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Палестина в античный период — история Палестины во времена господства греков и римлян до образования Византийской империи (IV век до н. э. — IV век н. э.). Включает в себя период правления Птолемеев и Селевкидов, период Хасмонеев и период Римской Палестины.

Эллинистический период

Греки утвердились в Палестине в 332 году до н. э. в результате завоевания страны Александром Македонским.

Будучи верными подданными персидских царей, евреи против воли открыли перед Александром Македонским ворота Иерусалима. Как в более ранние времена, так и после смерти Александра Македонского финикийско-иудейское побережье Средиземного моря стало яблоком раздора между Египтом и Сирией. Когда Александр Македонский перенёс эллинскую образованность в покорённые им восточные страны, евреи тоже усвоили себе кое-что из этой образованности, не отказываясь, однако, от своих религиозных верований, тогда как языческие народы Передней Азии приспособили почти все свои религиозные воззрения к воззрениям греков.

В III—II веках до н. э. Палестина являлась объектом борьбы между династиями Птолемеев и Селевкидов.
С 320 по 201 год до н. э. евреи были подвластны Египту, а затем в течение двух поколений принадлежали Сирии. Под скипетром царей из династии Птолемеев в Египте расцвёл эллинизм. Поселившиеся там в большом числе евреи благодаря своему трудолюбию и энергической деятельности разбогатели и с течением времени создали весьма влиятельную в историческом отношении еврейско-греческую литературу. Они перевели на греческий язык Тору (то есть Пятикнижие Моисеево). По преданию, 70 учёных евреев перевели Св. Писание для библиотеки Птолемея II (перевод Св. Писания 70 толковников, Септуагинта). Еврейские авторы написали много соч. в прозе и стихах с целью противодействия язычеству и пропаганды учения Моисеева. Авторство этих сочинений они приписывали древним греческим мудрецам, как напр. Орфею, Софоклу, Фокилиду, Гераклиту, или же выдавали их за оракулы сивилл (сивиллины книги). Такой приём был тогда в ходу и отнюдь не считался подлогом. Все эти сочинения были написаны в древнегреческом духе с таким искусством, что долгое время их считали за чисто греческие произведения, а многие отцы церкви видели в них подтверждение Моисеева учения со стороны греков. Благодаря им образованные классы языческого мира были подготовлены к принятию христианства. Еврейско-александрийские философы, приспособив к иудаизму учение о логосе, построили как бы мост от иудейства и язычества к христианству. С гораздо большим трудом новое направление умов пробивало себе дорогу в самой Палестине.

Когда Селевкиды с переменным успехом вели борьбу, за обладание Финикией и Палестиной, в сан первосвященника был возведён Симеон праведный, который предохранил народ от нравственного упадка. Он был последним членом Великого собора, место которого, по мнению некоторых, уже тогда заступило высшее судилище под названием Синедриона, получившее духовную власть в Иудее. Общественная жизнь в Палестине проникалась мало-помалу греческим духом. Даже члены первосвященнических семейств усвоили греческие нравы и обычаи и унижали свой сан нерелигиозною жизнью. Но против новаторов выступили строгие ревнители закона. Моисееву учению в его сущности и те и другие оставались верными; но мнения далеко расходились относительно устного предания, то есть способа толкования закона писанного, а также по вопросу о допущении греческих обычаев. Вожаками массы народа были фарисеи. Они желали ограждения от всего чужого, нееврейского, требовали строгого исполнения закона, который они объясняли и истолковывали своеобразным способом, дошедшим, по их словам, преемственно от самого Моисея. Стремясь путём толкований смягчать некоторые Моисеевы предписания, они также старались сделать обязательными для всего народа многие законы о чистоте, которые первоначально установлены были для одних священников. Противоположное положение занимали саддукеи (священнические, аристократические роды, происходившие от бывшего при царе Соломоне первосвященника Цаддука, по позднейшему произношению Цаддока) и их приверженцы. Они претендовали на признание за ними исключительного права быть вождями народа, строго придерживались буквы закона, не допускали ни малейшего смягчения Моисеевых постановлений, вследствие чего, например, они относились к преступникам гораздо строже, чем фарисеи. Они утверждали ещё, что часть Моисеевых постановлений обязательна только для них, избранных, а не для всего народа. Они составляли нечто в роде консервативной клерикально-аристократической партии среди тогдашних евреев. Вдали от этих направлений стояли ессеи, искавшие спасения в отчуждении от мира и в самоотречении. Направление их можно рассматривать как одухотворение фарисейства с сильною наклонностью к аскетизму. Сначала партии эти мирно уживались рядом; вражда между ними возникла вследствие важных политических событий.

Сирийский царь Антиох Епифан пытался насильно навязать евреям не только греческий язык и обычаи, но и греческий культ. Жестокие гонения на тех, кто, несмотря ни на какие обольщения, оставались верными вере отцов, привели к вооружённому восстанию. Небольшая горсть земледельцев, ремесленников и т. п. людей под предводительством Иуды Маккавея и его братьев в нескольких сражениях разбила наголову сирийские войска и обратила их в бегство, очистила осквернённый идолопоклонством храм и вновь посвятила его Богу (165 до н. э.). По смерти Иуды народом руководил во время новых бедствий брат его Ионафан (160—143 до н. э.). Плоды того, что они вместе посеяли, созрели лишь для третьего брата, Симона (143—135 до н. э.). Благодаря своей осмотрительности и выдающимся способностям он сделался князем своего народа. Высший расцвет Маккавеевской эпохи относится ко времени сына Симонова — Иоанна-Гиркана (135—106 до н. э.), который с княжеским достоинством соединил в своём лице и сан первосвященника. Изменою принципам фарисеев Гиркан отвратил, однако, от себя сердца народа. Его сыновья, приверженцы саддукейских воззрений, Аристобул (106—105 до н. э.) и Александр-Яннай (105—79 до н. э.), отличались тщеславием и властолюбием; против последнего восстал народ. После его смерти в правление вдовствующей царицы Саломеи-Александры (79—70 до н. э.) господствовал внутренний мир, но при её сыновьях, Гиркане II и Аристобуле II (70—40 до н. э.), вспыхнула гибельная война между братьями. Она возгорелась и поддерживалась благодаря интригам иностранца, идумеянина Антипатра. Особенно на руку это было римлянам.

Кроме ряда греческих колоний — Неаполис (Наблус), Севастия — существовало ещё так называемое независимое Десятиградие, с расположенными в Перее и Самарии 10 греческими городами: Скифополем, Филадельфией, Герасой, Гадарой и др.

Период Хасмонейского царства

Хасмонеи — священнический род из поселения Модиин (которое располагалось на границе Иудеи и Самарии), к которому принадлежали Маккавеи. Хасмонеи и их потомки правили Иудеей в 166—37 годы до н. э. Фактически они были вождями народа с начала восстания против Селевкидской Сирии в 167 году до н. э.

В 140 году до н. э. официально избранным правителем, первосвященником и главнокомандующим Иудеи стал второй сын Маттафии — Симон (Шимон), который собрал для этого в Иерусалиме Великий Собор (Кнессет гдола), утвердивший Симона в этих должностях. Это назначение стало наследственным и должно было передаваться его потомкам «до того как явится истинный пророк». С этого момента ведётся формальный отсчёт правления династии Хасмонеев.

Римский период

Призванный на помощь обоими братьями, Гней Помпей в 63 году до н. э. подошёл к Иерусалиму, объявил Хасмонейское царство данником Рима и назначил слабохарактерного Гиркана этнархом (наместником) и первосвященником. Вплоть до Первой иудейской войны (66—73) царство сохраняло некоторую самостоятельность.

В 40 году до н. э. римляне передали власть в царстве новой династии Иродов. В Антипатре и сыне его Ироде Рим нашёл послушные орудия для своих целей. Ирод путём насилий и злодеяний завладел в 37 году престолом. Всё его 33-летнее правление было непрерывною цепью преступлений.

Народная партия — зелоты — приняла антиримский характер. Из неё выделилось радикальное крыло — сикарии.

По смерти Ирода в 6 году н. э. Иудея была превращена в провинцию, управляемую римским прокураторами, жестоко подавлявшими частые вспышки народных волнений. Сыновьям Ирода Архелаю (6), Филиппу (34) и Ироду Антипе (39) предоставлена была призрачная власть в некоторых областях страны. Римляне скоро находили предлог к отрешению этих правителей одного за другим от власти и поручали управление их областями римским наместникам. Из них самую печальную известность приобрёл Понтий Пилат: он приговорил Иисуса Христа к распятию, когда, с одной стороны, бóльшая часть народа, жаждавшего спасения, признавала Его Мессией, а с другой, саддукейское священство относилось к Нему особенно враждебно. Ещё только один раз наследие Ирода было соединено в руках его внука Агриппы I (37—44), царствование которого было последним светлым лучом перед падением государства.

Когда Гай Калигула потребовал от всех народов Римской империи, чтобы они признали его божеством и выставили в своих храмах его статую для поклонения как божеству, все беспрекословно повиновались этому повелению; одни только евреи этому воспротивились, объявив готовность скорее умереть, нежели осквернить своё святилище. Агриппе, который был товарищем Калигулы в разврате, удалось отвратить от своего народа гнев императора. По смерти Агриппы были опять назначены римские наместники, жестокое обращение которых побудило оскорблённый народ к восстанию.
Началась Первая иудейская война (66—73), повлёкшая разрушение Второго храма.
После нескольких битв, в которых римские войска потерпели чувствительный урон, Нерон послал (67) в Палестину лучшего своего полководца Веспасиана, который после продолжавшихся два года военных действий в Галилее был провозглашён солдатами римским императором и поручил сыну своему, Титу, покорение Иудеи. В 70 году пал Иерусалим, вслед за тем был взят штурмом храм, последнее убежище отчаянно сражавшегося народа. Иосиф Флавий, описывая взятие Иерусалима и сожжение храма, приводит черты величайшего героизма, выказанного евреями при защите святого города. Вместе с тем, несмотря на попытки оправдать Тита и римлян, он упоминает о страшной жестокости победителей. В Риме до сих пор существует триумфальная арка, через которую Тит шествовал в сопровождении военнопленных евреев, несших храмовые сокровища.

