Effective management is crucial to the prosperity of an organization, and a bachelor's in management will place graduates on the path to becoming successful managers. A major component offered in a typical management degree program is the study of business communications. Students will gain skills in public speaking, active listening, collaborating in small and large group presentations, as well as the creation of effective business letters and reports. In addition to developing these skills, students will have an understanding of primary research and statistical methods, and will be able to efficiently balance costs, risks, and time management. It is important for students to choose a management degree program as multi-faceted as the career itself in order to be fully prepared to excel in this field.
What are the fundamentals for earning a bachelor's degree in management?
A common management degree program is a bachelor of arts in project management. This type of degree provides the principles of management and leadership along with fundamental courses in accounting and statistics. Prerequisites for an undergraduate program include a high school diploma or completion of an associate's degree program in a related field such as management or business administration from an accredited school, like DeVry University.
What can I do with a bachelor's degree in management?
Potential career opportunities include a retail store or supply chain manager, government leadership, or a product development manager. With a general management degree, graduates can also pursue careers in construction if architecture and design are areas of interest. This degree can also prepare students to assume the role of a sales manager, product manager, market researcher, and various other in-demand careers.


by Edia Stanford-Bruce The year I turned 40, I disappeared. It had been coming on gradually, this "fading," but I waved it away as the mere product of an over-active imagination or peri-menopausal anxiety.
I own but one thing as my crowning achievement on earth. Of all the roles I have ever played on stage or off, the dearest one has been the role of "mama", or as my own would say, "mami";(to some, "Gamma", "Auntie E" and "Abuela").
sample from Chapter 3 - "How Not to be a Sucker"
I love the community theatre for many reasons, but especially because it taught me well how to embrace goodbye. In contrast, when other industries hire people, they want to be so sure of making the right decision that saying, "goodbye" is avoided. Hiring Managers want to lean back in the chair as if to say, "Aaaaah!


text:
Q: Netlify error when deployin sveltekit app when i build my sveltekit app locally and then run yarn preview, everything works as it should, but when i deploy my site to Netlify i get this error
{
"errorType": "Runtime.UserCodeSyntaxError",
"errorMessage": "SyntaxError: Unexpected token '.'",
"trace": [
"Runtime.UserCodeSyntaxError: SyntaxError: Unexpected token '.'",
"    at _loadUserApp (/var/runtime/UserFunction.js:98:13)",
"    at Object.module.exports.load (/var/runtime/UserFunction.js:140:17)",
"    at Object.<anonymous> (/var/runtime/index.js:43:30)",
"    at Module._compile (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:999:30)",
"    at Object.Module._extensions..js (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:1027:10)",
"    at Module.load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:863:32)",
"    at Function.Module._load (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:708:14)",
"    at Function.executeUserEntryPoint [as runMain] (internal/modules/run_main.js:60:12)",
"    at internal/main/run_main_module.js:17:47"
]
}

I am using the netlify adapter, and the project uses firebase.

A: I had the same problem recently and fixed it the following way:
Go to your Netlify account and select the site you want to build. Switch to "Site settings" > "Build & deploy" > "Environment variables". With "Edit variables" add the following:
Key: AWS_LAMBDA_JS_RUNTIME
Value: nodejs14.x

Save and try deploying your site again. :)

credits: benmccann; netlify docs

A: The answer from Mue worked for me only after adding the following in my netlify.toml file (taken from the adapter-netlify README):
[functions]
  directory = "functions"
  node_bundler = "esbuild"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Golf clubs: instruments of various shapes, materials (wood, iron) and functions that are used to hit the ball along the course.
Club with a long shaft that is used for long distances, especially at tee-off; originally made of wood, most of these clubs are now made of metal.
Part of the shaft that is held and manipulated by the golfer's hands.
Long part of the golf club; the head is attached to the end of it.
Club with a metal head and a shaft that is shorter than the wood's; it is used for medium- and short-distance strokes.
Slanting lower part of the club with a face for hitting the ball.
Part of the club's head that is used to hit the ball.


text:
Grizzlies show out on the diamond
Mike Duprez
Parts of Oak Grove came from North Davidson and other parts came from Ledford, so it wouldn't be a stretch to envision the Grizzlies becoming good in baseballl.
It's looking like the Grizzlies are already there as the country group Lonestar might say.
The evidence early in 2019 indicates that even as Grizzlies coach David Thomas preaches caution. Oak Grove dismantled previously unbeaten Central Davidson on Tuesday but Thomas, mindful that his team must face Central again on Thursday, didn't give the Spartans any bulletin board material. Far from it.
But the Grizzlies were looking good on Tuesday after their 11-2 win brought their record to 4-1. They have won four in a row since opening with a 3-0 loss to North and its ace, East Carolina commit Merritt Beeker. Oak Grove came right back with Tanner Tesh's no-hitter against the Black Knights. Any no-hitter is special but that one stood out more than usual.
Tesh was on the mound again Tuesday and turned it a nifty six-hitter after a few hiccups in the second inning. The junior right-hander was being scouted by a couple of Ledford coaches, who were impressed. Tesh is 2-0 with an 0.64 earned run average. Yep, that's impressive.
They've got a decent leadoff hitter, too, in Levi Perrell. The softspoken outfielder shares a last name with North's Jackson Perrell. Well, sort of. Jackson Perrell's last name is pronounced "pearl" while Levi Perrell's name isn't.
"That's the Reedy Creek version," Levi Perrell said. "Mine's the Midway version. ... I mean, we're cousins."
The Ledford accent to Oak Grove is quite apparent with Thomas, his father Danny and pitching coach Cliff Butcher. It's almost surreal to see David Thomas in the teal and black with an OG on the cap. Thomas will always be Ledford through and through. He is one of the all-time Panther greats in sports. His dad has always coached with him, too, and it was a coup landing Butcher, another Ledford fixture.
Until two years ago, Thomas was on the Ledford staff. He might have even been seen as a coach-in-waiting but Chris Adams has many years left to coach.
So when the Oak Grove job came open, Thomas jumped at it. That's not surprising given that Oak Grove athletic director Stan Smith is also a Ledford sports icon.
There are a lot of games left in 2019 and anything can happen. So far, the Grizzlies are doing just fine.
Mike Duprez can be reached at (336) 249-3981, ext. 218 or sports@the-dispatch.com. Follow Mike on Twitter@LexDispatch_md.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Hjulström curve, named after Filip Hjulström (1902–1982), is a graph used by hydrologists and geologists to determine whether a river will erode, transport, or deposit sediment. It was originally published in his doctoral thesis "Studies of the morphological activity of rivers as illustrated by the River Fyris." in 1935. The graph takes sediment particle size and water velocity into account.

The upper curve shows the critical erosion velocity in cm/s as a function of particle size in mm, while the lower curve shows the deposition velocity as a function of particle size. Note that the axes are logarithmic.

The plot shows several key concepts about the relationships between erosion, transportation, and deposition. For particle sizes where friction is the dominating force preventing erosion, the curves follow each other closely and the required velocity increases with particle size. However, for cohesive sediment, mostly clay but also silt, the erosion velocity increases with decreasing grain size, as the cohesive forces are relatively more important when the particles get smaller. The critical velocity for deposition, on the other hand, depends on the settling velocity, and that decreases with decreasing grainsize. The Hjulström curve shows that sand particles of a size around 0.1 mm require the lowest stream velocity to erode.

The curve was expanded by Åke Sundborg in 1956. He significantly improved the level of detail in the cohesive part of the diagram, and added lines for different modes of transportation. The result is called the Sundborg diagram, or the Hjulström-Sundborg Diagram, in the academic literature.

This curve dates back to early 20th century research on river geomorphology and has no more than a historical value nowadays, although its simplicity is still attractive. Among the drawbacks of this curve are that it does not take the water depth into account and more importantly, that it does not show that sedimentation is caused by flow velocity deceleration and erosion is caused by flow acceleration. The dimensionless Shields Diagram, in combination with the Shields formula is now unanimously accepted for initiation of sediment motion in rivers. Much work was done on river sediment transport formulae in the second half of the 20th century and that work should be used preferably to Hjulström's curve.

