text:
poliuto
What is "poliuto"
Poliuto is a three-act tragedia lirica (or tragic opera) by Gaetano Donizetti from the Italian libretto by Salvadore Cammarano, which was based on Pierre Corneille's play Polyeucte written in 1641–42. It reflected the life of the early Christian martyr Saint Polyeuctus.
Regarded by one author as Donizetti's "most personal opera" with the music being "some of the finest Donizetti was to compose", Poliuto was written in 1838 for performances planned at the Teatro San Carlo in Naples later that year. However, close to the time for rehearsals to begin, King Ferdinand II refused to allow the martyrdom of a Christian saint to be seen on stage and forbade the production.
Angry at the decision and with a commission for the Paris Opéra due from the composer, Donizetti paid the penalty to the San Carlo for not producing an original work as a substitute, and left Naples for Paris arriving on 21 October. As his first commission for Paris, he decided to revise Poliuto and between 1839-40 a French text, with the title Les martyrs, was prepared by Eugene Scribe which conformed to the conventions of a French four-act grand opera, but which incorporated 80% of the music from Poliuto. It was presented in Paris on 10 April 1840. When eventually given in Italy, it was initially presented in a translation from the French version under the title of I martiri. It took until 30 November 1848, months after the composer's death, in order for Poliuto to finally appear for six performances at the San Carlo in its original Italian three-act version.
words rhyming with poliuto, words from word "poliuto", words starting with "p", words starting with "po", words starting with "pol", words starting with "poli", words starting with "poliu", words ending with "o", words ending with "to", words ending with "uto", words ending with "iuto", words containing "o", words containing "ol", words containing "oli", words containing "oliu",


It is notified that CBSE will conduct the next UGC-NET for Junior Research Fellowship & Eligibility for Assistant Professor which will be held on 10th July 2016 (Sunday). The candidates who desire to appear in the test may see the detailed notification available on the website www.cbsenet.nic.in from 12 April 2016. The candidates are required to apply online only from 12 April 2016. The last date for applying online is 12 May 2016 and fee can be paid up to 13 May 2016 .
NOTE: Printout of Online Application Form (Confirmation Page) should NOT be sent to CBSE.
Maine apna form fill kiya and online payment kri thi….payment ka msg bhi aa gya tha …n form ka print bhi le liya tha…but 2nd Nov ko ugc ki side se mere pash msg aya ki meri fees deposit nhi hui h …isliye mera form accept nhi hua….or last date ja shuki thi isliye m fir se form bhi fill nhi kr skti thi…pls give ur views.
Thanks for all the notification and important dates, It will all the learners. For the success in the exam you need to solve the previous year question paper and mock test paper. As there is a saying "practice makes a man perfect" so just practice practice and practice.


« Political Debt, Are We Budgeting Enough?
This year's budget must focus on generating enough revenue to meet our expenditures and more. The 2011 budget targeted ghc10.6billion in revenue, adjusted in August with an supplementary ghc1.3billion to the end of the year. On the flip side, expenditure was planned for ghc12.7billion and supplemented with ghc0.9million. This reduced the budget deficit gap by ghc0.5billion, leaving a financing gap of ghc1.5billion. We plan for our friendly donors to help us finance the deficit.
This year must be different. We have a lot more with which to plan.
Ghana is in the low middle-income bracket, though you cannot see it. We have some oil wealth, not the planned 120,000 barrels a day, but closer to 85,000 barrels. However, there are still more oil and gas discoveries on the way and it is looking up. Cocoa and gold prices are still higher than expected and cocoa yield in particular is close to 1million Mt a year and improving. Gold hit an all time high during the year and is still threatening to climb higher. Gold Exports have increased substantially and the royalty rate was raised to 5% providing more revenue to Government and stool occupants.
All tax revenue is higher than previous year and we expect that once the Ghana Integrated Financial Management Information System (GIFMIS) is implemented, we will see more control of expenditures and program planning from the Districts and Municipalities.
We are also praying harder than before to the Almighty to bless us with success. He heard us recently and postponed the end of the world so we could prove to the rest of the galaxy that we are capable of managing our own affairs.
In 2011 the budget theme was "Stimulating Growth for Development and Job Creation", and last year Government promised to raise more revenue to meet its obligations. Same time last year, the Finance Minister itemized at least 24 revenue raising measures (read paras 105 to 141 from the Minister's speech to Parliament) to meet recurrent and capital expenditure. Tracking the financial press, I have not seen more than 5 of these measures implemented throughout the year. I remember distinctly that the Ghana Revenue Authority would present VAT changes to Parliament to legislate. I also recall that there would be changes to the stamp tax for the informal sector.
All this notwithstanding, we can expect more of the same this year without a line-by-line accounting to the citizens of the targets met or not by the Government. This piece is not meant for a line-by-line analysis of performance.
When Government goes to Parliament this year to present its budget for the country, the focus must be on how much revenue this economy can generate to meet at least ghc14billion of expenditure (my estimate). Government has to raise this revenue from the existing taxable base but must also create new tax opportunities.
Government must bring millions of new workplaces in the rural and small towns into existence. It is obvious that the kind of modern industry that exists in the developed countries has not worked for us. Those countries are rich in capital and short on human resource, while we are extremely short on capital and very rich in human resource. Obviously, our economic profile is the opposite.
To make this work we must have more imagination for small-scale, more decentralized, more labour-using forms of organization such as existed in Japan in the early days and what contributed to its vigorous growth. We should not be exerting effort into large scale mechanized farming, which is the focus of the agriculture sector today.
Four propositions that I consider including in a forward thinking budget are these.
First, we must create workplaces where people are living now, but not primarily in metropolitan areas into which they tend to migrate.
Next, these workplaces must be cheap enough so that they can be created in large numbers without calling for unattainable levels of capital formation and imports.
Third, we should develop production methods that are simple, and will not demand high skills and also ensure simplicity in the production process, raw material supply, financial, marketing and other steps.
Fourth, production should focus mainly on local materials and should be mainly for local use.
This translates into a decentralized policy, which we have legislated but not completely implemented since 1993. If the purposes of the budget is development and bring help to those who need it the most, each region and district in the country needs its own development. This is nothing new, except this time Government must create incentives to actually move the process on.
Incentives can reward individuals and companies alike and promote a reverse migration. Switzerland has six million people and is divided into twenty "cantons", another name for development districts. The result is a fairly even distribution of the population and industry and no tendency towards the formation of excessive concentrations.
If we continue to ignore implementing our decentralization plan, we will continue to impoverish the poor and there will be no hope for growth in the country. We cannot create industry from Accra.
Obviously, the district approach will not succeed unless it is based on using suitable technology. The choice of industry is one thing, and the choice of technology to be employed after the choice of industry is quite another. Economic development in the poverty-stricken districts can be fruitful if we develop appropriate technology solutions to production. Appropriate technology will be labour intensive and will lend itself to use in small-scale establishments. The budget must have a strong leaning toward supporting appropriate technology solutions.
Finally, we must find a way to monetise our capital and assets. The major stumbling block that keeps us from benefiting from capitalism is our inability to produce capital. Capital is the force that raises the productivity of labour and creates the wealth we need as a nation and as individuals. It is the lifeblood of business. Until we perfect land ownership, home and personal identification and understand the process of how we can convert these assets into capital and finance, we will not be able to leapfrog our poverty goals.
In this budget, Government must demonstrate that it is capable of living outside its silo mentality and tunnel vision and take a swipe at bold initiatives to promote growth where it matters most; in the rural communities.
This entry was posted on November 14, 2011 at 21:57	and is filed under Financial Services, Sydney Casely-Hayford. Tagged: appropriate technology, Budget, Decentralisation, Districts, Ghana Budget 2011, Small-scale. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Health and Family Welfare Minister Mohammed Nasim has urged BNP leaders to refrain from hatching conspiracy over the next general election.
The Awami League presidium member made the remarks while addressing a function marking the National Mourning Day at TB Hospital in Shyamoli area of Dhaka on Saturday, reports BSS.
Later, the participants of the programme offered prayers seeking blessings for the Martyrs of August 15.


Management workers for Burlington County, New Jersey chalk up saved a plentiful of $500,000 this year on NJ insurance premiums merely owing to fewer claims & lesser renegotiated costs with carriers. Cheaper premiums substantially account for the resources. Stephen A. Paolucci, Burlington County's insurance risk claims gaffer, updated province board of freeholders remain week on reserves made in that January this year.
The primary were accumulated over a 9-month extension, with worker's compensation & popular liability contributing seriously. Spending peerless a complete of $1.8 million on New Jersey car insurance payments, the county saved $250,000 on premiums costs in Burlington County. County representatives explained that as hearty responsible driving practice by county employees helped cut the occurrence of accidents & has consequently pushed Burlington County car insurance rates down.
Province regulators announced continuing efforts in negotiating with contrary Burlington car insurers which likewise contributed to cheaper premium rates in New Jersey. Paolucci says they catch constantly, lengthily, and successfully dealt with Burlington insurance providers in string to reduce costs. Burlington county regulators asseverate interventions helped in stimulating competition among carriers, eventually substantial to more competitive prices than were seen in the former hardly any years. Burlington's Division of Insurance & Risk Management takes consideration of such negotiations, he remarked.
County Administrator Augustus Mosca added that $307,546 came from assets on worker's compensation & in popular liability costs. The abundant breaks down into a monthly assets of about $34,171. As explained by Mosca, such discount is substantial and is helpful to the county's economy.
The Administrator attributed the half-million dollar income to the Burlington county's security & health familiarity initiative. This program train employees on how to properly fulfil their duties without jeopardizing their security. Trainings were conducted periodically to reinforce manuals obsessed for regular hardy-being of employees. Owing to of such priority on safety, injuries were minimized as great as the claims that were supposed to feather embrace in NJ. This year, Burlington exclusive paid $2.31 million in claims as opposed to hire on year's $2.62.
Paolucci announced that the county is planning to save lenghty so administrators are cutting on regional government spending. Among the measures to be got would be the reduction of its fleet so administrators will feather economy isolated on vehicles essential in serving Burlington. Extreme week, Paolucci announced elimination of 38 motors. He explained that this can essentially abbreviate back government spending on Burlington car insurance premiums in New Jersey, United States. Thanks to extreme year, a complete of 115 motors were eliminated. Officials course to sequentially intersect vehicles to 125. At instruct, Burlington spends $3.5 million in recover rates, fuel, and NJ car insurance costs. Paolucci emphasized roles played by cash, saying they are critical in closest year's budget.
Many teens may query about business motorbike insurance liability in Baltimore or national automobile assurance coverage for bikers. The answer is simple: learn the theme "Burlington County Saves on NJ Insurance Cost" about nj low auto insurance new jersey and learn the articles for risky drivers from the online motorbike insurance dealers.
Obtain discount automobile insurance quotes from automobile assurance service. Burlington county saves on nj insurance cost and basic rate for insured motorists.


ns35.domaincontrol.com, and ns36.domaincontrol.com are its DNS Nameservers. It is hosted by Godaddy.com Inc (Arizona, Scottsdale,) using Apache web server. Its local IP address is 208.109.181.140.
PING (208.109.181.140) 56(84) bytes of data.


