text:
Het Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial is een monument in de Amerikaanse hoofdstad Washington D.C. ter ere van Martin Luther King, baptistendominee, politiek leider, een van de boegbeelden van de Amerikaanse burgerrechtenbeweging tegen de rassenscheiding en winnaar van de Nobelprijs voor de Vrede. King was de eerste Afro-Amerikaan, en pas de vierde niet-president die geëerd wordt met een nationaal gedenkteken op of bij de National Mall.

Het monument bevindt zich in West Potomac Park, ten zuidwesten van het Washington Monument en de rest van de National Mall. Het ligt aan de noordwestelijke oever van het Tidal Basin dicht bij het Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial. Het ligt pal op de lijn die getrokken kan worden tussen twee van de grootste monumenten in het gebied, Lincoln Memorial in het noordwesten en Jefferson Memorial in het zuidoosten. Het officieel adres van het monument is 1964 Independence Avenue, S.W. waarmee met 1964 het jaar van de Civil Rights Act of 1964 wordt herdacht.

Het 9,1 m hoge standbeeld Stone of Hope is een beeltenis van King, uitgevoerd door de beeldhouwer Lei Yixin die oprijst uit een stenen blok. Het is een verbeelding van een van de uitspraken van King tijdens de I Have a Dream speech: ""Out of a mountain of despair, a stone of hope." Bezoekers van het monument gaan eerst door een opening in de Mountain of Despair, twee andere granietblokken, om het beeld te bereiken. Bij het 1,6 hectare grote gebied waarop het monument staat hoort ook een Inscription Wall, een lange muur waarop 14 fragmenten uit Kings speeches, preken en geschriften staan waaruit zijn streven naar gerechtigheid, democratie, hoop en liefde blijkt. De quotes en hun datum zijn:
"We shall overcome because the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends towards justice." (31 maart 1968, National Cathedral, Washington, D.C.)
"Darkness cannot drive out darkness, only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate, only love can do that." (1963, uit Strength to Love)
"I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. This is why right, temporarily defeated, is stronger than evil triumphant." (10 december 1964, Oslo, Noorwegen)
"Make a career of humanity. Commit yourself to the noble struggle for equal rights. You will make a greater person of yourself, a greater nation of your country, and a finer world to live in." (18 april 1959, Washington, D.C.)
"I oppose the war in Vietnam because I love America. I speak out against it not in anger but with anxiety and sorrow in my heart, and above all with a passionate desire to see our beloved country stand as a moral example of the world." (25 februari 1967, Los Angeles, California)
"If we are to have peace on earth, our loyalties must become ecumenical rather than sectional. Our loyalties must transcend our race, our tribe, our class, and our nation; and this means we must develop a world perspective." (24 december 1967, Atlanta, Georgia)
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly." (16 april 1963, Birmingham, Alabama)
"I have the audacity to believe that peoples everywhere can have three meals a day for their bodies, education and culture for their minds, and dignity, equality and freedom for their spirits." (10 december 1964, Oslo, Noorwegen)
"It is not enough to say "We must not wage war." It is necessary to love peace and sacrifice for it. We must concentrate not merely on the negative expulsion of war, but on the positive affirmation of peace." (24 december 1967, Atlanta, Georgia)
"The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy." (25 februari 1967, Los Angeles, California)
"Every nation must now develop an overriding loyalty to mankind as a whole in order to preserve the best in their individual societies." (4 april 1967, Riverside Church, Manhattan, New York)
"We are determined here in Montgomery to work and fight until justice runs down like water, and righteousness like a mighty stream." (5 december 1955, Montgomery, Alabama)
"We must come to see that the end we seek is a society at peace with itself, a society that can live with its conscience." (16 april 1963, Birmingham, Alabama)
"True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice." (16 april 1963, Birmingham, Alabama)

Het monument werd op 22 augustus 2011 geopend na meer dan twintig jaar planning, geldinzameling en constructie. Een openingsplechtigheid was voorzien voor zondag 28 augustus 2011, een symbolische datum en de 48ste verjaardag van de "I Have a Dream" speech die King gaf van op de trappen van Lincoln Memorial op 28 augustus 1963. De doortocht van orkaan Irene maakte deze viering evenwel niet mogelijk.

Een nieuwe symbolische datum werd gezocht en gevonden in 16 oktober 2011, de 16de verjaardag van de slotbijeenkomst van de Million Man March die op de National Mall werd gehouden op 16 oktober 1995. Sprekers waren onder meer Barack Obama, Jesse Jackson, Andrew Young, Al Sharpton en zoon Martin Luther King III. Muzikaal werd het evenement opgeluisterd door onder meer Aretha Franklin en Stevie Wonder.

Het standbeeld is niet het eerste standbeeld voor een Afro-Amerikaans persoon in Washington D.C., dat is een standbeeld van Mary McLeod Bethune in Lincoln Park. Het is wel het eerste standbeeld voor een zwarte Amerikaan op of bij de National Mall. De drie andere niet-presidenten die er geëerd worden zijn George Mason, John Ericsson en Amerikaans marinegezagvoerder John Paul Jones.

Monument in de Verenigde Staten
Bouwwerk in Washington D.C.
National Register of Historic Places

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For the 2018 calendar year. The Foundation began to pursue it's goals to address the issue of Childhood #Obesity and Diabetes through it's participation with multiple sports camps, working with over 800 youth and teens. The Foundation's efforts were fulfilled with minimal funding and through the donation of time and resources of the Foundation's Chairman and Board Members.
We take our responsibility to our donors seriously. We are proud since our inception. A percentage of every dollar raised goes towards our initiatives to help speed a cure for youth #obesity and #diabetes. Our annual reports demonstrate fiscal responsibility.


Two days of craft distillation around a traditional pot still. A workshop for amateurs and future professionals, no previous experience necessary.
The first day is dedicated to the techniques of distilling alcohol, from the secrets of fermentation all the way to the how to of tasting. And of course the day terminates with a tasting of different spirits.
On the second day we enter the world of alchemist medicine production.
The workshop will be held in French.


LOAN SERVICING SOFT is the best-of-breed loan servicing software platform designed from the ground up to increase loan servicing efficiencies and empower lending professionals. With a modern, comprehensive feature set, including loan origination, loan servicing, collections, trust accounting, multiple investors, reporting and much more, the LOAN SERVICING SOFT lending system simplifies and streamlines the business of lending like no other loan servicing software on the market.
Note: The vendor profile above for (LOAN SERVICING SOFT) is not written by Accounting Software 411. Information is provided and maintained by the vendor LOAN SERVICING SOFT and/or by third party sources. Accounting Software 411 confirms basic company data prior to posting a profile. The above information is not a review or endorsement by Accounting Software 411 of the product.


text:
Jack Nicholson Born 1937-04-22 Manhattan, New York, USA
John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor, film director, producer and writer. He is renowned for his often dark-themed portrayals of neurotic characters. Nicholson has been nominated for Academy Awards 12 times. He has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice, for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest and for As Good as It Gets. He won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the 1983 film Terms of Endearment. He is tied with Walter Brennan for most acting wins by a male actor (three), and second to Katharine Hepburn for most acting wins overall (four).
He is also one of only two actors nominated for an Academy Award for acting (either lead or supporting) in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s (the other one being Michael Caine). He has won seven Golden Globe Awards, and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In 1994, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award. Notable films in which he has starred include, in chronological order, Easy Rider, Five Easy Pieces, Chinatown, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, The Shining, The Postman Always Rings Twice, Reds, Terms of Endearment, Batman, A Few Good Men, As Good as It Gets, About Schmidt, Something's Gotta Give and The Departed.
Description above from the Wikipedia article Jack Nicholson, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.
Movies Starring Jack Nicholson
About Schmidt
The Witches of Eastwick
Five Easy Pieces

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MONSTER SHIRTS! Limited Edition Hand Painted Fashion Designs! Crazy Monsters, Creepy Faces and Surreal Citizens in this collection of weird shirts. One face melts into another, man turns into animal and animal into man. If the city is a stage the cast is deranged! Turning our thoughts, fears, dreams and emotions outward, this set of unique designs personifies the imagination transforming the human face into ridiculous stories. Each shirt is a one of a kind entirely original hand painted artwork.
The entire collection was created in a single sitting working at a rapid pace reminiscent of my early street art performances. The idea behind this spontaneous process is to avoid predictability by incorporating errors and impulse without predetermined ideas about the finished artwork. Basically I try to meditate on the human face, crowds, sounds and emotions while drawing as fast as I can. Working with black ink on white material makes this process interesting as there is absolutely no opportunity for corrections. This aids the meditation by eliminating any need to revisit either physically or mentally during the creative process. This is technique was particularly interesting to me as a live street performance because there was a never ending stream of inspiring people and I really enjoyed the impulsive incidents and accidents that gave the work life.
This series was a collaborative effort between CBE, a Toronto based clothing company, and "HEY APATHY!" that specializes in local designs, fabrics and artistic expression. CBE provided the t-shirts and set them up in there loft studio space for me to paint. In one afternoon I managed to splatter monsters all over the blank shirts. CBE then baked the heavy black inks in their oven to setting them permanently into the fabric. It was a really interesting way to combine grassroots production, printing processes and fine art into a wearable canvas. There where 40 hand painted shirts in this set each done on heavy duty cotton with brushes and black screen printing ink. This was a part of an ongoing CBE collaborative experiment in which they have worked with numerous Toronto based artist's to create unique fashions.


