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A Feminist Legacy: The Rhetoric and Pedagogy of Gertrude Buck
reviewed by Jane Donawerth - January 08, 2008
Title: A Feminist Legacy: The Rhetoric and Pedagogy of Gertrude Buck
Author(s): Suzanne Bordelon
Publisher: Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale
ISBN: 0809327481, Pages: 243, Year: 2007
Search for book at Amazon.com
This book richly contextualizes the academic life and scholarly publications in composition and education of Gertrude Buck (1871-1922). Buck was born and raised in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and was the first person to take a Ph.D. in Rhetoric and Composition, under Fred Newton Scott and John Dewey at the University of Michigan. Buck first taught at the Detroit Normal Training School under the administration of Harriet M. Scott, her mentor's sister, and with her composed her first book, Organic Education: A Manual for Teachers in Primary and Grammar Grades (1897). Buck's dissertation, The Metaphor: A Study in the Psychology of Rhetoric (diss. 1898, book 1899) was published, and in 1897 she began teaching at Vassar, where she remained for the rest of her life. Besides editions of literary works and articles for scholarly journals, Buck also published Figures of Rhetoric: A Psychological Study (1895), A Course in Expository Writing (1899) with Elisabeth Woodbridge Morris (also a Vassar professor), A Course in Argumentative Rhetoric (1899), A Brief English Grammar (1905) with Fred Newton Scott, A Course in Narrative Writing (1906) with Morris, A Handbook of Argumentation and Debating (1906) with Kristine Mann (also a Vassar professor), The Social Criticism of Literature (1916) and, posthumously, Poems and Plays (1922). In addition, Buck for many years headed the Rhetoric and Composition Program at Vassar, teaching foundational and advanced courses in argument, added play-writing and production to the curriculum at Vassar, and helped to found the Poughkeepsie Community Theatre. She lived for most of her life at Vassar with the head of the English Department, Laura Johnson Wylie.
Bordelon's book employs meticulous research on the historical contexts for Buck's lifelong interests, arguing that Buck's composition textbooks and pedagogical guides, as well as her administrative and curriculum development, reflect a progressive, feminist, democratizing philosophy. Chapter 1 gives an overview of Buck's social view of ethics and rhetoric, arguing that Buck saw humans as inherently social and knowledge consequently as communal, and treats Buck's textbook on expository writing as viewing composition as a cooperative endeavor. Bordelon concludes that for Buck, writing was a vehicle (no matter the genre) for promoting social transformation. Chapter 2 offers compelling new insight into Buck's works, arguing that her teaching at the Detroit Normal School opened the tradition of grammar-school progressive education to her, which later influenced her work on college curriculum as "social education" (pp. 42-43); in this context Bordelon analyzes Buck's and Scott's treatise on education for primary schools (which used racist inflected Social Darwinism to trace culture from uncivilized Natives through Greek and Roman to the height of Anglo-Saxon civilization), and also examines the more beneficent influence of this theory on Buck's view of rhetoric as communication rather than persuasion. Chapter 3 surveys Buck's life as an administrator and the influence of Laura Wylie, based on meticulous archival research at Vassar, and demonstrates the democratic force of Buck's view of composition as a right for every citizen, as well as Buck's cooperative administrative style among faculty at Vassar, especially in recurring debates about the load of composition teachers. Chapter 4 recounts the debates at Vassar about suffrage between the male conservative administration and progressive faculty and students and Buck's involvement in the suffrage movement. Bordelon argues that this experience influenced Buck's argument textbooks--pointing to suffrage in her second handbook as one topic for debate. Chapter 5 provides the history of Buck's training in drama, her founding of a drama workshop in play-writing and production at Vassar, and her establishment of the Poughkeepsie Community Theatre as an experiment in town-gown democratic relations. The final, fascinating chapter examines the careers and philosophies of two students of Buck and Wylie's who then returned to teach English at Vassar--Mary Yost and Helen Lockwood. Yost extends Buck's theories of communication, arguing that communication is always social, a transaction drawing on emotion as well as reason, and Lockwood furthers Buck's investment in social issues, developing courses in "The Contemporary Press" and "Public Discussion." Bordelon concludes that Buck's legacy of student-centered, politicized education was transmitted to future generations.
While Bordelon's organization is clear and coherent, there are infelicities of style that the copy-editor should have caught: for instance, lack of parallelism ("she and other women were denied the right to vote and socially oppressed" [p.3 and repeated exactly p. 28]); and dangling modifiers ("In investigating Buck's involvement in the progressive education issues of her time and her prior collaboration with Harriet Scott, it is evident..." [p. 65]). Although Bordelon's historical research is deep and rich, and her footnotes a pleasure, her analysis of Buck's textbooks is sometimes thin, and I would have liked a more complex, closer analysis of those textbooks. At times, Bordelon allows her thesis concerning the feminist, democratic goals of Buck's teaching, administration, and rhetorical theory to limit her rather than to guide her. At other times, Bordelon does not seem sufficiently aware of the earlier history of education. For example, she overemphasizes the influence of Kant on ethics (when there were other influences on rhetoric of common sense Scottish philosophy), and praises Harriet Scott's development of education based on story without noting the development of narrative textbooks in the late eighteenth century by the Edgeworth family, among others. Still, this is an insightful, accessible book that brings a great deal of archival research to bear on Buck's composition and education theory. I would recommend it to all interested in Buck's works, nineteenth-century progressive education, and the history of rhetoric and composition.
Cite This Article as: Teachers College Record, Date Published: January 08, 2008
A Feminist Looks at Education - The Educational Philosophy of Charlotte Perkins Gilman
At the Interstices: Engaging Postcolonial and Feminist Perspectives for a Multicultural Education Pedagogy in the South
Feminist Scholarship: Kindling in the Grove of Academe
Progressive Education and Feminist Pedagogies: Issues in Gender, Power and Authority
Feminist Pedagogy: Looking Back to Move Forward
Critical Transnational Feminist Praxis
Invoking Mnemosyne: Art, Memory, and the Uncertain Emergence of a Feminist Embodied Methodology
You've Come A Long Way, Baby: Women, Politics, and Popular Culture
Jane Donawerth
JANE DONAWERTH, professor of English and affiliate in Women's Studies at the University of Maryland, has published books on Shakespeare and language, early modern women's writings, and science fiction by women, and she is co-editor of Early Modern Women: An Interdisciplinary Journal. She is editor of the anthology, Rhetorical Theory by Women before 1900, and she has recently won prizes for her co-translation of selected rhetorical writings by Madeleine de Scud�ry and her essay in Sixteenth Studies on Margaret Fell's reading and writing practices. She is currently working on a study of conversation as a model of discourse in rhetorical theory by women.


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Q: Should not allow file upload if anyone changes extension from exe to png via multer in node js application I'm uploading file using multer in my nodejs (express js) application which is working fine. I have put a mime type check there also to allow only png files but if I change the ext of the uploaded file from abc.exe to abc.png it also gets uploaded which is wrong.
here is my code.
var multer = require('multer');
var imagefolder = __base + 'public/complaintimages/';

var diskstorage = multer.diskStorage({
    destination: function (req, file, cb) {
        if (common.ImageMimeTypes.indexOf(file.mimetype) < 0) {
            common.ActionOutput.Status = common.ActionStatus.WrongFileUploaded;
            common.ActionOutput.Message = 'Invalid image file: ' + file.originalname;
            cb(new Error('FileUpload:' + common.ActionStatus.WrongFileUploaded), null);
        } else
            cb(null, imagefolder);
    },
    filename: function (req, file, cb) {
        var filenm = randomstring.generate(10);
        //console.log(filenm + file.originalname);
        cb(null, filenm + file.originalname);
    }
});
var upload = multer({
    storage: diskstorage
});

It should check the file content for mime type. Renaming other into png should not be uploaded. It seems to be bug in the library.
Please advice.

A: In your route handler when you have the saved file name, you can use the mmmagic module:
var mmm = require('mmmagic'),
var magic = new mmm.Magic(mmm.MAGIC_MIME_TYPE);
magic.detectFile(fileName, function (err, mime) {
  if (err) {
    // handle error
  } else {
    // check the mime
    // and remove the file if you don't like it
    // plus send a correct response to the client
  }
});

Update
If mmmagic doesn't work for you then you can use the file-type module but it works on buffers so you first will have to read the file (or some part of it) into a buffer and check the mime type with file-type. The read-chunk module can be handy to read part of the file.
See:

*

*https://www.npmjs.com/package/file-type

*https://www.npmjs.com/package/read-chunk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Problem with load Apache + MySQL I have tried configuring both Apache and MySQL but I still get very high peaks in load: http://d.pr/aD9L
I'm pretty sure these peaks are not caused by increase in traffic, because no peaks can be found in Google Analytics.
How can I find out what is causing these peaks?

