5444765 August 1995 Marui et al.
5999978 December 1999 Angal et al.
6032044 February 2000 Shannon et al.
7349695 March 2008 Oommen et al.
2003/0100303 May 2003 Armbruster et al.
2003/0103484 June 2003 Oommen et al.
2005/0010585 January 2005 Sahinoja et al.
2005/0227683 October 2005 Draluk et al.
2006/0020947 January 2006 Hallamaa et al.
The present application makes reference to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/797,148 entitled "ENHANCED DEVICE MANAGEMENT FOR A MOBILE DEVICE", filed May 2, 2006, the complete subject matter of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety.
In addition, the present application makes reference to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/249,606, entitled "System and Method for Updating and Distributing Information," filed Nov. 17, 2000, and International Patent Application Publication No. WO 02/41147 A1, entitled "System And Method For Updating And Distributing Information", filed Nov. 19, 2001, and having publication date Mar. 23, 2002, the complete subject matter of each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, in its entirety.
1. A handheld electronic device comprising: at least one non-volatile memory having stored therein one or both of firmware and software; at least one processor operably coupled to the non-volatile memory, wherein the at least one processor, during operation, at least: stores operating status information of the handheld electronic device as a sub-node of a standards-defined device management object in a device management tree in the non-volatile memory the operating status information indicating at least whether the handheld electronic device is roaming; wirelessly receives, from at least one remote server via a communication network, a request for the operating status information, the request communicated according to a device management protocol standard; wirelessly transmits the requested operating status information to the at least one remote server; and wherein only simple management operations that reduce air time are conducted when the handheld electronic device is roaming, and more data intensive management operations are conducted when the handheld electronic device is not roaming.
2. The handheld electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the operating status information is stored as a sub-node or part of a device management object defined in the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) Version 1.2 or earlier protocol specification.
3. The handheld electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the non-volatile memory comprises flash type memory.
4. The handheld electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the communication network comprises a public communication network.
5. A system for managing service deployment in a plurality of handheld electronic devices, the system comprising: at least one server comprising: at least one interface enabling communication with the plurality of handheld electronic devices via a wireless communication network; at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one interface and at least one memory, the at least one processor functioning during operation to, among other things: receive operating status information for one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices via the wireless communication network in accordance with a device management protocol standard; determine whether the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices is roaming, based upon the operating status information; and initiate a device management session with the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices, and only conduct simple management operations that reduce air time when the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices is roaming, and conduct more data intensive management operations when the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices is not roaming.
6. The system according to claim 5, wherein the device management protocol standard is the device management protocol referred to as the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) Version 1.2 or earlier protocol.
7. The system according to claim 5, wherein the operating status information is representative of roaming status of the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices.
8. The system according to claim 7, wherein an operating condition is that the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices is not roaming.
9. The system according to claim 5, wherein the initiated device management session downloads update information used to update one or more of firmware, software and/or configuration information to the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices.
10. The system according to claim 5, wherein the communication network comprises a public communication network.
11. The system according to claim 5, wherein the at least one processor further functions, during operation, to at least: accept a request to deploy a communication service to the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices; determine actions enabling deployment of the communication service to the one of the plurality of electronic devices; and exchange communication in accordance with a device management protocol standard with the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices, via the communication network, to perform the actions determined to enable deployment of the communication service to the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices.
12. A handheld electronic device comprising: at least one non-volatile memory having stored therein one or both of firmware and software; at least one processor operably coupled to the non-volatile memory, wherein the at least one processor, during operation, at least: wirelessly exchanges communication in accordance with a device management protocol standard with at least one remote server, via a communication network, to perform actions determined to enable deployment of a communication service to the handheld electronic device; automatically collects real-time information on user consumption of the deployed communications service, the real-time information indicating whether the handheld electronic device is roaming; wirelessly transmits the collected real-time information on user consumption of the deployed communications service to the at least one remote server; conducts only simple management operations when the handheld electronic device is roaming; and conducts data intensive management operations when the handheld electronic device is not roaming.
13. The handheld electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the handheld electronic device comprises one of a mobile handset and a cellular phone.
14. The handheld electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the device management protocol standard is the device management protocol referred to as the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) Version 1.2 or earlier protocol.
15. The handheld electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the communication network comprises a public communication network.
16. The handheld electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, during operation, only uses a heavy-weight protocol for management operations only when the handheld electronic device is not roaming.
17. The handheld electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, during operation, only uses a light-weight protocol for management operations when the handheld electronic device is roaming.
18. The handheld electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, during operation, requests user approval before conducting any device management operations when the handheld electronic device is roaming.
19. The handheld electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, during operation, only sets parameter values when the handheld electronic device is roaming.
20. The handheld electronic device according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor, during operation, only changes configuration when the handheld electronic device is roaming.
The remote management of electronic devices such as, for example, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDA's), pagers, and personal computers may involve the updating of firmware and/or application software, or the configuration of device parameters. The updating of firmware or software components, and the remote provisioning of operating parameters may be a complex activity using communications protocols that are flexible in their capabilities, but that may sometimes be inefficient in terms of the amount of information exchanged for the changes conveyed.
For example, the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) protocol used to manage mobile devices employs extensible markup language (XML)-based messages for session setup, for sending management commands, for receiving status, for exchanging results, etc. Each XML message may contain a number of information items including, for example, a header, a body, security credentials, device information, etc., many of which are often redundant or useless in any given exchange. In some instances, a device management server may be required to send 1 K bytes or more in order to set the value of one byte of data in a device management object in the mobile device. Use of such a "heavy-weight" protocol for simple tasks may be costly to a subscriber both in the time needed to perform the device management operations, and in the air time charges incurred.
In many instances, a mobile electronic device may be roaming outside of its home service area, and any device management activities conducted may cause the subscriber to incur roaming charges. A subscriber is not likely to be happy to receive a hefty bill for a 1 MB firmware update conducted while the user is roaming. At the present time, it is normally not possible to determine whether a mobile device is roaming, and most mobile devices when engaging in device management activities do not inform the device management server when they are roaming. Thus, a device management server may unknowingly initiate device management activities when the mobile device is roaming, or select an inappropriate device management protocol, causing subscribers to incur air time charges at higher roaming rates for device management activities that could just as easily be performed at a later time, when the mobile device is within its home service area, or with a more efficient protocol.
FIG. 1 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary network that supports remote access to and/or update of device parameters, firmware and/or software in memory of an electronic device such as, for example, a mobile handset or personal digital assistant, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary set of functional subsystems that may be employed in a mobile network corresponding to, for example, the network of FIG. 1, that support services management and service level tracing, wherein mobile devices are managed using device management protocols, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary subset of functional subsystems that may correspond by name to those shown in FIG. 2, and that may be used to support services management and service level tracing, in which different functional subsystems cooperate in the process of designing, planning and deploying a service, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary subset of functional subsystems that may correspond by name to those shown in FIG. 2, and that may be employed to support automated data collection from newly configured electronic devices to monitor a newly deployed service, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary subset of functional subsystems that may correspond by name to those shown in FIG. 2, and that may be employed to provide terminal management services with the help of a terminal management system, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates the structure of an exemplary management object that may reside in a device management tree in memory of a mobile device such as, for example, the electronic device of FIG. 1, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary network for managing electronic devices in which a device management server uses both an OMA-DM-compliant protocol as well as a proprietary or light-weight protocol to manage mobile devices, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention.
Aspects of the present invention may be found in a method, a system, and/or a device that supports remote updating of memory, and the determination and configuration of device management and operational parameters in mobile electronic devices. More specifically, aspects of the present invention may be found in a method, system and device supporting the exchange of device capability and operating information that helps to minimize cost and subscriber impact of remote device management activities for roaming mobile/handheld electronic devices such as, for example, a mobile handset, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant, a pager, a personal computer, or any of a number of other portable or handheld electronic devices with communication functionality. Suitable device capability/operating information may, for example, make accessible indications of the operational status of an electronic device, to enable a device management server to determine when updating of device software/firmware and device management parameters is least costly and/or least likely to have negative subscriber impact. In addition, the exchange of such device management information may employ "lighter", lower overhead protocols that permit more efficient monitoring and configuration of such electronic devices. Although much of the following discussion relates to a mobile handset or mobile device such as a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), pager, or personal computer (PC), the teachings of the present invention also apply to any of a wide variety of electronic devices with wired or wireless communication functionality that provide subscriber access to communication services such as, for example, those named above, and other electronic devices having similar characteristics.
Representative embodiments of the present invention may be employed during updates using wired or wireless communication links such as, for example, a public switched telephone network, a wired local or wide area network, an intranet, the Internet, and wireless cellular, paging, local area, personal area, and short range networks such as those referred to as WiFi, IEEE 802.11 a/b/g/n compatible networks, the short range wireless technology known as Bluetooth, and similar types of communication links. Representative embodiments of the present invention may also be employed in converged devices supporting two or more of the types of communication links listed above.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, information for updating memory in an electronic device such as those described above may be communicated using, for example, an update package comprising a set of instructions executable by firmware and/or software in the electronic device to transform or convert an existing version of software, firmware, and/or data in the electronic device into a new or updated version of the software, firmware, and/or data. Access and provisioning of device management information may be performed using existing standards-based device management protocols, or proprietary protocols.
FIG. 1 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary network 105 that supports remote access to and/or update of device parameters, firmware and/or software in memory of an electronic device 107 such as, for example, a mobile handset or personal digital assistant, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device 107 may, for example, comprise a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a pager, a handheld personal computer (PC), and/or the like. The electronic device 107 may support a number of features and/or applications that may contain software/firmware errors that need to be corrected, or the electronic device 107 may provide additional features/benefits by updating/adding to the software/firmware. Device capability information and/or operational/configuration parameters in the electronic device 107 may be remotely accessed and/or modified as part of management of the electronic device 107. The electronic device 107 may itself be used to request updates to software/firmware via a customer care server 157 either directly, using a browser in the electronic device 107, or via a customer service representative (CSR). A CSR may, for example, provide service to the customer using the electronic device 107 by retrieving, as necessary, one or more diagnostic management objects (MOs) stored in memory of the electronic device 107, and by transmitting to the electronic device 107 from a remote server, update information in the form of, for example, one or more update packages. Such update packages may, for example, comprise instructions to code in the electronic device 107 to convert or transform a first version of software/firmware to a second version of software/firmware, in the electronic device 107, in addition to metadata, and checksum information.
As shown in the illustration of FIG. 1, the network 105 in a representative embodiment of the present invention may comprise the electronic device 107, a device management (DM) server 109, a provisioning server 129, a customer care server 157, a download server 151, and a diagnostics server 131. Although not illustrated in FIG. 1, a representative embodiment of the present invention may also comprise other application servers such as, for example, a diagnostics server, and a self-care website/portal. The electronic device 107 of FIG. 1 is able to communicate with the DM server 109, the download server 151, the customer care server 157, the provisioning server 129, and the diagnostics server 131 via communication paths 143, 153, 155, 145, and 147 respectively. Although the communication paths 143, 153, 155, 145, 147 are illustrated as being separate paths between the electronic device 107 and their respective servers, this is only for purpose of illustration, and is not a specific limitation of a representative embodiment of the present invention. The communication paths 143, 153, 155, 145, 147 may be combined into one or more paths that may comprise wired or wireless communication paths such as, for example, a local area network, a public switched telephone network, a wireless personal, local or wide area network, and a cellular or paging network, to name only a few possibilities.
As illustrated in FIG. 1, an electronic device in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention may comprise a processor 166, random access memory (RAM) 165, and non-volatile memory (NVM) 111. The NVM 111 may comprise, for example, NAND or NOR type flash memory or other suitable type of NVM. The NVM 111 may contain a number of software/firmware code components of the electronic device 107 including, for example, application software 127, a device management (DM) client 163, an update package/update package array 116, a provisioning client 123, a hand-off module 121, an operating system (OS) 119, firmware 117, and one or more update agent(s) 115. Additional software/firmware code components may also be present in the RAM 165 and NVM 111. The term "code" may be used herein to represent one or more of executable instructions, operand data, configuration parameters, and other information stored in memory of the electronic device 107, and the term "update package catalog" may be used interchangeably with the term "update package array" to refer to received update information that comprises multiple update packages.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, an electronic device such as, for example, the electronic device 107 of FIG. 1 may employ an update package (e.g., the update package/update package array 116) delivered by a remote server such as, for example, the download server 151, to update firmware/software, data and configuration information in memory of the electronic device 107. Such an update package may comprise update information including, for example, metadata describing an update, checksums, and instructions executable by one or more update agents such as, for example, the update agent 115 of FIG. 1. The update agent 115 may process a set of executable instructions, which may be used as a compact means to encode differences between existing/first and updated/second versions of firmware, software, data, and configuration parameters for the electronic device 107. The executable instructions may be assembled into update packages to be transmitted to an electronic device for use in updating memory of the electronic device. Update agent(s) in the electronic device may process respective portions of the executable instructions from an update package to convert/transform corresponding portions of an existing/first version of code in memory of the electronic device 107 to portions of an updated/second version of code. The electronic device 107 may also receive provisioning information from, for example, the device management server 109, the customer care server 157, and/or the provisioning server 129 to fix configuration problems or reconfigure software and hardware.
In addition to those elements described above, the electronic device 107 may comprise a downloaded diagnostic client (not shown) that facilitates remote diagnosis, and a traps client (not shown) that facilitates the setting of traps and retrieving of collected information. The DM client 163 of the electronic device 107 may interact with the DM server 109, the diagnostic client, and the traps client, to receive DM commands from the DM server 109 and to implement them in the electronic device 107. The download server 151 may be employed to download firmware and software updates (e.g., update information in the form of, for example, update packages). The download server 151 may also be used to download new firmware/software such as, for example, the diagnostics client mentioned above, which may then be installed and activated in the electronic device 107.
As described briefly above, an electronic device in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention (e.g., electronic device 107) may receive update information (e.g., an update package) for processing by one or more update agents (e.g., update agent 115) to convert/transform software (e.g., application software 127) and/or firmware (e.g., firmware 117) to produce updated software/firmware in the electronic device. In some representative embodiments of the present invention, the update agent 115 may comprise multiple update agents, each of the update agents appropriately arranged to process different types of update information for updating different types/formats of software, firmware, user data, and configuration parameters in the memory of the electronic device 107. Each of the update packages received may be processed in the electronic device by an appropriate one of the update agent(s) 115 to update an associated type of information in the memory of the electronic device 107.
FIG. 2 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary set of functional subsystems 205 that may be employed in a mobile network corresponding to, for example, the network 105 of FIG. 1, that supports services management and service level tracing, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, mobile devices may be managed using a standards-based device management protocol. In an exemplary embodiment, the functional subsystems 205 may include customer care 207, services management 209, services level tracing 211, terminal management 213, service enablement 215, network design/operations 217, automated real-time data collection service 219, FUMO 221, SCOMO 223, configuration 225, DiagMon 227, and OMA DM Protocols and OMA DL Protocols 229. The functional subsystems 205 enable determination of device capability information from a mobile device such as, for example, the electronic device 107 of FIG. 1, wherein the mobile device supports several features and services, and is also enabled to perform firmware/software downloads and installation. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, each of the illustrated subsystems may have corresponding functional elements in both the network (e.g., the network 105) and the mobile device (e.g., the electronic device 107), which operate in a coordinated fashion to perform the indicated function. The mobile device (e.g. electronic device 107) may request customer care services from a customer care server such as, for example, the customer care server 157 of FIG. 1, and may include device capability information as one of the parameters provided to the customer care server 157. A customer service representative (CSR) (not shown) may provide customer care service to the customer/subscriber using the mobile device (e.g. electronic device 107), and may also activate service enablement 215 operations as requested by the customer/subscriber. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the service enablement subsystem 215 may determine what firmware/software/provisioning parameters/data are needed at a server in the network, and in the mobile device, to support delivery of a new service to the mobile device. The service enablement subsystem 215 may employ the SCOMO subsystem 223 and the configuration subsystem 227, for example, to cause servers involved in service delivery, and the mobile device, to be enabled (e.g., have the appropriate firmware/software, provisioning parameters, account information, permissions, network identifiers, etc.) for service delivery.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, network operations servers of a network operations subsystem 217 may monitor the state of deployment of a service, and an automated real-time data collection subsystem 219 may automatically collect real-time data, following deployment of a new service in a network such as, for example, the network 105 of FIG. 1. In addition, the network operations subsystem 217 may be instructed by a service level tracing subsystem 211 to conduct service level tracing for each deployed service, especially when such services are newly or initially deployed.
