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Q: When can charge reside on the inner surface of a conductor? My confusion stems from the following exercise:

I've written sloppily: "Why are charges not induced on at least that portion of the inner surface?". As I ask, I don't see how the charge density on the interior of the hollow space is zero everywhere. Typically, at static equilibrium, (unless there's a cavity with a charge inside), a charged conductor's net charge will sit at the outer surface of the conductor. I don't know why, if a conductor has an empty cavity why charge on the conductor will sit on the outer surface rather the inner one. Will charge sit on the conductor's outer surface if it has no net charge? My guess is yes although there will be no net charge from these particles on the surface, but if it is a charged conductor, say with charge $+Q$, then all the positive charges making up this $+Q$ will sit on the outer surface.
With an empty cavity, I don't see how they couldn't theoretically sit on the inner surface, and in the instance below I don't see how this can't happen.
As I've illustrated, the positive charge should polarize the conductor to some degree, with negative charges flowing towards it and positive charges flowing away to it. As such, I'd assume negative charge would collect on the half of the sphere closer to the $+q$ and more negative charge on the inner surface closer to the charge. This seems like what the charges would do given they can move freely within the conductor. Why is this wrong?

A: Your answer to each question is because net electric field inside a conductor is 0 (static equilibrium)

Why are charges not induced on at least that portion of the inner surface?

Suppose if +q is brought near the surface of the conductor (like in your diagram) , as a conductor have infinite free electrons on surface , they (electrons on surface) will rearrange them just to make electric field 0. So -q' charge will be induced on right side and as conductor was initially uncharged +q' on the left hand side.Now if you make the
diagram net field due to external charge +q will get cancelled by induced charges.
Since electric field is 0 there will be no need of charges to get induced inside the cavity.

a charged conductor's net charge will sit at the outer surface of the conductor

This is because if you gave +q charge to a conductor they will automatically adjust themselves so that electric field inside a conductor becomes 0.

When can charge reside on the inner surface of a conductor?

However , if a charge is given/ placed inside the cavity now charges will be induced on each layer of conductor and cavity.

A: Those negative charges on the inner surface would have to be held there by some force, otherwise they will just radially disperse due to mutual repulsion and the end result would be no charge on the inner surface.
Electric field can't hold them there, because in metail in equilibirum, electric field has to be zero everywhere. The electric field due to external charged body is completely screened out by surface charges induced on the outer surface.

A: According to the gauss law if you draw a surface inside the conductor.
We know that electric field inside the conductor is zero. Hence flux crossing through it will also be zero thus net charge enclosed by the surface would be zero making a charge inside the conductor and inner layer of the conductor of equal magnitude
In a nutshell the charge on the inner surface requires a charge to bind it and not escaping to the surface