See also
Sediment transport

References

Hydrology
Geomorphology
Curves
Geography
Geological techniques
1935 in science

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


UNITED NATIONS, June 11 -- When and why does the UN speak off the record? This is the tale of six briefings -- four that have happened and two that have not -- and of a practice that is in lurching evolution on the shores of Turtle Bay, at UN Headquarters.
On Monday a background briefing was offered by "a senior UN official" about the Special Tribunal for Lebanon created by Security Council Resolution 1757. Speaking without his name, this individual estimated that the Tribunal could cost some $30 million a year, compared he said to $100 million a year for the UN tribunals for Rwanda and the Former Yugoslavia. The individual said, "I've hired for some times, months ago, one former officials of one of these tribunals to help us" set up the budget.
On other aspects of the tribunal, the individuals made comments on the record, because "some of your colleagues abroad would like to know more about the tribunals."
The individual was asked, why is this on background, why can you not be named? The individual said the goal was to avoid "frustration" for reporters, with so many "open questions."
Inner City Press; There�s something called the Sudanese Media Centre, which has reported that Mr. Bashir has again said that this was an attempt by Western countries to re-colonize Sudan. Is this the type of thing that he says to the Secretary-General? Is there any response from the Secretariat?
Spokesperson: No the Secretary-General was not aware of that. This is a media report and this is not the tone of the conversations that the Secretary-General has had in the past with Mr. Bashir.
"Although the quote is fine and can be attributed to [redacted], our concern is that if you use it together with quotes attributable to 'a senior UN official,' everybody will know that it was [redacted] who did the background briefing. I would ask you to please use the quote in a way that doesn't compromise the identity of the briefer."
This proviso was thrown out the window five days later, by a sophisticated senior UN official who mixed on-the-record and not-for-attribution quotes. In near-ludicrous obeisance to the UN's inconsistent and often unexplained demands for secrecy, Inner City Press is not using any of Monday's briefer's on-the-record quotes. It is, however, time for the UN Secretariat to get it together with regard to its briefers who are produced only if they are not named.
The need for reform remains on display in the never-amended anonymous accusation of a senior UN official to dozens of UN correspondents, repeatedly stating that a white plane used by the Sudanese government in Darfur, with "UN" on its wing, came from Kazakhstan. Later, Inner City Press' research, still not contested by the UN, matched the number on the plane's wing with a Russian airline, and after deliberation, Inner City Press did not name the UN briefer, but stated his nationality, Russian. It's also worth noting that, at the end pf a previous briefing about the Congo, when a wire service reporter said she would not write about the briefing or the issue unless the briefer's name could be used, this briefer said, "Fine, use my name." Can you say, arbitrary?
Inner City Press was later approached by an individual in the UN Department of Public Information -- apparently no one in the UN is supposed to be named -- and had what seemed to be a clarifying conversation. Among other things, Inner City Press advised that particularly in light of the UN's position that as an inter-governmental body they must defer to member states (during the 2007 meeting of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, canceling a human rights film about the Hmong at the request of Vietnam, click here for that), the UN should not be requesting anonymity in order to accuse, as it now appears falsely, a member state. The conversation seemed productive, although the issue was again raised last month when Inner City Press asked that the List of Staff of the UN Secretariat be released. On June 11, Inner City Press was pointedly reminded, "this is a background briefing."
Spokesperson: This is not a new investigation. It is not a new allegation. This is something going back to 2005, as you know. There have been a number of investigations around that specific case already. I think the Secretary-General mentioned today that an investigation had been launched by SRSG [Special Representative of the Secretary-General William Lacy] Swing, who last week asked the OIOS [Office of Internal Oversight Services] to conduct a full investigation into all detainees held by MONUC�s [United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo] Ituri Brigade in 2005. So, this is not a new investigation into a specific case, it [is] a continuing investigation.
Question: So, then a 'renewed' investigation. Can we have someone come and tell us about the developments and what�s being done to stop future incidents and so on and so forth?
Spokesperson: Well, as you know, subsequent information was provided to DPKO by Ms. Arbour last week and that will be provided to OIOS as part of the ongoing investigation. I'll try to find someone who could come and brief you on this once the investigation is completed.
The problem is, if the past is any guide, the investigation might not be finished for two years.
Finally, for now, the most-needed briefing, which should be on the record but has not even been offered on background, is by the Deputy chief of staff. The nominal chief of staff was witnessed leaving UN headquarters alone at 8 p.m. on Monday. He has appeared, on the record, in the briefing room on February 9. From the Deputy chief of staff, whom the LA Times called the real Secretary-General, why no briefing? Developing.


Happy Saint Patrick's Day! People all over the world celebrate this day. Students do you know where the holiday has its roots? That's right front row the Roman Catholic faith. Catholics believe in the communion of saints. That is that some people have lived holy lives and are canonized as saints. We believe these people are in heaven. So today is the feast day of Saint Patrick. He is the patron saint of Ireland although he wasn't Irish. He was Scottish. He was captured and enslaved from ages 16 to 22. He escaped to France and became a Catholic. He vowed to return to Ireland convert it to Catholicism. He was successful. He established many monasteries, churches, and schools. There are many legends surrounding Saint Patrick. My favorite is that he used the shamrock to explain the trinity. He died on March 17, 461. Students this may be an extra credit question on our final exam!
Today our readings were about the covenant of Abraham and the promise of his people outnumbering the stars. This makes me remember using the book by Lois Lowery Number the Stars as an English teacher. The gospel reading was about the transfiguration of Jesus when he went to pray on the mountain. It makes me think of the old Ten Commandments movie. Moses (Charlton Heston) came down from Mt. Sinai looking like he stuck his finger in a light socket. Boy, he was transfigured! This makes chuckle.
First let's look at the promise to Abraham. Do you realize that even though many of us are not descendents of Hebrew ethnicity, we are a part of God's holy family through Jesus Christ. If you look at the covenant to Abraham like this it's easy to see that yes we are also his posterity or future children. The price paid by Jesus was not only for the Jewish people but also the Gentiles and all humans. We are family! All 7.53 billion of us.
Are you feeling like your heart is lighter?
Brenda Darby Reed my cousin who was born on St. Patrick's Day. She's celebrating in heaven this year.
This weekend I've been having a grand time! I have enjoyed my family and especially my grandchildren. March is also a busy time for me because I love college basketball. When basketball games are on, we watch as a family. This is one of the reasons students that my blog is late. But have no fear I will catch up.
The readings today filled me with joy. I felt very special. God has chosen us to be his holy people. He has chosen to give us life to the fullest and weekends with my family and grandchildren make me feel that promise has been fulfilled. God really wants us to be happy I know I've said this over and over but I want you to believe it. Remember I told you to take a field trip this weekend. I said that field trip could be to church or just spend moments to yourself or with your family. I hope that you plan to do this.
You see students, we are loved. Nothing can separate us from this great love and the gifts that God wants for us is this life and also after this life. These forty days we are going to unwrap this beautiful gift. Homework? Love your family.
Author showtunessalPosted on March 17, 2019 March 17, 2019 Categories LoveTags ALS, Christian, family, GrandchildrenLeave a comment on Grand Time!


text:
Q: Is it possible to store PostgreSQL (multiple row) query result into an array element? (Disclaimer: I am quite inexperienced with SQL this far.)
The title already says it. I'd like to have whole tables stored as array elements. So myarray[1] is table, myarray[2] is another table. The tables do have same widths and attributes (column names) but different number of records (rows).
Maybe this is not possible just in PostgreSQL, but should use for example Python to access PostgreSQL database.
So maybe, a PosgreSQL array cannot be type 'table', or composite type?
eg.
I have a relation (table) with at least two attributes (columns) and several records (rows). The real table has tens of cols and thousands of rows. Greatly simplified:
CREATE TABLE data_orig (category integer, date adate, ...);
INSERT INTO data_orig VALUES (1, 2016-02-28, ...);
INSERT INTO data_orig VALUES (1, 2016-02-29, ...);
-- and so on
INSERT INTO data_orig VALUES (2, 2016-02-28, ...);
INSERT INTO data_orig VALUES (2, 2016-02-29, ...);
INSERT INTO data_orig VALUES (2, 2016-02-27, ...);
--and so on, categories 3 - N

I'd like to have an array, where array elements are results of the queries.
CREATE TYPE mytype AS (
   category int,
   adate date);

-- Pseudo code about definition of the array I'd like to have:

define myarray mytype[];

I'd like to have a loop, where the original data table is pruned from the most recent dates to the oldest. In advance I do not know how many dates in some category there is. So I may end up having 2 or 10 or N tables and therefore array of size 2, 10 or N.
-- Make a copy of the original..

