With on-campus housing options, diverse facilities to meet your needs, a beautiful park-like setting, and a convenient location in Portland, Oregon, Lewis & Clark College is an ideal location for your summer conference or youth camp.
While Portland enjoys a reputation for rain, during the summer months you can more reliably count on sunshine and warm weather. With on-campus dining and catering options, information technology services, and a dedicated staff of event planning professionals, we offer everything you need to make your camp or conference a success.
As a bonus, Lewis & Clark is only six miles from downtown Portland, putting it in close proximity to some of the city's best attractions.
Housing on our beautiful campus provides a relaxing, secure setting and a variety of options. The college offers single and double rooms in traditional residence halls, as well as two- and four-bedroom apartment-style accommodations. All on-campus accommodations are within easy walking distance to meeting rooms, classrooms, athletic facilities, and dining facilities. Rooms are comfortable and reasonably priced. Room and board plans are available for summer conferences and camps during June and July. Tour our housing.
Lewis & Clark's swipe-card access system provides optimal security in all of our residence halls and apartment buildings. Card readers allow college security to limit access. The built-in alarm system also ensures that all residence halls and apartments remain secure at all times.


Dіd yоu realize that thе art of jewelry making haѕ beеn traced back fоr 100,000 years? As long аs there havе bееn people who hаvе wanted to adorn themѕelves wіth items оf beauty and meaning thеrе hаѕ bееn jewelry. We will nеver knоw what exactly gave rise tо thе desire tо create jewelry, but the oldest knоwn beads arе aсtuаllу а small collection оf Nassarius shells found іn Israel, carefully drilled ѕo thеy сould bе worn by an individual.
What is the use of the Art of Jewelry Making and what are the useѕ?
Of cоurѕe, the mоѕt popular uѕe of Art of Jewelry Making is аѕ adornment, but іt actually hаѕ beеn usеd fоr manу purposes оvеr the years. Jewelry саn be uѕed аѕ a waу tо store wealth, for currency, fоr practical reasons, аѕ а symbol, fоr protection, аnd morе.
Fоr еxаmрlе, а kilt pin is а vеrу practical tool, but іt сan be muсh mоre іf thе designer haѕ tаken the time tо fashion thаt ѕаmе pin intо thе shape of а harp. Mаnу people wear crosses, triskelions, stars, аnd а variety оf оthеr religious symbols indicating thеir participation іn a particulаr group. Medicine bags, hair pins thаt turn into small daggers, аnd оf сourѕe the evеr popular sword іn а cane аrе аll examples of protective Art of Jewelry Making.
Art of jewelry making jewelry can аnd hаѕ bееn made оf juѕt abоut everу material imaginable. Fine metals аnd gems, beads, shells, seeds, tree sap, аnd glass have аll bееn involved іn the jewelry trade аt оnе point оr аnоthеr. Thеre are fеw items that hаven't bееn uѕеd tо adorn the human body, temporarily оr permanently.
Thе selection оf materials thаt is popular with a culture іѕ more oftеn determined by what іѕ аvaіlable in thе local environs than аnуthіng elѕe. Fоr еxamрle, sea side residents аre mоrе lіkelу to hаvе a history of making the Art of Jewelry Making from shells whilе thоѕe whо lived іn аn arеа thаt hаd a great deal of naturally forming amber wоuld use thаt. Today, geography iѕ nо longer а prime determinant of whісh materials arе usеd whеrе.
Beads аre рrobablу the moѕt popular material usеd іn making the Art of Jewelry Making. Whеthеr thе beads аrе made frоm precious gemstones, expensive metals, оr pаrtiсularly attractive seeds, beads аre flexible аnd easy to uѕе. Colors, shapes, аnd textures саn аll bе created bу using a selection оf beads, аnd thе variety іѕ nеаrlу bеуond comprehension. Beads arе еvеn embroidered оnto articles of clothing, essentially creating wearable Art of jewelry making.
Why would I choose an art of jewelry making instead of the large box stores?
Wе аre long past the days whеrе sumptuary laws dictated whо сould wear what kind of Art of Jewelry Making. Thiѕ means that anyonе сan wear anуthіng their heart desires. Thе Art of Jewelry Making field hаs takеn full advantage of that freedom. Yоu cаn find еvеrything frоm cheap costume jewelry tо handcrafted artisan jewelry, right uр tо diamond encrusted platinum showpieces thаt arе onlу affordable by thе richest people іn the world.
It сan tаkе аn artist mаnу years to learn hоw to make thе moѕt оf theіr art of jewelry making medium, but thе beѕt, mоst unique pieces уou wіll ever find аrе those thаt arе custom made and not mass produced. It iѕ clear that jewelry wіll аlwayѕ be a part оf thе human experience, еvеn аѕ the trends change to accommodate changing tastes and norms.