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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whoanellie
stories about girls who play outside
Girls' own misadventure
Salami, spooning and social media ; it's the little things that get you through Australia's toughest adventure race.
By Emma Francis
"Smile," sings teammate Jan, as she whips out her trusty Lumix. It's about two in the morning, four degrees, and we've been lost in the Paluma rainforest for about 20 hours. I've had four fitful hours' sleep in nearly three days, and I don't know whether to laugh or cry, so I do both. I try to wrestle my face into some semblance of serene, just as I've wrestled the dastardly Wait-a-while palm into submission for the better part of a day, but fail dismally. The end result is not my most photogenic – I look like I've swallowed a lemon and sniffed an adventure racer's sock simultaneously.
Ten days from now, this photo will appear in the Facebook feeds of adventure racing athletes worldwide, thanks to Jan's love affair with the medium. I'll cringe with embarrassment, but quietly be grateful for her unwavering commitment to candidly document each sublime and ridiculous moment.
After all, if four female adventure racers shit in the rainforest, and it isn't on Facebook, did it really happen?
This is one of the many existential questions I find myself pondering one week out from my first crack at Australia's toughest expedition adventure race, the six-to-nine-day-depending-on-how-lost-you-get, XPD. As I frantically scour Wiggle.com for the last-minute essentials I never knew were essential (tip: whatever your budget is for an expedition race, double it), I keep clicking back to Facebook for the running commentary.
Product placement, selfies and hashtags abound. In the long, drawn-out lead up to this race (indeed, the preparation burns more mental calories than the actual event) it seems everyone has a personal brand to push or sponsor to sell, and my team is no different. We've been fortunate enough to secure an eleventh-hour sponsor in Inov8 Australia, and while I'm very grateful for the support and recognition, I'm somewhat ambivalent about tooting my own horn as a 'sponsored' athlete. After all, who the hell am I?
Welcome to adventure racing in the Social Media Age. With few frontiers left to conquer, or limits of human endurance to test, it sometimes feels like the achievement itself is less important than the marketing opportunity. What was once the domain of the exceptional is now fair game for every moderately fit weekend warrior with a Twitter handle, smart-phone and suitable back-story. So now, instead of focusing on the task at hand – 700 kilometres of paddling, trekking and mountain-biking through Queensland's Dry Tropics, all while reading a map – I am warily crafting my own back-story for a magazine profile, and wondering how to tread that fine line between self-promotion and sell-out. Not for the first time, I am also considering closing my Facebook account and being done with the whole uncomfortable dance. After all, didn't I sign up for nine days in the bush to get away from all this nonsense?
Quit Facebook? Now that really would land me in the wilderness.
If you think I'm cynical, you'd be right. But, to be fair, I get it. I get that it's empowering and inspiring for ordinary people to read about other ordinary people doing extraordinary things. Just don't use the words 'inspiring' and 'empowering' within my earshot, and we'll get along fine.
L-R: Deanna, Emma, Clare & Jan.
And if it's empowering and inspiring you're after, then I guess our team, Kiss My Sweet Inov8s, has it in spades. We've got more back-story than you could stuff into Kim Kardashian's knickers. First we have Deanna Blegg, who, as an adventure racing legend turned obstacle racing world champ, needs no introduction. Deanna is, in large part, the reason I've signed up in the first place. XPD has been little more than a faint blip on my race radar since I started this madness not more than five years ago; something I thought I'd get around to one day, perhaps after I'd popped out a couple of kids and my joints, tendons and feet had gained the wisdom of many shorter races under the belt. Indeed, I had pretty much eschewed all adventure races longer than eight hours since my debut at the 48-hour GeoQuest in 2012. While that was a great achievement at the time, I was glad when it was over and wasn't in a hurry for more.
But with Deanna on the team, I'm assured of one thing – we'll finish. She'll have too much racing nous and professionalism to let us quit, whereas I can easily be talked into pulling out when the going gets tough (whether by others, or that little demon on my shoulder). And, perhaps more importantly, because Deanna is unquestionably a superior athlete, I'll happily defer to her – we cynics hide big egos, after all, and won't be told what to do by just anybody.
Next in our line-up is Captain Jan 'Sparrow' Saunders, our chef, public relations co-ordinator, and spiritual guru all in one. At 53 going on 23, Jan is living proof that adventure keeps you young. A recently retired mounted policewoman who has fought her way back from a crippling back injury, Jan, in many ways, is everything I'm not: loud, confident, a bit ballsy, and without any discernible trace of cynicism – she always looks for the best in people and bad situations. Oh, and did I mention she's vegan? Don't worry – as the tired old joke goes, she'll let you know.
Finally, there's Clare Weatherly. Clare is what Jerry Seinfeld described Kramer as in one episode of his eponymous sitcom: a 'pod'. She is utterly unique and seems to operate within her own solar system, either completely oblivious to, or entirely unfazed by, the way human beings are meant to do things. For example, as part of her cross-training for XPD, she was prescribed a weekly swim session at the local pool. A few weeks in, she posted on Facebook a photo of her swollen, bloodshot eyes, asking, completely innocently, whether or not she should, just maybe, acquire some goggles.
Apparently it had never occurred to her.
On one hand, Clare's seeming country-girl naivety and lack of race experience make her a doubtful quantity. On the other hand, they make her the perfect teammate – no expectations, just an unadulterated sense of adventure. Plus, she is no stranger to endurance. After a terrible car accident in 2009, and agonising two-year recovery, Clare discovered ultra running (as you do). Then, last year, with little fuss or fanfare, she took a few months off to cycle and run a lazy 10,000km around Australia, solo.
As for me, well my backstory is a bit more garden-variety, but no less dappled with light and shade. You see, while I don't doubt my fitness or race smarts, I do, at times, question my sanity. If you hadn't already guessed, with all this talk of cynicism, social-media phobia and demons on shoulders, the chink in my armour is depression and anxiety. Indeed, this double whammy is what drove me to adventure sports in the first place. From ages 16 to 30 I was in and out of shrinks' offices and on and off pills, until one fortuitous day I met a bloke who spoke of this wondrous thing called adventure racing, where you kayak, and trek, and ride bikes, and abseil, and go non-stop for days on end. Suddenly, almost urgently, this seemed like something I needed to do – in fact, it seemed like the very thing I was meant to do. Why would that be, when I'd led a mostly sedentary, urban, desk-bound adult life, save for a pretty half-arsed commitment to yoga? Because, as clichéd as it sounds, it resonated with something very elemental within; something that had been nagging for satisfaction for the better part of two decades, but which I'd drowned out with unhealthy career choices, an unhealthy lifestyle and unhealthy relationships.
I wasn't always this way. I grew up in country Victoria, and on the eve of my first day of high school, I visited one of my local haunts – a modest little creek rich with biodiversity if you cared to look for it. As a pre-teen, I loved nothing more than hanging out here and playing (at the risk of sounding politically incorrect) 'Aborigines' with my friends. 'Aborigines' was a pretty simple game, which involved little more than taking one's shoes off (and t-shirts, too, if you were game, what with budding breasts and all) and travelling from one bit of bush to another, usually through blackberries, while pretending to spear things, find bush-tucker, and track kangaroos. Now, at 12 years old, on the eve of puberty, I knelt down at this creek and whispered a little prayer. "Promise you'll never stop coming here. Promise you'll never forget about this." Even as I said it, I knew it was hopeless, and tears welled in my eyes. Somehow, I already knew I would stop coming here, I would forget about this, as the imperatives of adolescence, then adulthood, forced me to 'grow up'. It wasn't long before a 15-year funk set in.
The happy ending is that, through adventure racing, I found my way back to that little creek, metaphorically speaking, and rediscovered my life's passion: playing outside. And that's how I find myself now, at age 36, playing 'Aborigines' in the almost impenetrable (I can, after all, vouch for its penetrability) rainforest of the Paluma Range, 60 kilometres north of Townsville. Day four, leg three of XPD 2015.
The only problem with playing 'Aborigines' at age 36, in an expedition adventure race, is that you don't get to run home for Milo and cheese toasties when the game isn't fun anymore. And for the last, oh, 20 hours, it hasn't exactly been fun. But it has been bloody funny.
They say all expedition adventure races have a crux – a definitive leg that decides the fortunes of a team. For Kiss My Sweet Inov8s, that crux is proving to be this second trek – a quad-busting amble from sea level to around 900 metres elevation at the roof of the Paluma Range. From here, we're to complete a rogaine, before making our way to the TA in Paluma Village. Fastest estimated time is 11 hours; longest estimated time (which we are working to) is 20 hours. What could go wrong?
Plenty, as it turns out. In fact, what ensues is a comedy of errors so perfect we will gain instant admission into the XPD Interesting Route Choices Hall of Fame.
We like to call it The Bungle in the Jungle.
Like all tales of woe and misadventure, this one begins with high spirits and the promise of a new day. After snatching four hours' restorative, albeit cold, sleep in the previous kayak-to-trek TA, we set off before dawn so as to hit the foot of the range – and the now infamous Foxlee's Track, which is meant to deliver us to the top – just after sunrise. After an impromptu breakfast of red capsicums slightly on the turn, courtesy of a somewhat bemused farm-hand who's throwing them to the chooks (so desperate are we for fresh vegies), we get ready to hit some vert. That's when we make our first rookie error.
A pearl of wisdom often drummed into novice navigators is to never trust man-made features on topographical maps. Tracks, fences and buildings come and go, they say; the compass never lies. But it's not as simple as that. Sometimes a track is a no brainer, even if it's initially hard to find. And an elusive track is worth gambling your first-born child on if the only alternative is bushwhacking through virgin North Queensland rainforest, dodging stinging trees, wasp nests, snakes, creeks and thickets of Wait-a-while palm.
Our mistake (or one of them) is to cling onto that pearl of wisdom so tightly, we don't know when to let it go.
Hence, after walking around in circles trying to find Foxlee's for half an hour, we casually relegate it to the stuff of fairytales and surmise that race director, Craig Bycroft, is just pulling off an elaborate hoax for his own jollies.
Bugger Foxlees, we think. We'll just follow a bearing up the spur the track should be on, and if it exists, we'll find it… eventually.
What a pity, then, that we follow a bearing upthe wrong spur.
Still, what we lack in map reading skills, we make up for in dogged determination. Like gambling addicts at a poker table, we keep playing our lousy hand, ever hopeful that a track – any track – will materialise at any moment. But all we get is thick bush, indifferent to our plight, which only gains malevolence with altitude. And before long, we find ourselves corralled by one of Mother Nature's sick jokes (along with mosquitoes and Melbourne weather): the aptly named Wait-a-while palm.
If you've never encountered Wait-a-while, let me describe it for you, as I know it intimately. A more hostile example of flora you will never meet – it is the ISIS of the plant kingdom. Ostensibly beautiful, like something you might buy at Bunnings to brighten up a dull corner by the Jacuzzi, up close it quickly reveals its sinister agenda. Not only is its trunk covered in the most ghastly spines – the kind that dislodge in an unsuspectinghand innocently seeking something firm to hold onto (yes, I'm talking about you there, by the creek at one in the morning, you arsehole) – but it also sprouts forth multiple flagella covered in the most vicious, razor-sharp barbs that, at best, tear lovely Inov8 jackets, at worst, tear earlobes in two. And here's something they don't tell you in the textbooks: those flagella move; they are like heat-seeking missiles that hone in on bare flesh.
"No! You wait a while!"
Little wonder it takes us 12 hours to cover five kilometres. Not that we realise how slowly we're moving. We have already entered the adventure-racing equivalent of the Twilight Zone: a kind of parallel universe where time and distance become irrelevant, or at least relative to the task at hand. Questions like, "How far?", "How long?", "How much?" and "When?" give way to "Left or right?", "Over or under?", "Around or through?" It is decision-making at an invertebrate level.
Measurements give way to moments and, without even trying, you achieve the holy grail of enlightenment: living in the now. It's the great gift of adventure racing.
The other great gift of adventure racing is being able to simultaneously plumb the depths of despair and scale the heights of joy. As the sun starts to retreat to the west, and we finally reach the summit of what we later confirm is Mt Leach – a heartbreaking 500 metres south of where we want to be – we can't help but feel a little chuffed at our accomplishment, no matter how absurd. We have just done what, quite possibly, no human has ever done before, or will ever do again (if they know what's good for them): scaled the Paluma Range completely off-piste and sans sharp implement.
We are pioneers!
We imagine the consternation of the punters at home following our 'dot' (our online GPS tracker that shows our position on the course) and have a wry chuckle. Someone then conjures up the disturbing image of race-director, Craig, crouched over his computer, engaged in an act of autoerotic schadenfreude, and we collapse in hysterics – once again proving that our capacity for ribald humour is unflagging.
But we are, for all intents and purposes, lost, and for the first time in the race the seeds of doubt – and, I'll admit it, panic – creep in. It is such an unfamiliar feeling being lost in an age where it is almost impossible to be lost. Even when you know you are not truly lost. It feels oppressive – a sense of impending doom – and as night falls, the rainforest becomes stifling, if it weren't already. For a while, we circle around the peak, searching the map for clues, offering up theories. I come close – so close it doesn't bear thinking about now – but my suggestion to head north seems too risky when we're not entirely sure where we are to start with, and we're low on water. So instead we plump for west, where we are sure to hit a track one way or another.
What ensues is another eight hours of bushwhacking, this time in the dark, and with the added challenge of sketchy creek crossings. Then the sleep monsters descend and we are moving like drunken zombies, stumbling dangerously across moss-covered logs and, in my case, laughing so irrationally I can't see for the tears. We need to sleep, but it's four degrees (the coldest night on record for Paluma, we are later told) and our bivvy bags don't quite cut it.
There's only one thing for it – spooning. Cue the filthy minds.
After a cold and restless night getting up-close-and-personal with each other (even Clare, the anti-spooner, succumbed in the end, declaring, at 4am, "Let me in, or I'm going to die!") we wake to the most raucous, enchanting birdsong heralding the new day – a fresh start. Surely this bodes well? After some alfresco ablutions, and thinking more clearly after some rest, it occurs to me to check our 'Yellow Brick' spot tracker-cum-communications device, in case Craig has taken pity on our wretched souls and provided a clue to our whereabouts. After all, we have now exceeded 24 hours on this leg, and someone must be getting worried, besides Mum.
Sure enough, we've got mail:
Awesome effort girls, but you need to go 500m to your north. When you reach the high point, head a further 200 metres north to find the track.
Bugger. It was north all along. Hang on, though. When was that message sent? What if it was sent last night? There's no time on it, so how do we know the directions apply to our current location? Well, we'll just have to go with it – it's not like we have any better ideas, right? Except, as we later find out, the directions were sent the previous night, when we were circling around trying to figure out what to do. And our current campsite is, in fact, just 100 metres from the very track we hoped to hit by heading west. And, to add insult to injury, on the other side of that track is a hut, with actual beds, actual food, and an actual fireplace! And to think I had Deanna's toe jammed up my nose half the night.
If you don't laugh… well, you know.
The good news is that, despite the bungled directions, we do eventually hit a track to the north – what's a couple more hours' Wait-a-while wrangling amongst friends? The bad news is that we are now so far behind the rest of the field, we will have to be fast-tracked through the course, missing the rogaine and the next epic trek through Running River gorge.
(And just to shore up our status as the biggest losers on course, we also have to abandon the Paluma to Hidden Valley mountain-bike leg after Jan suffers a major mechanical just 200 metres in. You can't make this stuff up.)
And we are now, like our only rival girls' team, the indefatigable L-Platers, unranked.
Biggest Losers?
It's a bittersweet realisation. Our goals for XPD weren't lofty, but we did expect to finish in the competition. Plus we have been carrying around the unspoken weight of expectation that comes with being a rarity – or, some might say, oddity – in the field: an all-female team.
"Please don't be one of those all-girl teams that screws up the nav and doesn't finish," said a sceptical well wisher prior to the race.
We laughed it off at the time, but now it has almost come to home to roost, we're forced to digest it. Have we done our gender a disservice, or is this just a typical case of women having to overcompensate for their perceived weaknesses? After all, plenty of blokes' teams screw up the nav – and worse – and no one attributes it to their gender. And supposing we were an all-blokes' team, would we have come this far – still laughing, still positive, still a cohesive unit – after kicking such a devastating own goal?
Or, as my partner, elite adventure racer, Jarad Kohlar, maintains, should we all just race in the mixed-gender category and get over it? Adventure racing is one of the only sports I can think of where men and women race together at an elite level, as equals, blending their particular strengths to create the kind of magic that sees mixed teams take line honours in pretty much every major race on the AR circuit.
Shouldn't we embrace this?
In hindsight, it was inexperience, not gender, which led to our downfall. As Jarad had warned me ad nauseum, "Don't take it for granted that you'll finish ranked." I scoffed at the time. But then Jarad's team, Peak Adventure, which was leading by a country mile for most of the race, pulled out at the final checkpoint due to injury – the dreaded DNF. Proving the only thing you can take for granted is that a lot can go wrong in an adventure race.
It's how you bounce back that counts.
So bounce back we do. The only thing for it is to swallow the disappointment and reprogram our mindset from racers to adventurers; living up to the event tag line, 'As much an expedition as a race'.
"Look at it as an epic nine-day adventure holiday, with a team of people moving our gear around and making sure we're okay," says Jan. Suddenly the $2000 per person entry fee seems pretty cheap.
With the pressure of performing lifted, we happily settle into the rhythm of tourists – hardcore tourists, but tourists nonetheless. Our goal is to suck every last experience out of this thing and savour every morsel; every sunrise and sunset; every bend in a river and crest in an outback road; every Jabiru, Brolga and Brahman; every toasty campfire, and delicious dehydrated vegan meal courtesy of Jan. While the teams around us suffer through the cold nights, chasing down teams in front, or staving off teams behind, we take our sweet time, prolonging the experience as much as course cut-offs allow. That's not to say we aren't working hard – we are still talking 20-hour paddle, bike and trek legs through remote outback Queensland. But it doesn't feel like work.
It feels like… romance.
As we move through the course, something I never expected happens. I feel my body getting stronger and younger with each step. My skin and hair feel soft and smooth; my legs feel powerful, taut and supple; even my technicolour mix of cuts, bruises and abrasions is healing before my eyes. All the chronic niggles that plague me in my daily life – sensitive skin, bad neck, tight hip, random bouts of debilitating fatigue – vanish. All this, and I've been living on a diet of chocolate, salami and baby food, and sleeping fewer than six hours a night!
This wasn't in the script. I was meant to finish XPD feeling accomplished, but utterly destroyed, with weird skin rashes, blisters, tendonitis and dreadlocks – much like I had GeoQuest. Instead I feel utterly…well…well.
And it feels a bit like being in love.
There must be something about perpetual motion, about connecting brain with body so intimately – so primordially – that is almost sensual. I am reminded of a quote by Ann Trason, the American ultrarunning legend, in Christopher McDougall's, Born to Run:
"You have to be in tune with your body, and know when you can push it and when to back off. You have to listen closely to the sound of your own breathing; be aware of how much sweat is beading on your back; make sure to treat yourself to cool water and a salty snack and ask yourself, honestly and often, exactly how you feel. What could be more sensual than paying exquisite attention to your own body?'
All I can say is it's a good thing I'm a happily shacked-up woman, because with all this primal sensuality vibrating through my bones, and all these paramedics, firemen and soldiers circling (tip for single ladies: if you want to know where all the good men are, they're in an adventure race), I could get very primal indeed.
So could adventure racing be the elixir of youth? The antidote to existential angst? Judging by some of the weathered faces at the pointy end of the field, not necessarily. But playing outside? Adventure? Connecting your brain to your body on a regular basis, while disconnecting from the relentless busyness of modern life?
Maybe that's why an unspoken melancholy descends on the team as we roll into the outer suburbs of Townsville on the final mountain-bike leg home. The traffic, billboards, and gridlines of urban planning foretell of what's awaiting us when we reluctantly cross back into the 'real world': work, stress, responsibility, emails… Facebook.
So how will we hold on to this experience when it's all done and dusted? How will we make sure we keep returning to that little creek that runs through all of us?
Sign up to XPD 2017, of course.
Blog, Features, Race ReportsEmma Francis0 comments
How to: Survive your first ocean paddling race

