text:
Q: AttributeError: module 'discord' has no attribute 'ui' when trying to create button in discord.py I would like to know how to make a button using discord.py.
This would be an example of what I want:

My Code:
import discord
from discord.ext import commands

client=commands.Bot(command_prefix=".")

class Buttons(discord.ui.View):
    def __init__(self, *, timeout=180):
        super().__init__(timeout=timeout)
    @discord.ui.button(label="Button",style=discord.ButtonStyle.gray)
    async def gray_button(self,button:discord.ui.Button,interaction:discord.Interaction):
        await interaction.response.edit_message(content=f"This is an edited button response!")

@client.command()
async def button(ctx):
    await ctx.send("This message has buttons!",view=Buttons())

token=""
client.run(token)

Error
discord.ext.commands.errors.CommandInvokeError: Command raised an exception: AttributeError: module 'discord' has no attribute 'ui'

A: You need to update to version 2.0 instead of 1.7.3 using pip install -U git+https://github.com/Rapptz/discord.py


This course, organized as a mixture of lectures, hands-on and discussion sessions, is about understanding Linked (Open) Data and how it can be used in science and innovation studies.
the motivations behind publishing Linked (Open) Data compared to the traditional centralized data silos. Then, we will discuss the basic principles and building blocks of the Linked Data.
the knowledge and tools required to generate, store, query, analyze, and visualize Linked Data.
Throughout the lectures, we will provide hands-on sessions for people to practice and interact with Linked Data in the domain of science and innovation studies. We will demonstrate how the data available within RISIS can be linked to, and in that way enriched by, open data. Various services embedded in the Semantically Mapping Science (SMS) platform will be used for this.
No previous knowledge of Linked Open Data is required. Previous experience with programming and database technology will be helpful, but is not strictly required. Participants are expected to bring their own laptops for the hands-on sessions.
Please send us your CV together with a brief motivation letter if you are interested in joining the course. Deadline is 10 March.
Further details of the course and how to register can be found here.


In a bid to reduce congestion at toll gates on national highways, the government has launched a mobile application through which highway users can buy FASTags (radio frequency identification or RFID cards). The cards would be delivered to the users' doorsteps within 24 hours.
A FASTag is linked to an account where the user adds money. When the vehicle approaches the lane at a toll plaza, a sensor reads the tag attached to the front windscreen of the vehicle, deducts the fee and the gate opens. The users will be able to recharge their toll cars on the newly launched mobile app.
Cars and other four-wheeler users that have inbuilt RFID installed on their vehicles by manufacturers will also be able to activate the tags through NHAI app.
Almost 74 four-wheelers manufactured after 2013 have inbuilt RFID tags but they were yet to be connected to the servers of the Indian Highways Management Company. "A separate app has been launched through which people who already have RFID tags inbuilt in their vehicles would be able to activate it," an NHAI official said.
After abolishing border check posts, the government is working on unclogging toll gates to speed up freight transportation.
The movement on highways post the GST implementation has become smoother as border check-posts have been removed. Goods-laden trucks now log an average 325 km every day compared with 200 km earlier.
Now, the government wants to unclog the highways further and electric toll collection remains the only solution as recently courts have ordered removal of several toll gates because of high congestion leading to revenue loss for the highway developers and the government.
"Toll tags bought from the mobile application would be delivered within 24 hours. Users can also buy them from NHAI and bank websites and Common Services Centre (CSC) near toll plazas. The users will be able to recharge their toll cars on the newly launched mobile app," the official explained.


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text:
PUSH-PULL FAREWELL - MIDDLEWICH STATION 1966
by Dave Roberts
Our somewhat enigmatic title probably won't mean a lot to non-railway fans, but those who take an interest in the history of our railways will probably know just what we are talking about.
As we explained here push-pull trains were really steam powered forerunners to the electric and diesel multiple unit trains of today and one of them, the renowned 'Dodger', worked on the Sandbach-Middlewich-Northwich line for forty-eight years from 1911 until the passenger service ended in the final days of 1959.
We're fortunate that we can date the two photographs in the diary entry exactly, and also attribute them to their original source, courtesy of railway author Alan Wilkinson who lived in Middlewich and has written extensively on the subject of railways, including the Middlewich line.
The information we have on these photographs comes from Alan's excellent 'Railways Across Mid-Cheshire' (Foxline [Publications] Ltd), published a few years ago.
Although the photographs we're featuring here were not included in Alan's book another one taken at the same time was, and so we feel safe in attributing these photographs as we have.
The occasion was a 'Pull and Push Farewell' railtour operated by the Locomotive Club of Great Britain (hence the LCGB headboard) on the 5th February 1966 and the engine is seen in the top picture taking on water at Middlewich station.
To the left is Middlewich signal box and its coal bunker which survived into recent times as seen here.
In the second picture we can get a glimpse of the Crewe-bound platform and its waiting-room which was burned down, not too long after this picture was taken, by railway workers burning grass on the embankment behind the station.
Note the MIDDLEWICH signboard on the signal box. There were two, and one of them is in the safe keeping of the Middlewich Rail Link Campaign. Where the other one ended up remains a mystery, but it's highly unlikely that one sign would be saved and not the other.
The locomotive used for this railtour was, as can be seen, no 41286.
Her classmate, no 41229, was the regular engine on the 'Dodger' and continued to work on the line until 1965, pulling a Crewe-Northwich parcels train each day.
She was finally withdrawn in 1966.
Update 24th April 2018:
When this diary entry was first published I received a note from an old Crewe engine driver telling me that the Sandbach- Middlewich - Northwich motor trains were considered 'light duties' and were usually in the hands of drivers who were recovering from accidents or illness.
They even had their own local expression for someone thought to be 'swinging the lead' or 'not pulling his weight'. Such a person was said to be 'On The Dodger' - i.e. 'taking it easy'.
The push-pull apparatus, part of which can be seen at the side of the smoke-box of no 41286 in our main picture, is interesting.
I keep finding reports that it was very often disconnected and the train controlled by 'a system of whistles', though quite how that would work I'm not sure.
I wonder if there was something in those old engine men which told them that their rightful place was on the footplate rather than in a passenger coach?
So it's possible that these trains could have been worked by ordinary tank locos.
Even so, the locos based at Crewe were all fitted with the apparatus, even if it wasn't always used.
MIDDLEWICH RAIL LINK CAMPAIGN (MRLC) The archived Middlewich Rail Link Campaign website, including the story of the campaign from 1992 until it was relaunched in 2015 as the Mid-Cheshire Rail Link Campaign.
MID-CHESHIRE RAIL LINK CAMPAIGN (Facebook)
First published 24th April 2012
Re-formatted and re-published 24th April 2018
Posted by SALT TOWN PRODUCTIONS at Tuesday, April 24, 2018
Labels: 1966, 41229, 41286, LCGB RAILTOUR 1966, MIDDLEWICH STATION 1966, PUSH and PULL FAREWELL, WILKINSON ALAN
FOUNTAIN FIELDS SIGNS 1974 and 2011
MIDDLEWICH ROSE FETE AND CHILDREN'S FESTIVAL 2018
BEFORE THE MIDDLEWICH DIARY: PIAZZA PROTEST
MUSIC IN MIDDLEWICH: ROCK THE VOTE 2018 (ARCHIVED)
THE SIXTH MIDDLEWICH MEXON STREET MARKET, 21st APR...
CRAFT AND LOCAL BUSINESS MARKET 22nd APRIL 2018
ROYAL VISIT TO MIDDLEWICH 1946
MIDDLEWICH 5K 2018, 22nd APRIL 2018 (ARCHIVED)
FAMILIAR MIDDLEWICH FACES IN FAMILIAR MIDDLEWICH P...
CHAIRMAN'S SUNDAY 1940s (2)
MIDDLEWICH DIARY EDITORIAL APRIL 2018
CHAIRMAN'S SUNDAY 1940s
MIDDLEWICH PARISH CHURCH EARLY 20th CENTURY
PATRIOTIC VERSES ON INN SIGNS AT MIDDLEWICH
MIDDLEWICH WHAT'S ON GUIDE 2018
THE VENABLES SCREENS PROJECT
THE MIDDLEWICH SONG by Dom Collins

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In a natural oak finish Oslo's style is modern, including cabinets and sideboards with a contemporary outline; but with subtle detailing and soft shapes the range remains understated. Detailing includes shaped legs, whose easy organic lines belie the complexity of manufacture. The shaped edge to the top panels echoes the softness of Danish design with Scandinavian influences. A high level of craftsmanship is used in creating the organic shapes in the range.


text:
Orbmagazine
New York Sotto Voce
THE NEWS DISSECTOR & FACTS CONNECTOR
Editor@Orbmagazine.com
Vol. 3 - No. 5
PUBLISHED IN THE SOUTH BRONX
© MMXVI Orb Media LLC
Wendi Deng is On the Move—She's Been "Seeing" Vladimir Putin, Attending Fashion Shows, & Has Joined the Board at 834 Fifth
Tsar Vladimir devotes special attention to Sino-Soviet relations
Has Wendi Deng been "seeing" Vladimir Putin? That's the rumor we heard, from one of the most prominent and worldly citizens of NY and London, a person who had been around a long time and never known to have been wrong.
The Deng-Putin putative dalliance was first bandied about three years ago, but the rumor keeps coming back, from well-informed lips. Actually, it makes sense: Wendi is a pal of David Geffen, who is a buddy of Roman Abramovich, who is a dear comrade of President Putin. See? Only three degrees of separation.
Of course, if they have been having clandestine assignations, it will remain a state secret, and we won't know for sure until Tsar Vladimir wants us to know. But if it is true, it won't be the first head of government the Sino siren has seduced. As first reported in Vanity Fair, Wendi had a torrid romance with Tony Blair after he left 10 Downing Street, and that was the proximate cause of her divorce from Rupert Murdoch.
Wendi and Anna like to hang out, discussing fashion, diets, Russian autocrats, and other mutual interests
ORB SAYS: If Vlad and Wend are indeed copulating in The Kremlin, good for them. Neither is currently married, and they have their Communist childhoods as fodder for post-coital conversation.
What we do know about Madame Deng is that she has been elected to the board of directors at 834 Fifth Avenue, the stately Rosario Candela coop at the corner of 64th street. She acquired its triplex penthouse (once the home of Laurance Rockefeller) in her divorce settlement with Murdoch, and resides there with her two daughters by the press lord. An insider told us, "The stuffy grandees in the building were horrified when she first moved in, but they've gotten used to her and they thought 'if she wants the job, which is tedious, why not give it to her.'"
Wendi, who kept a low profile for a couple of years after her frosty divorce (she contested the pre-nup in court), is now raising it. At the very moment Mr. Murdoch was tying the knot with Jerry Hall in London, Wendi was just across the Channel attending the haute couture, sitting in the front row with Anna Wintour and beaming for the paps.
At the very moment these two lovebirds were pledging their troths in London, Rupert's third wife Wendi was staging a photo op at a fashion show in Paris
By the by, Wendy told The NY Times a few weeks ago she has become close friends with Geffen. According to her, they have been taking walks together in the park, enjoying cozy movie screenings, and sailing around on his yacht—make that yachts. All strictly platonic, but of course.
Speaking of Mr. Geffen, the gut renovation he is undertaking on the vast penthouse at 785 Fifth Avenue that he bought from Denise Rich for $54 million is causing a commotion. Last week, building residents Howard and Gloria Schwartz filed a lawsuit against him and his contractors asking for $2.5 million. They claim the two elevator hoists erected on the 60th street side have caused cracks in their walls and marble floors, plus "ear-splitting" noise and black soot, all leading to health problems such as high blood pressure and cardiac issues. The court papers say 17 other shareholders submitted claims to Geffen, but he has resolved only six and has ignored the Schwartzes. It must be a helluva bachelor pad that Charles Foster Kane, er Mr. Geffen, is constructing high atop 785.
We're betting that the thrillionaire, who is a sporting fellow, will make his neighbors whole and then invite them upstairs for a housewarming party, which Wendi will co-host—unless she happens to be in Moscow that week.
The 377-foot Pelorus, which David Geffen bought from Roman Abramovich for $ 300 million. It has a crew of 41 and accommodates 18 guests. It is believed that this is the boat where Wendi Deng was introduced to Vladimir Putin, probably by his close friend Abramovich. But the astonishing fact is that this is not the largest yacht owned by Mr. Geffen—his Rising Sun is 453 feet long. ORB SAYS: It's always prudent to have two yachts, in case one runs out of petrol.
Report: Rupert Murdoch's Ex Finds a Man Even More Evil
Jordan Sargent
jordan@gawker.com
@jordansarge
Wendi Deng was married to Rupert Murdoch for 14 years before they divorced in 2013 amidst rumors that Deng had been cheating on the founder of News Corp. with Tony Blair, the ex-prime minister of the United Kingdom. (Both parties deny this.) With one, maybe two of the world's most prominent morally questionable, gross men down, you may ask, who else is there left to romance? Who could be ickier or more morally repugnant than Rupert Muroch? According to Us Weekly, the paper of record for international intrigue, she has found someone who fits the bill: Vladimir Putin.
Per Us:
How's this for a new couple alert? The rumor circulating around the corridors of power — from Washington, D.C., to Europe and Asia — is that Vladimir Putin and Wendi Deng, Rupert Murdoch's ex-wife, are dating.
Reports of the pair have been floating around for years, ever since their respective divorces in 2014 and 2013.
One insider close to the powerful leader tells Us Weekly the relationship is "serious."
The source of the rumors cited by Us is unclear, but at the very least writers have been fantasizing about this pairing since Deng's divorce from Murdoch. Journalist Virginia Heffernan apparently made a Pinterest page imagining a relationship between Deng and Putin, and author Gary Shteyngart tweeted this on the day the divorce was reported:
As recently as six days ago, a website called Orb Magazine reported that Deng and Putin were an item, citing "one of the most prominent and worldly citizens of NY and London." (Lindsay Lohan????)
I wonder what they talk about.
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The Imminent Wedding of Rupert Murdoch & Jerry Hall Delights their Ten Children, Elates Mick Jagger, and Deflates Wendi Deng
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The "Private Residence" Where Mary-Kate Olsen Wed Olivier Sarkozy is their own Fairy-Tale Castle
in Turtle Bay
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Posted at June 25, 2018, by O. QUENUM.
Is the Cyber-Security of your Small or Medium Enterprise effective and sustainable ? Are you sure that your website (especially Wordpress) minimizes Cyber-Security vulnerabilities ?
Two decades ago, the motivation of cyber-hackers was mainly the "glorious feat". As a result, the more the cyber-victim was famous, the more the "glorious feat" was in the middle of the media… That's why cyber-hackers targeted larger companies or larger organizations… Today, the motivation of cyber-hackers is more financial than the "glorious feat".
SMEs remain out of Cyber-Security aware, and they offer an attractive alternative due to their large number. Indeed, a huge number of "small profits" are preferred to few "big profits". This is especially so because the "small profits" are yielded by easy cyber-attacks against SMEs and the "big profits" are yielded by increasingly difficult cyber-attacks against large companies.
As a result, as long as SMEs will remain cyber-vulnerable, the cyber-attacks of SMEs will keep increasing, such as a growing wave of cyber-attacks or "Cyber-Tsunami".
How to take shelter from such a "Cyber-Tsunami"?
Web site URL vulnerabilities that may facilitate "Brute Force" attacks via faked URL requests. For instance, a website Backup service can be hijacked to steal sensitive data from the website (or the web server), configuration file containing passwords in plain text, source code, log file or other.
This vector is particularly critical in the case of a WordPress website, but we will further this within the related chapter below.
Vulnerabilities in the storage of sensitive data (for examples: passwords of salaries and users).
Risks related to the phenomenon of "Bring your own device" or the difficulty of identifying the devices connected to the network of the company.
Failure to raise salaries' awareness of Cyber-Security risks or failure to apply Cyber-Security measures due to constraints that ignore current practices (for example: e-mails and their attachments that are main vectors for broadcasting malwares and ransomwares).
A cyber-attack is usually headed by an exploration of Cyber-Security vulnerabilities. Such an exploration is made easier if the cyber-hackers have some technical clues about the targeted website architecture. That is the case with WordPress, which is an open source. However the attractiveness of WordPress by cyber-hackers is not only due to the fact that its sources are open, but especially to its unbound number of plugins. Indeed, if WordPress itself is kept fairly cyber-secure (via regular updates), the Cyber-Security vulnerabilities come along with installed WordPress plugins, while such an installation is too often frenzied. According to the attempts of cyber-attacks detected by my "cyber-watchdog" on my WordPress website at a daily basis, the cyber-attacks seek to hijack the services offered by the WordPress plugins (active or not). I don't wish to share too much sensitive technical details here, not to be useful for aspiring cyber-hackers. However I would like you to get aware your WordPress installation may well prove to be subject to hijacking. For instance, if you have installed a WordPress plugin that allows you to backup your website, it can be hijacked in order to download the "wp-config.php" file. Recall, the "wp-config.php" file contains sensitive data, for example the database password. Similarly, this backup service can be hijacked in order to download web server passwords (/etc/passwd). Beside the backup service, a WordPress "Slider" extension can also be hijacked in order to download the "wp-config.php" file or other sensitive data on the web server. To fight against such a potential hijacking of services offered by tens of thousands of WordPress plugins, the effective solution requires STRICTLY FILTERING the incoming requests on the website, in order to reject the parasites… Please note that such a FILTERING must be provided by judicious rules covering the types of attempted cyber-attacks rather than singular cases. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the level of Cyber-Security of each installed WordPress plugin. Warning, a deactivated WordPress plugin could be nevertheless hijacked by cyber-attacks.
To effectively meet this requirement of the company, it is necessary to set up a continuous improvement process for your effective Cyber-Security. Indeed, this must be the answer to such a high Critical Risk that is changing regularly and getting more and more malicious.
Implement or update the "Request Filtering Rules" for website visitors, considering the types of cyber-attacks, and taking into account the business process of the company and the practices (human factor). This is what I named a "Cyber-Watchdog" that is trained to detect and reject cyber-attacks within real time.
Is the Cyber-Security of your Small or Medium Enterprise effective and sustainable?
Are you sure that your website (especially Wordpress) minimizes Cyber-Security vulnerabilities?
Let Establish a Cyber-Security diagnosis that yields a report of vulnerabilities and recommendations.
Thanks to the Augmented Press, this diagram was made in 3D within only few cliks.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\bigskip
Gauss was the first mathematician who studied knots mathematically in the 1800s.
Reidemeister and Alexander (around 1930), were able to make significant progress in knot
theory, which  has been a very dynamic branch of topology especially after the discovery
of the Jones polynomial in 1984 and its connections with quantum field theory, as well as
some concrete applications in the study of enzymes acting on DNA strands  \cite{Mur}.\\
The reverse of an oriented knot $K$ is defined as the same knot with the opposite
orientation. Vertibility seems to be very difficult to detect.
The connection between knot theory and braid theory was discovered in
1923 by Alexander. He proved that every oriented knot or link is isotopic to a closed
braid \cite{Ban}.\\
In \cite{Lie}, Lieven Le Bruyn introduced some simple representations of the braid group $B_3$ that are able to separate the braids of the following knots from their reversed braids, $6_3$, $7_5$, $8_7$, $8_9$, $8_{10}$ and $8_{17}$ which is the first
non-invertible kont with minimal number of crossings. All these knots have at most 8 crossings and
are closures of 3-string braids.
The braid $b=\sigma_1^{-2}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2$
is the braid whose closure is the knot $8_{17}$, and the braid $b'=\sigma_2^2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-2}$
is the reversed braid of $b$.
It turns out  that the trace of the braid $b$ is different from the trace of the reversed braid $b'$
for sufficiently large $B_3$-representations. Bruce Westbury discovered 12-dimensional
representations of $B_3$ that are able to detect a braid from its reversed braid \cite{We}.\\
In section 2,  we state some essential definitions and theorems.
In section 3, we present some basic results about detecting vertibility and separating braids of some
knots from their reversed braids using representations of $B_3$, the braid group on three strings.
In \cite{Lie}, Lieven Le Bruyn was able to detect reversions
using simple representations of $B_3$. In fact, the author in \cite{Lie} discovered a 6-dimensional
representation of $B_3$ which separates a braid of the knot $8_{17}$ from its reversed braid. The
knots inspected by Lieven were $6_3,7_5,8_7,8_9,8_{10}$, and $8_{17}$ which is the non-invertible knot with minimal number of crossings.
In section 4, we construct a family of block representations of $B_3$ of dimension 6.
In section 5, we prove that some complex specializations of the block representations, constructed in
section 4, are able to separate braids from their reversed braids of the above knots, in addition to
some knots of 9 and 10 crossings like $9_{6}$, $9_{9}$ and $10_{5}$.
Note that, even if 3-braid $\alpha$ is not conjugate to the reversed braid $\alpha'$, this does not
mean that the closure of $\alpha$ is non-invertible. In fact, $8_{17}$ is the only non-invertible
knot with minimal number of crossings, and of which the braid coming from the knot is separated
from its reversed braid. In order to apply Theorem 2.2, section 2, to show
that the closure of 3-braid $\alpha$ is non-invertible, one needs to show (i) that $\alpha$ is not
conjugate to $\alpha'$ and (ii) that $\alpha$ is not conjugate to certain type of braids (flypes).
In this paper, section 5, we work on the separation of braids from their reversed braids and
we construct a table of some knots with their braids listed there.
In addition to separating braids with at most 8 crossings from their reversed braids, we extend such results to include some knots of 9 and 10 crossings as $9_6$, $9_9$ and $10_5$.

\bigskip
\section{Definitions and theorems}
\medskip
\begin{defn} \cite{Bir}
The braid group on $n$ strings,  $B_n$, is the abstract group with the presentation
$$B_n=\langle \sigma_1,\cdots,\sigma_{n-1} | \sigma_i\sigma_j=\sigma_j\sigma_i\text{ for }|i-j|>1\text{ and }\sigma_i\sigma_{i+1}\sigma_i=\sigma_{i+1}\sigma_{i}\sigma_{i+1}\\
\text{ for }i=1,\cdots,n-2\rangle.$$
\end{defn}

\begin{defn}\cite{Cro}
A knot $K$ is the image of a homeomorphism of a unit circle $S^1$ into $\mathbb{R}^3$ considered up to continuous deformations (ambient isotopies) in the following sense.\\
Two knots $K_1$ and $K_2$ are equivalent (isotopic) if there exists a continuous mapping $H:\mathbb{R}^3\times[0,1]\to\mathbb{R}^3$ such that
\begin{enumerate}
\item For every $t\in[0,1]$ the mapping $x\mapsto H(x,t)$ is a homeomorphism of $\mathbb{R}^3$ onto $\mathbb{R}^3$
\item $H(x,0)=x$ for all $x\in\mathbb{R}^3$.
\item $H(K_1,1)=K_2$
\end{enumerate}
Such mapping $H$ is called ambient isotopy.
\end{defn}

\begin{defn
A link is a finite union of pairwise disjoint knots, which are called the components of the link.
\end{defn}

A closed braid is a braid in which the corresponding ends of its strings are connected in pairs. This means that every braid can be closed up to be a knot or a link. Now, we have the following theorem.
\begin{thm}Alexander's Theorem\cite{Ban}
Every knot or link can be represented as a closed braid.
\end{thm}
\begin{figure}[h]

\hfil\epsfig{file=Knot7-5.png, width=1.25in}\hfil
\caption{\label{fig} Knot $7_5$}
\vspace{.7cm}
\resizebox{10cm}{2cm}{
\begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{knot}
\strand[red,ultra thick]  (0,0) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0) ..controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0) ..controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0) ..controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0);

\strand[blue,ultra thick] (0,-1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1);

\strand[violet,ultra thick] (0,-2) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1);

\crossing{2-3-1}{2}
\crossing{2-3-2}{3}
\crossing{2-3-3}{2}
\crossing{2-3-4}{3}
\crossing{1-2-1}{1}
\crossing{1-3-1}{3}
\crossing{2-3-5}{2}
\crossing{2-3-6}{3}
\end{knot}
\end{tikzpicture}
}
\caption{Representative braid of $7_5$: $\sigma_1^{4}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2$ }

\end{figure}
Every knot or Link may be closure of many braids even with different number of strings. However, Markov's theorem gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the closures of two braids to give equivalent knots or links \cite{Ban}. One of the sufficient conditions is conjugation. That is, if two braids are conjugate then their closures are equivalent links. For example, the braids $\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-3}\sigma_2^3$ and $\sigma_2^3\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-3}$ are associated with the same knot $8_9$.

\begin{defn}\cite{Fra}
The minimal number of strings needed in braid to represent a knot or link $K$ is called the braid index of $K$.
\end{defn}
\begin{defn}
The reverse of a braid of the form $\sigma_1^{n_1}\sigma_2^{m_1}\sigma_1^{n_2}\sigma_2^{m_2}\cdots\sigma_1^{n_k}\sigma_2^{m_k}$ is the braid $\sigma_2^{m_k}\sigma_1^{n_k}\cdots\sigma_2^{m_2}\sigma_1^{n_2}\sigma_2^{m_1}\sigma_1^{n_1},$ where $n_1,m_1,\cdots, n_k,m_k$ are integers.
\end{defn}
\begin{defn}\cite{Cro}
A knot is said to be invertible if it can be deformed continuously to itself, but with the orientation reversed.
\end{defn}
Before stating the next theorem, we need these definitions.
\begin{defn}\cite{BirM}
A knot of braid index 3 is said to admit a flype  if its associated braids are conjugate to a braid of the form$$\sigma_1^a\sigma_2^b\sigma_1^c\sigma_2^{\epsilon}$$ for some integers $a,b,c$, $\epsilon=\pm1$.
\end{defn}

\begin{figure}[h]
\resizebox{10cm}{2cm}{
\begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{knot}
\strand[red,ultra thick]  (0,0) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0) ..controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1) ..controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1) ..controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1);

\strand[blue,ultra thick] (0,-1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,0);

\strand[violet,ultra thick] (0,-2) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1) .. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,-1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1).. controls +(1,0) and +(-1,0) .. ++(2,1);

\crossing{1-3-1}{1}
\crossing{1-3-2}{3}
\crossing{1-3-3}{1}
\crossing{2-3-1}{3}
\crossing{2-3-2}{2}
\crossing{2-3-3}{3}

\end{knot}

\end{tikzpicture}
}
\caption{Representative braid of $6_3$: $\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2\sigma_1^{-2}\sigma_2$}
\end{figure}

\begin{defn}
A flype is said to be non-degenerate when its associated braid $\sigma_1^a\sigma_2^b\sigma_1^c\sigma_2^{\epsilon}$ and its reverse $\sigma_2^{\epsilon}\sigma_1^c\sigma_2^b\sigma_1^a$ are in distinct conjugacy classes.
\end{defn}

\begin{thm}\cite{BirM}\label{th1}
Let $\mathcal{K}$ be a link of braid index 3 with oriented 3-braid representative $K$. Then $\mathcal{K}$ is non-invertible if and only if $K$ and its reverse braid $K'$  are in distinct conjugacy classes, and $K$ does not contain a representative which admits a non-degenerate flype.
\end{thm}
\bigskip

\section{Basic results}
\medskip

There is an infinite family of non-invertible knots, \cite{Tro}. The knot $8_{17}$, which is the closure of the braid $\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2\sigma_1^{-2}\sigma_2$, is the unique non-invertible knot with a minimal number of crossings. The following table gives the numbers of non-invertible and invertible knots according to their number of crossings up to 16 \cite{Mur}.