Examples of management operations that may be conducted by the network 105 upon mobile devices such as the electronic device 107 of FIG. 1 using the functional subsystems 205 include configuration of mobile devices, conducting firmware/software updates upon mobile devices, initiating firmware/software downloads onto mobile devices, and the diagnosing of problems with the mobile devices, to name only a few.
The functional subsystems 205 of the network 105 also support the sending of provisioning information from a customer care server such as the customer care server 157 of FIG. 1, or from a configuration/provisioning server such as the provisioning server 129 of FIG. 1, to a mobile device to fix configuration problems and/or to reconfigure firmware, software and/or hardware in the mobile device (e.g., electronic device 107 of FIG. 1). In a representative embodiment of the present invention, a mobile device in a network such as, for example, the electronic device 107 of network 105 of FIG. 1 may apply one more updates to firmware, software and/or configuration information/parameters using one or more update agents resident in the mobile device, such as the update agent 115 of FIG. 1, for example.
A representative embodiment of the present invention supports a device management (DM) approach in which management objects (MOs) may be created and used for each feature domain or application. Each MO may comprise device capability information for the associated feature or application. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, each feature/application installed in the mobile device may provide device capability information, that may be stored as a MO (e.g., a set of sub-nodes) of a standard management object of a standards-based device management tree such as, for example, as sub-nodes of the "DevDetail" MO in an Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) compatible DM tree in the mobile device (e.g. electronic device 107). The OMA DM protocol has been developed under the direction of the Open Mobile Alliance, Ltd. The device capability information may be retrieved by a DM server such as, for example, the DM server 109 of FIG. 1, or a customer care server such as, for example, the customer care server 157 of FIG. 1, in the form of XML-formatted data, or as an OMA "UAProf"-based device profile, to name two possible mechanisms.
FIG. 3 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary subset of functional subsystems 305 that may correspond by name to those shown in FIG. 2, and that may be used to support services management and service level tracing, in which different functional subsystems cooperate in the process of designing, planning and deploying a service, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3, an exemplary loop of activities involved in service design, planning and deployment, a service management subsystem 309 interacts with a service enablement subsystem 315 to initiate service deployment. In turn, the service enablement subsystem 315 may employ the services of a software component management (SCOMO) subsystem 323 and a configuration subsystem 327 to facilitate software component delivery, installation, and configuration, in addition to establishment of accounts on the mobile device (e.g., electronic device 107), and on a server (e.g., DM server 109, provisioning server 129, or customer care server 157). The SCOMO subsystem 323 and configuration management subsystem 327 may also interact with an OMA-DM protocol subsystem 329, which may provide OMA download (DL) protocol support for firmware/software downloads.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the service management subsystem 309 may interact with network design/network operations subsystem 317 to make it possible to design interactions between network elements for deploying the service(s). The service management subsystem 309 may also set up service monitoring activities that are conducted by the network operations subsystem 317, after a service has been deployed. Service monitoring, facilitated by the network operations subsystem 317, makes it possible to determine details about the user experience with a service, key performance indicators, and impact on network throughput, to name a few possible applications.
In this way, service enablement may drive user experience, and network operations may drive service monitoring, for a typical service deployment. By employing a representative embodiment of the present invention, new services such as new voice services, new data services, new methods of video delivery, multimedia messaging service (MMS), session initiation protocol (SIP)-based voice and data services, for example, may be designed, deployed, monitored and managed in a mobile network such as, for example, the network 105 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary subset of functional subsystems 405 that may correspond by name to those shown in FIG. 2, and that may be employed to support automated data collection from newly configured electronic devices to enable monitoring of a newly deployed service, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, functional subsystems 405 may include services management 409, service enablement 415, network design/operations 417, automated real-time data collection service 419, SCOMO 423, configuration 425, and OMA DM Protocols and OMA DL Protocols 429. As shown in FIG. 4, a server such as, for example, a diagnostics server (e.g., the diagnostics server 131 of FIG. 1) or an automated data collection server (not shown) may receive data collected from within one or more mobile devices (e.g., electronic device 107) that have been provisioned/subscribed to access new services being deployed. The newly subscribed mobile devices may employ an automated data collection subsystem to collect data about the installation, operation, and usage of the newly deployed service, and may reporting the collected data back to, for example, the diagnostics server 131 of FIG. 1, or another server for automated data collection (not shown). The automated collection of data may be enabled or disabled by, for example, the service enablement subsystem 415, when the service is first provisioned into a mobile device (e.g., electronic device 107). Such service provisioning may occur, for example, after a firmware/software download and installation (or, for example, upgrade) associated with the service is completed. Automated data collection from a mobile device such as the electronic device 107 of FIG. 1 may also be turned on by a customer care system such as, for example, the customer care server 157 of FIG. 1, in response to a customer care request or a complaint received by a customer-care representative.
FIG. 4 also illustrates a feedback loop 452 for automatically collecting data that is created during the deployment and use of a new service in the mobile devices of a network such as the network 105 of FIG. 1. Feedback of such deployment-related data makes it possible to, for example, collect data on the efficiency of a deployed solution (e.g., for a service) and collect usage statistics (e.g., to track compute resources consumed, etc.) on consumption of deployed services, to name must two examples. A representative embodiment of the present invention enables a service provider to collect real-time data regarding the consumption of the services deployed on the mobile devices in a network such as the network 105 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary subset of functional subsystems 505 that may correspond by name to those shown in FIG. 2, and that may be employed to provide terminal management services with the help of a terminal management system, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention. In an exemplary embodiment, the functional subsystems 505 may include terminal management 513, FUMO 521, SCOMO 523, configuration 525, and OMA DM Protocols and OMA DL Protocols 529. Terminal management of a mobile device may involve one or more services such as, for example, firmware/software installation, device/service configuration/reconfiguration, virus scan services, device lock, device backup, device restore, and device wipe, to name just a few services. The systems/servers of a network (e.g., the network 105 of FIG. 1) that may be involved in providing terminal management services may include a terminal management server, a FUMO (firmware update) server, a SCOMO server, a configuration server and an OMA-DM protocol server (which may also support or provide OMA download protocols). In a representative embodiment of the present invention, these server functionalities may be provided by any combination of the DM server 109, the provisioning server 129, the download server 151, the customer care server 157 and the diagnostics server 131 shown in the illustration of FIG. 1.
As illustrated in FIG. 5, an exemplary terminal management activity 554 in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention may comprise interactions between a terminal management subsystem 513 and a software component management (SCOMO) subsystem 523, to install a standard set of firmware/software components in a mobile device (e.g., the electronic device 107). Such software component installation may comprise installation of, for example, virus scanning firmware/software, virus scan definition data, email client firmware/software, device configuration firmware/software, and backup firmware/software, to name just a few possible firmware/software components. After the installation of the firmware/software components is complete, an additional terminal management activity 556 may be conducted to set up both server-side (i.e., at the network 105) and client-side (i.e., on the electronic device 107) accounts for the installed firmware/software components (and the associated applications). This terminal management activity 556 may comprise, for example, configuring information for various subscriber accounts such as, for example, email accounts, security parameters such as secure sockets layer (SSL) certificates, and other types of account parameters.
FIG. 6 illustrates the structure of an exemplary management object 617 that may reside in a device management tree in memory of a mobile device such as, for example, the electronic device 107 of FIG. 1, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention. The management object 617 shown in FIG. 6 supports remote and local access to roaming status information as a roaming indicator node extension of a standards-based management object in a mobile device such as the electronic device 107 of FIG. 1. As illustrated in the exemplary arrangement of FIG. 6, a management object of a standard such as the OMA DM protocol may be enhanced by the definition of a sub-node that provides information on the operational status of the mobile device. In the example of FIG. 6, a "Roaming" management object/sub-node 617 has been created as an element/sub-node of the OMA DM standard "./DevInfo" management object 607, so that a remote device management server such as, for example, the DM server 109 of FIG. 1, may detect whether the mobile device is currently roaming (i.e., outside of its home service area). The OMA DM standard "./DevInfo" management object 607 represents device information that is similar to that of the "./DevInfo". management object described in the OMA DM standard developed by the Open Mobile Alliance, Ltd.
A representative embodiment of the present invention enhances the "./DevInfo" management object specified by, for example, the OMA DM 1.2 standard, by providing a node in the management tree in which the roaming status of a mobile device (e.g., the electronic device 107) is made available/displayed. For example, a roaming node in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention may be provided under the optional OMA DM vendor extension node "Ext", making it possible to show to a DM server (e.g., the DM server 109) whether the mobile device is roaming. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, client firmware/software in the mobile device (e.g., the electronic device 107) such as, for example, the DM client 163 of FIG. 1 (or, for example, some other client firmware/software in the mobile device), may be responsible for setting the value of the roaming node (e.g., the "Roaming" management object/sub-node 617 shown in FIG. 6) appropriately during operation. In one representative embodiment of the present invention, the value of the roaming node may, for example, be set to "Y" or "N", with "./DevInfo/Ext/Roaming" set to "Y" to indicate that the mobile device is currently roaming, and to "N" to indicate that the mobile device is currently being served in its home service area. In another representative embodiment of the present invention, the value of the roaming node may be set to 1 or 0, with roaming set to 1 to indicate that the mobile device is currently roaming, and to 0 to indicate that it is currently being served in its home service area. Other values for such a roaming indicator node are possible and contemplated.
In one representative embodiment of the present invention, a "./DevInfo" management object, in which the basic structure has been defined by the OMA DM protocol standard and which is enhanced in accordance with the present invention by the addition of the roaming indicator node, may be sent from the mobile device to a device management server (e.g., the DM server 109 of FIG. 1) at the beginning of each device management session. In this way, the device management server may determine whether the mobile device is roaming, based on the value of the roaming indicator node, "./DevInfo/Ext/Roaming", for example. If the DM server (e.g., the DM server 109) determines that the mobile device is roaming, the DM server may elect to not conduct a particular device management operation. This permits the device management server to avoid imposing the potentially high cost of roaming charges incurred during any device management activities.
In another representative embodiment of the present invention, the DM server may determine that the mobile device is roaming, and may conduct only simple management operations such, for example, as setting parameter values or changing configurations. The device management server (e.g., DM server 109) may choose not to conduct complicated and/or data intensive management operations such as firmware updates and software updates, thus avoiding the possibly high air time charges typically imposed by wireless service providers upon subscribers that roam into their service areas.
In yet another representative embodiment, the DM server may request the user's approval or permission before conducting device management operations when the mobile device is in a roaming situation.
As described above, the value of a roaming indicator node in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention (which is like a flag) may be set by a DM client, or by another client in the mobile device, and may be conveyed to a DM server in the serving network, at the start of or during each session. The DM client may determine (e.g., from other applications in the mobile device, for example) whether the mobile device is roaming, and may set the value of a roaming indicator management object/sub-node in a device management tree, accordingly. When needed, this MO value may be retrieved by the DM server by issuing, for example, an OMA DM "Get" operation on the "./DevInfo/Ext/Roaming" management object/sub-node.
Although the location of the roaming indicator management object/sub-node is described above with reference to the OMA DM "DevInfo" MO, other MOs may be used instead (or as the site of additional roaming indicators) under which to create such an extension of the device management protocol, for the same or similar purpose.
It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon reading and understanding this disclosure, that other operational parameters and data in electronic devices may also be made remotely accessible using the innovative technique described herein.
FIG. 7 is a perspective block diagram of an exemplary network 705 for managing electronic devices in which a device management server 711 uses both an OMA-DM-compliant protocol 715 as well as a proprietary or light-weight protocol 717 to manage mobile devices 707, 709, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention. The terms "heavy-weight" and "light-weight" are used herein to refer, respectively, to those protocols that are higher-overhead or less efficient for a given task, versus those that are lower overhead or more efficient for the same task. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, all mobile devices 707, 709, whether managed using OMA-DM-compliant protocols or other alternative management protocols, may employ the same or a similar set of management objects and result codes. In the illustration of FIG. 7, the DM server 711 employs the OMA-DM-compliant protocol 715 (e.g., the OMA DM 1.2 protocol), which happens to be a "heavy-weight" protocol based on XML, to interact with and manipulate management objects in the device A 707. The DM server 711 of FIG. 7 also employs an alternate device management protocol 717 (e.g., a proprietary protocols, or standard protocol such as the hypertext transport protocol "http"), which happens to be a "light-weight" protocol and not necessarily based on XML, to interact with and manipulate management objects in the device B 709.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the same or a similar set of standard management objects such as, for example, those defined as firmware management objects (FUMO), software component management objects (SCOMO), the "./DevInfo" management object, and the "./DevDetail" management object may be supported by both of the mobile devices 707, 709. However, in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention, the means to remotely manipulate them may be different with a different transport mechanism for management actions being employed, as in the example of FIG. 7, in which the OMA DM protocol 715 is employed for device management of mobile device A 707 and an alternative protocol is employed for device management for mobile device B 709. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the results codes and additional state information provided by the mobile devices 707, 709 to the DM server 711 may be the same for the same conditions, as those defined by, for example, the OMA DM and/or other device management protocol standards.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the service enablement and service management aspects of both of the mobile devices 707 and 709 may be similar, in spite of the fact that the actual device management protocols employed by the DM server 711 are different but appropriate for different mobile devices. Thus, as long as a mobile device supports management objects as defined by a device management protocol standard, the management objects may be managed by a DM server in accordance with a representative embodiment of the present invention, regardless of the DM protocols used as a transport layer to interact with the mobile device.
Aspects of the present invention may be found in a handheld electronic device comprising at least one non-volatile memory having stored therein one or both of firmware and software; and at least one processor operably coupled to the non-volatile memory. The at least one processor may, during operation, at least store operating status information of the handheld electronic device as a sub-node of a standards-defined device management object in a device management tree in the non-volatile memory, and may wirelessly receive, from at least one remote server via a communication network, a request for the operating status information, the request communicated according to a device management protocol standard. The at least one processor may also wirelessly transmit the requested operating status information to the at least one remote server. In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the handheld electronic device may comprise one of a mobile handset, a cellular phone, and a converged device supporting both a cellular network and a wireless local area network commonly referred to as a WiFi network. The operating status information may be expressed as extensible markup language (XML) when transmitted. The operating status information may be stored as a sub-node or part of a device management object defined in the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) Version 1.2 or earlier protocol specification, and the operating status information may be representative of roaming status of the handheld electronic device. The non-volatile memory may comprise flash type memory, and the communication network may comprise a public communication network.
Further aspects of the present invention may be seen in a system for managing service deployment in a plurality of handheld electronic devices. Such a system may comprise at least one server. The at least one server may comprise at least one interface enabling communication with the plurality of handheld electronic devices via a wireless communication network, and at least one processor operably coupled to the at least one interface and at least one memory. The at least one processor may function during operation to, among other things, receive operating status information for one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices via the wireless communication network in accordance with a device management protocol standard, and determine whether an operating condition for the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices is met; based upon the operating status information. In an exemplary embodiment, the operating status information may indicate at least whether the handheld electronic device is roaming. The at least one processor may also function during operation to, among other things, initiate a device management session with the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices, if the operating condition is met. The plurality of handheld electronic devices may comprise one of a mobile handset and a cellular phone, and the received operating status information is communicated as extensible markup language (XML). The device management protocol standard may be the device management protocol referred to as the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) Version 1.2 or earlier protocol. The operating status information may be representative of roaming status of the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices, and the operating condition may be that the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices is not roaming.
In a representative embodiment of the present invention, the initiated device management session may download update information used to update one or more of firmware, software and/or configuration information to the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices, and the communication network may comprises a public communication network. The at least one processor may further function, during operation, to at least accept a request to deploy a communication service to the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices, and determine actions enabling deployment of the communication service to the one of the plurality of electronic devices. The at least one processor may also function, during operation, to at least exchange communication in accordance with a device management protocol standard with the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices, via the communication network, to perform the actions determined to enable deployment of the communication service to the one of the plurality of handheld electronic devices.
Still other aspects of the present invention may be observed in a handheld electronic device comprising at least one non-volatile memory having stored therein one or both of firmware and software, and at least one processor operably coupled to the non-volatile memory. The at least one processor may, during operation, at least wirelessly exchange communication in accordance with a device management protocol standard with at least one remote server, via a communication network, to perform actions determined to enable deployment of a communication service to the handheld electronic device. The at least one processor may also, during operation, at least automatically collect real-time information on user consumption of the deployed communications service, and wirelessly transmit the collected real-time information on user consumption of the deployed communications service to the at least one remote server. The handheld electronic device may comprise one of a mobile handset and a cellular phone, and the device management protocol standard may be the device management protocol referred to as the Open Mobile Alliance (OMA) Device Management (DM) Version 1.2 or earlier protocol. The communication network may comprise a public communication network.
Although a system and method according to the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to be limited to the specific form set forth herein, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternative, modifications, and equivalents, as can be reasonably included within the scope of the invention as defined by this disclosure and appended diagrams.