A: The graph you've shown does not show which processes created the load. If the load is low, I would ask if there are:

*

*Any cron jobs running at this time e.g. backups etc, that would account for the load

*Any cache clear conditions- i.e. a cache is cleared and things are now being served from the app.

It strikes me that these might be the most likely scenarios.
Also, if you are running on a VM, sometimes weird things like this can happen!

A: Might be good if you can post your config file w/ your question - just be sure to wipe your ip addresses and domain names of course.
There are a number of reasons httpd load can be high from mis-configuration to denial of service -
Let me fire off a few questions your way:::

*

*In your logs - are you seeing
anything out of the ordinary?

*Are you using anything such as
mod_security, mod_bandwidth,
mod_deflate, mod_evasive?

*Do you have a firewall setup ?  does
that firewall report anything out of
the ordinary ?

*run this command when the load is
high  ps -aux|grep HTTP|wc -l

*run this command when the load is climbing
netstat -ntu | awk '{print $5}' | cut -d: -f1 | sort | uniq -c | sort -n

*and run this command
netstat -lpn|grep :80 |awk '{print $5}'|sort

*If you see a large number of unknown ip's in those lists - block them in iptables via the command line like this:
iptables -A INPUT -s  -j DROP

A: Just to add to chrim2671's answer, one of the best ways to see what's happening is using 'top' - but (AFAIK) that only sorts processes by CPU or memory usage. And you are saying that your problem is load.
In the case of a webserver, all you'll see in top (or ps) is the httpd process running - if you want more details, you'll need to have a look at the logs or server-status.
You should certainly enalbe mysql slow query logging (if its not already on) and see if you can establish any correlations.

because no peaks can be found in Google Analytics.

Google Analytics is a fantastic tool for usage analysis - but it's not a tool for system diagnostics.
Do you understand what 'load' is? Its the average number of processes which are waiting to be scheduled to be run. It can be caused by high amounts of I/O, as well as cpu / memory / network bottlenecks.
Do you have any reason to believe that the increase in this metric is affecting the service provided to your users? Costing you money? If its not having any adverse effect, is it worth worrying about? If you don't know - then you need to have a think about what and why you are monitoring.


text:
Црква брвнара Вазнесења Господњег налази се у месту Омарска (Погрмушића Гај) насељу удаљеном 20 километара од Приједора, у Републици Српској, БиХ.

Референце

Верски објекти у Приједору
Цркве Епархије бањалучке
Православне цркве у Републици Српској

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Станко Балтић, (Горњи Орловци код Приједора, 7. јул 1943) пуковник ВРС у пензији. Бивши командант 27. моторизоване бригаде Војске Републике Српске.

Биографија
Артиљеријску подофицирску школу завршио је 1960. у 3адру, Војну академију копнене војске, смјер артиљерија, 1966. у Београду, а Командно-штабну академију копнене војске 1978. године. Службовао је у гарнизонима Шибеник, Љубљана, Ајдовшчина, Постојна и Бања Лука. Службу у ЈНА завршио је на дужности начелника артиљерије у органу родова у команди корпуса, у чину пуковника, у који је унапријеђен 18. октобра 1991. У ВРС је био од дана њеног оснивања до пензионисања, 22. маја 1999. Био је командант бригаде и начелник артиљерије у органу родова команде 1. крајишког корпуса. Живи у Приједору.

Одликовања и признања
 Медаљом за војне заслуге
 Орден за војне заслуге са сребрним мачевима,
 Орден народне армије са сребрном звијездом

Референце

Рођени 1943.
Официри Војске Републике Српске
Пуковници ВРС
Личности Рата у Босни и Херцеговини


Product categories of Winter Jacket, we are specialized manufacturers from China, Winter Jacket, Winter Work Jacket suppliers/factory, wholesale high-quality products of Waterproof Winter Jacket R & D and manufacturing, we have the perfect after-sales service and technical support. Look forward to your cooperation!
Winter Jacket is kind of Work Jacket which used in winter cold environment. Its outer layer fabric with PVC or PU coating for against wind and rain. The 100% cotton fabric inner layer increase the comfort of wearing. Interlayer padded with cotton for keep body warm.
It is often used in harsh conditions such as loggers, mountaineers, road manager and offshore oilfields.


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Q: Adding data entered in a textbox in VB.NET2010 to my ms-access database field I am having problems in VB.NET with adding data from a textbox to my database. For example i have a texbox where I want the student to enter there name, when they press the button okay I want the data in that textbox to be saved in a new row in the field "Name" under the entity "Student".

A: Well firstly you'll have to be connected to the Db, which I assume you are. Then the way to do it would be to say something like :
    Dim student as string = txt.text
    Dim cmd = New OleDbCommand("Insert INTO Student ([First Name]) VALUES "(student)"
    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()

That should work, otherwise you have to add parameters manually


Exoplanets II was held on 2-6 July 2018 - Registration is now closed.
Deadline for submitting abstracts to present at the conference has now passed.
You will be notified during April if your talk abstract has been accepted.
There are up to 200 spaces for poster display.
The abstract account system has now been closed - you can no longer login to modify or add content to your presentation abstract.
Please note that if your abstract for a talk is not accepted it will be considered for a poster, so you don't need to submit two abstracts for a talk and a poster on the same thing.
Registration ticket prices include conference registration fees, conference dinner and one (optional) social activity.
Student (Early-bird discount rate only) = £252.00 (valid from open registration until 01 March 2018 - after this date student rate will default to the regular rate as below).
if the written cancellation is received by the organiser on or before 08 May 2018, a full credit/refund minus a £60 administrative charge will be issued.
if the written cancellation is received by the organiser on or after 09 May 2018, or you do not attend the event, no refund will be issued.
If you are unable to attend, you may send a substitute at no extra cost, provided that you notify us of the change before 11 June 2018.


text:
Isak Dinesen Beatrix Ost
By Deborah Parker On December 18, 2015 · 3 Comments · In Laurence Tubiana, Uncategorized
"I am excited because it's a period where everything seems possible."
"Intelligence can win." Laurence Tubiana
Laurence Tubiana made headlines recently as France's top climate change envoy at the 2015 UN Conference on Climate Change (COP21) in Paris. Tubiana worked tirelessly for 18 months before the conference to ensure a positive outcome–meeting with world leaders before the conference and providing input on everything from lighting to the food that was served. Her contributions to the landmark accord should not be under-estimated. Known for her frankness and diplomatic skills, she quipped: "Climate change is about ecosystems; Climate change negotiations are about ego-systems." "She's added waves of energy and imagination to the process," says Michael Jacobs, a climate adviser to former UK prime minister Gordon Brown who worked with Tubiana at the Paris-based think tank, the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI).
Tubiana's imagination extends to her dress. The NYTimes recently described her look as "chic and charming, with a touch of bohemian to her personal style, which runs from perfectly cut diplomats' suits to designer jeans, high-heeled blue suede boots and chunky silver necklaces collected from her travels to places like North Africa and New Delhi." Note the beautifully cut tuxedo-style one in some of the photos. Other core elements of her look include he white hair, skinny trousers and sneakers. Tubiana wore different colored sneakers each day of the Paris Conference–ideal footwear for scurrying between world leaders during the conference.
Tubiana is professor and director of the Sustainable Development Center at Sciences Po Paris and has an appointment at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA). Since September 2012, she has served as co-chair of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN)'s Leadership Council and co-chairs the SDSN working group on Deep Decarbonization Pathways.
Michel Colombier, research director at IDDRI, reports: "she knows the entire world." "She has an incredible capacity for getting people together and finding a solution," Colombier attributes this to an unprepossessing demeanour that disguises the fact that "she is someone who knows what she wants and usually gets it."
Tagged with → climate change • fashion • Laurence Tubiana • style
3 Responses to Laurence Tubiana
Bluemim says:
Great website! I would add:
Deborah Parker says:
Thank you for these suggestions! Am working on Didion.
Yes, Susan Sontag please!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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a) Single column motor system.
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e) Removable & flexible armrests.
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Available at Celebrate Life store of Cardio Fitness at The Gallery in New Delhi at Rs. 2, 19, 000 inclusive of taxes.
Lakmé backs skill development with Aptech..


