text:
What caused the imposition of strict celibacy for Catholic priests during the 11th century?
At the Second Lateran Council in 1139, the Catholic Church implemented a rule requiring all priests to remain celibate. Although the Church has already talked about being celibate for the previous 1000 years or so, it was not a required or enforced rule for everyone. What caused this to change in 1139? To clarify, I am looking for reasons outside of scriptural reasons, as the scriptural reasons are fairly cut and dry, that would influence the catholic church to re-address/solidify the rules on celibacy.
Some things I've seen from just googling are ideas that the priests were favoring there children in church appointments, or that the churches land was being given out to priests children, but I cant find any reliable sources on these matters.
middle-ages europe christianity catholic-church sexuality
Himarm
HimarmHimarm
I believe that it's, indirectly, one of the themes of Georges Duby's Le chevalier, la femme et le prêtre. I am not able to offer a summary, unfortunately. – Relaxed Sep 8 '15 at 20:31
Didn't this rule get implemented at a much earlier council? – Joe Sep 9 '15 at 0:20
@Joe it was a rule since about 300, but it wasnt followed at all and it became a big issue in the 900-1100's with people putting their children into appointed positions and essentially bogging the church hierarchy down – user12288 Sep 9 '15 at 2:23
@A.K, if it was already a rule, the question really should reference that, as it's very important to the context. – Joe Sep 9 '15 at 3:37
@Himarm, so you're asking why the church implemented the rule, but you don't want to know the reasons the church claims they implemented the rule? – Joe Sep 9 '15 at 7:15
Celibacy was part of the Church's identity, as well as a strategy for keeping wealth within the Church. The American historian and Vanderbilt Professor Katherine Crawford writes that:
Celibacy set the clergy apart, and instantiated patristic suspicions about sexuality as weakness and distraction from God within the moral architecture of the Church. The Church benefited practically from denying clerics the right to pass on property to their offspring: the property of the Church did not diminish. As with the laity, sexuality for the clergy had pragmatic elements at its core.
- Crawford, Katherine. European Sexualities, 1400-1800. Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Although the question sought to set aside biblical reasons, realistically, people's actions throughout history have been influenced by their belief system. In this case, Christian scriptures provide ample ideological reasons for celibacy, and moreover treats chastity as a virtue.
Quite logically, therefore, clerical celibacy was adopted as a badge of the church's spiritual superiority over the civil society at large. The late Belgian theologian Edward Schillebeeckx states, for example:
Continence among the clergy demonstrated the church's distinction from society.
- Edward Schillebeeckx. Celibacy. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1968.
Sexual continence was difficult to maintain, so the Catholic Church hit upon the idea of utilizing the celibacy of the clergy to mark both their separation from and their spiritual superiority to the laity ... Christians in Late Antiquity valorized sexual absitnence to such an extent that this became a marker of the spiritual elite.
By the 4th century, the chastity of the priesthood was enough of a universal concern that it was a topic at the first ecumenical council, held in Nicaea.
However, the requirements for celibacy in that council did not forcibly invalidate the unions of married clergy. Instead, their wives were regarded to be above suspicion. The University of Reading Professor Helen Parish describes the Eastern interpretation following Nicaea to be:
[R]eferences to the third canon in the East, including fifth century Theodosian Code, tended to make explicit reference to clerical wives in the list of women with whom clergy could be permitted to reside ... At the second Council of Nicaea in 787, and in the views of later canonists, it was assumed that the third canon of 325 referred only to unmarried bishops, celibates and monastics, and was not intended in any way to limit the activity of married clergy and their wives.
- Parish, Helen. Clerical Celibacy in the West: c. 1100-1700. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2013.
For obvious reasons, expecting married clergy to abstain from sex with their wives was unenforceable and widely ignored. This was particularly problematic because the Church had established celibacy as a core element of its identity. Although Eastern, and later Orthodox, Christianity continued down a moderate path, in the West reform-minded theologians were sufficiently troubled to be galvanised into action during the High Middle Ages.
That chaste marriage attained some popularity among the laity made claims for clerical superiority murky ... Recurrent complaints that clerics had failed to maintain celibacy (usually the children were the big tip off) led to efforts under the Carolingians to enforce it, but many priests lived openly with their wives or concubines.
Because the Church staked so much on celibacy, clerical sexual transgressions were a source of criticism.
Sexual transgressions of the priesthood were thus, in modern terms, a public relations disaster. It was the need to address this situation that (with ample help from ideological biases) helped fulled a renewed push for strict clerical celibacy in the 11th century and later.
Gregory's actions against the married clergy did not come from concerns surrounding the purity of those who celebrated the sacraments alone. Gregory's rhetoric was laden with references to obedience and obligation, and the eradication of clerical incontinence, like the eradication of simony, was part of a more general attack on a base manner of life that undermined the reputation of the church.
Married clergy were an obvious target for the reformers, who thus imposed increasingly forceful measures against clerical marriages in a bid to ensure clerical celibacy. Contrary to the impression of the question, however, clerical celibacy was not eliminated over night. The reforms were deeply and bitterly resented, and it took centuries for clerical marriages to go out of fashion.
Semaphore♦Semaphore
great answer, i saw this alot in googling, "The Church benefited practically from denying clerics the right to pass on property to their offspring: the property of the Church did not diminish." but i could never find anything other then passing reference to this, would it be prudent to ask about this issue in a separate question? – Himarm Sep 9 '15 at 13:45
@Himarm Follow up questions should always be asked in a separate thread, though I'm not sure what/how you want to ask about it. – Semaphore♦ Sep 9 '15 at 14:00
"a strategy for keeping wealth within the Church"..? doubtful since if church property would never have been given to the priests in the first place there would not have been a "need" to supposedly block them from passing it to their offspring. Anyway there would have been other mechanism to block the anyone inheriting such property rather than making draconian religious rules as this became (it could have been made a non-religious contract principle, for example). As it is now the church is unable to remove celibacy because it is perceived as coming from God rather than a human tradition. – alec Jun 19 at 3:49
It's wrong to ignore the biblical reasons (e.g. In Matthew 19:11-12) for celibacy but it's true that there were worldly ones.
The celibacy rule wasn't the only thing passed during that council.
Canon 2: Anyone who has bought a honor or office, shall be deprived of that. The person illegitimately dispensing that honor also shall be punished.
Canon 4: Injunction to bishops and ecclesiastics not to cause scandal by wearing ostentatious clothes but to dress modestly.
CANON 5 The Property of Dead Bishops Stays With the Chuch
Canons 6, 7, 11: Repeated the First Lateran Council's condemnation of marriage and concubinage among priests, deacons, subdeacons, monks, and nuns. It also deprives them of their income.
CANON 16 Ecclesiastical Office is Given According to Merit
CANON 21 Sons of Priests Must Be Debarred
CANON 24 Sacraments Shall Be Provided Free of Charge
(As evidenced by the gaps in numbering there were even more rules)
All those rules have a common theme: It should be really hard for anyone to personally profit from their position.
A motive for the wish to gain wealth (apart from the obvious one: greed) is to make your family and kin better off - which would take the money from the Catholic Church.
Lawrence Cunningham, a professor of theology at the University of Notre Dame, said the mandatory celibacy rules were adopted for many reasons, both theological and practical. Among the latter, he said, was the need to avoid claims on church property by priests' offspring. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/22/nyregion/22egan.html
Terminological precision:
Celibate = unmarried (cælebs = single, unmarried)
The Church has allowed married men to become priests. St. Peter, for example, was married.
Continent = not having sexual relations
The Church has
always required all (married or celibate) clerics to be 100% continent and
never allowed priests to marry after their ordinations.
The earliest condemnation of clerical incontinence is canon 33 of the Spanish Council of Elvira (ca. 305 A.D.):
We decree that all bishops, priests and deacons in the service of the ministry are entirely forbidden to have conjugal relations with their wives and to beget children; should anyone do so, let him be excluded from the honour of the clergy.
Quoted in Priestly celibacy in patristics and in the history of the Church by Roman Cholij
Prior to Lateran II, clerics could contract valid marriages, but they were illicit (illegal). Lateran II made such marriages also invalid:
Adhering to the path trod by our predecessors, the Roman pontiffs Gregory VII, Urban and Paschal, we prescribe that nobody is to hear the masses of those whom he knows to have wives or concubines. Indeed, that the law of continence and the purity pleasing to God might be propagated among ecclesiastical persons and those in holy orders, we decree that where bishops, priests, deacons, subdeacons, canons regular, monks and professed lay brothers have presumed to take wives and so transgress this holy precept, they are to be separated from their partners. For we do not deem there to be a [valid] marriage which, it is agreed, has been contracted against ecclesiastical law. Furthermore, when they have separated from each other, let them do a penance commensurate with such outrageous behaviour.
Historical context of Lateran II
Pope Innocent II, who convened Lateran II, was a strong reformer pope who had been in hiding the prior 8 years of Antipope Anacletus II's anti-papacy. Anacletus II came from a rich family who bought him the anti-papacy with a fortune made off economic crimes like usury.
GeremiaGeremia
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged middle-ages europe christianity catholic-church sexuality or ask your own question.
Is there any evidence that the Catholic Church slowed innovation during the Middle Ages?
Why were universities created in the 11th-12th century?
What would a Norseman in the early 11th century have worn as daily clothing?
What do "roses" represent in the history of Protestant vs Catholic conflict?
Why were Catholic priests prohibited from participating in ordeals but allowed to participate in inquisitions?
What divided the Roman Catholic church from the Orthodox church?
Has Catholic excommunication ever caused the dethronement of any king?
What was the death toll during the Inquisition?
Was rape common in Europe during the Middle Ages?
How did contemporaries view the Byzantine Empire during the 11th century?


