New Market Alert: Leon Produce in North Park Enrolled!
We recently enrolled Leon Produce into our Live Well Community Market Program. This small Mexican market is located in North Park and has a wide variety of fresh produce. They also own Señor Mango's next door, which has smoothies, fresh juices, and great Mexican food like freshly made tortas. Our Community Health Specialist, Kate Mahoney, and our Program intern, Katia Lopes-Gilbert, quickly started working with the market manager, Xenia, to develop actionable goals for improvement. Some of the goals include: redesigning the layout to promote healthy items near the front, introducing new signage throughout the market, and establishing partnerships to procure and sell locally-grown produce. In addition, we're assisting Leon Produce with their City of San Diego Storefront Improvement Program application to renovate the market facade. Check them out at 3004 Madison Ave, San Diego 92116.


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May 24, 2021 May 24, 2021 Alex Finch
Comedy Oddities: Twentieth Century
Covering all of the films that Preston Sturges had a hand in has led to discovering some real gems, even if Sturges himself only had a minor role in the script, as is the case here as it was based on the unproduced play Napoleon of Broadway by Charles Bruce Millholland. But for once this is a film that I found disappointing, it's a movie which has plenty of admirers, but I didn't find it that amusing and though some of the word play is Sturges-esque it lacks his talent for physical comedy.
As with a good few of Sturges films it's sort of a romantic comedy where the couple spend a good deal of the film apart, as stroppy theatre director Oscar Jaffe (John Barrymore) is convinced he can get a great performance out of poor old actress Lily (Carole Lombard) despite his producer not being onboard with her casting. He eventually does so even though it involves getting a scream out of the actress by stabbing her with a pin, and once successful the duo fall in love.
Skip forward three years and his relationship is rather messy however, with a paranoid Jaffe hiring a detective to spy on her and tapping the phone (which in some ways mirrors events in Sturges' 1948 classic Unfaithfully Yours), but once Lily finds this out she's had enough and leaves him. Without her in his life, and his productions, his next five plays fail and so he decides he needs to get her to appear in his next play, even if it is via nefarious means and methods.
Both of them end up on the train of the title, and it is here that Jaffe hopes to seduce her once again. Before this section of the film there's some fairly funny moments involving Jaffe rehearsing a play, performing all the roles himself, and donning a disguise at the train station as he's so in debt a thug is lurking around making sure he doesn't leave the city. But once on the train the farce kicks in but it's a frustratingly shouty affair, both characters argue an awful lot, and a subplot with a weird (and questionably mentally ill) religious fella putting up "Repent" stickers all over the train never goes anywhere particularly funny and only a few scenes with Jaffe's long suffering two assistants lead to any laughs.
John Barrymore was an acclaimed actor and enormously loved in Hollywood at the time, yet while his deliberately over the top hamminess amused during the first half of the movie the character becomes rather tiresome in the film's third act, and Lily not wanting to work with him, or live with him for that matter, is completely understandable. It's also unlikely that the eventual outcome would have stood up in a court of law, but that's a minor quibble given the film's other flaws.
With a more restrained and less over the top performance from Barrymore, and a director who saw that people shouting at each other for lengthy periods sure does get exhausting quickly, this might have been a far more likeable piece. Even then the dialogue needed to be a little sharper if it's to be remembered as one of the better screwball comedies of the period, and out of all of the films Sturges worked on prior to becoming a film director this was the one I was most disappointed by, it's fine, but very rarely anything more than that.
★★1/2
Charles Bruce Millholland
Napoleon Of Broadway
Preston Sturges
Previous Comedy Snippets: Starstruck, Rutherford Falls +
Next Now That's What I Call Quite Good: Thirty Day Princess

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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BMW 3-Series (2012)
October 14, 2011. The BMW 3-Series Sedan is the original in the compact sports sedan segment and over the years has come to symbolise the aesthetic appeal, dynamics and sporting capability of BMW. With its dynamic and elegant lines, the sixth model generation of the world's best-selling premium vehicle highlights the sporting character of the brand's mid-size model. Although the new BMW 3-Series has grown in all dimensions compared to its predecessor, it retains a perfect balance of sportiness and elegance. As in previous generations, the sedan's dynamic proportions are shaped by the sweeping bonnet, short front overhang, long wheelbase and set-back greenhouse typical of BMW.
Striking front end with precise contours and multi-faceted surfaces
The wedge shape of the new 3-Series' silhouette and its wider track (+ 37/47 mm at the front/rear) underline the sporting appearance of the new BMW. By clearly accentuating the width of the car, the multi-faceted surfaces of the expressive front end give the BMW 3-Series a sportier face than ever. A wide, squat interpretation of the upright, slightly forward-slanting BMW kidney grille emphasises the stance of the new BMW 3-Series. LED accent lights positioned like eyebrows above the striking twin headlights with corona rings (if xenon headlights are specified) lend an extra intensity to the classic BMW focused look. The headlights now extend up to the frame of the kidney grille, merging the headlights and grille of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan into a single stylistic unit and adding further emphasis to the car's broad-set stance. The BMW 3-Series replaces the central air intake of its predecessor with two larger intakes, which are positioned underneath the headlights to the outer edges of the front end and add extra depth to the car's sporty styling. On the far left and right of the main ducts are small vertical intakes which help create the "Air Curtain". This new technology improves air flow around the front wheels, enhancing aerodynamic efficiency and reducing fuel consumption at higher speeds.
The closely spaced, squat openings of the kidney grille, with their eye-catching surrounds, form the most prominent element of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan's front end design. This is also where the precise lines of the heavily contoured bonnet finish. The result is a front end that appears lower-slung, giving the BMW 3-Series a clear sporting edge when viewed head-on.
Precise lines produce a stretched silhouette and enhance the car's dynamic impact
Powerfully taut surfaces with sweeping lines dominate the side view of the BMW 3-Series Sedan, stretching the car visually and lending extra verve to its dynamic stance. The flanks of the car are shaped by an eye-catching "double swage line" made up of two character lines running alongside each other. The higher swage line emerges out of the low-slung front end and flows over the front wheel with an understated sweep, in a nod to the sedan's fleetness of foot. The second swage line develops lower down behind the front wheel and follows a delicately arching path towards the rear. Together, they reinforce the dynamic wedge shape of the car's flanks and create vivid light and shade effects below the swage line, which draw further attention to the car's wide track.
The striking interpretation of the hallmark BMW Hofmeister kink at the base of the C-pillar injects the silhouette of the new 3-Series with even greater élan. Alongside it runs a fine contour line from the roof into the boot lid, giving the roof an even lower appearance from the side. The resultant sense of sporty yet elegant lightness spreads all the way down the sedan's sides, with the slightly rising shade line low down on the heavily contoured side skirt adding further emphasis. The large light surfaces above the side skirt serve to enhance the lightness of the car's flank lines.
Contrasting light surfaces imbue the rear with brio and energy
The strong horizontal lines of the rear - including rear lights in customary BMW L-shaped design positioned at the outer edges of the back end - accentuate the broad face of the wheels and wide track of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan. The low-set reflectors on the far edges guide the vertical lines flowing out of the greenhouse over the rear lights to the wheels, lending visual emphasis to the car's consummate road presence. A traditional BMW 3-Series design trait are the two lines below the rear spoiler and above the bumper, which frame the rear stylistically. Richly contrasting light surfaces give the rear end of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan a fresh dynamic flair, underlined by the interchanges between smoothly flowing surfaces, precise lines and defined edges.
The interplay of surfaces and lines fills the interior with life
The interior of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan is straight out of the BMW design handbook. The driver-focused cockpit wraps around the driver and puts all the important controls within easy reach. The cockpit is angled towards the driver by seven degrees. The surfaces and lines flow over the instrument panel towards the front passenger side of the cabin, where they form a smooth, protective border. In the driver's area all the lines converge on a single point behind the steering wheel and guide the eye towards the road.
The cockpit's four circular dials (fuel gauge, speedometer, rev counter and oil temperature gauge) come with a black panel display. Positioned on the horizontally-structured instrument panel, the freestanding standard-fitted iDrive monitor with high-resolution display recalls the latest flatscreen televisions normally found in living rooms rather than cars. The monitor has no folding mechanism or binnacle, allowing the entire dashboard to retain its flat, smooth lines and giving the interior a lighter, more dynamic feel.
On the driver's side of the deliberately asymmetric centre tunnel, a different trim surface and graining mark out the active driving elements of the interior, while the trim surface on the front passenger side exudes a pleasingly elegant air. Positioned centrally on the centre console within easy reach of both the driver and the front passenger is the standard iDrive Controller. Underneath the armrest - with optional fore/aft adjustment - between the front seats, meanwhile, is a compartment for mobile devices (e.g. mobile phones, MP3 players and smartphones), which also contains a USB/AUX-IN socket.
More space, wide variety of storage compartments, even greater practicality
The car's larger dimensions (length + 93 mm, wheelbase + 50 mm) mean that rear passengers can now enjoy extra legroom. Behind the fully contoured front seats, 15 millimetres of additional knee room and eight millimetres of extra headroom further enhance the passengers' comfort on the road. Backrest nets available as an option as part of the storage package offer additional accommodation for small items, reflective vests and road maps. Larger pockets in the front doors, whose lines and surfaces open up towards the instrument panel, now have space for drinks bottles up to one litre in size. Added to which, two large drinks holders are now integrated into the centre console ahead of the gearshift lever. If desired, the cupholders can be swapped for an oddments tray, which is stored in a designated area of the glove compartment when not in use. The new sedan offers 480 litres of boot capacity, 20 litres more than the outgoing model. And an innovative and practical solution allows extremely convenient access inside. If the optional Comfort Access is specified, the boot can be opened hands-free and without needing to use a key: all you need to do is move your foot around underneath the bumper to trigger the opening mechanism for the boot lid (see also BMW ConnectedDrive). He can then comfortably load as much as seven standard crates of bottled drinks, three golfbags or a pram over the boot sill, which is a mere 66 centimetres high (just under 26 in.). Standard-fitting securing lugs hold the items firmly in place, while a storage tray under the load compartment floor and a deep storage compartment on the left-hand side accommodate small oddments. For bulky items, the optional through-loading facility includes a folding rear seat bench to allow flexible transport solutions. The 40:20:40 split rear backrests offer unbeatable versatility when you need to carry passengers and long items, such as several pairs of skis or snowboards, at the same time. (A matching BMW ski/snowboard bag is available from the BMW Accessories range).
Three equipment lines shine the spotlight on the car's distinct character traits
High-quality material combinations and unbeatable build quality underline the premium ambience of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan. The materials and colour concept of the entry-level variant already clearly accentuates the sporting character of the car, but a large selection of colours and upholstery variants also offer scope for various other options. From the basic matt satin silver surface treatment to fine brushed aluminium and the homely feel of fine burr walnut wood, all trim surface options can be combined with either the cloth or one of two leather upholstery colours in the entry-level model. As well as the basic trim level, the new BMW 3-Series Sedan can now also be ordered with any of three equipment lines or an M Sports package. Customers can therefore adapt the appearance of their car to their own individual preferences - with eye-catching results. The Sport Line, Luxury Line and Modern Line equipment variants emphasise the different sides to the new BMW 3-Series Sedan's character in their own individual ways. The exclusive, carefully coordinated equipment features embrace both exterior design elements and the selection of materials and colours for each model. In terms of value, design coherence and expressiveness, the new BMW Lines go far beyond existing packages in the premium class.
With eye-catching exterior features in high-gloss black, this new line accentuates the dynamic appearance of the BMW 3-Series Sedan. Eight heavily contoured black kidney grille slats in a chrome-coloured surround give the front end of the car a particularly sporty and alert look. The black inserts in the front apron make the air intakes appear larger and lend extra emphasis to the muscular wheel arches. 17 or 18-inch light-alloy wheels - depending on the engine variant - in double-spoke design (18-inch items are bi-colour) provide the athletic looks to match. Meanwhile, optional high-gloss black painted exterior mirrors and the standard high-gloss black B-pillar and window guide add an extra sporting flavour to the flanks. A black trim strip on the lower crease underlines the width-enhancing effect of the rear styling, while the tailpipe embellisher is likewise black and rounds off the exterior's sporty appearance. The sporty and exclusive ambience of the interior is expressed by contrasting black and red accents. Red trim rings, red scales in the circular dials, red stitching on the sports steering wheel and a base trim strip in high-gloss black with coral red accent strips all underline the sporting ambience of the cockpit. The standard sports seats can be specified in a choice of three upholstery variants and four colours. The ignition key for Sport Line versions of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan is identified by its black finish and red detailing.
The discreet high-gloss chrome elements of this line lend the exterior of the BMW 3-Series Sedan a particularly elegant and exclusive appeal. The BMW kidney grille with 11 fine chrome slats, two slightly offset chrome trim strips in the front apron air intakes, and a high-gloss chrome trim strip running horizontally above the air scoop give the front end a striking appearance. As with the Sport Line, the B-pillar and window guide come in high-gloss black, and the window frame and weather strip are in chrome. Special 17 or 18-inch light-alloy wheels in multi-spoke design accentuate the stylishness of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan when viewed side-on. From the rear, the new Luxury Line is easily identified by its exquisite, high-gloss chrome trim strip - which extends across the full width of the rear apron - and its chrome tailpipe embellisher. Chrome elements also catch the eye inside the Luxury Line variant. This is the only line which gives the radio and air conditioning units a chrome surround. High-gloss wood strips (with stylish inlays as an option) and seats with distinctive stitching and a choice of two upholstery materials in four classically elegant colours highlight an inviting, exclusive ambience. The ignition key (ID confirmation) for Luxury Line versions of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan can be identified by its black finish and chrome detailing.
In contrast to Luxury Line models, the high-class trim elements included in Modern Line versions of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan are all in satinated aluminium, underlining the contemporary character of this line. The BMW kidney grille, with 11 satinated aluminium slats, and double trim strips for the air intakes in the same colour give the front end of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan a particularly contemporary, classy touch. The car's high-gloss black B-pillar and window guide blend smoothly with the satinated aluminium trim elements at the font and rear. 17 or 18-inch turbine-style light-alloy wheels strengthen the impression of this equipment line. The harmonious lightness of the interior dispenses with strong contrasts. Instead, with a light upper side to the dashboard and a steering wheel in dark oyster, it generates an all-new ambience. Leather upholstery or cloth-leather combinations in oyster or black, and a choice of three trim surfaces with accent strips in pearl-effect chrome, further enhance the appealing interplay between materials. A trim element with three-dimensional wood surface structure lays on a whole new feast for the fingertips. Modern Line versions of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan are marked out by the oyster-coloured ignition key (ID confirmation) with matt silver detailing.
M Sport package
The M Sport package brings the ultimate in sporting makeovers to the new BMW 3-Series. An all-new aerodynamic package for the exterior clearly sets cars specified with this package apart from the base model and the three lines. Added to which, 18-inch light-alloy wheels (19-inch as an option) in hallmark M design, M Sport suspension and BMW Individual High-gloss Shadowline trim give the car that typical M look. The car's dynamic character is further emphasised by an optional exclusive M paint shade and optional M Sport brakes with contrasting blue paint finish. The theme continues inside the car with sports seats boasting distinctive cloth/Alcantara upholstery, trim elements with blue accent strips, an M Shortshifter (in models with manual gearbox), M door sill finishers, an M driver's footrest and the new M leather steering wheel.
New dimensions in driving pleasure and dynamic performance: Sporty power delivery, outstanding efficiency and enhanced ride comfort
The sixth-generation BMW 3-Series sports sedan models offer top-level agility and driving dynamics, and they combine all this with new levels of comfort. At the same time, there is no change to the proven basic concept comprising high-performance engines, a sporty chassis and a rigid, lightweight body. After all, over the past 35 or more years, drivers have come to expect dynamic, sporty driving enjoyment as a matter of course in a BMW 3-Series model, while powertrain and chassis technology rank as a core strength of the brand. A longitudinally mounted engine, rear-wheel drive and a balanced (50:50) front-to-rear axle load ratio are a formula that makes the BMW 3-Series the sportiest sedan in its segment.
At launch, the new BMW 3-Series Sedan will be offered with four high-torque, refined and fuel-efficient engines, all of which feature the latest BMW TwinPower Turbo technology. They comprise two optimised diesel engines and, on the petrol side, the familiar six-cylinder unit and a new-generation four-cylinder engine offering impressive driving dynamics coupled with substantially reduced fuel consumption and emissions. All the engines are well within the EU5 and US ULEV II limits. And the new Driving Experience Control switch, which is available for all engine versions, provides the opportunity to extend these savings even further when ECO PLUS mode is selected.
Power is delivered to the rear wheels either via a standard-fitted sporty six-speed manual transmission or, optionally, via an eight-speed automatic. The automatic, which can be combined with any engine, is so efficient that it is possible to achieve lower fuel consumption and emissions than with the manual unit. Both the manual and the automatic models are equipped with the Auto Start-Stop function for further savings.
Advanced suspension technology, featuring a large number of light-alloy components and new tuning, along with electromechanical steering which operates without torque steer, low vehicle weight and a balanced axle load ratio top off a dynamic package, making the new BMW 3-Series Sedan an exemplar of sporty handling combined with increased comfort.
BMW 328i: new four-cylinder petrol engine with TwinPower Turbo technology sets a new benchmark for driving dynamics and efficiency
With the launch of the new sports sedan, a brand-new four-cylinder engine will make its debut in the BMW 3-Series. In keeping with the dynamic overall theme of the new BMW sports sedan, this new-generation turbocharged engine offers plenty of power and performance, responsive acceleration, powerful torque, a high rpm ceiling and low weight. For this best-selling BMW model series, the new-generation 2.0-litre petrol engine will be available in two output ratings. The new four-cylinder units, which provide noticeably livelier power for maximum driving enjoyment, also come with lower fuel consumption and emissions than their predecessors.