text:
Thomas Honored by Micropalaeontology Society
Ellen Thomas holds two enlarged samples of microfossils in her lab at Wesleyan. Thomas was recently awarded a medal for her research efforts.
For her outstanding efforts in pioneering studies in micropalaeontology and natural history, The Micropalaeontological Society (TMS) awarded Wesleyan's Ellen Thomas with the 2016 Brady Medal.
The Brady Medal is TMS's most prestigious honor and is awarded to scientists who have had a major influence on micropalaeontology by means of a substantial body of research.
Thomas was honored for "communicating to an extremely broad audience fascinating, impactful and often thought-provoking research" and "academic encouragement of students and peers over the years with [her] generosity of time in a very busy and successful career," noted TMS President F. John Gregory.
Thomas, research professor of earth and environmental sciences and the University Professor in the College of Integrative Sciences, investigates the impact of changes in environment and climate on living organisms on various time scales, with the common focal point of benthic foraminifera (eukaryotic unicellular organisms). She studies their assemblages, as well as trace element and isotope composition of their shells. Foraminifera live in salt or at least brackish water, so she concentrates her research on the oceans, from the deep sea up into tidal salt marshes.
The Brady Medal is cast in bronze.
The Micropalaeontological Society exists "to advance the education of the public in the study of Micropalaeontology" and is operated "exclusively for scientific and educational purposes and not for profit". It was initiated as The British Micropalaeontological Group in 1970.
The Brady Medal is named in honor of George Stewardson Brady (1832-1921) and Henry Bowman Brady (1835-1891) in recognition of their outstanding pioneering studies in micropalaeontology.
Read more about Ellen Thomas in these past News @ Wesleyan articles.
Tags:Earth and Environmental Sciences Ellen Thomas faculty achievements
← Thomas's Research on Marine Biota during a Period of Rapid Global Warming Published
Nominate Wesleyan Professors for Binswanger Prize for Excellence in Teaching →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Red Cow Moran 4 star Hotel in Dublin is recognised as one of the most conveniently situated Hotels, located at the Red Cow Intersection which is the gateway to Ireland's provinces.
One of the best located Hotels in Dublin just off the M50 and N7, the Red Cow Moran Hotel is accessible from all parts of the country, in addition to Dublin City Centre, Dublin Airport and Heuston and Connolly train stations.
Maintaining a prominent position it has recently being upgraded to increase it's capacity in many areas. Facilities for conferences, events, weddings, business meetings and many more 4* Bedrooms with en-suits make it a very affordable hotel.
The Red Cow Moran Dublin Hotel boasts luxury hotel accommodation in Dublin, and therefore a choice the TS 9205 highly engineered Door Closer was a must for all ages to operate. With it's easy to open, soft close abilities, vary power adjustments made it an essential item on the different sized doors and door ways.
When it comes to door controls for ease of access and re known high engineering Rutland Trading Co Ltd have your interest at heart.