Located on a tranquil island, Six Senses Yao Noi offers incredible views across the stunning limestone karsts and out to sea. The fantastical resort resembles something out of Alice in Wonderland.
This unique, natural environment epitomises the Six Senses philosophy of 'Redefining Experiences from arrival to departure'.
Set in Thailand's Phang Nga Bay with its famous rock outcrops, this specially designed spa village offers uncompromised luxury and a commitment to the environment.
The resort boasts 56 villas with infinity pools, all perched on a hillside offering amazing views. Each villa utilises local materials in the design including teak wood, palm leaves for the roof and bright soft furnishings. This is a rustic yet luxurious escape in a stunning location.
Around the resort guests are treated to a beautiful infinity-edge swimming pool with mesmerising views out to sea. Other activities include water sports, diving and snorkelling, with an experienced team on hand to guide you through the underwater world. When it all gets too much the world-renowned Six Senses Spa beckons and an afternoon of pure indulgence awaits. Treat yourself to Thai massages, couples rituals and facials.
The romantic setting is further enhanced by the exquisite dining scene. Choose from a number of clifftop outlets all offering Thai and international dishes and incredible vistas out to sea.
54 generously proportioned villas plus the Hilltop Reserve and the Retreat. All villas have their own infinity-edge pool and personal villa team.
Ocean Pool Villas are the same in layout and size as the Hideaway Pool Villa, but additionally offer wonderful views towards Phang Nga Bay.
Tucked amidst the foliage, the aptly named Hideaway Pool Villas offer 154 sqm of in and outdoor space, with a private 18 sqm infinity-edged pool and a double spa sala on the pool deck for private treatments. The terrace area has sun loungers and an outside dining area.There is a separate bedroom and a sitting room, plus a bathroom that features an outside shower.
The Ocean Deluxe Pool Villas offer 181 sqm of space spread over two floors. The entrance is at the top level and leads onto a decked area and a bedroom with open bathroom and shower. Stairs lead down to a separate air conditioned sitting room and en-suite bathroom on the lower swimming pool deck level. Views are towards Phang Nga Bay.
Ocean Panorama Pool Villas boast 180-degree unobstructed views of Phang Nga Bay. A generous 181 sqm of space includes a bedroom and a spacious sitting room, separated by an expansive outdoor terrace for lounging and alfresco dining and 18 sqm infinity edge swimming pool. The bedroom leads onto a large bathroom with outside shower.
Beachfront Pool Villa Suites boast beautiful views out to Phang Nga Bay, as well as a large garden leading from the private infinity-edge pool directly onto the beach. This duplex villa offers 228 sqm of space spread over two levels. The entrance is on the top level, which opens onto a decked area and bedroom with open bathroom and shower. Stairs lead down to a separate sitting room and en-suite bathroom on the lower swimming pool level.
Ideal for honeymooners or couples looking for something extra special, this newly renovated one-bedroom villa offers ultimate privacy and indulgence over a generous 2,422-sq ft villa. Up to two guests can enjoy a 360-degree view of Phang Nga Bay and the surrounding jungle and waterfall through glass walls, as well as a private infinity pool, cinema, and sunken dining area.
Yao Noi, 60 minutes transfer by road and sea from Phuket International Airport.


If you're someone who's ever suffered from a migraine, you're probably thinking "trust me, you'll know if you're having one!" And, as a neurologist who has treated thousands of migraine patients (and suffers from them myself) the difference between a migraine and a regular tension headache seems very clear to me, too.
But this is not always easy, and headache doctors don't always agree on any particular headache patient. So, if you're experiencing your first one or you've never been diagnosed as a "migraineur," recognizing your head pain as a migraine can be confusing.
If you have recurrent headaches or suspect you may be suffering from migraines, use this guide to migraine symptoms to help you correctly recognize a migraine and decide when it's time to get medical attention.
An intense pulsing or throbbing component to the pain, as opposed to the more mild, dull pressure of tension headaches.
The pain is localized on one side of the head.
The pain worsens with movement.
You experience sensitivity to light and sound.
The headache is accompanied by nausea, vomiting or dizziness.
You experience temporary blind spots or other visual disturbances.
You won't necessarily experience all of the above during a migraine episode, but if you do experience any these symptoms during your headache, it's very likely you are experiencing a migraine.
A less common, but a surefire sign that you're experiencing a migraine is if your headache is preceded by an aura, or sensory symptoms. The most prevalent type of auras is visual disturbances such as flickering lights, spots or zigzag lines called fortification spectra. Auras last anywhere from 5 to 60 minutes and are completely reversible.
We generally divide migraines into two types: migraine without aura (MWOA) and migraine with aura (MWA). Migraines with aura are actually the less common type of migraine headache (only about 20 percent of migraine sufferers experience an aura). If you don't experience auras, feel grateful—but don't rule out the possibility of a migraine.
For many migraine sufferers, a migraine is an inconvenience but not a debilitating condition. They use various coping strategies, prevention techniques and over-the-counter drugs to get through the migraine episode and never see a doctor about them.
But for others, these techniques are not enough. The migraine headaches themselves are debilitating and the treatments they are using aren't enough. Sometimes, migraine becomes intractable. That's when a person needs a headache specialist.
These are signs of conditions much more serious than migraine such as infection, stroke, bleeding, or other serious problems that demand rapid diagnosis and treatment by medical personnel.
How many migraines should you experience before you see a doctor? How bad do the migraines need to be to warrant medical attention? What if you're still not sure if what you're experiencing is a migraine?
You can begin to answer these questions by keeping a headache diary. For every headache you have, document when the headache happened; the symptoms you experienced with the headache (for example, aura, nausea, etc.); foods, drinks, or medications you had before the headache began; and any activities you participated in prior to the onset of the headache.
This information and any patterns that develop from it will help give you a more concrete idea of how often you're experiencing migraines and a clue into what could be triggering them. Note whether you have problems sleeping or have neck problems too. This is important info for your headache doctor to consider when treating you.
you have three or more headaches per week.
your headaches continue to worsen or don't really go away.
you're taking some type of pain reliever or over-the-counter medication almost every day to try to relieve your headaches.
your headache symptoms have recently changed.
you have more than four headaches a month.
A neurologist or headache specialist will be able to help differentiate a tension-type headache from a migraine as well as take a medical history and perform a complete neurological examination, both extremely important in the successful treatment of headaches. Using this information, they can start understanding what's triggering your migraines, evaluate the underlying contributory factor, and set up the best plan for treatment and management.
Overall, the main thing to remember is if your headaches are disrupting your life, it's time to take control. Pay attention to your symptoms, listen to your body, and know that migraines aren't something that just have to be suffered through.