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Kat Anderson
Kat Anderson (UK) is an artist and filmmaker. She studied Fine Art at the University of West England and Museum Studies at the University of Leicester. She is currently working under an artistic and research framework entitled 'Episodes of Horror', which uses the genre of horror to discuss representations of mental illness and trauma as experienced by or projected upon Black bodies in media. Anderson has co-curated 'Jamaican Pulse: Art and Politics from Jamaica and the Diaspora' at the Royal West of England Academy. She has previously been commissioned by the KW Institute for Contemporary Art (Berlin) and has been an artist-in-residence at METAL Liverpool, as part of its Liverpool Biennial programme to look at the historic and contemporary mental health of Black people living in the city. Her first solo exhibition 'Restraint Restrained' opened in 2019 at Block 336.
Bad Man Nuh Flee (2020), Roundtable Conversation (2019), John (2019), Gestures (2018)
Kat Anderson: Restraint Restrained
Artist and filmmaker Kat Anderson presents the world festival premiere of 'Restraint Restrained'. The programme features two films from Anderson's first solo exhibition. The works draw on the experiences and narratives of the many mentally ill Black people who have met their deaths in police custody or mental health facilities, through excessive restraint holds and other violent and negligent behaviours. 'Restraint Restrained' references the central premise of Frantz Fanon's essay 'Concerning Violence', in which he claims that in order for the decolonisation of indigenous land to happen, a total and violent purging of the colonisers by the indigenous people must occur. Anderson repurposes this idea to consider how the contemporary Black mind and body, as a 'colonised space', is processed through public health and police institutions; understanding such authorities as embodiments and enforcers of structural white supremacy.
'Restraint Restrained' was commissioned by Block336 and Black Cultural Archives and supported by Arts Council England, Elephant Trust, LUX and Spike Island.


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Q: How do I send an HTTP Response that's an array-wrapped JSON? ([][]byte) If I use the standard library to make this response, the type Writer Interface only takes a slice of bytes as an argument, but an array wrapped JSON is [][]byte
I know there must be something I'm missing here...
And as a note, I tried using the Echo Framework for this and it does successfully send but it's auto encoding the contents into base64 which is not what I want for my API right now.
json, err := json.Marshal(j)
check(err)

arrJSON := [][]byte {
    json,
}
fmt.Printf("arrJSON: %s", arrJSON) // this prints correctly

return c.JSONPretty(http.StatusOK, arrJSON, "") //this returns a base64 encoded array wrapped JSON (it works but I wan't decoded)


Page 377 - Fayeflam | Wonderful Home Design Ideas Square Bathroom Sinks. Blue Bathroom Tiles. Green Leather Sofa.
best home design ideas, like Square Bathroom Sinks. Blue Bathroom Tiles. Green Leather Sofa. Wine Storage Racks. Small Buffet Table. Media Console Modern.


Should we allow swearing in #massassi? To what degree?
We should not allow any swearing.
Full on sailor speak please!
Until I can find a bot. I just can't be on mirc all the time so theres no point in even updating the stats with crappy log files. Sorry.
We are now running on a new server and therefore email works.
This is a warning to those of you signing up for new accounts: the email server seems to be broken. I do not know when it will be fixed. If you feel it's realy urgent that your account be activated, send me a PM in the chat (nickname: brad) and I will help you when I can (6-11pm EST).
The Bradvision theme previously had a bug which prevented the user from logging in while using the theme. The bug has been fixed.
Now members can be ordered by lameness factor as well as age, registration date, and gender. You'll have to find the way to sort by gender on your own as there is no link.
I am another one of the new Chat page Admins. I chalk up another category for all to fear me in. Until then, use the forks!!!
A new administrator has been added. ME! You will all give up your free will and will obey my command like the mindless minions you are.
Testing bNews on a site with outputted news..
The profiles page can now order profiles by how lame they are, which is a calculation of how empty the profile is.
The updates page is finished. Pretty much everything is finished.
Page generated in 0.00743 seconds.


There's a new type of coverall on the market, this one is designed specifically for women. Alicia Woods, from Sudbury ON, developed the Covergall to fix issues women have with the traditional coveralls. It features a back panel with side zippers and Velcro to make trips to the bathroom more convenient, secured pockets, and wrist snaps. The coveralls are made by a Canadian company, and are made with heavy duty material to withstand frequent washing and tough work environments.


Born in Moscow. She completed her studies with distinction at the Moscow College of Choreography (today the Moscow State Academy of Choreography), where she trained in Sophia Golovkina's graduates' class.
From 1984-88, she was a soloist with the Moscow Classical Ballet Company (today the State Academic Theatre of Classical Ballet led by Natalia Kasatkina and Vladimir Vasiliyov) where she danced, among other parts, the title role in Nathalie, ou La Laitiere Suisse, music by Adalbert Gyrowetz, in a production by Pierre Lacotte after Filippo Taglioni, the part of She-devil in Andrei Petrov's The Creation of the World produced by Natalya Kasatkina and Vladimir Vasilyov. She also danced in Theme and Variations to music by Pyotr Tchaikovsky, thus becoming one of the few ballerinas at that time to have danced in a George Balanchine ballet whose works were then virtually not performed in Russia. She created the lead role in Bachiana to music by Heitor Villa-Lobos, produced for her and Vladimir Malakhov by Alberto Alonso.
From 1988-90, she danced for the Moscow Academic Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Ballet Company where she performed the following, among other, roles: Odette-Odile in Swan Lake, Kupava in The Snow Maiden to music by Pyotr Tchaikovsky (both works by Vladimir Bourmeister), Medora in Le Corsaire in a production by Dmitri Bryantsev.
In 1990, she joined the Bolshoi Ballet Company.
She rehearsed under the guidance of Marina Semyonova, with whom she prepared the majority of the roles in her repertoire, and also with Marina Kondrateva, Raisa Struchkova and Yekaterina Maximova.
In 1992, she completed her studies at the Russian Academy of Theatre Art (teacher Marina Semyonova), qualifying as teacher-choreographer.
In 1984, she won lst prize at the All-Union Competition of Ballet Dancers and special prize of the Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet.
In 1985, she won 2nd prize, and in 1989 — lst prize at the Moscow International Ballet Dancers Competition.
In 1994, she was awarded the title of Merited Artist of the Russian Federation.
In 1995, for her interpretation of Kitri she won the Benois de la danse International Dance Association prize and the Italian journal Danza-Danza prize.
In 1996, she was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Russian Federation.
In 2001, she was awarded the Order of Honor.
In 2004, she won the Russian Ballet journal Soul of Dance prize (in the Queen of Dance nomination).