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How Planting Trees Can Help Save Our Planet
According to the World Wildlife Fund, forests cover 31% of the Earth's land. Eighty percent of the land animals in the world live in forests, which means the majority of the world's terrestrial biodiversity exists in forests.
What's more, trees clean our air, filter our water, and contain the ingredients to 25% of the medicines used around the world. Forests also employ over 1.6 billion people worldwide. Recently, researchers have posted reports stating that forests have one more, critically important function. They play a vital role in mitigating climate change because they soak up the carbon dioxide that would otherwise be free in the atmosphere. Excess carbon dioxide gas emissions contribute to changing climate patterns.
Of course, forests everywhere are under threat of deforestation and forest degradation. Agriculture and livestock are the most substantial reasons our forests are disappearing, along with illegal logging. Each year, we lose 18.7 million acres of forests or over 10 billion trees. Tropical rainforests face a particular threat because they are home to much of the planet's biodiversity. The Amazon has lost approximately 17% over the past 50 years due to conversion for cattle ranching.
Reforesting could be the best way to mitigate climate change and protect our planet. Trees also restore entire ecosystems. They provide food and purify and preserve water sources, which makes trees crucial to sustainable development.
To support this idea, the 2018 International Panel on Climate Change reported that the best way to halt climate change is to plant trees. While cutting our emissions is part of the solution, we must make up for all the trees lost to deforestation. Globally, we need to plant over 1 billion hectares (2.5 billion acres) of trees to keep Earth from warming beyond 1.5ºC.
A Simple Solution to a Complex Problem
If it seems like a simple solution to solving the problem of climate change, that's because it is for the most part. While industry continues to create harmful emissions, planting trees may be one of the most effective and affordable ways to offset rising emissions.
We would need to plant billions of trees around the world to make a difference. Though, we could do that without encroaching on urban areas or land used for agriculture. Keep in mind that it's also essential to respect local as well as Indigenous people when designating land for reforestation.
As the trees grow, they would absorb and store the carbon dioxide emissions that are driving up temperatures on Earth. A worldwide planting effort would remove up to two-thirds of all emissions generated by human activity.
Forest Restoration is the Best Choice
Current studies from different researchers all point to the same solution; forest restoration will be the most effective way to curb the emissions that are driving climate change. Trees are the planet's best chance at reversing the current trend of rising greenhouse gas emissions that come from fossil fuel burning and deforestation. Enough trees could even bring emission levels to zero.
The timing is essential here because it would take 50-100 years for all the trees planted now to reach their full effect, which is removing 200bn tons of carbon from the air.
Planting trees is a solution that doesn't require political lobbying or advanced technology to accomplish. The trees take care of carbon dioxide naturally and more effectively than any technological solution. Trees are available now, and many environmental groups have already started planting campaigns. For those who want to help, the cost of saplings is $1 or less, and many people can grow and donate the trees themselves.
The Affordability of Tree Planting
Environmental agencies, some working with local governments and some without, are restoring forests for about 30 cents a tree (in US currency). Reforesting at the amount needed to halt climate equates to nearly 1 trillion trees or $300 billion.
That number is a bit ambitious in that it would require an efficient execution. Even at the $300 billion mark, it's still the cheapest solution over other proposals. While tree-planting could take place anywhere across the world, Australia, Canada, China, Russia, the US, and Brazil hold half the potential restoration sites.
Planting Trees Alongside Crops
Many of the projected acres for reforestation exclude agricultural land. However, some researchers believe that agroforestry, which is growing trees alongside certain crops, can be mutually beneficial. Such crops include coffee, berries, and cocoa.
The Bonn Challenge
One tree planting initiative that's well underway is the Bonn Challenge, which is backed by 48 nations. The goal is to restore 350m hectares of forest by 2030. Unfortunately, many of the countries involved have only committed to restoring less than half the area that they could to support new forests. One of those countries is Brazil, home to the Amazon rainforest, which could make a huge impact if it maximized its available land.
Ethiopia's Tree-Planting Campaign
In 2019, Ethiopia launched a tree-planting campaign as part of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed's Green Legacy Initiative, the goal of which is to revitalize Ethiopia's environment while mitigating and adapting to climate change. The tree-planting initiative's goal is to plant 4 billion trees in the coming years by encouraging citizens to plant 40 seedlings each.
In July of 2019, volunteers, aid workers, and government officials planted more than 353 million trees in Ethiopia in one day. The event was such a massive undertaking that it broke the world record for the number of trees planted by a single country in under 24 hours. India held the previous record, when, in 2016, citizens planted 50 million trees in a single day.
A Degraded Environment
Ethiopia's government embraced this initiative because the country's environment has been heavily degraded for decades. At the turn of the 20th century, trees occupied 35% of Ethiopia's landmass. Since the year 2000, tree coverage has dropped to an alarming 4%. Besides blatant deforestation, the soil erosion throughout the country is pervasive and has contributed to the declining number of trees. Once fertile soil is turning to desert, which is threatening flora and fauna throughout large areas of the country.
Impacts of Climate Change on Ethiopia
On top of deforestation and soil erosion, climate change is affecting Ethiopia, and the government is taking appropriate notice. The country has suffered extreme droughts that have devastated farming communities, which has, in turn, caused country-wide food shortages.
The United Nations believes that trees can help in several ways. They can help the soil recover, mitigate the effects of the droughts, clean the air, purify water, protect the immediate environment from storms, and provide sources of food.
Photo by NASA: Map of global tree loss/tree gain since the early 1980s
The Negative Impacts of Industry
Planting trees through volunteering campaigns like the Bonne Challenge and government-sponsored initiatives like Ethiopia's record-breaking tree planting are two ways of reforesting the planet. Another way is to prohibit industries such as livestock, agriculture, fossil fuel development, and mining from continuing to cut down forests.
Planting trees is the best way to reforest and, thus, combat climate change. However, the world would have to shift from the current, ongoing trends of deforestation by industry. It takes decades to replace a tree that only takes minutes to cut down.
As an example, Brazil, which is the primary home of the Amazon rainforest, has seen an increase in deforestation. As of 2019, it has risen by 80%. The resistance to conservation is so strong that Indigenous leaders who fought to protect the forests have been killed.
So, while the fight to conserve our forests has yet to be won, planting trees is one alternative that promises to restore some of these vital forest areas without meeting resistance from the agricultural and fossil fuel-related industries. It's not a complete solution, but it is a sustainable one that we can all support.
Reforestation Bracelet
At Bead the Change, we believe in the importance of saving our forests and the species that live within them. One of our primary goals at Bead the Change has always been to protect and rehabilitate the environment. The world's forests are crucial for a clean and healthy world. We know that supporting reforestation is one of the best ways to preserve the health of our planet.
One of our more popular bracelets for a cause is our Reforestation Bracelet. The proceeds from every sale support an organization called One Tree Planted (OTP). The bracelets are made using, transparent green glass beads. Like all of our recycled bracelets, the beads are made of recycled glass, and we use recycled plastic bottles to make the adjustable cord.
