Well aren't nursery nativities an experience?! This was Little Man's first one and he has been chatting away about it for ages. We have practiced the songs and told him it's ok to be a shepherd and not a king. Here are 5 things that happened at Little Man's first nursery nativity.
1. Little Man walked in as a very smiley shepherd.
2. Little Man sat and sang jingle bells with the kings and the angels and my Mummy heart burst.
3. Little Man noticed us and ripped off his shepherds hat.
4. Little Man walked off stage and came to sit with me.
5. Little Man took all of his costume off and sulked in his pants for all to see.
As you can see we started off well!! Some kids didn't even get to the stage, plonking themselves on Mummy's lap instead. Little Man was loving it until he fully realised we were there then he decided that we looked like more fun. I bribed him with chocolate coins when we got home, I told him I would be very pleased if he went back on but he was having none of it. We ended up with a shepherd in his pants. It is certainly one for his 18th album!!!
I haven't even got any good photos because I was too busy smiling at him and mouthing the words trying to convince him to stay with his friends rather than head to me!
Bless him, it kind of made it all the more special. There were 40 odd parents and grandparents waving cameras at all the 3 year olds so it must have been pretty intimidating.
Proud of him none the less!!
What happened at your kids first nativity?
Aw what a great 1st nativity I think it's stuff like that, that makes them even better.
Aww! Bless him…..it sounds like you enjoyed it. A memory to treasure….
In my youngest girls first nativity she fell asleep….lol Even with everyone singing around her.
Kim Carberry recently posted…Christmas Foodie Creations from Tesco!
Haha! Bless him! Not got to Nativity stage yet with mine, but I used to help out with these things at my mum's infant school – always hilarious. #bestandworst Happy Christmas!
This is the cutest thing I've heard. I remember my mum used to hide to stop us absconding.
Caroline (Becoming a SAHM) recently posted…Is it all a bit too much?
My little man was the same, I do think it's a lot of pressure for little ones.
Ha ha! It was Ben's first nativity too, he was also a shepherd. His costume was like a dress, so he flashed his pants at everyone. He also looked incredibly young sitting on stage with his preschool friends. Definitely a heart-melting moment.
Sarah Howe (@RunJumpScrap) recently posted…My Christmas….
Brilliant post ❤ I have a fantastic picture of my daughter as the angel Gabriel at her nursery nativity with her finger well and truly rammed up her nostril boggle hunting She cringes even now at 13 so will be fantastic when her 18th comes round !


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Team effort impressed Lambert
Norwich manager Paul Lambert praised his team's efforts both in defence and attack after they won 2-1 against West Brom at The Hawthorns to consolidate their position in the top half of the Barclays Premier League.
It was a second consecutive away win for Norwich, who remain ninth in the table.
And Lambert said: "It was an absolutely fantastic result. I thought the lads were excellent. They defended really strongly when they had to and counter-attacked really quickly, which was great."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Club Sportiv Dante Botoșani, cunoscut sub numele de Dante Botoșani, sau pe scurt Dante, este un club de fotbal din Botoșani, România, care evoluează în prezent în . Clubul a fost fondat în 2002 și a jucat doar în ligi de amatori până în 2020, atunci când a promovat în Liga a III-a.

Istoric
Dante Botoșani a fost înființat în 2002 și a jucat doar în ligile de amatori până în 2020, când a promovat în Liga a III-a, după ce a câștigat Liga a IV-a Botoșani și grupa de baraj pentru promovare cu Sporting Vaslui și Viitorul Curița. În primul sezon petrecut în cel de-al treilea nivel al eșalonului de fotbal românesc, Dante s-a clasat pe locul 6 din 10.

Dante este deținut de Victor Mihalachi, un om de afaceri care a deținut și FCM Dorohoi, între 2010 și 2015. Echipa este considerată al doilea cel mai important club din județul Botoșani, după echipa de top FC Botoșani.

Stadion
Cel de-al doilea club al județului Botoșani și-a disputat meciurile de acasă pe Stadionul Municipal din Dorohoi, cu o capacitate de 2.000 de locuri. Unele dintre meciurile lor de acasă se joacă pe Baza Sportivă Bucecea, cu sediul în Bucecea, județul Botoșani, un teren de fotbal deschis în 2022, cu o capacitate de 500 de locuri și un gazon artificial.

Palmares
Liga a III-a

 Câștigători (1): 2021–22

Liga a IV-a – Județul Botoșani

 Câștigători (1): 2019–20
 Vicecampioni (1): 2012–13

Liga a V-a – Județul Botoșani

 Câștigători (1): 2018–19
 Vicecampioni (1): 2011–12

Oficialii clubului

Consiliul de administrație

Personalul tehnic actual

Sezoane

Referințe

Legături externe
 CS Dante Botoșani la frf-ajf.ro

Dante
Dante
Fondări în 2002
Liga a III-a

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Waidner ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Dennis Waidner (* 2001), deutscher Fußballspieler
 Michael Waidner (* 1961), deutscher Kryptologe


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The Housemistress had warned Janice the previous week: improve your Effort grade, or there'll be dire consequences.
The Weekly Reports at Bexhill contained two summaries: Effort and Results. Provided the girls were trying hard, there was considerable leeway on Results. The reverse was not true: if a girl was not putting her back into things, no matter how good her results, she' be in trouble. It was, after all, costing her parents a pretty penny to send her to Bexhill, so even if she was a high-flyer, she was still expected to exert herself. Scholarships to Ivy League universtities beckoned.
Alas, Janice was not particularly bright. She was - if truth be told - a bit thick. But alas this ineptitude was allied with terminal laziness. She had been awarded 'D's for Effort for the previous two weeks, and Miss Warner had told her that unless she pulled her socks up, she'd be in severe trouble. So when, this Friday, Janice got yet another 'D', Miss Warner gave the trembling girl a ferocious dressing-down.
"Right, I warned you. Bend over that table and lift up your skirt. You're getting six. Now stay still."
She lifted the tawse down from the hook on the wall, placed the heavy leather tongues across the width of Janice's knickers, and whipped the strap down. Janice howled. After the second stroke, she leaped up, clutching her bottom.
"I told you not to move. Bend over. We'll start again." But it proved so difficult to get Janice back into position that Miss Warner considered for a moment calling for the House Captain to come down and help her. Eventually, reluctantly, Janice took her place over the table again. Miss Warner whipped down Janice's knickers and swiped the tawse hard across both her cheeks. Janice yelled blue murder. At the next stroke, she thrust her hand behind her, trying desperately to shield her bottom. Miss Warner grabbed her wrist and pinioned it behind her back.
"So, we'll start yet again, for the third time! Now, hold your position or I'll fetch my cane."
Janice closed her eyes and prepared herself once more for the swish and 'thwack!' of the strap.
Images from The Penitents


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What devices can I connect to the AUX IN?
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Simply connect the output of the device to the AUX IN jack on the back of your Soundfreaq and select AUX as the source. Then begin playback and enjoy.
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Home » Mets 2012 Games » Mets Game 15: Loss to Giants
April 23, 2012 Mets 2012 Games Joe Janish
Mets Game 15: Loss to Giants
Giants 6 Mets 1
The weather conditions were reminiscent of those that might be experienced during an early season game at old Candlestick Park — cold, wet, windy. And as was often the case in those San Francisco games of yesteryear, the Giants beat the Mets.
Mets Game Notes
Tim Lincecum earned his first win of the season, allowing one run on four hits and five (!) walks in five innings. It was not a typical game for The Freak, who has struggled thus far this year. But, it was enough to beat the Mets.
Similarly, Miguel Batista didn't have "it" in this game, either. Though, is anyone sure what "it" might look like from the 41-year-old journeyman poet? This start reminded me of 2006, when the now departed Jose Lima and Geremi Gonzalez (among others) were given starts.
On the bright side, Jeremy Hefner — freshly promoted from AAA and no relation to Hugh — tossed three scoreless innings of relief. However, he was sent back down to the minors immediately after the game. Hmm … Batista allows 10 baserunners, 2 homers, and 6 runs in 3 2/3, and he's the one who stays. Hey, it's all about the long view (I guess?).
Kirk Nieuwenhuis had two more hits, including a double, from the leadoff spot. Not much else positive to discuss here. Next!
Next Mets Game
The Mets and Giants start it up again for the second game of a twi-night doubleheader and last game of the series. Dillon Gee and Madison Bumgarner duke it out.
Back Frankie Goes to Setup Role?
Next Mets Game 16: Loss to Giants
Tags: giants, jeremy hefner, miguel batista, tim lincecum
Quick Thoughts On Wild Card Night
Mets Game 162: Win Over Marlins
Mets Game 161: Loss to Marlins
Joe April 24, 2012 at 1:25 pm
On Twitter, the official word — beyond parody — is that the Mets lost, but hey, good bullpen. The same could have been said about the night game, huh? I see Bay is hurt now. Really? That start was some tease.