The Institute for the Future (IFTF) executive director Marina Gorbis, creative director Jean Hagan, and research directors Alex Soojung-Kim Pang and David Pescovitz developed The Science & Technology Outlook for the UK Department of Trade and Innovation as part of a study of future trends in science and technology. The Institute conducted six workshops with scientists, journalists, venture capitalists, research and development managers, graduate students, and postdoctoral students to produce The Outlook, which is the result of the participants' suggestions. Their ideas are circled and color-coded to correspond to major research areas or trends identified as major drivers. The time scale and dates of events are intentionally fuzzy, reflecting the uncertainty of the enterprise. Similar to most roadmaps, The Outlook is designed to be a functional object, not an ornamental one, and represents a convergence of two formerly distinct practices in futures work: visual maps and text-intensive white papers. Like many IFTF maps, The Outlook both summarizes the collective wisdom of its experts and findings of its researchers, and supports facilitated processes that shape this wisdom into strategy, policy, and action.
Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim. 2006. "First Press on the Delta Scan." IIFTF's Future Now: Emerging Technologies and their Implications for the Future. Accessed on March 16, 2010. http://future.iftf.org/2006/12/first_press_on_.html.
Pang, Alex Soojung-Kim, David Pescovitz, Marina Gorbis, and Jean Hagan. 2006. Science & Technology Outlook: 2005-2055. Courtesy of The Institute for the Future. In "3rd Iteration (2007): The Power of Forecasts," Places & Spaces: Mapping Science, edited by Katy Börner and Julie M. Davis. http://scimaps.org.


text:
Home » Economic Development » Daily News » High-Tech Worker Visas Still Available
High-Tech Worker Visas Still Available
We have been reporting for some time in this space that the shortage of skilled workers in the U.S. has been exacerbated in recent years by the government's decision to cut back on H-1B visas.
The quota of H-1B visas, which are reserved for highly trained technology professionals, was reduced to 65,000 due to mounting security concerns after the 9/11 attacks. In 2007 and 2008, applications for H-1B visas exceeded this quota on the first day the visas became available.
Not this year.
According to a report in the Wall Street Journal, thus far—more than six months after the U.S. government began accepting applications for 2010 H-1B visas—only 46,700 visa petitions have been filed.
Analysts are attributing this shortfall to a combination of the economic downturn, immigration security concerns, and the rising costs associated with hiring foreign-born workers.
An overall U.S. unemployment rate approaching 10 percent and double-digit unemployment in more than a dozen states has dramatically slowed expansion in the technology sector, the Journal reports.
According to the Journal, conditions attached to federal bailout funds also have deterred bailout recipients from recruiting foreign workers. Companies that receive federal bailout money must prove that they tried to recruit American workers at prevailing wages and that foreigners aren't replacing U.S. citizens. This restriction reportedly caused Bank of America and others to rescind numerous job offers to foreigners.
Crackdowns on illegal immigration also have had a dampening effect on visa applications. The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, which administers the H-1B program, has been sending inspectors to visit companies without warning to verify that H-1B employees are performing the jobs on the terms specified. Up to 20,000 companies have been targeted for these inspections.
The restrictive climate on immigration apparently is leading some foreign students to reconsider whether they want to pursue careers in the United States."The best and the brightest who would normally come here are saying, why do we need to go to a country where we are not welcome," a University of California scholar who has studied H-1B visas told the Journal.
Previous articleThe Roaring 2010s
Next articleBlackhawk Composites to Open Plant in KY
BF Staff
Location Spotlight: Hoosier Energy
The Hoosier Energy Power Network's Economic Development team is dedicated to providing valuable site selection information and assistance to companies considering a relocation or expansion in Indiana or Illinois.


text:
Resources For Tag...
Investigative Journalism: Social Media Platforms
Organization: Business Care Consulting
Project: Principles of Writing for the Web Effectively
This presentation gives an overview of various social media platforms on the web, such as Facebook and Blogger. It includes practical instructions on how to do effective Google searches and how to upload videos to YouTube.
Investigative Journalism: Writing for the Internet
This presentation focuses on effective writing for the Internet. It goes over several styles for effectively communicating information in a brief format, which is preferred by online readers.
Using Social Media in Education
Organization: Creative Associates International
Project: Partnership School Project in Oman (and the Middle East)
This document lists social media sites that were touched upon in the presentation, "Using Social Media in Education." The sites are classified according to type of social media, and each site has a short description of each.
Presentation - Using Social Media in Education: How Social Media Can Help Teachers
This presentation focuses on how social media can be used in education. The presenters explain what types of social media are available, how they can be used when teaching a course, advantages and disadvantages, as well as risks and gains.
The Communication Process
This presentation covers interpersonal communication in a broad sense. It explains interpersonal communications in terms of messenger, message and audience, and how all three relate to each other.
Effective Website Design and Integration of New Media for Outreach
Organization: International Republican Institute (IRI)
This presentation from a two-day training focuses on new media campaigns and using the Internet as a tool for enhancing readership and promoting messages. Three proposed goals are: answering why, improving relevance and increasing activity. Examples of types of content, design, delivery and an action plan are included.
Guide to Producing PSAs
Organization: International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX)
This guide provides information about Public Service Announcements (PSAs). PSAs aim to change public opinion about a particular issue, and/or motivate the public to change behaviors.
Guide to Producing Viral Videos
Project: Strengthen Political Parties and Improve the Transparency of Electoral Systems in North Africa
This resource offers a basic guide to viral video clips, which become popular through video sharing websites and e-mails, as well as through social media networks such as Twitter and Facebook. The guide gives information in a question and answer format.
Guide to Twitter
Project: Social Media | Social Action for Good Governance
This resource describes the basic steps for using Twitter. The manual describes how the popular social networking site represents an international social media revolution that can lead to effective social and national mobilization. It focuses on how Twtter gave citizens, especially in the Arab world, a stronger voice and an opportunity to express views freely and without constraints.
E-Mediat: Electronic Media Tools, Technology & Training website
Organization: Institute of International Education (IIE)
Project: E-Mediat
E-Mediat is a public-private partnership providing new media training to NGOs throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Managed by the Institute for International Education, the URL is http://www.emediat.org/. Country pages are included with tools and success stories.
Workshop 1: Social Media and Networked NGOs for Civil Society Overview and Strategic Planning
This presentation for E-Mediat's Workshop 1 includes two days of training material: Introduction to Social Media; and Creating a Social Media Strategy Plan. For each day, an agenda, framing, outcomes and learning objectives are included. A highlight is the discussion of networked NGOs understanding the difference between traditional and social media, and the role of social networks in civil society. Instructions are provided for trainers to customize and localize the material. The intended third day of the training was for coaching.
Trainer's Guide: Workshop 1 - Social Media & Networked NGOs Overview and Strategic Planning
Trainer's Guide: Workshop 3 - Strategic Social Network Use for NGOs: Facebook & Twitter
This guide for trainers provides details on the two days of E-Mediat's Workshop 3, as well as an overview of the five workshops in the series. It gives an outline of what is included: participant agenda, trainer's agenda/outline and workshop materials. The appendix includes a Facebook content management worksheet. The topics for the two days are: Facebook Strategies for NGOs; and Facebook Engagement & Twitter Strategies for NGOs.
Trainer's Guide: Workshop 2 - Social Media & Networked NGOs Listening and Web Presence
This guide for trainers provides details on the three days of E-Mediat's Workshop 2, as well as an overview of the five workshops in the series. It gives an outline of what is included: participant agenda, trainer's agenda/outline and workshop materials. The topics for the two days are: Listening Tools and Privacy Best Practices; and Strategic Internet Presence: Websites and Blogs. Appendices include a social media strategy template, social media strategy objectives, listening reporting template, blogging planning questions and home base assessment.
Workshop 3: Using Social Networks Strategically for NGOS
This presentation for E-Mediat's Workshop 3 includes two days of training material: Facebook Strategies for NGOs; and Facebook Engagement & Twitter Strategies for NGOs. For each day, an agenda, framing, outcomes and learning objectives are included. It includes discussion about determining the intent of your Facebook page, management, measurement tool and engagement. It also focuses on Twitter as a tool - intent, efficiency and best practices.
Total Returned (109)
Governance and Human Rights (3)
Gender and Youth (19)
Civic Engagement (79)
Business Community (5)
Members of Parliament (1)
Advocates (29)
Party Members (1)
CSOs/NGOs (99)
Journalists (5)
Training of Trainers (TOT) (3)
Media Outreach (2)
Teaching Methodologies (2)
English as a Second Language (ESL) (2)
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) (4)
Monitoring and Evaluation (4)
Marketing/Branding (3)
All MEPI Region (1)
Institute of International Education (IIE)
PartnersGlobal
Creative Associates International
Daem For Media
International Republican Institute (IRI)
Business Care Consulting
Soliya
Think Media Labs
Institute for War & Peace Reporting (IWPR)
International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX)
Lebanese Center for Active Citizenship
Project Cycle series
Women's Enterprise for Sustainability (WES) - Training Material (Phase I)
Regional Assistance Program (RAP)
YouthTube for Peace
Women's Enterprise for Sustainability (WES)
Social Media | Social Action for Good Governance
E-Mediat
Strengthening Women Parliamentarians Media Skills
Principles of Writing for the Web Effectively
Terana: Strengthening Leaders: Equipping Organizations and Enabling Public Discourse
Strengthen Political Parties and Improve the Transparency of Electoral Systems in North Africa
Working Together for Strong Communities
Enhancing CSO National Dialogue and Collaboration via Social Media
Local Engagement for Advocacy and Dialogue (LEAD)
Breaking Barriers: Empowering Women in the Workforce
Partnership School Project in Oman (and the Middle East)
Instructor Curriculum


