text:
// Require packages.
import * as util from 'util';
import * as mockconsole from 'mockconsole';
import * as wildemitter from 'wildemitter';

import { ILakeNiceClient } from '../../../../lakenicejs/base/lakenice-client';

/**
* RealTime handler interface.
*/
export interface IHRealTime {

	/**
     * Handle the action.
	 *
	 * @param {Object}   argOptions  A collection of argument options.
    */
	handleAction(argOptions?: any): void;

	/**
	 * Assign the request options for the specified unique id.
	 *
	 * @param {string} uniqueID The unique id.
	 * @param {Object} requestData The request data.
	 *
	 * @return {Object}	The request options, either or the 'params' and 'data'.
	 *
	 * @example
     *  returned data = {
	 *		// 'params' are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
	 *		// Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
	 *		params: { ID: 12345 },
	 *
	 *		// 'data' is the data to be sent as the request body.
	 *		data: { ID: 'Unique' },
	 *	}
	 */
	assignRequestOptions(uniqueID: string, requestData?: any): any;
}

/**
 * RealTime handler implementation.
 */
export class HRealTime implements IHRealTime {

	// global
	config: any;
	logger: any;
	parent: any;

	/**
     * RealTime handler implementation.
     *
	 * @param {ILakeNiceClient}		lakeNiceClient			Lake Nice client interface.
     * @param {Object}				realTimeHandlerOptions	A collection of options.
     *
     * @example
     *  options = {
	 *		debug: true
     *  }
     */
	constructor(public lakeNiceClient: ILakeNiceClient, public realTimeHandlerOptions: any) {

		// local.
		let self = this;
		let parent = realTimeHandlerOptions.parent;
		let item;

		let options = realTimeHandlerOptions || {};
		let config = this.config = {
			debug: false
		};

		// Assign global.
		this.parent = parent;
		this.logger = parent.logger;

		// set our config from options
		for (item in options) {
			if (options.hasOwnProperty(item)) {
				this.config[item] = options[item];
			}
		}

		// Call WildEmitter constructor.
		wildemitter.mixin(HRealTime);
	}

	/**
     * Handle the action.
	 *
	 * @param {Object}   argOptions  A collection of argument options.
    */
	handleAction(argOptions?: any): void {

		// Get the unique ID of the action.
		let id: string = argOptions.uniqueID.toString();
		let ids: string[] = id.split('.');
		let requestMethod = ids[2];

		// Select the request method.
		switch (requestMethod) {
			default: {
				this.handleDefaultAction(argOptions);
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Assign the request options for the specified unique id.
	 *
	 * @param {string} uniqueID The unique id.
	 * @param {Object} requestData The request data.
	 *
	 * @return {Object}	The request options, either or the 'params' and 'data'.
	 *
	 * @example
     *  returned data = {
	 *		// 'params' are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
	 *		// Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
	 *		params: { ID: 12345 },
	 *
	 *		// 'data' is the data to be sent as the request body.
	 *		data: { ID: 'Unique' },
	 *	}
	 */
	assignRequestOptions(uniqueID: string, requestData?: any): any {

		// If no request data.
		if (requestData === null) {

			// nothing to set.
			let options = {
				params: {},
				data: {}
			};

			// return options.
			return options;
		}
		else {
			// Get the unique ID of the action.
			let id: string = uniqueID.toString();
			let ids: string[] = id.split('.');
			let requestMethod = ids[2];

			// nothing to set.
			let options = {
				params: {},
				data: {}
			};

			// Select the request method.
			switch (requestMethod) {
				case "stateAllAgentsAsync": {
					options.params = requestData;
					return options;
				}
				case "stateAgentAsync": {
					options.params = requestData;
					return options;
				}
				case "activeContactsAsync": {
					options.params = requestData;
					return options;
				}
				case "parkedContactsAsync": {
					options.params = requestData;
					return options;
				}
				case "activeContactStatesAsync": {
					options.params = requestData;
					return options;
				}
				case "activityAllSkillsAsync": {
					options.params = requestData;
					return options;
				}
				case "activitySkillAsync": {
					options.params = requestData;
					return options;
				}
				default: {
					// return options.
					return options;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
     * Handle the default action.
	 *
	 * @param {Object}   argOptions  A collection of argument options.
    */
	handleDefaultAction(argOptions?: any): void {

		let localParent = this.parent;

		// If type is not general.
		if (argOptions.type !== 'general') {

			// If type is response.
			if (argOptions.type === 'response') {

				// send the event.
				localParent.emit('responseDataHandler', argOptions.uniqueID, argOptions);
			}

			// If type is request.
			if (argOptions.type === 'request') {

				// send the event.
				localParent.emit('requestDataHandler', argOptions.uniqueID, argOptions);
			}
		}
		else {

			// Is general.
			// send the event.
			localParent.emit('generalDataHandler', argOptions.uniqueID, argOptions);
		}
	}
}


text:
Hot Property: Charlestown townhouse shines
464 Medford St Unit B, Boston, MA
By Miriam Schwartz |
PUBLISHED: June 17, 2021 at 6:46 p.m. | UPDATED: June 17, 2021 at 7:05 p.m.
Is the townhouse the unsung hero of Boston real estate? For buyers looking for single-family-like square footage with less hassle, a townhouse delivers on both.
Taking up a prime location in Charlestown, 464 Medford St. was built in 2007 and Unit B is an immaculate townhouse condo with all the modern fixings, gobs of space, a deck, and — wait for it — garage parking. Not only that, but the townhouse delivers all of this in close proximity to historic Bunker Hill, Charleston eateries, and a hop and a skip to Boston and I-93.
The walkup unit could easily compete with any Charlestown condo and single-family, boasting 1,550 square feet across two floors. What does this mean practically? The townhouse enjoys an open floor plan on the first level while the upper level houses two generous bedrooms. And nothing feels crammed in.
In the living room, a gas fireplace flanked by a pair of windows in the living room and a three-window bank mean an abundance of natural light. Glass sliders to the townhome's private deck illuminate the dining area and the modern kitchen. The latter has storage galore, an eat-in island and stainless steel appliances. And, while it may seem insignificant, the half-bath here makes a difference — who likes to climb up a flight of stairs?
An oversized primary bedroom with tall ceilings — another rarity in Charlestown — can easily accommodate a home office or reading nook. A guest bedroom with a sizable walk-in closet, another full bath, and laundry room finish out the second level.
Open house hours are noon to 1 p.m. Friday and noon to 1:30 p.m. Saturday. The sale of the townhouse, on the market for $1,025,000, is represented by Tia Zaferakis with Jack Conway Cityside, 617-699-6268.
Miriam Schwartz

