to private firms until 2001. More than 300 private businesses have already been granted industrial licenses, and more than 100 of them have already started large-scale manufacturing.
The sector also permits 100% foreign direct investment (FDI) through the government route, while only 74% of FDI is permitted for businesses applying for new licenses via the automatic method. The Indian government has taken a number of actions in recent years to promote increasing manufacturing from the private sector.
Promoting Indigenization
The government's positive indigenization list, which is a list of defense requirements that will only be purchased from indigenous suppliers, is a significant undertaking. Sunil Misra, Director General of the Society of Indian Defence Manufacturers, claims that the government's purpose is truly demonstrated by the release of the "positive list" as a major policy initiative.
The combination of India's intellectual capital, a supportive political climate, entrepreneurs' propensity for taking calculated risks, and a capable manufacturing sector, he continues, "will herald a scenario where the private sector in the defense domain would play a big role."
Additionally, domestic procurement has been allocated about 68% of the defense sector's capital expenditure budget. Private businesses in India are able to produce their goods in a thriving, competitive market thanks to such a guaranteed demand from the nation's armed services.
However, using highly advanced technology in indigenous defense manufacturing necessitates significant expenditures on research and development (R&D) activities. In the field of R&D, private sector initiative has thus far been deemed wanting. As stated in the Union Budget for 2022–23, roughly 25% of R&D expenditures have been set aside for the private sector.
Even so, is that enough funding? India invests 6% of its defense budget on research and development, compared to leading producers like the USA and China, who each spend about 12% and 20%. This suggests that if India is serious about its indigenization objectives, it can perform better by investing more of its resources in R&D.
Top-Down Approach
Private manufacturers have, up until now, expressed concern about their over-reliance on foreign original equipment manufacturers (OEM) for their technology. Mahindra Defence & Mahindra Aerospace Chairman SP Shukla is hopeful that things can change. In his words, "We will have a better degree of independence even in the sphere of essential technologies as the technology transfer funnel expands with the increased involvement of private sector companies."
According to Sachin Agarwal, managing director of PTC Industries, which produces high-quality components for aerospace and defense, India used an inverted pyramid strategy to create the environment for defense manufacturing before private enterprises were granted more freedom in that area. Instead, he recommends a bottom-up approach. "If we simply focus on system-level end goods, like tanks, aircraft, submarines, etc., we will continue to rely on foreign partners and their cooperation. And that will reduce domestic manufacturers' potential," he claims.
Agarwal also suggests targeted measures for creating ecosystems based on supply chains. He asks for targeted policies on core manufacturing technologies with cross-platform applicability in the defense sector, citing semiconductor policy as an example. Only with the cooperation of the public and private sectors can such policy-level changes be successfully implemented.
The infrastructure needed to develop everything from scratch was not in place when the sector was wholly controlled by the public sector. This is the original cause of the import reliance. Supply chain deficiencies are now obvious because the private sector is actively participating. To close these gaps, public-private collaborations can be quite effective.
One of India's top defense firms, MKU, according to managing director Neeraj Gupta, "We are still reliant on sourcing crucial components from foreign sources, which constitute a sizeable portion of the value chain. The Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Indian Space Research Organizations (ISRO), and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) must get involved in creating a national center of excellence for the production of strategic materials and involve the private sector in a rapid co-development process.
A private aerospace business based in Delhi named Samtel Avionics has already teamed up with the DRDO and BEL (Bharat Electronics Limited) to build a number of crucial parts for the Su-30 MKI fighter jet used by the Indian Air Force. Cost competitiveness, according to Samtel's managing director and CEO Puneet Kaura, is crucial for gaining global manufacturing leadership.
"Business growth depends on cost-competitiveness, which can only be realized if critical mass is reached through additional orders," he claims. Additionally, the Indian industry must keep up with the technology's widespread adoption throughout the design lifecycle. There is still a long way to go, according to industry experts who have observed public-private partnerships over the past few years, despite the fact that we are moving in the right direction.
Proceeding With Caution But In The Appropriate Direction
Despite their relatively recent existence, private Indian defense firms appear to have already made some significant contributions. A senior MoD official said earlier this year that India sold defense products and technology worth a record-breaking Rs 13,000 crore. This was an increase of 54.1% from the prior year. According to reports, the private sector produced 70% of the exports.
The media has also covered numerous high-profile joint ventures by private manufacturers. Airbus Defence and Tata Advanced Systems Limited (TASL) are working together to produce the C-295 military transport aircraft, while the Kalyani Group of Pune and the Paramount Group of South Africa are producing M4 armored vehicles, and Jindal Defence and Taurus Armas S.A. are negotiating to produce small arms together.