text:
Home Business Delta Keeping Middle Seats Empty
Delta Keeping Middle Seats Empty
Delta Air Lines keeping middle seat empty beyond September 30.
Delta Air Lines is not booking the middle seat during this time of the coronavirus pandemic. Whereas other major US airlines are doing as there is a slight surge in demand for air travel.
However, Delta CEO Ed Bastian said on Tuesday that as the airline is less crowded that is one reason many customers are choosing Delta.
"When we survey our customers about the reasons you're purchasing a ticket on Delta, space onboard the plane, the blocked middle seats, has gone to the No. 1 reason why customers are choosing Delta," he said.
The airline will be blocking the middle beyond September 30. No major airline has yet announced such an extended date.
On the other hand, Southwest is the other airline which is promising limited seats through September 30. JetBlue is also offering limited seat policy to follow social distancing.
American Airlines and United are selling every seat possible. Unites says social distancing is not possible on the aircraft and said blocking the middle seat is a policy to attract more customers and not a safety measure.
Bastian did not mention till when they will not book the middle seat. But it looks like they will go with this policy till the end of this year or the beginning of 2021.
Prioritizing Customer Opinion
He said it all depends on the customers how they feel safe to travel and it also increases ticket sales.
"We're gonna hear from customers as to their comfort in travel," he said.
"I'd rather add more flights back and more seats into the market in a safe way than trying to maximize the number of people you can put on an individual airplane," he said.
He also mentioned that no middle seat policy will not be the ultimate solution once travel rebounds. And airlines need to cover up the losses that are incurred due to the low demand for air travel.
"Everyone appreciates it's not going to last forever," he said, "but in the face of a health crisis that space onboard really matters and customers are telling (us) that."
Low Financial Performance
This is Delta's worst financial year in its history. The airline quarterly revenues have gone down to $1.5 billion from $12.5 billion which was in the previous year. 91%, revenue decline has been seen, coming down to just $1.4 billion from $12.5 billion a year ago.
The airline's revenue for the April-June quarter is just $1.5 billion, versus $12.5 billion in the same period a year ago. Moreover, passenger counts are down by 93%. The airline has reported a net loss of $5.7 billion, compared with a profit of $1.4 billion last year. However. It is the first major airline to report results for the quarter.
US Airlines
The UK Adds the Greek Islands to the Safe Travel List
The government of the UK added five Greek islands to the quarantine exemption list said the Transport Secretary…
Spirit Airlines Adding More Flights
Spirit Airlines sells bargain fares for flights to Florida and Las Vegas as they are the top US…
Air France Plans Voluntary Job Cuts
Air France is planning to layoff about 8,300 employees to cut costs. But, the company received a massive…
Qatar Airways Plans to Increase Montréal Flights Next Year
Qatar Airways said that it will be increasing flights to Montréal from January 16. However, it will be…
FFlights
New York City Flights
Let us help you search for the domestic & international flights from New York with the best travel…
DDestinations
Canary, Maldives, and Denmark on travel Corridor list
The British government added the Canary Islands, the Greek island of Mykonos. Moreover, the Maldives and Denmark back…


text:
\section{Introduction}

q--harmonic oscillators are the most extensively studied
q--deformed systems \cite{har}. However,
there is a limited literature on the
q--deformations of  other systems. In a recent
work a new approach was adopted
for defining new q--deformed Schr\"{o}dinger equations
in a consistent manner with the
q--oscillators \cite{dd}:
q--deformation of the one dimensional Kepler
problem was obtained by the help
of q--deformed version of the
canonical transformation connecting the
$x^2$ and $1/x$
potentials.

In this work we attempt to study the q--deformation of another
problem, namely the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the Morse
potential. Note that,
the Morse potential problem
in its undeformed form can already
be considered as a kind of q--deformed oscillator \cite{bd}.
What we are doing here
is the q--deformation of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation
for the Morse potential
itself. It is the continuation
of our program for defining
q--deformed Schr\"{o}dinger equations consistently with the
q--oscillators: it has been known for sometime
that the Morse potential and the one dimensional oscillator with an extra
inverse square potential are connected by a point canonical
transformation \cite{ih83}. Taking the advantage of this fact,
we start with the q--Schr\"{o}dinger
equation written for the potential
$V=u^2+ 1/u^2;\ u\geq 0,$
which is essentially the radial
equation for the two dimensional oscillator in polar
coordinates. We then introduce a q--canonical transformation
relating the above potential to the Morse potential
$V=e^{-x}-e^{-2x};\ -\infty < x < \infty ,$
which enables us to obtain
a q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the latter potential.

q--deformation of the Morse potential is also discussed in
\cite{cg} in terms of ladder and shift operators, where
an application to H$_2$ molecule is given.

Obtaining the  solutions of q--Schr\"{o}dinger equations
in general is not easy.
For q--harmonic oscillators the problem is somehow less
complicated and there can be more than one approach \cite{min}-\cite{ww}.
For example in  \cite{min} the series solution of the
undeformed problem is generalized
in such manner that the resulting q--deformed recursion relations
can be handled.
When a similar generalization is performed for the q--deformed
Schr\"{o}dinger equation for
$V=u^2+ 1/u^2$ potential one obtains an equation defining
the q--Laguerre polynomials which differs from the ones
available in the literature \cite{ql}.
The difference is discussed in section 6.

In section 2 we review the
transformation connecting the Schr\"{o}dinger
equations of the  $V=u^2+1/u^2$ and the Morse potentials.
We also present the canonical transformation
between the realizations of the
$sl(2)$ algebra corresponding to these potentials
which both have the same dynamical group $SO(2,1).$

In section 3 we introduce the q--deformation of
the phase space variables suitable to
obtain two  realizations of the  $sl_q(2)$
algebra without altering the form of the undeformed
generators except some overall and operator ordering factors. We than
define the q--canonical transformation
connecting these realizations.

In section 4 we first write the q--deformed
Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the potential $V=u^2+ 1/u^2$
which  requires a  trivial generalization of the
q--oscillator potential $V=u^2.$
We then employ the q-canonical transformation
of Section 3 to arrive
at a Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the q--Morse potential
$V=e^{-x}-e^{-2x}.$

In section 5 we attempt to solve the
q--Schr\"{o}dinger equations  which define
the q--Laguerre polynomials. The general scheme is described
and illustrated for the ground and the first exited levels.

\section{From the Morse Potential to $V=u^2+1/u^2$}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{2.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

Time independent Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the Morse potential is
$(\hbar =1)$
\begin{equation}
\label{sm}
\left( -\frac{1}{2\mu}\frac{d^2}{dx^2} +Ae^{-2x}-Be^{-x} -E^{\rm M}\right) \phi (x) =0;
\end{equation}
$x\in (-\infty ,\infty ).$

By making use of the variable change \cite{ih83}
\begin{equation}
\label{vcc}
x=-2\ln u,
\end{equation}
(\ref{sm}) becomes
\begin{equation}
\label{so}
\left( -\frac{1}{2\mu}\frac{d^2}{du^2} +4Au^2 -
\frac{4E^{\rm M} +1/8\mu}{u^2} -4B \right) \psi (u) =0;
\end{equation}
$u\in [0,\infty ),$ with
\begin{equation}
\label{wf}
\psi (u) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{u}}\phi (-2\ln u).
\end{equation}

(\ref{so}) is equivalent to the Schr\"{o}dinger equation
for the one dimensional
harmonic oscillator with an extra potential barrier
\begin{equation}
\label{vu}
V(u)=-\frac{4E^{\rm M} +1/8\mu}{u^2}
\end{equation}
with the energy
\begin{equation}
E=4B.
\end{equation}

The normalized wave functions and the energy spectrum of the
Schr\"{o}dinger equation (\ref{so}) are
\begin{equation}
\label{ef}
\psi_n (u)=\sqrt{\frac{2(\mu \omega )^{\nu +1}n!}{\Gamma (\nu +n+1)}}
e^{-\frac{\mu \omega}{2}u^2}u^{\nu +\frac{1}{2}} L^{(\nu )}_n(\mu \omega u^2),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{eb}
E=\omega (n+\nu +1) =4B ;\hspace{.5cm}  n=0,1,2,\dots ,
\end{equation}
where $L^{(\nu )}_n$ are the Laguerre polynomials and $\omega ,\ \nu$
are defined as
\begin{equation}
\label{ec}
\omega =\sqrt{8A/\mu},\  \nu =-\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{2+32\mu E^{\rm M}}.
\end{equation}

The relation (\ref{wf}) and the transformation (\ref{vcc})
give the solution of the Morse potential Schr\"{o}dinger equation
(\ref{sm}) as
\begin{equation}
\phi (x) =\sqrt{\frac{2(\mu \omega )^{\frac{4B}{\omega} -n} n!}{\Gamma (4B/\omega )}}
\exp (-\frac{\mu \omega }{2}e^{-x})\exp [(-\frac{4B}{\omega}-n-1)x]
L_n^{(\frac{4B}{\omega} -n-1)} (\mu \omega e^{-x}),
\end{equation}
where by the virtue of (\ref{eb}) $4B/ \omega$ has been replaced by
$n+\nu +1.$ To obtain the energy spectrum
we insert (\ref{ec}) into (\ref{eb}) and solve for $E^{\rm M}:$
\begin{equation}
\label{ed}
E^{\rm M}=\frac{1}{8 \mu}\left[ (\frac{4B}{\omega}-n-1)^2 -1/2 \right] .
\end{equation}

Dynamical symmetry group of the above systems is $SO(2,1).$
For the Morse potential the
phase space realization of the related Lie algebra $sl(2)$
is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
M_0 & = & -2p -i ,\nonumber \\
M_+ & = & -\frac{1}{2}e^{-x} , \label{fga} \\
M_- & = & -2p^2 e^x +\alpha e^x .\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

The realization relevant to $V=u^2+1/u^2$ potential is
\begin{eqnarray}
L_0 & = & up_u +\frac{i}{2}, \nonumber       \\
L_+ & = & -\frac{1}{2}u^2, \label{dgs} \\
L_- & = & -\frac{1}{2} p_u^2 +\frac{\alpha}{u^2}. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

In terms of
the usual relations between
the coordinates and momenta
\[
px-xp=i,\   p_uu-up_u=i,
\]
commutation relations satisfied by the above generators can be found
to be
\begin{eqnarray}
{[M_0,M_\pm ]}=\pm 2iM_\pm, & [M_+,M_-]=-iM_0, &  \\
& &  \nonumber \\
{[L_0,L_\pm ]}=\pm 2iL_\pm, & [L_+,L_-]=-iL_0. &   \label{a2}
\end{eqnarray}

Eigenvalue equation for the Morse potential hamiltonian
of (\ref{sm})
\begin{equation}
\left( \frac{1}{2}p^2e^x+Ae^{-x} -E^Me^x\right) e^{-x} \phi {x}
= Be^{-x} \phi (x) ,
\end{equation}
is equivalent to
\begin{equation}
\label{aa1}
\left(\frac{-1}{4\mu}M_- -2AM_+\right)  \xi (x)= B\xi (x),
\end{equation}
with the parameter $\alpha$ and the eigenfunction $\xi$
are identified as
\begin{equation}
\label{aq1}
\alpha \equiv 4\mu E^M;\  \xi (x) \equiv e^{-x}\phi (x).
\end{equation}

Similarly $\beta u^2 +\gamma / u^2$ potential problem
can equivalently be written as the eigenvalue equation
\begin{equation}
\label{aa2}
\left( \frac{-1}{\mu}L_- - 2\beta L_+ \right)\psi =E\psi ,
\end{equation}
with the identification
\begin{equation}
\label{aq2}
\alpha \equiv -\mu\gamma .
\end{equation}

Note that the two identifications of $\alpha$ given in (\ref{aq1})
and (\ref{aq2})     are consistent with (\ref{vu}).
The $1/ 8\mu u^2$ term is the operator ordering contribution
resulting from the point canonical transformation
in the Schr\"{o}dinger equation. The algebraic equations (\ref{aa1})
and (\ref{aa2}) are free of the operator ordering term.

