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Project acronym AuxinER
Project Mechanisms of Auxin-dependent Signaling in the Endoplasmic Reticulum
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAET FUER BODENKULTUR WIEN
Summary The phytohormone auxin has profound importance for plant development. The extracellular AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1) and the nuclear AUXIN F-BOX PROTEINs (TIR1/AFBs) auxin receptors perceive fast, non-genomic and slow, genomic auxin responses, respectively. Despite the fact that ABP1 mainly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), until now it has been proposed to be active only in the extracellular matrix (reviewed in Sauer and Kleine-Vehn, 2011). Just recently, ABP1 function was also linked to genomic responses, modulating TIR1/AFB-dependent processes (Tromas et al., 2013). Intriguingly, the genomic effect of ABP1 appears to be at least partially independent of the endogenous auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) (Paque et al., 2014). In this proposal my main research objective is to unravel the importance of the ER for genomic auxin responses. The PIN-LIKES (PILS) putative carriers for auxinic compounds also localize to the ER and determine the cellular sensitivity to auxin. PILS5 gain-of-function reduces canonical auxin signaling (Barbez et al., 2012) and phenocopies abp1 knock down lines (Barbez et al., 2012, Paque et al., 2014). Accordingly, a PILS-dependent substrate could be a negative regulator of ABP1 function in the ER. Based on our unpublished data, an IAA metabolite could play a role in ABP1-dependent processes in the ER, possibly providing feedback on the canonical nuclear IAA-signaling. I hypothesize that the genomic auxin response may be an integration of auxin- and auxin-metabolite-dependent nuclear and ER localized signaling, respectively. This proposed project aims to characterize a novel auxin-signaling paradigm in plants. We will employ state of the art interdisciplinary (biochemical, biophysical, computational modeling, molecular, and genetic) methods to assess the projected research. The identification of the proposed auxin conjugate-dependent signal could have far reaching plant developmental and biotechnological importance.
The phytohormone auxin has profound importance for plant development. The extracellular AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN1 (ABP1) and the nuclear AUXIN F-BOX PROTEINs (TIR1/AFBs) auxin receptors perceive fast, non-genomic and slow, genomic auxin responses, respectively. Despite the fact that ABP1 mainly localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), until now it has been proposed to be active only in the extracellular matrix (reviewed in Sauer and Kleine-Vehn, 2011). Just recently, ABP1 function was also linked to genomic responses, modulating TIR1/AFB-dependent processes (Tromas et al., 2013). Intriguingly, the genomic effect of ABP1 appears to be at least partially independent of the endogenous auxin indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) (Paque et al., 2014). In this proposal my main research objective is to unravel the importance of the ER for genomic auxin responses. The PIN-LIKES (PILS) putative carriers for auxinic compounds also localize to the ER and determine the cellular sensitivity to auxin. PILS5 gain-of-function reduces canonical auxin signaling (Barbez et al., 2012) and phenocopies abp1 knock down lines (Barbez et al., 2012, Paque et al., 2014). Accordingly, a PILS-dependent substrate could be a negative regulator of ABP1 function in the ER. Based on our unpublished data, an IAA metabolite could play a role in ABP1-dependent processes in the ER, possibly providing feedback on the canonical nuclear IAA-signaling. I hypothesize that the genomic auxin response may be an integration of auxin- and auxin-metabolite-dependent nuclear and ER localized signaling, respectively. This proposed project aims to characterize a novel auxin-signaling paradigm in plants. We will employ state of the art interdisciplinary (biochemical, biophysical, computational modeling, molecular, and genetic) methods to assess the projected research. The identification of the proposed auxin conjugate-dependent signal could have far reaching plant developmental and biotechnological importance.
Project acronym CaNANObinoids
Project From Peripheralized to Cell- and Organelle-Targeted Medicine: The 3rd Generation of Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease
Host Institution (HI) THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM
Summary Clinical experience with globally-acting cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) antagonists revealed the benefits of blocking CB1Rs for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. However, their use is hampered by increased CNS-mediated side effects. Recently, I have demonstrated that peripherally-restricted CB1R antagonists have the potential to treat the metabolic syndrome without eliciting these adverse effects. While these results are promising and are currently being developed into the clinic, our ability to rationally design CB1R blockers that would target a diseased organ is limited. The current proposal aims to develop and test cell- and organelle-specific CB1R antagonists. To establish this paradigm, I will focus our interest on the kidney, since chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes. Our first goal will be to characterize the obligatory role of the renal proximal tubular CB1R in the pathogenesis of diabetic renal complications. Next, we will attempt to link renal proximal CB1R with diabetic mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we will develop proximal tubular (cell-specific) and mitochondrial (organelle-specific) CB1R blockers and test their effectiveness in treating CKD. To that end, we will encapsulate CB1R blockers into biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles that will serve as targeted drug delivery systems, via their conjugation to targeting ligands. The implications of this work are far reaching as they will (i) point to renal proximal tubule CB1R as a novel target for CKD; (ii) identify mitochondrial CB1R as a new player in the regulation of proximal tubular cell function, and (iii) eventually become the drug-of-choice in treating diabetic CKD and its comorbidities. Moreover, this work will lead to the development of a novel organ-specific drug delivery system for CB1R blockers, which could be then exploited in other tissues affected by obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
Clinical experience with globally-acting cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) antagonists revealed the benefits of blocking CB1Rs for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. However, their use is hampered by increased CNS-mediated side effects. Recently, I have demonstrated that peripherally-restricted CB1R antagonists have the potential to treat the metabolic syndrome without eliciting these adverse effects. While these results are promising and are currently being developed into the clinic, our ability to rationally design CB1R blockers that would target a diseased organ is limited. The current proposal aims to develop and test cell- and organelle-specific CB1R antagonists. To establish this paradigm, I will focus our interest on the kidney, since chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the leading cause of increased morbidity and mortality of patients with diabetes. Our first goal will be to characterize the obligatory role of the renal proximal tubular CB1R in the pathogenesis of diabetic renal complications. Next, we will attempt to link renal proximal CB1R with diabetic mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, we will develop proximal tubular (cell-specific) and mitochondrial (organelle-specific) CB1R blockers and test their effectiveness in treating CKD. To that end, we will encapsulate CB1R blockers into biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles that will serve as targeted drug delivery systems, via their conjugation to targeting ligands. The implications of this work are far reaching as they will (i) point to renal proximal tubule CB1R as a novel target for CKD; (ii) identify mitochondrial CB1R as a new player in the regulation of proximal tubular cell function, and (iii) eventually become the drug-of-choice in treating diabetic CKD and its comorbidities. Moreover, this work will lead to the development of a novel organ-specific drug delivery system for CB1R blockers, which could be then exploited in other tissues affected by obesity, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.
Project acronym CNIDARIAMICRORNA
Project Elucidation of the evolution of post-transcriptional regulation by characterizing the cnidarian microRNA pathway
Summary Over the past decade small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been shown to carry pivotal roles in post-transcriptional regulation and genome protection and to play an important part in various physiological processes in animals. miRNAs can be found in a very wide range of animals yet their functions were studied almost exclusively in members of the Bilateria such as insects, nematodes and vertebrates. Hence studying their function in representatives of non-bilaterian phyla such as Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, hydras and jellyfish) is crucial for understanding the evolution of miRNAs in animals and can provide important insights into their roles in the ancient ancestor of Cnidaria and Bilateria. The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is an excellent model for such a study since it can be grown in large numbers throughout its life cycle in the lab and because well-established genetic manipulation techniques are available for this species. Our preliminary results indicate that miRNAs in Nematostella frequently have a nearly perfect match to their messenger RNA (mRNA) targets, resulting in cleavage of the target. This mode of action is common for plant miRNAs, but is very rare in Bilateria. This finding together with my recent discovery of a Nematostella homolog of HYL1, a protein involved in miRNA biogenesis in plants, raises the exciting possibility that the miRNA pathway existed in the common ancestor of plants and animals. Here I suggest to bring together an array of advanced biochemical and genetic methods such as gene knockdown, transgenesis, high throughput sequencing and immunoprecipitation in order to obtain - for the first time - a deep understanding of the biogenesis and mechanism of action of small RNAs in Cnidaria. This will provide a novel way to understand the evolution of this important molecular pathway and to evaluate its age and ancestral form.
Over the past decade small RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been shown to carry pivotal roles in post-transcriptional regulation and genome protection and to play an important part in various physiological processes in animals. miRNAs can be found in a very wide range of animals yet their functions were studied almost exclusively in members of the Bilateria such as insects, nematodes and vertebrates. Hence studying their function in representatives of non-bilaterian phyla such as Cnidaria (sea anemones, corals, hydras and jellyfish) is crucial for understanding the evolution of miRNAs in animals and can provide important insights into their roles in the ancient ancestor of Cnidaria and Bilateria. The sea anemone Nematostella vectensis is an excellent model for such a study since it can be grown in large numbers throughout its life cycle in the lab and because well-established genetic manipulation techniques are available for this species. Our preliminary results indicate that miRNAs in Nematostella frequently have a nearly perfect match to their messenger RNA (mRNA) targets, resulting in cleavage of the target. This mode of action is common for plant miRNAs, but is very rare in Bilateria. This finding together with my recent discovery of a Nematostella homolog of HYL1, a protein involved in miRNA biogenesis in plants, raises the exciting possibility that the miRNA pathway existed in the common ancestor of plants and animals. Here I suggest to bring together an array of advanced biochemical and genetic methods such as gene knockdown, transgenesis, high throughput sequencing and immunoprecipitation in order to obtain - for the first time - a deep understanding of the biogenesis and mechanism of action of small RNAs in Cnidaria. This will provide a novel way to understand the evolution of this important molecular pathway and to evaluate its age and ancestral form.
