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text:
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Ellis Co. Commission entering into fleet management program
Posted Jun 10, 2021 10:30 AM
By JONATHAN ZWEYGARDT
Hays Post
The Ellis County Commission voted Monday to move forward with an agreement to join the Enterprise Fleet Management Program.
Currently, Ellis County purchases vehicles outright and keeps them for several years before replacing that vehicle.
Under the fleet management program, the county will lease vehicles instead of purchasing new vehicles. The majority of the vehicles can be replaced after one year.
Ellis County Administrator Darin Myers said this week this will change how the county goes about things.
"The philosophy of the county is that, we will buy a vehicle past when it's actually needed and then the vehicles that we have are so old that the values aren't worth anything," Myers said.
The county would still get the vehicles through Sourcewell, a government agency that helps entities with a number of services including cooperative purchasing, but they would be rotated out for a new vehicle and sold at auction.
Through the state contract, the county gets vehicles at a discounted rate and then they are sold at market value. The county then gets credit, through the fleet program, for the difference between the resale value and the reduced book value.
Brandon Scott, fleet consultant with Enterprise Fleet Management, told the county commission their goal is to find the optimal length of time a municipality should hold on to a vehicle before selling it to lower the cost of owning those vehicles.
"Instead of cycling out 15, 20 (or) 25 years per vehicle, we're now cycling a lot of these vehicles (at) one or two years old," Scott said.
He added that cycling through the vehicles this way allows the county buy low and sell high and return the proceeds back to the county.
Myers said they have identified at least 56 vehicles that can be placed into this program and estimated it will save the county approximately $800,000 over 10 years.
They have identified 29 vehicles, including six sheriff's deputy vehicles that may be cycled through in the first year alone.
Shawnee, Leavenworth and Geary counties in Kansas have already partnered with Enterprise through the Fleet Management Program. Enterprise is also working with several school districts in the state, and they have approached the local school district as well.
County Commissioner Dean Haselhorst said he had prior experience with the program and ran into issues.
He said they dealt with delays and hurdles with needed repairs but he said it appears that they have improved when it came to working with service centers.
Scott said they have focused in the last couple of years on their maintenance program.
They have 27 authorized shops within 50 miles of Hays, including nine in Hays that will work with the county to ensure the process goes smoothly.
Chris Roth from Enterprise also joined the meeting via telephone and said they will make sure the vehicles are properly maintained because they will be worth more on the resale market if they are.
Part of the saving to the county will be on maintenance. The county most likely won't have to worry about pricey repairs that occur in older vehicles.
The vehicles will also get better gas mileage and come with better safety features to better protect county employees on the road.
With the lease program the county has entered into, Scott said, there are no over-mileage charges, no penalties for wear and tear on vehicles, and the lease can be terminated anytime without penalty.
The county will also get to build out the vehicles with the required specifications they need including good quality tires, which both Haselhorst and Commissioner Neal Younger were concerned about.
The sheriff's department vehicles will be delivered to a company in Wichita that will outfit them with the necessary emergency equipment.
Scott has met with several department heads and developed a plan for the county's fleet needs.
"This is a very innovative approach. I'm kind of excited about something like this," Commissioner Butch Schlyer said.
Myers said they will begin looking to order new vehicles in the next couple of months.
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Guest Editorial: Why Doesn't Government Get Healthcare Solutions That Work?
How can we fix only the "flat tire" on the healthcare "vehicle" and NOT call the whole thing a "clunker", sending it to the government-run junkyard to be destroyed?
Calling cars "clunkers" and sending functioning ones to a junkyard is one thing. Calling our medical system a "clunker" and destroying the private system because a few parts need fixing is quite another.
Destroying the most innovative and responsive healthcare system on the planet with government mandates, control and expansion of federally-run services in the name of "reform" is diabolical. People's lives are at stake.
Americans have the best medical services in the world. No one is denied medical care for lack of medical insurance. Since 1986, Federal law has prohibited hospitals from turning away people without insurance. Taxpayers foot the bill to pay for those without insurance. It is dishonest to keep implying that lack of insurance means lack of care.
There is no logical reason we cannot fix the payment and insurance issues and do it relatively quickly. We don't need to wait until 2013 when the "healthcare reform" bills are scheduled to take effect. Why not now?
The big Grocers –Safeway and Whole Foods – have done it already. The CEO's of both companies have creatively used common sense solutions to "fix" what is broken in medical insurance issues.
Whole Foods and Safeway executives have succeeded in their reforms in spite of the government's interference that prevent these companies from doing more to improve their employees' medical benefits. Government regulations prevent them from giving additional financial discounts to people for healthy behavior. That makes no sense.
– Employees rewarded financially for achieving health goals.
To fix what is "broken" we do not need the federal government to take over and destroy medical privacy, create new bureaucracies, increase costs, impose new mandates, reduce current rapid access to diagnostic services, or decimate medical innovations for treatment. All of these inevitably occur under government run healthcare everywhere in the world.
The name you use doesn't matter: "single-payer" or "public option" or "co-op" or "nationalized" or "socialized" – they are all the same: government controlled.
When the government gets in the middle, it always costs more. Think hugely inflated prices for toilets when the Pentagon pays. Think high priced hams bought with "Stimulus" money. The government is buying? Triple or quadruple the price!
Healthcare examples abound. Government-run Medicare has a 40-year track record of costing about 34% more than privately purchased medical services. Government regulations in New York, New Jersey and Massachusetts make individual medical insurance premiums the most expensive in the entire country. The Wall Street Journal reported New Jersey's 2007 average premium for singles was $5,326 compared to the national average of $2,613. New York families in 2007 had average premiums of $12,254 versus the national average of $5,799.
Nine states have higher insurance premiums because of the same government rules and regulations that are now being proposed for all 50 states in the Democratic versions of healthcare "reform." Republicans' lower cost alternatives are not allowed to see the light of day.
Insurance horror stories we keep hearing from the Democratic leadership are due to problems in the individual private insurance market, primarily caused by government interference. These horror stories do not affect the nine out of ten Americans with medical insurance provided by their employers. Employer-based group plans don't get arbitrarily cancelled because one person at the company has a serious illness.
We need to get government, private insurance companies, and lawyers out of the middle between patients and their health professionals.
Let the free markets work. Let people decide how they will spend their money. We always search for better value when it's our own money. Put consumers back in charge of spending their own health care dollars. They will make wiser decisions than bureaucrats will.
– Reduce federal regulations that artificially increase prices.
– Increase the caps on medical savings accounts so that people have more tax-free money that they own and control how they spend it.
– Reduce premiums for people who lose weight, stop smoking, exercise regularly, use alcohol in moderation, and don't use street drugs.
– Get the 50 different sets of state government regulations out of the way. Eliminate state mandates that increase premiums, as seen with New York, New Jersey, and Massachusetts now.
– Allow people to purchase private insurance across state lines, and own the policy, similar to car and homeowners policies.
– Implement tort reform. Tort reform has resulted in lower malpractice premiums for physicians and reduction in costs of "defensive medicine" in every state it has been passed. Doctors can pass on savings to patients.
All of these strategies have worked in the past. They are working now in private businesses that implement them. They will work going forward, IF we get government out of our way.
People pay attention when they have skin in the game. When it's your money at stake, you are more careful how you spend it. Put the American people back in the driver's seat. As patients and savvy consumers, let them shop in a competitive national healthcare marketplace, as they do on the Internet today with everything else.
The Constitution does not give the federal government the authority to run healthcare. Capitalism and free markets lower costs, increase competition, create wealth, and grow the economy. It is the American Way and always has been. It works.
We need Common Sense. Healthcare can be "fixed" with American ingenuity, initiative, and free enterprise. Big Government will kill it.
This entry was posted in Tulsa Speaks on August 19, 2009 by admin.


text:
Q: Can't understand the last part of this code n=int(input())
a=list(map(int,input().split()))
i,j=min(a),max(a)
print(j-i,[(n*(n-1))//2,a.count(i)*a.count(j)][i!=j])

Can anyone explain last line?
I am guessing that it uses list comprehension but how? If my guess is wrong, then can you please describe what exactly one has used, with some reference or maybe syntax for it?