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Open Letter to UN General Secretary - Yemen
News Campaigns Projects Resources
Join IFJ
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of Journalists
About IFJ
Rules and Policy
Working Programme
Global Charter of Ethics for Journalists
Policy on Sexual Harassment
IFJ Head Office
IFJ World Congress 2022
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IFJ Africa
Federation of African Journalists (FAJ)
IFJ Asia & Pacific
IFJ Europe
About EFJ
IFJ Latin America
The Federation of Journalists of Latin America and the Caribbean (FEPALC)
IFJ Middle East & Arab world
Medmedia web portal
IFJ Campaigns
ILO Convention 190 - It can save lives
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End Impunity - for a UN Convention to protect journalists
Women in Front
Byte Back
Social Justice Campaigns
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Press card
Safety Fund
The IFJ Middle East and Arab World office supports 20 affiliated unions and associations in the region.
To defend and advance journalists' social and professional rights, it has established a close cooperation with key regional organizations, in particular with the Federation of Arab Journalists (FAJ).
In the decade up to 2017 more journalists lost their lives in this region than in any other in the world, making it the most dangerous for professional journalists. This put vocational safety and the fight against impunity at the top of the IFJ's working programme in the region, resulting in a long-term regional campaign and a wide-ranging training programme to promote a culture of safety in the media. The IFJ and its affiliates in the region continue to fight the battle for the right of journalists in the region to operate in a safe environment.
Press freedom and editorial independence are equally important issues. In this context, the IFJ spearheads a large coalition including member unions, media, national human rights institutions and civil society groups and regional and international organizations, to accelerate the pace of media reform and foster independent and quality journalism, through the adoption by countries in the region of the Declaration of Media Freedom in the Arab World.
The IFJ's working programme in the region covers six key areas:
Solidarity during conflicts
Trade union building and development
Gender equality in the media and in trade unions
Media ethics and self-regulation
Reform of public service media
Sudan: Authorities revoke Al Jazeera Mubasher's licence
Tunisie: une vingtaine de journalistes agressés en marge d'une manifestation
Yemen: Journalist Hala Badawi arrested over social media posts
Tunisie : la liberté de la presse est attaquée
End Impunity - for a UN Convention on the Protection of Journalists!
In the last 5 years hundreds of journalists have been killed. Nine in 10 cases remain unpunished. Impunity reigns. Journalists are imprisoned attacked, beaten, detained and threatened on a daily basis.
This – and a growing frustration with a lack of action to tackle impunity - has driven the IFJ to campaign for an United Nations Convention dedicated to the protection of journalists and media professionals.
Safety of Journalists in Middle East and Arab World
This project will develop a culture of safety for journalists, unions and employers in the region. It aims to build a core network of skilled and resourced safety trainers ready to be deployed whenever a security situation deteriorates
Journalists & media staff killed list in 2018
IFJ's letter to the UN Special Envoy in Yemen
Safety of Journalists - Model Course
World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development UNESCO
Monir Zaarour
Middle East and Arab World
Policy and Programme Director
monir.zaarour@ifj.org
Nadir Senhadji
Project Assistant Middle East and Arab World
nadir.senhadji@ifj.org
IFJ Regions
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The International Federation of Journalists is the global voice of journalists.
Founded in 1926, it is the world's largest organisation of journalists, representing 600,000 media professionals in 187 unions and associations in more than 140 countries.
Subscribe to IFJ News
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More info'sOK


Micro Fiber Dust Mop fits a standard, dust mop frame and handle. Poly/canvas-backed microfiber mops attract and hold dust that cotton mops leave behind. Envelope-style backing eliminates problems created by ties or snaps. Extra padding in mop allows complete surface contact. The mop attracts dust electrostatically and requires no treatment. 100 percent microfiber fringe picks up larger particles of dust and trash.
Small mophead with a narrow headband is ideal for general cleaning and disinfecting. Synthetic blend fibers (rayon and cotton) absorb six to seven times its weight. Mop offers a limited break-in period so you can start mopping sooner. Looped ends provide greater durability and launderability.
Super Stitch Blend Mop with 5" headband outperforms and outlasts premium cut-end mops two to one. Balanced blend of four-ply cotton and synthetic yarns provides high absorbency and strength. Synthetic mesh headband prohibits moisture-retention for longer product life. Looped ends and yarn tailband mop deliver greater floor coverage. The looped end provides the ultimate durability and like-new launderability. Mophead should be used with clamp-style handles (sold separately).
Power pad scours up to four times faster than conventional scouring products. It offers scouring power for the toughest cleaning jobs yet is gentle enough to use on most surfaces, including stainless steel. Scouring pad is six to 10 times less abrasive than other conventional scouring pads. Durable synthetic fibers are crimped and heat-set to create a strong web. Unique soil-removing particles are evenly distributed throughout the pad to ensure effective, consistent scouring, and lasting performance throughout the life of the pad. High-quality bonding resin system is designed to provide resistance to degradation from exposure to hot water, detergents and normal cleaning liquids.
Layflat Screw-Type Cut-End Nylon Finish Master Mop Head - Nylon Special Features of Layflat Floating head efficiency -- with Layflat screw type mops, the handle can be partially unscrewed from the mop head. This allows the head to be free floating as opposed to the rigid, heavy handled, conventional systems. Cleaning professionals readily appreciate the ease with which these heads float across the surface. Clean and quick, the Layflat screw-type mop is a contamination fighter. The step-on method is four times faster than changing conventional mop/handles. There is no need to ever touch the contaminated head with your hands. Quality yarns -- Layflat screw-type mop heads are available in graduated sizes and four different yarn types. All Layflat brand yarns are Grade 1, specifically produced to stringent standards. our uniformity of quality allows for specific standards to be written around our products. This assures your continued equity in our products. Sized by the ounce, Layflat brand screw-type mops are guaranteed to within 1/2 ounce. As compared to the typical numbered conventional mop, we supply 20 percent more absorbency and 20 percent more efficient labor. No-tangle option -- feature a sewn band across the bottom of the mop. Provides for greater control with less tangling, longer life an loose strings. This feature is a must for machine washing.


The Priory Theatre club was formed in 1946 by Miss Ria Thompson and the first plays were performed in Holy Saviour's Parish Hall and is a registered charity (Number 1071165).
After many successful and happy years it was possible for the club to find a more permanent home and The Wesleyan Chapel in Percy Street was purchased in 1972.
Visitors describe the theatre as "a little jewel" and over the years we have undertaken building work and refurbishment to ensure the comfort of our patrons and good facilities for our members.
We run regular club nights when members put on play-readings, mini-play performances, quiz nights and the like.
Coffee is served every Saturday morning in the Green Room when members meet to chat, hear the latest news, win prizes, talk to officers, plan social activities.
There are meals out at Christmas, trips to other theatres……..
Play-readings happen regularly, for example before formal auditions.
There is a regular newsletter "Curtain Up".
Work and play: members socialise while they help out with productions and many friendships develop while selling programmes, helping with props or during rehearsals.
There are parties after productions, and in between with the friends you make.
Getting involved in the Theatre can be a great new focus in your life if you have become jaded at work or you need a new challenge.
Everything within the theatre, whether associated with productions or not, is done by the members. The range of backstage activities and jobs is endless.
We have hire out scenery cloths and furniture.


Then after rounding Crow Point I began paddling to the NW against a building breeze from that same direction. After a brief respite behind Peddock's Island I got my first good look at the Boston skyline (opening photo).
Spectacle Island is one of Boston Harbor's best success stories. It has gone from being, quite literally, a dump to being a beautiful and scenic island with boat slips, a visitor center, and well maintained hiking trails. By virtue of my early arrival there were only two Dept. of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) staff members on the island and therefore I had things pretty much to myself for a good hour until the first ferry arrived.
They're actually sludge digesters at the Deer Island Wastewater Treatment Plant which is the facility most responsible for today's much cleaner Boston Harbor waters.
Your posts are always so interesting and informative. I paddle the same metrowest rivers as you do. I would love to get into the salt water sometime. Thanks and keep paddling and posting!
Thanks Karen, The protected waters of Hingham Harbor provide an ideal spot for anyone wishing to try some saltwater paddling.
I have an Old Town Dirigo 106. Wouldn't I need a sea kayak or at least something longer? Someone recently recommended I try the Newburyport area.
Karen, Yes, a sea kayak would be best for anything beyond a sheltered cove.
There are several companies offering guided saltwater kayaking experiences in rental boats.
Wow - great trip and great pictures - as always.
I visited Spectacle Island two weeks ago, they had a 5k running race there as a fundraiser. The entry fee included a ferry ride. I was shocked at how idyllic the island is with the vegetation having taken hold. For a relatively small island there's some very nice and mellow hiking trails. The view of planes landing from the north drumlin is fantastic. While looking for beach glass I came across the jawbone of a horse which has to be at least a century old as the rendering plant closed in 1910.


If you're looking for a short break in paradise from the chaos that is Hanoi, look no further than Cat Ba island. Getting from Hanoi to Cat Ba is one simple booking away and you can spend your time relaxing on the beaches with a cold beer, hiking through the Cat Ba national park, or kayaking among the hundreds of islands that make up the Cat Ba Archipelago to name a just few things. With the same rugged beauty as Halong Bay but with far fewer tourists, Cat Ba is a must visit for anybody in northern Vietnam.
Cat Ba island is the largest of 367 islands that make up the Cat Ba Archipelago. It is the south-eastern part of Lan Ha Bay and the island belongs to the Haiphong province. Approximately half the island is covered by a national park which is home to the endangered Cat Ba Langur. The island is home to a variety of natural habitats which include limestone karsts, tropical limestone forests, coral reefs, mangroves, lagoons, beaches, and willow swamp forests. These habitats allow for a high rate of biodiversity on the island.
The name Cat Ba (or Cát Bà to include the correct Vietnamese inflections) means 'Women's Island'. The legend attached to the name is that several centuries ago 3 women of the Tran Dynasty were killed, their bodies floated all the way to the island and washed up on 3 different beaches to be found by local fishermen. The islanders built temples to each of the women and the island became known as Cat Ba.
There are many different ways to get from Hanoi to Cat Ba island. We opted for the simplest option which involves catching a bus in Hanoi, travelling through Haiphong and over the longest sea bridge in Southeast Asia, catching a ferry from Cat Hai island, and then getting taken in a second bus to Cat Ba town. All of it was organised by one company so there was no way we could miss a bus or ferry and all the planning was done for us. We could also book a return trip with them and we ended up using their Lan Ha-Halong Bay day tour, so we finished the tour at exactly the right time to catch our return bus. We used Cat Ba Express which is a fantastic company and we would highly recommend using them. The whole trip, 2 return tickets, cost us VND 1,280,000.
We caught a 4am train from our little town of Phu Ly to get to Hanoi in time for the 7:45am bus to Cat Ba. Getting to the island took about 4 hours and we had a knowledgeable guide, Tinh, explaining things and telling us stories as we went. Our ticket included a hotel drop-off. Coming back from Cat Ba to Hanoi we left at around 15:30. We needed to get back to the Hanoi railway station and our guide seemed to imply that the drop-off would be okay. When we got to Hanoi though we were informed that actually we would be dropped off 'nearby' because it was too far away for the bus to go, despite the station being on the edge of the old quarter. When we got dropped off we were told it would be a 5 minute walk and were pointed down a road. Luckily for Google maps because it turns out our guide had pointed us in completely the opposite direction and it was in fact a 30 minute walk… It would have been shorter if they had just let us off at the Cat Ba Express offices.
On a side note, the public transport in Vietnam seems to be extremely efficient and simple to use. We always wonder how easy it will be to book tickets when we are visiting a new place but there are 2 websites baolau.com and 12go.asia, which allow you to make all your bookings for buses, trains, ferries and flights in English. There is a small processing fee that comes with booking online but it is well worth it for the convenience.
We had arrived a little too early to check in to our hotel so we dropped off our bags at reception and headed out in search of some lunch and a massage. Both of which we were spoilt for choice but we settled on the Cat Ba Seaview Hotel for a massage. We had to wait for a little while as a couple before us were finishing up but there were luxurious couches for us to relax on. We had a 1 hour, full body massage for VND 200,000 each (that is just under $10!) and it was incredible. We do believe that tipping for a service like that is necessary so we added and extra VND 200,000, which was highly appreciated by our masseuse.
After our massage we found a little street kebab banh mi just outside the hotel and enjoyed our lunch while looking over the Cat Ba town harbour.
You can't visit an island and not spend some time lying on a beach or floating around the water. We were quite shattered after our early start and long trip so we decided to head to the closest beach to Cat Ba town. We had seen signs to 'Bad Dog Beach Club' and thought that would be a good place to start.
It took about 20 minutes to walk from the centre of Cat Ba town to Tung Thu beach. There were only about 10 people spread across the whole beach when we arrived. The sand was soft and flat and the water was incredibly smooth. We spent most of the afternoon either sleeping on our towels or paddling around in the warm water. As the afternoon wore on we moved up into the trees and found some deck chairs and laid back with some cold beers while we took in the incredible view. By then more people had arrived and the ocean was getting busier, so it was a good time to move. It's absolutely stunning out there and we couldn't have found a better place to spend a relaxing afternoon.
One serious downside is the plastic pollution. It was horrible to see so much floating around and it highlights the need to do everything we can to reduce what we use and clean up what is already there. There were several people doing their best to clean up what was around, we threw in some rubbish that we had managed to fish out, but every day there will be more.
Let's try clean up our planet!
Having been on the road for a while now we are at peace with not eating local every day and sometimes you just need some comfort food. When the sunlight started to fade and the mosquitoes came out hunting we decided it was time to find some dinner. Almost every building on the main road is a restaurant so it came down to looking at what was on the menu. The Marigold restaurant offered an amazing set menu with a fresh salad, fried pumpkin sticks, fried squid, pork loin, mashed potatoes, and dessert, as well as an 8th floor viewing deck where we could eat. It was too good to pass up!
We spent the evening sipping alcoholic slushies, eating incredible food, and enjoying the amazing view over the harbour. As the evening set in, lights across the harbour turned the water into a shimmering wonderland. We were glad we had arrived when we had because the restaurant started to fill up around 8pm and the restaurant was woefully short on staff. Our dessert was forgotten about until we inquired about it, we had ordered coffee and only one ever came despite reminding the staff 2 more times (we were billed for both), and we saw the exact drink we ordered get delivered to the table next to us 20 minutes after reminding them we needed ours. This did leave a little cloud over an otherwise perfect evening but sometimes that happens! We eventually were too tired to argue and set off back to our hotel.
If you haven't stayed in a hotel in Vietnam before be aware that they will want to keep your passport, I assume as a deposit, even if you've paid for the room in full. If you put up a bit of resistance they will generally let you keep your passport. Neither Monique nor I like to part with our passports as those are incredibly difficult to replace on the road!
08:00 – Cruise to Cái Béo fishing village, the largest traditional fishing village in north Vietnam. After the fishing village the boat reaches the heart of Lan Ha Bay where you cruise through the beautiful limestone karsts and the emerald green water.
09:30 – Stop at the Di San Floating House to visit a local fishing family and see their fish farm. See the family's lucky grouper, that is about 13 years old and weighs around 100kg, called 'Happy fish'. Every fishing family keeps a grouper for around 20-30 years for luck with their fishing.
10:00 – Anchor just off Ba Trái Đào beach to enjoy some swimming and have a chance to explore the small beach.
11:30 – Lunch is served with a variety of western and traditional Vietnamese dishes and seafood (We had 6 people at our table and we only finished about half the food we were served!).
12:30 – Kayaking to Ba Hầm Lake in Ha Long Bay. Explore the natural wonders by kayaking through caves into a hidden lagoon (We were the only tour group in this area and it was out of this world). This part of the tour is tide dependent.
14:00 – Cruise back to the harbour and enjoy the magnificent view of Lan Ha Bay for one last time.
15:00 – Back to the bus and then back home to Hanoi.
What's included – The bus and boat rides, lunch, entrance fees, and kayaking. You have to pay for any extra drinks you have and it is a good idea to give a tip.
What to bring – Swimming clothes, sunscreen, a hat, and a waterproof camera.
There is never enough time to do and see everything when you're travelling. This trip in particular meant we had to be very picky in what we chose to do on Cat Ba island. I think we made the right choice but here is what we missed.
Canon fort is said to offer one of the best views in Vietnam. With a panoramic view over the limestone mountains, forests, and surrounding ocean. The tunnels and guns were first installed by the Japanese but were later used by the French and Vietnamese in later conflicts. There is a small museum where you can read up on the history of the fort.
The Cat Ba national park is home to the last 65 Langur monkeys, the most endangered mammal on the planet. There are numerous hiking trails in the park with the longest being 18km and it is recommended that you take a guide. If we visit Cat Ba again we will make a plan to find accommodation in the park so we can try out some of the hiking trails.
The hospital cave served as a bomb-proof hospital during the American war and a safe house for Vietcong leaders. The hospital was built between 1963 and 1965 with the assistance of the Chinese. It's 3 stories high and is apparently quite a feat of engineering. It can be found about 10km out of Cat Ba town on the road to the entrance of the Cat Ba National Park.
With our new work schedules at APAX we don't have a full 2 day weekend anymore. We were lucky enough to get a Sunday off with Hung King Day and we knew we wanted to have a good adventure. We only really had 1 night so we looked for the best options from Hanoi to Cat Ba. If you are short on time and in, or around, Hanoi I would highly recommend looking into this. We were quite tired as we had 3 late nights and 2 very early mornings but it was well worth it! Hopefully we will get a chance to go back to Cat Ba one day but there is a lot more still to explore in Vietnam.


If you've been running your product based business for a few years you have some awesome experience under your belt. Chances are, though, you still have some questions or areas of your business that you'd like to improve. This package gives you the opportunity to focus on the two areas of your business that you are struggling with most. Choose two of the modules from the Platinum Package for your seasoned small business strategy sessions.


text:
The Causeway Hall
Chiddingstone Causeway Arts and Social Centre
Hall Availability & Booking
Hire Fees
Welcome to The Causeway Hall
The Hall is available to hire for parties, events, weddings and group classes. For further information and any enquiries please contact us.
We have a variety of events throughout the year and have regular classes, WI, table tennis, exercise, yoga, pilates and dog training currently running in the hall. Further information of all the classes available can be found on our events page and calendar.
Set in the delightful location of Chiddingstone Causeway, our new hall is a perfect venue for parties and events large and small, with wonderful facilities for groups and classes. Serving the local community and far beyond with events, exhibitions and a wide range clubs and activities for all. Take a look at our Facebook page and keep up to date with all our forthcoming events, and the facilities we offer.
Forthcoming Events To view details of forthcoming events, click on the event name. For further information and to keep up to date with all our events please take a look at our Facebook page, The Causeway Hall. &nbsp;</p>
 <p>&nbsp;</p>
 <p>
Read more Events
The Causeway Hall is available to hire for all types of events, both one-off and recurring. If you would like to hire the hall please see hall availability and booking. Fees for hiring the hall can be found here. There is currently no wifi in the hall, (however it may be possible to gain access,…
Read more Hire
Saturday 28th April, 7.30-11.00pm. Come along for a fantastic night out at The Causeway Hall and help raise money for a great cause. Destiny of a Child is an organisation that would like to raise £200,000 for the UK charity, Dogs for Good – a charity that trains dogs to become vital companions for children with autism and other disabilities. Please help support the wonderful work of this charity and have a great night out. Tickets £25 to include delicious buffet and dancing the night away to a live band, playing funk, soul and rock & roll. For further information www.destinyofachild.com.
For tickets email toniyardley@mac.com ... See more
Photos from The Causeway Hall's post
..can I say a HUGE thank you to everyone ( 102 of you !! ) who came to the opening night of The Causeway Blues & Jazz Club last Friday in Chiddingstone Causeway, your support is so gratefully appreciated :-) :-) both bands were excellent, Chloe Marriott charmed the crowd with her mesmerising voice and guitar playing, and then our headline act Krissy Matthews almost took the roof off with a 90-minute set of pure guitar blues-rock aggression ( see photos below courtesy of Russell Harper Photography )....many thanks to so many people behind the scenes but particular thanks to James & Paul from Silver Pines PA in Sevenoaks for their faultless PA & lighting on the evening which was the icing on the cake.......next up The Oxley / Meier Project , two of the World's best guitarists on the same bill in combination with an incredible rhythm section....tickets available from BookitBee link below....PLEASE E-MAIL Tim on livemusic@causewayhall.co.uk to join the mailing list for up-to-the-minute GIG NEWS, you will get 1st chance to secure tickets for upcoming events......
https://event.bookitbee.com/e/4pf5t ... See more
JUST TO LET EVERYONE KNOW IT'S A CASH BAR ONLY TONIGHT AT THE BLUES & JAZZ CLUB, CHEERS
Causeway Blues & Jazz Club GALA Opening Night Of Blues Music
...limited tickets available on the door tonight ONLY £ 10 see you later :-)
We are very excited to announce The Causeway Hall Blues & Jazz Club, starting on Friday 23rd March 2018 with a fantastic double-header of live music, featuring the incredible Krissy Matthews Band with support from Chloe Marriott.
Krissy Matthews is a blues rock singer-songwriter and guitarist. He had released three albums by the age of 18 His most recent and fifth album, Scenes From a Moving Window, was released by Promise Records in 2015.
Amongst a number of accolades, the young blues guitarist was once described by Hubert Sumlin as "…Oh Boy, this kid can play…
Chloe Marriott is a singer-songwriter from the home of the Thames Delta Blues – Canvey Island
From an early age Chloe has been listening to great musicians - from either side of the Atlantic. Nina Simone, Jimi Hendrix, Muddy Waters, Paul Weller - the music was always playing in the Marriott household thanks to the influence of her father - a second generation Mod and guitarist himself.
Chloe picked up her first guitar at just six years old! Quick to learn she soon progressed from basic chord structures to more complex riffs and licks, citing B.B. King as a big influence in honing own her sound and providing a gateway to the world of Blues guitar. ... See more
« ‹ 4 of 27	› »


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Stephane initially dreamed about becoming a medical doctor, but he ended up pursuing a Bachelor's degree in Computer Science. He also holds a Master of Arts degree in Journalism and Media Studies and a post-graduate diploma in Educational Leadership.
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text:
var http = require('http'),
  _ = require('../underscore_ext');

/**
 * Class responsible for creating a request to the proxied server
 * and then piping the received request foward
 *
 * @param config {Object} Configuration of the proxyied server
 * @param config.host {String} Hostname where the request is being directed to
 * @param config.port {Integer} Port where the host is receiving the request
 * @param request {Http.IncomingMessage} Original request received
 * @param response {Http.OutgoingMessage} Original response object where response wil be piped to
 *
 * @example
 *   var http = require('http');
 *
 *   http.createServer(function(original_request, original_response) {
 *     var request = new Request({
 *       host: 'google.com', port: 80
 *     }, original_request, original_response);
 *
 *     original_request.pipe(request.startRequest());
 *   })
 */
class Request {
  constructor(config, request, response) {
    _.bindAll(this, '_handleResponset');

    this._configure(config);
    this.request = request;
    this.response = response;
  }

  /**
   * Initiate request to proxied server
   *
   * the response Handles pipes the response back to
   * the original response object given
   *
   * @returns Http.ClientRequest
   */
  startRequest() {
    var options = {
      headers:  this.request.headers,
      hostname: this.config.host,
      port:     this.config.port,
      method:   this.request.method,
      path:     this.request.url
    };

    return http.request(options, this._handleResponset);
  }

  /**
   * @private
   */
  _configure(config) {
    this.config = _.extend({
      host: 'localhost',
      port: 80
    }, config);
  }

  /**
   * @private
   */

  _handleResponset(res) {
    this.response.writeHead(res.statusCode, res.headers);
    res.pipe(this.response, {
      end: true
    });
  }
}

module.exports = function(config, request, response) {
  return new Request(config, request, response);
};

module.exports.fn = Request.prototype;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The bag features metal rings and F is Fendi mini round logos that enable to attach Strap You, Mini Strap You and FENDI bag charms to accessorize your bag.
Characterized by a cool attitude with a modern eye on functionality, the Mon Trésor Selleria is the perfect bag for a daily use, also thanks to the multiple pockets on the front and on the sides to carry all essentials. The adjustable and detachable double strap and the drawstring fastening enhance the bag's urban feel.
The minimal and refined color palette of the Mon Trésor Selleria, ranges from the hues of red to blue as well as different shades of beige.
Available in FENDI boutiques worldwide and on fendi.com from December 2018.


You will need a new four way switch for these pickups, the extra position puts the pickups in series.
These pickups are designed to be placed in a specific position, be sure to check this before fitting if you want the authentic Texas Special sound. If unsure then the coil with the highest impedance is for the bridge position and the lowest is for the neck position.


text:
Железная дорога «Brenner» (, ) — железнодорожная линия между Австрией и Италией от Инсбрука до Вероны.

Является частью линии  трансъевропейских транспортных сетей (TEN-T).

История
Железнодорожная линия была создана в Австро-Венгерской империи в середине XIX века для обеспечения быстрого сообщения между Тиролем и Северной Италией. Первый участок дороги  между Вероной и Больцано был утвержден 10 июля 1853 года австрийским инженером-строителем Алоисом Негрелли, сотрудником Südbahn, пионером в строительстве железных дорог и мостов в Австрии. 23 марта 1859 года был открыт путь от Вероны до Тренто и 16 мая 1859 года от Тренто до Больцано. Строительством занималась компания  k.k. Nord- und SüdTiroler Staatsbahn, которая в начале 1859 года была передана компании Südbahn. Участок из Инсбрука в Больцано был 24 августа 1867 года. Главным его конструктором был , который умер в 1865 году. После Земмерингской железной дороги эта линия стала второй горной железной дорогой, построенной в рамках Австро-Венгерской империи, а также первой сквозной линией, которая пересекла Альпы.

25 июля 1867 года первый испытательный поезд прошел по всему маршруту из Инсбрука в Больцано. 17 августа линия была открыта для грузовых перевозок, 24 августа — для пассажирских перевозок. Из-за придворного траура по случаю расстрела мексиканского императора Максимилиана I, младшего брата австрийского императора Франца Иосифа, открытие железной дороги прошло без торжеств. Весь маршрут был спроектирован с двумя путями, но первоначально, из финансовых соображений, был проложен только один путь. Расширение началось уже весной 1868 года, но  окончательно было завершено только в 1908 году.

После Первой мировой войны, когда распалась Австро-Венгерская империя, дорога была разделена между Италией и Австрией (компании Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane и Österreichischen Bundesbahnen соответственно). Между 1928 и 1929 годами две железнодорожные компании обеспечили обширную электрификацию железной дороги «Brenner» с помощью различных электрических тяговых систем. Австрийцы использовали однофазный переменный ток  на участке Инсбрук−Бреннерзее, в то время как итальянцы использовали трехфазный переменный ток  для участка Больцано−Бреннер. Лишь в 1934 году австрийцам было разрешено проложить свои линии от станции  до станции  на итальянской территории, тем самым завершив полный процесс электрификации.

В период с 1941 по 1965 год итальянская часть железнодорожной линии поэтапно была переведена на постоянный ток   Непрерывное движение по железной дороге обеспечивается благодаря двухсистемным локомотивам . С 1990-х годов начались новые инвестиции в железную дорогу «Brenner» со стороны обоих государств, что дало возможность улучшить состояние железнодорожного полотна и туннелей. Летом 2012 года на австрийской стороне была проведена общая реконструкция трассы.

На станции , расположенной на одноимённом перевале на границе между Италией и Австрией, установлен памятник инженеру-конструктору .

См. также
 Бреннерский тоннель

Примечания

Литература
 Helmut K. Mißbach. Eisenbahnen in Tirol. Vorgeschichte – Bahnbau – Betrieb. Motorbuch Verlag, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-87943-640-1, S. 27–55.
 Elisabeth Baumgartner. Eisenbahnlandschaft Alt-Tirol. Verkehrsgeschichte zwischen Kufstein und Ala im Spannungsfeld von Tourismus, Politik und Kultur. Haymon-Verlag, Innsbruck 1990, ISBN 3-85218-065-1.
 Laura Facchinelli. Die Eisenbahn Verona–Brenner. Geschichte einer bedeutenden Verkehrslinie. Athesia, Bozen 1995, ISBN 88-7014-856-4.

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт
 BBT - Brenner Basistunnel
 Die Bahnstrecke Bozen - Verona (Südtiroler Bahn / Etschtalbahn)

Железные дороги Австрии
Железные дороги Италии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Kiwanis Club
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Sanford Tollette is the Executive Director of Joseph Pfeifer Kiwanis Camp in Little Rock, Arkansas. Sanford was born in Hope, Arkansas, and later moved to Little Rock where he attended Little Rock Central High School. He then went on to the University of Arkansas where he received a B.S. in Early Childhood Education. While at the University he served as the first black drum major for the Marching Razorbacks. He taught for 5 years in the Pulaski County and Little Rock School Districts and served one year as Environmental Education Head Instructor for the Little Rock School District before working full time at Pfeifer Kiwanis Camp.
Sanford received the Michael Stratton Outstanding Practitioner's Award from the International Association of Experiential Education and was selected to present the Kurt Hahn Address at the international conference in 2004. Most recently he received the Arkansas Martin Luther King, Jr., Commission Drum Majors Award and the Just Communities of Central Arkansas (JCCA) Father Joseph Biltz Award. He has also received the Human and Civil Rights Citizen Award from the Arkansas Education Association, the Liberty Bell award from the Arkansas Bar Association, the Leadership award from FBI director William Sessions, and was a finalist in the Arkansas Business Award for Executive Director of a Nonprofit Organization. Sanford has served on many coalitions and committees. Sanford is a member of the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, the Downtown Kiwanis Club of Little Rock, the American Camp Association, and the Association of Experiential Education. Currently, he serves on the Child Welfare Agency Licensing Review Board of the Arkansas Department of Human Services and on the Central High Museum Board. Sanford is married and has two sons and two daughters. His hobbies include the harmonica, sports and games, travel, good conversation and working with children.
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text:
Q: A question on relative homology and quotients I have some trouble understanding the map on homology which is induced by a quotient map. If $(X,A)$ is a good pair, and $q:X\to X/A$ is the quotient map, is the induced map $q_*$ then given by the map $H_n(X)\to H_n(X,A)$ in the long exact chain, composed with the isomorphism $H_n(X,A)\cong H_n(X/A)$? If yes, why exactly? If no, then what is the best way to compute the induced map on homology of such a quotient map?
Thank you!

A: You do not have an isomorphism $H_n(X,A) \approx H_n(X/A)$, but an isomorphism  $H_n(X,A) \approx \tilde H_n(X/A)$. See relative homology is the reduced homology of the quotient. This shows that by excision $\tilde{H_n}(X ∪ CA) = H_n(X ∪ CA,CA) = H_n(X ∪ CA − \{p\},CA − \{p\}) = H_n(X,A)$. The answer invokes that the quotient map $X \cup CA \to X \cup CA / CA = X/A$ is a homotopy equivalence for good pairs.
Okay, for $n > 0$ we have $\tilde H_n(Y) = H_n(Y)$, but nevertheless it is conceptually essential that reduced homology gropus are involved. However, we can avoid the use of reduced homology via replacing $\tilde H_n(X/A)$ by the isomorphic group $H_n(X/A,*)$. The above considerations show that for good pairs $q : (X,A) \to (X/A,*)$ induces isomorphisms $q_* : H_n(X,A) \to H_n(X/A,*)$. But clearly the diagram
$\require{AMScd}$
\begin{CD}
H_n(A)  @>{}>> H_n(X)  @>{}>> H_n(X,A) \\
@V{q_*}VV @V{q_*}VV @V{q_*}VV \\
H_n(*)  @>{}>> H_n(X/A) @>{}>> H_n(X/A,*) \end{CD}
commutes. For $n > 0$ the right bottom horizontal arrow is an isomorphism. For $n = 0$ it is an epimorphism with kernel isomorphic to $H_0(*) = \mathbb Z$. This should answer your question.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


DR Congo's national football team have qualified for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations despite losing 2-1 to Equatorial Guinea's Nzalang Nacional in Malabo on Sunday.
The second leg match between Tunisia's Esperance and DR Congo's Mazembe in two weeks in Tunis will be a 50/50 affair. That is the assessment of Esperance coach Nabil Maloul after his side held Mazembe to a goalless draw in the first leg of the Orange CAF Champions League semifinals played in Lubumbashi on Sunday.
DR Congo's TP Mazembe faced a stifling defense from holders Esperance of Tunis in the first leg of their CAF Champions League semifinals on Sunday.


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text:
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Kate Young is a New York-based stylist. Her celebrity clients include Margot Robbie, Dakota Johnson, Selena Gomez, Michelle Williams, Rachel Weisz, Sienna Miller, Nina Dobrev, and Sophie Turner. On the commercial side, she has consulted for Armani Exchange, Tod's, Halston, and Ann Taylor and styled campaigns for Dior, Joie, Guerlain, Carolina Herrera, Theory, CoverGirl, Victoria's Secret, Pantene, and Olay. Formerly she served as the Fashion Editor at Large for Interview. She's also styled editorials for i-D, Numéro Japan, Porter, Glamour, and InStyle. Kate frequently collaborates with photographers such as Cass Bird, Steven Meisel, David Sims, and Annie Leibovitz. She works closely with designers on their shows and collections including Jason Wu, Nina Ricci, Derek Lam, and Rosetta Getty.
Today, Kate is one of the most sought after red carpet stylists, having been named "The Most Powerful Stylist" by The Hollywood Reporter three times and "Stylist of the Year" by InStyle.
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text:
Q: Integrating the product of two Gaussians with different dimensions I'm relatively unfamiliar with sort of integration calculus, so apologies in advance for any notation issues.
Given parameters of some linear-regression model $\mathbf{a}=(a_1,a_2,a_3)$, and observation $x_n$. In my context, $a_1$ is known a priori and may be treated as a constant, so I'm looking to compute the marginal wrt the second two parameters, $(a_2,a_3)$, of the product of two Gaussian distributions. The Gaussians are of different dimensions (the left integrand term wrt the random variable $x_n$, but with mean $\mu$ a function of $\mathbf{a}$, and the right term wrt the random variable $(a_2,a_3)$).
$$
f(x_n)=\int \mathcal{N}_{x_{n}}(\mu(\mathbf{a}),r) \mathcal{N}_{(a_2,a_3)}(\mathbf{m},\Sigma) \; d(a_2,a_3)
$$
Now $\mu(\mathbf{a})=\mathbf{\psi}\cdot(a_1,a_2,a_3)$, where $\psi \in \mathbb{R}^3$ is some vector of constants. Given the values $a_1$, $r$, $\mathbf{m}\in\mathbb{R}^2$, and $\Sigma\in\mathbb{R}^{2\times2}$ are known a priori, is this analytically tractable?
I've tried using the following substitutions, but haven't made much progress.
\begin{align}
    \mathcal{N}_{x_{n}} &\propto \exp \left[ -\frac{1}{2r}(x_{n}-\mathbf{\psi}^T\mathbf{a})^2\right]\\
    \mathcal{N}_{(a_2,a_3)} &\propto \exp \left[-\frac{1}{2(1-\rho^2)}\left(\frac{(a_2-m_{a_2})^2}{\sigma_{a_2}^2} + \frac{(a_3-m_{a_3})^2}{\sigma_{a_3}^2} + \frac{2\rho(a_2-m_{a_2})(a_3-m_{a_3})}{\sigma_{a_2}\sigma_{a_3}}\right)\right]
\end{align}
EDIT: I note that I've checked similar questions, Product of two Gaussian pdf's with different dimensions, but haven't found them very insightful in this particular situation.
EDIT(2): By Jarle Tufto's comment, I've denoted $x_{n}=\psi'\mathbf{a}+\epsilon$, where $\epsilon\sim\mathcal{N}_{x_{n}}(0,r)$, which has thus far yielded:
\begin{align}
    f(x_{n+1}|\mathbf{x_n}) &\propto
    \int \left(\mathbf{\psi}'\mathbf{a} + \epsilon\right)\cdot\mathcal{N}_{(a_2,a_3)}(\mathbf{m},\Sigma) \;  d(a_2,a_3) \\
    &= \int \left( \mathbf{\psi}'\mathbf{a}\cdot \mathcal{N}_{(a_2,a_3)}(\mathbf{m},\Sigma) \;  d(a_2,a_3)\right)  + \epsilon \\
&= \psi_1a_1+\int \left( (\psi_2,\psi_3)'(a_2,a_3)\cdot \mathcal{N}_{(a_2,a_3)}(\mathbf{m},\Sigma) \;  d(a_2,a_3)\right)  + \epsilon \\
&= \psi_1a_1+ (\psi_2,\psi_3)'\mathbb{E}_{\mathcal{N}_{(a_2,a_3)}}[(a_2,a_3)] + \epsilon \\
&= \psi_1a_1+ (\psi_2,\psi_3)'\mathbf{m} + \epsilon \\
\end{align}
Is this correct? I'm a little sceptical, as $\Sigma$ is not included.


text:
<?php

// autoload_psr4.php @generated by Composer

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$baseDir = dirname($vendorDir);

return array(
    'Psr\\Http\\Message\\' => array($vendorDir . '/psr/http-message/src'),
    'MicrosoftAzure\\Storage\\' => array($vendorDir . '/microsoft/azure-storage/src'),
    'GuzzleHttp\\Psr7\\' => array($vendorDir . '/guzzlehttp/psr7/src'),
    'GuzzleHttp\\Promise\\' => array($vendorDir . '/guzzlehttp/promises/src'),
    'GuzzleHttp\\' => array($vendorDir . '/guzzlehttp/guzzle/src'),
);


text:
Edward W. Secrest
Philadelphia Memorial Panel: Panel 27
National Memorial Panel / Row: West 45 / 56
Date of Birth: 26-Aug-1948
Neighborhood: Kensington
High School: Mercy Vocational High School
Street: E. Eyre Street
Branch of Service: Army
Rank: SGT
Date of Casualty: 06-Sep-1968
Province of Casualty: Quang Ngai
The youngest of six sons, all of whom were military veterans, Secrest aspired to be-come a policeman when he got home from Vietnam. The 20-year-old Army sergeant had attended Mercy Technical School where be studied carpentry, before enlisting in the Army. He was sent to Vietnam and became an assistant squad leader in Cornpany E of the 4th Battalion, 3rd Infantry, 11th Infantry Brigade, Arnerical Division. Secrest had decided to forgo leave in Japan in the summer of 1968 so that he could end his tour of duty earlier and be borne by Thanksgiving, but was killed in action on Sept. 6, 1968, near Da Nang Quang Nam Province. He was posthumously awarded the Silver Star. The day his body returned to Philadelphia, Secrest�s parents received a $500 check he had mailed before his death for them to use on a family vacation. Survivors included his parents, five brothers and four sisters. Secrest was one of at least 11 young men from the Fishtown-Kensington-Port Richmond neighborhoods to die or be missing in action in Vietnarn. All are honored on the Cpl. Charles J. Glenn 3rd Memorial in Fishtown, dedicated in 1967 and one of the first memorials to Vietnam veterans in the U.S.


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Home » History » The Battle of Mohi: When the Mongols Invaded Europe
The Battle of Mohi: When the Mongols Invaded Europe
by Kurt Readman October 3, 2022
by Kurt Readman
The Battle of Mohi, also known as the Battle of the Sajo River or the Battle of the Tisza River happened on 11th April 1241. It was a large battle between the Mongol Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. The Mongols had pushed westwards all the way to Europe, bringing fire, sword and destruction.
The Hungarians fled before the Mongols spread the news of the horror that came from the East. However, the Mongols never pushed on. Why was this? And how did the battle occur?
The Mongol Invasion of Europe
The Mongols had planned for their invasion extensively, approaching from the east with no fewer than five armies. Two of these attacked through Poland to prevent any troops from supporting the Hungarians, who were the main targets of the Mongols.
Bela IV of Hungary had cousins in Poland who would come to his aid if he requested it, but it was not to be. The two Mongol armies were successful and defeated the army of Henry II the Pious of Silesia at Legnica.
Subutai, the great Mongolian general, was in command at the Battle of Mohi (Unknown Author / Public Domain)
Another army of the Mongols attacked Transylvania crushing the Transylvanian armies. This left the main army, led by Khan Batu and Subutai, great general of the Mongol army, free to attack. They duly did so, crossing the Verecke Pass and falling on the Hungarians.
The first army they came up against was led by Denis Tomaj who was the palatinate count, which was the highest-ranking office in the Kingdom of Hungary. This army, followed by another under King Bela attempted to place natural borders to stop the Mongols.
They did not anticipate that the Mongols would be able to move with great rapidity through these barriers and were back on the march within three days. European contemporary records say that the Mongols advanced like lightning and did not allow the Hungarians to prepare for the battle ahead.
Hungarian Preparation
In 1223, fifteen years earlier, the ever-expanding Mongol Empire had defeated a group of semi-allied Rus city-states known as the Cumans along the Kalka River of eastern Europe. They used a tactic known now as the feigned retreat that became famous under Subutai.
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The survivors of this devastating defeat fled to Hungary where they were met a new problem Bela IV, who wanted them to convert to Christianity. Some of them were converted and accepted Hungarian rule. This move caused the Mongol eyes to turn on Hungary who saw the acceptance of these refugees as an act of war.
At this time, Hungary was in the throes of a political divide. Bela IV, upon ascending to the throne, began to execute and expel the advisors of the previous regime. This caused the nobles to become disaffected. They were further frustrated by the Cumans being accepted. They gave the king more power but caused friction across Hungarian society.
King Bela began to mobilize his army which included the Cumans, assembling in the city of Pest. He also relied on help from Frederick II, the Duke of Austria. However, the tensions between the Cumans and Hungarians flared up and caused riots within the forces.
Within these riots, the Cuman leader was killed. Some sources speculate that the Duke of Austria was instrumental in beginning the riots. The Cumans feeling betrayed left Hungary and moved south pillaging towns and cities on the way.
The full mobilization of troops was not successful as many of the troops were prevented from reaching Pest either by Mongols or Cumans. Also, many nobles, still unsatisfied with the rule of King Bela IV, refused the call to arms.
The Battle of Mohi
The Mongols reached the walls of Pest on the 15th march and began pillaging and dismantling the neighboring area. Bela was still unprepared and so forbade any men from attacking. Despite this, Frederick attacked and defeated a small raiding party.
The Mongols press their attack against King Bela (Széchényi National Library, Budapest / Public Domain)
Buoyed by this victory, he declared Bela a coward and returned home after his "heroic" success. The Mongols however continued to prevent any reinforcements from arriving and they won many victories isolating King Bela IV from the rest of his support.
Being forced to it, King Bela IV offered battle to the Mongols. Surprisingly, the Mongols retreated which allowed the nobles to believe that the king was a coward rather than cautious. The Hungarians chased the Mongols for a week being beset by Mongol forces and on an intensive forced march, the Hungarians finally reached the river Sajo.
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There are no firm reports to give numbers for the armies, but some reports claim to say the Hungarians lost 10,000 men which may have been the entire size of their army. It was estimated that they would have had a sizeable force. The Mongol sources claimed that they were outnumbered but this is unlikely.
The initial phase of the battle was fought around the Sajo bridge. The Hungarians arrived in the evening. The Mongols likely did not want to attack, famously the Mongol horse archers avoided night battles, and the Hungarians were able to defend the bridge. They went as far as to have an initial victory defeating the Mongols. However, this was not to last.
The Mongols attacked in the morning and forced a retreat from the Hungarians. By the afternoon, they had withdrawn into a defensive circle and were being besieged by the Mongols in their camp. At one point it looked as if they would be able to hold on but were unable to sally forward and break the attack.
Additionally, they were terrified of the flaming arrows. It was not long later that the Hungarians broke and were chased by the Mongols. Though the Mongols were not without their own losses. So much so that they did not give chase for long.
After the Victory
The Mongols regrouped in the initial aftermath of the battle and began to systematically tear down the Hungarian nation. The losses were large, and the Hungarians were unable to mount a successful defense.
Only the death of Ogedei Khan prevented the Mongol forces from sweeping into Europe (National Palace Museum, Taipei / Public Domain)
The Hungarians were saved by the fact that on the 11th of December 1241, the Mongol ruler Ogedei died causing all Mongols to return to Mongolia so that they could be present to elect a new leader. If he had lived longer, who knows how far into Europe the Mongol army could have ushed.
The battle of Mohi marked a terrifying time for European nations who thought the Mongols could invade further. It cost the Mongols significantly though. In Russia, a large cemetery was dedicated solely to the Mongol troops killed in Hungary during this campaign.
Top Image: The Battle of Mohi: The Hungarians and Mongols clash across the bridge of the Sajo river. Source: Unknown Author / Public Domain.
Davison, D. 2019. Today in European history: the Battle of Mohi (1241). Available at: https://fx.substack.com/p/today-in-european-history-the-battle-b28
Konieczny, P. 2011. The unstoppable horde. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/48579325
Laszlovskzy, J. 2012. Mongol Horrors in Hungary 1241. Available at: https://www.medieval.eu/mongol-horrors-hungary-1241/
Phillips, C. 2022. The Battle of Mohi. Available at: https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Mohi
Weapons and Warfare. 2017. Battle of the Sajó River [Battle of Mohi]. Available at: https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2017/06/14/battle-of-the-sajo-river-battle-of-mohi/
Webb, J. 2022. Battle of Mohi Heath, 1241. Available at: http://www.theartofbattle.com/battle-of-mohi-heath-1241/
AustriahungaryinvasionkhanMongologedeiPoland
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Having graduated from University in History and Archaeology my strengths lie in research, writing and presentations. I have been invited to various conferences to present my research and have had success in this. I have also began social media outreach for a local historical research group. I have had numerous experiences in presenting my research to a variety of audiences from academic, public and children.
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