text:
Army Scientist Seeks Enhanced Soldier Systems Through Quantum Research
DETECTION & PUBLIC SAFETY
INFRASTRUCTURE & TECHNOLOGY
BORDERS & MIGRATION
COMMERCE & ECONOMICS
by sdsiteserversecu551
Researchers at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the Joint Quantum Institute have created a pristine quantum light source that has the potential to lead to more secure communications and enhanced sensing capabilities for Soldiers.
ARL's Dr. Elizabeth Goldschmidt and JQI's Dr. Sunil Mittal and Prof. Mohammad Hafezi discuss this research in their paper titled "A topological source of quantum light," featured in the journal Nature.
Photons, the smallest amount of light that exists, are useful when it comes to carrying quantum information, which can be used for encryption to avoid interception from adversaries and enhanced sensitivity to the environment.
According to the researchers, one major part of the puzzle is that the photons must be undisturbed and as similar as possible in order for secure communications and Soldier systems to operate at the highest quality.
The research team has successfully developed a silicon chip that guides light around the device's edge, where it is protected from disruptions.
"Quantum sources, such as the one demonstrated in our research, are an enabling technology for integrated photonics-based scalable quantum networks and quantum information systems that require indistinguishable photons," Goldschmidt said
For this experiment, the researchers used silicon to convert infrared laser light into pairs of different-colored single photons.
Dr. Elizabeth Goldschmidt, U.S. Army Research Laboratory
"We injected light into a chip containing an array of miniscule silicon loops, and the light circulates around each loop thousands of times before moving on to a neighboring loop," Goldschmidt said.
According to Goldschmidt, the issue with the long journey the light takes, while necessary to get many pairs of single photons out of the silicon chip, is that small differences and defects in the material reduce photon quality.
"This is a problem for quantum information applications, as researchers need photons to be truly identical," Goldschmidt said.
To solve this issue, the team rearranged the loops in a way that allows the light to travel undisturbed around the edge of the chip, shielding the light from disruptions.
"This so-called topological protection uses the geometry of the system, rather than the local material properties, to guide the light," Goldschmidt said. "The relatively new field of topological photonics has focused to date on classical, rather than quantum, light fields and this work takes a step forward by demonstrating generation of quantum light in the topologically protected mode."
An added benefit to the silicon chip developed is that it works at room temperature unlike other quantum light sources that must be cooled down, making the process a whole lot simpler.
For Goldschmidt, this project opens up a new research chapter for her, and is one that she hopes includes similar collaborative opportunities.
"My research interests span many aspects of quantum optics, and this work has allowed me to learn more about the emerging field of topological photonics," Goldschmidt said. "I hope that this paper acts as a foundation for future work at the intersection of quantum optics and topological photonics and I am looking forward to continuing to collaborate with Professor Hafezi."
As far as next steps to turn this research into reality, the team has plans to improve this source by using waveguides with less unwanted absorption and will continue to study the quantum properties of their topological photonic system.
Thrill-Seeking, Search for Meaning Fuel Political Violence
What Happened in the Past When the Climate Changed?
sdsiteserversecu551 November 5, 2018
Report: Much of Africa Less Safe, Democratic Than in 2012
sdsiteserversecu551 January 25, 2023
Mexico Wants $700 Million from Ex-Official on Trial in U.S.
BORDERS & MIGRATION, DETECTION & PUBLIC SAFETY
Central American Gangs Raising Fears in Southern Mexico
After U.S. Offer, Germany Unleashes Leopard Tanks for Ukraine
Railway Made Swedish Villages and Towns Greener
#useourintel
©2022 Global Security Wire. Use Our Intel. All Rights Reserved. Washington, D.C.
PERMISSIONS AND POLICIES
©2021. Global Security Wire. Use Our Intel. All Rights Reserved. Washington, D.C.
I would like to receive critical industry news to my inbox.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Eileen Gu Claims Her First Title After Pledging to Ski for China
Categories: Sports Chauncey Jung Posted on February 19, 2020 February 19, 2020
Freestyle Skiier Eileen Gu at Youth Olympic Games in Lausanne, Switzerland in January 2020 (source: shutterstock)
Chinese skier Eileen Ailing Gu won her first gold medal since she announced that she would ski for China in the upcoming 2022 Winter Olympics. The 16-year-old won both the women's slopestyle gold medal and the women's halfpipe skiing event in the FIS World Cup held in Calgary, Canada.
Gu shared the news on her Weibo account, receiving over 19,000 likes on her post.
Born in San Francisco, California, Gu changed her national affiliation from American to Chinese in June 2019. The American-born skier sees the 2022 Beijing Olympic Winter Games as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. "I have decided to compete for China in the upcoming 2022 Winter Olympics. This was an incredibly tough decision for me to make," said Gu on her personal Instagram."I am proud of my heritage, and equally proud of my American upbringing. The opportunity to help inspire millions of young people where my mom was born, during the 2022 Beijing Olympic Winter Games is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to help promote the sport I love. Through skiing, I hope to unite people, promote common understanding, create communication, and forge friendships between nations. If I can help to inspire one young girl to break a boundary, my wishes will have come true."
According to the Olympic Charter, a competitor who is a national of two or more countries at the same time may represent either one of them. A competitor who has represented one country in the Olympic Games, or at a regionally competitive level can acquire a new nationality and participate in the Olympic Games to represent his new country provided that at least three years have elapsed since the competitor last represented their former country.
Inkstone reported in June 2019 that Gu will continue her school and training in the United States, and will visit China during summer breaks and for competitions. While multiple Chinese media outlets claim that Gu became a naturalized citizen of China and gave up her American citizenship, her citizenship status remains unclear.
Changing the country of affiliation does not necessarily mean changing one's nationality. While Chinese nationality laws do not recognize dual citizenship, it remains uncertain whether Gu acquired her Chinese nationality through naturalization or family heritage. Gu's mother was born in Beijing, China. Depending on her mother's immigration status in the United States at the time, Gu may have acquired Chinese nationality at the same time when she was born.
Since her engagements with the Chinese skiing team last June, Gu has been actively involved in the country's sports industry. The 16-year-old skier has signed contracts as a brand ambassador for several Chinese commercial brands including Anta Sports, Chinese dairy brand Mengniu and Red Bull.
Speaking to Chinese state media People's Daily after winning two gold medals, Gu was elated for her best performance in the event: "I never thought I would be able to win before the event, I was just trying to do my best. The best part of the competition is to have my own best performance, I am happy that I won."
Gu also said that she is trying to have a balanced lifestyle between school and competitions. The Chinese skier is aiming to finish her high school education in the coming year.
Tags: 2022 Winter Olympics | Chinese skiing team | Eileen Gu | gold medal
Adidas's Greater China Revenue Declines 15.9% in Second Quarter
Pandaily Posted on Aug 10 Aug 10
Adidas recently released its financial report for the second quarter of 2021, which showed that revenue for Greater China during the period was only 1 billion euros ($1.174 billion), down 16% year-on-year.
Categories: Sports
China's State Council Rolls Out Mass Fitness Program to Promote Digital Transformation of Sports Industry
Pandaily Posted on Aug 3 Aug 4
China's State Council issued a circular on August 3 to push forward an extensive new five-year mass fitness program. It proposes that by 2025, the proportion of people who regularly take part in physical exercise will reach 38.5% from 37.2%.
Chinese Streaming Platform iQiyi Signs 4-Year Deal with English Premier League
Pandaily Posted on Jul 22 Jul 23
According to an official news released by the English Premier League, Chinese streaming platform iQiyi has struck a deal with the English Premier League, giving iQiyi exclusive new media broadcast rights in Mainland China and Macao for the 2021 to 2024 football seasons.
Chinese Swimmer Sun Yang will Miss the Olympics after Court appeal
Chauncey Jung Posted on Jun 23 Jan 5
After appealing to the Court of Arbitration for Sports (CAS), Chinese swimmer Sun Yang received a less severe penalty from his previous confrontation with anti-doping officials in 2018. Rather than the previous eight-year-long ban, the well-known athlete will be banned from participating in competitions for four years and three months.
The Money-losing Game: Keeping Investors Engaged in Chinese Football
Tobias Ross Posted on Apr 20 Apr 20
When China's premier football competition, the Chinese Super League (CSL), kicks off on April 20 many things will be different on and off the pitch, notwithstanding the changed league format in which games will be played in two bio-secure 'bubbles' in Suzhou and Guangzhou due to the ongoing pandemic.


text:
When independents and third-party candidates decide to run in New Jersey, none have any delusions about winning. Not unless they are delusional.
Only once since 1844 has a third party or independent candidate for governor ever won more than 10 percent of the vote. And only two have won more than 5 percent, according to Smart Politics, a political research institute affiliated with the University of Minnesota.
More:NJ governor election: Here are 5 other candidates you might not know about
Not only have independents never won, but they have affected the outcome of an election just once, when independent Chris Daggett, a former commissioner of the state Department of Environmental Protection, won 5.8 percent of the vote in 2009, helping Chris Christie become governor. Daggett, whose showing was the best for an independent candidate in New Jersey in more than a century, mostly snatched votes away from Democrat Jon Corzine, whose bid for re-election fell short by fewer than 4 percentage points.
Here is some other trivia about New Jersey and third-party gubernatorial candidates:
• What's it take to get on the ballot for governor? You need to collect 1,000 signatures on a petition, be at least 30 years of age, have been a U.S. citizen for 20 years and a New Jersey resident for seven years.
• The best showing by an independent or third-party gubernatorial candidate in the state was in 1913, when Progressive Party nominee Everett Colby captured 11 percent of the vote.
• Only once in the past 35 years have there been fewer independent candidates on the ballot for governor than the five this year — in 1989, when there were four.
• In 1993, when Christine Todd Whitman won the gubernatorial election, there were 17 independent candidates. The top vote-getter among independents that year was Pat Daly, running as the Abortion is Murder candidate. Other labels represented included: Zero Sales Tax, You and I, Populist Party, Maximum Citizen Involvement, Common Sense Government and People Purpose Progress.
• In 1997, Libertarian Murray Sabrin had the best showing in more than a century by a candidate running on an established third-party ticket. He received 114,172 votes (4.7 percent) in the election won by Whitman. In the 2001 gubernatorial election, the Libertarian candidate received 4,682 votes. In the 1993 election, the Libertarian received 7,935 votes.
• The leading third-party vote-getter in the 2013 gubernatorial election was Libertarian Kenneth Kaplan (12,155).
• Of the state's 5.8 million registered voters (as of November), only 17,690 were affiliated with third parties, led by the Libertarian Party (5,493), Conservative Party (3,571) and Green Party (3,120).
Randy Bergmann is editorial page editor of the Asbury Park Press.