A: No, it's not list comprehension.  It's building a 2-element list, then taking advantage of True==1 and False==0 to index into the list.
A more Pythonic way to do it would be:
print(j-i,(n*(n-1))//2 if i==j else a.count(i)*a.count(j))

A: Mark is right on the point. His answer is more pythonic.
Just for future reference. Whenever I can't read a line right away, I try to rewrite it with a better format, perhaps adding new lines and indents.
print(
    j-i,
    [  (n*(n-1))//2,
       a.count(i)*a.count(j)  ][i!=j]
)

A: To make it easier i remove the input(). Replace it with "5" and "1 2 3 4 5"
I think you understod this part
n=int("5") # n = 5
a=list(map(int,"1 2 3 4 5".split()))  # a=[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
i,j=min(a),max(a)   # (i, j) = (1,5)

So now we have
n = 5; a =[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]; i=1; j=5;
Then we can start with [(n*(n-1))//2 ,a.count(i)*a.count(j)]:
x = (n*(n-1))//2 = 10
y = a.count(i)*a.count(j) = 1

[(n*(n-1))//2 ,a.count(i)*a.count(j)] = [x,y] = [10,1]

Now we put it into: print(j-i,[(n*(n-1))//2,a.count(i)*a.count(j)][i!=j])
print(j-i,[10,1][i!=j])
then we have:
k = j-i = 4
l = [10,1][i!=j] = 1

print(k,l)

This gives:
>>> print(4,1)
(4, 1)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Tomorrow's my birthday and I'm okay with it!
Do I enjoy getting older?
Do I enjoy what each new year brings?
I have a thing with age.
I'm one of those people who doesn't think that age is just a number.
I believe it's much more than that.
To me, age is: more life experienced.
I do believe that with age, comes knowledge.
I felt much more aware, self assured and comfortable in my skin from when I was 15 years old to 20 years old.
I felt much more free spirited, independent and driven from when I was 20 years old to 25 years old.
I felt much more well rounded, focused and grounded from when I was 25 years old to 30 years old.
I can't relate fully to a 25 year old, just like a 25 year old can't relate fully to a 20 year old. And a 35 year old probably can't fully relate to me.
At some point, I think those age gaps begin to blur and you start to see more commonality between you and females 5 years younger/older than you. Maybe it's in your 30's. Or maybe it's in your 40's - I really don't know.
Today I'm living my last day being 30 years old and I can't help but think about how much personal growth will take place before I turn 35.
And that is so exciting to me!
I wrote off a guy who told me beer made him bloated... and then married him a few years later!
I spent Easter in Hawaii and New Years Eve in Times Square.
I went to an American Idol concert.
I've slept in hostile's and on trains.
I earned a lettermen's jacket.
I ate ice cream for breakfast and egg's for dinner.
I watched The Bachelor with my grandma while laying in her hospital bed.
I've been to 48 states, 42 with Bryan.
I went on a girls trip to New Orleans with my mom to celebrate my 21st birthday.
I witnessed my metabolism shift and close get much tighter.
I dated older and married younger.
I stopped and literally smelled the roses.
I've prayed in St. Peter's Basilica.
I cruised the Pacific, Caribbean and Adriatic Sea with Bryan.
I've woken to snow on Christmas morning.
I spent 8 days in NYC with my dad going to Broadway shows, museums and eating many fine meals... just the two of us.
I've been to 28 of the 32 NFL stadiums.
I puked in a car, on a boat and in a plane... all more than once.
I've carved pumpkins and dyed Easter eggs.
I went to Wembley Stadium and held the Wimbledon trophy.
I've pulled all nighters in Vegas and NYC.
I experienced the joy of becoming an aunt.
I danced with my dad at my wedding.
I dated a guy in each time zone.
I've been approached by a Sony Pictures producer to be in a movie.
I drank Italian wine in Italy.
I received the Sacrament of Marriage.
I've seen Garth, Tim, Kenny, Keith, Ronnie/Kix, Jimmy, Jason, Brad and many, many more.
I traveled the country with my best girl friend.
I watched the sunrise over the Atlantic and the sunset over the Pacific.
I very much look forward to what this next year brings!
I love this post, I can totally relate to age bringing more life experience, I feel that too. Also the age gap part. I laughed at the part about writing off a guy who told you beer made him bloated. When I read that it occurred to me that my boyfriend of 4.5 years told me that as well when we first met and now I've turned him into a craft beer lover. Have a great birthday!!
what a great post!! happy birthday, girlfriend!
Love this!! Happy early birthday! Hope you have a fabulous weekend & a happy Easter!
LOVE LOVE LOVE this post. I hate aging...but this brings a whole new perspective on things. Besides, who doesn't love an April baby!
Maybe I should do a similar post and recall all the blessing I've had in my first 35 years!!!
Love this post - I read through all of your accomplishments - so fun! have a great birthday!!
Have a wonderful birthday. You certainly have enjoyed each moment of your life, and I love it. Enjoy the next few years even more! Cheers!
looks like you've had a blast these 30 years of your life! here's to the 30's!!
Girl you have lived the life already!!
Happy Eve before your 30th & I hope you have an amazing celebration this weekend!
If you're ever in Austin let me know so I can meet up with you!
So Sweet. I love it. Happy Birthday Kate. Hope you have a great day.
What a great 1st 30 years! Cheers to the next 30! Happy Birthday!
Happy birthday!!! Hope you have a wonderful day and are spoiled rotten! I'll have a Jameson on the rocks tomorrow for you!
This was fun to read! Happy, happy 30 years!
Oh my gracious. I loved this post, very very good.
I came over to wish you a HAppy Birthday, so here it is! Have a wonderful day today!
Cheers to your next 30 YEARS!
Happy Birthday! I adore your list of life experiences and even started making a list of my own. What a great way to look back on your life. I hope your next 30 years are just as memorable.
Happy birthday- beautiful reflections & great attitude. Hope you have a lovely day!
I know I'm lately but happy belated birthday! I hope it was wonderful!!
making it 30 comments for your 30th birthday...hope it's been an awesome one!
You have done a ton!! Impressive!!


text:
Near Rennes: this couple sells pizzas from the window of their house
By Laura Gentile
Published it 13. 22 December at 18:42
News Rennes
Amandine Millon and Killian Perez opened Pizza Maison in Bruz. (©Laure Gentil/Actu Rennes)
He is only 23 years old and yet Killian Perez no lack of experience! Best apprentice pastry chef in France, he learned his trade as a pastry chef in Elysee. Today he lives in Bruzin Ille-et-Vilainewith his partner Amanda Millon, pastry chef.
In addition to her everyday work withYvan Chevalier (Meilleur Ouvrier de France Chocolatier 2019), who owns a pastry-chocolate factory in the center of Rennes, the young and talented Killian decided to try his hand at pizza at the weekends.
That was last November Homemade pizzatheir take-out pizza project, was born.
News: Why did you settle in Rennes?
Killian Perez: I opened Yvan Chevalier's shop in 2022. We had met a year earlier when I was pastry chef at Alain Ducasse's school in Saint-Étienne. He had come to give vocational training. We had a good feeling. He asked me to follow him to open his shop.
Why did you open Pizza Maison?
CP: It is a project for two with my partner Amandine. She lives and works with me at Yvan Chevalier. We are setting up this little dark kitchen because we want to start our own business. It gave us the opportunity to put a first foot on the ladder of business creation and management. It also allows us to create a small portfolio to open our business.
View content on Instagram
Why make pizzas when you are a pastry chef?
CP: We are pizza lovers, everywhere we go we have to eat it! I have been making my own pizza dough for years when I cook. When we arrived in Bruz we couldn't find a shoe that fit us. There was something to do. In addition, the initial investment is not as large as for a pastry. At the hardware level, it's much simpler. Even on raw materials, it is much less complicated than in pastry. But opening a real pizzeria is not the goal.
The couple sells their pizzas through their window. (©Laure Gentil/Actu Rennes)
How do I order?
CP: We are open Friday from 19.00 and Saturday and Sunday from 18.30. Ordering is complicated because we are victims of our own success. Also, to be sure to have your pizza, call as soon as possible or even the day before for the next day. We are looking to see if we can set up a website to manage the influx of orders.
What pizzas do you offer?
CP: A Margherita, a queen, a spicy, a goat/honey, 4 cheeses and a vegetarian. They all cost €12. We also offer focaccia for €4.50 and a nutella focaccia for €6.
Was this article helpful to you? Note that you can follow Actu Rennes in the My Actu room. With a single click, after registration, you will find all the news about your favorite cities and brands.
Categories Pizza
a "major scientific breakthrough" announced by an American laboratory
Richard Berry accused of incest: his wife Pascale Louange, exhausted, evokes her "waking nightmare"


Today's post is for Anne.
This is what happens when you were just a boy and a boy like you was killed. You live with that for eight years, you let it go, you forget about him and then he comes back to you after a while and you've missed him. He is someone you might have loved, would have loved, did love. You loved him then, remember? Things were happy then, the two of you together. And then, while researching his murder, that day, that fence, that state, those boys, that bar—you begin to break up with your boyfriend. Slowly, over months. Nothing drastic. Nothing messy. This is another kind of murder and the entire life you knew falls apart in eight weeks. You dismantle it, the two of you, piece by piece in the clinical way of a surgeon who knows precisely where the slice goes to remove the limb with minimal blood loss. Suddenly, you can't tell one story from the other: yours, his. You are him.
Then there is just grief. Something is missing, something has been taken. You begin to watch films, films, films. Become obsessed with films, with Hitchcock again—then, with Vertigo. The lengths we go to preseve what we love. In the film, the clerk says, "The gentlemen certainly seems to know what he wants." He makes her over into someone else, but in this film everyone is or wants to be someone else, and some of them are dead or end up dead or want to be dead. This is all very confusing.
This is how the book makes itself.


text:
Lawrence "Larry" McGettigan (* 25. Dezember 1952 in Hackney; † 9. Januar 1994 in Watford) war ein englischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere
McGettigan kam im November 1968 als Amateur zum FC Watford, im Februar 1969 erhielt wurde er Apprentice (dt. Auszubildender), im November 1970 unterzeichnete er seinen ersten Profivertrag. McGettigan debütierte in der Saison 1971/72 auf dem rechten Flügel für Watford. In seiner ersten Saison absolvierte er 25 Ligapartien und erzielte drei Treffer, der Klub stieg allerdings als abgeschlagener Tabellenletzter aus der Second Division in die Third Division ab und stellte mit 24 erzielten Toren einen neuen Minusrekord für die Spielklassen der Football League auf. In den folgenden drei Spielzeiten wurden Einsätze für McGettigan deutlich rarer, nach einem weiteren Abstieg am Ende der Saison 1974/75 verließ er den Verein im Sommer 1975 und schloss sich dem Viertligisten FC Barnsley an, seine dortige Zugehörigkeit endete aber schon wenige Wochen nach seinem Wechsel.

