ED announced yesterday that California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington state will receive grants in varying amounts up to $70 million. CSP grants are the single largest source of funding for creating and expanding charter schools in the U.S. In 2012, ED's Office of the Inspector General reported that among states it audited, "none monitored authorizing agencies responsible for granting charter school licenses" and that "[State education agencies] have limited ability to ensure authorizers were approving and granting charters to quality charter schools and providing adequate monitoring to them after they opened." To date, these deficiencies have not been corrected.
Even as a wealth of research shows a shocking absence of oversight and accountability in the charter sector, voters this November will weigh the radical expansion of charter schools in Massachusetts, which was awarded as much as $15.8 million according to ED's announcement, and also in Georgia, which was awarded as much as $46.4 million under the latest round of grants.
Denver School of Science and Technology (DSST) received a grant of as much as $9 million in the latest round of awards despite a recent report warning that DSST may have paid up to $50 million over a four year period to a for-profit management company owned by two DSST board of directors.
Louisiana will receive a grant that could reach nearly $8 million. A recent study reported that Louisiana charter schools "have experienced millions in known losses from fraud and mismanagement so far," and could have losses in the tens of millions of dollars each year. Since 2005, Louisiana has spent approximately $700 million on charter schools that currently have not exceeded a D or F rating.
California could receive nearly $50 million from the latest CSP grant and will receive more than $25 million in 2016 alone. California previously received an up to $254 million grant in 2010. A 2015 study reported that more than 200 charters have closed in California, nearly one out of every five that have opened, due to a range of issues including financial mismanagement, unsafe school conditions, and material violations of the law.
In response to these and other reports regarding transparency and accountability in the charter sector, in 2015 the Annenberg Institute for School Reform (AISR) at Brown University released proposed standards and recommendations for oversight in charter schools based on conversations with educators, parents, students and community leaders. The report's seven proposed standards and dozens of policy recommendations aim to ensure a level playing field between traditional public schools and public charter schools and that charters are fully transparent and accountable to the communities they serve.
In 2015, a report on the CSP program from the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD) found that neither ED nor state agencies tracked which schools the federal education dollars went to, or how those schools preformed after receiving taxpayer funding. Even more shocking, CMD found that in many cases, schools received grants but ceased operation before ever holding a single day of classes.
Other advocates and watchdogs also responded with hesitancy to the announcement of the awards.
"The point of the federal charter school grant program is to grow the number of charter schools," said Kyle Serette, director of Education for the Center for Popular Democracy. "Today, there is no need for a federal charter growth stimulus given the large percentages of charter schools struggling to succeed, both academically and financially. States need to put in place the supports necessary to ensure charter school applications reflect the reality of charter school implementation. The new grants announced today will increase the stress on already overwhelmed charter school authorizers."
"We need stronger common sense protections to make sure these funds help children learn," said Donald Cohen, executive director of In the Public Interest, a watchdog and comprehensive resource center on outsourcing, responsible contracting and best practices for good government. "Without more transparency and oversight, we fear that too much of this funding will fall into a black hole."
Experts from the NEA and organizations quoted herein are available for interviews upon request.


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This Is Anfield • Liverpool FC Opinion • Player Ratings •
Liverpool FC Half-Term Player Ratings
Henry Jackson
@HenryJackson87
With the Premier League season at its halfway stage, we assess the performances of each Liverpool player to date in 2015/16.
The Reds' 1-0 win at Sunderland on Wednesday evening was their 19th league game of the campaign, and it has been a fairly forgettable four months or so.
The arrival of Jurgen Klopp has clearly been the one enormous plus point of 2015/16 so far, but performances and results need to improve drastically in 2016.
In terms of individuals, there have been some standout performers and some who have struggled. Certain new signings have fared better than others, while established names have also been an eclectic mix of good, bad and awful.
Here is how each Liverpool player has done at the halfway point in the season.
(Connor Randall, Brad Smith, Cameron Brannagan, Pedro Chirivella, and Joao Teixeira not included, due to lack of appearances.)
Simon Mignolet – 6 (out of 10)
The Belgian has once again divided opinion between supporters, with many feeling he is just not quite good enough to be Liverpool's first-choice goalkeeper.
The 27-year-old has been both good and bad, in truth, with important saves in the wins at Chelsea and Man City high points, and an error at home to West Brom a moment he will want to forget. Far from perfect, but half-decent.
Adam Bogdan – 5
Bogdan was signed on a free transfer from Bolton in the summer, and has only made four appearances to date.
The Hungarian was given a chance to shine at Watford, following an injury to Mignolet, but he blew his big opportunity, making an early howler. Liverpool should have a better back-up 'keeper.
Nathaniel Clyne – 6.5
Clyne has very much been Mr Steady since his arrival from Southampton, bringing defensive expertise and consistency to a right-back position that has been an issue for the Reds in recent times.
The England international has been almost faultless in terms of defending, but a bit more quality in the final third is needed.
No Liverpool player has played in more games (26) so far this season.
Mamadou Sakho – 7.5
Having been criminally left out of the side by Brendan Rodgers, Sakho was magnificent in the early weeks of Klopp's reign, bringing great all-round quality to the centre of the defence.
A knee injury curtailed the 25-year-old's progress, and upon his return, he played poorly at Watford and shakily at home to Leicester. Liverpool's best centre-back returned to the top of his game against Sunderland, however.
Martin Skrtel – 5.5
Skrtel has had a typical Skrtel season so far. At times he has been excellent, but more often than not, he has been the weak-link in Liverpool's defence, showing poor positional sense and a lack of leadership.
His goal at Man City was a standout moment.
Dejan Lovren – 6.5
It has taken too long, but Lovren is finally starting to look like the defender Liverpool hoped to see when they signed him for big money last year.
The 26-year-old endured a miserable afternoon against West Ham in August, but other than that, he has been a model of consistency. The Croatian is in a promising run of form currently.
Kolo Toure – 6
The hugely popular Ivorian has only featured seven times this season – just two substitute appearances in the league – and he has been solid enough. He is clearly not the player he once was, though.
Alberto Moreno – 7
Like Sakho, Moreno was out of favour under Rodgers but has thrived under Klopp.
The young Spaniard has been one of Liverpool's best players since October, bringing pace and quality down the left and showing an improvement defensively. A few lapses at the back have been evident, though.
Joe Gomez – 6.5
Gomez was impressing greatly at left-back in the early stages of the campaign, but a cruciate ligament injury cruelly ended the youngster's season in October.
Lucas Leiva – 7
Lucas has come a long way since his dark early days at Anfield, and there have been times when he has looked imperious at the heart of Liverpool's midfield.
The 28-year-old has struggled in recent weeks, after some outstanding performances in the Autumn, but he remains the only quality holding midfielder the Reds have in their ranks.
Emre Can – 7
The 21-year-old is a divisive player, but on the whole, he has really grown into his central midfield role this season. Like any young player, consistency has been an issue.
Can possesses great natural ability, as proven by outrageous assists against Man City and Southampton, but there are times when a lack of discipline in the middle of the park has been evident.
He will only get better, which is an exciting thought for any Liverpool supporter.
Jordan Henderson – 6.5
Henderson has only made eight appearances because of a three-month injury lay-off, but having him back in the side has made a big difference.
The captain was Liverpool's man of the match in the Boxing Day win over Leicester City, but he worryingly limped off against former club Sunderland on Wednesday evening.
James Milner – 5
It has all been a bit of a struggle for Milner, who has just not produced the quality many expected him when he joined from Man City.
The admirable work-rate has been there for all to see, but the 29-year-old has lacked influence in a more central role.
2016 and beyond needs to be better if Milner is to be a regular.
Joe Allen – 6
The Welshman has failed to nail down a starting berth in midfield, but whenever he has been used, he has shown quality on the ball and underrated defensive nous.
Allen will never be a favourite of the fans, but he is a lot better than many give him credit for.
Jordan Rossiter – 5.5
The teenager has featured very little, partly due to injury, but he has not looked out of his depth when called upon.
Philippe Coutinho – 7
Coutinho is arguably Liverpool's most gifted footballer, and while he hasn't always found his best form in 2015/16, he has been his side's talisman on a number of occasions.
The Brazilian has scored crucial goals against Chelsea, Man City and Stoke, and his creativity and invention have often been a joy to watch.
Less shooting from distance would be nice.
Adam Lallana – 5.5
Lallana should be so much better than he is, and his ability to flatter to deceive has often been very frustrating this season.
The 27-year-old has produced glimpses of class, and has adapted well to Klopp's style of play, but he needs to start producing far more goals and assists.
A lovely solo effort away to Bordeaux was a high point.
Jordon Ibe – 6
Ibe showed worrying form at the start of the campaign, but like numerous players, he has shone since Klopp's arrival in early October. His first Liverpool goal was a very well-taken effort, away to Rubin Kazan.
The Englishman is the only genuine wide man in the Reds' squad, and his pace and power have been a useful outlet at times.
His final ball needs to improve greatly, but that will come with age.
Roberto Firmino – 5
Firmino has been a big disappointment at Liverpool thus far, with the Brazilian arguably only playing well in two games, against Bournemouth in the League Cup and Man City in the Premier League.
The 24-year-old is clearly a very talented player, but his quality, influence and end product must start hitting the heights they did at Hoffenheim.
Daniel Sturridge – 7
Were it not for chronic luck with injuries, Sturridge would likely have been Liverpool's star man so far this season.
The 26-year-old has only made six appearances, but he has shown what a prolific striker he is in that time. His double in the League Cup at Southampton, and at home to Aston Villa in the league, were sheer class.
Christian Benteke – 5
Like Milner and Firmino, Benteke has not impressed yet in a Reds shirt.
The Belgian may have scored a fairly respectable seven goals in 19 matches, including back-to-back winners in recent matches, but his movement has been poor, his work-rate lacking and his overall impact not good enough.
Must do better.
Divock Origi – 6
The highly-rated Belgium international looked well out his depth until weeks, but he has started to show what a promising young striker he is.
Origi's first Liverpool goal was a cracker at Southampton, and his hat-trick that night injected him with great confidence. The 20-year-old is still very raw, but has a big future.
Danny Ings – 6.5
Ings was becoming a real crowd favourite in the early part of the season, with his likeable persona and impact on the pitch – three goals in eight games – making him very popular.
The 23-year-old picked up a serious knee injury in October, though, and he has been a big loss. There is an infectious nature about him that should really thrive under Klopp once Ings is fit again.
LFC 2015 YEAR IN REVIEW
Quiz of the Year
Top 15 Photos of 2015
[interaction id="5683b8ffa0cb783209b9857a"]
Player ratings definitions: 10 = Faultless | 9 = Excellent | 8 = Very Good | 7 = Good | 6 = Average | 5 = Below Par | 4 = Bad | 3 = Very Bad | 2 Awful | 1 = Surely Not
Make Your Ratings
Christian Benteke, Jordan Henderson, Mamadou Sakho, Martin Skrtel, Philippe Coutinho, Premier League, Roberto Firmino, Simon Mignolet
Liverpool confirm 7th loan recall as Owen Beck departs League One
Paul Konchesky inflicts LFC Women defeat as new signing debuts in cup
Ex-Liverpool goalkeeper pulls off rare feat with Belgium's best player award
"Jota is a horrible man!" – Liverpool's "ruthless" fines & leadership group explained
Liverpool face rivals for Matheus Nunes transfer with £44m deal expected