text:
Q: Install a source RPM from Fedora's rpms I found a great package on Fedora Package Sources. It is hosted as source codes.
The specific package is Syncthing, whose official website provides an rpm binary download. But I would like the installation to support automatic update upon yum update. So I figured I might just add the repository to yum and let yum install it from source, so that when later the package is updated, yum can recognize and update it. But I could not find how to achieve this despite a thorough Googling. Can any one shed some light for me? Thanks!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: database index in Active Record Associations let's imagine this situation.I have a article model and a sort model,and they have a one-to-many association.
the article migration is :
create_table :articles do |t|
  t.string :title
  t.string :content
  t.belongs_to :sort

  t.timestamps
end

the sort migration is :
create_table :sorts do |t|
    t.string :title

    t.timestamps
end

so the article will be added a filed named sort_id.
now,I want to add an index on the filed sort_id in table articles.
whether I can realize as follow:
   add_index :articles, :sort, :unique => true

or
  add_index :articles, :sort_id, :unique => true

A: add_index :articles, :sort_id, :unique => true


I recently attended a private symposium of Christian leaders—scientists, theologians, and pastors, along with other scholars. We were learning from each other and praising God for many corresponding revelations in God's two books: the Bible and nature. The value of each of God's books should come as no surprise to any Christian who has read Romans: "For since the creation of the world God's invisible attributes, God's eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly seen, being understood through what has been made" (1:20).


text:
kintone SDK for iOS (Deprecated)
===========

## This sdk has been deprecated. Please use [kintone-ios-sdk](https://github.com/kintone/kintone-ios-sdk)

version 0.1.1

## Requirement
ios 11 or later.
xcode 9 or later.

## License
This program is available under Apache license. See the LICENSE file for more info.

## Third party programs
This program includes third party programs. See the ThirdPartyProgramsLists file for more info.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Approved to drive means Sue-Li has provided their driver's license number and passed the Turo driver screening process.
I am a IT Manager, and I love to travel and the outdoors! Very responsible and have never damaged a rental car. :) I rent a lot because I travel for work all over the world.
Sue-Li replied within minutes of the reservation and even accommodated a slightly earlier pick-up. She maintained a steady line of communication and her car was amazing.
Rented Sue-Li's car for a day trip, and it was very convenient. She had the car ready at the pick up time, communication was easy, and drop off was a breeze.
Sue-Li's car was perfect, very nice car and was great for a day trip. Sue-Li was helpful and provided clear directions and instructions. Would rent from her again!
Sue-li and her husband took really great care of my van and returned it clean and on time.


Each of the following sections provides information, advice and guidance to help you make choices about your future.
There are also links to other sources of information. The first four sections are useful starting points – pick the one that describes you best or the next step you are going to take.
I am at college or 6th form, what can I do after my course?


First go to bitcoin.org, and download the right software for your platform.Bitcoin Knowledge Podcast - Interviews with top people in Bitcoin. The funds already donated will be spent on some sort of advertising, as intended.A former Federal Reserve employee was placed on probation and fined for operating bitcoin mining software on a government server for more than two years.
I have the following hardware: 2 x Intel Xeon E5 2660v3 256 GB RAM 3 x 500 GB SSD 1gbit dedicated network. In Cloud Server for Bitcoin Mining Pt. 1, we covered what bitcoin mining is and why most Cloud hosting providers do not allow bitcoin miners on their network. At the.The fee is an incentive for the miner to include the transaction in their block.The ESEA server client, commonly used as an anti-cheating measure in games of Counter-Strike, StarCraft 2 and Team Fortress 2, has been discovered to carry malware.How to install bitcoin mining software in Ubuntu 14.04. Bitcoin mining is very time consuming and you need a very powerful network of server machines to obtain.Find great deals on eBay for bitcoin server and bitcoin miner.As of now, 10.35799117 BTC was spent out of 22.51357574. If you have ideas for the remaining BTC, see here for more info.
Become the best Bitcoin miner and learn how to mine Bitcoins with the best Bitcoin mining hardware, software, pools and cloud mining.Any blocks released by malicious miners that do not meet the required difficulty target will simply be rejected by everyone on the network and thus will be worthless. This proof of work is verified by other Bitcoin nodes each time they receive a block.Find great deals on eBay for Bitcoin Miner in Miscellaneous Computer Components and Parts.The Bitcoin server distributed here is protected by SELinux and has some other.We previously collected donations to fund Bitcoin advertising efforts, but we no longer accept donations.
This ledger of past transactions is called the block chain as it is a chain of blocks.Dear community users, We have just developed a Free Bitcoin Cloud Mining server.This ongoing project will create a public Minecraft server with a Bitcoin.Spend less time worrying about front-end and more focusing on your products and projects and plans. 2015 BitVPS. All.Bitcoin hosting available for Shared hosting, VPS hosting, Dedicated servers, and DDoS protection.
New merchants are welcome to announce their services for Bitcoin, but after those have been announced they are no longer news and should not be re-posted.If you have a fairly powerful computer that is almost always online, you can help the network by running Bitcoin Core.
Bitcoin mining is intentionally designed to be resource-intensive and difficult so that the number of blocks found each day by miners remains steady. If you are new to Bitcoin, check out We Use Coins and Bitcoin.org. You can also explore the Bitcoin Wiki.Additionally, the miner is awarded the fees paid by users sending transactions.
This both serves the purpose of disseminating new coins in a decentralized manner as well as motivating people to provide security for the system. With paper money, a government decides when to print and distribute money.At first, miners used their central processing unit (CPU) to mine.
Bitcoin Cloud Mining. bitzfree.com offers the most interactive and simple bitcoin cloud mining solution.Trezor the bitcoin safe - the hardware bitcoin wallet - a step in the.MiningRigRentals.com focuses on providing a top level mining rig rental service.
It requires lots of specialized servers that are essentially unusable for normal computing and lots of cooling.During this time, there is unused server capacity that can be used for other operations.Well, before you get your undies into a bunch, stick with this for a bit.
CoiniumServ is a high performance, extremely efficient, platform-agnostic, easy to setup pool server implementation.Find all you need to know and get started with Bitcoin on bitcoin.org.Invest your Bitcoins in Cloud Mining Contracts for the Maximum Returns on your Investment.


St. Bernard was born at the castle of Fontaines, in Burgundy. The grace of his person and the vigor of his intellect filled his parents with the highest hopes, and the world lay bright and smiling before him when he renounced it forever and joined the monks at Citeaux. All his brothers followed Bernard to Citeaux except Nivard, the youngest, who was left to be the stay of his father in his old age. "You will now be heir of everything," said they to him, as they departed. "Yes," said the boy; "you leave me earth, and keep heaven for yourselves; do you call that fair?" And he too left the world. At length their aged father came to exchange wealth and honor for the poverty of a monk of Clairvaux. One only sister remained behind; she was married, and loved the world and its pleasures. Magnificently dressed, she visited Bernard; he refused to see her, and only at last consented to do so, not as her brother, but as the minister of Christ. The words he then spoke moved her so much that, two years later, she retired to a convent with her husband's consent, and died in the reputation of sanctity. Bernard's holy example attracted so many novices that other monasteries were erected, and our Saint was appointed abbot of that of Clairvaux. Unsparing with himself, he at first expected too much of his brethren, who were disheartened at his severity; but soon perceiving his error, he led them forward, by the sweetness of his correction and the mildness of his rule, to wonderful perfection. In spite of his desire to lie hid, the fame of his sanctity spread far and wide, and many churches asked for him as their Bishop. Through the help of Pope Eugenius III., his former subject, he escaped this dignity; yet his retirement was continually invaded: the poor and the weak sought his protection; bishops, kings, and popes applied to him for advice; and at length Eugenius himself charged him to preach the crusade. By his fervor, eloquence, and miracles Bernard kindled the enthusiasm of Christendom, and two splendid armies were despatched against the infidel. Their defeat was only due, said the Saint, to their own sins. Bernard died in 1153. His most precious writings have earned for him the titles of the last of the Fathers and a Doctor of Holy Church.


text:
2021 Case Competition!
About HKSGV
Launched in 2016, Hong Kong Shared Good Values (HKSGV) is a movement inspired by "creating shared value" (CSV), a business concept that Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer introduced in Harvard Business Review. CSV is not about redistribution and donation, but a new way for companies to achieve economic success while improving social and environmental conditions in the regions where their businesses operate. Anchoring on its motto "reconnecting economic success with social progress", HKSGV aims to promote "Do Good, Do Well" business concepts in Hong Kong through organising education initiatives, corporate training, knowledge exchange summits and network building events. All of its programmes are designed based on three programme strategies – building corporate culture, assessing social impact and creating shared value.
Corporate Culture Building
We organise management training workshops in areas relating to creating shared value, design thinking, and other human-centric management approaches.
We put together classes on how to better measure and assess social impact of CSV, CSR, and other sustainability projects initiated by both NGOs and corporates.
We host summits and case competitions about creating shared value concepts, targeting members from the business sectors, members of the public, and students.
© 2021 Hong Kong Shared Good Values
facebook.com/hksgvcc
connect.hksgv@gmail.com
HKSGV Secretariat, 23/F, Wofoo Commercial Building, 574-576 Nathan Road, Mong Kok, Hong Kong


OWEN LUEBBERS LOVES a bit of tap. He's a regular Michael Flatley.
The 16-year-old has gained quite a bit of notoriety on Vine by Irish dancing along to pop music clips in a strangely hypnotising fashion.
Speaking to Buzzfeed, Luebbers said he's been dancing since he could walk, and wanted to freshen up the 'traditional' dance by doing it to pop music.
Owen is from Philadelphia and a massive Irish dancing star in the States. He's ranked second in the world in his age group.
There are literally dozens more, and they're all a joy. Check out Owen's Vine for the lot.