In der ersten Jahreshälfte 1976 war er auf vertragsloser Basis beim FC Brentford zugegen, ein neuerlicher Profivertrag kam aber nicht mehr zustande. McGettigan spielte in der Folge im lokalen Non-League football von Hertfordshire für Emeralds und die Sandridge Rovers. Beruflich verdiente er seinen Lebensunterhalt als Sortierer in einer Postfiliale und blieb bis 1993 in der Fußball-Betriebsmannschaft aktiv. McGettigan starb im Januar 1994 an einem Herzinfarkt.

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (FC Watford)
Fußballspieler (FC Barnsley)
Geboren 1952
Gestorben 1994
Engländer
Brite
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
SMASHING START FOR TSITSIPAS
Greece's Stefanos Tsitsipas surged into Mubadala World Tennis Championship contention with a straight sets win over Russian Andrey Rublev at the International Tennis Centre in Zayed Sports City.
In the first of eight matches over three action-packed days in the UAE capital, Tsitsipas triumphed 6-3, 6-4 in a big-hitting battle between two of the world's best male players.
With thousands of young fans flooding into the Mubadala World Tennis Championship Tennis Village to make the most of clinics, autograph and Q&A sessions with star players throughout the day, all eyes switched to the pristine playing surface at 4pm as an array of Greek flags evidenced the Abu Dhabi arrival of arguably the Mediterranean nation's finest sportsman.
World No. 6 Tsitsipas took control early, demonstrating the full range of his significant shot repertoire to race into a 3-0 lead. The imperious start underlined why tennis experts are anticipating 2020 will be the year Tsitsipas lands a maiden Grand Slam title.
Still only 21 years of age, the Greek's huge power and fluid movement around the court proved too much for Rublev in the early exchanges. The Russian displayed a deftness of touch in executing several point-winning drop shots, but the comeback was short-lived as Tsitsipas ran out a 6-3 winner.
A cagey start to the second set turned on its head when the towering Greek caught a lucky net cord to earn a break point, which he duly converted to move 3-2 ahead. From there, the outcome was a formality, as Tsitsipas closed out the match in one hour and eight minutes.
"It was a well-balanced match and we both gave the fans something they could enjoy. I stuck to my game plan from my forehand side and served well at times. I need much more consistency moving into the season, but I found ways to make it happen. I am going to keep trying to mix it up by working on things which will be important in the future," said Tsitsipas.
Having earned a semi-final clash with World No. 2 Novak Djokovic, Tsitsipas added: "Competition between us is very intense and it's difficult test this early in the season. I need to be focused."
Despite his losing start at the Mubadala World Tennis Championship, Rublev was optimistic: "This game is amazing preparation for the season and we both played seriously. When you play the first real matches of your pre-season against top players it gives you confidence to take into a major tournament. To play well and find the rhythm of playing matches gives you a lot."


Rx: closed & locked up syndrome, XS cond. Sudden onset Action: scatter energy Stimulate CNS. Always use w other herbs. Have a strong smell Aromatic substances.
S/s: L.O.C, delirium, epilepsy, convulsions or wind stroke.
Causes: febrile D. Heat enters Ying level.
Cautions: Short term use, pregnancy, heavy bleeding, coma due to Xu.


Inside South Coast Plaza—the largest shopping mall on the West Coast—a major cosmetics retailer received a complete makeover that included the installation of a sleek LED display.
Located at the back of a stylishly remodeled boutique, the bright and vivid display is clearly visible from the concourse outside the shop's front doors.
This FINE PITCH Interior S|Video™ 3 mm LED display features Sansi's in-house diodes and contains approximately 750,00 pixels. The display measures 9 ft. wide by 8 ft. tall with a resolution of 896 x 836 pixels and will display contemporary, chic imagery generated by the brand.
The two large frames attached directly to the space's plywood wall, along with 12 rectangular modules that hold the LED panels and electronics in place, allowing for quick and easy installation. The display is recessed into the black wall, complimenting the modern decor of the establishment.
SNA Displays employed YESCO, the electric sign manufacturer, to install the large display.


text:
Harmon Clayton Killebrew (; 29 de junho de 1936, Payette, Idaho – 17 de maio de 2011, Scottsdale, Arizona), apelidado de "The Killer" e "Hammerin' Harmon" foi um jogador profissional de beisebol que atuou como primeira base, terceira base e campista esquerdo. Jogou 22 anos na Major League Baseball (MLB), principalmente com o Washington Senators/Minnesota Twins. Killebrew foi um prolífico e poderoso rebatedor que, na época de sua aposentadoria, estava atrás apenas de Babe Ruth em home runs na  Liga Americana (AL) e era o líder da AL em home runs por um jogador destro  (foi quebrado por Alex Rodriguez). Entrou para o  Hall of Fame em 1984.

Killebrew que tinha 1,80 de altura e pesava 97 quilos, tinha uma rebatida com tremenda força. Se tornou um dos mais temidos rebatedores da Liga Americana nos anos 1960, rebatendo 40 home runs em temporada única por oito vezes. Em 1965, jogou na World Series com o Twins, que perdeu para o Los Angeles Dodgers. Sua melhor temporada foi em 1969, quando rebateu 49 home runs, conseguiu 140  corridas impulsionadas (RBIs) e venceu o prêmio de MVP. Killebrew liderou a liga em home runs em seis ocasiões e três vezes em RBIs, além de ter sido convocado onze vezes para o All-Star.

Com mãos rápidas e excepcional força no tronco, Killebrew era conhecido não apenas pela frequência de seus home runs mas também pela distância das rebatidas. Rebateu o mais longo home run calculado no estádio do Minnesota, o Metropolitan Stadium, com , e no estádio do  Baltimore Memorial Stadium, com , e foi o primeiro de apenas quatro rebatedores a rebater uma bola para o campo esquerdo acima do teto do estádio do Detroit, o Tiger Stadium. Apesar de seus apelidos e de seu poderoso estilo de jogo, Killebrew era considerado por seus companheiros de time como sendo um homem quieto e gentil. Perguntado uma vez sobre quais hobbies ele tinha, Killebrew respondeu, "Apenas lavar a louça, eu acho."

Após se aposentar no beisebol, Killebrew se tornou comentarista esportivo na TV de diversos times de beisebol de 1976 até 1988, além de atuar como instrutor de rebatidas no Oakland Athletics. Se divorciou e casou novamente durante este tempo, se mudando para o Arizona em 1990 presidindo sua fundação, a Harmon Killebrew Foundation. Killebrew foi disgnosticado com câncer esofágico em dezembro de 2010, e morreu cinco meses depois.

Ver também
Beisebol
MLB

Ligações externas

 Harmon Killebrew - estatísticas e perfil no Baseball-Reference
 Harmon Killebrew - estatísticas e perfil no MLB.com

Beisebolistas dos Estados Unidos
Beisebolistas do Minnesota Twins
Beisebolistas do Kansas City Royals
Beisebolistas do Washington Senators
Naturais do Idaho
Membros do National Baseball Hall of Fame


text:
Vice Admiral Sanjeev Bhasin PVSM, AVSM, VSM,  is a retired Indian Navy officer.

Military career
He has commanded the Indian Navy ships ,  as well as INS Ranjit.

He was promoted to rear admiral on January 1, 2002 and served as Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet.

In November 2006 he was promoted to the rank of Vice Admiral in November 2006 and was Deputy Chief of the Integrated Defence Staff at HQ Integrated Defence Staff from January 2007 before taking over as Commandant of the National Defence College in October 2007.

He is a graduate of the United States Naval War College and College of Naval Warfare.

He has been awarded the Vishisht Seva Medal in 2003 and the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal in 2006.

Military Decorations

References

Living people
Indian Navy admirals
Flag Officers Commanding Eastern Fleet
Naval War College alumni
Recipients of the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
Recipients of the Vishisht Seva Medal
Year of birth missing (living people)
National Defence College, India alumni