Classically,
$sl(2)$ algebra realizations
relevant to the Morse and the $V=u^2+1/u^2$ potentials
are connected by the canonical transformation
\begin{equation}
\label{ct}
u=e^{-x/2},\    p_u=-2 e^{x/2}p.
\end{equation}
Indeed this canonical transformation suggests  (\ref{vcc}). Note
that the constant terms in $M_0$ and $L_0$ which result from
the operator ordering, are not the same and they drop in the
classical limit.

\section{q--canonical transformation}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{3.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

q--deformation of the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for
the potential $V=u^2+1/u^2$
can be introduced similarly to the q--harmonic oscillator.
Then, by introducing the q--canonical transformation
suggested by (\ref{ct})
we can arrive at a q--deformed Morse potential Schr\"{o}dinger
equation.

We introduce q--deformation  in terms of
q--deformed  commutation relations between the phase
space variables $p,x$ and $p_u,u.$
Note that we use the same notation for the
undeformed and  q--deformed objects.

There are more than one definitions of q--canonical
transformations.
Most of them were introduced in terms of some
properties of the basic
q-commutators \cite{qct}. However, they are not suitable for our
purpose.

Let us recall the definition of q--canonical transformations given
in  \cite{dd}:
we keep the phase space realizations
of the q--deformed generators of the dynamical symmetry group
to be formally the same as the
undeformed  generators $M_i(x,p)$ and $L_i(u,p_u),$
up to operator ordering corrections and
overall factors.
We then define the transformation
$x,p\rightarrow u,p_u$ to be the q--canonical transformation
if

\noindent
$i)$ q--algebras generated by
$M_i(x,p)$ and $L_i(u,p_u)$ are the same and,

\noindent
$ii)$ the q--commutation relations (dictated
by the first condition) between
$p$ and $x,$ and $p_u$ and $u$ are preserved.

Let the q--deformed phase space variables satisfy $(\hbar =1)$
\begin{equation}
\label{cr1}
p_u u-qup_u =i.
\end{equation}
We then define the q--deformation of the generators
of (\ref{dgs})  as
\begin{eqnarray}
L_0 & = &K^{-1}( up_u +ic). \nonumber       \\
L_+ & = &-K^{-1/2} \frac{\sqrt{q}}{1+q}u^2, \label{dgs1} \\
L_- & = &K^{-1/2}(  -\frac{\sqrt{q}}{1+q} p_u^2 +\frac{\alpha}{u^2}), \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where     the constants are
\begin{eqnarray}
c=\frac{1}{q(1+q)}-\frac{(q-1)(q^2+1)}{q\sqrt{q}}\alpha ,  \nonumber \\
K=\frac{1}{q^2\sqrt{q}} (1+q^2) \left( \sqrt{q} +
(1-q)  (1-q^2)\alpha \right) . \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The generators (\ref{dgs1}) satisfy
\begin{eqnarray}
L_0L_--\frac{1}{q^2}L_-L_0 & = & -\frac{i}{q}L_- , \nonumber \\
L_0L_+-       q^2 L_+L_0 & = & iqL_+ , \label{qal1} \\
L_+L_--\frac{1}{q^4}L_-L_+ & = &  -\frac{i}{q^2}L_0,  \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
which is
the $sl_q(2)$ algebra
introduced in \cite{wit}.

To obtain another realization of the $sl_q(2)$ algebra
let us define the q--commutator of
the q--deformed variables $p$ and $x$ to be
\begin{equation}
\label{pxc}
pe^{-x/2}-qe^{-x/2}p=-\frac{i}{2}e^{-x/2}.
\end{equation}
We introduce the q--deformation
of the generators (\ref{fga}) as
\begin{eqnarray}
M_0 & = &F^{-1}( -2p +ib), \nonumber       \\
M_+ & = &-\left[ \frac{F(q+1)}{2q^2}\right]^{-1/2}
e^{-x}, \label{fga1} \\
M_- & = &\left[ \frac{F}{2q(q+1)}\right]^{-1/2}(
-\frac{\sqrt{q}}{1+q} p^2e^x +\alpha e^x), \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
b=-\frac{q+1}{2}+\frac{2\alpha}{\sqrt{q}}(1-q^4),  \nonumber \\
F=1+\frac{b(1-q^2) +1}{q} . \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The realization given by (\ref{fga1}) satisfies
the $sl_q(2)$ algebra
\begin{eqnarray}
M_0M_--\frac{1}{q^2}M_-M_0 & = & -\frac{i}{q}M_- ,\nonumber \\
M_0M_+-       q^2 M_+M_0 & = & iqM_+ , \label{qal2} \\
M_+M_--\frac{1}{q^4}M_-M_+ & = &  -\frac{i}{q^2}M_0,  \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
which is the same as (\ref{qal1}).

It is obvious that both the relation between
(\ref{dgs1}) and (\ref{fga1}); and the relation between
the q--commutators
(\ref{cr1}) and (\ref{pxc}) are given by the
transformation (\ref{ct}). Since both of the
q-deformed dynamical systems satisfy the same
$sl_q(2)$ algebra
(\ref{qal1}), (\ref{qal2}), we conclude that
the transformation (\ref{ct}) is
the q--canonical transformation between two systems.

\section{q--Schr\"{o}dinger equations}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{4.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

Once the q--canonical transformation relating the q--dynamical
systems given  by (\ref{dgs1}) and (\ref{fga1})
is found, we may proceed in the opposite direction
presented in Section 2: first define q--Schr\"{o}dinger
equation for the $V=1/u^2+u^2$ potential and then adopt
a change of variable suggested by the q--canonical transformation
(\ref{ct}) to define a q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the
Morse potential. To this end
we define the q-deformed Schr\"{o}dinger
equation
\begin{equation}
\label{sc1}
(-\frac{1}{2\mu} D_q^2(u) +A_q u^2
+\frac{\alpha_q}{u^2}   -E_q ) \psi_q(u) =0,
\end{equation}
by using the q--hamiltonian
\begin{equation}
H_q=\frac{-1}{\mu}L_- - \mu A_q L_+,
\end{equation}
where we used the realization $p_u=iD_q(u)$ and
\begin{equation}
\label{all}
\alpha_q \equiv -\frac{q^{-1/2} + q^{1/2}}{2\mu } \alpha .
\end{equation}

To reproduce the undeformed equation (\ref{so}) and the
definitions of (\ref{ec}) in the $q=1$ limit,
the constants $A_q$ and $\alpha_q$ should be chosen to satisfy
\begin{eqnarray}
A_{q=1}=\frac{1}{2}\omega^2\mu ,\nonumber \\
\alpha_{q=1}=\frac{-1}{2\mu} (\nu^2-1/4 ). \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
$D_q(u)$ is the q-deformed derivative  defined as \cite{vil}
\begin{equation}
\label{qd}
D_q(u)f(u) \equiv \frac{f(u)-f(qu)}{(1-q)u} .
\end{equation}

The variable change suggested by (\ref{ct})
\begin{equation}
u=\exp (-x/2),
\end{equation}
leads to  the q-deformed Schr\"{o}dinger equation
for the Morse potential
\begin{equation}
\label{qsm}
(-\frac{1}{2\mu} {\cal D}_q^2(x) +
A_q  e^{-2x}
-E_qe^{-x} +\alpha_q)\phi_q(x) =0.
\end{equation}
Here the wave function $\phi_q$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\label{pqx}
\phi_q(x)=e^x\psi_q(e^{-x/2}),
\end{equation}
and the coefficient $\alpha_q$ is identified with the energy
of the q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the Morse potential
\begin{equation}
\label{qmpe}
E_q^{\rm M} \equiv \alpha_q.
\end{equation}

The kinetic term is defined as
\begin{equation}
\label{cd2}
{\cal D}_q^2(x) \equiv  \frac{1}{(1-q)^2}
[1-\frac{1+q}{q}e^{2\ln q} e^{-2\ln q\partial_x } +\frac{1}{q}
e^{4\ln q}e^{-4\ln q\partial_x}],
\end{equation}
which in the $q=1$ limit becomes
\[
\lim_{q\rightarrow 1}{\cal D}_q^2(x) =\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2} .
\]
Obviously, the kinetic term (\ref{cd2}) is an unusual one. The origin of
this fact lies in the observation that the undeformed
Morse potential Schr\"{o}dinger equation
itself can be viewed as a deformed object whose deformation
parameter is the scale of $x$ \cite{bd}.