Несмотря на совершенное уничтожение еврейского государства и на разрушение храма, духовная и религиозная жизнь народа вообще осталась нетронутою благодаря тем дальновидным людям, которые вовремя перенесли духовное наследие прошлого под сень молитвенного дома и школы. Мудрый и терпеливый Гилель, современник Ирода, дал изучению закона новое развитие. Отличавшиеся добродетелями и учёностью сыновья и внуки его ревностно продолжали действовать в его духе. Уже в течение последних 200 лет до падения государства основаны были школы, главы которых считались носителями духовных сокровищ народа. Эта аристократия учёности и благочестия стала опорою иудейства. Когда падение Иерусалима стало неизбежным, Раббан Иоханан бен Заккай был вынесен своими учениками под видом покойника за городские ворота. Позже с разрешения римлян он основал школу в городе Ябне (Ямнии), который вскоре стал местопребыванием синедриона. Отсюда объявлялось жившим в рассеянии евреям наступление новолуния и праздников, что в то время определялось только синедрионом в Палестине. Сюда вносились также издавна определённые в пользу храма сборы и повинности.

Беспредельная преданность евреев своей вере возбуждала иногда в высших образованных классах греко-римского мира такое удивление, что многие из знатных лиц обоего пола (в том числе даже стоявшие близко к престолу) переходило в еврейскую веру. О подобных переходах сохранились свидетельства не только в древней раввинской литературе, но и в надгробных надписях, а также у римских сатириков времён империи. Ещё раньше, во время земной жизни Иисуса Христа, вся царская фамилия в Адиабене, на реке Тигре, перешла вместе с значительною частью народа в еврейскую веру. Елена, мать адиабенских царей Изата и Монобаза, жила большей частью в Иерусалиме, делала богатые пожертвования на храм, исполняла обет назарейский и велела похоронить себя в окрестностях Иерусалима. Во время войны с римлянами многие храбрые люди из Адиабены поспешили на помощь своим единоверцам в Палестине.

Стремление евреев к политической самостоятельности, однако, не угасло. Поборы и насилия римлян вызывали частые восстания, распространявшиеся по всем областям. Часто возникавшая и опять исчезавшая надежда на восстановление Храма постепенно накопляла злобу в сердцах. Эта злоба не замедлила вспыхнуть, лишь только появился смелый, неустрашимый рабби Акиба.
Предстоящее сооружение на месте Иерусалима языческого города Элия Капитолина вызвало новое восстание — восстание Бар-Кохбы, подавленное в 135 году императором Адрианом.
Рабби Акиба объявил ставшего во главе восстания, вспыхнувшего в 132 году, Бар-Кохбу ожидаемым Мессией, и возбудил самые смелые надежды в сердцах упоенных первыми успехами победителей. Недисциплинированные толпы евреев в течение более двух лет сражались с римскими легионами и неоднократно наносили им поражения. Император Адриан вызвал из Британии своего лучшего полководца Севера и послал его в Палестину. Более года Бар-Кохба отчаянно сопротивлялся в крепости Бетар, пока наконец в 135 году не пал под развалинами взятой штурмом крепости. Адриан жесточайшим образом наказал евреев за это последнее их восстание. С целью уничтожения еврейской религии он воспретил под страхом смертной казни как исполнение обрядов веры, так и преподавание и изучение Моисеева закона. Иерусалим он превратил в языческий город, запретил в нём проживание евреев и назвал его Элия Капитолина.
Множество иудейских городов было разрушено, а жителей перебито и продано в рабство. Ещё при Иерониме Блаженном (вторая половина IV века — первая четверть V века) на месте Святая Святых храма стояла конная статуя Адриана.

Законы Адриана против еврейской религии были отменены в царствование кроткого императора Антонина Пия, а с наступлением более мирного времени евреи получили возможность восстановить синедрион и развить законоизучение в школах. В числе учёных, с именем которых связано построение всей системы законоизучения, самым выдающимся следует признать рабби Иегуда га-Насси, потомка Гилеля и упоминаемого в «Деяниях Апостолов» Гамалиила. Он собрал выводы своих предшественников по отношению к толкованию Моисеевых законов и кодифицировал их в книге, названной Мишна (около 200). Все разъяснения писанного закона и дополнения к нему, служившие руководством в религиозной практике, были расположены по предметам и разделены на шесть частей (седарим), из которых каждая, в свою очередь, распадается на трактаты, главы и статьи. В этой форме Мишна стала предметом изучения в школах и общепризнанным сводом законов для всего еврейства. Никогда не быв введенною как законодательный акт авторитетною властью, она тем не менее сохранила своё значение по настоящее время. Уважение, которым пользовался еврейский патриархат при жизни рабби Иегуды, оставались за ним и при преемниках Иегуды, поселившихся в Тивериаде. Император Александр Север украсил общественные здания и свой дворец изречением Гилеля: «что тебе не любо, того не делай своему ближнему». Терпимость к евреям прекратилась в IV веке н. э.

Во II веке стало общеупотребительным официальное римское деление Палестины на Прима (Иудея и Самария), Секунда (область верхнего Иордана и Генисаретского озера) и Терция (Идумея и Моав).

Константин Великий и его сыновья создали различные исключительные законы, имевшие целью уронить положение евреев как в экономическом, так и в общественном отношении. Когда вследствие военных замешательств стало невозможно отправлять из Палестины в евфратские страны посланцев для возвещения времени наступления праздников, патриарх Гилель II обнародовал простые календарные правила, с помощью которых каждый еврей мог сам вычислять время наступления новолуний и праздников. Благодаря этим правилам внепалестинские евреи, до тех пор зависевшие от синедриона, стали самостоятельными.

Император Юлиан благоволил к евреям, но они не решались воспользоваться дозволением его вновь отстроить храм, так как сомневались в возможности осуществить этот план, доколе не явится ожидаемый ими спаситель из рода Давидова. Когда варвары стали вторгаться в пределы Римской империи, они везде находили небольшие еврейские поселения. В Италии, в Южной Галлии, на Пиренейском полуострове, в Германии (например, в Кёльне) было уже в начале IV века значительное число евреев, которые пользовались равными правами с прочим населением; в это положение вещей и новые германские властители не внесли никаких изменений.

В 395 году Палестина перешла под власть Византийской империи.

См. также
 Античный период в истории Сирии
 История Древнего Израиля и Иудеи

Примечания

Литература

 Philip Mansel, Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe on the Mediterranean, London, John Murray, 11 November 2010, hardback, 480 pages, ISBN 978-0-7195-6707-0, New Haven, Yale University Press, 24 May 2011, hardback, 470 pages, ISBN 978-0-300-17264-5