text:
Book Review: The Timeliest Read of 2021—The Business of WE
January 29, 2021 | Dan Beaulieu, D.B. Management Group
I know it's only January, but I want to say The Business of WE: The Proven Three-Step Process for Closing the Gap Between Us and Them in Your Workplace by Laura Kriska is the timeliest book of the year, as well as the most important. Why? Because it deals with the issues that we are facing right now. The gap that Kriska refers to is the one between Black and White, women and men and, as the title suggests, "we and them."
If you don't think I'm correct in my assertion, then you've not been paying attention. Besides the pandemic, 2020 (and the short bit of 2021 so far) has been filled with incidents that brought on the "Me Too" movement, the Black Lives Matter movement, and the resurrection of racism that culminated in the attempted takeover of the U.S. Capitol by people carrying the Stars and Bars and wearing shirts with the vilest of antisemitic slogans.
This book, which deals with all of the issues of "them and us" is timely, if not long overdue. Although the book deals primarily with business organizations, its ultimate message reaches all corners of our society. It deals with the proverbial third rail subject of reducing diversity animus and replacing it with diversity embracement. How do we not only accept our differences but overcome them as well? How do we accomplish cross-cultural compatibility?
While not an easy subject, and I have to admit that given the incidences so far this year, it's a fully daunting one. I feel that we have gone backward rather than forward when it comes to celebrating our differences, which makes this book all the more relevant.
Certainly, we all know racism when we see it, right? Or do we? We do when it stares—or should I say slaps—us in the face like the demonstration in Charlottesville. But what about the more subtle ways the gap between "them and us" shows up in the workplace? The off-color joke in mixed company? Or the ethnic stereotyping that seems to come up when talking about sports? Do we know it then?
We have all heard, if not said, these kinds of things, sometimes even thinking we were being complimentary. Like when an east Indian friend of mine felt insulted when an IT person told him he ought to be able to figure out his software snag himself. And when he told me about it, I just laughed and said, "So you're insulted because you have a stereotype of being smart?" Only later did I realize that any stereotype is bad and should never be stated.
This is exactly the kind of assumptions we all make. This is the kind of oversight our nurturing has taught us to take for granted.
And this is exactly the sort of thing that Kriska deals with in this important book's three steps:
Foster awareness
Self-assess
And they work! Since reading this book, I am ready to admit that I am much more aware of not only the way I look at things, but the way I treat people. Because I am more aware, I try to do something about it.
I conclude by saying that this is a book whose time has come, a message that must be heard, and steps that must be taken. This is to all of you good people who are committed to making the world around you a better place and to becoming better citizens of that world. Please read these words, and then pass it along to one of your friends who needs it the most.
The Business of WE: The Proven Three-Step Process for Closing the Gap Between Us and Them in Your Workplace
by Laura Kriska (Author)
Harper Collins Leadership and Imprint of Harper Collins
Copyright: January 12, 2021
Dan Beaulieu is president of D.B. Management Group.
Getting the Most Out of IPC APEX EXPO 2022
It's going to be a big deal for many of us to attend a large trade show like IPC APEX EXPO again. In fact, this was the last show I attended before locking down in early 2020—and that feels like a decade ago. With that in mind, going to IPC APEX EXPO this month will probably be the most important and valued trade show experience we have had in a very long time. We should all be doing everything we can to make this trade show experience as beneficial as possible. Here are some tips on how to make this show, as well as any other show you attend, a meaningful experience so that you will be sure to get a great return on your investment.
I-Connect007 Editor's Choice: Five Must-Reads for the Week
01/14/2022 | Andy Shaughnessy, I-Connect007
We're driving headlong into 2022, and there's a lot going on in the world of PCB design, fabrication, and assembly. It's trade show season now. IPC APEX EXPO starts in less than two weeks, and we're all getting ready for what is, for many, the first trade show in years. Do you know where you put your business cards after your last show in 2020? I keep half a box of biz cards in my glove compartment; I'm not going to make that mistake again.
Happy Holden's Five Must-Reads of 2021
01/10/2022 | Michelle Te, I-Connect007
Over the past year, I-Connect007 has published more than 4,000 news items, nearly 300 articles, and 350 columns from the leading expert voices in the industry. We also have interviewed dozens of fabricators, assemblers, and designers on the most relevant and pressing topics in the ever-evolving printed circuit board industry. So, it only made sense to ask Happy Holden about his picks for the best reads at I-Connect007 in 2021.


Bogotá, Colombia – Various events during July 23 – August 4, 2014 including Los Monos de Oro awards.
Geek Therapy, Booth # 342 – October 10-13 at New York Comic-Con.
"Geek Therapy: How Superheroes Empower All of Us" – July 18, 2013 12:00pm at Comic-Con International, San Diego, CA.
For more information use the Contact page.


text:
Father walks bride down aisle 10 days after becoming paralysed by brain tumour
Wednesday, January 08, 2020 - 07:01 AM
A father in the UK overcame paralysis caused by a brain tumour to walk his daughter down the aisle on her wedding day.
Peter James, 59, suffered a seizure which froze the right side of his body just 10 days before daughter Catherine Townsend tied the knot.
The father-of-two was diagnosed with an inoperable brain tumour in August last year after losing his spatial awareness, and while undergoing chemotherapy set himself the target of walking alongside his daughter on her big day on December 6.
But just 10 days before the ceremony in Gower, Swansea, Mr James suffered a seizure caused by a bleed in one of the tumours and resulted in him losing the use of his right arm and leg.
Catherine Townsend with father Peter James (Anthony Jones/PA)
Daughter Mrs Townsend, who married husband Tom, said: "We had no idea how we were going to pull through this. Dad was totally devastated and it was heart-breaking to see him so upset and hurting."
But the family were aided by occupational therapist Anthony Jones and specialist physiotherapist Sophie Kirby, both from cancer charity Macmillan, who took on the challenge of getting Mr James fit for the wedding.
Both took Mr James on walks up and down the corridor every day at Singleton Hospital, Swansea, and visited the rural hotel wedding venue, Oldwalls, beforehand to see what other support they could provide.
In just days Mr James was fit enough to be able to walk down the aisle, supported by the Macmillan workers, and stayed overnight at the hotel before returning to his hospital ward the following morning.
Mr James, a Swansea Council trading standards officer from Sketty, Swansea, came out of hospital shortly before Christmas and is now waiting to start radiotherapy treatment.
Mr Jones said: "It was clear it was deeply important to him. He became emotional whenever he spoke about it.
"We got him moving and tried to replicate an aisle there as best as we could.
"We really wanted it to happen, and watching him walk down the aisle for real was overwhelming. It was a career highlight for me and Sophie. It doesn't get any more rewarding than that."
Mr James' wife, retired nurse Sue James, said: "Catherine was the first of our children to be married. She's our only daughter so it was very, very important to Peter that he was able to walk her down the aisle.
"If it wasn't for Anthony and Sophie, we would never have got him there. They were amazing."
Bazooka, the 35lb cat, finds a forever home


Everybody laughs the same in every language because laughter is a universal connection.
I fed my ego, but not my soul.
When the needs of one person are being met by the other, there is laughter.
We have been learning since we were children how to make money, buy things, build things. The whole education system is set up to teach us how to think, not to feel.
Balance is so important in our lives. In our busy world, we can give ourselves balance between thinking and feeling.
We have a choice - we can both think and feel, using our heads and our hearts.
Never having alone time is real tough on people.
The ad in the paper said 'Big Sale. Last Week.' Why advertise? I already missed it. They're just rubbing it in.
In Russia we only had two TV channels. Channel One was propaganda. Channel Two consisted of a KGB officer telling you: Turn back at once to Channel One.
As Americans after 9/11, we're much more united, together as a nation, and we got stronger, better, and more at peace. By peace, I mean the harmony you can feel in our united determination to fight these terrorists and killers.
Americans think Soviets are so grim. I want them to see that they can smile.
To my real estate agent, Chernobyl is a fixer-upper.
I came to America to make it my home, and I did.
After the Soviet Union collapsed, people thought I wasn't funny anymore.
If you have something important to say, Broadway and New York are great places to say it.
Comedians are always hitting the topical notes that are on everybody's minds.
Falling in love is a chemical reaction. But it wears off in a year.
People in Tulsa are totally friendly; the crowds are very nice.


The president of the UMP Nicolas Sarkozy will vote the members of his party on the name "The Republicans" on the eve of the May 30 conference, said AFP Sunday Nathalie Kosciusko-Morizet, confirming a report in the JDD .
In an electronic vote on 28th and 29th May, three questions will be asked for members: on the status, the name, and the principle of a single list for political office, said the Associate Vice-President of the UMP. The 210,000 members who are eligible to vote are those who had signed up and paid contributions before 31 December 2014. Before being put to all members, these three questions will first be put to the members of the Political Bureau (BP) who meet on the 5th May in Paris.
The internal elections of the UMP (including those of the presidents of federations) will take place on July 4, also indicated NKM. Registered members can vote on 30 June. The new statutes impose more democracy (with the promise of a regular use of internal referendum with a platform on the internet) and more parity.
At BP, which combines ex officio members (former Presidents of the Republic, former Prime Ministers …) and elected members, they will be strictly joint. Ditto for the inaugural National Commission (CNI). At BP, there will be representatives of the five currents of the party since they will disappear.
The internal elections of the party (including those of the presidents of federations by universal suffrage, which is a first in the party) will take place on July 4, also indicated NKM. Registered members can vote on 30 June. According to a poll published Odoxa in mid-April, two in three French, but also more of a sympathizer on two UMP UMP prefer the Republicans. 53% of supporters believe that "Republicans" is too American.


Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt announced today that Dan Eller, Heather Hepburn, Joaquin Hernandez, Trevor Livingston, Devon Newman and Matt Wilmot have been named shareholders of the firm.
Eller focuses his practice in the areas of tax and business law. He advises clients with both transactional and controversy matters. His transactional practice has its emphases on choice of entity and formation, mergers and acquisitions, real property development transaction structuring, and tax-exempt entity formation, qualification and operation. Eller graduated from Lewis & Clark Law School with a juris doctor degree and the University of Washington School of Law with a master of laws in taxation.
Hepburn focuses her practice in the areas of business and real estate law, including entity issues, corporate and limited liability company formations, securities, and mergers and acquisitions. She is experienced in preparing and negotiating asset sale and stock sale agreements, commercial leases, real property purchase and sale agreements, and construction agreements. Hepburn graduated from the University of Oregon School of Law with a juris doctor degree.
Hernandez focuses his practice on counseling corporate, partnership and individual clients on governmental matters affecting their business. He represents clients involved in proceedings where the government proposes to take property under its eminent domain powers. He also counsels clients of diverse industries that contract or subcontract with all levels of government, including the construction, professional services, financial services and manufacturing industries. Hernandez graduated from Seattle University School of Law with a juris doctor degree.
Livingston has a general business practice and represents clients in a variety of corporate and real estate finance transactions, including public and private offerings of debt and equity, asset sales and purchases, and mergers and acquisitions. He also represents timberland investment management companies with asset and timberland investment management transactions, including the formation of timberland equity funds. Livingston graduated from Harvard Law School with a juris doctor degree.
Newman is an intellectual property attorney who helps individuals and businesses of all sizes protect their creativity and inventions. She is a registered patent attorney. In addition to counseling clients on intellectual property protection, she represents clients in litigation disputes about ownership and use of patents, trade secrets, trade dress, copyrights, unfair competition, trademarks and other complex litigation matters in state, federal and appellate courts. Newman graduated from Cornell Law School with a juris doctor degree.
Wilmot is an intellectual property attorney focusing his practice on advising business clients on identifying, protecting and enforcing their intellectual property assets. In particular, Wilmot specializes in advising clients on trademark, trade dress, unfair competition, trade secret, copyright, domain name issues and the litigation of complex intellectual property matters. His practice focuses on searching, clearing and prosecuting trademarks, the development and maintenance of trademark portfolios, drafting and negotiating intellectual property licensing and other IP-focused agreements, copyright and trademark counseling, and the enforcement of intellectual property rights in federal and state courts. Wilmot graduated from Willamette University College of Law with a juris doctor degree.


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Top Shelf Prospects
Hockey Board
NHL News, Analysis, History, Schedule, Rumors
Toronto Maple Leafs name John Lilley Director of Amateur Scouting
By: Colton Osmond, Editor | July 9, 2018 July 9, 2018
The Toronto Maple Leafs announced they have promoted John Lilley to director of amateur scouting. Lilley was previously the Leafs top US scout. The news was reported by Jeff Cox via Twitter.
Wakefield, Mass., native John Lilley, who played at BU before pro career, is the new Director of Amateur Scouting for Toronto Maple Leafs. Promoted from Top US scout.
— Jeff Cox (@JeffCoxSports) July 8, 2018
Leafs name John Lilley Director of Amateur Scouting
A native of Wakefield, Massachusetts, Lilley played his college hockey at Boston University. He was drafted 140th overall by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1990 NHL Entry Draft. His NHL career was short lived as he only played 23 games, all for the Anaheim Ducks. He scored three goals and eight assists for 11 points in those 23 games. He also spent three seasons in Germany's Deutsche Eishockey Liga where he scored 52 points in 129 games. Lilley represented the United States at the 1994 Winter Olympics where he scored three goals and one assist in eight games.
Lilley has been with the Leafs organization since 2006-2007. He was hired as an amateur scout, where he held the position for 10 years. In 2016 Lilley was promoted to the Director of Scouting for the US program. Lilley will now serve as the Director of Amateur scouting where he will oversee all amateur divisions.
Leafs Continue to Hire From Within
It's been a busy summer for Leafs management as they continue to fill positions from within. The had already promoted Kyle Dubas to be GM after relieving Lou Lamoriello of his duties in June. They then promoted Brandon Pridham and Laurence Gilman to be Dubas' assistants. Promoting Lilley will be the fourth promotion from within rather than looking outside the organization to fill the roles. It shows how strong of an organization the Leafs have cultivated when it comes to management and player evaluation. They continue to trust the hard work done by their current employees and are rewarding them for it.
Posted in News, Toronto Maple LeafsTagged Brandon Pridham, Kyle Dubas, Laurence Gilman, Toronto Maple Leafs
Matt on Edmonton Oilers Mike Smith Out
Yegor Sharangovich To Have Major Impact For New Jersey Devils on New Jersey Devils and Jesper Bratt Agree To New Contract
Alex Metzger, Site Manager on William Nylander Has Yet To Realize His Full Potential


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Interviews — November 09, 2018
"The fight against climate change is a moral issue", interview with...
The effects of climate change on society, the economy and the environment are often mentioned in the future. However, climate change is already having a direct impact on many people, who are forced to flee the degradation of their environment. They are "climate refugees". For nearly 15 years, François Gemenne,...
1000 Solutions — October 19, 2018
Bound4Blue, rigid sails to make air the new fuel
The Balueiro Segundo is a typical fishing vessel. Built in 2001, this bright red 40m long-liner, belongs to Orpagu (Organización de Palangreros Guardeses), a Spanish organization of longliners. Balueiro Segundo is about to get a radical change: at the end of the year, it will become...
PowerCorner, the power of sustainable mini-grids for rural villages
Ketumbeine, a remote village in the northern Arusha region of Tanzania, is 36 kilometers away from the national grid. For years, the 800 inhabitants of Ketumbeine had no access to reliable, clean and safe energy, just like 38 million Tanzanians and still over 1.1 billion people across...
Who are the 50 first labelled Solar Impulse Efficient Solutions?
There is still some hope on limiting global warming to 1.5°C, stated a report from the IPCC issued today. It will take a change of "no documented historic precedent" of our economic model, but it can be done. If we don't, the report outlines the devastating effects on our planet. Indeed, adding just half a...
Meet a solution: Sion, the solar-powered car
The Sion's main innovation lies in its 330 solar cells, which are integrated on the exterior of the car and capture the sun's energy throughout the day to provide a boost of up to 30km per day. The solar cells generate a maximum power of 1,204 watts with 24 percent efficiency. As the...
Interviews — September 14, 2018
"Antarctica is the memory of our planet", interview with Robert Swan
You have been on countless expeditions to both Poles for the past 30 years. What have these expeditions taught you?Personally, these expeditions have taught me the importance of having dreams and hope. What I learnt by becoming the first person crazy enough to walk to both poles is that if you really do have...
The Solar Impulse Foundation and New Energy Nexus join forces to...
"Thirty years ago, we had a chance to save the planet".This powerful and tragic statement was made by Nathaniel Rich in a brilliant piece published this summer in The New York Times: Losing Earth: The Decade We Almost Stopped Climate Change. How frustrating to think that we could have...
Interviews — August 27, 2018
Which direction is the wind blowing? Current trends and future...
Flying kites, floating turbines, bubble screens, bird detection radars… Many innovations are transforming the offshore wind industry. In recent years, cost reductions have led to a breakthrough in offshore wind. This energy source once considered as risky, unreliable, and costly has gained major attention and...
Lactips, a biodegradable alternative to plastic
The story behind Lactips is first and foremost about the encounter of two different worlds and two complementary people. Frédéric Prochazka, a researcher at the Faculty of Science and Technology of the Université Jean Monnet, in Saint-Etienne (France), had developed a...
Insights — August 06, 2018
China, rise of a cleantech giant
When it comes to environmental protection, China triggers mixed reactions. As the world's largest polluter, China emits more than a quarter of the world's global carbon emissions, which is more than the US and Europe combined. This is essentially due to their considerable use of dirty fossil fuels,...
We are 1000 Members!
Today was no ordinary day for the Solar Impulse Foundation. Indeed, today marked a big step towards our goal of making our world cleaner and our future brighter. Since the success of the solar flight around the world, we've worked day in day out to create the largest community of cleantech innovators, investors...
Meet a Member: TVP Solar, harvesting the sun for thermal energy
TVP Solar, founded in 2008 by Piero Abbate and Vittorio Palmieri, designs, develops, manufactures and markets innovative solar thermal panels. Less notorious than photovoltaic panels, solar thermal panels are also a very efficient alternative to fossil fuels. The main difference of...
Zify, the daily carpooling app
In the US, according to the latest American Community Survey, over three quarters (76.3%) of commuters still drive to work alone in their cars. Surely, Americans have an intensive use of their cars, but the figure is still high in Europe: more than half of Swiss commuters (52,1%) drove to work in...
Who are the Solar Impulse Foundation Experts?
For the past months, we have been recruiting experts and building this strong community dedicated to evaluating all the solutions submitted by Members of the World Alliance and ultimately deciding if they are granted the Solar Impulse Efficient Solution Label. Once they receive solutions submissions form,...
Insights — June 22, 2018
Clean energy transition: a massive employment opportunity
"Each time I speak of protecting the environment to heads of state or government officials, they tell me that it is too expensive. I want to prove them wrong!" said Bertrand Piccard at the launch of the Solar Impulse Efficient Solution Label in Copenhagen in May.Indeed, protection of the environment has...


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Home > What We Do > Peace and Democracy
To reform laws is to reform societies. At IDLO, this is something that we have had thirty years to learn. And there are no more important laws than fundamental laws – national Constitutions. One of greatest, the Constitution of the United States of America, has served that nation well for nearly a quarter of a millennium. Constitutions encapsulate a vision. In countries struggling to overcome trauma, as is the case of Kenya; struggling to be reborn, as in Somalia; or struggling to be born at all, as in South Sudan, Constitutions respond to a collective need for unity and renewal.
But Constitutions are also highly technical documents. They set the parameters for law and justice in a given jurisdiction. For this reason, they require legal resources and expertise unavailable in many developing nations. By providing those resources and expertise, IDLO is proud to have assisted several countries through complex constitutional processes.
Hague Setting for Wide-Ranging Rule of Law Debate
The rule of law is emerging as one of the most pressing issues of this century. It is a cornerstone of peace, security, justice and development.
Read more about Hague Setting for Wide-Ranging Rule of Law Debate
Statement by the Director-General, Jan Beagle, Foreign Affairs Committee, Italian Chamber of Deputies
Foreign Affairs Committee, Italian Chamber of Deputies
I would like to start by expressing my deep appreciation for this opportunity to present IDLO and its contribution to the 2030 Agenda.
Read more about Statement by the Director-General, Jan Beagle, Foreign Affairs Committee, Italian Chamber of Deputies
Statement by the Director-General, Jan Beagle at the 9th Sahel Special Envoy Meeting
Instability in the Sahel: Closing the Justice Gap - 9th Sahel Special Envoy Meeting
Excellencies,
Distinguished guests,
Colleagues and friends,
Read more about Statement by the Director-General, Jan Beagle at the 9th Sahel Special Envoy Meeting
Support the Development of Rules for the New Child Rights Law in Myanmar
Although Myanmar is a Party to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, children in the country still suffer disproportionate risks of early marriage, sexual exploitation, trafficking, neglect and abuse. In order to address these challenges, in 2019, the parliament passed a new Child Rights Law which covers all aspects of a child's life, including health, education, juvenile justice, children in armed conflict and alternative care arrangements. However, there is still a need to develop rules to guide the law's implementation.
Read more about Support the Development of Rules for the New Child Rights Law in Myanmar
CSW64 | IDLO at the Commission on the Status of Women
In 2020, the global community will mark the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Fourth World Conference on Women and adoption of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995).
Read more about CSW64 | IDLO at the Commission on the Status of Women
Fighting corruption in the Bahamas
Corruption is a complex social, political and economic problem which undermines democracy, human rights and governance by weakening state institutions, eroding public confidence and hindering the pathway towards sustainable development. The 2019 Transparency International Global Corruption Barometer found that 80% of citizens of the Bahamas considered corruption in government to be an important issue.
Read more about Fighting corruption in the Bahamas
Commercial Mediation Action Plan in Jordan
In recent years, Jordan has taken steps and demonstrated political will to reform the justice sector and promote mediation and alternative dispute resolution as means not only to reduce court congestion and shorten the litigation process, but also to guarantee transparent and fair trials. Despite the use of mediation for several years, interest in mediation faded, and it is no longer perceived as a reliable mechanism for dispute resolution. There is therefore a strong need to re-establish mediation as an effective dispute resolution mechanism in the country.
Read more about Commercial Mediation Action Plan in Jordan
IDLO promotes anti-corruption dialogue with students in Montenegro
Students and scholars from 30 countries convened in Igalo, a coastal village in Montenegro, to study, discuss and exchange views on the rule of law at the European Union and Legal Reform Summer School in July 2019.
Read more about IDLO promotes anti-corruption dialogue with students in Montenegro
Enhancing Case-Handling Through Performance-Based Budgeting at Attorney General Office in Indonesia
Indonesia's Attorney-General's Office (AGO) has identified differences between its methods for measuring the budget it needs to handle cases and the methods used by other bodies, including the Ministry of Finance, the National Planning and Development Agency and the State Audit Board. If the AGO's initial budget needs are not assessed correctly, this could potentially lead to a misjudgment of its budget allocation, its burn rate and expenditure, and its budget performance.
Read more about Enhancing Case-Handling Through Performance-Based Budgeting at Attorney General Office in Indonesia
The new Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes in Kyrgyzstan
In recent years, the Kyrgyz Republic has adopted a new Criminal Code and reformed the Criminal Procedure Code with the stated aim to humanize the system of law enforcement in the country. The new Codes were developed by a group of dedicated technical experts that have subsequently supported the development of a training program aimed at building the capacity of all key stakeholders - judges, police, defense lawyers, and prosecutors - on the foundational understanding of the codes.
Read more about The new Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes in Kyrgyzstan
Initiate Type:
AllActiveCompletedEvaluation
Overcoming Land Disputes and Strengthening Women's Customary Rights
In June 2015, IDLO commenced the project: Researching the Impact of Land Tenure Registration on Land Disputes and Women's Land Rights in Burundi. Land Tenure Registration (LTR) programs involve issuing proof of ownership to holders of land rights to increase their legal certainty. Such programs are undertaken for a variety of reasons. While much is known about the impact of LTR on factors like access to credit and agricultural output, there is a gap in knowledge of its impact on land disputes, particularly in post-conflict settings.
Strengthening Regulatory Reform in Indonesia
Indonesia has a high number of overlapping or contradictory laws and regulations. This results in ineffective administration, lengthy processes and obstacles for economic development. While the Government of Indonesia has taken certain measures to enhance regulatory reform, regulatory functions are currently scattered across several governmental institutions, creating a web of uncoordinated mandates. There is therefore a need for a central body or unit within the government that oversees regulations.
Building capacity to implement the new Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes in Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan's new Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code are set to enter into force on January 1, 2019, with the aim of improving the system of law enforcement in the country. Specifically, the new Criminal Code seeks to reform criminal law, procedure and types of criminal punishment, promote the integration of the Code into security measures, institute probation, introduce mediation in criminal matters, and support new mechanisms and approaches for the social integration of persons convicted of criminal wrongdoing.
Appel a note conceptuelle de sous-projet
Renforcement de la chaine pénale au nord du Mali. En 2016, l'IDLO a lancé un programme de cinq ans au Mali, financé par le Gouvernement des Pays-Bas : « Renforcement de la chaîne pénale au nord du Mali ».
Strengthening the capacity of the Attorney General's office
An effective prosecution service is critical to the provision of justice, stability and peace in Somalia. But the absence of a robust, independent and competent prosecutorial service has contributed to a climate of impunity, increasing the proliferation of both low-level and serious crimes, including terrorism, corruption and gender-based violence throughout Somalia.
Technical Support and Cooperation with the General Procuracy
Funding and spending patterns of the General Procuracy of the Kyrgyz Republic (GP) have remained relatively invariable since Kyrgyzstan became an independent state in 1991. Stagnant funding has had negative implications for the GP, and the Prosecutors' Training Center (PTC) requires support to train and retrain prosecutors in accordance with changing Kyrgyz legislation and international human rights standards. Additionally, gender inequalities within the GP remain a significant challenge.
Increasing accountability for sexual and gender based violence
Rates of sexual and gender based violence (SGBV) remain high in Uganda due to cultural practices, continued internal displacement, and low capacity of the justice system. IDLO is working to advance accountability for SGBV crimes committed in times of or after armed conflict in Uganda.
Strengthening the legal response to HIV/AIDs
It is well recognized that discrimination against people living with HIV and affected populations (such as injecting drug users and women in the sex industry) blocks HIV prevention efforts. Discrimination discourages HIV testing and can limit access to care and treatment services. IDLO is working to provide legal information and representation to HIV-affected and key populations in Benin. Through collaboration with local organizations, IDLO is building local capacity in Benin and strengthening the legal response to help those living with HIV assert their rights and address intolerance.
Reforming the Somali Penal Code
The protracted civil war and the weak state control over territory in Somalia has enabled new criminal activities to take hold, including illegal checkpoints, maritime piracy, cybercrimes, money laundering and counterfeiting, human trafficking, extortion, terrorist financing, and the smuggling of weapons and food over Somalia's porous borders. The Somali Federal Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and national police are well aware of these newer forms of criminality plaguing Somalia, but are unable to effectively combat them.
Resolving Electoral Disputes in Kenya
In 2010, the people of Kenya overwhelmingly voted in favor of a new Constitution, following a protracted struggle for constitutional reform spanning over two decades. Under the new Constitution, the elections of 2013 were the first in Kenya's multiparty history with Electoral Dispute Resolution (EDR) processes in place. With these mechanisms, disputes can be resolved legally, peacefully and speedily – as opposed to resulting in violence or being allowed to drag through the courts.
Strengthening Women's Customary Land Rights
In Burundi, land tenure registration is the primary way for the government to deal with the large number of land disputes across the country. A series of pilot programs aimed at resolving land rights issues have been initiated in recent years. To date, however, it is unclear whether these pilot programs have had their intended effect of reducing the number of land disputes.
Supporting Myanmar's attorney general's office and supreme court
IDLO is supporting the training departments of the Myanmar Union Attorney General's Office (UAGO) and the Office of the Supreme Court of the Union (OSCU) to strengthen their capacity development strategies. The long-term goal is to help justice sector institutions implement their strategic priorities of modernizing training programs by improving the knowledge, skills and abilities of judges, law officers and court staff, and enhancing their professional development.
Promoting Accountability for Sexual and Gender-Based Violence (SGBV) in Liberia
Under the Liberia SGBV program launched in January 2016, IDLO will work with the judiciary to enhance the efficiency, transparency and accountability of Criminal Court "E" in Montserrado, the special court designated to deal exclusively with sexual offenses established in 2008, and improve access to justice and protection mechanisms for victims of SGBV.
Empowering civil society for reform
Civil society in Ukraine is well organized and able to exert considerable influence, especially since the Maidan Revolution. It is widely agreed that targeted support for civil society organizations (CSOs) can amplify the success of reforms that strengthen the rule of law and eliminate corruption. With this is mind, we are working to empower CSOs to monitor and engage with the current reform processes in public administration, rule of law and justice sectors.
Reducing Corruption in the Regions
While acknowledging the importance of national reform efforts, our program in Ukraine emphasizes and assists regional reform initiatives. We are helping develop and implement the reform agenda launched in Odessa, in an effort to position the Black Sea region as Ukraine's de facto anti-corruption capital.
In Ukraine, as in most eastern European states, the role of the Public Prosecutor is oversized in relation to the Judiciary and the rest of the legal community. The institution is historically prone to abuse of power and corruption, and skewed towards protecting the interests of the state over those of society or the individual. Regard for human rights is scant; fair trial standards are rarely applied. As a consequence, public dissatisfaction is rife. However, current political will to change the system has opened up an opportunity for meaningful reform.
Facilitating Peace and Reconciliation in Kyrgyzstan
Following the April 2010 Revolution in the Kyrgyz Republic, an interim government came to power promising to end many of the injustices that had prompted the overthrow of the country's previous two presidents. Many reforms carried out during the interim period were focused on improving the foundation and application of the rule of law. Despite initial steps made towards progress in this area, the political events of 2010, including ethnic violence, significantly undermined potential progress in the rule of law.
A Common Law Curriculum in South Sudan
As a long-term partner of the College of Law at the University of Juba, IDLO helped align the teaching system with South Sudan's new legal context and regional standards. With the majority of its justice sector professionals educated in Islamic/civil law, South Sudan faces the dual task of increasing its overall population of qualified legal professionals and simultaneously retraining practicing lawyers and prosecutors.
Towards a Constitution for South Sudan
The National Constitutional Review Commission of South Sudan continues to consult with stakeholders and the public on the development of a Permanent Constitution for South Sudan. In the past, IDLO supported the National Constitutional Review Commission by providing technical expertise in particular aspects of the Constitution's structure and substance. IDLO provided ongoing secretarial support to the coordination of the Commission's activities.
Constitutional Reform in Somalia
IDLO is working to support the endorsement of Somalia's Provisional Constitution. In the first half of 2012, we helped produce a comparative analysis of the new draft Constitution, the Constitution of 1960 and the Transitional Federal Charter of 2004, with recommendations for changes where appropriate. The Provisional Constitution was adopted in 2012. The constitution-making process is set to continue until 2016, with the resulting document put to a public referendum.
Statement by the Director-General, Jan Beagle, Foreign...
Statement by the Director-General, Jan Beagle at the 9th...
IDLO promotes anti-corruption dialogue with students in...


text:
Q: RecyclerView with 2 columns. Not center vertically Here my fragment set recyclerView:
sortRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true);
RecyclerView.LayoutManager rvLayoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(getActivity(), 2);
sortRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(rvLayoutManager);

Here fragment layout:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/place_holder_color">

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/sortRecyclerView"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="0dp"
        android:scrollbars="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

Here my item layout:
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageViewPhoto"
        android:layout_width="@dimen/preview_image_height"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/preview_image_height"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageViewFavorite"
        android:layout_width="28dp"
        android:layout_height="28dp"
        android:layout_margin="10dp"
        android:src="@drawable/ic_like_inactive"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

    <android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout
        android:id="@+id/bottomContainer"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@drawable/offer_rounded_corner_bottom_bg"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@id/imageViewPhoto">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/titleTextView"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ellipsize="end"
            android:maxLines="1"
            app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/imageViewDownload"
            app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@id/bottomContainer"
            app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@id/bottomContainer" />

    </android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

And here result with 2 columns:

As you can see the items of RecyclerView is align by left side. But I need to center it vertically.
Here result with one column (again not align on center)

A: Try this
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/place_holder_color">

     <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/sortRecyclerView"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:scrollbars="vertical"
        android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        android:layout_centerInParent="true" />

</RelativeLayout>

change your custom layout like this
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageViewPhoto"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageViewFavorite"
        android:layout_width="28dp"
        android:layout_height="28dp"
        android:layout_margin="10dp"
        android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/bottomContainer"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round">

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/titleTextView"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:ellipsize="end"
            android:maxLines="1" />

    </LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>

A: Try this,
item_layout.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_margin="4dp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivImage"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:layout_width="150dp"
        android:layout_height="150dp"
        android:scaleType="centerCrop" />
</RelativeLayout>

Add SpanSizeLookup to your GridlayoutManager for last item to center.
gridlayoutManager.setSpanSizeLookup(new GridLayoutManager.SpanSizeLookup() {
                @Override
                public int getSpanSize(int position) {
                    if (position == imageUrls.size - 1) {
                        return 2; // the item in position now takes up 4 spans
                    }
                    return 1;
                }
            });
        }

Note: Make your item layout's root view width to match_parent.

A: You create class & extend this RecyclerView.ItemDecoration  In constructor pass number of items in row & space between items like this
 public class SpaceItemDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
private int space;
private int columnSpan;
private int topSpace;

public SpaceItemDecoration(int space, int columnSpan,int topSpace) {
    this.space = space;
    this.columnSpan = columnSpan;
    this.topSpace = topSpace;
}

@Override
public void getItemOffsets(Rect outRect, View view, RecyclerView parent, RecyclerView.State state) {
    int position = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view);
    int rightPosition = position - columnSpan;
    parent.getLayoutManager();

    // Left
    if(position % columnSpan == 0){
        outRect.right = space;
    }
    // Right
    else if(rightPosition % columnSpan != 0){
        outRect.left = space;
    }

    outRect.top = topSpace;
    outRect.bottom = topSpace;
}

}


A job shop that specializes in hard milling shows why this technique is becoming indispensable for mold manufacturers. Hard milling allows mold components to be machined in the hardened state, thus skipping several expensive and time-consuming processes such as electrical discharge machining and hand polishing. Hard milling requires a certain type of machining center, tool holding system and programming software. The requirements for each of these elements are explained.
Corey Greenwald (above right) and Kevin Hunter inspect the details of a mold block produced on one of the shop's Makino V56 vertical machining centers. This block (right) is made of hardened H13 tool steel. A 1.0-mm diameter ballnose end mill with a 12:1 length to diameter ratio was the smallest tool used in this project, which substantially reduced EDM and polishing operations for the customer.
A complete and accurate model of the cutting tool in its holder allows the programming software to check for possible collisions or gouging of the workpiece with 100 percent accuracy, thus allowing predictable, unattended cutting.
The entire surface of this mold cavity was milled in the hardened state to a 12-rms finish and required no further benching and zero spotting time. The mating core (next page) was also hard milled. Shutoff surfaces on the cavity side were machined to a negative stock of 0.0008 inch. This mold produced a good part in the first shot.
Got hard milling? When high speed machining techniques are applied to mold components in the hardened state, a mold shop can take some of the most expensive and time-consuming steps out of the mold machining process.
Corey Greenwald "gets it." He understands that hard milling is becoming an essential capability for shops producing plastic injection molds. He understands how to perform hard milling operations effectively, routinely and confidently in his own shop, Hard Milling Solutions. He understands that as mold shops turn to hard milling, they are likely to need such a specialty shop to handle the hard milling they can't handle, either because they do not have enough time on their own machines or because they aren't quite ready to perform hard milling on their own.
Unfortunately, when it comes to hard milling, many mold shops don't "get it" yet. They are stuck doing mold machining in traditional ways. As a result, they end up spending time hand polishing molds and then spending more time struggling to "spot" the molds in final trials and tests.
"All these extra hours represent the difference between competitive and non-competitive moldmaking in a global market," Mr. Greenwald says. "Unless these shops change their machining methods, they are going to have a hard time surviving," he concludes.
Mr. Greenwald strongly believes that hard milling is one of the most important answers to this problem, especially in smaller molds and inserts. He says that hard milling can help a mold shop start with hardened steel and produce finished mold surfaces that require little or no hand polishing. That allows them to skip several time-consuming, labor-intensive steps in the moldmaking process. Hard milling capability, he adds, is also a boost to machining shutoff surfaces on one side of the mold to a "negative stock" condition. This leaves a slight gap between mating mold surfaces, thus greatly reducing the time and effort to do the final alignment and adjustments (spotting) of the mold when it is first in the press. The mold will last longer and run faster, too.
So what's to get about hard milling? According to Mr. Greenwald, hard milling requires a whole new kind of thinking about how to machine metal. Hard milling takes a certain kind of machine tool, a certain kind of cutting tool and toolholder, and a certain kind of programming software. All of these pieces of technology have to be in place, and all of them have to work together perfectly.
"Once you get everything going and understand how it fits together, hard milling is a reliable, predictable and productive process," Mr. Greenwald says. As proof, he points to the fact that his shop's two vertical machining centers (designed especially for the demands of hard milling) often run virtually around the clock with minimal attention.
How Mr. Greenwald became a highly respected practitioner and strong proponent of hard milling is an unusual story. He started out as a manufacturing engineer, eventually getting involved in shop management at a die/mold shop in the suburban Detroit area. One of the projects he oversaw was the installation of a machining center to hard mill forming punches for hot-forged powdered metal connecting rods.
The results were impressive. Production of the punches dropped from 30 days to 6. This was better than what the shop owners expected, and it was as far as they wanted to go. Mr. Greenwald, however, saw even more potential to save time and cut costs with hard milling.
Around the same time, Craig Sizemore, one of Mr. Greenwald's friends in the Detroit die/mold community, was also taking an interest in hard milling. His shop, Cut-Rite EDM, Inc., specializes in advanced wire electrical discharge machining (EDM), and he was exploring hard milling as a complement or alternative to EDM. Mr. Sizemore believed that a counterpart to his EDM shop was needed to service shops looking for hard-milling capacity and experience.
With Mr. Sizemore's support, Mr. Greenwald opened Hard Milling Solutions in Shelby Township, Michigan, about 30 miles north of downtown Detroit. That was in August 2004. Hard Milling Solutions operates in leased space next door to Mr. Sizemore's shop. Unlike Mr. Sizemore, though, Mr. Greenwald was not trained as a machinist or tool and die maker. His only experience working closely with machining was related to the hard-milling application at his former employer.
This encouraged, rather than deterred, Mr. Greenwald. He knew enough about hard milling to realize that it had to be approached with the same rigorous discipline and vigorous curiosity that sustained him as a manufacturing engineer. That still left him with the practical aspects of learning how to perform hard milling and of equipping a shop to do it effectively. For that, Mr. Greenwald turned to Single Source Technologies, an Auburn Hills, Michigan, distributor of machining centers and EDM equipment from Makino (Mason, Ohio) and other builders. Single Source had been active in promoting high speed machining and hard milling in the metro Detroit area and had helped Mr. Greenwald set up the hard-milling machine with his former employer.
He attended the workshops and training courses about high-performance machining at Single Source, and he credits this training as the basis for his success in hard milling. When Hard Milling Solutions went into operation, it was with a Makino V56 machining center and one employee to help run this machine.
Although Mr. Greenwald got his start with the help of these outside forces, he quickly realized that hard milling still required a lot of pioneering on his part. Because the shop was set up to specialize in hard milling, he began encountering a variety of hardened steel grades that ranged into the 60s of the Rockwell hardness C-scale. The machining data tables from Single Source gave him a starting point, but much of the work required experimentation and test cuts.
Today, about half of the shop's work is in plastic injection molds, most of this using hardened H13 and S7 tool steels. The shop also specializes in medical machining, including joint replacement forging dies as well as die details, die-cast core cavity inserts, powder metal tooling end forms and anything as hard as 65 Rc. The original machine has been joined by a second V56. Mr. Greenwald continues to keep both machines in operation with one other employee, Kevin Hunter, a mold maker with 30 years of experience.
Because hard milling is all his shop does, Mr. Greenwald says he could hardly help becoming a rather advanced expert at it. Even so, for selfish and unselfish reasons, he wants to see hard milling more widely adopted by mold makers in the United States. He believes that, as more shops invest in this technology, they will be more likely to turn to his shop with overflow work or particularly difficult jobs. More importantly, he believes that hard milling represents the future of moldmaking in this country. "Right now, there's no better way to make moldmaking profitable in the face of surging mold imports from low-wage countries," he says.
Hard milling is an offshoot of high speed machining techniques. The essence of high speed machining is taking many light cuts at closely spaced stepovers, thus leaving minimal cusps between passes. The goal is to create an as-machined surface that drastically reduces the need for subsequent processing. For the cutting tool to achieve an effective chip load, feed rates and spindle speeds must be much higher than those normally applied in traditional machining; hence the name high speed machining. The high feed rates also make it possible to complete a much larger number of passes across the workpiece more quickly than with traditional methods.
Hard milling takes the concept of high speed machining one step further. The combination of light cuts at high feed rates and spindle speeds makes it possible to remove steel in the hardened state efficiently when all of the proper conditions are met. Likewise, closely spaced stepovers with small-diameter, radiused tools leave a surface that approaches the fineness of one that has been stoned or polished by hand. (Mr. Greenwald reports routinely achieving surfaces of 10-12 rms with hard milling when needed.) Because the steel is already hardened, subsequent heat treating, stress relieving or grinding steps are unnecessary. More importantly, the process also replaces many costly steps with EDM.
The ability to hold extremely tight tolerances (±0.0004 inch or less) is an added benefit of hard milling that is valuable in mold machining. It allows mold contours to be machined without the excess stock normally left for hand spotting. Moreover, by machining to zero stock, mold geometry will perfectly match that of the CAD model. Likewise, this ability allows mating mold surfaces to be machined to a negative stock condition. The concept is to machine shutoff areas along the parting lines, usually on the cavity side, slightly but precisely below the nominal dimension. This leaves a small gap between the surfaces that would normally contact each other when the mold closes. Gap size is too small (0.0008 inch is typical) to allow plastic to flow out during the injection process, so the mold still shuts off effectively. The gap allows air within the mold to escape readily, without additional provisions for venting, as molten plastic is forced inside. Small contact pads in corners maintain the gap—otherwise, shutoff surfaces do not touch each other. The interference between these surfaces that must normally be resolved during spotting and fitting is eliminated. In addition, the gap eliminates the impact between these surfaces when the core and cavity sides come together so that the sharp edge at the parting line is fully protected.
Like any CNC machining process, hard milling depends on a capable machine tool, the appropriate cutting tool/toolholder system and an effective toolpath program. Unlike other machining processes, however, the interaction of these elements is somewhat more complex and dynamic, although certainly not beyond the reach of new users approaching it with determination, commitment and openness to change, Mr. Greenwald says.
"Getting a grip on hard milling can be a challenge, but there is one way to get your mind around it," he points out. The way to understand hard milling, he says, is to understand that it is all about protecting the tip of the cutting tool. "It all boils down to what makes the tip cut safely and effectively. If you understand that, then you can work backwards and understand the system requirements and their interactions. You manage all of those interactions so that the tip of the end mill cuts coolly and freely, with consistent engagement in the material. Everything else falls into place." That said, he adds that if any part of the system is neglected or breaks down, then the tip of the cutter suffers and the whole process starts to fail.
Working up from the end mill, Mr. Greenwald outlines the critical factors in each element.
The cutting tool. Hard Milling Solutions typically uses ballnose end mills for roughing, semi-finishing and finishing. Two-flute ballnose end mills are used exclusively for finishing, and these finishing cutters are the most critical elements in the hard-milling process. For finishing, the end mill must meet two essential requirements: it must have a near-perfect radius and have virtually unblemished cutting edges. Accuracy of the radius has to be extremely tight so that a high or low flute does not cause uneven metal removal, thus degrading geometry, surface quality and tool life. The end mills used in the shop for finishing are certified to a radius accuracy of at least ±5 micron (±0.0004 inch). On occasion, the shop has used end mills 0.012 inch in diameter with a radius certified to ±0.0002 inch.
The cutting edges of the flutes must have a minimum of microscopic chips, cracks or other irregularities. The presence of these defects means that the edges will be subject to accelerated wear mechanisms as soon as they contact the workpiece. This leads to a rougher surface finish and a shortened tool life. Tool life is an issue because the shop depends on its end mills to last as expected when running its machines unattended.
Cutting tools that meet these specs are now readily available from suppliers such as OSG (Glendale Heights, Illinois) and NS Tool (distributed in North America by Single Source Technologies), but they are considerably more expensive than standard items. Because tools of this quality are absolutely necessary, however, cost is not an issue. "They are the foundation that makes it possible to skip polishing and spotting down the road, so they are an essential investment in the hard-milling process," Mr. Greenwald says.
The toolholder. The toolholder has to protect the radius and edge quality of the end mill. Mr. Greenwald believes that shrink-fit toolholders with HSK interfaces provide the most protection. Shrink-fit clamping provides the lowest runout of any current clamping method, thus minimizing the slight off-center rotation of the cutting tool. Runout causes the tool to cut excessively with one flute, thus increasing the chip load on that flute and shortening cutter life.
Hard Milling Solutions uses a Haimer shrink-fit system. According to Mr. Greenwald, it takes less than a minute to exchange and reclamp cutting tools and return them to the automatic toolchanger. In his experience, shrink-fit clamping routinely holds runout to less than 0.0001 inch.
The shop buys only balanced HSK toolholders and avoids any abusive handling. The HSK interface is mandatory because it provides stiffer, more accurate and more secure clamping in the spindle than other tapered styles.
The spindle. Just as the toolholder protects the end mill's sharp edges and accurate radius, the spindle in turn has to protect the integrity of the cutting tool/toolholder assembly. Of course, the spindle also has to be designed for the high rpm that hard milling requires. Controlling heat and vibration in the spindle is very important. Direct-drive spindles (no gears or belts for power transmission) and internal cooling are usually dictated by hard-milling applications.
The pair of V56 vertical machining centers installed at Hard Milling Solutions has spindles with these features. Both spindles are rated at 20,000 rpm.
Machine construction. Discussing the spindles on these machines can't be separated from a discussion of the overall machine construction of which they are a part. "It almost goes without saying that machines for hard milling have to be extremely rigid," says Mr. Greenwald. Volumetric accuracy is also important.
"From my perspective, what is important is minimizing the vibration and tolerance stack-ups that might reach the cutting tool. Whether I'm cutting with a 0.5-mm end mill at 40 ipm or a 6-mm end mill at 380 ipm and holding accuracy in the tenths, the effects of system variables are magnified. Everything has to be controlled," Mr. Greenwald says.
Dual RISC processors, one of which is dedicated to the data transformations necessary to turn programmed tool paths into servo commands.
Look-ahead capability of 120 blocks to avoid over- or undershoots in tool travel.
Effective interpolation of high-resolution encoder feedback for precise position control.
Glass scales for feedback in 50 nanometer increments.
However, the performance of a rigid yet responsive machine tool depends on the NC programming input. This leads to what Mr. Greenwald considers one of the least understood aspects of hard milling—the influence of the tool paths driving the CNC.
"It all goes back to the tip of the cutting tool, where we started," he explains.
The perfect radius and edges of the cutting tool rely on a "smooth ride" to cut safely and accurately when machining hardened materials. This is why most CAM software is inadequate for hard milling. The algorithms that generate tool paths are not designed for the smooth, accurate moves to the tolerances required for the kind of hard milling that allows mold shops to bypass entire steps of the moldmaking process.
As Mr. Greenwald sees it, typical CAM software is designed to produce tool paths quickly, so most systems use processing shortcuts that generate code efficiently. This software is great for general milling applications, because the effects of these shortcuts don't matter. The output is more than accurate enough for this kind of work. The problem is, this virtue becomes a vice in the realm of hard milling, he says.
His shop uses CAM-TOOL as its programming software. This software, developed in Japan, is sold in the United States by CGS North America, Inc., which is located in Windsor, Ontario, and led by Randy Nash, its new president. Chris Renaud, one of the company's sales and applications specialists, has worked with Hard Milling Solutions and understands its applications. "Corey's shop typifies the needs of hard milling, especially for mold work," he says.
According to Mr. Renaud, this software does not create a triangulated mesh approximating the surface of contoured geometry because these approximations stymie the accuracy needed for hard milling, which is measured in millionths of an inch. Instead, the software calculates the tool path based on points taken directly from the geometry. In fact, he says, the points are connected by mathematically defined curves that best fit the points, as opposed to using straight line segments that connect the center points of each triangle in a mesh laid over the contours. Because the resulting path is a series of curves, the motion defined in the tool path lacks abrupt changes in direction that short line segments create. A machine tool with nanometer feedback resolution will attempt to move along those segments without compromise, creating a jerky, stuttering effect that puts cutting tools at risk.
Provide constant stock conditions for each subsequent roughing or finishing pass.
Algorithms for accurately analyzing the as-machined shape of the workpiece geometry are the key to meeting these goals, Mr. Renaud says. Tool paths for hard milling must not create the conditions that work against the ability of the cutting tool to generate the accuracy and surface finish that can take a mold right to the press.
When the chain linking the tip of the cutting tool to the programming software has no weak links, hard milling becomes predictable and reliable. This is why unattended operation is feasible. It's a practice that Hard Milling Solutions does, literally, day in and day out. "For each machine, we average about 100 or more hours a week of minimally attended operation," Mr. Greenwald says. About 90 percent of all jobs are run totally unattended. "If you have to stand in front of the machine on these jobs, then they weren't programmed correctly," he says. The only time he or Mr. Hunter watches a job closely is when one of the men is experimenting with smaller cutters or harder materials than previously encountered and he needs to learn all he can about system performance.
He stresses, however, that routinely operating in the unattended mode is not an option or a bonus with hard milling. He says that running almost around the clock is the only way to make the machines pay for themselves and provide a healthy return on the investment. Unattended operation represents more than high machine output with low labor input. It also represents numerous hours of benching and spotting at high labor costs that have been taken out of the process.
The benefits to the mold-buying customer are so compelling that hard milling should be irresistible to the mold builder. By eliminating or drastically reducing electrode milling, EDM, grinding, polishing and spotting on the press, hard milling takes out some of the most expensive and time-consuming steps in the mold-building process. For this reason, Mr. Greenwald considers hard milling to be a make-or-break technology for U.S. mold shops.
Their survival ensures his because he knows that there will be plenty of extra hard milling work or unusually difficult jobs that will come his way.


IN the year 1878 I took my degree of Doctor of Medicine of the University of London, and proceeded to Netley to go through the course prescribed for surgeons in the army.
Sherlock Holmes #1, available on gutenberg.
In 1881, after returning from Afghanistan Doctor John Watson is in need of rest and recuperation. He is also in need of a place to live, and preferably a house mate to share the cost. Living in London is expensive. An old school friend introduces Watson to Sherlock Holmes and together they take up residence in 221B Baker Street.
At first Watson doesn't really know what to make of Holmes, whereas Holmes appears to know a lot about Watson. He deduces things. Holmes sometimes assists Scotland Yard as a "consulting detective", and, being called to the scene of a murder, he brings Watson along to demonstrate his methods. And so begins the famous partnership of Sherlock Holmes and Doctor John Watson.
I remember having a collection of classic novels as a child, they were probably abridged, I'm not sure, but there were some of Sherlock Holmes' adventures among them. The Hound of the Baskervilles for definite, but I'm sure there were a few others. But this is my first reading, as far as I know, of A Study in Scarlet . And I have to say that while I really enjoyed the London bit, Watson's diary as it were, the section in the middle covering the Mormons and Salt Lake City struck me as rather bizarre.
Possibly that was down to my expectations of what a Sherlock Holmes' story was, or possibly it was just that it reminded me of Zane Grey's Riders of the Purple Sage which I read a while ago. It also deals with Mormons and the role of women, and people trying to escape Mormon persecution and corruption. Whatever the reason, it just didn't *feel* like a Sherlock Holmes story, despite it being the first ever written.
So that whole detour through Utah did absolutely nothing for me.
But I did enjoy getting introduced to Sherlock Holmes for the first time. All his little foibles and idiosyncrasies as encountered by Watson for the very first time. And Watson, trying to figure out what Holmes is all about. That was great. And also shows that Holmes is not some unfeeling, arrogant smug git [ref]BBC's Sherlock, I'm looking at you[/ref]. Sure he thinks he is smarter than everyone else, but he is also aware that there is plenty he doesn't know. And he is far from unfeeling. I'm looking forward to reading more Sherlock, I'm going to try and read them in publication order, but we'll see what actually happens.