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Hiking Portugal's Sintra Coast: Cabo da Roca to Azenhas do Mar
Jul 30, 2022 4 Comments
in Europe,Portugal
Sintra-Cascais Natural Park, Portugal, contains many national treasures like Pena Palace, Castle of the Moors, and Monserrate Palace.
Most Cascais and Lisbon day-trippers flock to the architectural wonders of Sintra and unknowingly overlook the beautiful Sintra coastline.
If you're seeking an alternative way to experience Sintra, far away from the crowds, we highly recommend hiking from Cabo da Roca to Azenhas do Mar.
Highlights of this Sintra coastal hike are the lovely beaches of Praia da Aroeira, Praia da Ursa, Praia da Adraga, and Praia Grande.
To visualize this hike, see the map at the bottom of this post.
Hiking Sintra Coast: Cabo da Roca to Praia da Ursa and Azenhas do Mar
Starting Point: Cabo da Roca
Ending Point: Azenhas do Mar
Distance: 11.5 km point-to-point
Elevation Gain: 273 meters
Elevation Loss: 367 meters
Route: Cabo da Roca – Praia da Ursa – Praia da Adraga – Praia Grande – Praia das Maçãs – Azenhas do Mar
Where to Stay in Cascais: Nice Way Cascais Hostel and Surf Camp (budget), Casa Vela Charm Guest House (midrange), or The Albatroz Hotel (luxury)
Where to Stay in Lisbon: Goodmorning Solo Traveller Hostel (budget), Tesouro da Baixa by Shiadu (midrange), or Casa Balthazar (luxury)
Shorter Route. If you're interested in a shorter walk, we recommend the stretch between Cabo da Roca and Praia da Adraga. Praia da Adraga makes for a great end-point because there's a restaurant directly at the beach. Secondly, a road leads directly to Praia da Adraga. So, you could get a taxi or Uber/Bolt back to Cabo da Roca, or Cascais.
Sintra Coast Hiking Map
Sintra Coastal Hike Difficulty
When researching this area, we read that it's treacherous to hike from Cabo da Roca to Praia da Ursa. That's a bit dramatic.
However, it could potentially be dangerous if you're wearing sandals or inappropriate footwear. Or, if you're hiking after rainfall.
Kati and I wore light-weight hiking boots (Hanwag Tatra Light Lady GTX) and we could confidently hike the steep passages along the route without a problem.
The section initially after Praia da Ursa is very steep and requires the occasional use of your hands for stabilization. Other than that, it's not particularly hard.
Plan your trip to Portugal: 2 Week Portugal Itinerary
Sintra Coastal Trail Waymarking
There are very few waymarks along this Cabo da Roca Atlantic coastal trail. The route hugs the coast, with very few exceptions. So, when in doubt, stick to the coast.
Because you won't be able to rely on trail signage, we recommend downloading Maps.me (the offline maps app) and using that to navigate when it gets confusing.
And believe me, there will be a few times when you're confused.
Where to Eat along the Sintra Coastal Trail
There are lots places to eat along this Sintra coastal walk, though they prop up later on in the hike.
The first is Restaurante Adraga at Adraga Beach. Next, there are several restaurants congregated around Praia Grande as well as Praia das Maçãs.
At the end of the trail, we counted only two restaurants in Azenhas do Mar. We had a bite to eat at Água e Sal. I lie. We drank lots of wine.
Praia da Ursa is very beautiful, and you may want to stay there for an hour or two. If so, we recommend bringing a packed lunch.
How to Get to Cabo da Roca
Being the westernmost point of mainland Europe, Cabo da Roca is naturally a popular tourist attraction. Here, you'll see tourist buses and hordes of people.
Don't be discouraged: very few will venture further than the barrier zone of Cabo da Roca.
The good news is that it's very easy to get to Cabo da Roca from Cascais, Sintra, or Lisbon.
Cascais to Cabo da Roca
Take Bus 403, operated by Scotturb, from Cascais to Cabo da Roca. It's a 30-minute bus ride.
Bus Timetable: Scotturb Bus 403
You can purchase your ticket directly on the bus: 3.40 EUR. The bus departs from the Cascais bus terminal.
Lisbon to Cabo da Roca
If you're starting your day in Lisbon, you'll first need to get to Cascais.
Head to the Cias do Sodré train station and take the train to Cascais (2.30 EUR one-way + 0.50 EUR for a reusable card).
Train Timetable: Cais do Sodre – Cascais
The train ride from Lisbon to Cascais (and back) is included in the Lisbon Card (24, 48, or 72-Hour Pass).
From the Cascais train station, cross the street to the bus terminal (Google Maps) and take Bus 403 to Cabo da Roca (3.40 EUR one-way).
Cabo da Roca to Praia da Ursa and Azenhas do Mar Trail Description
Cabo da Roca to Praia da Ursa
View of Aroiera Beach from Coastal Trail
From the Cabo da Roca parking lot, backtrack along the main road. There's no side-walk, so please be careful.
After several meters, you'll see a narrow dirt trail on your left leading to the coast.
We took this first trail. If you continue along the road, there will be several others, all leading the same way. It doesn't really matter which one you take.
The trail will split a few times. Opt for the left trail (twice) to the Aroiera Beach lookout.
You don't have to hike down to the beach, but the lookout is beautiful. From the lookout retrace your steps to the last intersection.
Here, you'll take a left, so you're heading north and towards Praia da Ursa.
As you approach Ursa beach, you'll see two striking limestone formations just off the beach.
They look like Hershey's kisses floating in the water. Enjoy the view and descend to the beach.
The descent can be slippery, so hiking shoes will be immensely helpful.
It should only take 30-40 minutes to reach the beach from Cabo da Roca.
Praia da Ursa to Praia da Adraga
We ascended back to the main trail via the same route we came. However, there's likely another path further up the beach.
As you continue North, the views of Praia da Ursa continue to marvel.
The trail dips to a small water crossing and then ascends once more. This is the steepest part of the whole trail.
The trail levels and you continue straight for quite some time. We followed this path all the way to the cliff overlooking Praia do Cavalo, which is a very narrow cove framed by vertical cliffs.
From here, the path seems to continue to Adraga beach. But, we decided to turn back, because the path was getting increasingly narrow through thick vegetation.
You'll want to find the path that leads inland and ultimately down to the paved road. At the trail – road intersection, turn left and walk to the beach: Praia da Adraga.
Praia da Adraga is a great place for lunch. There's a self-service casual restaurant adjoined to a more formal restaurant.
We grabbed some drinks and took a long break here, before continuing to Praia Grande.
Praia da Adraga to Praia Grande
From Adraga beach, the trail ascends on the other side of the parking lot. There's a trail marker signed GR 11 – E9 Praia Grande (1600 m). There's a beautiful view of Adraga beach from this lofty perspective.
The trail then steers inland and you'll hike through a beach-forest section for a few minutes, before heading back to the coast.
Eventually, you'll reach a pretty spectacular lookout of Praia Grande. You'll probably see a few surfers floating about, waiting to catch a wave.
On the opposite side of the beach, there's a large saltwater pool that extends to the ocean.
There's a long stone staircase that leads from the trail all the way down to Praia Grande. We followed a bunch of locals down the stairs, missing the signage that said it was closed off.
When we reached the bottom, we saw a huge sign stating that the staircase was closed. Whoops.
To avoid the staircase, you'll just have to walk inland and take the road to Praia Grande. It's a small detour.
Read Next: Best Coastal Hikes in Portugal
Praia Grande to Praia das Maçãs
The trail continues along the length of Grande beach. You'll pass the large saltwater pool and continue on a sidewalk along the coastal road: Avenida Alfredo Coelho.
This stretch of trail follows the road. Eventually, there's a walking path that leaves the road and heads to the coast to the Archeological Site of Alto da Vigia, which is situated above cliffs overlooking the beach of Praia das Maçãs.
We missed the site completely. But, the views of the town above Praia das Maçãs are quite captivating.
Continue all the way to the beach of Praia das Maçãs and then to the white-washed town above the beach.
Praia das Maçãs to Azenhas do Mar
After crossing the beach of Praia das Maçãs, continue along Rua Nossa Senhora da Praia, the road hugging the coast. The route to Azenhas do Mar is straightforward.
You'll either walk on a sidewalk along the main road or on a walking path. You'll see fishermen and fisherwomen teetering on the cliff edges catching their dinner.
The final stretch along Rua Dr. António Brandão de Vasconcelos (the road leading to Azenhas do Mar) is beautiful, making your efforts to get to this point more than worth it.
The whitewashed village of Azenhas do Mar is an enchanting sight to behold. Stacked houses are clustered above the sea, sheltered by a cliff. At the foot of the town, there's a saltwater pool and beach.
Follow the staircase into town. We had a celebratory drink, or two, at Água e Sal.
How to get back to Cabo da Roca, Cascais, or Sintra
There's no direct bus from Azenhas do Mar to Cabo da Roca, or Cascais. So, we took an Uber (22 EUR) back to Cascais.
Note: Uber is not always available around Azenhas do Mar. Try the other apps, "Bolt" or "FreeNow", or ask a restaurant to call a taxi for you.
There is however a bus from Azenhas do Mar to Sintra (Portela de Sintra Station). If you're heading to Sintra, take Bus 440 or 441 (22 minutes).
Timetable: Bus 440 Scotturb
Where to Stay near the Sintra Coast
Budget | Goodmorning Solo Traveller Hostel is a lively and buoyant hostel in Lisbon. The atmosphere lends itself to meeting and connecting with other travelers. Repeat guests come back for the breakfast, happy hour, and good vibes.
Midrange | Tesouro da Baixa by Shiadu is a stylish guesthouse featuring notably spacious rooms, delicious breakfast, and outstanding staff. Guests can join a free walking tour of the area, conducted by the staff. Bonus: coffee and tea are freely available in the restaurant at all times during the day.
Luxury | Casa Balthazar is a hidden gem in Lisbon. This delightful guesthouse was designed with thoughtfulness and care. Guests have access to a garden with a pool and an on-site bar. In-room breakfast is included.
Look for accommodation in Lisbon.
Budget | Nice Way Cascais Hostel and Surf Camp
Midrange | Casa Vela Charm Guest House
Luxury | The Albatroz is an elegant boutique hotel with fine furnishings, beautiful views, and a fabulous location. Guests have access to an outdoor pool overlooking the bay.
Look for accommodation in Cascais.
Hiking in Portugal:
Rota Vicentina Fisherman's Trail
Portugal Travel Guides:
2 Week Portugal Itinerary
Algarve Travel Guide
1 Week Algarve Road Trip Itinerary
Where to Stay in the Algarve
European Coastal Hiking Trails:
Seven Sisters Cliffs Walk, England
Best Coastal Hikes in Malta
Coastal Hiking
There are 4 comments on this post
Jun 08, 2021 Reply
This is such a great hike and thanks to your post I convinced myself to do it! I love how well you described this trail, thank you! it's such a beautiful corner of the world and one of my favourite places in Portugal! For everyone who likes hiking it is a must-do trip! Thank you!
moonhoneytravel
Hi Pati!
I'm so happy to hear that you enjoyed the hike along the Sintra Coast. Wishing you many more wonderful adventures in Portugal.
Noman Ahmed
This was explain so well. I did the hiking from Cabo da Roca to Praia da Adraga. Followed maps.me and it went fine. The view is amazing and food at "Praia da Adraga" restaurant is very good. Then with their help called a cab to Sintra (30 euros) (Uber wasn't available at that moment)
Hi Noman,
So happy to hear that you enjoyed this coastal hike in Portugal!!
-Sabrina