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In Pursuit with John Walsh: Alexis Willcocks Captured
November 2, 2022 Sammi Turano True Crime 0
CAPTURED! Fugitive Alexis Willcocks now in custody. The alleged murderer was featured on an episode of In Pursuit with John Walsh earlier this season, in a segment called 15 Seconds of Shame.
Alexis allegedly killed a 17-year-old Anika Henderson on Nov. 8, 2021. According to a witness (also a passenger in the car), the shooting happened following a custody battle with Alexis and said passenger.
Alexis is being held in St. Joseph County Jail.
See also Murder Under the Friday Night Lights Recap for When Danger is No Stranger
15 seconds of shame
Alexis Willcocks
in pursuit with John Walsh
team in pursuit
In Pursuit With John Walsh Recap for 11/2/2022: Blindsided
The Real Housewives of Salt Lake City Snark and Highlights for 11/2/2022


The Anne Edgeworth Writers' Fellowship is provided to an emerging young writer in the Canberra Region. The Fellowship is worth up to $5,000 and is to be used to advance the recipients' education in the craft of writing. The Fellowship is provided annually by the Anne Edgeworth Trust and is administered by the ACT Writers Centre.
Anne Edgeworth (also known as Anne Godfrey-Smith) was a prominent poet, writer, theatre director, academic, conservationist and activist for reconciliation. She died in June 2011. Anne mentored many young writers as a tutor, author and poet and her family has established an annual award for young writers in her memory. More information about Anne can be found at Obituaries Online.
The Fellowship will be made for work in the field of poetry, fiction writing, non-fiction writing, screenwriting and/or playwriting.
Applications close at 4pm, Friday October 26 2018.
Entrants must live in the ACT or one of the nearby NSW Local Government Areas (Young, Harden, Gundagai, Tumut, Boorowa, Yass Valley, Upper Lachlan, Goulburn, Mulwaree, Wingecarribee, Palerang, Greater Queanbeyan, Shoalhaven, Eurobodalla, Bega Valley, Bombala, Cooma Monaro, and Snowy River).
Entrants must be under the age of 35 at 30 November 2018.
Entrants must permanently reside in Australia.
The Fellowship can be used for any purpose that furthers the recipients' education in their chosen field of literature and must be associated with a tertiary institution or other educational institution concerned with creative writing such as the ACT Writers Centre. For example: tuition fees, travel, accommodation, printing and publishing, editing, writers' retreat etc ('the project'). The funds cannot be used to purchase capital equipment (eg computers) or subsidise an existing commercial or non-profit activity.
The project must be completed within a twelve month period.
During the course of the project the recipient is to provide some insight into the project to the general writing community either through a lecture, seminar, workshop, written report, article, video or similar ('community outreach') or combination of the above.
The application form can be downloaded below, and must be uploaded via this Submittable form.
The 2017 Anne Edgeworth Fellows are Jemimah Cooper and Jacqueline de Rose-Ahern.


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Chet Baker - It Could Happen To You
Home / Chet Baker - It Could Happen To You
Delivery time: 1-2 weeks if available from supplier
Chet Baker's "It Could Happen To You" follows a formula similar to two other Baker albums, "Chet Baker Sings" (1954) and "Chet Baker Sings and Plays with Bud Shank, Russ Freeman & Strings" (recorded in 1955, released in 1964) in which he updates existing standards in a hipper, jazzier fashion. Unlike the aforementioned records, on "It Could Happen to You", on a few tracks, Baker plays no trumpet whatsoever, opting to scat in place of an instrumental solo.
Authentic vinyl reissue by Riverside Records in 2014.
Chet Baker's penultimate session for Riverside, which was strictly instrumental produced an all-star lineup to support him. This included jazz heavyweights Pepper Adams, Bill Evans, and Kenny Burrell. Each of them makes important contributions to the sess
Chet Baker - Chet
There are several Chet Baker albums with the title 'Chet Baker Sings', but this one recorded for Pacific Jazz in 1954 and 1956 is the original, and arguably, the best. The album features Chet's indelible vocals and sterling trumpet playing with two differ
Chet Baker - Sings (Blue Note Tone Poet)
West Coast jazz giant Chet Baker comes to the Big Apple for this unlikely pairing with a hot East Coast group. The results: brilliant, as Johnny Griffin, Philly Joe Jones and the band join Chet for "Fair Weather"; "Solar"; "Blue Thoughts"; "Hotel 49" and
Chet Baker - In New York
There aren't enough positive adjectives to describe the pure jazz genius of this album. Miles Davis' "Kind of Blue" ranks among the best jazz albums of all-time, and for good reason.
Miles Davis - Kind Of Blue
Along with 'Kind of Blue', 'In a Silent Way', and 'Round About Midnight', 'Sketches of Spain' is one of Miles Davis' most enduring and innovative achievements. Recorded between November 1959 and March 1960, Davis teamed with Canadian arranger Gil Evans fo
Miles Davis - Sketches of Spain
Miles Davis' 1957 album 'Birth of the Cool' remains one of the defining, pivotal moments in jazz. This is where the elasticity of bop was married with skillful, big-band arrangements and a relaxed, subdued mood that made it all seem easy, even at its most
Miles Davis - Birth Of The Cool
Chet Is back! is a 1962 studio album by jazz musician Chet Baker. Chet Is Back! was recorded in Rome, Italy in 1962 at RCA's Studios. The album features an original composition, "Ballata in forma di blues" ("A Ballad in Blues Style"), by Amedeo Tommasi. B
Chet Baker - Chet Is Back! (Speaker's Corner)


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Motorcyclist injured in accident on Highway 150
A 27-year old motorcyclist was transported to Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center in Winston-Salem Saturday morning after he ran off the road on N.C. Highway 150 in Midway to avoid striking a vehicle.
According to Trooper B.C. Deel with the North Carolina State Highway Patrol, at 11:20 a.m., a woman driving a 2018 Ford Fusion was leaving the Sheetz convenience store near Hickory Tree Road turning North onto N.C. Highway 150.
Deel said the woman changed into the left lane into the path of an oncoming 2012 Victory motorcycle. The motorcyclist veered towards the median of the road to avoid striking the Ford Fusion, when he lost control and rolled the vehicle over. He was transported by ambulance with non-life-threatening injuries.
The driver of the vehicle was not injured in the accident, but was charged with failure to yield. The name of the victim and the driver of the car were not available.