Similar to the nondeformed case,
by using the q--hamiltonian
\begin{equation}
H_q^M \equiv   \frac{-1}{4\mu } M_- -A_q M_+
\end{equation}
where the realization $p=i{\cal D}$ and the identification
of $\alpha$ as given in (\ref{all})
the q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation
(\ref{qsm}) can be written as an algebraic eigenvalue equation
\begin{equation}
H\psi_q  =B \psi_q .
\end{equation}

\section{Solutions of the q-Schr\"{o}dinger equations}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{5.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

Inspired by the form of the undeformed solution
(\ref{ef}), we try to build the solutions of
(\ref{sc1}) on the ground state of the
q--Schr\"{o}dinger
equation of
the harmonic oscillator
(obtained by setting $\alpha_q=0$ in (\ref{sc1})) given
in terms of the q--exponential \cite{dd}
\begin{equation}
e_q(z^2) =1+\sum_{n=1}^\infty \left(
\prod_{k=1}^n
\frac{2(1-q)}{1-q^{2k}} \right) z^{2n},
\end{equation}
which is defined to satisfy
\[
D_q(z)e_q(z^2) =2ze_q(z^2).
\]
In terms of the constants
$\mu ,\ \omega$ and $\ti{\nu}$ which can be identified, respectively, as the
mass, frequency of the harmonic oscillator and the generalization
of $\nu ,$ let us choose
\begin{eqnarray}
A_q  &  =     & \frac{\mu}{2}q^{2\ti{\nu} +2}\omega^{\prime 2} , \label{aaq} \\
\alpha_q &  =   & \frac{1}{2\mu} [\ti{\nu} +1/2]_q [\ti{\nu} -1/2]_q ,\label{aoq}
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{equation}
 \omega^\prime  = \frac{q^{-\ti{\nu}+1/2} [\omega ]_q [2\ti{\nu} +2]_q}{[\ti{\nu} +3/2]_qq +
 [\ti{\nu}+1/2]_q} ,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{co}
[ O  ]_q \equiv
\frac{1-q^O}{1-q}.
\end{equation}

One can easily verify that the wave
function
\begin{equation}
\label{gs}
\psi_{0,q}(u)=u^{\ti{\nu} +1/2}e_q(-\mu \omega^\prime u^2/2),
\end{equation}
is the solution of (\ref{sc1})
with the energy
\begin{equation}
\label{gse}
E_{0,q}    =  \frac{[\omega ]_q}{2} [2\ti{\nu} +2]_q .
\end{equation}
Since (\ref{gs}) and (\ref{gse}) are
the generalizations of the ground
state wave function
and energy of the undeformed Schr\"{o}dinger equation,
we identify $\psi_{0,q}(u)$ as  the ground state
of the q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation (\ref{sc1}).

We then start to build the other solutions on the ground state (\ref{gs}).
Introduce the {\it Ansatz} for the n{\it th} state
\begin{equation}
\label{hsd}
\psi_{n,q} \equiv L_{n,q} (u) \psi_0(u,q^n),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\psi_0(u,q^n) \equiv u^{\ti{\nu} +1/2}e_q(\frac{-\mu \omega^\prime u^2}{2 q^{n}}).
\end{equation}
Substituting (\ref{hsd}) into (\ref{sc1}) we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
-\frac{1}{2\mu} D^2_q(u) L_{n,q} (u) +
[2]_qq^{-1}\left(\frac{\omega^\prime}{2}q^{\ti{\nu} -n+1/2} u -
\frac{1}{2\mu}[\ti{\nu} +1/2]_q u^{-1} \right) D_q(u) L_{n,q} (qu)   \nonumber \\
+A_qu^2\left( L_{n,q} (u) -q^{-2n}L_{n,q} (q^2u) \right)+
\frac{\alpha_q}{u^2}\left(L_{n,q} (u)-L_{n,q} (q^2u)  \right)   \nonumber \\
+q^{-n}E_{0,q}L_{n,q} (q^2u) -E_{n,q}L_{n,q} (u)  =0. \hspace{.4cm} \label{dql}
\end{eqnarray}

Since we look for solutions possessing the correct $q=1$ limit,
we only deal  with
$n={\rm even }$ eigenfunctions
and write
\begin{equation}
L_{n,q}(u)=\sum_{k=0}^{n/2} a_{2k}^{(n)}u^{2k}.
\end{equation}
Inserting the above polynomial into
(\ref{dql}) we arrive at the three term recursion relations
\begin{equation}
\label{rr}
{\cal P}_{2k}^{(n)} a_{2k}^{(n)} +{\cal R}_{2k}^{(n)} a_{2k-2}^{(n)}
+ {\cal Q}_{2k}^{(n)}a_{2k-4}^{(n)}=0;\  1\leq k\leq n/2 + 1,
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
{\cal Q}^{(n)}_2 = {\cal P}^{(n)}_{n+2}= 0,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal P}_{2k}^{(n)} & = &  -\frac{1}{2\mu}[2k]_q[2k-1]_q -\frac{[2]_q}{2\mu q}
[\ti{\nu} +1/2 ]_q[2k]_qq^{2k} +\alpha_q(1-q^{4k}), \\
{\cal R}_{2k}^{(n)} & = &  \frac{\omega^\prime}{2}[2]_q q^{-(\ti{\nu} +n-2k +3/2)} [2k-2]_q
+q^{-n+4k-4}E_{0,q} -E_{n,q}, \\
{\cal Q}_{2k}^{(n)} & = & A_q (1-q^{-2n+4k-8}).
\end{eqnarray}

(\ref{rr}) can be transformed into the two term
recursion relations
\begin{equation}
\label{ss}
{\cal S}_{2l}^1(n) a_{2l}^{(n)} +{\cal S}_{2l}^2(n)
a^{(n)}_{2l-2}=0;\  1\leq l\leq n/2 + 1,
\end{equation}
and an $(n/2 +1)${\it th} order equation for the energy eigenvalue
$E_{n,q}$
\begin{equation}
\label{sek}
\sum_{k=0}^{n/2 +1}f_k(n,q) E_{n,q}^k=0.
\end{equation}
Here ${\cal S}^{1,2}_{2l}(n),$ the coefficients
$f_k(n,q)$  and then the energy $E_{n,q}$
should be found for each $n.$
To be sure that the energy eigenvalues $E_{n,q}$
lead to the correct $q=1$ limit, we define
\begin{equation}
\label{enq}
E_{n,q}=\frac{[\omega ]_q}{2}
[2n +2\ti{\nu} +2]_q +K_{n,q} ,
\end{equation}
where $K_{n,q}$ will be found as the solution of (\ref{sek})
subject to the condition
\[
K_{n,q=1}=0.
\]

To have an insight, let us deal with  $n=2$ case:

Solution of the q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation (\ref{sc1})
is
\begin{equation}
\label{n2s}
\psi_{2,q}=(a_0^{(2)}+a_2^{(2)}u^2 )
u^{\ti{\nu} +1/2}e_q(-\frac{\mu \omega^\prime }{2 q}u^2),
\end{equation}
whose coefficients satisfy
\begin{eqnarray}
\{ [2]_q +q[2]^2_q [\ti{\nu}+1/2]_q + 2\mu \alpha_q(q^4-1)
\} a_2^{(2)}
+ \{ \mu [\omega ]_q q^{2\ti{\nu}} [4]_q +2\mu K_{2,q} \} a_0^{(2)}
 =   0, \hspace{.4cm} \label{21} \\
\{ \omega^\prime [2]^2_q q^{-\ti{\nu} +1/2} -[\omega ]_q q^{-2}[4]_q -2K_{2,q} \} a_2^{(2)}
+2A_q(1-q^{-4})a_0^{(2)}
 =   0. \hspace{.4cm} \label{22}
\end{eqnarray}
We can choose $a_2^{(2)}=1,$ then (\ref{21}) leads to
\begin{equation}
a_0^{(2)} =\frac{
\{ [2]_q +q[2]^2_q [\ti{\nu}+1/2]_q + 2\mu \alpha_q(q^4-1)\} }{
\mu [\omega ]_q q^{2\ti{\nu}} [4]_q +2\mu K_{2,q} } ,
\end{equation}
where due to (\ref{22}) $K_{2,q}$ satisfies
the second order equation
\begin{equation}
\label{efk}
K_{2,q}^2+\alpha (q)K_{2,q}+\beta (q)=0,
\end{equation}
with the coefficients given by
\begin{eqnarray}
\alpha (q)=\frac{[\omega ]_q}{2}\{ \frac{[2]_q q^2 [-2\ti{\nu} -1]_q}{[\ti{\nu} +3/2]_q
[\ti{\nu} +1/2]_q} + [4]_q(q^{-2}+q^{2 \ti{\nu}})\}, \nonumber \\
\beta (q)=\frac{-1}{4\mu}A_q(1- q^{-4}
\{ [2]_q +q[2]^2_q [\ti{\nu}+1/2]_q + 2\mu \alpha_q(q^4-1)\} ) .
\end{eqnarray}
Only one of the two solutions of (\ref{efk})  satisfy
$K_{2,q=1}=0$ condition:
\begin{equation}
K_{2,q}=\frac{-1}{2}\alpha (q) +\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\alpha^2(q)-4\beta (q)}.
\end{equation}

The calculations for the higher states can be carried
out in a straightforward manner in spite of their
messy character.