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'Start-Up Nation' starting to tackle its own climate crisis
On eve of COP26, Israel is touting greentech innovation as it lags behind in battle to lower greenhouse gas emissions
Amir Levy/Getty Images
Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett speaks before parliament votes on a new government on June 13, 2021 in Jerusalem, Israel.
Ruth Marks Eglash
When world leaders gather next week for COP26, the United Nations' Conference on Climate Change, in Glasgow, Scotland, Israel hopes to use the forum to position itself as a world leader in providing viable solutions to the global climate crisis.
But the self-declared "Start-Up Nation," known for its advanced greentech innovation in fields such as agriculture, water preservation, clean energy and the growing industry of alternative proteins, lags far behind other countries in tackling climate change and has set itself unambitious targets for lowering greenhouse gas emissions. There are some signs, however, that the current government is now taking major steps to catch up.
In recent weeks, Israel's environmental challenges have burst into public view, with Israel's President Isaac Herzog establishing an Israeli Climate Forum to bring together policymakers and experts, and the state comptroller, the nation's watchdog, releasing a stinging, in-depth report that seeks to serve as a blueprint to improving Israel's approach.
"The audit revealed many findings indicating that the State of Israel has yet to make the necessary perceptual shift," Matanyahu Englman, the state comptroller, wrote in the report's foreword. "Only a minority of public entities exhibited actions for improving adaptation to climate change. Israel is one of the few countries in the world that does not act based on a national adaptation plan that is budgeted and approved, although it is in a 'hot spot' (high-risk area), and thus even more exposed to climate change risks."
Englman said his report should act as a "warning light" to the public and the government.
Israeli President Isaac Herzog and his wife, Michal, together with Israel's Environment Minister Tamar Zandberg and Israel's Energy Minister Karin Elharar taste Watergen's water from air at an event at the president's residence in Jerusalem on Monday. (Amos Ben Gershom/GPO)
"Israel has not yet internalized the risks posed by climate change to the economy and financial system," he wrote, adding that even "in the field of climate innovation, Israel is at the bottom of the list of countries reviewed."
On Sunday, Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, who will attend next week's conference, formally declared climate change a matter of "national security" — a step that will require Israel's security agencies to begin preparing for climate-related emergencies — and released a 100-point plan that includes an allotment of some $225 million to improving energy efficiency, bolstering solar energy production and encouraging innovative greentech.
"The climate crisis is one of the major issues on the world agenda," the prime minister said in a statement. "It concerns the lives of all of us, and also the lives of our children and grandchildren. We are obligated to deal with it in Israel; it is at the core of our being."
After facing criticism for not setting an ambitious enough goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, Bennett on Friday announced that Israel would aim for net zero emissions by 2050, bringing it in line with the Biden administration and other Western countries and fulfilling the goals of the conference. The prime minister will lead a delegation of more than 100 Israeli ministers, Knesset members, government officials, diplomats, experts and industry leaders to Glasgow.
"We need a change of direction," former Knesset member Dov Khenin told Jewish Insider. "We are in a state of emergency and the decisions we need to make are not what will happen in 2030 or 2050 but what will affect us today and tomorrow."
Khenin, who will head the president's climate forum, said the country's challenges were multifold and included an urgent need to move from an overwhelming reliance on private vehicles to improving public transport; a switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy; and more sustainable planning for large infrastructure projects.
"There needs to be a deep change in the whole system of planning, and we must prepare ourselves for the dangers ahead — the lack of water, desertification, floods — issues that the whole world is confronting," Khenin told JI.
"I think that the fact that Prime Minister Bennett is going to Glasgow is very important and positive," he continued, adding that the prime minister's and the president's interest in the issue were finally creating an important national conversation around climate change. "People are more aware of the challenges today than before and they know this is no longer an issue of the far future, it is not a crisis happening far away but is something that is influencing our lives here in Israel."
"This is the first time Israel is giving attention to climate justice," said Yosef Abramowitz, CEO of Energiya Global Capital, using a term that frames climate change as an ethical and political issue, rather than one that is purely environmental or physical in nature. Energiya is an impact-investment platform for solar energy in the developing world.
A solar pioneer, Abramowitz is the driving force behind Israel's first solar fields, which have allowed the Negev desert to become 100% powered by the sun during daylight hours. He told JI that Israel lags in the climate battle because, until now, there was "no moral leadership on the issue."
"I hope, with this government, that will now change," said Abramowitz, who will be part of Israel's delegation to Glasgow. He said Israel's renewable goals were still not ambitious enough, however, and that the country needed to make a drastic reduction of its greenhouse gas emissions.
Gideon Behar, Israel's special envoy for climate change and sustainability, acknowledged that Israel is trailing other countries on its climate goals but said that should not cancel out the innovative and sustainable solutions being developed by its rich tech sector.
"The world needs solutions and Israel can provide them," Behar told JI. "Israel can become a lab providing practical solutions to the climate crisis. It is a very important contribution to humanity."
Israeli President Isaac Herzog and his wife, Michal, taste the first-of-its-kind cultured meat produced by Future Meat, at an event at his residence in Jerusalem on Monday. (Amos Ben Gershom/GPO)
At an event at his residence on Monday for members of the Israeli delegation heading to the climate conference, Herzog showcased, and sampled, some of the Israel's top innovations in artificial protein production — plant-based vegan eggs developed by Zero Egg and the first-of-its-kind cultured meat made by Future Meat. He was also presented with a "carbon footprint" calculator, which calculates the quantity of greenhouse gases an individual emits into the atmosphere, and tasted Watergen's water, manufactured from humidity in the air.
"[I]f I had to summarize in two words our participation as the State of Israel at the climate summit in Glasgow next week, I would choose not only the word 'crisis,'" Herzog said at the event. "With your permission, I would add the word 'opportunity.' This is an opportunity — precisely because there is a massive crisis on our doorstep."
"Yes, the crisis is also an opportunity for us as a country to do tikkun olam, to repair the world," he continued. "Although we, as a small country, are not a major actor in the creation of the crisis, we can certainly be a meaningful actor in the response to it."
This story was updated on Friday, Oct. 29 to reflect an announcement by Prime Minister Naftali Bennett's office reflecting new climate change goals for Israel.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sam Husseni, who was covering the Trump-Putin summit on behalf of The Nation Magazine, was kicked out before the news conference between the world leaders.
Husseni was holding a sign reading "Nuclear Weapons Ban Treaty" was kicked out of the room inside the Presidential Palace in Helsinki. He is the communications director of a Washington non-profit who was covering the Trump-Putin summit in Finland on behalf of the magazine The Nation.
Here's a video of the incident shows Husseini holding the sign before security quickly grabbed him and forcibly took him out of the venue.
Reporters have an obligation to stay out of the way of the story. So, he isn't a reporter but an interloper. Plenty of good men and women can tell the story without becoming a part of it. It's why folks don't believe anything anymore.
I say that the security acted properly in this case!