Project acronym DormantMicrobes
Project Revealing the function of dormant soil microorganisms and the cues for their awakening
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITAT WIEN
Summary Soils are considered the last scientific frontiers that harbor one of the most diverse microbial communities on Earth. It is hypothesized that this diversity allows for redundancy in microbial key processes, thereby ensuring ecosystem stability. Much of this functional redundancy is embodied in non-active, dormant microorganisms that represent the 'microbial seed bank', which is characterized by a high number of low abundant taxa. Based on the recent theory of a 'dynamic rank-abundance curve', it is hypothesized that the rare dormant organisms can be recruited to participate in a given function upon resuscitation with environmental cue(s). In this project I will test this hypothesis on a level that matters for ecosystem processes – the functional level – by an innovative approach combining stable isotope probing (SIP) and sequencing with process-level and single-cell activity analysis. By testing 4 hypotheses, we will (1) reveal environmental cues that resuscitate dormant microorganisms involved in major soil functions and identify the activated microorganisms. The activity of the resuscitated communities will be analyzed at the process level, as well as at the single-cell by NanoSIMS, thereby allowing us to elucidate the impact of dormancy/resuscitation dynamics on targeted processes at the population and ecosystem level. (2) We will investigate the genetics of microbial dormancy-resuscitation strategies in a natural model environment for dormancy, an arid ecosystem, by metatranscriptome analysis of critical dormancy-resuscitation steps. (3) We will retrieve genomic information of primarily rare, but after resuscitation active, microorganisms involved in important soil processes, as they presumably contain so far unknown genomic potential. In summary, this project will generate essential knowledge on the stability of microbial key processes and on the diversity, the function and the genetics of the dormant majority in terrestrial ecosystems.
Soils are considered the last scientific frontiers that harbor one of the most diverse microbial communities on Earth. It is hypothesized that this diversity allows for redundancy in microbial key processes, thereby ensuring ecosystem stability. Much of this functional redundancy is embodied in non-active, dormant microorganisms that represent the 'microbial seed bank', which is characterized by a high number of low abundant taxa. Based on the recent theory of a 'dynamic rank-abundance curve', it is hypothesized that the rare dormant organisms can be recruited to participate in a given function upon resuscitation with environmental cue(s). In this project I will test this hypothesis on a level that matters for ecosystem processes – the functional level – by an innovative approach combining stable isotope probing (SIP) and sequencing with process-level and single-cell activity analysis. By testing 4 hypotheses, we will (1) reveal environmental cues that resuscitate dormant microorganisms involved in major soil functions and identify the activated microorganisms. The activity of the resuscitated communities will be analyzed at the process level, as well as at the single-cell by NanoSIMS, thereby allowing us to elucidate the impact of dormancy/resuscitation dynamics on targeted processes at the population and ecosystem level. (2) We will investigate the genetics of microbial dormancy-resuscitation strategies in a natural model environment for dormancy, an arid ecosystem, by metatranscriptome analysis of critical dormancy-resuscitation steps. (3) We will retrieve genomic information of primarily rare, but after resuscitation active, microorganisms involved in important soil processes, as they presumably contain so far unknown genomic potential. In summary, this project will generate essential knowledge on the stability of microbial key processes and on the diversity, the function and the genetics of the dormant majority in terrestrial ecosystems.
Project acronym lincSAFARI
Project Sequence and Function Relationships in Long Intervening Noncoding RNAs
Host Institution (HI) WEIZMANN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE
Summary It is now clear that many intergenic regions in eukaryotic genomes give rise to a range of processed and regulated transcripts that do not appear to code for functional proteins. A subset of these are long (>200 nt), capped and polyadenylated RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II and collectively called long intervening noncoding RNAs or lincRNAs. The recent estimates are that the human genome encodes >10,000 distinct lincRNAs, many of which show tissue-specific expression and are frequently dysregulated in human disease, including neurodegeneration. Given the growing number of lincRNAs implicated in human disease or required for proper development, fundamental questions that need to be addressed are: Which lincRNAs are functional? How is functional information encoded in the lincRNA sequence? Is this information interpreted in the context of the mature or the nascent RNA? What are the identities and functional roles of specific sequence domains within lincRNA genes? Our main hypothesis is that many lincRNA loci play key roles in gene regulation during cell differentiation, both via functionally important transcription events and post-transcriptionally, through the combined action of multiple short sequence domains. We will test this hypothesis using three complementary approaches – comparative genomics, detailed perturbations in mammalian cells followed by quantitative molecular phenotyping, and high-throughput screens for sequences able to carry out specific functions. We propose an interdisciplinary approach combining computational, molecular and stem cell biology. Our methodology will be scalable, allowing us to tackle completely uncharacterized long RNAs and eventually zoom in and study their individual bases. Upon successful accomplishment of the program, we will delineate modes of action of numerous lincRNAs, report sequence patches that are functionally important and understand how specific bases and structures act in concert to drive lincRNA function.
It is now clear that many intergenic regions in eukaryotic genomes give rise to a range of processed and regulated transcripts that do not appear to code for functional proteins. A subset of these are long (>200 nt), capped and polyadenylated RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II and collectively called long intervening noncoding RNAs or lincRNAs. The recent estimates are that the human genome encodes >10,000 distinct lincRNAs, many of which show tissue-specific expression and are frequently dysregulated in human disease, including neurodegeneration. Given the growing number of lincRNAs implicated in human disease or required for proper development, fundamental questions that need to be addressed are: Which lincRNAs are functional? How is functional information encoded in the lincRNA sequence? Is this information interpreted in the context of the mature or the nascent RNA? What are the identities and functional roles of specific sequence domains within lincRNA genes? Our main hypothesis is that many lincRNA loci play key roles in gene regulation during cell differentiation, both via functionally important transcription events and post-transcriptionally, through the combined action of multiple short sequence domains. We will test this hypothesis using three complementary approaches – comparative genomics, detailed perturbations in mammalian cells followed by quantitative molecular phenotyping, and high-throughput screens for sequences able to carry out specific functions. We propose an interdisciplinary approach combining computational, molecular and stem cell biology. Our methodology will be scalable, allowing us to tackle completely uncharacterized long RNAs and eventually zoom in and study their individual bases. Upon successful accomplishment of the program, we will delineate modes of action of numerous lincRNAs, report sequence patches that are functionally important and understand how specific bases and structures act in concert to drive lincRNA function.
Project acronym MetCAF
Project Uncovering the Role of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts in Facilitating Breast Cancer Metastasis
Host Institution (HI) TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY
Summary Mortality from breast cancer is almost exclusively a result of tumor metastasis. Since advanced metastatic cancers are usually fatal, understanding the biology of tumor metastasis is the most significant challenge in cancer research today. It has become clear that the microenvironment of tumors is crucial in supporting tumor growth. Nevertheless, the role of the metastatic microenvironment in facilitating metastatic colonization is largely unknown. We recently uncovered a novel role for Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) in mediating tumor-promoting inflammation. However, the role of CAFs in the formation of a permissive metastatic niche that enables the growth of disseminated tumor cells is unresolved. I propose to systematically investigate, for the first time, the molecular changes in CAFs that facilitate metastases formation, which may lead to the discovery of novel targets for cancer therapeutics. To achieve this goal, I will integrate tumor biology knowledge and the unique expertise of my lab: we will combine novel mouse models of spontaneous lung metastasis of breast cancer, imitating the clinical setting, with multi-transgenic reporter mice that enable origin tracing and unbiased analysis of fibroblast sub-populations. By performing a comprehensive molecular and functional characterization of fibroblast co-evolution during metastases formation and analysis of breast cancer patient cohorts, we will uncover the dynamic changes in CAFs at the metastatic niche, identify the origin of metastatic CAFs, and elucidate the signaling pathways that govern their functional role in breast cancer metastasis. Molecular understanding of the early stages of tumor metastasis is an essential prerequisite for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Achievement of the proposed goals will shed light on a central conundrum in cancer biology and open new horizons for the development of novel therapeutics that will transform cancer into a chronic, yet manageable disease.
Mortality from breast cancer is almost exclusively a result of tumor metastasis. Since advanced metastatic cancers are usually fatal, understanding the biology of tumor metastasis is the most significant challenge in cancer research today. It has become clear that the microenvironment of tumors is crucial in supporting tumor growth. Nevertheless, the role of the metastatic microenvironment in facilitating metastatic colonization is largely unknown. We recently uncovered a novel role for Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) in mediating tumor-promoting inflammation. However, the role of CAFs in the formation of a permissive metastatic niche that enables the growth of disseminated tumor cells is unresolved. I propose to systematically investigate, for the first time, the molecular changes in CAFs that facilitate metastases formation, which may lead to the discovery of novel targets for cancer therapeutics. To achieve this goal, I will integrate tumor biology knowledge and the unique expertise of my lab: we will combine novel mouse models of spontaneous lung metastasis of breast cancer, imitating the clinical setting, with multi-transgenic reporter mice that enable origin tracing and unbiased analysis of fibroblast sub-populations. By performing a comprehensive molecular and functional characterization of fibroblast co-evolution during metastases formation and analysis of breast cancer patient cohorts, we will uncover the dynamic changes in CAFs at the metastatic niche, identify the origin of metastatic CAFs, and elucidate the signaling pathways that govern their functional role in breast cancer metastasis. Molecular understanding of the early stages of tumor metastasis is an essential prerequisite for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Achievement of the proposed goals will shed light on a central conundrum in cancer biology and open new horizons for the development of novel therapeutics that will transform cancer into a chronic, yet manageable disease.