The value and promise of India's private defense industry are without dispute. To become a net exporter in the defense sector, India will need to increase its R&D spending, adopt a bottom-up strategy to reduce its reliance on imports, and offer greater incentives to private enterprises in the years to come.
See also India, the sixth-largest economy in the world, affected by the exodus of EM investors
Defence export defence goods Defence sector India's export Indian Government private sector
Samiya Saeed
Here's why Elon Musk's talk of a Twitter bankruptcy is premature
Zomato is developing a new loyalty program following the closure of Pro and Pro Plus.
The global economy is looking for a new powerhouse and India is stepping up.
By Samiya Saeed
What Awaits E-commerce Startups in 2023 Amid a 63% Drop in Funding in 2022?
Indian Startups: A Significant Reminder To All Startups, Investors And Founders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Now who you gon' call?
If you have a riff with, people wanna bust, break out!
Front and center, now where ya lip at kid?
(The Wild, Wild West) The wild wild west bring in the heat, bring in the Heat, what?
Share your thoughts on "Wild Wild West" by Countdown Dance Masters.


text:
Research ArticleImmunology
Distinct single-cell signaling characteristics are conferred by the MyD88 and TRIF pathways during TLR4 activation
Zhang Cheng1,2,*,
Brooks Taylor1,2,*,
Diana R. Ourthiague2, and
Alexander Hoffmann1,2,†
1Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences and Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
2San Diego Center for Systems Biology and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
↵†Corresponding author. E-mail: ahoffmann{at}ucla.edu
Science Signaling 14 Jul 2015:
Vol. 8, Issue 385, pp. ra69
DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa5208
Zhang Cheng
Brooks Taylor
Diana R. Ourthiague
Alexander Hoffmann
For correspondence: ahoffmann@ucla.edu
Fine-tuning the inflammatory response
The pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) binds to the bacterial product lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response in macrophages, which depends on the transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). At the plasma membrane, the LPS-TLR4 complex recruits the adaptor protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation marker 88); however, upon internalization into endosomes, TLR4 recruits the adaptor protein TRIF (TIR domain–containing adaptor protein-inducing interferon-β). Through a combination of mathematical modeling and single-cell imaging analysis, Cheng et al. found that whereas MyD88 was required for the initial peak of transient NF-κB activation in all LPS-stimulated cells, TRIF was required for more sustained NF-κB activation in a subset of cells. As discussed in the Focus by Williams et al., these data suggest that macrophages use both adaptor proteins to fine-tune NF-κB activation to induce an appropriate inflammatory response.
You are going to email the following Distinct single-cell signaling characteristics are conferred by the MyD88 and TRIF pathways during TLR4 activation
By Zhang Cheng, Brooks Taylor, Diana R. Ourthiague, Alexander Hoffmann
Science Signaling 14 Jul 2015 : ra69
Mathematical modeling and imaging analysis reveal the relative contributions of two adaptor proteins to the activation of NF-κB in macrophages.


The Mad Ranter: Vista scares the hell out of me.
Yet another update comes through on Friday, but not one that keeps demanding that the computer be restarted. Trouble is with Vista is that setting the power button to Shutdown when there's an update seems to mean Shutdown and restart which is annoying.
So I use the Start menu's shutdown option which just does half the update and finishes up when I next reboot it. This takes time.
So I switch it on this morning and go and sort out other things and I come back to see the equivalent of a DOS prompt with registry keys flashing past.
I let it run and everything's fine, but damn not what I needed after the weekend I had.


text:
IT.COM signs on as the Presenting Sponsor at the London Domain Summit
by Binary News Network May 22, 2022 0109
London, UK, 22nd May 2022, ZEXPRWIRE, The London Domain Summit is a two-day networking event that brings together domain name buyers, sellers, investors, domain brokers, web developers, accountants and lawyers from all over the UK, Europe and from around the world.
IT.COM will be the Presenting Sponsor for the London Domain Summit 2022.
IT.COM offers you the opportunity to register a domain in a new, third level zone; *.it.com. This domain zone is an alternative to the .com zone, where the price of an premium domain name may be in tens of millions of dollars.
London Domain Summit will be held on August 22-23, and it is expected to attract over 500 different individuals and companies in the domain name industry. As such, it is the largest in-person business event in the UK devoted to domain name buyers, sellers and investors.
IT.COM is stepping up its presence in the domain name industry by offering to register third level domains under IT.COM (for example, hosting.it.com), and this event is a great opportunity for them to get maximum exposure to talk to the UK domainers in person.