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Education Minister: Catholic schools will be required to teach new sex ed program
Catholic schools must deliver the program as written, says Minister Liz Sandals.
Wed Jan 14, 2015 - 2:30 pm EST
Follow Pete
Ontario Catholic parents hoping their children attending a Catholic school will be spared an explicit sex-education curriculum that allegedly will teach their children about masturbation, to question their sexual identity as male or female, and about diverse family structures are out of luck.
Education Minister Liz Sandals stated on TVO's The Agenda yesterday that Catholic schools will not be able to opt out of the curriculum being forced upon Ontario's schools by lesbian Premier, Kathleen Wynne.
"There is one curriculum document, and it's our expectation that all four systems [English and French Catholic, English and French public] will be using the same curriculum document," she said.
Sandals said that while the Catholic school system will be able to provide "commentary" on the government-mandated sex-ed through its own family life program, it won't be allowed to change anything and must "deliver" the sex-ed as written.
If the curriculum is anything like its forerunner, shelved in 2010 after parental backlash, it will likely contain items contrary to Catholic sexual and moral teaching, such as approval of masturbation, anal and oral sex, homosexuality, and contraception.
Sandals defended the move to roll out the sex-ed for the 2015/16 school year, saying "it's the right time to do it for the kids, because the kids need the information."
When host Steve Paikin asked Sandals directly to respond to concerns that the curriculum would "actively encourage 12 year olds to masturbate as one way of learning about your body and teach eight year olds that being male or female is merely a social construct," she did not deny that the curriculum contained these components. Sandals instead deflected the question, saying that such components would be included in the teacher's aid as a "suitable response" if kids were to ask questions on the topic.
At a few points during the interview, Sandals spoke of the sex-ed program as providing children with "good, accurate information" about sex without saying from what perspective the information was judged to be 'good' and 'accurate.'
The abortion giant Planned Parenthood has a very different notion of what makes "good" sex-ed when compared to the Catholic Church. For instance, while Planned Parenthood holds that killing the pre-born child by abortion in the name of 'reproductive rights' is a socially good and acceptable action, the Catholic Church holds that abortion is always and everywhere wrong since it destroys a human being. It can never be justified.
Sandals also confirmed that the curriculum would teach children about what it means to give 'consent' to sex.
"We don't just need to talk about healthy relationships, we need to make it crystal clear and explicit that informed consent is required [before engaging in sexual activity], and we need both the boys and the girls to get the same information," she said.
LifeSiteNews reported earlier this week about critics reacting to teaching young children to give consent in a curriculum they say has been hijacked by activists with a homosexual agenda.
Dr. Judith Reisman, a professor at Liberty University School of Law, told LifeSiteNews at that time that "pedosadists" within the homosexual movement are moving to "lower the age of consent and to teach children that it is OK for them to consent to having sex with adults."
"The whole issue is to make children available for sex earlier. The younger the child can give consent, the quicker you can have sex with them that is legal," she said.
Find a full listing of LifeSiteNews' coverage of the Ontario government's explicit sex-ed program here.
catholic, ontario, ontario sex ed, sex education
Education Minister: Catholic schools will be required to teach new sex… Education Minister: Catholic schools will be required to teach new sex ed program News By Pete Baklinski


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Introducing the New Xbox Series X, the Next Generation Of Xbox
by Steve Vegvari – Fri, December 13, 2019
Source: Microsoft
Microsoft unveiled its newest console in the Xbox family last night during The Game Awards. What was previously under the guise of Project Scarlett was now announced to be Xbox Series X, a monolithic new Xbox console.
Microsoft revealed the Xbox Series X with a brief trailer during the award ceremony before Xbox chief Phil Spencer walked on stage to talk about the company creating the fastest and most powerful console the company has ever produced, raising the bar for performance. The Xbox Series X has been designed to be used both vertically and horizontally. The design is reminiscent of a compact PC tower, which is a step away from previous Xbox console designs.
Alongside the console, Microsoft revealed Sensua's Saga: Hellblade II, the next Ninja Theory title running in-engine on the Xbox Series X. The trailer showcased the leaps in graphical fidelity and realism that can be obtained when utilizing the console's power.
In addition to the console reveal, Microsoft also included a look at the new Xbox Wireless Controller. Fans of the Xbox One Controller should be pleased to see that not very many changes were made. Keeping the overall design intact, Microsoft has included a new Share button which will let players capture stills and video and upload them with ease. Microsoft has also designed a new hybrid D-pad to be closer to the one included on the Xbox Elite Controller. It was also confirmed that the Xbox Series X controller can be used with the Xbox One family of consoles.
Microsoft was recently reported to have two new consoles in development, a high-performing model and an entry-level model. Last night's reveal did not acknowledge the existence of a secondary console. However, drawing from the name "Xbox Series X" one could see a future where another SKU exists in the "Series" family.
While not included in the award show reveal, Xbox did reiterate on the specs of the Xbox Series X on Xbox Wire. Microsoft's new console will be targeting 4K 60FPS, with the possibility of hitting 120FPS with Variable Refresh Rate and 8K support. The Xbox Series X will be powered by a custom-designed processor leveraging Zen 2 and RDNA architecture. The Xbox Series X will also be fully backwards compatible, accessories included.
Microsoft has not divulged information on the pricing or exact release date. The Xbox Series X is targeting a "Holiday 2020" release window.
Telus Says It Has "No Known Relationship" With Fonus [u]


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The Spectrum of Play
Symbolic Play in the Treatment of Trauma, Mental Health and Developmental Differences
An Integrated Forum
With Plenary speakers: Alicia Lieberman, PhD; Linda Gunsberg, PhD; Serena Wieder, PhD & Gilbert Foley, EdD joined by Mona Delahooke, PhD & Connie Lillas, PhD, MFT, RN in a roundtable discussion.
Early Bird Rate Ends January 31, 2021
Alicia F. Lieberman, PhD
Alicia F. Lieberman, PhD, is the Irving B. Harris Endowed Chair in Infant Mental Health; Professor and Vice Chair for Academic Affairs at the University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry; Director of the Child Trauma Research Program at San Francisco General Hospital; and a former Board Member and President of ZERO TO THREE. Dr. Lieberman is the developer of Child-Parent Psychotherapy, an evidence-based treatment for traumatized children from birth-5 years old that has shown efficacy in five randomized controlled studies. She has made major contributions to the field's understanding of attachment, toddler development, and cross-cultural perspectives on early development through her research, writing, training, and consultation.
Gilbert Foley, EdD
Gilbert M. Foley, Ed.D., currently serves as Consulting Clinical Director at The New York Center for Child Development (NYCCD) in Manhattan and Consulting Psychologist and faculty member of the Institute for Parenting at Adelphi University. He is a retired tenured faculty member from the Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology of Yeshiva University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine where he taught for 20 years in the Department of School-Clinical Child Psychology and coordinated the Infancy Early Childhood track. For 13 years, he was Senior Clinical Supervisor in the Department of Pediatrics at NYU School of Medicine, Bellevue Hospital Center following his tenure as Chief Psychologist in the Department of Pediatrics' Special Needs Preschool Program at Schneider Children's Hospital, Long Island Jewish Medical Center.Dr. Foley has focused his entire career as a psychologist and educator primarily in the field of infancy and early childhood. He began as the psychologist for the Berks County (PA) Preschool, Head Start and Childcare Programs. Following this position, he directed and served as Principle Investigator of the Family Centered Resource Project, a federally funded model/ demonstration, outreach and technical assistance agency that provided training and consultation to Infant/ early-childhood professionals and programs across the nation. While serving as the Chief Psychologist in the Pediatric Department of the Medical College of Pennsylvania, he trained in psychoanalysis and also completed a fellowship at the Yale Child Study Center with the late, Sally Provence. Dr. Foley is co-author of the Cognitive Observation Guide(Communication Skill Builders/Psych. Corp),The Supportive Play Model(Teacher's College Press) and with Dr. Jane Hochman, Mental Health in Early Intervention: Achieving Unity in Principles and Practice(Paul H. Brookes). The Loss-Grief Model developed by Dr. Foley, is the official approach adopted by the State of Colorado Department of Education, Division of Exceptional Children's Parent Program. He is the author of numerous articles and has lectured nationally and internationally recently returning from a lecture tour in South Africa and was an invited speaker at the first international conference on preschool education in China sponsored by UNICEF and Nanjing University. Dr. Foley serves as a faculty member at the Parent-Infant Study Center of The Jewish Board of Family and Children's Services (JBFCS), New York City; The Institute for Parenting, Certificate Program in Infant Mental Health, Adelphi University; The DIR/Floortime Institute of Profectum Foundation, The Interdisciplinary Council for Learning and Developmental Disorders(ICDL)/Fielding University Ph.D. program in Child Development and the College of Education and Human Services, Center for Autism and Early Childhood Mental Health at Montclair State University in New Jersey. He is a founding board member of the Pennsylvania Association of Infant Mental Health and has served as a co-president of the New York Zero to Three Network and president of the Association of Early Childhood and Infant Psychology. His work has been acknowledged by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, The State of Connecticut Birth to Six Planning Committee, The State of Kansas and the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens. He served as a member of the State of Pennsylvania Task Force on the Family.
Constance Lillas, PhD, MFT, RN
Director of the Interdisciplinary Training Institute, Los Angeles /Connie Lillas, PhD, MFT, RN is the Director of the Interdisciplinary Training Institute with a background in high-risk maternal-child nursing, family systems, and developmental psychoanalysis. She is a National Graduate Zero to Three Leadership Fellow and a Court Team Liaison for a birth to three-year-old Fostering Family Partnerships pilot promoting child welfare reform in Los Angeles. Connie has a full-time private practice, specializing in dual diagnosis across both developmental delays and mental health concerns. In addition, she trains locally, nationally, and internationally on the Neurorelational Framework (NRF, 2009) based upon her co-authored book—Infant/Child Mental Health, Early Intervention, and Relationship-Based Therapies: A Neurorelational Framework for Interdisciplinary Practice, which is a part of the W. W. Norton Interpersonal Neurobiology Series.
Linda Gunsberg, PhD
Linda Gunsberg, PhD is Chair of the Family Law and Family Forensics Training Program at the Washington Square Institute for Psychotherapy and Mental Health in New York City. She is a Consulting Editor for Psychoanalytic Inquiry. Dr. Gunsberg has co-edited the volume, A Handbook of Divorce and Custody: Forensic, Developmental, and e Analytic Press, 2005), and co-edited the monograph for Psychoanalytic Inquiry, The Psychoanalyst in the Courtroom (2009). She received her adult psychoanalytic training at the New York University Postdoctoral Training Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis. In her clinical private practice and forensic work, Dr. Gunsberg sees children of all ages, adults, couples, and families.
Mona Delahooke, PhD
Mona M. Delahooke, PhD is a Clinical Psychologist specializing in the development of infants, children, and their families. She has received specialized training as an infant mental health specialist, and works widely with multi-disciplinary teams supporting children with developmental or emotional delays. She is a faculty member of the Early Intervention Training Institute (EITI) of the Los Angeles Child Guidance Clinic. She is a senior faculty member and Mental Health Working Group Co-Chair of the Profectum Foundation. Dr. Delahooke also provides training to personnel in the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health and the Westside Infant Family Network. Currently in private practice in Arcadia, California, she consults with parents, preschools, regional centers and school districts in the areas of developmental screening, assessment and intervention for children and their families.
Serena Wieder, PhD
Dr. Wieder is the Clinical Director and a founding member of the Profectum Foundation, dedicated to advancing the development and infant mental health of all children, including children, adolescents and adults with autism and special needs through training and educational programs. She also co-founded the Interdisciplinary Council on Developmental and Learning Disorders with the late Stanley Greenspan. Dr. Wieder is a Board Member of Zero to Three and also serves on Advisory Boards to various programs serving infant mental health and other special needs. She established DIR-Israel and provides consultation and training to international and national programs. As a clinical psychologist, Dr. Wieder has pioneered important approaches to diagnosing and treating infants and toddlers with infant mental health and developmental disorders. She co-developed the DIR Model with Stanley Greenspan, edited two diagnostic manuals for infants and young children, and created models for interdisciplinary post-graduate case based training and work with parents. She has co-chaired and organized national and international conferences integrating development, neuroscience and intervention approaches for nearly 20 years. Dr. Wieder also developed approaches to integrate visual-spatial knowledge to advance emotional and cognitive development. Her research interests concern follow up studies of children on the Autism Spectrum who have received DIR comprehensive interventions and the evaluation of training and educational programs. Dr. Wieder co-authored Engaging Autism, The Child With Special Needs and Infant and Early Childhood Mental Health with Stanley Greenspan, M.D. They also co-edited Infants in Multi-Risk Families as well as the ICDL Diagnostic Manual for Infants and Young Children (DMIC) and the original Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC 03). Most recently, Dr. Wieder co-authored Visual Spatial Portals to Thinking, Feeling, and Movement with Harry Wachs, O.D. She has published numerous journal and book chapters and presents at multiple conferences nationally and internationally. At this time, Dr. Wieder also has a private practice in NYC for diagnosis, treatment and consultation regarding complex developmental and mental health challenges.
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Automotive starting systems require substantial amounts of mechanical energy in a short period of time. Lead-acid batteries have historically provided that energy through a motor. Springs have been identified as an alternative energy storage medium and are well suited to engine-starting applications due to a long service life and the ability to rapidly deliver substantial mechanical power. Spring-based engine starters exist for large commercial diesel engines but are not readily available for automobiles. A conceptual spring-based engine starter has been developed at the University of Dayton, including assembly of a proof-of-concept prototype. This research continued the development of the spring-starter system, with the objective of determining whether a spring of acceptable size could provide the required torque and rotational speed to start an automobile engine. Engine testing was required to determine the torque and engine speed during cranking, followed by predicting engine response for several spring options. A 600 cm³ displacement inline 4-cylinder internal combustion engine was acquired as a scaled down approximation of an automobile engine. The starter motor was tested with a Prony brake to determine the torque produced as a function of current draw. The engine was then cranked by the starter, and current draw was measured with engine position over time. Engine torque over time was determined from current data. The polar moment of inertia of the rotating mass of the engine was found by observed data, and an equation relating engine torque, acceleration, and friction was developed to characterize the engine during cranking. This equation was used with spring design equations to build a Simulink model of predicted engine response for a spring of given stiffness and initial displacement. Results predict that the test engine could be started by a torsional spring of steel with diameter and length of approximately 6 in. This is similar in size to the electrical starting system of the engine, suggesting that a torsional spring of reasonable size is capable of starting an automobile engine. Work is still required to determine how such a spring would be mounted, rewound, and controlled in an automotive context.
Lauden, Jonathan W., "Experimental engine characterization for spring design of novel automotive starter" (2013). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 526.