Someone sent this video to me as a means to saying Romney isn't a "real conservative." I'm curious to see if any of you agree with this analysis, and why. Please post your thoughts below.
Romney has become more conservative on this issue as the science has become stronger towards the pro-life side. He came to his stance in 1994 based upon his personal family experiences, and has since been exposed to more of the realities involved in abortion. His main points in this debate were 1) not wanting to impose his ideals on others; and 2) abiding by the laws of the country - cornerstones of our Republic. We are a nation of laws (a republic, not a democracy) and, regardless of how you feel, they must be obeyed and respected. Legislation can change them if need be, but until that occurs, they must be followed.
Gay rights in the 90s wasn't so much about gay marriage like it is today (of which Romney does not support). It was a fight for equality as human beings - a civil rights issue, and one that he was able to identify with early on. Someone's sexuality does not affect their worth as a person, and that's what he was supporting. There wasn't any conflict between supporting the Boy Scouts and supporting gay rights because he defers to one of the same cornerstones as mentioned in his abortion response - the non-imposition of his views on others. The boy scouts are not any different as far as their membership requirements than most churches - he states his personal beliefs on the issues (inclusion of all regardless of sexual orientation), but defers to the Boy Scouts for making their own decisions in their operations without government involvement. He states that he will fight for gay rights, which once has commenced, would carry over into the Boy Scouts. Until there is a legal obligation for the Boy Scouts to change their policy, Romney defers to the law and respects their decision that they've made for their organization.
I have to review the rest of the debate. I've seen it before, and his Reagan comment didn't raise any red flags for me then so...I think there's some editing wizardry in action here. The evidence for that would be Romney's comment, "This is not a political issue", which tells me that Kennedy was trying to pit a social issue on an economic policy that Romney was supporting. Reagan was a wild card in 1980 - not everyone who is on board with his policies now was on board during his campaign. Over time, we've seen the good that came out of it, and as his accomplishments have been whittled away by bureacracy over the years....many politicians are standing firmer behind Reaganism...Romney included. I think that Romney will go beyond what Reagan did economically - again, I'd have to see the rest of the debate to fully comment on why he seems to have thrown Reagan under the bus here.
Mostly agree that it has been a transformation.
For the record, he may be my third chice right now for 2012 behind Palin and Pawlenty. I was a captain in his gubernatorial campaign. I supported him in 2008.
Its a little ridiculous to hold someone accountable to statements they made 15 years ago.
There is a difference between gay rights as it was presented in the 1990s and the more militant gay rights movement now.
From someone in the center of it all, Romney wasa stalwart aainst gay marriage. Anything you read to the contrary is slanderous.
He may have been a little more opportunistic on abortion. But I fel his pain a little. There are many conservatives in Blue states that either have to bite their tongues a little or compromise.
At worst, Romney is a typical poltician. They all run to the base during the primaries and then tack to the center for the general. There is nothing unusual about his opportunism.