CREATE TEMP TABLE data_temp1 AS
   SELECT category,adate FROM data_orig;

-- LOOP would be start here.

-- Get the lines with the latest dates.
CREATE TEMP TABLE data_temp2 AS
  (SELECT category, max(adate) AS adate
    FROM data_temp1 GROUP BY category);

-- Store the result to array.
**myarray[1] = data_temp2;**
--
-- Substract the last result from the working copy.
CREATE TEMP TABLE data_temp3 AS
  (SELECT * FROM data_temp1 EXCEPT SELECT * FROM data_temp2);

DROP TABLE data_temp1;
-- Copy the working copy to data_temp1:
CREATE TEMP TABLE data_temp1 AS (SELECT * FROM data_temp3);
DROP TABLE data_temp2;
-- Get the next recent dates:
CREATE TEMP TABLE data_temp2 AS
  (SELECT category, max(adate) AS adate
    FROM data_temp1 GROUP BY category);

-- Now again, I want to store this data_temp2 table to the array:
**myarray[2] = data_temp2;**
-- And once again subtract the result data_temp2 from the data_temp1
-- and then repeat, until all rows are inserted in the array of tables

This surely wouldn't be the most efficient, because copying BIG tables several times just for temporary use, but anyway the end result should be to have N tables with decreasing latest dates in them. More relational "left joins" is then done with these tables in the array, the wider data_orig and other tables, so that's why they need to be stored somewhere.

A: You can try something like this:
SELECT category, adate, row_number() OVER (PARTITION BY category ORDER BY adate DESC) as rn
FROM data_orig

This will give each row a number: "1" for the newest row in a category, "2" for the second newest and so on. Something like this:
1, 2016-02-28, 2, ...
1, 2016-02-29, 1, ...

2, 2016-02-28, 2, ...
2, 2016-02-29, 1, ...
2, 2016-02-27, 3, ...

You can use this SELECT as a sub-query in a larger SELECT to build on it.
BTW Do not try to put something in an ARRAY in a relational database. Most often it is not the thing you should do. Arrays belong to programming languages like Java and Python, not SQL. Exceptions to this rule are rare.


Ralph News: Bongo Beat Rocks UK! Dave Rave + Plastic Heroes on Tour!
Bongo Beat Rocks UK! Dave Rave + Plastic Heroes on Tour!
Best Rock Album at the 2011 Grammy Awards.
the Festival Beat festival with The Undertones and Guitar Wolf!
"Much of his rep rests on his spells with hugely successful garage rockers Teenage Head and his own power pop alchemists The Shakers, but his CV is truly staggering. His solo catalogue includes fantastic albums like 'Everyday Magic' and the 'lost' album 'Valentino's Pirates' which was originally released on vinyl by the Russian (!) label Melodiya before ending up out of print (and growing in legendary status by the day) for a decade.
Running parallel to these releases has been Rave's career as a much in-demand session musician with his credits including work with the likes of Daniel Lanois, Andrew Loog Oldham, Steve Wynn and Alex Chilton. ... as with all Rave releases – it rewards your input with some of the most glorious melodies you'll hear all year. It's yet another essential Dave Rave album and one you'll enjoy living with for years to come."