2004-08-26 Assigned to CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION reassignment CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WAGNER, ANTHONY S.
2009-10-02 Assigned to CLEAN TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION reassignment CLEAN TECHNOLOGY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE NAME OF THE ASSIGNEE SHOWN IN THE ORIGINAL ASSIGNMENT PREVIOUSLY RECORDED ON REEL 015088 FRAME 0040. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IS TRUE AND CORRECT AND ANY COPY SUBMITTED IS A TRUE COPY OF THE ORIGINAL DOCUMENT. Assignors: WAGNER, ANTHONY S.
A method includes liberating carbon atoms from hydrocarbon molecules by reaction with or in a reactant liquid and maintaining the liberated carbon atoms in an excited state. The chemically excited liberated carbon atoms are then enabled to traverse a surface of the reactant liquid and are directed across a collection surface. The collection surface and the conditions at and around the collection surface are maintained so that the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state phase change to a ground state by carbon nanostructure self-assembly.
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing carbon nanotubes from a hydrocarbon feedstock. The invention also includes an apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanotubes.
Carbon nanostructures have received a great deal of interest since their discovery. It has been suggested that carbon nanostructures may have important applications in electronics, in materials sciences, and in a number of additional fields. As used in this disclosure, a carbon nanostructure comprises a structure formed from chemically bonded carbon atoms, with or without impurities or intentionally added materials incorporated in the carbon structure or adjacent to the carbon structure. Carbon nanostructures include particularly carbon nanotubes in which carbons atoms are arranged in generally a hexagonal ring with a series of such rings arranged along a linear or curved axis side-by-side to form a tube structure. Carbon nanotubes may be single walled or multiple walled. Single wall nanotubes include a single hexagonal arrangement of carbon atoms arranged side-by-side with other such hexagonal rings, while multiple walled nanotubes are made up of a series of inner hexagonal rings and a series of one or more layers of outer hexagonal rings.
Despite the interest in carbon nanostructures and the potentially important uses for such structures, the practical application of carbon nanostructures in products has been slowed by the difficulty in manufacturing such structures. Two general types of processes have been employed to produce or isolate carbon nanostructures. One process type uses a plasma arc between carbon electrodes. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,482,601 and 5,753,088 describe such carbon plasma arc processes for producing carbon nanotubes. Another process type involves simply isolating naturally formed, self-assembled carbon nanotubes from graphite and soot. Such an isolation process or refinement process for carbon nanotubes is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,560,898.
The prior processes for producing or isolating carbon nanotubes have been found to produce only small quantities of carbon nanotubes of inconsistent quality. The low quality carbon nanotubes produced or isolated by the prior methods commonly included metal or other atoms incorporated in the carbon structure. These impurities incorporated in the walls of the carbon nanotubes may have a negative impact on the qualities and properties of the nanotube and may render it unsuitable for an intended purpose.
The present invention provides a method for manufacturing high quality, substantially impurity-free carbon nanostructures in relatively large quantities. The method also encompasses apparatus for performing the carbon nanostructure production method and for collecting the resulting carbon nanostructures.
A method embodying the principles of the invention includes liberating carbon atoms from hydrocarbon molecules and maintaining the liberated carbon atoms in an excited state by treatment within a reactant liquid. The liberation of carbon atoms according to the invention may be by chemical reduction, chemical oxidation, reactions from acids, bases, or salts, or pyrolysis in the reactant liquid. For example, one preferred form of the invention utilizes a liquid reactant metal to chemically reduce the hydrocarbon feed material to liberate carbon atoms and maintain the liberated carbon atoms in a chemically reactive, excited state. Regardless of the specific chemical process or mechanism by which the carbon atoms are liberated, the chemically excited liberated carbon atoms are enabled to traverse a surface of the reactant liquid and are directed across a collection surface. The invention includes maintaining the collection surface and adjacent areas under conditions in which the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state phase change to a ground state by carbon nanostructure self-assembly. Maintaining conditions for facilitating this phase change and nanostructure self-assembly includes maintaining an appropriate collection atmosphere in a collection area above the reactant liquid with the collection surface located in the collection area. These nanostructure collection conditions may also require maintaining appropriate mass flow conditions in the collection area and at the collection surface.
As used in this disclosure and the accompanying claims, an "excited state" for carbon atoms is any electron state above the ground state. In an excited state according to the present invention, the electrons of the liberated carbon atoms may be either at the second energy level, third energy level, or fourth energy level, and including the valence energy level. The "collection conditions" in the collection area comprise those conditions in which there is no chemical or physical interference with the desired nanostructure assembly or creation. Chemical interference would be any chemical reaction with the liberated carbon atoms that would prevent the carbon atoms from the desired nanostructure assembly or creation. Physical interference would be any physical condition that would prevent the carbon atoms from the desired nanostructure assembly or creation. For example, the presence of free metal atoms or other atoms other than carbon (extraneous atoms) at the points of carbon nanostructure assembly may cause the extraneous atoms to be incorporated in the carbon nanostructure or otherwise clutter or inhibit the desired nanostructure formation. Thus, a collection atmosphere according to the present invention may comprise an atmosphere in which extraneous atoms are separated or limited in some fashion from the points of nanostructure formation.
An apparatus embodying the principles of the invention includes a reactant liquid vessel, an injection arrangement, a collection chamber, and a collection surface. The reactant liquid vessel is capable of containing a suitable reactant liquid (such as a liquid reactant metal for example) at a reactant liquid level and the injection arrangement is operable to inject a stream of feed material into the reactant liquid vessel at a point below the reactant liquid level. The collection chamber is positioned to receive effluent escaping from the reactant liquid in an effluent ejection area within the reactant liquid vessel. This effluent will include the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state and other reaction products from the reaction of the feed material within the reactant liquid. The collection surface comprises a surface in the collection chamber that is at a position above the reactant liquid level and adjacent to the effluent ejection area. As will be described in detail in the following description of preferred embodiments, this collection surface may be in any one or more of a number of orientations or arrangements to provide a surface on which the excited carbon atoms in the effluent from the reactant liquid may chemically phase change and covalently bond together to form the desired carbon nanostructures.
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of an alternate collection chamber according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic representation of another alternate collection surface arrangement within the scope of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic representation of another alternate collection chamber according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagrammatic representation of a test apparatus that has been used to produce carbon nanostructures according to the present invention.
Referring to the diagrammatic representation of FIG. 1, an apparatus 100 for producing carbon nanostructures according to the present invention includes a reactant liquid vessel 101 for containing a reactant liquid 105 at a reactant liquid level 102. An injection arrangement shown generally at reference numeral 103 allows a stream of feed material to be injected into reactant liquid vessel 101 at an injection point 104 below reactant liquid level 102. Apparatus 100 further includes a collection arrangement shown generally in dashed box 106. The illustrated collection arrangement includes a collection chamber 107 positioned to receive effluent escaping from the reactant liquid in an effluent ejection area shown generally at reference numeral 108. The collection arrangement also includes a collection surface 110 within collection chamber 107, the collection surface residing at a position above the reactant liquid level and adjacent to effluent ejection area 108.
The apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a reaction chamber portion formed within vessel 101 below the reactant metal level 102. This reaction chamber is shown generally at reference numeral 112 and is defined by a tunnel structure having an upper wall 114 located below the reactant liquid level 102 in vessel 101. The tunnel structure is best shown in the end view of FIG. 2 and includes side walls 115 in addition to the upper wall 114. Referring again to FIG. 1, the tunnel structure produces an elongated tunnel below the reactant liquid level 102 in vessel 101. Feed material is injected at a feed end 116 of the tunnel structure and reaction products from the reaction of the feed material in the reactant liquid exits the tunnel structure at an outlet end 117. The figures show these reaction products in the reactant metal as bubbles 118. Preferred forms of the tunnel structure include one or more flow channels or lips 119 at the outlet end 117 that each define a location in which the relatively light reaction products collected at the top of the tunnel structure exit the tunnel. The importance of directing the reaction products to particular locations will be described further below in connection with the collection chamber 107.
This tunnel reaction chamber structure and reactant liquid vessel arrangement is similar to the arrangement shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,126 to the present inventor. The entire content of this prior patent is incorporated herein by this reference. The function of the tunnel structure is to help ensure good contact between the reactant liquid and the feed material and between the reactant liquid and any intermediate reaction products that form from initial reactions of feed material. The placement of the tunnel below the reactant liquid level 102 also ensures that a pressure is maintained on the feed material and intermediate reaction products. This pressure results from the column of reactant liquid above the feed material and intermediate reaction products. The tunnel structure shown in the present drawings includes one or more vents or passages 120 along the length of the tunnel structure to allow fresh reactant metal to continually flow into the tunnel structure along its length and to help accommodate the expansion of gasses in the tunnel.
The form of the invention shown in FIG. 1 includes an enclosure 121 over reactant liquid vessel 101. It will be appreciated that apparatus 100 will also commonly require an arrangement for heating the reactant liquid to maintain it in a desired temperature range, and an arrangement for circulating the reactant liquid in vessel 101 and especially through the reaction chamber 112 defined by the tunnel structure walls 114 and 115 in the direction shown by arrow F in FIG. 1. Further details on the tunnel structure and the structure of vessel 101 and arrangements for heating and circulating reactant liquid, particularly a liquid reactant metal such as aluminum alone or together with other metals, may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,227,126. However, since these details are not necessary for an understanding of the present invention, such details are omitted here.
Feed material injection arrangement 103 includes an injection conduit 124 having an outlet end that extends to injection point 104 below the reactant liquid level 102. The injection point 104 is located so that the feed material exiting the conduit is captured within the tunnel structure under upper wall 114 and thus is forced to flow along the upper wall and along the entire length of the tunnel structure before it can exit the reactant liquid in effluent ejection area 108. This flow along the lower surface of upper tunnel wall 114 helps ensure complete destruction of the feed material and an intermediate reaction products that may form as the feed material is destroyed by reaction with or in the reactant liquid. Injection point 104 is also preferably at a depth below the reactant liquid level 102 to produce a desired reaction pressure due to the column of reactant liquid above the injection point. For a predominantly aluminum reactant liquid this pressure is approximately 2.4 pounds per square inch above atmospheric pressure. Due to the relatively high temperature that may be present in the reactant liquid, conduit 124 is preferably enclosed in a suitable thermal insulating sheath 127 which may comprise one or more layers of insulating material or a jacket through which a cooling fluid may be circulated. The upper end of conduit 124 is connected to a line which ultimately extends to a feed material supply 128 and preferably a purge gas supply 129 through a suitable arrangement of control valves 130.
Collection chamber 107 is located with respect to the outlet end 117 of the tunnel structure so that reaction products 118 are ultimately captured in the collection chamber. That is, the reaction products 118 flow up from flow channels 119 and traverse the surface of the reactant liquid in effluent ejection area 108 into the area defined as collection chamber 107. This area is defined by chamber walls 134. An outlet conduit 135 receives material that is not collected within chamber 107 and preferably carries that material, which may include gasses, carbon, and particulates that escape the reactant liquid bath. Although it is not shown in FIG. 1, it will be appreciated that suitable equipment may be connected to outlet conduit 135 to remove recoverable material from the effluent that reaches the outlet conduit.
In the form of the invention shown in FIG. 1, collection surface 110 comprises an upper surface of a collection structure 138 that either floats or is fixed so that a lower surface 139 of the structure resides below reactant liquid level 102 while the collection surface 110 resides above the reactant liquid level in collection chamber 107. A deflection surface 140 may also be included in collection chamber 107 positioned to deflect effluent traversing the surface of the reactant liquid in effluent ejection area 108 so that the effluent, including the carbon atoms in the excited state, flow over collection surface 110. It will be noted that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 both collection surface 110 and deflection surface 140 extend in a respective plane transverse to a device vertical axis V. Also, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 lower surface 139 of collection structure 138 forms a blocking structure positioned above the respective flow channel 119 and below the reactant liquid level 102 in reactant liquid vessel 101. The effluent from the feed material/reactant liquid reaction must flow around this blocking structure in order to reach effluent ejection area 108 and exit the reactant liquid.
Collection surface 110 may be located from just above reactant liquid level 102 (an inch or less) to as much as three feet above the reactant liquid. One or more seed objects may be included on collection surface 110. Seed objects maybe any type of objects that encourage or facilitate the assembly of carbon nanostructures from the chemically excited carbon atoms exiting the reactant liquid bath. Seed objects may include pure catalyst metals such as titanium and platinum, for example, or metal oxides such as manganese oxide, magnesium oxide, copper oxide, chromium oxide, and titanium oxide, for example. The catalyst may or may not be sacrificial. Seed objects may also include graphite surfaces, carbon surfaces, and seed carbon nanostructures. The seed objects may be spaced apart across collection surface 110 or may make up the entire collection surface. For example, the entire collection structure 138 may be formed from graphite or carbon or some other material that serves as a seed material.
Referring to FIG. 3, an alternate collection surface arrangement includes a collection structure 301 mounted on a rod 302 or other suitable support in collection chamber 303 defined by chamber walls 306. Lower surface 304 of structure 301 provides a blocking surface similar to surface 139 shown in FIG. 1, surface 305 provides the collection surface in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3. This alternate embodiment is advantageous because the entire collection structure 301 may be readily withdrawn from collection chamber 303 through a suitable access opening (not shown) in the chamber in order to gain access to the collection surface 305 and remove carbon nanostructures that have collected on the collection surface. It is noted that the vessel 101, outlet conduit 135, tunnel upper wall 114, reactant liquid 105 and reactant liquid level 102 are identical to those shown in FIG. 1.
The alternative embodiment shown in FIG. 4, includes collection structures 401 similar to structure 301 shown in FIG. 3. However, the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 also includes additional blocking structures 402 supported below the reactant liquid level 102. These blocking structures 402 direct reaction products in the reactant liquid 105 toward a central portion of each collection structure 401 so that the reaction products must flow around the collection structures to exit the reactant liquid. It will be noted that the view in FIG. 4 is at about 90 degrees to the view in FIGS. 1 and 3. It will be further noted that multiple spaced apart flow channels at the outlet end 117 of a tunnel structure such as that shown in FIG. 1 would be required to allow the reaction products to flow up properly beneath each of the blocking structures 402 shown in FIG. 4.
The alternate collection arrangement shown in FIG. 5 includes a series of collection members 501 having vertically extending collection surfaces 502. The vertical orientation of surfaces 502 is in contrast to the collection surface 110 shown in FIG. 1, which extends transverse to the device vertical axis V. That is, the collection surfaces 502 extend parallel to device vertical axis V rather than transverse. Collection members 501 may comprise cylinders or plates that are spaced apart sufficiently to allow effluent other than the materials to be incorporated in nanostructures to reach outlet conduit 135.