When you purchase one of our reforestation charity bracelets, One Tree Planted will provide and plant two tree saplings in a location where they are most needed.
One Tree Planted is a not-for-profit organization that enables people to plant trees around the world. OTP plants trees across the globe in North America, South America, Africa, and Asia. They also aid in reforestation in areas that are affected by floods and fires. In doing so, they build communities, create jobs, and protect habitats for biodiversity.
Charity Bracelets That Support Great Causes
Bead the Change is an organization that is dedicated to bringing awareness to different environmental and humanitarian causes. We do this by selling 100% recycled glass bead bracelets. Our bracelets are handmade in Ghana by local beadmakers and artisans. Bead the Change believes in fair trade and supporting the artisans of Ghana who make our bracelets.
What Is Sustainable And Ethical Fashion?
In short, ethical fashion works toward the social good of society. It takes into account the workers who make the clothing industry possible. This includes everyone from the farmers who grow the fabric to the garment workers who stitch the pieces together. These efforts go beyond the surface we see as consumers. Rather, social good is deeper than the public image. A brand must take care to ensure fair wages, maintain fair trade certifications, and provide healthy working conditions. The ethically responsible brand invests in its people as much as it does its product, if not more so.
Eco-Friendly, Non-Toxic Ways To Clean Your Jewelry At Home
Now, you never have to tuck your jewelry away because it needs a deep cleaning. You can keep your jewelry sparkling yourself using eco-friendly cleaning agents you probably already have around the house.
Here are a few cleaning options that don't involve harsh chemicals.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Phillips Library Manuscript Finding Aids Cheever and Howard Families Papers
Cheever and Howard Families Papers
CHEEVER AND HOWARD FAMILIES PAPERS, 1776-1896
Creator: Cheever and Howard families
Title: Cheever and Howard Families Papers
Quantity: .5 Linear feet (1 box)
Abstract: The Cheever and Howard Families Papers span three generations of the Cheever and Howard families of Salem, Massachusetts, and document the business and financial dealings of an affluent Salem family throughout the nineteenth century.
Collection Number: MSS 356
The Cheever and Howard Families Papers span three generations of the Cheever and Howard families of Salem, Massachusetts, and document the business and financial dealings of an affluent Salem family throughout the nineteenth century. The collection includes personal correspondence, deeds and other legal documents, tax bills, records of stock purchases and other investments including whaling voyages, and other receipts.
Folder 1 contains legal papers and accounts concerning the estate of the senior Benjamin Cheever. The earliest deeds document land purchased in Salem, Massachusetts, from his father Peter in 1776 and brother Nathaniel in 1777. Most of the papers are detailed accounts concerning the settlement of his estate following his death in 1832. Folder 2 contains four documents pertaining to the death of his wife, Mary, in 1842.
The following five folders contain papers belonging to each of Benjamin and Mary Cheever's five children or their spouses. In Folder 3 are receipts and legal papers of Mary Cheever, who remained single. These include insurance policies, receipts, and her last will, probated in 1856 following her death.
Folder 4 contains papers of John Howard Jr., who married Priscilla Cheever in 1812. These include correspondence, deeds and other legal papers, his discharge as Captain from the Militia of the Commonwealth, receipts, and stock purchases. Also present are receipts for whaling voyages from Salem from 1833 to 1843 on the ship James Maury, ship Samuel Wright, bark Reaper, ship Bengal, ship Lydia, bark Palestine, bark Richard, schooner Mac, ship Mount Wollaston, schooner Franklin, bark Derby, bark Eliza, bark Henry, schooner Three Sisters, or bark Statesman.
Sarah Cheever married Dana Lewis in 1813. Folder 5 contains receipts for the money she received from the estates of Benjamin Cheever and Mary Cheever between 1842 and 1878. Eliza Cheever married Dr. Malthus A. Ward in 1829, and they resided in Athens, Georgia. Folder 6 contains one letter to Eliza from her mother and also receipts for money she or her estate received from Benjamin or Mary Cheever's estates, and also from her sister Mary Cheever for board. Folder 7 contains receipts of Benjamin Cheever from 1856 to 1878. Since Mary Cheever's will written in 1850 states that her brother Benjamin predeceased her, these papers presumably belong to his son, Benjamin Cheever, of Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
The next four folders contain papers of three of John and Priscilla Howard's children. Folders 8 and 9 contain the papers of William Augustus Howard. William lived in Massachusetts, but most of these papers deal with his financial investments in California, where his brother Benjamin lived. In Folder 8 are two letters from Benjamin and later correspondence about the settlement of Benjamin's estate. Also present is a power of attorney granted by William to his brother Benjamin in 1866. In Folder 9 are stock certificates, real estate tax bills, and miscellaneous receipts spanning the years 1859 to 1874. William's investments included the Eureka Homestead Association, Taunton Copper Reducing and Smelting Company, Hope Gravel Mining Company, and Campo Seco Copper Mining Company.
Benjamin Cheever Howard's death in San Francisco, California, in 1870 is the subject of five letters in Folder 10. These were written to his brother, William, from Benjamin's widow, Ellen (Nellie), or from other friends. There are also miscellaneous papers including the power of attorney granted to William in 1868.
Folder 11 contains papers of Eliza (Howard) Reed and her husband, William Briggs Reed. These include personal letters to their son, Willie, on his first voyage abroad to London and Shanghai in 1862-1863. There are also receipts of Eliza's for household goods and furnishings, insurance premiums, and real estate taxes for the years 1890 to 1892.
In Folder 12 are miscellaneous receipts and papers, including a printed article about Colonel Israel Hutchinson (1727-1811) of Danvers, Massachusetts, who was the great-grandfather of William Briggs Reed. Also present is a copper printing plate engraved with "Mr. & Mrs. W. Briggs Reed, 19 Albany Street, Boston."
Folder 13 contains seven items, including the Boston Almanac for 1845, two pamphlets about the Salem Independent Cadets (1853) or the State Reform School (1853), two workbooks (1834, undated) and the empty covers of two other books (1820, undated).
Biographical Sketches
Benjamin Cheever was born in Salem, Massachusetts, in 1746/7, the son of Peter and Sarah (Moses) Cheever. He married Mary (Barr) Carde in 1784, and their children included Mary, Priscilla and Sarah (twins), Eliza, and Benjamin. He died in Salem in 1832.
Priscilla Cheever, daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Carde) Cheever, married John Howard Jr. in 1812. They resided in Salem, Massachusetts, and had eight children, John Charles, William Augustus, Mary Jane, Henry, Benjamin, Caroline, Eliza, and Ellen.
Eliza Howard, daughter of John and Priscilla (Cheever) Howard, was born in 1815. She married William Briggs Reed in 1845. They lived in East Boston and Southboro, Massachusetts, and had three children, William, Isabel, and Benjamin.
Cheever, Benjamin, 1747-1832
Cheever, Mary, 1751-1842
Howard, John, 1784-1856
Howard, William Augustus
Hutchinson, Israel, 1727 or 8-1811
Reed family
Reed, William B. (William Briggs), 1816-
Mining corporations--California
Whaling ships--Massachusetts--Salem
Cheever and Howard Families Papers, MSS 356, Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Mass.
This material was donated on August 27, 1976.
Collection processed by Lee Jacoby, September 2006.
Perley Derby, The Hutchinson Family. Salem: Essex Institute Press, 1870.
E. S. Waters, "Materials for a History of the Ropes Family", Essex Institute Historical Collections 7(1865): 150-167.
Note: In the Peabody Essex Museum collection is a sampler worked by Eliza Howard at age 9.
Call Number MSS 356
Title Cheever and Howard Families Papers
Creator Cheever and Howard families
Description The Cheever and Howard Families Papers span three generations of the Cheever and Howard families of Salem, Massachusetts, and document the business and financial dealings of an affluent Salem family throughout the nineteenth century.
Subject Salem (Mass.); Cheever, Benjamin, 1747-1832; Cheever, Mary, 1751-1842; Howard, John, 1784-1856; Howard, William Augustus; Hutchinson, Israel, 1727 or 8-1811; Reed, William B. (William Briggs), 1816-; Mining corporations--California; Whaling ships--Massachusetts--Salem
Provenance This material was donated on August 27, 1976.