История Палестины
Восточное Средиземноморье в древности


By Angie Drobnic Holan, Molly Moorhead on Friday, February 22nd, 2013 at 4:47 p.m.
President Obama has argued for a mix of spending cuts and tax increases in place of the sequester.
It's Washington's latest case of economic hostage-taking: If Congress and President Barack Obama don't reach a deal by March 1, the federal budget gets whacked!
Voters have heard these fiscal threats before. This time, the cuts are part of existing law. Inaction means nearly across-the-board spending cuts, with half the cuts taken from the defense and the military.
Here's PolitiFact's guide to that funny word, sequestration.
Whose fault is the sequester?
Both the White House and Congress, Democrats and Republicans, signed off on the agreement leading to the sequester.
Here's the background: In the summer of 2011, Obama and Congress were in a high-stakes stand-off over the debt limit. House Republicans insisted on spending cuts before increasing the debt limit. This was a notable change from the past, when members of Congress from both parties would pass debt ceiling increases with relatively little fuss.
Obama and Speaker of the House John Boehner tried unsuccessfully to reach a "grand bargain" to put the federal budget on more stable footing. When that failed, they arrived at the much less ambitious Budget Control Act of 2011.
That law included about $1.2 trillion in future budget cuts, but it also directed Congress to find another $1.2 trillion via a bipartisan "supercommittee." As further incentive, the law had a threat: If a supercommittee couldn't agree on a package, or if Congress voted down the supercomittee proposal, a sequester would automatically go into effect, putting in place nearly across-the-board budget cuts, with half coming from defense.
Both Obama and Boehner supported the plan and urged Congress to pass it, which it did, with bipartisan majorities. The supercommittee deadlocked, though, so it never proposed new cuts. Hence the sequester.
It was Obama's idea, but Republicans agreed to it and provided key support.
The most detailed account on this point is in The Price of Politics, a book by Washington Post journalist Bob Woodward about the 2011 debt ceiling standoff. His reporting shows the White House developed the idea and presented it to Democratic leadership on July 28 and to Boehner's team on July 30.
Both sides saw it as a way to force further negotiations later, according to Woodward. The Obama team thought there was "no chance" Republicans would allow defense cuts to happen, while Boehner said Democrats would cave to save domestic programs. Woodward quotes Boehner predicting the sequester "is never going to happen."
Republicans have repeatedly said the sequester was Obama's idea, but they supported it early on and provided the votes needed to put it into law.
Who wants it to happen?
The prevailing -- stated -- opinion in both parties is "Sequestration: bad."
"Part of the whole reason (lawmakers) thought that the sequester would work was it was so stupid and awful," said Steve Ellis, vice president of Taxpayers for Common Sense.
What we're witnessing now is a game of brinksmanship: Obama has proposed a plan to avert the cuts that combines closing tax loopholes with cutting federal spending; Republicans have offered their version with only spending cuts.
"They are putting forward proposals … that they know the other side is going to reject," Ellis said. "It's like they're holding out for total victory."
"A sizable number of members of Congress want a sequester; the overwhelming majority of them are House Republicans who believe that this is the best way to get a down payment on spending cuts, and don't believe (or care) that national security might be at risk. They also are convinced that these cuts won't affect any real services, in part because they really believe that most government is wrongheaded, irrelevant or just waste and fraud. ...," Ornstein said. "Very few Democrats want a sequester; a few think it will backfire on Republicans, and so are secretly happy. But most would much prefer a deal to avoid it."
It's the blunt, indiscriminate nature of sequestration that policymakers dislike. But at least among Republicans, there's a strong appetite for belt-tightening.
"This year's cuts are less than 1 percent of the $8.7 trillion in new debt that will be racked up over the next decade," said Alison Fraser, with the conservative Heritage Foundation. "So absolutely, sequester level cuts are necessary."
"Across-the-board cuts" in "discretionary domestic spending" sounds pretty nebulous. But think about these federal programs and agencies: the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, border security, airport security, Head Start, special education, FEMA's disaster relief budget and NASA. Now think about them (plus many others) having billions less to perform their functions, and the picture becomes a little clearer.
Sharon Parrott, a vice president at the left-leaning Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, said the cuts will remind the public of "some of the really basic things that government does." One example: meat inspectors, who are likely to be subjected to furloughs.
Most people don't think about their role as they stroll through the grocery aisles, she said. "We just buy the meat and don't worry about it."
But she emphasized that some people could feel the impacts directly. Head Start, which awards grants to states for school readiness, as well as a fund that provides child care subsidies for low-income working parents, would see cuts. Health programs that provide immunizations and cancer screenings to needy families are also vulnerable.
Keep in mind, though, that many government services were exempted from the sequester. Tax returns will still go out. Seniors won't lose their Medicare benefits. Veterans benefits and military pay won't be affected.
To Fraser, that's another example of Obama and Democrats "kicking the can down the road."
"This is inexcusable: Entitlements must be reined in since they are the major cause of future deficits," she said.
But for Americans worried about a cataclysm next Friday, "it's not going to be hellfire and brimstone," Ellis said.
Says if Congress doesn't avoid the sequester, "tens of thousands of parents will have to scramble to find child care for their kids."
— Barack Obama, Tuesday, February 19th, 2013.
If the sequester hits, "hundreds of thousands of Americans will lose access to primary care and preventive care like flu vaccinations and cancer screenings."
The sequester "won't consider whether we're cutting some bloated program that has outlived its usefulness, or a vital service that Americans depend on every single day. It doesn't make those distinctions."
— Ron Johnson, Wednesday, February 13th, 2013.
Military spending cuts, known as the sequester, were President Barack Obama's idea.
— Marco Rubio, Tuesday, February 12th, 2013.
— Barack Obama, Monday, October 22nd, 2012.
— Mitt Romney, Friday, September 21st, 2012.


text:
Industry Digest
EARLIER ISSUES
Up, Up and Away with Composites
ACMA Staff
Everyone needs a little space from time to time and this solar aircraft gets plenty of it. The Solara 60, the largest of three solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) from New Mexico-based Titan Aerospace, can remain 65,000 feet in the air for nearly five years.
This featherweight aircraft built using composites has a 160-foot wingspan and is wrapped in solar cells that supply the energy needed to take off at 20 mph. Carrying up to 250 pounds of payload, the Solara 60 will carry anything from signals intelligence gear to electro-optical sensors or communications equipment. The Solara 10 is already flying on regular missions, the Solara 50 is currently in advanced development and the Solara 60 is expected to fly in late 2014.
According to Titan Aerospace, each plane can maintain energy even when the sun is low on the horizon, employing its high efficiency solar panel positioned on horizontal wings and tail, slanted wing tips and vertical tail.
The company's main focus for these UAV planes is on disaster management and other civilian applications. Although they would be vulnerable to enemy fire due to their slow speed and lack of defense, the aircraft would be capable of repositioning to take photos, providing cell coverage and helping with mapping if a disaster struck.
The Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International, the world's largest trade show for unmanned planes, vehicles and ships, held its annual convention Aug. 12-15, at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C. During the convention, Titan Aerospace unveiled the Solara 60 to attendees.
[Breaking Defense]
Toyota Tacoma Redesigned into All-Terrain Expedition Vehicle with Carbon Fiber Monocoque
High-Tech Roads Include Solar Panels to Fuel EV Charging Stations
Learn More About Composites!
Composites Headlines
Lightweight Distributed Propulsion Hybrid Aircraft Moves Closer to Take-Off
NASA Telescope's Deployable Tower Assembly Passes Post-Environmental Testing
Service Ramps for Disabled Trolley Riders Made Safer with Composites
CCT Certification Programs
Interested in using composites in aerospace? Learn more about certifications in the following areas:
Vacuum Infusion Process (VIP)
Join a CGI Committee
ACMA's Composites Growth Initiative (CGI) committees promote and expand the use and understanding of composite materials. Join a CGI Committee related to aerospace:
High Performance Council
ACMA Partner Content
Tour of the Thermwood LSAM
Provided By: Thermwood
ABOUT Composites Manufacturing
Composites Manufacturing is the official publication of the American Composites Manufacturers Association. Published bimonthly, it offers practical assessments of the current state of the composites industry as well as thoughtful explorations of the opportunities and challenges ahead. It includes timely coverage of core market segments, materials, processes and technical education plus topics such as sustainability, plant safety, operational efficiency and research advances. Subscribe to Composites Manufacturing Magazine.
The American Composites Manufacturers Association (ACMA) is the world's largest trade group representing over 3,000 companies in the composites industry in North America alone. ACMA is recognized as the premier provider of composites industry educational resources through its CAMX show, conferences, and Certified Composites Technician (CCT®) program. It serves its members and the industry by providing strong, proactive leadership in growing the composites market and technical, legislative and regulatory affairs.
American Composites Manufacturers Association
2000 N. 15th Street, Ste. 250, Arlington, VA 22201
Ph | 703.525.0511 Fx | 703.525.0743 | www.acmanet.org
Copyright © 2015 ACMA. All Rights Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Leeds United head coach Marcelo Bielsa during Saturday's 2-0 defeat at Stoke City.
Norwich City, one of the clubs vying with Leeds United for the Championship title, revealed today that they are among the sides who have written to the EFL demanding a full investigation into Marcelo Bielsa and the 'Spygate' controversy.
Norwich moved to confirm publicly that they were involved in a collective complaint made to the EFL on the back of an admission by Bielsa that he had sent staff to secretly watch every team in the division train this season.
Eleven Championship clubs are pressing the EFL for an extensive inquiry into the matter after the governing body confirmed this week that it was examining a complaint made by Derby County in the wake of their 2-0 defeat at Elland Road on January 11.
Police were called to Derby's training ground 24 hours ahead of that game after reports of a man acting suspiciously outside the property. Bielsa later admitted that the individual was a member of his backroom team and had been travelled on his instruction to watch Derby train.
The Football Association is also investigating the matter but pressure on the EFL increased on Friday when rival clubs in the Championship reacted angrily to confirmation by Bielsa that he had sanctioned covert scouting trips before every one of United's league fixtures.
The Argentinian made the remark during a 66-minute media briefing at Leeds' Thorp Arch training complex on Wednesday, a gathering which he hoped would quell the controversy surrounding the 'Spygate' saga.
United lead the Championship by a single point from Norwich, who closed the gap following Leeds' defeat at Stoke City on Saturday. The sides are in direct competition for automatic promotion and Norwich are scheduled to visit Elland Road in two weeks' time.
It is not clear what punishment Leeds could face if either the FA or the EFL decides to bring charges, through sources close to the matter have played down the likelihood of a points deduction.
Norwich are as yet the only club to confirm their involvement in the complaint, through Bristol City owner Steve Lansdown made his stance clear on Friday by calling for Leeds to be deducted points.


text:
Q: Ruby ri at Windows Command prompt does not give correct information Ri seems to be giving results for Rails. Something is not right.
Can anyone help me get useful results from ri. I have an otherwise clean and working up-to-date installation of Ruby (1.9.3) and Rails (3.2.3).
For example if do ri Range I get this.
Range < Object
(from gem activesupport-3.2.3)

Constants:
RANGE_FORMATS
[not documented]

Instance methods:
include_with_range?
overlaps?
step_with_blockless
to_default_s
to_formatted_s
to_s

A: @Casper pointed me to another SO answer
which gave me the information I needed to understand what was happening with ri.
1. ri is not installed automatically since it adds so much size to the install; instead .chm style help files are installed. But these seem to be the same as the help available on line via RubyDocs.
2. I think rails may have installed some ri docs, so that when I use ri I do get results for certain queries like the one I listed in my example above.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Q: Does the Facebook or AdMob SDK use cryptography? I'm developing a mobile application with Cordova and the Ionic framework. I'm also using the Cordova Facebook plugin and Cordova AdMobPro plugin which are written in java and objective c. I don't know java and objective c programming language.
While submitting the application on iTunes Connect it asks me if my application is using cryptography or not. Do any of these SDKs or plugins use cryptography?