Project acronym ONCOMECHAML
Project Common Oncogenic Mechanisms in Multi-Partner Translocation Families in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Host Institution (HI) VETERINAERMEDIZINISCHE UNIVERSITAET WIEN
Summary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most frequent cancer of the blood system, with >80% mortality within 5 years of diagnosis. Straightforward clinical decisions are complicated by the genetic complexity of AML. In particular, fusion proteins arising from chromosomal aberrations are recurrently found in AML and often act as strong driver oncogenes. In "Multi-Partner Translocation" (MPT) families, one specific gene is fused to many recipient loci. Due to this modular architecture, MPT families are of particular interest to comparative studies of oncogenic mechanisms. The three most common MPT families in AML represent translocations of the MLL, RUNX1 and NUP98 genes. Despite their clinical significance, the molecular mechanism of transformation remains unknown for the majority of fusion proteins and it is unclear if transforming mechanisms are conserved within and across different MPT families. We hypothesize that common oncogenic mechanisms of fusion proteins are encoded in physical and genetic cellular interaction networks that are specific to MPT families. We propose to delineate critical common effectors of oncogenic mechanisms in AML driven by MPT families through a comprehensive, comparative, functional analysis of 20 clinically representative MLL-, RUNX1- and NUP98-fusion proteins using a unique experimental pipeline. Characterization of protein interactomes and their effects on gene expression will identify common cellular denominators of MPT families, whose functional contribution will be assessed through pooled shRNA screens in clinically relevant model systems. High-confidence hits will be validated in mouse models and primary cells from AML patients. This project will generate large informative datasets and novel experimental systems that are of relevance for basic and clinical cancer research. It will contribute to improved understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, which may directly impact on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the management of AML.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most frequent cancer of the blood system, with >80% mortality within 5 years of diagnosis. Straightforward clinical decisions are complicated by the genetic complexity of AML. In particular, fusion proteins arising from chromosomal aberrations are recurrently found in AML and often act as strong driver oncogenes. In "Multi-Partner Translocation" (MPT) families, one specific gene is fused to many recipient loci. Due to this modular architecture, MPT families are of particular interest to comparative studies of oncogenic mechanisms. The three most common MPT families in AML represent translocations of the MLL, RUNX1 and NUP98 genes. Despite their clinical significance, the molecular mechanism of transformation remains unknown for the majority of fusion proteins and it is unclear if transforming mechanisms are conserved within and across different MPT families. We hypothesize that common oncogenic mechanisms of fusion proteins are encoded in physical and genetic cellular interaction networks that are specific to MPT families. We propose to delineate critical common effectors of oncogenic mechanisms in AML driven by MPT families through a comprehensive, comparative, functional analysis of 20 clinically representative MLL-, RUNX1- and NUP98-fusion proteins using a unique experimental pipeline. Characterization of protein interactomes and their effects on gene expression will identify common cellular denominators of MPT families, whose functional contribution will be assessed through pooled shRNA screens in clinically relevant model systems. High-confidence hits will be validated in mouse models and primary cells from AML patients. This project will generate large informative datasets and novel experimental systems that are of relevance for basic and clinical cancer research. It will contribute to improved understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, which may directly impact on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the management of AML.
Project acronym RECENT-TO-REMOTE
Project Remote Memory Consolidation Based on Activity, Connectivity and Stability; Contribution of Neurons and Astrocytes.
Summary Our remote memories, weeks to decades long, define who we are and how we experience the world, yet almost nothing is known about the neuronal ensembles encoding them, or the mechanisms underlying the transition from recent to remote memory. I propose a novel hypothesis explaining the selection of the ensembles supporting remote memories based on their activity, connectivity and stability. I further suggest that 'systems consolidation', underlying the transition from recent to remote memory, is implemented by ongoing interactions between brain regions. Finally, I propose a novel role for astrocytes in recent and remote memory. My Specific Objectives are to: 1) Provide multi-dimensional characterization of the neuronal ensembles supporting recent and remote memory, by using activity-based tagging to show how recent and remote recall ensembles differ in activity, connectivity and stability. 2) Perturb the functional connectivity underlying 'systems consolidation' by employing connectivity-based tagging to label specific hippocampal and cortical projection neurons, image their activity during recent and remote memory, and causally demonstrate their functional significance to systems consolidation. 3) Determine the role of astrocytes in recent and remote memory consolidation and retrieval. We will manipulate astrocytes to show their role in recent and remote memory, ensemble allocation, and long-distance communication between neuronal populations. We will image astrocytic activity during a memory task to test if they can independently encode memory features, and how their activity corresponds to that of the neurons around them. This pioneering ERC project, comprised of innovative and ambitious experiments going far and beyond the state of the art in the field, will drive considerable progress to our contemporary understanding of the transition from recent to remote memory, identifying ensemble dynamics and critical projections and how they are modulated by astrocytes.
Our remote memories, weeks to decades long, define who we are and how we experience the world, yet almost nothing is known about the neuronal ensembles encoding them, or the mechanisms underlying the transition from recent to remote memory. I propose a novel hypothesis explaining the selection of the ensembles supporting remote memories based on their activity, connectivity and stability. I further suggest that 'systems consolidation', underlying the transition from recent to remote memory, is implemented by ongoing interactions between brain regions. Finally, I propose a novel role for astrocytes in recent and remote memory. My Specific Objectives are to: 1) Provide multi-dimensional characterization of the neuronal ensembles supporting recent and remote memory, by using activity-based tagging to show how recent and remote recall ensembles differ in activity, connectivity and stability. 2) Perturb the functional connectivity underlying 'systems consolidation' by employing connectivity-based tagging to label specific hippocampal and cortical projection neurons, image their activity during recent and remote memory, and causally demonstrate their functional significance to systems consolidation. 3) Determine the role of astrocytes in recent and remote memory consolidation and retrieval. We will manipulate astrocytes to show their role in recent and remote memory, ensemble allocation, and long-distance communication between neuronal populations. We will image astrocytic activity during a memory task to test if they can independently encode memory features, and how their activity corresponds to that of the neurons around them. This pioneering ERC project, comprised of innovative and ambitious experiments going far and beyond the state of the art in the field, will drive considerable progress to our contemporary understanding of the transition from recent to remote memory, identifying ensemble dynamics and critical projections and how they are modulated by astrocytes.
Project acronym SENSQUID
Project Scanning SQUID view of emergent states at interfaces
Host Institution (HI) BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), PE3, ERC-2014-STG
Summary The emergence of novel states of matter in low-dimensional systems is one of the most intriguing current topics in condensed matter physics. For instance, interfaces between certain non-magnetic insulating oxides were shown to give rise to surprising metallic, superconducting, and magnetic states, which are still far from being understood. I have recently demonstrated in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 that there is a strong influence of the constituent's structure on the interface conductivity (quasi-1D rather than 2D) and sub-micron ferromagnetic patches that coexist with inhomogeneous superconductivity. However, the origin of the interface magnetism, its relation to transport properties, and the mechanisms that control the different interface states are yet to be understood. I believe that the only way to fully understand the electronic and magnetic behavior in reduced dimensions is by combining extremely sensitive, non-invasive, local techniques, but such characterization tools are lacking. The aim of this project is to investigate the rich phenomena that appear at transition metal oxides interfaces, starting with LaAlO3/SrTiO3 as a model system, and expanding to other ground states (e.g. multiferroics, quantum materials, metal-insulator), as well as to other low-dimensional systems, including 2D-superconductors, topological insulators and carbon nanotube coils. To this end, I will develop an advanced scanning SQUID technology for higher temperatures, improved resolution, simultaneous mapping of orthogonal properties, and high throughput. By detecting nano-magnetism, traces of superconductivity, and non-invasively mapping the path of current flow, our tool will detect new states of matter, follow their interactions, correlations, and response to modulation in the local potential with extreme sensitivity. Our results will open up access to fundamental physics in atomically engineered materials, and to the control of their properties for use in next generation nanoelectronics.
The emergence of novel states of matter in low-dimensional systems is one of the most intriguing current topics in condensed matter physics. For instance, interfaces between certain non-magnetic insulating oxides were shown to give rise to surprising metallic, superconducting, and magnetic states, which are still far from being understood. I have recently demonstrated in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 that there is a strong influence of the constituent's structure on the interface conductivity (quasi-1D rather than 2D) and sub-micron ferromagnetic patches that coexist with inhomogeneous superconductivity. However, the origin of the interface magnetism, its relation to transport properties, and the mechanisms that control the different interface states are yet to be understood. I believe that the only way to fully understand the electronic and magnetic behavior in reduced dimensions is by combining extremely sensitive, non-invasive, local techniques, but such characterization tools are lacking. The aim of this project is to investigate the rich phenomena that appear at transition metal oxides interfaces, starting with LaAlO3/SrTiO3 as a model system, and expanding to other ground states (e.g. multiferroics, quantum materials, metal-insulator), as well as to other low-dimensional systems, including 2D-superconductors, topological insulators and carbon nanotube coils. To this end, I will develop an advanced scanning SQUID technology for higher temperatures, improved resolution, simultaneous mapping of orthogonal properties, and high throughput. By detecting nano-magnetism, traces of superconductivity, and non-invasively mapping the path of current flow, our tool will detect new states of matter, follow their interactions, correlations, and response to modulation in the local potential with extreme sensitivity. Our results will open up access to fundamental physics in atomically engineered materials, and to the control of their properties for use in next generation nanoelectronics.