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A few weeks ago we received an amazing letter from a customer that we have worked with several times in the past. Sometimes, just like anyone, we get lost and forget the real reason that we do what we do, but letters like this remind us that our work is more than just a job… This letter opened our eyes to the work we do in people's homes and what it really means to be a part of a team that does the best work with the best team members. Our purpose is to make a difference in families and homes across the DFW Metroplex.
"Jeff: My wife and I have made it through the first week after having a brand new Carrier system installed in our 14-year-old home. All is well; we are getting the hang of the incredibly sophisticated controls that are a part of the Infinity package. Your sales lady did a great job of coaching us to take the time to "learn" the system and to allow the system to "learn" our choices of controlling the temperature in the different parts of our home as we go through the day. The follow-up team will come out in a few days to make adjustments to the baffles and controllers, but I must say, it has been fun to make changes from my iPhone!
What I wanted to share with you,Jeff, is an observation of the people who represent you and your firm. Please keep in mind that I am an "old guy" but I pay attention to how businesses conduct themselves and how they impact the community.
First, your install team arrived well in advance of the agreed start time last Monday morning. By 7:15, there were 8 men here to de-install, measure and re-install our unit. These men all introduced themselves to my wife and to me. They were well groomed and in uniforms. Each one knew his task and went to it without a lot of coaching. We checked backby the house about 4 PM and they were still going great. They told us to check back about 7 and then they called us at 6:30 to say they were about to wrap-up. They took a lot of time to carefully explain the zone controls (4) and handed us manuals and user guides. By the time they left, after sweeping us and vacuuming as they went out, I had the Infinity app downloaded and saw how the controls were working. We have now been using the system for one week and find it both user-friendly and, importantly, very comfortable.
Second, but equally important, Jeff. I noticed that each of the young men were professional and spoke clearly. It dawned on me that each of these young men was working in different levels of expertise. The team leader led by performing his work professionally. Each of the others seemed to take great pride in his work. Let me tell you why I think this is important: these young men made a choice Monday morning of whether to get out of bed early, clean-up and go do a hard day's work or not. Each of them made a choice of how to represent his employer and his fellow workers by completing his assigned task. Each of them made a choice about "hanging out" that day or working to provide for his family. It reinforced my belief that Americans are still proud to do a great day's work for fair compensation.
Jeff, it also reinforced my belief that there are employers out there who care about the wellbeing of their employees and the families for whom they provide. I want to congratulate you on being such an employer. It is clear that you care for these young men and their families just as it is clear that they hold you in high regard; they did not cut corners to get out of here in a hurry. They took the time to point out things that we would never know to look for like replacement vent covers and the like. It made me proud to know that these young men were choosing to become a part of "The American Dream" instead of wasting their time as too many do today.
You folks have been in our home several times now, Jeff. I have met over a dozen of your staff and find each one as impressive as the last. Consistency is a great thing with employees; you should be proud, Jeff. I'm proud of you and your choice to recruit, retain and recognize men and women like those that been guests in our home.
God Bless you, sir, and please let the crew know how much we appreciate their best work.
We want to thank Eddie and his wife for trusting Reliant Air Conditioning with their home, and hope you will too. Here at Reliant AC, we've been taking care of our customers for over 30 years with quality equipment and expert service – all at an affordable price. We pride ourselves in providing quality sales, air conditioning repair, and heating repair service. Be sure to ask Reliant Air Conditioning for a free estimate. Whether it's a new installation or routine service, our factory-trained technicians provide the expertise upon which your comfort depends. Visit our website to learn more about our team or to schedule a free estimate.


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Iranian Capital Tehran. Picture: PA
Aras Amiri had been sentenced to 10 years in jail in 2019 on widely criticised espionage charges.
An Iranian employee of the British Council who was arrested in Tehran and sentenced to 10 years in prison over internationally criticised espionage charges has been freed and has returned to the UK, the organisation said.
Iranian authorities did not immediately acknowledge the release of Aras Amiri, but it came amid negotiations in Vienna between Tehran and world powers, including the UK, over its tattered 2015 nuclear deal.
The British Council said on Wednesday that an appeal her lawyers made to Iran's Supreme Court had been successful. Ms Amiri worked for the council's London office.
We are pleased to confirm that British Council employee Aras Amiri has been acquitted in Iran of all charges following a successful appeal lodged by her lawyer. She has returned to the UK.
Read the full statement on our website: https://t.co/Hb1hlwraYU
— British Council (@BritishCouncil) January 12, 2022
"We have always refuted the original charges made against Aras," the council said in a statement.
"We are very proud of her work in our London office as an arts programme officer supporting a greater understanding and appreciation of Iranian culture in the UK."
In Tehran, her lawyer, Hojjat Kermani, confirmed in an interview with the Associated Press that Ms Amiri had been released.
He said Iran's Supreme Court had determined that her earlier espionage conviction in the country's Revolutionary Court was "against Shariah", or Islamic law.
Mr Kermani said Ms Amiri left Tehran on Monday but had been free from prison in recent months as she appealed against a travel ban.
Iran announced her conviction in 2019. Authorities had accused her of spying on cultural activities in Iran.
The British Council previously said she had travelled to Tehran to visit family on a private trip that did not involve her work at the non-political organisation which works in arts, culture and education.
As tensions with the West simmer, Iranian authorities have arrested a number of British dual-nationals in recent years. Rights groups accuse Tehran of holding them as bargaining chips for money or influence in negotiations with the West, something Tehran denies.
Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe (PA)
A British-Iranian worker for the Thomson Reuters Foundation, Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe, has been detained for more than five years in Tehran. After completing her sentence last year, she was released from prison — only for authorities to present new charges of "spreading propaganda against the regime" which she denies.
Anoush Ashoori, another dual national, was sentenced to 12 years at the same time as Ms Amiri and remains in detention.
A UN panel has criticised what it describes as "an emerging pattern involving the arbitrary deprivation of liberty of dual nationals" in Iran.
Ms Amiri's release comes as world powers negotiate over Tehran's collapsed nuclear deal in Vienna. The negotiations have dragged on for weeks with little sign of progress under recently elected hardline President Ebrahim Raisi.
Iranian and Gulf Arab diplomats flew this week for talks in China, another signatory to the nuclear deal.
European delegates have warned that time is running out to save the deal as Iran accelerates its nuclear programme, spinning uranium in advanced centrifuges up to 60% purity — a short step from weapons grade levels.