The Corporate Ecards Blog | A resource for corporate ecards and online marketing.
Building strong and positive relationships with existing customers goes a long way in keeping a business successful. When it comes to making a buying decision, customers are influenced by their perception of a business just as much as the quality of products and services they can get from it.
Sending an E-Card to your business associates and customers is the perfect way to let them know that you care. It is a subtle reminder that they are in your thoughts and you are happy for their success or wish them the season's greetings.
Facebook, Facebook live, Snapchat, Instagram and Instagram Stories, YouTube, Periscope---there probably isn't any social media platform which doesn't allow video marketing. In fact, videos have even made their place in business emails in the form of video email marketing.
Email has a little bit of standing for being old-school. In fact, some people think that the whole idea is obsolete.
Whether it is about promoting your business, building customer loyalty, increase customer retention, or increase sales, videos can help you achieve them all. For almost every business, digital marketing has now become an important component of marketing strategy and for some it has even become the 'only' marketing technique because of its effectiveness.
Video email marketing is a powerful tool. Everyone needs more clicks, more views, more conversion rate, more response rate, and more sales and one thing that can get businesses all of these things is effective video email marketing.
With video email marketing, it is easier for businesses today to get the ball into the net. This is an amazing technique which uses video in emails to deliver the message accurately and market the business without seeming too sales-y.
A few years back, adding videos in emails used to be a completely manual procedure not to mention, quite a complicated one too! Today, however, everything has revolutionized and so has video email marketing with new tools that make it easy to insert and send videos in emails.
Although adding videos to your emails directly is a clever technique, it does not always work. When going for video email marketing, it is smart to consider your goals before you hit the 'tee' shot. There will be times where video in emails will serve the purpose better than landing pages and vice versa.
Video email marketing is a powerful marketing technique and a tool that is known for its power to increase sales.


Are you looking for a solid RPG to journey to a mysterious world? Say no more! HIDEA's RPG Man or Vampire is Out & Running! Your adventure to become the king of the paradise begins in this latest run role playing game where you step into the world of the dead souls.
Here, you journey into a mysterious world to save the endangered paradise, and become the king. Players will set out on an adventure to annihilate the epic bosses in various dungeons. You will join hands with your peers to take on the monsters together.
Grow up your main character, learn advanced skills from your colleagues, and enjoy the epic combat. You can use a number of skills to take the monsters down, and the dungeon bosses down. So, kill them all to save the world by downloading the game from Google Play Store now. If you want to know all about the gameplay, head over to read Oxidroid Review. Cheers!
Previous articleMan or Vampire Review – Adventure to Become the King!
Next articlePirate Code for PC – Dominate the High Seas!


I took out an old, tired, yellowing uPVC door and frame and fitted this beautiful Accoya door and frame. Much better than horrible plastic. The door is 55mm thick to take 24mm frosted double glazed units.
A customer asked me to make a stand for a specially commissioned sculpture in his garden. He wanted it made from old railway sleepers. All fixed together with massive stainless steel coach bolts. I think you'll agree, it looks amazing.
Here we have a lovely primed Accoya five panel front door hung in Gosforth. It has raised and fielded panels with bolection moulding to the outside and a planted bead inside. The existing frame was sound and all it needs now is painting.
Fitted some lovely folding doors in Whitley Bay closing off the living room from the dining room. Running on a top track with a guide in the cill and folding effortlessly to the side.
Just finished off a new Wren kitchen fitted in Gosforth. Old kitchen removed and new Wren kitchen fitted, great information from Wren and good units. Re-wired, re-plumbed, re-skimmed, new wall and floor tiles. Looking very smart. Decoration next then the protective covering taken off the doors.
A fantastic job completed in Kenton. I removed the tired old oak looking uPVC door and frame and fitted a bespoke Accoya timber door and frame complete with double glazing. The job looks much better and my customer is delighted.
My customer has sent me some lovely pictures of a deck I finished a few weeks back.


History rather than hybridization determines population structure and adaptation in Populus balsamifera. 2017. Meirmans, P.G.; Godbout, J.; Lamothe, M.; Thompson, S.L.; Isabel, N. J. Evol. Biol. 30: 2044-2058.
A second-generation diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based assay, optimized to distinguish among eight poplar (Populus L.) species and their early hybrids. 2013. Isabel, N.; Lamothe, M.; Thompson, S.L. Tree Genet. Genomes 9:621-626.
An efficient single nucleotide polymorphism assay to diagnose the genomic identity of poplar species and hybrids on the Canadian prairies. 2011. Talbot, P.; Thompson, S.L.; Schroeder, W.; Isabel, N. Can. J. For. Res. 41:1102-1111.
Repeated unidirectional introgression towards Populus balsamifera in contact zones of exotic and native poplars. 2010. Thompson, S.L.; Lamothe, M.; Meirmans, P.G.; Périnet, P.; Isabel, N. Molecular Ecology 19: 132-145.
Impact of exotic poplars on natural stands. 2009. Isabel, N.; Bousquet, J.; Périnet, P.; Meirmans, P.; Thompson, S.L. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec, QC. Forest Health and Biodiversity News. Spring 2009. 3 p.
Impact des peupliers exotiques sur les forêts naturelles. 2009. Isabel, N.; Bousquet, J.; Périnet, P.; Meirmans, P.; Thompson, S.L. Ressources naturelles Canada, Service canadien des forêts, Centre de foresterie des Laurentides, Quebec, QC. Nouvelles de Santé et Biodiversité des forêts. Printemps 2009.


CHESTER, Pa. - The Hood College men's basketball team saw its six-game win streak come to a close in a 65-58 loss at Widener in Middle Atlantic Conference Commonwealth play.
Mason Wang scored a team-high 13 points on 6 of 11 shooting.
Keith Claiborne Jr. had 10 points off the bench, all in the first half, on 4 of 7 shooting.
Evan Wang and Ian Eversull had six rebounds apiece.
The Blazers took a 27-24 lead on a 3-point play by Claiborne Jr. with 5:33 left in the first half but the Pride took the lead after a layup by Elijah Boyd and a Connor Laverty 3-pointer over the next minute.
Hood tied the game at 31-31 on a free throw by Jared Ruiz at the 2:40 mark before Laverty connected on another 3-pointer to give Widener the halftime lead.
3-pointers by Mason Wang and Michael Riley started a 9-2 run to open the second half for a 40-36 lead. Hood responded to three game-tying baskets by the Pride before a 3-pointer by Boyd gave Widener a 48-46 advantage with 9:38 on the clock. Wang tied the game back up but 3-pointers from Boyd and Jared Peters put the Pride ahead 54-48.
Tyler Evans scored four points before a pair of free throws by Wang tied the game again, this time at 54-54 with 4:26 to go. Laverty answered with a 3-pointer 32 seconds later to give Widener the lead for good.
Laverty went 5 of 8 from 3-point range and finished with 19 points. Boyd knocked down four 3-pointers on his way to 14 points. Kenny Lewis and Ryan McMahon scored 10 points apiece. Jalen Howard had eight rebounds, while McMahon passed out six assists.
Hood held Widener to just 39 percent shooting but the Pride hit 11 of 30 3-pointers (37 percent).
The Blazers had an off day behind the arc, going only 5 of 23.
Hood fell to 13-7 overall, while Widener improved to 10-9. Both teams are 7-4 in the MAC Commonwealth.
Lebanon Valley visits BB&T Arena on February 2 at 3 p.m.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\input{introduction.tex}
\section{Hybrid mortar formulation}
\input{problem_setting.tex}
\section{Application to Kirchhoff plate problems}
\input{numerics_2d_plate.tex}
\section{Application to second order eigenvalue problems}
\input{numerics_intro.tex}
\input{numerics_2d.tex}
\section{Vibroacoustical application with a fourth order eigenvalue problem}
\input{numerics_violinsteg.tex}
\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this paper, we have studied, in the framework of isogeometric analysis, the effects of higher-order penalty terms for multi-patch geometries and Neumann boundaries on second and fourth order partial differential equations.
In the context of fourth order problems, the hybrid coupling poses a flexible discretization for multi-patch geometries and can include complicated boundary conditions.
For second order eigenvalue problems, the hybrid coupling reduces so-called outlier eigenvalues, which is relevant  in several applications such as, e.g., explicit dynamics.

\subsection{Consistency terms}
\label{sec:consistency_terms}
While for second  order problems, the penalty approach was used only to enforce additional smoothness, for fourth order problems it is necessary to enforce conformity. Hence, it must be used in a Nitsche-type version with additional consistency terms.