We place qualified Physicians, Dentists, Nurse Practitioners, and Physician Assistants in Community & Migrant Health Center positions in Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.
Beyond the amazing benefits provided, you can be proud that you are serving those who are in the greatest need of your unique skills.
We are as passionate about our region as we are about our clinics. The Northwest is a beautiful place to work and play, with opportunities in in every type of community imaginable.
We strive every day to be sure that you will be placed in an environment that is just right for you. We take the time to get to know you as a practicing clinician and match you with only those positions that suite your individual needs.


Let's face it- shopping for your boyfriend/ husband/ brother is hard. For women out who has faced the difficulties of buying clothes for the men in their lives, we all know which part is the hardest - getting the perfect fit and style. But fear not- today I want to talk about my recent experience with Centre Front, a simple, affordable and hassel-free shop that sells young, trendy and modern men's clothing for all shapes and sizes.
A bit about Centre Front- the brand aims to bridge the gap between the expensive high-street brands and the younger, trendier styles seen on various celebrity magazines. I would describe Centre Front's aesthetics as simple, clean, manly and casual. They sell men's trousers, tees, sweatshirts and jeans, and their range of items are all carefully selected and designed to make sure it reflects the latest trends. Seriously, think Ryan Gosling or Ryan Reynolds - the shop sells their styles of clothing, and many more!
Here are 3 essential Men's trousers that any guy should own - all of them are from Centre Front and I'm going to review them for you below.
1) Blue jeans- who can live without a nice pair of fitting jeans? Centre Front sells men's jeans that comes in all shapes and sizes. They have tapered black and blue jeans for the a sleeker look, but also stock a more relaxed fit to suit guys who doesn't want their trousers too slim. I got the tapered blue jeans in a Rinse wash, which means that it's pretty dark but still looks blue and modern. I chose this tapered fit because it looks more modernised, and I have to say, the quality of these jeans are fantastic!
The jeans fits my man perfectly, and isn't too long or too short. The dark rinse also lends itself well to washes, and looks super sleek with a pair of boots or loafers. I'm very impressed with Centre Front's website as it's super easy to browse and order your favourite items!
2) Tapered Navy Trousers- if there's one thing that my man needs in his wardrobe, it's probably this navy tapered trousers. Navy is a versatile colour because you can wear it to work and casual events, without everyone giving you strange looks. The quality and fit of these pants are once again amazing. They fit perfectly and tapers really nicely at the calves, giving any guy a slimmer and stylish look.
I think for men's clothes, fit is most important, so I'm so happy that all of their pieces are tailored to fit a man's body. I think every man should own a pair of blue trousers and this pair from Centre Front really captures that perfectly styled look!
3) Tapered Trousers in Tan- another must-have for men is a pair of tan trousers. This is literally the most versatile and stylish item any guy can own, as it can be paired with any top or t-shirt and still look put together and stylish. For this pair of pants, I found the fit particularly pleasing as the tapered fit gives a nice, slim silhouette and makes the trousers perfectly tailored and neat. Personally, I really love the colour because it's light enough to give off a fresh vibe, and pairs well with a turtleneck or an overcoat.
Again the quality of Centre Front never disappoints, and this pair of trousers is also super affordable and priced very reasonably. Every pair of trousers also comes with a little replacement button, so that's really useful if your man breaks his clothes easily!
I hope you found this review useful, because I think these 3 pairs of trousers are wardrobe essentials for every man out there. There's nothing that doesn't go well with navy, tan and blue jeans. The simplicity and ease of use of Centre Front's site impresses me greatly, and I'd definitely shop here again.


LightSpeed IS (Information Systems) specializes in Data Storage, Protection, Management and Virtualization Solutions for mid-market and enterprise organizations. We are dedicated in working with our clients to help resolve business issues through the smarter implementation and use of technology. Strengthening organizations by leveraging their technology investments to improve efficiency and maintain a competitive advantage. Our customers find our years of experience, depth of knowledge and skill sets an invaluable resource for them. You will find our straight forward and honest approach refreshing, and immediately recognize that we are working in the best interest for you and your company. We strive to develop a genuine partner relationship and be a true extension of your staff.