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A nacionalidade brasileira é matéria constitucional no Direito brasileiro, sendo regulada pelo artigo 12 da Constituição Federal.

A exemplo de outros países latino-americanos, o Brasil estabelece os parâmetros reguladores da nacionalidade na sua própria Constituição, o que não ocorre - por exemplo - com a maioria das nações europeias, cujas regras de nacionalidade são abordadas detalhadamente em leis e decretos ad hoc.

De fato, desde a primeira Carta Magna brasileira (Constituição Política do Império do Brasil de 1824), o tema nacionalidade é diretamente tratado na Constituição.

A instituição do conceito do jus soli é uma constante desde então na atribuição da nacionalidade brasileira, sendo seu princípio de base, mas não o único. O conceito do jus sanguinis também é previsto pela Constituição, pois nunca se ignorou a condição de crianças filhas de pai brasileiro ou de mãe brasileira nascidas fora do território nacional.

Nacionalidade originária

A constituição federal atribui a nacionalidade brasileira de origem:

 aos nascidos na República Federativa do Brasil, ainda que de pais estrangeiros, desde que estes não estejam a serviço de seu país;
 aos nascidos no estrangeiro, de pai brasileiro ou de mãe brasileira, desde que qualquer deles esteja a serviço da República Federativa do Brasil;
 aos nascidos no estrangeiro de pai brasileiro ou de mãe brasileira, desde que sejam registrados em repartição brasileira competente ou venham a residir na República Federativa do Brasil e optem, em qualquer tempo, depois de atingida a maioridade, pela nacionalidade brasileira.

Este último item constitui a maior mitigação ao princípio do jus soli no direito brasileiro, ao prever duas hipóteses de aquisição originária da nacionalidade brasileira para os nascidos no exterior de pai brasileiro ou de mãe brasileira que não esteja a serviço do país:

 caso o nascido no exterior seja registrado em repartição brasileira competente; ou
 caso o nascido no exterior venha a residir no Brasil e opte pela nacionalidade brasileira após a maioridade (o chamado "binômio residência/opção").

No período entre 1994 e 2007, a constituição não conferia ao registro o condão de atribuir a nacionalidade brasileira. Muitos juristas consideravam este texto pouco claro para fins de aplicação prática, já que a redação original da constituição de 1988 previa - até 1994 - que o registro em repartição consular conferia a nacionalidade ao brasileiro nascido no exterior, sem a exigência do binômio residência/opção. A nova redação de 2007 resolveu a questão ao reabilitar o registro como meio de atribuição da nacionalidade brasileira. A maioridade, contudo, não é exigida para os nascidos entre 7 de junho de 1994 e a promulgação da Emenda Constitucional (21 de setembro), pela redação dada no artigo 95º do Ato das Disposições Constitucionais Transitórias.

A opção pela nacionalidade brasileira deve ser feita perante juiz federal, conforme exposto pelos artigos 12, I, c e 109, X, da Constituição, e ratificado pela jurisprudência.

Nacionalidade derivada

A aquisição derivada da nacionalidade brasileira, ou seja, a concessão de naturalização ao estrangeiro residente em território nacional, é regulada pelo Artigo 12, II, da constituição brasileira, sendo sua concessão faculdade do Poder Executivo, por meio de portaria do Ministro da Justiça, segundo o exposto no artigo 111 da lei n° 6.815 de 1980. A Constituição federal prevê a aquisição da nacionalidade brasileira:

 aos que, na forma da lei, adquiram a nacionalidade brasileira, exigidas aos originários de países de língua portuguesa apenas residência por um ano ininterrupto e idoneidade moral; e
 aos estrangeiros de qualquer nacionalidade residentes no Brasil há mais de quinze anos ininterruptos e sem condenação penal, desde que requeiram a nacionalidade brasileira.

O ato de se conceder a naturalização ao estrangeiro é considerado um ato de soberania estatal, sendo portanto, ato discricionário do chefe do Poder Executivo. Assim entende o Supremo Tribunal Federal, já tendo decidido que "não há inconstitucionalidade no preceito que atribui exclusivamente ao Poder Executivo a faculdade de conceder naturalização". De modo semelhante explicita o ministro do Supremo Celso de Mello, ao afirmar que "a concessão da naturalização é faculdade exclusiva do Poder Executivo. A satisfação das condições, exigências e requisitos legais não assegura ao estrangeiro direito à naturalização. A outorga da nacionalidade brasileira secundária a um estrangeiro constitui manifestação da soberania nacional. A concessão da naturalização é uma faculdade discricionária do Poder Executivo federal. Não há direito público subjetivo à naturalização. O Brasil não pode ser compelido a concedê-la."

Só é considerado brasileiro naturalizado aquele que passar por todas as exigências administrativas, já que a naturalização só produzirá efeito após a entrega do certificado pelo magistrado competente, conforme descrito em lei. Tal entendimento é confirmado pelo STF, que em decisão afirmou que "o brasileiro naturalizado não pode ser extraditado se não antecede ao pedido a nulidade da naturalização, mediante o processo administrativo previsto no art-112, parágrafos 2. e 3. da lei 6.815 não tem aplicação a hipótese em que baixada a portaria ministerial de naturalização, esta não se consumou com a solene entrega do certificado pelo juiz. No interregno, sem estar ainda investido na condição de brasileiro, o naturalizando responde de acordo com a sua nacionalidade anterior."<ref name=HC>STF, Pleno, Habeas Corpus 62.795-1-SP, Rel. Min. Rafael Mayer</ref> Enquanto não ocorrer tal entrega, o estrangeiro ainda não é brasileiro, podendo inclusive ser extraditado do território nacional.

A Constituição estabelece diferentes critérios para grupos diversos de estrangeiros que requerem a naturalização. Tais grupos dividem-se em:

 Estrangeiros, excluídos os originários de países da língua portuguesa
 Estrangeiros originários de países de língua portuguesa, exceto portugueses residentes no Brasil

A naturalização referente aos portugueses residentes no Brasil é vista na seção "Estatuto dos portugueses"

 Estrangeiros

Conforme previsto no Estatuto dos Estrangeiros (Lei Nº 6.815, de 19 de agosto de 1980), em seu artigo 112, são listados os seguintes requisitos:

 capacidade civil, segundo a lei brasileira;
 ser registrado como permanente no Brasil;
 residência contínua no território nacional, pelo prazo mínimo de quatro anos, imediatamente anteriores ao pedido de naturalização;
 ler e escrever a língua portuguesa
 exercício de profissão ou posse de bens suficientes à manutenção própria e da família;
 inexistência de denúncia, pronúncia ou condenação no Brasil ou no exterior por crime doloso a que seja cominada pena mínima de prisão, abstratamente considerada, superior a um ano; e
 boa saúde

Estatuto de Igualdade

O artigo 12, parágrafo primeiro, da Constituição Federal outorga aos portugueses com residência permanente no Brasil,e a brasileiros com residência em Portugal, "os direitos inerentes ao brasileiro", excluídas as prerrogativas constitucionais de brasileiro nato. São requisitos para a concessão da igualdade a residência habitual (permanente), a maioridade civil e a formulação de pedido junto ao Ministro da Justiça.

Os portugueses podem requerer a igualdade de tratamento no que tange aos direitos civis; podem, ademais, solicitar lhes sejam concedidos direitos políticos análogos aos de brasileiro (exceto os privativos de brasileiro nato). Neste último caso, exige-se um mínimo de cinco anos de residência permanente.

O gozo de direitos políticos no Brasil importa na suspensão do exercício dos mesmos em Portugal. O exercício da cidadania brasileira por não-nacionais brasileiros (no caso, portugueses) constitui uma rara exceção ao princípio de que a nacionalidade é condição sine qua non para a cidadania, aberta aos portugueses—desde que com reciprocidade de tratamento para os brasileiros—em nome do relacionamento histórico entre os dois países.

O chamado "Estatuto de Igualdade" é regulado, no plano bilateral, pelos artigos 12 a 22 do Tratado de Amizade, Cooperação e Consulta entre Brasil e Portugal, celebrado em Porto Seguro em 22 de abril de 2000.

 Distinção entre brasileiro nato e naturalizado
A Constituição proíbe a distinção legal entre brasileiros natos e naturalizados, exceto quanto aos casos nela previstos:

São privativos de brasileiro nato os seguintes cargos:
Presidente e Vice-Presidente da República;
Presidente da Câmara dos Deputados;
Presidente do Senado Federal;
Ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal;
da carreira diplomática;
de oficial das Forças Armadas;
de Ministro de Estado da Defesa; e
os seis cargos de membro do Conselho da República mencionados no art. 89, item VII, da Constituição Federal.
Segundo prevê o art. 5º, inciso LI da Constituição Federal, após análise da solicitação de Estado estrangeiro pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (art. 102, alínea g), somente se admite duas possibilidades de extradição de brasileiros, observadas as seguintes circunstâncias:
a) Deve ser naturalizado, e não nato;
b) A solicitação de extradição deve ser decorrente do cometimento de crime comum praticado antes de haver sido formalizada a naturalização,
c) No caso de comprovado envolvimento com o tráfico de drogas, mesmo que posterior à naturalização.
Em outras palavras esse inciso impede a extradição de qualquer brasileiro nato, seja qual for o motivo da solicitação.
a propriedade de empresas jornalísticas, de rádio ou TV é privativa de brasileiros natos ou naturalizados há mais de dez anos.

 Perda da nacionalidade brasileira

A perda da nacionalidade é de trato exclusivo da Carta Política de 88, tendo apenas dois casos previstos no texto constitucional que são aqueles elencados em seu artigo 12. O primeiro é por decisão judicial, que cancelará sua naturalização quando o brasileiro tenha realizado atividade prejudicial ao interesse nacional aponta-se como, o ato do cancelamento, a naturalização válida, segundo Silva (2008). O processo judicial se inicia com o Ministro de Justiça, por solicitação ou qualquer cidadão por representação. A partir daí o Ministério Publico Federal, haja vista que todo processo se inicia na Justiça Federal, pede o inquérito policial, se conhecer da requisição inicial e a tramitação passam a ser de acordo com a Lei 818/49, submetendo o poder Executivo as decisões do Poder Judiciário (que será nesse caso concreto ex nunc) pois aqui se tem um ponto fora da curva, o qual é, em se tratando de matéria de soberania o Poder Executivo tem legitimidade para decidir. O segundo caso é quando adquirir outra nacionalidade, exceto quando tem de haver pela lei estrangeira o reconhecimento da nacionalidade originária ou quando para que se tenha permanência no país estrangeiro ou exercício de direitos civis se imponha a naturalização brasileira pela lei estrangeira (GUIMARÃES, 1995, p. 92 e 93). Desde 1934 se aceitava a perda da nacionalidade pela vontade própria e manifestada do brasileiro, rompendo ele, com o vínculo de nacional brasileiro e estando dentro do que a lei estrangeira exigia para a naturalização naquele país, assim é o entendimento de Pontes de Miranda (1970, p. 524):

"Para se naturalizar noutro Estado é de mister que seja capaz segundo a legislação dele, isto é, que observe o que a lei de naturalização estrangeira exige.Para se perder a nacionalidade brasileira, a lei brasileira é que pode fixar os pressupostos, quer materiais, quer formais.A capacidade é um deles."

Percebe-se que a perda da nacionalidade não é automática, pois é preciso de um ato específico que em processo específico terá a perda. Havia casos em que se podia ter dupla nacionalidade (GUIMARÃES, 1995, p.95), pois se conseguia voluntariamente outra nacionalidade se menor de idade ou pelo casamento, sem a vontade do naturalizando, pelo Estado que atribuiu. Já em 1988 o verbete "por naturalização voluntária" deixou de ser a única forma de perda de nacionalidade e não mais a vontade do indivíduo importa e sim à vontade e interesse do Estado que é levado em conta. Cabe lembrar que a nacionalidade, ao contrário da Suíça, por exemplo, é individual, ou seja, ela não atinge cônjuge ou filhos menores de acordo com Carvalho (2008). A nacionalidade quanto a sua perda pode ser de brasileiros natos ou naturalizados para que se tenha outra naturalização, chamada de naturalização voluntária (que é diferente daquela que as Constituições anteriores previam) a exemplo cita-se o matrimônio e se entende como sendo da vontade do interessado com manifestado interesse, uma conduta ativa, portanto, pela naturalização, assim pensa Mendes (2014). Logo não ocorre dupla nacionalidade nesse sentido, pois se outro Estado concede a naturalização ele perde a sua anterior e se o Estado estrangeiro não conceder não há perda. Por fim, cumpre dizer que há uma divergência doutrinária quanto à reaquisição da naturalização ao Estado Brasileiro. Quando se decreta a reaquisição de nacionalidade brasileira o cidadão volta a ter a condição que perdeu, ou seja, se nato volta ser nato, e se naturalizado volta à condição de naturalizado, isso pelo entendimento de Silva (2008). Já outros autores como Rezek e Pontes de Miranda entendem que na reaquisição, sempre o cidadão se torna naturalizado (CARVALHO, 2008, p.808).

Conforme dito peço vênia para transcrever o que traz a Constituição Federal de 1988, expressamente, em seu artigo 12, inciso II, alínea b § 4º:

"Será declarada a perda da nacionalidade do brasileiro que:

I - tiver cancelada sua naturalização, por sentença judicial, em virtude de atividade nociva ao interesse nacional;

II - adquirir outra nacionalidade, salvo nos casos:

a) de reconhecimento de nacionalidade originária pela lei estrangeira;

b) de imposição de naturalização, pela norma estrangeira, ao brasileiro residente em Estado estrangeiro, como condição para permanência em seu território ou para o exercício de direitos civis."

Ver também
 naturalização
 nacionalidade
 dupla-nacionalidade
 lista de brasileiros naturalizados
 nacionalidade estadunidense
 nacionalidade portuguesa
 nacionalidade alemã

Bibliografia
 Brownlie, Ian. Principles of Public International Law. 6ª edição, Oxford, 2003.
 Carvalho, Aluisio Dardeau de. Nacionalidade e cidadania. Freitas Bastos, 1956.
 Dal Ri Júnior, Arno et Oliveira, Maria Helena de (org.). Cidadania e nacionalidade: efeitos e perspectivas. 2ª edição, Ijuí: Editora Unijuí, 2003.
 Dolinger, Jacob. Direito Internacional Privado (Parte Geral)'. 2ª edição, Renovar, 1993.
 Guimarães, Francisco Xavier da Silva. Nacionalidade: Aquisição, Perda e Reaquisição. 1ª edição, Forense, 1995.
 Moraes, Alexandre de. Direito Constitucional. Atlas, 1997.
 Nucci, Guilherme de Souza. Código penal comentado. Revista dos Tribunais, 200.
 Oliveira Lima, A. Formação Histórica da Nacionalidade Brasileira. Topbooks, 1997.
 Silva, Afonso da - Curso de Direito Constitucional Positivo. 9ª edição, Malheiros, 1992.
 Ministério das Relações Exteriores: Naturalização -- Portal Consular
 Miranda, Pontes. Comentários À Constituição de 1967 Com a Emenda de 1969, 1970.
 Rezek, Francisco.Direito Internacional Público - Curso Elementar - 15ª Ed. 2014

Ligações externas
 Divisão de Nacionalidade e Naturalização do Ministério da Justiça
 "Brasileirinhos apátridas"
 FONTES, André R. C. Nacionalidade Brasileira e Adoção Internacional. Revista da EMARF, Rio de Janeiro, v. 15, n. 1, p. 9-16, ago. 2011

Direito internacional público
Brasil
Sociedade do Brasil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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Australian Fur Seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) with a shark bite wound targeted because of illness?
The adult, male Australian Fur Seal was found to be repeatedly hauled out around Shelly Beach, Cronulla, NSW since 8th February 2015. The animal had a severe semicircular injury along the right rump region, which appeared to be infected.
Short-beaked Echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus aculeatus) with severe sparganosis and mycobacteriosis
An adult female echidna was found on a road in Cromer, NSW and taken to a local veterinary hospital. The echidna was not moving well and was sent to Taronga Wildlife Hospital for assessment. The echidna presented with a large lump on its back (Image) and was subject to x-ray under anaesthesia where it was found to have a fracture of the left zygomatic arch and an old maxillary fracture. The pelvic structure appeared abnormal, possibly due to old, healed fractures.
Great Barred Frog (Mixophyes fasciolatus) with Chytridiomycosis and Mycobacteriosis
An adult, male, wild caught frog from the North Coast (Watagans National Park, Cooranbong NSW) 01/01/15, was housed in a group of 13 other M. fasciolatus at a research facility. The frog was found on the morning of 16/06/15 lying on its back, minimally responsive. Euthanasia with MS-222 was elected, and tissues were sent to the Registry for assessment.