text:
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Posted on 11 June 2018 16 September 2020 by Carolyn Cash
Official Photos: Princess Adrienne Christening
The Swedish Royal Palace has released three official photos to mark Princess Adrienne's Christening on Friday, 8 June 2018, at the Drottningholm Palace Chapel.
Photo: Erika Gerdemark, Kungahuset.se
Prime Minister Stefan Löfven and his wife Ulla were among the official guests including the diplomatic corps, and members of the Royal Court.
The service, conducted by Archbishop Antje Jackelén, Chief Court Chaplain Dr Johan Dalman and Rector of the Royal Court Michael Bjerkhagen, was in Swedish and English.
The Princess Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta's crown, which dates from 1778, was on display at the altar, which Princess Madeleine shares with her children Prince Nicolas and Princess Adrienne.
Princess Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta's crown dates from 1778. Photo: Henrik Garlöv, Kungahuset.se
It is used for ceremonial occasions such as christenings, weddings, coronations and funerals but visitors can see the Princess Hedvig Elisabet Charlotta's crown on display in the Treasury at the Royal Palace.
King Carl XVI Gustaf presents Princess Adrienne with the insignia and sash of the Order of the Seraphim.
At the end of the service, King Carl XVI Gustaf bestowed the Order of the Seraphim insignia with a pale blue sash upon his youngest granddaughter.
King Frederik I of Sweden created Sweden's most distinguished chivalric order, the Order of the Seraphim, on 23 February 1748.
The Order of the Seraphim was conferred on Princess Adrienne. Photo: Henrik Garlöv, Kungahuset.se
It is conferred exclusively on members of the Swedish Royal Family, foreign heads of state and others of equal rank.
After the Christening, 21-gun salutes were fired from Skeppsholmen and from the HMS Kullen outside Drottningholm Palace.
Front row: Princess Madeleine holding Princess Adrienne and Mr Christopher O'Neill.
Back row: Queen Silvia, King Carl XVI Gustaf and Eva O'Neill. Photo: Erika Gerdemark, Kungahuset.se
Princess Madeleine and Christopher O'Neill posed for photographs for the media outside Drottningholm Palace with their youngest daughter, godparents and family members.
Outside Drottningholm Palace with Princess Leonor sans shoes and sitting down.
However, their oldest daughter Princess Leonore had appeared without her shoes and even sat down during the photocall.
King Carl XVI Gustaf and Queen Silvia hosted a reception at Drottningholm Palace and a lunch for invited guests.
The Swedish Riksdag and Government gave Princess Adrienne some children's books with Swedish songs and a ukulele.
Princess Madeleine, Mr Christopher O'Neill and Princess Adrienne with godparents: Mrs Coralie Charriol Paul; Mr Nader Panahpour; Fru Natalie Werner; Miss Anouska d'Abo; Friherre Gustav Thott; Fru Charlotte Kreuger Cederlund. Photo: Erika Gerdemark, Kungahuset.se
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Posted in Royal Family, SwedenTagged 2018, 8 june, carl xvi gustaf, chris o'neill, christopher o'neill, drottningholm palace, eva o'neill, history, monarchy, news, official photos, prince nicolas, princess adrienne, princess leonore, princess madeleine, queen silvia, right royal roundup, royal baby, royal christening, sweden
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Have been erring continuously at work for the past couple of weeks.
At first it was more like a minor nuisance; it was funny and everybody laughed and everything wrong was made right again with a single stroke of sending a "correct copy" via e-mail.
Option one is out of the question these days. Very, very sad but I can´t do anything about it. Option two would be vacations, which I´m beginning to convince myself are sorely needed… but might be unwillingly postponed once again by forces beyond my control. Option three is the poor man´s idea of hitting the gym, hard: which in my case is getting back to jogging on the streets full-time.
Knees are at almost 100% now.
Turns out I got new sneakers for Christmas from some long-since forgotten (but very cute) godmother (she´s kind of hot, really!! And single!). They are silver, they are shiny, they´re the latest model of running shoes with those fancy space-age outsoles or something.
Were they golden I could´ve said I was "Wally West, the Flash, the fastest Man Alive" and all that. But naww. They do look kinda girlie.
Let´s put ´em to some use today, anyhow. Liberace´s gonna eat my dust: "Look at the little f------ go!," they´re gonna say as I pass them by.