A method according to the present invention may now be described with reference particularly to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1. Such a method includes liberating carbon atoms from hydrocarbon molecules by reaction within or with a reactant liquid and maintaining the liberated carbon atoms in an excited state. This step is performed in apparatus 100 in FIG. 1 by contacting a hydrocarbon feed material from supply 128 with the reactant liquid in vessel 101. Sufficient contact time to product the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state in apparatus 100 by ensuring that the feed material and any intermediate reaction products must flow the entire length of the tunnel structure defined by upper tunnel wall 114. Also, the reactant liquid is maintained at a suitable reaction temperature to effect the desired liberation of carbon atoms. For example, where the reactant liquid is made up predominantly of aluminum the liquid is maintained between approximately 650 degrees Celsius and approximately 950 degrees Celsius. Injection point 104 and upper tunnel wall 114 are located deep enough in the reactant liquid to produce a desired reaction pressure, preferably at least 2.4 psig at least at some point in the apparatus where the reactant liquid comprises aluminum. These preferred temperatures and pressure conditions together with the nature of the reactant liquid ensure the liberation of the desired chemically excited carbon atoms.
The method also includes enabling the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state to traverse the surface of the reactant liquid in the effluent ejection area 108, and directing the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state across collection surface 110 which may include one or more seed materials or objects. Collection conditions are maintained in chamber 107 and at collection surface 110 at which the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state phase change to a ground state by carbon nanostructure self-assembly.
Maintaining collection conditions in chamber 107 and at surface 110 may include controlling the temperature and effluent flow conditions as well as the appropriate atmosphere in chamber 107. In particular, an appropriate collection atmosphere comprises an atmosphere that does not chemically or physically interfere with the desired carbon nanostructure formation. Purging collection chamber 107 of materials that could chemically react with the liberated carbon before it can form the desired nanocarbon structures may be particularly important in creating and maintaining the desired collection atmosphere. Thus, a preferred process includes first purging the chamber 107 by directing a suitable purge gas such as argon or some other noble gas or an inert gas from purge supply 129 to chamber 107. A separate purge arrangement may alternatively or additionally be included in the system with a purge inlet directly in chamber 107 to prevent having to run the purge gas through the reactant liquid.
The flow regime of effluent exiting the reactant liquid and flowing through collection chamber 107 may be important for allowing the chemically excited carbon atoms to bond together to produce the desired carbon nanostructures without extraneous atoms becoming incorporated in the structures. It is believed that a turbulent flow regime over collection surface 110 best facilitates the production of carbon nanostructures without incorporating heavier atoms (such as metals) that may escape from the reactant liquid bath. It may also be possible to adjust the flow rate and composition of effluent flowing over collection surface 110 to encourage the incorporation of various atoms other than carbon in the carbon nanostructures produced at the collection surface. The invention encompasses numerous techniques for controlling the composition and flow rate of effluent through collection chamber 107 and over collection surface 110. The relative amount of hydrocarbon in the material injected at point 104 and the type or types of hydrocarbon materials injected may influence both flow rate and content of flow. An inert or noble gas may be injected together with the feed material from purge gas supply 129 or from some other supply to affect the flow rate of effluent through chamber 107 and the content of the effluent.
Some forms of the invention may purposefully inject one or more materials into the collection chamber 107 through a separate collection chamber input, that is, separate from effluent ejection area 108, in order to affect the flow characteristics in the flow chamber and in order to provide desired materials to be incorporated in the carbon nanostructures. Such a separate collection chamber input may include a suitable tube (not shown) which traverses a collection chamber wall and which includes an injection end at a point to direct injected materials against collection surface 110 and effluent flows up from the reactant liquid 105 and passes over the collection surface. Particles of seed material may also be injected into collection chamber 107 with such an injection conduit. These particles of seed material may be injected prior to enabling the chemically excited carbon atoms to flow across collection surface 110 or while carbon atoms are flowing across the collection surface.
The invention also encompasses numerous variations to produce the desired flow regime and flow characteristics through collection chamber 107. Two methods are employed in apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1. One method employs deflection surface 140 to deflect effluent escaping from the reactant liquid at effluent ejection area 108. This deflection is preferably produced no more than three feet above the surface of the reactant liquid. Other types of deflection surfaces or features may also be employed according to the present invention. The other flow regime and characteristic affecting technique used the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 comprises providing collection surface 110 in a transverse plane with respect to device vertical axis V along which the effluent initially flows as it escapes the reactant liquid. Providing this transverse collection surface 110 produces a low pressure area on the collection surface in an area near the rightmost edge in FIG. 1. The low pressure area created as effluent flows over the rightmost upper edge of collection structure 138 in FIG. 1 is believed to encourage the collection of chemically excited carbon atoms at that location of collection surface 110 and the production of carbon nanostructures at that location. It will be appreciated that numerous different collection surface profiles or contours may be employed to encourage the desired collection of carbon atoms and self-assembly of nanostructures. For example, collection surface 110 may include one or more projections and/or indentations to produce the desired flow characteristics across the collection surface.
Any number of reactant liquids may be used to react the feed materials or feed material constituents according to the present invention. A preferred reactant liquid comprises liquid aluminum either alone or with other metals as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,000,101, which is also incorporated herein in its entirety. Temperatures may preferably range from approximately 650 degrees Celsius to approximately 950 degrees Celsius for reactant metals incorporating a substantial fraction of aluminum. Other reactant liquids may be used within different temperature ranges sufficient to liberate carbon atoms in the chemically excited state for assembly into nanostructures at collection surface 110. The invention encompasses any liquid that either reacts with the feed material or otherwise causes carbon atoms in the desired excited state to be liberated from the feed material. The chemically excited carbon atoms may be liberated by chemical reduction (as in the case of a reactant liquid made up predominantly of aluminum), by chemical oxidation, by providing chemically neutral electron reduction potentials, or by applying sufficient kinetic energy (through heat) to break the carbon bonds to other atoms in the feed molecules, or by any of these mechanisms. The reactant liquid may be a metal, acid, base, salt, or any combination of these. The temperature of the particular liquid will depend upon the particular reaction required to liberate the excited carbon atoms and the nature of the reactant liquid itself. For example, chemically neutral liquids that liberate carbon atoms by heat alone may be held at very high temperatures to produce the desired carbon liberation, on the order of approximately 1500 degrees Celsius or more.
Collection surface 110 is also preferably maintained in a similar temperature range as the reactant liquid, and most preferably at a temperature just below the reactant liquid temperature, for example, approximately fifty (50) degrees Celsius or less below the liquid reactant temperature. It is believed that these reactant liquids, and temperatures, together with the reaction pressure and contact time with the reactant liquid not only completely liberate the carbon atoms from the hydrocarbon feed material but also places the carbon atoms in an excited state. The reactant liquid is also believed to surround the liberated carbon atoms while they are still in the reactant liquid to maintain the carbon atoms in the chemically excited state and prevent them from phase changing to a ground state before they have a chance to self-assemble into the desired nanostructures at the collection surface. The conditions are maintained at the collection surface according to the present invention so that these excited carbon atoms phase change to a ground state as they bond covalently with other carbon atoms at the collection surface to form the desired carbon nanostructures.
It will be appreciated that some carbon that escapes the reactant liquid may also be diatomic carbon and double or triple bonded carbon. As used in this disclosure and the accompanying claims, "liberated carbon atoms" includes single atom carbon, diatomic carbon, and other two-carbon combinations such as two-carbon double bonded structures and two-carbon triple bonded structures. All of the liberated carbon atoms escaping the reactant liquid will be chemically excited. Some of the two-carbon combinations that may escape the reactant liquid may be incorporated, together with single, chemically excited carbon atoms, into molecularly combined carbon nanostructures within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention may use any number of hydrocarbon compounds as the feed material or as part of the feed material. Preferred forms of the invention utilize hydrocarbon compounds including single-bonded carbon either predominantly or exclusively. However, compounds including double and triple bonded carbon may be used according to the invention provided sufficient contact time with the reactant liquid to liberate carbon atoms and place them in a chemically excited state for assembly into carbon nanostructures. Some forms of the invention may adjust the content of the various hydrocarbon materials in a feed material mixture to provide a desired concentration of liberated single carbon atoms and liberated carbon molecules for incorporation into the desired carbon nanostructures. For example, the feed materials may be manipulated so that the effluent escaping the reactant liquid includes carbon in desired relative concentrations of single carbon atoms and double bonded carbon molecules.
Tests which were conducted according to the present invention may be described with reference to the test apparatus 600 shown diagrammatically in FIG. 6. This test apparatus 600 included a vessel 601 containing liquid reactant metal 602 made up of predominantly aluminum together with a number of other metals at about 930 degrees Celsius. The liquid reactant metal 602 was continuously circulated to and from a heating chamber not shown in FIG. 6 with a stirring device also not shown in the figure. An injection/collection structure included in test apparatus 600 was made up of an injection conduit 604 that extended down from a top wall 605 to an injection point 606 below the level 607 of reactant metal 602. Subsurface deflecting elements 608 helped prevent reaction products 609 from escaping the bath too quickly. A collection structure 610 included a rectangular plate generally centered in vessel 601. Effluent escaping from the reactant metal 602 traversed the surface of the metal at level 607 in areas A and in small gaps G between injection conduit 604 and collection structure/plate 610. During the collection part of the test, plate 610 was mostly submerged in liquid metal 602 leaving at most about one-half inch of the plate thickness above level 607.
In the tests, once the injection conduit/collection structure was in place in vessel 601, argon gas was injected through input line 612 and ultimately through conduit 604 and the reactant metal to displace air and any other gasses trapped in the area between level 607 and top 605 which formed the collection area of the apparatus. Once the collection area was purged with argon gas, methane was injected through input 614 at a rate of approximately four liters per minute for between thirty and forty-eight hours. Thereafter, acetylene gas and motor oil were also pumped through conduit 604. The injection conduit/collection structure was then removed from vessel 601 and allowed to cool in open air. Black soot-like material was observed over substantially the entire upper surface of collection plate 610. This material was scraped off of plate 610 in several areas and observed through a scanning electron microscope down to a resolution of approximately one micron and a transmission electron microscope at up to 200,000 times magnification. These observations showed double-walled carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoropes in the sample material.
(d) enabling the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state to traverse a surface of the reactant liquid and flow along a collection path through the collection area so that the liberated carbon atoms pass over a collection surface in the collection area under conditions in which the liberated carbon atoms are enabled to phase change to the ground state on the collection surface.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the collection surface is maintained at a temperature between approximately 600 degrees Celsius to approximately 950 degrees Celsius.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the reactant liquid includes liquid aluminum at a temperature at or above 650 degrees Celsius.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of producing the collection atmosphere includes purging the collection area of oxygen.
5. The method of claim 1 further including the step of maintaining a turbulent flow regime in gasses flowing across the collection surface.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the collection atmosphere includes one or more purge gases selected from a group consisting of nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon monoxide, and heater burner flue gasses.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of maintaining the hydrocarbon molecules and any reaction products in contact with the reactant liquid includes placing the hydrocarbon molecules and reaction products in contact with the reactant liquid under a pressure of at least approximately 2.4 psig.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of maintaining the hydrocarbon molecules and any reaction products in contact with the reactant liquid includes trapping the hydrocarbon molecules and reaction products in a reaction chamber having an upper surface below the surface of the reactant liquid.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of injecting the hydrocarbon molecules into the reactant liquid comprises injecting the hydrocarbon into a bath of reactant liquid at a depth sufficient to produce at least approximately 2.4 psig of pressure on the injected hydrocarbon molecules by the column of reactant liquid above the hydrocarbon molecules.
10. The method of claim 1 further including the step of positioning a seed material on the collection surface.
11. The method of claim 10 wherein the seed material includes a carbon nanostructure.
(c) directing the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state across a collection surface under collection conditions at which the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state phase change to a ground state by carbon nanostructure self-assembly.
13. The method of claim 12 further including the step of directing the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state across at least one seed material on the collection surface.
14. The method of claim 12 further including the step manipulating the flow of gasses traversing the surface of the reactant liquid to produce a low pressure area adjacent to the collection surface.
15. The method of claim 12 further including the step of maintaining the collection surface at temperature of between approximately 600 degrees Celsius to approximately 950 degrees Celsius.
16. The method of claim 12 wherein the reactant liquid includes predominantly aluminum at a temperature of approximately 950 degrees Celsius.
17. The method of claim 16 further including the step of maintaining the hydrocarbon molecules and reaction products under a pressure of at least approximately 2.4 psig prior to traversing the surface of the reactant liquid.
18. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of directing the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state across the collection surface includes deflecting the liberated carbon atoms along a flow path transverse to a line extending perpendicular to the reactant liquid surface and wherein the deflection is accomplished no further than approximately three feet from the level of the reactant liquid surface.
19. The method of claim 12 further including the step of securing one or more types of seed materials on the collection surface prior to directing the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state across the collection surface.
20. The method of claim 12 wherein the step of liberating carbon atoms from hydrocarbon molecules includes trapping the hydrocarbon molecules and other reaction products in a reaction chamber having an upper surface below the surface of the reactant liquid.
21. The method of claim 20 further including the step of directing the liberated carbon atoms in the excited state and other reaction products around a blocking structure extending into the reactant liquid.
22. The method of claim 21 wherein the collection surface comprises an upper surface of the blocking structure and the upper surface of the blocking structure resides above a level of the reactant liquid.
(d) a collection surface forming a surface in the collection chamber, the collection surface residing at a position above the reactant liquid level and adjacent to the effluent ejection area.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the collection surface includes a portion extending in a plane transverse to a device vertical axis.
25. The apparatus of claim 24 wherein the portion of the collection surface extending in the plane transverse to the device vertical axis includes a portion located no more than approximately three feet above the reactant liquid level of the reactant liquid vessel.
26. The apparatus of claim 23 further including at least one seed object on the collection surface.
27. The apparatus of claim 23 further including a deflecting surface forming a portion of the collection chamber, the deflection surface extending transverse to the device vertical axis in position to deflect materials escaping from the reactant liquid vessel in the effluent ejection area so as to flow across the collection surface.
28. The apparatus of claim 23 further including a reaction chamber portion of the reactant liquid vessel, the reaction chamber portion including an upper wall located below the reactant liquid level in the reactant liquid vessel.
29. The apparatus of claim 28 further including at least one flow channel formed at an outlet end of the reaction chamber portion and a blocking structure positioned above the respective flow channel and below the reactant liquid level in the reactant liquid vessel.
30. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the collection surface comprises an upper surface of a structure having a lower surface located below the reactant liquid level, the lower surface extending transverse to a device vertical axis.
31. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the collection surface includes graphite.