Driving across the North American Heartland, surrounded by prairie, it is almost impossible to imagine that once this was once a huge inland sea. The Western Interior Seaway, which split the entire continent of North America in half, once teemed with predatory creatures - fanged fish and turtles the size of small cars; prowling sharks and giant squid; hungry plesiosaurs and immense crocodiles. At the top of this prehistoric food chain, stretching up to nearly 15 metres (50 feet) and weighing a hefty 50,000 kilograms (50 tonnes), ruled the mighty mosasaur, the T-Rex of the sea.
Through a cooperative partnership with the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre (CFDC), home to 'Bruce', the world's largest mosasaur skeleton, author Larry Verstraete and illustrator Julius Csotonyi combine fascinating facts, astonishing discoveries, and the latest paleontological information to bring the ancient marine creatures of the Seaway to vivid life.


Being involved in an automobile accident is one of the most alarming and formidable affairs an individual can experience. Each year, nearly three million people are injured in a car accident. Of those accidents, 31% of them were caused by a drunk driver, while around 18% of them are caused by distractions. Regardless of the source of an accident, drivers are now more likely to be involved in a car accident. These deplorable events are not only capable of causing devastating physical damage, but can also be a costly endeavor. When involved in an automobile accident, costs associated with medication, vehicle damage, towing, personal property damage, potential effects on insurance and loss of revenue should be taken into consideration. Furthermore, individuals involved in an automobile accident may also face various indirect costs such as vehicle rental, lost wages, missed meetings and more.
Consequently, those individuals who experience this unanticipated occurrence should staunchly seek legal assistance. Obtaining a personal injury or automobile accident lawyer can significantly benefit the injured party. Statistically, over 60% of plaintiffs who initiate a lawsuit following an automobile accident win their case.
An experienced personal injury attorney can help an injured party recuperate losses resulting from an automobile accident and often reduce the substantial amount of paperwork and hassle associated with automobile accident insurance claims. Perceiving when to acquire professional or legal assistance can often be the deciding factor between an equitably resolved case, and owing or even losing substantial amounts of capital.
Automobile accident lawyers and attorneys partake in a variety of complications deriving from personal bodily injuries, wrongful deaths, property damage, liability ascertainment and others. Individuals seeking legal assistance through an attorney should initially perform extensive research on the specific law-firm or practice, while scrutinizing other client testimonials and reviews. A simple google search reading "auto accident attorney Minot ND" for an example, will result in numerous locally-available locations and attorneys.
Although lawyer allocation requirements should be uniform regardless of the case, it is especially vital for those lawyers to meet specific qualities and characteristics when the situation pertains to an injured party's livelihood; both physically and mentally. Aside from an attorney's legal background, references and success-rate, there are other qualities any individual seeking to hire one should consider. The plaintiff should also fixate on the lawyer's experience, skill-level, location, commitment and fee structure. A sterling attorney will generally accept a case on a contingency basis. This typically indicates that the lawyer strongly believes that a particular case carries any merit. Consequently, it is vital to be knowledgeable of an attorney's customary fee structure.
The potential attorney should be well-versed and experienced in particular legal sectors pertaining to automobile accidents. They should be conversant in state and federal transportation laws, the process of dealing with healthcare and insurance companies and possess the ability to effectively construct and settle a case. Dealing with the law and legal issues can be a daunting task for an undereducated individual. Consequently, it is vital to obtain valuable and beneficial assistance when faced with litigation.


Weather Conditions in Meribel 23rd March 2019 On this page you will find a real human version of the Meribel snow report. We send our ski chalet staff up on the hill to check the conditions for you (Someone has to do it!). Keep checking back for the latest snow conditions in Meribel ski resort.
What's New in Meribel 2019?
Is Skiing During Pregnancy Safe?
Ski Boot Fitting: How are Your Boots Supposed to Fit?


Lisa Kelly turned on the radio to set the mood.
As Tom Petty's new song "U Get Me High" played through the room, she lay on the bed and got down to business.
Facedown on top of her client's back, she gently stroked his arm. Their legs and feet intertwined.
"You may have to come over once a month," she said.
The client was Dan Haris, an old friend of Kelly's who wanted to try out her new business.
The business is Indy Cuddles, and it's pretty much what it sounds like. For a small fee — $35 for half an hour, $60 for an hour — Kelly will come to your home and snuggle with you.
Armed with knowledge from an illustrated book of cuddling positions, basic website design skills and a passion for human touch, Kelly started the business this fall. Since then, she has received the accompanying comments from interested clients. As well as detractors.
She has been called names, told that what she does is just a step above prostitution. One person called her an embarrassment to her family.
But when Kelly talks about Indy Cuddles, she is quick to discredit her critics.
"It's not sexual at all," she said. "It's something for people who feel alone or stressed out or in pain for whatever reason, lonely."
Kelly is one of a growing number of entrepreneurs seizing what they see as an opportunity to cash in on cuddling.
Backed by science that confirms the health benefits of human touch, they have developed apps, written books and started in-home services. Turning a profit, however, will hinge on a steady stream of customers who are accepting of the practice.
Kelly hopes Indianapolis is full of those people. Her livelihood is riding on it.
The idea behind this budding industry is a straightforward one: There are always lonely people out there.
Scientific research has shown there are health benefits to be gained from physical contact with other humans.
Researchers from Emory University found in 1999 that gentle touching reduces the physical signs of stress and tension. Depauw University's Touch and Emotion Lab has found that touching skin helps people develop closer bonds, particularly in infants.
Even a brief hug or touch on the shoulder, for example, can reduce stress-causing cortisol in the body and release oxytocin, a hormone that promotes social bonding, associate professor Matthew Hertenstein of the Depauw lab wrote in a 2009 op-ed in Rhode Island's Providence Journal.
Despite the scientific backing, snuggling as a business enterprise requires acceptance.
Technology has helped people gain that, Kelly said. Much of her business has come through social media from people who share Indy Cuddles with their Facebook friends and Twitter followers.
"So much has changed with technology," Kelly said. "It seems like technology is helping to make these things more normal."
Indy Cuddles was inspired by Cuddle Up to Me, started in June in Portland, Ore., by Samantha Hess. Dozens of similar businesses have opened nationwide.
The business model relies largely on return customers, Hess said. She said her average client comes back once or twice per month.
Around the same time Indy Cuddles was being born, a team of developers was working on a smart phone app for people who wanted to find local cuddle buddies. Inspired by dating and hookup apps like Tinder and Grindr, they launched Cuddlr.
"What about when you're not looking for something that serious, or you want to take things slower, or maybe you just want a hug?" Cuddlr's U.K.-based founder Charlie Williams told the Star. "There's a need for that."
Since launching, Cuddlr has had more than 200,000 downloads, Williams said. It's also attracted its fair share of criticism from people who say the people they have been matched with were dangerous or that the app put them at risk.
Kelly said she takes steps to avoid those risks.
Every new client relationship starts the same way: a meeting in a public place, like a bar or cafe, somewhere both parties can feel safe.
That is where people first get to know Kelly, the professional cuddler.
The first meeting is when she decides if moving forward feels safe. Is the new client creepy? Does he expect anything other than a totally platonic cuddle session?
It's also when Kelly asks each client to sign a waiver, 14 rules that she says keep things comfortable and safe.
Among the rules: "Cleanliness and adequate hygiene is required by both parties" and "Both parties will remain fully clothed, and hands will remain outside of the clothing at all times."
If problems arise, Kelly said she might add to the contract. So far, she has taken lessons learned by other professional cuddlers as a starting point.
Kelly has no formal training other than Hess's book and about a month of experience. Her degrees, both from Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, are in English and religious studies.
Nevertheless, she said, the business has felt natural to her.
"I have always been a touchy-feely person, always," Kelly said. "I'm 40, and when my dad comes home for Christmas, I sit on his lap. That's just how my family is."
Most cuddle sessions start on the couch, she said. Kelly asks about how people feel, how their week has been.
"Part of my job is listening," she said. "I am forming some kind of relationship with these folks."
With a first-time client, she starts simple. She might lie face-down next to the client with one leg over his and her hand free to scratch his back.
As both people get comfortable, she brings out more interesting configurations. The positions have names like "Mama Bear, Papa Bear" and "Blooming Lotus."
Most of her clients are men in their 30s and 40s. Like her, most are unmarried. Many are divorced.
That is whom this service really appeals to, she said. It helps people who don't have someone they can snuggle up next to at home.
"Maybe before, people thought, 'I'm lonely, so what? I'll deal with it,'" she said. "Now they know they don't have to."
Dan Haris met Kelly when she was active in politics. During the 2008 presidential campaign she started Redheads for Ron Paul, an online community of carrot-topped libertarians. She ran for lieutenant governor on the Libertarian ticket that year, too.
In the years since, her passion for politics has turned to apathy.
Her grandmother, who Kelly had been taking care of, died in 2009. She worked in nonprofits, most recently at Bosma Enterprises until about 10 months ago. This year, she had a bad breakup that ended a five-year relationship.
Finally, Kelly felt it was time to do something new.
"It just became essential for me to pick myself up, pick a direction, find passion for something," she said. "I've been looking and looking and looking. It hasn't been anything until it became this business."
The goal is for the cuddling business to grow. She already has hired another cuddler as a contractor: a man who she hopes can attract female clients.
Gaining momentum can be tough. As with any new business, steep obstacles need to be overcome. Hess said she has seen plenty of cuddlers fail.
Lying on top of Haris in her go-to position, called "The Cloak," Kelly's focus is on the routine she is developing as a cuddler who is still new to the trade. She rubs Haris' back and asks about his family, his mother's health, the drive from Ohio.
"It's hard to be this close to someone and be passive," he said. "I feel right at home."
Call Star reporter Michael Auslen at (317) 444-6077. Follow him on Twitter: @MichaelAuslen.
Contact Lisa Kelly or her other cuddlers and set up a session at indycuddles.com.


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text:
Q: Jquery DataTables plugin - hide columns name row I'm developing a web app, which present few (~5) different data tables in different views.
I tried hiding the top row with the columns name, for just one of the data tables (but keep the other with this row), but with no success.
Most of the solutions I found are using CSS, which caused this row to disappear from all data tables in my app.
Does anybody know a good solution for that?
Here is an example of how I'm creating a data table in my app:
this._currentDiv = $('

');
this._stopsTable = $('

');
$(this._currentDiv).append(this._stopsTable);
$(this._currentDiv).append(self._stopsTable);
        $(this._currentDiv).append(data);
        $(this._stopsTable).dataTable({
            "bJQueryUI": true,
            "bPaginate":false,
            "bLengthChange":false,
            "bFilter":false,
            "bSort":false,
            "bInfo":false,
            "bAutoWidth":false,
            "sScrollY": "100px",
            "aoColumns":[
                { "sTitle":"a" },
                { "sTitle":"b" },
                { "sTitle":"c" }
            ]
        });

and here is the css code I tried:
.dataTables_wrapper table thead {
    display:none;
}

I prefer a JavaScript solution if available.

A: If you want a javascript solution, you can use the fnInitComplete parameter of datatable.
$(this._stopsTable).dataTable({
    "bJQueryUI": true,
    "bPaginate":false,
    "bLengthChange":false,
    "bFilter":false,
    "bSort":false,
    "bInfo":false,
    "bAutoWidth":false,
    "sScrollY": "100px",
    "aoColumns":[
        { "sTitle":"a"
           "sTitle":"b"
           "sTitle":"c" }
    ],
    "fnInitComplete" : function(oSettings, json) {
        // Find the wrapper and hide all thead
        $(this._stopsTable).parents('.dataTables_wrapper').first().find('thead').hide();
    }
});

When jQuery datatable use a scroll, the html structure is very different. jQuery datatables use a "second table" to handle the thead. So you can scroll and look at the thread anytime.
So if you want to remove the good thead, you need to retrieve the dataTable wrapper.
Of course, if you do that way for all tables, it will hide all thead of all your tables. So you must use something to know if you must hide the first row for the current table (a css class or an attribute on the table).
Here a jsfiddle as example : http://jsfiddle.net/LqSwt/5/

A: You should use css.  The table that you want to hide the column titles you need to give a separate class.  FYI - html elements can be assigned multiple classes, mostly for reasons like this.
so in your html when you declare the table, do it like this:

then in css you can use:
.noHeader thead { display:none;}

A: If scrolling is enabled (sScrollX / sScrollY is set in dataTables init options), dataTables will change the table structure like below:
div.dataTables_scroll
   div.dataTables_scrollHead
   div.dataTables_scrollBody
   [div.dataTables_scrollFoot]

And the thead is cloned to div.dataTables_scrollHead > table, the original thead in scrollBody is hidden, in order to get a fixed thead when scrolling vertically.
Thus, in your case, you have to hide the cloned thead in div.dataTables_scrollHead, you may do this in fnInitComplete callback as below:
"fnInitComplete": function(oSettings) {
    $('.dataTables_scrollHead thead').hide();
}

See the jsfiddle, hope this will solve your problem.

A: What I think DataTables does is create two divs with separate tables in them.  It creates a "header" div with a nested table then the same for the body.
Try running this code after the table is complete, maybe even after the fnInitComplete handler suggested above.
$(.dataTables_scrollHeadInner).find("tr").hide(); //The class name may differ for you.  Use firebug to find class name of that div that contains your header.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Wheatland Township is located in Will County Illinois which encompasses portions of Naperville, Aurora, Plainfield, and Bolingbrook. As of the 2010 census it has a population of 81,472 which has grown from 1,098 since 1880. Wheatland was primarily a farming community spanning throughout the entire 19th and 20th century but has been reduced to approximately 80 acres of farmland since.
PLEASE BE ADVISED THAT THE OFFICE WILL BE CLOSED ON TUESDAY, APRIL 16, 2019 DUE TO UTILITY MAINTENANCE WITH THE CITY OF NAPERVILLE.
THE OFFICE WILL REOPEN ON WEDNESDAY, APRIL 17, 2019.
Wheatland Township is proud to present quarterly electronic newsletters.


text:
Kathrin Zettel (born 5 August 1986) is an Austrian retired World Cup alpine ski racer. She won many races and took a bronze medal in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi. In 2021 she was a partner in a company creating domestic size wind turbines in lower Austria.

Life
Zettel was born in 1986 in Scheibbs, Lower Austria, and from Göstling, she competed primarily in the technical events of Giant slalom and slalom.  Zettel made her World Cup debut in March 2004 and won her first World Cup race in November 2006.

In January 2010, Zettel won both technical events at Maribor, for her first victory in slalom. At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, she was the bronze medalist in slalom at Rosa Khutor, her first podium since October and just two days after her grandmother died.

After she retired in 2015 she went to live in Styria. She took a share in "Blue Power" a wind turbine company. The turbines are small (1.7 m diameter) and designed to be used by a home owner. Zettel handles the social media for the company.

World Cup results

Season standings

Race victories
9 wins – (7 GS, 2 SL)
50 podiums (21 GS, 24 SL, 5 SC)

World championships

Winter Olympics

References

External links

 Kathrin Zettel World Cup standings at the International Ski Federation

 Austrian Ski team – Kathrin Zettel –
 Atomic Skis – athletes – Kathrin Zettel

1986 births
Living people
People from Scheibbs District
Austrian female alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers of Austria
Olympic bronze medalists for Austria
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Sportspeople from Lower Austria
20th-century Austrian women
21st-century Austrian women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


People who work with us at UCLPartners are our strongest assets. For all our job opportunities we seek people wishing to develop their career in a fast moving and innovative environment where improving the lives of patients and populations is the common goal.
UCLPartners is inviting individuals from organisations within the UCLPartners region to apply for the role of the Clinical Lead to support implementation of an ED Safety Checklist across our region.
UCLPartners is inviting individuals from organisations within the UCLPartners region to apply for the role of the Clinical Lead to support implementation of the COPD hospital discharge bundle across our region.
We are seeking an experienced, organised and highly motivated Project Manager to support the management of the NIA programme. The role is offered as a fixed term contract of 9-12 months covering a maternity leave.


On the morning of the second day of the Lithuanian brewery tour 2015 we stopped by a small and little-known brewery called A. Grigonio. It's literally just a few hundred meters from Jovaru Alus. As far as I know, it's a farmhouse brewery in the same vein, but I never got to see it. Vidmantas said the owners were not at home, and so a tour wasn't possible.
We went into the little brewery outlet, where a shy local girl sold me a couple of 1-litre PET bottles of beer for about a euro each. (I'll pause here while you ponder the price/interest ratio for these extremely rare and unusual farmhouse ales.) While we're waiting for her to fill the bottles from the draft tap, Vidmantas points me to an empty beer glass. It has the brewery logo, and the name of the beer is "Nakvoselis." Vidmantas explains that this is another name for "trečiokas," that is, the third runnings. Small beer usually means the second running, but in Lithuania many also made a third running. So they've actually sold trečiokas within the last couple of decades!
We then drove some distance north, to visit E. Mozūro in Linkuva. Vidmantas struggled a bit to find it, since he hadn't been there in several years. Eventually, we stopped outside a nondescript home, perhaps slightly more affluent than the neighbours. A dog barked, but otherwise there was no sign of life. Vidmantas went out, but came back dejected. Nobody home. Very frustrating, as I've never managed to find a single one of their beers.
We stopped off for lunch at a small brewpub called Rozalimo alus, on the outskirts of Pakruojis. It's a lovely, small wooden cabin with the bar inside, and a beautiful garden outside. I ordered my food, a pint of the pale beer, and a takeaway bottle of the dark beer from the girl behind the bar. While she poured the beers I took a few steps back, then lifted my camera to snap the bar, causing her to literally run out of the frame and hide. Clearly she did not want to be in any photos.
We had our lunch outside in the sunshine. The pale beer was excellent, with very vivid dusty strawy flavours, backed by earthy nutty oily notes. Well balanced, harmonic, and unusual, but recognizably Lithuanian, and in some ways reminiscent of Jovaru. Definitely easy-drinking. I could picture myself staying the rest of the day in the sunny garden, happily drinking this beer.
I asked Vidmantas whether we could talk to the owners about a tour of the brewery. He just looked at me. "Even I have never been inside," he said with a tone of finality. And, indeed, if Vidmantas in twenty years of studying Lithuanian beer had never been inside, then there was no point in trying.
After lunch we drove east to Pasvalys, in search of a brewery named Raginelis. Vidmantas eventually located the correct address, a big walled-off private property with no sign of a brewery. We went into the shop literally across the street, and they confirmed it was the brewery. They had none of their beers, though. Vidmantas tried calling the brewery a couple more times, getting no reply. The gates were closed, so clearly they were away. Another disappointment, as I'd never tried their beers, either.
That afternoon I got back to Kaunas, and said goodbye to Vidmantas, who headed back to Vilnius. I wandered around the city for a few hours, before returning to my hotel room, lured by the call of those bottles I'd brought back from the trip. I started with a beer from Apynys, and was happily surprised by the quality, and very surprised by the unusual flavours. It's a shame you have to go to Kaunas to get these beers, because they deserve to be much more widely available.
Then I tried A. Grigonio's Algio, and had another surprise. It was a very good beer. Sweet, nutty earthy caramel, very complex, with chocolate, honey, and many other flavours coming and going. Even traces of wax. It felt like it should have been too sweet, but for me it wasn't.
Finally, I tried the dark beer from Rozalimo, and was shocked. The balance of soft piney resiny bitterness with sweetish caramelly rye flavours was just perfect. Low carbonation, smooth mouthfeel, and clear, vivid flavours. As my notes say: "Wow! This is incredible!" A single 1-liter bottle clearly wasn't enough, but by then it was too late.
That night I spent some time browsing the information I could find about the beer bars in Kaunas, trying to see which ones would be most likely to offer something interesting. One bar, named "Pivorius", on the edge of town seemed interesting. They clearly served farmhouse ale, and one photo showed a keg of Raginelis beer on the bar. I decided I had to pay them a visit.
The next afternoon I set out, walking the 5 kilometers from the old town in the scorching July sun. The location was not very promising, in between a small shopping center and some tall Soviet-era apartment buildings. The bar itself looked even less promising from the outside, being basically a small door at one end of a windowless concrete box. But there were people outside, relaxing with their beers in the shade, and inside the bar actually was quite nice in a low-key, homely sort of way.
The Raginelis keg was gone, though, as were their beers. The bartender was friendly, helpful, and English-speaking, so in the end I ordered something less exciting, and sat down. People came and went, ordering beers and chatting with the barman. Then in came a grandmother, carrying a grocery bag, and her grandchild, perhaps 8 years old. They ordered a beer for grandma, and a fruit juice for the little girl. Grandma chatted with the barman while he prepared their order, then they headed outside to sit in the sunshine.
Thirty minutes later the little girl comes back with the two empty glasses, puts them on the counter, flashes a smile at the barman, and skips back out into the sun.
Meanwhile, I was nursing my beer, staring out into space, thinking. So after five years of beer hunting in Lithuania there were still new surprises to be found? What else was out there, still to be discovered?
Raginelis is quite a frequent guest to the biggest craft fairs/festivals in Vilnius, Kaunas and Klaipeda, such as Kaziukas or Juros festivalis. Quite different from other farmhouse breweries present there, who have learned modern business practices and spread several tents in different places of the event, they always only have one massive-barrel-shaped, wooden stall. Last time I tried their beer was in Klaipeda Juros Festivalis (Sea Festival) and their beer was excellent.


text:
Q: Unable to make IPython to read shell variables I run the command in IPython
cd $cs<TAB>

but it does not allow me to expand the path.
How can you make IPython to read shell variables?

A: If i understand correctly what you mean by 'shell variables'. If you mean variables set in the shell ('environment variables'): you can read them with os.environ...
import os
cs = os.environ.get('cs')
runstring = "cd %s" (cs)
...


text:
Paroles "Au Revoir" - Cascada
Everything you say
Is so predictable, your words don't mean a thing
(Blah blah blah)
Why the masquerade?
You think you're funny, but you'll never entertain
(Ha ha ha)
I'll never be your appetizer melting on your tongue
Here's the simple truth, boy, you just don't turn me on
So! You think you're something special
And you claim to be the next best movie star
So superficial, I don't buy your show
Au-au-au-au-au revoir, au revoir
Always center stage
Not ashamed to say you're fishing for the fame
Boy, you're not a saint
Not irresistable in any kind of way
Let's keep it confidential
Boy, you want to show the world how cool you are
No, no potential
I don't buy your show
Boy, you're not breaking the ice
Babe, stop telling me lies
You're not one of a kind
You think you're something special
I don't buy your show - au revoir
Lyrics © Kobalt Music Publishing Ltd., BMG Rights Management
ALLAN ESHUIJS, YANN PEIFER, MANUEL REUTER


Situated in a quiet position, just 800 m from the center of Agios Nikolaos. It's right on the seafront. Located in a quiet position just 800 m from the centre of Agios Nikolaos, it is right on the seafront. The bus stop, which is at the hotel's entrance gives an easy access to many interesting parts of the island. The International airport of Heraklion is about 65 km away. Hotel facilities include restaurant, swimming pool, room service, laundry service, haidresser, TV room, pool bar, lounge, bar, private parking, money exchange, reception, gym, sauna, tennis court and beauty salon. All rooms are equipped with air conditioning/heating, direct-dial telephone, satellite TV, mini-bar, private bathroom, hairdryer and balcony.


text:
Europe > UK > England > Devon & Cornwall > Cornwall > Falmouth Hotels > St Michael's Hotel & Spa
St Michael's Hotel & Spa
Seafront Stracey Road, Falmouth, TR11 4NB
"We had an excellent stay. We had originally wanted to stay in The Royal Duchy where we had stayed for a number of years beforehand, but they..."
Judith D
"It was disappointing to be told that there was no room in the dining room and that I had to be satisfied with the bar menu in a side room; t..."
Tony Cottrell
"our bedroom was a standard room which was quite small and we could hear what was going on in next door bedroom?! For the price charged it is..."
"Great night at amazing hotel and used free voucher from late rooms to make it even better value for money. Will go again..."
"Lovely hotel. Great facilities but the room could have done with some more seating. There was a computer desk which I doubt people use much..."
Katherine Culverhouse
This property is 2 minutes walk from the beach. Opposite Gyllyngvase Beach, St Michael's Hotel & Spa is a 15-minute walk from Falmouth Harbour. The 4-star hotel features an award-winning restaurant and a luxury spa.
The stylish bedrooms have nautical decor, and each features a flat-screen TV and free Wi-Fi access. All rooms have tea/coffee facilities and quality toiletries, and some have wonderful sea views. The St Michael's Hotel spa features an indoor swimming pool and fitness suite. Guests can relax in the spa bath, sauna and steam room, or try indulgent treatments in the beauty salon. With a AA Rosette, Flying Fish Restaurant serves fresh, seasonal cuisine and locally caught seafood. The restaurant has views over Falmouth Bay, and there is also a terrace and lounge bar. Set in peaceful gardens, St Michaels's Hotel and Spa is a 2-minute walk from the South West Coastal Footpath. There is free on-site parking, and Falmouth Town Rail Station is a 10-minute walk away. This is our guests' favourite part of Falmouth, according to independent reviews.
Disabled Facilities, Tea/Coffee making facilities in each room, Hairdryer in each room, Iron And Board In Each Room, Telephone In Each Room
Wi-Fi Available, Wi-Fi Available In Public Areas
Gymnasium, Indoor Pool, Sauna, Steam Rooms, Massage, Beauty Salon/Manicure, Jacuzzi
St Michaels Falmouth
We had an excellent stay.
We had originally wanted to stay in The Royal Duchy where we had stayed for a number of years beforehand, but they...
It was disappointing to be told that there was no room in the dining room and that I had to be satisfied with the bar menu in a side room; t...


text:
REGISTRY_HOST	 ?= registry
REGISTRY_USER	 ?= username
REGISTRY_PASS	 ?= secret
PROJECT_REGISTRY ?= $(REGISTRY_HOST)/$(REGISTRY_USER)