text:
Sweden Sliding
Sweden — 2005 IMF Article IV Consultation, Concluding Statement
Last week, the Swedish media noted that the country's economic policy had been praised by the IMF.
Well, I wonder if the person who wrote that had read the Concluding Statement coming out of the so-called Article IV Consultations. This is an annual thing. Well Prepared. Carefully Drafted.
It's true that the IMF starts by speaking of "large gains in productivity, continued low inflation and a comfortable competitive position." 2004 was also a year of "strong economic expansion."
But that's really the end of the praise. And probably as far as the journalists read.
The rest is a rather damming indictment of the government for presiding over "gradual drift" towards higher and higher public deficits. The central government finances are already in deficit, and the overall public sector is heading there fast.
It might not be as bad as in some other countries – but certainly worse than most people are aware of.
But it's not only that. IMF speaks of an "institutional setup that discourages work effort", and notes that figures on how many people work in Sweden should be treated with a large grain of salt.
"Taking account of the large number of employees on sick leave, social assistance, labor market programs, and measures such as mid-life sabbaticals, effective employment is significantly lower. The marked rise in disability pensioners, especially among yonger workers, is particularly worrisome."
And it goes on by calling for redudce income taxes and says that "the pace of structural reforms needs to be accelerated."
Sweden is certainly a country well placed to benefit from the acceleration of European integration and globalization that we are now seeing.
But it requires more forward-looking policies. IMF is worth listening to – in everything it has to say in this report.
2 kommentarer	| Uncategorized	| Direktlänk
Force for Freedom
EUbusiness – EU court rules Swedish state monopoly on medicines is illegal
In these days of eurogloom it's nice to see that the institutions of the European Union continue their work in promoting and protecting the free and open economy that is the foundation for the prosperity of the member countries.
Today, the European Court of Justice ruled that Sweden's state monopoly on medical preparations is illegal. This has been a controversial issue for years in Sweden, with the present monopoly-happy government doing whatever it can to preserve the old-fashioned state of affairs.
It has clearly been an arrangement to the detriment of the consumer – with the state instead taking the side of the public monopoly producer.
Now, it's the end. Great! It didn't prevent the responsible minister in the government to state that they will do whatever, in spite of the European Court, to preserve the monopoly.
Good luck! Those that always insist on fighting losing battles normally end up on the wrong side of history.
Kommentarer inaktiverade för Force for Freedom	| Uncategorized	| Direktlänk
Downing Street Decides
With another resounding No in the referendum in the Netherlands tomorrow highly likely, the focus of attention is rapidly shifting to London.
It's unlikly in the extreme that the Blair government will proceed with plans to hold a referendum on the Constitutional Treaty.
It is more likely to postpone everything indefinitely, perhaps saying that they eventually are ready to have a referendum after the French have had another one or ratified it in some otherway.
This, of course, is little more than pushing the buck around. Nothing of this will happen in the foreseeable future. And if this is the line from London, it is safe to expect that it will be the line coming out of additional capitals, although frenetic efforts are underway to stop the leaks from the ship.
It's far more constructive to note that this Constitutional Treaty will not come into effect in the foreseeable future, and start the real discussion on what really needs to be done.
Two things need to be in focus in that debate. Issues of peace, and issues of prosperity. What really needs to be done.
A debate with substance first and institutions second. Not the other way around. That might make it possible to getthe required support throughout Europe.
Monday – when the British government will show its cards – will be the really crucial day. I'll watch it from the perspective of Moscow.
Kommentarer inaktiverade för Downing Street Decides	| Uncategorized	| Direktlänk
Why No?
TNS Sofres – Sondages, opinion, etudes : Le r�f�rendum du 29 mai 2005
Why did those that voted No in the French refererendum did so? Did they really object to the one or other part of the Constitutional Treaty?
Not really. A quick poll by the TNS-Sofres opinion polling agency tries to answer why the No's noted No.
The number one reason (46 %) is the issue of unemployment and a fear that it will rise further. This is, in its essence, the question on whether globalization is a threat or a promise.
The number two reason (40 %) is the situation in the country in more general terms. It's difficult to see that this has anything to do with the Constitutional Treaty.
The number three reason (35 %) is the alleged possibility of re-negotiating the treaty. Unclear, however, what this re-negotiation should be about.
And the two reasons sharing the number four position (34 %) is that the treaty is difficult to understand and that it is too liberal.
That most constitutional text are rather far from being immediate crowd-pleasers seems to be a point lost, or that the ultimate in being liberal in terms of an open market is really the Treaty of Rome that France signed in 1957 and has been – well, more or less – implementing since then.
I guess that there will be more refined polling and analysis eventually, but these first results are not without their interest.
In the meantime, we are all waiting for the Nethetlands.
Kommentarer inaktiverade för Why No?	| Uncategorized	| Direktlänk
Europe will survive a French Non
It was not a total surprise that France was going to vote No, and accordingly there have been some debates about the possible consequences.
As I have already indicated, I find the official line that everything should just go on in terms of ratification less than credible, in particular if there is a No in the referendum in the Netherlands on Wednesday as well.
It's worth noting that the government in London is not lining up with the official line from Brussels at the moment. From his vacation in Italy, Tony Blair is talking about a period of reflection, evidently wants to wait for the Dutch before he goes any further and announces that the Foreign Secretary will make a more official declaration on the possible road ahead next Monday.
The likelihood of them then saying that they wil go ahead with a referendum in the UK in spite of a double No in France and the Netherlands is virtually zero. And then we will have a situation where the UK de facto will withdraw ratification from this constitutional treaty.
And then it is less likely that the European Council on June 16-17 will just repeat the present official line. But we'll see.
The European Union will now be governed by the Treaty of Nice. That's perfectly OK for the time being. But at the same time one should start looking into ways in which some of the policy changes in the Constitutional Treaty could be implemented without any treaty changes.
In the linked OpEd piece in the Financial Times from last week, Charles Grant discusses certain of these options.
Particularly in the field of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, it is both desirable and possible to start to move in this direction.
The world needs a stronger European role.
Kommentarer inaktiverade för Europe will survive a French Non	| Uncategorized	| Direktlänk
Revolt of the Rural
Le Monde.fr : Les r�sultats d�partement par d�partement
As always, the pattern in election results is revealing, and the pattern in the French referendum result did not deviate from the pattern we have seen in other similar cases.
It's to a very large extent – in the middle of everything else – the revolt of the rural against the urban.
José Bové, who is the leader of the militant anti-globalisation movement in France and somewhat of a celebrity, was obviously right in calling it "a protest vote".
The large and outward-oriented urban areas of France voted yes. In the region of Paris with impressive 66,5 % and in the second biggest city Lyon with 61,4 %. Toulouse with its Airbus and space industries voted 51,3 % yes and Bordeaux did the same with 57,9 %. In Strasbourg, with its particular European history and experience, the Yes vote was 62,9 %.
But the cities were swamped by the rural areas that – with only part of western France as the exception – voted massively no. And they were joined not the least by problem-filled areas in the declining industrial north-east and in the politically polarized areas down by the Mediterranean. The city of Marseille voted no with 61,2 %.
In essence, this is not too dissimilar from the results that we had in the different referendums on European issues in the Nordic region.
The urban versus the rural, and the modernizers versus the protesters.
Europe – What Now?
Lefigaro.fr, l'actualit�francophone au quotidien
With exit polls giving the No side 54,5 % of the vote in France the fate of the Constitutional Treaty is de facto sealed.
We have missed a possibility to create a better functioning European Union with the possibility of a stronger voice in the world and better possibilities of fighting crime in Europe itself.
That is, needless to say, bad. But it's not the end of neither the European Union nor of Europe. When some prominent voices claim that a No would mean "the end of the future of Europe" – in this case it was Romano Prodi – it is of course unmitigated rubbish.
Europe goes on. The question is how. There will be the need for a new leadership in a new situation.
The majority in France gave their no because they were dissatisfied with the present and fearful of the future. A substantial part of that clearly had to do with the domestic affairs of France, but a substantial part was also related to Europe as a whole.
They feel lost in a Europe where globalisation and integration is making change the necessity of the day. They evidently feared that their – in my view hopelessly outdated – view of France would be a loser in that Europe. In that sense, they might not have been that wrong.
The immediate result of the vote is obviously a crisis for France. It's a failure for both President Chirac and for the Socialist Party. There will have to be a serious soul-searching in the political forces of France before they can start to approach these issues again.
In itself, this might not be a bad thing.
In the capitals of Europe, and not the least in Brussels, the question is of course how to proceed with the issue that the French have now voted on – and the Dutch will vote on this Wednesday.
Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker of Luxembourg – holding the European Union presidence at the moment – have said that everything should go on and every country should take its decision on the treaty. A referendum should be held in Luxembourg on July 10.
But this doesn't make any sense whatsoever.
First there is the very obvious risk that it will be just an accumulation of further negative decisions. Even Luxembourg might well vote No if France and the Netherlands have already done it.
Then it is now clear that this particular text will never enter into any force. The decision of France must be respected. To continue with ratification in different countries is just to prolong the agony.
When the European Council meets in Brussels on June 16 they should close down the process officially. But they should also stick to their previous agreement to meet in November of next year to consider the situation and discuss what to do.
Then the period until then will be a period of further reflection and debate. In the meantime, everything will work in accordance with all the treaties in force.
In the meantime we might see changes in the political landscape of Europe. There will in all probability be a new government in Berlin by this autumn. There might well be a new Prime Minister in London within this period. And shortly thereafter – in March 2007 – there will be a new President in France.
Clearly, the Europe of today can provide the leadership that inspires. But after a debate across the borders in the coming years, there is at the least the possibility that we will get it.
We are entering a new and not uninteresting phase in the evolution of the European Union.
You are currently browsing the Alla Dessa Dagar blog archives for maj, 2005.


The scammers are preying on victims by cold calling them and impersonating an HMRC member of staff. They advise the victim that they owe a large amount of tax which they can only pay off by digital vouchers and gift cards, including Apple's iTunes vouchers.
The scam victims are told to go to a local shop, to purchase vouchers, and then read out the redemption codes to the scammer. The conmen then sell on the codes or purchase high value products, all at the victim's expense.


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The California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST) is a standardized test administered in the state of California. It is available as an option in Oregon and Nevada. The test is intended to score basic proficiency in reading, mathematics, and writing. The test is divided into three sections: the reading and math sections each containing 50 multiple-choice questions; and the writing section, consisting of two essay questions. The entire test must be completed in four hours, and test-takers may allocate the time to each section at their discretion. There is no limit to the number of times the test may be taken. Test-takers do not have to pass all three sections in one sitting. A $41 registration fee for paper-based testing ($30 for each of the three sections in the computer-based testing) must be paid each time the test is taken.

Program overview

The California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST) is a standardized test which can satisfy the basic skills requirement for teacher credentialing in the state of California. The exam is also available as an option in Oregon and Nevada. It was developed by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing (CTC) to meet the California Education Code (Section 44254), which was amended by the legislature of California on February 1, 1983.  This amendment "requires teachers, administrators, and other school practitioners, [to] demonstrate adequate proficiency, in English, of three basic skills: reading, mathematics, and writing."  The CBEST is administered by the National Evaluation Series (NES), a division of Pearson VUE, under the direction of the CBEST Program. It does not test an individual's teaching skills or abilities; it only tests reading skills (critical analysis, evaluation, comprehension, and research skills), mathematics skills (estimation, measurement, computation, and problem-solving, etc.), and writing skills that are considered important for a job in the education field, either at the elementary, secondary, or higher education levels.