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The Tastemakers
Start-up of You
Good Idea What Next
How To vs What If
Habits Of Successful Entrepreneurs
Innovation Ecosystem
Focus on Phillip
The 100 Year Life
Festival of Ambitious Ideas
QuintessenceLabs – protecting data with science
Information can be considered the lifeblood of many organizations by virtue of the competitive and strategic advantage it can provide. It is clearly an asset worth protecting. According to Dr. Vikram Sharma, CEO of Quintessence Labs, encryption provides one of the strongest mechanisms to protect this valuable asset. The key to data security is to understand what data you have and what value it brings to the entity, and protecting it appropriately.
Based on quantum physics, the two key elements of QuintessenceLabs' offerings are true random number generation, which is an essential element of successful encryption, and the use of quantum effects to securely transport encryption keys from one location to another. These capabilities are integrated within a software suite to provide very strong data protection. And while the technology sounds complicated, it has been carefully developed to be simple to use and flexible enough to work in any corporate environment.
While the nature of cyber-security and data threats changes, the nature of quantum physics doesn't, and this provides a unique opportunity for QuintessenceLabs to adapt to the changing market needs. The key to this says Vikram, is agility.
In the simplest of terms, quantum physics predicts very strange things about how matter works, that are at odds with how things work at the human scale. Quantum phenomena can behave like particles, located in a discrete space, or they can act like waves distributed all over space or in several places at once.
QuintessenceLabs use these unique properties to provide its unique solutions.
The company is fast becoming recognized as a world leader in the protection of data and through many awards. Recently QuintessenceLabs was selected to join the 2020 Global Innovator Community by the World Economic Forum, the first Australian company to be so recognized. This year, QuintessenceLabs also won the 2020 Global Cybertech100 Award as one of the most innovative companies in the financial sector.
QuintessenceLabs is a proud Canberra company and continues to maintain its headquarters in the ACT.
Serendipitous beginnings
Vikram says the way QuintessenceLabs started was unusual. After running information technology businesses in Canberra for many years, Vikram had the opportunity in 2005 to go to graduate school in the US.
"An amazing program typically designed for those Fortune 500 people who had been identified for key C suite roles and could benefit from a one year very intense, immersive environment, to learn the latest tools and come out as better managers.
The 48 people in our cohort represented 22 countries and 42 fortune 500 companies including folks from British Petroleum, Motorola, NASA, Lockheed Martin, and a range of the biggest brand names we know. They also had six people who were entrepreneurs and I guess I was one of those added to the mix to provide a different perspective," says Vikram.
Vikram says that it was somewhat intimidating when he first saw the profiles of the attendees. "One person was from an automotive company and in charge of an annual budget of around $2 billion. And here I was running a small business based in Canberra turning over a few million."
"The year was transformational", says Vikram.
"It opened my eyes to a range of business issues and opportunities."
The course work provided a lot of insight, but Vikram said that this didn't really compare with what he gained from the others in the program. "They had years of experience between them and their diverse backgrounds provided so much experience and knowledge."
At the end of that program, Vikram decided to take six months out and immerse himself in Silicon Valley to decide what to do next.
Vikram has lived in Canberra for 40 years, and this is home. His father was in the High Commission to Australia in the early 80s and when he moved to his next post, Vikram decided to stay on to complete his studies. He started an undergraduate degree in physics but later transferred into computer science - this is where serendipity comes to play.
During his time in Silicon Valley, Vikram decided to sit in on some physics classes.
"Physics must be embedded in my psyche. The classes were taught by this guy who was amazing – a Nobel laureate who went on to become the US Energy Secretary. He was well known for example for proposing physics-based solutions to containing major oil spills.
While the physics was interesting, what really piqued my interest was to learn how we were on the cusp of creating quantum systems that don't exist in nature, almost like building super materials. We were about to be able to manufacture these non-existent materials which meant that a host of new capabilities were about to open up", says Vikram.
Quantum computers had been, at least conceptually, in development since the early 80's and many big players including IBM, Google and Microsoft have accelerated the development of this capability in recent years.
Vikram says "imagine if you could detect cancer at a single cell level through advanced imaging and then send in a nanobot to zap that cell. Maybe we would have a permanent cure. These were some of the new applications being developed."
The application of quantum physics that realty captured Vikram's attention was cyber-security. He considered setting up a startup in this space but the science was still too immature at the time. So, he did some investigation and found that back in Canberra, the ANU was about to embark on some cutting-edge research in this field.
"I contacted the professor and he said, if you do come back to Canberra let me know. And we'll see whether there's a place for you on the team.
As it turned out, my wife was expecting our second child and we decided that we wanted to bring him up in Australia and in particular in Canberra. So, we came home, and I wound up joining this group at the ANU."
Vikram says that the team had some world firsts demonstrating particular capabilities of quantum for cyber security. The team was awarded the 1Eureka Prize in 2006 for this work.
In 2007, I set out trying to raise some capital. We had some great discussions, but the Global Financial Crisis was unfolding – so timing is everything or not", says Vikram with a knowing laugh.
Vikram finally managed to invest some personal capital alongside a consortium of private investors and a matching grant from Ausindustry in 2008. The company was seeded with some of the research from the ANU and the IP Vikram owned as part of his PhD.
From research to business
Vikram says that for at least half of its journey, QuintessenceLabs has been very much on the frontier of science, well ahead of the commercial adoption curve.
"What you get out of university research is just the seed of an idea, and it takes a long time, particularly if it's deep tech, to take that seed, refine it, mature the science, figure out how you can convert science to technology, map that technology to solving real world problems and then produce something that can be physically produced in a repeatable, economical and reliable way.
It took us until 2014/15 to get to that level. That was about 6 years where we had to balance sustaining ourselves with limited revenues while fully investing in the technology," says Vikram.
The core product
Quantum physics is not for the faint hearted, but Vikram explains that QuintessenceLabs have taken something that is quite complex and make it simple to apply across its range of customers.
"Historically, says Vikram, people put big walls around their IT systems like a firewall. They are like the old walled city used to keep the bad guys out. But sooner or later a bale of hay comes in on a cart with someone hiding inside. The same kind of thing happens with cyber-security. To address this, most enterprises are moving to the idea of layered defense: multiple layers of cyber-security working together.
One of the strongest layers is enterprise-wide encryption: if you have anything that's sensitive, encrypt it! Even if the bad guys are able to access it with some malware, or an insider extricates the data, it will be of limited or no value to them, because it is well protected."
Vikram says that encryption is relatively mechanical. "The big issue is how to manage the encryption keys – think of hotel rooms, but on a huge scale. In the IOT2 world, there are now hundreds of millions of billions of encryption keys. This is further complicated in a typical data centre by the heterogeneous nature of the technology being used. It could have IBM, Hewlett, Packard, EMC, Oracle, SAP operating together and not too many technologies can span this breadth of hardware and software."
The other key challenge, says Vikram, is that some of today's most widely-used encryption technologies will be broken once a quantum computer of scale becomes a reality. "So, once we have a quantum-enabled adversary, we need to find other ways to protect that data. This is why we have a portfolio of technologies that solve today's problems, but that also help keep data safe in the future."
Servicing the needs of different sectors
QuintessenceLabs works across a range of industry security-driven sectors, and while the fundamental principles remain the same across enterprises, how you interface into the existing systems is critical.
"We are like the plumbing of cyber-security infrastructure. We are the foundation generating the highest quality encryption keys using a quantum process called quantum tunneling. This is a world-leading Australian technology, generating a billion random numbers per second. All from something the size of a cell phone. This goes into a software stack, which groups those random numbers into encryption keys. And then it manages those keys, ensuring that only people who should get access to the data do so, a bit like a hotel concierge. The core product is constant but the way it integrates into specific applications is what varies."
Strategic partnerships were very valuable in helping us access those multiple markets, says Vikram.
"It's something we're really focused on from the beginning, because cyber-security knows no boundaries. We can say that we were born global by default. We established our US office very early on and it has three primary functions: business development for the US market, managing supply chain and manufacturing in San Jose, and that strategic partnership piece. We now have a number of US companies who are strategic partners, and we integrate their technology with our core capabilities to give customers a full-stack product to solve a complete problem. Partnering with mid-tier companies, and having access to their customer base, has also accelerated our sales pipeline."
QuintessenceLabs has recently developed partnerships in the UK and Singapore with these being the next two target markets.
Vikram says that the hardware is produced and distributed out of the US.
"Our contract manufacturer builds our quantum random number generators, slots these into a server, installs our software, tests the whole device, boxes it up in into QLabs-branded boxes and sends them off directly to the customer. It's all zero touch from us. This is the beauty of these partnerships."
Being a dispersed company
The company is currently made up of about 60 staff members, all highly skilled in the company's core capabilities. Vikram focuses on keeping the company lean: anything that is non-core is outsourced. This is part of the business strategy that allows the company to focus on what it does best.
The majority of QuintessenceLabs staff is based in Australia, with the others mainly in the US.
"At the moment, our revenues are about 50% from the US and the balance out of the EU and Australia," says Vikram.
Vikram believes that this helped deal with COVID. "We were used to the format of virtual meetings, working across time zones and having the team in multiple locations. We added regular calls to update teams and reviewed our written documentation. Working with contract manufacturers requires a certain level of maturity and discipline to make sure your specifications and documentation are absolutely perfect, so that they can build the product accurately. We have automated platforms that those manufacturers can use to check the product, which we set up well before the pandemic."
Vikram also credits the IT team. "They had an inclination that we may have to move to working from home so they provisioned for this early. We also had to find better ways of communicating and supporting team members to make sure they were doing okay and pulling together on projects."
"The people management side is almost harder than the tech management side", says Vikram.
QuintessenceLabs recently designed and moved into new facilities, which Vikram welcomed as an opportunity to bring the team back together.
"Cohesiveness and team engagement are not just important for the staff, but also for demonstrating outcomes for our stakeholders", says Vikram.
Working from home has had its challenges, but has also created a range of opportunities, including in expanding QLabs' cyber-security offering. The office perimeter is now widely dispersed across households and it is accessed by smart phone, laptops and tablets. There has been a well-documented increase in adversaries seeking to exploit this. For QuintessenceLabs this has created an opportunity to extend their product line to support cloud-delivered applications, to effectively protect data in this very diverse, open and dispersed environment for both large and smaller enterprises.
Some lessons learned
Vikram says that the challenges of 2020 have highlighted many things to him.
When working with customers in a virtual way, you need to become agile and more responsive. There seems to be a greater expectation of immediacy or near immediacy in your interactions. And the downside of being so well connected is that you are expected to be connected all the time.
We found that we can effectively leverage our partners' boots on the ground to a much greater extent than we had done previously. Over the next year, we expect to announce a couple of partnerships with large global players which will really give us that access to people on the ground in virtually every geography and the backing of well-respected brands.
Many start-ups ask me about how you set up a fair partnership – we find that it depends on the sector. Do some market research and you will find precedents of what is typical within your particular sector. It depends on who's doing what and who's contributing what to the composite sale; is it a distributor, reseller relationship or is it a strategic partnership? These all have a bearing on what any revenue split looks like.
Success takes a sustained effort over many, many years, and many tough choices. What sustains you is your conviction and your commitment that you are going to build this business. It's not just about making money, but having a sense of a greater purpose that is really important to sustain you and driving motivate you through those challenging times.
One lesson that should not surprise anyone is to carefully choose the team that you build around you. Of course, you need those with the right skills, but also choose people who have complementary skills to yours. No matter how good you might be, or how broad your skill set is, there are always things when running a business where you really benefit from having those complementary skill sets around you.
Be receptive to signals about what you are developing and/or producing from your partners, your own team and from the market. Being able to adjust and adapt to those signals is critical.
Look at your potential export markets critically. On the surface, things might look similar, for example, the use of English in many countries. But there are many variations relating to how you sell, what you sell, how you message, and the expectations that your customers have. In spite of the similarities on the surface, when you actually go to do business, there are nuances that you need to adapt to in order to succeed.
You need to be in the market educating and talking to people, whether to a group of three or three hundred. It's about being out there at every opportunity and spreading the message. Remember that you are building your brand.
1 https://australian.museum/get-involved/eureka-prizes/
2 Internet of Things.
An initiative of the ACT Chief Minister's Export Awards
The ACT Chief Minister's Export Awards aims to showcase and celebrate the achievements of Canberra region exporting businesses. These Canberra and region businesses transact significant parts of their business activities (legal, accounting, production, research etc.) through the ACT as they develop international markets. The ACT Chief Minister's Export Awards aims to build the pathway for new and emerging Canberra region businesses seeking to internationalise their business. If you are a new or existing exporting businesses in the Canberra region, you can access a range of support as well as network with other exporting businesses, including
The ACT TradeStart Program helps ACT exporters to achieve long term success in international markets. The TradeStart program allows the ACT Government to work closely with Austrade and access key Austrade resources such as their export database, trade mission activities, their off-shore offices, intelligence and international connections for the trade and investment activities to support ACT exporters.
The International Business Engagement Program is being delivered by Canberra Business Chamber on behalf of the ACT Government. Its main objective is to maintain, rebuild and find new opportunities for Canberra and region businesses to engage internationally. The program focuses on building the Territory's exporting community; providing training and support by facilitating seminars and workshops; creating links between local industry and other government support programs; assisting the ACT Government in co-ordination of business trade delegations (outbound and inbound).
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A divided opposition, politicized judiciary, and compliant media helps ensure Erdogan's power remains effectively unchallenged.
What does Davutoğlu's resignation mean for the future of Turkey? How will Erdoğan's consolidation of power play out in the broader Middle East?
Turkish foreign policy under Erdoğan is not only likely to be more erratic and personalized but, as importantly, it will almost certainly look more erratic and personalized.
Whether the Syrian Kurds would attend the talks is perhaps most interesting for what it reveals about the relationship among the U.S., Turkey, and Moscow.
Washington and Ankara's failure to see eye-to-eye will likely hamper attempts in the longer-term both to degrade and destroy ISIS and reach a peaceful transition in Syria.
While President Erdogan would like to purge the party of any elements that are not loyal to his leadership, he doesn't think that he can win without them.
Under AKP rule, Turkey has been on a downward democratic trajectory, which is poised to continue if the party regains its majority in the upcoming election.
For Erdoğan and his party, which lost its parliamentary majority during the June 7 elections, beheading the pro-Kurdish HDP serves a political purpose.
Because of Erdoğan's ties to the AKP, critics argue that he is stalling the process in order to force a snap election and maintain the party's grip on power.