text:
Back to Fastener Library
Fastener Library: Sheet Metal Gauge Chart
Sheet Metal Gauge Chart
Standard steel, galvanized steel and aluminum are all used to make a useful material called sheet metal. Sheet metal derives its name from the fact that it is formed into thin, flat pieces that make it extremely easy to work with. The right tools can then let you can bend, shape, roll and cut sheet metal into your desired shape. This quality gives it a variety of practical uses. Sheet metal is commonly used in:
Medical tables and storage units
Building facades
In this guide, we will explain how sheet metal is measured and the kinds of screws it works well with, both of which are important to know when working with sheet metal. All Points Fasteners has all of the fasteners and other tools you need for your next sheet metal project. We offer unparalleled customer support, so we will help you find the exact sheet metal screw you need.
What Does Gauge Mean in Sheet Metal?
The actual thickness of the metal sheet is indicated as a unit of measurement referred to as "gauge." Lower gauge numbers indicate a thicker metal sheet, and higher gauge numbers refer to a thinner metal sheet. The numbers have no relevance to common measurements, like inches or millimeters, as they are independent of these measuring systems.
The standard sheet metal gauge range begins at 30 on the thin end and drops down to 7 at the thicker end of the scale. However, the actual thickness and corresponding gauge will differ depending on the type of metal. Many metals can be produced in gauges up to 36 or down to 3, which is way beyond the average range.
Sheet Metal Gauges and Sheet Metal Screws
Screws used for fastening sheet metal to wood or metal objects are typically manufactured from either standard steel, galvanized steel or aluminum. As you can see on the sheet metal gauge chart below, the metal gauge thickness will vary significantly depending on the metal.
For instance, a sheet of 30-gauge standard steel measures 0.012 inches, which is slightly smaller than 30-gauge galvanized steel at 0.0157 inches and slightly larger than 30-gauge aluminum at 0.01 inches. On the thicker end, 9-gauge standard steel is 0.1495", which is slightly less than 9-gauge galvanized steel at 0.1532 inches and slightly more than 9-gauge aluminum at 0.1144 inches.
You will also notice that the gauge ranges between these metal types differ. Standard steel has the largest range, running from 3 to 36, closely followed by aluminum from 3 to 35. Galvanized steel has the smallest range from 9 to 32.
Sheet Metal Gauges
Use this steel gauge chart to compare the thicknesses of various kinds of sheet metals. The gauge measurement is in the left column, running from thick to thin. The remaining three columns indicate the thicknesses of standard steel, galvanized steel and aluminum metal sheets in inches.
click chart to enlarge
Types of Sheet Metal Screws Available From All Points Fasteners
All Points Fasteners is your headquarters for high-quality sheet metal screws at affordable prices. We offer two popular kinds of screws in various sizes:
Type A screws: Type A sheet metal screws include threads with wider spacing, making them better suited for use with nested, punched and drilled holes in thin metal materials, asbestos combinations or plywood.
Type A/B screws: Type A/B screws feature a higher number of threads per inch like Type B screws and the locating point of Type A screws. They work best in less stable materials.
Our specific versions of sheet metal screws include:
Phillips Truss Head: The truss head has a mushroom-like shape, which creates a large bearing surface while maintaining a low profile.
Phillips Flat Head: The flat head is countersunk and keeps the surface smooth and even.
Phillips Pan Head: The pan head is one of the most common types of round screw heads and is used when the application needs a flat-bottomed screw.
HVH Slotted: The screw head has one straight slot across it and is a cost-effective solution.
Phillips Oval Head: The oval head is countersunk and provides a decorative round finish.
Our sheet metal screws are produced from premium 20-gauge standard steel sheet metal with a zinc coating for additional corrosion protection. As you can see on the metal thickness gauge chart, 20-gauge sheet metal has a thickness of 0.0359 inches, so our screws are durable through any application.
Contact Us to Learn More About Our Sheet Metal Gauge Chart
For all of your sheet metal screw needs, come to All Points Fasteners. We have a large variety of fasteners available, making it easy for you to find what you need. If we do not have what you want, we will find it for you and get it to you quickly. We believe that by doing whatever it takes to meet the needs of every customer, we can establish long-term, mutually beneficial relationships. Our high-quality products work well for contractors in industries like roofing, HVAC and others.
In addition to offering domestic-quality sheet metal screws and other fasteners at imported prices, All Points Fasteners provides a level of customer support that is unmatched in our industry. Unlike our competitors, we make a live chat feature available, so you can ask our knowledgeable support staff about product specifications and receive reliable product selection guidance. Our team will answer all of the questions you have about our fasteners, making you confident in your purchase.
Feel free to contact us for further clarification regarding the sheet gauge chart and how it applies to the production of sheet metal. To get in touch with us, fill out the contact form on our website or give us a call at 800-483-6354 today.
First & Last Name* Phone (with area code)*


text:
GDP Italy, OECD raises estimates for 2021 and 2022
Italian growth will mark an increase of 4.5% in 2021 with the acceleration of the introduction of the vaccine and + 4.4% in 2022. This is what emerges from the new OECD Outlook which revises the March estimate upwards (respectively to + 4.1% and + 4%). For the OECD, Italian GDP should reach 2019 levels in the second half of 2022. "Further support from fiscal policy will stimulate growth in the second half of 2021 and preserve production capacity, but will also increase public debt levels. L 'Acceleration of global growth will support the rebound in production, exports and investment, the latter will also benefit from higher public investment. Consumption will pick up as restrictions on mobility are removed and employment growth picks up, "says the 'OECD. "The government budget seeks to promote greener, digitized and inclusive growth, using EU funds from Generation EU together with generous incentives for hiring and investment. Growth-enhancing structural reforms are bound to accompany these efforts," he adds, underlining that "the effective implementation of the national recovery plan and resilience requires the realization of the announced ambition of a goal-oriented, digitized and agile public sector". On the productive fabric front, "the strong manufacturing production contrasts with the weakness of activity in the sectors of high contact intensity services", notes the organization, adding that tourism, "which in 2019 represented 6.4% of GDP, continued to contract, particularly with regard to flights and overnight stays. Household spending was heavily influenced by confidence and business restrictions ". Italian debt flies: 160% in 2021 Italian debt soars to 160 % in 2021 under the weight of the measures to support the economy to contain the impact of Covid, but a reduction is entrusted to the return of growth supported by the NRP, the OECD still notes in the Outlook. The organization explains that the Italian government intends to maintain support policies for a certain period with the consequence of an increase in the deficit in 2020 and 2021 and a path of gradual return to below 3% in 2025. forecasts an increase in public investment public investment to 3.1% of GDP in 2022 and the debt-to-GDP ratio to almost 160% in 2021. To reduce medium-term public debt levels, the government will rely above all on greater growth, in part thanks to the rapid deployment of EU funds "of the Next generation Eu plan." Effective implementation is essential to implement the government's recovery plan ", underlines the OECD. And again: for the OECD in Italy with the stop to the moratoriums on bank loans, extended until December 31, 2021, would lead to an increase in business failures "The great stimulus of the government, the increase in vaccination rates and the relaxation of restrictions will drive economic recovery year. The manufacturing sector and exports will drive the recovery as global growth rebounds, supporting private sector investment. Increased public investments, including those based on the Next Generation EU, will further contribute to attracting private investment. The service sector will recover with the relaxation of restrictions and the vaccination of the population most at risk ", writes the OECD, noting instead that" bankruptcies will increase in 2022 when the debt moratoriums with the normalization of activity ". In the short term, the system "for the administration of bankruptcy cases and civil courts will need additional resources and to automate certain processes to manage the increase in" bankruptcy "cases that will follow the removal of support measures". new hires only in 2022, especially for women and young people "A simpler and leaner regulatory environment that supports competition, particularly in the service sectors, would encourage employment and investment", increasing the impact of the NRP, explains the 'OECD underlining the importance of a more coordinated approach to taxes aimed at accelerating the green transition. be unemployment and would facilitate the transition to better-paid jobs especially for vulnerable people – women and young people in particular. "The possibility of new hires, especially for low-skilled individuals such as women and young people, will only return in 2022. In the meantime, the global recovery continues, reaching 6% (5.8%) this year, but the expected rebound after the pandemic remains uneven, notes the OECD chief economist Laurence Boone in the editorial of the new Outlook. " some relief that we can see a brightening in the economic outlook, but with some unease we notice that this happens in a very erratic way. Among the new outbreaks of the virus, less frequent but more widespread around the world, global growth continues to recover – he says – we expect global production to increase by almost 6% this year, an impressive surge after the 3½ contraction. % in 2020 ". World GDP is estimated to grow by 4.4 in 2022." While the recovery will bring most of the world to pre-pandemic GDP levels by the end of 2022, this is far from sufficient " , stresses the chief economist OECD. "The global economy remains below its pre-pandemic growth path and in too many OECD countries, living standards by the end of 2022 will not have returned to the level expected before the pandemic".
From the Zoom effect to Whatsapp fast audios
OECD: in Italy vaccines and fewer restrictions will guide the recovery
Energy, Unc: "Government intervenes to reduce cost of bills"
Fear of Covid does not decrease, Italians are increasingly protected with insurance
Tim, Ugliarolo (Uilcom): "On the table 100 thousand jobs, we will not make discounts"
One thought on "GDP Italy, OECD raises estimates for 2021 and 2022"


text:
Hammer Smashed Face este un EP al trupei Cannibal Corpse lansat în 1993 prin casa de discuri Metal Blade Records.

Piese
 "Hammer Smashed Face"  – 4:04
 "The Exorcist"  – 4:37
 "Zero the Hero" (cover Black Sabbath) – 6:35
 "Meat Hook Sodomy" – 5:47
 "Shredded Humans" – 5:12

Albume din 1993
Albume death metal
Albume Cannibal Corpse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Description: Check out the Puerto Vallarta gay vacation resource provides up-to-date info on fine dining spots, beaches and relaxing tropical getaways, activities, tours and tourist attractions. Learn about health spas, local services and climate, as well as the splendid downtown Malecon boardwalk with its nightly performers and public art works. Browse numerous vacation rentals, many with terrific sunset and Banderas Bay views, such as Vista del sol, Playa bonita, Plaza dorada and the Molino de Agua. Read up on a high-energy nightlife full of discotheques, Mexican cantinas and gay nightclubs like La Margarita, Garbo, Pacos Ranch and cabaret bar The Palm. Learn about art galleries featuring local and national sculptors and painter, interesting things to see and do, hiking and horseback riding, annual Puerto Vallarta gay festivals, and the lovely famed botanical gardens. Many photos and holiday tips for the traveler about where to dine, shop, relax and stay.


Does your shop offer Body Piercing?
invented. These were very blunt and unsterile Techniques, and are heavily frowned upon now. In the early 1980s, Modern Techniques were invented and the first Studios began to open by the end of the decade. The movement of Modern Body Art seems to have started on West Coast but has now gone global with club kids all over the world sporting Eyebrow Piercings, Nose Rings and heavily-stretched Ear Loops. Knowing as much as you can about the procedures used in Body Piercing, about healing and aftercare, or potential legal limits before you get anything done to your body can help ensure you have a better and more successful experience in the long run.
$70- Bridge piercing - horizontal piercing through the bridge of the nose, sometimes also called an "earl" after one of the first people to have this piercing.
$70- Cheek piercing - can imply surface piercings in the cheek, but more often refer to piercings which run from inside the mouth to the surface of the face.
$60- Chin (labret Piercing) - can be a labret piercing in that area, or a piercing in the surface of the face below the mouth.
$60- Conch piercing - of the main shell of the ear.
$80- Daith piercing - inner ear cartilage piercing done just above the opening to the ear canal.
$40- Ear piercing - almost any part of the ear can be piercing now, but most often, it's the lower lobes where the tissue is soft.
$50- Eyebrow piercing - anywhere along the ridge of the eyebrow. An anti-eyebrow is a surface piercing through the upper cheek, placing it below the eye area, opposite from the eyebrow.
$70-Industrial - multiple ear piercings worn with one piece of jewelry (barbell).
$40-Jungle piercing - straight out the front of the nose.
$50-Labret piercing - lip, most often referring to lower lip piercing. A madonna is a labret placed to look like a beauty mark. A medusa is the name sometimes given to a labret the is in the middle of the top lip.
$40-Nostril (nose piercing) - anywhere along the rim of the nostril opening.
$50-Tongue piercing - this muscle can be pierced right through the middle, along the rim, or through the webbing underneath.
Most professional piercings that get infected are due to lax aftercare. Most home piercings that get infected are due to lack of sterile technique. In other words, don't pierce yourself at home and be sure to talk with your piercer BEFORE YOU GET PIERCED to make sure you know what you're really getting into.


The warm weather has arrived and so has the Memorial Day Weekend, which usually kicks off camping season! If you're new to camping, you might ask yourself 'What the heck do I need to pack?' Here are some items to consider adding to your camping essentials checklist.
With these items, you'll look good, feel good and sleep well!


Backache can be one of the most debilitating illnesses that affect many adults and senior citizens. The lower back pain right side can have several causes from lifting heavy objects, incorrect posture, weight issues among other causes. Fortunately for you, no matter the cause of your back pain, it can be cured in six weeks or less. All that must be done is finding the cause of the pain and getting rid of it!
The most common type of back pain often experienced by most people is lower back pain right side of the body. While many physicians seek to only address the symptoms with medication, there is an easier way to get better. By finding out the cause for the back pain, a much more effective treatment can be started.
Lower back pain right side is very mutual and probably the main causes are the muscles strains. Strains often happen in your legs or spine. In addition to spinal muscle strain, right side back pain can be caused by other medical conditions, like: kidney diseases, urinary tract infection, gallbladder problems, scapular fracture or exactly spinal problems – lumbar muscle strain, sciatica, slipped or herniated disc. Improper posture also could be the reason of Lower Right Side Back Pain. For most people, bad posture, misalignment of muscles, back injuries, poor posture when weight lifting and being overweight can all contribute significantly to developing lower back pain right side.
Anyway the lower back pain right side mostly caused by serious medical diagnosis. This is why it is so important to understand and distinguish the several sources of low right side backache.
Improving one's posture is one of the easiest and best ways to get rid of pain the low back especially on the lower right side of the body. Good posture helps the spine do the job it was meant to do, which is support your body and keep it erect. In this way all your muscles are aligned well and weight is equally distributed on your feet. There is also no unnecessary pressure on your back and hence back pain will be greatly reduced.
Back injuries are also a leading cause for back pain. Proper care must be taken to first of all prevent these back injuries from ever happening. In the unfortunate case that a back injury has occurred, one way to reduce the amount of lower back pain right side felt is to engage in stretching exercises. These exercises will keep muscles well balanced which will in turn significantly lessen the amount of pain felt in the back.
When you are picking up something or intending to lift a heavy object, care must be taken in the form your body takes during this task. Never bend from the waist. Always bend from the knees. Maintaining a healthy diet and keeping in good are also excellent ways to fight any pain, including lower back pain right side .
Best solution for your spinal pain problems is the same as for any serious health problems – go to the doctor. But if it is an emergency you definitely can use several simple solutions, including different stretching techniques to ease pain and prevent future problems with back pain. Also your physician may prescribe short-term use some painkiller medications or a muscle relaxant. Physical therapy, acupuncture, massage with the ice or with the heat could be useful too. Maybe the best advice for treatment for acute lower back pain right side is to continue to keep yourself active as possible.
Another problem when you're feeling low back pain in the right side could be the kidney problems. Kidney pain and back pain can be difficult to distinguish, but kidney pain is usually deeper and higher in the and back located under the ribs while the muscle pain with common back injury tends to be lower in the back. The kidneys are positioned on either side of the spinal column, under the ribcage. The right kidney does locate a little lower than the left, produce it even more probable to be a source of low back pain if kidney is infected, irritated, or inflamed. Mutual kidney complications may be based on kidney stones and kidney infection.
Another diagnosis, related to lower back pain right side could be the Appendicitis. This condition occurs when the appendix, located in the lower right hand side of the abdomen, becomes inflammation and/or ruptures. It may cause sharp, intense lower right back pain and/or pain on the lower right side of the abdomen. Symptoms vary and may include nausea, vomiting, or fever.
Patient 1: Suffering from a sharp pain radiating down his back and right side of his buttocks or calf, pain that increases when he sit, a numbness/burning sensation, and weakness in the right side of the back.
Avazo: Most likely he has a Pinched Nerve/Sciatica. Sciatica is actually a symptom of another injury and not a condition itself, confusing right? Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed or pinched as a result of another spinal injury such as a herniated disc, degenerative disc disease, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, and si joint dysfunction to name a few.
Patient 2: She does experiencing pain that comes and goes, stiffness (usually in the morning), numbness, tenderness, lower back pain right side that runs down to her buttocks and thighs, difficulty walking or bending, and an aching type of discomfort.
The term 'arthritis' refers to the swelling or inflammation in your joints. If you're diagnosed with osteoarthritis or arthritis in your back, your facet joints have become inflamed. For every bone in your spine, you have three joints accompanying it; two facet joints and one spinal disc. These discs have a lot of stress and tension placed on them as they work to hold together your spine. Many individuals over 50 years of age are at a high risk for some sort of spine arthritis.
Patient 3: Does experiencing severe pain on right side of the back (below ribs), deep pain, pain located in my abdomen sometimes spreading down to his groin, painful urination, nausea, and fever/chills.
Our two kidneys function as the removal of excess fluid and waste from our body and are located in the upper abdominal area lying directly against the muscles in our back. One common cause of kidney pain is having kidney stones or kidney flank pain. Kidney stones are small mineral deposits that are formed inside of your kidneys, and when they stick together, the passing of kidney stones occur.
Patient 4: Last months he experiencing soreness or tenderness in low back, pain that occurs suddenly, muscular spasms, pain that increases when patient stand, walk, or twist, stiffness in the back, and sore muscle/tendon weakness.
Muscle strain happens when the muscles and ligaments in your body are overstretched or torn. This type of strain usually causes the area to become inflamed. This inflammation can create a lot more problems for an individual, including back spasm – which can be extremely severe.
Patient 5: Saying, that he does experiencing sharp, radiating, or piercing pain in the legs/hip, numbness or tingling sensation, muscle weakness, and pain that worsens when he moves.
At birth, your spinal discs are composed of around 80% of water but as you age, you tend to lose some of this water content. In order for your spine to function properly, these discs must be well hydrated. When these discs lose that water content, they become less flexible, leading to a herniated disc. A herniated disc is when the inner core ruptures, it then pushes through the crack of the outer piece.