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text:
Amid decline, one Lutheran church strives to live up to its namesake's spirit
Christ the King, located in a bedroom community to Raleigh, is pushing forward with a new vision, one that has less to do with Luther's theology and more with the spirit of his reform.
In the Rev. Daniel Pugh's Bible study on Genesis 3 he explained that The Fall can be understood as a coming of age story. RNS photo by Yonat Shimron.
Yonat Shimron
CARY, N.C. (RNS) — At a Bible study on a weekday evening, Lutheran minister Daniel Pugh paced before a group of 50 church members in cargo shorts and a plaid button-down shirt talking about Adam and Eve.
Clutching a hand-held remote he clicked through a PowerPoint presentation, telling members of Christ the King Lutheran Church that one way to interpret the story of Adam and Eve is as a coming-of-age allegory about a pair of carefree teens caught red-handed having sex.
Christ the King Lutheran Church in Cary, N.C. RNS photo by Yonat Shimron.
In this, alternative reading of The Fall, the "forbidden fruit" offered to Eve in Chapter 3 may be a metaphor for sex, he said, and the "serpent" may be a metaphor for a penis.
Lutherans have certainly come a long way since their namesake, Martin Luther, nailed his 95 theses to the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, Germany, 500 years ago this month, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
These days, the largest U.S. denomination to trace its heritage to the great reformer, the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, is struggling to reverse a decline in membership among its 9,252 churches.
The traditional sanctuary at Christ the King Lutheran Church in Cary, N.C. RNS photo by Yonat Shimron
Its successful churches, such as Christ the King, located in a bedroom community of Raleigh, are pushing forward with a new vision, one that has less to do with upholding the purity of Luther's theology and more with the spirit of Luther's reform agenda.
That spirit of reform is evident in the casual clothes sans-collar Pugh wears for Bible study, in his embrace of technology and audio-visual enhancements — the Bible study is posted to the church's YouTube channel — and in his theological exploration that brings recent academic scholarship into the pews and challenges members' understanding of their faith.
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"This is a look at the Adam and Eve story in a way I'm sure you've never heard a pastor talk about before," Pugh, 34, told his listeners at the outset, cautioning them: "This Bible study is going to be more adult than you're used to. This Bible study will talk about sex and morality."
Christ the King Lutheran Church wants to move beyond the hidebound traditions of American Protestantism, take risks, attract younger people and make Christianity more relevant to the 21st century.
Julie Schmidt, right, leads a children's sing-along before Sunday school at Christ the King Lutheran Church in Cary, N.C. RNS photo by Yonat Shimron
"A lot of times churches are trying to preserve the legacy of who founded the congregations founded long ago," said Elizabeth Eaton, the presiding bishop of the ELCA. "When you try to hold on to something so tightly, you strangle it. Taking a risk while being faithful to the core message of grace is my advice."
Luther famously broke with the Roman Catholic Church over his conviction that faith alone leads to salvation in heaven and that the Bible is the sole source of legitimate authority for Christian believers. But those theological controversies have receded in significance.
More important to many Lutherans today, is Luther's emphasis on freedom that comes from divine grace, on offering worship in the language and culture of the day and making it relevant to a new generation.
The share of Americans who identify with mainline Protestantism has been shrinking significantly. A recent Pew Center study found that just shy of 15 percent of Americans affiliate with the mainline. (Among millennials born since 1981, only 11 percent identify as mainline Protestants).
The ELCA saw its membership decline to 3.5 million members in 2016, down from 5.2 million in 1988 when the denomination was formed as a merger of three other smaller Lutheran groups. Today, 40 percent of its churches have between 50 and 100 worshippers each Sunday.
Christ the King, with 1,420 members, is determined to change that trajectory.
Evangelism in a parking lot
Like many older mainline churches across the country, Christ the King went through a period of stagnation.
Morale flagged. Conflict escalated. Clergy burned out. Members left.
The church was started in 1964 when Cary was still a sleepy suburb with fewer than 5,000 residents. But the church benefitted from the town's explosive growth — now about 162,000 residents — as more people flocked to the South in search of better jobs and safe, family-friendly neighborhoods.
At its peak, Christ the King had 2,000 members. But when the church hired the Rev. Wolfgang Herz-Lane — who, like Luther, was born in what is now Germany — as senior pastor a year ago, only about 400 were attending Sunday services.
"It became really clear that what was happening here is what happens in so many of our churches: People were faithfully managing their decline," said Herz-Lane.
Senior Pastor Wolfgang Herz-Lane gives a Martin Luther toy to a child during a church service. RNS photo by Yonat Shimron
As the membership and offerings declined, church leaders cut staff and programs — accommodating the decline and managing it rather than trying to reverse it.
Herz-Lane, who served previously as bishop of the Delaware-Maryland Synod of the ELCA, had ideas about what could be done.
Herz-Lane first came to the U.S. to work in a poor, inner-city church in Camden, N.J., as part of an overseas service program. He quickly learned about dislocation, malaise and social injustice.
RNS graphic by Chris Mathews
Though Christ the King's problems were of a different order — its members are mostly affluent and white — he saw a challenge. When he was defeated for his second term as bishop, he took the job of senior pastor in Cary hoping to turn the church around.
At its core, his plan consisted of extending an invitation and building relationships.
"Lutheran churches are terrible about evangelism," he said. "They think religion is a private matter. But Jesus is clear: Go and make disciples."
MaryJane Selgrade, a longtime member who chairs the church's outreach board, points to the church's next-door neighbor, Cary High School, as an example of Herz-Lane's new emphasis on building relationships.
For years, parents have been driving through the church's parking lot each morning to drop off and pick up students. This was one of the first things Herz-Lane noticed.
"He said, 'God is bringing 150 people to our parking lot every morning and what are we doing about it?'" Selgrade said.
As the school year started, church members began offering pencils and doughnuts to drivers and passengers. On Ash Wednesday, they offered "ashes to go" as they pulled through the parking lot, smudging foreheads with ashes — the sign of Christian repentance.
These and other welcoming initiatives have begun to make a difference. In June, Herz-Lane reported that attendance at Sunday services was averaging 529 people — up 27 percent — on Sunday. To beef up the worship experience, he hired Pugh as associate pastor and a 20-something director of contemporary music.
Now he is launching a capital campaign to upgrade the church's traditional and contemporary worship spaces with state-of-the-art audio-visual technology to accommodate the needs of a younger generation.
"People are pretty enthusiastic," Selgrade said. "Change is always tough. And there have been some bumps in the road, but things are going pretty well."
'It's not just about feeding hungry people'
While outreach and invitation may help the church grow, other parts of Herz-Lane's vision may be more difficult to implement.
In September, Herz-Lane notified the church council that he planned to officiate at a same-sex marriage in Charlotte. Pugh, an associate pastor, performed one such marriage before coming on board.
Herz-Lane now wants the church to declare itself a "reconciling" congregation, meaning that it is welcoming and accepting of LGBTQ people.
Some 762 ELCA churches, seminaries and campus ministries — about 8 percent of its institutions — have formally adopted a welcome statement, and another 434 are in the process, according to Reconciling Works, a Lutheran advocacy group.
Herz-Lane said he expects such a measure to pass since the denomination already allows LGBTQ people to serve as clergy, and in 2015 ruled that congregations may decide for themselves whether to marry gay and lesbian couples.
Nathan Sliwa, the newly appointed minister for contemporary music, and a gay man, is banking on it.
"Before I took the job, I went to the pastors who were hiring me and asked them, 'Are you ready for whatever potential backlash may happen from me being hired?'" he said. "They reassured me they would go to bat for me if anything happened."
Perhaps more controversial, church leaders want the congregation to take on more of an advocacy role. For years it has had an active social ministry, providing food, clothing, housing, and other forms of assistance to those in need, in Cary and across the world.
Now they want to start a local chapter of a national community-organizing network, the Industrial Areas Foundation, which could advocate for such things as health care, green energy, criminal justice or immigrant rights.
"It's not just about feeding hungry people and collecting food for the food pantry, as important as that is," said Herz-Lane. "It's also important to look at systemic injustice so people aren't hungry in the first place."
But so far, the church has tended to shy away from taking stands that could be construed as political. After President Trump issued a travel ban in his first days in office, Herz-Lane, posted a statement to Facebook saying, "What happened to this country I fell in love with 40 years ago?" Some people bristled and told him he was being political.
But the biggest challenge may be attracting diverse and multicultural young adults without alienating older ones.
Like many mainline churches, membership at Christ the King skews older. Most church members are 50 and up, and the percentage of millennials is tiny.
"We've neglected young adults and anybody from the age range of 18 to 32, especially if you're not married and don't have kids," said Sliwa, who at 24 is one of just 20 younger members.
Zachary Shultz, 10, lights the candle on the altar at the beginning of church services at Christ the King Lutheran Church in Cary, N.C. RNS photo by Yonat Shimron
Earlier this month, church leaders were invited to attend a workshop at Fuller Theological Seminary's Youth Institute in Pasadena, Calif., on strategies for better engaging teens and emerging adults. After trying some new approaches, they will return to Fuller in March to talk about what worked.
Meanwhile, the church is concluding a yearlong series of events tied to the anniversary of the Reformation. It includes watching a documentary, reading a book and participating in a joint worship with the bishop of the local Catholic diocese.
Herz-Lane hopes members gain a deeper appreciation for Luther's willingness to break the mold and try new things.
"We're here for the sake of the world, not to preserve some silly tradition," he said. "A lot of churches don't get that."
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Machaira considers itself a non-denominational band. Although the four members of Machaira come from four different churches, our common basic belief in the Lordship of Jesus Christ transcends denominational walls.
We believe in the Holy Spirit, who came forth from the Father and Son to convict the world of sin, righteousness, and judgment, and to regenerate, sanctify and empower for ministry all who believe in Jesus Christ.
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text:
// Copyright 2016 Rolosoft Ltd
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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// <copyright file="ExtendedToken.cs" company="Rolosoft Ltd">
// Copyright (c) Rolosoft Ltd. All rights reserved.
// </copyright>
namespace Rsft.Identity3.CacheRedis.Tests.Unit.Logic.Mappers.InheritedEntities
{
    using IdentityServer3.Core.Models;

    /// <summary>
    /// The Extended Token
    /// </summary>
    /// <seealso cref="IdentityServer3.Core.Models.Token" />
    public sealed class ExtendedToken : Token
    {
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        /// Gets or sets the custom decimal.
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        public decimal CustomDecimal { get; set; }
    }
}


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This RFC is about killing the third and uncommon alias 'real' alias for float/doubles.
This RFC proposes to remove the 'real' alias that exists for double and floats. PHP supports floating point decimals which always are represented as 'float' when you var_dump() it. However 2 aliases exists to compliment this, these are 'double' and 'real'.
The 'real' alias is often forgotten and very rarely used. An example is that the scalar type hinting available as of PHP 7.0.0, doesn't support 'real' (or 'double' too for the matter).
The '(real)' type cast and the alias function 'is_real()' will be removed.
Proposed is to deprecate both the type cast and the alias in 7.1, making them emit an E_DEPRECATED notice and remove them in 7.2.
Although this touches the language syntax due to the type cast, I believe this only would require a 50%+1 majority (please correct if this is wrong).
A patch will be created once the voting period is over.


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This incredible world record attempt saw a dedicated freediver reach the staggering depth of 107 METERS (351 FEET) – more than the length of a football field.
Reaching a depth that no woman in the sport had hit before, Alessia Zecchini held breath for more than three-and-a-half minutes in order to complete the remarkable feat.
In the footage, relaxed Alessia, from Rome, Italy, can be seen calmly swimming to the base of the 107-meter rope as support divers surround her.
In the medium she competes in – constant weight apnea – freedivers descend and ascend using fins or a monofin, and they are allowed to use their arms without pulling on the rope or changing their ballast.
Grabbing the rope is only allowed to stop a descent or to start an ascent.
Alessia's record-breaking dive took place at the VB 2018 Diving Championship, in Deans Blue Hole, Bahamas, on July 26.
As she rose to the surface, cheers erupted from the surrounding ground.
The new record added an additional five meters to a distance Alessia set in 2017.
The 26-year-old diver, who took her first apnea diving course at 13, said: "I tried not to think about anything, only to focus on what I'm doing and try to feel positive feelings.
"I was very happy and satisfied – it was such a beautiful dive with very nice feelings.
"My first time in a pool was when I was 11, in a swimming school.
"Since I was younger, I loved to swim and try to go deep in the sea during holidays.


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The journey to discovering new treatments for Parkinson's (PD) is lengthy and expensive. The Cure Parkinson's Trust (CPT) is determined to fast-track potential new treatments to slow, stop, or reverse PD. Our international Linked Clinical Trials initiative (LCT) 'repurposes' already approved and available drugs and therapies for other conditions, with the potential for treatment of Parkinson's, reducing the time to reach patients by a number of years.
Annually in September, through our pioneering international Linked Clinical Trials (LCT) initiative, the Linked Clinical Trials committee evaluates multiple drugs currently used, or being developed, in other therapeutic areas, as well as considering natural, non-pharmaceutically based compounds. The committee prioritises drugs and compounds from a dossier of recommendations compiled by Drs. Richard Wyse and Simon Stott (CPT's Director and Deputy Director of Research and Development) and assesses which of these putative treatments would potentially be most suited to move immediately into pilot clinical trials. Aspects considered include known modes of action, safety, blood-brain-barrier penetration, preclinical data in models of PD and relevance to patients along with the possibility to monitor target engagement in the brain (Brundin et al 2013).
LCT is the legacy of Tom Isaacs, founder of The Cure Parkinson's Trust, and now brings together charities, research organisations and experts from around the world. Since the first annual meeting in 2012, over 2000 drugs have been screened to be repurposed for Parkinson's. These efforts have been instrumental in bringing directly to trial a number of important drugs with disease modifying potential.
A recent informative paper featuring a number of CPT's Linked Clinical Trials candidate drugs provides context and an independent rationale for the importance of this programme: 'Drug Repurposing in Parkinson's Disease' ~ Dilan Athauda, Tom Foltynie.
Liraglutide, Lixisenatide, Exenatide and Bydureon belong to a group of safe and well-tolerated drugs called GLP-1 agonists. They are used to treat insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and in recent years there has been research based evidence to suggest that they show great promise as a new treatment for Parkinson's. A recent meeting conducted by CPT, discussed the further development of trials for these important drugs to ensure that we can find the right routes forward in bringing viable treatments to people with Parkinson's as quickly as possible.
Lixisenatide and Liraglutide are two injectable Diabetes treatments which have been moved into Parkinson's clinical trials. CPT and Van Andel Research Institute(VARI) are collaborating with the lead investigators in France and the U.S. as well as the pharmaceutical companies Sanofi and NovoNordisk. Two distinct trials have been designed with targeted populations of people with Parkinson's to investigate this potentially important new approach to treatment.
For the last few years the LCT committee has explored whether 'inhibition of c-Abl' would offer a disease-modifying approach for PD. In 2010 a group of researchers published a paper demonstrating that there is increased levels of abl in the Parkinsonian brain, and by blocking the abl protein, c-Abl inhibition could effectively protect models of Parkinson's disease.
Read further background in the paper here: 'Phosphorylation by the c-Abl protein tyrosine kinase inhibits parkin's ubiquitination and protective function' - Dawson et al.
C-Abl is a protein that also recently emerged as a therapeutic target showing early promise as a potential disease-modifying therapy when preliminary results were released from a small study at Georgetown University on 'c-Abl inhibition' by Nilotinib in 6 'late stage PD patients' and 6 patients with 'dementia with Lewy bodies'. While more research must be done to understand its role in PD progression, a lot of activity in the 'c-Abl' field is being carried out to help answer some key questions about its potential.
"Based on compelling biochemical evidence and considerable discussion, this expert committee concluded that the use of Nilotinib had significant potential to slow neurodegeneration in PD." - The Cure Parkinson's Trust Linked Clinical Trials Committee (LCT).
The Cure Parkinson's Trust LCT Committee built a working party comprising the company who own the drug, certain members of the LCT committee and potential funding partners, to design a robust trial to understand the effects of 'c-Abl inhibition' by Nilotinib in people with Parkinson's.
Recently, Dr Richard Wyse (CPT), Prof. Patrik Brundin (Van Andel Institute - VARI) and Todd Sherer (Michael J Fox Foundation) - published their article 'Nilotinib – Differentiating the Hope from the Hype' in the Journal of Parkinson's Disease July 2016 discussing the Georgetown safety trial. At the same time, Michael J Fox Foundation, VARI and CPT announced their collaborative partnership to assess the clinical use and development of Nilotinib in Parkinson's. In November 2017 The Michael J Fox Foundation (MJFF) and the Van Andel Research Institute (VARI) announced their recruitment for the Phase lla trial across various centres in the States to test the safety and tolerability of repurposing Nilotinib in Parkinson's disease.
On 25th October 2017 SEONGNAM, a private Korean biotech company, and Neuraly Inc., a startup from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, announced a collaboration to co-develop novel c-Abl inhibitors for Parkinson's. On 9th March 2017, US biotech Inhibikase announced an MJFF-funded trial to explore the safety profile and brain penetrance of advanced c-Abl inhibitors in pre-clinical models versus other drugs in their class. In addition, Inhibikase is planning another Nilotinib trial, along with another medicine Dasatinib, to investigate its potential in Parkinson's. Also, Georgetown University is moving forward with their further clinical assessments of Nilotinib in PD.
These trials are happening simultaneously across different sites with diverse study designs. The benefit of multiple trials is that researchers will be armed with more data to assess this treatment and help build new pathways faster.
EPI-589 is owned by Bioelectron who are running a 'proof of concept' in Parkinson's trial. EPI-589 was designed to treat rare mitochondrial diseases in children. We now know that mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of genetic types of Parkinson's(*2) and is also thought to be a feature in Parkinson's where the cause is not known. This trial will help us understand whether this drug can improve mitochondrial function in neurons and, what benefit this has for people with Parkinson's.
The next phase of a 2A study has completed and results will be published soon: Phase 2A study of EPI-589 in Parkinson's.
The study is led by Professor Huw Morris and Dr Vincenzo Libri at the Leonard Wolfson Experimental Neurology Centre at UCLH in London and it is hoped, that this will be the first step in the development of a new Parkinson's treatment.
Simvastatin already treats high cholesterol but could have neuroprotective qualities in Parkinson's due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Simvastatin's effects in Parkinson's are the subject of a clinical trial that is now underway in 23 centres across the UK led and supported by the University of Plymouth, with funding from CPT and JP Moulton Trust.
Ambroxol was prioritised by the LCT committee in 2014. This anti-mucolytic drug has now moved into a small proof of concept study at the Royal Free Hospital in London involving a cross section of people with Parkinson's, including those with genetic forms of the disease who carry a single copy of the glucocerebrosidase enzyme gene mutation (GBA), that is the most common genetic risk factor for PD. It is believed that Ambroxol may help cells to counter the effect of the GBA mutation by increasing levels of glucocerebrosidase in neurons which is understood to enable cells to better dispose of unwanted toxic proteins such as alpha-synuclein. This trial is supported by the John Black Charitable Foundation and VARI.
Find out more about the online Rapsodi study which aims to provide a platform for identifying the early features of Parkinson's and the role of certain genetic mutations in order to develop new, neuroprotective treatments.
Read Professor Schapira's article: 'Glucocerebrosidase Mutations in Parkinson Disease'.
Deferiprone - FairPaRKwas prioritised by the LCT committee in 2012 and a pan-European study is going ahead thanks to funding by the European Commission's Horizon 2020. Recruitment for the trial is underway. CPT is fully supporting this trial in terms of recruitment and providing information.
By streamlining our trials we provide a foundation to make accurate comparisons between them to then determine the greatest effect for progression into the clinic.
Regenerative medicine offers hope for a fundamental cure and continues to make substantial progress in Parkinson's.
Our Linked Clinical Trials committee annually assesses favourable drugs which, in studies, have demonstrated putative disease-modifying action in Parkinson's - we are actively committed to bringing these to trial.
We are partnered with the Van Andel Research Institute (VARI) - an independent nonprofit biomedical research and science education organisation - for our Linked Clinical Trials programme.


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Entity Name UNITED BOTTLERS SUPPLY CORP.
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Hey Jules! I don't feel guilty about it – I feel relieved… I feel this is the best thing that could happen at this point and I feel satisfied with that.
I was also relieved that Jon Stewart didn't try to take the high road and allowed himself to revel in the moment.
We'll have to time reflect later, right now, it's mission accomplished.
Is that Geraldo? I had no idea he was still alive. Good for him.


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text:
CHD v FCC – Emergency Injunction
Emergency Injunction Filed by Children's Health Defense Against FCC Rule That
Preempts Disability Rights Laws
On March 18, Children's Health Defense (CHD) filed a motion for emergency relief with the US Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit, asking the Court to stay the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Over-the-Air Reception Devices" (OTARD) Rule Amendment, before it goes into effect on 3/29/21. The motion is part of CHD's case that was filed on 2/26/21, challenging the rule amendment.
The amended rule allows property owners to place fixed wireless antennas on their property and, for the first time, to extend wireless data/voice services, including 5G, to users on neighboring properties. The rule purports to facilitate mesh Wi-Fi networks, 5G, and the deployment of the ground infrastructure for SpaceX satellites.
To that end, the amended rule allows the installation of radiation-transmitting antennas on homes while preempting all state and local zoning authority. No permit is required, and homeowners' associations, deed restrictions, and any other state laws are preempted.
The focus of the motions is the preemption of federal and state civil rights laws that protect the disabled and their rights for accommodations. People who are adversely affected will have no right to object to their installation, even though they will be involuntarily exposed to harmful radiation in their homes.
The Movants (Petitioners) claim that if the amended rule goes into effect, they, and any others who develop Radiation Sickness (Electrosensitivity), or other sickness caused/aggravated by wireless technology radiation, may suffer irreparable harm and life-threatening injuries.
The movants include a family physician and mothers of four children who are sick from wireless radiation. CHD's April letter to the FCC was joined by 6,231 people who declared that they and/or their children are sick from wireless radiation
CHD argued that Petitioners are likely to prevail on the merits because the amended rule violates substantive and procedural due process rights, it is unlawful and contrary to the public interest. Therefore, and because of the imminence of the harm, the Court should grant the stay pending a final decision in the case.
The motion was supported by three experts, including Prof. Beatrice Golomb MD. PhD., whose paper showed that the "Mystery Sickness" suffered by US Diplomats was likely caused by pulsed radio-frequencies, the same condition suffered by the Petitioners from wireless technology. Prof. Riina Bray MD Medical Director, Environmental Health Clinic, Women's College Hospital in Toronto that specializes in Radiation Sickness diagnosis, and Dr. Toril Jelter MD a Pediatrician in CA, filed the other two expert opinions.
Prior to the filing of the motion with the Court, CHD filed an administrative motion with the FCC to stay the rule amendment from going into effect until a decision in the case. The Wireless Internet Service Providers Association, which lobbied for the rule amendment, opposed the motion. However, the FCC hasn't ruled on the Motion, and therefore, CHD filed a motion for an emergency injunction with the court.
The Court appointed a three-judge panel to decide on the motion, composed of Judge Judith W. Rogers, Judge Robert L. Wilkins, and Judge Neomi Rao. The court ordered the FCC to file its response by 3/23/21. CHD will be able to file a reply to the FCC's response on 3/24/21. A decision is expected before 3/29/21 when the rule is supposed to go into effect.
"Grave and immediate harm and injustice that will be caused to many including children if this rule goes into effect. For those who are sick, this motion is literally a battle for their right to exist, says said Dafna Tachover, CHD's Director of its Wireless Harms and 5G Project.
The FCC response is due on 3/23/21.
For more information, please contact Dafna Tachover or call 202-599-1461.


text:
In upstate New York, two teenage boys are tasked with cleaning out their father's old mobile home on an abandoned property, only to run afoul of fleeing big-city criminals who have taken refuge in the trailer.
Actors: James Le Gros,
James Le Gros 27 April 1962, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
John Speredakos,
John Speredakos 11 August 1962, New York City, New York, USA
Larry Fessenden,
Larry Fessenden 23 March 1963, New York City, New York, USA
Jack Fessenden,
Jack Fessenden
Asa Spurlock,
Asa Spurlock
Robert Burke Warren,
Robert Burke Warren 29 March 1965, Quantico, Virginia, USA
Kevin Corrigan,
Kevin Corrigan 27 March 1969, The Bronx, New York City, New York, USA
Roger Peltzman,
Roger Peltzman
Erik Kraus,
Erik Kraus 14 February 1963, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
Calder Mansfield,
Calder Mansfield
Fenner Micheline,
Fenner Micheline
Genre: Thriller, Crime, Drama
Director: Jack Fessenden
Get the Girl
My Father Die
American Fable
The Great And The Small
Don't Kill It


text:
Forums / Community / Matchmaking Feedback & Discussion
343 iNDUSTRIES, hALO REACH NEEDS RANKING SYSTEM
OP Blindopoly
Blindopoly
Recruit - Bronze
WHY REACH NEEDS RANKING SYSTEM
I'm writing this in hopes to rally enough views and replies for 343 members to notice. I believe I speak for ALL the MLG community and probably many other "social gamers" when I say Halo: Reach desperately needs a 1-50 ranking system much like Halo 3's.
Since the change from Halo 3 to Halo: Reach, the total number of Halo players has significantly decreased, especially those in the MLG community. In fact, MLG is considering removing Halo: Reach from the circuit next year since not enough people are attending events to compete for competitive Halo. Halo was the reason MLG developed in the first place and it is a shame to watch an ending like this.
I understand my opinion is not the same as some halo fans but I strongly believe incorporating a 1-50 ranking system into the game would benefit, not only Halo, but also MLG. We as an MLG community are tired of the "randomness" and uncompetitive nature of MLG. Upon joining a game, players are seemingly paired up at random. A legitimate "level 50" can easily be placed in a game with a first time player. This makes the entire game no fun for either team (whether it's because it's too easy or too hard). There is no change in matchmaking whether you join solo or with a team. Teams are matched with individuals and individuals are matched with teams. This shouldn't happen.
The competitive side to matchmaking is gone. If you're losing you quit. If you're winning who cares? With a ranking system, players would have a motivation to, not only win, but also not quit. I know I didn't create the game and I'm sure I don't know what's the best "economical decision" overall, however I see nothing outstandingly wrong with incorporating a ranking system (even if only in the MLG playlist).
Overall, this would increase the popularity, competitiveness, and enjoyment of the game while hopefully bringing back enough players for use in the MLG circuit. Matchmaking would be fun again and players would be able to compete at their skill level. The ranking system would bring a strong competitive nature back to the game that has since been lost. PLEASE reply with your thoughts even if you disagree or have different ideas. I want 343 to hear what we, the community, want.
343, if you are reading this, we all love your game, but please consider what I've proposed. I honestly think it will be beneficial to everyone.
-Blindopoly
RhysWX
Spartan - Onyx
TrueSkill ranking is being used to find good matches inside the MLG playlist (and all other playlists as well). However, since almost all of our resources and people are currently committed to Halo 4, we simply don't have the resources available to do what would, by necessity, be a fairly dramatic overhaul of the UI and certain systems to expose that number. This is simply the way Reach was built.
We are willing and happy to continue our work with MLG to fine-tune skill matching within that playlist, the goal being to strike a good balance between competitive games and matchmaking times. We are in constant contact with the MLG officials, so give them your feedback via the normal methods they have in place, and we'll continue working with them to make the MLG playlist the best it can be. Thanks!
Source: http://halo.xbox.com/Forums/yaf_postsm405380_Rank-the-MLG-Playlist--Community-and-Staff-Agree.aspx#post405380
It's not happening.
hHypno
Marine - Bronze
Why do threads like these keep popping up? Maybe 343 should address this in one of their bulletins that Halo Reach WILL NOT be getting a 1-50 ranking system.
Methew
ODST - Onyx
Halo: Reach desperately needs a 1-50 ranking system much like Halo 3's.
No it doesn't.
Since the change from Halo 3 to Halo: Reach, the total number of Halo players has significantly decreased,
Which all can be directly traced back to the lack of 1-50 right? I suppose you'll be posting your proof directly after this.
A legitimate "level 50" can easily be placed in a game with a first time player.
Which is because MLG's population is extremely low. The game by default is set to make a match, no matter the quality, since it would be better than having you wait for three hours on end for a single game or kicking you back to the menus.
Also: Reach won't be getting 1-50.
kaine nar rano
ODST - Bronze
There is no chance whatsoever that Halo Reach needs a 1-50 rank system since it already had the arena playlist.
A Haunted Army
Spartan - Iron
reach has 2 ranking systems.
| the park | halo 4 forge contest |
eMeRaLcl
Recruit - Onyx
Just have to wait for Halo4, hopefully it will be ranked a little better.
H2O Kylo Ren
Just wait for Halo 4 to come out, hopefully it will have a ranking system.
Grumbledock
Funny thing, the majority of any Halo games population have always been playing social, unranked playlists. In Reach, most playlists are unranked and despite that the population is low, maybe, maybe OP rank has nothing to do with it?
It might have to do with lacking weapon balance, broken gameplay/sandbox and crappy p2p MM?
Reach won't get 1-50, it's been said over and over again, and even if it did it wouldn't change anything.


I believe in God the Father Almighty creator of heaven and earth; and in Jesus Christ, his only Son our Lord, who was conceived by the power of the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary, Suffered under Pontius Pilot, was crucified, died and was buried. He descended into hell. On the third day he arose from the dead; He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of God the Father Almighty. He shall come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Holy Catholic Church, the Communion of Saints, the forgiveness of sins, the resurrection of the body and in life everlasting.


text:
Georgia boy mows lawns of elderly, disabled and veterans for free
Jesse Ward, 9, has spent the last two weeks mowing lawns for members of his community
Author: Bre'onna Richardson
Updated: 12:47 PM CDT August 11, 2020
WARNER ROBINS, Ga. — For the past two weeks, 9-year-old Jesse Ward has helped out members of his community.
He mows lawns for the elderly, disabled, veterans and single mothers.
"Some people, they can't cut their grass, they have to hire somebody to do it," Ward said. "I'm doing this for free."
He's taking part in a service initiative called the 50 Yard Challenge, which was founded by Rodney Smith from Alabama.
Smith encourages youth ages 7-17 to mow 50 lawns in their communities free of charge. He mails each kid a t-shirt, earplugs and safety glasses to get them started.
So far he's mowed three lawns – two for single mothers and one for an elderly couple.
Jesse plans to cut all 50 yards by the end of October. Everyone has been grateful for his good deed.
"One person said, 'This is the best my yard has ever looked.' And then the other person said, 'My yard looks really good, thank you,'" he said.
Jesse's family has been supportive along the way. His mom, Jennifer Ward, created a Facebook page for Jesse to document his progress and to connect with people needing their lawn done.
"He enjoys doing it. Just because he feels good about himself doing it, like paying it forward for someone, so it makes me feel good that it makes him happy," Jennifer said.
If you're in need of getting your lawn cut, you can connect with Jesse on his Facebook group, Jesse's 50 Yard Challenge.
For more information on joining the 50 Yard Challenge, you can sign up online.
Heartwarming video captured moment toddler hears his mom's voice for the first time
The 'senior senior:' 81-year-old becomes Georgia Gwinnett College's oldest graduate
Georgia woman receives nearly 10,000 cards from around the world for her 105th birthday


text:
Business Investors Watch List World News
Restaurants Demanding Insurance Coverage
March 16, 2020 Maria Quddus	buy insurance coverage, Insurance Agents, Insurance Carrier, Insurance Coverage, Insurance Policy, w coverage insurance
A restaurant filed a lawsuit on Monday asking a state judge, will its insurance coverage cover the damages in response to the coronavirus shutdown.
A restaurant in the heart of the New Orleans tourism district filed a lawsuit on Monday asking a state judge to declare that its business-interruption policy will its insurance coverage cover the damages if it is ordered to close by civil authorities in response to the coronavirus.
Although it was not yet clear on Monday whether an emergency order by Gov. John Edwards would force the closure of the Oceana Grill, attorney John W. Houghtaling II said it would be irresponsible not to get in front of the issue and protect his client's rights. He said insurance agents around the country possibly being coaxed by insurers have been irresponsibly telling business owners that their business-interruption policies won't cover shutdowns caused by coronavirus.
"I can't imagine how defense counsel are going to walk into court and say that coronavirus does not cause damage to property, or contaminate property," said Houghtaling, who is majority owner of Gautheir Murphy & Houghtaling in Metairie, Louisiana. "I've talked to restaurant owners from here to New York City and they all being told the exact same thing by their agents."
A Dallas attorney who represents insurance carriers said the lawsuit is premature.
"The normal process is for the policyholder to file a claim, let the insurance company evaluate the coverages under the policy, and then determined whether coverage exists," said Steven J. Badger, a partner with Zelle LLP.
The Oceana Grill serves up Cajon fare in a sprawling space that seats 500 at the corner of Conti and Bourbon Streets in the French Quarter. Normally the restaurant is packed even on weekdays, Houghtaling said, but the coronavirus has thinned the hordes of tourists who usually prowl Boubon Street.
New Orleans Mayor LaToya Cantrell on Monday ordered all restaurants in the city to limit operations to delivery only. That follows an order by the governor on Friday that barred any congregations of more than 250 people.
Houghtaling argues in a petition filed with the Orleans Parish Civil District Court that any damages caused by a shutdown are a "real physical loss" that is covered by Oceana's business interruption policy with Lloyds of London syndicates. The policy does have an exclusion for viruses or pandemics, the suit says.
In a telephone interview, Houghtaling said his client could have self-insured for a business interruption, but chose to set aside a portion of its earnings to buy insurance coverage. He said he became concerned that Lloyd's would deny coverage after reading a column posted online last week by Zelle attorney Shannon O'Malley that asserted coronavirus shutdowns do not cause direct physical loss or damage to property and would not be covered. Zelle often represents Lloyds in coverage disputes.Houghtaling argues that coronavirus lives on surfaces for as long as 28 days, particularly in humid areas at temperatures below 84 degrees. "It is clear that contamination of the insured premises by the coronavirus would be a direct physical loss needed remediation to clean the sources of the establishment," the petition says.
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