The CBEST gives a separate score for each section tested, and a passing score must be obtained in every section to pass the test. Passing the CBEST is one way to satisfy the California Education Code basic skills requirement for obtaining a California teaching credential, required to teach in California public schools.

The CBEST format was implemented by the Oregon Teachers Standards and Practices Commission (TSPC) in July 1984 to assess the basic skills of individuals entering the education field. Six months after, it became a requirement for obtaining a license in Oregon as an educator. At the time it was implemented, it was an additional requirement for obtaining a license or credential, and it did not replace the other requirements established for the issuance of teaching credentials. While the CBEST remains an option in Oregon, as of June 11, 2011, the state legislature approved other methods for meeting the basic skills requirement in that state.

Test design/sections
The CBEST consists of three sections, containing multiple-choice questions and two essay questions. Each multiple-choice question presents five choices (A through E) and examinees are given four hours to take the test. The time given can be divided among the three sections in any way desired.

Reading section
The reading section contains 50 multiple-choice questions based on original passages of between 100 and 200 words. In some cases, these passages may be short statements of not more than one or two sentences. These questions measure the ability to understand the information given through the written word or in charts and graphs. They emphasize critical analysis, evaluation, comprehension, and research skills.

The critical analysis and evaluation portion is approximately 40 percent of the questions from this section, and the comprehension and research skills portion is approximately 60 percent of the questions from this section.

Mathematics sections
The mathematics section contains 50 multiple-choice questions that assess cumulative knowledge of the mathematics traditionally taught in elementary and high school and, sometimes, in college. These questions come from three broad categories: arithmetic, algebra, and measurement and geometry. None of the questions strictly tests computation, but computational skills are required throughout the test.

About 40% of the questions on the mathematics section of the CBEST are related to arithmetic. About 20% of the questions are related to elementary geometry and the remaining items are related to other mathematical concepts and skills.

Writing sections
The writing section contains two essay questions. This portion of the CBEST assesses the ability to compose two effective essays within the given time session. The essays must answer the two topics printed in the test booklet. One topic requires an analysis of a given situation or a particular statement, and the other asks for a narrative about a personal experience. These essays test the ability to compose effective prose and to communicate ideas to an intended audience.

Essay writing demonstrates the ability to think critically and to use language logically and clearly. The 30-minute time limit for each essay allows little time to rewrite or to reflect on the writing. Therefore, the performance on this portion of the test will demonstrate the ability to organize and support ideas quickly.

Scoring the exam

Passing requires a total of 123 points across all three sections, and a score no lower than 37 in any one section.

Writing scores

Essays are scored by California, Oregon, and Nevada educators, according to standardized procedures during scoring sessions held immediately after each CBEST administration. Writing scores are determined by scoring each of the two essays holistically according to the criteria described in the CBEST Writing Score Scale.

CBEST Writing Score Scale

 Rhetorical Force
 Organization
 Support and Development
 Usage
 Structure and conventions
 Appropriateness

Computer-based testing

CBEST computer-based testing (CBEST CBT) is available "by appointment, year-round, Monday through Saturday (excluding some holidays)." In addition, "[t]est appointments are accepted on a first-come, first-served basis, and seating is limited. The exam is administered at Pearson Professional Centers operated by Pearson VUE. Each site gives a list of the testing windows that are open for registration. Test sites show information about available test centers in California and other centers in the United States.

California Basic Skills Requirements

The CBEST is an option for prospective educators to satisfy the basic skills requirement in the following situations:

 applying for a teaching or service credential for the first time;
 employees starting a new job who have not taught during the prior 39 months;
 applying for admission to either a teacher-preparation or service-credential program approved by the CCTC.

Before registration

Test selection
Registrants for the paper-based CBEST are automatically registered for all three sections. One, two, or all three sections may be taken at a given paper-based test administration.

Registrants for the computer-based CBEST may register to take one, two, or all three sections. The test fee is the same regardless of selection. Section selection may not be changed after registration; withdrawal and re-registration are required for any section changes.

Test dates and sites

The CBEST is offered several times a year, at different locations throughout California, Nevada, and Oregon. Specific CBEST test dates can be found at the CBEST website.

A test area choice can be indicated when registering for the CBEST. A specific test site will be given based on the facilities available and appropriate for test administration. Test sites are subject to change due to scheduling conflicts. Although "every attempt will be made to ensure that the new site is located in the same general aree as the one originally requested," it is recommended to carefully review the test area selections as changes are made.
Prospective Registrants can refer to the Pearson VUE website for up-to-date information about all available test centers and emergency registration test areas.

Test fees
Fees for Internet and telephone registration must be paid using a credit card or a debit or check card. The fees for registration by U.S. mail and for other services requested by mail must be paid by check or money order.

Registration options
There are three different ways to register for the CBEST including internet registration, mail, and telephone registration.

Internet registration is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Internet registration for the paper-based test can be utilized during regular, late, and emergency registration periods. Registration can occur through the official CBEST website," following the instructions listed. Telephone registration is open from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Time), Monday through Friday, excluding certain holidays. Registration must be completed by 5:00 p.m. (Pacific Time) on the registration deadline to be eligible for that specific registration period.

Mail registration deadlines are strictly enforced and must be postmarked by the regular registration deadline. Anything postmarked after the deadline may cause delays or cause you to incur additional registration fees. Telephone registration can be utilized during late and emergency registration periods only. Registrants can call (800) 262-5080 or (916) 928-4001 on the given times and dates. Examinees can then confirm their registration by consulting the CBEST website in the state where they registered.

The day of test

Reporting to test site
The paper-based test session begins at 8:00 a.m. and ends from 12:45 p.m. to 1:15 p.m. Testing times may vary at testing locations outside of California. The computer-based test session varies depending on what was confirmed in the confirmation email.

What to bring and test site rules
Paper-based test takers are required to bring an admission ticket, sharpened number 2 pencils with erasers, and proper identification. For computer-based testing, only paper identification as described in the "Identification Policy" is required. CBEST test sites do not allow the following on-site: any smoking and the use of tobacco products, visitors, weapons of any kind, cell phones, electronic communication devices, calculators, handwritten or printed materials, packages/totes, food/drink, and unauthorized aids.

During and after test
"During the test, [examinees] will have four hours to complete the exam to work on any test section;" bathroom breaks are allowed, but this counts toward the four hours allotted. No type of communication is allowed during the test. When the test is completed, the testing materials are collected and test-takers must leave the facility.

Passing score
All three sections of the test must be passed in order to pass the CBEST. Raw scores can range from 1–50, which are then converted to scaled scores ranging from 20–80. The passing scaled score on each section of the test is 41, and a minimum total score of 123 for all three sections must be achieved to pass.

Obtaining test results
Scores are mailed four to six weeks after the test date. For each section, the scores announce whether or not the section was passed, and it suggests areas within each section that one might need to study. The score report also includes the highest score obtained. A passing score on any section of the test does not have to be taken again.

References

External links
 CBEST Official Site
 Pearson VUE CBEST Site

Standardized tests in the United States
Education in California


Vampisoul's Discos Fuentes reissue series continues with this dancefloor filler. Michi Sarmiento is part of the Discos Fuentes family: his father Climaco was an in-house arranger there after playing in Lucho Bermudez's legendary porro orchestra. Michi came up in the 60s, when the Colombian music scene was being heavily impacted by Latin music from Puerto Rico and New York City: bugalu, descarga and the early elements of what we now know as salsa. That's what DJs were spinning and dancers were moving to, so Michi made a point of adding it to his band's repertoire of cumbia, merecumbe, gaita and all the other Afro-Colombian sounds of his hometown of Cartagena. This 1973 album, Combo Bravo's sixth, is a great example of how diverse a working band had to be back then – practically every song is in a different rhythm. Highlights include a Nuyorican-flavored guaguanco (2), a swinging calypso (4), a Cuban-style rumba (7), a hot descarga with the full NYC sound (8), and a Puerto Rican bomba-plena that's been turned into Dominican merengue. It's easy to see why these guys were popular – they could keep the dancers going all night.


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Man Saw A Dog Struggling To Breathe In A Hot Car, So He Did What He Had To Do To Save Him
Clive Oxley was out in St Ives, Cornwall in England, when he spotted a Springer Spaniel locked in a tourist's car all alone. The dog was panting heavily and struggling to breathe, so Oxley didn't even hesitate to smash one of the car windows to save the dog.
The dog was sitting hunched over in a tiny crate with no water, and none of the windows were left open. Even so, it was extremely hot outside, and it was an estimated 125 degrees Fahrenheit inside the car. If Oxley didn't smash the window open, the dog could have died from the heat.
Oxley then alerted police. The owner then returned and admitted that she had left her dog in the car for an hour and a half while she went to Pizza Express. When she got back she said, "oh God, my dog. It is lucky it is not dead."
Clive Oxley
She then took the dog and walked off, but Clive saw her husband driving to the police station ten minutes later.
Temperatures can rise extremely quickly in cars, and it can be deadly to leave dogs inside. Dogs should never be left in them, no matter how quick you're going to be.
"I would tell anyone in my situation – just smash it and get it out. It was virtually breathless when we finally got it out. It wouldn't have had long left," Clive told Daily Mail.
Watch the rescue below:


Bigger is better, right? That's why there have been more hotel mergers and acquisitions in recent years. There are also many hotel chains building larger loyalty programs to pull in more travelers. Besides hotels, Airbnb and online travel agents (OTAs) also want to get bigger through acquisitions.
When it comes to product development, however, investors seem to favor small, boutique concepts over bigger ones. Here are a few examples.
As Sears goes through bankruptcy and closes hundreds of stores, the company plans to open three smaller stores under the Sears Home & Life banner on Memorial Day weekend. These will only focus on appliances, mattresses, and home services.
The size of these smaller and specialized Sears stores range from 10,000 to 15,000 square feet, less than one-tenth the size of an average Sears store (155,000 square feet).
It is uncertain, however, whether what Sears is trying will help the company turn around its business, with some critiques saying that Sears opening smaller and specialized stores is "a very old strategy" that will amount to "zilch." At least Sears is making an effort to fight back with specialized stores like The Home Depot and Lowe's.
CitizenM, a microhotel brand that positions itself as a place for "affordable luxury," received a cash boost last month from a giant fund run by the Singaporean government for a 25% stake in the business.
Similar to other popular microhotel brands in the market, such as The Pod Hotel, Yotel, and Arlo, citizenM offers smaller (or "micro") guestrooms with open space for social activities, including a "living room," a canteen, and a cocktail/coffee bar.
Marriott debuted the Moxy Hotels brand in 2013, where guestrooms are small but have urban and functional designs. The brand is also known for its "flexible" functional space.
Wyndham recently revealed the prototype of its new hotel brand—Microtel. This award-winning economy hotel brand targets travelers who usually stay in the economy and midscale hotels.
Other examples include Motto by Hilton and Avid by InterContinental. Along the line of promoting social interactions among travelers, JO&JOE by Accor Hotels is another affordable, hostel-like brand that tailors to travelers with a budget.
For the most part, a shifting customer base and its new preferences drive the development of new brands and concepts. Gen Zers, for example, are more likely to accept automatic services; they also expect new designs for better use of the space.
Microhotels that are usually built with smaller guestrooms but have flexible, multi-functional space for social activities can meet the demands of younger travelers. Consumers may also find it easier to build an intimate personal relationship with small, mom-and-pop hotels or retail stores than with big corporate brands. This helps promote customer loyalty.
Is that all? What other reasons drive the growth of microhotels and smaller retail stores? Is this another example of how business can win big by acting small?


Minutes of the Blair Hills Association, Culver City, California, held at the Stoneview Nature Center at 7:00 p.m. on the 15th day of January, 2019.
Kerri Payne-Lui called the meeting to order at 7:11 pm.
· There is a dangerous blind spot at the four way stop at Lenawee and Ivy. Because of the pedestrian crossing on Lenawee, the stop sign cannot be moved forward. The fence on the north side of Ivy blocks the view of those turning left, but it also is legal and up to the property owner's discretion. Be careful at this intersection and pull out slowly.
· Floretta Taylor Gafton – Beautification projects – If anyone in the neighborhood has ideas for future beautification projects please come to the February meeting and speak with Floretta, who heads the beautification committee.
o The project between Lenawee and La Cienega is running behind schedule. They are waiting on Edison's approval for the underground utilities before putting the new streets in. It will be another few months before Edison approves and the work can get started. There will be a three way stop at the intersection of Lenawee and the project.
o The project includes 8 new homes and an assisted living facility. The first phase including four houses has begun. The second phase including four more houses will kickoff when the first phase is complete. The new streets will go in as part of the first phase, which should be complete by late spring.
o Square footage of the new houses is 3,200. They are 4 bed, 4 bath, single family homes. The existing home on the site will remain.
o Assisted living facility – They are working on financing for the facility. Should be 9 months from financial commitment to permits from the city, and then 18-24 months to build. The facility will have 90 units and 100 beds. The facility qualifies for residential zoning. Also there will be a deceleration lane built on La Cienega to provide an entrance to the assisted living facility. However you will not be able to exit to La Cienega from the site.
Kerri made a motion to adjourn the meeting at 7:58pm. Seconded by Annie. Motion Carried.


What is Photo Concierge? How does it work?
PhotoConcierge is a digital marketplace that brings artists and buyers together. It is a global marketplace for photography, illustrations and videography (called "Media"), offering on-demand creative imagery. Our community of Photographers, Illustrators and Videographers (called "Contributors") create customized and exclusive stock content, where Buyers can search and licence media. Brands, companies and individuals (called "Buyers"), based on their specific media and budget requirements, can create custom "Requests" and our contributors can respond by submitting their media for the buyers requests.
I am excited to sign up! What is the next step?
Signing up with PhotoConcierge is very easy. Click on the sign-up button located on the top right corner of the main page. Fill in all the required information, choose whether you want buy artwork, sell artwork or buy and sell artwork. Check the terms and conditions box and hit enter. A verification email will be sent to your registered email account. Verify your account to perform the next few steps in the registration process.
If you are a seller, you will be redirected to an upload page where you have to upload five best media from your collection. Minimum resolution of images need to be 4MP, with 1000px on longer edge. Click "Finish" once all five media are uploaded. Your account will then go through a moderation process and once approved, you will be able to complete your profile and start selling images. A team of curators will check your content for originality, authenticity, visual appeal and a variety of other factors. Your account may be rejected if the images you have submitted don't meet our curation guidelines or don't belong to you.
If you are a buyer, you can start purchasing images from the platform soon after verifying your account.
If you are a buyer and seller, the process of registration is the same as that of the seller, as mentioned above.
Which browser can I use to open your website?
We support all major browsers including Chrome, Firefox, Safari and Internet Explorer (IE10 onwards, Microsoft Edge).
Does PhotoConcierge have an Android or iOS app?
Buying and selling visual content has never been easier. You can now use our Android app available on Google Play or our iOS app available on App Store, today!
Do I have to mention my social handles?
Provide a link to at least one of your social media handles in the "Account Details" tab in your "Account Settings" page. This is a mandatory field and you will not be able to use your account, until at least one of your social handles has been updated.
What kind of images/videos/vectors can I upload?
While building your account on PC, you should ideally submit media that is beautiful with a commercial appeal. Additionally they should be sharp, clean and unique. We do not put a limit on the size of media but a high quality and high resolution media is always preferable. The more media you upload, the better the chance of getting noticed and going up the PC User Level ranking. When submitting to a Request, refer to the client's brief.
I have media that I want to put up, how do I upload my media to sell on your platform?
Sign into your profile and use the "upload media" option to start sharing and getting responses. Quote your prices, fill in all the details for the media and you are good to go!
I have uploaded my media but it is not published and continues to show that it is awaiting approval on the platform. What do I do?
As a policy, we moderate all media that is shared on our platform. We don't allow media which is libellous, defamatory, obscene, blasphemous, pornographic, harmful to minors, indecent, lewd, harassing, threatening, invasive of privacy or publicity rights, abusive, inflammatory, sacrilegious, fraudulent or is otherwise objectionable. Once your media is approved by our moderators, it will be published on the platform. The approval may take 48 hrs as we receive huge amount of media every day. So, please be patient.
Are all my submitted photos put up for sale?
Once a photograph submitted by you is approved by PhotoConcierge, they are automatically up for sale.
I have many photos on Instagram. Can I submit from there?
Instagram only allows photos of 612px or smaller, which is a very small size for our buyer's needs. You can however, upload the high resolution of the same image.
How do I price my images?
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text:
We Need To Move On
According to the Washington Posts' Rosalind Helderman and Josh Dawsey, former president Donald Trump remains relentlessly focused on the false claim that the November election was stolen from him and is increasingly consumed with the notion that ballot reviews pushed by his supporters around the country could prove that he won, according to people familiar with his comments.
In Arizona, Maricopa County Recorder Stephen Richer, a Republican who defeated an incumbent Democrat in November, said he believed state GOP leaders knew that the claims of electoral fraud in the state are "facially laughable."
Still, he said in an interview, "ordinary people, the ones who are showing up on a Wednesday night at a political meeting, I believe they really believe it. And that's super sad."
Once again, it is time to give you some facts about voter fraud.
* In 2020, Trumps own enabler, Attorney General William Barr, said: "There is no widespread voter fraud that would have changed to outcome of the election."
* Since 2000 there have been 491 reported cases of voter fraud via absentee ballots, for every election, in every state, in total. Think about how many total votes in that time have happened and the percentage is so small you can't calculate it.
* According to Loyola Law School, between 2000 and 2014, while looking for credible evidence of voter fraud, they found 31 examples out of billions of votes.
* A five year study by the George Bush Commission on voter fraud, found no evidence of organized voter fraud, anywhere.
* In the 2016 election, the Justice Department found 4 documented cases of illegal votes in 135 million votes nationwide.
The bottom line is that there has never been found, any evidence of an organized, widespread, campaign to rig an election. Ever in our country's history. None, no matter how many times the idiot above says there is, or has been.
As a country we are moving towards a dark hole of destruction to our democracy. Nearly seven in ten republicans believe the 2020 election was stolen from the goof above.
IT WASN'T! HE LOST! GET THE HELL OVER IT ALREADY.
What the hell is wrong with you people? He has never told you the truth about anything, ever, in his life. Why would you believe this stupidity of all the crazy shit he has spouted? We can't get three people to come together on what day of the week it is and you actually believe that 75 million people figured out a way to rig an election? How crazy are you?
And by the way, if an orchestrated rigging took place, why would it not have included more winners for the democrats in the house and senate and state legislatures too? Do you think they were smart enough to steal the election from nuthead, but dumb enough not to give themselves a larger margin to pass legislation?
If we can't move past this, which is easy to prove that it is false, then how are we going to ever move forward on the tough issues? We are at a crossroads moment in our country's history. We can either continue down the road of democracy, as a beacon to the rest of the world that it can work, or we head down the road of tyranny, chaos, and civil war.
We've already survived one civil war, I don't think we can survive another.
The shame of it would be to lose everything this great country stands for over the lost election of a coward, cheater, liar, idiot, and clown.


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Centra Medical Group Physical Medicine & Pain Management Center is located on the campus of Centra Southside Community Hospital. Our office provides services to help treat chronic pain. We thoroughly evaluate each individual and develop an appropriate, safe and effective plan of care to achieve optimal health, minimize disability, restore function, and control or alleviate pain.
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text:
Q: Determinant of $a_{i,j}=(x_i+y_j)^k$ How can I find the determinant of the matrix $A\in\mathcal{M}_n(\mathbb{R})$ with coefficients $a_{i,j}=(x_i+y_j)^k,k<n$ ?
All the $x_u,y_u$ are real numbers.
Derivating won't help, and I didn't find any good way to simplify the problem.

A: Result
For $k<n$,
$$\det(x_i+y_j)^{k}=\mathbb{1}_{k=n-1}  (-1)^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}} \prod_{k=1}^{n-1}k^{2k-n} \prod_{i_1 < i_2}(x_{i_2}-x_{i_1})\prod_{j_1 < j_2}(y_{j_2}-y_{j_1}) $$

Proof
Fact 1
$$\det(x_i+y_j)^{k}=\mathbb{1}_{k=n-1} Const_n \prod_{i_1 < i_2}(x_{i_2}-x_{i_1})\prod_{j_1 < j_2}(y_{j_2}-y_{j_1}) $$
where $Const_n$ is a real number that only depends on $n$ and does not depend on $x$s and $y$s.
Proof 1
If $\exists i_1, i_2: x_{i_1}=x_{i_2}$, then our determinant is $0$ because 2 rows will be the identical.
Likewise, if $\exists j_1, j_2: y_{j_1}=y_{j_2}$, then our determinant is $0$ because 2 columns will be identical.
Thus our determinant, which is clearly a polynomial, should be
$$\prod_{i_1 < i_2}(x_{i_2}-x_{i_1})\prod_{j_1 < j_2}(y_{j_2}-y_{j_1})$$
up to a factor of some polynomial in $x,y$, i.e.
$$\det(x_i+y_j)^{n-1}=SomePolynomial(x_1,\dots, x_n, y_1, \dots, y_n)\prod_{i_1 < i_2}(x_{i_2}-x_{i_1})\prod_{j_1 < j_2}(y_{j_2}-y_{j_1})$$
Note that $\prod_{i_1 < i_2}(x_{i_2}-x_{i_1})\prod_{j_1 < j_2}(y_{j_2}-y_{j_1})$ is a homogeneous polynomial of degree $n(n-1)$, which puts a lower bound on the degree of the determinant.
On the other hand, if you try and write the determinant as a sum of products over all permutations with correct sign (definition), the result will be a homogeneous polynomial of degree $nk$.
Since the total degrees of these two polynomials must agree, we must have the inequality $n(n-1)\leq nk\implies n-1 \leq k$. But $k<n$ by assumption, so either $k=n-1$ or no such polynomial exists; in the latter case we conclude that the determinant vanishes identically.
If $k=n-1$, the leading factor must have degree zero i.e. the two polynomials agree up to a constant, and this constant only depends on $n$:
$$\det(x_i+y_j)^{n-1}=Const_n\prod_{i_1 < i_2}(x_{i_2}-x_{i_1})\prod_{j_1 < j_2}(y_{j_2}-y_{j_1})$$
Fact 2
$$Const_n = (-1)^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}} \prod_{k=1}^{n-1}k^{2k-n}$$
Proof 2
If we compute the determinant according to the definition, then expand all $(x_i+y_j)^{n-1}$, we will have a linear combination of $$\prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{p_i} \prod_{j=1}^{n} y_j^{q_j}$$ where $\sum_{i=1}^n p_i + \sum_{j=1}^n q_j = (n-1)n$.
The contributions of element $(x_i+y_j)^{n-1}$ are of form $$\binom{n-1}{m} x_i^{m} y_j^{n-1-m} \ \forall m \in \{0,1,\dots,n-1\}$$
Thus, for a given $\prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{p_i} \prod_{j=1}^{n} y_j^{q_j}$, $$\exists i^* \in \{1,2,\dots,n\} : \#\{i | p_i=p_{i^*}\}=1 \implies \exists ! j^* \in \{1,2,\dots,n\} : (p_{i^*} + q_{j^*}) = n-1$$ In other words, if among the values of powers of $x$s there is a unique one, with index $i^*$, then there will be one and only one value of $q$s equal to $n-1-p_{i^*}$; we denote its index as $j^*$. This means that one of the contributors to this permutation is part of element $(x_{i^*} + y_{j^*})^{n-1}$, $\binom{n-1}{p_{i^*}} x_{i^*}^{p_{i^*}} y_{j^*}^{n-1-p_{i^*}}$
This implies that, for the terms $\prod_{i=1}^{n} x_i^{p_i} \prod_{j=1}^{n} y_j^{q_j}$ where all $p$s are unique, there is only one permutation that contributes to it. To identify this permutation, we would pair up $p$s and $q$s (all $p$s are unique, all $q$s are unique, they all belong to $\{0,1,\dots,n-1\}$, there  are $n$ of each, so pairng up exists and is unique). The indices of the pairs will be the indices of the elements of  $(x_i+y_j) ^{n-1}$ that contributes to the permutation, the powers will gives use the coefficients of the contribution of each element.
We will apply this fact to one of the contributions of the main diagonal,
$$x_1^{n-1} x_2^{n-2} y_2 x_3^{n-3} y_3^2 \dots x_{n-2}^{2} y_{n-2}^{n-3}
x_{n-1} y_{n-1}^{n-2} y_{n}^{n-1}$$
If we the the definition of the determinant, the contribution this term receives (it will come with "+" sign), is
$\prod_{k=0}^{n-1} \binom{n-1}{k} = \frac{\left((n-1)!\right)^n}{\left(\prod_{k=0}^{n-1} k!\right)^2} = \frac{\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}k^n}{\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}k^{2(n-k)}}=\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}k^{2k-n}$
This contribution in terms of $Const_n$ is
$$(-1)^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}}Const_n$$
(all $y$s come with "+" sign, all $x$s come with "-") sign.
Thus $$Const_n = (-1)^{\frac{n(n-1)}{2}} \prod_{k=1}^{n-1}k^{2k-n}$$
Not sure if my proof is clear, but I fear that adding more details will make it even more obscure. Questions welcome!