To obtain the  energy eigenvalues of the q-Morse
problem one should solve $\ti{\nu}$ in terms of $E_{n,q}$ from
(\ref{enq})  as
$\ti{\nu}_{n,q} =\ti{\nu} (n,\omega ,q, E_{n,q}),$ with
$E_{n,q}$ now playing the role of the coefficient of the q--Morse
potential. Inserting this into (\ref{aoq}) and using the identification
(\ref{qmpe}) one arrives at
\[
E_{n,q}^{{\rm M}}=
\frac{1}{2\mu} [\ti{\nu} (n,\omega ,q, E_{n,q}) +1/2]_q
[\ti{\nu} (n,\omega ,q, E_{n,q})-1/2]_q .
\]
Obviously, the wave functions which are the solutions of
the q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the Morse potential
(\ref{qsm}) corresponding to the above energy eigenvalues are
given by
\begin{equation}
\label{pqxn}
\phi_{n,q}(x)=e^x\psi_{n,q}(e^{-x/2}).
\end{equation}

As an illustration it is enough to present the formulas for
the ground state:

$\ti{\nu}_{0,q}$ can be solved as
\begin{equation}
\ti{\nu} (0,\omega ,q, E_{0,q})
=\frac{\ln \{ 1-\frac{2(1-q)}{[\omega ]_q}E_{0,q}\} }{2\ln q} -1.
\end{equation}
Hence the q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation
(\ref{qsm})  possesses the ground state solution
\begin{equation}
\label{pqx0}
\phi_{0,q}(x)=e^x \exp\left( \frac{-x}{4\ln q}
\ln \{ 1-\frac{2(1-q)}{[\omega ]_q}E_{0,q}\}
 +\frac{x}{2} +\frac{1}{4} \right) e_q\left(
-\frac{\mu\omega^\prime}{2} e^{-x} \right)
\end{equation}
with the energy
\begin{equation}
E_{0,q}^{\rm M}=\frac{1}{2\mu}
\left[
\frac{\ln \{ 1-\frac{2(1-q)}{[\omega ]_q}E_{0,q}\} }{2\ln q} -\frac{1}{2}
\right]_q
\left[
\frac{\ln \{ 1-\frac{2(1-q)}{[\omega ]_q}E_{0,q}\} }{2\ln q} -\frac{3}{2}
\right]_q .
\end{equation}

\section{Discussions}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{6.\arabic{equation}}
\setcounter{equation}{0}

Application of a q--canonical transformation enabled us to obtain
q--Morse potential consistent with the deformed oscillator like potential
$V=u^2 +1/u^2.$ Polynomial solutions of the q--Schr\"{o}dinger
equation of the latter (\ref{sc1}) lead to a new definition of
q--Laguerre polynomials (\ref{dql}). (\ref{sc1})
is an eigenvalue equation which does not involve the first q--derivatives.
The other definitions of
q--Laguerre polynomials \cite{ql} can be shown to lead
after a suitable coordinate change  and
wave function {\it Ansatz} to
equations which are essentially of the form
\begin{equation}
\label{le}
D^2_q(u) \phi (u) + \nu (u) \phi (qu) -c_q \phi (u) =0,
\end{equation}
where $c_q$ is a constant which can be vanishing.

Obviously  (\ref{le}) leads to the Schr\"{o}dinger equation in $q=1$
limit, but it is not an eigenvalue equation as in (\ref{sc1}):
the scaling operator is equivalent to
the first order q--derivative.

Of course, one can always add some terms which are vanishing in $q=1$
limit to the q--deformed objects without altering the non-deformed
limit. Thus, if we permit the appearance of scaling operator in
q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation there can be infintely many varieties.
In our approach however there is only one possible definition
of q--Schr\"{o}dinger equation.

Orthogonality properties of the q--Laguerre polynomials hence the
inner product of the related Hilbert space should be studied to
discuss the hermiticity properties of
the q--deformed objects.

\pagebreak

\newcommand{\bibitem}{\bibitem}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home » Collections » Finding Aids » Otto Meyerhof Papers
Otto Meyerhof Papers UPT 50 M613
Otto Meyerhof, 1948
Get more image details
UPT 50: Personal Papers
Faculty (Individuals)
Access to collections is granted in accordance with the Protocols for the University Archives and Records Center.
Download this finding aid as a PDF
Theresa R. Snyder
Date [inclusive]
Gift of Gottfried Meyerhof, March 1987 and January 1992.
The papers of Otto Meyerhof are organized in five series and include Letters to Gottfried Meyerhof, 1934-1951; Correspondence with American Scientists, 1941-1951; Correspondence with European Scientists, 1943-1951; Professional papers, 1913-1951; and Personal papers, 1900-1980. The letters to Gottfried Meyerhof are arranged in reverse chronological order while the correspondence with American and European scientists are arranged alphabetically. The principles of provenance were followed in organizing these series. Because many of the European scientists ultimately transplanted their careers to the United States as a result of World War II, it is advisable to check both series for a particular scientist.
Access is granted in accordance with the "Protocols for the University Archives and Records Center," 1990.
Otto Meyerhof was born in Hanover on April 12, 1884, the son of Felix and Bettina May Meyerhof. Meyerhof earned his M.D. from the University of Heidelberg in 1909. He joined the medical clinic of Ludolf Krehl and while there was influenced by Otto Warburg to turn his attention and interest from psychology and philosophy to cellular physiology. From 1909 to 1911 he worked at the zoological station at Naples. Meyerhof accepted an appointment at the institute of physiology at the University of Kiel in 1912 becoming a lecturer in 1913 and associate professor in 1918. In 1924 he was appointed a member of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Biology and in 1929 became the director of the department of physiology at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Medical Research. In 1938, Meyerhof began his migration away from Nazi Germany, ultimately, with the aid of the Rockefeller Foundation, emigrating to the United States in 1940. He accepted a position at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine as professor of biochemistry. He remained with the University until his death in 1951.
Meyerhof first conducted experiments on the energy changes in cellular respiration. This research led to discoveries on lactic acid and its relation to muscular energy. In 1923, he and A.V. Hill won the Nobel Peace prize for their important discoveries on this topic. In 1925 Meyerhof successfully extracted the enzymes that convert glycogen to lactic acid from the muscle. Subsequent research confirmed work done by Gustav Embden in 1933, and together they are credited with discovering the Embden-Meyerhof pathway — the pathway involved in the conversion of glucose to lactic acid.
Meyerhof was an honorary member of the Harvey Society, the Royal Society of London, and Sigma Xi. In addition to his accomplishments in science, Meyerhof wrote poetry. He married Hedwig Schallenberg. Together they had three children, Gottfried Meyerhof, Walter Erst Meyerhof, and Mrs. Donald E. Emerson.
This small but important collection documents a range of professional and personal activities of Otto Meyerhof. Letters represent the bulk of the collection and these are divided by topic. Letters from Otto Meyerhof to his son, Gottfried Meyerhof, written in English and in German, are rich in details of daily life including his professional interests as well as his travels through Europe as he fled Nazism. The correspondence with American and European scientist overlap somewhat and cover a range issues. There is information and advice on scientific experiments as well as letters of recommendation for colleagues escaping Germany during World War II.
Correspondents include E. Elisabeth Blencke, F.L. Breusch, Carl F. Cori, H.J. Deuticke, M. Dubuisson, Encyclopedia Hebraica, Hermann O.L. Fischer, L. Genevois, Walter Guttman, A. Szent Gyorgyi, Otto Hahn, A.V. Hill, W. Kiessling, Richard Kuhn, Julius Kraft, M.V. Laue, Rudolph Landenburg, Fritz A. Lippman, Herman Mark, Karl Mechlenberg, Gottfried Meyerhof, A.V. Muralt, David Nachmansohn, Hans Nachod, Severo Ochoa, Paul Ohlmeyer, George Sarton, Walter Schultz, Harlow Shapely, R. Siebeck, F.W. Spemann, Arthur Vandyk, George Wald, Otto Warburg, Hans Weber, and D. Wright Wilson.
There is a small group of professional papers including information on the Emergency Society of German Scholars in Exile, a listing of his experiments from 1913 to 1938, articles and reprints, and Metabolism and Function , a collection of essays dedicated to Otto Meyerhof in 1950. Personal items such as poetry, photographs, memorials, clippings, and his final diary finish out the collection.
Controlled Access Headings
Corporate Name(s)
Emergency Society of German Scholars in Exile.
Encyclopaedia Hebraica.
University of Pennsylvania. School of Medicine.
Personal Name(s)
Blencke, E. Elisabeth.
Breusch, F. L.
Cori, C. F., (Carl Ferdinand), 1896-1984
Deuticke, H. J.
Dubuisson, Marcel.
Fischer, Hermann O. L.
Genevois, Louis.
Guttmann, Walter, b 1873
Hahn, Otto.
Hill, A. V., (Archibald Vivian), 1886-
Kiessling, Wilhelm.
Kraft, Julius, 1898-1960
Kuhn, Richard, 1900-1967
Landenburg, Rudolph.
Laue, Max von, 1879-1960
Lippman, Fritz.
Mark, H. F., (Herman Francis), 1895-1992
Mechlenberg, Karl.
Meyerhof, George Geoffry.
Muralt, Alexander von, 1903-1990
Nachmansohn, David, 1899-1983
Nachod, Hans, 1885-1958
Ochoa, Severo, 1905-1993
Ohlmeyer, Paul.
Sarton, George, 1884-1956
Schulz, Walter.
Shapely, Harlow.
Siebeck, Richard, 1883-1965
Spemann, Friedrich Wilhelm.
Svent-Györgi, Albert,, 1893-1986
Vandyk, Arthur.
Wald, George.
Warburg, Otto Heinrich, 1883-1970
Weber, Hans Hermann, 1896-1974
Wilson, D. Wright
Cell interaction.
Nobel Prizes.
Physiology–Research–Germany.
Physiology–Research–Pennsylvania–Philadelphia.
World War, 1939-1945–Evacuation of civilians.
World War, 1939-1945–Personal narratives, Jewish.
Letters to Goffried Meyerhof
Correspondence with American Scientists
A-B, 1946-1951
C-E, 1946-1948
F, 1941-1951
G, 1945-1949
H-J, 1949
K-L, 1947-1951
M, 1945-1951
N-O, 1941-1951
P-R, 1940-1950
S-T, 1941-1949
U, 1947-1950
W-Z, 1947-1951
Multiple senders and unidentified, 1947-1951
Correspondence with European Scientists
A-C, 1945-1951
D-E, 1946-1949
F-G, 1945-1950
H-J, 1945-1951
N, 1950
O, 1945-1951
P, 1944-1949
Q-R, 1945-1951
S, 1946-1951
T-U, 1949-1950
V, 1943-1949
Emergency Society of German Scholars in Exile, 1945-1946
Experiments, 1913-1938
Articles and reprints, n.d.
Third party abstracts and articles, 1933-1947
Metabolism and Function — Dedicated to Otto Meyerhof, 1950
Poetry / Writings, 1900-1947
Speech, Anniversary Dinner, 1943
Diary, 1950
Photographic prints, 1919-1948
Memorials, 1951-1980, n.d.
Publications re Nobel Peace Prize, 1923-1931
Clippings, 1937-1963