Q. While taking a break from soft pastels, I started painting with oil pastels. What's the difference between oil pastels, oil sticks and oil bars? Do any of these dry enough so I wouldn't have to frame them behind glass?
A. Oil sticks (also known as oil bars, depending on their shape and manufacturer) are made of the same pigments and drying oils used in tube oils. The paint is then combined with wax and rolled into a crayon—basically oil paint in a solid form. This medium, unlike the oil pastel, develops a skin as the oil dries. When this top layer of paint solidifies, it seals the wet paint in underneath, much like oil paint.
Oil pastels are similar to oil sticks, but with one critical difference: The type of oil used in the formulation of oil pastels is nondrying. Because this material contains more wax than oil, it handles much more like a soft pastel, and it will never completely dry. Little to no skin forms on your working surface, and the sticks maintain the same even consistency all the way to the painting surface. Oil pastels are also known to work well with linseed oil and turpentine to create many different and interesting blending effects.
So the material you're referring to may contain small differences in content, but they're basically combinations of wax (beeswax, paraffin, microcrystalline petroleum wax, or a mixture of two or three), oil and artists' grade pigments. There are probably also other ingredients added to modify the handling characteristics of each particular brand, but because this is proprietary information I have no way of knowing what else might be added to each manufacturer's version of the material.
Because these materials contain enough oil to make them dry, but also a large amount of other materials that keep them soft and pliable, I have to conclude that their dried surfaces are fairly susceptible to scratching, denting, and other types of physical harm. It's also not recommended that you varnish these media, so it's probably best for you to frame any of these paintings behind glass, as you would with a soft pastel.
Drawing Board creator Bill Tilton lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, where he's currently working on a 5×6-foot painting of zebras on the Serengeti Plain.
I love using pigments sticks more than any other painting tool. Using them to outline the general structure of you work and to add accurate strokes of colours is something that the pigment sticks do best!
I wrote an article on them and also included a video of me producing an artwork using pigments sticks, if you want to check it out!


A very close relative of the Cocker Spaniel, the Field Spaniel is larger and longer in build with a glossy coat that can be black or liver. This breed is level-headed and patient, making it a great family pet. They are calm and docile around the house, but turn up the energy when they're playing or hunting.
Sweet and fun-loving, the Field Spaniel aims to please his family members. He can be standoff-ish with strangers although he quickly warms up once trust is earned. The breed is highly intelligent which makes training easy, but due to their sensitivity, harsh training is not recommended. Positive reinforcement works best.
Want to get a Field Spaniel?


Gravity is fun when you are in control of it.
This program is designed to allow you to experience the thrill of walking down the face of a cliff in complete control of the force of gravity that wants to pull you to the ground.
We teach you the fundamentals of using a rappel device and rope to walk, hop, and eventually jump down several cliffs in the course of a couple of hours of fun and excitement.
2 professional guides will provide the instruction and safety back ups while taking digital photos that you can show off to your friends and family.


It's very rare I guess for a pregnant woman to have a smooth pregnancy but fortunately, I'm one of those lucky ones (El7mdellah). As I am in my 5th month, everything is going very smoothly & perfectly. I never vomited nor had low blood pressure or any kind of bad symptoms pregnant women suffer from. To be honest, I'm only suffering from severe heartburn which is annoying me alot, but I'm taking medicines which only help for one hour or so 😉 but all is good el7mdellah!


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Forensic science: The danger of relying on a single piece of evidence
Leletu Tonisi
Searching for clues: A forensic expert looks for human remains in a pit in Serbia that is believed to contain the bodies of ethnic Albanians killed during the 1998-99 war. (Photo by Sasa Djordjevic/AFP)
At the core of the criminal justice system lies a big responsibility: suitably punishing perpetrators of crimes and exonerating the innocent. Although this sounds like a straightforward undertaking, misleading forensic evidence has proven to be one of the biggest systematic defects — one that has cost many innocent people their freedom.
Although relatively reliable in most instances, forensics can be subject to several errors, inconsistencies, and biases, which has resulted in the wrongful arrests of innocent people.
According to the peer-reviewed study published by professors Adebola Olaborede and Lirieka Meintjes-van der Walt, "The Dangers of Convictions Based on a Single Piece of Forensic Evidence", in 2019, investigating officials have often been found to depend on a single piece of evidence to convict suspects when, in fact, there should be a strong substantiation, with additional forms of evidence linking the accused to the crime.
Advancements in science have come a long way in expanding the scope of forensic gathering techniques — from DNA analysis, which is considered the "gold standard" for forensic-feature comparison methods, followed by fingerprint analysis, bite-mark analysis, microscopic hair analysis and firearms identification.
These are used in many jurisdictions around the world to bring justice to some the most heinous crimes, such as sexual assault and murder.
Wrongful arrests cost state
The United States keeps a National Registry of Exonerations that has recorded 2 500 wrongful convictions since 1989; in South Africa, such shortcomings are made clear by the large sums of money spent on civil claims related to wrongful convictions.
In 2016, the South African Police Service (SAPS) revealed that it had paid out more than R854-million for wrongful arrests and detention between 2009-10 and 2015-16.
Subsequent years saw a substantial annual increase in civil claims, reportedly because of illegal detentions, use of unnecessary force by police, inadequate training and lack of compliance with standing orders.
In the 2015-16 financial year, the SAPS paid out R290-million in civil claims against the police. The total claims made amounted to R14.6-billion, of which R7.3-billion was cancelled or reduced, with the other claims still pending.
In March this year, police were ordered to pay R5-million in damages to a man in the Eastern Cape for arresting him for no reason at all.
But incompetence and police brutality are not the only reason why people are wrongfully convicted.
One piece of a bigger puzzle
Expert evidence is the backbone of the criminal justice system. It is evidence that is scientifically based and is used by courts when prosecuting cases in which they do not have the requisite technical or specialist knowledge.
Expert witnesses use forensic techniques by gathering and scrutinising all crime-related physical evidence to make a conclusion about a suspect.
If someone has been murdered, for instance, a bite mark or fingerprints found at the crime scene are not enough on their own to determine that the person is guilty. Each piece of forensic evidence is just one part of the bigger puzzle and the courts cannot come to a conclusive decision until all the necessary forensic examinations are applied.
A single piece of forensic evidence is not always reliable, firstly because of human error. Secondly, although forensic evidence is grounded in science, there is a lack of adequate scientific validation of the methods employed.
Judge Jacob de Villiers, former chief justice of South Africa (from 1929 to 1932) is frequently cited saying: "The uncorroborated evidence of a single competent and credible witness is no doubt declared to be sufficient for a conviction by section 284 of Act 31 of 1917, but in my opinion that section should only be relied on where the evidence of the single witness is clear and satisfactory in every material aspect."
Evidence reliability
In the US, the prosecution assumes the burden of proof and is required to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt. This means that all reasonable doubt must be removed in the minds of a jury that a defendant is guilty of the crime for which they are charged. Expert evidence must be both relevant and reliable in this regard.
Reliability in this case compels courts to question the practical research foundation of all expert testimony. Has this technique or theory been tested; has it been subjected to peer review and publication; is there a known potential rate of error of a particular scientific technique?
Additionally, is the testimony based on sufficient facts or data; is it the product of reliable principles and methods; and has the expert reliably applied those principles and methods to the facts of the case? These are all requirements highlighted under rule 702 of the Federal Rules of Evidence.
Dr Sabine Grein, a biochemist at Germany's State Office of Criminal Investigation. (Photo: Frank Molter/dpa)
South Africa, on the other hand, draws on English law, with evidence being admissible whenever it is relevant.
However, law scholars Gary Edmond and Meintjes-van der Walt point out that the reliability of evidence "will be explored effectively during trial, through cross-examination and or by expert evidence that may be adduced by another party".
Moreover, South Africa, like England and Wales, does not have clear standards regarding the admissibility of scientific evidence. There is no admissibility requirement that scientific evidence should be valid or reliable. If scientific evidence cannot be logically supported, it can be discredited by the defence and the court.
South Africa also does not (yet) have a reliable database for wrongful convictions, such as the Innocence Project and the National Registry of Exonerations in the US. Finding case examples specific to each technique, in which a conviction was made because of misleading results from that analysis, is difficult because that information is highly classified.
Partial DNA profiles
Human beings are believed to have DNA that is 99.9% identical: the remaining 0.1% is what makes us each unique. There is a 1% difference between chimpanzees and humans, which means a small difference can mean a huge deal.
But, according to a Jstor Daily article published in 2017, DNA is often damaged because of moisture or extreme temperatures. When this occurs, only some of the critical markers will be available and only a partial profile is generated.
The author, Naomi Elster, said that: "Put simply, if a DNA profile is a complete description of a person's appearance, a partial profile might describe only one of their traits — hair colour, for instance." She further explains that partial profiles will match with more than one person, unlike to a full profile. She states that a more rigorous statistical approach is the "likelihood ratio", which directly compares two hypotheses: the likelihood of the DNA coming from the suspect vs the likelihood of the DNA coming from someone else.
False positives in fingerprints
Experts have long believed that fingerprint analysis is infallible. That would make sense, because it has already been established that no two people can have the same fingerprints. Experts use seven points from one finger to compare similarity to another finger, but there is no consensus or standard with regards to matching points of similarities.
Fingerprints are secured in a forensic laboratory. (Photo: Armin Weigel/dpa)
Studies also claim that the process of fingerprinting is subjective, and that it leaves room for potential bias that can affect the examiner.
"For example, a forensic scientist who has been provided with extraneous information, such as the suspect's ethnicity, previous criminal record, eyewitness identification or other types of evidence, can potentially bias the examiner throughout the course of their analysis," noted toxicologist Benedette Cuffari in her journal article, "Forensic Confirmation Bias (Cognitive Bias in Forensics)".
Furthermore, no testing has been conducted that shows the statistical significance of a match to establish the likelihood of two prints being the same. Statistically speaking, fingerprint analysis has been found to have a higher rate of false positives than other forensic methods.
Bite-mark analysis
Experts known as forensic odontologists collect bite marks and use dental casts, computer enhancements, photography, clear overlays, electron microscopy and swabbing for serology to test for a match.
Bite-mark analysis is based on the principle that dental characteristics, particularly the front teeth, differ considerably between people. Secondly, the skin can reliably capture these characteristic features that imply uniqueness. But other experts remain sceptical about the accuracy of these premises.
Olaborede and Meintjes-van der Walt quote the National Academy of Science Report, which notes that the "uniqueness of the human dentition and the ability to transfer a unique pattern to human skin, as well as the ability of the skin to maintain that uniqueness has not been scientifically established". According to a Medical Brief article, forensic dentists claim that they can accurately associate a bite mark to the one and only set of teeth in the world that could have produced it. There is, however, no sound basis for believing that this is possible.
Microscopic hair analysis
Experts examine and compare features of hair to establish if they match the accused. This technique is based on the premise that human (and animal) hair is regularly shed and can be transferred between two individuals.
Most courts have accepted hair analysis because it is claimed to "yield reliable information about class characteristics of hair strands, which can help to narrow down a possible source of unknown hair", said Olaborede and van der Walt.
But microscopic hair analysis is also considered highly unreliable.
Painstaking work: A lab technician for the National Institute for Forensics of Marseille in France runs tests to identify samples of scant traces of DNA. (Photo by Boris Horvat/AFP)
"Many of the characteristics are subjective, such as colour (is it yellow, yellow-brown, or brown?), pigment distribution (uniform, peripheral, one side, clusters) and cortical texture (fine, medium, coarse). A re-examination of a hair, by the same or a different examiner, can result in different descriptions of hair characteristics," said biostatistics professor Jim Norton and statistician William Anderson in their study "Flawed forensics: Statistical failings of microscopic hair analysis".
Firearms identification
Firearms identification, otherwise known as ballistics, determines whether ammunition is connected to a firearm recovered at a crime scene. Experts can establish if a specific firearm is the source of a particular bullet, cartridge case, shot shell casing, or slug found at a crime scene.
"Each tool mark has individual characteristics that may be uniquely associated with a specific tool or firearm and are reproduced by the same specific tool or firearm," said Olaborede and Meintjies-van der Walt.
Again, it is a question of whether there is scientific evidence available to determine the degree to which firearm-related tool marks are unique.
Adebola Olaborede
Benedette Cuffari
Criminal Justice System
fingerprint analysis
forensic odontologists
Lirieka Meintjes-van der Walt
Naomi Elster
wrongful arrests
wrongful convictions
The Mozambican criminal who escaped from South African prisons, twice
Local elections: More than 800 ANC candidate disputes remain unresolved
Fraser vs Nxele in court — again
ANC's Danny Msiza ordered to step aside or face suspension
IEC to ask the courts to postpone local elections
'No national matric rewrite', says court