A man who set fire to his ex-girlfriend's kitchen after rampaging through her house has been jailed.
Violent thug Mark Baird became enraged when he saw his ex-partner had moved on and got a new boyfriend.
'Dangerous' Baird went around to his ex's address, in Sunderland, and 'rampaged' through the house – before he set a coat alight on the oven hob in her kitchen.
The defendant also smashed up the address of the victim's father, vandalising his TV, doors, furniture and kicked in the door of his car.
Newcastle Crown Court heard he also doused the parents of someone who owed him money in petrol.
The 25-year-old was jailed for four years.
Baird, of Chester-le-Street admitted administering poison or other noxious things, theft of petrol, arson and two counts of criminal damage.
Prosecutor Mark Giuliani said: 'In the victim person statement the complainant's father said he was fearful for his life and the life of his daughter through the course of the incident.
Baird was one of three defendants who doused the couple in petrol over an alleged £50 debt.
Co-accused Scott Renny, 27, and Steven Adams, 32, went with Baird to the couple's house.
A Washington couple were confronted by the group over claims their son owed £50, which had risen to over £100 as a result of 'exorbitant interest'.


text:
Densho Digital Archive
Densho Visual History Collection
Title: Rudy Tokiwa Interview II
Narrator: Rudy Tokiwa
Interviewers: Tom Ikeda (primary), Judy Niizawa (secondary)
Location: Honolulu, Hawaii
Date: July 2 & 3, 1998
Densho ID: denshovh-trudy-02-0060
<Begin Segment 60>
JN: You did the drug program, too.
RT: Yeah. And I used to do drug programs. But like I say, it still goes to show that I was, I was (one of the six) Western Hemisphere (directors) of the Boy Scouts (of America). And I had good backing all the time. But then the Caucasians that were up on top, they didn't like the idea of an (Asian American) comin' up the ladder like that. So they were the ones that started to give me a hard time. We had a meeting, we were having a Boy Scouts of America Western Divisional Meeting in Salt Lake City. And at that time, I had forgotten to do something. So the tops of the Boy Scouts of the Western Hemisphere were gonna boot me out. And there was all kinds of arguments for me. All the other guys, "No, this guy, he's showing what the program should be like. Not just the big wheels up on top get all the glory and everything. He's makin' it so everybody gets the glory, and the kids take the advantage of it." And so finally, while it's not very democratic, they booted me out. So I said, "Okay, fine, I'm ready to leave." So I folded everything up, and I left. And three-fourth of the people there walked out, too.
TI: What year was this? When did this happen?
[Interruption]
RT: Well, Butch had to be about twelve, thirteen.
JN: So this was about thirty years back. Would have been (around 1964 - 1965).
TI: So the '60s, late '60s.
RT: Yeah. So I was real surprised, because I thought I'd be the only guy walkin' out. Oh, I start walkin' out, and I hear all kinds of noise behind me, and I turned around, and everybody's gettin' up and they're walkin' out. We get out in front, and one guy takes, gets up there, and he says, "Wait a minute. I wanna talk. Mr. Tokiwa, I want you up here besides me." He says, "I know all them guys sittin' in there all big shots. And they think they can push us around. But we're the little guys that has to do all the work. And we don't intend to let them push us around. So Mr. Tokiwa, will you continue?" So I came back with, "Well, I will continue, but I didn't wanna be so high up." Because now when you get up into that position, you're working with people that, they don't even know what a Japanese looks like. And they think that everybody that, up there has gotta have a lotta money, you can buy whatever you want, do whatever you want. And I wasn't in that class. So I came back down, and I became a scoutmaster and everything.
And it was funny, because, you see, one thing I think where all the kids really came to the point where they respected me was, in the scouting program they have such a thing as a swimming program. And when you have the swimming program, you have the Swimaree, in other words, a big outing. Well, we never had those. And the reason why we never had 'em was because the regional scout headquarters wouldn't let you, allow it. Because they say, "Well, it's too much chance of some kid going out there and gettin' drowned." So I thought about it, and I says, "Well, I still wanna put a Swimaree on." They said, "Nope. That's out." So I says, "Okay, fine." And I started thinkin' about it. Like I say, I, when my mind gets goin', sometimes I go overboard. I says, "Well, hell, in the scouting program, any scout troop could always put any kinda program they want on and invite anybody they want to it." So I went and talked to some of the scoutmasters, and I said, "Why (don't) you, 211, you put the Swimaree on? And you invite all the other scout troops to join you as your guest." "Oh," then everybody, "oh, that's great." Because like I always said, told them, "I don't understand is, they make us teach you guys about safety around water, but they don't let you put it in practice." So I made up my mind, "Well, we're gonna have this Swimaree then."
So we, 211 put it on and invited all the other troops, and we had over 2,000 kids out there. Well, then it came out the scout headquarters, "Hey, we got this guy nailed." And they came out and they said, "Insurance. You don't have insurance on this program, because scout headquarters will not insure it." So I looked at 'em, and I said, "What do you mean, they're not covered?" They said, "No, you're not covered, because we haven't insured you." I said, "Hell, you guys ain't the only ones that can have, go get insurance. I cover every boy that's in this Scoutaree (area event), Swimaree. They're all insured." And I says, "I trust 'em, because I know these scouts are gonna practice what we preach as a protection. So I don't have to worry about it." And you know, we put that thing on for somethin' like six years. And we put it on the same way.
JN: Isn't it at San Luis Dam?
RT: Yeah. You know where San Luis Dam is?
JN: San Luis.
RT: It's a big, huge dam.
TI: That's a good story. Yeah.
RT: Yeah. We put it on for the longest time. Never had no problems.
<End Segment 60> - Copyright © 1998 Densho. All Rights Reserved.


text:
from collections import deque
import ledfont
from font_util import *

# Panel array of scrolling lines
class TextPanel:

    # Init with message, color pairs
    def __init__(self, pairs = []):
        self._lines = []
        self._nlines = len(pairs)
        for i in range(self._nlines):
            self._lines.append(HorizText(pairs[i][0], pairs[i][1]))

    # Get line
    def get_line(self, i):
        return self._lines[i]

    # Scroll all lines left
    def scroll(self):
        for i in range(self._nlines):
            self._lines[i].scroll()

# Horizontal text scroll object.  Streams horizontally, maintaining
# a FIFO queue of pixel bit columns.  Other state: the message text,
# color, replacment (next) message.
class HorizText:

    # Init with message
    def __init__(self, msg = None, color = None):
        self._height = 8
        self._message = msg
        self._color = color
        self._wrapped_message_space = 5
        self._fontmap = ledfont.FONT_MAP
        self._cursor = 0
        self._bitcols = deque()
        self._curline = deque()

        # Init current line
        for i in range(32):
            self._curline.append(self.get_bitcol())

    # Return current line bit columns
    def get_line_bitcols(self):
        return self._curline

    # Get the color
    def get_color(self):
        return self._color

    # Scroll current line left
    def scroll(self):
        self._curline.popleft()
        self._curline.append(self.get_bitcol())

    # Shift pixel column for this scrolling line and return next one
    def get_bitcol(self):
        if not self._message:
            self._bitcols.append(0)
        # If need to get more pixel columns, get and append
        elif not self._bitcols:
            (letter, wrapped) = self._fetch_letter()
            bitcol_arr = get_letter_bitcols(letter)
            for bc in bitcol_arr:
                self._bitcols.append(bc)
            # Also append inter-letter blank column
            self._bitcols.append(0)
            if wrapped:
                for wrapcol in range(self._wrapped_message_space):
                    self._bitcols.append(0)
        return self._bitcols.popleft()

    # Set the message for line #i
    def set_message(self, msg):
        self._message = msg
        self._cursor = 0

    # Fetch the next letter from message #i
    def _fetch_letter(self):
        result = self._message[self._cursor]
        self._cursor += 1
        # Wrap around to beginning of message
        wrapped = False
        if self._cursor >= len(self._message):
            self._cursor = 0
            wrapped = True
        return (result, wrapped)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Kaizen Naturals - Naturally Clean Nutrition.
Kaizen Naturals® BCAA Green Apple now available! Made without artificial colours, flavours, or sweeteners, it's sure to fit seamlessly into your clean lifestyle.
Kaizen Naturals® is manufactured and distributed in Winnipeg, Manitoba. We are committed to supporting the local economy and growing our community.
We are committed to pushing ourselves to do better and be better for our consumers. It's how we approach each day and why we choose to pursue NSF certification.


We had the sequence 1NT–2D–2H–4NT–5H–6H.
We made the 6H slam and got a joint top for that so it worked very well.
No one agreed with me. All I can do is quote Robson.
ace asking. – but a quantitative slam try' .
I have no idea why this is the case.
The auction you gave is the SAME as 1NT - 4NT except that, just before the 4NT bid, the responder let the opener know that the responder had a 5-card heart suit. To ask for aces here, use Gerber.
Gerber is used immediately after an opening bid of 1NT or 2NT or after either of these bids is followed by Stayman or a transfer. In general, after 4NT, the responder either passes with a minimum or bids 6NT (or, if there is a heart fit, 6H) with a maximum. With a middle hand, opener makes a non-jump bid of 4-card minors up the line (no need to check for 4-card majors since responder here did not use Stayman.
Under no circumstances should the reply to a quantitative 4NT be the number of aces.
4NT here is not RKCB as the suit has not been agreed. Opener has been forced to bid hearts. He may have only two hearts. If responder is interested in a heart slam opposite two hearts then playing our system he would bid 3H in response to opener's 1NT, showing slam interest with 5+ hearts. He would not want the weaker hand to be declarer.
The meaning of 4NT depends on the rest of your system agreements with partner. But in standard Acol, 4NT after a transfer is a quantitative bid. Showing about 19-20 HCP and exactly a five-card heart suit.
If you wish to set trumps, with a six-card or longer hearts and then ask for aces the recommended approach is to respond 3H over the 1NT opening. In Acol, this jump to 3H sets trumps (hearts), shows a six-card heart suit, is unconditionally forcing to game and expresses slam interest. If responder bids 4NT at the next bid it will Blackwood (Roman Key-card Blackwood if you play this).