A: Here is an answer for the $(k,n)=(2,3)$ case which, as I will discuss at the end, can be readily generalized  and made more elegant. Observe that the product of Vandermonde matrices
$$\begin{pmatrix}1 & x_1 & x_1^2 \\ 1 & x_2 & x_2^2 \\ 1 & x_3 & x_3^2 \end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}y_1^2 & y_2^2 & y_3^2 \\ y_1 & y_2 & y_3 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}
=\begin{pmatrix}
y_1^2 +x_1 y_1+x_1^2 & y_2^2 +x_1 y_2+x_1^2 & y_3^2 +x_1 y_3+x_1^2
\\ y_1^2 +x_2 y_1+x_2^2 & y_2^2 +x_2 y_2+x_2^2 & y_3^2 +x_2 y_3+x_2^2\\
y_1^2 +x_3 y_1+x_3^2 & y_2^2 +x_3 y_2+x_3^2 & y_3^2 +x_3 y_3+x_3^2
\end{pmatrix}$$
is very nearly off the desired form, with the only incongruity being that the $x_i y_j$ terms should have a coefficient of $2$. This is remedied by inserting a diagonal matrix $D=\text{diag}(1,2,1)$ between the matrices above, thereby multiplying the row of the second Vandermonde matrix by $2$. The elements of the resulting matrix are then indeed of the form $a_{ij}=(x_i+y_j)^2$.
So our matrix is the product of two Vandermonde matrices and a diagonal matrix. Recalling the form of the determinant of a Vandermonde matrix, taking the determinant thus yields the polynomial
$$-2(x_2-x_1)(x_3-x_1)(x_3-x_2)\cdot (y_2-y_1)(y_3-y_1)(y_3-y_2).$$
with a minus sign owing to the orientation of the second Vandermonde matrix.
This is a fairly nice answer, and one imagines the following generalization: For the case of $k=n-1$, the matrix is obtained by multiplying two Vandermonde matrices with a diagonal matrix of binomial coefficients $D_{ij}=\delta_{ij}\binom{n-1}{i}$. The resulting determinantal polynomial would thus be
$$-\prod_{k=1}^{n-1}\binom{n-1}{k}\prod_{1\leq j\leq k\leq n}(x_k-x_j)(y_k-y_j).$$
I imagine an elegant proof of this is possible.

A: Here is a refinement/generalization of the approach in my first answer. First, note that by way of the binomial theorem we may express $(x+y)^k$ for given $x,y$ in bilinear form:
\begin{align}
(x+y)^k
=\sum_{l=0}^k\binom{k}{l}x^l y^{k-l}
&=\begin{pmatrix}1 & x & \cdots & x^{k-1} & x^k \end{pmatrix}\\
&\quad \cdot \text{diag}\left(1,k,\binom k2,\cdots,k,1 \right)\\
&\quad \cdot \begin{pmatrix}y^k & y^{k-1} & \cdots & y & 1\end{pmatrix}^T
\end{align}
We can write this compactly as $(x+y)^k = \mathbf{x}^T (DR) \mathbf{y} $ with $(k+1)\times 1$ column vectors  $(\mathbf{x})_{0\leq i \leq  k}=x^i$, $(\mathbf{y})_{0\leq i \leq  k}=y^i$, a $(k+1)\times (k+1)$ diagonal matrix $D=\text{diag}\left[\binom{k}{i}\right]_{0\leq i \leq k}$, and $R$ the $(k+1)\times (k+1)$ order-reversing permutation matrix $(R)_{0\leq i,j\leq k}=\delta_{i,k-j}$.
Applying this formula element-wise to the problem of interest, we have  $a_{ij}=(x_i+y_j)^k=\mathbf{x}_i^T (DR)\mathbf{y}_j$ and so $A=X^T( DR )Y$ where we have introduced the $(k+1)\times n$ rectangular matrices $$X=\begin{pmatrix}\mathbf{x}_1 & \mathbf{x}_2 & \cdots  & \mathbf{x}_n\end{pmatrix},\\ Y=\begin{pmatrix}\mathbf{y}_1 & \mathbf{y}_2 & \cdots  & \mathbf{y}_n\end{pmatrix}.$$
Writing this as $X^T(DRY)$, we have reduced our problem to that of finding the determinant of a product of $(k+1)\times n$ and $n\times (k+1)$ rectangular matrices. There are three cases:

*

*If $k+1 > n$, then the LH matrix has more rows than columns; but this is ruled out by the assumption $k<n$. (I'm inclined to post a new question for this case.)

*If $k+1<n$, then the LH matrix has more columns than rows. Consequently the resulting matrix cannot have full rank (specifically, it has rank at most $n$) and the determinant vanishes.

*If $k+1=n$, then all the matrices are square and the determinant of the product is the product of the determinants. For $X^T$ and $Y$, we observe that these are (up to a matrix transpose) Vandermonde matrices over the variables $\{x_{1\leq i \leq n}\}$ and $\{y_{1\leq i \leq n}\}$; the corresponding Vandermonde determinants are $\prod_{1\leq i< j\leq n}(x_j-x_i)$ and $\prod_{1\leq i< j\leq n}(y_j-y_i)$. The diagonal matrix $D$ has determinant $\prod_{i=0}^{n-1}\binom{n-1}{i}$. Since the order-reversing matrix $R$ has may be converted to the identity matrix by $\lfloor n/2 \rfloor$ row transpositions, we have an overall sign of $(-1)^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}$. (For comparison with Yulia's answer, this may also be written as $(-1)^{n(n-1)/2}$ since both exponents have the same parity over integers.) Multiplying these factors, we have the final result for the $k=n-1$ case as
$$\displaystyle \boxed{(-1)^{\lfloor n/2\rfloor}\prod\limits_{i=0}^{n-1}\binom{n-1}{i}\prod\limits_{1\leq i< j\leq n}(x_j-x_i)(y_j-y_i)}$$