Overload API methods with care – Java, SQL and jOOQ.
Overloading methods is a strong concept in API design, especially when your API is a fluent API or DSL (Domain Specific Language). This is the case for jOOQ, where you often want to use the exact same method name for various means of interaction with the library.
When developing with Eclipse, the Java 5 world seems more shiny than it really is. Varargs and generics were introduced as syntactic sugar in Java 5. They don't really exist in that way in the JVM. That means, the compiler has to link method invocations correctly, inferring types if needed, and creating synthetic methods in some cases. According to the JLS (Java Language Specification), there is a lot of ambiguity when varargs/generics are employed in overloaded methods.
// It's equivalent to this one.
But the trouble arises when <T> is bound to Object!
When <T> is bound to Object, all of a sudden both methods apply, and according to the JLS, none of them is more specific! While the Eclipse compiler is usually a bit more lenient (and in this case intuitively links the second method), the javac compiler doesn't know what to do with this call. And there is no way around it. You cannot cast field4 to Field or to Field<Object> to force the linker to link to the second method. That's pretty bad news for an API designer.
There is more trouble for API designers, that I will document some other time.
Pingback: How to Ensure Your Code Works With Older JDKs – Java, SQL and jOOQ.


text:
Biggest Social Networking Company Purchase WhatsApp
Sam February 28, 2014 2 min read
Facebook Inc.'s purchase of mobile messaging service Whatsapp Inc. for $19 billion in stock and cash is by far the company's largest acquisition and bigger than any which Microsoft, Google or Apple had ever done.
WhatsApp being the leader among Smartphone based messaging apps which is sweeping all across Asia, North America and Europe is known to appeal to many users especially teens who tend to avoid the mainstream social networks.
Facebook favors WhatsApp for its audience of young adults as well as teenagers who are using the service to get engaged in online conversation outside Facebook that has evolved into a mainstream hangout by parents, bosses at work and grandparents as well.
WhatsApp messaging service for Smartphone enables users to chat with their phone contacts both one on one as well as in groups. Moreover, the service enables people to send texts, photos, video and voice recordings across the internet and also permits users to communicate with people overseas at no charge for costly international text and phone calls.
Founder and Employees granted Restricted Stock
The world's biggest social networking company will be paying $12 billion in Facebook stock and $4 billion in cash for WhatApps, it was reported. In addition to it, the app's founder and employees which are around 55 in all will also be granted restricted stock worth $3 billion which will vest four years later after the closure of the deal. The deal is expected to close somewhere later this year.
WhatsApp, Separate Service for Facebook
Gartner analyst Brian Blau comments saying that `this is a bet on the future for Facebook and they are aware that they have to expand their business line. WhatsApp is in the business of collecting people's conversation and hence Facebook is going to get some great data'. Facebook, it has been reported saying, that it will keep WhatsApp as a separate service similar to Instagram which it bought for around $715.3 million two years ago and WhatsApp has more than 450 million monthly active users while twitter in comparison had 241 million users by the end of 2013.
"According to CEO, Mark Zucherberg, WhatsApp seems to be on the path to reach a billion users"
Tags: 19billion Apps Facebook Internet Whatsapp
Previous Laser Network with an Advantage for Stock Trading
Next Where to get best deals on Mobile phones in India
1 thought on "Biggest Social Networking Company Purchase WhatsApp"
Social media Marketing says:
This was the big purchase in the last month and Facebook is expanding the business.


Giuseppe Pettine (pictured here in 1898 with his Vega mandolin) was a mandolin virtuoso who emigrated with his family from Italy to the U.S. in 1889.
He published a comprehensive 6 volume Mandolin Method, and worked with Vega instruments of Boston to refine mandolin design. He also developed his own line of mandolin picks, which bear his name.
As a composer he greatly contributed to the mandolin repertoire, writing original music for solo mandolin and mandolin in combination with other instruments.


text:
Sabine Mazay (eigentlich Sabine Mazajczyk; * 18. Mai 1967) ist eine deutsche Synchronsprecherin.

Leben
Hauptsächlich leiht Mazay verschiedenen Sprechern in Animationsfilmen und -serien ihre Stimme. Am bekanntesten ist sie durch ihre Rolle in Eureka – Die geheime Stadt sowie als Nala Se im Star-Wars-Kosmos.

Synchronrollen (Auswahl)
 2006–2012: Eureka – Die geheime Stadt – Salli Richardson-Whitfield als Allison Blake
 2012–2014, 2020: Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Gwendoline Yeo als Nala Se (2. Stimme)
 2016–2017: The Lodge – Ellie Taylor als Christina
 2017–2019: The Gifted – Erinn Ruth als Evangeline
 seit 2019: The Umbrella Academy – Jordan Claire Robbins als Grace / Mom
 seit 2021: Star Wars: The Bad Batch – Gwendoline Yeo als Nala Se
 2023: Navy CIS: L.A. für Lesley Boone als Nina Barnes

Weblinks

Synchronsprecher
Deutscher
Geboren 1967
Frau


When it comes to special diets, veganism inspires many questions: What is it? What can and can't you eat? Why choose a vegan diet?
A vegan diet is one that excludes animal products (meat, seafood, eggs, dairy, and sometimes honey). Many vegans choose toiletries and cosmetic products that do not contain animal products and were not tested on animals, and also avoid clothing produced from animals.
Veganism may seem like an easy transition or a radical change, depending on your current diet. But by approaching it as an opportunity to explore new foods and enrich your current recipe repertoire, rather than a restrictive diet, veganism can be a healthy and gratifying lifestyle choice.
For inspiration, solid advice and dependable recipes, check the bookshelves of your food co-op for publications about vegan health and cooking. And be sure to check out our many vegan recipes.
Don't be afraid to experiment. You may be surprised at how well your favorite cookie recipe works with an egg substitute, or how many varieties of veggie burgers you can make (or buy).
Have you ever tried eating vegan? What's the hardest part? The best part?


Two men lead an effort to rebuild a cinema in Jenin.
While Captain Abu Raed is Jordan's first feature in 50 years, a healthy community of short film producers is alive here.
DFI takes a cruise around Doha harbor…on a piece of local history.


We are extremely excited about the launch of our New Range SnackTime. With over 20 varieties of Fruit & Nut Snacks, this range is all about Health, portion size and snacking. Bag weights are between 35g-45g. The majority of items are low in salt and sweetened with naturally occurring sugars. What are you waiting for ...Order today!!


text:
Somali Army kills 17 al-Shabaab terrorists in fierce firefight
Al-Shabaab terrorists.
On Wednesday, Somali military forces repulsed an attack by Al-Shabaab terrorists who were attempting to capture the Somali national army base in Daynuney, according to government reports.
Daynuney is a small town located 25 kilometers (15 miles) from Baidoa, the Bay region's administrative capital. The town has frequently been a target of the terrorist group. For the past several years there have been attacks against it. Before Wednesday's attack, the town had again been targeted a month ago.
During the pitched fighting, the government claimed to have killed 17 terrorists and wounded another 23. Eight Somali Army troops were killed, including a senior commander. A convoy of quick reaction forces coming to the aid of the base was hit by a roadside bomb, damaging vehicles and wounding several soldiers.
Somali government forces have stepped up operations against al-Shabaab in the southern region of the country in recent months. They have kept the terrorist group pushed into the rural areas. However, al-Shabaab has continued to be active there, planting landmines, and conducting ambush operations against the military.
Al-Shabaab acknowledged responsibility for the attack.
Somali government spokesman Ismail Mukhtar Oronjo confirmed in Anadolu Agency in a telephone interview that an army commander was among those killed on Wednesday's attack.
Mohamed Abdullahi, commander of SNA's 60th Unit in a statement to the media said that al-Shabab militants attacked the base in Daynuney village, but the Somali Army forces defeated them and forced them back.
Read Next: Somali Military captures strategic al-Shabaab stronghold
"The militants' attempt to overrun the base was foiled as the army fought them bravely killing 17 of them including three senior officials and injuring 23 others," Abdullahi said.
Al-Shabaab (which means Mujahadeen Youth Movement) was the armed wing of the Islamic Courts Union that was defeated by the Somali military in 2006. It then split away from the Courts Union and became al-Shabaab. The group was designated a terrorist group by the United States in 2008. This was followed by similar designations by Australia, Norway, New Zealand, Canada, the U.K., Singapore, and the U.A.E.
In 2012, al-Shabaab pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda and to its leader, Ayman al-Zawahiri.
AFRICOM reported that al-Shabaab, al-Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), and the Nigeria-based Boko Haram (BH) were attempting to synchronize and coordinate their activities in terms of sharing funds, training, and explosives.
Al-Shabaab was behind the 2017 truck-bomb attack in the capital Mogadishu that killed nearly 600 people, the worst attack Somalian history.
A few weeks ago, Foreign Policy posted an article saying that al-Shabaab is receiving direct aid from both Iran and Russia.
According to the piece, Iran is financially rewarding al-Shabaab members for attacking the United States' interests in Somalia — something that Russia also does in Afghanistan. Using proxy networks, the Iranians are using al-Shabaab to undermine U.S. influence in the region and to transit weapons to countries such as Kenya, Tanzania, South Sudan, Mozambique, and the Central African Republic. The Iranians are also reportedly utilizing al-Shabaab to funnel weapons to Houthi rebels in Yemen.
The Iranians have provided cash, more sophisticated weapons, improvised explosive devices, mortars, and chemicals used to make bombs. They were behind the al-Shabaab attacks on U.S. bases in Somalia and northern Kenya.
The Russians are also forging ties with al-Shabaab through their military intelligence service and through the mercenary Wagner Group. The Russians, specifically, are interested in ousting the United States from their former base at Baledogle. The base was built in the Cold War by the Soviet Union; it was its major hub in the Horn of Africa. It is now used by the U.S. in drone operations against the terrorist group.
So, while al-Shabaab remains an al-Qaeda affiliate, it receives support from both Iran and Russia, with the expressed aim of forcing the United States out of Africa.
Somali Military captures strategic al-Shabaab stronghold
Somali Army targets al-Shabaab terrorists in order to curtail violence
Why the Somali Danab SOF Is Vital to the US and to Defeating al-Shabaab
US Airstrike Kills al-Shabaab Extremist Leader in Somalia