Tiled Kitchen with 42 inch Upgraded Cabinetry with crown molding, Cooking island, Microwave, Oven, Dishwasher, and Refrigerator, Master with separate his/her walk-in closets, his/her vanities, and Jacuzzi, Large Family room with built-in wooden shelves and Gas Fireplace, Carpeted and Tiled, Ceiling Fans, blinds and sheer draperies, Security System, Inside Utility with washer and dryer hook-up, 2 Car Garage, Screened porch. The exterior is beautifully landscaped, Tile roof, Community Pool. Call Ann Varkey for more details.
Large Master Bath with Dual sinks, walk-in closet with floor to cieling mirrored sliding doors, oversized jacuzzi tub, French doors in Master and Family room opening to lanai, Chair rail molding, GE Appliances, Custom blinds, Ceiling fans, tinted windows througout. Ceramic Tile, Recessed lighing, bullnose corners. Upgraded carpet and padding in newer condition. Tile roof, newly sealed brick paved driveway, Mature landscaping. Screened lanai with heated pool and spa. Entire house is wired for high speed with On Q system. Security system. Call Ann Varkey today Located in a prestigious 24 Gated and Guarded community in Dr. Phillips. Community features include a clubhouse, fitness center, and pool.
Brand new home located on premium lake front on Big Sandlake. Also a lake view from front rooms. Never used state of the art theatre with 1124 sq. ft. plus a large balcony. Call Ann Varkey for many more details.
Enjoy the lake front in Dr. Phillips area. 24 hours guarded and gated community. 5 bedroom home plus a bonus room and 4 1/2 bath.
Originally priced at $694,000. Don't miss out on this new great price!!
Downstairs Master BR, Large Bonus Room, Upgraded Tiles, 42 inch Cabinets with Molding.
Close to Orlando�s Fine Dining, Shopping, & Theme parks.
This single story home built in 1981 has 3 bedrooms, 2 full baths, 1 half baths and is approximately 3036 sq. ft. Rooms include a family room, master bedroom, and bonus room. This home has a 2 car garage. Recreation amenities include hot tub/spa.
7008 Phillips Cove Court is now a SHORT SALE for $474,900 See MLS for details.
If first impressions are important and you want a home that will take your breath away with lavish details and extensive upgrades, this home is exactly what you are looking for!
Upgraded kitchen with Granite counter tops and island with veggie sink, Custom 42�� custom cabinetry with crown molding, tiled back splash, and walk-in pantry. Elegant Living room with two�way gas fireplace and butler�s pantry. Large Family room with gas fireplace overlooking sparkling pool and spa. Grand Master with a walk-in closet and sitting area. Elegant Master bath with a jacuzzi, a large walk in closet with organizer, and separate his/her vanities. 6th bedroom which includes a full bath, closet, built in shelving and desk; can be potential study. The home entails travertine marble, volume ceilings, extensive crown molding detail, plantation shutters, security system, surround sound, water softener, outside playground, and a three car side entry garage with circular driveway. Large Lanai with heated pool and spa, summer kitchen, and patio.
This 24 hour gated and guarded community includes a playground, gazebo, basket ball and tennis court. The community provides convenience to Orlando�s finest dining, shopping, and attractions.
Breath taking view. 24 hour guarded and gated community. Single Family Property, Subdivision: ESTATES AT PHILLIPS LANDING, Year built: 1999, Lake, Waterfront property, Central air conditioning, Swimming pool, Fireplace(s), Study/den. Call Ann Varkey for more details.


CanGEA is happy to see our messaging that Canada's existing oil and gas drilling expertise can develop geothermal is being taken up by the Federal government. Also, the recognition that geothermal delivers reliable power is another pillar of CanGEA's messaging that we are pleased to see recognized. CanGEA does contest that geothermal is a mid-range solution, as there are multiple member projects poised to build once the tax and regulatory environment is fair, but that is why we need all our members to keep telling their elected leaders that Canada wants geothermal today.
Again, Northern renewable heat and power is a major messaging point CanGEA has been pushing forward and we happy to see it recognized. There is no geothermal power in Canada yet but with ongoing positive messaging from CanGEA, made possible by support by our members, we are getting closer.


Born in the Turkish town of Ushak, Coplu's journey as an artist began when he was a young child. His mother, a weaver, taught him about figures, the meanings of patterns and also the profound, emotional effectiveness of color.
The sixties and seventies were periods of optimism, socialism and humanism in Turkey but the 80's brought very difficult political and social events. In response to censorship and oppression of freedom of expression he began to draw cartoons. His passion for drawing grew as he was studying to become a mining engineer at Istanbul University, but he found he could not keep his mind on his studies while it was completely occupied with social issues. He witnessed great turmoil in his day-to-day life which he documented in his art and it was not long before his art became more important to him than his studies.
His first tool was a carved stick that he used while he was studying to become a mining engineer. "My heart could not remain on my studying while my mind was occupied with political issues. I was witnessing a huge turmoil in my environment and documenting it through my art. Soon, art became more important to me than the study of rocks and soil."
Coplu participated in his first art exhibition in Istanbul in 1984, followed by many solo exhibitions in Turkey and group exhibitions in Italy, Japan, France, Germany, Belgium, Russia, Spain, USA and Canada. His illustrations have been published in numerous magazines, newspapers, books and catalogues both in Turkey and across Europe. Since his first international recognition in 1989 with the Nasreddin Hodja International Cartoon Competition Special Talent Award, he has received 25 awards in national and international competitions, including second prize in cartoon competition in Okhotsk - Japan.
He contributed cartoons to the Turkish Daily News for over five years and established an Open Air Cartoon Exhibition Space and the Cartoon School of Antalya. Under the auspices of these institutions he taught many pupils the art of seeing the humorous side of life. Constantly exploring forms of visual art, the artist developed his own style of painting and has been painting for years.The subjects of his paintings are always human beings and the environment they are part of, mirroring their feelings, beliefs, thoughts, fears and experiences.


4-bedroom family home at Kalynda Chase. Newly painted, with air-conditioning and ceiling fans throughout, built in robes to bedrooms and main with walk in robe and ensuite. Main bathroom has a plunge bath and separate toilet. Kitchen has a servery to the outdoor patio which overlooks beautifully maintained parklands. Fully fenced yard with rear access to parklands. Children's playground within walking distance via rear gate.
Available from 07 August 2018, short term lease from 5 months available.


Calamine lotion is very effective in treating some skin problems. It is sold by various brands and is easily available in the market. Here are the details of uses of the soothing calamine lotion.
Calamine lotion is commonly used to treat various skin problems. Calamine, which contains a mixture of zinc oxide and iron(III) oxide, makes an effective topical treatment for some skin disorders. It is available as a water-based lotion, oil-based lotion and water-based cream. Calamine lotion is usually pinkish-white in color and has a creamy consistency. Though it is sold under various brand names, it's primarily a generic drug available over-the-counter in many countries. It is a preparation which belongs to the anti-pruritics class of medicines. Now that you got an overview of what calamine lotion is, let us move on to know about its uses.
Let me tell you that calamine lotion offers an effective remedy for eczema. Zinc oxide in this lotion has several properties, that makes it a perfect topical treatment for eczema. It is not water-soluble, absorbs moisture, and hence keeps your skin dry, which is why it is an effective cure for eczema. Apart from this, calamine has astringent and antiseptic properties which are particularly good for curing severe eczema.
If you want quick relief from acne, calamine lotion is the thing to opt for. It effectively clears off acne and even the severe form of acne, known as cystic acne. Calamine lotion when applied on acne (best before going to bed), helps soothe irritated and swollen skin. It is also known to be effective in treating blackheads, which is also a form of acne. Calamine lotion uses also include fading blemishes and dark spots.
Contact dermatitis, a skin condition that occurs when your skin comes in contact with an irritant or if you are allergic to a substance, can be treated with calamine lotion. This allergy causing substance can be just anything, from soaps and detergents to some plants as well. Calamine lotion uses include treatment of skin rash that you might get from poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac. Regular application of the same soothes your skin and reduces itching. Apart from this, body rashes caused due to excessive sweating can also be treated with calamine lotion.
Sunburn often leads to itching and redness of skin. Both these problems are caused due to excessive exposure to sunrays. You will be surprised to know that calamine lotion also cures skin damage caused due to the harsh sunrays. Calamine has a cooling effect which makes it an effective treatment for this problem. It absorbs excess heat from the surface of your skin, leaves it cool and soothes itching and redness. Calamine cream absorbs UVA and UVB, and helps protect your skin from sunburn and suntan. Hence, it is a commonly used ingredient in many sunscreen products. Apart from these uses of calamine, it is also applied on minor burns.
These were some prominent uses of calamine lotion. Apart from these, you can use it to cure boils and red spots. It can also be used to soothe rash and irritation caused due to mosquito bites and for treating diaper rash. It is best to consult a doctor before using it on children's skin, as it might cause allergic reaction on their skin.