Tart cranberry sauce tastefully complements the distinctive flavor of SmokeMaster Black Forest Ham for a smokey-sweet delight. Layer in Vermont Cheddar Cheese and baby greens amid toasted ciabatta bread for an extraordinary panini perfect for breezy sun-drenched afternoons.
Heat Panini press to medium heat.
On a clean work surface, spread butter on one side of each slice of bread.
Lay 2 slices of Vermont Cheddar Cheese on the unbuttered side of one slice of bread. Top with ham, cranberry sauce, baby greens and remaining cheese.
Heat sandwich on Panini press for 5-8 minutes or until cheese is completely melted.


13 1/4 Inch Antique Nickel Pomona Wall Sconce - This wall sconce features an attractive flower shaped back plate and a smooth, fabric shade. Measures 13 1/4 inches tall by 6 1/2 inches wide. Takes one E12 Candelabra base bulb up to 60 watts.


text:
From lending money to raising money
by Jane M. Von Bergen, Posted: May 5, 2014
Except when they are begging the government for a bailout, bankers don't usually need to do fund-raising. So, in 2006, when Wachovia bank regional president Vikram H. Dewan became chief executive at the Philadelphia Zoo, he had to add fund-raising to his job description.
"I like doing it," he told me during our Leadership Agenda interview published in Monday's Philadelphia Inquirer. "A huge part of any person's role at the zoo, including mine, is fund-raising.
"There are many people who say, `ooh, that's the worst part of the job,'" he said. But, "I like it when I can see how people can get excited about the difference they are making, if you can translate it into something that matters to a person.
"I don't know that there's a secret to it," he said. "If you are a good listener and you are able to understand what a donor's intention is, your role is to translate that intention into a reality. Then you are really helping them bring their dreams to life, as opposed to [what] many people believe that fund raising is -- twisting somebody's arm to do what they would otherwise not do.
"That can never be a successful fund raising strategy," he said.
"Long term, you have to tap into what people care about," Dewant said.
For example, Dewan explained, if you find out that the potential donor wants to make a difference with his or her life in the lives of others, then you can say, "`We have an internship program here, I'd like you to be a part of that. I'd like you to mentor a high school junior from a Title One school [and say] how the experiences that shaped your life can help you shape theirs. And I'd like you to be involved in it financially.'
"That is not a hard conversation for me to have with anybody and neither is one where I say, I'd like you to give at this level and they say, `I can't do this this year.' That's not a hard conversation, because then you say, `Well, I hope next year you can do more.'''
Click here to read my recent story on the demons that bedevil people who raise funds for a living.
Posted: May 5, 2014 - 3:50 AM
Jane M. Von Bergen
U.S. weekly unemployment claims jump to 965,000 as coronavirus takes toll
Christopher Rugaber, Associated Press
Delaware County DA is charging a contractor with misclassifying its workers
Juliana Feliciano Reyes
Your rights when you're looking for a job and you have a criminal record
Nick Vadala
U.S. Labor Dept. sues to void Local 98 leadership election, alleging Johnny Doc and others threatened union rivals
Jeremy Roebuck
U.S. unemployment claims slipped last week to a still-high 787,000
The 10 most important figures in Philadelphia labor in 2020


As a long-time ICCA judge and short-time music-on-TV blogger, I'm always entertained when someone or something helps me put a finger on (or, even better, explain) an issue that's been bugging me about performance in general, particularly trends in collegiate a-cappella (like comedy sketches in the '80s and '90s, or like the VP quarantine in the '00s) and even semi-pro a-cappella (I knew that "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" was popular once, but I didn't know it was this popular.) With that in mind, a recent listen to an album by a well-established group crystallized for me an issue I've had since high school: groups singing songs in a style that's wrong for their voices, and recording them that way for posterity to boot. Case in point: Chanticleer's new album Someone New, a beautiful bundle of musical confusion.
I am ashamed to say that while I have heard of Chanticleer since 1992 (starting with the rec.music.a-cappella FAQ), I had never actually heard them— except for their short but very funny video a few years ago— until two weeks ago, when I was my father-in-law's plus-one for a private concert at his church in downtown Brooklyn. The concert was part of Chanticleer's tour which is both promoting their new album and presenting their fascinating "She Said/He Said" program of choral works. The first half of the show was a bewildering array of pieces spanning from the Renaissance to the early 20th century, and was sung with impeccable precision and a blend to die for. The second half was an abrupt switch to more contemporary choral and pop-oriented arrangements, established by a ceremonial Collection Of The Binders, and that second half was… different. I can't say it was unpleasant to listen to, but just perhaps not quite entirely in their wheelhouse. Issues that I was happy to overlook in a live setting, though, are very prominent on their new album, which features many of those same songs and pieces.
Considering this group's been going at it since 1978, there are so many examples of them violating Musical Economics 101: Do what you're best at, and that will yield the best result. Adding to my funny feeling about this project is their liner notes and ad copy. "The original inspiration for this album came from listening to our basso profundo Eric Alatorre improvising low notes and bass lines to the car radio while on tour." In other words, like how college pop groups have gotten their inspiration since before Deke Sharon invented music in 1991. "Ground-breaking a-cappella works." Er... maybe 15% of the tracks are groundbreaking.
And I'm not saying that groups should never try to sing in different genres, or that people in general shouldn't expose themselves to the dizzying variety of styles available to them (as an elementary educator, I have 3rd-graders singing a Trinidadian folk song one week and a Taiwanese lullaby the next, and I encourage them to sing out loud because everybody should feel free to sing like nobody's listening, to misquote a trendy inspirational aphorism). I'm just saying that regardless of a group's technical proficiency— and Chanticleer has that in spades— said group, particularly outside of an insular and self-congratulatory atmosphere like a high school or college, should know when their tone color does not match an entire genre, or at least know to turn the vibrato down when they need to.
Lest anyone think I'm just writing a takedown piece, I'll happily mention the positives first. There are two standout tracks that are worth the price of the album, and in fact were the two reasons my father-in-law and I bought the CD based on their performances at the concert. Steve Hackman's "'Wait' Fantasy," a contemporary-choral mashup of M83 and Emily Dickinson, absolutely stunned the crowd in an echoey sanctuary, and is maybe even more stunning on record with the voices up in your face. This piece uses the entire collective vocal range of this group to stunning effect. (Yes, I used some form of "stun" three times, and I stand by that.) Dissonant clusters and dueling duets and trios lead into soaring block chords on the choruses; in the last third, parallel modal figures in the countertenors fight against baritone chords, and even though this is a decidedly choral arrangement, it's got a rhythmic propulsion that is, ironically, unlike anything else on this ostensibly pop-centric album.
The other standout, not coincidentally featuring the inspiration for this album, is "Ring of Fire" (of Johnny Cash fame), with the aforementioned basso profundo Eric Alatorre on a low lead that made my living room shake, and that was just from playing it through my laptop speakers. Just when you think he's hit bottom on a low D-flat, he briefly jumps down to a double-low B-flat, and it still sounds like he's in the meat of his range. Insanity. And, oh, there's a beautiful ballad arrangement under (over?) him by friend-of-the-group Michael McGlynn that uses contemporary pop harmonies (like the always handy add9) and progressions (like the Dan-ish IV9sus to V9sus) without being overtly poppy or going the other way into jazz-land, and contrasting sparse with meaty voicings just right.
"Hamburg Song" is a group-harmony arrangement of what I assume is a pleasant pop ballad, set up with a quasi-chorale in the German. This works overall because group harmonies in a choral vein is their strength, particularly in the bridge, where there are some beautiful pulsing layers going on. The Jobim classic "Chega De Saudade (No More Blues)" is a good choice for them, as bossa nova is probably the flavor of jazz that their types of voices fit into best. Speaking of which, as jazz arrangements go, it's quite good and full of good crunchiness in spots; having a bass as low as theirs— who can effortlessly drop to notes that most people only dream about singing— makes it easy to set a convincing bossa groove, although the handheld shaker seems to be going at double time, which makes for a strange fight with the bass for time-signature establishment.
But notice how I had to qualify my liking of those last two songs by mentioning that group is singing in "their strength" or in a genre "that their types of voices fit into best." Much of other material doesn't work for them because, well, it's not their thing. For example, considering some the amazing things that we'll hear later on, the opening track "I Feel Better" is not a good way to set the table. You need to work hard to not get awesomeness out of a Darmon Meader arrangement, particularly one with an introduction that's so obviously inspired by Take 6, and, sad to say, they choral-ize the heck out of this, just letting their vibratos hang out like it doesn't matter.
"Somebody To Love" (popularized by Queen in 1975) is odd too. The falling figure that turns "find me" into five syllables is one of several stacked parts on Queen's original, but is awkwardly exposed as a mass unison here; same with "to" split into two syllables. Why do so many choral arrangers, particularly those who cater to school ensembles, find it so necessary to transcribe every stylized note of a pop tune's lead and put it in group parts? So awkward. In the end, Queen's opening is a pop group putting on choral airs; Chanticleer's is a choral group putting on pop airs, and it just doesn't work in the opposite direction. And I'm not saying that this is trying to be a pop (vocal band) arrangement, or is awkward all the way through— the bridge, the last verse and the coda are gorgeous, in fact— just that so many lines don't translate well when they're literal transcriptions.
Considering their power on the spirituals they sang live (and on "Gone at Last" in this album), I was disappointed in the recording of the R&B-theater standard "Ease On Down the Road." Alatorre hits a double-low G-flat(!!!!!) in the intro which whets my appetite, but then the end of the first 8, there's an ascending bIII-bVII-I in the upper parts that is so proper in its vibrato that it's the opposite of R&B, and this is very plainly an R&B arrangement. The choice of a plain-old V chord when the melody is begging for an altered chord of some kind doesn't help matters.
Is the performance true to the style of the arrangement? Is the interpretation of the arrangement musically, lyrically and rhythmically interesting? Does it work in a live a cappella format? Does it convey appropriate emotion?
Tangentially, those last two sentences are important in a pop-heavy college tournament, because after hearing the third performance of a particular popular song in a single season (before I had a baby, I had a lot more weekends free), it's hard to not judge that group against not only the original artist, but also the group that did that song the week before. Every year, there's going to be an "Africa" or a "Walking on Broken Glass" or a "Possession" or a "Fix You" or a "Viva La Vida" or a "Settle Down" or a "Bottom of the River" or a "[insert future cultural musical obsession here]," so... there's that.
There are, however, those first four sentences in the explanation. Most groups in the ICCA are in the vocal-band style, but there will occasionally be a jazz group (like the one who won the whole thing in 2004), a barbershop quartet (like the one who came awfully close to making the finals in 2005), and, alas, choral-sounding groups who don't know that they sound choral. At an ICCA show I was judging at several years ago, there was a group whose repertoire has always been various flavors of jazz, but often sang with a heavy vibrato which does a disservice to the harmonies. Compounding the problem, they chose to sing in a pop mode that year, in particular a busy arrangement of "You Can't Stop the Beat" that was rendered inscrutable by the solo-like heavy vibrato of all 20(!) of them, and resulted in serious arrhythmia. While on the one hand I'm supposed to avoid preconceived ideas of how the music "should" be performed, the performance (choral) wasn't true to the style of the arrangement (pop), so I had give then an unusually low score for that.
Which brings us back to Chanticleer. With a couple of tracks on this album being so good in their wheelhouse, how can so many other things have gone stylistically astray? Is it possible that co-producer Leslie Ann Jones, Grammy-winning engineer and director of recording and scoring at Skywalker Sound(!)— daughter of Spike Jones, one of the greatest noisemakers of all time— with an incredible resumé of diverse recordings over 38 years, simply didn't know what to do with these guys? Or perhaps she didn't know that she was supposed to do something with these guys? She's quoted in the group's press kit, saying "I've worked on so many Chanticleer records over the years, but Someone New is the one I am most proud of." It is a generally well-recorded album, but because of the nature of the material they're covering, half of it sounds amateur, in the sense of an overreaching (and unaware) group trying to be everything to everybody, and nobody in the studio being upfront with them about the authenticity of their sound. It's a jarring aesthetic that is replicated by countless groups, but I expected better from a group that is consistently considered one of the greatest touring vocal groups in the world.
Is Someone New all that bad? Is it as ill-conceived as the time my college a-cappella group, which for its first four years was very much dedicated to the vocal-band style and accepted members on their pop and rock singing skills, inexplicably recorded The King's Singers arrangement of "You Are The New Day"? Is it as cringe-worthy as the time my synagogue's choir, 90% of which were elderly sopranos, performed a doo-wop arrangement of "I Had a Little Dreidl"? Is it as unfortunate as the ICCA performance mentioned above, or their long tradition of similarly operatic recordings of jazz tunes? Is it as bizarre as, well, this? No, because Chanticleer are professional singers who, regardless of tone-color conflict, sing in tune (my God do they sing in tune) and have a handle on dynamics and overall expression. That said, it's a bit disappointing for listeners, but also perhaps a relief to aspiring singers of all genres everywhere, that a group on this level make stylistic missteps like this once in a while.
Nowadays, unfortunately, to gain an audience you have to game the system. My local symphony often does music it shouldn't in search of an audience...which in many cases, doesn't know better. American arts have given up mostly on quality in search of money and what audience they can grab.
Amie: Based on what I know of Chanticleer, I don't question their artistic and/or financial intentions. I suspect they just love the hell out of singing, and, hey, who doesn't?