I am going to humble myself today and ask that if you read this blog, to help me out a little.
I have enjoyed watching my readership grow and love bringing you ideas and fun things to look at. However, my following is much lower that I would like. The number of followers and the daily stats are not matching up. A lot of times I find myself perusing a blog and forgetting to follow it, so I am guilty of not being an avid reader of some things. But that's bad for the blog I read, because they lose one more person to solidify the notion that they are writing something that reaches people. While that may sound self-centered a little bit, it's important as a blogger to feel like your efforts are not in vain. Blogging is one of my favorite things to do but it is work as well and, like in most work endeavors, you want to see the fruits of your labor. For bloggers, and me personally, that is the fact the you like it and enjoy it and show that support by adding the blog to your Google Reader, following, commenting and taking part. It's how I grow, adjust and know what to bring you.
So, now that I have poured my heart out, I genuinely want this blog to continue to grow. I want to make connections and bring you what you want. If you wouldn't mind becoming a follower, please do so. I would love to have you be a part of my Fanciful Ink community. If you already are a dedicated reader, I want to know! Leave a comment, shoot me an email (fancifulink@gmail.com), tweet me (@fancifulink) or like my Facebook page! I would appreciate it more than you will ever know. Little things like that keep me motivated and on fire!
-My new home tour! Everything is just about complete so I will be posting photos soon!
-Invitations from a long-time friend and Fanciful Ink bride, Morgan, who is getting married in a week!
-Mood boards for 4 other lovely Fanciful Ink brides whose weddings are all in the fall.
Thank you for being a reader. I'm so grateful for your commitment. I hope we can grow together in a fanciful way!


text:
CityPage
Book Cheap Flights to Amritsar
About Amritsar
Amritsar offers a unique opportunity to feel the divine touch of Sikhism before losing yourself in the trademark chaotic jingle jangle of India's colourful streets. It is the administrative headquarters of the Amritsar district and provides a home and haven for a population of 2.5 million people. Attractions include the iconic Golden Temple, Jallianwala Bagh and Durgiana Temple.
Feel the unforgettable warm embrace of India with cheap flights to Amritsar. Amritsar is home to Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International Airport (ATQ), which is a 20-minute drive from the vibrant Amritsar city centre.
Why visit Amritsar
The temples and holy shrines of Amritsar are legendary, sought out by devout locals and religious travellers, curious about the divine energy that lay within. The Golden Temple is iconic.
From the effervescing streets of Katra Jaimal Singh Bazaar and Shastri Market, to the sacred grandeur of Akal Takht and Durgiana Temple, the city of Amritsar bristles with electric energy.
Amritsar offers some of the best street food in India. Wander through the bustling streets and lose yourself in the tantalising flavours of dal makhani, jalebis, kulche and gulab jamun.
Essential details you need to know before your trip
Punjabi / Hindi
Hub Airport
Sri Guru Ram Das Jee International Airport
GMT +5.30
Standard type C, D & M
Best time to visit Amritsar
Amritsar experiences a semi-arid climate which is characterised by three distinct seasons: summer, winter, and the monsoon season. The summer season stretches from April to June. Temperatures are sweltering during these months, easily climbing to 49 degrees Celsius. The city is sticky and dusty during these months. The monsoon sweeps over the city from July to October. Mild to heavy rainfall offers relief to the scorched streets and covers the city in a beautiful sheen. Clouds fill the skies during these months and temperatures ease up considerably. The winter season begins in November and lingers over the city until March. Temperatures retreat dramatically, falling to a minimum of 4 degrees Celsius and peaking at 18 degrees Celsius. The city becomes nippy during these months, but is considered the ideal time for sightseeing. The spirited festivities of Baisakhi Festival grip the city in April; the tantalising Mango Mela celebrations happens from June to July. The thrilling Kila Raipur Sports Festival happens in February; and the holy festival of Hola Mohalla stirs the city on the second day of the lunar month of Chett.
Weather & Climate in Amritsar
Average temperature (°C) & rainfall (mm) per month
4°C 7°C 11°C 16°C 20°C 23°C 24°C 24°C 21°C 15°C 9°C 5°C
Rainfall (mm)
20 30 60 40 20 40 190 120 70 20 20 20
Amritsar is the pulsing heart of the 500 year old Sikh faith. Situated in the north western region of Punjab, a province strongly influenced by Sufism, Amritsar represents the religious, spiritual and cultural centre of the Sikh community. It was chosen as one of the heritage cities for the Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana scheme.
A number of sacred sites dot the city. The Golden Temple (or Sri Harmandir Sahib) is the holiest Gurdwara of Sikhism and the most iconic temples in Punjab. Other interesting and significant sites around the city include, the Jallianwala Bagh memorial and ancient pilgrimage centre Ram Tirath.
Immerse yourself in the divine pulsations of Amritsar for an unforgettable journey into a world built upon extraordinary faith, deep spirituality and blazing history. Scintillating and sacred, the city of Amritsar is a sacred treasure that will reveal to you the irresistible soul of India.
Compare several airlines, and book your cheap flights to Amritsar online at Travelstart!
Amritsar is considered safe. However, crime does happen, so it is advisable to take certain precautions and maintain vigilance as you would in any other unfamiliar city. Travel insurance to cover theft and medical expenses is highly recommended.
Women should remain extremely vigilant while travelling through Amritsar, particularly if travelling alone. Avoid wandering around at night and travelling alone in cabs and buses. Women will also be expected to dress conservatively. Avoid carrying around large sums of cash, valuables and important documents, as pick-pocketing and bag snatching can happen.
Avoid dehydration, heat stroke, and sunburn by drinking plenty of water and using sunscreen with a high SPF. Bottled water is recommended. Proof of yellow fever vaccination is required if you are travelling from a yellow fever endemic area. Other recommended vaccinations include hepatitis A & B, typhoid, tetanus, polio, MMR, influenza and Japanese encephalitis. Medication should be taken and mosquito bites avoided, as India is at risk for malaria and dengue fever.
Amritsar offers a superb selection of accommodation.
These range from lavish hotels housed in 200-year old mansions, holiday inns offering trademark Punjabi decadence and quirky hostels hidden behind colourful façades. Free Sarai accommodation is also available for pilgrims within the iconic Golden Temple.
Accommodation in Amritsar is abundant. Hotels, guest houses, bed and breakfasts, inns and hostels are scattered throughout the city. A high concentration can be found within the boundaries of the city centre, while others fan out, sprawling across the quieter outskirts of the city.
Amritsar Junction Railway Station is situated in the city centre. It is an intricate sprawl of routes that criss-cross the city and link Amritsar to different parts of the country. High speed trains, Shatabdi and Rajdhani, also operate on these routes. Digital reservation offices are available at the station.
Taxis are a reliable and comfortable way to get around Amritsar, but not necessarily the cheapest. You will have to call one of the taxi operators within the city to order a taxi or order one through reception at your hotel. It is advisable to negotiate fare before making a booking.
Auto-rickshaws and cycle-rickshaws are available in abundance around the city. They are cheapest and most exhilarating mode of transportation. Some peddlers put on traditional Sikh attire and a kirpan to create an authentic and unforgettable experience.
A number of car rental agencies can be found throughout the city. Ask your hotel for a recommendation.
Main attractions in Amritsar
Sikh Museum


text:
WORLD/
Why is South Korea and North Korea Bolstering Military Capabilities Along Their Borders
D-Bo , Nov. 21, 2014, 9:31 a.m.
North and South Korea have been bolstering troops and weapons along the western coast following the North's shelling of Yeonpyeong Island in November 2010. The South upgraded the firepower of artillery units along the west coast shortly after the provocation and is now focusing on drones and tactical airships to deploy in the tense region bordering North Korea.
A military source said Thursday, "We're in the process of procuring a mid- to high-altitude drone that is more advanced than the unmanned reconnaissance aircraft we currently possess." The source added a final decision will be made next month to choose one of two Israeli drones under consideration.
The drones are capable of staying airborne for more than a day and are expected to improve monitoring of the area. A kite-shaped tactical airship that can monitor North Korean military movements around the clock at an altitude of several kilometers will be deployed in the first half of 2015.
The military established a tactical command in 2011 to oversee the defense of the West Sea islands and deployed around 1,200 more troops to the region.
K-9 self-propelled howitzers were the only weapons stationed on Yeonpyeong Island during the North Korean shelling, and now there are four times as many, while multiple launch rocket systems, state-of-the-art anti-artillery radar systems and Cobra attack helicopters were also stationed there.
The military deployed Israeli-made portable Spike missiles to the area last year in order to take out North Korean artillery bunkers hidden along its mountainous coast, while low-altitude radar systems and portable surface-to-air missiles were also stationed on the island.
North Korea stationed between 50 to 60 more 122 mm artillery cannons along the coast of Hwanghae Province. They have a range of 20 km and are capable of hitting South Korea's five West Sea islands.
The North also deployed scores of Mi-2 helicopters at an airbase near the maritime border that can fly at low altitudes and carry special forces across the border without being detected by conventional radar.
North Korea also built a naval base near Baeknyeong Island that can house between 60 to 70 hovercraft.
Meanwhile, memorial events will be held across the nation on Sunday to mark the fourth anniversary of the shelling of Yeonpyeong Island. The Ministry of Patriots and Veterans Affairs has invited around 4,500 guests, including the families of soldiers and civilians who died during the incident, to a ceremony at the War Memorial in Yongsan.