The state-of-the-art, lively 2.0-litre powerplants mark a return to the popular sports sedan's roots - it was with lightweight, high-performance four-cylinder units in a similar vein that the BMW 3-Series made its debut back in 1975, with the first six-cylinder units for this series making their appearance at the 1977 Frankfurt Motor Show. A six-cylinder continues to top the engine line-up in the new BMW 3-Series.
The significant upgrade in power and efficiency is chiefly down to the use of BMW TwinPower Turbo technology, featuring innovative technologies such as High Precision Direct Petrol Injection, twin-scroll turbocharging, Double-Vanos variable camshaft timing and VALVETRONIC variable valve timing. On the new-generation four-cylinder engines, this world-exclusive technology package from BMW again provides a very efficient way to extract more power from the engine, rather than taking the route of a much larger displacement and, in the process, adding to the weight and therefore to fuel consumption. This explains why the more dynamic performance and driving enjoyment does not come at the expense of higher fuel consumption and emissions.
The new BMW TwinPower Turbo four-cylinder petrol engine's displacement of 1,997 cc delivers maximum power of 180 kW/245 hp at 5,000 rpm while, thanks to twin-scroll turbocharging, the maximum torque of 350 Nm is developed at just 1,250 rpm and remains constant up to 4,800 rpm. These statistics translate to sheer dynamic performance: the new BMW 328i accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in just 5.9 seconds, on its way to an electronically governed top speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). The engine responds instantly when the driver demands more throttle, and the vigorous and almost linear power delivery from only slightly above idle, which continues all the way into the higher rpm range, is duly impressive.
The average fuel consumption of the BMW 328i in the EU test cycle is just 6.4 litres per 100 km (44.1 mpg imp), an 11 per cent (!) improvement on its 160 kW/218 hp predecessor. There is a similar improvement in CO2 emissions, which now stand at 149 grams per kilometre. The improvement is even more pronounced if the vehicle is equipped with the new eight-speed automatic, in which case fuel consumption is rated at just 6.3 litres per 100 km (44.8 mpg imp), with CO2 emissions at 147 grams per kilometre (-15%).
BMW TwinPower Turbo technology in the new four-cylinder engine
This new engine is the most powerful in a new generation of four-cylinder petrol units based on the same reduced-friction core engine, their different output ratings being achieved principally by modifications to the injection and turbocharging technology. In technical terms, this core engine is modelled on the current multi-award-winning six-in-line engine with BMW TwinPower Turbo technology, which is the benchmark in its class for dynamic power delivery and impressive efficiency. Key features of this world-exclusive technology include High Precision Direct Petrol Injection, twin-scroll turbocharging, Double-Vanos variable camshaft timing and VALVETRONIC variable valve timing.
These features give the new BMW 328i the sort of power which with a naturally aspirated engine would require more cylinders and larger displacement. At the same time, with its all-aluminium crankcase, this engine is lighter and more compact than a six-cylinder engine of equivalent power. This has obvious benefits for driving dynamics: the reduced load on the front axle gives this BMW sports sedan greater agility and further improved steering and cornering characteristics.
Twin-scroll turbocharging
The new four-cylinder engines also feature twin-scroll turbocharging. This means that the exhaust stream from cylinders 1 and 4, and the exhaust stream from cylinders 2 and 3, follow separate spiral-shaped paths to the turbine wheel. This reduces exhaust back-pressure at low engine rpm, allowing the energy of the exhaust gas pulses to be utilised as efficiently as possible. The result is instant throttle response and fast-revving performance which BMW drivers can instantly translate into driving pleasure.
VALVETRONIC, Double-Vanos and direct injection
The combination of a high power output and a simultaneous reduction in emissions is achieved by VALVETRONIC variable valve timing and Double-Vanos variable camshaft timing. The latest generation of the VALVETRONIC system features a faster-acting, optimised stepper motor with integrated sensor. Seamlessly variable control of intake valve lift dispenses with the need for a throttle valve. Instead, the air mass is controlled inside the engine, resulting in faster response. At the same time, pumping losses have been reduced to a minimum.
The excellent efficiency is also down to the High Precision Direct Petrol Injection system. Centrally positioned between the valves, solenoid injectors precisely control the supply of fuel. The fuel is injected very close to the spark plug, with a maximum injection pressure of 200 bar, resulting in clean and homogeneous combustion. The cooling effect of the directly injected fuel also results in a higher compression ratio than on port injection engines, bringing further efficiency improvements.
Exceptional performance assisted by innovative design features
The exceptional performance of the new engine is due last but not least to various innovative features of the core engine. For example, balancer shafts positioned at different heights result in optimised vibration absorption, while a centrifugal pendulum absorber integrated in the dual-mass flywheel brings a noticeable reduction in irregular running at low engine rpm. The driver can therefore make full use of the strong low-end torque without sacrificing smoothness. These factors all help to explain why the new 2.0-litre four-cylinder engine achieves refinement, noise and vibration of a kind that was previously confined to BMW six-cylinder engines.
BMW 335i: optimised six-cylinder petrol engine with beefy power delivery, strong torque and superb refinement
Fans of large six-cylinder engines have a treat in store too. The optimised six-in-line unit in the new BMW 335i will impress performance-minded drivers with its effortless power, exceptionally fast-revving temperament and outstanding refinement. The 3.0-litre core engine has been setting standards from the start, as the pioneer of a new generation of engines in which BMW TwinPower Turbo technology with High Precision Direct Petrol Injection and VALVETRONIC variable valve timing made its debut.
Thanks to intensive fine-tuning of the core engine, BMW's engineers have now further reduced the fuel consumption and emissions of the predecessor unit, while at the same time maintaining its high performance. With a maximum power rating of 225 kW/306 hp at 5,800 rpm, the 3.0-litre six-cylinder unit reflects the sporty personality of the BMW 3-Series and helps this sedan deliver ebullient performance. Peak torque of 400 Nm is on stream between 1,200 and 5,000 rpm.
As a result, the new BMW 335i can show off its prowess with a 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) sprint time of just 5.5 seconds, which shaves 0.1 seconds off that of its equally powerful predecessor. The automatic version is even quicker, reaching 100 km/h (62 mph) a full 0.3 seconds faster than the outgoing model. Top speed remains the same, at an electronically governed 250 km/h (155 mph).
All this extra performance comes with exceptional fuel economy and low emission figures, so drivers can enjoy it with complete peace of mind. Fuel consumption in the EU test cycle is rated at 7.9 litres per 100 kilometres (35.8 mpg imp, and CO2 emissions at 186 grams per kilometre. Fitted with the new eight-speed automatic transmission, the BMW 335i is even more frugal, with combined fuel consumption of just 7.2 litres per 100 kilometres (39.2 mpg imp) and CO2 emissions of 169 grams per kilometre. The improvement in emissions for the manual and automatic versions works out at 6 and 16 per cent respectively.
BMW 320d: powerful torque, outstanding smoothness and further improved fuel efficiency
The new-generation BMW 3-Series Sedan features the BMW TwinPower Turbo four-cylinder diesel engine of its predecessor, which has been honed for even greater fuel economy and lower emissions with no reduction in power output. This state-of-the-art powerplant with composite aluminium crankcase sets many benchmarks, and with its latest-generation common rail direct injection system and VNT turbocharger it combines plenty of punchy power with a further reduction in fuel consumption and emissions. This all helps the new BMW 3-Series to further widen its competitive lead.
The thermodynamically improved turbocharger makes for lively power delivery right across the load range. An electric actuator adjusts the turbine blades with split-second speed in line with different engine loads, so that when the driver demands full throttle, the engine is as responsive in the low rpm range as it is at full load. Solenoid injectors supply the fuel to the cylinders at a pressure of up to 2,000 bar. High-precision fuel metering and high atomisation quality result in clean and homogeneous combustion.
With unchanged maximum power of 135 kW/184 hp at 4,000 rpm, and powerful torque of 380 Nm on stream between 1,750 and 2,750 rpm, the new BMW 320d is an extremely dynamic performer. This diesel model, too, delivers everything one would expect of a compact sports sedan. This is reflected in performance figures, which include a standstill to 100 km/h (62 mph) sprint time of just 7.5 seconds. When necessary, the agile diesel will accelerate up to a top speed of 235 km/h (146 mph).
The new BMW 320d's average fuel consumption in the EU test cycle of 4.5 litres per 100 kilometres (62.8 mpg imp) and CO2 emissions of 118 grams per kilometre mark a four per cent improvement on the predecessor model, with no reduction in power. For models fitted with the new eight-speed automatic transmission, the improvement is even more striking: fuel consumption (4.5 l/100 km / 64.2 mpg imp) and CO2 emissions (118 g/km) have fallen by 16 per cent. With all of this, the BMW 320d has reaffirmed its position as a high-performance, efficient sedan which boasts one of the world's cleanest and most economical diesel engines.
BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition: state-of-the-art diesel engine makes the new sports sedan the most efficient vehicle in its class
Drivers who don't want to miss out on either dynamic, sporty performance or first-class fuel economy will find the new BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition an extremely attractive proposition. As in the previous model, this ultra-fuel-efficient version of the BMW TwinPower Turbo four-cylinder diesel engine represents the most radical realisation to date, in the sporty BMW 3-Series range, of BMW's development strategy for reducing fuel consumption and emissions.
The 2.0-litre four-cylinder engine is from the same family as the regular BMW 320d engine and shares the same all-aluminium crankcase, VNT turbocharger and latest-generation common rail direct injection. Additional features like a slight reduction in maximum output rating, the rpm-reducing, friction-reduced powertrain design and an optimised aerodynamics package give this EfficientDynamics version of the new BMW 3-Series the lowest CO2 emissions in its class.
The new BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition develops maximum power of 120 kW/163 hp at 4,000 rpm and delivers its maximum torque of 380 Nm between 1,750 and 2,750 rpm. This sedan model accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in just 8.0 seconds and hits a top speed of 230 km/h (143 mph). Fuel consumption of 4.1 litres per 100 kilometres (68.9 mpg imp), with corresponding CO2 emissions of 109 grams per kilometre, make this diesel model the most economical, eco-friendly and efficient vehicle in its segment.
The low-CO2 model also has something new for drivers who like to leave the shifting to an automatic transmission. The new BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition can now for the first time be combined with a cutting-edge eight-speed automatic transmission. What's more, this extra comfort doesn't come at the expense of higher fuel consumption. Thanks to efficient electronics and reduced-friction components, the engine can operate just as efficiently with the new unit as with the standard six-speed manual transmission.
Dual-mass flywheel with centrifugal pendulum absorber
In all road speed ranges that are relevant in everyday driving, the engineers have achieved reductions in engine speed which have noticeable benefits for fuel consumption. For example when cruising at 100 km/h (62 mph) in sixth gear, the engine is only turning over at 1,600 rpm. The "centrifugal pendulum absorber" fitted in the engine's dual-mass flywheel ensures smooth, vibration-free running even at low engine speeds. It efficiently counteracts irregular running and eliminates vibration when accelerating. The diesel engine revs smoothly from low engine speeds and the accompanying sound is equally refined.
This extra refinement, and improvements to the Optimum Shift Indicator, encourage the driver to change to a higher gear more often and to shift down less frequently. This means that, despite the changed engine load profile, which has the effect of reducing fuel consumption and emissions, the new BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition boasts the typical agility that everyone familiar with this sports sedan series has come to expect. The Edition-specific modifications include a longer final-drive ratio, an optimised aerodynamics package with a 10 mm (0.4 in.) drop in ride height and wheels with "turbine" styling. There is even a 15 per cent reduction in the rolling resistance of the tyres compared with the predecessor model.
On top of this, the economical sports diesel model also features all the fuel economy-enhancing measures used on other models in the new BMW 3-Series. These include Brake Energy Regeneration, the Auto Start-Stop function and on-demand control of ancillary units such as the oil and coolant pump. In the premium sector of the intensely competitive mid-range market, the new BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition is an attractive proposition for environmentally-minded drivers which to this day remains unrivalled even among its direct competitors.
BMW 320i, BMW 318d and BMW 316d
In spring 2012, BMW will launch three further engines for the new sports sedan series, all of them offering plentiful power and outstanding efficiency. Following the impressive BMW 328i, the top four-cylinder model already being presented today, the upcoming new BMW 320i will be the second model to be powered by a member of the new-generation 2.0-litre four-cylinder petrol engine family. In the new BMW 320i, this TwinPower Turbo engine will develop maximum power of 135 kW/184 hp at 5,000 rpm and peak torque of 270 Nm at just 1,250 rpm. The two upcoming turbodiesel models, which will be based on the same 2.0-litre core engine that is used in the new BMW 320d, will also develop impressive power and torque. In the BMW 318d, the diesel powerplant will develop maximum power of 105 kW/143 hp at 4,000 rpm and powerful peak torque of 320 Nm, which is available between 1,750 and 2,500 rpm. The extremely fuel-efficient BMW 316d, meanwhile, develops maximum power of 85 kW/116 hp at 4,000 rpm and maximum torque of 260 Nm, again at between 1,750 and 2,500 rpm. Further engine versions will follow, including a six-cylinder diesel unit and numerous xDrive models. Autumn 2012, finally, will see the launch of the BMW 3 ActiveHybrid.
Sporty six-speed manual transmission fitted as standard; state-of-the-art eight-speed automatic optionally available for all engine versions
The BMW 3-Series owes its characteristic driving experience not just to its high-torque, fast-revving engines, but also to its transmissions. For performance-minded drivers the transmission, as the interface where the power from the engine is relayed to the drive train, is pivotal to a dynamic driving experience. It is just as important for it to offer precise, short-throw shifting as to provide the right ratios. Smooth shifting, low noise and efficient design are further qualities demanded in the premium segment. The new BMW sports sedan comes with a six-speed manual transmission as standard. Those who prefer to leave the shifting to the transmission will find an ideal alternative in the ultra-innovative eight-speed automatic. Finally, customers can also opt for an eight-speed sports automatic version of this transmission, with steering wheel-mounted paddle shifts.
Six-speed manual transmission as standard
The sporty six-speed manual transmission in the new BMW 3-Series boasts an easy and precise shifting action and optimal ratio spacing. The lightweight, compact format and innovative, low-friction design help to further enhance driving enjoyment and efficiency. The transmissions used on the BMW 335i, BMW 320d and BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition models are equipped with dry sump lubrication for significantly improved efficiency and shifting quality, due to reduced drag losses. At the same time, noticeably more comfortable shifting is achieved by the use of innovative carbon friction linings in the synchromesh units. The transmission in the new BMW 328i features an optimised transmission precisely matched to the performance characteristics of the new turbo engine. The ratio spacing makes for powerful sprinting performance and fast mid-range acceleration, all combined with a reduction in fuel consumption.
Innovative eight-speed automatic transmission for petrol and diesel models: efficient power transmission and optimal ratios
Optionally, the new BMW 3-Series can be supplied with a high-performance eight-speed automatic transmission, which can be combined with any of the engines being presented. The additional ratios allow this transmission - which is an option not currently offered by any competitors in the compact sports sedan segment - to combine unprecedented standards of comfortable shifting, sporty performance and efficiency. With all this going for it, the automatic transmission is fully in keeping with the overall sporty temperament of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan.
In terms of size and weight, this eight-speed unit is comparable with the six-speed automatic transmission used in the past. A range of innovative technical features and exceptionally high internal efficiency allow this higher-performance unit, too, to combine powerful acceleration, nifty mid-range sprinting and further reduced fuel consumption. For performance-minded drivers this transmission also has lots to offer, particularly since the driver can choose to play a more active role by changing gear manually, thereby releasing even more of this sporty sedan's potential.
With its optimised control technology, the eight-speed transmission boasts extremely fast shift and reaction times and direct downshift capability. The electronic transmission controller can also alter the shift characteristics as required, to cater either for a more sporty or for a more relaxed, fuel-saving driving style. Despite a larger overall spread, eight ratios mean that the spacing between them is smaller, so that the optimal ratio is available in virtually all situations. The close ratios deliver refined and powerful acceleration as well as smooth and fuel-efficient low-rpm operation. Altogether, then, as well as providing dynamic acceleration and smooth shifting, the new eight-speed automatic also allows drivers to maintain a very economical driving style. The upshot is that, when fitted with the eight-speed automatic transmission, the new BMW 3-Series achieves virtually identical - or in the case of the BMW 335i, BMW 328i and BMW 320d even lower - fuel consumption and emissions than models equipped with the six-speed manual transmission.
A sports version of the new eight-speed automatic transmission is available as a further option for the new BMW 3-Series Sedan. This unit offers even sportier shift characteristics, and the option of changing gear manually using the paddle shifts on the steering wheel. Alternatively, on the petrol models it is also possible to use the electronic Quickshift selector lever on the centre console. To switch between Normal and Sport modes, the Driving Experience Control switch is used. This allows the sports automatic to deliver both dynamic driving enjoyment and top-level comfort.
Precision chassis engineering sets new standards: sporty handling, high agility and increased comfort
In the sixth model generation, too, dynamism and performance are among the stand-out features of the BMW sports sedan. These qualities are underpinned by a precision-engineered chassis that perfectly complements a winning formula: a longitudinally mounted engine, rear-wheel drive, a balanced axle load ratio and torsionally stiff body. In the new BMW 3-Series the engineers have further improved the already outstanding handling qualities of the predecessor series and its excellent agility and directional stability, while at the same time noticeably improving comfort. To achieve this, they have made extensive use of extra-lightweight chassis components, sophisticated and perfectly tailored axle kinematics and a high-precision steering system which - due to the rear-wheel-drive set-up - is not affected by torque steer. State-of-the-art electronic control systems on the new BMW 3-Series Sedan help manage the vehicle dynamics and ensure that the combination of outstanding sporty performance and increased comfort can be enjoyed to the full and with complete peace of mind.
With friction-reduced wheel bearings and ball joints, aerodynamic improvements at the rear axle, an electro-mechanical steering system and reduced rolling-resistance tyres, the whole chassis plays its part in reducing fuel consumption and thus emissions.
A wheelbase of 2,810 millimetres (+ 50 mm) and a front and rear track width of 1,543 (+ 37 mm) and 1,583 millimetres (+ 48 mm) respectively give the new BMW 3-Series Sedan a more road-hugging stance than its predecessor, while the weight-optimised powertrain and lightweight body design result in a perfectly balanced 50:50 axle load ratio. This means that maximum dynamism and agility is combined with maximum stability.
Double-joint front axle with spring struts and anti-roll bar
The front axle of the new BMW sports sedan is based on a proven design which provides an optimal fusion of driving dynamics and comfort. The wheel suspension combines maximum stiffness with minimum weight, while aluminium torque struts, wishbones and swivel bearings bring a substantial reduction in unsprung masses. At the same time, the absence of torque steer means the kinematics of the double-joint axle could be optimally geared to the agility and dynamism of the new BMW 3-Series. This factor also has benefits for the new BMW 3-Series' electromechanical steering system, which brings less weight to the scales, helps cut fuel consumption and, just like the suspension, damping and elastokinematics, is precisely matched to the requirements of this vehicle.
Advanced axle design further refined: five-link rear axle improves driving dynamics and comfort
Incorporating various significant improvements and refinements, the rear axle of the new BMW 3-Series makes an important contribution to the new model's improved driving dynamics and comfort. Its space-saving design is based on the tried-and-tested five-link design used on the predecessor model, with elastokinematics which have been specially tailored to the new sports sedan, featuring long spring travel and precise and confident wheel location in all situations.
Extra-wide mounts and supports on the wheel carriers for track and camber, extremely stiff control arms, the stiff axle subframe and thrust arms connecting the suspension and body provide an excellent basis for the agile and, at the same time, comfortable overall suspension qualities of the new BMW 3-Series Sedan. The large mounts and supports at the rear axle not only affect handling, they are also important for ensuring good acoustic insulation between the powertrain and suspension, particularly on vehicles with a powerful, high-torque engine. Thanks to the effective insulation of the powertrain from road excitations, the new rear axle therefore also provides first-class noise and vibration damping.
The classic BMW 3-Series rear-wheel-drive set-up and a balanced weight distribution also provide the ideal basis for resolving the conflict between ride and handling. As a result, the new BMW 3-Series impresses with extremely sporty handling combined with highest standards of stability and comfort. Last but not least, the reduced-friction wheel bearings, robust powertrain isolation and carefully targeted aerodynamics modifications at the rear axle also contribute to improved driving dynamics and efficiency.
Electromechanical steering increases agility and comfort
The driving enjoyment, agility and comfort are also down to an accurate steering system which always gives the driver precise feedback. The typical BMW rear-wheel-drive setup, which eliminates torque steer, provides the ideal basis for this. The new BMW 3-Series is fitted with the electromechanical power steering system EPS (Electronic Power Steering), which uses an electric motor to provide steering assistance, with no concessions on the sporty steering characteristics for which this sedan is noted. EPS only operates when steering assistance is actually required: no electrical power is consumed during straightline driving or steady-state cornering. That is what differentiates electromechanical steering from hydraulic systems, which use power and therefore fuel even when not providing steering assistance. Highlights of this system include not only high efficiency but also low weight, high steering precision with good feedback, and comfort-enhancing self-centering and anti-roll characteristics. The BMW 335i and 328i are both equipped as standard with the Servotronic function for speed-sensitive power assistance.
Optional Variable Sports Steering
Optionally a new variable-ratio steering system can be specified. Variable Sports Steering provides different steering gear ratios depending on the angle of the steering wheel, so that the new BMW 3-Series responds either more directly or more softly to the driver's inputs. This reduces the number of steering wheel rotations required for bigger turns by up to 25 per cent and makes for easier, more convenient parking and turning since less effort is required from the driver. Also, the handling is sharper in general, for example when very sudden evasive action is called for. At smaller steering angles between zero and 100 degrees, on the other hand, the Sedan provides high standards of track-holding and straightline stability, and offers very precise response to steering changes. The variable-ratio steering is a purely mechanical system based on a variable-ratio steering rack.
The new BMW 3-Series Sedans are factory-fitted with attractively styled, high-quality alloy wheels. The BMW 335i and BMW 328i run on 17-inch Star-spoke wheels carrying 225/50 R17 tyres. The BMW 320d and BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition diesel models ride on 16-inch V-spoke or Streamline-style alloy wheels and 205/60 R16 tyres. The rolling resistance of the tyres in the basic sizes quoted above has been reduced yet again - this time by approximately 15 per cent, while still maintaining the customary high BMW standards of driving dynamics.
Model versions of the new BMW 3-Series fitted with 17-inch - or larger - wheels are supplied as standard with run-flat safety tyres and the Tyre Puncture Warning System (TPWS). This solution provides additional convenience and safety benefits. Should a puncture occur, there is no need for a roadside repair or tyre change. What's more, the warning system informs the driver of any loss of tyre pressure, so he can usually take precautions to avoid being stranded. Even if a tyre becomes fully deflated, the vehicle maintains directional stability and can continue to be driven on the run-flat tyre at an appropriate speed. A further advantage of this system is that a spare tyre and a jack can be dispensed with, thereby saving weight and creating more boot space. Vehicles which do not have run-flat safety tyres are equipped as standard with the BMW Mobility Set, including an air compressor, tyre sealant and other breakdown accessories.
High-performance lightweight brake system
The dynamic performance of the sports sedan calls for a larger brake system, and the new BMW 3-Series thus uses lightweight sliding-calliper brakes with large vented discs. The aluminium front callipers bring a further reduction in unsprung masses. This extremely high-performance system also features outstanding heat tolerance, excellent wet braking performance, easy operation and precise control. Together with the large wheels and high-grip wide tyres, it provides the sports sedan with highly effective deceleration. A brake pad wear indicator and brake drying function are standard on all models.
The brake system is further supported by various state-of-the-art electronic safety systems, which are integrated into the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) system for improved driving dynamics and safety. The DSC system incorporates the following functions: Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), Automatic Stability Control (ASC), Dynamic Traction Control (DTC), Dynamic Brake Control (DBC) and Cornering Brake Control (CBC), along with start-off assist, brake drying and an electronic limited slip function for the rear differential, which can be activated using the "DSC Off" button.
Optional M Sport brake
For performance-minded customers, BMW can alternatively offer the M Sport brake, which combines high performance standards with sporty styling. Aluminium four-piston fixed callipers at the front and two-piston fixed callipers at the rear, and large brake discs, combine extremely low weight with very short stopping distances.
Driving Experience Control switch with ECO PRO mode: extra-sporty, more relaxed or more fuel-efficient driving modes - at the press of a button
Drivers are able to vary the overall character of the sedan depending on the driving situation or to suit their personal preferences. As well as sportier or more comfortable drive settings, they can also opt for extra fuel efficiency. The different modes are selected using the new Driving Experience Control function including ECO PRO mode, which is standard specification on all models.
Using the Driving Experience Control switch, the driver is able to customise accelerator response characteristics, engine response, the power steering characteristics and the Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) thresholds. If fitted, the Servotronic function, the automatic transmission and Dynamic Damper Control are integrated into the system too. Using the simple-to-operate rocker switch on the centre console, drivers can choose between ECO PRO, COMFORT, SPORT and SPORT+ modes. Each of these predefined set-ups activates different settings for the relevant powertrain and suspension components.
In SPORT mode, for example, throttle response is even faster and the steering becomes even more direct. On vehicles with automatic transmission, the shift points are altered to provide a significantly sportier drive. Depending on vehicle specification, it is also possible to choose at one and the same time a sporty setting for powertrain components and a comfortable setting for suspension components - and vice versa. If the Professional navigation system is fitted, two gauges in a dynamics display on the instrument panel inform the driver how much power and torque are being used in the current driving situation.
A further button allows the driver to change the DSC settings. Selecting TRACTION mode, for example, makes it much easier to start off on loose surfaces or in deep snow. In this mode as well as in SPORT+ mode, the Dynamic Stability Control thresholds are raised and Dynamic Traction Control (DTC) is activated. It is also possible to shut off DSC altogether. The electronic limited-slip function for the rear differential can then provide extra-sporty acceleration out of corners or hairpins.
The new ECO PRO mode, meanwhile, supports an extra-efficient and economy-conscious driving style. It does this by changing the accelerator mapping so that the same pedal travel delivers less power than in the standard mode. Also in this mode, the Optimum Shift Indicator for manual models, and the transmission control strategy for automatic models, are modified so as to bring forward upshifts and to delay downshifts, while intelligent energy and climate management reduces the mechanical power consumption and also the consumption of electrical systems such as heated mirrors and seats. But the biggest factor influencing fuel consumption figures are the driver's own personal driving habits. That is why, with reference to the specific driving situation, electronic systems provide tips and incentives on how to develop a more economy-conscious driving style. Special displays in the instrument cluster let the driver know by how much the driving range is being extended and indicate his fuel consumption history. ECO PRO mode allows average fuel consumption to be reduced by up to 20 per cent, with a corresponding increase in driving range.
Dynamic options: M Sport package, Adaptive M Sport suspension, sports automatic transmission and BMW 3-Series xDrive
Enthusiasts will welcome the further features that are available to enhance the dynamic driving qualities of the new BMW 3-Series and give them a distinctive visual dimension as well. The M Sport package is designed for this very purpose and has been developed specifically for this model series. It includes the lowered M Sport suspension, featuring a 10 millimetre (0.4 in.) drop in ride height, which works with firmer suspension and damping as well as harder anti-roll bars. Also featured are 18 or 19-inch M alloy wheels. The luxurious package is completed by an M aerodynamics package featuring special body parts, and by chrome tailpipes, exclusive exterior paintwork and interior trim to match. The M aerodynamics package and M Sport suspension can also be specified separately. Also optionally available for the new BMW 3-Series is an Adaptive M Sport suspension with electronically controlled damping. Based on incoming information about body and wheel acceleration, lateral and longitudinal acceleration, vehicle speed and steering wheel position, an electronic control unit adapts the damper mapping to the road surface and driving situation. At the same time the driver can use the Driving Experience Control switch to vary the basic suspension characteristics between more comfortable or sportier settings.
An eight-speed sports automatic suspension with faster shift times and sporty steering wheel-mounted paddle shifts is also available as an option.
The new BMW 3-Series will soon provide even more variety and become even more attractive with the introduction of BMW xDrive intelligent all-wheel drive. In addition to the typical benefits of all-wheel drive, the electronically controlled BMW xDrive system - which can vary the driver power split between the front and rear wheels with split-second speed - ensures top-class traction, safety and handling, and optimal power management whatever the weather and road conditions. The system has been recalibrated for greater agility and precision, with benefits also for cornering. In this new version it offers an ideal combination of dynamism and comfort, and is the ideal basis for maximum driving enjoyment. The BMW 335i xDrive, BMW 328i xDrive, BMW 320i xDrive and BMW 320d xDrive all-wheel-drive models will go on sale in summer 2012.
BMW EfficientDynamics: More power, less fuel consumption
With high-performance engines, superior suspension technology and an extremely torsion-resistant body, the new BMW 3-Series is building on its position as the sportiest sedan in its segment. It is also advancing even further on the comfort front. Agility and dynamism continue to be the sports sedan's stand-out features, and are key to its high standards of driving enjoyment.
State-of-the art petrol engines in the BMW 3-Series: BMW TwinPower Turbo technology for more dynamic performance and reduced fuel consumption
The petrol engines available at launch deliver best possible power, fast-revving performance and refinement, combined with unsurpassed efficiency. Both the new four-cylinder unit in the agile BMW 328i and the large-displacement six-cylinder unit in the new BMW 335i feature a perfect package of innovative technologies. The common feature of all these engines is BMW TwinPower Turbo technology, with twin-scroll turbocharging, High Precision Direct Petrol Injection, Double-Vanos variable camshaft timing and VALVETRONIC variable valve timing. The reduced-friction core engines also feature a lightweight all-aluminium crankcase, with benefits for both the efficiency and the agility of the new BMW 3-Series.
State-of-the-art diesel engines: high-torque, smooth-running and efficient
The sports sedan's BMW TwinPower Turbo diesel engines likewise incorporate the very latest in BMW engine technology. Latest-generation common rail direct injection, turbocharging and all-aluminium design provide these cutting-edge diesel engines with high torque, high levels of refinement and unsurpassed efficiency. A centrifugal pendulum absorber integrated in the dual-mass flywheel reduces irregular running for greater refinement at low engine speeds. In the sixth model generation, too, the BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition is the uncontested CO2 "champion" and again sets the benchmark in its segment, with average EU fuel consumption of 4.1 litres per 100 kilometres (68.9 mpg imp) and CO2 emissions of just 109 grams per kilometre. Also, from mid-2012, advanced BMW BluePerformance technology will be available for the new
BMW 320d and BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition. This system, which combines a diesel particulate filter and oxidation catalyst with a NOX adsorber catalyst, efficiently reduces nitrogen oxide emissions and achieves compliance with the EU6 standards.
Choice of optimised transmissions: six-speed manual or eight-speed automatic unit
All engine versions of the new sports sedan are specified as standard with a state-of-the-art six-speed manual transmission. Alternatively, an eight-speed automatic transmission is optionally available. Both transmissions boast optimised efficiency, compact design and reduced weight. In the BMW 335i and the two diesel versions, the six-speed manual transmission features dry sump lubrication and a modified gear train design. This new design reduces drag losses in the gear train, while oil supply management largely eliminates churning. All versions with manual transmission are also equipped with an Optimum Shift Indicator which shows the driver the ideal moment to change gear, taking into account the current driving situation. When the new ECO PRO mode is activated, the recommendations in this display are always geared to maximised fuel efficiency.
The eight-speed automatic transmission likewise features innovative gearing design. Although this new unit is neither larger nor heavier than the previous six-speed automatic, it offers two additional ratios and a larger overall ratio spread. Together with the minimised torque converter slip, high internal efficiency, low friction losses and intelligent transmission control, this creates substantial potential for fuel savings. The BMW 335i, BMW 328i and BMW 320d actually achieve better standard EU fuel consumption with this transmission than with the manual version, while compared with the previous six-speed automatic transmission, fuel consumption has been improved by between 9 and 13 per cent. Even the low-CO2 BMW 320d EfficientDynamics Edition achieves just as good fuel consumption and emissions with this transmission as with a manual unit. The new ECO PRO mode programmes the transmission to bring forward upshifts and to delay downshifts.
Auto Start-Stop, Brake Energy Regeneration, ECO PRO mode
The new BMW 3-Series Sedan is equipped as standard with an Auto Start-Stop function, which automatically switches off the engine during short stops at traffic lights or in stationary traffic, so as not to waste fuel. For the first time, and uniquely in this class, this system can be combined with the new eight-speed automatic transmission. The new BMW 3-Series also comes with standard-fitted Brake Energy Regeneration. As far as possible, therefore, power for the vehicle electrical system is generated only during braking and overrun. When the engine is under load, the alternator can often be disengaged. This not only means that electricity can be generated with little or no effect on fuel consumption, it also grants the sports sedan livelier acceleration. Finally, the new Driving Experience Control switch gives drivers the option of selecting ECO PRO mode which, by modifying the powertrain management and programming the heating and air conditioning, the heated seats and the exterior mirrors to operate at optimum efficiency, reduces fuel consumption by as much as 20 per cent.
On-demand control of ancillary units saves energy
Intelligent energy management in the new BMW 3-Series is further enhanced by the ancillary units, which consume significantly less energy compared with conventional systems. Examples include the on-demand coolant pump, the electronically controlled oil pump and the electromechanical steering system, which only consumes electric power when steering assistance is actually required. The special air conditioning compressor featured on many of the sports sedan models works on the same principle. As soon as the driver switches the air conditioning off, the belt drive to the compressor is disconnected by a magnetic clutch, to minimise power drain.
Intelligent lightweight design brings further reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions
Use of lightweight materials has played a significant role in reducing vehicle weight and in delivering high passenger cell safety standards, combined with a significant increase in strength. At the same time, these measures also help to ensure superior driving dynamics. Intelligent lightweight design is integrated into all areas of BMW vehicle development work and into all components, from the body and engine to the suspension. Materials used include high and ultra-high tensile steels, a hot-stamped B-pillar, plastics and state-of the-art composites. Increased use of aluminium components in the engine and suspension systems has also further reduced the weight of the relevant assemblies.
Aerodynamic optimisation of underside panelling
As the excellent drag coefficient (cd = 0.26) would suggest, the aerodynamics of the new BMW 3-Series have been intensively honed in a state-of-the-art wind tunnel. The optimised aerodynamics also have benefits for noise reduction and roadholding. In particular, streamlined design of the underside plays a big part in minimising lift forces. The BMW 3-Series' aerodynamically optimised underside - with extended streamlined panels at the sides, under the engine compartment shield and at the front part of the exhaust tunnel - provides unprecedented standards of sealing. Additional aerodynamic covers, which create a diffusor effect at the rear axle, further reduce drag and lift forces, while at the same time improving stone chip protection. Also, the front aprons are designed to create an "air curtain" effect which reduces turbulence in the wheel arch area - again reducing drag. The aerodynamically designed wheel arches, and the air deflectors in front of them, likewise help to reduce fuel consumption.
Dynamic, efficient and innovative: the new BMW 3 ActiveHybrid
In autumn 2012 a further model will join the BMW 3-Series. In the new 3 ActiveHybrid - a full hybrid at the premium end of the sports sedan class - the innovative BMW ActiveHybrid powertrain technology and the sporty personality of the BMW 3-Series meet and merge with highly dynamic and efficient results. The combination of the six-cylinder petrol engine and electric drive produce unrivalled driving enjoyment, combined with even better fuel consumption and emissions figures, and further intensify the sporty yet fuel-efficient driving experience that lies at the heart of the new BMW 3-Series. The gains in both performance and efficiency are a textbook example of the BMW EfficientDynamics development strategy in action. The new BMW 3 ActiveHybrid is the fourth production model in which a model-specific intelligent combination of internal combustion engine and electric drive provides extra dynamism while at the same time significantly slashing fuel consumption and emissions. In the BMW 3 ActiveHybrid, ActiveHybrid technology has for the first time been integrated into the vehicle architecture right from the start. Amongst other things, this meant that a lot of space was saved.
The powertrain of the BMW 3 ActiveHybrid is closely tailored to the sporty personality of the new BMW 3-Series. It features a 225 kW/306 hp six-cylinder petrol engine with BMW TwinPower Turbo technology and a hybrid-specific eight-speed automatic transmission with integrated electric motor which for limited periods can increase power by up to 40 kW/54 hp. Maximum combined output is 250 kW/340 hp, with a maximum combined torque of 450 Newton metres. This high-powered, high-performance combination nevertheless returns low fuel figures. Average consumption in the EU test cycle is expected to be less than 6.4 litres per 100 kilometres (44.1 mpg imp). That means the ActiveHybrid technology in the BMW 3 ActiveHybrid offers fuel savings of around 12.5 per cent compared with equally powerful conventionally driven BMW sports sedans.
The electric motor supplies the six-cylinder petrol engine with supplementary driving power and can provide a boost function when extra-dynamic performance is required. This adds a further edge to the driving experience in the BMW 3 ActiveHybrid. BMW ActiveHybrid technology also allows the vehicle to run solely on electric power. In this zero-emission, virtually soundless driving mode, the vehicle can cover a distance of between three and four kilometres (around 2 to 2.5 miles). Top speeds in all-electric mode range from 60 km/h (37 mph) under load to 160 km/h (almost 100 mph) on overrun (coasting). When the driver applies more throttle, the internal combustion engine is engaged automatically, then disengaged on overrun. During overrun and braking, the electric motor acts as a generator, converting kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is used to charge the battery. This is the same principle as the Brake Energy Regeneration function on the reg
source : BMW Press
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IMMEDIATE NEED FAMILY FORM
24 Worthen Street
Chelmsford, MA 01824
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Irene Hulslander
January 3, 1923 - December 3, 2018
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HULSLANDER - Greta "Irene" (Berry) Hulslander, 95, a longtime resident of Chelmsford, passed away on Monday, December 3, 2018 at Westford House Nursing Home. She had been married for 67 years to the late Ralph J. Hulslander, Jr. who died in 2014... Read More
HULSLANDER - Greta "Irene" (Berry) Hulslander, 95, a longtime resident of Chelmsford, passed away on Monday, December 3, 2018 at Westford House Nursing Home. She had been married for 67 years to the late Ralph J. Hulslander, Jr. who died in 2014. Irene is survived by her son, Ralph Hulslander, III and his wife Marilyn of Pepperell.
Irene was a graduate of Lowell High School and afterward she completed a two year course at Bradshaw Business school. She served in the United States Navy during WWII. She was employed for over 20 years as a secretary in the guidance office at Nashoba Technical High School. She had previously worked for the Chelmsford News Weekly. Irene was a past member of St. Anne's Episcopal Church in Lowell, and All Saints Episcopal Church in Chelmsford. An avid golfer, Irene was a member of Mount Pleasant Golf Club in Lowell. She also loved spending time working in her garden.
The true joy in her life, however, was the love of her grandchildren; Dawn Higgins and her husband Matthew of Winterville, NC, Jeffrey Hulslander and his wife Abra of Groton, MA, and Kathrin Osterberg and her husband Paul of West Boylston, MA, and six great-grandchildren; Katelyn, Cole and Chloe Higgins, Jack and Emma Hulslander and Alexander Osterberg.
She also leaves her sister, Nathalie Ganley of New Jersey, sister-in-law Irene Hurst of Florida, her cherished goddaughter, Debra Kleisch, and many nieces and nephews as well as her very dear and close friend, Dee Loiselle.
She was pre-deceased by one brother, James R. Berry, and three sisters, Edna Hedlund, Muriel Kleisch and Betty Egan.
Irene's family gratefully acknowledges the love and care of the staffs at Chelmsford Crossings, Visiting Angels, and most especially the Westford House.
Visiting hours will be on Friday from 5-7pm at the BLAKE CHELMSFORD FUNERAL HOME, 24 Worthen St., CHELMSFORD. Her Funeral Service will be held on Saturday at 10:30am at the funeral home. Interment will be held privately. Memorial contributions in Greta's name may be made to Lowell Sun Santa Fund, 491 Dutton Street, Lowell, MA 01854.
December 7, 2018 | 5:00pm - 7:00pm
December 7, 2018 5:00pm - 7:00pm
Blake Chelmsford Funeral Home
December 8, 2018 | 10:30am
Reverend Jonathan MacKenzie
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Advanced Commercial Interiors Limited gives new life to a derelict property.
The exterior of the more than 200-year-old property. Image courtesy of ACI.
How many square feet per person?
Renovations uncovered a number of problems, including an Asbestos roof. Image courtesy of ACI.
Both owners of the company were heavily involved in the design process, from drawings right through to choosing finishes for the project.
Natural light spills into the office from restored windows. Image courtesy of ACI.
Typical project management/works programming were used. We needed to ensure that all work was carried out in line with building regulations.
Yes, employees were asked about the type of space they felt they would work best in and any special features that they would like. The desires were for an open space with dedicated meeting space. One of the quirky features that was requested was for a putting green to be implemented with the outdoor space by the canal.
Unfortunately the roof of the mill was constructed with Asbestos, which meant that the whole roof had to be removed and replaced.
We wanted to open up the windows which had been bricked up to allow much more natural light into the space. We've found that natural light leads to more productivity and general happiness amongst the workforce.
There were several unusual requirements from a construction perspective. One of the main things we needed to focus on was installing barriers in case the canal were to overflow into the building.


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Starting debt free: $8.7M grant secured by Tester buoys Missoula airport project
By Martin KidstonSeptember 12, 2018
September 12, 2018 By Missoula Current
An artist's rendering of the new passenger terminal planned at Missoula International Airport.
A round of discretionary funding secured by Sen. Jon Tester will enable Missoula International Airport to advance further into the first phase of building its new passenger terminal, and do so sooner than expected.
Airport director Cris Jensen said Wednesday the $8.7 million secured by Tester from the U.S. Department of Transportation will enable the project's first phase to move forward without taking on debt.
"We've got our timeline fixed, but the funding was the one thing beyond our control," Jensen said. "The debt fills the gap for when we don't have grant funds in place. But since this (grant) is bigger than we expected, it allows us to go further in that construction without having to incur debt."
The airport is now moving the TSA security checkpoint from its current location to the center of the airport lobby, where it will open on Dec. 10 and remain until work is complete on the first leg of the new terminal.
Demolision of the existing wing, followed by excavation and foundation work for a five-gate concourse, was already slated to move forward in early January, though the grant announced by Tester on Wednesday will allow it to begin debt free.
Jensen said the airport was looking to receive $11.6 million in discretionary transportation grants, and the funding secured by Tester will count toward that. However, Wednesday's grant was larger than expected, leaving the airport optimistic that grant funds will exceed the original estimate.
"We're hopeful, based on what we got, that we'll actually exceed that $11.6 million," Jensen said. "It looks to us, based on our conversations with FAA, that that will happen. That means ultimately in the end we'll have less debt, and the fact we're getting it sooner helps cash-flow the project."
With larger aircraft and more destinations, Missoula International has set new passenger records in each of the past few years, including last year's record of 772,000. It's on pace to exceed that figure once again, and while the terminal project will take years to complete, getting it started can't happen fast enough, airport officials have said.
The project, estimated at more than $67 million, will include eight passenger gates in two concourses with room for future expansion. The project isn't paid by local bonds or taxes but rather, with revenues generated by the airport and federal grants, such as the one announced on Wednesday.
"Investments in air travel in and out of Missoula are critically important to western Montana," Tester said. "This grant will expand tourism, provide a big boost to the economy, and make it easier for Montanans to stay connected with their friends and families."
Funding for the airport project, along with upgrades to other state infrastructure, was included in the omnibus bill, which Tester supported. Sen. Steve Daines voted against the bill, though he lauded funding for the airport's long-sought upgrade.
"The new terminal at Missoula International Airport will be a game changer for travel in Western Montana, creating more jobs and generating more tourist dollars." Daines said. "I'm pleased to see Missoula, as well as Butte and Ennis, receive these much-needed funds. Montanans should be able to count on reliable access to airports and infrastructure."


text:
Manuel de Seabra (1932 in Lisbon – 22 May 2017) was a Portuguese writer, journalist, and translator. He translates Russian, Portuguese, Catalan and Esperanto. He and his wife compiled the Portuguese-Catalan/Catalan-Portuguese Dictionary. He was awarded the Creu de Sant Jordi in 2001.

Works

In Portuguese
 Eu e o diabo (1950)
 Cântico necessário (1954)
 Terra de ninguém (1959)
 O retrato esboçado (1960)
 O fogo sagrado (1961)
 Os sobreviventes (1965)
 85 poemas realistas (1974)
 Os rios sem nome (1982)
 A literatura indo-portuguesa (1971), amb Vimala Devi
 Os exércitos de Paluzie (1982)
 Conheces Blaise Cendrars (1984)
 Promessa às escuras (1994)
 O dia em que Jesus traiu Judas (1996)
 A reforma dos cavalos (1998)
 Bar-Mitzvah (2001)
 Odiai-vos uns aos outros (2003)

In Catalan
 Els exèrcits de Paluzie (1982)
 Coneixes Blaise Cendrars? (1984)
 Paisatge amb figures (1986)
 Fer senyors a la Plaça Roja (1986)
 El dia que Jesús va trair Judes (1995)
 Odieu-vos els uns als altres (2004)
 Diccionari portuguès-català (1985), amb Vimala Devi
 Diccionari català-portuguès (1989), amb Vimala Devi

In Esperanto
 Antologio de portugalaj rakontoj (redactor) (1959)
 La armeoj de Paluzie (1996)
 Promeso en obskuro (1997)
 La tago kiam Jesuo perfidis Judason (2001)
 Ĉu vi konas Blaise Cendrars? (2007)
 Malamu vin, unu la alian (2009)

References

External links
Profile from the Generalitat de Catalunya

1932 births
2017 deaths
Portuguese male writers
People from Lisbon
Portuguese Esperantists
Translators of Fernando Pessoa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Delnaaz Irani shares new promo of Kabhi Kabhi Ittefaq Sey
Delnaaz shared the new promo of Star Plus' upcoming show Kabhi Kabhi Ittefaq Sey on her social media.
Delnaaz Irani, who has been a part of popular shows and was also seen in Colors' biggest reality show Bigg Boss will soon be seen in Star Plus' upcoming show 'Kabhi Kabhi Ittefaq Sey'. The promo of the show has already created a lot of buzz among the audience. It will bring to the viewers the journey of two contrasting personalities in the backdrop of a joint Indian family.
Delnaaz, who will be seen in a different avtaar, recently shared the new promo of the show on her social media. She captioned the promo saying, "Happy Monday everyone, my new show 'Kabhi Kabhi Ittefaq Sey' is coming super soon. Its a feel good, family show that's fresh and shows you the emotions that one has when living in a big family, its a slice of life and one can truly resonate with this family and all the members! It's a show that will make you laugh, will make you teary eyed but mainly will leave you feeling amazing and it takes you back to the good old family shows that we all loved. Here's a little promo for you guys, hope you all love it! Have a great week friends!''
Have a look at the promo.
Delnaaz will be seen playing the character of Kiran. And in fact, this is the first time she will be seen playing a non comical character which is similar to her in real life.
Kabhi Kabhi Ittefaq Se which was tentatively going to release on the 27th of November has been pushed and shall get launched in December.
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1 months ago When the show will be on air?
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400 local children attend Meet the Players Evening in RG2
Schools & Grassroots Ticketing Scheme championed on fun evening
Reading Football Club were delighted to welcome 400 local children from ten schools and grassroots clubs to Madejski Stadium on Tuesday night, to give them the chance to meet the Royals and thank them for their support this season.
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In total, 17 players from our first team and Women's team were on stage in the Princess Suite, taking questions from the children on an enjoyable evening. Chief Executive, Nigel Howe addressed the audience and thanked our young Royals for their support of their local side, before introducing the evening and the players themselves.
The children were invited to the event thanks to their success in using our Schools & Grassroots Ticketing Scheme to attend Madejski Stadium matches this season.
Not only did the youngsters get to hear from their footballing heroes, each group was given the chance to have a photo with the squad and get their Royals memorabilia signed - before heading down to the Players' Tunnel to get an exclusive look at the first team dressing room, and have their photo taken with our mascots, Kingsley and Queensley pitchside.
That's not all, as each child in attendance was given a complimentary ticket to watch our Under-23s in action against Bayern Munich at Madejski Stadium on Monday 1st April, as well as a ticket to see our Women's team take on Brighton & Hove Albion in RG2 on Saturday 20th April.
We would like to thank everyone for attending and playing their part in an evening that saw Reading FC keep in touch with young Royals in the local community - all through interacting with our Schools & Grassroots Ticketing Scheme.
The schools and local grassroots clubs in attendance were as follows:
Birch Copse School
Caversham Primary School
Church Crookham Primary School
English Martyrs School
Evendons Primary School
Hawley FC
Pinewood FC
Purley Jubilee FC
Sonning Common Primary School
St Crispin's School
And we have already received fantastic feedback from those who attended on the night:
I just wanted to thank you for last night and let you know that all the boys at Pinewood had a great time last night and enjoyed the event greatly! I'm sure Reading have gained a few more supporters! Everyone who went said it was a great event that was well organised with the tour of the stadium and the chance to meet all the players. It definitely provided some great insight into being a professional footballer. Thanks for all the hard work yourself and everyone at the club put in, on organising it all, it is very much appreciated by everyone at Pinewood.
We all had a brilliant time last night – thanks so much to you for the organising and to the players and manager for giving up their time and putting on such an interesting event.
What an amazing night it was! We would like to thank you and Reading FC for the fantastic experience you have given to the children, they all had such a good time and came home very inspired. And even the adults had a blast :) So thank you once again and our compliments on the organisation and smooth running of this event.
Church Crookham School
I've just heard from our staff who attended and said that the evening was excellent on so many levels. Thank you for organising.
If you wish to find out more about our Schools & Grassroots Ticketing Scheme, or wish to sign up, click the banner below for further information.


Sleek has a fabulous line up for Fall. Richly pigmented eyeshadow's in the i-divine Storm Palette, a beautiful assortment of Creme-to-Powder blushes, super smooth pencil eyeliners, and some gorgeous shades of True Color lipstick. I have long adored this UK brand and if there is one brand of makeup worth ordering overseas it is Sleek. Have a look at some of the Fall Collection!
When I opened up this palette it was like opening a box of jewels. Storm is an stunning mix of shimmering neutrals and jewel tones. The texture of these shadows is amazing, so creamy and soft. Pigmentation is awesome and they have minimal fallout. Every I-divine eyeshadow palette I own has been impressive. Storm is my favorite Fall eyeshadow palette this Fall in terms of colors that really fit the season.
Eau La La Liner is a highly pigmented, rich, creamy pencil. This extremely long-lasting formula is ideal for blending, smudging and defining. Blue Moon is a gorgeous deep teal blue and Noir a soft black. The formula on these is everything you want in a pencil liner, they glide on so smooth and set to a budgeproof finish.
Get high impact lips with True Colour Lipstick in a gorgeous matte and sheen finishes in a variety of shades that are highly pigmented, and conditioning to keep lips soft and supple. Enriched with vitamin E helping to hydrate and protect the lips. Comfortable to wear and glides on with ease this is the must have to awaken your makeup look. Available in 20 shades.
Succumb is a sheen brown with a pink undertone which is the perfect companion for sultry dark eyes.
Papaya Punch is a matte bright coral, more orange than coral.
Smoulder is a deep, sheeny red.
The Sheen formula was definitely my favorite over the matte. It applies super creamy and pigmented with a slick finish. The matte lipstick is a little less impressive. The pigmentation was there but Papaya Pumch applied patchy and left a very noticeable line between the inner lip and the lipstick. What I don't like about these lipsticks is the tube. When putting the cap on if you twist the lipstick even a little it completely destroys the top of the lipstick. Definitely could use a bit more room up top..I feel ya Sleek. I feel ya.
Innovative Crème to Powder Blush offers intense colour with a dewy, satin finish. The soft texture blends to a light powdery effect. The range of stunning hues from soft pink to warm coral and fuchsia will brighten and flatter all complexions. Available in 6 shades.
First off these blushes look and perform a whole lot like NARS at a fraction of the price. The gel texture quickly turns to a powder and blends seamlessly on to the skin. They are pigmented and long-lasting while looking great both applied with a brush or your fingers. Amaryllis is a cool dusky mauve that is going in to my blush rotation immeditely. This color is going to be so beautiful come Winter too.
Find these products and more at Sleekmakeup.com. Free Shipping over $35 to the US and $65 for the rest of the world.