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Home Columns Did referee Vic Drakulich screw up the Brandon Rios vs. Diego Chaves...
Did referee Vic Drakulich screw up the Brandon Rios vs. Diego Chaves fight?
Credit: Chris Farina - Top Rank
Examining the Controversial Refereeing & Stoppage of Rios vs. Chaves:
In boxing, there are almost no absolutes. In the eyes of many, referee Vic Drakulich spoiled the welterweight showdown between Brandon Rios and Diego Chaves by overly injecting himself into the action. Let's take a look at the facts and explore some different ideas, as we try to make sense of what took place last Saturday evening in Las Vegas at the Cosmopolitan Hotel and Casino.
The bout was an entertaining one, though frustrating to watch with all the inside wrangling. Chaves was certainly pushing the envelope, as he roughed up Rios on the inside, but he wasn't the only one fouling. Rios was also unruly in clinches, landed kidney punches, and made copious use of his head.
In the 9th round following another rough clinch, Drakulich gave Chaves the hook. The Argentine had been penalized twice before and Drakulich was clearly irritated with him. You could almost see it coming in a way, though when it happened, it appeared to be ill-timed. It also seemed that Drakulich had turned a relative blind eye to Rios' many transgressions.
What made it worse was that it was a close fight that seemed up-for-grabs entering the final two rounds. The cards had Chaves narrowly ahead, with two judges having him leading by a point entering the 9th round. Chaves was having a decent round, doing what he had been doing in keeping Rios on the outside with jabs and long-range punching. It never goes over well when a close fight is not allowed to reach its natural conclusion.
What Drakulich Did Wrong
There's a few things that made the DQ win for Rios a difficult pill to swallow. First of all, Rios was hardly a gentleman in the ring that night, having himself been docked a point for holding in the fifth. Drakulich seemed to take minimal notice at Rios ramming his skull into the face of Chaves. It's one thing for a referee to be a disciplinarian in the ring and enforce the rules, but it must be done in an even-handed manner and it appeared Drakulich was an authoritarian only towards Chaves.
Another thing that you see a lot of lately is when a referee only notes a foul upon the recipient reacting to it. When a referee relies on the reactions of the fighters to detect when a foul has occurred, that's a problem for obvious reasons. In other words, it seemed that Drakulich did not rely so much on his own observations, but rather the histrionic reactions from Rios.
I'll admit that I've had it in for Drakulich for a long time. About 20 years ago, Detroit slickster Lonnie Beasley was battling Julio Cesar Green on nearly even terms for 12 rounds. During a clinch in the final round, Drakulich separated the fighters. Irritated that it was hard to separate them, he shoved Beasley, who fell down. And Drakulich stopped the fight! It was the only time I saw a referee actually score a TKO win. So I'm not exactly coming into this with a clean slate as far as Drakulich was concerned.
Is Drakulich Solely to Blame?
The short answer is no. Chaves himself shoulders a lot of culpability. Even as school age kids, we were able to sense when we were about to cross a certain threshold with a teacher and some of us could straddle that line for the entire school year. Chaves had to know Drakulich was at his wit's end by the 9th round. Two points had already been deducted. So when another clinch ensued, Chaves should have been on his best behavior and he simply wasn't even close to that. If he was a kid in school, you couldn't really blame the teacher for sending him to the principal's office.
And what appeared to be mere roughhousing was something more than that. On at least two occasions, Chaves could be seen raking Rios' face with the front of his gloves, for which there is no excuse. The last offense, while it looked benign enough at first glance, again showed Chaves giving Rios "the business" with his gloves across the face. In fact, it's safe to say that there was probably more to it than what we all saw at first glance. Even if Rios was given a pass for his head-butting and the ref used Rios' reactions to guide his decisions to some extent, Chaves sort of had it coming.
Should Drakulich Be Sanctioned or Not Be Given Important Fights?
The veteran referee sometimes needs to take a step back. There are times where he seems to let his emotions get involved. No one is paying money to see Vic Drakulich. There have been a handful of times where he becomes the biggest factor in the ring, with some overzealous officiating. Then again, there are hundreds of other times where he has done a good enough job. The thing with refs is that they never get acknowledged for a good job. The only time you talk about refs is when they maybe screwed up. So let's not get carried away with our condemnation of the man. While the way it went down left something to be desired, he may not have been all that out-of-line by DQ'ing Chaves.
What Can Be Done to Improve Referee Performance?
Let's not kid ourselves–refereeing is one of those things that is probably 100 times more difficult than it looks. We all sit on our sofas, thinking we could do a better job. Meanwhile, if any of us were referees, we'd probably screw up every other fight. We'd be bumping into the fighters, while sweating like Patrick Ewing in the 4th quarter.
A little discretion can go a long way. When I saw Drakulich was refereeing the Rios-Chaves fight, I thought "Oh great, this will be fun." It had the earmarks of a chippy fight and I felt a cooler-headed ref would be a better fit for this match-up. So if a bleary-eyed, half-ass boxing writer can see that, why can't the commission?
There are just times when you roll your eyes when you see a certain ref is assigned to a fight. Like when Roy Jones fought Denis Lebedev and you saw Steve Smoger was the ref. No one wanted to see Jones get hurt, so why would the powers-that-be appoint a ref known for letting fights go longer than most refs? And somewhat predictably, the fight ended with Jones left for dead on the canvas, the victim of a ref stopping a fight a few seconds too late. In the future, it would be beneficial if the commissions who assign fights to refs could see the bigger picture and pinpoint these kinds of issues before they happen.
brandon rios
diego chaves
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El Guadalupiense, también conocido como Pérmico medio, una división de la escala temporal geológica, es la segunda época del Pérmico. Su nombre proviene de la Sierra de Guadalupe (Texas). Esta etapa se extiende desde 265,8 ± 0,7 hasta 270,0 ± 0,7 millones de años atrás, aproximadamente. El Guadalupiense sucede a la época Cisuraliense y precede al Lopingiense del Pérmico dividiéndose en tres edades el Capitaniense (265,8 ± 0,7 - 260,4 ± 0,7 mda), el Wordiense (268,0 ± 0,7 - 265,8 ± 0,7 mda) y el Roadiense (270,6 ± 0,7 - 268,0 ± 0,7 mda).

Referencias

Épocas geológicas del Pérmico

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You are at:Home»News»CSIR appointed to conduct crucial spectrum audit
CSIR appointed to conduct crucial spectrum audit
By Duncan McLeod	 12 July 2017 1 Comment
The Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) has been appointed to conduct a high-stakes audit to determine how much radio frequency spectrum should be reserved for government's planned wholesale open-access network (Woan).
Government recently agreed to an industry proposal for a "hybrid model", in which both the controversial Woan — which will draw investors from the private sector — will coexist alongside the networks of the commercial operators such as Vodacom, MTN, Cell C, Telkom and Rain.
Telecommunications & postal services minister Siyabonga Cwele agreed to adopt the hybrid model after the big mobile operators strenuously objected to the contentious plan by government to reserve all future "high-demand" spectrum — spectrum that can be used to deploy 4G/LTE and future 5G networks — for the Woan. If government had stuck to that plan, it was inevitable that at least some of the operators would have taken the minister to court.
Cwele also backed down on an earlier proposal — described by critics as unconstitutional — that raised the idea of forcing commercial operators to hand back existing spectrum that has been assigned to them to build their 2G, 3G and 4G networks.
When the minister revealed the change of plans in parliament in May, it had been speculated that either communications regulator Icasa or the CSIR would be appointed to conduct the audit to determine how much spectrum should be reserved for the Woan, with the remaining high-demand spectrum awarded to commercial operators through a normal licensing process conducted by Icasa (possibly through an auction).
Siyabonga Cwele
Cwele's spokesman, Siya Qoza, confirmed to TechCentral on Wednesday that the CSIR has been appointed to do the audit and that it has already begun consultations with "stakeholders".
Qoza said the CSIR is empowered to conduct an independent assessment, free of influence from Cwele and the telecoms department. The fact that the research institute is government owned won't compromise the integrity of its investigation, he added.
Two mobile industry executives contacted by TechCentral on Tuesday said they felt comfortable that the CSIR will be doing the research, but they asked not to be quoted. One senior industry executive said he is not concerned about the fact that the CSIR is government owned, saying the process will be transparent. He said the organisation also has the technical skills needed to come to the right conclusions.
The big operators have agreed to buy capacity from the Woan, among other concessions, to help make it financially sustainable. — © 2017 NewsCentral Media
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Charley Lewis on 13 July 2017 12:14 pm
Hmmm…. One wonders how this appointment was made. One presumes the Dept would need to go out to tender on this one, as its predecessor did in 2011.
It also raises a number of questions about the respective roles and responsibilities of ICASA and the DTPS in respect of spectrum. We know from the events leading up to last year's court ruling in respect of the planned high demand spectrum auction, that there has been an ongoing tussle between the policy-maker and the regulator over the control of spectrum. The White Paper of course (in line with the general undermining of regulatory independence that pervades it) takes away at least one of ICASA's key spectrum responsibilities, that
of band planning.
It also leads to some questions about the WOAN deal itself, and the extent to which the operators have acted in their own narrow self-interest in order to protect their precious spectrum, without seeking agreement of some of the wider issues of national interest such as the unscrambling of the convergence egg, with the sundering of ICASA back into SATRA and the IBA, and the protection of regulatory independence.

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Home / Cine News / Bollywood News / Arjun Kapoor has to say about his family pushing him to marry Malaika Arora
Arjun Kapoor has to say about his family pushing him to marry Malaika Arora
Bollywood actor Arjun Kapoor, who was last seen in Ashutosh Gowariker's 'Panipat', is constantly making it to the headlines due to his relationship with Malaika Arora. The duo has been quite vocal about their relationship and doesn't shy away from the media.
Recently, both of them were in Goa as they welcomed 2020 together and even posted a 'lovey-dovey' selfie on Instagram.
Recently, in an interview, Arjun opened up about settling down with his lady love. When he was asked if he faces family pressure to marry Malaika and settle down, to which he said that he listens to everyone but he does what he wants to do. He also went on to say that his family stops pushing him after a certain point. He says that he has never let them down with the way he conducts himself and they understand that if he makes a decision, it comes from a practical point of view. Arjun also said that whenever he takes a decision of that proportion, he will keep his family in mind.
While their fans are eagerly waiting for them to get married but the actor said that whenever he plans something like this, he won't hide it. For now, Arjun denied the news of his wedding rumours. But he accepted that the media has always been respectful about his relationship and hence he had like to return the respect.
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California Gubernatorial Recall 2003
(idea) by jme Fri Aug 01 2003 at 22:02:43
California Gubernatorial Recall: Chaos 2003
Thought the Bush vs. Gore debacle was fun? Think Jesse Ventura was Minnesota's idea of a good time? Just wait for October 7, 2003!
California's progressive constitution allows for recalling the governor if ten percent of registered voters sign a petition to do so. Darrel Issa, a Southern California businessman with sacks of money to throw around, led a campaign to kick Governor Gray Davis out of office (and, Issa hopes, install him.) (Of course, Issa is a Congressman from San Diego County - thanks, Ereneta.) The campaign rallied around the fiscal crisis the state's been in for a few years (Davis was first elected in 1998, before the current recession hit.) The charge has some merit - Davis seems to be a pretty poor manager and is essentially in the pocket of special interests, most notably the teachers' and prison guards' unions. Then again, 49 states are in debt right now, because the U.S. economy is in the crapper - not the fault of any one Governor.
Signature-gathering was easy and completely succesful. A recall election has been set by the Secretary of State for October 7, after the courts turned down the Davis camp's attempt to postpone it until spring.
A recall election is a very special thing. It's so special, even the state California State Constitution isn't quite clear on what it entails. From Article 2 (Voting, Initiative, Referendum, and Recall):
SEC. 15 (a) An election to determine whether to recall an officer and, if appropriate, to elect a successor shall be called by the Governor and held not less than 60 days nor more than 80 days from the date of certification of sufficient signatures...
(c) If the majority vote on the question is to recall, the officer is removed and, if there is a candidate, the candidate who receives a plurality is the successor. The officer may not be a candidate, nor shall there be any candidacy for an office filled pursuant to subdivision (d) of Section 16 of Article VI.
SEC. 17. If recall of the Governor or Secretary of State is initiated, the recall duties of that office shall be performed by the Lieutenant Governor or Controller, respectively.
SEC. 18. A state officer who is not recalled shall be reimbursed by the State for the officer's recall election expenses legally and personally incurred...
As it first became clear that the recall election would definitely happen, Lieutenant Governor Cruz Bustamante (who has a ceremonial, next-in-line position much like the V.P.) pointed out that part (a) could imply that no election needed to be held - that Bustamante would simply step in if Davis were recalled. Of course, this was instantly attacked as an undemocratic power grab, so Bustamante dropped the idea and declared that a successor will be elected if the majority chooses recall.
The succession angle isn't exhausted yet. A squad of sneak attack lawyers has filed suit against Bustamante, arguing that he made an unconstitutional decision under Section 15.a (they claim it is not "appropriate" to elect someone), and therefore should be put in office if Davis is recalled. Yes, they're suing Bustamante to get Bustamante in. (Obviously, Bustamante was elected because people like saying Bustamante Bustamante Bustamante.) Anyway, that case will be heard by the state Supreme Court. It would obviate a lot of people's plans if the lawsuit is successful.
Another argument erupted over who got to vote on the next Governor: just people voting to recall or all voters? A federal judge decided that everyone can vote, whether or not they try to recall Davis. This means the ballot will have two questions: one to recall, and one to elect the next Governor. A majority is needed to recall, and whoever gets the most votes then gets elected.
So who's running? Anybody who damn well pleases. If you've got $3,500, and 65 friends to back you, you're on the ballot! Practically speaking, this means mass insanity. Someone with 15 or 10 percent of the vote could easily take it for the next three years. (Of course, if the people would just implement approval voting, this wouldn't be a problem...)
Oh God, the candidates
Issa's been pretty candid about his campaign as an attempt to become Governor. As a conservative without wide support, he'd have serious trouble versus an average Democrat (on average, California is left-leaning, and the Democratic machine dominates state politics.) In this climate, who knows? At least he has a head start on the other candidates. He'd better watch his ass, though, as Davis has already mobilized against him. The basic message is that Issa is a felon-employing Nazi who's trying to steal the election. Nice. Of course, Issa has been working the "Davis is corrupt and incompetent" meme since the beginning.
Peter Miguel Camejo, a Bay Area money manager, announced his candidacy as a Green early on. He drew 5% of the 2002 vote. Can he rally disenchanted progressives to victory??? Dunno.
Interestingly, Camejo stands apart from Nader's 2000 idealism. He claims he doesn't want to be a "spoiler" (hell, everyone's a spoiler in this race) and is interested in cutting a deal so the Green Party will support a progressive Democrat, who might enjoy more support. Cool.
Arnold Schwarzenegger made a lot of noise about the recall, but it's still not clear if he'll run. He has a campaign staff already, but wonders if a candidacy would compromise his family's privacy. (Schwarzenegger has promised to announce his choice next Wednesday.) He has a bit of history in grass roots campaigns and enjoys tremendous recognition, so the media has been all over him. He's basically a moderate with an alleged history of drugs and women, so he's not likely to have support from the hard-line Republicans, but I'll bet that 10-15% of the voters don't care about a youthful indiscretion or two..
Richard Riordan was buried in the 2000 Republican primary by Davis' incredible amounts of money. Davis ran a massive campaign that assaulted Riordan on abortion, even though Riordan was marginally pro-choice at the time (besides that, the Governor really has nothing to do with abortion.) He's a popular social moderate, and many moderate Democrats are still pissed that Riordan was essentially eliminated as a choice because Davis saw him as the greatest threat. Riordan has said that he will only run if Schwarzenegger doesn't. I have no idea if this is true.
Bill Simon was barely defeated (47% to 42%) by Davis in 2002, despite the fact that Simon is more conservative than most Californians and was completely left behind in the fundraising phase. As he's picked up campaign papers already, Simon is very likely to run. Meh, he may be popular enough among conservatives to get enough votes.
While the Democratic party line is that no Democrats should run (the idea is that Democrats are forced to keep Davis), Senator Dianne Feinstein is under a lot of pressure to run anyway. She's certainly more popular than Davis, even though she's has publicly stated she won't run. Noders who like having freedom are advised to consider that in the Senate, she's made an excellent puppet for the "content" industry.
Arianna Huffington, a columnist who's a compassionate progressive (according to a site urging her to run), is considering a try, even though she's said she's not sure the recall is a good idea. Her former husband Michael, who served as a Republican state congressman and is now an independent, is considering a run too. Then you've got various Democrats such as Representative Maria Sanchez who want a Democratic alternative to Davis, you've got wacky third party candidates, you've got anyone else who wants in (Larry Flynt is running on a platform of free speech, casinos, and sex), you've got one hell of a circus.
Actually, Davis can't be counted out yet. Latest polls indicate 49±2% support for the recall, meaning pollsters really have no idea if the majority supports it. Davis may have a lot of problems, but he has the support of the California Democratic Party and gobs of interest groups, which means he will have an immense amount of money to spend on slandering everyone else, the usual Davis tactic. Clearly, he doesn't have to swing that many voters to keep the job, but if he runs the usual campaign, he'll turn a lot of voters off.
Davis' main arguments, approved by his legions of market drones, has been that the recall is attempt to "steal" the governorship (Gray Davis has a problem with thinking of himself as untouchably elite) and that the recall will cost $30-$35 million (an official estimate by the Secretary of State.) Apparently, this figure appalls voters, who would do well to know that the overall state budget is over a thousand times larger, and that the budget deadlocks California runs into every year cost much more than that. (Granted, they aren't necessarily Davis' fault and might just be worse if a Republican governor had to wrestle a budget through a hostile Democratic Congress.) Oh, and Article 2, Section 18 (above) is not terribly clear, but it may allow Davis, should he win, to recoup the entire $20 million (estimated) cost of his campaign from the state! Davis has said he won't, but who knows if he'll stick to his word? To many, the guy comes off as slimy and dishonest, but he might survive the term anyway. If not, the ensuing anarchy of a massively minority Governor ought to be amusing.
This election won't be the typical two-candidate festival of money and rhetoric. This election is a free-for-all.
The Bee's coverage: http://www.sacbee.com/content/politics/recall/
California State Constitution: http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/const-toc.html (Incidentally, the state constitution has been noded.)
Run Arianna Run!: http://runariannarun.com/
Ward Connerly's Racial Privacy Initiative will be on the ballot too, essentially by chance as it was expected to be voted on much later. I'd call this a Bad Thing because the RPI is a sweeping change that won't get half the attention, debate, or thought it deserves. Update: Bustamante has devoted millions of dollars in controversial campaign contributions to beating this initiative, now known as Prop. 54. Even Connerly now admits that it's screwed.
Jongleur recommends that I not forget Georgy Russell (http://www.georgyforgov.com/), who has nothing special to say, but is at least more attractive than most other candidates. (Update: Actually, she has some credentials - she's propably the only one capable of installing Linux. Read the Slashdot interview: http://interviews.slashdot.org/interviews/03/08/20/1331235.shtml
As of August 2, more than 70 candidates have filed the paperwork needed to go on the ballot and more than 100 say they will likely run, including porn star Mary Carey and billboard model Angelyne.
Since the election is a suprise, counties are in the middle of the transition from obsolete chad-producing equipment to more reliable voting machines. This means the new stuff will often not be ready, so we may see more fights over how votes are counted. To make things worse, the systems often can't accommodate so many candidates. For instance, in some counties the candidates might just be listed by number. So we can expect a whole lotta confusion come voting day.
One prominent candidate I didn't mention is Senator Tom McClintock of Simi Valley, who narrowly lost the election for controller in 2002 - more narrowly, he points out, than Simon lost to Davis. (Of course, Californians don't tend to give that much thought to a relatively low-profile office.) He's very likely to run.
Update, August 9:
Arnold announced his candidacy on The Tonight Show. Riordan has stuck to his word, and will sit it out. Issa has decided to drop out to strengthen the Republicans. Simon is sticking around, saying that his hard right views will beat Schwarzenegger's generally moderate positions.
Two Democrats have broken ranks to run in the recall: Bustamante and Insurance Comissioner John Garamendi. Bustamante enjoys strong support among Latinos and Democrats, and plans to run on a platform of "No on recall, Yes on Bustamante". Garamendo, who holds an obscure elected office, has a similar rationale - he wants to give Democrats someone to vote for. (He's tried for Governor twice before.) This is pretty silly, as he'll mainly just take votes from Bustamante, thereby helping the opposition.
Update, September 15:
So, I guess a bunch of stuff happened. Issa, former baseball commissioner Peter Ueberroth, and Bill Simon (most of the major Republicans) have dropped out, leaving Schwarzenegger and McClintock as the viable conservatives. The media has doted on Schwarzenegger since the beginning of this race, but has not enjoyed the massive support some predicted. He's polling very close to Bustamante (depending on the poll, but often they land within the margin of error), and has lost some novelty as he's elucidated his postions (which are mostly moderate by California standards - pro-choice, some gun control, for domestic partnerships but not gay marriage, etc.) He also took flak for a 1977 interview with Oui magazine describing his inclination for group sex, among other youthful indiscretions, and his clumsy psuedo-denials haven't helped things, although he and his wife, Maria Shriver have been pushing him as an upstanding, morally correct guy. (Online at http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/arnoldoui1.html)
From the right, Tom McClintock has been harrassing Schwarzenegger, insisting that he is too liberal for the Republican power base in California (which is probably too small to elect McClintock, as it was too small to elect social conservatives in recent elections...) This strategy is generally screwing the more popular Schwarzenegger, and McClintock insists that he will not back down - of course, that's the same rhetoric Uberroth, Simon, and Issa used shortly before backing down. We'll see.
Garamendi dropped out in a few days, leaving Cruz Bustamante the viable Democratic candidate. Davis hates his "No on the recall, Yes on Bustamante" line, but his plan of helping the budget with less spending and (gah!) increased taxes combined with his broad political and financial support and appeal to Latinos is working out well - the success of the recall and the success of Arnold's ascension are both uncertain now.
Ariana Huffington and Peter Camejo are both well into the race, in a brilliant plan to split the progressive vote. Have early reports of a collaboration turned into mere dreams???? Well, probably. Ariana seems to have lost interest in endorsing Camejo, should he become more viable.
135 candidates successfully registered by the filing deadline, (Gary Coleman, Larry Flynt, scores of people you've never heard of...) but God knows how many are actively campaigning. California is becoming very amused with the perpetual joke EVERYBODY'S RUNNING FOR GOVERNOR LOL!!!
The most pressing news: most of the legal challenges to the recall failed, but one worked! Today the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with the ACLU's charge that the obsolete voting equipment in several counties disproportionately harms minorities and delayed the recall election, suggesting that it be held on the March 3rd primary, but setting no official date. Of course, the judgement is being apprealed like crazy. Pro-recall forces charge that this is the most liberal circuit court around and say the Supreme Court will overrule them - but the Ninth Circuit's unanimous decision is based on Bush v. Gore! Yeah, I bet they'll overturn that ruling.
More as developments develop.
On September 23, an 11-member panel randomly selected from the Ninth Circuit Court unanimously overturned the court's earlier decision to postpone the election. The ACLU won't appeal to the Supreme Court, so the election's on (again) for the 7th.
Bustamante and Schwarzenegger have both ignored their respective promises to run clean campaigns, and are now running attack ads. All the major candidates are hoping for a strong showing at the only debate that Arnold's participating in. (The, uh, "debate" has candidates giving scripted answers to questions issued ahead of time. And they call Arnold a political lightweight!)
The recall went thorugh, and Schwarzenegger pretty much crushed everyone. Results from CNN.com:
55% for recall, 45% opposed
49% for Schwarzenegger, 32% for Bustamante, 13% for McClintock, 3% for Camejo, 4% for assorted douche-bags
(Schwarzenegger beat Bustamante in every region other than the Bay Area)
36% for Prop. 54, 64% opposed
Now comes the nice, smooth transition. And more lawsuits.
Arnold Schwarzenegger approval voting 2000 US Presidential Election Racial Privacy Initiative
Jesse Ventura Final Fantasy V: Dear Friends Southwest Voter Registration Education Project v. Shelley (California Recall) 2004 US Presidential Election
Trans Europe Express Peter Miguel Camejo Georgy Russell 1988 US Presidential Election
Richard Riordan I'm a liberal and I'm evil! Liberal media 2021 California Gubernatorial Recall Election
Mary Carey August 6, 2003 Jerry Brown An argument for states' rights in the US
Third World Election Thunderdome - solution to the US Presidential Election Mudslinging
warp core
E2 is unfriendly to new noders
Monkey! Bat! Robot Hat!


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Q: Eleusian vs. Eleusinian (and, to a lesser extent, Elysian) Both Eleusian and Eleusinian are used in relation to mysteries. I've only seen Elysian used in relation to Elysian Fields.
Given that the suffix -ian denotes "of or belonging to," I'm wondering if there is a rationale behind the use of Eleusinian. If I wanted to describe something 'of or belonging to' Eleusis, it would seem that Eleusian would be the most obvious choice.
Is Eleusinian used specifically to denote a meaning broader than originating from Eleusis? I'm wondering what (if any) the linguistic basis is for this.

A: According to American Heritage and Random House, Eleusinian is from Latin Eleusīni(us) "of Eleusis," which is in turn from Greek Eleusinios. The stem change doesn't indicate any special meaning; that's simply how it appears in the source languages. (As terdon notes, it's from the genitive inflection of the name.)
Eleusian does not appear in dictionaries, and very rarely appears in English writing. It's most likely a misspelling.

A: To be more precise, the English word Eleusinian can be traced to the ancient Greek Ἐλευσίς (Elefsis, eu is read as fin Greek) which becomes Ἐλευσῖνος (Elefsinos) in the genitive and provides the -in- in Eleusinian. Ἐλευσίς is a place name (Ελευσίνα, pronounced Elefsina, in modern Greek) and since the mysteries are the mysteries of Eleusis, in Greek the genitive is used so they are the mysteries of Ἐλευσῖνος => Eleusinian.
Eleusian is simply wrong and Elysian is completely unrelated, it comes from the ancient Greek Ἠλύσιον which is the name of a place in the underworld (Hades). It was, essentially, the nice neighborhood of Hell, the equivalent of Heaven. It has absolutely nothing to do with Eleysis or its mysteries.

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Q: Don't send filter if no values for ExtJS grid panel using remote filter (numeric vs. string fields) ExtJS does not send a query in the request if you click the checkbox for filtering on a grid using a remote filter for numeric columns, however it sends a filter object with an empty value if you click on the filter box for any other type of value.
Here is an example of what is sent on a non-numeric request when you click the filter checkbox for a column and there is NO value in there yet (I've decoded the url for ease of reading):
getData?_dc=1640804600546&start=0&page=1&limit=25&query=[{"operator":"like","property":"sleeveName"}]&node=root
Here is what happens when you do the same thing, but for a numeric column:
getData?_dc=1640804595175&page=1&start=0&limit=25&node=root
As you can see, there is no query param sent at all in the second one, and this is the desired outcome for me for the first one if possible.


This is the gatehouse to the Inner Bailey.
This is a picture taken from the highest tower at 147ft, I actually ran up it, nearly killed myself in the process and ended up finding out that I was going the wrong way up and met a disgruntled band of tourists three quarters the way up. In this photo you can see much of the Inner Bailey (the grounds), the quarters (building to left of photo) and the Ghost Tower (in the far corner).
Another shot from the tallest of the two towers, though it barely can be seen the town of Warwick lies behind me.
This bad shot was taken of the outside castle grounds, with mazes (background) and in the foreground is another smaller tower situated on a motte.
This was the view from next to the ghost tower, here we can see the tower where the above photo's were taken (to the left), the gatehouse with ajoining barbican (in the middle, barbican cannot be seen) and the other tower to the right.
This was taken by night from the barbican and gives a good frontal view of the gatehouse and surrounding battlements.
I Had time to sneak in a quick Castlegasm before leaving and here is me afterwards in a "smoking cigarette position" after a good castlegasm - though id like to point out that I do not smoke - and that that Smoking May Cause Lung Disease - so don't do it!
Warwick Castle, located on the River Avon, was erected in 1068 by William of Normandy. This castle was a literal impenatreble fortress - the way William wanted it to be. For centuries after this the castle was the home of the mighty Earls of Warwick - key figures in the War of the Roses and the 100 Years War with France. Later it played a vital role in the English Civil War as a powerful stronghold. As castles declined in importance the castle was lavishly furninshed together with a huge armoury.
Castles were an important part of life during medieval times. The craftmanship of such fortresses was a skill in itself having to take in many tactical and strategical factors. The early examples of a castle was known as the "Motte and Bailey" - the motte being Norman for turf which encorporated into a hill, and Bailey the fence around the outside and the area within. Later the traditional square stone castles came about. The basic parts of a castle are the keep, which is the large structure holding the leadership of the castle, the battlements - the squaring on the walls of the castles, the gatehouse and portcullis - the entry to the castle usually heavily fortified and the barbican which is a second gatehouse on the outside of the moat. This is a castle in a nutshell.