A: I am not sure about @Daniel Storm answer
Facebook have their own crypto library, named Conceal https://facebook.github.io/conceal/
And according to their page, this is used to store the images into the SD into android devices, so, probably, the answer to the question title is YES.
But, quoting again their page

Conceal doesn't implement any crypto, but instead, it uses specific
  cryptographics algorithms from OpenSSL.

They are only cryptographics algorithms, not crypto per se, so probably the answer to Apple Question about cryptography usage is NOT

A: No.
You will have to answer yes to the "Does this application use the advertising identifier" question though because you're using AdMob.


text:
Exclusive Q&A with Legendary Fantasy Author Tamora Pierce
Legendary and beloved fantasy author Tamora Pierce is back with a new adventure set in the world of Tortall, and we got the inside scoop!
In this exclusive Q&A, Tamora Pierce tells us about returning to the world of Tortall and her history of creating kick-ass heroines.
1. People have been so excited to have a new Tamora Pierce book coming out. What inspired you to write this new story?
Fans asked me for it, and I do like to give them what they want, at least in terms of basics. They wanted to know more about both Arram/Numair's time at the university in Carthak and about his friendships with Ozorne and Varice from The Emperor Mage. Not only was it fun to return to characters we'd met before, like Lindhall Reed the biomage, Sarge, and the Graveyard Hag, but I got to reveal other very unusual people and acquaintances from those years. I also got to show, vividly, that just because you have a great deal of power doesn't mean you'll be good at wielding it.
2. Was it easy for you to return to the world of Tortall?
It's always easy for me to return to Tortall. I've spent so much time there, either writing about it, answering fans' questions about it, or daydreaming about stories or future books about it that I know it very well. It's the second place I live in, if that doesn't sound too peculiar.
3. People have said that you are the creator of the "kick-ass heroine" in YA fantasy. What made you want to write about female characters?
Oh, piffle. What about Robin McKinley, or Anne McCaffrey, or Mercedes Lackey, or Bruce Coville, or Patricia Wrede, or Diane Duane? I'm just loud about it, and obvious that this is my goal and my grail.
Actually, I found very few active female heroes as I grew up. The three notable ones I discovered in teen books all gave up being active heroes at the end of their great adventure. Edgar Rice Burroughs had fierce women, but I moved on from him by sixth grade and even forgot his fighting women. Louisa May Alcott's girls were active and energetic, boating, running, sledding, skating, shooting archery—but again, I moved on from them by middle school. Tolkien's warrior gave up the sword to become a wife, mother, and healer (I saw no reason why she had to give up fighting to do the other things—the battle season only lasts during late spring and summer); Robert Howard's fearsome pirate queen in her onstage time danced her love-dance (naked) for Conan, and her vicious pirate crew still obeyed her orders (young as I was, I knew that was a crock of monkey turds); and C. L. Moore's Jirel of Joiry once asked her crew why they "cowered in the corner like so many women" (we do not diss our own sex unless we want to breed disrespect among our auditors). I didn't find Howard's Red Sonja in his books, but in the comics—in a chain-mail bikini. No woman who has fallen asleep in the shade—let alone a snowy forest—in a wet bathing suit ever repeats that mistake.
I wrote what I wanted to read: girls kicking butt. Fierce girls. Girls who stood up against dangers. The first character I found to satisfy my hunger was Anne McCaffrey's Lessa of Pern in Dragonflight. Then came Robin McKinley, Barbara Hambly, and Elizabeth Moon in the 1980s, and things improved mightily, but by then I was hooked on my fans and on the possibilities for teenage heroes in settings in which there was no category for teenagers, only "children" and "adults." I broadened my definition of what makes a hero, but I hope to show that there are ways for any girl (or any person, for that matter) to matter in a positive way. And now I have begun the presentation of a leading boy/man for Tempests and Slaughter (if you don't count Briar from the Circle of Magic books, who started as part of a group of heroes).
4. Do you have any favorite female characters in books or movies?
Regarding favorites from my childhood: I still love Caddie Woodlawn of the book of the same name, Kit (The Witch of Blackbird Pond), and dogged Mara of Mara, Daughter of the Nile, but the queens of these are Beth and Jo March of Little Women. Jo is obvious—I think every American girl who aspires to be a writer has Jo as her spiritual godmother. Beth is harder, and I had to be an adult to understand the sheer, blood-deep courage it took this timid, gentle, health-impaired girl to go out into a plague zone on a winter's night, knowing all the dangers, and help that poor family get warm, get clean, get fed, get spiritual and neighborly help, and then return home, knowing she was about to be very ill. It opened my eyes to more than sword-slinging courage, though I am still very fond of a good fight scene.
5. People are loving Tortall: A Spy's Guide. Where did the idea of creating a guidebook come from?
It's been so long (five years? seven years?) since we undertook the original project. . . . I think there were a number of guidebooks coming out at that time from different YA writers, and since my editors knew I kept records and lists and maps through every series, they thought it would be fun to do something similar with my central kingdom of Tortall. I recruited some friends/fans—Lisa, who had been maintaining the timeline of events in the books for years; Julie, my assistant, who also became my cowriter/writer-wrangler (or we never would have gotten anywhere); Megan Messinger, who does stage dance and fight choreography in addition to writing; Judy Gerjuoy, science fiction convention runner and SCA member and food and dining maven; and my husband, Tim, who has been with me since the first Alanna book was published and has helped me through plot tangles ever since.
On top of all that, we were inspired simply, I think, because we were having such a good time seeing what these people—from the books and outside them—were up to when we weren't looking!
6. Do you have any unique writing habits?
The only thing I can think of is this: I like to take multi-book contracts—it gives me a feeling of security. As a result, I begin to think about the next book or series well in advance, working out plot, setting, and main characters. By the time I start the new book, I've been turning it (and its successors under the new contract) over in my head for four to six years (in the case of the Arram/Numair books, more like eleven to twelve by the time the trilogy is done). I know the main plot elements and how many books will be needed (only to be woefully wrong in the case of the Arram books), and I have even begun to cast lesser characters. I've done the largest amount of research, from environment to wildlife to plot conflicts to the culture on which I'll base the setting. That's the most unique thing about what I do.
7. What is your writing process?
I try to get some work done between ten and noon, though that's not always successful—there's feeding indoor and outdoor critters, breakfast, appointments, conferring with my assistant till one or two, that sort of thing. There's also correspondence. Mostly I don't really sit down to write until around two or three in the afternoon, every day of the week except Sunday (social day) and maybe Saturday if I'm lazy.
I have to cuddle Autumn, my fuzzy tortoiseshell cat (all our cats are rescues of one kind or another) until she gets bored or her kneading starts to draw blood. That's a given.
My desk backs up between two bulletin boards, where I keep the photos of people and places I base my book's characters and places on, plus a few mementos. I'm not really good at vivid descriptions unless I have pictures—I can't remember images unless I've been familiar with them for years. This is also why I base things on real people and places, so I have a place to start. I have five sets of bookshelves with my reference texts on them—medieval, Renaissance, and classical history, fashion, weapons, and customs, straight history and maps of as many countries around the world as I think I might need, including kids' reference (more pictures), cookbooks (a good cookbook will tell you more about its culture than just what to put in soup), and books that cover the world in general (how people eat, how people work), as well as my scrapbooks. Behind me are my language books, name books, stone and gem books, plant books, occult books, travel guides, and animal books, as well as my drawers of pictures of people from all over the world, separated by age, sex, and color, to use for characters. (Another cabinet of drawers, under my good map of Tortall, holds personal papers and my three drawers of maps from every place I can get them.) Oh, and in front of different shelves I have either clusters of miniature animals: cats, elephants, marsupials, bunnies, turtles; assorted jars of stones; or varied kinds of rough opals. Believe it or not, all of these things are for research.
On the desk itself is my printer, my stand for holding paper when I want to type from it, my music apparatus, my big computer screen, and all kinds of doodads and papers. The work in progress is in a covered plastic file box, next to my keyboard, on top of a stand, and a few other places, mingled with stuffies, antacids, stones, figurines, wrist braces, my bottle of water, a carousel of writing tools, several notepads (yellow steno with the red line down the middle). There's other stuff—I haven't numbered the stuffies (I have an ugly habit of "liberating" any stuffie that looks unhappy when I see it as I travel, which is how I ended up with eight Cracker Barrel opossums before my husband asked and said they would never throw the last one out because they're CB's signature animal, so they always make more), or the plastic boxes with manuscript drafts and mementos.
I sit, play a game on my iPod or iPad, answer mail, then get to work. I do a minimum of two pages, breaking only to look things up or check something earlier, then get up and fool around for a short while. Back to work for at least two, maybe more pages. I used to do seven pages a day. I had a bad several years, and now I'm working my way back. It's different with a second draft. I regulate myself less because I'm more caught up, but if I catch myself goofing off, I go back on the clock. Also, I'm supposed to have five pages a day when I'm working with my writing partner, Bruce Coville, which keeps me on track.
8. What is your all-time favorite book or author?
I can't name just one! I can't even name just one if you ask me to name who it is right that very second! Do I pick Barbara Hambly's The Ladies of Mandrigyn, Robin McKinley's Deerskin, Sarah Beth Durst's Into the Wild (or Out of the Wild, with its demented attack on Graceland)? What about Dorothy Dunnett's The Disorderly Knights, which introduced me to the Knights of St. John Hospitaller and Suleiman the Magnificent? Stephen King? Mark Twain? Dumas's The Three Musketeers and its sequels? N. K. Jemisin, Rachel Neumeier, Georgette Heyer? Charlaine Harris, Gail Simone?! I can't do it!
9. What was your most embarrassing moment as a teen?
In ninth grade, my gym teacher in California tried to talk me and my mother into my taking "special phys ed" (gym for those with physical or mental impairments) because I was unable to perform as well as my classmates in gym. I thought I was going to die. I flat-out refused. I said that I was regarded as too different as it was: being far too smart; reading far too much; being unable to afford the gym uniform, shoes, and socks; being far too shy; having parents who were divorced (not common in those years); and being on welfare—I was not going to put the stamp on it by entering that class. They finally had to give up and let me struggle through their Kennedy Fitness Plan classes. It only lasted till Thanksgiving. We moved back to southwestern Pennsylvania, where very few kids could have afforded special shoes, socks, and uniforms, so they weren't required, and gym was conducted at a pace where everyone could take part.
11. What is a fun fact about you that your readers might not know?
Well, they already know I rescue animals, to the point that—when living in New York—I would grab pigeons who had gotten string tangled around their feet and cut the stuff off as much as I could. In those days, I used to bring animals home and then call my husband to tell him about the new arrival, and readers know about his reaction. They know that, outside school, I use profane language more than I should. They know I used to act for radio, specializing in nice young women, homicidal housewives, and crying babies. And I made it to my yellow belt test in tae kwon do, then I tore the ligament behind my left knee. I think that's all the important stuff. Oh, and I like to terrify entire rooms full of students, or teachers, or executives when I speak in public.
12. What is the one thing you want readers to know about Tempests and Slaughter?
Arram (Numair) does his best to work his magic in the exact, proper way, but . . . well, he's kind of a klutz. And he doesn't always concentrate. And sometimes he draws things to him without realizing it and they really muck up his day. Life. Whatever. But he has friends to help: Ozorne and Varice. So he should be fine.
Why are you most excited for Tempests and Slaughter? Tag us @GetUnderlined!
Learning from a Legend: Tamora Pierce's Writing Process!
Read the First Chapter of Tempests and Slaughter by Tamora Pierce