This year's event will be held at a award winning Asian restaurant Yum-Sa, and the restaurant will be transformed into a networking space. Apart from the indoor space, Yum-Sa has two outdoor spaces that can facilitate 50 people each.
Tickets are free and available now through EventBrite: https://summitlondon.eventbrite.com/
Interesting fact: there are only 10 free tickets released each day (10 for each of the days).
London Domain Summit brings together experts from the domain name industry to foster interaction among partner companies, individual domainers and a growing ecosystem of successful domain investors in the UK.
Domain Name Summit provides a truly unique opportunity to al the domain name industry professionals to experience ultimate networking experience
To learn more about London Domain Summit, visit: https://summit.london
London Domain Summit Limited is an organisor of the London Domain Summit. Our mission is to organise networking events for the UK domain name industry professionals. The company owner is Helmuts Meskonis, who is also the owner of a global web hosting brand HostMaria.com.
Helmuts Meskonis
Tel/WhatsApp: +447494142055
Telegram: https://t.me/helmutsm
London Domain Summit Limited
London Domain Summit Ltd
Suite M6, Maidstone Old Library
St. Faiths Street, Maidstone
ME14 1LH, United Kingdom
The post IT.COM signs on as the Presenting Sponsor at the London Domain Summit appeared first on Zex PR Wire.
LuckyDao, the Next Unicorn in the Web 3.0 Gamefi Ecology, has Launched Gamefi Ecology and Released Official White Paper
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Hair Extensions of Houston Creatively Reshapes Hair by Taking into Consideration Its Health and Porosity
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Southwest Florida Real Estate Group Becomes the Preferred Choice of Home Buyers Looking for Florida Homes


text:
Everfree Roleplays
Roleplay World
Open The end
By Finesthour,
February 16, 2012 in Everfree Roleplays
Finesthour 7,277
Finesthour
Title: The Finest Hour
The ravenous fire eats away at anything it touches. Putting out it's dangerous touch, it could kill millions if never stopped. The end of the world is neigh, and nothing can be helped. Discord defeated the Elements of Harmony, bringing chaos to the world. The ponies of Equestria are left to fend for themselves in this apocalyptic world. These are their stories.
Sweat poured down the brow of Rose as she looked outside of her window to see Chaos literally falling from the sky. From hell fire pouring out of the clouds to the demons who flew in the sky, the world was completely coming to an end. At the center of the sky, a cloud shaped like the head of the demon who started this all looked as if it was mocking the world below it, knowing the chaos would eventually end this world. Her heart began to beat faster and faster as she stared on, tears forming in her eye sockets.
Breaking away from the window, Rose's panic was now striking her heart. Thoughts of death were swimming in her mind, turning her reason into a little voice at the back of her head.
Finesthour 28 posts
NeverNeverland 17 posts
Electrobolt 17 posts
Strong Hooves 27 posts
The ravenous fire eats away at anything it touches. Putting out it's dangerous touch, it could kill millions if never stopped. The end of the world is neigh, and nothing can be helped. Discord defeate
(Are we restarting this?)
http://mlpforums.com/topic/6666-cloud-chaser/
Cloud flew as fast as he could, trying his best to avoid the inferno raining down around him. His mind was racing at a million miles a minute, I gotta get outta this!! Gotta find shelter!!. He suddenly felt a sharp pain as his wing met with the raining fire, "AGGHH!!" he yelled as he lost control, he crashed near a small flower shop, "Somepony! Help!" he called out, hoping somepony was still alive...
Electrobolt 2,068
Electrobolt
Title: 102 Processing
EB was currently in his house, freaking out. Fire was raining down outside! Not only that, but the roof had caught on fire! "No... What's going on???" he asked to no one in particular. His parents were nowhere to be seen anywhere as they had died when he was younger. The fire was starting to spread through the house now, as he began to panic. "I... I gotta get outta here!" He then made a mad dash to the nearest exit he could find, which was a window, as he tried to open it as fast as he could. "Come on... Open...! Stupid thing..." he mumbled as the window refused to budge. "Come ON!!!" After a few more minutes, the window finally swung open as the rest of the house began to be consumed by flames. Wasting no time, he leapt out of the window and began to find new shelter, the young colt's home now consumed in flames.
(Geez... Took me a while to think this up X_X Hope it's all good)
Rose's ears perked up as she heard an unknown voice sound outside of her home. The voice came from what she thought was a young colt screaming for help, and she knew that she had to help the poor soul. The voice of reason in the back of her head screamed for her to stop and to stay in her home by herself, knowing that she could put her life in mortal danger. In response, Rose shouted out,
"Don't worry, I will save you!" She knew that this sounded very cliche, but she did not know how to better state the situation. Trotting to her door, she opened it quickly and screamed,
Cloud looked in the direction of a voice calling to him, seeing a cream colored mare telling him to come inside. He quickly sprinted into the building, skidding to a halt as he gasped for breath and patting out the still glowing embers on his singed wing, "Thank you! Thank you so much! I thought I was a goner for sure!" he said gratefully...