Mellow out for the few days of winter we have left with this exclusive Transcending Sound playlist on Spotify.
Listen to Transcending Sound's favorite songs of 2018, a blend of music released by black and/or urban music creatives released in 2018.
Continuing with the A and B side playlists, check out Transcending Sound's two fall playlists over on Spotify and SoundCloud.
It took forever, but Transcending Sound's Summer 2018 playlist is public.
I hesitated to listen to Nas' new album, but I listened anyway. Read why I hesitated to listen and my thoughts on NASIR.
Spring is officially here and so is Transcending Sound's Spring 2018 Playlist, bloom.
The Baltimore-based producer eu-IV was kind enough to share one of his new songs with Transcending Sound from his new project. Listen to it here.


text:
Holocentrus rufus är en fiskart som först beskrevs av Johann Julius Walbaum 1792.  Holocentrus rufus ingår i släktet Holocentrus och familjen Holocentridae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Externa länkar

Beryxartade fiskar
rufus


These small cakes are simple to make and will be mixed and out of the oven in less than an hour. Enjoy the rich, warm and nutty flavors of winter with this hot dessert.
Self-Saucing Maple Pecan Cakes from Izy Hossack – Top With Cinnamon on Vimeo.


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Writer Celebrates Ireland's Meath Coast
Published on March 21, 2008 by Olivia Seery
When Brian Langan had to choose a project for his Self-Expression and Leadership Programme, it seemed natural to choose a book project. Brian works as an editor for a publishing company, and is himself a writer, having had a novel published in 1999. It was also not difficult to choose who would benefit from his project: the people of the towns of Bettystown, Laytown, Mornington and Donacarney, in the Meath Coast area of Ireland.
"There is a huge but largely untapped sense of community spirit in the area," says Brian. "One of the aims of the project was to tap into this community spirit and to raise awareness among the area's population of the power of a vibrant community. Another aim was to provide funding for and raise awareness of the need for a community centre. At the moment, there is little in the way of a 'hub' for the community, a central place for local people to gather to share their resources, time and energies in pursuing leisure activities, community activities, etc. I could see that a new community centre would give an outlet, particularly for younger people, who are the future of the community, after all."
Brian's idea was to put together a book celebrating the people of the area, written by those people. He put out a call through the local press for stories, anecdotes, poems, dreams and reflections about the area. "The response was fantastic! Local politicians, businesses, schools and clergy all got behind the book. In the end, we had a great compilation of over thirty written pieces for the book, including pieces from schoolchildren and from two sisters who had been to the same school in the 1940s."
The book, Remembering the Future: A Meath Coast Miscellany, was published in November 2007. By Christmas, it had almost sold out of its print run of 500 copies, raising over €5,000 for the Meath East Community Association's fund for a new community centre. "I really feel the book created something special, and that people found a new pride and dignity in their area. It was like a collective imagining of what the area is like and how it can be in the future."
Brian feels that the book has helped to create a sort of "critical mass" that will see the new community centre up and running within the next five years. "I've only lived in Bettystown for two years, but I get such a great sense that it is a wonderful place to bring up kids. I'd like to think that my own children will benefit from the growing confidence and togetherness of the community."
Brian can be contacted at [email protected].
Books, Ireland
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1 thought on "Writer Celebrates Ireland's Meath Coast"
lionheart says:
Well, we can`t change the world alone but Brian has planted his seed for sure.


Indian mustard, which is also called mustard greens and has a scientific name of Brassica juncea comes from the Brassica family, which Brussel sprouts, cabbage, and broccoli are also a member of. It is endemic to the Himalayan region of India and have been in use for over 5,000 years. It comes in red, purple, and green, with green being the most common type in the United States.
Indian mustard's leaves have toothed, scalloped, frilled, or lacey edges. It has golden yellow flowers and acrid-tasting brown seeds.
Indian mustard is classified into many kinds: Chinese green mustard, southern giant curled mustard, Ethiopian mustard, green-in-snow, red giant, French brown, Burgonde tilney, cha tsoi, mizuna, Florida broadleaf, Osaka purple-leaved, and tai tau choi.
Indian mustard is good for regulating cholesterol levels in the body and lowering hypertension. This is because Indian mustard stimulates the process of bile binding, which is also good for lessening the risks of cancer and heart diseases.
Indian mustard is good for purifying the blood. Its high cholorophyll content enables it to neutralize environmental toxins from the bloodstream while at the same time eliminating chemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals in the body.
Indian mustard is good for the skin. Its vitamin C content provides for collagen buildup in the skin, thereby maintaining its health and radiance and preventing the formation of acne.
Indian mustard has anti-inflammation properties. It lessens the painful symptoms of arthritis.
Indian mustard is good for the digestive system. The fiber in Indian mustard helps get rid of harmful toxins in the digestive tract. It also protects against risks of having hemorrhoids, colon cancer, and constipation.
Indian mustard is good for the skeletal system. Its vitamin K content – around 524 percent of the recommended daily intake in just one cup – stops bone loss in people with osteoporosis. A word of warning, however: too much consumption of Indian mustard can lead to blood clots. Also, people who are suffering from oxalate urinary tract stones are advised against eating leafy greens from the Brassica family such as Indian mustards, for the natural substances in these vegetables can cause oxalate stones to crystallize, thus aggravating patients' conditions.
Indian mustard is good for the immune system. A cup of it has nearly 60 percent of the recommended daily value for vitamin C, which acts as an antioxidant that fights off free radicals and repairs cell damage in the body, thus shielding the body against common seasonal ailments like colds and the flu.
Indian mustard also supports the ocular, circulatory, and nervous systems.
Indian mustard is best sauted, along with other vegetables such as kale or spinach, to reduce its slightly peppery taste. You can also try incorporating it into a soup along with other grins to make the soup hearty and flavorful.
Here are some easy-to-prepare Indian mustard dishes for you to enjoy.
Indian mustard is good for the digestive, skeletal, immune, ocular, circulatory, and nervous systems.
Indian mustard is good for regulating cholesterol levels in the body and lowering hypertension.
Indian mustard is good for purifying the blood.


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Catastrophic conditions: Our obligation to reimagine cities as fauna refuges
By Peter Fisher | 21 November 2019, 11:00am | comments
We need to find better ways to integrate wildlife with our city structures (Screenshot via YouTube)
While catastrophic fires eradicate habitats, it's important to think of ways to integrate nature into our city environments, writes Dr Peter Fisher.
LATE LAST MONTH, Melburnians awoke to the news that their plane trees were facing a death warrant — the city council was planning to euthanise their like in the CBD. They were causing allergenic responses from shedding leaf and shoot hairs, guilty for those sneezes, wheezes and streaming eyes despite expert opinion to the contrary.
How did we get to this overtly anthropocentric position? It's a sort of halfway house where greenery/trees are promoted as serving human needs like mitigating heat island effects, calming the psyche (amenity/liveability) but little to show by the way of specifics as to how this public intervention might influence different strands of urban wildlife and birds in particular.
Well, we're only now beginning to peel back the layers as to the complexities of rewilding, including the Darwinian ramifications where new species look to be evolving.
Who would have thought that rainbow lorikeets might be on that path, having fastened upon a seasonal delicacy, poplar buds (carbohydrate sugars), for sustenance? The same goes for yellow-tailed black cockatoos in going for pine cones (which may have prevented the bird from going extinct).
Another place right in our midst
In any event, take a moment this spring to look up, look out, look down and above all, listen — the 'burbs are abuzz with avifaunae. The economy might be going south, but our feathered friends have lightened up.
Out in Melbourne's Glen Eira, bird watchers have been hitting on red wattlebirds, silvereyes, white-plumed honeyeaters, crested doves, spotted pardalotes and Australian kestrels. And across many localities, there's a biophilic sound bite of chirping rosellas, screeching flocks of lorikeets and sulphur-crested cockatoos and, if you're in luck, the haunting "kee-yow" of yellow-tailed black cockatoos.
So, what to make of declarations of the kind that people are at the heart of cities?
A legacy of cohabitation
As far as Melbourne is concerned, it has the feel of a species turned in on itself, oblivious to the wild cohabitants and, in particular, birds. It was, after all, their original gig along with the Boonwurrung and the Wadawurrung.
Here's how an early settler, William Westgarth, with field naturalist inclinations feted the avian delights in 1840:
I have spoken of the little bell bird, which, piping its pretty monotone, flitted in those earlier years amongst the acacias on the banks of the Yarra close to Melbourne, but which has taken its departure to far distances many a year ago. The gorgeous black cockatoo was another of our early company, now also long since departed. For a very few years after my arrival they still hovered about Melbourne, and I recollect gazing in admiration at a cluster of six of them perched upon a large gum-tree near the town, upon the Flemington-road.
As it turned out, Westgarth's proto-Melbourne – wattle in bloom, kangaroo grass, kookaburras and kingfishers along the river – was set for the drop: a centrepiece of that setting were The Falls, where clear, freshwater cascaded over a rock ledge. They were gone by at least 1858 and across to the west, Batman's Swamp, with its unparalleled assortment of birds was on its way to becoming a rubbish dump and a home to all manner of noxious industries.
Vale The Falls: At foundation (top, source: nla.gov.au) and in 1858 (below, source: Culture Victoria). An awful lot of trashing in just two decades.
Bird cities: One ecology or two?
As our numbers grew further, habitats were transformed, many eradicated in their entirety leaving only remnants along watercourses.
From the 1970s however, vast numbers of native plants were introduced especially into home gardens inspired in part by Edna Walling, making for food (nectar, grubs, seed and insects) forming a dense understorey of shrubs; in the process serving as nesting sites and shelter for small native birds. For the first time, residents were giving something back and contributing in a meaningful way to biodiversity.
The resulting mosaic of native plants (initially of nonlocal provenance like banksias and grevilleas) along with exotic vegetation created niches for some birds. These were/are mainly the urban adaptors — creatures who have learned to live with us along with invertebrates. Still others are urban avoiders who can't live with us and suffer when their habitats are overwhelmed with the loss of bushland and farmland due to urban expansion.
Today, both adaptor and avoider populations are in evidence (see map below) and this is necessarily in flux due to seasonality, expansion of settlement and/or loss of vegetation through densification and/or climate change impact.
Adaptors and avoiders: The bird city (Source: ebird.org)
Bird city can be thought of as an overlay on people city. It's a go-to for birds (or at least bird watchers) as far as their food and shelter web is concerned, in as much the same way as buildings, roads and transport networks are for us.
Critically, it's an alternate way of viewing a city like Melbourne for an integrated biodiversity management.
Lower the fences
There are clear opportunities to enlarge local habitat by joining private gardens when rear fencing can be eliminated or made more porous. And wise counsel is at hand through Gardens For Wildlife, a community-based initiative supported by a number of councils. Apart from shrubs and grasses, participants are encouraged to see the value in things like fallen logs and old trees.
It's what goes on in this space which will burnish rewilding as species seek refuge from desiccation and habitat collapse. And, as the recently concluded national bird count across Australia's backyards has again underscored, these are the penultimate places for avian and other wildlife and they're in the private domain, whilst careful attention to parkland and community spaces to create nuclei where small birds and animals can congregate can bolster their efficacy.
Canopy thinking
In the meantime, trees have become a policy instrument to mitigate heat stress, reduce stormwater run-off whilst adding to (human) amenity. Despite claims that they add to biodiversity – wildlife corridors aside – canopies tend to create spaces for dominant native birds such as the noisy miner and red wattlebird, which, by their behaviour, exclude smaller birds. The evergreen varieties can also limit sunlight reaching understorey plants (and vegetable plots).
The Greening of #Melbourne #Australia by planting trees to become an urban #forest https://t.co/4NOYzu3Qg2 #AirQuality #pollution #biodiversity #nature #climate #health
— Caramel & Parsley (@CaramelParsley) July 13, 2019
But, the real spoiler is catastrophic climate change and there's been plenty of evidence of that lately. Cities can be vulnerable to fire, especially the so-called leafy suburbs (and those slated for canopy cover) whilst searing winds, rising soil temperatures and declining soil moisture could challenge even the most proficient horticulturists intent on growing their saplings to maturity.
Respite city
Away from the public policy gaze, further waves of refugees of the non-human variety are coming to town, in search of food, water, shelter and respite from heat and desiccation. Our cities have played host before. The first wave (of adaptors) came with the Millennium Drought, featuring yellow-crested cockatoos, little corellas, crested pigeons and galahs from inland Australia.
These immigrants joined the passerines that thrived in the Edna Walling-inspired home gardens and grassy verges, complemented of late by some of their compatriots from the dry country.
City living nowadays often feels like being in a long flight aviary; you could hardly be oblivious to, if not captivated by, the avian sideshow of squawking rainbow lorikeets (voted Australia's number one bird) even sighted flying down the glass canyons of Melbourne's Collins Street.
A shared space amid climate turmoil
As Bill McKibben notes, the new nature is constantly destabilising as temperatures climb, so a kind of hyper flexibility is necessary.
The former is reflected in a high degree of fragility and flux across both rural and city environments: new research by Birdlife Australia indicates that something untoward is happening to the quality and productivity of habitats. Put simply, a run of bad seasons can seemingly knock the stuffing out of some regional passerine populations such that they don't bounce back even when it eventually rains. Without a doubt, the decline of species in the hinterland is complex but identifying and intensively protecting drought refuges could play a key ameliorative role. More research is sure to follow.
What is sure, too, is that Australians are alive to the fate of these enigmatic creatures of the other Australia.
Countless birds, animals, insects, lizards burnt alive. We need biodiversity. morrison COULD have made a difference. He deliberately chose not to. He doesn't care for Australia.#LNPfail #NSWfires https://t.co/cauiEYv3Mh
— 💧RavingUrbanLunatic 🌱🌏 (@traverselife) November 14, 2019
Dr Peter Fisher is an Adjunct Professor at the School of Architecture & Built Environment, Deakin University.
😭😭😭 Australia among the world's worst on biodiversity conservation https://t.co/yraVfDEvfF via @ConversationEDU
— Claire Isabel ™ ☆ 🐨 (@claireisabel) November 20, 2019
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ENVIRONMENT ANIMALS
Urban biodiversity Melbourne plane trees heat island rainbow lorikeets Glen Eira Boonwurrung Wadawurrung William Westgarth The Falls
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Every user with a login can view and order items from the Service Catalog from departments within your organization. These catalog items can include goods, services, and information.
Anything that can be ordered individually can be ordered as a catalog item. Anything that only exists as a part of a larger whole cannot be a catalog item. For example, a laptop can be a catalog item, but a high-resolution display for a laptop cannot.
After placing an order, its progress can be tracked by the requester. Fulfillment groups complete a predefined series of tasks in a fulfillment process that includes required approvals.
Managers can review record history and run reports to improve the service catalog process. For example, the manager can see most commonly ordered items, or those that are on backorder.
The home page for a service catalog lists the goods and services available to order from that catalog.
To place a request from a service catalog, navigate to the catalog homepage and select the item to order.
You can view the audit history of a variable from Requested Items.
You can save catalog items to your wish list and visit them later to complete the ordering process.
Perform the health check of a Service Catalog page. The UI Page Customization Diagnostics window displays the UI macros applicable for the Service Catalog page and their corresponding states. For issues on a Service Catalog page due to customized UI macros, you can identify the source of broken functionality.


text:
What are fundamental rights ?
Title I: Dignity
1 - Human dignity
2 - Right to life
3 - Right to integrity of the person
4 - Prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
5 - Slavery / Forced Labour
6 - Right to liberty and security
7 - Respect for private and family life
8 - Protection of personal data
9 - Right to marry and right to found a family
10 - Freedom of thought, conscience and religion
11 - Freedom of expression and information
12 - Freedom of assembly and of association
13 - Freedom of the arts and sciences
14 - Right to education
15 - Freedom to choose an occupation and right to engage in work
16 - Freedom to conduct a business
17 - Right to property
18 - Right to asylum
19 - Protection in the event of removal, expulsion or extradition
Title III: Equality
20 - Equality before the law
21 - Non-discrimination
22 - Cultural, religious and linguistic diversity
23 - Equality between women and men
24 - The rights of the child
25 - The rights of the elderly
26 - Integration of persons with disabilities
27 - Workers' right to information and consultation within the undertaking
28 - Right of collective bargaining and action
29 - Right of access to placement services
30 - Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal
31 - Fair and just working conditions
32 - Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work
33 - Family and professional life
34 - Social security and social assistance
35 - Health care
36 - Access to services of general economic interest
37 - Environmental protection
38 - Consumer protection
Title V: Citizens' rights
39 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at elections to the European Parliament
40 - Right to vote and to stand as a candidate at municipal elections
41 - Right to good administration
42 - Right of access to documents
43 - European Ombudsman
44 - Right to petition
45 - Freedom of movement and of residence
46 - Diplomatic and consular protection
47 - Right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial
48 - Presumption of innocence and right of defence
49 - Principles of legality and proportionality of criminal offences and penalties
50 - Right not to be tried or punished twice in criminal proceedings for the same criminal offence
51 - Field of application
52 - Scope and interpretation
53 - Level of protection
54 - Abuse of rights
EU institutions and other bodies
Member States of the EU
Civil society and the Fundamental Rights Platform
NHRIs, Equality Bodies and Ombudsperson Institutions
UN, OSCE and other international organisations
FRANET
Expanded, systematic hate crime data collection and reporting by the Austrian police
Promising Practice
Systematische Erfassung diskriminierender Motivlagen bei Strafanzeigen
The project targets Austrian police and aims to improve police hate crime recording and data collection procedures and to build the police's capacity to treat hate crime victims and investigate hate crime.
Improve recording and data collection
Flagging potential hate crimes
Provision of guidance, training and capacity building
Use of bias-indicators
Promising practice :
Federal Ministry of the Interior (Bundesministerium für Inneres).
The Institute for the Sociology of Law and Criminology (Institut für Rechts- und Kriminalsoziologie, IRKS) is a scientific partner of the project.
Start and end date
Start date: 1 November 2020.
End date: ongoing training and data collection/project ends in August 2021.
National.
Target group(s)
Main beneficiaries are (potential) victims of hate crime and hate speech in Austria.
Austrian police force, which is made up of 28,500 police officers.
Local communities and decision makers in public authorities, notably in the Ministry of the Interior.
This project (EU Grant Agreement No. 847659 HC-POL-DATA) is funded by the EU's Rights, Equality and Citizenship Programme 2014–2020.
Extend and strengthen the capability of the Austrian police to investigate hate crime and hate speech cases through systematic recording.
Improve hate crime data collection and evaluation.
Adequately interact with victims and ensure that their rights are respected through implementing targeted training activities for police officers.
New flagging system for hate crime data collection and evaluation in the police recording database. Prosecutors receive notifications about flagged hate crime cases automatically.
Internal police decree on hate crime, in particular on its definition and data collection and data quality management procedures, including extended lists of bias indicators.
Scientific pilot report on hate crime including the results of the first representative survey on hate crime victimisation in Austria conducted by project partner IRKS and the Ministry of the Interior – to be published in July 2021.
Police information folders for hate crime victims (short version), including the main project results (longer version) – published in July 2021.
Since August 2020, an e-learning seminar on hate crime, which is delivered through the e-Campus of the Police Training Academy (Sicherheitsakademie, SIAK), has been available to the whole police force. The seminar consists of three modules. By 10 May 2021, 22,788 police officers had been examined and had obtained certification. Since May 2021, an additional module for prosecutors and judges has been available.
As an extension of the e-learning curriculum, 207 multipliers from all federal provinces underwent a further two-day training course. They were provided with various training materials (an extensive handbook, teaching boards, visiting cards with bias indicators for all police officers, PowerPoint presentations, quizzes, model cases, videos, etc.). The multipliers are providing in-service trainings for all frontline officers and serve as contact points internally and externally for non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and victim support organisations.
Presentation of the pilot report, including to civil society, in particular the permanent participation platform of civil society in the Ministry of the Interior (Zivilgesellschaftliches Dialoggremium), in which all six dimensions of diversity are represented by NGOs, in July 2021.
The project aims to provide a scientific basis to improve the recording of discriminatory/bias motives in criminal charges.
Since 1 November 2020, a new flagging system with tick boxes, drop-down menus, tool tips and obligatory 'further comments' fields has been operational online in the police recording database. This enables the police to record bias motives according to different legally protected groups. The following bias motives are included:
disability (including drop-down menu)
gender (including drop-down menu)
skin colour o national/ethnic origin
religion (including drop-down menu)
sexual orientation (including drop-down menu)
social status (including drop-down menu) o worldview (including drop-down menu)
no bias motive.
Fully programmed interfaces between the police database and the database of the Ministry of Justice mean that the flagged hate crime data will also be visible to prosecutors once the investigation reports are sent.
The police interrogation tool provides guidance on hate crime victim assessment before conducting interviews.
The police can access online hate crime information (including bias indicators).
A first representative victimisation survey on hate crime has been conducted.
IRKS carries out international comparative studies on data collection and systematic observations of the implementation process and comparisons of the collected data with other data sources.
Critical success factors
Ongoing dialogue with civil society organisations since the project's development phase, especially the 'No Hate Speech Movement' and other stakeholders.
Ongoing dialogue on lessons learned and promising practices with international institutions. These include the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, the European Commission, the EU High-level Group on combating racism, xenophobia and other forms of intolerance and its subgroups, the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights and other Member States (e.g. four study visits to Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and Slovakia were carried out within the framework of this project).
Actors involved in the design and implementation of the practice
From January to March 2020, 17 meetings with various civil society organisations and NGOs took place to improve the check boxes, bias indicators and model cases and build trust. In February 2021, the progress of the project was presented to these partners at a follow-up meeting.
As the project management is shared with Department II/1 – Organisation, Service affairs and Analysis of the federal police, various stakeholders from across the whole police force, including its trade union, have been involved in the preparation and implementation of this project.
Project partner IRKS is involved scientifically in all the work packages and main outputs of the project (e.g. it carried out 15 field interviews with police officers in the project's development phase to evaluate the draft flagging system).
Since November 2020, Department II/BK/4 – Crime Analysis of the Federal Criminal Intelligence Service and Department III/10 – Fundamental and Human Rights have evaluated all flagged hate crime data and some potential non-flagged hate crime data in the police database. The reporting officers are receiving reasoned change requests and additional evaluation cycles have shown that these requests are mostly implemented.
The e-learning seminar on hate crime and other training materials are regularly updated in accordance with legal developments and systematic feedback forms received from participants.
Publicly available contact details
Federal Ministry of the Interior
Department III/10 – Fundamental and Human Rights
Find out more about the Agency and its work here.
Where to turn for help
Fundamental rights define minimum standards to ensure everyone is treated with dignity. We help promote and protect these rights.


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The California EAR Unit was an American chamber ensemble dedicated to the performance of contemporary classical music.  The group was founded in March 1981 in Los Angeles, California.

The original members of the EAR Unit were Dorothy Stone (flute); James Rohrig (clarinet); Amy Knoles and Daniel Kennedy (percussion); Gaylord Mowrey and Michael McCandless (piano); Robin Lorentz and Mary Terranova (violin); Erika Duke (cello); and Rand Steiger (conductor). By 1983 Terranova, Kennedy and McCandless had departed, and Arthur Jarvinen (percussion) and Lorna Eder (piano) joined. After many years with the same personnel, changes began to occur and one by one original members departed and new performers joined the group. Amy Knoles is the only remaining original member, along with longtime pianist Vicki Ray, and violinist Eric KM Clark.

The EAR Unit was formed at the California Institute of the Arts in 1981 by a group of students who had all been performing in the CalArts 20th-Century Players under the direction of Stephen "Lucky" Mosko. Inspired by their experiences with Mosko, and aware that Los Angeles at the time did not have a resident contemporary music ensemble, Steiger and Rohrig gathered a group of colleagues together after a rehearsal and in the meeting that followed in the CalArts Cafeteria the idea for the group was developed. The name EAR Unit was chosen sometime later, after many weeks of debate.

In 1983 the EAR Unit performed a concert at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (one of the first of over 100 they would play there) featuring the West Coast premiere of Elliott Carter's Triple Duo, Louis Andriessen's "Hoketus" a satirical work written for the occasion by Nicholas Slonimsky, and the premiere of While you were Art, by Frank Zappa. Zappa asked the EAR Unit to perform the work silently while playing a synthesized recording, and they complied with his wishes, learning the piece and matching the recording precisely. But after the concert he told the Los Angeles Times that the statement of the piece "is that the whole of serious music in Los Angeles is as fake as the finger-synching in the piece."

In the 1980s the EAR Unit often juxtaposed strikingly different works on the same program. At one of the first concerts in 1982, in a bank building in downtown Los Angeles, they presented a program that included works by Steve Reich, Pierre Boulez, Frederic Rzewski, and Donald Martino. Later, in San Francisco they combined Martino's Noturno with Stockhausen's Stimmung, and Subotnick's Key to Songs.

Beginning in 1987 the California EAR Unit had been Ensemble-in-Residence at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.  During that time they have presented over 500 premieres of musical works. Later they held court at REDCAT in the Disney Hall Complex in downtown Los Angeles.

In 1999 The EAR Unit received a Letter of Distinction from the American Music Center. Among the many other composers the EAR Unit has commissioned and premiered are Louis Andriessen, Eve Beglarian, Henry Brant, Kitty Brazelton, Joan LaBarbara, Annea Lockwood, Scott Lindroth, Robert Paterson (composer), Mel Powell,  Terry Riley, Erkki-Sven Tüür, Wadada Leo Smith, Ann Millikan, Nicholas Frances Chase and Julia Wolfe.

External links
The California EAR Unit official site

References

Musical groups from Los Angeles
Contemporary classical music ensembles
Musical groups established in 1981
1981 establishments in California
California Institute of the Arts alumni


text:
\section{Introduction}

Quantum effects in low dimensional magnets lead to a diversity of novel ground states, thereby attracting much experimental and theoretical attention in order to understand the impact of these effects on the properties of low dimensional systems.
Among others, the integrable one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnetic S=1/2 Heisenberg spin chain is a particularly interesting
model system. It is characterized by a quantum critical ground state lacking any long range order and by a gapless spectrum of elementary S=1/2 excitations (spinons). Although being known since more than 80 years, it is still a very interesting model system from both the theoretical and the experimental point of view. This was demonstrated by a recent report on highly precise measurements of the spinon excitation spectrum of a 1D S=1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain material by means of inelastic neutron scattering.\cite{Mourigal2013} The chain cuprates Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ and SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ are very good realizations of the 1D antiferromagnetic S=1/2 Heisenberg model.
They exhibit static magnetism only at low temperatures, namely at $T_N = 5.4$\,K and $T_N = 2$\,K, respectively.\cite{Keren1993, Kojima1997, Matsuda1997} For SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$, inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements reported the short-ranged nature of the static magnetism below $T_N$ and the gapless spinon excitation spectrum down to the lowest measured energy transfer of 0.5\,meV.\cite{Zaliznyak1999}
The $^{63}$Cu nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spin-lattice relaxation rates \slrr\ of both compounds display the theoretically predicted temperature independent behavior of a S=1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain.\cite{Sachdev1994, Sandvik1995, Takigawa1996, HammerathPRL2011}
Spin-charge separation, which is an essential feature of the 1D Hubbard model,\cite{Giamarchi2004} was experimentally observed already 15 years ago for both compounds.\cite{Kim1996, Neudert1998}
Recently, a spin-orbital separation has been reported for Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ by means of resonant inelastic x-ray spectroscopy (RIXS).\cite{SchlappaNature2012}

Apart from the experimental evidences for the good one dimensionality of these compounds, up to now only a few investigations focused on the effects of disorder introduced by impurities in these systems. However, such studies can reveal important information. For instance, by increasing the purity of the primary chemicals for the crystal growth, a very large spinon heat conductivity could be observed in highly-pure SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$, indicating ballistic transport, which is a consequence of the integrability of the Heisenberg model.\cite{Hlubek2010} Direct magnetic (Ni) and nonmagnetic (Pd) impurity doping on the Cu sites within the spin chain structure of Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ led to an expected increase of the Curie contribution in the magnetic susceptibility and to the theoretically predicted reduction of $T_N$.\cite{Mahajan2001, Kojima2004} For SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ it has been shown that the increase of the Curie contribution is the same for magnetic (Ni) and nonmagnetic (Zn, Ga) dopants, suggesting that its origin is the general chain break effect of the impurities, while Ni remains in a low spin (S=0) state.\cite{Chattopadhyay2011} However, the observation of only a slight increase of the Curie contribution upon Ni doping could also be linked to the appearance of a pseudo spin gap in the spinon excitation spectrum of SrCu$_{0.99}$Ni$_{0.01}$O$_2$, as recently reported by inelastic neutron scattering.\cite{Simutis2013}
Unexpected strong effects have also been observed in Sr$\mathrm{_{0.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$.
The introduction of nonmagnetic Ca dopants on the Sr sites outside the zigzag chain structures drastically suppressed the spinon heat transport\cite{Hlubek2011} and led to an exponential decrease of the $^{63}$Cu NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate \slrr\ below 100\,K, pointing towards the opening of a spin gap.\cite{HammerathPRL2011}
Density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) calculations suggested that Ca induces a weak bond disorder in the spin chains leading to a small
alternation $\delta$ of the intrachain exchange coupling $J$ along the chains which causes the opening of the spin gap $\Delta$.\cite{HammerathPRL2011}
These calculations also showed that the value of $\Delta$ does not depend on the strength and the sign of the interchain coupling $J'$, but on the strength of the alternation $\delta$ of the intrachain coupling $J$.

Here, we report measurements of the $^{63}$Cu NMR spin-lattice relaxation rate \slrr\ on the single chain compound Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$, where we observe a very similar decrease of the $^{63}$Cu NMR \slrr, confirming that the interchain coupling constant $J'$ is indeed negligible. Additionally, we performed zero-field (ZF) muon spin rotation ($\mu$SR) measurements to search for static magnetism. Down to 1.5\,K we did not observe any evidence for the onset of a magnetic order in Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$.

\section{Sample details, sample preparation and experimental details}
\label{sampleprep}

In contrast to the zigzag spin chains of SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$,
the crystal structure of Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ contains only single chains of Cu$^{2+}$ (3$d^9$, S=1/2) ions, running along the crystallographic $b$ direction (see Fig.~\ref{fig:chains}).
The nearest neighbor (NN) intrachain exchange interaction between adjacent Cu moments is antiferromagnetic and its coupling constant amounts to $J \approx (2200 \pm 200)$\,K, which is of the same order as in the zigzag chain compound SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$.\cite{Motoyama1996} The only difference between the two compounds is the existence of a weak, ferromagnetic interchain coupling with $|J'/J| \approx 0.1 -0.2$ in SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\cite{Rice1993}, which, due to the linear arrangement of Cu ions, is absent in Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\linewidth]{hammerath_fig1.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:chains} Chain structure of Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ and double
chain structure of SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ including the main exchange couplings
$J$ (intrachain) and $J'$ (interchain). Grey spheres represent the copper ions, red spheres the oxygen ions. }
\end{figure}

Single crystals of Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ were prepared using the
traveling-solvent floating zone technique.\cite{Revcolevschi1999}
The crystals cleave readily along (h,0,0) and were verified to
be free from secondary phases by x-ray diffraction measurements.
The stoichiometry was confirmed using EDX and the crystals were
oriented using Laue x-ray back scattering method. Several
previous refinement studies confirm that Ca indeed occupies the Sr
sites in the (Sr$_{1-x}$Ca$_x$)$_2$CuO$_3$ series.\cite{Lines1991,
Xu1992}

\cu\ NMR spectra have been measured with the standard Hahn spin echo method at a constant frequency of 75.742\,MHz by sweeping the magnetic field parallel to the crystallographic $b$ axis. Since \cu\ has a nuclear spin $I=3/2$, its NMR spectrum consists of three quadrupolar split lines, where the central line is affected by first order magnetic hyperfine and second order quadrupolar interactions, while the two satellites are subjects to first order magnetic hyperfine and first order quadrupolar effects.\cite{Takigawa1998}
\cu\ NMR ($I=3/2$) spin-lattice relaxation rate measurements were carried out on the central line of the quadrupolar split \cu\ NMR spectrum (corresponding to the transition $I_z = -1/2 \leftrightarrow I_z = +1/2$) in a slightly higher magnetic field of $\mu_0 H = 7.0493$\,T, with $H$ being parallel to the crystallographic $a$ and $b$ axes. The inversion recovery method was used to measure \slrr. The relaxation function for a magnetic relaxation of a $I=3/2$ nuclear spin system measured at the central transition is given by:\cite{McDowell1995}
\begin{equation}
M_z(t)=M_0\left[1-f \left(0.9 e^{-(6t/T_1)^{\lambda}}+0.1 e^{-(t/T_1)^{\lambda}}\right)\right] \, ,
\label{eq:fit}
\end{equation}
where $M_0$ is the saturation value of the nuclear magnetization, the parameter $f$ is ideally 2 for a complete inversion and $\lambda <1$ accounts for a distribution of spin-lattice relaxation times around the characteristic value \slrr.
At high temperatures, $\lambda \approx 1$ confirms a well defined spin-lattice relaxation rate \slrr.
At lower temperatures, $\lambda$ starts to decrease, indicating a distribution of $T_1^{-1}$ (see inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:T1}).

Zero field (ZF) $\mu$SR measurements down to 1.5\,K have been performed at the GPS instrument of the $\pi$M3 beamline at Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) in Villigen (CH). To reduce the background, two single crystals of dimensions 5\,x\,4\,x\,1\,mm$^3$ each were used, aligned with their crystollagraphic $c$ axis parallel to the incident muon beam.

\section{Experimental Results and Discussion}

Fig.~\ref{fig:T1} shows the temperature dependence of \slrr\ for Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ in comparison to the data of the zigzag chain compound Sr$\mathrm{_{0.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$.\cite{HammerathPRL2011}
At high temperatures, both compounds display an almost constant \slrr, as it is theoretically expected for 1D antiferromagnetic S=1/2 Heisenberg chains\cite{Sachdev1994, Sandvik1995} and has been reported for the undoped parent compounds.\cite{Takigawa1996, HammerathPRL2011}
Below $T\approx 90$ K, \slrr\ of Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ decreases exponentially. This decrease is identical to the one observed in the Ca doped zigzag chain compound Sr$\mathrm{_{0.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ and points towards the opening of a pseudo spin gap of the same order of magnitude ($\Delta = 50$\,K) as in Sr$\mathrm{_{0.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$.\cite{HammerathPRL2011}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{hammerath_fig2.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:T1} Temperature dependent \slrr\ for Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ measured along the $b$ (black squares) and $a$ (green dots) direction,
in comparison to \slrr\ of Sr$\mathrm{_{0.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ measured along $b$ (open red dots, taken from Ref.~\onlinecite{HammerathPRL2011}). Note that the $b$ direction of SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ is cristallographically equivalent to $a$ of Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ (see Fig.~\ref{fig:chains}). The inset shows the temperature evolution of the stretching exponent $\lambda$ of the relaxation function (see Eq.~\ref{eq:fit}).}
\end{figure}

On the one hand, this result indicates that the double chain structure of SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ and the associated interchain coupling constant $J'$ are not necessary prerequisites for the appearance of a gap in the spin excitation spectrum of the spin chains. This has also been reported by our previous DMRG calculations, which showed  that the value of the spin gap does not depend neither on the value nor on the sign of the interchain coupling $J'$.\cite{HammerathPRL2011} On the other hand, these DMRG calculations also showed, that the spin gap is a consequence of a subtle bond disorder induced by the Ca doping, and that the value of the spin gap $\Delta$ depends sensitive on the value of the alternation $\delta$ of the intrachain coupling $J$. In this regard, the perfect agreement between the two data sets pointing towards spin gaps of equal sizes is surprising, since $\delta$ should depend delicately on the structural background (e.g. elastic constants) which is supposed to differ between the two systems. The observation of the very same decrease of \slrr\ upon cooling might thus either be a coincidence or point towards an intrinsic energy scale defined by a collective ordering phenomena in disordered spin chains. Therefore, further studies (e.g. of different doping levels) are envisaged.

Apart from the very similar decrease of \slrr, there are also slight differences between the two data sets of Sr$\mathrm{_{0.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ and Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$. At first, \slrr\ of Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\
starts to increase again below $T\approx$\,15\,K (see Fig.~\ref{fig:T1}). This upturn could indicate a
slowing down of magnetic fluctuations at least in some parts of the
chains. Secondly, below $T\sim$ 80\,K the relaxation rates become
more distributed, indicated by a decrease of the stretching exponent $\lambda$ (see Eq.~\ref{eq:fit} and inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:T1}).
Thirdly, the \cu\ NMR spectra broaden significantly upon lowering the temperature
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:spec}). This broadening is much
stronger than what has been observed in the pure compound Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$.\cite{Takigawa1997spectra,Boucher2000} There, a subtle structure of shoulders, broadening and splitting evolves at low temperatures and has been assigned to a field induced local staggered magnetization developing at broken chain ends.\cite{Takigawa1997spectra,Boucher2000} While these chain ends might also be present in the investigated Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$, the associated subtle structure of the spectra cannot be observed. Already at room temperature, the spectrum is broader than the one of Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$. This is  due to the impact of disorder induced by the Ca doping, wich is especially demonstrative at the satellites. Disorder mainly affects the quadrupolar interaction between the quadrupolar moment of the nuclei and the disordered electrical field gradient. However, the further NMR line broadening upon lowering the temperature evolves simultaneously for all the resonance lines, suggesting a magnetic origin. In line with the upturn of \slrr\ and the decrease of $\lambda$, this broadening points towards slowly fluctuating magnetic moments.

These results suggest that the spin excitations in the chains of
Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ are not simply a subject to a spin gap, but that there
could be regions in the sample which are closer to a magnetic
order. Therefore, the spin gap should rather be regarded as a
pseudo spin gap, in line with our previous DMRG calculations\cite{HammerathPRL2011} as well as with recent inelastic neutron scattering measurements on SrCu$_{0.99}$Ni$_{0.01}$O$_2$.\cite{ Simutis2013}

Let us recall, that the parent compound Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ exhibits a 3D
magnetic order below $T_N \sim$5\,K.\cite{Keren1993} On the
other hand, SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ orders only below $T_N \sim 2$\,K. This could
suggest that the low temperature upturn of \slrr\ in Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\
points towards an onset of magnetic order.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{hammerath_fig3.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:spec} \cu\ NMR spectra of Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ for
$H \parallel b$ measured at different temperatures (see labels). All three resonance lines of the quadrupolar split \cu\
NMR spectrum are visible. Additionally, the high field satellite of the \cuf\ isotope is visible at $\sim$ 6.52\,T.}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{hammerath_fig4.eps}
\caption{\label{fig:asym} ZF $\mu$SR asymmetries of Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ measured at 100\,K (grey squares), 5\,K (orange diamonds) and 1.5\,K (blue dots), respectively. The inset shows the temperature dependence of the initial asymmetry $A_0$ (green squares) and the Gaussian decay rate $\sigma$ (brown dots) obtained by fitting the asymmetry time spectra to Eq.~\ref{eq:muSR}.}
\end{figure}

To search for such a magnetic order at low temperatures, we
performed ZF $\mu$SR measurements on Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ down to 1.5\,K.
Due to the extreme sensitivity of the muons to small magnetic
fields, $\mu$SR is ideally suited to study possibly weak and local
magnetism. Some representative ZF $\mu$SR asymmetry spectra are
shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:asym}. For all temperatures (from 100\,K
down to 1.5\,K) we observe only a simple Gaussian decay due to
nuclear dipolar interaction. The decay rate $\sigma$ and the
initial asymmetry $A_0$, obtained by fitting the ZF asymmetry time
dependence $A(t)$ to:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:muSR}
A(t) =A_0e^{-(\sigma t)^2}
\end{equation} do not change upon cooling down (see inset of Fig.~\ref{fig:asym}).
Additionally, we performed transverse field (TF) $\mu$SR
measurements in 30\,G and could observe the whole initial
asymmetry also at the lowest measured temperature 1.5\,K (not
shown). These results suggest that no magnetic order sets in in
Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$\ down to 1.5\,K in zero external field. This
observation is in line with measurements of the specific heat,
which also did not show any evidence of a magnetic order down to
2\,K.\cite{Beesettyprivate} Nonetheless, the upturn of the \cu\
NMR \slrr, together with the decrease of the stretching exponent
$\lambda$ and the strong NMR line broadening are pointing towards
growing magnetic correlations at least in a strong magnetic
field at low temperatures. These results indicate an approach
towards a magnetic order at lower temperatures than the
experimentally accessed ones, or in high magnetic fields.

The suppression of long range magnetic order by the opening of a gap
is, however, a remarkable observation. To the best of our
knowledge, only the reverse effect has been observed so far,
namely the appearance of magnetic order in a nomally gapped system
induced by impurity doping.\cite{Azuma1997, Grenier2002, Casola2010}

\section{Conclusion}

We have used NMR measurements to investigate the low energy spin
dynamics of the S=1/2 antiferromagnetic Heisenberg spin chain
compound Sr$\mathrm{_{1.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$. We found an exponential decrease of the \cu\
NMR \slrr\ upon decreasing temperature, indicating the opening of
a pseudo spin gap of the same order of magnitude as in the double
chain compound Sr$\mathrm{_{0.9}}$Ca$\mathrm{_{0.1}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$. The observation of the spin gap {\it per se} proves that it is solely induced by a local bond disorder causing a small alternation of the intrachain exchange coupling $J$ in Ca doped SrCuO$\mathrm{_{2}}$\ and Sr$\mathrm{_{2}}$CuO$\mathrm{_{3}}$, and that it does not depend on the existence of an interchain coupling $J'$. The observation of the very same spin gap value $\Delta$ in both compounds is surprising and might indicate an intrinsic energy scale defined by a collective ordering phenomena in disordered spin chain systems, which should be investigated in more detail in the future.
At low temperatures, we observe an upturn of \slrr,
accompanied by a growing distribution of \slrr, expressed in a
decreasing stretching exponent $\lambda$ and a simultaneous
broadening of all the \cu\ NMR resonance lines. While we could
prove the absence of any kind of static magnetic order by ZF
$\mu$SR measurements down to 1.5\,K, these NMR features
indicate growing magnetic correlations at low temperatures
in a strong magnetic field. Nevertheless, the evidence for a
suppression of magnetic order and the concomitant appearance of a
spin gap remains unambiguous.

\section*{Acknowledgement}

The assistance by A. Amato and H. Luetkens during the $\mu$SR
measurements at PSI is gratefully acknowledged. The authors thank
R.~Vogel for technical support, S.-L.~Drechsler for discussion and
PSI EU funding for financial support. This work has been supported
by the European Commisssion through the LOTHERM project (Project No.
PITN-GA-2009-238475) and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through Grant No. GR3330/4-1 and through the D-A-CH project No. HE3439/12.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Chicago Cubs Online > Let's Play 2 - Game Recap > Ugly, Uglier and Ugliest? – Cubs 2 D'Backs 9
Ugly, Uglier and Ugliest? – Cubs 2 D'Backs 9
July 22, 2008 11:51 pm By Neil Leave a Comment
Game One Hundred – Cubs 2 Diamondbacks 9
WP – Yusmeiro Petit (1-1) LP – Jason Marquis (6-6) Save – None
Did the Chicago Cubs just hit rock bottom for the 2008 season? After scoring a total of two runs in the first three losses of the road trip, the Cubs offense continued to struggle on Tuesday night in the desert. The team wide slump jumped from concerning to alarming in the worst played game of the year for Lou Piniella's crew. The Cubs managed only 2 runs in a game that was actually closer than the final score. The Diamondbacks scored 6 of their 9 runs in the 7th and 8th innings off of Sean Marshall and Kevin Hart….but the last two innings was a total team collapse.
Sean Marshall uncorked two wild pitches in the 7th that allowed the D'Backs fourth run of the game to score before serving up a home run to Orlando Hudson. Kevin Hart walked 3, hit a batter and gave up 4 runs, 2 earned, on 2 doubles in 2/3 of an inning. Micah Hoffpauir and Derrek Lee both committed errors in the 8th as the Cubs did not in any way resemble the team that had such a solid first half of the season.
Jason Marquis turned in a quality start. He allowed 3 runs on 5 hits in 6 innings. Conor Jackson gave Arizona a 1-0 lead in the 1st inning on his 10th long ball of the year. The D'Backs added a run in the 3rd on 2 hits and a walk. Marquis hit Alex Romero on a 1-2 pitch with 1 out in the 4th and he scored on a 2-out double by Stephen Drew on another 1-2 pitch from Marquis.
Mike Fontenot and Daryle Ward drove in the Cubs two runs. Fontenot tripled home Mark DeRosa with 2 outs in the 4th and cut the Diamondbacks' lead to 2-1. Daryle Ward hit his first pinch-hit home run of the year in the 8th and made it a 5-2 game at the time. Ryan Theriot recorded two more hits and leads the National League with 40 multi hit games.
The Cubs were given every opportunity to win the game on Tuesday. Aramis Ramirez continued his slump. Ramirez was 0-for-3 with a walk and is 0-for-20 with a walk since the break. Derrek Lee grounded into his 21st double play of the year to go along with his 0-for-4 night. Lee stranded 5 runners in his 4 at bats.
The Cubs are simply trying to do too much. Before the 7th inning, it was just at the plate, but the offensive struggles carried over into the field in the last two innings.
With the loss the Cubs are 1-10 in their last 11 games at Chase Field and 13-27 all-time. For the year, the Cubs hit a season low 9 games under .500 on the road at 21-30. Even with the loss on Tuesday the Cubs are 22-10 against the west with one game left…but changes should be coming from Lou Piniella. The Cubs' skipper appeared emotionless in the dugout during the game, and a quiet Lou should be a good sign of things to come. To have been a fly on the wall in the clubhouse following the game….
The Cubs had chances but could simply not come up with a hit with runners on base while the game was still in question.
After a 10-pitch 1st inning, Yusmeiro Petit walked two batters in the 2nd inning. With runners on 1st and 2nd and down by only 1 run, Geovany Soto fouled out to Chad Tracy and Mike Fontenot flied out to center.
In the 3rd, Ryan Theriot reached on a 1-out ground rule double to left center. Theriot's ball bounced off the barrier in the deepest part of the park and cost Theriot a triple. Kosuke Fukudome walked….but Derrek Lee flied out to the warning track in right and Aramis Ramirez flied out to the track in left.
The Cubs lone run off Petit came in the 4th inning. Mark DeRosa worked a 1-out walk and scored on a 2-out triple to right center by Mike Fontenot….the first triple of the season by Little Fontenot. Jason Marquis struck out swinging with the tying run on 3rd.
Kosuke Fukudome reached on a 1-out single to center in the 5th but Derrek Lee swung at a 2-0 pitch and grounded into a 6-4-3 double play to end the inning.
After Mark DeRosa was stranded at 2nd following a 2-out double in the 6th, Ryan Theriot worked a 2-out walk in the 7th. Fukudome followed with a single to left past a diving Stephen Drew but Derrek Lee grounded out to Hudson up the middle to end the inning….the score was 3-1 at the time.
The Cubs added a run in the 8th on Ward's solo home run but they would not get any closer than the 2-run deficit in the 7th….the Diamondbacks took advantage of all the mistakes and bad pitching in the last two innings. The three errors committed by the Cubs defense were their first mistakes in the last 5 games.
Forget the records, forget the standings….the Cubs need to win a ballgame. And it is up to Lou Piniella to pull the right strings to get his team playing like a first place ball club again.
Ted Lilly is scheduled to face Doug Davis in the finale on Wednesday.
Filed Under: Let's Play 2 - Game Recap Tagged With: Aramis Ramirez, Daryle Ward, Derrek Lee, Jason Marquis, Kevin Hart, Mark DeRosa, Mike Fontenot, Sean Marshall


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