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text:
Two hikers from San Luis Obispo County were on their first day of an 11-day backpacking trip to hike the High Sierra Trail up to Mount Whitney in Sequoia National Forest when they were stopped dead in their tracks by a mountain lion. See the frigh
"The fatal mistake, it appears, is running," Tira said. "That triggers an attack response in an animal that's hardwired to chase down prey."
It's currently unclear just why the mountain lion returned to attack the two Washington cyclists. The animal, which officials called "emaciated," was shot and killed, and its carcass sent to a veterinary lab at Washington State University, where a veterinarian will conduct a brain necropsy to determine what may have been wrong with it.
"They did everything they were supposed to do," King County sheriff's Sgt. Ryan Abbott told The Associated Press of the cyclists. "But something was wrong with this cougar."
Mountain lion attacks are incredibly rare — this was only the second cougar-related death in Washington in 94 years — and Tira said that in California, attacks appear to be pretty spread out over the years.
There have been 15 verified mountain lion attacks in California since 1986, and of those, just three were fatal, according to California Department of Fish and Wildlife data.
Photo of the #cougar that attacked two mountain bikers, ages 32 and 31. The 32 year old didn't survive. Other victim is @harborviewmc. DFW tracked down and euthanized the #mountainlion. #NorthBend #cougarattack https://t.co/mlCkhWNVFO @KIRO7Seattle pic.twitter.com/hCdj74Nx65
— Deedee Sun (@DeedeeKIRO7) May 20, 2018
The last nonfatal mountain lion attack in California was in 2014, in Cupertino. The last fatal mountain lion attack was in Orange County in 2004.
"It doesn't make a victim feel better, but for all the people we have in California and all the people outdoors, mountain lions are outstanding at avoiding us," Tira said.
Tira added that, if you're planning to hike or do other activities in a mountain lion's territory, it's best to be smart and aware of your surroundings. Mountain lions are active at dawn, dusk and nighttime, and the Department of Fish and Wildlife recommends avoiding hiking or jogging during that time.
Officials also recommend that people never hike, bike or jog alone, and to keep small children close. They also say to never approach a mountain lion. If you see a mountain lion, Tira recommends reporting the sighting to authorities.
If you encounter a mountain lion, don't run. Face the animal, make noise, throw rocks and try to look bigger by waving your arms. Pick up dogs and children. If the mountain lion attacks, call 911 immediately.
"Let that mountain lion know you are not a prey animal, it needs to move on, and in almost all cases it does," Tira said.
"There's nothing unusual or particularly worrisome about it (mountain lion sightings), it's part of the California landscape," Tira said. "But you want to be aware and have some idea of what to do and what not to do."
This weekend's attack in Washington happened when S.J. Brooks, 32, and Isaac Sederbaum, 31, were mountain biking near North Bend, about 30 miles from Seattle. According to The Washington Post, the two realized they were being followed by the cougar and made loud noises to initially chase it away.
But the mountain lion returned — and pounced on Sederbaum. When Brooks got off his bike and ran away, the cat took chase, according to The Washington Post.
Brooks was "brutally mauled," Capt. Alan Myers of the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife told The Washington Post.
Sederbaum, though injured, managed to ride off on his bike and find help. He was listed in satisfactory condition, according to Harborview Medical Center in Seattle.
Justin Dellinger, senior environmental scientist with Wildlife Investigations Laboratory at California Department of Fish and Wildlife, was working to drug, tag and collar a mountain lion in Modoc County when he got was the surprise of a lifetime.
A White Shark Cafe sits 1,200 miles offshore. Here's why scientists spent a month there
She wandered into a rugged canyon, and was found dead near a lion. It didn't kill her, cops say
Alligators, sharks, coyotes reclaiming their old haunts. Get used to it, study says.
Know your thunderstorm types
Michigan trooper rescues toddler from oncoming dump truck


Marquette, Michigan based Flat Broke Blues Band has been playing clubs, festivals and concerts around the Upper Great Lakes region for well over a decade. The band currently features original members guitarist/vocalist Walt Lindala and bassist/vocalist Mark Johnson. Flat Broke also includes guitarist/vocalist Mike Letts, drummer Jim Cohen and lead vocalist/harmonica player Lorrie Hayes.
The Flat Broke Blues Band takes the influences of blues, rock, soul and R&B and creates a sound that respects the tradition of the blues but also pushes it's contemporary bounds. The band's stage show is filled with an entertaining and danceable mix of blues and R&B classics along with a variety of original songs that showcase the talents of all of the band members.
Over the years, Flat Broke Blues Band has shared the stage with several blues stars including Koko Taylor, Tab Benoit, Shemekia Copeland, Shirley King and Lonnie Brooks to name a few.


text:
#Touchbase
**Created By:** Pranav Mayuram

An opensource NoSQL social network platform using Couchbase Server 4.0 (featuring N1QL), as well as Express, Angular and Node (the JavaScript web stack). The UI is created primarily using Angular Material Design, as well as parts of Bootstrap, Semantic UI and Materialize CSS. A preview of one use-case for the product can be seen below. These images are for a network built using Touchbase, made to be used as an internal social network for Couchbase employees.

Using the setup specified in this README, you will be able to create your own customized social network with a multitude of features. These include:

* **Login and Registration**
* **Email Verification**
* **Session-based user authentication for security**
* **Searchable user profiles**
* **Profile pictures uploads with cropping**
* **Statistics page with login graphing over time**
* **Ability to customize one's personal profile**
* **Searchable user posts, separated by type**
* **Beautiful Material Design**

Many of these features can be further customized by any developer using the 'config.json' file. For example, the purpose of the social network is up to you, and the user fields that users are asked for can also be customized accordingly. The same applies for the different types of posts you would like to have in your network. Ability to change the color scheme and branding are also explained thoroughly in this README.

### Prerequisites
For the contents of this README, it is assumed that you have the following items setup.

1. System-specific prerequisites for node-gyp at https://github.com/nodejs/node-gyp
2. A working Couchbase Server 4.0 cluster, single node will do for exploring with enough free RAM for at least one bucket
3. A Sendgrid Web API account
4. Node.js & NPM (node >= 3.3 with npm >= 3.3 should do)
5. GraphicsMagick (`brew install graphicsmagick` on Mac OS X)

If you lack any one of these things, proper installation and setup can be seen in PREREQUISITES.md.

### Getting the Project
The simplest way to get Touchbase is simply to clone it to wherever you choose. Keep track of the directory where you clone the Touchbase repo, as you will have to navigate to it in the future.