text:
Q: Git pull origin HEAD I was taught that you could push to and pull from a remote branch matching the name of your current Git branch by doing:
git push origin HEAD

or
git pull origin HEAD

Its always worked for me before, but it strangely doesn't work sometimes, instead deferring to push/pulling from the master branch instead (which causes a merge on pull... not what I want to do). I know that you can easily push/pull from the branch you're on by simply using the name of the branch like:
git pull origin name-of-branch-i-want-to-pull-from

Anyway:

*

*Is there some reason that the HEAD is losing track/not pointing to my current branch, like it almost always does?

*Is there any way to push/pull to the branch that I'm currently working on (as long as the remote branch's name matches) without explicitly naming the branch in the command?

A: The thing is, when you do:
git push origin HEAD

HEAD here means the default branch on your local repository.
However, when you do:
git pull origin HEAD

HEAD here means the default branch on your remote repository.
These 2 HEADs can have the same branch name, but very often they are different.
For example, if the default branch of your local repository and remote repository are both master, then you switched to a new branch feature on local repository, then pushed it to remote by doing git push origin HEAD, the default branch on remote won't be changed to feature magically. Instead it will stay at master. At this point, if you do git pull origin HEAD on your feature branch, you are actually doing git pull origin master.
So I would suggest avoid doing git pull origin HEAD, because it's not obvious what's the default branch is on the remote, and can cause unexpected problems.

A: Thanks to some serious help by @abackstrom, I was able to fix my issue.
Essentially, this post was my problem, and solution:
Git branch named origin/HEAD -> origin/master
The exact command to "recreate"/track a local HEAD branch/pointer correctly was:
git remote set-head origin -a

I hope this helps anyone else that runs into this issue.

A: HEAD is not really a branch. It's a pointer to the commit that you currently have checked out, and will often reference a branch, but if you do something like git checkout <sha> or git checkout <tag>, then HEAD references a commit directly, with no tie to a branch - this is called a "detached HEAD" state, and you should normally get a warning from git checkout when you enter such a state. In that state, trying to push/pull HEAD doesn't make sense, since you're not on a branch.


In recent years there has been a huge rise in the interest for homeschooling. When you're looking for homeschooling in Grandview, Texas than GreatHomeschoolConvention.Com has something for you! Homeschooling is very popular, but it is the choice of many families recently. Many reason exist for it, one being the faculity crime which keep happening. Additionally, there are more resources available to families, and there are many scheduled events for home schooled scholars, too. Have you ever investigated joining local home-schooling events!?
There are plenty of social functions, a number of them sporting events. You mught find events arranged where home schooled students gather with one another, there are events where said scholars along with their families get along with the community. Simply because a child is homeschooled does not mean that he or she is always going to be in the home all thorugh school hours either.
There are also excursions along with other scholastic experiences that students can take advantage of. There is also the opportunity for getting outdoors, possibly studying at the library or outdoors at the park. Home-schooled scholars can also get together for lessons and study sessions. There are several liberties to home schooling, counting in the truth that scholars can learn anywhere, not only behind the closed doors of the public school.
There are numerous parts of public schools which people are paying more attention to lately. Will they be safe? Certainly, you may still find many good things about going to public school as things stand at this time. This can be particularly true relating to the social facets of pupils interacting amoung their friends for several hours every day. Additionally, there is a set cyllabus and school environment expectations with regards to conduct.
Teachers give the best coaching and they need to be accredited. Parents don't need to be certified in order to homeschool their kids. That can be a problem with home schooling. There are nice elements and bad portions. Having been an educator, I prefer to hold things how they are, but you can see good things about home-schooling.
It is a little depressing that the schools are incredibly messed up at this time regarding well-being and how they may be perceived. We all have fond recollections of school. A person I know and regard wants to become an educator. I was previously a professor as I explained. And I have been aware of many countless educators. Home schooling is surely an option, but the reasons for its amplified popularity are mainly depended on public schools being under a whole lot scrutiny.
There needs to be something done to reinstate the impression that moms and dads could assign their children to public schools. We need to do a more satisfactory job. You might find a detach anywhere, and honestly, it's not actually near being just about the schools themselves. It is a common crisis, and when you may well ask me, a faith based issue, as is also everything.
Nonetheless, each house and family situation is unique, and home-schooling is a very nice option. Despite the fact that I'm a backer for reinstating public schools to their former glory, I'm also an individual who identifies homeschooling is fantastic in the correct kind of situation. Everyhthing should be set up, including all social areas of schooling and going to events in your community. For more info on homeschooling curriculum in Grandview and what to expect at a Great Homeschool Convention event take a look our blog!