Tell us how you both found out about the International Reggae Poster Contest 2013 and what was it that attracted you to participate?
We had seen the posters from the First International Reggae Poster Contest in the past and loved the results and the idea behind the initiative, so when graphicart-news.com posted about the 2013 Contest we were stoked and started brainstorming.
Why a collaboration on this poster?
We have been working in various projects since we met in Architecture School in 2005, so entering the competition with a collaboration was our first thought. We have worked as a team in the fields of architecture, photography and graphic design, we have similar taste and it is a natural process for us to work together.
What inspired the concept for "King Alpha and Queen Omega"?
Before the contest our knowledge about reggae music was purely through experience. Being casual listeners we never had the opportunity to learn about Reggae music genres and its history, especially in correlation with the Rastafari culture. So the contest actually got us to make a small research on the subject. We wanted to explore how reggae addresses the relationship between man and woman and many interesting things came up.
Our design finally settled on the idea of equality among men and women, and focuses on the "kings and queens" concept, a recurring theme in rastafari and reggae culture. The Revelation quote: "I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, … which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty … the first and the last."(Revelation 1:8, and 22:13) has been a key lyrical concept. In our poster we recreated the original pair of King Alpha and Queen Omega (Emperor Haile Selassie I -Jah Rastafari- and Empress Woizero Menen Asfaw) as viewed in everyone of us.
We thought the song "Glory to the Kings" by Groundation is a good match for our poster.
Who worked on what aspect of the poster?
Starting this project, we followed a process that we have established throughout our collaborations and is characteristic of all our work together. We usually begin by throwing ideas on the table, and in this case we did a lot of research to find ways to tie our ideas together with existing themes in reggae culture. After outlining the basic concept, we split the work between us, with Pinelopi creating the lineworks and Anastasia the layout, and once all our basic elements were put together, final adjustments were made and we experimented with colors and details. Usually the whole process is so tight-weaved that we can't really say "who did what" in terms of creative elements, we just respect each other's personal view of the theme and build up on each other's skill.
Out of 1,100 submissions, 5th place is a great place to be, were you surprised?
It was definitely a surprise. We worked with the intention to land among the 100 posters, but finding ourselves right there on the first row was awesome!
You are both from Greece, tell us what the reggae scene is like there? When did you become interested in this genre of music?
Our first experience was after the end of high school and is tied to beautiful summer memories. Since then our relationship with the genre may have become more sparse, since we became acquainted with various musical and cultural influences, but reggae never fails to evoke positive feelings! In Greece there is a quite vibrant scene with many bands of the Reggae and Ska genre and with really interesting results when traditions collide and new musical idioms re-emerge. There are such as Soulfire, which is probably the oldest Greek Reggae/Roots band, Locomondo, which has become really popular outside the dedicated Reggae circle, Baildsa, a band that blends Balkan sounds with Reggae and Ska, One Drop Forward, Skaribas and many others, incorporating greek language and elements.
The International Reggae Poster Contest actually gave us a great opportunity to delve into reggae music from a completely different perspective. All these artists working under the same theme and cause and producing all this eye-catching work, all this diversity of ethnicities, media and ideas, all contributed into a valuable platform of artworks celebrating reggae culture. The contest vision was definitely fulfilled, the results and the whole process exceeded our expectations and we're glad to be a part of this.
Who is your favorite Reggae artist?
We have a lot of favorites from the Greek scene, as we mentioned above, and obviously from among the "classics" of the genre. But we have a soft spot for Ska-P, the Ska-Punk band from Spain who also played live here in Greece as headliners at a major festival this July.
Tell us a bit more about your experiences in Graphic Design? Do you work as freelancers or with a design studio?
Since we got our master's degree in Architecture in 2012 we've worked as freelancers in the field of architecture, while we both pursue personal projects in the fields of graphic design and photography. Unfortunately Greece is going through hard times so working in our dream jobs probably will stay a dream for some time, but we're not losing hope.
When did you get your first break as Graphic Designers?
The fact is that winning fifth place in the Second International Poster Contest is our first break in Graphic Design and we are really happy for it!
We were impressed with the illustration and the design in general and so was the jury. Did you both study graphic design and illustration?
Pinelopi is the one who does the pencil illustrations and she is self –taught. Our studies were primarily on the subject of Architecture, but through our education we also studied other aspects such as Urban, Furniture and Graphic Design. The creative process from idea to concept to final design is similar, and the problem-solving approach through design is what appeals to us. We don't consider ourselves graphic designers with the full meaning of the phrase, since being a graphic designer includes a great deal of knowledge and education in many fields. We're just putting our own experiences and ideas into designs.
It is a very good cause, especially since Reggae is a music genre with interesting history that transcends the boundaries of artistic creation and extends to a rich culture. Communicating the importance of Reggae from a museum built in its birthplace would be ideal and we're happy to participate.
One of the contest objectives is to support the Alpha Boys' School in Kingston, Jamaica. What is your take on the school's historical role in Reggae music.
We weren't aware of this Institution and we learned about it through the International Reggae Poster Contest. We were impressed to learn that many iconic reggae musicians started there, and helping young children and teenagers in need, while providing them with musical end technical education, is definitely a cause worth supporting.
Having our work recognized and even printed is a big deal for us! We haven't thought about possible career benefits, we're just excited about getting in better touch with the graphic design world and we have more confidence for the future.
We just finished a proposition for a conceptual urban design competition. We're also considering solidifying our joined projects and pursuing our interests by setting up a common web platform this summer. Our future plans include further studies in the field of architecture, photography and graphic design projects, with which we will be updating our personal blogs amphicyrtous.wordpress.com and milkofthepoppy.wordpress.com.
Thank you, Pinelopi Vassilaki and Anastasia Verteouri.
Thank you, graphicart-news.com for the interview!


Minister of Foreign Affairs Ine Eriksens Søreide's address at the Council on Foreign Relations in New York, 15 March.
Longyearbyen on the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard.
Many Norwegians believe that the name Long-year-byen has something to do with the fact that it is so far north. And the days can certainly feel longer in Longyearbyen, as the summer days have 24 hours of sunlight, and the winter days have 24 long hours of darkness.
But the town is named after an American explorer and industrialist, John Munroe Longyear.
Longyear – who was the son of a congressman from Michigan – travelled to Svalbard several times, and established a small town in 1906, which in its first years was called Longyear City.
Longyearbyen tells us something about the Arctic.
First, as the world's attention towards the Arctic is now increasing, it is worth remembering that we – Americans and Norwegians - have a long history of exploring the Arctic together.
And second, Longyearbyen's location shows that at least for Norwegians, the Arctic is not some far-away, distant place.
The Arctic is a large part of our country, home to 10 percent of our population, and where people live and work, start families and start businesses, go to school and learn to ski.
The Arctic is where we live.
The Arctic is therefore not only an important part of Norway's history, the Arctic is also an important part of our future.
The Arctic is a top priority for Norway because here major political, economic, and strategic interests come together.
Ocean industries and tourism in the north are important for Norway's overall economy.
The Norwegian Arctic is Nato's northern flank.
New sea and trade routes are opening up in the Arctic.
Human activity and international interest in the region are both increasing.
We must continue to avoid that these changes – and the opportunities they bring - become sources of tension and conflict.
In the Arctic, countries from almost all corners of the world have found ways of working together based on common interests and respect for international law.
Questions of delimitation of maritime zones are settled in accordance with one of the pillars of international law – the Law of the Seas.
The Arctic Council has proven instrumental in finding common solutions to regional challenges.
A robust and effective Arctic Council – firmly supported by member states and observer countries - is a major contribution to continued stability in the Arctic.
The US Chairmanship of the Council was a success, and clearly showed that American leadership is important also in the North.
First, climate change is happening faster here than elsewhere. This is mainly due to emissions and developments outside the Arctic. The melting ice in the Arctic is thus a global problem and therefore needs global solutions.
Second, business activity in the Arctic is increasing, including oil and gas exploration, fisheries, tourism and shipping.
Some people claim that due to the effects of climate change we must reduce or prevent business activity in the Arctic.
The Norwegian Prime Minister has initiated - and will herself lead – a High Level Panel on Sustainable Ocean Economy.
Fisheries is a good example.
In 1989, the Arctic cod stock in the Barents Sea was at an all-time low.
Today, the cod stock is ten times larger.
This is thanks to the close and constructive cooperation between Norway and Russia on sustainable fisheries management.
The annualcatch value, shared between Norwegian and Russian fishermen, is now more than two billion dollars.
This clearly demonstrates that when we manage to balance commercial interest and resource exploitation with environmental concerns, the Arctic will reward us generously.
The Arctic holds considerable potential for future generations, but we must respect its environmental limits.
In the last few years, the security landscape in Europe has changed.
Great power politics and traditional geopolitics have returned, and new challenges are emerging.
But despite a more unpredictable international situation, there has been limited spill-over to the Arctic.
The Arctic remains mainly an area of peace, stability, and cooperation, and the overall goal for Norway's Arctic policy is to make sure it stays this way.
We need, though, to be realistic. And we need to address the world as it is, not as we want it to be.
Russia's Northern Fleet sits right on our border. And so does a significant part of Russian strategic forces.
It is evident that Russia's great power aspirations have grown in recent years.
We have seen the emergence of a more assertive Russia – also in our immediate neighbourhood. There has been an increase in Russia's military activity in the Barents Sea and the North Atlantic. We also see more frequent and complex flying patterns.
We face this challenge with a firm and predictable policy.
We combine military strength and deterrence with transparency and willingness to dialogue.
Our aim is to prevent misunderstandings and avoid any unintended escalation.
Napoleon is supposed to have once said "geography is destiny".
I do not suggest looking to Napoleon for clues on how to handle Russia, but Norway's proximity to Russia is one of the fundamental premises on which our foreign policy is built.
Geography is the one factor we cannot change.
We share a common border in the High North, both on land and at sea.
Nurturing a sense of neighbourliness is therefore an important element of our foreign policy.
It is our experience that it serves our interests to be consistent, firm and predictable.
Norway's policy towards Russia consists of two interdependent and mutually reinforcing pillars.
The first pillar is our Nato membership and our close ties with Western allies and partners, most notably with the United States.
The second pillar is our practical cooperation with Russia.
Let me elaborate a little on each of them.
The first pillar consists of close ties with allies and partners in Europe and North America.
This provides the anchorage we need to offset the vast asymmetries between Norway and Russia.
It is important for Norway to stand together with allies and partners in our reaction to Russia's conduct internationally.
For example, we have condemned the illegal annexation of Crimea, the destabilization of Eastern Ukraine, and we have implemented the same restrictive measures against Russia as the European Union.
Norway constitutes Nato's northern flank, and our military presence in the north is therefore a significant contribution to the security of the Alliance.
We have a special responsibility both to ourselves and to the Alliance to promote stability in the High North. We are Nato in the north.
It is important for us that Nato maintains forces, strategies and structures relevant to challenges in the north.
Above all, the Alliance must maintain good situational awareness of the region.
Both our geographical location and our interaction with Russia enable us to provide valuable information needed to maintain sound situational awareness and understanding of the dynamics of the High North.
Defence and deterrence are essential to our security, but do not in themselves constitute a balanced Russia policy – thus the second pillar.
As neighbours, it is in both countries' interest to cooperate.
Our aim is to do so in a constructive manner, despite the more challenging times we are facing.
We believe that in order to secure Norwegian interests, we also need to engage Russia: – both to enhance our security in a broader sense and to promote our interests in a wide range of other fields.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, we have developed our bilateral cooperation in a broad range of areas.
An obvious example is the Arctic cod stock in the Barents Sea that I mentioned earlier.
Norway and Russia also cooperate on a number of other issues such as environmental protection, nuclear safety, search and rescue at sea, cross-border health issues and people-to-people contact.
Such cooperation goes beyond promoting our interests in these respective fields.
It also serves to enhance security, stability and predictability in our immediate neighbourhood.
It is through everyday cooperation that we build trust with our neighbour.
This helps us keep tension at the lowest possible level.
This will be all the more important in the time ahead as we expand our defensive capabilities.
The two pillars of our Russia policy – close ties with Western allies and partners, and practical cooperation with Russia – are not contradictory.
In fact, it is our experience that they are mutually reinforcing.