text:
Intrapulmonary Concentrations of Pyrazinamide
John E. Conte, Jr., Jeffrey A. Golden, Sheila Duncan, Elaine McKenna, Elisabeth Zurlinden
John E. Conte
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics 1 and Department of Medicine, 2 University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0208
Jeffrey A. Golden
Department of Medicine, 2 University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0208
Sheila Duncan
Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics 1 and
Elaine McKenna
Elisabeth Zurlinden
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.43.6.1329
The objective of this study was to compare the steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations of orally administered pyrazinamide in normal volunteers and subjects with AIDS. Pyrazinamide was administered at 1 g once daily for 5 days to 40 adult volunteers (10 men with AIDS, 10 normal men, 10 women with AIDS, and 10 normal women). Subjects with AIDS and with more than four stools per day were excluded. Blood was obtained prior to administration of the first dose, 2 h after the last dose, and at the completion of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage, which were performed 4 h after the last dose. Standardized bronchoscopy was performed without systemic sedation. The volume of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) recovered was calculated by the urea dilution method. The total number of alveolar cells (AC) was counted in a hemocytometer, and differential cell counting was performed after cytocentrifugation. Pyrazinamide was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of AIDS or gender had no significant effect on the concentrations of pyrazinamide in plasma. The concentrations of pyrazinamide in ELF and AC were lower in the subjects with AIDS than in the subjects without AIDS, but the difference was not significant. The concentrations in plasma (mean ± standard deviation) were 25.1 ± 7.6 and 21.1 ± 6.8 μg/ml at 2 and 4 h after the last dose, respectively, and were not significantly different from the concentration (17.4 ± 16.9 μg/ml) in AC. The concentration of pyrazinamide in ELF was high (431 ± 220 μg/ml) and was approximately 4 to 40 times the reported MIC for pyrazinamide-susceptible strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The high concentration of pyrazinamide in ELF may contribute in part to the effectiveness of the drug in treating pulmonary tuberculosis.
Pyrazinamide is an essential drug in the treatment of tuberculosis. Its use in combined antituberculosis drug regimens allows the shortening of the treatment duration from 9 months to 6 months. Elimination half-lives in humans have been reported to be in the range of 7 to 10 h (2, 10, 17, 19) and 23 h (6), providing a pharmacokinetic rationale for once-daily dose administration. Peak concentrations in plasma occur at 2 h postdosing and have been reported to be in the range of 29 to 50 μg/ml following single oral doses of 20 to 35 mg/kg of body weight (2, 6, 17, 19) and 37 to 42 μg/ml after multiple oral doses of 24 to 32 mg of a fixed triple-drug combination of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide per kg (2). Several authors in the United States have reported that the absorption of antimycobacterial agents is impaired in patients with AIDS (7, 15,20, 21, 23), but this effect was not demonstrated in a study of patients with tuberculosis and AIDS in Kenya (10).
Pyrazinamide is active against tubercle bacilli that are growing within macrophages (8, 14, 24). Intracellular drug concentrations within cultured mouse macrophages depend on extracellular drug concentrations and the time of contact (1). Whether pyrazinamide penetrates pulmonary macrophages or epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in vivo in humans has not been previously reported.
We (11-13) and others (3-5) have developed techniques for the measurement in vivo of the concentrations of drugs in pulmonary ELF and alveolar cells (AC). The purpose of this study was to compare the steady-state plasma and intrapulmonary concentrations of pyrazinamide in normal volunteers and men and women with AIDS.
Study design and subjects.The investigation was a prospective, nonblind, controlled comparison of the effects of gender and AIDS on the concentrations of pyrazinamide in plasma, AC, and ELF. After giving informed consent, subjects provided a medical history and underwent a physical examination, a purified protein derivative skin test, and baseline laboratory testing, including complete blood count, platelet count, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. Normal subjects were required to be at least 18 years old and within 10% of acceptable weight for height according to Metropolitan Life Foundation height and weight tables (27). Women were required to be nonlactating and not pregnant. Subjects were excluded if they had a history of asthma requiring daily therapy, tuberculosis, or a positive skin test (greater than 5 mm induration at 48 to 72 h); had intolerance of pyrazinamide or lidocaine; had clinically significant organ dysfunction; took medications other than self-prescribed vitamins, birth control pills, or thyroid replacement therapy on an ongoing basis; or had abnormal serum creatinine or other screening laboratory values outside the normal range (greater than twice normal for subjects with AIDS). Patients with AIDS were required to meet the revised Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS (9) and to have (i) fewer than four soft stools per day without hematochezia, (ii) no abdominal pain or cramping, (iii) no nausea or vomiting, and (iv) a negative chest X-ray within 2 weeks of enrollment. If an x-ray had not been done, it was performed as part of the study. Six of the 20 subjects with AIDS (2 men and 4 women) were receiving a regimen containing zidovudine as part of their medical care. When the preenrollment evaluation was completed, 40 subjects were assigned to one of four comparative groups: normal men, normal women, men with AIDS, and women with AIDS.
Pyrazinamide was administered orally in a once-daily dose of 1 g for a total of 5 days. The first and last doses of study medication were administered under direct supervision in the General Clinical Research Center at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Subjects were observed for 30 min after the first dose for adverse effects. Subsequent doses were taken according to verbal and written instructions and documented in writing by the subjects.
Bronchoscopy and BAL.Standardized bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (11-13) were performed 4 h after the administration of the last dose. The subjects' blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and heart rate were recorded prior to, at the completion of, and at 30 and 60 min following the procedure. Fingertip oximetry was monitored throughout the procedure.
Subjects were prepared with a 4% topical lidocaine gargle followed by a 4% topical lidocaine spray. Pledgets soaked with 4% topical lidocaine were then applied to each side of the posterior pharynx, followed by the application of topical 1% lidocaine more distally. No systemic sedation was used. A fiberoptic bronchoscope (Pentax FB-19H) was inserted into the right middle lobe. The instrument was in place for approximately 5 to 7 min.
A total of four 50-ml aliquots of normal saline were instilled into the right middle lobe, and each was immediately aspirated into a trap. The specimens were kept on ice until they were frozen. The first aspirate was discarded. The second, third, and fourth aspirates were pooled (pooled BAL). The volume of the pooled BAL was measured and recorded. Measured aliquots of the pooled BAL were sent to the clinical laboratory at UCSF for cell counts and differential analysis. A known volume of the pooled BAL was immediately spun at 400 × g for 5 min in a refrigerated centrifuge. The supernatant and the cells were separated and frozen at −70°C until assay. A small aliquot of the supernatant was frozen separately for the urea assay.
Specimen processing.Blood samples were kept on ice until centrifuged. The plasma was separated and then frozen until assay. The cells were resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) to a 10-fold concentration of the BAL fluid, and the suspension was centrifuged to produce the cell pellet. The cell pellet was sonicated for 2 min with a model 550 Sonic Dismembrator (Fisher Scientific, Santa Clara, Calif.).
Pyrazinamide assay.Pyrazinamide was measured in plasma, BAL fluid, and AC by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Chromatography was performed at room temperature. Analyses were performed with a Shimadzu (Columbia, Md.) LC-10AD solvent delivery system, a Waters (Milford, Mass.) model 717 Plus Autosampler, and a Perkin-Elmer (Norwalk, Conn.) ABI Spectroflow 783 absorbance detector set at 268 nm and with a sensitivity of 0.02 absorbance unit full scale for plasma and a sensitivity of 0.002 absorbance unit full scale for BAL fluid. The mobile phase consisted of 2.0% acetonitrile in 0.02 M KH2PO4, adjusted to pH 2.6 with phosphoric acid, degassed through a Millipore filter (0.22-μm-pore size), and recycled. It was pumped through a 5-μm Axxiom (Richard Scientific, Novato, Calif.) octadecylsilane column (4.6 mm by 25 cm) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Chromatograms were integrated on a Shimadzu Chromatopac CR601. The retention times for pyrazinamide and acetazolamide, the internal standard, were 8.4 min and 17.0 min, respectively. PBS was the matrix used for standards and controls against which BAL supernatants and AC were measured. Plasma, BAL supernatant, and AC samples were run for 45 min to avoid late peaks that interfered with the next injection. PBS standards were run for 33 min.
The mean coefficients of variation for all plasma and BAL fluid assays were 5.81% (range, 2.83 to 10.41%) and 2.31% (range, 1.58 to 3.56%), respectively. For both plasma and BAL fluid, there were no significant differences among the means (for each concentration) in intra- and interday precision assessments (P, >0.05; Student's t test). The mean recoveries of the assay for all determinations with plasma and BAL fluid were 101.3% (range, 95.3 to 108.9%) and 103.1% (range, 100 to 105.6%), respectively. The accuracy ranges for all determinations with plasma and BAL fluid were −4.68 to 8.87% and 0 to 5.6%, respectively. The sensitivities of the assay with plasma and BAL fluid were 0.5 and .005 μg/ml, respectively. The standard curves were prepared with pyrazinamide concentrations of 0.5 to 80 μg/ml in plasma and 0.005 to 0.5 μg/ml in PBS. Weekly determinations of pyrazinamide concentrations in spiked plasma and PBS stored at −70°C revealed no significant degradation of the drug. Spiked PBS controls that were stored frozen were reanalyzed after 1 year and also revealed no significant decrease in drug concentrations.
Quantitation of the volume of ELF and concentrations of antibiotics in ELF and AC.The amount of ELF recovered was calculated by the urea dilution method (22). The concentration of urea in serum was analyzed by the clinical laboratory at UCSF by use of a coupled urease-glutamate dehydrogenase enzymatic method (28) modified by Boehringer Mannheim Corporation (Indianapolis, Ind.). Measurements were made at a fixed time interval, permitting automated analysis with a BM 747 analyzer (Boehringer). Urea in BAL supernatants was measured by use of a modified enzymatic assay (BUN kit UV-66; Sigma, St. Louis, Mo.) as previously reported (11,12, 22). Controls were included with every run, and if the results were not within 10% of the known value, the standard curve, control, and specimen assays were repeated.
The volume of ELF in BAL fluid was derived from the following relationship:VELF=VBAL×(UreaBAL/UreaSER) where V ELF is the volume of ELF sampled by the BAL procedure, V BAL is the volume of aspirated BAL fluid, UreaBAL is the concentration of urea in BAL fluid, and UreaSER is the concentration of urea in serum.
The concentration of antibiotic in ELF (ABXELF) was derived from the following relationship:ABXELF=ABXBAL×(VBAL/VELF) where ABXBAL is the measured concentration of antibiotic in BAL fluid.
The volume of AC collected in the pellet suspension was determined from the cell counts determined for the BAL fluid. Cells were counted in a hemocytometer with a lower detection limit of 1.0 × 106/liter. The calculated number of cells in 1.0 ml of pellet suspension was determined to be equal to the number of cells per liter of BAL fluid divided by 100. It has been noted, however, that centrifugation causes an average loss of 21% of cells, so that the actual number of cells recovered may be lower than the number counted and the actual antibiotic concentration may be proportionately lower than that calculated (29). Differential cell counting was performed after the specimen was spun in a cytocentrifuge. The volume of AC collected in the pellet suspension was determined by use of a mean macrophage cell volume of 2.42 μl/106 cells (3).
The concentration of antibiotic in AC (ABXAC) was calculated from the following relationship:ABXAC=(ABXPELLET/VAC) where ABXPELLET is the antibiotic concentration in a 1-ml cell suspension and V AC is the volume of AC in a 1-ml cell suspension.