Simply navigate to the directory where you want to keep Touchbase (Documents, Desktop, etc.) in your command line (Terminal) where you want to keep the project folder and run the following command:

````$ git clone https://github.com/couchbaselabs/touchbase.git````

This will now create the folder in that directory, and you can enter the folder, and then one level deeper into 'TouchbaseModular' (**touchbase/TouchbaseModular**). Here is where you will need to navigate when doing anything specific to your project.

### Installing Node Modules and Bower Components
***This is project-specific. Navigate to your project directory to run these commands in your command line. If you don't have the project downloaded, check 'Getting the Project'.***

######NPM
Once NPM (node package manager) is properly available, run one simple command:

````$ npm install````

Then, this will install all modules that were specified for the project in the 'package.json' file. You may need to use **sudo** before the command to do it as a root/administrator.
All of these modules will be put into the 'node_modules' folder and then be accessed in the back-end javascript files using 'require' statements, or ````<script src="filepath">```` tags in HTML to access the necessary files.

######Bower
Now run another command with NPM:

````$ npm install -g bower````

This will install another package manager that other necessary components can be downloaded with.

After installing bower, run this command:

````$ bower install````

This will now install all the components specified in the 'bower.json' file that were included in the project.
All of these components will be downloaded into the 'bower_components' folder and can also be accessed through 'require' statements, or ````<script src="filepath">```` tags in HTML to access the necessary files.

### Sendgrid API Setup
The Nodemailer Sengrid API method was used to ensure that the emails do not go to users' spam folders, and it also allows statistics about the emails to be tracked directly from the Sendgrid dashboard.

Enter your Sendgrid username and password to the 'config.json' file after you successfully create your account. This will ensure that all emails are sent safely through one's account. These changes will be reflected in the 'sessionmodel.js' file in the 'Session.makeVerification' function.

### Customizing your application

For this, you must be looking at your **config.json** file to create a fully customized application. There are a few other files that will have to be adjusted, but the main one is this.

###### Basic Customization (User Attributes, Project Name, etc.)

1. **Project Basics :** To customize these, this will simply require one to change the attribute in the 'config.json' file.
  * Changing the 'projectName' attribute will be reflected everywere in the front-end UI.
  * Changing the 'primaryAttribute' will change what the user is asked for in the registration process, and also how they are displayed in the 'All Users' page, as well as their posts. One example would be 'Name'.

2. **User Attributes :** To customize the user attributes, there are a few things one can do. The basic application structure has three kinds of basic data models, which are **stringAttributes**, **arrayAttributes**, and **dropdownAttributes**. Changing these attributes will change the form for registration, as well as the terms that are searched, and attributes that show up on each user's profile.
  * To change the stringAttributes, and arrayAttributes, simply change the arrays that are in the 'config.json' file. An arrayAttribute would ask for a comma-separated list of items with a max limit of 5 in the current implimentation, for example, 'Hobbies'. A stringAttribute would accept any string, for example, 'Job Title'.
  * To change the dropdownAttributes, one would have to change the array of objects that are used in the 'config.json' file. The 'varname' in each object simply describes the type of variable that one wants, for example, 'Base Office'. The 'options' array in each object is a list of options that will be presented in each dropdown.

###### Bucket Customization
To simply customize the bucket names, one can just change the names in the 'config.json' document and then adjust the names of their bucket names in the **Bucket Setup** section.

It is also possible to overlap the buckets and put all of the data in one bucket. This is an important feature, since current releases of Couchbase support a maximum of 10 buckets. If one would like to do this, it may be advisable to increase the RAM quota allowed for the bucket, so that it can accomodate all the data.

###### Post Customization
For Touchbase, handling different kinds of posts means putting them in different sections of the website.
For example, if one wanted to put a set of company news articles in one section, they may have a section like 'Couchbase in the News'.
If they also wanted to have an area for company github projects, there may be a separate section called 'Github Projects'. This is how the data is stratified.

These are considered different kinds of posts as well, and this can be reflected when one looks at the 'My Posts' section in the 'My Profile' section after they make a few posts. Creating proper customization takes a few separate steps.

1. **Picking Different Post Types :** To create different posts, change the 'pubTypes' array of object. Each 'pubTypes' object has a 'type' attribute which is the type that will be seen in the navbar. Examples would be 'Github Projects', 'Couchbase in the News', etc.
2. **Changing imagePath :** To change the 'imagePath' attribute in each 'pubTypes' object, place the image you want for this type of post into the 'icons' folder. Then take the name of the image and put it as the 'imagePath' attribute.
3. **Changing icon :** To change the 'icon' attribute for each type of post, simply go to http://semantic-ui.com/elements/icon.html and find the icon you want to display for this post type in the navbar. Take the name for the icon, for example 'github', or 'newspaper' and write that into the 'icon' attribute for the object.

###### Color/Logo Customization
Changing the colors and various logos for the application is an important part of creating an identity for the social network. There are a few basic steps to this.

1. **Logo :** If you are told there is already an image with this name, go ahead and 'Replace', or delete the existing image and replace it with your own.
  * Go into the 'icons' folder, and drag in your logo for your application, and rename it to **touchbaseLogo.png**. The logo will now reflect your changes.
  * To change the default profile picture, go into the 'icons' folder, drag in the image you want, and rename it to **default_picture.png**.
  * To change the favicon (icon that is shown on the top of a tab, along with HTML page title).  This can be generated at http://www.favicon-generator.org/. The icon that is generated should then be placed in the 'public' folder with the name 'favicon.ico'.
2. **Color :**
  * First off, go to https://www.google.com/design/spec/style/color.html#color-color-palette. Find a color you like in the different swatches.
  * Then navigate to 'public/js'. Open the 'signUp.js' file and the 'touchbase.js' file.
  * Go to the '.primaryPalette' and '.backgroundPalette' attributes within the '$mdThemingProvider' service in 'signUp.js'. Then change the color in quotes to the color of the swatch you chose (ex. 'teal'). **Make sure the color name is lowercase!** (ex. 'teal' NOT 'Teal' OR 'TEAL'). Then the number below the color name should be the number of the specific shade you chose (number without '#', ex. '900' or 'a100').
  * Make same changes to just '.primaryPalette' in the 'touchbase.js' file.
  * You could also change the '.accentPalette' attribute in the same way (for both files), though this just changes the colors of a few buttons in the application.
  * Finally, take the hex value given (the one with the '#') for the specific shade of the color you chose on the Google Material Design Colors website. Change the 'colorHex' attribute in the 'config.json' file to this hex value.

Your branding and color customization is now complete!

### Bucket Setup

Once you have a working version of Couchbase Server, go to **http://IpOfyourMachine:8091**, such as localhost if running locally. **Make sure that you have Couchbase Server running**. On Mac, this is done simply by clicking Couchbase Server in Launchpad. You will see the Couchbase logo in your dock near the wifi label in the top right hand side of the menu bar. Then complete the following steps.
 1. Login, and then navigate to the **'Data Buckets'** tab at the top of the screen.
 2. From here you can create these 3 buckets simply and easily using the 'Create Bucket' button. These buckets will be called **users** and **users_pictures** and **users_publishments**. Changing these bucketnames is possible in the 'config.json' file. If you changed 'config.json' to use only one bucket, or two buckets, simply create those one or two buckets.
  4. Allot around 100 mb each to these buckets for initial testing, and closer to 300mb to use the **users_pictures** bucket. If you used only one or two buckets, just increase the amount of RAM for the bucket that is storing the pictures.
  5. After you select the amount of RAM you want for each bucket, ignore all other options, scroll down and hit **Create Bucket**.

There are 2 ways to go set up the buckets with indexes, one being far simpler than the other.

1. **Simple :** Set up your primary indexes, as well as some basic indexes for user searches using a simple API endpoint.
  * Complete the **Running the App** section.
  * Redirect your webpage to **http://IPofYourMachine:3000/api/createPrimaryIndexes** assuming you're running the application in the same place you're running Couchbase Server. Use localhost for IPofYourMachine if the Couchbase Server instance is running on the same machine that you are currently on. Also if you changed your port in 'config.json', replace 3000 with that port number.
  * You should see 'Primary Indexes Created' after some time, at which point the setup is complete.
  * It may be good to restart your node.js instance using Ctrl + C and then running the command to start the app once more.
You should now be all prepared for the app to use your back-end appropriately.

2. **Manual :** If you really, truly want to do this manually, go into the [cbq shell][1], and run these three commands. If you changed your bucket names in 'config.json', change them accordingly for these commands.
  *  ````CREATE PRIMARY INDEX ON users````
  *  ````CREATE PRIMARY INDEX ON users_pictures````
  *  ````CREATE PRIMARY INDEX ON users_publishments````

### Running the app
***This is project-specific. Navigate to your project directory to run these commands in your command line. If you don't have the project downloaded, check 'Getting the Project'.***

Most setup is complete at this point. First, navigate into 'TouchbaseModular'.

Once in this folder, use the command ````$ node app.js```` (or nodemon if you prefer), to run the project.

The console will now have a message saying "View Touchbase at localhost:3000" (maybe a different port depending on 'config.json' file).
Redirect your browser to this location, and view the project!
If you have not yet created your indexes, go ahead and redirect to **http://IPofYourMachine:3000/api/createPrimaryIndexes** as mentioned in **Bucket Setup**.
Congratulations on your custom app :)

### Post Launch
###### Logs
In many other web servers, the logs are found in a certain file, however, Node.js prints directly to the 'STDERR' and 'STDOUT' on the console. This can be configured differently if desired as mentioned at  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8393636/node-log-in-a-file-instead-of-the-console.

###### HTTPS
The process of using 'https' protocol is rather simple using a self-signed cert, and that is how the current system is implemented. Using CA signed certs is still **EXPERIMENTAL** and should be live shortly. This will be updated in the near future as it is an important security measure.

### Conclusion

Hopefully you find this application helpful, especially the use of N1QL and Couchbase Server 4.0 with Node.js. Please file any errors/questions on the [github project][2], and they will be answered as soon as possible.

### License

MIT ©

[1]: http://developer.couchbase.com/documentation/server/4.0/n1ql/n1ql-intro/cbq.html
[2]: http://github.com/couchbaselabs/touchbase/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub