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Ghostly Horizon Activation Code [hack]
Jan Kimmel
Download: >>> http://giphy.com/go/ZmM1ZWMzN2Et
About This GameGhostly Horizon is an intense 3rd-person spell-caster on spherical worlds. In a cute low-poly environment you enjoy crazy battles with 30+ different spells, preferably together with your friends.Focus is placed on both player-skill and teamwork in this matchbased game with quick rounds.There is no story to follow and the aim of the game is to have fun and become a better player to be able to defeat the different game modes in a harder difficulty!And to top the Leaderboards of course!GAMEPLAYGhostly Horizon provides intense and thrilling battles with a focus on player-skill and cooperation.Combat feels dangerous and your winning streak can quickly go down the toilet.So get ready for some awesome battles and clutch saves in this fun and crazy matchbased game.2 Main Game-Modes: Invasion and Survival that can be played in both Singleplayer and in Co-op with up to 10 players!3 Minor Game-Modes: Battle Royale, Conquest and Training Arena where you play either Free-For-All or Teambased PvP.SPHERICAL WORLDThe world in Ghostly Horizon is a round (spherical) planet with completely free and open circumnavigation. There are no borders or restrictions for player-movement.The planet features full day/night cycle with one sun and two moons along with a variety of biomes, including: Desert, leaf-woods, pine-woods, arctic, lakes and more.PLAYER SKILLAll players have the same amount of stats, what matters is how you allocate them to suit your playstyle. Depending on your allocation of stats your character gets adjusted traits such as movement speed, jump height, cooldown time, status effect duration, etc.This together with choosing your spell-elements wisely during gameplay to accommodate your own personal playstyle is what gives you the edge in battle.SPELLSThe vision with spells in Ghostly Horizon is that there shouldn't be two spells that work exactly the same. There are many types of spells: Projectile, Bolt, Spray, Slash, Ray, Instant, Self-targeted. All of these types have a number of spells in them and each one is unique. There are 7 different elements with 4 spells each. A player can have 2 elements active at one time, each element has its own style and which ones the player chooses will alter the playstyle of the player.There are plans on synergy-spells that will arrive in an expansion after release. The player then gets a unique spell that is a merge between the two elements chosen.COOPERATIONA large part of Ghostly Horizon is cooperation, some game-modes require cooperation to be able to take objectives, others don't enforce it. But nonetheless working together will give your team the upper-hand.Healing-spells are designed mainly to be used on your friends, your survivability will most likely raise if you work together and heal each other, before it is too late. You can also work together by casting a boost-ray on your friend to make his spells do more damage, or cast a boost-AoE to make all your allies damage more while inside the area of effect. Fast travel with teleports that are created by 3 or more players casting boost-rays on each other in a circle to conjure up a teleport. It might be risky though, there is a hidden science behind teleports and you might end up popping out of the enemies teleport if you don't know what you are doing.GRAPHICSGhostly Horizon is presented in a low-poly style with a mix of hard and soft gradients in textures. The aim is a stylized, beautiful and cute looking game that makes the intense gameplay and cut-throat battles come as a surprise.We aim at an effortless feeling with a flow in both world-design and graphics-design. b4d347fde0 Title: Ghostly HorizonGenre: Action, Adventure, Indie, Early AccessDeveloper:Bit NursePublisher:Bit NurseRelease Date: 3 Apr, 2018 Ghostly Horizon Activation Code [hack] ghostly horizon. ghostly horizon steam. ghostly horizon gameplay good game but when is the next update?. My first impression of this game was one that wasn't fair to the developer and the game itself. I had issues in the beginning and only after speaking with the developer and actually playing the game did I realize that this game is SUPER FUN and I recommend getting it!! It has AMAZING potential and I hope to see this game BOOM!!!I appreciate the developer getting back to me on this issue. Much respect there it shows true dedication. Also I have to say that after I tried playing the game again it worked fine. The game is early access so it comes with the usual things that are pretty normal, for example: the game runs pretty smooth but something I'd like is the option to invert the camera, I'm a strange one and I can't play without inverting the Y axis. I can't wait to see what the new models for the characters look like and I hope that this game continues to grow. I love ghosts and I love the concept of this game!!!. The creator abandoned his small community, a cool looking game down the drain. good game but when is the next update?. The creator abandoned his small community, a cool looking game down the drain. The core of the game is already here.Cast a number of different spells at the evil carrots (ghosts?) who are trying to kill you.Enjoy the super cool mini map globe.A really cool title with a lot of room to grow.https://youtu.be/dYk0LeFZ5cs. Game is unplayable on mac for me. Glitch in game in which unable to move foward because I keep getting pulled back in my original position even in solo.. My first impression of this game was one that wasn't fair to the developer and the game itself. I had issues in the beginning and only after speaking with the developer and actually playing the game did I realize that this game is SUPER FUN and I recommend getting it!! It has AMAZING potential and I hope to see this game BOOM!!!I appreciate the developer getting back to me on this issue. Much respect there it shows true dedication. Also I have to say that after I tried playing the game again it worked fine. The game is early access so it comes with the usual things that are pretty normal, for example: the game runs pretty smooth but something I'd like is the option to invert the camera, I'm a strange one and I can't play without inverting the Y axis. I can't wait to see what the new models for the characters look like and I hope that this game continues to grow. I love ghosts and I love the concept of this game!!!


Exploring the relationships between housing, neighbourhoods and mental wellbeing for residents of deprived areas.
Background: Housing-led regeneration has been shown to have limited effects on mental health. Considering housing and neighbourhoods as a psychosocial environment, regeneration may have greater impact on positive mental wellbeing than mental ill-health. This study examined the relationship between the positive mental wellbeing of residents living in deprived areas and their perceptions of their housing and neighbourhoods.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 3,911 residents in 15 deprived areas in Glasgow, Scotland. Positive mental wellbeing was measured using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale.
Results: Using multivariate mulit-nomial logistic regressions and controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and physical health status, we found that several aspects of people's residential psychosocial environments were strongly associated with higher mental wellbeing. Mental wellbeing was higher when respondents considered the following: their neighbourhood had very good aesthetic qualities (RRR 3.3, 95% CI 1.9, 5.8); their home and neighbourhood represented personal progress (RRR 3.2 95% CI 2.2, 4.8; RRR 2.6, 95% CI 1.8, 3.7, respectively); their home had a very good external appearance (RRR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3, 5.1) and a very good front door (both an aesthetic and a security/control item) (RRR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2, 3.8); and when satisfaction with their landlord was very high (RRR 2.3, 95% CI 2.2,4.8). Perception of poor neighbourhood aesthetic quality was associated with lower wellbeing (RRR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3, 0.5).
Conclusions: This study has shown that for people living in deprived areas, the quality and aesthetics of housing and neighbourhoods are associated with mental wellbeing, but so too are feelings of respect, status and progress that may be derived from how places are created, serviced and talked about by those who live there. The implication for regeneration activities undertaken to improve housing and neighbourhoods is that it is not just the delivery of improved housing that is important for mental wellbeing, but also the quality and manner of delivery.
Bond, L., Kearns, A., Mason, P., Tannahill, C., Egan, M., and Whitley, E.


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.edu.ng domains, .edu.ng, .edu.ng registration, register .edu.ng, .edu.ng in US, .edu.ng US
.edu.ng Domain Registration
.EDU.NG DOMAIN
The .EDU.NG domain extension is a unique identity and second level domain (SLD) for Nigeria on the internet. The .EDU.NG domain extension is ideal for higher institutions, universities, polytechnics and research institutions interested in expanding their brand or service in Nigeria. Whether an indigene or a foreigner, a .EDU.NG domain registration will give your website the local presence and credibility it needs to succeed and easily reach your target market/audience in Nigeria by helping your SEO ranking on search engines for words in the region.
Register your .edu.ng domain
Yes. There are documents and additional information required to register the domain name.
All registrations on the .EDU.NG SLD would be at the third level. Various departments or institutions under the qualifying institution may then be subdomains and NOT full domains.
To register a .EDU.NG domain, you would need to send us a mail with the following:
A scanned copy of the certificate of accreditation by relevant authorities or any other document that proves that the tertiary institution has been registered.
A scanned copy of a letter on the letterhead of the institution authorizing a member of staff to register the domain on behalf of the institution. This letter should contain the full name, email address, designation, phone number and contact address of this member of staff.
No. There is no Trustee Service (Proxy) available for this domain name extension and it doesn't involve additional cost.
No. ID Protection is not allowed for this domain name extension.
ID Protection is a service that hides your private information (name, address, email, etc.) from being displayed publicly in a global database on WHOIS to reduce spam.
Yes. There are some domain names restricted for the registration of .EDU.NG
Violating rights of third parties, names and activities that are offensive and against international, federal and local laws are prohibited.
Click here for more information about the .EDU.NG domain restrictions.
The .EDU.NG is a closed one and reserved only for tertiary academic institutions approved and accredited by relevant authorities like Nigerian University Commission (NUC), National Board for Technical Education (NBTE), and any other body recognized by the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
The minimum period to register the .EDU.NG domain name extension is 1year.
The .EDU.NG domain generally takes about a week as the request for the domain must be confirmed and verified by National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) before the domain can be registered.
Once the domain expires, it will be in Renewal Grace Period for 0-60 days when the domain name can only be renewed but not transferred to another registrar, followed by a 28-day Redemption Period (also known as Pending Delete Restorable) when all services associated with the domain name (eg. DNS, website, emails) will automatically not be available but the domain can still be renewed. At the end of the Redemption Period, it enters into a 14-day Pending Purge period and the domain name can no longer be renewed or recovered. After this period, the domain will be available to the general public for re-registration on "First come First serve basis".
The domain name must:
have a minimum of 3 and maximum of 63 characters
begin with a letter or a number and end with a letter or a number
use the English character set and may contain letters (i.e., a-z, A-Z), numbers (i.e. 0-9) and dashes (-) or a combination of these
neither begin with, nor end with a dash (-)
not contain a dash in the third and fourth positions (e.g. www.xy- -db.ng)
not include a space (e.g. www.xy db.ng)
not include underscore (e.g www.ab_cd.ng)
Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NIRA) manages the .EDU.NG domain name extension.
The maximum period for this domain registration is 5 Years.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Welcome to the Whitfords Rainbow Toy Library!
Interested in becoming a member? Download then print our application form.
Welcome to the Whitfords Rainbow Toy Library! Established in 1994 this toy library has helped hundreds of children play and learn in their early years.
The Whitfords Rainbow Toy Library is a voluntary organisation, loaning a wide range of toys, games, ride-ons, puzzles, dress ups, CDs and parent resources.
The toy library is run by the toy library members, and caters for up to 100 families.
Membership is open to families with children from 0 to 5 years. The fee is $75.00 per calendar year or financial year, with reduced fees for part year memberships.
The toy library is located at the Whitford Family Centre, and is open from 9:00 am to 11:00 am every Saturday morning, excluding public holiday weekends.
The toy library has been running for 20 years and with grants from Lotterywest and the City of Joondalup, now is the best time to join and start playing!


ATCO was the brand used by the Atco (Atlas Chain Company) Limited is a British mower company which operated as "Atco Ltd" from 1981 to 1990, the company made lawn mowers and garden tools. They had a wide range of high quality lawn mowers including lawn and garden tractors.
Atco Ltd was formerly known as Charles H Pugh Ltd pre 1981 and re-named in 1981 as Atco Ltd. Charles H Pugh Ltd got re-named due to a incident in the early hours of November 5th a fire destroyed the old Charles H Pugh site and stock, resulting in its complete closure and move to East Anglia as Atco Ltd.
The former company Charles H Pugh Ltd created motor mowers from as early as 1921, the branded name for all the mowers has always been Atco (Atlas Chain Company) from 1921 - to this date.
In 1991 Atco Ltd became Atco-Qualcast Ltd. In 1995 Atco-Qualcast Ltd was acquired by Robert Bosch GmbH of Germany and ran as Atco-Qualcast Ltd till 2011, when Bosch sold the drawings, plant, equipment and tooling for the entire existing mower range to the Allett Mowers division of Turfmech Machinery Limited. Allett commenced manufacturing the previous range of Atco mowers with Allett branding instead of Atco, and with new model names. Also in 2011 Bosch licensed the Atco brand name to Global Garden Products Italy S.p.A. who launched a new Atco branded range of lawnmowers.
In the 1920s Atco as brand name of Charles H Pugh Ltd. was one of the most successful companies to emerge during the period. The Atco motor mower, launched in 1921 was an immediate success. Just 900 of the 22in cut machines were made in 1921, each costing £75.(a huge sum of money in those days) Within five years, annual production had accelerated to tens of thousands. Prices were cut and a range of sizes was available, making the Standard the first truly mass produced motor mower.
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to be considered complete. Relavent additions are welcome and you can help by expanding it.
All the below products from (1980–1992) are now obsolete, parts are also obsolete for these products.
Atco first started marketing lawn and garden tractors in 1980, these lawn tractors where not made in the U.K but where manufactured in the U.S.A by MTD Lawnflite. MTD made these machines to Atco's designs and spec with Atco's name on them, another example of badge engineering.
The American built Atco lawn and garden tractors model numbers are: The "E" at the end of model number on these tractors stands for electric start, the 7/32 never had electric start but did have pull start.
In 1986 Atco stopped production for the American built lawn and garden tractors and started producing their own at Stowmarket in the United Kingdom. The first new model introduced in 1986 was the 11/36, the 11/36 was so advanced it won the "Best Grass Cutting Machine of The Year" in 1986. Since the introduction in 1986, the stylish range of Atco Lawn Tractors set the new standards of performance, reliability, comfort and ease of handling for ride on mowers.
The following lawn tractors were sold with a optional powered grass collector: 8/30, 8/36. The Atco 12/36 lawn tractor was only sold with a powered grass collector.
Atco Lawn Tractors where ideal for cutting rough areas of longer grass such as orchards and paddocks as well as large domestic lawns.
Atco also offered a trailer to fit all models and had a tipping feature to empty it. The Atco trailer was robustly constructed from galvanised steel; the paint is powder-coated then baked on for long term durability. The full 10 cu. ft. hopper with a tipping action made it ideal for moving logs compost or any other material from one part of a grounds to another with more speed and less effort.
There was a choice of 30" or 36" cutting widths, both decks having the extra cutting power of twin blades. The unique 'V' channelling in the deck ensures that grass cut by one blade is not thrown in the path of the other blade. This reduced the work-load on the blades and their bearings leading to a longer life. Grass is ejected not from the side as with many other tractors but from he rear. This means that the non-collecting models can be hitched to a towed sweeper to collect grass cuttings, leaves and other debris.
The Atco Lawn Tractors where powered by either 8 h.p., 11 h.p., or 12 h.p. engines, synchro-balanced to keep vibrations to a minimum. The 7.25 pint fuel tank provides approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes of continuous mowing. Two notable features are sturdy front axles which stand up to the roughest treatment and wide pneumatic tyres to give all round stability without damaging the lawn surface.
Atco also was the first ride-on lawn tractor to have a powered grass sweeper, it had power take off (PTO) which powered a belt driven sweeper at the rear of the machine.[citation (source) needed] The Atco PTO worked independently of the blades, so you can cut the lawn without collecting the clippings or vice-versa. The complete system was easy to operate. The collector unit could be quickly fitted and removed without the need for tools. Furthermore, you could adjust the height of the sweeper brush and empty the grass collection completely without having to leave the tractor seat.
Atco stopped making lawn tractors in 1992 and has only made mowers since.
Available in four different size cuts: 12", 14", 17", 20" so there is a model for every size of domestic lawn.
A comfortable, cushion grip handlebar that can be easily adjusted to suit your height; an adjustable comb which lifts flattened stems which might not otherwise be cut. Polished beechwood front rollers which allow mowing right up to the lawn edge and which can be replaced quickly with sidewheels for cutting long or wet grass. The Ensign is the ideal choice for the owner of average-sized lawns who is looking for the ease and power of a self-propelled cylinder mower and who also appreciates economy.
The Ensign cominded the traditional Atco virtues of precision cutting and reliability whilst also providing outstanding value. Fitted with the strong and robust Atco 144cc engine, the Ensign was available in a choice of three cutting widths - 12", 14" and 17" - to suit most domestic lawns.
For added convenience key start was available on the 14" and 17" models. Simply turn the key and the high performance Atco 114cc engine purrs quickly and quietly into action.
Take the Atco Commodore and improve the specifications still further and you have a top class cylinder mower with all the specialist features of a professional machine. Every inch of the magnificent 17" Imperial displayed its pre-eminence. It's cutting performance was astonishing. The precision-ground cutting cylinder had not six, but 10 blades delivering a remarkable 128 cuts per yard. Both front and rear rollers could be individually levelled to maintain a perfect alignment between the mower and the lawn. This means that every blade of grass is evenly cut across the full width of the mower. As well as a comb for raising flattened grass, the Imperial even had a scraper which prevented the build up of grass on the steel front roller. As a finishing touch, the high performance Mitsubishi key start start engine was fitted as standard.
Top of Atco's cylinder mower range, the Royale is designed for large areas of fine lawn. It embodies the highest qualities in the design and manufacture of cylinder mowers. The traditional 6-bladed steel cutting cylinder gives 70 cuts per yard. The large capacity grassbox collects the cuttings. At the same time, the heavy duty rollers help to produce a perfect striped finish for lawns of immaculate appearance.
Early models of the Royale featured a Tecumseh built horizontal shaft engine with recoil start, however as the time went by the engines in the subsequent models were Briggs and Statton made, with an electric start option introduced during the 1980s. Since it was introduced Atco have added small features and fine tuned this mower over the years, the Recommended Retail Price of the machine just before it was discontinued in 2011 was way over £2000, making it by far the most expensive mower in the Atco range.
Every aspect of the range is was precision-engineered. All 3 models - 20", 24" and 30" - where largely hand-built by a small team of skilled craftsmen.
The mowers are collected by both collectors of garden machinery and Lawn mower collectors. Some of the Steamfairs and other Country fairs and vintage vehicle rallies have sections for collectors of machinery or Horticultural related exhibits.


World leaders meeting in Dakar two years ago promised every child on the planet would benefit from primary education by 2015. Nowhere is this need more pressing than in Afghanistan, a country ravaged by two decades of war.
Even before the battles that ousted the Taliban, only 38 per cent of boys received any primary education. Schooling for girls was virtually non-existent though a few courageous Afghan teachers risked punishment to keep women's education alive. Most of the schools have been damaged or destroyed. Many teachers have fled or been denied employment because of the restrictions placed on women. And many of the children have been displaced or otherwise traumatised by savage violence.
Yet, with all the problems of security and survival in that devastated country, there is a strong consensus that getting children back into school is one of the most important ways of restoring normality. It offers more than formal learning. It re-establishes a sense of order in young minds, gives refugees confidence to return to their communities and provides for adults the space to rebuild their shattered lives and livelihoods.
The TES's role is to provide information, not aid. So it is natural for us to raise readers' awareness of what needs to happen if education is to be rebuilt in Afghanistan. But the Afghan school year starts again in just three weeks time with most of its schools still shattered and looted, its teachers and education service in disarray. Urgent action is needed to get schools functioning again: books, materials, training, repairs to buildings. And the international children's charity UNICEF has a plan for providing just that in collaboration with the new Afghan administration. What it does not have is the money to pay for it.
We believe our readers will want to help their pupils to understand the plight of children in Afghanistan. And knowing how desperate that need is, we believe TES readers will also want to contribute to getting Afghan children back to school.
So we are launching today a TES Afghanistan emergency appeal in support of UNICEF. Our aim is to share with schools their ideas for addressing these issues in classrooms and assemblies and to provide an opportunity for TES readers to support Afghan colleagues. But in our Children Helping Children appeal inspired by our columnist Ted Wragg (see centre pages) we are also providing pupils with a means of showing their concern and experiencing what it means to be a global citizen.
As Karen Armstrong points out (page 7) the material and spiritual gulfs that divide the world touch us all. They make themselves felt, whether out of a clear blue sky last September 11 or through the violence erupting in our own multicultural cities.
The developed world must not turn its back on Afghanistan. Muslims and non-Muslims alike should seize this chance to express our common humanity. For all our sakes we urge you and your schools to support this appeal.


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Protection & Enforcement
trademarkblog.ca > Protection & Enforcement
Sunrise For .xxx Domains Is Now Open
September 7, 2011 September 7, 2011 By Neil MellishipIn Domain Names, Protection & Enforcement
As reported in our recent Knowledge Bytes publication, today marks the beginning of the Sunrise period for the new .xxx domain. Owners of registered trademarks who are not part of the adult entertainment industry may and should apply to block their registered marks from becoming part of a domain name with the new .xxx generic top level domain. This Sunrise period is in effect until October 28, 2011. Different Registrars are charging different amounts for this service, so shop around.
Stanley Cup Playoffs Spark Trademark Activity
May 30, 2011 May 30, 2011 By Neil MellishipIn Branding, Protection & Enforcement
The final round of the NHL Stanley Cup Playoffs is about to kick off here in Vancouver, with the hometown Canucks facing off for the first time ever in the playoffs against the storied Boston Bruins. Perhaps not surprisingly, local businesses in Vancouver are looking to capitalize on this historic event in different ways.
For example, the Vancouver Province is reporting that the Boston Pizza chain has temporarily (and wisely) rebranded itself as Vancouver Pizza, for the duration of the series.
Earlier in the playoffs, a local automobile dealership that was using the phrase "Go Canucks Go" and the team's logo on the window of the dealership premises, received a cease and desist letter from the offices of the National Hockey League, demanding that the references to the CANUCKS word mark and logo be removed from their window.
No doubt as the series cranks up, other local businesses will find equally creative ways to get in on the action.
PETA's Use Of Canadian Club Trademark Gets Whacked
March 31, 2011 March 31, 2011 By Neil MellishipIn Case Law, Protection & Enforcement
People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) is in the news again for its cheeky ad campaigns, which sometimes use well known trademarks of other parties to garner exposure for its views on Canada's seal hunt. We previously blogged about the use by PETA of an ad featuring the 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games mascots.
A recent Globe & Mail article reports that PETA had been distributing postcards in a number of bars in Toronto, with plans to roll out the campaign across the country. The postcards pictured on one side, a cartoon featuring a seal sitting at a bar and asking the bartender for "Anything but a Canadian Club". The other side of the postcard featured a photograph of a hunter about to club a seal.
The North American distributor of Canadian Club Whisky didn't see the humour in PETA's cartoon and sent a cease and desist letter, claiming that the publication had caused degradation of Canadian Club's corporate image and damage to its brand and trademark.
In response to the demand letter PETA agreed not to send out more postcards and to remove the cartoon from its website. Notwithstanding its compliance with the demand, a spokesperson for PETA argued that it had the doctrine of fair use on its side, to permit the use of trademarks for parody or satire. Unfortunately for PETA, fair use is a U.S. doctrine that doesn't apply in Canada in the context of either copyright or trademarks.
Off-colour Trademark Decision Leaves Glaxo Purple With Frustration
February 3, 2011 February 3, 2011 By Jeffrey VicqIn Case Law, Protection & Enforcement, Registration
In reasons issued late last year, the Federal Court of Appeal has upheld a decision to expunge a trademark registration obtained by Glaxo Group Limited ("Glaxo") for two-tones of the colour purple as applied to the visible surface of an asthma inhaler. The decision raises interesting questions both about primary and secondary marks, and about the amount of evidence necessary to support a finding that a mark is distinctive.
By way of background, Glaxo registered its mark (depicted right, below) in May of 2007. A collection of generic drug manufacturers brought a Federal Court application to expunge the mark about 6 months later, alleging that the mark was not distinctive.
In its decision, the Federal Court concluded that for the mark to be distinctive the constituency of consumers for the inhaler (including physicians, pharmacists and patients) must relate the trade-mark to a single source, and thereby use the mark to make their prescribing, dispensing and purchasing choices. In market sectors where purchasing decisions are made by or on the advice of professionals, commercial distinctiveness of such marks will be inherently more difficult to establish: such persons will make purchasing or prescription decisions based on the specific properties of the product, and not on the packaging or marks associated with those products. Read more
Restaurant Trademarks: Worth their Salt?
January 24, 2011 January 24, 2011 By Clark WilsonIn Branding, Case Law, Protection & Enforcement
The Globe and Mail is reporting on a dispute that has arisen between Vancouver's Salt Tasting Room, which opened in 2006, and Toronto's Salt Wine Bar, which opened in the summer of 2010. The owner of the Vancouver Tasting Room apparently appealed to the Toronto Wine Bar owners to change their name, but without success.
This dispute highlights the need for businesses, restaurant and otherwise, to register their trademarks in Canada and to register them sooner rather than later, since once a registration issues, it grants the registered owner the exclusive right to use that mark or one that is confusingly similar, throughout Canada in association with the claimed goods and services, even if that owner has only used its mark in one city or region of Canada.
In this case, the Vancouver owner waited until May of 2009 to file applications to register its SALT TASTING ROOM and SALT marks, even though it claims in both applications to have used those marks since July of 2006. Because of the timing of the start up of the Toronto restaurant and the current status of those applications, the position of the parties is murkier than it might otherwise be. What further muddies the waters are several prior registrations for marks in Canada that include the word "Salt" that are registered to other entities.
As another recent article notes, the restaurant industry is no stranger to trademark issues, including the lawsuit recently launched by the Wild Wing restaurant chain in Aurora, Ontario against Buffalo Wild Wings, a United States franchise operator that is expanding into Canada.
The fact that the Salt story involves restaurants in Vancouver and Toronto is also of interest, given that we are waiting to hear how the Supreme Court of Canada will rule in Masterpiece Inc. v. Alavida Lifestyles Inc. where one of the issues is the likelihood of confusion between similar marks used in two geographically distinct areas; in that case, in the context of the ability of an earlier user's ability to block a later user's application for registration.
You Know The Olympics Are Over When…
December 16, 2010 December 16, 2010 By Neil MellishipIn Famous Marks, Legislation, Protection & Enforcement
The Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) sent out a reminder today, advising that pursuant to the Olympic and Paralympic Marks Act (OPMA), marks and expressions listed on Schedules 2 and 3 of that Act will expire on December 31, 2010. As a result, commencing on January 1, 2011, CIPO will no longer raise an objection pursuant to Section 12(1)(i) of the Trade-marks Act on the basis that an applied for mark consists of or so nearly resembles as to be mistaken for a mark or expresssion found in either of those Schedules.
As regular readers of this blog will recall, the Canadian government enacted this legislation well in advance of the 2010 Vancouver Olympic Winter Games (Vancouver Games), to provide the organizers of the Vancouver Games (VANOC) with another very useful tool in their fight against unauthorized use of numerous trademarks and symbols that are associated with the Olympics generally and more specifically those associated with the Vancouver Games. Schedule 1 to the OPMA, which sets out various Olympic marks that are not specific to any particular Olympic Games, will remain in force. Schedules 2 and 3 set out various marks and expressions that are specific to the Vancouver Games and as those games are now part of history, the need to protect those marks and expressions is no longer justifiable.
It was Schedule 3 in particular that raised the ire of some pundits, since it specified that a combination of words from Part 1 with words from Part 2 of that Schedule – including seemingly innocuous combinations of words such as "21st" or "Tenth", with words such as "Winter" or "Whistler" – could be used as evidence in support of a finding that a person was promoting their business, goods or services in a manner likely to mislead the public into believing that there was an approval, authorization or endorsement by, or a business association with, the Canadian Olympic Committee (COC) or the Canadian Paralympic Committee (CPC). This, coupled with the ability of VANOC or the COC/CPC to obtain an interlocutory injunction without having to prove that they would suffer irreparable harm, made the effect of these provisions very far reaching.
Bonhomme, Maclean's "meilleurs amis"
November 8, 2010 November 8, 2010 By Jeffrey VicqIn Famous Marks, Protection & Enforcement
In an update to a story we shared with you a few weeks ago, a report today that the organizers of the Quebec Winter Carnival and Maclean's magazine have reached a settlement regarding Maclean's use of the image of Bonhomme – mascot of the Carnival – as part of a cover image promoting an article on corruption in Quebec. While Carnival organizers confirmed the settlement and advised that they were "pleased", specific terms of the settlement were not disclosed.
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In Europe in the 17th and early 18th centuries, Sweden was a great power. Isn't that hilarious?
At the time, Sweden was led by the young Charles XII. At age eight, he killed three deer in one day. At age 15, he was king of the Swedish Empire. At age 17, he was found hungover one morning with his cousin, the Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, along with a dead bear that fell out of a window because it drank too much Spanish wine the previous night. Charles was a pretty interesting guy.
Then Russia, Denmark-Norway, Poland and Saxony declared war on Sweden because Sweden's power annoyed them. Thus began the Great Northern War. Charles XII actually turned out to be a damn fine military commander and wrecked all the countries for a while. Except then the Russians took out their secret weapon of burning everything around them and waiting for the winter, which screwed over the Swedish forces.
Gustaf Cederström/Wikimedia Commons Charles XII's soldiers carry his body off the battlefield, marking the end of Kalabaliken.
After the definitive defeat of the Swedish at the Battle of Poltava in 1709, Charles was about 2,700 kilometers away from Sweden, according to Google Maps, so he needed somewhere to go. Luckily for him, the Ottoman Empire had disliked Russia since time immemorial so Charles XII received the hospitality of Sultan Ahmed III and fled to the town of Bender in the modern country of Moldova. So then Charles XII of Sweden stayed in the Ottoman Empire for the next three years, overstaying his welcome.
In the days leading up to Jan. 31, 1713, there were rumors in the Swedish camp that a local Ottoman ruler was going to order Ottoman forces to forcibly remove Charles and his Swedes to Poland. Not wanting this to happen, Charles sent pleas to the Sultan which were never received.
Meanwhile, the Sultan had arranged for a ship by the Mediterranean to bring Charles back to Sweden. In this quagmire of misunderstanding, Charles and his 40 Swedes began fortifying their ramshackle camp with furniture barricades and piles of dung. The next morning, the Swedes awoke to the Ottoman Turks firing cannon balls and then just standing around.
Now, there are some conflicting accounts as to why this occurred. One account said that the Turks admired Charles so they refused to charge the Swedish camp. Another account said there was a triple rainbow all the way across the sky so no one attacked. Basically, everyone just stood around for the remainder of Jan. 31, 1713.
The following day was a Sunday, and being the devout Christian he was, Charles XII began his day with religious services until he was interrupted by cannon fire and a mass of swarming Turks and Tartars yelling and waving swords. Both sides were given orders not to kill, but there still was killing going on because people were waving swords and guns.
The Turks filed into Charles's house and started looting. Feeling insulted, Charles fought with such vigor that he and his men were able to fend off all the Turks that were in the house. Adjusting their strategy, the Turkish forces decided to launch flaming arrows at the house where all the Swedes were barricaded in. The Swedish then fought the resulting fire with their swords which was and still is the best way to fight a fire.
Surprisingly, their swords weren't effective enough to put out the fire. After the house was half burnt down, Charles and his forces ran out of the house and tried to run into a barn except they were then tackled by the awaiting Turkish forces and thus the skirmish of Kalabalik ended.
To summarize, roughly 10,000 Turks fought roughly 100 Swedes and their king for about a day and a half while they were all supposed to be allies. In the end, there were around 40 deaths on the Turkish side and 12 on the Swedish side.
After this event, the Swedes have used the word "kalabalik" to describe a great disorder while the Turks use the word to simply describe a crowd. Is this at all relevant to modern times? No, it is not, but at least now you know the historical context to a Swedish word.


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text:
Barcelona Triangle és una obra d'art feta per Albert Ràfols-Casamada el 1987 i que actualment forma part de la col·lecció permanent del MACBA.

Història
L'obra es va crear en el context d'Art Triangle Barcelona del 1987, un projecte comissariat per Anthony Caro, artista i president de la Triangle Arts Association dels Estats Units, que va consistir en una trobada internacional d'artistes als quals es va oferir un espai de treball durant dues setmanes. L'experiència, basada en la idea anglosaxona (llavors molt incipient a Catalunya) del workshop, seguia el model de tallers que es realitzaven des del 1982 a Pine Plains (als afores de Nova York) com a trobada internacional anual d'artistes. Impulsat per l'Ajuntament de Barcelona, Art Triangle Barcelona va reunir vint-i-cinc artistes de tres països (els Estats Units d'Amèrica, Regne Unit i el Canadà) i quinze artistes de l'estat espanyol, majoritàriament catalans.

Del 14 de maig a l'1 de juny del 1987, els artistes van poder disposar de quatre grans espais de l'antiga casa de la Caritat, que llavors s'estava remodelant per acollir el futur Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona. El projecte partia del taller col·lectiu com a incitador de llenguatges i també tenia la finalitat de contribuir a formar el fons d'art per al futur Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona. Dins de la producció de Ràfols-Casamada, Barcelona Triangle s'inclou en aquesta experiència singular. L'obra reflecteix la identitat plàstica d'un creador que ha estat un referent per a bona part de les generacions d'artistes catalans de la segona meitat de . Si en els seus primers treballs s'havia expressat amb un llenguatge informalista i més tard havia introduït el collage amb fotografies, papers i objectes de la quotidianitat, en la dècada dels vuitanta arriba a la maduresa creativa: reforça la seva recerca cromàtica i incorpora l'ús dels signes.

Descripció
Com en altres obres de maduresa, Ràfols-Casamada opta per una tela de grans dimensions. L'obra es caracteritza per un ús determinat del color, la intercalació de signes i un marcat llenguatge poètic. Amb un traç segur i precís, l'artista mostra un element que és central en tota la seva obra pictòrica i també poètica: la seva profunda concepció de l'espai. Ràfols-Casamada fa emergir l'espai amb l'ajut del tractament cromàtic: «El color parla quan la matèria calla», escriu en els seus poemes. A través de la distribució de les masses cromàtiques en el quadre, en aquest cas masses blavenques, genera una forta sensació de profunditat i la noció d'un espai gairebé infinit.

Referències

Bibliografia

Enllaços externs
 Fitxa de l'obra al web del MACBA.

Col·leccions del Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona
1987 a Catalunya
Obres del 1987
Obres pictòriques de la dècada del 1980

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Donato Mancini is the author two books of procedural and visual poetry, Ligatures (2005) and ®thel (2007), both from New Star books, both nominated for the ReLit Award. He also co-directed the world's first genuine in-world avatar documentary AVATARA (2003). Long time member of the Kootenay School of Writing in Vancouver BC, he was a principal organiser of the N 49 15.832 - W 123 05.921 Positions Colloquium in August 2008. He is now finishing a third collection of visual and textworks for New Star, and beginning to prepare for publication his book-length study of the ideology and ideolects of poetry reviewing in Canada.
Flick Harrison's film, theatre, video, acting, writing and camera work has been seen by millions, been nominated and won awards internationally, and slipped into, under and through almost every Canadian funding niche. The Prime Minister's strategist Warren Kinsella called Flick "offensive" and "unfair," the Globe and Mail called Flick "hilarious," and the Georgia Straight called Flick's work "gorgeously sophisticated.
536 was an interdisciplinary arts collective and exhibition space housed at 536 East 20th Vancouver, BC from 1999-2009.


The white shirt is as versatile as your favorite black pump, or best fitting skinny jean. This season is all about layering, creative styling, and unexpected pairings for your perfect white shirt ensemble. We looked to the runway, the red carpet, and the streets to source our inspiration, and whether you want to achieve a trend-driven mash up or a sleek minimalist approach, we're got you covered! We shopped out each of our favorite looks piece-by-piece—accessories and beauty products included—so you can recreate each look yourself.
Shop the gallery and get ready to be wowed by the possibilities of a simple white shirt.
Added bonus: Find your perfect fit with InStyle Essentials' patented technology (shown above, left), which lets you shop styles by bra size instead of dress size so there's no pulling or tugging at the bust line!
Think of your white shirt as a blank canvas and add any bold color you wish. A high waisted red midi skirt with a cropped white shirt looks fresh for evening.
Victoria Beckham's Spring show was packed new styling twists on solid white. Go monochromatic and add a zip up baseball jacket and chunky heels to transform your ordinary white shirt into something sporty.
A no-fail pairing for your white shirt is a fitted black leather pant and sleek pump. Allow the simplicity of this look to stand out with barely-there accessories. Open the top two buttons so that it feels more relaxed.
Try a more architectural approach by buttoning your shirt all the way to the top and pulling your hair back in a sleek pony with a bright pink lip.
A jeweled collar and cuff change the feel of this shirt completely. Layering a sparkly necklace over a plain button up would create a similar effect. Wearing long sleeves gives you a little leeway for showing more skin elsewhere. If you love your legs, pair with a textured straight mini and heels.


text:
(7541) Nieuwenhuis est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale.

Description
(7541) Nieuwenhuis est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale. Il fut découvert le  à l'observatoire Palomar par Cornelis Johannes van Houten, Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld et Tom Gehrels. Il présente une orbite caractérisée par un demi-grand axe de 2,68 UA, une excentricité de 0,11 et une inclinaison de 4,9° par rapport à l'écliptique.

Compléments

Articles connexes
 Liste des planètes mineures (7001-8000)
 Ceinture d'astéroïdes

Références

Planète mineure découverte en 1977
Astéroïde de la ceinture principale
Objet céleste découvert par Tom Gehrels
Objet céleste découvert par Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld
Objet céleste découvert par Cornelis Johannes van Houten
Planète mineure découverte lors du troisième relevé de troyens Palomar-Leyde
Nieuwenhuis


Welcome to Episode 21 of the snobOS Podcast!
Intro: Terrance talks more about his fitness journey.
The Lowdown: We talk March 25th Apple "Services" Event which announces Apple News+, Apple Card, Apple Arcade, and Apple TV+ .
2nd String: We talk User Passwords out in open at Facebook and Man stole $122M from Facebook and Google by sending them random bills.
For the Culture: We talk all charges dropped for Jussie Smollett hate crime staging.
The Hook Up: We talk the new AirPods Wireless Charging Case and how to check your AirPods firmware.


Hey Staff, I would like to apply for mod in-game. Here are the reasons I would like to apply.
1- I have only been playing for 30 minutes but I will continue to keep playing.
3- I can control my temper, but If I need to I would need what I needed to do.
4- I am very active, I would be on usually 3-5 hours everyday.
5- I am a very hard worker, and I will always put in that extra effort.
Note: If I get a staff spot, (or if I don't dosen't matter.) I will advertise on different servers. I will tell staff if there is a rule-breaker, or duper.
Subject: Re: Omg Crayons Staff Application.


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Using coconut oil for yeast infections can heal yeast infection and boost immune system. Learn how to use coconut oil and other remedies to defeat yeast infection.
Coconut oil works for thrush FULL STOP. I use a thrush blend I bought on-line that has coconut oil, olive oil and manuka oil and it has been better than even my doctor expected (he has tried to help me with this problem for the past four years without success). He says we will recommend it to his patients in future.
After using coconut oil before bed, I was so itchy I couldn't sleep.


text:
namespace HttpCross.Testing.API.Controllers
{
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Web.Http;

    public class TestController : ApiController
    {
        // GET api/<controller>
        public IEnumerable<string> Get()
        {
            return new string[] { "value1", "value2" };
        }

        // GET api/<controller>/5
        public int Get(int id)
        {
            return id;
        }

        // POST api/<controller>
        public void Post([FromBody]string value)
        {
        }

        // PUT api/<controller>/5
        public void Put(int id, [FromBody]string value)
        {
        }

        // DELETE api/<controller>/5
        public void Delete(int id)
        {
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It has to go through Your hands.
Not only does it go through His hands, but He took it up.
My father was diagnosed with ALS in December of 2002, but he wasn't the first to carry his own disease. Almost two thousand years earlier, Christ personally carried my father's illness. Not just the generic disease, but the personal manifestation in Don Kohler's life. Jesus knew my father's suffering. It isn't just that He allowed my father to go through that disease, but that He intimately knew what my father experienced, because He experienced it, too.
The diagnosis of a terminal illness or failing organs feels like an uncarryable burden. But the burden is always given to us secondhand.
We are not hiking up a mountain with a scout leader who divides among his team the heavy burdens. Rather, we are hiking up a mountain with a scout leader who carries all our burdens–every backpack, every tent, every water bottle–up the hill, and only gives us our individual burdens to carry once we are up top.
It's one thing for someone to load on my back an illness I feel I cannot bear and let me suffer with it alone. It's another thing to have Someone load on my back an illness I have already watched Him carry at the cross, and for Him to intimately accompany me through my short turn of carrying it.
Tags: comfort in sickness, illness, Is anyone with me in my illness?, Isaiah 53, living with illness, suffering from terminal illness, terminal illness, Where is God in my sickness?, Where is God in my terminal illness?


Hi! My name is Florin, I am passionate about logo design and curious about extraterrestrial life.
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As I'm trying to learn new recipes, I've found that lasagna is a great one to start with. It's simple, straight-forward, and hard to get wrong.
1. Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add a pinch of salt and the sheets of pasta into the boiling water. Cook as directed (8 minutes). Remove pasta onto a plate coated with olive oil and let cool.
3. In a large bowl, mix the parmesan, ricotta, diced mozzarella, egg yolk, salt, and pepper.
5. Lay another layer of pasta, topping with a layer of the cheese mix. Continue layering until no more meat remains.
2. On medium heat, add some olive oil and the hamburger meat. In another pan, saute the chopped onions until they are soft. Stir and cook the meat until it is almost cooked, and add the onion, garlic, paprika, oregano, cayenne pepper, salt, and pepper. Cook for another 2-3 minutes and add the tomatoes and tomato paste. Cook for an additional 4-5 minutes and remove from heat.
4. Coat a baking dish with a light layer of oil. Lay the first layer of pasta down, and add a generous layer of meat.
6. Layering one last layer of pasta, top with the remaining cheese mix and sprinkle shredded parmesan and mozzarella. Bake at 350F for 20 minutes or until the top browns.


text:
Norihito Iki's Kaidan (怪談, 2003)
It is the height of a Japanese summer in Norihito Iki's animated short Kaidan. The time of year when the cicadas are singing their song. A young girl is kneeling over the remains of a frog, lamenting its death. As she peers down at the frog, one of her own eyes transforms into the dead eye of the frog. She goes to pay her respects at a Shinto shrine, where an image of the frog appears in the shrine's divine mirror (yata no kagami / 八咫鏡). This startles the girl, who runs through the countryside with images of a fish, an eel, and the frog appearing like ghosts in the landscape.
The girl returns to her home, where the sound of the frog's song seems to haunt her and she karate-kicks into the air as if to try to ward off the ghost of the frog. "Atsui," she exclaims as the summer heat overwhelms her and she gets something to drink in the fridge. The frog's ghost teases her, first appearing to slide out of the crack between the refrigerator doors, then hopping out of the table as if it were a pond surface. The frog ghost then drops onto her back like a heavy blanket.
The spirit of the frog seems to enter the girl and the film ends with a photograph of a real girl's face with a frog eye – suggesting that this tale may have been the experience of a real girl. The image dissolves into an animation of the frog, singing with the girl's voice: "Kaeru. . . kaeru. . . kaeru. . ."
The conceit behind this animation is the double meaning of the word "kaeru" in Japanese. As a noun kaeru (カエル/蛙) means frog, but as a verb kaeru (かえる/帰る) means to return / come back. On a simple level, one could interpret this as the girl's desire for the return of her beloved frog. The use of the Shinto shrine, however, is no accident for the frog's association with the idea of returning has meant that frogs are sold as good luck charms at many Shinto shrines as a symbol of the need to return to the hold place, or to give good fortune to the bearer.
As the girl herself appears so ghostly in Kaidan and the settings are devoid of other people, I wondered if the girl herself were a ghost looking for a way back to the land of the living. The title Kaidan is usually used in Japanese to refer to ancient ghost stories, such as those translated to English by Lafcadio Hearn under the title Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things. The kaidan that I have read or seen in films (ie Masaki Kobayashi's Kwaidan or Kenji Mizoguchi's Ugestu ) are best described weird and wonderful - and Iki's animation certainly meets both of these criteria.
The unique look of the film is created by overlaying the animation onto black and white photographs. For the landscape scenes, Iki has found wonderful locations on which to draw the ghostly forms of animals. The dark interiors of a Japanese-style house are naturally very suited to a ghost story and Iki uses this to his advantage. This film charmed me from the first moment I saw it because of its playful mixture of photographic (fish eye lens / playing with exposures), experimental (rapid montage/flickering), and animation techniques both old and new.
Order Thinking and Drawing Now
I first saw this film when I acquired Image Forum's Thinking and Drawing: Japanese Art Animation of the New Millennium in January 2007 (read my review at Midnight Eye) and it has haunted me (in a pleasant way) ever since. In addition to animation, Norihito Iki – a graduate of Musashino and Tamabi – is a professional photographer. Check out his official website or his new Facebook page to learn more about him and see samples of his recent work.
Music: Atsuko Sato
Voice acting: Momoka Fujita
Created and Directed by: Norihito Iki
text © Catherine Munroe Hotes 2011
Posted by Cathy Munroe Hotes at 11:01 pm
Labels: art animation, independent animation, photography, shorts, Tamabi


text:
Luther Macon Epps (January 16, 1920 – August 30, 2012) was an American engineer, inventor, author and poet. He studied Aeronautical Engineering at North Carolina State University, graduating in 1940. As an engineer and manager he worked for the Grumman Aerospace Corporation for 37 years. Most notably he worked on the Apollo Lunar Module as the Assistant Program Manager, but he also had other positions. As an inventor he received a patent in 1978 for a "combined water heater and sauna room heater device". He was a lifelong member of the Rotary International. After his retirement, Epps founded the I-Cubed Corporation, which specialized in new innovations and part-time jobs for other retired engineers. Just a few days before his death, he ended second place in a writing contest in the retirement community University Village Thousand Oaks.

Bibliography
Epps authored numerous books, among which were short stories, children's stories, books on designs, books on spiritual traditions and his memoirs.

Books
Little girls in cross-stitch: Designs, Green Apple Co, 1979
For and About Children, Green Apple, 1981
Universal Spiritual Thoughts: Comparative Quotations on Twenty Virtues from Nine Spiritual Traditions, 1st Book Library, 3 October 2003, with co-author William N. GarlingtonSenior Short Stories: Written By A Senior For Other Seniors, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 30 December 2008Old Granddad's Children's Stories, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 12 April 2009Looking Back 90 Years: True Experiences—1924 To 2009, CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 17 January 2010

PamphletsThink Snow- Graphed Designs on Snow Skiing, Green Apple Co, 1981Prayer Rug (Design in Counted Cross Stitch, 8171), P.M. Designs, 1981Christmas Gift Children Counted Cross Stitch Craft Book (Book #522)'', Green Apple Company, 1998

References

External links
 Epps' Google Profile

American male poets
American engineers
American inventors
2012 deaths
1920 births
20th-century American poets
20th-century American male writers


text:
stephen king – American Film Institute
AFI Movie Club Rewind: MISERY
This film was originally selected as an AFI Movie Club pick on September 23, 2020. The character of Annie Wilkes in MISERY (1990) – chillingly portrayed by Kathy Bates in her Academy Award®-winning performance – is recognized by AFI as one of the great villains in cinematic history. Close Close Close Close Close HOW TO...
AFI Movie Club: STAND BY ME
The story of four boys setting off to see a dead body, STAND BY ME is adapted from a nostalgic novella by acclaimed horror icon Stephen King – and directed by Rob Reiner, who discussed his creative process alongside editor Robert Leighton before the Fellows of the AFI Conservatory as part of AFI'S MASTERCLASS: THE ART OF COLLABORATION. ...
AFI Movie Club: MISERY
The character of Annie Wilkes in MISERY – chillingly portrayed by Kathy Bates in her Academy Award®-winning performance – is recognized by AFI as one of the great villains in cinematic history. Click Here to Find Out How to Watch MISERY Now MISERY – Reelgood Watch Rosalind Chao announce MISERY: Movie Trivia about TODAY'S FILM…
AFI Movie Club: THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION
Ranked #72 on AFI's 100 Years…100 Movies – 10th Anniversary edition list of the greatest American films, THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION stars Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman, the 39th recipient of the annual AFI Life Achievement Award. Watch Hanelle Culpepper announce the film: Movie Trivia about TODAY'S FILM -DID YOU KNOW that THE SHAWSHANK REDEMPTION was…
Watch: IT Director Andy Muschietti on Creating the Film's Monster
This past month, filmmaker Andy Muschietti (MAMA) came to the AFI campus to present and discuss his new film IT with AFI Conservatory Fellows. Based on the Stephen King bestseller, the film follows a ragtag group of misfits determined to take down a manifestation of evil known as Pennywise, an evil clown that feeds on…


8, 15, 25, 30, 31 & 32. Bonus 1.
5, 6, 28, 31, 38 & 47. Bonus 10.
13, 25, 31, 38, 43 & 45. Bonus 26.
Early Bird: 4, 13, 19 & 40.
Winning Hand: 8-D, K-C, 6-C, K-S, A-S.
6, 14, 17, 25, 31 & 39 Bonus 8.
33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 55, 57, 60, 68, 69.
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32, 44, 46, 47, 48, 56, 59, 62, 64, 70.


text:
Title: Hierarchy
Subject: Outliner, Navigation, Structure, MyriaNed, Cultivated plant taxonomy
Collection: Hierarchy, Patterns, Political Culture, Structure
Hierarchy - people on a "ladder"
A hierarchy (from the Greek ἱεραρχία hierarchia, "rule of a high priest", from ἱεράρχης hierarkhes, "leader of sacred rites") is an arrangement of items (objects, names, values, categories, etc.) in which the items are represented as being "above," "below," or "at the same level as" one another.
A hierarchy (sometimes abbreviated HR) can link entities either directly or indirectly, and either vertically or horizontally. The only direct links in a hierarchy, insofar as they are hierarchical, are to one's immediate superior or to one of one's subordinates, although a system that is largely hierarchical can also incorporate alternative hierarchies. Indirect hierarchical links can extend "vertically" upwards or downwards via multiple links in the same direction, following a Heterarchy (sometimes abbreviated HT) is one such form.
Degree of branching 1.1
History of the term 2
Visualization 3
Visual hierarchy 4
Informal representation 5
Mathematical representation 6
Subtypes 7
Nested hierarchy 7.1
Containment hierarchy 7.1.1
Subsumptive containment hierarchy 7.1.1.1
Compositional containment hierarchy 7.1.1.2
Contexts and applications 8
Organizations 8.1
Computer graphic imaging 8.2
Hierarchical verbal alignment 8.3
Ethics, behavioral psychology, philosophies of identity 8.4
Further applications 8.5
Information-based 8.5.1
City planning-based 8.5.2
Linguistics-based 8.5.3
Power- or authority-based 8.5.4
Value-based 8.5.5
Perception-based 8.5.6
History-based 8.5.7
Science-based 8.5.8
Technology-based 8.5.9
Religion-based 8.5.10
Methods using the hierarchical model 8.6
Footnotes 10
Hierarchies have their own special vocabulary. These terms are easiest to understand when a hierarchy is diagrammed (see below).
In an organizational context, the following terms are often used related to heirarchies:[1][2]
Object: one entity (e.g., a person, department or concept or element of arrangement or member of a set
System: the entire set of objects that are being arranged hierarchically (e.g., an administration)
Dimension: another word for "system" from on-line analytical processing (e.g. cubes)
Member: an (element or object) in a (system or dimension) at any (level or rank)
Rank: the relative value, worth, complexity, power, importance, authority, level etc. of an object
Level: a set of objects with the same rank OR importance
Ordering: the arrangement of the (ranks or levels)
Hierarchy: the arrangement of a particular set of (ranks or levels) i.e. multiple hierarchies are possible per (dimension or system)
Collection: all of the objects at one level
Superior: a higher level or an object ranked at a higher level (parent or ancestor)
Subordinate: a lower level or an object ranked at a lower level (child or descendent)
Hierarch, the top level of the hierarchy, usually consisting of one object or member of a dimension
Peer: an object with the same rank (and therefore at the same level)
Neighbour: the adjacent level/ranking (the immediate superior and immediate inferior)
Interaction: the relationship between an object and its direct superior or subordinate (i.e. a superior/inferior pair)
a direct interaction occurs when one object is on a level exactly one higher or one lower than the other (i.e., on a tree, the two objects have a line between them)
Distance: the minimum number of connections between two objects, i.e., one less than the number of objects that need to be "crossed" to trace a path from one object to another
Span: a qualitative description of the width of a level when diagrammed, i.e., the number of subordinates an object has
In a mathematical context (in graph theory), the general terminology used is different.
Most hierarchies use a more specific vocabulary pertaining to their subject, but the idea behind them is the same. For example, with data structures, objects are known as nodes, superiors are called parents and subordinates are called children. In a business setting, a superior is a supervisor/boss and a peer is a colleague.
Degree of branching
Degree of branching refers to the number of direct subordinates or children an object has (in graph theory, equivalent to the number of other vertices connected to via outgoing arcs, in a directed graph) a node has). Hierarchies can be categorized based on the "maximum degree", the highest degree present in the system as a whole. Categorization in this way yields two broad classes: linear and branching.
In a linear hierarchy, the maximum degree is 1.[1] In other words, all of the objects can be visualized in a lineup, and each object (excluding the top and bottom ones) has exactly one direct subordinate and one direct superior. Note that this is referring to the objects and not the levels; every hierarchy has this property with respect to levels, but normally each level can have an infinite number of objects. An example of a linear hierarchy is the hierarchy of life.
In a 'branching hierarchy', one or more objects has a degree of 2 or more (and therefore the maximum degree is 2 or higher).[1] For many people, the word "hierarchy" automatically evokes an image of a branching hierarchy.[1] Branching hierarchies are present within numerous systems, including classification schemes. The broad category of branching hierarchies can be further subdivided based on the degree.
A 'flat hierarchy' is a branching hierarchy in which the maximum degree approaches infinity, i.e., with a wide span.[2] Most often, systems intuitively regarded as hierarchical have at most a moderate span. Therefore, a flat hierarchy is often not viewed as a hierarchy at all at first blush. For example, diamonds and graphite is a flat hierarchy of numerous carbon atoms which can be further decomposed into subatomic particles.
An 'overlapping hierarchy' is a branching hierarchy in which at least one object has two parent objects.[1] For example, a graduate student can have two co-supervisors to whom the student reports directly and equally, and who have the same level of authority within the university hierarchy (i.e., they have the same position or tenure status.
History of the term
Possibly the first use of the English word "hierarchy" cited by the secular settings.
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs. This is an example of a hierarchy visualized with a triangle diagram.
A hierarchy is typically depicted as a pyramid, where the height of a level represents that level's status and width of a level represents the quantity of items at that level relative to the whole. For example, the few Directors of a company could be at the apex, and the base could be thousands of people who have no subordinates.
These pyramids are typically diagrammed with a below.
More recently, as computers have allowed the storage and navigation of ever larger data sets, various methods have been developed to represent hierarchies in a manner that makes more efficient use of the available space on a computer's screen. Examples include fractal maps, TreeMaps and Radial Trees.
Visual hierarchy
In the design field, mainly graphic design, successful layouts and formatting of the content on documents are heavily dependent on the rules of visual hierarchy. Visual hierarchy is also important for proper organization of files on computers.
An example of visually representing hierarchy is through the Nest structure. The Nest structure represents hierarchical relationships by using layers of information. The child element is within the parent element, such as in a Venn diagram. This structure of representing hierarchy is most effective in representing simple relationships. For example, when directing someone to open a file on a computer desktop, one may first direct them towards the main folder, then the subfolders within the main folder. They will keep opening files within the folders until the designated file is located.
For more complicated hierarchies, the stair structure represents hierarchical relationships through the use of visual stacking. Visually imagine the top of a downward staircase beginning at the left and descending on the right. The child elements are towards the bottom of the stairs and the parent elements are at the top. This structure is effective when representing more complicated hierarchies where steps are not placed in obvious sequences. Further steps are concealed unless all of the steps are revealed in sequence. In the computer desktop example, a file that is being sought after can only be found once another file is opened. The link for the desired file is within another document. All the steps must be completed until the final destination is reached.
Informal representation
In plain English, a hierarchy can be thought of as a set in which:[1]
No element is superior to itself, and
One element, the hierarch, is superior to all of the other elements in the set.
The first requirement is also interpreted to mean that a hierarchy can have no circular relationships; the association between two objects is always transitive. The second requirement asserts that a hierarchy must have a leader or root that is common to all of the objects.
Mathematical representation
Mathematically, in its most general form, a hierarchy is a partially ordered set or poset.[7] The system in this case is the entire poset, which is constituted of elements. Within this system, each element shares a particular unambiguous property. Objects with the same property value are grouped together, and each of those resulting levels is referred to as a class (set theory).
"Hierarchy" is particularly used to refer to a poset in which the classes are organized in terms of increasing complexity. Operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are often performed in a certain sequence or order. Usually, addition and subtraction are performed after multiplication and division has already been applied to a problem. The use of parenthesis is also a representation of hierarchy, for they show which operation is to be done prior to the following ones. For example: (2 + 5) × (7 - 4). In this problem, typically one would multiply 5 by 7 first, based on the rules of mathematical hierarchy. But when the parenthesis is placed, one will know to do the operations within the parenthesis first before continuing on with the problem. These rules are largely dominant in algebraic problems, ones that include several steps in order to solve. The use of hierarchy in mathematics is beneficial in order to quickly and efficiently solve a problem without having to go through the process of slowly dissecting the problem. Most of these rules are now known as the proper way into solving certain equations.
Nested hierarchy
Matryoshka dolls, also known as nesting dolls or Russian dolls. Each doll is encompassed inside another until the smallest one is reached. This is the concept of nesting. When the concept is applied to sets, the resulting ordering is a nested hierarchy.
A nested hierarchy or inclusion hierarchy is a hierarchical ordering of nested sets.[8] The concept of nesting is exemplified in Russian matryoshka dolls. Each doll is encompassed by another doll, all the way to the outer doll. The outer doll holds all of the inner dolls, the next outer doll holds all the remaining inner dolls, and so on. Matryoshkas represent a nested hierarchy where each level contains only one object, i.e., there is only one of each size of doll; a generalized nested hierarchy allows for multiple objects within levels but with each object having only one parent at each level. The general concept is both demonstrated and mathematically formulated in the following example:
\text{square} \subset \text{quadrilateral} \subset \text{polygon} \subset \text{shape} \,
A square can always also be referred to as a quadrilateral, polygon or shape. In this way, it is a hierarchy. However, consider the set of polygons using this classification. A square can only be a quadrilateral; it can never be a triangle, hexagon, etc.
Nested hierarchies are the organizational schemes behind taxonomies and systematic classifications. For example, using the original Linnaean taxonomy (the version he laid out in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae), a human can be formulated as:[9]
\text{H. sapiens} \subset \text{Homo} \subset \text{Primates} \subset \text{Mammalia} \subset \text{Animalia}
Taxonomies may change frequently (as seen in biological taxonomy), but the underlying concept of nested hierarchies is always the same.
In many programming taxonomies and syntax models (as well as fractals in mathematics), nested hierarchies, including Russian dolls, are also used to illustrate the properties of Self-similarity and Recursion. Recursion itself is included as a subset of hierarchical programming, and recursive thinking can be synonymous with a form of hierarchical thinking and logic.[10]
Containment hierarchy
A containment hierarchy is a direct extrapolation of the nested hierarchy concept. All of the ordered sets are still nested, but every set must be "strict"—no two sets can be identical. The shapes example above can be modified to demonstrate this:
\text{square} \subsetneq \text{quadrilateral} \subsetneq \text{polygon} \subsetneq \text{shape} \,
The notation x \subsetneq y \, means x is a subset of y but is not equal to y.
A general example of a containment hierarchy is demonstrated in class inheritance in object-oriented programming.
Two types of containment hierarchies are the subsumptive containment hierarchy and the compositional containment hierarchy. A subsumptive hierarchy "subsumes" its children, and a compositional hierarchy is "composed" of its children. A hierarchy can also be both subsumptive and compositional.[11]
Subsumptive containment hierarchy
A subsumptive containment hierarchy is a classification of objects from the general to the specific. Other names for this type of hierarchy are "taxonomic hierarchy" and "IS-A hierarchy".[7][12][13] The last term describes the relationship between each level—a lower-level object "is a" member of the higher class. The taxonomical structure outlined above is a subsumptive containment hierarchy, as are all systematic naming schemes. Using again the example of Linnaean taxonomy, it can be seen that an object that is part of the level Mammalia "is a" member of the level Animalia; more specifically, a human "is a" primate, a primate "is a" mammal, and so on. A subsumptive hierarchy can also be defined abstractly as a hierarchy of "concepts".[13] For example, with the Linnaean hierarchy outlined above, an entity name like Animalia is a way to group all the species that fit the conceptualization of an animal.
Compositional containment hierarchy