I have been doing real estate in the St. George area for the last 6 years. I sold in Northern Utah 30 years ago. Real Estate is my passion. I love working with people from all walks of life. Most of my clients become my friends and we have fun looking for the home that best meets their needs. When I list a home, I have some creative ways to get it sold. I would love to be your Realtor!


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Q: Dynamic naming of .update key Firebase I have a form where I am uploading many images to different locations, grabbing the downloadURL and using ref.update to store the URL of the image in the correct DB ref.
I'm wondering if it's possible to use a variable in .update to be able to change the key dynamically by grabbing the name of the active file input:
handleImgUpload() {
  var activeInput = document.activeElement.name;
  // set up storage refs, upload file then...
  imgStorageRef.child(filename).getDownloadURL().then(function(url){
    ref.update( {
      activeInput: url // HERE IS WHERE I WANT THE VALUE STORED IN activeInput
})

In this example the ref to be updated will get the string 'activeInput' as the key. Is there a way to add the value that was stored in var activeInput instead?

A: It sounds like you're trying to dynamically set the property of an object. To do so use [] notation. So:
handleImgUpload() {
  var activeInput = document.activeElement.name;
  // set up storage refs, upload file then...
  imgStorageRef.child(filename).getDownloadURL().then(function(url){
    var updates = {};
    var key = "activeInput";
    updates[activeInput] = url;
    ref.update(updates)
  })
}

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The Diocese of York is a family of 607 churches and 127 schools committed to the praise of God through Jesus Christ and to services to others, led and guided in their faith and work by the Archbishop of York, Dr John Sentamu.
The Church of England is arranged geographically into 42 areas called dioceses. Each diocese is under the care of a Bishop, and covers every part of England. The Archbishop of York is the Bishop of the Diocese of York, one of the largest geographically in the Church of England with 470 parishes.
The Archbishop is responsible for the care and encouragement of the clergy and people of the Diocese and works hard to ensure the smooth running of the Diocese. He is involved with confirmations in parish churches, and the ordinations of deacons and priests. He works closely with the Suffragan Bishops, Archdeacons, Rural Deans, the Diocesan Office and the Registry.


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HomeThe ongoing effort to save the Indian Child Welfare Act from legal challenges and colonial messaging
The ongoing effort to save the Indian Child Welfare Act from legal challenges and colonial messaging
April 30, 2022 healingmn Article ReviewICWA, Indian Child Welfare Act, media critique
Efforts to overturn the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) have been going on almost since it was passed.
Researchers have reviewed editorials and commentaries over 40 years to show how writers have tried to sway public opinion against ICWA. The findings were recently published in The Indigenous Peoples' Journal of Law, Culture & Resistance at UCLA, under the headline "Editorializing ICWA: 40 Years of Colonial Commentary."
"There is a clear agenda and public relations campaign presented in our research of anti-ICWA columns, particularly those from the 21st century," the article says. These columns "use a settler colonial ethic in an attempt to 'destroy' ICWA and 'replace' Native parents with white couples."
The ICWA issue is coming to a head (again). On Feb. 28, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to hear Texas v. Haaland, a case challenging ICWA's constitutionality. At issue is whether ICWA discriminates based on race by giving custody preference to the Indian child's extended family, the child's tribe, or other Indian families over non-Indian adoptive parents?
What is ICWA?
Congress passed the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) in 1978 in response to ongoing Native American genocide through assimilation policies. It had bipartisan support.
State child welfare agencies were removing large numbers of Native children from their homes and placing them with white families, cutting them off from their extended families, traditions, and cultures.
Research done prior to ICWA found that 25 percent to 35 percent of all Native children were being removed from their homes, according to the National Indian Child Welfare Association. Of those, 85 percent "were placed outside of their families and communities—even when fit and willing relatives were available."
These adoption policies were an extension of the Boarding School Era, where Indian children were removed from their homes and placed in church- or government-run boarding schools where they were forbidden to speak their language, wear their traditional clothes, or practice their traditions.
"It is difficult to overstate the despair and desperation that Tribal Nations experience when their children are removed from their communities without their consent," wrote the authors of 40 Years of Colonial Commentary. "Before ICWA, there was an assumption (often explicit) in mainstream culture that Native children would be better off if they were raised by a non-Native family."
Being 'Indian' is more than a racial category
Native identity has been a contentious issue for centuries. For instance, some tribes use hereditary lineage to determine tribal enrollment. Other use "blood quantum" (a practice imposed by the U.S. government and adopted by some Native Nations.)
However defined, "Tribal Nations are generally understood as having exclusive authority over determining who can be a citizen of the Tribe," the law journal article said. "ICWA is a law that is centered on Indian children."
Arguments by ICWA opponents "rests largely upon the flawed assumption that Native people are strictly a racial category and not citizens of independent sovereign governments."
The article quotes pro-ICWA lawyer Mary Kathryn Nagle (Cherokee), who "explains how being a tribal citizen is mutually exclusive from race, explaining "[j]ust as citizens of the United States can belong to any race, citizens of tribal nations are of many different races. Lumping all tribal citizens together as 'one race' is itself racist and undermines the sovereignty of tribal nations."
'Worthy' and 'unworthy' parents
A thinly veiled argument ICWA critics use regards "the fitness of white parents and the unfitness of Native parents," and the claim that ICWA legitimizes abuse.
Many editorials defame biological Native parents as unfit for parenting, often through insinuations and stereotyping. Mothers and other female caregivers are particularly subject to these allegations when
editorialists employ the language of social morality. For example, one editorial passes judgment on the relatively young age of a Native grandmother), a fact wholly irrelevant to the case itself. …
White parents in anti-ICWA editorials are commonly described as nearly angelic, generous of spirit for adopting Native children, loving, stable, and financially successful. Fourteen editorials characterize foster parents as "loving," while the word "love" is rarely used in the context of Native biological parents.
Editorializing ICWA: 40 Years of Colonial Messaging
While outliers, a few commentaries used overtly racist language. One anti-ICWA editorial used the headline "Paleface Paternalism," another "Slaves to the Tribe." A few referred to ICWA as "'barbaric,' a word inextricably linked to colonial ideas of Native savagery.'" Perhaps the most egregious example was a commentary in Daily News of Los Angeles, which compared ICWA "with child sacrifice."
Check out the full article here.
The authors are Sarah Deer, Elise Higgins, and Thomas White. Deer formerly taught at William Mitchell College of Law. She is now a Distinguished Professor teaching at the University of Kansas and serves as the Chief Justice for the Prairie Island Indian Community Court of Appeals.
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judge Thomas M.Anich wrote the icwa because so many kids were being removed from their homes and given to white families!


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}

\subsection{Background on sulfate corrosion}

Often in service-life predictions of concrete structures (e.g., sewer systems),
the effects of chemical and biological corrosion processes are fairly neglected.
In sewer systems and wastewater treatment facilities, where high concentrations
of hydrogen sulfide, moisture, and oxygen are present in the atmosphere, the
deterioration of concrete is caused mainly by biogenic acids. The so-called
microbially-induced concrete corrosion in sewer systems has been a serious
unsolved problem\footnote{There are a lot of financial implications if you want
to change the network of pipes in a city like Fukuoka. Our statement here is
that questions like {\em Why changing the pipes if corrosion is not so strong
yet and therefore the mechanics structure of the network can/could still hold
for 5 more years?} can be addressed in a rigorous mathematical multiscale
framework. Such an approach would allow a good understanding and prediction at
least of extreme situations.} for long time. The presence of microorganisms such
as fungi, algae or bacteria can induce formation of aggressive biofilms on
concrete surfaces. Particularly, the sulfuric acid that causes corrosion of
sewer crowns is generated by such a complex microbial ecosystem especially in
hot environments. The precise role of microorganisms in the context of sulfates
attack on concrete (here we focus on sewer pipes) is quite complex and is
therefore less understood from both experimental and theoretical points of view;
see, e.g., the experimental studies \cite{BielefeldtEtAl2010} (optimum pH and
growth kinetics of four relevant bacterial strains), \cite{IslanderEtAl1991}
(characteristics of the crown microbial system), \cite{Masch_Bock1994}
(microbiologically influenced corrosion of natural sandstone), \cite{Okabe}
(succession of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in the bacterial community on corroding
concrete), \cite{Parker1945} (isolation of {\em Thiobacillus thiooxidans}),
\cite{S_B1984} (Hamburg sewers),\cite{Yongsiri2004} (air-water transfer of
hydrogen sulfide). As a consequence of this, an accurate large-time forecast of
the penetration of the sulfate corrosion front is very difficult to obtain.

We want to stress the fact that concrete, in spite of its strong heterogeneity,
is mechanically a well-understood material with known composition. Also, the
cement (paste) chemistry is well understood. However, all cement-based materials
(including concrete) involve a combination of ``heterogeneous multi-phase
material'', ``multiscale chemistry'',  ``multiscale transport'' (flow,
diffusion, ionic fluxes, etc.), and ``multiscale'' mechanics. Having in view
this complexity, such materials are \emph{sensu stricto} very difficult to
describe, to analyze mathematically, and last but not least, to deal with
numerically. We expect that only after the multiscale aspects of such materials
are handled properly, good predictions of the large-time behavior may be
obtained. This is our path to addressing this corrosion scenario that is often
referred to as \emph{the sulfatation problem}.

Before closing these background notes, let us add some remarks \cite{Raats} on a
closely-related topic of acid sulphate soils\footnote{Compared to concrete,
soils are much easier to handle. Their mechanics is simpler and their chemistry
is often rudimentary, if any.}, which might attract the attention of the
multiscale research in the near future. Acid sulphate soils are an important
class of soils worldwide. Particularly in coastal areas, sediments often contain
a large amount of iron sulfide ($\mathrm{FeS}$ and/or $\mathrm{FeS_2}$). When by
drainage the sediment is exposed to air, this iron sulfide will oxidize to iron
sulphate ($\mathrm{FeSO_4}$). As long as the sediment still contains calcium
carbonate ($\mathrm{CaCO_3}$), the $\mathrm{FeS}$ will react with it, resulting
in gypsum ($\mathrm{CaSO_4}$) and iron oxide ($\mathrm{Fe_2O_3}$). Gypsum, being
much more soluble than calcium carbonate, will tend to leach to the ground- and
surface-waters. If the $\mathrm{Fe_SO_4}$ is no longer removed by reactions with
$\mathrm{CaCO_3}$ or other materials, it will tend to accumulate, resulting in a
drop of the pH below 4. The problematic acid sulphate soil then will have become
a reality. Acid sulphate soils were first described in 1886 by the Dutch Chemist
Jacob Maarten van Bemmelen, in connection with problems arising in the
Haarlemmermeer Polder. Much of the work in this direction is/was done in the
tropics, including Indonesia, Vietnam, and Australia; see, e.g., \cite{CSIRO}.