Statistical analysis.Database management was performed with a Sun 10 Sparcstation (Sun Microsystems, Milpitas, Calif.). PROPHET (version 5.0) (Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., and Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Cambridge, Mass.) (18) was used to compute descriptive statistics, sample sizes, and power curves and to perform the linear regression analyses. Analysis of variance with a two-factor factorial model was used to assess the effects of gender and AIDS status on subject physical characteristics, clinical laboratory values, drug dosage, drug concentrations, AC recovery, ELF recovery, and AC/plasma and ELF/plasma ratios. After data for men and women were grouped, the pyrazinamide concentrations in ELF and AC were compared for subjects with and without AIDS by use of a one-way analysis of variance. Power curves were also calculated for these comparisons. The two-sample equal-variance t test (two sided) was used to compare AC and ELF recoveries and drug concentrations in plasma, AC, and ELF between the groups of women with AIDS who were smokers and nonsmokers. The equality of variances for the smoking and nonsmoking groups was calculated with the F test (Levene's test). The two-sample Mann-Whitney rank sum test (two sided) was used to compare the CD4 counts in men and women and to compare the serum creatinine determinations between normal subjects and men or women with AIDS. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the distributions of the data sets prior to comparisons. A Pvalue of <0.05 was regarded as significant.
Ten men with AIDS, 10 men without AIDS, 10 women with AIDS, and 10 women without AIDS were enrolled. Because a fixed daily dose of pyrazinamide was used (1 g), the weight-corrected dose (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) was 17% higher for the 20 women (16.1 ± 2.5 mg/kg) than for the 20 men (13.8 ± 2.9 mg/kg) (P, 0.008). The age (mean ± SD) of the 40 volunteers was 36.6 ± 8 years. The subjects with AIDS were older than the subjects without AIDS (41.3 ± 4.5 versus 31.9 ± 8 years) when the four groups were compared (P, ≤0.00001). The CD4 counts (mean ± SD) for the 10 men and 10 women with AIDS were 234 ± 153 and 238 ± 139, respectively, and were not significantly different (P, >0.05). All of the serum creatinine determinations were within normal limits; however, the values (mean ± SD) were significantly higher in men with AIDS (1.09 ± 0.25 mg/dl) than in the normal men (0.87 ± 0.14 mg/dl) (P, <0.05). The serum creatinine determinations were not significantly different when the women with AIDS (0.85 ± 0.2 mg/dl) were compared to the normal women (0.84 ± 0.1 mg/dl) (P, > 0.05). Five of the 10 female subjects with AIDS were cigarette smokers; the remainder of the subjects were nonsmokers.
All 40 subjects recruited for the study successfully underwent bronchoscopy and BAL. There were no major adverse events, and all of the subjects returned to their normal duties. One subject experienced transient chest discomfort after bronchoscopy that subsided spontaneously. The temperature was transiently elevated in eight subjects.
The number (mean ± SD) of AC recovered from BAL fluid in all 40 subjects was 2.1 × 108 ± 1.6 × 108cells/liter; AC recovery was greater in men and women with AIDS than in the normal subjects (P, 0.0002) (Table1). Although cell recovery was threefold greater in the smoking than in the nonsmoking women with AIDS, the difference was not significant (P, 0.6). The majority of the cells in both groups (with and without AIDS) were in the monocyte/macrophage class (Table 1). The increased total AC count in AIDS subjects could not be accounted for by any particular cell type. The percentages of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes/macrophages were the same in both groups for each cell type (P, >0.05). The volume (mean ± SD) of ELF recovered from the 40 subjects was 0.9 ± 0.5 ml and was not significantly different when the four groups were compared (P, >0.05) or when smoking versus nonsmoking women with AIDS were compared (P, 0.48).
Recovery of cells from BAL fluid from 40 subjects according to gender and AIDS status
The presence of AIDS had no effect on plasma pyrazinamide concentrations in men or women at 2 or 4 h (Table2). Plasma pyrazinamide concentrations (mean ± SD) were higher at 2 h (25.1 ± 7.6 μg/ml) than at 4 h (21.1 ± 6.8 μg/ml) following the last dose when the two time periods were compared for all 40 subjects (P , <0.05). Plasma drug concentrations were also higher when all 20 women were compared with all 20 men at 2 h (28.4 ± 7.8 versus 21.8 ± 5.9 μg/ml; P, <0.05) and at 4 h (24.0 ± 6.4 versus 18.2 ± 5.9 μg/ml; P, <0.05). This result was not unexpected, since the fixed dose used in this study, 1 g daily for 5 days, represented a 17% higher weight-adjusted dose for women than for men. There was also an inverse relationship when the weights of all 40 subjects were correlated with the plasma drug concentrations at 2 h (R, −0.53; P, 0.0004) and at 4 h (R, −0.55; P, 0.0002). The weights of the subjects, however, were not correlated with AC (R, −0.20; P, 0.2) or ELF (R, −0.06; P, 0.7) drug concentrations.
Pyrazinamide concentrations in plasma, ELF, and AC
When smoking women with AIDS were compared to nonsmoking women with AIDS, plasma drug concentrations (mean ± SD) at 2 h (30.3 ± 10.6 versus 26.7 ± 10.9 μg/ml) and at 4 h (28.1 ± 5.9 versus 21.9 ± 7.5 μg/ml) were not significantly different (P, > 0.05). When women with AIDS who were receiving zidovudine were compared to women with AIDS who were not receiving zidovudine, the plasma pyrazinamide concentrations at 1 h (35.4 ± 5.3 versus 23.9 ± 10.6 μg/ml) and at 4 h (30.1 ± 4.2 versus 21.6 ± 6.7 μg/ml) were not significantly different. CD4 counts in the 20 human immunodeficiency virus-positive subjects were not correlated with the concentrations of pyrazinamide in plasma at 2 h (R, 0.1; P, 0.5) or 4 h (R, 0.08; P, .7) or in AC (R, 0.3; P, 0.2) or ELF (R, 0.2; P, 0.3).
In men and women with AIDS, the AC pyrazinamide concentrations were approximately 50% those observed in the subjects without AIDS, but the difference was statistically significant (P, 0.09) (Table2). When the male and female data were grouped to create a larger sample size (n = 20 in each group), the difference between subjects with and without AIDS was still not significant (P, 0.08). The power curve indicated that the two-sidedt test would only be able to detect a difference in the observed mean ± SD (12.8 ± 12.9 μg/ml in subjects with AIDS versus 22.0 ± 19.3 μg/ml in subjects without AIDS) as significant (P, < 0.05) with a power of 40%. Therefore, the variability of the AC pyrazinamide concentrations would require larger sample sizes (approximately 50 subjects in each combined male-female group) to detect the observed difference as significant (P, < 0.05) with a greater certainty (power of 80%). The AC pyrazinamide concentration/plasma pyrazinamide concentration ratios (mean ± SD) were 0.68 ± 0.6 and 0.83 ± 0.7 when the 2- and 4-h plasma drug concentrations were used for the calculations, respectively. AC pyrazinamide concentrations (mean ± SD) in smoking (19.2 ± 21.2 μg/ml) and nonsmoking (7.4 ± 3.8 μg/ml) women with AIDS were not significantly different (P, >0.05).
Pyrazinamide was highly concentrated in ELF (Table 2). As with the AC pyrazinamide concentrations, the ELF pyrazinamide concentrations were lower in the subjects with AIDS than in the subjects without AIDS, but the difference was not statistically significant (P, 0.10). When the male and female data were grouped to create a larger sample size (n = 20 in each group), the difference between subjects with and without AIDS was still not significant (P, 0.10). The power curve indicated that the two-sided ttest would only be able to detect a difference in the observed mean ± SD (373.2 ± 181.5 μg/ml in subjects with AIDS versus 489.2 ± 243.9 μg/ml in subjects without AIDS) as significant (P, <0.05) with a power of 40%. As with the AC pyrazinamide concentration data, the variability of the data would require larger sample sizes (approximately 55 subjects in each combined male-female group) to detect the observed difference as significant (P, < 0.05) with a greater certainly (power of 80%). For all 40 subjects, the ELF pyrazinamide concentration/plasma pyrazinamide concentration ratios (mean ± SD) at 2 and 4 h were 17.8 ± 8.4 and 22.0 ± 11.8, respectively. ELF pyrazinamide concentrations (mean ± SD) in smoking (311 ± 203 μg/ml) and nonsmoking (379 ± 138 μg/ml) women with AIDS were not significantly different (P, >0.05).
MICs for sensitive strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tested with the BACTEC system have been reported to be in the range of <6.2 to 50 μg/ml or 25 to 400 μg/ml when tested at pH 5.5 or pH 5.95, respectively (25). A bimodal distribution of sensitive and resistant strains tested with the BACTEC system at pH 6.0 has suggested a breakpoint of 100 μg/ml to indicate susceptibility (26). For clinical purposes, the recommended breakpoints for susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant strains are <100, 300, 900, and >900 μg/ml, respectively (16).
We have demonstrated that the absorption of pyrazinamide is not affected by gender or by the presence of AIDS, as defined in our subjects. Plasma drug concentrations were higher in women than in men in this study, but the difference is explainable by the higher weight-adjusted dose received by the women. In all subjects, plasma drug concentrations at 2 h were significantly higher than those at 4 h, consistent with previous reports that have described the kinetics of pyrazinamide in plasma (17, 19). It is of some concern that the plasma and intracellular drug concentrations achieved in this study, even allowing for the low dose used, would be at or below the MICs that have been reported for many pyrazinamide-susceptible strains of M. tuberculosis. While the clinical significance of this finding is unknown, the observation suggests the possibility that marginal increases in the MIC for the organism may translate to in vivo resistance to pyrazinamide therapy. The optimum dose of pyrazinamide in relation to the MIC for the organism has not been determined. The relationship between the MIC of pyrazinamide for M. tuberculosis and drug effectiveness requires further investigation.
We have also shown that pyrazinamide penetrates AC at concentrations that are not significantly different from concentrations in plasma. It is of interest that the pyrazinamide concentrations in AC and ELF were not higher in the women, as were the concentrations in plasma, and were not negatively correlated with the weight of the subjects. The mechanism for this finding is unknown, but the observation suggests that the AC and ELF drug concentrations were determined by factors other than the size of the patient. The dose of pyrazinamide used in this pharmacokinetic study (1 g daily) was intentionally lower than that recommended for clinical purposes (20 to 25 mg/kg/day) in order to avoid toxicity in volunteer subjects.
The high concentration of pyrazinamide in ELF was an unexpected finding. ELF drug concentration/plasma drug concentration ratios were approximately 20:1. Based upon the reported range of MICs of pyrazinamide for M. tuberculosis (25, 26), this finding would indicate that considerable antituberculosis activity resides in ELF. For example, for an organism for which the MIC is 20 μg/ml, inhibitory ratios of 15:1 to 25:1 would be present in ELF.
The physiological basis for the differential penetration of pyrazinamide into ELF is unknown. Further, the in vivo effect of high ELF concentrations on antimicrobial activity and the clinical significance of plasma, AC, or ELF pyrazinamide concentrations are not known. In general, high inhibitory or killing ratios are viewed as favorable in the treatment of infectious diseases. It is likely that the high intrapulmonary drug concentrations observed in this study are in part responsible for the effectiveness of pyrazinamide in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.
We were unable to demonstrate a difference in plasma, AC, or ELF drug concentrations in smoking versus nonsmoking women with AIDS or an effect of gender or AIDS on drug concentrations in ELF or AC. However, the concentrations of pyrazinamide in AC and ELF were lower in subjects with AIDS than in those without AIDS. Because of the interpatient variability of the data, the power of this study to detect a significant difference was low, and investigation of a larger group of subjects might detect such a difference. The clinical significance of lower AC and ELF pyrazinamide concentrations in subjects with AIDS is unknown and merits further investigation.
We were also unable to confirm the potential drug interaction between zidovudine and pyrazinamide described in an earlier study (21). Plasma pyrazinamide concentrations in women receiving zidovudine were not significantly different from those in women who were not receiving zidovudine. The study was not designed to detect interactions among the many other drugs taken by our AIDS patients and pyrazinamide.
This work was carried out with funds provided by NIH grant AI36054 and with funds provided by NIH grant MO1RR00079 (to the General Clinical Research Center at UCSF).
We thank Charles L. Daley for his assistance, Margareta Andersson for performing the assays, and Belinda Biggs and Eve Benton for manuscript preparation.
Accepted 11 March 1999.
Copyright © 1999 American Society for Microbiology
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You are going to email the following Intrapulmonary Concentrations of Pyrazinamide


I had the English keyboard up, this works fine with the Arabic keyboard!
JoeWalsh reopened this task as Open.
JoeWalsh moved this task from Tasks from Product Backlog to Needs Code Review on the iOS-app-v5.7.0-Corgi-On-A-Surfboard board.
@JoeWalsh thanks for re-opening this! Can't believe I missed the backwards cells!
Looks to me. I was wondering if the same logic should apply the search view and list view in places? The images/icons on those views are currently on the right. @cmadeo, What do you think?
@ABorbaWMF, good catch! @JoeWalsh how hard would it be to have this logic apply to the list view in Places?
JMinor added a project: ios-app-v5.7.1-Corgi-On-Nothing.
Moving to 5.7.1 to discuss Places.
The issue I'm seeing with places is that when there's a device language/wiki language mismatch, the cells always respect the device language. For example, the cells are RTL for Hebrew Wikipedia on a Hebrew device, but LTR for Hebrew Wikipedia on an English device.
I tried setting the cells' semanticContentAttribute but the problem persisted. Might be a more involved workaround.


An integrated creative agency going through an exciting re-brand needs a confident Senior Account Manager to manage a vast portfolio of marketing campaigns from start to finish. You will be developing brand and marketing strategies across digital, print, OOH, retail,TV & Radio; variety is key here.
Experience in creative marketing project is an absolute MUST, ideally from client-side. You understand marketing models, can build and activate 12 months plans, strategy and customer journey. You'll have a business acumen and can grow accounts throughout channels.
You take confidence in your work, are driven by strategy and proactively nurturing relationships with clients.
Whilst relevant experience is important, so is culture and the right type of person to vibe with the team. You are perceptive, love what you do and know how to have fun. More importantly you are excited to be part of the re-brand proposition and willing to naturally contribute to the vibrant young culture.
P.S your manager is possibly one of the most talented, strategic and nicest suits in town.
If this sounds like you, email your CV to Sara at info@becomemelbourne.com.au or call 8373 9600 for more info.
SAL: $75,000 - $85,000 incl.


There's nothing better than jetting off to an event knowing that your hair is looking totally on point. That said, it's not always easy to think of creative styles that are actually easy to master and pull off IRL. Meet this tiny braid 'do. It's an elevated half up, half down look even better than the new top knot trend that adds fullness, texture and easy, enviable style to your hair. Get ready to kill it in five minutes flat.
Start this look by creating a ton of volume. Lift the hair on your crown and then set it in place with hairpins that are placed both horizontally and vertically.
Then, take a small section of hair from the middle and begin forming a three-strand French braid like Casey is doing here.
Now, thicken that braid up! Pancake your strands (by tugging on them) to add dimension and fullness to your tiny braid. You can either secure your braid with an elastic band or tease the ends of your hair so that the texture acts as a way to keep it in place.
It's time to focus on the sides of your hair now. Create waterfall braids on the left and right sides of your head by styling a traditional French braid, but drop every third lower strand (the strand that's closest to your ends). FYI, this is an insider trick for keeping volume intact when you wear your hair half up or half down.
Repeat another French braid at the back of your head to make this style really eye catching and increase fullness even more. Finally, pin your left and right waterfall braids to the back of your head.
Bam! You're rocking fly, teeny-tiny braids that are perfect for a shindig any day of the week.
Tag us on Instagram @britandco in your favorite snaps of braids!


text:
• A 48-megawatt, 300,000-square-foot nuclear Bitcoin mining center has been completed in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania.
• The center is owned and operated by Talen Energy, an independent power producer, and its subsidiary Cumulus Data.
• The center is expected to offer zero-carbon Bitcoin mining with the aim of reducing carbon emissions and providing sustainable electricity to its customers.
A revolutionary new nuclear Bitcoin mining center has just been completed in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. This center, owned and operated by Talen Energy, an independent power producer, and its subsidiary Cumulus Data, is set to revolutionize the way Bitcoin mining is done. Spanning 300,000 square feet, the center is capable of producing 48 megawatts of energy and is expected to open up to the market this year.
The center is built next to the Susquehanna power plant and is expected to offer zero-carbon Bitcoin mining with the aim of reducing carbon emissions and providing sustainable electricity to its customers. Talen Energy's CEO, Alex Hernandez, spoke about the data center and its underlying plans to tackle some of the existing limitations in crypto mining. Hernandez said that the center will open up to the market this year, with part of its mission including the reduction of carbon emissions and provision of sustainable electricity for its customer base.
The center is also expected to house Bitcoin mining-related activities and cloud computing activities once operations kick-off. Talen Energy has also been affiliated with the Cryptocurrency mining company TeraWulf, and in 2021, the two companies announced a zero-carbon mining joint enterprise. The enterprise, named Nautilus Cryptomine, was made to develop as much as 300 megawatts of zero-carbon Bitcoin mining capacity.
At this time, the center is still undergoing testing and is expected to open to the public sometime this year. Once the center is fully operational, it is expected to provide a safe and efficient way for miners to extract Bitcoin and other digital currencies. With the help of Talen Energy and its zero-carbon mining methods, the center is also expected to be beneficial to the environment by reducing carbon emissions and providing sustainable electricity to its customers.
While the completion of the Susquehanna data center is good news for the Bitcoin mining industry, it is also an exciting prospect for the environment. With Talen Energy's zero-carbon mining methods and its efforts to reduce carbon emissions, the center is sure to make a positive contribution to both the industry and the environment.
Autor adminVeröffentlicht am 25. Januar 2023 Kategorien Allgemein
Zurück Vorheriger Beitrag: $1 Billion Venture Fund Launched to Accelerate Blockchain Adoption


The light bulb icon in the SIMPLEconnect WiFi app allows you to turn the fan's light on and off. On the side you'll see an icon that says "Dim." Selecting this button reveals the dimming slider, allowing you to make a light level selection. The light level is indicated by the number of green bars.


Poor Baby G!! And a 'Tsk Tsk Tsk' to Student Z. Another case of Baby G being bitten.
According to the note written in the notebook, none of the teachers realised he was bitten until he came sobbing to them & told them what happened. As no one saw anything, they were not sure if it was Student Z again. I asked Baby G who bit him and Baby G told me it was Student Z.
The next morning when I dropped him off at school, I happened to meet Student Z & his dad and the funny thing was another girl student, MT came up to Baby G & Student Z and said the words "Student Z bite Baby G". After hearing this, I was even more convinced that Baby G was telling the truth. The dad either did not hear what MT said or just simply ignored it. In his haste to leave, he left his car keys on the table. So I called out to him that he forgot his keys. He turned back, said "oh"... took his keys & walked off without looking at me. What a rude fellow!! Totally no basic sense of courtesy whatsoever! Not even a simple 'thank you'. Hmmmm.... is it a case of "Like Father.. Like Son"?
I called the Centre Manager to further discuss on the biting issue and as usual, the same "promises" were given. I also checked if Baby G was the only one that Student Z bites and she admitted that he has bitten other kids too. I asked her if she has talked to his parents about all these incidents but I felt that she did not give a very convincing reply.
On a separate note, I also called MCYS to see what things can be done to improve the situation. I'm still waiting for the officer to call me for a discussion.
Poor Baby G has quite a few "scars" on him now. Although all the bites eventually heal; for some of them, can still see the faint markings of the bites.
--> Courtesy of the dreaded Student Z!!!
Poor Baby G... sob sob.
This is really so ridiculous and outrages! probably that student Z has some "anger-control" issues and needs to be treated so Im really hope the school actually talked to his parents abt it and realised how serious and dangerous his act is. Proper actions or precautious measures need to be in placed else the victims will always be Baby G, and who knows, some day, his ear might get bitten off and suffered in long-term. The father of his shld at least be apologetic..
U might want to print some photos of the scars and show his parents!
Good idea. I might print out all the photos and keep them.... just in case it's required for evidence. Then can at least show the teachers just how often the incidents are.


text:
No Hope for Heaven, No Fear of Hell
Tom Horn in Life and Legend
Thirteen Loops
Ripperology
Beat Cop to Top Cop
Texas Devils
The McLaurys in Tombstone, Arizona
Hip to the Trip
High Noon in Lincoln
Valley of the Guns
Feuds
Bad Company and Burnt Powder
Justice and Injustice in the Old Southwest
Bob Alexander
Narrated by John Burlinson
Book published by University of North Texas Press
Bad Company and Burnt Powder is a collection of twelve stories of when things turned "Western" in the nineteenth-century Southwest. Each chapter deals with a different character or episode in the Wild West involving various lawmen, Texas Rangers, outlaws, feudists, vigilantes, lawyers, and judges. Covered herein are the stories of Cal Aten, John Hittson, the Millican boys, Gid Taylor and Jim and Tom Murphy, Alf Rushing, Bob Meldrum and Noah Wilkerson, P. C. Baird, Gus Chenowth, Jim Dunaway, John Kinney, Elbert Hanks and Boyd White, and Eddie Aten.
Within these pages the reader will meet a nineteen-year-old Texas Ranger figuratively dying to shoot his gun. He does get to shoot at people, but soon realizes what he thought was a bargain exacted a steep price. Another tale is of an old-school cowman who shut down illicit traffic in stolen livestock that had existed for years on the Llano Estacado. He was tough, salty, and had no quarter for cow-thieves or sympathy for any mealy-mouthed politicians. He cleaned house, maybe not too nicely, but unarguably successful he was. Then there is the tale of an accomplished and unbeaten fugitive, well known and identified for murder of a Texas peace officer. But the Texas Rangers couldn't find him. County sheriffs wouldn't hold him. Slipping away from bounty hunters, he hit Owlhoot Trail.
Bob Alexander began a policing career in 1965 and retired as a special agent with the U.S. Treasury Department. He taught criminal justice courses while actively pursuing his interests in writing western nonfiction. He is the author of numerous books, among them Fearless Dave Allison, Border Lawman; Desert Desperadoes: The Banditti of Southwestern New Mexico; and Lawmen, Outlaws, and SOBs, all winners of the Best Book Award from the Western Outlaw/Lawman History Association.
"Bob Alexander is at his best, relating lawman/outlaw tales in his breezy, colloquial style. Bob's focus is on the outlaws and lawmen unfamiliar to most readers, although they seem as courageous and quick-triggered as many gunmen who are far better known. Scattered throughout the manuscript are such notables as Wes Hardin, Jim Miller, Bob Meldrum, Frank Hamer, and others who offer connections to a more familiar West. Alexander's book is artfully done, filled with action and adventure."
—Bill O'Neal, State Historian of Texas and author of The Johnson-Sims Feud


text:
Q: Overlapping shortcut keys in Manjaro I have set the windows key to open the start menu and many different combinations with the windows key for different things such as win+T for opening terminal, win+E for opening file explorer. The issue is that whenever I use windows key for other such combination, the start menu always gets open.
For example: win+T opens terminal and start menu, win+E opens file explorer and start menu again simultaneously.
How to remove this?
Edit: I don't want to change the shortcut keys, I know how to do that. I just don't want the key1 [+key2] individual shortcuts to execute when I'm pressing key1+key2+key3

A: Keyboard Shortcuts in XFCE
In your panel, Applications -> Settings -> Keyboard.
Open the Application Shortcuts Tab.

Look for the the Super(Windows) + T key combination.
You can double click to edit it to something else or browse through to see if there are any duplicates.
Also make sure your holding down on the windows key while your simultaneously pushing the T.
For Gnome or others
Go to Settings.

Click on Devices located at the bottom of the Settings app.

click on Keyboard.

The right pane displays all the keyboard shortcuts that exist in your system.
Double-click on the Home folder then press the Super key (Windows key) and E together. You should see it getting assigned immediately. Click Set and close the settings app.

That should take care of it.
Other useful resources:
X keyboard extension
Xorg/Keyboard configuration
Extra keyboard keys

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Did you know your bin is a breeding ground for bacteria?
Tuberculosis and Weils disease from rats are linked to refuse & waste material. Salmonella, E Coli and Listeria are just a few examples of health hazards that are stored in and around your bin.
Does your bin smell fresh and clean? Clean and Green offer a monthly domestic wheelie bin cleaning service. Using our bio-degradable products we will kill 99.9% of all known germs to leave your bin clean, disinfected and deodorized thereby maintaining the highest standard of hygiene and cleanliness all at an affordable cost.


It's your chance to win $5,000 MSRP of Universal dining room furniture? by entering in the Universal Furniture $5,000 Dining Room Giveaway at Universalfurniture.com/5kdiningroomgiveaway page. To enter Universal Furniture Giveaway, candidates needs to visit online entry page and follow instruction to complete and submit your entry.
Eligibility: The Universalfurniture.com Giveaway is open to legal residents of the United States, District of Columbia, who are 18 years of age or older.
Duration: The Universal Furniture 5K Dining Room Giveaway begins at 12:00:00 a.m. Eastern Time (ET) on Friday, October 12, 2018 and ends at 11:59:59 a.m. (ET) on Monday, November 12, 2018.
(1) Grand Prize: $5,000 MSRP of Universal dining room furniture.


A seasoned writer and professional photographer, Chris reviews cameras, headphones, smartphones, laptops, and lenses. Educated in Political Science and Linguistics, Chris can often be found building a robot army, snowboarding, or getting ink.
May 05, 2016 – The new S9900 offers a fair amount of features in a modest travel zoom. But some may balk at the price.
April 22, 2016 – Nikon's entry-level, auto-only point and shoot brings back the AA battery.
April 18, 2016 – The new Canon APS-C DSLR is here, and the EOS 80D offers more features for videographers than before.
April 05, 2016 – Panasonic offers a new mirrorless packed to the gills with 4K features, but low on cost.
April 05, 2016 – Panasonic's latest camera is one of the best values around.
Is Sony's New RX10 III the Best Point-and-Shoot Ever?
March 29, 2016 – Sony takes the wraps off of the stunning new Cyber-shot RX10 III.
March 29, 2016 – Assimilate these accessories for maximum smartphone enjoyment.
What Are Chromebooks Good For?
March 15, 2016 – Sony announced these saccharine sweet headphones at CES 2016.
March 10, 2016 – Canon rounds out the EOS Rebel family with the new T6.
March 03, 2016 – Successor to Audio Technica's legendary ATH-M50 over-ear headphones, the ATH-M50x builds on solid ground.


Three U.S. companies have combined efforts to deliver a microgrid capable of integrating nine different distributed generation (DG) sources to optimize renewable generation and storage utilization and deliver reliable power. S&C Electric Company, Schneider Electric and transmission and distribution company Oncor have partnered to deliver the project.
Four interconnected microgrids have been integrated with two solar PV arrays, a propane microturbine, five generators and two energy storage units on the Oncor project. The system is managed in a Microgrid and Technology Demonstration and Education Center, in Lancaster, Texas.
The companies say the microgrids can operate independently or as one larger microgrid. The project was unveiled today and will be on display to attendees of the Third National Microgrids Conference being held next week in Dallas, Texas. The market for microgrids has been forecast to takeoff in 2015.
The microgrid has been designed to operate as autonomously as possible. S&C has deployed a range of grid intelligence and communication technologies on the project including its IntelliRupter PulseCloser technology, which can detect an interruption in power supply on the grid and can then island it. S&C's Scada-Mate CX Switeches and Vista underground distribution switchgear can then reconfigure the distribution system to alternative DG sources to maintain supply.
The 200 kW in on-grid storage plays a central role in the microgrid project. The storage units they can intelligently monitor and then control microgrid frequency and will respond first in the event of a loss of power. It also allows for renewable sources to be favored, reducing the need for thermal generation.
Schneider Electric has provided load preservation systems and demand side management capabilities. Schnieder's PowerLogic and StruxureWare Demand Side Operations (DSO) system will allow the renewable generation to be utilized most effectively, while drawing of market pricing signals, weather forecasts, historical electricity usage data and real time inputs to do so, while minimizing storage costs.
"By combining S&C's solutions with Schneider Electric's PowerLogic load preservation system, microgrid controller and DSO, I am confident that Oncor's system is one of the most advanced and comprehensive microgrids in the market today," said Philip Barton, Microgrid Program Director of Schneider Electric.
The project was realized in six months. A video outlining the project can be accessed here.