A compositional containment hierarchy is an ordering of the parts that make up a system—the system is "composed" of these parts.[14] Most engineered structures, whether natural or artificial, can be broken down in this manner.
The compositional hierarchy that every person encounters at every moment is the tissues, which are composed of cells, which are composed of molecules, which are composed of atoms. In fact, the last two levels apply to all matter, at least at the macroscopic scale. Moreover, each of these levels inherit all the properties of their children.
In this particular example, there are also emergent properties—functions that are not seen at the lower level (e.g., cognition is not a property of neurons but is of the brain)—and a scalar quality (molecules are bigger than atoms, cells are bigger than molecules, etc.). Both of these concepts commonly exist in compositional hierarchies, but they are not a required general property. These level hierarchies are characterized by bi-directional causation.[8] Upward causation involves lower-level entities causing some property of a higher level entity; children entities may interact to yield parent entities, and parents are composed at least partly by their children. Downward causation refers to the effect that the incorporation of entity x into a higher-level entity can have on x's properties and interactions. Furthermore, the entities found at each level are autonomous.
Contexts and applications
Almost every system within the world is arranged hierarchically.[15] By their common definitions, every biomass pyramids. Hierarchies are so infused into daily life that they are viewed as trivial.[1][15]
While the above examples are often clearly depicted in a hierarchical form and are classic examples, hierarchies exist in numerous systems where this branching structure is not immediately apparent. For example, all postal code systems are necessarily hierarchical. Using the Canadian postal code system, the top level's binding concept is the "postal district", and consists of 18 objects (letters). The next level down is the "zone", where the objects are the digits 0–9. This is an example of an overlapping hierarchy, because each of these 10 objects has 18 parents. The hierarchy continues downward to generate, in theory, 7,200,000 unique codes of the format A0A 0A0. Most library classification systems are also hierarchical. The Dewey Decimal System is regarded as infinitely hierarchical because there is no finite bound on the number of digits can be used after the decimal point.[18]
A simple organizational charts.
organizational chart.
In a reverse hierarchy, the conceptual pyramid of authority is turned upside-down, so that the apex is at the bottom and the base is at the top. This model represents the idea that members of the higher rankings are responsible for the members of the lower rankings.
Computer graphic imaging
Within most CGI and computer animation programs is the use of hierarchies. On a 3D model of a human, the chest is a parent of the upper left arm, which is a parent of the lower left arm, which is a parent of the hand. This is used in modeling and animation of almost everything built as a 3D digital model.
Hierarchical verbal alignment
Languages such as Cree and Mapudungun distinguish subject and object on verbs not by different subject and object markers, but via a hierarchy of persons.
In this system, the three (or four with Algonquian languages) persons are placed in a hierarchy of salience. To distinguish which is subject and which object, inverse markers are used if the object outranks the subject.
In music, the structure of a composition is often understood hierarchically (for example by Heinrich Schenker (1768–1835, see Schenkerian analysis), and in the (1985) Generative Theory of Tonal Music, by composer Fred Lerdahl and linguist Ray Jackendoff). The sum of all notes in a piece is understood to be an all-inclusive surface, which can be reduced to successively more sparse and more fundamental types of motion. The levels of structure that operate in Schenker's theory are the foreground, which is seen in all the details of the musical score; the middle ground, which is roughly a summary of an essential contrapuntal progression and voice-leading; and the background or Ursatz, which is one of only a few basic "long-range counterpoint" structures that are shared in the gamut of tonal music literature.
The tonic key, and secondary themes in other keys are brought back to the tonic in a recapitulation of the primary theme. Susan McClary connects this specifically in the sonata-allegro form to the feminist hierarchy of gender (see above) in her book Feminine Endings, even pointing out that primary themes were often previously called "masculine" and secondary themes "feminine."
Ethics, behavioral psychology, philosophies of identity
Career-oriented purposes can be diagrammed using a hierarchy describing how less important actions support a larger goal.
In virtue theory.
In all of these random examples, there is an asymmetry of 'compositional' significance between levels of structure, so that small parts of the whole hierarchical array depend, for their meaning, on their membership in larger parts.There is a hierarchy of activities in human life: productive activity serves or is guided by the moral life; the moral life is guided by practical reason; practical reason (used in moral and political life) serves contemplative reason (whereby we contemplate God). Practical reason sets aside time and resources for contemplative reason.
In the work of diverse theorists such as William James (1842–1910), Michel Foucault (1926–1984) and Hayden White, important critiques of hierarchical epistemology are advanced. James famously asserts in his work "Radical Empiricism" that clear distinctions of type and category are a constant but unwritten goal of scientific reasoning, so that when they are discovered, success is declared. But if aspects of the world are organized differently, involving inherent and intractable ambiguities, then scientific questions are often considered unresolved.
Hierarchy in ethics emerged in Western Europe, West Asia and North Africa around the 1600s. In this aspect, the term hierarchy refers to how distinguishable they are from real to unreal. Feminists, Marxists, anarchists, communists, critical theorists and others, all of whom have multiple interpretations, criticize the hierarchies commonly found within human society, especially in social relationships. Hierarchies are present in all parts of society: in businesses, schools, families, etc. These relationships are often viewed as necessary. Entities that stand in hierarchical arrangements are animals, humans, plants, etc. In some cultures, God can also be an addition to this hierarchy. However, feminists, Marxists, critical theorists and others analyze hierarchy in terms of the values and power that it arbitrarily assigns to one group over another. Hierarchical ethics offers a way of logical reasoning that is compatible with religious commitments. In some cultures, there is hierarchy within humanity. The dominant man in a family is above women, and children are after. In social classes, they are arranged as follows: king, civic officials, craftsmen, unskilled workers.
Information-based
Library classification
City planning-based
Settlement hierarchy
As of 2100 (estimate according to Doxiadis, 1968)
Linguistics-based
Language family tree
Levels of adequacy for evaluating grammars
Direct–inverse languages
Structural linguistics
Parse tree
Formal grammars
Abstract syntax tree
Evolution of basic color terminology in languages
Power- or authority-based
Aristocratic hierarchies
Ecclesiastical hierarchies
Catholic Church hierarchy
LDS Church hierarchy
Kimbanguist Church hierarchy
Raelian Church hierarchy
see also autocephaly
Administrative branch of government geographical hierarchies
Administrative divisions of China
Administrative divisions of India
Administrative divisions of the United States
Administrative divisions of Russia
Political party hierarchies
Hierarchy of subdivisions within the Gau
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Communist Party of China
U.S. Military Combatant Commands
Intraspecial dominance
Pecking order
Social classes
Caste system in India
Hierarchical structure of Feudal Japan
White racist hierarchy
Hierarchy of Exclusion (Ender's Game)
Value-based
Art genres
Precious substances
Judicial hierarchy of social values
Perception-based
Secondary colors
Tertiary colors
History-based
Three-age system
Cyclic theory of civilization
Hierarchy of organization within the Universe
Energy quality
Star systems
Biological organization
Phylogenetic tree
Hierarchy of ecological georegions
Technology-based
Class constructs
Hierarchical query
Computer files (Macintosh)
Virtual memory allocation
Radio cells
States (configurations)
Web addresses
Religion-based
Levels of consciousness
Great chain of being
G.I. Gurdjieff
Levels of spiritual development
In Theravada Buddhism
In Mahayana Buddhism
In Theosophy
Ages in the evolution of society
In Astrology
In Hellenism (the Ancient Greek Religion)
Dispensations in Protestantism
Dispensations in Mormonism
Degrees of communion between various Christian churches
Command hierarchy of the Ashtar Galactic Command flying saucer fleet
In Japanese Buddhism
In Islam
In Judaism
Kabbalistic
In Zoroastrianism
Devils and Demons
Hells
In Catholicism (Nine Levels of Hell)
In Buddhism (Sixteen Levels of Hell)
Religions in society
(organizational hierarchies are listed under "Power- or authority-based")
Methods using the hierarchical model
Analytic Hierarchy Process
Hierarchical Decision Process
Hierarchic Object-Oriented Design
Hierarchical Bayes model
Hierarchical clustering of networks
Hierarchical constraint satisfaction
Hierarchical linear modeling
Hierarchical modulation
Hierarchical proportion
Hierarchical radial basis function
Hierarchical storage management
Hierarchical task network
Hierarchical temporal memory
Hierarchical token bucket
Hierarchical visitor pattern
Presentation-abstraction-control
Hierarchical-Model-View-Controller
Class browser
Heterarchy
Hierarchical classifier
Hierarchical epistemology
Hierarchical hidden Markov model
Hierarchical incompetence
Hierarchical INTegration
Hierarchical Music Specification Language
Hierarchy Open Service Interface Definition
Hierarchy problem
Multilevel model
Ordinary (officer)
Characters of Halo#High Prophets
List of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria
Peter Principle
Ring (computer security)
Social dominance theory
^ a b c d e f g
^ a b Simon, Herbert A. (12 December 1962). "The Architecture of Complexity".
^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Hierarchy
^ ἱεράρχης, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ ἱερεύς, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ ἀρχή, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, on Perseus Digital Library
^ a b Lehmann, Fritz (1996). Eklund, Peter G.; Ellis, Gerard; Mann, Graham, eds. "Conceptual structures: knowledge representation as interlingua—4th International Conference on Conceptual Structures, ICCS '96, Sydney, Australia, August 19–22, 1996—proceedings". Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 115. Germany: Springer. pp. 50–74.
^ a b Lane, David (2006). "Hierarchy, Complexity, Society". In Pumain, Denise. Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences. New York, New York:
^ Corballis, Michael (2011). The Recursive Mind. Princeton University Press.
^ Kopisch, Manfred; Günther, Andreas (1992). "Configuration of a passenger aircraft cabin based on conceptual hierarchy, constraints and flexible control". In Belli, Fevzi. Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems. Industrial and engineering applications of artificial intelligence and expert systems: 5th international conference, IEA/AIE-92, Paderborn, Germany, June 9–12, 1992 : proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Series 602.
^ "Compositional hierarchy". WebSphere Transformation Extender Design Studio. Retrieved 9 October 2009.
^ a b Funke, Birger; Sebastian, Hans-Jürgen (1999). "An advanced modeling environment based on a hybrid AI-OR approach". In Polis, Michael P.; Dontchev, Asen L.; Kall, Peter; Lascieka, Irena; Olbrot, Andrzej W. Systems modelling and optimization: proceedings of the 18th IFIP TC7 conference. Research notes in mathematics series 396.
^ Parsons, David (2002). Object Oriented Programming in C++. Cengage Learning. pp. 110–185.
^ a b Kulish, V. V. (2002). Hierarchical Methods: Hierarchy and hierarchical asymptotic methods in electrodynamics 1.
^ "government". Compact . 1991.
^ "nation". Compact . 1991.
^ Walker, Randy (May–June 2009). "Tracking Nuclear Sources" (PDF). wellservicingmagazine.com. pp. 28–30. See also WorldHeritage article.
Ahl, Valerie;
Ckurshumova, Wenzislava (2007). "Regulatory hierarchies in auxin signal transduction and vascular tissue development". Dissertation Abstracts International (Ph.D. dissertation) (University of Toronto) 68 (5): section B.
Galindo, Cipriano; Fernández-Madrigal, Juan-Antonio (2007). Kacprzyk, Janusz, ed. Multiple Abstraction Hierarchies for Mobile Robot Operation in Large Environments. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
Pumain, Diane (2006). Hierarchy in Natural and Social Sciences. New York, New York:
Shahbaba, Babak (2007). "Improving classification models when a class hierarchy is available". Dissertation Abstracts International (Ph.D. dissertation) (University of Toronto) 68 (6): section B.
Also includes full copies of:
Shahbaba, Babak; Neal, Radford M. (2007). "Improving Classification When a Class Hierarchy is Available Using a Hierarchy-Based Prior" (PDF). Bayesian Analysis (
Shahbaba, Babak; Neal, Radford M. (2006). "Gene function classification using Bayesian models with hierarchy-based priors".
Principles and annotated bibliography of hierarchy theory
Summary of the Principles of Hierarchy Theory — S.N. Salthe
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Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2012
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Articles with dead external links from September 2011
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Ballet, Opera, Harmony, Psychology, Tonality
Bertrand Russell, Socrates, Truth, Plato, Immanuel Kant
Computer science, Mathematics, Topology, Combinatorics, Numerical analysis
Kingdom (biology), Phylum, Aristotle, Order (biology), Taxon, John Ray
Clay animation, Computer animation, Anime, Toy Story, The Lion King
Outliner
Python (programming language), Html, Hierarchy, Project management, Vim (text editor)
United States, Radio navigation, World War II, Global Positioning System, Satellite navigation
Computer science, Logic, Linguistics, Infrastructure, Musical form
MyriaNed
Hierarchy, Wireless sensor network, Radio, DevLab (Research Alliance), Radio broadcasting
Biological classification, Science, Order (biology), Class (biology), Taxonomy (biology)