\subsection{Objectives and structure of the paper}

In order to be able to tackle the biophysics of the problem at a later stage,
eventually coupled with the mechanics of the concrete and the actual capturing
of the macroscopic fracture initiation, we focus here on a much simpler setting
modeling the multiscale transport and reaction of the active chemical species
involved in the sulfatation process. Therefore, the approach and results
reported here are only preliminary.

Our main objective is twofold: using a multiscale reaction-diffusion system for
concrete corrosion (that allows for feedback between micro and macro scales),
\begin{itemize}
  \item calculate pH profiles and detect the eventual presence of ``sudden'' pH
    drops;
  \item extract from gypsum concentration profiles the approximate position of macroscopic
    corrosion fronts.
\end{itemize}

In Section~\ref{sec:chem}, we present the reaction mechanisms taking place in
sewer pipes. In Section~\ref{sec:prob}, we give a mathematical description of
the problem and we set a two-scale PDE-ODE system. We briefly comment on a few
mathematical properties of the model. In Section~\ref{sec:num}, we approximate a
macroscopic pH numerically using a multiscale FD scheme and comment briefly on
the numerical results.

\section{A few notes on the involved chemistry}\label{sec:chem}

Our model includes two important features:
\begin{itemize}
  \item continuous transfer of $\mathrm{H_2S}$ from water to air phase and
    vice versa;
  \item fast production of \emph{gypsum} at solid-water interface.
\end{itemize}
We incorporate the Henry's law to model the transfer of $\mathrm{H_2S}$ from the
water to the air phase and vice versa \cite{Balls,Yongsiri2004}. The production
of gypsum at the solid-water interface is modeled by a non-linear reaction rate,
given by \eqref{reaction-rate}.

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \centering
  \includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figure1}
  \caption{Left: Cross-section of a sewer pipe. Middle: Mesoscopic periodic
  approximation of a REV.  Right: Our concept of pore geometry
  (microstructure).}
  \label{fig:1}
\end{figure}

There are many variants of severe attack to concrete in sewer pipes which
influence the performance of concrete structure depending on the intensity of
the reactions, the environment, and the turbulence of the wastewater
\cite{Yong1}. We focus here on the most aggressive one, namely we consider the
following reaction mechanisms causing sulfatation, viz.
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:reaction-equations-1}
  \mathrm{10\,H^+} + \mathrm{SO_4^{2-}} + \text{org. matter} & \rightarrow
  \mathrm{H_2S(aq)} + \mathrm{4\,H_2O} + \text{oxidized matter}\\
  \label{eq:reaction-equations-2}
  \mathrm{H_2S(aq)} + \mathrm{2\,O_2} &\rightarrow \mathrm{2H^+} +
  \mathrm{SO_4^{2-}}\\
  \label{eq:reaction-equations-3}
  \mathrm{H_2S(aq)} &\rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H_2S(g)}\\
  \label{eq:sulfatation}
  \mathrm{2\,H_2O} + \mathrm{H^+} + \mathrm{SO_4^{2-}} + \mathrm{CaCO_3}
  &\rightarrow \mathrm{CaSO_4 \cdot 2\,H_2O} + \mathrm{HCO_{3-}}
\end{align}
Reaction \eqref{eq:reaction-equations-3} is typically a surface reaction taking
place as soon as water and air phases meet together. It plays an important role
in transferring the $\mathrm{H_2S}$ from the air phase to the liquid phase where
the corrosion actually takes place. For modeling details such as a Henry-like
``reaction'' mechanism, we refer the reader to \cite{tasnim1,mbp} and references
cited therein.

\section{Multiscale description of the sulfatation problem}\label{sec:prob}

We assume that the geometry of our concrete sample (porous medium) consists of a
system of pores periodically distributed inside a three-dimensional cube
$\Omega:=[a,b]^3$ with $a,b\in\ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}$ and $b>a$. The exterior boundary of $\Omega$
consists of two disjoint, sufficiently smooth parts: the Neumann boundary
$\Gamma^N$ and the Dirichlet boundary $\Gamma^D$. We assume that the pores in
concrete are made of stationary water film, air and solid parts in different
ratios depending on the local porosity. The reference pore, say $Y:=[0,1]^3$,
has three pair-wise disjoint domains $Y^s$, $Y^w$ and $Y^a$ with smooth
boundaries $\Gamma^{sw}$ and $\Gamma^{wa}$ as shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:1} such
that
\[
    Y = \bar{Y}^s \cup \bar{Y}^w \cup \bar{Y}^a.
\]
We refer the reader to \cite{tasnim1,ChalupeckyEtAl2010} for more description of
the multiscale geometry of the porous material. For a single scale (macroscopic)
approach of a sulfatation scenario, we refer the reader to \cite{natalini}, e.g.

We consider a two-scale system of PDEs and one ODE for unknown functions
$u_1:\Omega\times (0,T)\rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}$, $u_k:\Omega\times Y^w\times (0,T)
\rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}$, $k\in\{2,3\}$, and $u_4:\Omega\times\Gamma^{sw}\times
(0,T)\rightarrow \ensuremath{\mathbb{R}}$ where $(0,T)$ is the time interval. The model under
consideration is derived by formal homogenization using different scalings of
the diffusion coefficients in \cite{tasnim1} (see also
\cite{MunteanChalupecky2011}) and is given by
\begin{subequations}\label{eq:two-scale-system}
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-u1}
    \partial_t u_1 - d_1 \Delta u_1 &= - B\left(H u_1 - \int_{\Gamma^{wa}} u_2
    \dx{\gamma_y} \right),& \text{ in } &\Omega\times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-u2}
    \beta_2 \partial_t u_2 - \beta_2 d_2 \Delta_y u_2 &= -\Phi_2 k_2 u_2 + \Phi_3 k_3 u_3,& \text{ in } &\Omega\times Y^w \times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-u3}
    \beta_3 \partial_t u_3 - \beta_3 d_3 \Delta_y u_3 &=  \Phi_2 k_2 u_2 - \Phi_3 k_3 u_3,& \text{ in } &\Omega\times Y^w \times (0,T),\\

  \label{eq:two-scale-system-u4}
    \beta_4 \partial_t u_4 &= \Phi_4 k_4 \eta(u_3,u_4),& \text{ in } &\Omega\times \Gamma^{sw}\times (0,T),
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where $u_1$ denotes the concentration for $\mathrm{H_2S}$ gaseous species, $u_2$
for $\mathrm{H_2S}$ aqueous species, $u_3$ for $\mathrm{H_2SO_4}$, and $u_4$ for
\emph{gypsum} at $\Gamma^{sw}$. The water film is taken here to be stationary. A
detailed modeling of the role of water is still open, see, e.g.,
\cite{Raats2,beddoe1,tixier}. $\Delta$ without subscript denotes the Laplace
operator with respect to macroscopic variable $x$ and $\Delta_y$ with respect to
microscopic variable $y$. $\dx{\gamma_y}$ represents the differential over the
surface $\Gamma^{wa}$. $\beta_k>0$, $k\in\{2,3,4\}$, represents the ratio of the
maximum concentration of the $k$-th species to the maximum concentration of
$\mathrm{H_2SO_4}$, $d_i>0$, $i\in\{1,2,3\}$, are the diffusion coefficients,
$B$ is a dimensionless Biot number which gives the mass transfer rate between
water and air phases, and $k_j:Y\rightarrow R$, $j\in\{2,3,4\}$, are functions
modeling the reaction rate ``constants''. $\Phi_k$ ($k\in\{2,3,4\}$) are
Damk\"ohler numbers corresponding to three distinct chemical mechanisms
(reactions). They are dimensionless numbers comparing the characteristic time of
the fastest transport mechanism (here, the diffusion of $\mathrm{H_2S}$ in the
gas phase) to the characteristic timescale of the $k$-th chemical reaction.

The system \eqref{eq:two-scale-system} is supplemented with initial and boundary
conditions, which read as
\begin{align}
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-ic1}
  u_1(x,0)   &= u^0_1(x),& \text{ on } &\Omega \times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-ic2}
  u_k(x,y,0) &= u^0_k(x,y),& \text{ on } &\Omega \times Y^w \times (0,T),\ k\in\{2,3\},\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-ic3}
  u_4(x,y,0) &= u^0_4(x,y),& \text{ on } &\Omega \times \Gamma^{sw} \times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-bc1}
  u_1 &= u_1^D,& \text{ on } &\Gamma^D \times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-bc2}
  n_N\cdot(d_1\nabla u_1) &= 0,& \text{ on } &\Gamma^N \times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-bc3}
  n_{wa}\cdot(d_2\nabla_y u_2 ) &= B \left(H u_1 - \int_{\Gamma^{wa}} u_2
  \dx{\gamma_y}\right),& \text{ on } &\Omega \times \Gamma^{wa} \times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-bc4}
  n_{sw}\cdot(d_2\nabla_y u_2 ) &= 0,& \text{ on } &\Omega \times \Gamma^{sw} \times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-bc5}
  n_{wa}\cdot(d_3\nabla_y u_3) &= 0,& \text{ on } &\Omega\times \Gamma^{wa} \times (0,T),\\
  \label{eq:two-scale-system-bc6}
  n_{sw}\cdot(d_3\nabla_y u_3) &= -\Phi_3 \eta(u_3, u_4),& \text{ on } &\Omega
  \times \Gamma^{sw} \times (0,T),

\end{align}
where $n_N$ denotes the outward unit normal vector to $\partial\Omega$ along
$\Gamma^N$, and $n_{wa}$ and $n_{sw}$ denote the outward unit normal vectors to
$Y^w$ along $\Gamma^{wa}$ and $\Gamma^{sw}$, respectively. Note that the
``information'' at the micro-scale is connected to the macro-scale situation via
the right-hand side of \eqref{eq:two-scale-system-u1} and via the
\emph{micro-macro boundary condition} \eqref{eq:two-scale-system-bc3}. It is
also worth noticing that all involved parameters (except for $H$, $d_3$ and $B$)
contain microscopic information. The coefficients $d_3$ and $B$ are effective
ones (see \cite{tasnim1,eck} for a way of calculating them), while $H$ can be
read off from existing macroscopic experimental data.