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She was always focused on our desires and needs, and used a great deal of imagination in originally finding us this house, and now in selling it. She was absolutely indefatigable in looking for buyers. We would unhesitatingly recommend her to others. We cant imagine anyone better in all these respects. She was the best in all four of our previous house sales and purchases. Deanna did a great job in both our purchase and ten years later, in the sale of this property, and we are extremely happy with and appreciative of her performance. She has become our friend!
Having worked with Deanna Holcombe before I trusted her. I knew that I might be out of state before the property closed and needed someone I could trust to take care of things in North Carolina for me. She was wonderful! I had a cash offer within a week with a 30 day escrow. Deanna allowed me to be able to move out of state before the closing as she handled the issues/fixes that needed to be made. She made the whole process seamless. Thank you Deanna!
I enjoyed Deanna personality a very warm person , great since f humor and easy to communicate withw. She had a very good attention to detail. Didnt feel she was aggressive enough in helping find a place. Once it was found she was great in suggesting things that would be good for resale. We found that she had our best interest at heart, and was really looking out for us.
Wilma J Withem. 41 Loftin St. creekside Village weaverville NC.
Deanna Holcomb's knowledge of the our area and the market environment plus her tactful negotiations with the eventual buyer were invaluable assets during the selling process.
Deanna Holcomb was the only realtor that kept in contact with me through a longer than expected renovation period before I was ready to list my property. She kept checking in and letting me know she was interested in listing my property. Her interest, knowledge, and sales reputation was what helped me choose her as my realtor. I was an out of town seller and Deanna made the handling of paperwork and communication very seamless. She also assisted me in locating area handymen for a couple of last minute repairs. This was a lifesaver and kept the sales process moving forward. I would definitely recommend Deanna for all your realty needs.
I trusted her advice during the whole purchase process. Deanna saved me thousands of dollars on this home purchase. She knew everything about the kind of house I wanted in the areas north and south of Asheville. She helped me to quickly identify the top candidate houses i was interested in.
Deanna always had our best interest at heart. She is not only a professional but she is a friend. She has gone above and beyond for us. We feel so fortunate to have had her on our side. She is exceptional! And we love her!!! Perry is also top notch! He is a straight up, honest guy who kept his word regarding our loan. I would highly recommend him to everyone!
Deanna did a great job. We would not hesitate to recommend her.
A very understanding person who dealt wonderfully with unusual circumstances. I would highly recommend Deanna to others. Living in California and selling property in No. Carolina could cause situations where I may have had to travel back to the condo. This was not necessary, thanks to Deanna's expertize.
We met someone by happenstance who knew Deanna and who referred us to her. We had no previous knowledge of any agents in the area. Deanna met with us, listened to our needs, and as our criteria changed, she was able to point us in the right direction, gave wonderful suggestions, and made the whole process as easy as possible. Some of the survey questions were not really applicable to our situation. However, we would definitely recommend Deanna.
Thank you for everything! I love my new home. It was completely worth the wait!
Deanna was the right mix of personal and professional. It was a pleasure working with her and I now consider her a friend.
Deanna went way beyond for me and my Dad. She was a real pleasure to work with. I can't think of anyone that has more knowledge or patience when it comes to dealing with clients and their properties. I highly recommend her. Deanna is more than your agent, she is your friend!
Deanna is a knowledgeable, trustworthy and patient Realtor. We were buying property having recently moved here from another state, and there were many differences buying in North Carolina versus our former state. Deanna always took extra time helping us to understand what we were doing and never tired of explaining what was happening every step of the way. We are also very picky buyers and again, Deanna listened carefully to our list of "must-haves," and helped us sort through the multitude of listed properties until we found what we wanted. Other Realtors before Deanna would drift in and out of our search for the ideal property, but would fade away when we wanted extra time to consider our commitment to a less-than-ideal listing. Deanna stayed with us and practically became part of the family. We would strongly endorse her for anyone looking for a Realtor who will listen and make a truly genuine effort to help you find exactly what you are looking for.
Unlike prior experiences, Deanna Holcombe seemed interested in figuring out what I really needed, particularly when I couldn't figure it out! I was leaning toward older properties, and she said, "Let's look at this new construction!" It was exactly what I needed, and I never would have figured that out on my own. My new home meets my needs perfectly and I believe that Deanna kept my interests at the forefront of the search. I am very pleased!"
Listed by Alpha Real Estate Inc.


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This impressive tart is surprisingly easy to make—and spares you the pastry shop sticker shock. Have you ever stood in front of a pastry shop or bakery case, drooling over the beautiful fruit-topped tarts? Wanting to buy one for that special date night meal or dinner party, but not wanting to pay the price? They are expensive desserts. So, why not make one yourself? I know, they can be time consuming, so I've created a shortcut for you and used Betty Crocker Sugar Cookie Mix to create the crust. The soft, sweet crust pairs perfectly with the decadently rich pastry cream filling and delicate pear slices. This dessert is just as pretty and tasty as the expensive ones in the pastry shop, but can be made at a fraction of the cost. Be sure to measure out all of your ingredients before you begin—you won't have time to do it while the pastry cream is cooking. Cut the finished tart into 12 slices and enjoy a piece while you soak up the compliments!


If a coach trip of at least 250 kilometres is cancelled or delayed by more than two hours, you can ask for the coach company to either refund the cost of your ticket or to reroute you. If you choose a refund, you can ask for your money back for each cancelled leg of the journey as well as for any legs that you have already travelled that no longer serve a purpose in terms of your travel plan. If necessary, coach companies have an obligation to arrange for coach transport back to where you started your trip as quickly as possible and free of charge. If you want to continue your trip, the coach company has an obligation to reroute you to your final destination on the agreed terms as soon as possible and without any additional charges.
If these alternatives are not immediately forthcoming, you can file a complaint later and ask for a refund on the cost of your ticket as well as compensation amounting to 50% of the ticket price. In the case of season tickets, the refund must be proportional to the journey relative to the full price of the ticket.


Paradise Chyawanprash (Vitality Nectar) is not just your ordinary Chyawanprash. Our Chyawanprash is super infused with extremely powerful extracts of Certified Amla, Ashwagandha and Pippali (Indian Long Pepper). It is formulated with an extra emphasis on using pure ethically wild crafted and clean ingredients. It was designed for year round use and has a balancing and tonifying affect for any constitution. Our Chyawanprash is hand made with the freshest Amla and prepared in the traditional way for maximum therapeutic activity.
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Una cucharadita diaria o según las indicaciones de su profesional de la salud calificado.
Jaggery (saccharum officinarum), clarified butter (ghee), raw honey, cold pressed black sesame oil. Made without fillers or binders. Contains no wheat, corn, soy, yeast, preservatives, or artificial ingredients.
Suitable for vegetarians, non-gmo and naturally gluten free.


text:
Composers Inspiration
Die Entführung aus dem Serail, K. 384
by Georg Predota	June 24th, 2015
Tags: Mozart
June 24, 2015 By Interlude0 Comments
During its days of largest expansion and influence in the 17th century, the Ottoman Empire controlled much of Southeastern Europe, the Middle East and Northern Africa. Remaining a constant military threat to Central Europe over several centuries, Turkish troops famously laid siege to Vienna in 1529, and again in 1683. According to legend, the invention of the Croissant—imitating the distinct crescent symbol of the Ottoman Empire—and the establishment of the first Viennese coffeehouse were the direct culinary outcome of these adversarial encounters. Regardless whether such gastronomic claims are valid or not, they do underscore a Viennese fascination with various aspects of Turkish culture. In fact, throughout Western Europe, it became highly fashionable to incorporate 'exotic' elements appropriated from Turkish art, into local architecture, sculpture and music.
In particular, the music of Turkish military bands—expertly performed by the uniformed infantry units known as Janissaries—held a powerful fascination for composers far and wide. Haydn, Beethoven and Mozart wrote music that reflected the spirited, powerful, and colorful properties of these distinctive military marches. Within the context of music, this meant an expansion of the orchestra to include the bass drum, the triangle, cymbals and the piccolo flute, and references to characteristic march rhythms, accentuated by melody instruments playing grace notes on the beat. What is more, the territorial and cultural intersections of the Islamic lands and the Christian civilization of Europe gave rise to a number of theatrical and operatic productions, foremost among them the Die Entführung aus dem Serail (The Abduction from the Seraglio) by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Entführung aus dem Serail, KV. 384
This colorful comedy tells the charming antics of Belmonte and Pedrillo—a master and his servant—who must rescue their beloved brides from the harem of Pasha Selim. Even more importantly than the differing personifications of sexual norms, however, was the fact that a company tellingly named "Nationalsingspiel" (National Singspiel) sponsored the work. A pet project of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II, the company was specifically established to perform works in the German language. Mozart was decidedly excited about the project, and started to articulate his views in a letter to his father dated 13 October 1781. "I would say that in an opera the poetry must be altogether the obedient daughter of the music. Why are Italian comic operas popular everywhere – in spite of the miserable libretti? Because the music reigns supreme, and when one listens to it all else is forgotten. An opera is sure of success when the plot is well worked out, the words written solely for the music and not shoved in here and there to suit some miserable rhyme. The best thing of all is when a good composer, who understands the stage and is talented enough to make sound suggestions, meets an able poet; in that case, no fears need be entertained as to the applause – even of the ignorant."
Significantly, Mozart took a heightened interest in shaping the libretto, insisting that Gottlieb Stephanie makes changes for dramatic and musical effect. Mozart writes, "Everyone abuses Stephanie. It may be the case he is only friendly to my face. But after all he is preparing the libretto for me – and, what is more, exactly as I want it – and by Heaven, I don't ask anything more of him." The work was eventually finished in the summer of 1782, and premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna. The Emperor was in the audience and famously said, "Too many notes my dear Mozart. Just cut a few and it will be perfect." The Emperor's establishment of the Nationalsingspiel had two primary objectives; to improve the standard of living of the lower classes and to create a strong, unified German nation. In the end, the project was considered a failure, but Mozart's Abduction nevertheless offers a worthy introduction to the 18th-century fascination with Turkish culture combined with the subtleties and conventions of the German Singspiel. And as always, there is Mozart's glorious music!
Die Entführung aus dem Serail will be performed at the Festival d'Aix en Provence in July 2015.
Franz Schubert and His Circle of Friends Schubert's friendship with Anselm Hüttenbrenner, Eduard von Bauernfeld and Josef Kenner
William Henry Fry's Santa Claus: Christmas Symphony Enter Fry's artistic vision of what could happen on a holiday
Beethoven's High Priestess of Music
Dorothea Ertmann "Baroness Ertmann was the most excellent player of Beethoven's works"
9 Stories From Around the World Prove That Music Will Always Find a Way


There are many places to visit for the day on the Mid Cheshire Line without changing the train.
You can enjoy a good day out at a very reasonable ticket price, particularly if you start after 09:00 and buy an Off-Peak Day Return ticket or a DUO.
You can look up the fares and times from your own station's page of this website.


text:
HomeGovernance10 lakh voters deleted from rolls for Bengaluru
10 lakh voters deleted from rolls for Bengaluru
November 8, 2012 Padmalatha Ravi
A PIL, questioning the deletion of lakhs of entries from the current voter rolls has come up for hearing at the Karnataka High Court. The court heard the case on November 6th.
The PIL has been filed by Commander P G Bhat of Daksh, a Bangalore based organisation working towards accountability in politics and governance, Ashwin Mahesh of Loksatta party and Smart Vote, a campaign that encourages people to vote. The petitioners have named the Election Commission of India (ECI) and the Chief Electoral officer (CEO), Karnataka as their main respondents, along with four other Electoral officers from Bangalore zone. It was filed on 18th September, 2012.
Citizen casting his vote. Pic: Sankar C G
The petition has documented a long list of blunders. The biggest of them is that entries of 10 lakh voters (one million) have been deleted for the Bengaluru region. These voters, the petitioners say, have been deleted mostly because they moved residences or did not have Electoral Photo ID cards (EPIC cards).
The petitioners say that the electoral roll published on 26th January 2012 and then revised again in the period starting 16th April 2012 is not complete and is full of problems. The electoral rolls were published for 197 constituencies across Karnataka. Out of these, the petitioners studied the rolls for 27 constituencies of Bangalore city and found mistakes galore. A software designed specifically for the purpose of analysing the electoral rolls was used to detect the errors.
Petitioners claim that when the special revision took place, starting 16th April, 2012, EC was to go door to door and collect the information, which did not happen. Petitioners also claim that the large number of apartments that have come up in the city have not been included in the door to door enumeration campaign, leaving out thousands of voters.
Did 10 lakh voters really shift residences?
Petitioners say that a basic enquiry yielded that several voters, from the roll were in fact still living in the same addresses, as the ones they had registered. They say that these names were most likely deleted because these residents did not have EPIC cards. Although the ECI has directed the CEO, Karnataka and other electoral officers to ensure that all registered voters get EPIC cards, this has not been done.
Petitioners suspect that these names may have been deleted to comply with the ECI's rule that says that all voters should have a photo ID card. Petitioners say, that enmasse deletion, will force the voters to re-register, giving another opportunity to the ECI to comply with the rules. It is however not clear if ECI, did infact issue a directive, to remove the names of those who did not have EPIC cards.
The petition also notes that nearly 86% of the deleted voters were not issued unique voter identification numbers, the reason given for deletions,however, was that all these voters had shifted residence. The petitioners argue that it is 'highly unlikely that all of them did indeed shift or change their residence.'
Other issues in the electoral roll
The rolls also have several people with same voter ID numbers. Around 2,000 voter names are repeated, several names have been misspelt, addresses are wrong, incorrect relationships and gender have been assigned to the names in several instances.
While the legal age for voting is 18, there are more than 2,000 voters who are yet to be born, if you go by the rolls. Their age has been specified as 'zero.' More than 1,000 voters are between the age 1-17 years and some are even older than 190 years.
Difference between BBMP and state electoral rolls
During the BBMP elections in 2010, there were 69 lakh voters registered in Bangalore but in the current state electoral rolls there are only 57 lakh voters. However the population of the city has been growing at a rate of 3.25% per annum, so ideally the number of voters should have gone up.
Petition also says that though ECI had directed CEOs of all states to standardise electoral database, back in January 2010, so far this has not been done.
Offer to cleanup rejected
P G Bhat who is one of the petitioners says he has designed a software that can 'cleanup' the electoral rolls, within minutes of entering relevant data. He says he had written to CEO, Karnataka offering to clean up the electoral rolls, but only got a non-committal 'we will look into it.' Bhat is a software professional and educationist.
Once the PIL was filed on 18th September, there were two emails from the CEO's office saying that this (viz. using of software to clean up the electoral rolls) cannot be done.
P G Bhat says the software, his or any other similar one, can be used to effectively identify the errors in a shorter period, hence speeding up the process.
The PIL, requests the Court to direct the ECI to do an 'intensive revision of the electoral rolls' within three months from the date of commencement.
As noted at the beginning, the High Court heard the PIL on November 6th. It has directed election authorities to respond.⊕
bangalore journal
GENRE: In Focus
karnataka assembly elections
voter rolls
About Padmalatha Ravi	41 Articles
Padmalatha Ravi is an independent journalist and filmmaker.
Can skywalks be made convenient and safe?
How your apartment complex can be a waste-free zone
Six reasons why Bengaluru's voter roll lacks quality
January 20, 2015 Akshatha M
While some errors in Bangalore's voter rolls are due to technical issues, some errors are completely avoidable. Understand why the errors creep in, and do your bit in reducing them.
No sunlight? You can still grow plants!
August 22, 2011 Pratima Rao
Money plant is not the only plant that you can grow in shade. Lettuce and spinach grow too.
BBMP cancels its own violating building plan sanctions
December 12, 2012 Navya P K
This time around, the judiciary is in no mood to allow Bengaluru's city government to hoodwink its verdict on breakdown of zoning. A citizens' group has been relentless to the hilt.
U. VISHWANATH RAO says:
Similar is the experience when an attempt was made to enroll names of Graduates in the Graduate Constituency. Dr Ashwin Mahesh had volunteered to assist graduates living around Bangalore to enroll their names as early as Nov/Dec 2011. However, in spite of providing certified copies of degree Certificates, and also regular follow up by activists, the necessary action was not taken. So many Graduate citizens staying in Bangalore for the past so many years could not vote this year leave alone that the whereabouts of their applications are yet to be ascertained.
PG Bhat says:
"… software that can 'cleanup' the electoral rolls, within minutes of entering relevant data" – No. Only simple format changes can be done in minutes. Software can spot or suggest possible errors. Authorities have to verify and correct the errors.
– PG Bhat
captainjohann Samuhanand says:
There is a nexus between the photo card ID makers and the revenue officials in BBMP which is corruption ridden and there is no check on them as every corporator is in connivance with these corrupt babus.No punishment for removing 10 lakh names without proper procedure.It should be madated that before removing every time a list should be published in the local papers or a letter sent to the address as mentioned in the EPIC


The Board of Directors of the African Development Group has approved US $125 million in funding for the first phase of a drought resilience project and provision of long-lasting means of subsistence to populations in the Horn of Africa.
Three countries, Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya, as well as the Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development are involved in the first phase of this regional project funded by way of loans and grants provided by the African Development Fund (ADF) beginning in 2013.
The African Development Fund grants amount to US $15 million for Djibouti, and US $7 million for the IGAD Secretariat. The ADF loans of US $46 million and US $56 million to Ethiopia and Kenya, respectively, will go to support activities aimed at restoring the means of subsistence of the populations through investments in natural resources management, land management, restoration and protection of the ecosystem, as well as agriculture and livestock infrastructure.
The project will equally contribute to the improvement of storage, marketing and transportation facilities, including the upgrade of rural roads. The objective is to focus on the deeper causes of the region's vulnerability in order to build resilience in the face of medium- and long-term drought periods, consolidate peace and promote the equitable use of limited natural resources.
Certain drought-prone regions are concerned by the project, namely: Beyya Dader, Gaggade-Derela and Weimar in Djibouti; Afar and Somali in Ethiopia; and Baringo, Isiolo, Marsabit, Samburu, Turkana and West Pokot – six arid and semi-arid regions in Kenya. According to estimates, the project will benefit 12 million people, 98 million cattle, and 173 million sheep and goats that are victims to drought.
The implementation of the inclusive green program will have a deep-rooted environmental and socio-economic impact in these regions.