JUST KEEP ON VOTING LIBERAL! You wanted change, you got it! And now that they're running the entire country, things are only going further downhill. 5 years from now, even your personal income tax will increase to pay for all their spending and broken promises such as the Province has done.
The liberal government is going to be this country's demise. Living in a city like Toronto is increasingly for the wealthy. The younger generation is getting screwed by higher housing prices and now more land transfer taxes. Landlords like me benefit as it is easy to rent my properties in downtown Toronto.


Our current portfolio consists of renewable energy facilities located in the United States (including Puerto Rico), Canada, Chile and the United Kingdom with a combined nameplate capacity of 2,606.7 MW as of June 30, 2017. These renewable energy facilities generally have long-term PPAs with creditworthy counterparties. Our PPAs have a weighted average (based on MW) remaining life of 14 years as of June 30, 2017.


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/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: miky
 * Date: 23/09/16
 * Time: 10:25
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namespace Miky\Bundle\UserBundle\Controller\Admin;

use Miky\Bundle\ResourceBundle\Controller\ResourceController;

class EmployeeAdminController extends ResourceController
{

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Mudgie's owner, Matt Prentice among 2021's notable deaths in restaurant, food industries
Susan Selasky
The food and restaurant industry mourned this year the losses of notable souls who contributed as much to the community as they did their own businesses.
Those who died include the founder of a salsa company, a restaurant reviewer, and restaurant owners. Here's a list of some of those who passed away in 2021.
More:A look back at who Michigan lost in 2021
Jack Aronson
Garden Fresh Gourmet co-founder
Jack Aronson died at 68 in August after battling cancer. Aronson founded Garden Fresh Gourmet in Ferndale along with his wife, Annette.
He was often described as having a heart of gold larger than his more than 6-foot frame. Aronson was known to be a leader in the community, charitable and always having an infectiously positive attitude. Aronson also was active in the community and listed as a trustee for the Metro Detroit Youth Clubs (formerly The Boys & Girls Clubs of Oakland & Macomb counties).
The couple began making fresh salsa in Ferndale and grew the brand to become the country's No. 1 fresh salsa. The Aronsons later sold the company to Campbell Soup for $231 million in 2015.
Rafic Baydoun
Falafel expert
This Dearborn restaurateur was described as the "fairy godfather of falafel." Rafic Baydoun died in January after battling COVID-19. He was 79.
Dearborn locals knew Baydoun for being a genuinely kind person, especially when greeting customers at his son's restaurant, Rafic's Falafel.
Born in Bint Jbeil, Lebanon, Baydoun learned and perfected his famous falafel as a teenager. It was in Lebanon that his love for hospitality and the restaurant industry was fostered, his daughter-in-law, Abeir Baydoun, 40, told the Free Press.
Rafic Baydoun moved to Dearborn in 2007 to be near his children and their families.
Rafic Baydoun's son, Hassan, decided to open Rafic's Falafel in 2014, and although the Dearborn location is just 6 years old, the restaurant's history goes back to its humble roots in Bint Jbeil.
Rafic Baydoun spent days at the Dearborn restaurant, ensuring people had a good time and an even better meal.
Greg Mudge
Mudgie's Deli, Detroit
It was Labor Day weekend when the news of Greg Mudge's death rippled through the Corktown community.
Mudge, known as the "heart" of Corktown and owner of Mudgie's Deli, died suddenly on Sept. 5. His death at age 46 shocked the neighborhood community and metro Detroit's restaurant community. A memorial service that included a march to the deli drew hundreds of mourners to honor the late Mudge.
An Oakland County medical examiner determined that Mudge died of natural hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Mudge founded the deli in 2008. The deli closed for a while after Mudge's death. It has since reopened with carryout only; the dining room remains closed to the public.
Jim Lark
Former restaurant owner
Co-owner of the Lark restaurant, a highly acclaimed former fine-dining establishment in West Bloomfield, Jim Lark died in January of natural causes. He was 90.
Following his passion for food, travel and wine, Lark and his wife, Mary, opened the small, 50-seat European country inn-style restaurant in 1981. The Larks' worldly travel experiences were often showcased at the restaurant through special themes or dinners.
Throughout its more than three decades, the Lark restaurant was award-winning and received plenty of accolades, with both local and national awards. It was often named as the best in Zagat surveys and several publications including Condé Nast Traveler and Gourmet magazines.
Rack of Lamb Genghis Khan was one of the restaurant's signature dishes and was on the menu since the beginning. In 2013, the restaurant sold its 75,000th order of the famed entrée. The Lark closed in 2015.
Matt Prentice
Chef and restaurateur
A longtime metro Detroit chef and former restaurateur who once ran more than a dozen restaurants, Matt Prentice died in April after a brief illness. He was 62.
Prentice was best known for the former Unique Restaurant Corp., which was the driving force behind many metro Detroit restaurants, including the former Coach Insignia at the top of the Renaissance Center (now Highlands), Deli Unique, Duet, Shiraz, Morels, Northern Lakes Seafood and many more.
The restaurant group was later renamed the Matt Prentice Restaurant Group. More recently, Prentice partnered with Mary Liz Curtin of the popular Leon and Lulu in Clawson, opening the Three Cats Cafe in the trendy retailer's theater annex building next door.
Danny Raskin
Columnist/restaurant reviewer
Longtime weekly columnist and restaurant reviewer Danny Raskin, who wrote for the Detroit Jewish News for nearly 80 years, died in July. Raskin was 102.
He had been reviewing restaurants in metro Detroit for more than 60 years.
Raskin's weekly column was called the "Best of Everything." It was a restaurant review column that included other news and shout-outs like birthdays and anniversaries. Raskin was known for being stylishly dressed, with his oversized glasses and thick white mustache.
The Detroit Chapter of the Society of Professional Journalists honored Raskin for his longevity with a Legacy Award in 2019.
Gene Timmer
Dutch Girl Donuts
Gene Timmer, longtime owner of Dutch Girl Donuts on Woodward Avenue in Detroit, died Sept. 17 of complications from cancer. He was 75.
Timmer's daughter Hanna Parrow said her father was kind and generous and always put family first. Dutch Girl Donuts closed in September. The doughnut shop was founded by Timmer's parents in 1947. It was a shop where the cinnamon rolls were still hand-rolled and hand-cut.
Contact Detroit Free Press food writer Susan Selasky and send food and restaurant news to: 313-222-6872 or sselasky@freepress.com. Follow @SusanMariecooks on Twitter.
Support local journalism and become a digital subscriber to the Free Press.


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Why Do You Race?
By Pete Williams
Many reasons to race
Recently I wrote a story for CorePerformance.com where I asked a bunch of my endurance athlete friends a simple question: Why do you race?
I thought I'd get a bunch of similar responses along the lines of fueling the competitive fire, staying in shape, etc. Instead, I got some varied inspirational advice.
CorePerformance.com is a terrific Web site that grew out of the Core Performance books I've had the honor of writing with Mark Verstegen.
I'm guessing we'll revisit this topic in the future. Why do you race?
Filed under Running, Training
Tagged as CorePerformance.com, Mark Verstegen, Pete Williams, Why do you race?
ESF's Pete Williams on ABC 28 Talking Movement Preparation
ESF's Pete Williams on ABC 28 Talking Movement …, posted with vodpod
Filed under ABC 28 TV Fitness Tips, Running, Training
Tagged as ABC 28, Core Performance, Ellen McNamara, John Thomas, Mark Verstegen, Movement Preparation, Pete Williams, WFTS
Live Laser Hair Removal Radio
Laser hair removal is increasingly popular, especially among athletes.
CLEARWATER – The popularity of laser hair removal has soared in the last decade and people have turned to an easy, effective, and increasingly affordable method of hair removal.
Endurance athletes are especially fond of laser hair removal since it gives them a competitive edge on the bike, in the water and in pretty much any other endurance activity.
Terri LaBrecque, owner of The LaBrecque Center for Aesthetics, is one of the foremost practitioners of laser hair removal. Operating out of a spa-like setting with two of the most modern lasers on the market, LaBrecque has provided laser hair removal to hundreds of Tampa Bay area residents.
We're in the process of a series of treatments with Terri and this week we broadcast The Fitness Buff Show live from her office as I underwent laser hair removal. Looking for the perfect gift for this holiday season for yourself or a loved one? Why not laser hair removal?
Listen to show HERE.
Filed under Fitness Buff Show Radio
Tagged as Fitness Buff Show, LaBrecque Center for Aesthetics, laser hair removal, Pete Williams, Terri LaBrecque, Whit Lasseter
Matt Fitzgerald's "Iron War"
Matt Fitzgerald is perhaps the most prolific endurance sports writer in the business. Usually he's providing terrific instructional advice on training and nutrition, but in his new book IRON WAR he tackles the narrative form, providing a richly-detailed account of the 1989 Ironman championship.
That year, Mark Allen finally overcame longtime rival Dave Scott to win triathlon's coveted title in an epic showdown in Kona. Fitzgerald examines what drove the two most decorated triathletes in the sport to greatness. The result is a gripping page-turner, even though the reader knows who will win.
Fitzgerald recently joined us to talk about IRON WAR on The Fitness Buff Show. You can listen to that broadcast HERE.
Filed under Fitness Buff Show Radio, Triathlon
Tagged as Dave Scott, Fitness Buff Show, Ironman, Kona, Mark Allen, Matt Fitzgerald, Pete Williams, triathlon
Great American Paddle-In
Talking paddling and writing
I love the Great American Teach-In, where parents come to school and talk with their kids' classes about what they do for a living.
As a writer, though, it's a challenge to compete with brave people in uniform: cops, firefighters, military. They have cool stories and even better props.
I did my first Teach-In in 2008 and back then I thought kids might find my sportswriter perspective interesting. After all, my kids go to a school adjacent to the Toronto Blue Jays spring training site. Tampa Bay is a sports crazed market. Surely, they'd find it cool that I go to sports events, interview athletes, and write about it.
What I found, however, is kids weren't that interested, which should trouble those who run professional sports teams. When I was 8 years old, I could rattle off every player on the Blue Jays – at the time a two-year-old expansion franchise – and I lived in Virginia.
These days, I wonder what would happen if Jose Bautista walked behind the outfield wall during spring training, strolled through the school courtyard and into the lunchroom in uniform. How many kids would know who he was?
I gave my same sportswriter spiel in 2009 and 2010. I brought a DVD of my television appearances talking sports and kids found that slightly more interesting.
Today I took a different approach, bringing in a stand-up paddleboard and an iPad, which I used to show off Paddle Fit, the "vook" (video book) on stand-up paddleboarding I had the honor of writing with SUP guru Brody Welte, who recently moved from the Tampa Bay area to San Diego.
Even though I only brought an 8-foot kids paddleboard, as opposed to my 12-foot-6 board, that was enough to draw oohs and ahs the moment I walked in the door. I demonstrated how to size a paddle and proper paddling technique. The vook helped a lot.
The third graders and first graders asked a lot of great questions about writing and paddleboarding, though the first graders seemed much more concerned about encountering sharks.
Why didn't I take this approach earlier for the Great American Teach-In? After all, the media world I've worked in over the last 20 years is unrecognizable today. Who knows what it will look like in five years?
Last week, I spoke to a feature writing class at the University of South Florida, a group composed of communications majors. I couldn't help but wonder what these kids planned to do with their degrees.
Go into journalism? Really?
The first graders and third graders are passionate about writing. They asked what I like to write about and I stressed how it's a lot easier to write about things that interest you. For me, that's been sports, business, fitness, and now endurance sports. Adapt to new technologies – like the iPad and vook – and you can keep writing forever, at least I hope.
After speaking to my second class, I packed up the paddles and board and headed out. I'm not doing noble work like the folks in uniform, but at least I could hold my own at The Great American Teach-In.
Filed under SUP
Tagged as Brody Welte, Great Ameican Teach-In, Paddle Fit, Stand-up paddleboarding, Yolo Board
Race of the Week: Muddy Buddy Miami
Navigating the mud pit at Muddy Buddy
Just two years ago, Muddy Buddy had a near monopoly on the obstacle mud run category, at least among national tours.
These days, it seems a new mud series launches every week, which has stolen some of the thunder from Muddy Buddy's all-inclusive, entry-level, bike-and-run, obstacle barnstorming tour, which finishes the 2012 campaign Sunday at Zoo Miami.
Bob Babbitt, who created the series 12 years ago, says there's a place for all of the races.
"It's like running where you have races from 5K to marathon and even further," he says. "Now you have Muddy Buddy, Spartan Race, Tough Mudder. There's plenty of variety and athletes have no shortage of options."
There's a lot to like about Muddy Buddy that other events haven't duplicated. The two-person, leapfrog format is unique. One competitor starts out on the bike, rides to the first obstacle, completes the first challenge and takes off running. Meanwhile the second athlete runs to the bike. After about six miles of changing off, the athletes meet up at the mudpit for a 50-yard crawl.
Athletes compete in male/male, female/female, or mixed divisions and numerous marriage proposals have been made in the mud pit. A frequent refrain is that a Muddy Buddy race might be the perfect third date.
For all the talk about entering other mud runs as teams, that's usually irrelevant once the race starts. At Muddy Buddy, you must compete as a team since you're sharing a bike.
Plus, only at Muddy Buddy can you roll back your age. That's because most scoring divisions are by combined age. In April, I teamed with a 58-year-old triathlete training partner for Muddy Buddy Orlando and we finished 12th out of 70 teams in the new "competitive" age category, which Muddy Buddy added this year for those who take their mud runs seriously. (The competitive division goes first, thus avoiding the inevitable backup of traffic on the course.)
On Sunday, I'll team with a 20-year-old pal, also from my tri group, who goes to college in South Florida. Not surprisingly, there's been plenty of trash talk between my two buddies over which team will post the better 2011 time. (That's assuming I haven't gotten any faster or slower in seven months.)
Old shoes and black socks recommended
We recently spoke with Babbitt, the unofficial historian of the endurance sports world who dresses in a frog suit for each Muddy Buddy event, on The Fitness Buff Show.
Name of Race: Columbia Muddy Buddy
When: Sunday, November 20, 2011, Zoo Miami, 8 a.m.
History: This is a second-annual event at Zoo Miami, though the Muddy Buddy series is 12 years old.
Format: Two-person teams with one bike between them leapfrog over a roughly six-mile course, dealing with obstacles and a mud pit at the end of the course.
Amenities: T-shirts, post-race food
Noteworthy: This is the Muddy Buddy season finale. A proposed season championship for the Dec. 3-4 weekend in Punta Gorda was scrapped once Tough Mudder scheduled a race in Pasco County the same weekend.
Projected Turnout: 900 two-person teams
Registration: Online through Nov. 16 at $150/team. Day-of-race registration available space permitting.
Filed under Races, Running
Tagged as Bob Babbitt, Columbia Muddy Buddy, Miami, obstacle mud runs, Spartan Race, Tough Mudder
Turning Pro at Pacifico
"Pro" SUP rider? (photo by Chad Jarae - Encounter Creative)
ST. PETE BEACH – So maybe it was a lightly-contested field or a win by default.
It doesn't matter. I won $75 in a competitive race.
Today I am a professional athlete.
The Pacifico Paddle Challenge took place Saturday afternoon on a postcard-perfect day in front of, appropriately enough, The Postcard Inn. Shane "Waterboy" Webb, a co-owner of SUPPaddleboard.com, promised $3,000 in cash awards, $3,000 worth of raffle prizes, and a free pig roast – all for a $45 pre-registration fee (or $50 raceday).
Webb delivered on everything. At a time when your average obstacle mud run charges $75 (providing no food) and triathlon entry fees continue to escalate, SUP races are the best value in endurance sports.
Admittedly, they have to be because they're not drawing huge numbers – yet. That's how I knew I had a shot at prize money.
In July, I entered one of Webb's SUP Splash Series races at the same venue and was stunned to hear my name called at the awards ceremony since I finished last in the elite 6-mile race.
But I was the only entrant in the "stock board" category. Unlike the rest of the athletes, who competed on sleeker, faster "race boards," I used a slower board, although my Yoloboard Eco Trainer is a terrific stock board.
Best postrace spread ever
Some compare racing a stock board in an elite race to riding a mountain bike in a triathlon. The difference probably isn't that pronounced, but there's no question you're significantly slower on a stock board.
Since July, I've acquired a race board and considered riding it Saturday – until I realized there was prize money for the stock division: $150 for first, $75 for second and $50 for third. (Top three men and women won money in the race board division, starting with $700 apiece for the first-place finishers).
The 3-mile race featured athletes mostly with stock boards. Upon checking in, I learned that the most I could hope to win in the 5-mile race was $75 unless at least four athletes competed in stock boards. That seemed only fair.
When we lined up on the beach for the mass start – paddleboard race starts make triathlon swim starts look tame since everyone is swinging carbon fiber and trading epoxy – I noticed just one other stock board.
I had a competitor for $75.
That guy fell behind quickly and bowed out before the race ended. I stayed in front of eight or 10 race boards for most of the race, but could not keep up on the third lap, finishing ahead of just four.
Transitioning at Pacifico
I love the race format of the Pacifico race, which borrowed from California's Battle of the Paddle. After each of the first two 1.7-mile laps, athletes exited the water, ran 40-yards with their paddles as "board caddies" turned their boards around, and reentered the water. It's SUP's answer to the NASCAR pit stop or the triathlon transition.
I picked up my cash winnings after enjoying the best-ever post-race food – a pig roast – and watching a raffle that included a beach cruiser bicycle and a killer surfboard. The various winners of the 3-mile race did not win cash, just cool hardware, but each received a raffle ticket. (The money for the women's stock board 5-mile division went unclaimed as there were no entries.)
After the 5-mile race, Webb staged one last event: the "Dash for the Cash." Competitors sprinted about 200 yards to a buoy and back. Hundred bucks for the male and female winners.
Best part of the day was seeing a 12-year-old racer go absolutely nuts when his raffle ticket was called for the surfboard – about 15 minutes after a wedding ended on the beach in front of us.
It's tough to say how long SUP races can keep offering cash prizes. Love the idea, and there seems to be enough sponsor interest from the likes of Pacifico beer to make it work for now, but it's always a challenge to make the numbers work for any race director in any endurance event.
For now, cash is a great thing. It makes the race more interesting and attracts the professionals.
Like myself.
Filed under Races, SUP
Tagged as Pacifico Paddle Challenge, Postcard Inn, Shane Webb, Stand-up paddleboarding, SUP
Wrote about the psychology of rehab for @TeamEXOS. blog.teamexos.com/work-smart/psy… 9 months ago
Can't believe it was 15 years ago this week Mark Verstegen @TeamEXOS and I published Core Performance. Still timele… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 year ago
Been helping out lately with dry land training for @The_CAT_TEAM. Here's a piece I wrote for Men's @MensFitness on… twitter.com/i/web/status/9… 2 years ago
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Sashiko (literally "little stabs") is an old traditional embroidery originally used to strengthen clothes in a visually pleasing way. It became over time an elegant design.
It inspired this beautiful chopsticks holder as it shows in its cavity the Asa no ha design (blue and white hemp leaves), probably the most used Sashiko pattern in Japan.


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Q: Point as an element of an affine space vs point as an element of a topological space? I am searching for the "most natural" definition of a (geometrical/space) point as an element of "something" in mathematics (I am trying to design a small computational geometry library on strong mathematical basis). For example, for a vector, it's easy: a vector is an element of a vector space, end of story. Same for a tensor: a tensor is an element of the tensor product of vector spaces. But how to define a point in the same way?

*

*Can a point be defined as an element of an affine space or as an element of a topological space?

*If both are true, what are the difference between the two types of points, and what would be the most natural (it's subjective) approach to define a point in geometry?

*Moreover, do other approaches exist (a point is an element of XXXX)?
EDIT: I know that a point is an axiom/primitive notion but to design the library I need to make a choice. And I want to know the best option...

A: A point is a primitive notion. In particular, a primitive notion is not defined in terms of previously defined concepts, but is only motivated informally, usually by an appeal to intuition and everyday experience. A vector or a tensor is not an undefined notion, in fact their existence relies on the existence (the definition) of a vector space (tensor product space). If you cancel the concept of vector space, what is a vector? But even if you forgot all the mathematic knowledge, you know what a point is. The only reason is that the "definition" of a point (better say: the concept of a point) doesn't lie in mathematics.
If you define a point as an element of a set X, you are not define a "point" but you call the elements of such set X "points".
In fact defining a "point" as an element of a set $X$ automatically bring some extra property to the "point". Properties which are related to the starting set $X$ and so they don't hold in general.
An example: if you define a "point" as an element of an affine space you automatically have the property of subtracting one point from another to gain a vector (a "point" of a vector space which has other properties in relation to other "points" of the same set). Such property is impossible to have if you define "point" as elements of topological spaces. assuming I understand what you mean the only criterion valid for defining "points" in this way is "what property" I want attached to them?

A: A "space" in mathematics in its most primitive form consists of an underlying set, and elements of this set are usually referred to as "points". But what makes a set an actual "space" is some sort of additional structure imposed on the underlying set, the most simple geometric structure being a topology on the set.


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Q: Is it recommended to invoke REST-API through microservice? Is it recommended to invoke REST-API through microservice instead of direct REST endpoint calling? any pros & cons on that? is it a kind of duplication (redundancy).?
for example, We are using API Management Gateway. There are so many REST API's which are providing for UI/API related functions. but if our client trying to use those APIs through their microservices then it would be a kind of duplicate scenario, or not.?

A: You don't need to have microservices if it is not needed. You should start by reading more about microservices. It really depends on your project. There should be no difference in calling an endpoint whether you have a monolith architecture or a microservice. My advice would be to read more about microservices.
I hope you will find a way with the challenge you are facing.

A: From your question what I can understand is , you are trying to ask if you can use same api which can be called from UI as well as your client will call it from their microservice.
If this is so , then there are generally no pros and cons as such. It all depends on how your architecture is designed.
If you are using same api for both i.e. UI as well as you are exposing to your client , then probably your api design is very flexible, but at the same time are you handling security properly ?
In other case say you are using different apis, then yes it would be a redundancy lets say if input/output params are same in both cases.
So you really need to understand the design first.


Tine Provinciael, born in 1992, has always been fascinated by science and healthcare. In combination with her love for animals, she decided at a young age to become a veterinarian. In July 2016 she successfully completed the studies of veterinary medicine at the University of Ghent and started working as a veterinarian in a clinic for small animals right away. After working there for over a year, she decided to take her passion for healthcare to the next level.
Because of her special interest in the development of and research for new and better products and devices for both animal and human healthcare, she came along Novosanis. In 2017 she joined the team as Quality Assurance.


What I like best: Although Coach Coughlin is no longer with the team he has been cemented in G-Men lore forever. The principles displayed in this book are exactly why that is the case. They are also the primary reason why he is two-time Super Bowl winning head coach. He stresses the importance of preparation starting with self-analysis and how preparing to excel starts while nobody is watching!
If you want a book that punches you in the face with preparation techniques then look no further. "This is not a football book...it's a systematic approach to life," says Coughlin. Making this book applicable to everyone hence the title. It's an easy read as he shares untold stories about his past players like Michael Strahan, Fred Taylor, Tony Boselli, Justin Tuck, Doug Flutie, and Eli Manning. You will also learn the importance of "Coughlin time" or 5 minutes earlier which most Giant's fans already are familiar with, ha! I love his thought/technique on how to anticipate obstacles and future situations - SO enviable. Pick it up this weekend and PREPARE yourself to crush the last four months of the year!


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of practice in web design.


text:
Маліцька Ксенія Михайлівна  (* 1890, Москва — † 1969) — радянський мистецтвознавець, працювала в Музеї образотворчих мистецтв імені Пушкіна в Москві.

Життєпис

Ранні роки і навчання
Народилась в Москві, дочка адвоката.

У 1909 р. закінчила гімназію.

У 1909 р. батьки дали їй можливість зробити подорож до Італії, де захопилася західноєвропейським мистецтвом.

1910 −1914 рр. — навчалася на Вищих жіночих курсах (історико-філологічний факультет).

1914 р. — відбула в довгу подорож по Іспанії.

Музейний працівник

З 1912 р. працювала в Музеї образотворчих мистецтв (тоді — Музей красних мистецтв) екскурсоводом. З 1916 р. — голова сектору каталогізації музейних колекцій, пізніше працювала у відділі скульптурних копій середньовіччя та доби Відродження. З 1926 р. до 1940 р. — голова наукової бібліотеки музею. З 1940 р. — зав. відділом західноєвропейського мистецтва (до 1969 року.)

Маліцька була серед тих, хто організував евакуацію музейних збірок з Москви під час війни 1941-15 рр., а потім — відновлював працю музею. У 1942 р. захистила дисертацію з назвою «Мистецтво Іспанії 16-17 століть», дозвіл на друк якої дали у 1947 р. Деякий час вела курс в Московському університеті.

Відомі атрибуції Маліцкої

Довго і наполегливо вивчала музейну збірку музею в Москві та деяких провінційних музеїв (Алма-Ата, Одеса тощо). Маліцька повернула справжні імена видатним картинам, не проданим за кордон за часів СРСР. Серед них — * Христа беруть під варту (Караваджо), Одеса
 Педро Еспалларгес, «Архангел Михайло важить людські душі», Москва
 Гойя, «Голова померлої чорниці», Москва
 Якопо да Емполі, «Натюрморт»

Друковані твори науковця (рос)
 Библиотека Музея Изящных искусств // Жизнь Музея: Бюллетень Государственного Музея Изящных Искусств. № 3. М.: Государственный Музей Изящных Искусств, 1927, с. 8-11;
 Веласкес, М., 1939. (Серия «Сокровища мирового искусства»)
 Веласкес, М., 1960 (Альбом репродукций)
 Испания. — М., 1935. (Серия «Города и страны»)
 Испанская архитектура и скульптура XV—XVIII вв. (18 страниц)
 Испанская живопись XVI—XVII вв. (Государственного музея изобразительных искусств им. А. С. Пушкина) М. 1947.
 Музей изобразительных искусств им. А. С. Пушкина. Каталог картинной галереи, 1948.
 Музей Прадо. Мадрид, М., 1971
 Толедо — старая столица Испании. — М., 1968. (Серия «Города и музеи мира»)
 Франсиско Сурбаран. М., 1968

Див. також
 Мистецтво Іспанії
 Музей образотворчих мистецтв імені Пушкіна
 Атрибуція

Посилання

Російські мистецтвознавці
Російські музейники

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Divisions in the U.S. based on ethnic lines remain a guarded secret from the rest of the world. As a result, conspicuously absent from analyses of the subprime meltdown by international organizations and media was any mention of color or ethnicity. But, it is well-known in the U.S. that the market for financial services, and for credit in particular, is segmented along lines of color. Studies by the Center for Responsible Lending, ACORN, and the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development all confirm that subprime lending is disproportionately concentrated on African American and Latino homeowners. These studies also show that subprime lending is highly concentrated in minority neighborhoods (both urban and suburban). In fact, higher-income African American and Latino borrowers are more likely to receive subprime loans than lower-income white borrowers. Commonly, subprime lending is defined as lending to people with impaired credit history. But this is a flawed definition; subprime lending is better defined as high-cost lending—loans that are more costly than prime credit. It is the segmented nature of the credit market which forces borrowers with equivalent credit histories as prime borrowers to settle for more expensive credit. A study by Freddie Mac estimated that 15 percent to 35 percent of subprime borrowers had high enough credit scores to qualify for prime credit; yet they ended up with subprime loans. It remains a fact that certain neighborhoods are not served at all or underserved by mainstream financial institutions, leaving a gap to be filled by alternative lenders that take advantage of the situation.


"Being fat makes me a lot of things -- a top contender for type II diabetes, for instance, or a heart attack, or stroke, maybe even a replacement knee or hip...But in many ways, my being fat also makes me pretty good for the economy. ... An efficient economy produces sluggish, inefficient bodies."
"The obesity problem is really a side effect of things that are good for the economy. But we would rather take improvements in technology and agriculture than go back to the way we lived in the 1950s when everyone was thin. Nobody wants to sweat at work for 10 hours a day and be poor. Yes, you're obese, but you have a life that is much more comfortable."
To begin with, the correspondence between being poor and thin bears some investigation. In fact it contradicts evidence which shows that poorer people in the US are not necessarily thinner, and this is due to their diets which are heavy with fats and carbohydrates. Indeed "fat" food is cheap food and a strong economy and wealthy citizens allow the choice of healthier (and sometimes more expensive) foods rather than the reverse.
It seems odd to me that what might be reasonably considered a drain on the economy (currently $124.7 billion for medical treatments related to obesity) is being extolled as a virtue. In a world where writers like this have no notion of cause and effect and are incapable of what seem to me to be the basics of logical thinking I despair about the future. One wonders if the next article will be one extolling the glorious economic value of cancer to our medical industries.
The previous article is PMP Study Guides.
The next article is One good thing about Project 2006 (AKA Project 12).


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text:
Launch of the Breaking Transmission Strategy
The county government of Meru played host to the launch of the Breaking Transmission Strategy, a five year plan that targets to control and eliminate the four Preventive Chemotherapy Neglected Tropical Diseases (PC-NTDs) namely: Soil Transmitted Helminthiasis, Schistosomiasis, Lymphatic Filariasis and Trachoma.
The event that took place on 14th February 2019 at Kariene Primary School in Meru was graced by the Cabinet Secretary for Health Sicily Kariuki, Meru County Governor Hon. Kiraitu Murungi, senior representatives from Children's Investment Fund Foundation (CIFF), World Health Organization (WHO), Kenya Red Cross Society (KRCS), United States Agency for International Development (USAID) among other line partners.
The partnership between the Government of Kenya and non-state actors targets to achieve strong coordination at global, national, county and community levels.
"Common neglected tropical diseases trap communities in a cycle of malnutrition, anaemia, poor learning, low productivity, poor maternity and child health outcomes, and the deepening of the type of neglected tropical diseases complications and disabilities such as blindness, swelling of limbs, and organ failure and even brain damage. For this reason, in May 2013 the world came together and resolved to intensify measures against Neglected Tropical Diseases. Untreated conditions continue to be observed because they are hidden in shame and isolation. People affected by these conditions do not have a chance to live a normal life unless they receive lifesaving or disability preventive measures and procedures," Sicily Kariuki, Cabinet Secretary, Health.
The strategy, which is aligned to the WHO-NTD guidelines of 2012 has six clear objectives that include: increase of mass drug administration coverage in all the endemic sub counties; expansion of NTD-WASH interventions; mainstreaming behavior change communication interventions; intensify advocacy, coordination and partnerships in NTD control and elimination; strengthen systems for monitoring, evaluation, surveillance and research; as well as plan for results, resource mobilization and financial sustainability of the program.
"This is the highest health forum held in this region ever. We thank you for choosing Meru county as the pioneer county for the launch of the neglected tropical and surgical diseases. Today is another milestone for us, we are here to launch a very important programme for neglected surgical conditions which have been for a long time a burden not only to patients but also to the entire community of Meru. They have been a source of pain, ridicule and embarrassment to those who are suffering from those conditions," said Governor Kiraitu Murungi.
In the long term, the strategy strives to fully implement PC-NTD interventions as well as sustain the gains beyond the five years implementation period. This will be achieved through synergy in order to yield a cost-effective approach during implementation.
"For us, this is a celebration to be here. We are excited that the government of Kenya through the ministry of health has really committed to breaking transmission and we believe this is really one of the Universal Health Coverage agenda. It is an exciting day for the Children's Investment Fund Foundation and we are here to continue working with the ministry and all stakeholders to ensure we finally get to our goal," lamented Lilies Njanga, CIFF Kenya Office.
Ultimately, the implementers hope to stop Mass Drug Administration (MDA) as a result of the reduction in prevalence and intensity by 2023. A key channel will be community based distribution that will include house-to-house distribution and fixed point distribution (schools, training institutions, health facilities, market places, beach halls etc) for persons who may not be in their homesteads during the MDA.
"I appreciate the leadership role the Ministry of Health has taken in addressing the issue of neglected tropical diseases in addition to the neglected surgeries. As the Kenya Red Cross Society, we are glad to be part of this journey of eliminating some of the very long term diseases that have disturbed us. We fully commit toward this noble course and echo our support to the national and county governments in the implementation of this strategy and ensure we achieve the set results," said Sylvia Khamati, Head of Health, Nutrition and Social Services, KRCS.
The event was further used to unveil the Committee of Experts tasked to spearhead the implementation of the Breaking Transmission Strategy (BTS) led by the Chair Prof. Benson Estambale.


text:
The Statement
Congressional Sobriety Test
Sobriety Test
Official Sobriety Test
SoberBlog
There are many organizations that have decided to put their energy and resources into passing an amendment to the US Constitution that somehow limits corporate power in influencing the democracy. Some strategies have a plan to organize locally and then at the state level to call for a Constitutional Convention of 38 required states.
There are also many in the nonprofit world who have chosen legislative paths to, at least, temporarily limit the impact of money in politics, aside from the underlying Supreme Court doctrine of "corporate personhood" and its accompanying rights.
At National Intervention, we hope to assist both the idea that ours can be a society free from the corrupting influence of money in politics and also free from the underlying premise that corporations are no longer only property controlled by people, but are "people" with rights in a constitution that never mentions the word "corporation" once.
Studies suggest that power, as a substance, can be as addictive in the human brain as cocaine, if not more. Called into Congress after architecting and executing the financial collapse, financial industry leaders testified that the government cannot expect them to stop themselves, adding that the government must act to intervene in order to stop them. Yet, may of the reforms since do far too little to stop those addicted to wealth and power from mass destruction in pursuit of the next fix.
We invite elected officials to prove, by taking our Official Sobriety Test, that they are not controlled by an addiction to corporate power and money in politics. We recognize that it is unlikely to happen in time to use a sober democracy for urgent legislation on the economy and the environment before it's too late. Nonetheless, we want to give those who may be addicted in elected office a chance to quit on their own.
Today, we are able to activate over 2/3 of any congressional district's nonvoters if just one sober candidate appears on the ballot. Half the country doesn't vote, but, while candidates who try to inspire nonvoters back to the polls gain only 2%-5% of them, National Intervention volunteers inspire over 65% when a sober candidate is an option. So many vital organizations work toward some aspect of amendment remedies. We use the amendment language that proves cleanly and clearly that one is both willing and able to end the dependency our system has on corporate power and money in politics. We do simultaneously support those in the federal government whose sobriety leads to the federal ratification of the amendment language. In the meantime, the strategic and moral focus at National Intervention is to continue the broad and deep organizing of our congressional districts and society around the tangible and quantifiable proof that we and our representatives are not controlled by the need for the next fix at any cost. Recovery from our a truly abusive relationship to those who have used and abused our wealth and power against us is the only way We, the People will replace greed as a higher power in a democratic society.
Amendment Remedies
Once an elected official takes office, National Intervention invites her or him to adopt the proposal to ratify the amendment at the federal level. If they choose to "kick the habit" when it comes to their addiction to corporate power and money in politics, then we will have somehow succeeded in winning them back from the brink of the disease and establishing a level playing field. If they, like many long-term addicts or enablers, cannot stop themselves without a serious intervention, the National Intervention chapters will continue to draw strong boundaries in the political and economic aspects of our relationship to those controlled by the addiction system.
National Intervention Coordinating Committees (NICCs) and Student National Intervention Coordinating Committees (SNICCs) are the drivers in their precincts and congressional districts. These committees run the remarkable Sobriety Test program to identify the candidates and elected officials who prove to be too "under the influence" to be safely behind the wheel of our democracy. Moreover, they also notify the eligible voters in their congressional districts of any candidates who have passed the Sobriety Test.
Economic intervention differs from the work of political democratization, in that it focuses on the ingredient in the substance of power that comes not from the vote and the compromised voter who produce it, but from labor and consumption, and the compromised workers and consumers who manufacture it: wealth. Regulating the ingredients of power seems critical in a society ruled by greed and political parties run by grift. Yet, while we are the manufacturers of one ingredient to the substance of power, our votes, it's equally important to remember that, as those who manaufacture all wealth, consumers and workers must also combine as interventionists in order to establish the boundaries necessary to intervene in or overcome the addiction system.
nationalintervention
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