We consider the following form of the reaction rate $\eta$ at the interface
$\Gamma^{sw}$
\begin{equation}\label{reaction-rate}
  \eta(\alpha,\beta)=
  \begin{cases}
    \alpha^p(\bar{\beta}-\beta)^q, & \text{ if } \alpha \geq 0, \beta \geq 0,\\
    0, & \mbox{otherwise},
  \end{cases}
\end{equation}
where $\bar{\beta}$ is a known maximum concentration of gypsum at $\Gamma^{sw}$
and $p\geq 1,q\geq1$ are partial orders of reaction. For more modeling
possibilities of choosing $\eta$, see \cite{tasnim3}. It is worth noting that
production terms like
\[
B\left( H u_1(t,x) -  \int_{\Gamma^{wa}}u_2(t,x,y) \dx{\gamma_y}\right)
\]
are usually referred in the literature as Henry's or Raoult's law, where $H>0$
is known Henry's constant.

We refer the reader to \cite[Theorem~3]{ChalupeckyEtAl2010} for statements
regarding the global existence and uniqueness a weak solution to problem
\eqref{eq:two-scale-system}--\eqref{eq:two-scale-system-bc6} (see also
\cite{MunteanNeuss2010} for the analysis on a closely related problem).

\section{Simulation at a macroscopic pH scale. Capturing free boundaries}\label{sec:num}

In this section the model \eqref{eq:two-scale-system} is applied to the
simulation of the acid corrosion due to a microbiotical layer on a cement
specimen. We focus on extracting the position of the corrosion front and on the
acid reaction, which we use to obtain macro-scale profiles of pH. Both of these
results can be compared to experimental data published, e.g., in
\cite{IslanderEtAl1991,Okabe}.

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u1_00001}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u1_00002}\\
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u1_00004}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u1_00006}\\
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u1_00008}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u1_00010}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Time evolution of $u_1$ (concentration of $\mathrm{H_2S(g)}$) shown at
  $t\in\{2000,4000,8000,12000,16000,20000\}$ in left-right and top-bottom order.}
  \label{fig:h2s}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u4_00001}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u4_00002}\\
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u4_00004}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u4_00006}\\
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u4_00008}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{u4_00010}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Time evolution of $u_4$ (gypsum) shown at
  $t\in\{2000,4000,8000,12000,16000,20000\}$ in left-right and top-bottom order.}
  \label{fig:gypsum}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{front}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Position of the corrosion front.}
  \label{fig:front}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[ht]
  \begin{center}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{pH_00001}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{pH_00002}\\
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{pH_00004}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{pH_00006}\\
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{pH_00008}
    \includegraphics[width=0.48\textwidth]{pH_00010}
  \end{center}
  \caption{Time evolution of macro-scale pH profiles computed from micro-scale information shown at
  $t\in\{2000,4000,8000,12000,16000,20000\}$ in left-right and top-bottom order.}
  \label{fig:ph}
\end{figure}

For the purpose of the simulation we employ a numerical scheme for a reduced
1D/2D version of the system \eqref{eq:two-scale-system}. The reduction consists
in taking $\Omega:=(0,L)$ and $Y^w=(0,\ell)$ as one-dimensional intervals, which
in effect corresponds to analysing the specimen in a perpendicular direction to
its surface away from edges and to simplifying the micro cell geometry,
respectively. The numerical scheme is based on the method of lines, where in
space we use finite difference discretization and in time we employ an implicit
higher-order time integrator for the solution of the non-linear ODE system. See
\cite{ChalupeckyEtAl2010,ChalupeckyMuntean2012} for further details of the
numerical scheme, its analysis with respect to convergence to the weak solutions
and some basic numerical experiments. For details of a computer implementation
of the numerical scheme we refer the reader to
\cite[Chapter~7]{MunteanChalupecky2011}.

In Table~\ref{tab:parameters} we summarize values of the model parameters used
in the simulations described below.

\begin{table}[h]
  \centering
  \begin{tabular}{cccccccccccccccc}
    \toprule
    $d_1$ & $d_{2,3}$ & $k_2$ & $k_3$  & $k_4$ & $\Phi_{2,3,4}$ & $B$  & $H$ & $\bar{\beta}$ & $p$ & $q$ & $u_1^D$ & $L$ & $\ell$ \\
    \midrule
    0.864 & 0.00864   & 1.48  & 0.0084 & 10    & 1              & 86.4 & 0.3 & 1             & 1   & 1   & 0.011   & 30  & 1      \\
    \bottomrule
  \end{tabular}
  \caption{Parameter values used in the numerical simulation.}
  \label{tab:parameters}
\end{table}

\subsection{Free boundaries}

Figures~\ref{fig:h2s} and \ref{fig:gypsum} show the evolution of $u_1(x,t)$ and
$u_4(x,t)$ in time. The Dirichlet boundary condition $u_1(0,t)=u_1^D$ models a
constant inflow of $\mathrm{H_2S(g)}$ at $x=0$, i.e., at the surface of the
specimen. As the gas diffuses through the porous structure, it enters the water
film in the pores due to the reaction \eqref{eq:reaction-equations-3}, where it
undergoes biogenic oxidation to sulfuric acid. Consequently, its concentration
decreases with increasing depth. As the system becomes saturated and as the
sulfatation reaction \eqref{eq:sulfatation} converts available cement into
gypsum, the total concentration of $\mathrm{H_2S(g)}$ starts to increase
(Fig.~\ref{fig:h2s}).

Sulfuric acid that arises from the oxidation of $\mathrm{H_2S(aq)}$ then reacts
at $y=\ell$ with the cement paste and converts it into gypsum ($u_4$) whose
concentration profile is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:gypsum}. Interestingly, although
the behavior of $u_1$ is as expected (i.e., purely diffusive), we notice that a
\emph{macroscopic} gypsum layer (region where $u_4$ is produced) is formed
around $t=1500$ and grows in time. The figure clearly indicates that there are
two distinct regions separated by a slowly moving intermediate layer: the left
region---the place where the gypsum production reached saturation (a threshold),
and the right region---the place of the ongoing sulfatation reaction
\eqref{eq:sulfatation} (the gypsum production has not yet reached here the
natural threshold).

We use $u_4$ to extract an approximate position of the corrosion front $p(t)$
which we define as (in our scenario, we expect $u_4$ to be decreasing)
\begin{equation*}
  p(t) := \{x\in (0,L)\ |\ u_4(x,t) = \bar{\beta} - \varepsilon\},
\end{equation*}
where $\varepsilon$ is a small parameter. Figure~\ref{fig:front} shows a graph
of $p(t)$ arising from our numerical experiment. We notice that as the corroding
front advances further into the concrete specimen, its rate of growth decreases.
This is in agreement with experimental data since the hydrogen sulfide gas
supplied from the outside environment has to be transported (by diffusion) over
ever larger distance. It is important to note that the precise position of the
separating layer is \emph{a~priori unknown} and to capture it simultaneously
with the computation of the concentration profile would require a
moving-boundary formulation similar to the one reported in \cite{mbp}.

\subsection{Drop in pH}

Emission of hydrogen sulfide from the wastewater to the air space of sewer pipe
is an important process because the problems of hydrogen sulfide in sewer pipes
are associated with gaseous hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a weak acid
with a dissociation constant of 7.0 (at $20^\circ$C) and only the
non-dissociated form is emitted in the air space sewer pipe. The pH of the
wastewater is therefore of importance when evaluating the potential hydrogen
sulfide emission. After the hydrogen sulfide arrives at and diffuses into the
concrete, the oxidation of hydrogen sulfide is biological once the pH of the
solid matrix has dropped below approximately 8--9 \cite{Parker}. This represents
the tendency of hydronium ions to interact with other components of the solution,
which affects among other things the electrical potential read using a pH meter.
The concentration of hydrogen ions is expressed as pH scale and pH is defined as
a negative decimal logarithm of the concentration of hydronium ions dissolved in
a solution.

As the model considered in this paper contains information both from micro
(pore) scale and macro-scale, we need a way of computing macro-scale values of
pH from the available micro-scale data. Such information is not readily
available in the system \eqref{eq:two-scale-system}. However, sulfuric acid is a
diprotic acid with two stages of dissociation, where the first stage occurs
fully and the dissociation in the second stage can be neglected. Therefore, the
concentration of hydronium ions is proportional to the concentration of sulfuric
acid, which is represented by $u_3$ in our model. We extract the macro-scale
concentration of sulfuric acid at each $x$ by taking a volume average of $u_3$ over
$Y^w$. Thus, we use the following expression for computing macroscopic pH:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:ph}
  \ensuremath{\text{pH}_{\textrm{macro}}} (x,t) = -\log_{10}\left(\frac{k_a}{|Y^w|} \int_{Y^w} u_3(x,y,t) \dx{y}
  \right),
\end{equation}
where $k_a$ is the activity of hydronium ions.

The macro-scale pH profile computed using the formula \eqref{eq:ph} is shown in
Figure~\ref{fig:ph}. We can see that at the beginning of the simulation (first
graph) with increasing depth the pH also increases from acid to more basic
values as expected. Once all the available cement is consumed and converted into
gypsum (this happens for the first time at $x=0$ between the first and second
graph in Figure~\ref{fig:ph} around $t=1500$), the pH drops rapidly across the
corrosion front. This is due to the fact that behind the corrosion front the
sulfuric acid is no longer neutralised by the sulfatation reaction
\eqref{eq:sulfatation}.

Note that our pH profiles are not in the experimental range. We expect the size
of the drop will become comparable to the one seen in experiments as soon as
effects of nonlinear moisture transport and bacteria motility and chemical
activity are taken into account in the model equations. The main message that we
want to draw is that we are able to detect and compute a macroscopic pH drop,
once the needed micro-information is available.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

We thank Peter Raats (Wageningen), Hans Kuipers (Eindhoven) and Varvara
Kouznetsova (Eindhoven) for useful discussions on this topic during a multiscale
symposium that took place in Eindhoven in September 2011.