Project acronym TopFront
Project Expanding the Topological Frontier in Quantum Matter: from Concepts to Future Applications
Host Institution (HI) TECHNION - ISRAEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
Summary Topological phases arise from a fascinating interplay between quantum mechanics and many-body physics. They exhibit an abundance of extraordinary properties, such as protected edge and surface modes, exotic particle statistics, and non-local correlations. These make them not only scientifically stimulating, but also appealing for ground-breaking future applications, such as quantum computing using non-Abelian systems. Their subtle nature often renders them hard to study theoretically, and even more so to detect and control experimentally. To date, only a small subset of them has been accessed in experiments. The purpose of this research program is to expand the scope of possible realizations of topological quantum matter, and to develop methods to detect, control and manipulate them. Two main research directions will be considered. The first will focus on utilizing defects to synthesize new non-Abelian systems. We will study the mathematical theory describing the defects, starting from microscopic considerations and aiming to achieve a unifying mathematical framework. New non-Abelian phases arising in networks of coupled defects will be explored. Protocols for controlling non-Abelian anyons and zero modes will be developed and optimized, aiming to minimize errors arising from imperfections in physical implementations. The second direction will explore the exciting possibility of inducing topological behaviour in non-equilibrium systems. Periodically driven systems, such as matter interacting with light, can exhibit anomalous topological phenomena with no analogue in static systems, which we intend to reveal and classify. We will study the unique many body physics arising from the interplay of topological Bloch-Floquet band structures, inter-particle interactions, and coupling to the environment. Finally, for both research directions we will consider possible experimental realizations in a variety of solid state and cold atom systems along with designated probes.
Topological phases arise from a fascinating interplay between quantum mechanics and many-body physics. They exhibit an abundance of extraordinary properties, such as protected edge and surface modes, exotic particle statistics, and non-local correlations. These make them not only scientifically stimulating, but also appealing for ground-breaking future applications, such as quantum computing using non-Abelian systems. Their subtle nature often renders them hard to study theoretically, and even more so to detect and control experimentally. To date, only a small subset of them has been accessed in experiments. The purpose of this research program is to expand the scope of possible realizations of topological quantum matter, and to develop methods to detect, control and manipulate them. Two main research directions will be considered. The first will focus on utilizing defects to synthesize new non-Abelian systems. We will study the mathematical theory describing the defects, starting from microscopic considerations and aiming to achieve a unifying mathematical framework. New non-Abelian phases arising in networks of coupled defects will be explored. Protocols for controlling non-Abelian anyons and zero modes will be developed and optimized, aiming to minimize errors arising from imperfections in physical implementations. The second direction will explore the exciting possibility of inducing topological behaviour in non-equilibrium systems. Periodically driven systems, such as matter interacting with light, can exhibit anomalous topological phenomena with no analogue in static systems, which we intend to reveal and classify. We will study the unique many body physics arising from the interplay of topological Bloch-Floquet band structures, inter-particle interactions, and coupling to the environment. Finally, for both research directions we will consider possible experimental realizations in a variety of solid state and cold atom systems along with designated probes.
Project acronym TOPO-NW
Project VISUALIZATION OF TOPOLGICAL STATES IN PRISTINE NANOWIRES
Summary Topological phases of matter have been at the center of intense scientific research. Over the past decade this has led to the discovery of dozens of topological materials with exotic boundary states. In three dimensional topological phases, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been instrumental in unveiling the unusual properties of these surface states. This success, however, did not encompass lower dimensional topological systems. The main reason is surface contamination which is disruptive both for STM and for the fragile electronic states. We propose to study topological states of matter in pristine epitaxial nanowires by combining growth, fabrication and STM, all in a single modular ultra-high vacuum space. This platform will uniquely allow us to observe well anticipated topological phenomena in one dimension such as the Majorana end-modes in semiconducting nanowires. On a broader view, the nanowire configuration intertwines dimensionality and geometry with topology giving rise to novel topological systems with high tunability. A vivid instance is given by topological crystalline insulator nanowires in which the topological symmetry protection can be broken by a variety of perturbations. We will selectively tune the surface states band structure and study the local response of massless and massive surface Dirac electrons. Tunability provides a higher degree of control. We will utilize this to realize topological nanowire-based electronic and spintronic devices such as a Z2 pump and spin-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer for Dirac electrons. The low dimensionality of the nanowire alongside various singularities in the electronic spectra of different topological phases enhance interaction effects, serving as a cradle for novel correlated topological states. This new paradigm of topological nanowires will allow us to elucidate deep notions in topological matter as well as to explore new concepts and novel states, thus providing ample experimental prospects.
Topological phases of matter have been at the center of intense scientific research. Over the past decade this has led to the discovery of dozens of topological materials with exotic boundary states. In three dimensional topological phases, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has been instrumental in unveiling the unusual properties of these surface states. This success, however, did not encompass lower dimensional topological systems. The main reason is surface contamination which is disruptive both for STM and for the fragile electronic states. We propose to study topological states of matter in pristine epitaxial nanowires by combining growth, fabrication and STM, all in a single modular ultra-high vacuum space. This platform will uniquely allow us to observe well anticipated topological phenomena in one dimension such as the Majorana end-modes in semiconducting nanowires. On a broader view, the nanowire configuration intertwines dimensionality and geometry with topology giving rise to novel topological systems with high tunability. A vivid instance is given by topological crystalline insulator nanowires in which the topological symmetry protection can be broken by a variety of perturbations. We will selectively tune the surface states band structure and study the local response of massless and massive surface Dirac electrons. Tunability provides a higher degree of control. We will utilize this to realize topological nanowire-based electronic and spintronic devices such as a Z2 pump and spin-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer for Dirac electrons. The low dimensionality of the nanowire alongside various singularities in the electronic spectra of different topological phases enhance interaction effects, serving as a cradle for novel correlated topological states. This new paradigm of topological nanowires will allow us to elucidate deep notions in topological matter as well as to explore new concepts and novel states, thus providing ample experimental prospects.
Project acronym TranslationRegCode
Project Cracking the Translation Regulatory Code
Summary Organisms across all kingdoms share several systems that are essential to life, one of the most central being protein synthesis. Living in a continuously changing environment, cells need to constantly respond to various environmental cues and change their protein landscape. In extreme cases, cells globally shut down protein synthesis and upregulate stress-protective proteins. Mechanisms of translational repression or selective enhancement of stress-induced proteins have been characterized, but their effects were demonstrated on an individual mRNA basis. Which target mRNAs are translationally regulated in response to different environmental cues, and what are the cis-regulatory elements involved, largely remain as open questions. Using ribosome footprint profiling, I recently discovered a novel mode of translational control in stress, underscoring the potential of new technologies to uncover novel regulatory mechanisms. But while transcription cis-regulatory elements have been thoroughly mapped in the past decade, and splicing regulatory elements are accumulating, the identification of translation cis-regulatory elements is lagging behind. Here I propose to crack the mammalian translation regulatory code, and close this long-standing gap. I present a novel interdisciplinary framework to comprehensively identify translation cis-regulatory elements, and map their mRNAs targets in a variety of cellular perturbations. Importantly, we plan to explore mechanisms underlying novel cis-regulatory elements, and create the first genome-wide functionally annotated translation regulatory code. The translation regulatory code will map targets of existing mechanisms and shed light on newly identified pathways that play a role in stress-induced translational control. The proposed project is an imperative stepping stone to understanding translational regulation by cis-regulatory elements, opening new avenues in the functional genomics research of translational control.
Organisms across all kingdoms share several systems that are essential to life, one of the most central being protein synthesis. Living in a continuously changing environment, cells need to constantly respond to various environmental cues and change their protein landscape. In extreme cases, cells globally shut down protein synthesis and upregulate stress-protective proteins. Mechanisms of translational repression or selective enhancement of stress-induced proteins have been characterized, but their effects were demonstrated on an individual mRNA basis. Which target mRNAs are translationally regulated in response to different environmental cues, and what are the cis-regulatory elements involved, largely remain as open questions. Using ribosome footprint profiling, I recently discovered a novel mode of translational control in stress, underscoring the potential of new technologies to uncover novel regulatory mechanisms. But while transcription cis-regulatory elements have been thoroughly mapped in the past decade, and splicing regulatory elements are accumulating, the identification of translation cis-regulatory elements is lagging behind. Here I propose to crack the mammalian translation regulatory code, and close this long-standing gap. I present a novel interdisciplinary framework to comprehensively identify translation cis-regulatory elements, and map their mRNAs targets in a variety of cellular perturbations. Importantly, we plan to explore mechanisms underlying novel cis-regulatory elements, and create the first genome-wide functionally annotated translation regulatory code. The translation regulatory code will map targets of existing mechanisms and shed light on newly identified pathways that play a role in stress-induced translational control. The proposed project is an imperative stepping stone to understanding translational regulation by cis-regulatory elements, opening new avenues in the functional genomics research of translational control.
Project acronym Troy Stem Cells
Project Troy+ stomach stem cells in homeostasis, repair and pathogenesis
Host Institution (HI) INSTITUT FUER MOLEKULARE BIOTECHNOLOGIE GMBH
Summary The adult mammalian stomach can be divided into three distinct parts: From the proximal fore-stomach over the corpus to the distal pylorus. Due to constant exposure to mechanical stress and to hostile contents of the lumen, highly specialized cell types have to be constantly reproduced in order to maintain the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, the applicant identified Troy+ chief cells as a novel stem cell population in the corpus epithelium. Troy+ chief cells displayed a very low proliferation rate indicating their quiescent nature compared to other known gastro-intestinal tract stem cells. Interestingly, these stem cells can actively divide upon tissue damage, suggesting distinctive statuses under conditions of homeostasis and injury. As Troy+ stomach stem cells exhibit interconvertible characteristics i.e. quiescent and proliferative, they represent a unique model of adult stem cells with which we can study 1) the dynamics of stem cell propagation in homeostasis and regeneration and the underlying mechanism of this switch by analysing molecular and epigenetic profiles. Subsequently, by analysing mRNA expression profiles and epigenetic changes in Troy+ stem cells between homeostasis and injury repair, we will generate a list of genes with potentially interesting functions in cell fate decisions. We will therefore investigate 2) the stomach stem cell programme in homeostasis and regeneration using in vitro and in vivo functional genetics. Lastly, we will characterise 3) human stomach stem cells in normal and pathological conditions. Here we pursue three main aims: - Investigating Troy+ stem cell dynamics during homeostasis and injury repair - Unmasking the stomach stem cell programme using in vitro and in vivo functional genetics - Characterising human stomach stem cells
The adult mammalian stomach can be divided into three distinct parts: From the proximal fore-stomach over the corpus to the distal pylorus. Due to constant exposure to mechanical stress and to hostile contents of the lumen, highly specialized cell types have to be constantly reproduced in order to maintain the function of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, the applicant identified Troy+ chief cells as a novel stem cell population in the corpus epithelium. Troy+ chief cells displayed a very low proliferation rate indicating their quiescent nature compared to other known gastro-intestinal tract stem cells. Interestingly, these stem cells can actively divide upon tissue damage, suggesting distinctive statuses under conditions of homeostasis and injury. As Troy+ stomach stem cells exhibit interconvertible characteristics i.e. quiescent and proliferative, they represent a unique model of adult stem cells with which we can study 1) the dynamics of stem cell propagation in homeostasis and regeneration and the underlying mechanism of this switch by analysing molecular and epigenetic profiles. Subsequently, by analysing mRNA expression profiles and epigenetic changes in Troy+ stem cells between homeostasis and injury repair, we will generate a list of genes with potentially interesting functions in cell fate decisions. We will therefore investigate 2) the stomach stem cell programme in homeostasis and regeneration using in vitro and in vivo functional genetics. Lastly, we will characterise 3) human stomach stem cells in normal and pathological conditions. Here we pursue three main aims: - Investigating Troy+ stem cell dynamics during homeostasis and injury repair - Unmasking the stomach stem cell programme using in vitro and in vivo functional genetics - Characterising human stomach stem cells
Project acronym TUNNEL
Project Tunneling Spectroscopy in van-der-Waals Device
Summary I will expand the experimental reach of tunneling spectroscopy to new materials and device geometries. The technique is ideal for tackling two challenges: (i) Probing Andreev bound states and Majorana states in graphene and topological insulators (TIs) coupled to superconductors, and (ii) realizing momentum-conserving tunneling. I will utilize a breakthrough in device fabrication to stack layered van-der-Waals materials, such as graphene and hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN), to form vertical structures. Ultrathin layers of mechanically deposited dielectrics will be used as tunnel-barriers. These can interface any smooth surface, expanding the range of possible device-based tunneling systems. A tunnel junction has decisive advantages over STM in access to lower temperatures and hence higher energy resolution. Significantly, the effort to probe the energy spectra of graphene and TIs coupled to superconductors is often resolution-limited. I will develop artificial-vortex devices and Josephson devices where induced spectra are expected to reveal the Majorana mode, a quantum state of unusual statistics sought as a platform for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Using the same technology, I will develop devices where tunneling takes place between extended states. The aim is to realize momentum resolved tunneling for μeV-resolution measurement of dispersions in graphene, other 2D systems, and smooth interfaces. Momentum control will be achieved using density-tuning of the Fermi surfaces or using parallel magnetic field. The high resolution spectra will reveal details of interaction effects, manifest as modifications to the single-electron picture. Carriers can be injected into a system with full control over their direction and energy – a powerful experimental knob, useful for injecting carriers using one electrode and extracting them in another. Such geometry is sensitive to relaxation effects, and will allow unprecedented resolution studies of out-of-equilibrium systems.
I will expand the experimental reach of tunneling spectroscopy to new materials and device geometries. The technique is ideal for tackling two challenges: (i) Probing Andreev bound states and Majorana states in graphene and topological insulators (TIs) coupled to superconductors, and (ii) realizing momentum-conserving tunneling. I will utilize a breakthrough in device fabrication to stack layered van-der-Waals materials, such as graphene and hexagonal Boron Nitride (hBN), to form vertical structures. Ultrathin layers of mechanically deposited dielectrics will be used as tunnel-barriers. These can interface any smooth surface, expanding the range of possible device-based tunneling systems. A tunnel junction has decisive advantages over STM in access to lower temperatures and hence higher energy resolution. Significantly, the effort to probe the energy spectra of graphene and TIs coupled to superconductors is often resolution-limited. I will develop artificial-vortex devices and Josephson devices where induced spectra are expected to reveal the Majorana mode, a quantum state of unusual statistics sought as a platform for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Using the same technology, I will develop devices where tunneling takes place between extended states. The aim is to realize momentum resolved tunneling for μeV-resolution measurement of dispersions in graphene, other 2D systems, and smooth interfaces. Momentum control will be achieved using density-tuning of the Fermi surfaces or using parallel magnetic field. The high resolution spectra will reveal details of interaction effects, manifest as modifications to the single-electron picture. Carriers can be injected into a system with full control over their direction and energy – a powerful experimental knob, useful for injecting carriers using one electrode and extracting them in another. Such geometry is sensitive to relaxation effects, and will allow unprecedented resolution studies of out-of-equilibrium systems.
Project acronym VDJtargeting
Project Engineering T cells and B cells for Immunotherapy using V(D)J recombination
Summary T cell engineering has shown clinical success mainly in haematological cancers, but scaling up is challenging due to reliance on ex vivo manipulations. In addition, B cell engineering has not shown therapeutic efficacy to date. Here, we propose a novel immunotherapy approach, allowing safe and efficient engineering of B cells and T cells, both ex vivo and in vivo. We will use adeno associated vectors (AAV) to integrate chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) genes into loci coding TCR chains and to integrate antibody (Ab) genes into loci coding Ab chains. Previously, we used AAV facilitated gene targeting in vivo to ameliorate genetic diseases in mice. For lymphocytes we develop "VDJ targeting": A promoterless receptor/Ab gene flanked by recognition signal sequences (RSS) will be inserted into the endogenous locus by the recombination activating gene (RAG) complex during V(D)J recombination. Only developing lymphocytes, expressing RAG, will incorporate the receptor/Ab gene, which will thus be expressed in potent naïve cells from the strong endogenous promoter. Targeted developing cells are subjected to negative selection, thus reducing risk of adverse autoimmunity. Lack of promoter reduces spurious expression and oncogenic risk upon rare off-target integration. Targeting endogenous loci may allow allelic exclusion. In B cells it may allow utilizing the endogenous constant region to express a B cell receptor and, upon activation, a secreted Ab. Activation may be accompanied by proliferation and affinity maturation, including somatic hypermutation and class switching, to allow a potent immune response, memory retention and diminished antigenic escape. Where controlled autoimmunity is desired, we will engineer B cells to inducibly secret an auto-Ab. We will demonstrate efficacy in cancer and autoimmune disease models implanted with lymphocytes that we engineered while ex vivo differentiated and in mice injected with vectors for in vivo VDJ targeting.
T cell engineering has shown clinical success mainly in haematological cancers, but scaling up is challenging due to reliance on ex vivo manipulations. In addition, B cell engineering has not shown therapeutic efficacy to date. Here, we propose a novel immunotherapy approach, allowing safe and efficient engineering of B cells and T cells, both ex vivo and in vivo. We will use adeno associated vectors (AAV) to integrate chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or T cell receptor (TCR) genes into loci coding TCR chains and to integrate antibody (Ab) genes into loci coding Ab chains. Previously, we used AAV facilitated gene targeting in vivo to ameliorate genetic diseases in mice. For lymphocytes we develop "VDJ targeting": A promoterless receptor/Ab gene flanked by recognition signal sequences (RSS) will be inserted into the endogenous locus by the recombination activating gene (RAG) complex during V(D)J recombination. Only developing lymphocytes, expressing RAG, will incorporate the receptor/Ab gene, which will thus be expressed in potent naïve cells from the strong endogenous promoter. Targeted developing cells are subjected to negative selection, thus reducing risk of adverse autoimmunity. Lack of promoter reduces spurious expression and oncogenic risk upon rare off-target integration. Targeting endogenous loci may allow allelic exclusion. In B cells it may allow utilizing the endogenous constant region to express a B cell receptor and, upon activation, a secreted Ab. Activation may be accompanied by proliferation and affinity maturation, including somatic hypermutation and class switching, to allow a potent immune response, memory retention and diminished antigenic escape. Where controlled autoimmunity is desired, we will engineer B cells to inducibly secret an auto-Ab. We will demonstrate efficacy in cancer and autoimmune disease models implanted with lymphocytes that we engineered while ex vivo differentiated and in mice injected with vectors for in vivo VDJ targeting.


Florprotec offer a bespoke service to all account customers. Our technical sales support representatives will work closely with you to tailor a bespoke range of products to suit your needs. This includes bespoke pricing, products and support literature and marketing. This will help maximise your potential to gain extra revenue through our products, whether your an end user, contractor or trade reseller. We can offer bespoke printing on materials to increase your exposure on site to your client. Having your company details printed on our products will increase your exposure and also allow you to own brand and take full ownership of the products. We can print your company logo, health and safety message, contact details, etc, the options are endless.


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Concrete Finishing Major
0 Associates's Degrees Annually
#246 in Popularity (Associate's)
Types of Degrees Concrete Finishing Majors Are Getting
The following table lists how many concrete finishing/concrete finisher graduations there were in 2019-2020 for each degree level.
Undergraduate Certificate 23
Associate Degree 9
Basic Certificate 5
What Concrete Finishing Majors Need to Know
O*NET surveyed people in occupations related to concrete finishing/concrete finisher and asked them what knowledge areas, skills, and abilities were important for their jobs. The responses were rated on a scale of 1 to 5 with 5 being most important.
Knowledge Areas for Concrete Finishing/Concrete Finisher Majors
According to O*NET survey takers, a major in concrete finishing/concrete finisher should prepare you for careers in which you will need to be knowledgeable in the following areas:
Building and Construction - Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads.
Public Safety and Security - Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
Skills for Concrete Finishing/Concrete Finisher Majors
When studying concrete finishing/concrete finisher, you'll learn many skills that will help you be successful in a wide range of jobs - even those that do not require a degree in the field. The following is a list of some of the most common skills needed for careers associated with this major:
Coordination - Adjusting actions in relation to others' actions.
Monitoring - Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action.
Time Management - Managing one's own time and the time of others.
Abilities for Concrete Finishing/Concrete Finisher Majors
Some of the most crucial abilities to master while a concrete finishing/concrete finisher student include the following:
Information Ordering - The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations).
What Can You Do With a Concrete Finishing Major?
Below is a list of occupations associated with concrete finishing/concrete finisher:
Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers 12.6% $43,000
First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers 12.6% $65,230
Solar Energy Installation Managers 12.6% $65,230
Who Is Getting an Associate's Degree in Concrete Finishing?
9 Associate's Degrees Annually
0% Percent Racial-Ethnic Minorities*
At the countrywide level, the racial-ethnic distribution of concrete finishing/concrete finisher majors is as follows:
Hispanic or Latino 0
Other Races/Ethnicities 1
How Much Do Concrete Finishing Majors Make?
Average salaries range from $47,350 to $70,540 (25th to 75th percentile) for careers related to concrete finishing/concrete finisher. This range includes all degree levels, so the salary for a person with just a bachelor's degree may be a little less and the one for a person with an advanced degree may be a little more.
Median Salary for a Concrete Finishing Major ( 47350 to 70540 )
Amount of Education Required for Careers Related to Concrete Finishing
Some degrees associated with concrete finishing/concrete finisher may require an advanced degree, while others may not even require a bachelor's in the field. Whatever the case may be, pursuing more education usually means that more career options will be available to you.
How much schooling do you really need to compete in today's job market? People currently working in careers related to concrete finishing/concrete finisher have obtained the following education levels.
Less than a High School Diploma 19.8%
Some College Courses 19.7%
Bachelor's Degree 1.5%
Master's Degree 1.1%
Online Concrete Finishing Programs
In the 2019-2020 academic year, 8 schools offered some type of concrete finishing/concrete finisher program. The following table lists the number of programs by degree level, along with how many schools offered online courses in the field.
Associate's Degree 2 0
Is a Degree in Concrete Finishing Worth It?
The median salary for a concrete finishing/concrete finisher grad is $47,350 per year. This is based on the weighted average of the most common careers associated with the major.
Trades Related to Concrete Finishing
You may also be interested in one of the following majors related to concrete finishing/concrete finisher.
Building/Property Maintenance 1,543
Building Construction Technology 1,279
Building/Construction Site Management/Manager 1,058
Other Building/Construction Finishing, Management, & Inspection 665
Building/Home/Construction Inspection/Inspector 255
Drywall Installation/Drywaller 68
Painting/Painter & Wall Coverer 48
Glazier 38
Roofer 15
Carpet, Floor, & Tile Worker 10
Insulator 0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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BHP to expand into "tougher jurisdictions" in search of battery metals – by Cecilia Jamasmie (Mining.com – October 8, 2021)
https://www.mining.com/
BHP (ASX, LON, NYSE: BHP) chief executive Mike Henry said the company is ready for a strategic shift out of its geographical, advanced-economies comfort zone into "tougher jurisdictions", as part of its plans to increase exposure to commodities such as copper and nickel, needed to power the energy transition.
Speaking at the Financial Times conference late on Thursday, the world's largest miner's CEO said he was confident the company could manage the risks of investing and operating in politically volatile countries.
"But of course, the size of the opportunity needs to be commensurate with the increased management effort that is going to be required to pursue opportunities in jurisdictions that we may not currently be operating in," Henry said.
His comments followed reports this week that BHP is looking at buying into a project in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Bloomberg reported the company is already holding talks with billionaire Robert Friedland's Ivanhoe Mines (TSE: IVN) over an exploration site adjacent to Ivanhoe's Kamoa-Kakula mine, known as Western Foreland.
For the rest of this article: https://www.mining.com/bhp-to-expand-into-tougher-jurisdictions-in-search-of-battery-metals/
Categories Africa Mining, Battery Technology Innovation/Electric Vehicles, BHP, Canadian Media Resource Articles, Copper, Nickel
Sudbury group encourages women in mining, 'shattering stereotypes' in the process (CBC News Sudbury – October 7, 2021)
Making Quebec a key accelerator of the global energy transition – by Patrick Bertrand-Daoust (Canadian Mining Journal – October 8, 2021)


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Movie Review: THE NUN (2018)
Shannon McGrew
THE NUN is the latest film from director Corin Hardy (The Hallow), written by Gary Dauberman (2017's IT), and is the latest chapter in the ongoing Conjuring Universe created by horror master, James Wan. The film stars Demián Bichir (Alien: Covenant), Taissa Farmiga (Final Girls, FX's American Horror Story), Jonas Bloquet (Elle), and Bonnie Aarons (The Conjurng 2).
The Nun, as a figure, has been an ominous presence ever since her first appearance in James Wan's The Conjuring 2. For me, I instantly became obsessed with her character and desperately wanted to know more. My prayers were answered (so to speak) when it was announced that the Nun would be getting her own spin-off film. For the past year I've been anxiously awaiting this moment, not just because I'm a huge fan of the character, but also because I'm a huge fan of the Conjuring Universe as a whole. This past Tuesday, I was lucky enough to attend the World Premiere of THE NUN and though I was overwhelmed with excitement I tried to keep my expectations in check.
Set in Romania in the early 1950's, the film centers around Sister Irene (Taissa Farmiga), a young woman on the brink of taking her final vows to become a nun, and Father Burke (Demián Bichir), a troubled priest with a past, who have been sent by the Vatican to investigate a cloistered abbey after a nun was found to have committed suicide. With the help of a local Frenchman (Jonas Bloquet), they uncover something much more sinister and unholy at play. With their lives on the line and their faith tested, they must confront a malevolent force, a demonic entity that has taken the form of a Nun, resulting in a battle between the living and the damned. Welcome to the darkest chapter in The Conjuring Universe.
As I mentioned above, I had been anxiously awaiting THE NUN and now that I've seen the film twice I have a lot to say on the matter. First and foremost, we must talk about the presentation of the film. THE NUN is hands down the most visually stunning of all the films in the Conjuringfranchise. The majority of the movie takes place inside of a neglected castle in Romania and is absolutely breathtaking. The castle itself is almost a character within the film, as it's the perfect backdrop to the religious horror that soon unfolds. Along with the castle, the production design was absolutely exquisite and whoever was responsible for the set design deserves a god damn award because it conveyed perfectly the feeling of ominous terror. Religious iconography, especially the uses of crosses, play a major part in the design of the film, and though some of you might think that would bring about comfort, I'm here to tell you it doesn't. Whether it's the hallways filled from floor to ceiling with crosses, or the barrier of crosses that surround the castle, there is something incredibly unsettling about their placement and meaning. Without a doubt, the atmosphere and the design of the film as a whole, are some of the best aspects of THE NUN. I would urge any and all of you to see this movie on the big screen to really appreciate the amount of time, detail, and visual artistry that went into the making of the film.
Jonas Bloquet as Frenchie in New Line Cinema's horror film THE NUN, a Warner Bros. Pictures release. | Photo: Credit: Justin Lubin
Before I continue, I want to bring up the one issue I had with the film which has to do with the writing. I'm a huge fan of Gary Dauberman as he's written some of my favorite horror films as of recent which include 2017's IT and Annabelle: Creations. Going into this film I had total trust in Dauberman's writing but I found, after watching the film, that something was off. I've been thinking about it a lot since viewing the movie and I haven't been able to properly put my finger on it, but for whatever reason, the writing didn't consistently engage me nor did it flow with the incredible visuals and atmospheric tone that was presented in the film. I would agree that THE NUN is the darkest film in the Conjuring Universe, but I really wish that the powers-that-be had pushed THE NUN to its full capability. I felt as though there were instances of missed opportunities, especially since the film was given an R-rating. I'm not saying that I wanted more cursing or gore to be at the forefront, but what I am saying is that I wanted this film to be as commanding it its "evil" presentation without having to rely on corny jokes and dialogue to appeal to the masses. I think those instances took away from how impactful this film could have really been to not only the Conjuring Universe but to the horror genre in general.
In regards to the acting and directing, it was quite noticeable that Corin Hardy brought along his visual standards from his previous work on The Hallow. I love how he used different techniques to set up the scares and didn't solely rely on jump scares to set the mood of uneasiness and terror. As for the acting, everyone did wonderful with what they were given, but the shining stars were definitely Bonnie Aarons, who portrayed the Nun, and Jonas Bloquet, who portrays Frenchie. Bonnie Aarons is absolutely terrifying as The Nun and she doesn't disappoint when her moment to shine comes along. Jonas Bloquet's character was a mixture of comic relief/hero and even though he had some heavyweights to compete with one screen, he actually ended up stealing the show for me. I also appreciated how much religion played into the film in subtle ways outside of the obvious Catholic practices. One of my favorite scenes has to do with The Nun herself walking on water which is a direct parallel of Jesus walking on water. I'll be honest, the horror subgenre of religion is my favorite and THE NUN hit a lot of the notes I look for when it comes to that particular subgenre.
Even with some of the writing issues, I still really enjoyed THE NUN. It's not my favorite in the series but it definitely wasn't my least favorite, I just wished it leaned more on being darker and more evil. As a massive fan of the Conjuring Universe I loved the little Easter Eggs that were planted throughout, so make sure you look for a certain photograph reminiscent of one that was in Annabelle: Creations, and if you are a fan like I am, then you are going to shriek with delight at the ending and how they tie this film in with the rest of the franchise. All in all, THE NUN is a worthy entry into the Conjuring Universe and is easily the most visually arresting of all the films. A part of me hopes that an Unrated version is released when the home video comes out but even without that there is still a lot to love with this film.
THE NUN opens in theaters September 6th from New Line Cinema and Warner Bros. Pictures.
Bonnie Aarons as The Nun in New Line Cinema's THE NUN, a Warner Bros. Pictures release. | Photo Credit: Martin Maguire
Founder/Editor-in-Chief at Nightmarish Conjurings
Shannon is the Founder of Nightmarish Conjurings and a lover of all things horror and haunt related. When she's not obsessively collecting all things "Trick 'R Treat" related, or trying to convince everyone that "Hereditary" is one of the greatest horror films ever made, you can find her designing interiors for commercial restaurants. An avid haunt fan, Shannon spends the entire year visiting haunts and immersive experiences throughout the Southern California area and hopes to one day design her own haunted attraction.
Latest posts by Shannon McGrew (see all)
[News] Christopher Smith's THE BANISHING Arrives This March - January 14, 2021
[Series Review] WANDAVISION - January 14, 2021
[Article] What We Learned About Marvel Studios' WANDAVISION - January 13, 2021
Shannon is the Founder of Nightmarish Conjurings and a lover of all things horror and haunt related. When she's not obsessively collecting all things "Trick 'R Treat" related, or trying to convince everyone that "Hereditary" is one of the greatest horror films ever made, you can find her designing interiors for commercial restaurants. An avid haunt fan, Shannon spends the entire year visiting haunts and immersive experiences throughout the Southern California area and hopes to one day design her own haunted attraction.
bonnieaarons corinhardy demianbichir demonic demonicentity horror horrormovie jameswan jonasbloquet newlinecinema nightmarishconjurings nuns reviews romania shannonmcgrew taissafarmiga theconjuringuniverse thenun thenunmovie warnerbrospictures Movie Reviews
Movie Review: SICK FOR TOYS (2018)
Movie Review: THE INCANTATION (2018)
[Movie Review] HUNTED
[Blu-ray/DVD Review] SPELL
[Movie Review] GO/DON'T GO
[Movie Review] CURSE OF AURORE
[Movie Review] BRIGHT HILL ROAD


Google Paying to Have Ads Whitelisted on AdBlock Plus?
Google is reportedly paying browser extension Adblock Plus (and their parent company Eyeo) in order to ensure that their ads are displayed to those who are using the extension, by being included on their "whitelist" of allowable online advertising.
Twitter has stepped-up a gear in its efforts to draw revenue from its growing user base Asia, by securing an exclusive deal with its first advertising partner, Komli Media, to sell its promoted products in the region.


Karl Lagerfeld (born September 10, 1933 in Hamburg) is a fashion designer, artist and photographer based in Paris. Here we have another super talent performing at his best at the age of 78!!!! All his pictures that I am blogging today are from 2011/2012 campaigns. You can be a great photographer as long as you live, I hope. Think about Irving Penn, George Hurell, Richard Avedon, etc.
Couture Candice – Karl Lagerfeld captures Candice Swanepoel in stunning fall 2011 haute couture garments for the October issue of Harper's Bazaar US. Styled by Andrew Richardson, Candice is diva glam in the designs of Chanel, Givenchy and Atelier Versace haute couture. Hair by Sam McKnight and makeup by Val Garland complete the sumptuous black and white image.
Statuesque Resort – The Fendi resort 2012 campaign taps Natasha Poly for ultra-bright images starring the Russian beauty with classic statues and mid-length skirts. Photographed by Karl Lagerfeld, Natasha sports a messy up-do and chunky heels with a casual elegance.
Princess Vanessa – Actress Vanessa Paradis teams up with Karl Lagerfeld for the July 2011 issue of Tatler Russia. The French beauty wanders around Versailles Palace in the delicate and elegant designs of Chanel, bringing an echo of Marie Antoinette style back to the court.
Fendi Fall 2011 Campaign ~ Muse Like – Another season, another Fendi campaign starring Anja Rubik lensed by Karl Lagerfeld. For autumn, Anja goes brunette as she plays a muse for male model Brad Kroenig. The collections mishmash of furs, tweed and knits go on display in a studio setting where Anja is as elegant as ever in languid poses.


Some people may not know that Vinegar is considered to be one of the greatest remedies when it comes to heal wounds. In fact, Hippocrates, the famous Greek physician encouraged the use of vinegar to tread digestive diseases and all sorts of health issues. Even though Hippocrates didn"t knew exactly the compounds of this oil, nowadays, research has proven the multiple Health Benefits of Apple Cider Vinegar. In fact, health specialists from all around the world recommend the use of vinegar in our daily routines to keep ourselves healthy.
Antioxidant: Apple Cider Vinegar helps you to detox yourself from unhealthy toxins and it"s negative effect on your body.
Antimicrobial: Apple Cider Vinegar helps you to prevent your body from the action of microbes and, if already affected, it attacks microbes.
Improvement of your lipid profiles: It is well known that a diet to lower bad cholesterol levels has Apple Cider Vinegar as one of its main compounds. This is due to the fact that it reduces your cholesterol levels in as much as eight weeks.
Helps you to maintain a healthy weight: When added to food, this oil helps to reduce the sugar in everyday foods.


It pays to be aware of these clashes of culture, not only to head off any potential problems but to celebrate your differences too. You can now meet that special someone whatever the age, religion or personal trait you are interested in. It's perhaps best not to advertize the fact you're looking for a particular race or ethnicity, since this increases your chances of encountering this wrong set of people.
Search through our black personals, dating website in malaysia check out their profiles and browse photos of single black men and women and find that perfect match. It's fair to say that our interracial dating community represents the enlightened majority in American society. Find your compatible singles right away and start your local dating adventure.
You can also spend your extra time reading through interracial dating articles and trending news. But there are parts of the country - and certainly around the world - where the stigma is still rife and keenly felt by those in an interracial relationship. So, don't wait any longer. In the biggest, most liberal cities, stigma is hardly a problem at all.
We love the idea that relationships go beyond race and we value the uniqueness of each and every one of our members. Create your profile for free and start browsing through profiles.
We make black and white dating easy. Black singles and white singles - that's what we do. Meeting interesting black or white singles offline though is even harder. Because anyone who's experienced black and white dating will know that the problems interracial couples face are seldom with each other.


Tickets are on sale now for the Greeley Stampede SuperStars Concert Series.
Call 970-356-7787 or visit the Stampede Ticket Office in Island Grove Park at 600 North 14thAvenue, Greeley, CO 80631, open Monday through Friday from 10am-4pm. The Greeley Stampede office will be closed for the holidays from December 24 – January 1.
Tickets to the Faith and Family Night concert featuring 2-time GRAMMY award winning duo, for KING & COUNTRY, are also available. Prices for KING & COUNTRY will increase the first day of the 2019 event, June 26, by $5. Guests can "Stampede Size" the SuperStars Concert Package by adding the for KING & COUNTRY concert for a discounted rate of only $20 or $30 (price depends on seat location and must be purchased at time of order to receive discount).
You can purchase tickets for the PRCA Pro Rodeo Series, Demolition Derby, PRCA Xtreme Bulls, American Bull Fighting and season carnival passes as well. Tickets for arena events, including rodeos and demolition derby, will increase $5 the first day of the 2019 event, June 26th.


text:
Kristin K. Devold (born 2 October 1939) is a Norwegian politician for the Conservative Party.

She served as a deputy representative to the Norwegian Parliament from Møre og Romsdal during the term 1989–1993. In total she met during 27 days of parliamentary session.

References

1939 births
Living people
Deputy members of the Storting
Conservative Party (Norway) politicians
Møre og Romsdal politicians
Women members of the Storting
Place of birth missing (living people)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Monday 24 Oct 2022 @ 15:43
NHS turbocharges efforts to end new cases of HIV with drug deals
The NHS in England is on course to become the first country in the world to stop new cases of HIV before 2030, by offering a full armoury of HIV-busting drugs.
Thanks to a series of national deals struck by the NHS, 87,000 people currently being treated for HIV and 61,000 people receiving preventative treatment, will be able to receive the latest HIV drugs, wherever they are in England – with the benefit of improving treatment and reducing transmissions.
This includes the first long-acting injection for HIV, cabotegravir and rilpivirine, which can take the place of daily tablets and with less frequent doses required in eligible patients.
This comes as the NHS this week also approved fostemsavir for multi-drug resistant HIV infections. This the first oral drug to be licensed specifically for people with HIV who have limited treatment options due to tolerance, resistance or safety concerns.
The aim of HIV treatment is to keep the number of virus particles in the blood, known as the viral load, so low that it cannot be detected, meaning it is no longer attacking the immune system.
The effectiveness of these HIV drugs mean that there is virtually no chance that anyone taking treatment consistently can transmit HIV, helping the NHS to become the first healthcare system in the world to reach zero new cases of the virus.
While, highly effective drugs, called pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), can prevent HIV-negative people from getting the virus from people with untreated or undiagnosed HIV.
These trailblazing new national deals will put the NHS in England at the forefront of the fight against the virus.
Professor Sir Stephen Powis, national NHS medical director yesterday said:
"We now have a genuine chance of achieving no new HIV infections, thanks to the unparalleled efforts of NHS staff and our ability to get effective drugs into the hands of the people who stand to benefit.
"The health service has a proven track record of striking medicines agreements that give patients access to world-leading care at a price that offers the best value for taxpayers.
"This new, national agreement for HIV drugs, along with better testing, diagnosis and support are spearheading the NHS' fight against the virus by giving more people the treatment they need to stop its spread."
HIV is a virus that damages the cells in the immune system and weakens the ability to fight everyday infections and disease, which can result in serious illness and even death, if left untreated.
People who suspect that they have been exposed to HIV within the past 72 hours, can also reduce their risk of getting HIV by taking a treatment called post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP).
Thanks to effective NHS treatment of people with HIV, and better access to preventative drugs PrEP and PEP, transmissions have reduced by 34% between 2014 and 2019.
Blake Dark, NHS commercial medicines director, yesterday said:
"By providing access to this range of HIV drugs across the country, the NHS will help to prevent thousands of people from contracting HIV and getting seriously ill. It gives us a very real opportunity to be the first nation in the world to reach zero new HIV transmissions by the end of this decade."
Dr Laura Waters, Consultant Physician, HIV lead Central North West London, Chair of the British HIV Association (BHIVA), yesterday said:
"Ensuring all people with or at risk of HIV have open and equitable access to the best possible options for treatment and prevention is a crucial step to realising the achievable ambition of zero new HIV transmissions. NHS England has ensured that everyone can be offered the drugs most suitable for them in line with national guidelines from BHIVA and the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV."
The national commercial agreement for HIV treatment and preventative drugs builds on NHS England's approach to Hepatitis C elimination, which saw a unique agreement with a number of pharmaceutical companies to make curative hepatitis C drugs available to everyone who needs them on the NHS.
As a result of the world-first deal, there has been a dramatic fall in the number of people living with hepatitis C, which has been cut by nearly 40% since 2015. The NHS has also cut the number of liver transplants needed as a result of hep C by over half since 2015 and reduced hep C related deaths by nearly 40% over the same period. This means the NHS in England is on track to eliminate hepatitis C as a major public health threat in England before the global goal of 2030.
Other far-reaching NHS medicines deals that have transformed patient outcomes include for those with cystic fibrosis, with nine in 10 people with the condition – more than 7,000 people in England – now benefiting from a treatment that tackles the underlying causes of the disease, including the triple therapy, Kaftrio.
Channel website: https://www.england.nhs.uk/
Original article link: https://www.england.nhs.uk/2022/10/nhs-turbocharges-efforts-to-end-new-cases-of-hiv-with-drug-deals/
Handover delays fall despite increase in patients being taken to A&E by ambulance
Ambulance waits outside A&E reduced despite thousands more people being taken to hospital last week and continued pressures across the NHS, new figures show today.
NHS issues final call to come forward for COVID booster
The NHS is encouraging people to come forward for their COVID booster before the offer, part of the biggest and most successful programme in health history, ends next month.
NHS urges women to book a cervical screening as a third don't take up vital offer
The NHS has issued a call for anyone eligible for cervical screening to come forward for a potentially life-saving appointment, with nearly a third, around 4.6 million, not taking up their latest test.
Mental health services boosted by £150 million government funding
£150 million will be used to build 150 new facilities to support mental health urgent and emergency care services
NHS pressure continues as hospitals deal with high bed occupancy
Hospitals remain under significant pressure with bed occupancy at the second highest level recorded this winter last week, new figures show today.
Cold weather alert: level 3 – cold weather action
There is a 90% probability of severe cold weather and icy conditions between 9am on Wednesday 18 January and 9am on Monday 23 January in parts of England.
NHS reminds patients to attend appointments and seek urgent care as needed during latest strike
The NHS is asking patients to seek urgent care if they need it during industrial action this week and continue to attend appointments as planned unless contacted to rearrange.
NHS delivers 20 million flu jabs as critical care cases rise
More than 20 million people in England have had their flu jabs as the number of patients in critical care with the virus hits its highest yet this winter, new NHS figures show today.
NHS cuts waiting lists as A&E departments busier than ever before
The NHS waiting list has fallen for the first time since the start of the pandemic while hospitals dealt with the highest ever number of A&E attendances last month, new figures show today.
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Tasting note: Powerful, lifted aromas of aniseed, cumin and hints of orange zest on the nose. A sweet liqueur, filling the mouth with flavours of caraway and white pepper. Liquorice notes linger on the finish, striking a great balance of sweetness and spice. Serve ice cold as an aperitif, to end a meal, or as an ingredient in cocktails.


Belden's new OpenBAT range from Hirschmann™ is the first modular system to enable industry-standard WLAN access points and clients to be configured via the internet.
Belden's new OpenBAT range from Hirschmann is the first modular system to enable industry-standard WLAN access points and clients to be configured via the internet. This range, comprising the BAT-R (IP20) and BAT-F (IP67) series, supports the IEEE 802.11n transmission standard, which facilitates data speeds of up to 450Mbps in both the 5GHz and the 2.4GHz bands. Both series are based on entirely new hardware and also have a powerful HiLCOS operating system with extensive management, security and quality of service functions plus layer 3 IP routing. The number of wireless modules and Ethernet LAN ports can be configured individually, as can the power delivery concept. This also applies to the over a dozen certificates that qualify these access points and clients for use in, for example, the power supply industry, the gas and oil sector or rail transportation. They can be used to set up fast and stable infrastructure and meshed networks plus wireless distribution systems (WDS) or point-to-point connections. Several thousand different designs can be configured using these OpenBAT devices. The range, expected to be launched in Spring 2012, thus allows tailored solutions with an optimal price-performance ratio.
The core component of this new hardware is a patented wireless module specifically designed for applications in industrial environments, with integrated ESD protection and bandpass filters. MIMO technology (Multiple Input Multiple Output) ensures a stable wireless connection even in the presence of reflections or other forms of interference. Fast roaming guarantees uninterrupted connections when transferring from one radio cell to another.
The CPU platform facilitates a LAN connection via Gigabit Ethernet. The access points und clients also possess potential-free contacts as well as one V.24 and one USB interface that can be used for analog or DSL modem connections for WAN routing or remote maintenance. All combinations operate at temperatures in the range -40°C to +70°C and also fulfil stringent demands as regards shock and vibration resistance.
The access points and clients can be equipped with one or two wireless modules as desired. The LAN connections can also be configured with one or two ports and these can be used for twisted pair cables or SFP transceivers. A choice of redundant power packs for 24/48 VDC, 60/120/250 VDC or 110/230 VAC is available.
The HiLCOS operating system can be used to manage all members of the OpenBAT range via web interface, Telnet, TFTP, FTP or SNMP V2. High network availability is provided by the rapid spanning tree protocol. Among other features, the quality-of-service functions specified by IEEE 802.11e allow the prioritization of voice or video streams. An integrated IP router can be used to construct up to eight sub-networks.
The access points and clients support all encryption and authentication methods compliant with IEEE 802.11i and 802.1x/EAP as well as WEP, WPA, WPA2, TKIP, AES and LEPS, and there are also WLAN port and protocol filters, a radius server, and a firewall equipped with intrusion detection. Rogue AP detection is also available via background scanning and WLAN monitor.
The devices in the BAT-R series have robust metal housings and are designed to be mounted on DIN rails. The units in the BAT-F range were developed for field applications. They too have robust metal housings that are additionally salt spray resistant. Thanks to their Nema and UL certification and robust M12 connectors they can be installed on walls or poles both indoors and out.