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{1.5cm}|> {}c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
Number of crossings & $3$ & $4$ & $5$ & $6$ & $7$ & $8$ & $9$ & $10$ & $11$ & $12$ & $13$ & $14$ & $15$ & $16$\\
\hline
Non-invertible & $0$ & $0$ & $0$ & $0$ & $0$ & $1$ & $2$ & $33$ & $187$ & $1144$ & $6919$ & $38118$ & $226581$ &$1309875$ \\
\hline
Invertible & $1$ & $1$ & $2$ & $3$ & $7$ & $20$ & $47$ & $132$ & $365$ & $1032$ & $3069$ & $8854$ & $267121$ &$78830$\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\vspace{.5cm}
Notice that some non-invertible knots, referred to in the table above, are: $8_{17}$, $9_{32}$, $9_{33}$, $10_{67}$, $10_{80}$, $10_{81}$, $10_{83}$, for more details see \cite{Mur}.\\
Imre Tuba and Hans Wenzl introduced a complete classification of all simple $B_3$-representations of dimension $\leq5$ \cite{Tub}. We easily check that none of these representations can detect invertibility.\\
Bruce Westbury found a representation of dimension 12 that is able to detect a braid from its reversed braid by taking traces. The question, which was raised after that, was about determining the minimal dimension of a $B_3$-representation which detects knot vertibility.\\
Lieven Le Bruyn proposed a general method to solve the separation problems for three string braids
\cite{Lie}. In fact, he succeeded to solve Westbury's separation problem using simple representations of $B_3$ of dimension 6. A specific representation of $B_3$ is given by the matrices

$$\sigma_1= \begin{pmatrix}
p+1&p-1&p-1&p-1&-p+1&-p+1\\
-2p-1&-1&-2p-1&2p+1&-2p-1&2p+1\\
p+2&p+2&-p&-p-2&-p-2&p+2\\
-p-2&-3p&p+2&-p+2&3p&-p-2\\
p-1&-p+1&3p+3&-p+1&3p+1&-3p-3\\
-3&-2p-1&2p+1&3&2p+1&-2p-3\\
\end{pmatrix},$$\\
$$\sigma_2= \begin{pmatrix}
p+1&p-1&p-1&-p+1&p-1&p-1\\
-2p-1&-1&-2p-1&-2p-1&2p+1&-2p-1\\
p+2&p+2&-p&p+2&p+2&-p-2\\
p+2&3p&-p-2&-p+2&3p&-p-2\\
-p+1&p-1&-3p-3&-p+1&3p+1&-3p-3\\
3&2p+1&-2p-1&3&2p+1&-2p-3\\
\end{pmatrix},$$\\

where $p$ is a primitive third root of unity.
This representation seems to be able to separate a braid of the knot $8_{17}$ from its reversed braid \cite{Lie}.\\

Lieven Le Bruyn constructed Zariski dense family of simple $B_3$-representations, which are able to detect vertibility of knots, having at most 8 crossings, and which are closures of 3-string braids. The knots inspected by Lieven were $6_3,7_5,8_7,8_9,8_{10}$ (which are 'flypes')
and $8_{17}$ which is the non-invertible knot with minimal number of crossings.
\bigskip

\section{Constructing block representations of $B_3$ of dimension 6}
\medskip
In this section, we construct representations of the braid group $B_3$ of dimension six. Let $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$ be $3\times3$ non-zero matrices. Let $\rho$ be a mapping from $B_3$ to $M_6(\mathbb{C})$, the vector space of $6\times6$ matrices over the complex vector space $\mathbb{C}$.
This mapping is given by
$$\rho(\sigma_1)=\left(\begin{matrix}
A&B\\
C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right)\quad\text{and}\quad
\rho(\sigma_2)=\left(\begin{matrix}
A&-B\\
-C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right),$$\\\\
where $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$ are the generators of $B_3$.
\begin{prop}
The mapping $\rho:B_3\to GL(6,\mathbb{C})$ defines a representation of the braid group $B_3$ if and only if $\det(\rho(\sigma_i))\neq0$ $(i=1,2)$ and the matrices $A$, $B$, $C$ and $D$ satisfy the following relations.
\begin{itemize}
\item[] \begin{equation}\label{E2}
 A^2B-BCB-ABD+BD^2=0
\end{equation}
\item[] \begin{equation}\label{E3}
 CA^2-DCA-CBC+D^2C=0
\end{equation}
\end{itemize}
\end{prop}

\begin{proof}
Recall that the generators $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$ of the braid group $B_3$ satisfy the relation $\sigma_1\sigma_2\sigma_1=\sigma_2\sigma_1\sigma_2$. Then $\rho(\sigma_1\sigma_2\sigma_1)=\rho(\sigma_2\sigma_1\sigma_2)$. This  implies that\\
$$\left(\begin{matrix}
A&B\\
C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right)
\left(\begin{matrix}
A&-B\\
-C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right)
\left(\begin{matrix}
A&B\\
C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right)
=\left(\begin{matrix}
A&-B\\
-C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right)
\left(\begin{matrix}
A&B\\
C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right)
\left(\begin{matrix}
A&-B\\
-C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right).$$\\
Therefore, $$\begin{pmatrix}
A^3-BCA-ABC+BDC&A^2B-BCB-ABD+BD^2\\\\
CA^2-DCA-CBC+D^2C&CAB-DCB-CBD+D^3\\
\end{pmatrix}$$\\\\
$$=\begin{pmatrix}
A^3-BCA-ABC+BDC&-A^2B+BCB+ABD-BD^2\\\\
-CA^2+DCA+CBC-D^2C&CAB-DCB-CBD+D^3\\
\end{pmatrix}.$$\\\\
So, $A^2B-BCB-ABD+BD^2=0$ \;\; and \;\; $CA^2-DCA-CBC+D^2C=0$
\end{proof}
\bigskip

\section{Knots and detecting inversion among their braids}
\medskip
In this section, we separate braids from their reversed braids of some knots using the representations constructed in the previous section.
\begin{lem}\label{lambda}
Given  $I_3$  the identity matrix of dimension 3. Suppose that $D=\lambda I_3$ for some $\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\setminus\{0\}$, which is not an eigenvalue of $A$. Let $B$ be an invertible matrix. Then $\rho$ is a representation of $B_3$ if and only if  $C=B^{-1}A^2-\lambda B^{-1}A+\lambda^2B^{-1}$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
If $D=\lambda I_3$ and $B$ is invertible then, by direct computation, the equations \ref{E2} and \ref{E3} imply that $C=B^{-1}A^2-\lambda B^{-1}A+\lambda^2B^{-1}$. Now,  $\det(\rho(\sigma_1))=\det(\rho(\sigma_2))=\det(AD-BD^{-1}CD)=\det(-A^2+2\lambda A-\lambda^2 I_3)=\det(-(A-\lambda I_3)^2)=-\det((A-\lambda I_3))^2\neq0$.
\end{proof}
Attempts to separate conjugacy classes of braids for many knots from their reversed braids, using the representation defined by Lemma \ref{lambda} have not been successful so far. We then make other speculations for the matrices $A$, $B$ and $D$. We take the matrices  $A$, $B$ and $D$ as follows:
$$A=\left(\begin{matrix}
a&a-2&a-2\\
-2a+1&d&-2a+1\\
f&f&g\\
\end{matrix}\right),\;\;
B=\left(\begin{matrix}
a-2&-a+2&-a+2\\
2a-1&-2a+1&2a-1\\
-f&-f&f\\
\end{matrix}\right)$$
 and
$$D=\left(\begin{matrix}
-a+3&3a-3&-a-1\\
-a+2&3a-2&-3a\\
3&2a-1&-2a-1\\
\end{matrix}\right),$$
where $a,d,f$ and $g$ are complex numbers.
\newline

The matrices $\rho(\sigma_1)$ and $\rho(\sigma_2)$ are
$$\rho(\sigma_1)=\left(\begin{matrix}
A&B\\
C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right)
\text{ and }
\rho(\sigma_2)=\left(\begin{matrix}
A&-B\\
-C&D\\
\end{matrix}\right),$$
where the matrix $C$ satisfies the equations \ref{E2} and \ref{E3}. The complex numbers $a,d,f,g$ are chosen to have the matrices of $\sigma_1$ and $\sigma_2$ invertible. In order to solve for the matrix $C$ in the equation \ref{E2}, we require that $B$ is an invertible matrix\\\\
In the next proposition, we give values to $d,g,f$, all in terms of $a$; which guarantees the invertibility of the  matrix $B$. This will be done in a way that the map $\rho$ is a representation of the braid group $B_3$ in $GL(6,\mathbb{C})$.

\begin{prop}\label{P}
$\rho$ is a representation of $B_3$ if $a\not\in\{-1,0,2,\frac{1}{2}\}$ and either one of the following conditions holds true.
\begin{enumerate}
\item[1)] $d=1+2a,\; g=-1\pm ia\sqrt{3},\; f\neq0$\\
\item[2)] $d=1+2a,\; g=3a-1,\; f=1+a$\\
\item[3)] $(d=1-a + ia\sqrt{3},\; g=-1 - ia\sqrt{3},\; f\neq0)$ or $(d=1-a - ia\sqrt{3},\; g=-1 + ia\sqrt{3},\; f\neq0)$\\
\item[4)] $(d=1-a + ia\sqrt{3},\; g=-1 + ia\sqrt{3},\; f=1+a)$ or $(d=1-a - ia\sqrt{3},\; g=-1 - ia\sqrt{3},\; f=1+a)$\\
\item[5)] $d=1-a\pm ia\sqrt{3},\; g=3a-1,\; f=1+a$.\\
\end{enumerate}
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
The determinant of $B$ is $4(a-2)(2a-1)f\neq0$. So $B$ is invertible.
Substituting $C=B^{-1}A^2-B^{-1}ABDB+D^2B^{-1}$ in the equation \ref{E3}, we get 9 equations with 4 unknown complex numbers $a,d,f,g$. We fix $a$ and we solve for the numbers $d,f,g$. Using Mathematica software, we solve the system of 9 equations to get the solutions stated above.\\
The invertibility of the matrices $\rho(\sigma_1)$ and $\rho(\sigma_2)$ comes from the fact that the
determinant of $\rho(\sigma_i)$ is $-64a^6$ once we assign values to $d,g$ and $f$ as in the second
condition of the Proposition \ref{P}. Also, the determinant of $\rho(\sigma_i)$ ($i=1,2$) is $32(1\pm i\sqrt{3})a^6$ under the conditions 1, 3, 4, 5 of Proposition \ref{P}.
Since $a\neq0$, it follows that $\det(\rho(\sigma_i))\neq0$ ($i=1,2$). Therefore $\rho(\sigma_1)$ and $\rho(\sigma_2)$ are invertible.
\end{proof}
\begin{rem}
Let $p$ be a primitive third root of unity. By taking $a=p+1$ and $f=p+2$ in condition 3 of Proposition \ref{P}, we get the representation in section 3, which Lieven Le Bruyn used to separate the braid describing the knot $8_{17}$ from its reveresd braid.
\end{rem}
\begin{thm}
A family of representations $\rho$ is able to separate braids from their reversed braid on the list
of several knots which are the closures of three string braids, and which some of them have more than
8 crossings.
\end{thm}
\begin{proof}
Consider the representation $\rho $ of $B_3$ given in Proposition~\ref{P} with the condition $d=1-a-ia\sqrt{3}, g=-1+ia\sqrt{3}, f\neq0$.
The representation $\rho$ becomes\\\\
$$\rho(\sigma_1)=\begin{pmatrix}
a&a-2&a-2&a-2&-a+2&-a+2\\
-2a+1&1-a-ia\sqrt{3}&-2a+1&2a-1&-2a+1&2a-1\\
f&f&-1+ia\sqrt{3}&-f&-f&f\\
-1-a&1+(-2+i\sqrt{3})a&1+a &3-a&-3+3a&-1-a\\
\frac{2-2a-a^2}{-2+a}& ia\sqrt{3}&\frac{[(3+i\sqrt{3})(1+a)+(3-i\sqrt{3})f]a}{2f}&-a+2&3a-2&-3a\\
\frac{4-a-2a^2}{-2+a}&-1+a(-1+i\sqrt{3})&\frac{2+[1-i\sqrt{3}+(3-i\sqrt{3})f]a-(1+i\sqrt{3})a^2}{2f}
&3&2a-1&-2a-1
\end{pmatrix}$$\\
and\\
$$\rho(\sigma_2)=\begin{pmatrix}
a&a-2&a-2&-a+2&a-2&a-2\\
-2a+1&1-a-ia\sqrt{3}&-2a+1&-2a+1&2a-1&-2a+1\\
f&f&-1+ia\sqrt{3}&f&f&-f\\
1+a&-1-(-2+i\sqrt{3})a&-1-a &3-a&-3+3a&-1-a\\
\frac{-2+2a+a^2}{-2+a}& -ia\sqrt{3}&-\frac{[(3+i\sqrt{3})(1+a)+(3-i\sqrt{3})f]a}{2f}&-a+2&3a-2&-3a\\
\frac{-4+a+2a^2}{-2+a}&1-a(-1+i\sqrt{3})&-\frac{2+[1-i\sqrt{3}+(3-i\sqrt{3})f]a-(1+i\sqrt{3})a^2}{2f}
&3&2a-1&-2a-1
\end{pmatrix}$$\\\\
Next, we take three different values of $a$ and $f$. Thus we obtain three different
representations of $B_3$. We show that these representations are able to separate the braids of the
following knots: $6_3,7_5,8_7,8_9, 8_{10},8_{17}, 9_6,9_9,10_5$ from their reversed braids. The
author in \cite{Lie} succeeded to separate some knots up to 8 crossings.
Our representations were able to recognize knots with 9 and 10 crossings that are separated from their reversed braids. More precisely, we perform the following calculations as shown in the table below.
\\\\
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.25}
\begin{tabular}{|c|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{3cm}|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{3.5cm}|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{3.5cm}|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{3.5cm}|}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Knot}&\multirow{2}{*}{Braid word $w$}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{$Tr(\rho(w))-Tr(\rho(w'))$}\\
\cline{3-5}
 &  & $a=2-3i,f=7.3$  &  $a=1.5+i,\; f=6-4.2i$  & $a=1+3i,\;f=10.2+10.3i$  \\
 \hline
$6_3$ & $\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2\sigma_1^{-2}\sigma_2$ & $170.17+47.15i$ & $201.38-11.75i$ & $427.9+123.1i$  \\
\hline
$7_5$ & $\sigma_1^{4}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2$ & $1.96\times10^7+1.52\times10^7i$ & $-419.54-142.8i$ & $2.3\times10^6+2.8\times10^7i$  \\
\hline
$8_7$ & $\sigma_1^{4}\sigma_2^{-2}\sigma_1\sigma_2^{-1}$ & $3624.8+23139i$ & $-9244-3706.1i$ & $73,847.2-58,855.3i$  \\
\hline
$8_9$ & $\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-3}\sigma_2^3$ & $170.17+47.15i$ & $201.38-11.75i$ & $427.9+123.1i$ \\
\hline
$8_{10}$ & $\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2\sigma_1^{-2}\sigma_2^3$ & $3624.8+23139i$ & $-9244-3706.1i$ & $73,847.2-58,855.3i$ \\
\hline
$8_{17}$ & $\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^2\sigma_1^{-2}\sigma_2$ & $-524.9-581.1i$ & $-459+182.3i$& $-510.4-653.8i$ \\
\hline
$9_6$ & $\sigma_1^2\sigma_2^2\sigma_1^5\sigma_2^{-1}$ & $7.5\times10^8-3.2\times10^9i$ & $-1.6\times10^7-1.5\times10^7i$ & $-5.2\times10^9-3.1\times10^9i$ \\
\hline
$9_9$ & $\sigma_1^3\sigma_2^{-1}\sigma_1^4\sigma_2^2$ & $7.5\times10^8-3.2\times10^9i$ & $-1.6\times10^7-1.5\times10^7i$ & $-5.2\times10^9-3.1\times10^9i$ \\
\hline
$10_5$ & $\sigma_1^{-2}\sigma_2\sigma_1^{-1}\sigma_2^6$ & $-3.5\times10^6+2.6\times10^6i$ & $308,285+628,064i$ & $-1.7\times10^6-2.9\times10^7i$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}\\

Here, $w'$ denotes the reverse of the braid $w$.
\end{proof}

\bigskip

\textbf{Conflict of Interest.} On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Climate change is in the news daily. Business and banking leaders, such as Mark Carney, head of the Bank of England, are warning that new investment approaches are needed to respond to climate change. Climate change is affecting people and businesses in Ontario right now. Come to this talk to learn what it means for you. Hear what Ontario is doing to respond to climate change, as part of the larger world community.
This talk will also show how you can help shape Ontario's environmental laws and policies. Thanks to the Environmental Bill of Rights, Ontarians have rights to bring their environmental ideas and concerns to the government's attention, everything from air quality, to water taking permits, to the way neighborhoods are planned or what pesticides are used.


The DIY Rescue team is back and in an all new series visiting New Zealand families who are stuck in DIY chaos. The wannabe handymen have ripped up their own houses and their families are left to live in a mess. The team must work around the clock to fix the botch ups. Will they be able to fix the mess and transform the families' homes, or will the job prove to be mission impossible?
In this fourth series, the DIY Rescue team visits New Zealand families who are stuck in DIY chaos. Each week, the wannabe handymen have ripped up their own houses and their families are left to live in a mess. The team must work around the clock to fix the botch ups. Will they be able to fix the mess and transform the families' homes, or will the job prove to be mission impossible?


text:
Author: bradbirzer
By day, I'm a father of seven and husband of one. By night, I'm an author, a biographer, and a prog rocker. Interests: Rush, progressive rock, cultural criticisms, the Rocky Mountains, individual liberty, history, hiking, and science fiction.
Anathema – Internal Landscapes – Album Review
On October 24, 2018 By bradbirzerIn progressive rockLeave a comment
— Read on manofmuchmetal.com/2018/10/24/anathema-internal-landscapes-album-review/
Lee Speaks About Music… #107 — Lee Speaks About…
Story Tellers Part Two – Tiger Moth Tales Introduction… The latest and 4th studio album release of Tiger Moth Tales is the sequel to the 2nd album Story Tellers Part One and I was so glad to that Story Tellers Part Two had been in the making and was to be the next album to hit […]
via Lee Speaks About Music… #107 — Lee Speaks About…
Album Premiere: Oak – "False Memory Archive" — The PROG Mind
On October 17, 2018 By bradbirzerIn progressive rock1 Comment
https://bandcamp.com/EmbeddedPlayer/v=2/album=4004955793/size=large/bgcol=ffffff/linkcol=0687f5/tracks=773703106,626084637,2147233160,3073911281,3095255974,923318095,2736249444,3261170423,3437170636/esig=67dcda28ff305cd044ce9deae04fb27b/
Check out the full album premiere of Oak's "False Memory Archive".
via Album Premiere: Oak – "False Memory Archive" — The PROG Mind
Kscope: 10 Years of Offers
A nice update from Kscope, in the midst of celebrating 10 years of excellence.
To see the sales, click here.
Joy in the Wasteland: Riverside's Seventh
On September 30, 2018 By bradbirzerIn progressive rock2 Comments
A Review of Riverside, Wasteland (Insideout, 2018).
Wasteland, released two days ago.
At first, I was surprised that the two best (and best known, at least in American prog circles) Polish bands named their most recent albums, Wasteland. Well, ok, there's a slight difference. Newspaperflyhunting named its album with a plural. Still, it must be more than a coincidence. Presumably, each took the name either from the Arthurian legends or from T.S. Eliot (who took his from the Arthurian legends). Regardless, the title fits for most of our world of 2018.
Continue reading "Joy in the Wasteland: Riverside's Seventh" →
Leah – "The Quest"
On September 27, 2018 By bradbirzerIn progressive rockLeave a comment
— Read on theprogmind.com/2018/09/25/leah-the-quest/
Shineback – "Dial"
— Read on theprogmind.com/2018/09/27/shineback-dial/
Burning Shed News (September 20, 2018)
On September 20, 2018 By bradbirzerIn progressive rock1 Comment
Vinyl Box Sets (box set pre-orders)
King Crimson 1969-1972 and King Crimson 1972-1974 are limited edition box sets presenting the band's seven studio albums from 1969-1974 in their 40th anniversary edition mixes (by Steven Wilson and Robert Fripp).
1969-1972 also includes a double LP of rarities and a full-sized replica of the original King Crimson timeline booklet which accompanied The Young Person's Guide to King Crimson.
1972-1974 contains a fourth album featuring a complete alternate version of Larks' Tongues in Aspic – mixed and produced by Steven Wilson and featuring the LP's original US artwork – plus the expanded edition of USA (in its 2013 mix by Robert Fripp, David Singleton and Tony Arnold). The set also contains a full-sized 24 page photographic booklet of the band during the period plus a poster of the King Crimson album art as it originally featured in The Young Person's Guide to King Crimson.
All albums are cut from the same hi-res masters used for the 40th anniversary CD/DVD-A series, pressed on 200g super-heavyweight vinyl, and presented in their original sleeves.
Pre-order CD 1969-1972 for 2nd November release and 1972-1974 for 23rd November release. A bundle of both boxes is available for 23rd November combined shipping.
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Glass Hammer Chronomonaut Trailer
It's live–a gorgeous trailer for the new and forthcoming album from Glass Hammer. Enjoy.
"I Was a Teenage Proghead" Part 3 — Reel and Rock
This is final installment, see below the final page to find out how you can obtain a FREE copy of the full 32-page "Proghead" comic book when it comes out in print next month. Text by Rick Ouellette, Illustrations by Brian Bicknell This is my first foray into the world of indie comics and the […]
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text:
Q: ASP.NET Core. Configure DI to get the same object for different interfaces I have middleware, that do some job and create object. I need to inject this object into controller.
So far I see solution with extra layer by adding to DI some factory that create such objects by extracting already created one from context.Items['myobject_created_and_placed_here_in_middleware'].
Also I'm considering another way:
public interface IReader
{
    string Get();
}

public interface IWriter
{
    string Set(string value);
}

public class Object1 : IReader, IWriter
{
    public string s1 { get; set; }
    public string Get()
    {
        return this.s1;
    }

    public string Set(string value)
    {
        this.s1 = value;
        return s1;
    }
}

public class Middleware1
{
    RequestDelegate next;
    private readonly IReader _reader;

    public Middleware1(RequestDelegate next, IReader reader)
    {
        this.next = next;
        _reader = reader;
    }

    public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    {
        var test1 = _reader.Get();
        await next.Invoke(context);
    }
}

public class Middleware2
{
    RequestDelegate next;
    private readonly IWriter _writer;

    public Middleware2(RequestDelegate next, IWriter writer)
    {
        this.next = next;
        _writer = writer;
    }

    public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    {
        _writer.Set("13168AAE-C886-453E-B655-ECE5D14645D9");
        await next.Invoke(context);
    }
}

Startup.cs:
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
    {
        loggerFactory.AddConsole();

        app.UseMiddleware<Middleware2>();
        app.UseMiddleware<Middleware1>();

        app.Run(async (context) =>
        {
            await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello World!");
        });
    }

So far it doesn't work.
This returns different objects:
services.AddScoped<IReader,Object1>();
services.AddScoped<IWriter, Object1>();

This can't resolve interface:
services.AddScoped<Object1>();

The question is: how to register it in DI and get the same object for different interfaces per request.

A: FYI: it is possible to share a single object between DI registrations, even between Scoped and Transient registrations. Try to avoid it if possible.
public interface IGodObject { } //empty marker interface
public interface IWriter { }
public interface IReader { }
public class GodObject : IGodObject, IReader, IWriter { }

services.AddScoped<IGodObject>(p =>
{
    return new GodObject();
});

services.AddScoped<IReader>(p =>
{
    return p.GetService<IGodObject>() as IReader;
});

services.AddScoped<IWriter>(p =>
{
    return p.GetService<IGodObject>() as IWriter;
});

A: Personally I would stick with the Items property in the HttpContext, as its sole purpose is storing items for the scope of a request.
If, however, you would like to use an object instance in DI I suggest you merge the IReader and IWriter into a single interface and add that to the DI container.

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text:
‹ Jaymie Graham
Jaymie Graham
DOB: 6th Feb 1983 Career Games 37
From: Mines Rovers / South Fremantle West Coast Games 37
A promising tall defender, Jaymie Graham was recruited onto the rookie list to enhance the club's defensive tall roster. Graham was temporarily promoted to the main list early in the 2004 season, but did not manage to break into the side, and was retained on the rookie list for the 2005 season. Season 2005 saw Graham promoted back on to the main list for the luckless Zac Beeck, and he has followed this up with being elevated to the main list proper for the 2006 season.
After a promising 2006 season where Graham played nearly every game, but was unluckily omitted for David Wirrpanda for the Grand Final, Graham had a bad run with injuries over the 2007 and 2008 seasons, with a consequent inability to regain his form and fitness.
At the end of the 2008 season Graham elected to retire from football to focus on looking after his young family including adopting a young sister left parentless by the death of his mother - something he said would make the required effort to be an AFL footballer an impossibility.
Graham took on an assistant coaching role at St Kilda for the 2012 and 2013 seasons
2005: Elevated to the main list.
2006: West Coast Eagles Rookie of the Year.
2008: Chris Mainwaring Medallist (Best Clubman)


Jenni at C.M.S. was alerted when a Videofied Motion Detector was triggered when intruders with firearms broke into a remote site. Shots were fired and C.M.S called 911. Police quickly responded and one gunman and accomplice were subsequently arrested. While the police were at the location, Jenni was able to alert officers other 'gang members' were entering the site and the Police were able to take appropriate action. The Police were grateful and the keyholder thanked Jenni personally for her help.
A Webeye Approved Monitoring Station is a new service offered by Webeye. It is for situations when you are unable to respond to a webeyeCMS alarm notification or when you just want someone else to monitor your alarms. At whatever point you wish, alarms can now be escalated to a monitoring station who will take appropriate action on your behalf.


Wolf Boho Sacred Geometry New Age Mandala Kaleidoscope glass paperweight titled Keen Observation.
Woodland Wolf geometric mandala kaleidoscope photo placed inside A 3 ¾ "across 1" high glass paperweight. Weight 9 oz.
A mesmerizing wolf mandala kaleidoscope glass paperweight that will make the perfect conversation piece for your home or office décor. It will make a unique and memorable gift that will be admired for a lifetime!


text:
Patently absurd
July 5, 2005 — 10.00am
This month, the European Parliament will vote on the vital question of whether to allow patents covering software, which would restrict every computer user and tie software developers up in knots.
Many politicians may be voting blindly - not being programmers, they don't understand what software patents do. They often think patents are similar to copyright law (except for some details), which is not the case.
For example, when I publicly asked Patrick Devedjian, then the minister for industry, how France would vote on the issue of software patents, he responded with an impassioned defence of copyright law, praising Victor Hugo for his role in the adoption of copyright.
Those who imagine effects like those of copyright law cannot grasp the real effects of software patents. We can use Hugo as an example to illustrate the difference between the two.
A novel and a modern complex program have certain points in common: each is large and implements many ideas. Suppose patent law had been applied to novels in the 1800s; suppose states such as France had permitted the patenting of literary ideas. How would this have affected Hugo's writing? How would the effects of literary patents compare with the effects of literary copyright?
Consider the novel Les Miserables, written by Hugo. Because he wrote it, the copyright belonged only to him. He did not have to fear that some stranger could sue him for copyright infringement and win. That was impossible, because copyright covers only the details of a work of authorship, and only restricts copying. Hugo had not copied Les Miserables, so he was not in danger.
Patents work differently. They cover ideas - each patent is a monopoly on practising some idea, which is described in the patent itself.
Here's one example of a hypothetical literary patent:
Claim 1: a communication process that represents, in the mind of a reader, the concept of a character who has been in jail for a long time and becomes bitter towards society and humankind.
Claim 2: a communication process according to claim 1, wherein said character subsequently finds moral redemption through the kindness of another.
Claim 3: a communication process according to claims 1 and 2, wherein said character changes his name during the story.
If such a patent had existed in 1862 when Les Miserables was published, the novel would have infringed all three claims - all these things happened to Jean Valjean in the novel. Hugo could have been sued, and would have lost. The novel could have been prohibited - in effect, censored - by the patent holder.
Now consider this hypothetical literary patent:
Claim 1: a communication process that represents, in the mind of a reader, the concept of a character who has been in jail for a long time and subsequently changes his name.
Les Miserables would have infringed that patent, too, because it also fits the life story of Jean Valjean.
These patents would all cover the story of one character in a novel. They overlap but they do not precisely duplicate each other, so they could all be valid simultaneously - all the patent holders could have sued Victor Hugo. Any one of them could have prohibited publication of Les Miserables.
You might think these ideas are so simple that no patent office would have issued them. We programmers are often amazed by the simplicity of the ideas that real software patents cover - for instance, the European Patent Office has issued a patent on the progress bar, and one on accepting payment via credit cards. These would be laughable if they were not so dangerous.
Other aspects of Les Miserables could also have fallen foul of patents. For instance, there could have been a patent on a fictionalised portrayal of the battle of Waterloo, or a patent on using Parisian slang in fiction. Two more lawsuits.
In fact, there is no limit to the number of different patents that might have been applicable for suing the author of a work like Les Miserables. All the patent holders would claim they deserved a reward for the literary progress that their patented ideas represented - but these obstacles would not promote progress in literature. They would only obstruct it.
However, a very broad patent could have made all these issues irrelevant. Imagine patents with broad claims, like these:
Communication process structured with narration that continues through many pages.
A narration structure sometimes resembling a fugue or improvisation.
Intrigue articulated around the confrontation of specific characters, each in turn setting traps for the others.
Who would the patent holders have been? They could have been other novelists, perhaps Dumas or Balzac, who had written such novels - but not necessarily.
It isn't necessary to write a program to patent a software idea, so if our hypothetical literary patents follow the real patent system, these patent holders would not have had to write novels, or stories, or anything - except patent applications.
Patent parasite companies - businesses that produce nothing except threats and lawsuits - are growing larger.
Given these broad patents Hugo would not have reached the point of asking what patents might get him sued for using the character of Jean Valjean. He could not even have considered writing a novel of this kind. This analogy can help non-programmers to see what software patents do. Software patents cover features, such as defining abbreviations in a word processor or natural order recalculation in a spreadsheet.
They cover algorithms that programs need to use. They cover aspects of file formats, such as Microsoft's new formats for Word files. The MPEG 2 video format is covered by 39 different US patents.
Just as one novel could infringe many different literary patents at once, one program can infringe many different patents at once. It is so much work to identify all the patents infringed by a large program that only one such study has been done.
A 2004 study of Linux, the kernel of the GNU/Linux operating system, found that it infringed 283 different US software patents. That means each of these 283 different patents covers a computational process found somewhere in the thousands of pages of source code of Linux.
The text of the directive approved by the council of ministers clearly authorises patents covering software techniques.
Its backers claim the requirement for patents to have a "technical character" will exclude software patents - but it will not. It is easy to describe a computer program in a "technical" way, the boards of appeal of the European Patent Office said.
The board is aware that its comparatively broad interpretation of the term "invention" in Article 52 (1) EPC will include activities so familiar that their technical character tends to be overlooked, such as the act of writing using pen and paper. Any usable software can be "loaded and executed in a computer, programmed computer network or other programmable apparatus" in order to do its job, which is the criterion in article 5 (2) of the directive for patents to prohibit even the publication of programs.
The way to prevent software patents from bollocksing software development is simple: don't authorise them. In the first reading, in 2003, the European parliament adopted the necessary amendments to exclude software patents, but the council of ministers reversed the decision. Citizens of the EU should phone their MEPs without delay, urging them to sustain the parliament's previous decision in the second reading of the directive.
Richard Stallman launched the GNU operating system in 1984 and founded the Free Software Foundation in 1985. Gerald Sedrati-Dinet devised the examples in this article. This article is reproduced with permission. Copyright rests with the author. Verbatim copying and distribution is permitted worldwide without royalty in any medium provided this notice is preserved.
Australia and EU share similar software problems
Australia's intellectual property regime in many ways mirrors what the European Union is debating.
Australia has no specific statutory provision covering software and it is impossible to patent pure software that is simply a set of instructions, although it is protected by the Copyright Act (1968). Australia also restricts the patenting of business processes, which is possible in the US.
But the federal regulatory body IP Australia says patenting of software inventions is possible when the software is implemented on a machine, such as a PC, to produce some beneficial result that is new, inventive and useful. A patentable software invention must involve some amount of ingenuity and produce a practical solution to a technological problem. Patents cannot be granted for discoveries, ideas, scientific principals or mathematical algorithms.
According to the deputy commissioner of patents at IP Australia, Philip Spann, any change here requires an act of parliament or a court decision. Spann says he is unaware of any local studies of the patentability of software inventions. A September 2003 review of the patenting of business systems recommended they be excluded.
Opponents to the European directive say the rate of patent applications will rise sharply while granting additional legal grounds for 20 years to patent holders of such widely adopted techniques as distributing videos on the net.
Nigel Stoate, a patent attorney with London firm Taylor Wessing, says the directive leaves the status quo mostly unchanged. About 30,000 software patents are granted by the European Patent Office and the scope of patentability will not be significantly widened. Mr Stoate says the directive removes inconsistencies in granting software patents across the EU's jurisdictions.
"Europe recognises that patenting software is important to keep up with the US, and the new directive achieves this," Mr Stoate says. "The new directive is intended to harmonise the position across all the member states." - Brad Howarth
Most Viewed in Technology


Having a physical social media counter positioned in your business or store can help boost productivity and offers an easy way to see your subscribers climb. If you'd like to create your very own DIY Raspberry Pi powered desktop social media counter Paul Freeman-Powell has been featured in the HackSpace magazine issue 9. Providing a tutorial on how you can create your very own.
For more information and a full tutorial on how to build your very own Raspberry Pi powered physical social media follower jump over to the official Raspberry Pi blog by following the link below. If you enjoy building Pi projects you might be interested in our comprehensive list of Raspberry Pi displays, HATS and small screens.


text:
Keep up-to-date with the latest industry news, trends, and business tips to help you better manage your fleet.
First MOT 'winners and losers' revealed
New cars are required to have an MOT certificate on their third anniversary of hitting the road, so if you got yourself a brand new vehicle in 2017, it's very first MOT will be coming up some time this year.
In preparation for this event, you might be interested to know the most common reason for cars to fail their first MOT, and which models are most likely to have issues in the test.
According to research by car owner companion website and app KnowYourCar, nearly a fifth (19 per cent) of Isuzu D-Max, Dacia Sandero and Ford Fiesta models that were registered in 2016 failed their first MOTs last year.
The same issue caused the highest number of failures for all three of these models: 'headlamp aim out of alignment'.
This was also the most likely reason for 2016 Honda Jazz models to get the thumbs down in their first MOT test. However, the Jazz performed better than the D-Max, Sandero and Fiesta on MOT performance overall, with a 96 per cent pass rate.
The MINI One and Skoda Octavia also fared well last year, with 94 per cent of 2016-registered versions of these cars sailing through their first MOT inspection.
Dan Owen of KnowYourCar said it was "worrying" to see that headlamp alignment is such a big issue for relatively new cars. It was a common reason for failure among the ten worst MOT performers last year, including the Vauxhall Corsa and the Volkswagen Golf.
"The fact that headlamps are such a problem for so many different models is startling," Mr Owen added. "Misalignment can be caused by a number of issues, including minor collisions, faulty headlight motors and even assembly issues at the car factory. These MOT results certainly explain why so many cars' headlights tend to dazzle at night."
Regular maintenance and servicing can help you keep an eye on these sorts of issues and other common reasons for MOT failure.
With MyService.Expert from Fuel Card Services, you can get your vehicle checked out at more than 4,500 garages nationwide.
How to use BPMe rewards
When you're looking for fuel cards for your business, there are a wide range of factors to consider. Key questions include what savings are available, the number and convenience of...
What fuel cards do supermarkets accept?
Like most people in the UK, you're likely to be spending a significant sum on fuel. This is also coupled with the fact that you're often at the mercy of...
10 benefits of using telematics for fleet management
Telematics services are now a must have for any fleet. No matter how many vehicles you're responsible for, these tools ensure your fleet operation is as cost-effective and efficient as...


On the 2nd and 3rd of August, the Country Fire Authority (CFA) held its 4th Annual Community Engagement & Fire Awareness State Forum.
The aim of the event was to gather over 350 CFA volunteers from over 180 fire brigades around the state, to create a platform for like-minded CFA members to share ideas about how they could work together to engage their respective local communities.
In line with the theme – spreading awareness and engagement – keynote speakers were offered the opportunity to engage the audience directly, but in an effective and efficient manner. Which is where SMSGlobal came into play.
As a part of the Q&A time, the 350+ CFA members in the audience were encouraged to send in questions or comments that they wanted addressed by the speakers, via SMS. How it worked was simple.
On the projector screen at the front of the room was displayed an SMSGlobal dedicated number. Audience members were told to pick up their phones and text that number with their question or comment. That SMS (question or comment) was then displayed on the projector screen for the audience to see, and was discussed by the facilitating speakers.
This was all made possible by way of a simple web platform developed internally by SMSGlobal, which provide the CFA with an easy SMS work flow to aid audience participation and engagement during the forum.
CFA Project Manager and event organiser Jamie Devenish said "The interactive Q&A session was very popular and prompted some fantastic discussion; a couple of members actually indicated that they wished the session had been longer."
We're more than pleased to say, the event went off without a hitch. We'd also like to thank the CFA for this opportunity to support a great cause. And, of course, for keeping our local communities safe and informed about fire safety.
Just another great example of how SMS can be used to lend a helping hand to different parts of your business.


text:
BRIT and FIVS partner to expand international sustainable wine-growing competition
by Anton Pretorius | Feb 27, 2019 | News
The Botanical Research Institute of Texas (BRIT) is excited to announce a new partnership with Paris-based FIVS, a global organisation designed to serve the wine, spirits, and beer sectors, to broaden and expand BRIT's unique international sustainable winegrowing competition and award.
Originally created in 2010, BRIT's award honors wine organizations that take a leading role in implementing sustainable practices. It is the only international sustainable winegrowing competition and award of its kind. The first FIVS/BRIT co-branded international competition is scheduled for 2020.
Under the terms of the agreement, FIVS will co-manage the competition and support and promote the competition throughout its global membership of regional wine associations, wine producers and distributors. For its part, BRIT through its application and review process, agrees to comply with FIVS's "Global Wine Producers Environmental Sustainability Principles (GWPESP)" program, which promotes the idea that the continued health of the wine industry relies on natural resources that are successfully integrated with sound ecological processes.
In addition, the competition and award name will also be changed to reflect FIVS's expanded role. The new name of the competition is BRIT/FIVS International Sustainable Wine-growing Competition and the award will be known as the BRIT/FIVS International Sustainable Wine-growing Award.
"BRIT has been a member of FIVS since 2012, providing us with unparalleled access to leading wine organisations around the world. That, in turn, has helped raise awareness of our competition and BRIT's mission of biodiversity and conservation," says Dr. Ed Schneider, President and Executive Director, BRIT. "Co-branding our sustainable wine-growing competition with such a highly respected wine industry advocate will help further both organisation's goals of sustainability and biodiversity. We're honoured to be partnering with FIVS."
"The new, BRIT/FIVS international sustainable wine-growing competition is the perfect platform to highlight FIVS's 'Global Wine Producers Environmental Sustainability Principles'," says Greg Hodson, President, FIVS. "We look forward to honouring wineries and vineyards that are taking a leading role in sustainability."
FIVS will create a competition committee to oversee the program including managing competition growth, competition rules, applications, judging, and program communication. FIVS members will take an active role in promoting the competition in their respective regional organisations. The presidents of both FIVS and BRIT will have final authority over the creation of the relationship structure, responsibilities, program policies, procedures, competition rules, fees/costs, and future modifications of each.
The first BRIT/FIVS co-branded competition is scheduled for 2020. The competition begins May 1, 2019 and has a submission deadline of September 30, 2019. The winners will be selected and notified in November 2020. The competition's overall winner will be presented with the BRIT/FIVS International Sustainable Wine-growing glass sculpture in Fort Worth in January 2020. Platinum, gold, silver, and bronze-level medals are awarded to top-placing wineries.
The competition is open to any vineyard/winery involved with a sustainable wine-growing program from any country; it is also open to multi-brand wine companies that may apply for special recognition.


This Oahu Farmers Markets Infographic is an easy to read guide for each of the many Farmers' Markets on Oahu. Share it, save it, print it, or embed on your own website with the code below.
Do you see a market you want to visit? Do you see a market we missed? Questions or comments feel free to comment or message us on our Facebook Page.


text:
Q: Can't convert date value get from SQL database I had set the date datatype to date in sql server but when i want get value from it will output datetime value "9/22/2016 12:00:00 AM".
DataGridViewRow row = cell.OwningRow;
string DATE = row.Cells[2].Value.ToString();

A: You need to format it on the front end:
((DateTime)row.Cells[2].Value).ToString("dd-MM-yyyy");

A: Ok, you are usting ToString() method and it returns string value. You can retrieve DateTime with explicit casting:
DataGridViewRow row = cell.OwningRow;
DateTime DATE = (DateTime) row.Cells[2].Value;

A: Convert the date to the desired format
DateTime DATE = Convert.ToDateTime(row.Cells[2].Value.ToString();

When you want to display the DATE, use the format "yyyy-MM-dd" (as per your screen shot).

A: Convert string into datetime and you can give the format like this way ...
it will works....
 DateTime d=Convert.ToDateTime(row.Cells[2].Value.ToString());
 textBox1.Text = d.ToShortDateString();


text:
Der Rajon Kaliningrad (, Kaliningradski rajon) war ein von 1947 bis 1959 bestehender Rajon in der russischen Oblast Kaliningrad. Im Norden wurde er begrenzt von der Stadt Kaliningrad und dem Fluss Pregel, im Osten vom Rajon Gwardeisk und vom Rajon Prawdinsk und im Westen vom Frischen Haff und vom Rajon Laduschkin. Im Süden reichte der Rajon bis zum ehemaligen Kreuzburger Kleinbahnhof (rus. Sadowoje) und wurde vom Rajon Bagrationowsk begrenzt. Sein Verwaltungssitz war die Siedlung Niwenskoje (Wittenberg).

Geschichte
Gebildet wurde der Rajon am 25. Juli 1947 aus Teilen des Rajon Gurjewsk und des Rajon Bagrationowsk. Verwaltet wurde er vom Exekutivkomitee des Kaliningrader Rajonsowjets der Abgeordneten der Werktätigen (ru. Исполнительный комитет Калининградского районного Совета депутатов трудящихся, Ispolnitelny komitet Kaliningradskowo rajonowo Soweta deputatow trudjaschtschichsja; kurz: Калининградский Райисполком, Kaliningradski Rajispolkom). Am 27. April 1959 wurde der Rajon wieder aufgelöst und an die Rajone Bagrationowsk, Gwardeisk und Laduschkin verteilt.

Dorfsowjets 1947–1959

Funktionsträger

Parteisekretäre der WKP(B)/KPdSU
 1947–1948: F. Ja. Berlisow (Ф. Я. Берлизов)
 1948–1950: Semjon Nikolajewitsch Alexandrow (Семён Николаевич Александров)
 1950: M. I. Mischkin (М. И. Мишкин)
 1950–1953: P. F. Korablew (П. Ф. Кораблев)
 1953–1957: Grigori Iwanowitsch Kusin (Григорий Иванович Кузин)
 1957–1959: P. S. Gritschukow (П. С. Гричуков)

Vorsitzende
 1947–1949: W. K. Akimow (В. К. Акимов)
 1949: M. W. Potikow (М. В. Ротиков)
 1949–1953: A. G. Remisow (А. Г. Ремизов)
 1953–1958: Walentin Iwanowitsch Mossin (Валентин Иванович Мосин)
 1958–1959: Fjodor Michailowitsch Fedossejew (Фёдор Михайлович Федосеев)

Siehe auch
 Verwaltungsgliederung der Oblast Kaliningrad

Fußnoten

Kaliningrad
Rajon Bagrationowsk
Rajon Gwardeisk

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