text:
Q: How do I resolve file permissions issue in laravel sail Every time I go to http://localhost on my browser, after running ./vendor/bin/sail up,
I keep getting this error
ErrorException
file_put_contents(C:\wamp64\www\catholic_group_of_schools_entrance_platform\storage\framework/sessions/NMNV89ihi6pcYr140olVDp7iPx4ed2ML4Eh8ik7q): Failed to open stream: No such file or directory

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Achieving $28 Million In Preorder Sales In 30 Days
Glowforge worked with the Wpromote Growth and Innovation Team to maximize their pre-order campaign sales in just 30 days. Together, the team achieved $28 million in pre-order sales and executed the most successful 30-day crowdfunding campaign in history.
Bringing Digital Design To Life
Glowforge is a Seattle-based startup that created the 3D laser printer. Glowforge's wireless desktop laser makes it simple for designers, artists, and makers to take products directly from digital design to reality. Unlike 3D printers that use additive technology to build objects out of plastic, Glowforge uses subtractive technology to cut and engrave products from durable and beautiful materials like wood, leather, acrylic, paper, fabric – even chocolate.
Making A Product Before It Exists
Wpromote was charged with figuring out how to drive pre-order sales in a very limited time period. The biggest challenge? Marketing a product that doesn't actually exist yet. Wpromote's Growth and Innovation Team needed to help Glowforge target the right customers with very limited customer data.
Defining A Target Audience
Wpromote used a number of potential factors to define a target audience, including data on existing pre-order customers provided by Glowforge, success signals from related products and market research, and internal insights from experience working with other hardware clients.
Next, the team identified the channels showing the most promise for Glowforge's pre-order campaign: Facebook Advertising and Google Ads.
On Facebook, they implemented a tiered Lookalike Audience targeting strategy to reach audiences similar to people who had already pre-ordered Glowforge products, which allowed Glowforge to reach highly relevant audiences at scale. The team also took advantage of the Glowforge printer's visual appeal by utilizing high quality images and video ads.
On Google Ads, the team sought to capitalize on branded search opportunities coming from Glowforge's recent press coverage, as well as the Facebook ad coverage. Additional non-branded targeting captured people higher up in the conversion funnel who were looking for broader terms and related products who might have been interested in the Glowforge 3D laser printer.
We knew that the combined impact of press coverage and paid advertising campaigns would cause a dramatic increase in traffic to Glowforge's website, so we also needed to develop a remarketing strategy to capture people who visited the site but hadn't yet converted. The challenge when doing remarketing for popular pre-order campaigns is that they receive a lot of press attention which ultimately attracts a lot of irrelevant traffic visiting out of curiosity about the product with no intent to actually buy.
Finally, the team developed a relevancy-focused remarketing strategy on both Facebook and Google's display network (GDN) to make sure they were excluding irrelevant site traffic driven by curiosity and re-engaging the highest-quality site visitors to get them to take a second look at pre-ordering during the course of the crowdfunding campaign.
Channels + Services
Transforming Marketing To Pre-Order Sales
The Growth and Innovation team helped Glowforge achieve record-breaking sales in pre-orders in the first 30 days. The crowdfunding campaign was such a success that the team continued to partner with Glowforge to drive pre-orders well beyond the initial campaign, which achieved extremely favorable CPAs at scale.
$28M In Pre-Orders In The First 30 Days
CPAs Extremely Favorable At Scale
Proof Is In The Numbers
More People Are Packing Their Bags With Facebook Flight Ads View Case Study
Focusing On Customers & Achieving Audacious Results View Case Study
Attracting Event Attendees With Facebook Video Ads View Case Study
Fuel Your Challenger Mindset
Contact hello@wpromote.com


text:
TAKE ACTION DONATE
Career Opportunities »
Clarence Petty Internship Program
Executive and Program Assistant
Water & Air
Farms & Forests
Essex Farm Institute
The Adirondack Park
Forest Preserve and Private Land
Overuse in the Adirondack Park
Environmental Protection Fund
Opportunities for Public Comment in the Adirondacks
5 Things You Need to Know | ADK Conservation News
By: Casey Marvell - Adirondack Council's Policy Fellow
Adirondack Conservation News is a collection of the most current events taking place in New York's Adirondack Park, a unique national treasure and legacy we inherited over 100 years ago, that we must to protect for future generations. Adirondack Conservation News aims to highlight both threats and opportunities concerning the Park's ecological integrity, wild character and community vibrancy.
Our View: Let's not Reverse Progress We've Made on Acid Rain
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has refused to enforce the "Good Neighbor" rule in the Clean Air Act which prevents coal burning power plants in the Midwest from emitting toxins that are carried to Eastern states by prevailing winds. This comes at a time that the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) announced that brook trout have been discovered in Lake Colden for the first time since it was declared fishless 32 years ago due to acid rain. The Adirondack Council and partners state that without EPA enforcement the Adirondacks' recovery from acid rain damage could be in jeopardy.
Tahawus Rail Line May be Scrapped
The Saratoga and North Creek Railway consented to "abandonment" of the Tahawus rail line between North Creek and Newcomb. The 30-mile stretch of rails crosses the Forest Preserve as well as the Hudson and Boreas rivers. The state has been trying to have the line declared abandoned due to inactivity. Two years ago, the company used the line to store dozens of out-of-service junk tank cars on the rail line which drew significant criticism from the state and the Adirondack Council and partners. If the rail line is declared abandoned by the U.S. Surface Transportation Board, other uses, such as a recreational trail, can be explored. Railroad use could be resurrected in the future if needed.
New Cascade Trail May not be Open Until 2021
A new trail up Cascade Mountain from the Mount Van Hoevenberg Olympic Sport Complex may not open until 2021 according to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC). The new trail is being touted as much more sustainable than the current one off of Route 73. It was originally planned to be opened this year, but the DEC says that this type of trail is more complicated than traditional trails to construct and requires more time to complete. The DEC believes that the new trailhead will help alleviate the ongoing problematic parking situation along Route 73, and provide hikers the option of hiking up Mount Van Hoevenberg.
Warming Threatens Iconic Adirondack Bird Species
A recent report from the National Audubon Society determined that 64 percent of North American bird species are at risk of extinction from climate change. In the Adirondacks, if global temperatures rise 5.4 degrees, the common loon may lose upwards of 27 percent of its summer range. This would force loons to move northward to a cooler climate during the summer. The report stresses that if emissions levels are not significantly reduced in coming decades, warmer temperatures may drive many other iconic Adirondack bird species like the Bicknell's thrush, boreal chickadee and spruce grouse to other areas.
Peak Crowding: Droves of Hikers Clog High Peaks
On Columbus Day weekend, the High Peaks experienced significant hiker activity coupled with illegal roadside parking. In preparation, the Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) initiated 45 mile per hour reduced speed zones to protect pedestrians. This was in addition to the ban of roadside parking along a four mile stretch of Route 73 from Chapel Pond to Rooster Comb instituted last year. Nevertheless, the droves of hikers continued to test Forest Rangers who are tasked with parking enforcement and public outreach. Rangers and their supporters have stated that low staffing numbers are draining Rangers, risking public safety, and jeopardizing the protection of sensitive public lands.
Casey Marvel is the Policy Fellow in the Council's Albany office. He assists the government relations and communication teams by tracking legislation, researching issues and advocating for the Adirondacks. A native of Niskayuna, New York, Casey recently completed his Bachelor's Degree in Political Science from the University of Albany, and is currently pursuing his Master's in Political Science. Casey has always been intrigued and passionate about the Adirondacks, having visited the Park throughout his life, from fishing at Paradox Lake, to recently pursuing the 46 High Peaks.
Sign-up for Blog Updates
Our Adirondack Island: Why Wildlife Need Park Agency Reform
Posted: Tuesday, December 24 2019
Top Adirondack Conservation Accomplishments of 2019
Posted: Wednesday, December 18 2019
The Adirondacks Depend on You for Clean Water
Posted: Monday, December 16 2019
Acid Rain ATVs climate change Forest Preserve invasive species overuse water Wilderness wildlife
In and About the Park
Join Us/Donate
Support Adirondack Conservation!
Save the Adirondacks from Acid Rain!
Your donation goes directly to help fund initiatives within the Adirondack Park. DONATE NOW
Tribute Gift
Shop | Events | Email Signup | Contact Us | Careers | Privacy Policy | Photo Credits | Charitable Solicitation Disclosures
The Adirondack Council is 501 (c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Federal Tax ID - 14-1594386
Copyright © 2020 Adirondack Council. All Rights Reserved.
Website Development and VSite Content Management by: ES11
103 Hand Ave - Suite 3
PO Box D-2
info@adirondackcouncil.org
Albany Office
342 Hamilton Street