We here adapt the symmetric $C^0$ interior penalty Galerkin method for biharmonic formulation of~\cite{brenner:05,brenner:15}:
Find $ (u_h, \widehat{\tau}_h) \in V_h \times M_h$,  such that
 \begin{align*}
		a_h^{\rm{bi}}(u_h, v_h)+ b({ \widehat{\tau}_h, v_h }) &= f(v_h), \quad   v_h \in V_h,\\
		b({ \tau_h, u_h }) &= 0, \quad  \tau_h \in M_h,
\end{align*}
with
\begin{align*}
a_h^{\rm{bi}}(u_h, v_h)  &=
\sum_{k=1}^K \int_{\Omega_k}
 \operatorname{D}^2 u :  \operatorname{D}^2 v ~ \mathrm{d}{\bf x}
+ c_h(u_h,v_h) \\
&\quad + \sum_{l=1}^L \int_{\gamma_l} \{\partial_{\bf nn} u \}[\partial_{\bf n} v] +[\partial_{\bf n} u] \{\partial_{\bf nn} v \}  \rm d \sigma
\\&\quad + \int_{\Gamma_{\rm D}} \partial_{\bf nn} u\, \partial_{\bf n} v  + \partial_{\bf n} u\,\partial_{\bf nn} v ~\rm d \sigma,
\end{align*}
with the Hessian $\operatorname{D}^2v\colon \Omega\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{2\times 2}$ and $f(v) = \sum_{k=1}^K \int_{\Omega_k}  f v ~\mathrm{d}{\bf x}$.
Since the boundary conditions include the normal derivative, the whole boundary is included in the penalty, i.e., $\Gamma_{\rm BC} =  \partial \Omega$.

We note that the expected convergence rate in the $L^2$ norm is different from the second order case in the lowest order case $p=2$. While Aubin-Nitsche-trick for conforming approximations can be used as for $H^1$-conforming problems, even with optimal dual regularity, the dual approximation order is insufficient to prove the convergence order $h^3$:
\begin{align*}
\left| u-u_h\right|_0^2 &= (u-u_h, u-u_h)_0 = a(w, u-u_h) =  a(w-w_h, u-u_h) \\&\leq \left|   w-w_h \right|_2 \left|   u-u_h \right|_2  \leq c h^2 \|w\|_3 \|u\|_3 \leq c h^2 \left| u-u_h\right|_0 \|u\|_3,
\end{align*}
with the dual solution $w\in H^4(\Omega)$ and its best-approximation $w_h$.
For $p\geq 3$ the approximation order is sufficient to show optimal order $h^{p+1}$ convergence in the $L^2(\Omega)$ norm.

\subsection{Multi-patch convergence on a square} \label{subsec:numerics_plate_square}
As a first numerical test, let us consider a problem with a manufactured solution
 in order to observe the optimality of the method.
Note that all numerical simulations in this article are based on the isogeometric Matlab toolbox GeoPDEs~\cite{geopdes:11,geopdes:16}.

We consider $\Omega = (0,2)\times(0,1)$ and the manufactured solution
\[
u(x,y) = \left(1 - \cos(\pi/2 x) - x + \sin(\pi x)/\pi\right)\left(1-\cos(2\pi y)\right).
\]

We compare three cases: two single-patch settings and a two-patch setting with a non-matching interface. In the first case, both $u=0$ and $\partial_{\bf n} u = 0$ are implemented as essential boundary conditions while in the second case we apply the penalty method on the boundary. The two-patch setting includes penalty terms on the interface as well as the boundary.
 The convergence in the $L^2$ norm for $C=100$ is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:plate_squares_convergence}.
 We see almost identical optimal error values on the same mesh level and all cases with only the number of degrees of freedom varying. As the boundary values are fixed, the number of degrees of freedom  for the essential boundary conditions are the smallest, but the difference with respect to the one-patch penalty case decreases. In the two-patch setting the number of degrees of freedom is the largest, mainly due to the artificially constructed nonconforming mesh. However, we note that this is a quite artificial setting. In many cases, a single-patch discretization is not possible and a higher-order coupling is essential as seen in the next example.

In Table~\ref{tab:plate_squares_var_penalty}, the $L^2$ error for the two-patch setting is shown for different values of the penalty constants. We observe robustness within a wide range of penalty values.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[height = 11em]{figures/plate_squares_quadratic.pdf}\hfill
\includegraphics[height = 11em]{figures/plate_squares_cubic.pdf}
\caption{$L^2$-convergence for essential boundary conditions, a one-patch penalty and a two-patch hybrid penalty setting with the expected order of convergence. Left: $p=2$. Right: $p=3$.}
\label{fig:plate_squares_convergence}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}\footnotesize
\hspace*{-2.5em}
\begin{tabular}{r|c|c|c|c|c|c|c}
ndof & 91& 281& 973& 3\,605& 13\,861& 54\,341& 215\,173\\ \hline
\vphantom{ $\Big($ }$C=1$\hphantom{$1$}&  $0.0039$ & $1.53\cdot 10^{-4}$ & $5.47\cdot 10^{-6}$& $2.60\cdot 10^{-7}$&$1.35\cdot10^{-8}$& $7.85\cdot 10^{-10}$& $7.04\cdot10^{-11}$ \\
\vphantom{ $\Big($ }$C= 10^2$& $0.0013$& $4.88\cdot 10^{-5}$& $2.60\cdot 10^{-6}$& $1.55\cdot 10^{-7}$& $9.51\cdot 10^{-9}$& $5.92\cdot 10^{-10}$& $8.57\cdot 10^{-11}$ \\
\vphantom{ $\Big($ }$C= 10^4$& $0.0013$& $4.98\cdot 10^{-5}$& $2.63\cdot 10^{-6}$& $1.56\cdot 10^{-7}$& $9.54\cdot 10^{-9}$& $5.97\cdot 10^{-10}$& $1.16\cdot 10^{-10}$\\
\vphantom{ $\Big($ }$C=  10^6$&$0.0013$& $4.98\cdot 10^{-5}$&$2.63\cdot 10^-6$ &$1.57\cdot 10^{-7}$& $9.95\cdot 10^{-9}$& $5.69\cdot 10^{-9}$&$1.83\cdot 10^{-8}$
   \end{tabular}
   \caption{$L^2$ error values for the two-patch setting with $p=3$ and a varying value of the penalty parameter.}
   \label{tab:plate_squares_var_penalty}
   \end{table}

\subsection{Beam with holes}
We then consider a beam, with three circular cut-outs, as depicted in Figure~\ref{fig:beam_with_holes}  and observe the convergence for the manufactured solution $u(x,y) = \sin(x) \cos(\pi y)$.
We note that, although atypical in practice, the manufactured solution has nonhomogeneous boundary conditions for practical reasons. However, this sheds a light on the flexibility in the treatment of the boundary condition, which can be used for practical cases, e.g., when the solution is not restricted, but the normal derivative is.

\begin{figure}\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.54\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/init_mesh_beam_with_holes.pdf}\hfill
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.45\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/plate_beam_with_holes/plate_beam_with_holes_l2_ndofs.pdf}
\end{minipage}
\\[.5em]
\hspace{.5em}
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{figures/plate_beam_with_holes/plate_beam_with_holes_h1_ndofs.pdf}\hfill
\includegraphics[width=.45\textwidth]{figures/plate_beam_with_holes/plate_beam_with_holes_h2_ndofs.pdf}
\end{center}
\caption{Top left: Initial mesh for the beam with circular cut-outs and its decomposition into patches; Convergence for the plate equation on the beam with holes and the expected convergence order for $p=2,3$. Top right: $L^2$ error. Bottom left: $H^1$ error. Bottom right: $H^2$ error.}
\label{fig:beam_with_holes}
\end{figure}

The resulting errors in the $L^2$, $H^1$ and $H^2$ norms are shown in Figure~\ref{fig:beam_with_holes} for a penalty value of $C=10^3$. We observe  the theoretically expected convergence order, which equals to the  best-approximation order, except for the $L^2$ norm in the quadratic case.
We also observe, that the error stagnates at a level significantly higher than machine precision, which results from the higher condition number of fourth order equations.

\subsection{Application to linear elasticity}
Now, we apply the penalty method to a non-trivial example of elasticity. We reconsider the two-dimensional beam with three circular cut-outs, see the top left of Figure~\ref{fig:beam_with_holes}, clamped on the left side, with Neumann boundaries on the remaining edges including the circular holes.

We solve the eigenvalue problem of linear elasticity:
\[
-\divergence \boldsymbol \sigma(\mathbf u) = \lambda \mathbf u  \quad \text{ in } \Omega
\]
where the linearized stress and strain are given by
$\boldsymbol \sigma(\mathbf u) = 2\bar \mu \boldsymbol \varepsilon(\mathbf u) + \bar \lambda \operatorname{tr} \boldsymbol \varepsilon(\mathbf u)\mathbf I$ and  $\boldsymbol \varepsilon(\mathbf u) = (\nabla\mathbf u + \nabla\mathbf u^\top)/2$, respectively. The Lam\'e parameters depend on the elastic modulus $E=1$ and Poisson's ratio $\nu = 0.3$ as
$\bar \mu = E/( 2+2\nu)$ and $\bar \lambda = \nu E/( (1+\nu)(1-2\nu) )$.
For the equations of elasticity, the surface traction $\boldsymbol \sigma(\mathbf u) \mathbf n$ plays the role of the normal derivative in the Laplace setting. Hence, the normal derivative in the penalty terms is replaced by $\boldsymbol \sigma(\mathbf u) \mathbf n$.

We note that for such applications, the different penalty parameters must be well-balanced to ensure a good separation of the physical and unphysical eigenvalues. In this example, it turned out best to only consider the Neumann penalty terms, since the outliers of the Neumann boundary dominate the spectrum. For practical applications, balancing the different penalty terms  can be performed on a coarse mesh with low cost.

As we have no exact solution, we compare the results to a computed reference solution.
The results for a quadratic discretization are shown in Figure~\ref{fig:laplace_beam}.
Here we have chosen a penalty parameter of $C=10^5$ and note that a large penalty parameter guarantees a clear separation of the physical and unphysical eigenvalues.
We see that the proposed method provides a significant overall improvement of the discrete spectrum also in the framework of elasticity. In particular, the maximal outlier is reduced to less then half of its value.
Indeed we see that, even though 12 interfaces are present, the Neumann outliers are dominating the spectral approximation and are removed by the proposed penalty.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{center}
\begin{minipage}{.47\textwidth}\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/ev_approx_beam_with_holes_lvl2.pdf}\end{minipage} \hspace{1em}
\begin{minipage}{.47\textwidth}\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{figures/ev_approx_beam_with_holes_lvl2_zoom.pdf}\end{minipage}
\caption{Left: Normalized discrete spectra for the linear elastic beam with circular cut-outs. Right: Zoom to the last 20\% of the spectra. }
\label{fig:laplace_beam}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Influence on eigenvectors and the approximation property}

The numerically obtained eigenvalues can be grouped into physical relevant eigenvalues and  unphysical ones induced by the coupling or the boundary. These spurious eigenvalues are infinite for the mortar case and very large in comparison to the physical ones in the penalty case.
In this work we choose to neglect these unphysical modes and only show the physical part of the resulting spectrum.
To distinguish between physical and unphysical parts of the spectrum, we use a heuristic criterion, namely, $\lambda_{n+1}^h / \lambda_n^h > 100$.

An ``outlier reduction technique'' based on low-rank modifications, as proposed in \cite{hiemstra2017,reali2016}, conveniently allows to remove unphysical eigenvalues from the spectrum.
Clearly, such a technique does not negatively impact  the approximation properties of the method if the removed modes are actually unphysical and, therefore, do not significantly contribute to the overall response.
In the following, we show with an illustrative example how the high-frequency eigenmodes induced with the $C^0$-coupling contribute to the approximation property of the space and cannot be simply removed. In contrast, with the penalty coupling, the highest modes are indeed unphysical and can be  then safely removed from the space.

\begin{figure}\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.44\textwidth]{figures/simple_ex_ev13}\hspace{1em}
\includegraphics[width=.44\textwidth]{figures/simple_ex_ev21}\\
\caption{Discrete eigenvectors for a penalty value of 100. Left: 13th. Right: 21st.}
\label{fig:ex_simple_eigenvectors}
\end{center}\end{figure}

We consider $p=2$ in one dimension on a uniform grid with 21 degrees of freedom once Dirichlet boundary conditions are imposed. Figure~\ref{fig:ex_simple_eigenvectors} compares two selected eigenvectors obtained in the standard case with a $C^0$ point and in the penalty case. While the last eigenvector looks similar in both cases (Figure~\ref{fig:ex_simple_eigenvectors}, right), some of the first 20 ones for the $C^0$ case are different from those for the penalty, as they are non-smooth (see, e.g., Figure~\ref{fig:ex_simple_eigenvectors}, left).

Let us denote the eigenvectors as $u_{h,i}\in V_h$ for the standard  case with a $C^0$ point and $\widehat u_{h,i} \in V_h$ for the penalty case, with $i=1,\ldots,21$, and note that both  sets span $V_h$.
Removing the largest eigenvalue by a low-rank modification is equivalent to restricting the solution to the subspace of the first $20$ eigenvalues:
\[
V_h' = \operatorname{span}\{u_{h,i}\in V_h,~ i=1,\ldots,20\}, \quad \widehat V_h' = \operatorname{span}\{\widehat u_{h,i}\in  V_h, ~i=1,\ldots,20\}.
\]
In Figure~\ref{fig:ex_simple_approximation}, we study the best-approximation properties of these reduced spaces by computing the $L^2$-projection of two smooth splines $v_h\in V_h$ onto the spaces $V_h'$ and $\widehat V_h'$. We see a significantly better approximation  in the penalized space $\widehat V_h'$, while we clearly see the non-smoothness of the approximation in $V_h'$.
This can also be seen in terms of the relative $L^2$ error of the projection, which is presented in Table~\ref{tab:simple_ex_approximation_errors} for different choices of  penalty. With growing values of the penalty parameter, the target splines are approximated more and more precisely.
\begin{table}\begin{center}\footnotesize
\begin{tabular}{r|c|c|c|c|c|c}
penalty value  & 0 &  0.01 & 1 & 10 & 100 &  10\,000 \\ \hline
\vphantom{$\Big($} Example 1 &  0.0185 &  0.0170 &  0.0019  & $2.0590\cdot 10^{-4}$ & $2.0800\cdot 10^{-5}$ &  $2.0823\cdot 10^{-7}$\\
\vphantom{$\Big($} Example 2 & 0.0118 &   0.0107 &   0.0011  & $1.1822\cdot 10^{-4}$ & $1.1928\cdot 10^{-5}$ &  $1.1940\cdot 10^{-7}$
\end{tabular}
\caption{Relative $L^2$ projection error for the two smooth splines shown in Figure~\ref{fig:ex_simple_approximation} for different values of the penalty.}
\label{tab:simple_ex_approximation_errors}
\end{center}\end{table}
\begin{figure}\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=.49\textwidth]{figures/simple_ex_approximation}
\includegraphics[width=.49\textwidth]{figures/simple_ex_approximation2}
\caption{$L^2$ best-approximation (penalty value 100).}
\label{fig:ex_simple_approximation}
\end{center}\end{figure}

This confirms that the imposition of higher regularity through a penalty approach constitutes  a simple way to recover the approximation properties of a $C^1$ space.
This may have important implications, e.g., in dynamics problems where high modes participate to the response of the analyzed structure.
It also yields  a better CFL condition, which allows  larger stable time integration steps. In particular in the IGA framework, this is relevant also when a consistent mass is used, since lumped mass is known to be limited to second-order accuracy even for higher orders. This is the reason why there is a strong research interest in predictor-multicorrector explicit algorithms (see, e.g.,~\cite{auricchio:12,evans:18}) making use of the consistent mass for the evaluation of the residual vector and techniques to directly assemble an approximate (banded) inverse of the consistent mass~\cite{hiemstra2017,reali2016}.

\subsection{One-dimensional results}
In this subsection, we report on one-dimensional results obtained with  higher-order penalty couplings.
On the unit line, the set of eigenvectors with pure Neumann conditions is given by $u_n(x) = \sqrt 2 \sin(n \pi x)$, with the corresponding eigenvalue $\lambda_n = n^2\pi^2$, $n=0,1,\ldots$, see~\cite{hughes:14}.

As it is well-known~\cite{hughes:08} finite elements fail to approximate the higher part of the spectrum while IGA with maximal regularity allows to obtain good results. However IGA with reduced regularity, e.g., introduced
by a $C^0$-line or by a weak mortar coupling across multiple-patches, also introduces
outliers at the high frequency end of the spectrum.  By penalizing the jumps in the normal derivatives,
the number of these  outliers can be significantly reduced.
Due to the Neumann boundary conditions, we also see outliers for the smooth space. However, the penalty can reduce even these outliers and we end up with better results than with the original smooth spline space, see Figure~\ref{fig:neum_ord_2_and_3_with_zoom}.
The results for degrees 4 and 5 are similar to those shown for degree 2 and 3 and, therefore, are not reported here.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[height=8.85em]{figures/neumann_ew_approx_1D_degree_2_nr_dofs_501}
\includegraphics[height=8.85em]{figures/neumann_ew_approx_1D_zoom_degree_2_nr_dofs_501}
\includegraphics[height=8.85em]{figures/neumann_ew_approx_1D_zoom_degree_3_nr_dofs_501}
\caption{One-dimensional discrete spectrum. Left: Entire normalized discrete spectrum for $p=2$. Middle:  Zoom of the last part of the normalized discrete spectrum for $p=2$  Right: Zoom of the last part of the normalized discrete spectrum for $p=3$.}
\label{fig:neum_ord_2_and_3_with_zoom}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Standard mortar coupling}
Let $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be a bounded domain with $\bar{\Gamma}_{\rm D} \cup \bar{\Gamma}_{\rm N}=\partial \Omega$ and $\Gamma_{\rm D} \cap \Gamma_{\rm N}=\emptyset$.
Let the domain $\Omega$ be decomposed into $K$ non-overlapping subdomains $\Omega_k$, i.e.,
\[
\overline{\Omega} = \bigcup_{k=1}^K \overline{\Omega}_k, \text{ and } \Omega_i \cap \Omega_j = \emptyset \text{ for } i \neq j.
\]
Here, we limit our presentation to the basic isogeometric concepts and notations used throughout the paper and refer to~\cite{hughes:09,bazilevs:06,piegl:97,Schumaker:07} for more details.
Each of the subdomains is a NURBS geometry, i.e., there exists a NURBS parametrization $\mathbf F_k$ mapping from the parametric space $\widehat \Omega = (0,1)^d$ to $\Omega_k$ based on an open knot vector $\mathbf{\Xi}_k$ and a degree $p$.
Let us consider  a PDE of order $2n$ and $p\geq n$.

We set $N^p(\mathbf{\Xi}_k)$ as the multivariate NURBS space (associated to $\Omega_k$) in the parametric domain, with the standard NURBS basis functions $\widehat{N}_{k,\mathbf{i}}^p$.
For a set of control points $\mathbf{C}_{k,\mathbf{i}} \in \mathbb{R}^d$, $\mathbf{i} \in \mathbf{I}$, we define a parametrization of a NURBS surface  as a linear combination of the basis functions and  control points
\begin{equation*}
	\mathbf{F}_k({\boldsymbol \zeta})=\displaystyle \sum_{\mathbf{i} \in \mathbf{I}} \mathbf{C}_{k,\mathbf{i}} \,\widehat{N}_{k, \mathbf{i}}^p({\boldsymbol \zeta }),
\end{equation*}
and assume the regularity stated in~\cite[Assumption 3.1]{beirao:14}.

For $1\leq k_1 { < }  k_2 \leq K $, we define the interface as the interior of the intersection of the boundaries, i.e., $\overline{\gamma}_{k_1k_2} = \partial {\Omega}_{k_1} \cap \partial {\Omega}_{k_2}$, where ${\gamma}_{k_1k_2}$ is open. Let the non-empty interfaces be enumerated by $\gamma_l$, $l = 1,\,\ldots,\, L$.

For each $\Omega_k$, we introduce  $H^n_*(\Omega_k)=\{ v_k \in H^n(\Omega_k),  v_{k |_{\Gamma_{\rm D} \cap \partial \Omega_k}}=0\}$, where we use standard Sobolev spaces, as defined in~\cite{grisvard:11}, endowed with their usual norms.  In order to set a global functional framework on $\Omega$, we consider the broken Sobolev space $V= \prod_{k=1}^K H^n_*(\Omega_k)$, endowed with the broken norm $ \| v \|_{V}^2 = \sum_{k=1}^K \| v \|_{H^n(\Omega_k)}^2$.
For any interface $\gamma_l \subset \partial \Omega_{k}$, we define
{ $H^{-1/2}(\gamma_l)$ to be the dual space of $H^{1/2}_{00}(\gamma_l)$, which is the space of all functions that can be trivially extended (i.e. by zero) on $\partial \Omega_{k} \setminus \gamma_l$  to an element of $H^{1/2}(\partial \Omega_{k})$.}

In the following, we set our non-conforming approximation framework. On each subdomain $\Omega_k$, based on the NURBS parametrization, we introduce the approximation space $V_{k}=\{v_k=\widehat{v}_k \circ \mathbf{F}_k^{-1}, \widehat{v}_k \in N^{p}(\mathbf{\Xi}_k) \}$. On $\Omega$, we define the discrete product space $V_h = \prod_{k=1}^K V_{k} \subset V$, which forms a non-conforming space with respect to $H^n(\Omega)$.

On the skeleton $\Gamma = \bigcup_{l=1}^L\gamma_l$, we define the discrete Lagrange multiplier product space $M_h$ as $M_h = \prod_{l=1}^L M_{l}$. Based on the interface knot vector of one of the adjacent subdomains, $M_{l}$ is the spline space of degree $p$ defined on the interface $\gamma_l$.
An appropriate local degree reduction performed at the crosspoints guarantees the inf-sup stability of the mortar coupling, see~\cite{brivadis:15} for more details, while preserving optimal order error decay rates.

The  coupling bilinear form
\[
 b({ \tau, v} ) = \sum_{l=1}^L \int_{\gamma_l} \tau [v]_l ~\mathrm{d}\sigma, \]
 where $[\cdot]_l$ denotes the jump over $\gamma_l$, defines the weakly coupled space
 \[
 X_h = \{v_h\in V_h: b(\tau, v_h) = 0, \tau \in M_h\}.
 \]
We note that for second order PDEs ($n=1$), this space is weakly-conforming, while it is still a weakly non-conforming space for higher order PDEs ($n\geq 2$) as there are no restrictions to the normal derivatives across the interface.

\subsection{Hybrid mortar formulation}
To improve the global continuity, we penalize the jump in the normal derivatives across the interfaces of a multi-patch geometry and the first normal derivative on a Neumann boundary part. To avoid locking, we take the local $L^2$-projection $\pi_h^0$ onto the piecewise constant functions on the (slave) boundary mesh. Due to the non-conformity of $V_h$, we require $m\geq n-1$ and note that for $n>1$ consistency terms are necessary, which will be introduced later.

The extra penalty term is given as
\[c_h(u_h,v_h) =C_{\rm BC}\, c_{\rm BC}(u_h, v_h) +  \sum_{l=1}^L \sum_{m=1}^{p-1} C_l^m\, c_l^m (u_h,v_h)
+ C_{\rm CP} \,c_{\rm CP} (u_h, v_h)
\] with appropriate penalty constants $C_l^m,  C_{\rm BC}, C_{\rm CP} \geq0$ and  problem-dependent boundary terms $c_{\rm BC}$. In the numerical results, we will not distinguish between the different penalty constants and simply refer to them by $C$.  The smooth interface coupling
\[
c_l^m(u_h,v_h) = \int_{\gamma_l} h_s^{2(m-n)-1} \,  \pi_h^0\left( [ \partial_n^m u_h ]_l \right)\, \pi_h^0 \left( [\partial_n^m v_h]_l \right) \, \rm d \sigma,
\]
and the boundary penalty term (where the penalty boundary part $\Gamma_{\rm BC} \subset \partial \Omega$  denotes the part of the boundary, where $\partial_{\bf n} u = 0$)
\[
c_{\rm BC} (u_h, v_h)  = \int_{\Gamma_{\rm BC} }  h^{2(m-n)-1} \, \pi_h^0\left( \partial_n u \right)\, \pi_h^0\left( \partial_n v\right) \, \rm d \sigma,
\]
are properly weighted with the local mesh-size $h_s$ on the slave side. The index~CP in the bilinear form $c_{\rm CP}$ refers to contributions from the crosspoints. At the end points of each interface and each corner of the penalized boundary, we introduce additional point evaluations. More precisely, for each interface $\gamma_l$, we add  the term \[
\sum_{\bar {\bf x} \in \partial \gamma_l} \sum_{m=1}^{p-1}  h_s^{2m-2n} [\partial_n^m u_h]_l(\bar {\bf x}) [\partial_n^m v_h]_l(\bar {\bf x}),
\]
while an analogous term is added on each corner of the penalty boundary  part~$\Gamma_{\rm BC}$.

As already mentioned, weak $C^1$-continuity can be imposed in terms of an additional Lagrange multiplier approach. However the choice of the discrete Lagrange multiplier space is delicate, since uniform stability has to be guaranteed. Moreover, it   involves a careful handling of the resulting algebraic system. Hence, we herein propose an alternative penalty approach.

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Schematic of the synergistic catalyst showing the three types of active sites: Pt-Co nanoparticles, Co@graphene, and Co-N4-C, on a platinum group metal-free support.
A synergistic, platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) catalyst with high catalytic activity and durability at ultralow Pt loading was created for fuel cell applications; modeling confirmed Pt-Co interactions with the precious metal-free support play a significant role in the performance improvements.
The synergistic catalysts reached mass activities of 1.08-1.77 A mgPt-1 which exceed the 2025 U.S. DOE target of 0.44 A mgPt-1 for fuel cells.
Design, synthesis and testing were performed in Argonne's CSE Division; XAFS/XANES were performed at the APS.
Characterization at the CNM included aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) with EDS and EELS; first-principles DFT modeling was performed on the CNM Carbon computing cluster.
Work was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Materials and Advanced Photon Source.
Di-Jia Liu is Chemist and Principal Investigator in the Catalysis and Energy Conversion group of the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division.


text:
Q: Validator Code changes not reflected in debug run, breakpoints not hit The app builds and runs without error.  When I attempt to submit the form in debug, not only does the app not hit breakpoints in the validator code, it reverts to code in a deleted file that throws an exception due to a null object.  I have cleared all caches, cleaned the solution, rebuilt the solution, restarted VS2017, rebooted the machine, created the solution using a new user, checked the phase of the moon and nothing seems to fix this issue.
I have a simple form validator as follows:
// Annotation in Model:
    [CustomValidator(ErrorMessage = "PIN must not be the same as your phone number.")]

// Validator file
using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace MyWeb.Models
{
    internal class CustomValidator: ValidationAttribute
    {
        protected override ValidationResult IsValid(object value, ValidationContext validationContext)
        {
        var model = (Model)validationContext.ObjectInstance;
        string phone = string.Empty; // break point set here
        string PIN = string.Empty;
        string last4 = string.Empty;
        try
        {
            phone = model.PrimaryPhone;
            PIN = model.PIN;

            return ValidationResult.Success; // defaults to always true for testing
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {

            throw;
        }

    }
}

}
I expect the correct validator code to check the field data and return true regardless of values entered.
//Server Error in '/' Application.
//Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
//Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code.
//
//Exception Details: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
//
//Source Error:
//
//An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below.
//
//Stack Trace:
//
//
//[NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.]
//   TelemojiWeb.Models.CustomPINValidator.IsValid(Object value, ValidationContext validationContext) in C:\src\TelemojiAll\TelemojiWeb\Models\CustomPINValidator.cs:27
//   System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.ValidationAttribute.GetValidationResult(Object value, ValidationContext validationContext) +29
//   System.Web.Mvc.DataAnnotationsModelValidator.Validate(Object container) +138
//   System.Web.Mvc.<Validate>d__1.MoveNext() +237
//   System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.OnModelUpdated(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) +538
//   System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindComplexElementalModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Object model) +68
//   System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindComplexModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) +1197
//   System.Web.Mvc.DefaultModelBinder.BindModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext) +330
//   System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.GetParameterValue(ControllerContext controllerContext, ParameterDescriptor parameterDescriptor) +330
//   System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.GetParameterValues(ControllerContext controllerContext, ActionDescriptor actionDescriptor) +105
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.<>c__DisplayClass21.<BeginInvokeAction>b__19(AsyncCallback asyncCallback, Object asyncState) +743
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResult`1.CallBeginDelegate(AsyncCallback callback, Object callbackState) +14
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.Begin(AsyncCallback callback, Object state, Int32 timeout) +128
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.AsyncControllerActionInvoker.BeginInvokeAction(ControllerContext controllerContext, String actionName, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +343
//   System.Web.Mvc.Controller.<BeginExecuteCore>b__1c(AsyncCallback asyncCallback, Object asyncState, ExecuteCoreState innerState) +25
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncVoid`1.CallBeginDelegate(AsyncCallback callback, Object callbackState) +30
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.Begin(AsyncCallback callback, Object state, Int32 timeout) +128
//   System.Web.Mvc.Controller.BeginExecuteCore(AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +465
//   System.Web.Mvc.Controller.<BeginExecute>b__14(AsyncCallback asyncCallback, Object callbackState, Controller controller) +18
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncVoid`1.CallBeginDelegate(AsyncCallback callback, Object callbackState) +20
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.Begin(AsyncCallback callback, Object state, Int32 timeout) +128
//   System.Web.Mvc.Controller.BeginExecute(RequestContext requestContext, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +374
//   System.Web.Mvc.Controller.System.Web.Mvc.Async.IAsyncController.BeginExecute(RequestContext requestContext, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +16
//   System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.<BeginProcessRequest>b__4(AsyncCallback asyncCallback, Object asyncState, ProcessRequestState innerState) +52
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncVoid`1.CallBeginDelegate(AsyncCallback callback, Object callbackState) +30
//   System.Web.Mvc.Async.WrappedAsyncResultBase`1.Begin(AsyncCallback callback, Object state, Int32 timeout) +128
//   System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContextBase httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +384
//   System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext httpContext, AsyncCallback callback, Object state) +48
//   System.Web.Mvc.MvcHandler.System.Web.IHttpAsyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest(HttpContext context, AsyncCallback cb, Object extraData) +16
//   System.Web.CallHandlerExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() +103
//   System.Web.<>c__DisplayClass285_0.<ExecuteStepImpl>b__0() +26
//   System.Web.StepInvoker.Invoke(Action executionStep) +101
//   System.Web.<>c__DisplayClass4_0.<Invoke>b__0() +22
//   Microsoft.AspNet.TelemetryCorrelation.TelemetryCorrelationHttpModule.OnExecuteRequestStep(HttpContextBase context, Action step) +64
//   System.Web.<>c__DisplayClass284_0.<OnExecuteRequestStep>b__0(Action nextStepAction) +54
//   System.Web.StepInvoker.Invoke(Action executionStep) +85
//   System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStepImpl(IExecutionStep step) +9980101
//   System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously) +159
//
//Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:4.0.30319; ASP.NET Version:4.7.3282.0

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text:
2019-11-22T12:39:23+00:00 2021-01-13T21:19:50+00:00 November 22,2019 - Melina Holl - Other
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text:
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The Turkish-Armenian Reconciliation Commission: A Commentary by the Zoryan Institute
Zoryan Institute Writes to Turkish Prime Minister on Turkish-Armenian Dialogue
Toronto, Canada — Against the background of the 90th anniversary of the 1915 Armenian Genocide, there has been a flood of activity and articles about the Genocide and its impact on Turkish-Armenian relations today. Recently, Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey wrote to Armenian President Robert Kocharyan with the suggestion of the two countries forming a joint commission of historians and other experts to study the "events of 1915," as a prelude to normalizing relations. This suggestion has drawn the attention of such interested parties as Germany and the United States.
President Kocharyan responded that other countries on the European continent, which have disputes are still able to have open borders and diplomatic relations. He argued that it is the responsibility of governments to develop bilateral relations and it is not right to delegate that responsibility to historians. He proposed that the two countries establish normal relations and open border with one another, with no preconditions.
The Zoryan Institute, which supports all earnest efforts to promote Turkish-Armenian dialogue, and was engaged four years ago in a failed attempt at establishing a historians' commission on this subject, has issued a public letter to Prime Minister Erdogan. The letter suggests that instead of waiting for a historians' commission to be created, which is long, arduous and complex process, there are simple confidence-building steps that could be taken now, to bridge the divide between the two civil societies.
Attached is the full text of the letter, signed by Professor Roger W. Smith, Chairman of the Zoryan Institute's Academic Board of Directors.
The Zoryan Institute is the first non-profit, international center devoted to the research and documentation of contemporary issues related to Armenian social, political and cultural life. To this end, the Institute conducts multidisciplinary research, publication, and educational programs dealing with Armenia, the Armenian Genocide, and Diaspora, within a universal context.
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Biostar revealed details about its upcoming motherboards for AMD's Llano APU. These boards will ship in July.
AMD's officially launch the new Llano APU platform in July worldwide, and BIOSTAR is releasing three mainboards that supports this new platform at the same time; the "TA75A+", "TA75M+" and "TA75M". The advantages of the new AMD A75 chipset based motherboard include native support of USB3.0, DX11 graphic core for greater 3D performance, and BIOSTAR exclusive features (BIO-Remote2, Charger Booster, and etc.).
The new AMD A75 chipset series mainboards, "TA75A+", "TA75M+", "TA75M", all using AMD Hudson-D3 A75 single-chip design, "TA75A+" with ATX form factor and the other two are with micro-ATX form factor. With a brand new heat sink design that also gives a better outlook and better thermal efficiency.
Take the "TA75A+" as an example, a large ATX board supporting AMD up-coming FM1 processors, four DDR3 memory slots, dual PCI-E x16 slots, and dual-card crossfire acceleration. It also provides 2 PCI-Ex1 slots, 2 PCI slots, 6 SATA3 disk outputs and 4 native USB3.0 interfaces. As for I/O interface design, it provides DVI/VGA/HDMI video outputs, 2 USB3.0 connectors, 7.1 surround sound, blue-ray audio outputs at the front and rear side. In addition, "TA75A+" also integrates BIO-Remote generation I & II which completes a true home entertainment solution.
APU stands for "Accelerated Processing Units", which adopts the processor and independent display core into one single chip for interdependent computation and combined acceleration. At the same time, with the high-performance processor and the added support for the processing performance of DX11 independent display card, it greatly improves the overall system performance.