While continuing to find a suitable shelter, EB had heard something like another pony calling out to someone. *What?* he thought. *Who was that, and where did that come from?* He then looked around, trying to find the source of the sound he heard. "Hello?" he called out. "Anypony still here???"
Rose gently smiled at the colt who had ran into her home, slowly closing the door behind her. Walking away from the colt but still in front of him, she got in front of his face. Staying a distance that was far enough for comfort she said,
"Who are you..." She did not trust this colt at all, but she was no monster. If she knew a little about this colt, she might even learn to live with him. Rose saw that he had a signed wing as he attempted to pat them out, sending sadness through her body, with a small amount of pride. If she had not opened the door, would he of died?
Cloud looked at her, unsurprised by her question, "The name is Cloud Chaser... pleased to meet you" he smiled slightly, but it then faded, sighing he added, "Unfortunately our meeting had to be under such terrible circumstances". He then proceeded to stretch out his wing, wincing as the burn began to sting...
NeverNeverland 1,939
Title: Go And Live - Stay And Die!
*In the name of all... why didn't I listen to Hunter when he said to come train with the family?!*
Agent White was diving around in the air, trying to avoid the fires that rained from above. He was practically breathless as he managed to take cover under the balcony of the Town Hall. He shook his head in surprise, still trying to understand why these events had to happen. White continued to scan the area as he saw many other ponies scream in agony as they felt the fire burn them to their very core, until he noticed a house that wound up still being in tact. He also noticed a small pony struggling around in the weather, looking for cover...
*What is that kid doing...?* White thought to himself, until he heard a loud BANG! coming from behind.
Rose's pity for the poor Colt exploded in her heart as she slowly came closer to him. She gently called out,
"I'm so sorry about your wings..." Wanting to help him with all of her heart, she reached her hoof out and brushed away the broken feathers that were on his wings. She called out again and said,
"Follow me, I might have something to help your wounds." Rose slowly put down his wing and turned around to the stairs that led to her room and stopped to turn her head to the colt.
"Are you coming?"
Cloud was surprised by the mare's sudden kindness, with a small smile he stood up and began to follow her. "This is really nice of you miss... uh... I dont think I caught your name" he blushed in embarassment when he realized he had forgotten to ask his savior's name...
SuperTheAwesome 198
SuperTheAwesome
(Assuming I was accepted...)
Lunar Swirl stared out the window at the burning flames, sweat pouring down his face. There was no way to escape this place. He was on the second floor to his house, and everything around his bedroom was on fire. In Lunar's room there was a bed and a shelf containing awards from various competitions. And all of it was about to burn.
Lunar realized something. He was staring out of a window. There was an escape. He grabbed the bottom of the window, attempting to pull it up, when he felt pain coming his tail. It was on fire! His entire room was on fire! There was no time, his tail was on fire and so was the rest of his room. He dived through the window.
Neikos 968
Neikos
Retired Staff
Title: Initiating Coding Sequence...
( http://mlpforums.com/topic/6827-george-gray/ Joining in! )
George stayed at home tonight, after all it was his day off, and he normally never gets a day off. On the kitchen table was everything a pony needed to be relaxed. A hot tea, loads of free time, and pancakes! He had just made them and was getting ready to eat them as a smell of burnt wood entered his nose. He blinked and looked around, trying to find the source of the smell. It was in the Living room. He immediately acted and got a blanket, covering the still small fire. Only, the blanket now also started to burn! "Buck! Hmm.. this won't work.", he turned around and saw that now his whole house started to burn down. His instinct basically saved him: He jumped into the kitchen, rolling on the floor, where he grabbed the pancakes, took a last sip of his tea and jumped out of the window. The pancakes in his mouth were flailing everywhere, like if they tried to save themselves, either from him or the fire rain. George managed to evade most of the flames, but for how long?
(Cricket (I'll always call you that because that's who I know you by xD ) I'm assuming that kid you saw was me? )
While EB continued looking around, he then heard a loud bang noise. "Wah!" he jumped in surprise. "What was that???" He then looked around, nervous about everything that was going on now. *I've got to find shelter... NOW...* he mentally spoke to himself as he continued searching.
Rose slowly turned her head as her mane swirled around as she said,
"Rose. My name is Rose." She followed what she said with a smile that spread across her face and said,
"I'm glad you're ok by the way." Turning her head again due to seeing him blush, she realized that her face was now completely covered in the blood of embarrassment. Rose had not a clue why her face was red as she spent all of her time with her plants, emotions something she almost never really felt.
Cloud smiled a little wider as she introduced herself, "Well I am ok thanks to you Miss Rose" he saw her turn away, was she blushing?, he thought to himself...
White was blown by the impact of the explosion, sending him into the open to be rained on by flames. He struggled to get up as he could feel his whole back and wings burn with intensity. He let out a yelp before trying to get up, hoping that nopony and everypony heard him cry out like that. White turned around to find the Town Hall, completely engulfed in an inferno, making it seem as if it were laughing at Agent's demise. He turned back, fixating his eyes on the house he saw earlier - still in tact and more stable than the other houses.
He also looked back at the green pony, still looking for shelter. *Oh my... what do I- OW!- do?!* Agent thought, wincing a bit.
Rose called out without turning her head with,
"Please, just call me Rose." Rose opened the door at the top of the stairs that led into her room, which was covered with rose wallpaper on the walls. Flowers were placed at random locations around the room, and the aroma of rose's drifted throughout the entire room. For a moment, Rose forgot all about the danger outside and the colt around her, escaping into the mindset that she was just laying her head down for a nap like any other normal day.
She snapped her head back when the realization hit her that Cloud had stepped into her room, reminding her of the danger that was occurring outside. Blinking away tears that were threatening to form, Rose stepped over the her bathroom that was at the other corner of the room across from her bed and brought out ointment. She held the ointment by wrapping her hoof around it like she did with her garden tools and walked up close to Cloud, almost directly on his face.
"Now stand still, this might sting for a second."
Cloud blushed slightly at her being so close,Gosh she's gorgeous, he thought, he then breathed in, bracing for the ointment as she was about to apply it...
When he heard the yelp, EB stopped as he looked in the direction of where that sound came from. When he did, he spotted another pony, lying on the ground. *Oh no...* he thought, beginning to run over towards White. "Hey!" he then called out to the injured pony. "Hold on, I'm coming over!"
Agent snapped to attention when he heard the pony that he noticed call out to him. To his dismay, he was actually coming over to help Agent up. White shook his head at this and got up to his feet. "No! NO!" He cried. "Find safety! Go find some cover and be safe!"
Rose slowly pulled away from his forehead and lifted up her right hoof whole she stood up on her hind legs. She squeezed the ointment out of the bottle with her left hoof into her right, and rubbed her hooves together. She slowly moved her hooves to the base of his wings, lightly applying the ointment at the bottom. Once she was sure that enough ointment was on, she began to rub the entirety of his wings, making sure not to miss a single spot. She was determined to cover every wound on his wings and to make Cloud better for reasons that escaped her own mind. She decided not to think much about it and continued to lightly stroke his wings.
Cloud winced every now and then as she applied the ointment, but found the treatment almost soothing at the same time, he looked around Rose's room, looking at all the flowers that decorated it, "You have a very nice home" he decided to say...
EB continued anyways as he responded, "And leave you out here to die? I'd rather die myself than live with the fact that I left somepony to die when I had the chance to help them out!" As soon as he got next to White, he crouched down next to him and asked, "Are you able to at least get on my back?"
Rose's concentration broke as she slowly started to giggle, seemingly out of nowhere. With a pang of harassment, Rose realized she was acting like a small school filly. She managed to say through her giggling,
"T-thanks. I grew the plants myself." Rose wanted to slap herself again as she realized how stupid she must of sounded. She ran a flower shop and he must of seen the signs for the flowers. How could he not of known she was a gardener?


The University develops a range of HR programs where staff involvement and feedback is an important part of informing the program design and implementation. Here, you can review program documentation and submit your feedback for consideration.
Staff feedback helps to inform processes that support our culture and strategic direction. The myVoice Staff Opinion Survey is held every few years, and gives you the opportunity to have your say about ACU as a place to work, and how ACU is performing as an organisation.
The ACUSCC comprises of University, union and staff representatives, and is a forum for consultation on matters pertaining to the employment conditions of staff, including the ongoing implementation of the Enterprise Agreement.
Outlines the University's obligations to provide access to Union officers and other delegates. This includes the protocols for entry to ACU workplaces in accordance with the Fair Work Act.
Guidelines for staff participating in Employment Relations Committees.
A staff member of Australian Catholic University may choose to be assisted by a support person or a staff representative throughout a range of University employment relations procedures and processes. Several provisions of the Staff Enterprise Agreement, and related University Policies and provisions, state that a staff member may be either assisted by a support person and/or represented by their staff representative.


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