\bibliographystyle{amsplain}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Eiland Middle School Band students attended East Central Comnunity College Honor Band Clinic, 2019. These students auditioned , and rehearsed under some of the state and nation's outstanding band directors, and performed a final concert. They represented EMS extremely well and we are very proud of them!


text:
'Carrick and Rafael running Van Persie close for Man United award'
Bryan Robson says Michael Carrick and Rafael Da Silva are running Robin van Persie close in Man United's Player of the Season race
Monday 18 March 2013, 12:42 UK
Michael Carrick joined Manchester United from Tottenham in 2006 Photo: TSR
Bryan Robson believes Michael Carrick and Rafael Da Silva are running Robin van Persie close in the race to be named Manchester United's Player of the Season.
The Netherlands international has scored 19 Premier League goals this season to help fire the Red Devils 15 points clear of second-placed Manchester City.
But Robson, who won two Premier League titles with United, lavished praise on midfielder Carrick for the England international's quietly influential displays.
And the former England skipper also reckons Rafael has been one of the club's standout players in a coming-of-age season for the right-back.
"In my mind, there are three players right up there in the reckoning," he told United Review.
"Obviously, the way Robin van Persie has come into the club from Arsenal and the way he has played makes him a strong candidate, but I believe Michael Carrick and Rafael are both running him very close.
"Michael has had a great season and it speaks volumes that Sir Alex has played him in more or less all our games. He is a very intelligent footballer and has done excellently all season. Rafael has really progressed and has had a great campaign as well, so it's a close call between those three, for me."
Defence is key! Chris Smalling thrilled at Man United's watertight back four
Chelsea transfers: Neymar 'dreams' of move to European big club


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Vanuatu hosts inaugural 'Theology of Disaster Resilience in a Changing Climate' regional TOT
Vanuatu Christian Council (VCC), supported by CAN DO (Church Agencies Network Disaster Operations) held the first ever Theology of Disaster Resilience in a Changing Climate training.
The event brought together over 30 church leaders, including women and youth leaders and regional participants from Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea and Fiji learn to use theology and bible messaging to help their communities and congregations prepare and respond to disasters in today's changing climate.
The new resource has been developed regionally as part of the Australian Humanitarian Partnership Disaster READY Program, which VCC is implementing in Vanuatu. It has had input from an extensive baseline survey, NDMOs, Disability Associations and Church leaders in all four countries.
It consists of a framework paper titled "A Theology of Disaster Resilience in a Changing Climate" and six bible studies which can be used by church and community leaders to as examples for preparedness and response. The trainees will create action plans for dissemination of the resource in throughout their churches to help communities become more resilient. VCC's Theology of Disaster Resilience Training officer will support the Vanuatu Churches with implementation and monitoring. Disaster Resilience Actors in Vanuatu will be engaged in the resource once it is available in Bislama.
Rev Dr Seforosa Carroll, Lead writer and working group coordinator from CAN DO, believes that this is an important way of tying not only religious but traditional beliefs and new ways of working towards resilience in the Pacific. "In practical terms, the resilience of Pacifica communities is grounded in faith and trust in God and strengthened by reengaging and reclaiming the traditional wisdom of our elders in their ability to relate, read the weather patterns and live in a respectful and mutual relationship with the environment while embracing new technologies such as mapping and warning systems."
Photo supplied Caption: VCC administration office in Port Vila
Vanuatu Christian Council
Tensly Sumbe


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Frank Anthony Zagarino (ur. 19 grudnia 1959 w Los Angeles) − amerykański aktor filmowy i telewizyjny, producent filmowy i reżyser, znany jako odtwórca ról w niskobudżetowych filmach klasy "B", głównie produkcjach kina akcji.

Kariera
Urodził się w Los Angeles. Po debiutanckiej roli w komediodramacie Baby, to jesteś ty (Baby, It's You, 1983) z Rosanną Arquette i Vincentem Spano, wystąpił w komedii Gdzie są ci chłopcy (Where the Boys Are '84, 1984) z Lisą Hartman. Jego kariera rozwijała się także we Włoszech i Korei Północnej. Jedną z pierwszy ważnych kreacji stworzył w filmie fantasy Héctora Olivera Królowa barbarzyńców (Barbarian Queen, 1985). Był szoferem w operze mydlanej ABC Dynastia (1986). Z kolei w operze mydlanej NBC Santa Barbara (1987) pojawił się jako twardziel w barze. Zagrał później w takich obrazach, jak Striker (1987), Za krawędzią ciemności (1992), Rozwścieczony uciekinier (Without Mercy, 1995) oraz Operacja Delta Force (Operation Delta Force, 1997) u boku Jeffa Fahey.

Był także producentem i reżyserem (m.in. Fist Fighter 2 z 1993).

Żonaty z aktorką Elizabeth Giordano, ma dwójkę dzieci.

Filmografia
 1983: Baby, to jesteś ty (Baby, It's You) jako Lew
 1984: Gdzie są ci chłopcy (Where the Boys Are '84) jako Conan
 1984: Lovelines jako Godzilla
 1985: Królowa barbarzyńców (Barbarian Queen) jako Argan
 1987: Zamach (Assassination) jako kierowca Secret Service
 1987: Agent Specjalny Hammer (Hammerhead) jako Zabójca
 1987: Striker jako John Slade
 1988: Ten-zan: Ostatnia misja (Ten Zan - Ultimate Mission) jako Lou
 1989: Mściciel (The Revenger) jako Michael Keller
 1989: Płatny morderca (Trained to Kill) jako  Matt Cooper
 1989: Wojownik cyborg (Cyborg, il guerriero d'acciaio) jako Trecibi
 1991: Eliminator (Project Eliminator) jako John 'Striker' Slade
 1991: Detektyw Extralarge: Czarna magia (Extralarge: Black Magic, TV) jako Zorac
 1992: Projekt (Shadowchaser) jako Romulus
 1993: Najemnicy (Blood Warriors) jako Keith Stone
 1994: Ostatnia misja (Final Mission) jako Frank "Flash" Tato
 1994: Project Shadowchaser II jako Android
 1994: Nigdy nie mów śmierć (Never Say Die) jako Blake
 1995: Za krawędzią ciemności (Project Shadowchaser III) jako Android
 1995: Cybernetyczny gliniarz 3 (Cyborg Cop III) jako Saint Sebastian
 1995: Rozwścieczony uciekinier (Without Mercy) jako John Carter
 1996: No Exit jako Luka Lentini
 1996: W szachu (Warhead) jako Jack Tannen
 1996: Shadowchaser IV: Wrota czasu (Orion's Key) jako Sirius
 1997: Convict 762 jako Vigo
 1997: The Apocalypse jako Vendler
 1997: Podniebny pojedynek (Airboss) jako Frank White
 1997: Operacja Delta Force (Operation Delta Force, TV) jako McKinney
 1998: The Company Man jako Ernest Gray / Napoleon
 1998: Armstrong jako Rod Armstrong
 1998: Protektor (The Protector) jako Cole
 1998: Airboss II: Preemptive Strike jako Frank White
 1999: Zagłada z kosmosu (Fallout) jako Previ Federov
 2000: Włóczęga (The Stray) jako Carl
 2005: W desperacji (Lethal) jako Ethan Marshall
 2008: Little Bear and the Master jako Franco

Zobacz też
 Brent Huff, Reb Brown, Christian Boeving, Daniel Bernhardt, Daniel Greene − inni aktorzy znani z ról w kinie akcji klasy "B"

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Amerykańscy aktorzy filmowi
Amerykańscy producenci filmowi
Amerykańscy reżyserzy filmowi
Aktorzy związani z Los Angeles
Urodzeni w 1959
Amerykańscy aktorzy telewizyjni
Ludzie urodzeni w Los Angeles


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Q: Direct link to MediaWiki page section In my Wikipedia page, I have a section called subtitleA. Before arriving at this point when reading, I have one sentence that has a link that jumps to the content of that section.
To be more clear, this is a simple illustration:
To do this, you will need `this` (link to subtitleA).
To do that, you will do another thing..

== SubtitleA ==

this is how you do it....

I found the following solution:
To do this, you will need [http://wikisite.com/pageName#SubtitleA this].

This has already been proven correct; however, one of my subtitles contains spaces, brackets and directory like the following:
== SubtitleA (balabalaA\balabalaB\balabala....) ==

I can no longer use the solution I found because of those spaces... Can anyone provide me an alternative solutions? Thanks.

A: To do this, you will need [[pageName#SubtitleA|this]].

Use the exact same format as in the section title.
Anchor encoding is similar to percent encoding (with a . instead of a %) but not exactly the same (e.g. spaces are collapsed and encoded to _). If you really, really need to do it directly, you can use {{anchorencode|original title}}.

A: I found the solution:
URL encoder is the key, but not using standard %xx as the replacements for special characters. Use .xx (e.g. .5C .28) would work in the mediawiki framework.


The head studies connected with the commission of a large painting for the Brussels town hall offer a rare opportunity to examine how Van Dyck worked with the model before him. While the level of information on the sitter's appearance exceeds that of most of the artist's portrait drawings, they appear to have been done quickly, in short sessions, offering a lively likeness. The example shown here only resurfaced in 2000, as part of the British Broadcasting Company's Antiques Roadshow.


Recovery after training is the most important factor in determining your progress. Here's what supplements help you recover more effectively to achieve your goals easily and have less muscle soreness.
After you have finished the last set that you threw or muscles in air of "burned" last sprint on the runway have to think of one thing: recovery.
Many err by not taking into account the importance of recovery after exercise. Or think that recovery means long massages that not allow, ice baths or electrotherapy. In reality, physical recovery is the most effective way and Supplement your nutrition.
Training stimulates muscle mass and metabolism, but also creates an environment catabolic conditions by increasing stress hormone called cortisol. This is useful during exercise stimulates the body adaptations to exercise (greater muscle mass, strength and speed neural adaptations, etc.) but after completing training cortisol remained in circulation starts to degrade muscle mass and promote weight gain. The number one priority must be to reduce cortisol by the best possible recovery.
Protein synthesis and tissue repair (basically, muscle growth).
Reducing muscle soreness (so you can effectively train and the next training).
Restoring nutrients used by the body to rebuild muscles and tendons.
These five aspects make sure you forward through training, not only bother the gym or on the track, but the results in terms of physical appearance and performance remain unchanged.
As you already know, certain physical actions lead to muscle breakdown, which leads to muscle soreness. Amino acids from protein stimulates protein synthesis and provide the raw material with which the body repair damaged tissues in training, especially in the weights.
Would it like most proteins in the diet come from food quality, seamless (meats, eggs, fish, dairy) but it is advisable to use protein powders during and / or immediately after workouts to speed recovery.
For example, one study found that those taking the protein powder after training their muscles increased by 38% more than those not taking it. And strength has increased by 33% more. On average, it increased muscle mass 0.69 kg of lean muscle tissue and strength of 13.5 kg, compared with the group not used the protein powder. The average amount of protein supplements, beyond what already eating the diet, was 50 grams.
Whey protien is the best source of protein after workouts because they digest quickly and easily absorbed, increasing concentrations of amino acids in the blood. It also has anti-inflammatory effect and increase the levels of glutathione, antioxidant produced by the body (linked to longevity and disease prevention).
Pea protein is a source of quality protein, ideal for physical recovery, indicated vegetarians or those intolerant to whey. Although whey has very small amounts of lactose, still there are people who do not tolerate well, especially if you use a low quality whey protein.
BCAA are Amino Acids with branched chains containing high amounts of leucine, which triggers the synthesis of the primary amino acid protein. BCAA can preserve muscle during intense exercise. Another benefit is that it reduces muscle soreness. For example 100mg / kg body weight of BCAA reduced muscle soreness resulting from 48 hours after the training and allow a better recovery force.
How much to use? 25 g quality protein is optimal dose taken after workouts is a good starting point. Depending on how you feel and progress can increase the dose to 50 grams.
One study found that regardless of how much muscle were subjects, 40 g of whey protein stimulated protein synthesis more than 20 g. Another found that a meal of 70 g of protein from lean beef created a balance of protein Net higher than the same meal 40 g protein lean beef, suggesting that it takes greater amounts of protein than is now believed by most nutritionists. A higher net protein balance is not just to build new muscle tissue as well as the immunological functions better and better energy throughout the day.


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Facebook will soon allow users to unsend message
FHM.com.ph: Khatrina Bonagua
"Unsending" a message deletes a conversation in the inbox of both sender and receiver.
Sent something via Facebook Messenger that you regret saying? No worries!
Apparently, Facebook is testing a new feature—the "Unsend" button for Messenger.
This feature allows users to "unsend" messages from a conversation.
The feature was first discovered by Twitter user Jane Manchun Wong, who accessed a prototype of the "Unsend" button.
A Facebook spokesperson confirmed to TechCrunch that they are indeed testing the feature.
"Though we have nothing to announce today, we have previously confirmed that we intend to ship a feature like this and are still planning to do so," the Facebook representative said.
He added, "Facebook internally tests products and features before they ship to the public so we can ensure the quality of the experience."
It was also confirmed that the "Unsend" feature has a "time limit," which means users only have a certain amount of time after they send a message to "unsend" it.
The difference between "deleting" and "unsending" a message is that the former only removes a message from the sender's (or the one who deleted the message) inbox. That would mean, the receiver can still read it from their end.
Meanwhile, "unsending" a message deletes a conversation in the inbox of both sender and receiver.
This feature is a godsend for people who want to take back what they said or those that have accidentally shared something they shouldn't have.
However, it can also be abused by individuals who intentionally send hurtful things, confident that they can "unsend" it and leave no trace afterward.
This story originally appeared on FHM.com.ph.
* Minor edits have been made by the PEP.ph editors.
src-fhm, Facebook, Non Celebrity, non showbiz, Non Celebrity, noncelebrity


At this time of unprecedented population movements and conflict across the Mediterranean and the world, migration is everywhere, and growing fast. Dr. Nathan Bertelsen will examine the physical and mental health needs of three waves of Syrian refugees in Turkey, the country that now hosts the largest number of refugees in the world, and the key role that social integration plays for forced migrants who aim to live healthy lives in their new homes. The talk will highlight lessons learned in migration and social integration from the Bellevue/NYU Program for Survivors of Torture (PSOT), which offers medical, mental health, social and legal services to asylum seekers in New York City, regardless of the ability to pay.
Award-winning filmmakers Tina DiFeliciantonio and Jane C. Wagner will screen clips from their documentary Seeking Refuge, which documents the stories of participants in the Bellevue Hospital/New York University Program from Jamaica, Sierra Leone, Chad and Tibet.


Where do you go when you've had it with the world? Tradition and cinematic cliche suggest some far-removed nook hidden from civilisation, a secret spot known only to you, but Riya Somani - the titular heroine of Half Girlfriend - has her fortress of solitude bang in the heart of New Delhi, atop the most securely fortified monument in the country. Whenever she feels overwhelmed, Riya casually slips past armed guards, steps over a chain or two and clambers up India Gate, sitting on the top to rhapsodise about the view.
I wonder why more of us haven't tried this. Maybe take a barbecue grill up there, wave at the President every now and then?
"Meet me now on India Gate," she nonchalantly texts a boy who lives to obey her, and he scampers to the task, while I find myself hoping these harebrained characters would be caught and shot on sight. No such luck, alas.
The film is about Madhav Jha, a boy from Bihar who wants to study sociology but seems adamantly opposed to the idea of speaking the English language, an odd applicant for a college visibly modelled after St Stephens. At this college he spots a girl playing basketball, one who grimaces angrily even while drinking water, and the boy - who, in turn, consistently makes faces so gullible the actor's cheeks must have hurt - is immediately smitten enough to inform his mother he's found a reason to live in Delhi. Ambition and admission were evidently not enough.
Riya, willing to play ball with Madhav and go to movies with Madhav and to make out with Madhav, comes from a troubled family. This we know from a scene where she walks into her gigantic house, witnesses her father physically and verbally abusing her mother, and goes to her room, where she picks up a guitar and starts singing. Her dream, you see, is to perform in a New York bar.
But hold the phone: if she is indeed kissing this lad, aren't they together? What is all this bizarre 'half' girlfriend business if not, as I suspected, some clumsy way to describe the friendzone?
For a friendzone this certainly isn't. (Thus I remain at sea about the meaning of the film's title.) Riya is visibly fond of Madhav and loves being with him, but, at 19, is wary of the girlfriend tag and what it may entail. All systems seem go: She's making him meet her folks, she's using the word 'us' to describe them, she's initiating the first kiss, she's singing lovesongs to him across a crowded lawn. This warmth is countered by bewildering bouts of insecurity from the otherwise devoted but semantically obsessed Madhav, who disregards her affectionate requests to take things slow by manhandling her, and snapping that she should bed him or buzz off. She chooses the latter.
The boy can't let go.
Despite what you may believe, or what the makers may have intended at some point during the production, this isn't the story of a sincere young man confounded by urban love and left helpless by an unidentified relationship. It is instead the story of a man-child with a one-track mind who misses the point of Ae Dil Hai Mushkil and relentlessly pursues a girl who would rather feign death than be with him. He's a sulker with a martyr complex who repeatedly upends his own life and then whines about how he did it for her, leaving classes and jobs behind. Arjun Kapoor plays this lousy protagonist in a lumbering manner, slackjawed, forever nodding his head, and - in a misguided attempt to look simple - blankly smiling ear to ear.
Shraddha Kapoor is Riya, shrill and insubstantial, one of the film's many characters who insist on speaking in English without being good at it. The prize for mangling the language, however, must be shared by the actor playing Riya's father who, when shouting at her mother, sounds like he's discovering words for the first time, and by Riya's suitor, a man with an unbelievably cartoonish 'what-ho' accent who calls a simple diamond pendant 'baroque.' There is some reprieve in the form of Vikrant Massey, acing both English and Bihari tonality, and who, with the first smile he flashes - simple, confident, assured - demonstrates the straightforward vibe Madhav needed.
He is not the highlight, though. Also starring in this film, after much noble talk of philanthropy and toilets for the girl-child, is Bill Gates. As in, a still photograph on Gates digitally glued onto another man's body. Words cannot describe how mortifying this sequence is, a cameo to rank right up there with the time Cindy Crawford played Dev Anand's mother.
Half Girlfriend is about two halfwits who belong together. It is a film that claims to celebrate romance and undying passion and gates both Bill and Indian, but all it does is applaud a spoilt man who believes he's a scapegoat. He is not. He is, in fact, a man who hands the woman he loves a butcher knife, gets down on all fours, sticks his neck over a earthen pot of biryani and goes baaaaa. Off with his head.


Respond to the "Do you have health insurance?" question.
After you have submitted your credit card info, etc, make sure your print out the membership card that is shown there.
Your team manger will need you to email him/her the "Membership ID #" from that card (Not the "Order Number").


Because who doesn't like free? And because we want you to be successful, and we definitely don't want money to get in the way of you finding your niche! We provide many free resources to support your journey.
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Posted on April 30, 2015 by markvoger in Horror, Sci-fi // 0 Comments
Beware! The hot chick you're dating may be a robot
"You must see it to believe it!"
So proclaims the trailer for "The Creation of the Humanoids," a wacko color sci-fi cheapie that can be insufferably talky and occasionally laughable, but not necessarily unwatchable.
"Don't do it, Sis!" A lobby card for "The Creation of the Humanoids."
"Humanoids" has some fairly deep sci-fi concepts that lead me to believe its screenwriter, Jay Simms, either read, or wrote, a lot of short stories in those science-fiction digests so prevalent at the time.
The setting is Earth following a devastating atomic war. Survivors develop humanoid robots (with bald heads, blue skin and sparkling red eyes) to assist in the reconstruction. Simple sci-fi so far, right?
Okay, here's where it gets a bit thinky: The robots are categorized by a series of numbers that reflect their proximity to human perfection. Stay with me. An R100 robot would be a perfect human. Got that? But it is illegal to improve a robot above an R70.
Science happens in this lobby card for "The Creation of the Humanoids."
A source of concern for some humans is that the robots have, of their own accord, been evolving up the "R" chain. These humans are afraid the "clickers" (a pejorative for robots) are developing a quasi-religion. Indeed, the robots call their recharging depot a "temple, " and no humans are allowed on the premises. Concerned humans form an aggressive vigilante organization, the Order of Flesh and Blood.
Meanwhile, a brilliant scientist (who later becomes a brilliant scientist's essence in a robot body) begins churning out R96 robots. These, you realize (if any of this synopsis has clung to your brain), are a mere four points below human.
And that's the Cliff Notes version.
You can bet these "clickers" are up to no good. At left is Dudley Manlove, who played pudgy, imperious alien Eros in "Plan 9 From Outer Space."
A big problem: Most of these far out, albeit thoughtful, sci-fi concepts are communicated via the aforementioned insufferable dialogue. Characters talk and talk and talk. This will cause a lot of people to run screaming from "The Creation of the Humanoids," but fans of cheezy sci-fi will consider it a gem.
Two credits in the film must be made known. Buffs will remember Dudley Manlove, who plays a "clicker," as Eros, the pudgy, imperious alien in "Plan 9 From Outer Space" whose infamous "stupid, stupid, stupid!" speech is a touchstone of schlock cinema. Manlove may be jowlier than in his "Plan 9" days, and painted blue to boot, but there's no mistaking that '50s TV pitchman voice.
Having a "clicker" around to tend to your every need doesn't seem like such a terrible thing, does it?
Know also that the robot makeups are by Jack P. Pierce, the artist who created the looks for the Frankenstein monster, the Wolf Man, the Mummy and many other monsters in the Universal Studios horror classics of the '30s and '40s. In other words, he the man. "The Creation of the Humanoids" was Pierce's second-to-last film, and as such is required viewing for all Universal geeks, no matter how painful the experience.
It is cinematic irony itself that the career of such a major player in the Universal classics intersected with that of a "Plan 9" cast member. Sleep with dogs, wake with fleas.
A cool thing: For such a low-budget film, "Humanoids" achieves a respectable "dystopian future" look. The film stock is a bit blurry, and favors reds and blues, but the sets and matte paintings are executed with care. This thing is worth a spin.
Well? Was she?
And spin it, I did. I binged hard on "The Creations of the Humanoids," having watched it five times in a row. With each viewing, I gleaned new nuggets of information, which are imbedded deeply within the – here comes that word again – insufferable dialogue). Such as: Cragus (Don Megowan), the leader of the Order of Flesh and Blood, has an embarrassing problem: His sister is living openly with a robot. That's right – they're an item. (Cragus and his sister are both infertile because as children, they would sneak out at night and play in the atomic ruins, which glowed blue.) Then – spoiler alert – Cragus finds out that he's a robot! And so is his new girlfriend! But with "a few simple operations," the robot couple can have babies.
I'm almost afraid of what I might pick up on the sixth viewing.
On the "Creation of the Humanoids" creative team:
In the '50s, dames always had on lingerie and heels when monsters attacked. And they were always blond. "The Creature Walks Among Us" (1956).
Star Don Megowan might look familiar. He did a lot of TV, a lot of westerns, a lot of bit parts in bigger pictures. But why do we horror geeks remember him? Megowan played the Creature on land in "The Creature Walks Among Us" (1956), the third and final in the Creature series. Yep, that's Megowan wearing those weird pajamas as the humanized-via-surgery Creature. (Somehow, I doubt this is what Mama Megowan raised her little boy to do.)
"Humanoids" screenwriter Jay Simms also wrote, or had a hand in writing, "The Killer Shrews," "The Giant Gila Monster," "Panic in the Year Zero" and episodes of the Boris Karloff-hosted TV anthology "Thriller."
"Humanoids" was directed by Wesley Barry, who helmed 1950s westerns and was a child actor in silent films(!).
And "Humanoids" was the only film to be produced by Edward J. Kay, a prolific composer for the movies. Have you ever watched Monogram's horror films or westerns or Bowery Boys movies, and noticed the odd musical themes and cues (often mismatched to the action)? Kay wrote 'em! Monogram buffs will recognize many of the 300-plus films Kay did music for: "The Ape Man," "The Bowery at Midnight," "Ghosts on the Loose," "Revenge of the Zombies," "King of the Zombies," "Voodoo Man," "The Face of Marble." Kay was nominated for five Oscars, including one for – you're not going to believe this – "King of the Zombies." That's right, a Monogram horror movie was nominated for an Oscar.
Just knowing all of this adds another level of weirdness to "The Creation of the Humanoids." As if it needed one.
View 34-page "Monster Mash" preview
Dudley Manlove
Jack P Pierce
The Creation of the Humanoids


We live in a world that is progressively increasing in speed and the surge of technological advancement has increasingly created distance among the humans who utilize it. Despite the innovation and productivity that technology provides, we must continue to find ways of bridging the gap between people who at the end of the day are the most important in any working environment.
The greatest tool for preserving human relationships just happens to be communication. Communication is such a simple concept yet performs too many functions all at the same time. In the 21st century workplace, communication can be with peers, with managers, with executives or with direct reports.
Today, I want to share with you a little on communicating with Executives. An executive is a leader in an organization who has senior level management responsibilities.
Most of the rules which apply to basic effective communication like being empathic, concise and clear apply to communicating with executives but because of the formal distance, you might want to be a little more strategic about your communication with executives.
I mean what would you do if you suddenly found yourself face to face with Larry Page, the CEO of Google? Would you be prepared to have a conversation with him? Well, the chance of you meeting top-level management of your firm serendipitously might be rare but what if it is your job to give them a direct report or you get a chance to make a presentation?
Thinking with the executive in mind is critical for a successful communication strategy. It's important for you to observe and identify the executive's communication style because you have less opportunity to leave an impression unlike with your colleagues with whom you can course correct their impression of you.
In case you are not familiar with the executive in question, it will be wise for you to do your research before meeting him. One of the style models for quickly determining what somebody's style is and knowing how to adjust to them is called DISC.
"D," stands for 'direct' – someone whose impulse is to act quickly and make decisions based on logic. For this kind of executive, you want to be as brief as possible and straight to the point. If you are making a presentation to him, you want to show him in the most concise manner. You want to identify what the problems are, how you arrived at the solution and what is in it for the company.
"I," stands for 'inferential' – someone whose impulse is to act quickly and make decisions based on emotions. With this kind of executives, you must establish a relationship with him and while making your presentation, create a vision with pictures and a little storytelling. You should appeal to his sense of empathy.
"S," stands for 'steady' – someone whose impulse is to act slowly and make decisions on emotions. This type of executive doesn't just up and make decisions based on adrenaline. You want to be very polite in your analysis. You should ask him open-ended questions that will give him room to talk and ask you questions as well. He may not give you a response immediately but your ability to really break things down will most likely secure for you, the feedback you desire.
Lastly, "C," stands for 'compliant' – someone whose impulse is to act slowly and make decisions based on logic. This executive needs your presentation to be accurate, precise, thorough and full of data. You want to take him through your presentation step by step and you don't want to influence him to make a decision. Just give him all the information required, he will usually ask for a few days to think things through.
Mostly, no one is perfectly suited to one style exclusively as people evolve based on their environment. Armed with these tools, you can be well guided in making the most out of your rare meetings with executives and leave a lasting impression.
Here are a few more keys that will help you to be persuasive and ready for an unplanned meeting anytime.
1. You need credibility and credibility comes from your expertise and relationships. One cannot do without the other. Remember words fly quickly in any human establishment so you want to be incredibly good at what you do and build healthy relationships with the people you work with.
2. You must master how to frame your discussions. Leaders tend to hijack conversations and really you cannot control what they say or do but you can guide the discussion to serve your end.
3. Use product or process knowledge to frame the benefits of your position or suggestion. Sound like you know what you're saying.
4. Don't tell them what they already know. This can be boring don't you agree?
5. Don't forget your corporate structure. Every organization has rules of operation and you want to remain within the bounds of your company structure.
7. Practice. The art of great communication is one that requires practice and you should not be tired of building this skill.
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Broke people create the best content; Ebooks and Blogging.


Samus Aran is back. Good god it feels to great to be able to finally say that. Samus Aran is back! Metroid hasn't been away as such in recent years - let's not forget last year's Federation Force, an odd and slightly limp offshoot that didn't do much to allay fears that this was a series on life support - but this is a full-blooded return, a double header that could prove every bit as powerful as when Samus' late 90s hiatus was interrupted by 2002's exceptional Prime and Fusion.
Will Metroid Prime 4 be able to provide the same seismic jolt as Retro Studio's GameCube original? The familiarity a numbered sequel implies suggests it might not, but we've a while until we find out exactly what Nintendo's done for this most welcome of revivals. Before then there's this, a remake of 1991's Metroid 2 from MercurySteam that's coming to the 3DS this September. The lineage here is clear; this is a Metroid game in the more traditional sense, and after the diversions of the action-focussed Other M and the co-op based Federation Force, that's going to be very welcome indeed.
And if you're wondering how much Metroid: Samus Returns feels like classic Metroid, consider this; in two hours spent with the game's opening, I got lost. Horribly, joyously lost, in the manner of all good Metroid games, laying bombs at every wall in despair, retreading each step before retreading them again and wondering if I'll ever find a way out. So yes, Metroid is back alright.
It's still a very different brand of Metroid, though, thanks to the source material. The Game Boy's Metroid has always been a curious beast, a sequel that took the original's exploration in a direction that's never really been pursued again since. Rather than the arching intricacy and explicit gear-gating that's since become baked into the Metroidvania formula, you're tasked with finding a certain number of Metroids in each area before you're allowed to continue. It's at once more linear and more free-form as you're restricted to single areas while being given the freedom to pursue your objectives within them as you wish.
The problem with the Game Boy original lay with how its depiction of the planet SR388 was never very distinctive. That monochrome screen played its part, and finding your way through the lookalike caverns and halls of Metroid 2 was an often torturous affair. More than any other game in the series, this was crying out for a remake.
And it had one already, of course, with Milton Guasi's unofficial AM2R. There will be some - myself included - who prefer how that game appropriated Super Metroid's pixel art to what MercurySteam's gone for here, but the Samus Returns approach has its benefits. 3D is used smartly, be that in multi-layered artwork that frames the adventure or in the world itself which is neatly brought to life. The art direction is perhaps a little on the nose in parts - there's not quite the elegance or enigma there that marks out Metroid at its best - but it's a handsome game nevertheless.
There are other welcome improvements, too. New abilities such as a scan pulse highlight useful items in the environment (akin to playing the game on easy, of course, but it's a feature that can be ignored), while a full map system allows you to chart your adventure, laying multicoloured pins down to mark points of interest. Combat's been given a shot of adrenaline, too, with a free aim enabled by holding down a shoulder button and rooting you to the spot. It makes for a muscular remake that does a good job of pasting over some of the original Metroid 2's shortcomings.
I doubt it'll be enough to earn this a place among the very best Metroids. Coming to Samus Returns directly from a recent playthrough of Super Metroid shows that Nintendo would go on to perfect the formula in a way a faithful remake doesn't have the freedom to do. It does have the freedom to polish up a somewhat unloved and under-played part of the series' history, though, and reaffirm what it is that makes Samus so special - and why we should all embrace her true return.
Retro Studios take control, will start project afresh.