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text:
Ormskirk & District Amateur Snooker League - Season = 17 September 2004 - 08 April 2005 Season = 27 September 2005 - 30 March 2006 Season = 26 September 2006 - 29 March 2007 Season = 25 September 2007 - 27 March 2008 Season = 23 September 2008 - 23 April 2009 Season = 08 September 2009 - 08 April 2010 Season = 07 September 2010 - 07 April 2011 Season = 06 September 2011 - 10 April 2012 Season = 04 September 2012 - 23 April 2013 Season = 17 September 2013 - 08 April 2014 Season = 11 September 2014 - 16 April 2015 Season = 15 September 2015 - 14 April 2016 Season = 08 September 2016 - 20 April 2017 Season = 05 September 2017 - 26 April 2018 Season = 06 September 2018 - 18 April 2019 Season = 03 September 2019 - 09 April 2020 Season = 21 September 2021 - 07 April 2022
Administrator - Barry Adlington | baisie147@hotmail.com |
League Tables | Fixtures & Results | Player Rankings | Player Aggregates | Player Stats (All Seasons) | Highest Breaks | Breaks (All Divisions & Cups) | Breaks (All Seasons) | Head to Head | Clubs | Pictures | Roll of Honour | News | Forum | Committee | Documents | Rules | Search | Subscribe
Cups Anon Trophy (Pairs Handicap) | Biro Cup (Individual Championship) | J F Wills Memorial Trophy | Kenney Cup | Le-Rose Bowl Cup | Mac Trophy (Individual Handicap) |
1. Constitution and Name
(a)	The League shall be called �The Ormskirk & District Amateur Snooker League�.
(b) The League will consist of a maximum of 48 teams, the divisions and number of teams will be placed by the executive committee on entries received each season.
2. Conditions of Entry
(a) Tables in each club shall be available for individual matches, town team matches and semi-finals and finals of league competitions as appointed by the Executive Committee.
(b) All games are to be played according to the up to date rules of the �EASB� as supplied by the league and to be displayed in the Clubs.
(c) Clubs may enter more than four teams in the league at the discretion of the Executive Committee. The extra team will only be allowed if there are sufficient vacancies and no fixture difficulties arise from their admittance. Such extra teams must be withdrawn should applications be made by new member clubs.
(d) New member clubs shall pay a deposit as set by the Executive Committee prior to the start of their first season. The said deposit will be repayable/deductible from the annual account if the same is settled prior to the closing date.
(e) All members must abide by the rules of the club they are visiting, particularly regarding dress and behaviour, or a restriction on age is imposed. Any club who wishes to complain or protest must do so, in writing, within ten days of the event, and must be in duplicate. One copy to be forwarded to the league Secretary, and one copy to the representative of the club concerned, both by registered letter or email. Correspondence between clubs to be produced by a representative of each club at a meeting at which the protest or complaint will be considered. Evidence of telephone communications will not be considered. Except for evidence reasons, no member of the committee shall sit at the enquiry should his club be involved.
3. Committee and Management
(a) The Executive Committee of the League to consist of three members, plus the Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer, and Results Secretary, who shall meet when deemed necessary by the Committee at 7.45 p.m. Further members may be co-opted to the Executive Committee.
(b) Each club shall nominate their own representative who will be a member of the General Committee of the League. He will be required to administrate all transactions between his club and the League. The said nominee shall supply the League with a copy of his address and it is conditional that he MUST have a contact telephone number and access to an email address.
(c) The Executive Committee have the power to suspend or expel any member or team for wilful breach of the rules, or for conduct which in their judgement is detrimental or injurious to the League, and their decision shall be final in such matters.
(d) The members of the League to carry out the foregoing rules. Any matter not provided for by the rules, the Executive Committee shall have the power to deal with, and their decision shall be final.
(e) Correspondence to be addressed to the relevant officials, i.e. Results Secretary, Secretary, Treasurer.
(f) The Annual General Meeting shall be held on a date selected by the Executive Committee, and at that meeting each club shall have one vote on any matters requiring a voting system.
(g) Any club who is not represented at the A.G.M. shall be fined the sum of �25.00.
(h) No rule may be amended other than at an A.G.M. of the League Committee.
4. Subscriptions and Finances
Registration �3.00 per player
League Entrance �16.00 per team
Kenney Cup �16.00 per team
Le-rose Cup �16.00 per team
Individual Championship & Handicap �2.00 per player
Pairs Handicap �2.00 per player
JF Wills Handicap �2.00 per player
(a) All clubs will be required to pay a levy of �2.00 for each home league match played. The financial year end of the league shall be on 30th June each year
(b) All monies owing to the league must be paid by the date set by the Treasurer to enable him to compile accounts in time for the A.G.M., otherwise a fine of �10 or 10% of the total bill shall be made, whichever is the higher.At the 2017 AGM it was decided to extend this further due to several clubs not paying even by our year end of 30th June. Non-payment of fees will now incur a �1 per day fine from date due (normally about mid-June). If still outstanding on 30th June (year end) then we will double the initial 10% fine to 20%.
(c) Monies drawn for Charity or Benevolence to be allotted at the Executive Committees discretion.
(d) All League Entrance, Kenney Cup and Le-Rose Cup entry fees must be paid at the A.G.M. held prior to the start of each season. Failure to pay the said fees will result in exclusion for the forthcoming season.
5.Teams and Players
(a) A team to consist of six players. The away captain to pair same except in Cup Matches. At least two players to be present at 8 p.m. to commence the match. The match must not be delayed if any table is vacant for play.(Two tables maximum). The home captain must nominate two players of his team at commencement of play. On completion of those two frames or at 8.30pm whichever is the latter a further two names to be nominated by the home captain and finally, the remaining two names nominated to complete the six selected players. All players must be present by 9 p.m. The home captain shall have preference of tables. If a team is a player or players short captains MUST INFORM THE OPPOSING CAPTAIN BEFORE THE MATCH COMMENCES and mark scorebook as ABSENT from position 6 and consecutively in reverse order thereafter. Ensure that all players registered to play for your club are listed on the club Notice Board. Team captains MUST keep a record of all league and cup matches played home and away in Special results books provided by the league. This is to assist the Result Secretary with any queries that may arise.
(b) Each player to be a bona fide member at the time of his registration. He must sign a registration form stating the name of the club, together with his full name and address. Each player to be registered three days before competing in any match. No player to sign more than one registration form. Closing dates for registrations is 31st December or later at the discretion of the Executive Committee. A player who wins five games in any team is not eligible to play in a different team in the same or lower division. No player may play for more than one team in one fixture week or calendar week. Professionals shall not be allowed to compete in any team or individual competition run by the League other than a sponsored Pro/Am tournament. Any player formerly holding a professional ranking wishing to register in the league may do so by letter of application and a subsequent appearance before the Executive Committee, who shall inform all member clubs of their decision appertaining to this rule.
(c) League matches in Division 1 to be played on Tuesday evening and Division 2 on Thursday evening commencing at 8.00 p.m. prompt. At any one table club, matches shall commence at 7.30pm prompt. Matches may be re-arranged by mutual agreement and not interfere with any other fixtures. Any team failing to fulfil a league fixture without giving a minimum of 48 hours notice to their opponents, will have 6 points deducted from their league points total and a fine of �3.00 per player imposed. Should the match be of a �cup� category, the offending team will be scratched from the competition and a fine of �3.00 per player imposed. Any team offending in this manner on more than one occasion during a current season, will be suspended for the remainder of the season and all points previously gained, or cup placing, will be cancelled. In all cases, the Results Secretary must be informed of any re-arranged matches at least 48 hours prior to the original match date
(d) If at any time during a match either captain is unable to provide a player to commence a frame, then the team failing to do so shall forfeit one point. There is no time limit allowed for the match to continue. For each player short, one point shall be awarded to the opposing side and a fine of �1.00 per player shall be imposed. In the case of a league match, any team playing an ineligible player, whatever the reason, shall forfeit the frame point to the opposing team, and a fine of �5.00 per player will be imposed. A further point will be deducted from the total league points accrued by the offending team. In the case of a cup match, the offending team will be scratched from the competition, and the match awarded to the opposing team. A fine of �5.00 will also be imposed. Should an attempt be made to falsify the result book in any manner whatsoever, both teams shall forfeit 5 points for each breach of the rules
(e) Each captain must verify the names of players and the match result, by adding his signature to both his own and his opponents result record book and both captains to be responible for ensuring their books are fully completed and accurate. The home captain to be responsible to email the result to the Results Secretary arrive NO LATER than 12 noon on the Thursday for the 1st Division and 12 noon on the Saturday for the 2nd Division following the matches. FINES FOR LATE EMAILS - First late email shall receive a �5 fine and a 3 POINT DEDUCTION. All subsequent late emails shall receive a �10 fine and a 5 POINT DEDUCTION. Home captains must be able to provide the Results Secretary with complete details of the match should there be any outstanding results, failure to do so will results in a �10 fine.
(f) If a team does not provide a buffet, the away captain should report back to the committee (email or text to Secretary) and the home team will be fined �10 for a first offence and �20 for each subsequent offence. No buffet needs to be provided for cup matches. Also a reminder that the home player, regardless of result, should offer his opponent a drink. In cup matches, the winning player should offer his opponent a drink.
(g) The Graham Fairclough trophy for the highest ranked player across both divisions will be awarded to the player with the highest win percentage, who has played at least 75% of the league games for his team. This is to allow for the difference in the number of league games per division.
(h) In the event of a �tie� on points for division positions, this will be determined by firstly the number of wins recorded, then drawn matches will determine the division placement. Should teams still be tied play-offs will be organised on neutral tables. Promotion and relegation shall take place between all divisions on a two up two down basis; however the Executive Committee reserves the right to formulate the divisions in the best interest of the league.
(i)ALL team, league & cup fixtures are to be played off handicaps. The handicaps will be updated monthly and published to the website, as well as being distributed to club reps via the WhatsApp group.
(j) The maximum start any player can receive in a single frame is 65, regardless of the actual handicap difference between the two players, in both league, team Cup, and the two handicapped individual competitions.
(k) It is the responsibility of BOTH team captains to ensure that all players start their frames off the correct handicap. No complaints after the fact whatsoever will be entertained by the league Committee. It is IMPERATIVE that both captains have the latest, up to date handicap spreadsheet at their disposal at the commencement of each match.
(l) The handicap Committee have the power to amend any players handicap at any point.
6. Individual, Team, Pairs Competition Contact Rules
(a) In individual, team, or pairs competitions where matches are to be arranged by mutual agreement, both �parties� are requested to make contact with each other within seven days after the publication of the circular letter notifying them of the draw. The home team or player/s must provide at least two alternative dates and shall be expected to reach mutual agreement in the matter. Failure to do this will result in disqualification of both �parties�. Claims will only be accepted by letter or email and no other form. Individual, team, or pairs semi-finalists or finalists must advise the Executive Committee of any dates they are unable to play in these matches. This must be done prior to the meeting where the draws and dates shall be determined, otherwise all dates will be strictly adhered to.
7. Individual Competition Rules
(a) Winner to hold appropriate trophy to the competition entered. (See Rule 8).
(b) Any number of players from any club may enter providing they are registered players of the league. All individual & pairs entrants MUST show a personal telephone number for each player. NO NUMBER-NO ENTRY.
(c) All rounds to be played at the club of the first named player. Semi-finals and Finals to be played on neutral tables with a neutral marker and referee. Match balls supplied by host club to be used at all times including finals
(d) All rounds up to semi-finals to be best frames out of three, except Pairs and Billiards.
(i) Individual Championship
Semi-Finals:Best frames out of five.
Final:Best frames out of seven.
(ii) Individual Handicap/J.F.Wills Trophy
Semi-Finals:Best frames out of three.
Final:Best frames out of five.
(iii) Pairs Handicap
Best aggregate score completed over two frames in all rounds up to and including semi-finals. As a trial for the 2021-22 season, the Executive Committee have decided that the final will be played aggregate over three frames (handicaps to be adjusted to reflect the longer format). Order of play shall be the same in both frames. Players must not discuss with their partners or advise them of the shot they should play once they attend the table.
(e) Players must mutually agree on a date and time of each heat in which they are concerned. Half an hour will be allowed for the commencement of play. The visiting player to have choice of marker/referee.
(f) Any outstanding result not to hand by the appointed closing date of any round,both players shall be scratched unless an explanation deemed to be satisfactory by the Executive Committee is given.
(g) The winner of each round must notify the Results Secretary by text, voicemail, telephone conversation or email. All results must be registered by 12 noon on the Saturday preceding the next draw date.
(h) The Executive Committee shall have the power to run preliminary rounds if necessary.
(i) The Executive Committee to handicap players/teams in all handicap competitions.
8.(a) Presentation Night, Trophies and Cups
(a) The following trophies and cups shall be held for a period not exceeding twelve months by the winners (including runners-up) in the league division competition. All trophies and cups must be kept in a good and clean condition and returned to the league by 1st March.
The Richardson Cup
The Parker Cup
Billiards Supplies Shield
The Lyon Cup
Team Handicap Competitions
The Kenney Cup
The Le-Rose Trophy
Individual Championship
The Biro Cup
Individual Handicap
The Mac Trophy
Pairs Handicap
The Anon Trophy
J F Wills Memorial Trophy
Most League Wins in a Season
Graham Fairclough Memorial Trophy
Any League Century Compiled
The Centurion Club Plaque
Highest Ranked Player in each Division will be awarded a Trophy
(b) League Presentation Night to be held on the last Tuesday in May where the Individual Championship final takes place at league headquarters, Aughton Institute. Hot food provided on the evening. Ticket costs are �6 per person, with each league team billed for two compulsory tickets to help towards the cost of the food provided.
9.Kenney Cup Rules
Format for Group Stages
Please note: Each frame played in any given match then the handicap MUST NOT EXCEED A 65 POINT START WERE APPLICABLE. Players can still be paired up against each other if the handicap is over a difference of 65 but the maximum 65 point start MUST still apply.
1. Matches are played in exactly the same format as league games (i.e. away captain has the choice of pairings throughout the match).
2. All frames should be played down to the black regardless of snookers needed etc. Losing player is allowed to concede at any time but the winning player should receive the remaining points on his score. These points may be used as a tie-breaker in the event of two or more teams finishing level on points at the end of the group stage.
3. Winning team to be awarded 2 points. In the event of a draw, each team receives 1 point.
4. No play-off frames to be played.
5. Photo of scorecard to be sent to Results Secretary by home captain by 12pm Thursday/Saturday depending on match night.
6. Both captains should record the frame scores in their handbooks � these may be required in the event of a dispute over scores.
7. Home player should offer his opponent a drink after the frame.
8. Top two teams in each group to go through to quarter finals.
a. In the event of two or more teams being tied, the positions will be decided as follows:
i. Most individual frames won
ii. Match result(s) between the teams
iii. Frame scores in the matches between the teams
iv. Frame scores over all the matches
v. In the unlikely event that teams are still tied, a best of three match between a nominated player from each team at a neutral venue will be arranged by the committee.
9. Group winners will be drawn at home against runners-up from another group.
Format for Knockout Stages
1. Matches to be played in traditional cup format (i.e. coin toss to decide who puts the first name down, then alternate names to be added)
2. First to four points wins. No need to play down to the black.
3. In the event of a tie, both teams should nominate a player to play a deciding frame.
4. Winning captain to send a photo of the match card to the Results Secretary by 12pm on Thursday/Saturday depending on match night.
5. Both captains should record the scores in their handbooks.
6. Providing a buffet is not mandatory. Winner to buy the loser a drink.
7. Semi-finals and final to be held at neutral venues as usual.
1. Teams to consist of six from a maximum of twelve nominated players. Only nominated players may play. Should clubs fail to nominate teams, they will be fined accordingly and handicapped as the Executive Committee see fit.
2. Any team playing an unregistered player or un-nominated player will lose that match 6-0 regardless of the actual score or whether that player won or lost.
3. All cup fixtures should be played on the dates scheduled by the committee, however if this is not possible, at the very latest they MUST be played before the start of the next round of cup fixtures.
a. Any captain wishing to postpone a game must contact the opposing captain at least 48 hours before the match is scheduled to be played. A new date should be arranged as soon as possible.
b. Only one rearrangement of any cup fixture is allowed (i.e. once it has been rearranged it cannot be cancelled again by either team)
c. The Results Secretary MUST be informed of any changes to cup fixture dates immediately and provided with the newly arranged date as soon as it is agreed between the teams.
4. Captains to ensure that all breaks over 30 by 1st division players and all breaks over 20 by 2nd division players are recorded on the match card.
5. All teams MUST fulfil all fixtures, even if they cannot qualify for the knock-out stages.
6. If a team cannot field 6 players on the night, the captain must inform the opposing captain at the start of the night. Failure to do so will result in a penalty being applied (see below)
a. Any absent players must be recorded as ABSENT on the scorecard before the match commences starting with position six and consecutively in reverse order thereafter.
7. The winners of the Kenney Cup Competition to hold the cup for a period of twelve months. Prizes to be decided by the Executive Committee.
1. Failure to play a fixture within the allowed dates � 2 cup points deduction against the team who cancelled. 2 points awarded to the other team. If the offending team are already incapable of qualifying for the knockout stages (i.e. the 2 point deduction has no effect), then a further penalty of 3 league points deduction will be applied.
2. Failure to submit the result within the allotted time � 1 cup point deduction against the home team.
3. Failure to provide a buffet for group stage games � as per league rules for non-provision of buffet (see Rule 5f)
4. Failure to inform the opposing captain of not having a full team � 1 cup point deduction per missing player.
10. Le-Rose Cup Rules
(a) Teams to consist of six from any registered players from the league website (unlike in league games, teams may not borrow from other teams in their club).
(b) Any team playing an unregistered player or un-nominated player will incur disqualification. Captains to nominate players alternately for each frame. If a team is a player or players short, team captains must inform the opposing captain before any pairing takes place and absent players marked as ABSENT on the scorecard before the match commences starting from position six and consecutively in reverse order thereafter.
(c) Matches will be played on a �knock-out� basis, luck of the draw determining the home side. Semi-finals and Final will be played on neutral tables. Winning captains to be responsible for sending a photo of the Result Card to the Result Secretary which must arrive no later than 12 noon on the Saturday preceding the next draw date for the following rounds. Any late photos of result cards shall incur a fine of �5.
(d) All players to be handicapped by the Executive Committee. One point for each frame won. Most wins on aggregate to decide the match. In the event of a tie over six frames played, one extra frame to be played by a player nominated by each captain, the result of the frame to determine the winning side. In all games played in the competition, including semi-finals and final, the toss of a coin shall determine which captain nominates his player first.
(e) The winners of the Le Rose Cup Competition to hold the cup for a period of twelve months. Prizes to be decided by the Executive Committee.
(f) The winning team captain is responsible for sending the result to the Results Secretary immediately following matches.
11. Matters Not Provided For
Any matter not provided for in the aforesaid rules to be dealt with by the Executive Committee.
12. CLUB DECLARATION:
Team and individual registrations to the League shall be deemed to be of the approval of the member club and all costs and fees shall be considered the responsibility of the member club, and will be charged accordingly by the League. Recovery of such charges from individuals or teams will be determined by club policy. Entry to the League shall be considered as acceptance of all Rules and Conditions outlined in the League Handbook.


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Is that the crunchy fall leaves I hear or is it the sound of crispy dehydrated skin calling out for help? If it's the latter, you might want to continue reading because you need some serious skin S.O.S. I am here to drop some basic K-beauty knowledge that will have your skin rejoicing throughout this fall and winter season.
Your skin has a turnover rate of around a month. This turnover gets longer as you age. To speed up the last remaining days of your skin cycle proper cleansing and exfoliation is key to smooth and radiant skin. Popular cleansing products include cleansing oil, cleansing water, and enzyme washes. Exfoliants can either be physical (scrubbing products) or chemicals (skin acids).
Soak Insider Tip: Don't go in too hard with physical exfoliants-the skin on your face is more fragile than your body. Be gentle and increase the amount you exfoliate per week with a dual sided cotton pad soaked with a chemical exfoliant (AHA, BHA, PHA), rather than sandpaper-ing your face in one go.
After cleansing and exfoliating, it is really important to take care of the new baby skin that you have just exposed! Korean's have got this locked down. They also make it a habit to tone right after the water on their skin has dried off. No dilly-dallying or stopping to smell the soap.
Next, it's time to treat the skin with vitamins, minerals, and hydrating acids. Just like you would take supplements for your health, your skin needs the same type of conditioning. Serums and ampoules are a must to achieve dewy skin. They have concentrated amounts of different ingredients your skin will love.
Soak Insider Tip: Vitamin C and propolis are great antioxidants that work on all skin types. Hyaluronic acid is a super skin-drenching ingredient. Look for these ingredients when shopping for skincare.
If you think you can skip this step because you have oily skin, think again. All of your hard work will be in vain if you don't lock it in with a moisturizer. To achieve the glossy look finish with a hydrating cream. If you have oily skin go for a gel type hydrating cream.
Soak Insider Tip: Make sure that during the day you wear sunscreen to protect your skin from harmful rays.
It would be awesome to get showered with crisp dollar bills, but the next best thing is to mist! Mists are great pick-me-ups throughout the day when your skin and makeup begins to look a little dull. Keep one on hand at all times. That is the ultimate secret weapon to Korean skin. With this, you will never look less than dewy and radiant when you're out and about.
Soak Insider Tip: Make your own mist with rose water and a few drops of your favorite facial oil. Rose water will hydrate and the oil will give you that extra glow to get you through the day.
I can guarantee that if you incorporate these 'dew'-able steps into your skincare routine, you will have the skin you've been dreaming about! Like and comment below which of these steps you want to start incorporating into your skincare routine.


Atlas Productions - Cavern Of Creativity >> Welcome To The Cavern Of Creativity General Section >> Atlas Announcements >> [Announcement] Happy Thanksgiving!
11-28-2013 06:37 PM Happy Thanksgiving!
11-29-2013 01:01 AM RE: Happy Thanksgiving!
11-29-2013 11:18 AM RE: Happy Thanksgiving!
Happy Thanksgiving my American Friends!!!
11-30-2013 03:10 PM RE: Happy Thanksgiving!
Hope all of you had a safe and nice thanksgiving weekend.


The Kresge Store was just south of the Woolworth . If I remember correctly from my Kresge history I learned during my 20 years working for Kmart, there were two Kresge Stores, The Dollar Store and Five & Dime Store. The Five & Dime was the early days version of the discount store. Eventually both were combined into the Jupiter Store. There was at one time a snack bar or cafeteria in the Jupiter Store. Many remember the wooden floors that were somewhat warped and creaked when you walked on them…The huge, oak icebox that was in the basement is now in my basement. I was told if I could get it out of the store when Jupiter closed, I could have it… he icebox actually was bolted together and was easy to disassemble. The refrigeration unit was shot and some of the base had to be rebuilt. When Kresge established the Kmart store chain, one of the names considered before the Kmart name was picked was Jupiter. Some speculate that had Kresge used the Jupiter name, the chain of stores would not have achieved the success enjoyed by Kmart. The Kresge location is now Western Paint & Glass.


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Rembau désigne à la fois une ville et un district dans l'État malaisien de Negeri Sembilan. Avec une population de  le district est très fort influencé par la tradition matrilinéaire appelée l'adat perpatih, une pratique héritée du peuple Minangkabau sur l'île indonésienne de Sumatra, d'où vient à l'origine une grande partie de ses habitants.
La ville de Rembau est située  au sud de la capitale de l'état, Seremban. Le district est administré par un Officier (Pegawai Daerah en malais). Les habitants de Rembau sont composés principalement par des agriculteurs, des commerçants, des fonctionnaires, et des ouvriers. Les jeunes s'engagent de plus en plus dans l'armée ou la police.

Au niveau politique, le district est représenté dans le Parlement malaisien par un député, Khairy Jamaluddin, et dans l'Assemblée Législative de l'État il est représenté par deux députés qui représentent les circonscriptions électorales de Kota et Chembong.

Ville en Malaisie
Negeri Sembilan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia