IN THE RED AND BROWN WATER. Written by Tarell Alvin McCraney; directed by Dee Covington. Produced by Curious Theatre Company (1080 Acoma St., Denver) through April 18. Tickets available at 303-623-0524 or at www.curioustheatre.org.
A lonesome, rundown shack set on poles above the water of the bayou. A road runs in front leading both back to the house and, more elusively, away from the house and out into the world. In the fictional Louisiana neighborhood of San Pere, the small community's inhabitants spend their days thinking of ways to get down the "away" side of the road.
The people in the cast are named for characters in Yoruba storytelling traditions. For instance, Oya (Kristen Adele) is the embodiment of the wind and turbulence. The first time we meet her, she is borne in aloft by the men of the village, arriving like bird from the heavens. Her gift and her ticket out of the poverty of San Pere is her speed, the running ability that moves her like the wind. Yemoja, the Earth Mother, is called Mama Moja (Jada Suzanne Dixon) and is Oya's mother. The good boy and the bad boy always play parts in myth. In Yoruba, they are Ogun (Cajardo Lindsey), who loves Oya as a quiet, faithful, hardworking man, and Shango (Theo Wilson). The bad boy who is always so appealing in spite of our wiser selves, Shango seduces Oya with his blatant sexuality.
Oya's only chance to find another way of life and flee the village is sacrificed when she chooses to stay in San Pere and take care of Mama Moha when she grows ill. Her life then becomes tangled in the density of village life; she remains of it yet literally lives above it, aloof and isolated.
The cast as a whole moves with a languid grace, creating an atmosphere of tropical heat and stultifying sameness. They seem to seek out trouble just to break the boredom. This is the first in a trilogy of plays called "the Brother/Sister plays," about the inhabitants of this village and their lives. The second play, THE BROTHERS SIZE, will be given a short revival this summer for those of us who missed it the first time around at Curious. The third in the trilogy, MARCUS OR THE SECRET OF SWEET, will be produced as part of the 2015-16 season at Curious, allowing the Denver audience to see the series in sequence.
Each member of the cast contributes to the whole of the story. Kristen Adele as Oya provides the strong focal point upon which the story is built. Both her strengths and her weaknesses (especially as involves Shango) provide purpose and movement for the other people in the story. Theo Wilson as Shango is the good-looking snake that all the women covet. His confident "Hey, it is what it is" attitude proves hard to resist. Cajardo Lindsey, who can do no wrong in my book, plays the gentle Ogun with a hangdog expression and a quiet love that makes the audience question Oya's choices. It will be fun to see how this Size Brother changes during the second play. Damion Hoover as Elegba, Oya's friend and "little brother," brings a quick smile and a mischievous wink wherever he goes as he slips in and out of the shadows.
Sound designer Jason Ducat has put together an appealing soundtrack for this production, featuring prison chants and a jubilant urban dance sequence.


text:
'use strict';

// MODULES //

var copy = require( '@stdlib/utils/copy' );
var data = require( './../data/data.json' );

// MAIN //

/**
* Returns an emoji database.
*
* @returns {ObjectArray} emoji database
*
* @example
* var data = emoji();
* // returns [ {...}, ... ]
*/
function emoji() {
	return copy( data );
}

// EXPORTS //

module.exports = emoji;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The movie V for Vendetta has provoked public discussion of the meaning of anarchism. Murray Rothbard was an advocate of the stateless society, but he was never accepted by the anarchist movement and is still considered more a "capitalist lackey" than anarchist thinker. Indeed, anarcho-capitalism has always been considered an oxymoron by the self-proclaimed "true" anarchists.
Part of the reason is a general inability to understand different uses and definitions of words in the classical socialist and liberal traditions. Socialists refer to "capitalism" as the system in which the state hands out and protects capitalists' privileges — and therefore oppression of labor workers. They don't see that capitalism, in the classical liberal tradition, means rather a free market based on free people, i.e., voluntary exchanges of value between free individuals.
A deeper and more interesting reason is anarchism's socialist roots. As shown in, e.g., the Anarchist FAQ, most — if not all — historical anarchist thinkers were proud to announce their ideas belonged to the progressive socialist tradition. The "founding father" of anarchism, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, was socialist; American 19th century individualist anarchists often claimed to be socialists; and the Russian communist anarchists Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin were obviously socialists.
It would be futile to claim the anarchist tradition is not originally and mostly socialist and that is not the point of this essay. I do not refute socialism's importance to anarchism in theory nor in practice, but I will show how the definition of "socialism" is too rigid and statist, as opposed to what anarchists generally claim, and it seems to be based on an unfortunate misunderstanding of man and the market. The main problem is the socialist anarchists' refusal to think anew when new facts have been revealed.
Peter Kropotkin, the famous late 19th- and early 20th-century Russian communist anarchist, stated that there are essentially two kinds of socialism: statist socialism and anarchism. The difference between the two is that statist socialism wishes to take control of the state and use it to enforce socialism, whereas [socialist] anarchism wishes to abolish the state and thereby the oppressive capitalist economic system. Kropotkin's distinction solves quite a few inherent contradictions and problems in statist socialism, such as enforcing equality through letting a few rule the many via the state.
But some of the problems persist in the anarchist version of socialism. The problems arise due to the fact that socialists generally tend to have a static view of society, which makes them totally ignorant of how things change over time. Socialists would probably not admit this is the case, since they do know that things have been changing through the course of history (Karl Marx said so) and that things never seem to stay the same. But still they argue as if "ceteris paribus" is the divine principle of reality, and it is not.
This important piece of information about how the market works (that is, how people function) means a person usually prefers having a value now to having the same value some time in the future. This has nothing to do with earning interest on investments, but is rather a natural part of what it means to be a rational being (one would do better with a certain amount of food now than with that same amount food a week from now). Without knowledge about this (or even without time preference per se), calculating what "will be" on the market would be a whole lot easier (but totally wrong).
Kropotkin defines this kind of socialism as "an effort to abolish the exploitation of Labour by Capital,"1 and Benjamin Tucker says "the bottom claim of Socialism [is] that labour should be put in possession of its own."2 Well, that doesn't sound that bad. Another way of saying the same thing would be that every individual has a natural right to that which he produces, and that it is a violation of his natural rights to forcefully remove this product of his labor from his hands.
Whether you call it natural rights or not, this is the essence and common theoretical basis for how value is generated in both classical liberalism and Marxism. Whenever an individual invests his time, skill, and effort into trying to achieve a value, he creates value and is as its creator the rightful owner of that value. It is hard to argue the individual is not the rightful owner of his labor; John Locke even went so far as to call labor the "unquestionable property of the labourer." If the individual doing the work does not own his labor, then who does?
The difference between classical socialism and liberalism is not in the definition of ownership or how it arises, but in its meaning. Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, even though he is famous for stating "property is theft" (meaning property privileges causing exploitative conditions), also stated that "property is freedom" in the sense that man is only free when he is the sole owner of that which is in his possession and that which he creates. What he was referring to is wage labor being exploitation of the labor worker by the privileged capitalist.
Another way of saying this is that surplus value is released for the managers and owners of industry through paying labor workers only part of their labor input. In this static view of how the world works under the capitalist economic system, employment sure is usury and "wage slavery." I can't argue with that, and I will not argue with the identification of many historical and contemporary employment schemes being de facto usury due to privileges handed out to capitalists by the political class.
The analysis, however, is fundamentally wrong, and it is so simply because socialists don't understand time preference. It is of value (but not necessarily monetary value) to many a worker frequently to receive a fixed amount of pay for invested labor instead of taking the risks of producing, marketing, and selling a product in the market place (even if the enterprise is not carried out individually but in cooperation with other workers).
It is also true in reverse: the "capitalist" values money now more than money later; thus, profits at a later time need to be greater than labor costs now to "break even." The point here is that if a worker would voluntarily choose between multiple different alternatives there is reason to believe employment is sometimes (or, in perhaps often) an attractive choice.
A subjective value does not necessarily mean a certain amount of money is compared to another amount. Values are subjective in the sense that something of value means you consider yourself being better off with it than without it. This has nothing to do with amounts of monetary units or comparing apples with apples; subjective value is the individual assessment of something as compared with the same individual's assessment of the alternatives. Values are subjective in the sense that the individual alone makes the assessment and makes it according to his or her individual preferential hierarchy. Thus, subjective value does not depend on what is being valued, but rather on how it is perceived!
Therefore, a laborer's analysis of whether employment is beneficial does not only involve the monetary value of invested labor and received payment, but also everything else he values. Employment could be of great value to a risk aversive individual, since the risk of losing money is very low, whereas the same deal for someone else, who perhaps gets a kick out of taking risk, is nothing but outright slavery. People are different.
The fact that "there are only individuals" is also a great argument for anarchism. There cannot be a single system forced on any two individuals without it fitting one individual better than the other, and thus such a system would create legal inequalities (and therefore be oppressive). Also, since there are only individuals there is no reason to believe some individuals should have the power to rule other individuals. If there are only individuals, all of them should be sovereign self-owners and enjoy an equal full right to their selves.
But this fact means also that people are different and that some people will value certain things while other people value completely different things. Some people will have high time preference for certain values, while others will have low time preference. Some people will be able to use their time and skill to create a lot of value to others (assessed subjectively), while others create value only recognized by a few. And individual choices will always be individual choices, the decisions made depending on the individual's subjective assessment of values he chooses to identify.
The same is true with the famous Marxian credo, usually advocated also by socialist anarchists, that the laborer is free only when he has taken ownership of the means of production. But how can we say a certain kind of profession or "class" shares the exact same values? That necessarily presupposes an extreme class consciousness, where individuals no longer exist. If "class consciousness" is instead interpreted rather as a sense of class belonging and unity in certain values, time preference and subjectivity of values would still apply!
A free-market anarchist can embrace many of the socialist-anarchist goals, such as equality in the right to self, one's labor, and any fruits thereof. We can support the socialist anarchist goal to abolish the state as an inherently evil institution forcing individuals to relinquish that which is theirs by natural right. But we also see the shortcomings of socialism as currently defined; time preference is a fundamental piece of information on how people, and therefore the market and society, function.
It is not unlikely some people will choose to accumulate wealth (to whatever degree possible without the existence of state privileges) while others will eagerly spend what they earn on entertainment or engage in conspicuous consumption. The choice should be the individual's and there is no way we can say it is "right" or "wrong" — it is for the individual to decide.
Thus, if we truly believe in the individual as a self-owner and sovereign we shouldn't claim to know what he or she will (or should) choose, and we cannot say what he or she will not choose. In a society of only free individuals, all of them will be equal in their right to self and thus we cannot tell people they cannot trade their labor in the future for value now. They will do what they perceive to be in their interest, and I will do what I perceive to be in mine, and what is in our interests personally or mutually is for us to decide individually.
*About the author: Per Bylund, PhD, is a Fellow of the Mises Institute and Assistant Professor of Entrepreneurship & Records-Johnston Professor of Free Enterprise in the School of Entrepreneurship in the Spears School of Business at Oklahoma State University, and an Associate Fellow of the Ratio Institute in Stockholm.
It's so strange to see the same old Mises Institute still spouting the same old ridiculous talking points after they've been thoroughly addressed and debunked for decades. No one (of any consequence) takes this garbage seriously anymore, and it's a wonder that anyone ever did.
Anyone interested in socialism and anarchism should watch 'Seattle Is Dying', a recent documentary film made by KOMO 4 that shows how drugs, homelessness, and lawlessness have devastated Seattle. The 'Emerald City' has been a paradise for liberals and socialists for years, and this is the sad consequence. Drug addicts keep coming because 'Free-attle' provides too much free stuff, including 'police-free streets' (i.e. lack of authority and law enforcement).
How mature are 'sovereign individuals'? How much can they afford to deal with? What we need is a balanced society that takes the common good as its best interest. Avoid a dichotomous think because what is inherent in it is the inability to see the world and our environment as a continuum of variables and shades of color.


text:
module Eval2 where

import Control.Monad
import Data.IORef
import Reader

type Value = IORef Int
type Eval  = ReaderT (Value,Value) IO

ask1 :: Eval Value
ask1 = liftM fst ask

ask2 :: Eval Value
ask2 = liftM snd ask

runEval :: Eval void -> IO Int
runEval m = do
    ref <- newIORef 0
    runReaderT m (ref,ref)
    readIORef ref


text:
Q: Google OAuth - Is it possible to create an IP whitelist? I'm using a Google Login component in my website that calls Google OAuth API. Is it possible to somehow define an IP whitelist together with the domains whitelist?
The expected result is that even if someone successfully identifies with a whitelisted-domain google account, it will still be rejected if their IP isn't whitelisted

A: When a domain is used on the consent screen or in an OAuth client's configuration, it must be pre-registered. If your app needs to go through verification, up need to the Google Search Console to check if your domains are authorized.
Domains used for a redirect uri when the app is set to production must also be verified domains.
You cant set a domain as an ip address and you wont be able to set your redirect uri as an ip address either.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
1971 Ford Mustang Boss 351
39,051 miles, #s match, 996/1000 points!
Mustang Boss 351
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138
This is a genuine, very well documented, #s matching Boss 351. It's been meticulously restored and it's one of the nicest ones I've seen. 39000 original miles, owner history since 1978. This was somebody's baby, he spent a thousand hours meticulously restoring the car to look and function like new, actually better! Has it's original door and buck tags. Original window sticker and a Marti report. Listed in Boss registry. Just scored 996 points out of 1000 at MCACN.
EXTERIOR: Refinished in it's factory color- pewter silver which was the most popular color on the Boss. It is laser straight. No rust, the body panels fit beautifully. Repainted only once and that was back in the late 90s. Looks like it was painted yesterday! The paint is a clear coat finish polished like glass. Really, the fit and finish is outstanding. Decked out with the blacked out hood treatment, functional ram air scoops, hood pins. Has front and rear spoilers, sport mirrors, striping down each side. It rides on 15 inch reproduction Goodyear Polyglas GT tires and an original set of Magnum 500 wheels that are in mint condition. These are not reproduction wheels, has original stamps. The original glass is crystal clear. All the trim is straight and shiny, the bumpers look new. Rear tail panel is immaculate, taillights and gas cap look new. Door jambs are meticulously restored.
INTERIOR: Inside the car is pristine. The chrome trim sparkles on the instrument panel. The gauges, lenses, knobs are pristine. Rim blow steering wheel was professionally restored. Door panels were sent out and professionally restored. The upholstery is mint original, only the bottom covers were replaced. Carpet, console and headliner are mint. Sit in this car, everywhere you look will impress you down to the smallest detail. Even where you don't see, like the wiring under the dash and new insulation under the carpet. It features tilt wheel, console, tachometer and a working 8-track player. I will even throw in a Badfinger 8-track tape.
ENGINE COMPARTMENT: It has the vin numbers matching Boss 351. Rebuilt, balanced and blueprinted in 2004 by a famous NHRA record holding Ford engine builder. It has some internal upgrades including roller rockers, forged Ross pistons, stainless valves, hardened exhaust seats. The original parts are boxed up and included. Dyno tuned at 401 hp. Everything is detailed to concourse condition. Has all the right markings, stickers, hoses and clamps. The ram air system is complete including the heat riser snorkel tube and original rubber seal. Has the original rev limiter, the bolts have the correct cadmium finish, wiring looks new. Has period correct distributor that was recurved and has correct vacuum advance. Pony carbs restored the spread bore Autolite carb. The wiper motor has been restored. Has power steering cooler, power brakes. The buck tag is still attached. I can go on and on telling you how pristine this motor compartment is, really it's that nice.
TRUNK COMPARTMENT: Inside the trunk compartment is just as meticulous as the rest of the car. Perfectly clean metal with a really nice coat of grey and white spatter finish sprayed from a gun then clear coated. The tail light housings look like new. Has the collapsible spare with the jack and even the felt protector. Jamb is glossy, bottom of the trunk lid is the original paint and it's excellent. Weatherstrip is mint, I think it's an original.
UNDERSIDE: Bottom of the car is meticulously detailed. The undercoat was scraped off to the bare original, clean metal. Neatly painted a nice satin black. Every component is rebuilt, restored and detailed to factory specs with factory finishes. It has vin number match, rebuilt toploader 4-speed transmission. New Center Force clutch. Completely rebuilt 3.91 posi rear. The brake system was completely restored. Has disc in front, e-brake assembly is complete. Fuel system hass been completely restored. All of the suspension and steering components are restored. The bottom of this car is impressive.
I am super impressed with this car. Has a thorough history, it is meticulously detailed and functions incredibly well. This car has been closely examined by several experts and it checks out.
I, Jay Grams, take pride in personally writing the descriptions for virtually every car for about the last 30 years now. A significant amount of effort goes into fact checking. What I am offering is my professional impression of the vehicle.
Our salesmen are happy to assist with descriptions and making sure your questions are answered. One great suggestion is letting us do a walk around video that explains the car's condition in detail.
Don't be intimidated, contact sales now for a no pressure, no hassle experience!
815 385 3644 9-5 central
Sales@volocars.com Answered ASAP
3.91 posi
Polyglass tires
Magnum wheels
Rim blow horn
8-track stereo
Ram air
Original invoice
Marti report

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Prep: 1. Boil water for asparagus and eggs. 2. Mince garlic and tarragon. Make: 1. Place eggs in boiling water and boil for 10-12 minutes for hard boiled or 5-7 for soft. 2. Meanwhile, set asparagus in steamer over boiling water, covered, until just tender, 3 to 5 minutes (depending on thickness). 3. Whisk together vinegar, garlic, mustard, salt, and pepper in a small bowl and add oil slowly, whisking continuously. Add in tarragon. 4. Chop or halve eggs. 5. Toss asparagus with 1 tablespoon vinaigrette and divide among 4 plates. Spoon remaining dressing over asparagus and top with egg.


text:
Readers Realm
Chapter 1824 - Strong Legion
Chapter 1824: Strong Legion
Translator:Exodus Tales
Editor:Exodus Tales
Shortly after the ten Secret-Silver Transport Carriages being pulled by Lightning-horned Earth Dragons appeared on the streets of Star-Moon City, the sight quickly sent the entire city into an uproar.
The adventurer teams that made a living by delivering items were green with envy as they looked at the transport carriages.
Transport carriages might not seem particularly important in the game right now, as players could simply store items inside their bag spaces and teleport to other cities. However, as players reached higher levels, transport carriages would become increasingly relevant.
The number of items that could not be stored inside players' bag space would increase as players progressed further into the game. Such non-bag space items were extremely valuable, and the only way to transport them was via transport carriages.
Meanwhile, the adventurer teams could purchase only horse-drawn transport carriages. On the other hand, the Secret-Silver Transport Carriages had Great Lord ranked Lightning-horned Earth Dragons pulling them. There was simply no comparison between the two. Just the aura of the Earth Dragons was enough to scare away the mobs one would normally come across out in the fields. Not to mention, the transport carriage itself was like a huge house. One could easily imagine how many non-bag space items the transport carriage could store in such a huge transport carriage.
"As expected of Star-Moon Kingdom's number one Guild. I wonder when our adventurer team will be able to obtain a transport carriage like that?"
"That's right! If we have a transport carriage like that, we can earn over ten Gold per delivery trip."
The adventurer team members seated on the Advanced Transport Carriages parked along the streets cast covetous looks at the Lightning-horned Earth Dragons.
Currently, the minimum price in the delivery business for transporting a non-bag space item was 1 Silver Coin. The price scaled up depending on the distance traveled. Meanwhile, the adventurer team members estimated that the Secret-Silver Transport Carriage could carry over 100 non-bag space items. This assumption was because the Advanced Transport Carriages they owned were only the size of an ordinary horse carriage but could already carry a maximum of 60 non-bag space items. No matter how they looked at it, the house-sized transport carriages should be capable of transporting at least 100 non-bag space items.
Only Shi Feng knew that the value of the Secret-Silver Transport Carriage was actually not the slightest bit inferior to a Secret-Silver Speedboat.
The Secret-Silver Transport Carriage could carry 350 non-bag space items and 30,000 bag space items. The ten transport carriages lent to him this time were meant to convey the materials needed to carve special magic arrays. Each of these materials took up one non-bag space slot.
Moreover, in terms of speed, the Lightning-horned Earth Dragons were superior to even Dark-Gold Mounts.
While the players on the streets were talking about the Secret-Silver Transport Carriages, the Lightning-horned Earth Dragons took only a few seconds to disappear from everyone's sight as they galloped toward the city's main gate.
Although some members of large Guilds tried to follow Shi Feng and investigate his actions, their Mysterious-Iron Mounts could only eat the Earth Dragons' dust as they watched the Secret-Silver Transport Carriages disappear from view.
Sure enough, Secret-Silver Transport Carriages are really fast! If Zero Wing can acquire one, transporting Diamond Wood and Seven Luminaries Crystals on land would be a lot easier.Shi Feng could not help but be astonished as he looked at the scenery rapidly flashing by.
If a transport carriage possessed such speed, even robbing it would become a very tough proposition.
However, during his previous life, first-rate Guilds would be very fortunate if they could acquire even Bronze Transport Carriages, let alone Secret-Silver Transport Carriages.
After traveling for about half an hour, Shi Feng arrived at a crossroads. He then stopped the caravan and had all the NPCs stand guard.
Someone traveling from Star-Moon City to Silverwing Town on a Dark-Gold Mount wouldn't be able to complete the journey even after traveling continuously for five or six days. Not to mention, one would have to cross many high-level regions during the journey. Fortunately, he was only setting up a trade route, so he didn't need to travel its entire length.
All he had to do was connect some trade routes that previously were unconnected. By doing so, he would be able to bypass a few high-level regions and carve out a trade route to Silverwing Town that would come across monsters no higher than Level 80.
If this task were left to a first-timer, creating such a safe path without several days' worth of research would be impossible, due to a lack of familiarity with the existing trade routes of Star-Moon Kingdom.
Shi Feng, however, knew the trade routes present within the kingdom like the back of his hand. After all, back when he was serving as Shadow's Guild Leader, he had been the one responsible for setting up the majority of the trade routes owned by Shadow. Hence, he was well aware of which existing trade routes would get him from Star-Moon City to the borders of the Orc Empire safely and swiftly.
Shi Feng spent about ten minutes to carve out a magic array in the middle of the crossroads. When he activated the magic array, a blue ripple spread out from the magic array and stopped only after covering a 30,000-yard radius. The monsters close to the crossroads immediately started distancing themselves from it. After a short moment, a safe path was established between the route he currently stood on and a nearby trade route.
After completing this task, he led his caravan toward the nearest NPC town. He then used the teleportation array there to travel to another NPC town and continued connecting other independent trade routes.
Throughout his journey, he caused quite a commotion across the entire Star-Moon Kingdom. The various major powers based within the kingdom grew restless and confused at Shi Feng's actions, unable to figure out what Zero Wing was trying to do.
After running around for a day or so, Shi Feng successfully created a new trade route that connected Star-Moon City and the border between Star-Moon Kingdom and the Orc Empire.
For the remainder of the trade route, due to the absence of existing trade routes within the Orc Empire, Shi Feng had no choice but to create an entirely new one by himself.
When the various Guild players grinding and questing in the Orc Empire's outer area saw the Secret-Silver Transport Carriages approaching, they involuntarily gaped in shock.
Compared to the Lightning-horned Earth Dragons pulling the transport carriages, the Level 60 Orcs trying to stop the carriages were nothing more than jokes. The Earth Dragons sent every Orc that stood in their path flying with a single headbutt. In the end, the Lightning-horned Earth Dragons took only a brief moment to break through the blockade of several thousand Orcs.
Then, after reaching an empty section of the road, the convoy of carriages suddenly came to a halt. In the next moment, Level 70-plus Orcs and monsters appeared out of nowhere and charged at the cloaked man that just alighted from the lead carriage. The man was sporting a six-winged emblem.
As the Orcs and monsters closed in on the man, groups of NPCs got off the other carriages and took up a defensive formation. These NPCs were all Level 80 and above, and even the weakest among them was Tier 2. Despite facing an army of several thousand monsters, these NPCs remained steadfast as they defended the cloaked man. Meanwhile, the dozen or so Tier 3 NPCs fighting in the front lines sent groups of Lord ranked Orcs and monsters flying with a casual attack.
Among these NPCs was a golden-haired beauty that summoned a Great Lord ranked Golden Giant, which thoroughly suppressed the Great Lord ranked Orc leading the assault on the caravan. Meanwhile, every offensive Spell cast by the golden-haired beauty wrenched a cry of pain from the Great Lord ranked Orc, whose HP decreased rapidly.
The army of several thousand Orcs and monsters were utterly helpless against this 100-man team. The monsters couldn't even get within 30 yards of Shi Feng before dying at the NPCs' hands. The horrific scene made the spectating Guild players nearby shudder in fear.
Meanwhile, the spectating Guilds included the Blackwater Guild, which Shi Feng was very familiar with. Currently, there was a 1,000-man team from Blackwater present led by Singular Burial.
At this moment, however, Singular Burial no longer had a tyrannical air around him. After suffering consecutive defeats, he had lost all his corporate backing, which left him in an extremely awkward position in the Blackwater Guild. Now, he was only an inconspicuous Elder in Blackwater. Moreover, he was only Level 53 right now. He looked nothing like the almighty Guild Leader of Heaven's Burial.
"Who is that person? How is he able to control so many NPCs?"
"Wait a minute! Isn't that female NPC one of Black Flame's Personal Guards?"
"She is! That's Anna! Crap, doesn't that mean that player is Black Flame?!"
"Not good! Black Flame is looking over…"
At this moment, when Blackwater's members looked at Shi Feng, fear flooded their hearts because they were all fully aware that he could command the NPCs around him to reap their lives at a whim. Meanwhile, they would be utterly powerless to do anything about it.
I Alone Level-Up
A Monster Who Levels Up
The Legend of the Dragon King
Acquiring Talent in a Dungeon


text:
Das  erweitert das Web, um Daten zwischen Rechnern einfacher austauschbar und für sie einfacher verwertbar zu machen; so kann beispielsweise das Wort "Bremen" in einem Webdokument um die Information ergänzt werden, ob hier der Begriff des Schiffs-, Familien- oder Stadtnamens gemeint ist. Diese zusätzlichen Informationen explizieren die sonst nur unstrukturiert vorkommenden Daten. Zur Realisierung dienen Standards zur Veröffentlichung und Nutzung maschinenlesbarer Daten (insbesondere RDF).
Während Menschen solche Informationen aus dem gegebenen Kontext schließen können (aus dem Gesamttext, über die Art der Publikation oder der Rubrik in selbiger, Bilder etc.) und derartige Verknüpfungen unbewusst aufbauen, muss Maschinen dieser Kontext erst beigebracht werden; hierzu werden die Inhalte mit weiterführenden Informationen verknüpft. Das Semantic Web beschreibt dazu konzeptionell einen "" (engl. 'gigantischer globaler Graph'). Dabei werden sämtliche Dinge von Interesse identifiziert und mit einer eindeutigen Adresse versehen als Knoten angelegt, die wiederum durch Kanten (ebenfalls jeweils eindeutig benannt) miteinander verbunden sind. Einzelne Dokumente im Web beschreiben dann eine Reihe von Kanten, und die Gesamtheit all dieser Kanten entspricht dem globalen Graphen.

Beispiel
Im folgenden Beispiel wird im Text "Paul Schuster wurde in Dresden geboren" auf einer Webseite der Name einer Person mit dessen Geburtsort verknüpft. Das Fragment eines HTML-Dokuments zeigt, wie in RDFa-Syntax unter Verwendung des schema.org-Vokabulars und einer Wikidata-ID ein kleiner Graph beschrieben wird:

  Paul Schuster wurde in

      Dresden
     geboren.

Das Beispiel definiert folgende fünf Tripel (dargestellt im Turtle-Format). Dabei repräsentiert jedes Tripel eine Kante (im Englischen edge genannt) im sich ergebenden Graphen: Der erste Teil des Tripels (das Subjekt) ist der Name des Knotens, wo die Kante beginnt, der zweite Teil des Tripels (das Prädikat) die Art der Kante, und der dritte und letzte Teil des Tripels (das Objekt) entweder der Name des Knotens, in dem die Kante endet, oder ein Literalwert (z. B. ein Text, eine Zahl usf.).

_:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://schema.org/Person> .
_:a <http://schema.org/name> "Paul Schuster" .
_:a <http://schema.org/birthPlace> <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1731> .
<http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1731> <http://schema.org/itemtype> <http://schema.org/Place> .
<http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1731> <http://schema.org/name> "Dresden" .

Die Tripel ergeben den nebenstehenden Graphen (obere Abbildung).

Einer der Vorteile, URIs zu verwenden, ist, dass diese über das Protokoll HTTP aufgelöst werden können und oft ein Dokument zurückgeben, welches der gegebene URI weiter beschreibt (das ist das sogenannte Prinzip Linked Open Data). Im gegebenen Beispiel etwa kann man die URIs der Knoten und Kanten (z. B. http://schema.org/Person, http://schema.org/birthPlace. http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1731) alle auflösen und erhält dann weitergehende Beschreibungen, z. B. dass Dresden eine Stadt in Deutschland ist, oder dass eine Person auch fiktiv sein kann.

Der nebenstehende Graph (untere Abbildung) zeigt das vorhergehende Beispiel, angereichert um (einige wenige beispielhafte) Tripel aus den Dokumenten die man erhält, wenn man http://schema.org/Person (grüne Kante) und http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1731 (blaue Kanten) auflöst.

Zusätzlich zu den explizit in den Dokumenten gegebenen Kanten kann man auch weitere Kanten automatisch schlussfolgern: das Tripel

_:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://schema.org/Person> .

aus dem ursprünglichen RDFa-Fragment, zusammen mit dem Tripel

<http://schema.org/Person> <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#equivalentClass> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .

aus dem Dokument, welches man in http://schema.org/Person fand (in der Grafik die grüne Kante), erlauben es unter der OWL-Semantik das folgende Tripel zu schlussfolgern (in der Grafik, die gestrichelte rote Kante):

_:a <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .

Ein Beispiel für einen Standard unter der Nutzung dieser Prinzipien ist Akoma Ntoso, auf dessen Grundlage in Deutschland offene, maschinenlesbare, vernetzte und adressierbare Rechtsetzungs- und Parlamentsdokumente veröffentlicht werden sollen.

Begriff
Der Name  (deutsch Semantisches Netz) hat oft zu Missverständnissen und Diskussionen geführt. Zahlreiche andere Begriffe wurden vorgeschlagen, die aber letztlich alle dasselbe Ziel haben:
 In Anlehnung an den Begriff Web 2.0 spricht man nach John Markoff vom Web 3.0, wenn zu den Konzepten des Web 2.0 noch die Konzepte des Semantic Web hinzukommen.
 In Abgrenzung an den Begriff WWW hat Tim Berners-Lee, der Begründer des WWW, den Begriff Giant Global Graph (GGG) eingeführt, welcher die Struktur des Semantic Web als weltumspannende verknüpfte Graphstruktur betont.
 Teilweise in Abgrenzung zum als schwergewichtig und kompliziert gesehenen Semantic Web wurde der Begriff Linked Open Data um 2007 eingeführt.
 Das W3C-Konsortium selbst wechselte im Dezember 2013 zum neuen Begriff Web of Data, Web der Daten

Grundlagen
Das Konzept beruht auf einem Vorschlag von Tim Berners-Lee, dem Begründer des World Wide Web: das Semantic Web ist eine Erweiterung des herkömmlichen Webs, in der Informationen mit eindeutigen Bedeutungen versehen werden, um die Arbeit zwischen Mensch und Maschine zu erleichtern ("The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation").
Das Semantic Web baut auf existierenden Web-Standards und Arbeiten im Bereich Wissensrepräsentation auf.

"Klassisches" Web
Das "klassische" (nur auf Text basierte) Web – also das Web der Dokumente, wie es von Tim Berners-Lee eingeführt und seitdem kontinuierlich erweitert wurde – basiert auf einer Reihe von Standards:
 HTML als Auszeichnungssprache für den Inhalt üblicherweise textueller Dokumente,
 URLs als Notation für Adressen von beliebigen Dokumenten (also Dateien) im Web und
 HTTP als Protokoll, um diese Dokumente abzurufen und zu bearbeiten.

Sehr bald wurden auch Bilder, in Formaten wie GIF und JPEG, in HTML-Dokumente eingebettet und ausgetauscht. Bereits im ursprünglichen Vorschlag von Tim Berners-Lee, von 1989, wies er darauf hin, dass diese Standards nicht nur zum Austausch von ganzen Dokumenten, sondern auch zum Austausch von miteinander vernetzten Daten verwendet werden können. Jedoch, wie auch andere Teile des Vorschlags (z. B. dass alle Seiten im Web leicht zu editieren sein sollten), ging das zunächst unter.

Somit sind die meisten Inhalte im heutigen Web, z. B.: natürlichsprachlicher Text, Bilder u. Videos, größtenteils unstrukturiert in dem Sinne, dass in der Struktur eines (klassischen) HTML-Dokumentes nicht ausdrücklich angegeben ist, ob es sich bei einem Stückchen Text um: einen Vornamen oder Nachnamen, den Namen einer Stadt oder eines Unternehmens, oder eine Adresse handelt. Das erschwert die maschinelle Verarbeitung der Inhalte, die angesichts der rasch wachsenden Menge an zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen wünschenswert wäre.

Die Standards des Semantic Webs sollen Lösungen für dieses Problem anbieten: einzelne Teile von Texten können nicht nur für ihr Aussehen formatiert, sondern auch mit ihrem Inhalt / ihrer Bedeutung ausgezeichnet werden, und ganze Texte strukturiert werden, so dass es Computern ermöglicht wird, Daten einfach aus den Dokumenten auszulesen.

Durch die Verwendung des gemeinsamen RDF-Datenmodells und einer standardisierten Ontologiesprache können zudem die Daten weltweit integriert und sogar implizites Wissen aus den Daten geschlossen werden.

Metadaten
HTML-Dokumente erhielten bereits die Möglichkeit, eine begrenzte Zahl von Metadaten festzuhalten – in dem Fall Daten über die jeweiligen Dokumente.

Mitte der 1990er Jahre begann Ramanathan V. Guha (ein Schüler McCarthys und Feigenbaums und ein Mitarbeiter des Cyc-Projektes) die Arbeit am Meta Content Framework (MCF), zunächst bei Apple und ab 1997 bei Netscape. Ziel des MCF war es, eine allgemeine Grundlage für Metadaten zu schaffen. Zur selben Zeit wurde beim Web-Standard Konsortium W3C an XML gearbeitet. Die Idee von MCF wurde dann mit der Syntax von XML verbunden, um die erste Version von RDF zu ergeben.

Der erste weit verbreitete Einsatz von RDF fand sich in RSS, einem Standard, um Feeds darzustellen und zu abonnieren. Dies fand vor allem in Blogs Anwendung, die dann durch RSS Reader abonniert werden konnten.

Obwohl zunächst meistens nur an Metadaten gedacht wurde – insbesondere Metadaten zu im Web vorhandenen Dokumenten, die dann von Indizier- und Suchmaschinen ausgewertet werden können – ist mit der Entwicklung von RDF und spätestens mit dem Artikel im Scientific American 2001 diese Beschränkung weggefallen. RDF ist ein Standard zum Austausch von Daten und keineswegs auf Metadaten beschränkt. Dennoch wird in vielen Texten zum Semantic Web veraltet nur von Metadaten gesprochen.

Die meisten Syntaxen zum Austausch von RDF – NTriples, N3, RDF/XML, JSON-LD – sind gar nicht in der Lage, direkt im Text zum Auszeichnen von Textstellen verwendet zu werden (im Gegensatz zu RDFa).

Entsprechend fand auch die Erweiterung von Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), die zum Adressieren von Dokumenten im Web verwendet werden, hin zu Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) statt, die zum Identifizieren beliebiger Sachen verwendet werden können, insbesondere also auch von Sachen, die in der Welt (z. B. Häuser, Personen, Bücher) oder auch nur abstrakt sind (z. B. Ideen, Religionen, Beziehungen).

Wissensrepräsentation
Ursprünge des Semantic Web liegen unter anderem im Forschungsgebiet der Künstlichen Intelligenz, insbesondere dem Unterbereich Wissensrepräsentation. Bereits MCF baute systematisch auf einer Prädikatenlogik auf.

Ursprünglich waren die Attribute für Metadaten in den Dokumenten eng begrenzt: in HTML war es möglich, Schlüsselwörter, Erscheinungsdaten, Autoren etc. anzugeben. Dieser Bereich wurde dann durch die Dublin-Core-Gruppe stark erweitert und systematisch ausgebaut, wobei sehr viel Erfahrungen aus den Bibliothekswissenschaften einflossen. Doch auch das führte zu einem begrenzten Vokabular, d. h. zu einer kleinen Menge von verwendbaren Attributen und Typen. Ein so kleines Vokabular kann mit vergleichsweise wenig Aufwand von einem Computerprogramm bearbeitet werden.

Ein Ziel des Semantic Webs war es aber, beliebige Daten darstellen zu können. Dazu war es notwendig, das Vokabular erweitern zu können, also beliebige Beziehungen, Attribute und Typen zu deklarieren. Um die Deklaration dieser Vokabulare, auch Ontologien genannt, auf einer soliden formalen Basis aufzubauen, entstanden unabhängig voneinander zwei Sprachen, die in den USA von der DARPA finanzierte DARPA Agent Markup Language (DAML) und die in der EU vom Forschungsrahmenprogramm finanzierte Ontology Inference Layer (OIL) in Europa. Beide bauten auf früheren Ergebnissen aus dem Bereich Wissensrepräsentation auf, insbesondere Frames, semantische Netze, Conceptual Graphs und Beschreibungslogiken. Die beiden Sprachen wurden um 2000 schließlich in einem gemeinsamen Projekt unter Federführung des W3C vereinigt, zunächst als DAML+OIL, und schließlich die 2004 veröffentlichte Ontologiesprache Web Ontology Language (OWL).

Standards

Zur Realisierung des Semantic Webs dienen Standards zur Veröffentlichung und Nutzung maschinenlesbarer Daten. Zentrale Standards dabei sind:
 URIs in der doppelten Rolle zur Identifizierung von Entitäten und zum Verweisen auf weitergehende Daten dazu
 RDF als gemeinsames Datenmodell zur Repräsentation von Aussagen
 RDFS zur Deklaration des Vokabulars, welches in RDF verwendet wird
 OWL zur formalen Definition des in RDFS deklarierten Vokabulars in einer Ontologie
 RIF für die Darstellung von Regeln
 SPARQL als Anfragesprache und -protokoll
 eine Reihe von verschiedenen Syntaxen um RDF-Graphen auszutauschen:
 RDF/XML, eine XML-Syntax. Lange Zeit die einzige standardisierte Syntax
 Turtle, eine Syntax die dem Tripelmodell näherkommt
 JSON-LD, eine JSON-basierte Syntax
 RDFa, um RDF in XML-Dokumenten, insbesondere XHTML, einzubetten

Bezeichner: URIs
URIs – engl. Uniform Resource Identifier – erfüllen eine zweifache Aufgabe im Semantic Web: Einerseits dienen sie als eindeutige, weltweit gültige Namen für sämtliche Sachen, die im Semantic Web bezeichnet werden. D. h., dass derselbe URI in verschiedenen Dokumenten ein und dieselbe Sache bezeichnet. Das erlaubt es, Daten einfach zusammenzufügen wie auch eindeutig zu übersetzen. Andererseits kann der URI auch als Adresse dienen, unter der man weitergehende Daten zu der bezeichneten Ressource abrufen kann, im Fall eines Dokuments das Dokument selbst. In diesem Fall ist der URI nicht von einer URL zu unterscheiden.

Obwohl jeder URI weltweit genau eine Sache identifiziert, ist es umgekehrt nicht der Fall, dass eine Sache weltweit genau von einem URI identifiziert wird – im Gegenteil, oft haben Sachen wie die Stadt Bremen, die Person Angela Merkel oder der Film Das Fenster zum Hof viele verschiedene URIs. Um die Verknüpfung zwischen diesen verschiedenen URIs zu vereinfachen, hat man verschiedene Möglichkeiten, um zu sagen, dass zwei URIs dieselbe Sache bezeichnen, z. B. durch Schlüssel oder durch explizites Verknüpfen zweier URIs mit der sameAs-Relation aus dem OWL-Vokabular.

Datenmodell: RDF
RDF als Datenmodell basiert auf Tripeln aus Subjekt, Prädikat und Objekt. Eine Menge von RDF-Tripeln ergeben einen RDF-Graphen. Hierbei werden das Subjekt und das Objekt als Knoten betrachtet, und das Prädikat ist der Name der gerichteten Kante von Subjekt zu Objekt. Prädikate sind immer URIs, Subjekte sind üblicherweise URIs, können aber auch unbenannte Knoten (en. blank nodes) sein, und Objekte sind entweder URIs, unbenannte Knoten oder Literale. Literale sind z. B. Texte, Zahlen, Datumsangaben etc.

Unbenannte Knoten sind im Gegensatz zu mit URIs benannten Knoten nur lokal benannt, d. h., sie haben keinen global eindeutigen Namen. Wenn zwei verschiedene RDF-Graphen je einen Knoten mit dem URI http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q42 haben, dann bezeichnet dieser Knoten per Standard dieselbe Sache. So kann ein zweiter Graph weitergehende Aussagen über dieselben Sachen machen wie der erste Graph und erlaubt es so, jedem alles über alles zu sagen. Wird jedoch in einem RDF-Graphen ein unbenannter Knoten verwendet, kann ein zweiter Graph nicht direkt Aussagen über den unbenannten Knoten des ersten Graphen machen.

Vorteile von RDF-Graphen sind, dass sie sehr regelmäßig sind – es sind nur Mengen von Tripeln – und dass sie sehr einfach zusammenzufügen sind. Zwei Graphen ergeben einen Graphen, indem man einfach deren Mengen von Tripeln vereinigt. In manchen tripelbasierten Syntaxen wie NTripel bedeutet das, dass man einfach die Dateien aneinanderhängen kann.

Definition der Vokabulare: RDFS und OWL
Das RDF-Schema (RDFS, zunächst "RDF Vocabulary Description Language" dann aber 2014 in "RDF Schema" umbenannt) wurde definiert, um Klassen von Sachen und deren Eigenschaften zu definieren und diese dann in formale Beziehungen zueinander zu setzen. Zum Beispiel kann mit RDFS ausgesagt werden, dass die Eigenschaft http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title im Englischen title und im Deutschen Titel genannt wird. Zudem kann eine Beschreibung aussagen, dass diese Eigenschaft für den Titel eines Buches benutzt werden soll. Neben diesen natürlichsprachlichen Beschreibungen, erlaubt RDFS es auch, formale Aussagen zu treffen: z. B. dass alles, was die genannte Eigenschaft hat, zur Klasse http://example.org/Buch gehört, oder dass alles, was zu dieser Klasse gehört, auch zur Klasse http://example.org/Medium gehört.

Die Web Ontology Language (OWL) erweitert RDFS um weitaus ausdrucksstärkere Elemente, um die Beziehungen zwischen Klassen und Eigenschaften weiter zu präzisieren. So erlaubt OWL z. B. die Aussage, dass zwei Klassen keine gemeinsamen Elemente enthalten können, dass eine Eigenschaft transitiv zu verstehen ist, oder dass eine Eigenschaft nur eine bestimmte Anzahl von verschiedenen Werten haben kann. Diese erweiterte Ausdrucksstärke wird vor allem in Biologie und Medizin eingesetzt. Vokabulare werden hierbei oft austauschbar als Ontologien bezeichnet, letztere sind öfter stärker formalisiert als Vokabulare.

Die Definition dieser Begriffe selbst findet nicht durch das W3C in einem allgemein gültigen Vokabular statt, sondern jeder kann, in derselben Weise wie auch die Daten selbst veröffentlicht werden, eigene Vokabulare veröffentlichen. Dadurch gibt es keine zentrale Institution, die alle Vokabulare definiert. Die Vokabulare sind insofern selbstbeschreibend, als sie, genauso wie die Daten, in RDF und als Linked Open Data veröffentlicht werden können und damit Teil des Semantic Webs selbst.

Über die Jahre wurden zahlreiche Vokabulare entwickelt, von denen aber sehr wenige einen weiteren Einfluss erreichen konnten. Nennenswert sind hierbei Dublin Core für Metadaten zu Büchern und anderen Medien, Friend Of A Friend zum Beschreiben eines sozialen Netzwerks, Creative Commons zur Darstellung von Lizenzen, und einige Versionen von RSS zum Darstellen von Feeds. Ein besonders weit verbreitetes Vokabular wurde das durch die Zusammenarbeit der größten Suchmaschinen und Portale 2011 gestartete Schema.org, welches viele verschiedene Bereiche abdeckt.

Serialisierungen
RDF ist ein Datenmodell und keine konkrete Serialisierung (sprich, in welcher Syntax die Daten genau ausgetauscht werden). Lange Zeit war RDF/XML das einzige standardisierte Serialisierungsformat, doch war es sehr bald klar, dass RDF – mit dem Graphenmodell und der Basis in Tripeln – und XML – welches auf einem Baummodell aufbaut – nicht besonders gut zueinander passen. So haben sich über die Jahre weitere Serialisierungsformate verbreitet, wie z. B. die miteinander verwandten N3 und Turtle, die dem Tripelmodell wesentlich näher sind.

Zwei Serialisierungsformate sind besonders erwähnenswert, weil sie pragmatisch neue Anwendungsfelder eröffneten, RDFa und JSON-LD.

RDFa ist eine Erweiterung der HTML-Syntax, die es erlaubt direkt in der Webseite selbst Daten einzubinden. Dadurch kann z. B. eine Person mit ihrer Adresse, ein Konzert mitsamt Ort und Zeit, ein Buch mitsamt Autor und Verlag etc., gleich in der Webseite selbst ausgezeichnet werden. Durch den Einsatz vor allem in Schema.org und der Verwendung in den meisten Suchmaschinen ist innerhalb von zwei Jahren die Menge an RDF im Web enorm gewachsen: 2013 hatten mehr als vier Millionen Domains RDF-Inhalte.

JSON-LD versucht für Webentwickler möglichst nah an der gewohnte Nutzung von JSON als Datenaustauschformat zu bleiben. Hierbei werden die meisten Daten als einfache JSON-Daten ausgetauscht, und in einem Kontext-Datensatz wird festgelegt, wie die JSON-Daten nach RDF umgewandelt werden können. JSON-LD findet heute recht weite Verbreitung, um Daten in anderen Formaten einzubetten, z. B. in E-Mails oder in HTML-Dokumenten.

Vergleichbare Technologien
Eine vergleichbare Technik für die Wissensrepräsentation stellt der ISO-Standard Topic Maps dar. Ein Hauptunterschied zwischen RDF und Topic Maps findet sich in den Assoziationen: während in RDF Assoziationen immer gerichtet sind, sind sie bei Topic-Maps ungerichtet und rollenbasiert.

Mikroformate und Microdata entstanden als alternative, leichtgewichtige Datenmodelle und Serialisierungen zu den Standards des Semantic Webs. Mikroformate entstanden in Fortsetzung der sehr spezifischen Standards zum Austausch von z. B. Adressdaten in vCard, Kalenderdaten in vCalendar etc.

Kritik
Das Semantic Web wird oft als zu kompliziert und zu akademisch beschrieben. Bekannte Kritiken sind:
 Clay Shirky, : Ontologien funktionieren schon nicht mehr bezogen auf Bibliotheken, aber sie auf das ganze Web auszudehnen ist hoffnungslos. Ontologien sind zu stark auf eine bestimmte Sichtweise hin ausgerichtet, sind zu sehr top-down erstellt (im Gegensatz zu den im Web 2.0 entstandenen Folksonomien), und die formale Grundlage von Ontologien ist zu strikt und zu unflexibel. Da das Semantic Web auf Ontologien aufbaut, kann es die Probleme von Ontologien nicht umgehen.
 Aaron Swartz, The Programmable Web: Swartz sah den Fehler des Semantic Web in der vorzeitigen Standardisierung von nicht ausreichend gereifter Technologie, und in der übermäßigen Komplexität der Standards, wobei er insbesondere XML attackierte, und etwa mit der Einfachheit von JSON verglich. Das Besondere an Swartz' Kritik war, dass er die Technologien außerordentlich gut verstand und sich die Ziele des Semantic Web herbeisehnte, aber die tatsächlich verwendeten Standards und die Prozesse, die zu deren Entstehung führten, für ungenügend befand.

Semantic Web als Forschungsbereich
Im Gegensatz zu vielen anderen Webtechnologien, entwickelten sich um das Ziel des Semantic Web rege Forschungstätigkeiten. So gab es schon seit 2001 jährliche akademische Konferenzen (vor allem die International Semantic Web Conference und die Asian Semantic Web Conference), und auch die wichtigste akademische Konferenz zum Web, die International World Wide Web Conference, beanspruchte Forschungsergebnisse zum Semantic Web einen bemerkbaren Anteil. Forscher im Bereich Semantic Web kamen vor allem aus den Bereichen Wissensrepräsentation, Logik, insbesondere den Beschreibungslogiken, Web Services, und Ontologien.

Die Forschungsfragen sind vielfältig und oft interdisziplinär. So werden z. B. Fragen der Entscheidbarkeit der Kombination bestimmter Sprachelemente für Ontologiesprachen untersucht, wie automatisch Daten, die in verschiedenen Vokabularen beschrieben sind, integriert und gemeinsam abgefragt werden können, wie Benutzerschnittstellen zum Semantic Web aussehen können (so entstanden zahlreiche Browser für Linked Data), wie die Dateneingabe von Semantic Web Daten vereinfacht werden kann, wie Semantic Web Services, also Web Services mit semantisch beschriebenen Schnittstellen, automatisch zusammenarbeiten können, um komplexe Ziele zu erreichen, effektive Veröffentlichung und Verwendung von Semantic Web Daten, und vieles mehr.

Relevante Zeitschriften sind vor allem das Journal of Web Semantics bei Elsevier, das Journal of Applied Ontologies und das Semantic Web Journal bei IOS Press. Prominente Forscher im Bereich Semantic Web sind, u. a., Wendy Hall, Jim Hendler, Rudi Studer, Ramanathan Guha, Asuncíon Gómez-Pérez, Mark Musen, Frank van Harmelen, Natasha Noy, Ian Horrocks, Deborah McGuinness, John Domingue, Carol Goble, Nigel Shadbold, David Karger, Dieter Fensel, Steffen Staab, Chris Bizer, Chris Welty, Nicola Guarino. Forschungsprojekte mit Schwerpunkten auf dem Bereich Semantic Web sind oder waren, u. a. GoPubMed, Greenpilot, Medpilot, NEPOMUK, SemanticGov, Theseus.

Diese rege Forschungsarbeit hat sicherlich dazu beigetragen, dem Semantic Web den Ruf akademisch und komplex zu sein einzubringen. Aus dieser Forschung sind aber auch zahlreiche Ergebnisse abgeleitet.

Siehe auch
 DBpedia
 F-Logic
 FOAF
 Semantic Grid
 Semantic MediaWiki
 Semantic Publishing
 Semantic Web Services
 Semantische Suche
 Semantische Suchmaschine
 Semantischer Desktop
 Semantisches Wiki
 Social Semantic Web
 Swoogle
 Wikidata

Literatur
 Aaron Swartz's A Programmable Web: An unfinished Work. gespendet von seinem Verlag Morgan & Claypool Publishers nach Aaron Swartz's Tod im Januar 2013.
 Tim Berners-Lee with Mark Fischetti: Weaving the web: the original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventors. 1. Auflage. HarperCollins, San Francisco, 1999, ISBN 0-06-251586-1; aktuelle Auflage: HarperBusiness, New York 2006, ISBN 0-06-251587-X. dt. Ausgabe: Tim Berners-Lee mit Mark Fischetti: Der Web-Report: der Schöpfer des World Wide Webs über das grenzenlose Potential des Internets. Econ, München 1999, ISBN 3-430-11468-3
 Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora Lassila: The Semantic Web: a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities. In: Scientific American, 284 (5), May 2001, S. 34–43 (dt.: Mein Computer versteht mich. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft, August 2001, S. 42–49)
 Lee Feigenbaum, Ivan Herman, Tonya Hongsermeier, Eric Neumann, Susie Stephens: Mein Computer versteht mich – allmählich. In: Spektrum der Wissenschaft, November 2008, S. 92–99.
 Toby Segaran, Colin Evans, Jamie Taylor: Programming the semantic web. O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol CA 2009 ISBN 978-0-596-15381-6.
 Grigoris Antoniou, Frank van Harmelen: A Semantic Web Primer. 2nd Edition. The MIT Press, 2008, ISBN 0-262-01242-1
 Dieter Fensel, Wolfgang Wahlster, Henry Lieberman, James Hendler: Spinning the Semantic Web: Bringing the World Wide Web to Its Full Potential. The MIT Press, 2003, ISBN 0-262-06232-1
 Bo Leuf: The Semantic Web. Crafting Infrastructure for Agents. Wiley, 2006, ISBN 0-470-01522-5
 Vladimir Geroimenko, Chaomei Chen: Visualizing the Semantic Web. Springer Verlag, 2003, ISBN 1-85233-576-9
 Jeffrey T. Pollock: Semantic Web For Dummies. For Dummies. 2009, ISBN 978-0-470-39679-7
 Pascal Hitzler, Markus Krötzsch, Sebastian Rudolph, York Sure: Semantic Web. Grundlagen. Springer Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-540-33993-9. Englische Ausgabe: Pascal Hitzler, Markus Krötzsch, Sebastian Rudolph: Foundations of Semantic Web Technologies. CRC Press, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4200-9050-5

Weblinks
 Andy Carvin: . Published by the Digital Divide Network, October 2004 (Archivversion vom 8. Februar 2009; englisch)
 W3C Semantic-Web-Initiative (englisch)
 Linked Data – Connect Distributed Data across the Web (Verteilte Daten über das Netz hinweg verbinden) (englisch)
 Tim Berners-Lee: Semantic Web Future. (englisch)

Webcast Video
 Tim Berners-Lee: The next Web of open, linked data (2009) (englisch)
 Tim Berners-Lee: The Future of the Web (2006) (englisch)

Einzelnachweise und Anmerkungen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Improved home air quality - the more up-to-date the air conditioner, the better the technology. The latest Bell Air Conditioning Inc. air conditioners can collaborate with Healthy Climate® products to keep your home's indoor air that much more nourishing and cleaner. Quieter operation - with new SilentComfort™ technology, you can't even recognize when your system is on and operating anymore, ensuring a more quiet and comfortable home.
Whether you need an air conditioner replacement or just an expert repair, the experts at Bell Air Conditioning Inc. in Belton are here to support. Don't let a repair keep you from living your life! Give our experts a call at 254-307-9572 or check us out online to set-up an appointment today.


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Q: How to view Flash/video with anonymous proxies? I've been looking at free proxies from various lists on the net. Nearly every one has a box to put in a URL to browse using the proxy. The pages load (and whatismyip.com gives an IP different to my own), but no video seems to work. Even when the checkboxes for "disable javascript" and "remove objects" are unchecked, no Flash ever loads.
I've also tried adding the sites as proxies directly into the browser, but then nothing loads at all. For example in Firefox I open "Connection settings" (from Options > Advanced > Network) and put the domain name, e.g. "example.com" under "automatic config..." or "manual config..." with port 80, it never works.
Do I need to put something else in those boxes? Is there a better way to view Flash/video with a proxy?

A: Since you are using Firefox, I'd recommend looking into Vidalia. It is basically the Tor network with a simplified GUI. Also uses a Firefox plugin to integrate quite nicely.
Last I checked, I had no problem with flash-anything. Was quite slow, but that's to be expected with any proxy, I do believe.

A: There are several methods of doing this. Using web proxys' wont work because they simply copy the site content (html, css, javascript and etc) into server ram or temporary files, however wont copy flash content because it dosent use the flash object and downloads the video.

SSH Tunneling is good, but can be annoying to setup (getting a VPS, Shared hosting with SSH or a dedicated server will make this easier). The only problem that might occur is port 22 being blocked, but its unlikely. You can use a home computer as a SSH Server. (I'll find a tutorial on this.)
You can go here for a tutorial on SSH Tunneling.

This one again is easy, but can cost quite a bit of money. You can use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) to access blocked sites. I'm not quite sure on the specifics on how it works, but it should work on basically every network, but it requres a program to use it. There is a tutorial about bypassing proxy servers with a VPN here

Update:
The proxy at www.hidemyass.com supports YouTube and other video services. Though I only tested YouTube, it seems to work well, though there is a few second delay before the video starts to load.


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Уизер () — река на западе центральной части штата Айдахо, США. Правый приток реки Снейк. Длина составляет 166 км; площадь бассейна — 4300 км².

Берёт начало на севере округа Адамс, в районе гор Севен-Дивлс, на территории национального леса Пайетт, примерно в 16 км от города Нью-Медоус. Течёт главным образом на юго-запад, между горными хребтами Садди-Маунтинс (на западе) и Уэст-Маунтинс (на востоке). На юге округа Вашингтон река поворачивает на запад и течёт в этом направлении на протяжении нижних 16 км. Впадает в реку Снейк в районе города Уизер.

Принимает приток Литл-Уизер примерно в 3 км к юго-западу от города Кембридж. Река была названа в честь Питера Уизера, участника экспедиции Льюиса и Кларка.

Примечания

Притоки Снейка
Реки Айдахо
География округа Адамс (Айдахо)
География округа Вашингтон (Айдахо)


A Bulk Fertilizer Distributor endorsement is required for any location that distributes commercial fertilizer in bulk (non-packaged form) within or into Washington.
Note: Whenever the fertilizer is distributed within the state, the name and address shown on the license must appear on all labels, pertinent invoices, and storage facilities.
A license must be posted at each location where the licensee operates. You may not begin this business activity until you receive a Business License document listing the required endorsement.


text:
After gold rush, execs seek a quid pro quo
Turn to studying Latin, enriching their own lives
Judith Messina
Rosalind Resnick is studying Latin; Jerry Colonna is writing a novel; Fernando Espuelas is working on his umpteenth startup.
In the few short years since Silicon Alley imploded, its bankers and entrepreneurs have reinvented their lives and moved on. Some have started new companies or are doing good in the nonprofit world. Others are blogging, writing books or traveling the lecture circuit. Those who walked away with a small fortune are dabbling in real estate and other people's startups.
While most are leading calmer, more balanced lives compared with their rock-star years in the Alley, they're all still wrestling with the question of what to do with the rest of their lives.
"It's taken the past three years to figure out `Here's who I am, and here's the kind of life I want to have,"' says Ms. Resnick, founder of NetCreations Inc. "What do you do after you've lived this incredible adventure?"
Here are three answers.
The pen is mightier than the bankroll
If venture capitalists were the rabbis of Silicon Alley, no one was more passionate about his flock than Jerry Colonna. As a principal in Flatiron Partners, he helped put Silicon Alley on the venture capital map and became one of its most articulate and enthusiastic promoters.
A journalist, Mr. Colonna was as comfortable schmoozing with new media's wunderkinder as he was speaking the language of Wall Street. With his partner, Fred Wilson, he pioneered the idea of investing in companies at an early stage, when others considered them too risky.
They bankrolled dozens of hot names such as TheStreet.com and StarMedia, saw the stocks soar and took their lumps when investors fled the technology market. In 2001, they merged Flatiron with J.P. Morgan Chase and Mr. Colonna became a partner in Morgan's private equity division.
But six intense years of playing banker, therapist and parent to young chief executives was enough, and he left J.P. Morgan at the end of 2002. "I had realized I wasn't interested in doing it anymore," says Mr. Colonna, who turned 40 last year. "It was fun, but I wanted to move on to something else in my life."
He's working on the novel he's wanted to write since he was a teenager and also pens a column for Inc.
A meeting with a nonprofit group looking for a donation turned into a discussion of how he could help the organization strategically. With Sarah Holloway, former head of educational organization MOUSE, he set up Hudson Heights Partners to help nonprofits, including Manhattan Children's Museum and Exploring the Arts. He also represents J.P. Morgan and Flatiron on a couple of company boards.
"I'm trying to combine what I know well, private equity investing, and being a consigliere for startups that have to do with my passions," he says.
Taking wing again, as a consultant
In the 1990s, while new media companies were jostling for the attention of venture capitalists, Rosalind Resnick was heading the other way. A former reporter, she eschewed venture money and built an Internet marketing company, NetCreations, entirely on her own dime.
Started in her bedroom in 1996, NetCreations was profitable from day one. The company was bringing in $60 million in revenues in 2001, but its investors wanted to bail after the tech crash. She wound up selling the company to Italian yellow page distributor SEAT Pagine Gialle for $111 million in cash and walked away with $40 million.
"I really didn't want to leave, but as an entrepreneur I needed to spread my wings and fly again," Ms. Resnick says.
She did, by founding Axxess Business Centers. She started the storefront advisory service for small businesses in 2000 with $500,000 of her own money. But she's had to scale back her vision of a chain of storefronts around the country-an H&R Block for small business consulting. Unable to find a partner to help develop more stores, she closed her storefront in lower Manhattan in August and now runs Axxess as a boutique consulting firm.
"I've always looked at Axxess as an investor," says 45-year-old Ms. Resnick. "I'm not willing to open store No. 2 until I've proved the concept of store No. 1."
Instead, she is in pursuit of more balance in her life. She's spending more time with her two daughters, taking courses in Latin and fiction writing at the New School University and investing in townhouses in Greenwich Village.
Talking in English to Hispanics
Fernando Espuelas has been starting businesses since he was an 11-year-old lending money to his classmates and selling them insurance for school supplies. By the time he founded StarMedia Network Inc. in 1996, he was a practiced entrepreneur. He and partner Jack Chen maxed out their credit cards to start the company, which was to be an America Online for Latin America. One of the hottest Internet properties in the Alley, it had 800 employees in nine countries and a market capitalization of $2 billion in 2000.
But massive losses ruined the company and in 2001 led to Mr. Espuelas' resignation. He never sold his stock in StarMedia, so he came away with only a small sum when new management eventually sold the company to France Telecom-a sum that he invested in TriBeCa real estate. Today, StarMedia is a Web portal that offers Spanish-language content and services.
It was quite a comedown for someone called one of the "leaders of the millennium" by Time magazine. After he left StarMedia, he spent a soul-searching sojourn in Vermont, where he hiked for 10 hours every day.
That's where he came up with the concept for Voy Inc., a media company that produces English-language programming for Hispanic audiences and Latinophiles in the United States. Backed by some of the same people who bankrolled StarMedia, he launched Voy's cable network in July and is now busy developing programs (including a talk show that he will host), producing records and starting production on the first of Voy's 12 planned films.
"We think there's an opportunity in this completely empty niche to develop very high-quality programming that creates a cultural bridge for Latinos who are trying to discover or maintain their roots," says Mr. Espuelas, now 38 years old.
Sponsored Content: Tricks of the Trade


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Who is Armidale's Business Leader for 2016?: CHAMBER BUSINESS AWARDS
With entries to the Chamber Business Awards now closed, the hard part of the process begins for the Chamber's judges, who must now select winners from many dozens of brilliant local business.
Among the 2016 judges will be Regional Australia Bank who – as sponsor of the Business Leader of the Year Award – will be assessing entries for standout men and women in our business community.
"The Business Leader Award recognises the local business people whose leadership, vision and strength make a difference," comments Kevin Dupé, Chief Executive Officer for Regional Australia Bank.
"Recent winners, including Gayle Kee of TG's Childcare, Roger Bourke of Moxons Bakery and Rob Taber, New England Solar have been recognised as 'local treasures' who have inspired many in our midst: including their customers, employees and, importantly, broader groups in the community," he said.
Regional Australia Bank will in 2016 be the Chamber's 'newest and oldest' sponsor. The Bank has been associated with the Chamber Awards for several years under its former name New England Mutual. This year, the group is supporting the Awards under its new brand, Regional Australia Bank.
"We've been helping Regional Australians for almost 50 years now – so our new name is both a reflection – and a sign of our continued commitment! – of our commitment to supporting the prosperity of local communities," comments Kevin.
"That's why Regional Australia Bank is participating in the Chamber Business Awards – and we, along with all the entrants from Armidale, Guyra and Walcha, will be looking forward to naming, on Friday September 9, our Business Leader of the Year for 2016."
Entries to the Chamber Business Awards are now closed. Finallists in all categories will be announced well ahead of the Gala Awards Evening on Friday September 9. For further details – or to book for the Gala Awards event - visit armidalechamber.com.au.
Chamber AGM: Welcome to Chamber's Management Committee 2016 Congratulations, Armidale Chamber Awards Finallists!


'Age is just a number' -- Does it hold true for EHR adoption?
Older physicians are less likely to use an electronic health record system than their younger counterparts. A recent Health Affairs study found that in 2011 30.8% of physicians older than age 55 were using a basic EHR system, compared with 40% of doctors younger than age 40 and 35.5% of doctors ages 40 to 55.


Reality is defined as "the state of the world as it really is rather than one might want it to be". The state of the world as it really is… The very thought of that scares a lot of folks. The fact is that most people prefer living in a world that pretty much goes the way they think it ought to, instead of the possibility of dealing in the harsh reality of the way things actually are. The movie response to the demand of all we want is the truth is that most people can't handle the truth or at least need the truth to be watered down a bit. This question of reality and the way things really are gets clouded and hazy quicker in government than in almost any other place. If media, in all forms, from newspapers, magazines, internet, television, books, etc. could only print what was real and true, the flood of words we see and hear every day would look entirely different in scope and in volume. City governments are governed by elected officials who should have at the very least a good understanding of reality as their foundational qualification. Unfortunately that is not always the case. Be that as it may, the truth is that before real and positive change can occur, somebody has to get a glimpse of reality.
Retail Attractions has had the privilege of working in cities of every size in several states over the last four years. In terms of economic development, reality is always the starting place for real and positive change. It is the elected officials and the city administration that should be in ultimate control of economic development, not the chamber of commerce and not some quasi-governmental group (unless the quasi-governmental group is only a recommender of the direction the local leaders should go). We believe economic development (marketing, data, strategic and development planning, and all the enter-twined relationship building necessary to accomplish the task) can best be done by a professional, independent, third party group with the qualifications, experience, expertise, and relationships to get the job done. This process functions best when these services are performed on contract basis by an outside organizations and city leaders can be brought back to reality on a regular basis. City governments for the most part do not understand the process of economic development (especially retail development)… the amount of time it takes and the complexity of the process. I run into city councilors all the time who are "always certain, and often wrong" about the way economic development should be accomplished.
Reality may not always be pleasant, but no real progress in anything has ever been made, no goals have ever been reached, no problems have really been solved without looking at the situation squarely with reality glasses on. So what does that mean to city governments? If you think you can navigate the very complex, very competitive, very detailed work of retail development in any of its multi-faceted details without outside assistance you are simply not facing reality. Why do banks, which are usually pretty detail oriented places, have regular visits from people called examiners? Because outside, independent, third party eyes can see things from a point of view that help bring reality to the picture. We just came through perhaps the worst banking scandal in our country's history because loans were made in a cloudy, shady, and very loosely scrutinized way. Reality is a good thing. What makes good lawyers, doctors, mechanics, CPA's, judges, and politicians? The willingness on their part to deal with the issues at hand in realistic terms. What makes good marriages, good partnerships, and happy endings? Facing reality and making the right course corrections on the journey on from where you are to where you're going. Reality will never fail you.


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A Brief History of Sarum College
From the early Middle Ages, Salisbury was an important centre for theological training, its great cathedral and Close attracting students and scholars from the whole of Europe.
The history of theological study begins with St Osmund and the completion of the first cathedral at Old Sarum in 1092. After Old Sarum was abandoned in favour of New Sarum (or Salisbury, as it came to be known) and the new cathedral was built in the 1220s, several colleges were established as well as a medieval school of theology here on the site of 19 The Close.
The oldest part of Sarum College is the main building at the front of the site which was built in 1677. Attributed to Sir Christopher Wren, it was built for Francis Hill, a distinguished London lawyer and Deputy Recorder for Salisbury. He chose a particularly striking site, at the north end of Bishop's Walk, facing directly down to the Bishop's Palace, now the Cathedral School.
The establishment of the theological college in 1860 began with a gift. Walter Kerr Hamilton, Bishop of Salisbury used an anonymous donation to buy the house (then no. 87) from Miss Charlotte Wyndham – and the first students arrived in January 1861.
In the 1870s William Butterfield, foremost church architect of his day, and best-known for Keble College, Oxford, was commissioned to add a residential wing to provide accommodation for students, and then, in 1881, a chapel and library.
In 1937 further extensions designed by William Randall Blacking were added, study bedrooms for students and a meeting room that became the new library and is now the Common Room.
Eight students of Salisbury Theological College were killed in the Great War (1914 -18), and a fine memorial in the Chapel records their names.
During the Second World War (1939 – 45) the College was taken over by the women of the Auxiliary Territorial Service, the women's branch of the British Army, and Queen Mary paid them a visit. Apparently the creepers which covered the front of the building were hastily removed, as the old Queen did not like them!
In October 1971 the two theological colleges in Salisbury and Wells merged and became Salisbury & Wells Theological College. The additional students required more space, and two further extensions were built: a three storey block of flats and study bedrooms at the eastern end of the Butterfield building (the East Wing), and a new chapel (now the Royal School of Church Music's administrative centre), refectory and library were added.
In 1994 the Salisbury & Wells College closed, and the following year Sarum College was established to provide ecumenical theological education, including courses, conferences, events and hospitality as well as a home for ministerial training through STETS (Southern Theological Education and Training Scheme). STETS closed and merged with Sarum College in February 2015. Training courses for ordained and lay ministry are now offered through the college's ministry and mission programmes.
Work to restore and improve the buildings continue, stewarded by the college's architect Keith Harnden. In 2006, the new link building joining the 1677 and 1877 buildings and incorporating lift access won the 2006 Salisbury Civic Society's Conservation award.
In early 2007 the five guest rooms in the Wren building were transformed from servants' attic quarters to beautiful en-suite bedrooms with wonderful views across the Close to the cathedral. In 2008, two of the four meeting rooms in the Wren building were refurbished.
2010 marked the 150th anniversary of theological education on this site and 15 years of ecumenical learning as Sarum College.
The college dining room was refurbished in 2011, and in 2013 the Victorian wings with residential accommodation were renovated, bringing the total number of en-suite bedrooms to forty.
In 2015, the College library was given a comprehensive make-over thanks to a legacy from a keen library member, the late Heather Mathews.
The Common Room underwent refurbishment in early 2016 and there are plans to redecorate guest rooms in the Baker Wing.
College Governance
History of Sarum
Sarum Community
Sarum College has a great opportunity for a Marketing Officer to help deliver the College's marketing plan to develop business across all areas of Sarum College, including its learning programmes and commercial hospitality services. To find out more about the … Read more
Book of the Month: December 2019
In the Bleak Midwinter by Rachel Mann If asked to name a poem by Christina Rossetti, many of us would manage 'In the Bleak Midwinter'; a favourite carol. If pressed, we might also manage 'Goblin Market'. In fact, Christina Rossetti … Read more
A Resolution You Can Stick To
It may seem a little pre-emptive to talk about New Year's Resolutions when it's not even Advent yet. But resolutions are notoriously unsuccessful for good and well-known reasons that are best dealt with before maelstrom of activity and emotion of … Read more
Sarum College, 19 The Close, Salisbury, SP1 2EE, Wiltshire, UK | +44 (0)1722 424800 | info@sarum.ac.uk
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Q: VectorDrawable: change colour on onPress when used as source in an ImageView I'm using a VectorDrawable defined in an xml, on an ImageView used as a button. I want the colour of the image to change when the user click on it.
Here is my current vector xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:viewportWidth="24"
    android:viewportHeight="24"
    android:width="24dp"
    android:height="24dp">
    <path
        android:pathData="<vector data>"
        android:fillColor="<vector's colour>" />
</vector>

I can use a selector with two implementations of my vector, one with the colour A and the other one with the colour B:
EDITED
vector_image_a.xml
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    ...>
    <path
        ...
        android:fillColor="@color/colour_A" />
</vector>

vector_image_b.xml
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    ...>
    <path
        ...
        android:fillColor="@color/colour_B" />
</vector>

selector.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:drawable="@drawable/vector_image_a" android:state_pressed="true" />
    <item android:drawable="@drawable_vector_image_b" />
</selector>

But I have more than one clickable image in my app and each time I want only the colour of the image to change when the user presses on it. If I carry on with the implementation above, for each clickable image I will end with 3 files:

*

*one for the image with the colour A

*one for the image with the colour B

*one for the selector

So I was wondering if it is possible to use a selector directly on the vector image colour (android:fillColor attribute).
Example:
vector_image.xml
<vector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    ...>
    <path
        ...
        android:fillColor="drawable/selector_colour" />
</vector>

selector_colour.xml
<selector xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <item android:color="@color/colour_A" android:state_pressed="true" />
    <item android:color="@color/colour_B" />
</selector>

I tried but apparently it doesn't work?

A: I have found the answer to my question in that post.
All I have to do is use the vector image as the source of my ImageView and then use the selector (selector_colour.xml) as a tint.


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Greetings from the Australian National University where Danny Kennedy founder of Sungevity is speaking on "Rooftop Revolution: The latest trends in solar and wind energy" (video available). He expects 50% solar power and 80% renewable energy by 2050. He described coal fired electricity generation as "stupid and dangerous", criticized the Prime Minister for supporting coal and claimed that they could provide electricity for 17 cents per kWh. Danny used Zeetings for his presentation, which I had not seen before (ihave now set up a Tomw Zeetings).
This was very much a pep talk preaching to the converted (the audience being made up of members of the ANU Energy Change Institute). But we were in need of a pep talk. Being a member of the ANU who teaches how to combat global warming, it is disheartening to be criticized by the Prime Minister, federal cabinet, The Australian newspaper, the Australian Financial Review and some of Australian industry for suggesting investment in fossil fuels is not a good idea.
Dr Renate Egan, Chair of the Australia PV Institute, then provided a more scholarly presentation on trends in solar power. and argued that the PV industry needs to work with utilities She pointed out that in 2013 the cost of the PV panels for a domestic solar installation was less than the cost of the system. As the cells become cheaper, householders are likely to want panels which look better, rather than just generate more power.
Professor Andrew Blakers, Foundation Director of the ANU Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems in his "Renewable Energy Systems" then made the remarkable claim that the cheapest form of solar water heating now is to use a PV panel and a resistive electric water heater. Up to now conventional wisdom has been that hot water is efficiently produced from sunlight by direct absorption (turning sunlight into heat). However, solar hot water systems require a complex systems of pipes, with water (or another fluid) circulated through the roof-top collector. With low cost PV panels, the installation is much simpler, just requiring an electrical cable from the roof, to a tank on the ground.
Labels: alternative energy, ANU Energy Change Institute


Last night one of our local news channels, WRAL, had a consumer segment about viewers who signed up for phone, internet, and television at one price but got another one. It's one of those segments where the station goes ahead and fights to help viewers with problems.
This particular one had caught my attention because my mom was having problems with her TV and internet service. Both her new and older providers were trying to charge her ridiculous fees. Long story, short – she was able to get them to honor the agreement though not without headaches.
Based on what I saw on the WRAL newcast, it seems like my mom is not alone when it comes to fighting companies to get the service they signed up for. During the 5 on Your Side segment, that the over 2,700 complaints were filed with the North Carolina Attorney General's office involving Time Warner, Att&T, and DirecTV, and Dish Network.
One particularly frustrated customer was Betty Mazor who thought she was getting DirecTV for $72.99 plus taxes and instead received bills that ranged from $93 -$184. With WRAL's help, she got out of her contract without having to pay an early termination fee. Still, it can be incredibly annoying to have to schedule time out of your schedule to get the service you want. Thankfully there are a couple of things you can do to protect yourself.
The piece highlighted some tips that you can use to help you get the deal you want. My mom had done these and so far she has been successful with getting her deals honored.
Keep a record of your conversation. When you sign-up for the offer, make sure you write down the day, time, and person you spoke with about the promotion. Get details about the exact price in case you have to dispute it.
If possible, have them email you the details. This is a wonderful way to make sure you get the deal you want, but unfortunately some companies refuse to do this.
Don't be afraid to fight back. As soon as you receive your bill, call the company up. Talk to a manager or supervisor, record their names. Use resources like your local news stations and your state's Atorney General if you have to. Companies who bait and switch should be held accountable.
Is there a guarantee that you'll get what you signed up for? No, but you can increase your chances if you follow the tips above.
If you're frustrated by the run around, consider looking at alternatives, such as switching to a low cost smart phone plan that can be both your land and mobile line, building your own entertainment package, and getting a better deal on your internet services.
What about you – have you had problems with your television, phone, or internet? How did you get it fixed?


Washing your hands is one of the most important things you can do to keep yourself healthy. How can you be sure you're doing it correctly to obtain the most effective disease-prevention results? The team at HealthSmartVaccines in Chantilly, VA is here to walk you through the CDC-recommended process, a simple five-step technique to ensure maximum germ elimination.
Wet: Begin by wetting your hands in clean water—either warm or cold water will do. Then apply soap to your wet hands. It's important to note that if you do not have clean water and soap available to you, alcohol-based hand sanitizer is the next best option, though it is not able to eliminate all types of germs.
Lather: Once you've soaped up your hands, thoroughly lather all areas of your hands, including the areas between your fingers and under your fingernails.
Scrub: Scrub your lathered hands together—the CDC recommends that you spend at least 20 seconds on this step. If you need help keeping time, sing "happy birthday" to yourself twice.
Rinse: When you've scrubbed your hands for the proper amount of time, it's time to rinse off under clean, running water.
Dry: Last but not least, dry off your hands beneath an air dryer or with a clean paper towel.
HealthSmartVaccines is Fairfax County's go-to destination for vaccinations and immunizations, from routine flu shots to travel vaccines, as well as travel insurance and TB testing. To learn more about their health essentials, call (703) 961-0733 or visit their website.


HYDR8TAN TAN EXTENDER made from natural and organic Ingredients is a light, non-greasy, vanilla infused, moisturising and gradual self-tanning lotion. HYRD8TAN EXTENDER combines luxurious hydrating actives and the latest tanning technology to deliver a gentle colour lift to your skin. Use HYDR8TAN EXTENDER as a daily moisturiser to build up a perfect tan or to complement and extend your existing tan.
Enriched with Organic Aloe Vera, Glycerin, Jojobar Oil, Sunflower Oil, Shea Butter, Vitamin A and Vitamin E, your skin will be left feeling nourished, tightened and hydrated while you maintain your gorgeous glowing tan.
Apple to dry, lightly exfoliated, clean skin. Rub evenly and methodically into the skin in light sweeping motions. Focus on areas that are lighter in colour, dry or patchy to promote repair and colouration consistency. Wash and lightly exfoliate palms after use.


text:
Endangered Falcon Found On Island
Online Outdoor Gear Review Round-Up
Hunting and Fishing Access Expanding?
On June 1, researchers put leg bands on fuzzy Aplomado falcon chicks at Mustang Island State Park, where a pair of adult falcons occupy one of 67 artificial nest structures maintained along the Texas coast. A few days later, on June 5, scientists banded the 500th Aplomado falcon in Texas. It's all part of ongoing monitoring to maintain the success of a wildlife restoration effort begun decades ago.
The nonprofit Peregrine Fund, Texas Parks and Wildlife Department and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began the Mustang Island project in 2012, when 15 Aplomado chicks were released there. Controlled burning and other work to restore native coastal prairie have been essential to pave the way for reintroduction.
The Mustang Island project is part of broader restoration work in Texas, in which 997 birds were released into the wild at 27 Texas sites, including many private ranches, from 1993 to 2013. This year researchers observed approximately 65 Aplomado falcons along the Texas coast, down from the 100 observed the year before due to losses Hurricane Harvey, but still dozens more than before restoration work began.
The chicks at Mustang Island State Park will fledge (grow flight feathers) in about 10 days. They're expected to hang around for a few weeks and likely will be gone in two months.
State park visitors may see the adult falcon pair from State Highway 361 where it runs through the state park, although great care should be taken since parking along the highway is not ideal, and there are no park roads nearby. In recent weeks, the adult birds have been sitting on powerlines by the highway.
"They wait for smaller birds or large insects like big grasshoppers to fly by, then they swoop down and catch them in mid-air," said Eric Ehrlich, Mustang Island State Park interpreter.
Ehrlich regularly takes visitors out to see the birds, sometimes while they are hunting in the prairie or at other locations in the park that the birds use. Some visitors have traveled long distances to see the birds.
"Visitors have come from as far away as Canada," Ehrlich said. "These birds are really fascinating to watch."
Aplomado falcons are some of the world's fastest and most agile fliers. Aplomado is a Spanish word for dark grey, the color of the bird's back. Adults have a long banded tail and a black cummerbund, contrasting with a white upper body. A distinguishing characteristic is a white dash above each eye. They are typically 15‐17 inches in length and weigh 9‐14 ounces. The falcons feed primarily on small birds and insects caught in the air. They require open grasslands and savannahs where tall cacti, yuccas and taller pines and oaks grow in open stands. Aplomado Falcons nest in old stick nests of hawks and other birds constructed in tall yuccas and lay usually two or three eggs.
The northern Aplomado falcon (Falco femoralis) was placed on the federal endangered species list in 1986, primarily because of loss of the grassland prairie habitat where they hunt. In Texas, most of the native coastal prairie has been lost due to fire suppression, invasive brush encroachment and conversion of grassland to agricultural fields, housing and other uses. Conservation partners are working together to reintroduce the birds, and parks, refuges and private ranch lands are being managed to maintain natural grasslands for Aplomados and many other prairie species.
Since 1984, The Peregrine Fund has released Aplomado Falcons in wide‐open grassland
areas that provide native food and shelter. They are raised in captivity at The Peregrine Fund's
World Center for Birds of Prey in Boise, Idaho.
An increasing number of walleye are being stocked in Panhandle area lakes.
State Recommends Anglers "Go West"
Chevron Sponsors Bass Champs
They're Poaching Baby Elephants Now!


text:
<?php

defined('JPATH_PLATFORM') or die;

JFormHelper::loadFieldClass('text');

/**
 * Form Field class for the Joomla Platform.
 * Provides and input field for e-mail addresses
 *
 * @package     Joomla.Platform
 * @subpackage  Form
 * @link        http://www.w3.org/TR/html-markup/input.email.html#input.email
 * @see         JFormRuleEmail
 * @since       11.1
 */
class JFormFieldEMail extends JFormFieldText
{
	/**
	 * The form field type.
	 *
	 * @var    string
	 * @since  11.1
	 */
	protected $type = 'Email';

	/**
	 * Method to get the field input markup for e-mail addresses.
	 *
	 * @return  string  The field input markup.
	 *
	 * @since   11.1
	 */
	protected function getInput()
	{
		// Translate placeholder text
		$hint = $this->translateHint ? JText::_($this->hint) : $this->hint;

		// Initialize some field attributes.
		$size         = !empty($this->size) ? ' size="' . $this->size . '"' : '';
		$maxLength    = !empty($this->maxLength) ? ' maxlength="' . $this->maxLength . '"' : '';
		$class        = !empty($this->class) ? ' class="validate-email ' . $this->class . '"' : ' class="validate-email"';
		$readonly     = $this->readonly ? ' readonly' : '';
		$disabled     = $this->disabled ? ' disabled' : '';
		$required     = $this->required ? ' required aria-required="true"' : '';
		$hint         = $hint ? ' placeholder="' . $hint . '"' : '';
		$autocomplete = !$this->autocomplete ? ' autocomplete="off"' : ' autocomplete="' . $this->autocomplete . '"';
		$autocomplete = $autocomplete == ' autocomplete="on"' ? '' : $autocomplete;
		$autofocus    = $this->autofocus ? ' autofocus' : '';
		$multiple     = $this->multiple ? ' multiple' : '';
		$spellcheck   = $this->spellcheck ? '' : ' spellcheck="false"';

		// Initialize JavaScript field attributes.
		$onchange = $this->onchange ? ' onchange="' . $this->onchange . '"' : '';

		// Including fallback code for HTML5 non supported browsers.
		JHtml::_('jquery.framework');
		JHtml::_('script', 'system/html5fallback.js', false, true);

		return '<input type="email" name="' . $this->name . '"' . $class . ' id="' . $this->id . '" value="'
			. JStringPunycode::emailToUTF8($this->value, ENT_COMPAT, 'UTF-8') . '"' . $spellcheck . $size . $disabled . $readonly . $onchange . $autocomplete
			. $multiple . $maxLength . $hint . $required . $autofocus . ' />';
	}
}


McSAD First Assignment from James Huckenpahler on Vimeo.
On March 15th, McGyver School of Art + Design kicked off its inaugural class, beginning in the fall of 2014. On-site faculty interviewed 24 anonymous hopefuls who want to build a better art institution. Prospective applicants for the class of 2018 proposed strategies for a DIY school from the ground up. Responding on-camera, applicants created a foundational archive that will shape McSAD's first round of academic expansion. This combination thought experiment and brainstorming session introduced prospective students and the community at large to McSAD's innovative pedagogical structure -- one that emphasizes problem solving and skill acquisition through a real world, project-based curriculum.
How does a neighborhood define itself through sound? Intersection Mixtape is a soundscape built on interviews, soundwalks, online submissions, and song requests from Bloomingdale and Eckington residents.
Artist's collective, FURTHERMORE, has created a remix and have gifted it back to the community through an interactive listening party that was held on November 12th.