APP_NAME  ?= app

BUILDER_SERVICE_SUFFIX 	?=
WORKER_SERVICE_SUFFIX 	?=
WEB_SERVICE_SUFFIX 		?=

IMAGE_NAME 		?= $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME)-$(APP_NAME)$(BUILDER_SERVICE_SUFFIX)
IMAGE_VERSION 	?= latest

COMPOSE_FILE		?= docker-compose.yml
DOCKER_HOST_IP 		?= $(shell echo $(DOCKER_HOST) | sed 's/tcp:\/\///' | sed 's/:[0-9.]*//')
DOMA_ENVIRONMENT 	?= ""

# Add this Makefile's targets to help
# -----------------------------------

HELP_FUN = \
		%help; \
		while(<>) { push @{$$help{$$2 // 'options'}}, [$$1, $$3] if /^([\w-]+)\s*:.*\#\#(?:@([\w-]+))?\s(.*)$$/ }; \
		print "\nusage: make [config] [target]\n\n"; \
	for (keys %help) { \
		print "$$_:\n"; \
		for (@{$$help{$$_}}) { \
			$$sep = "." x (25 - length $$_->[0]); \
			print "  $$_->[0]$$sep$$_->[1]\n"; \
		} \
		print "\n"; }

.PHONY: help
help:
	@$(MAKE) -f $(DOMA_DIR)/base/Makefile help
	#
	# Docker specific targets
	#
	@perl -e '$(HELP_FUN)' $(MAKEFILE_LIST)

# Actions targets
# ---------------

.PHONY: docker-open
docker-open:	##@docker open application web service
	#
	# Detecting web service port of '$(APP_NAME)'
	#
	docker-compose  -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) port $(APP_NAME)$(WEB_SERVICE_SUFFIX) 80 | sed 's/[0-9.]*://'
	open http://$(DOCKER_HOST_IP):`docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) port $(APP_NAME)$(WEB_SERVICE_SUFFIX) 80 | sed 's/[0-9.]*://'`

.PHONY: docker-bash
docker-bash:		##@docker app=<prefix> Run a bash in builder container of
	#
	# Running bash in $(app)src container
	#
	# Use `exit` to end the bash session
	# Heads up: Hit <enter> a few times if the bash is not coming up immediately.
	#
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) run --rm $(APP_NAME)$(WORKER_SERVICE_SUFFIX) /bin/bash

.PHONY: docker-build
docker-build:		##@docker Build images for all services
	# ------------------------------------------------------------
	#
	# Building all services in stack '$(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME)'
	# ($(COMPOSE_FILE))
	#
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) build
	docker images $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME)_*

.PHONY: docker-destroy  ##@deprecated
docker-destroy: confirm docker-kill docker-rm

.PHONY: docker-image-list
docker-image-list: docker-images

.PHONY: docker-images
docker-images:		##@docker Show images with project and registry name prefix
	# ------------------------------------------------------------
	#
	# Stack images stack '$(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME)'
	#
	@pwd
	docker images *$(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME)_*
	docker images $(PROJECT_REGISTRY)/$(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME)-*

.PHONY: docker-kill
docker-kill:		##@docker Kill all project services
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) kill

.PHONY: docker-login
docker-login:
	#
	# Logging in to registry host
	#
	# docker-cli login
	# DISABLED: docker login --username=$(REGISTRY_USER) --password=$(REGISTRY_PASS) --email=noreply@example.com $(REGISTRY_HOST)
	#
	# docker-compose login
	docker login --username="$(REGISTRY_USER)" --password="$(REGISTRY_PASS)" --email="noreply@example.com" https://$(REGISTRY_HOST)/v1/

.PHONY: docker-logs
docker-logs:
	#
	# Attaching to container log output
	#
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) logs $(SERVICE)

.PHONY: docker-ps
docker-ps:
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) ps

.PHONY: docker-pull
docker-pull:
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) pull

.PHONY: docker-push
docker-push: docker-login		##@docker Push project images to registry
	#
	# Pushing images to repository
	#
	docker push $(PROJECT_REGISTRY)/$(IMAGE_NAME):$(IMAGE_VERSION)

.PHONY: docker-rm
docker-rm:
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) rm --force $(SERVICE)

.PHONY: docker-run
docker-run:		##@docker /!\ EXPERIMENTAL /!\ Usage: make docker-run service=<service> cmd=<command> run a command off a project service
	#
	# Runs an service in the project (for debugging only)
	# Usage: make run service=<service> cmd=<command>
	#
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) run --rm $(SERVICE) $(CMD)

.PHONY: docker-start _start
docker-start: _start docker-ps		##@docker Start project stack and show processes
_start:
	#
	# Starting app '$(APP_NAME)'
	# Run `make up` only after docker-compose.yml or Dockerfile changes
	#
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) start $(APP_NAME)$(BUILDER_SERVICE_SUFFIX)

.PHONY: docker-stop
docker-stop:		##@docker Stop project stack
	#
	# Stopping stack
	#
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) stop

.PHONY: docker-tag
docker-tag:    	##@docker Tag images for registry, if build and tests have been passed
#
	#
	# Tagging images for production
	#
	###version := $(shell cat VERSION)
	docker tag -f \
		$(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME)_$(APP_NAME)$(BUILDER_SERVICE_SUFFIX) \
		$(PROJECT_REGISTRY)/$(IMAGE_NAME):$(IMAGE_VERSION)
	docker images $(PROJECT_REGISTRY)/$(IMAGE_NAME)

.PHONY: docker-up
docker-up:			##@docker Bring up all containers in stack
	#
	# Creating stack (detached mode)
	#
	docker-compose -p $(COMPOSE_PROJECT_NAME) -f $(COMPOSE_FILE) up -d $(OPTS)

.PHONY: docker-check
docker-check:
	# docker-compose requirement >= 1.2.0
	docker-compose --version

# Catch and propagate inherited targets
# -------------------------------------

.EXPORT_ALL_VARIABLES:

.DEFAULT:
	@$(MAKE) -C $(DOMA_DIR)/base $@

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Goon, hired by the prison drug lord to attack the prison governor, has been foiled – after getting cold feet
By Zuncey T.
A GOON hired by a prison drug lord to attack a prison governor at their home has been foiled – after getting cold feet.
The enforcer – a former inmate – came to the terrified woman's address at night with orders to "threaten and beat her".
But he lost his bottle when she opened the door and confessed he'd been sent to jail after a security raid that unsettled the dealers inside.
Police are now investigating after their exchange was recorded on their video doorbell.
She's a senior governor, but we're not naming her or the prison to protect her identity.
A source told The Sun on Sunday: "The belief is that this was prompted by a series of prison drug flights.
"Some inmates have made fortunes smuggling and selling drugs and the crackdown has hit them hard. A trader apparently decided that a message needed to be sent.
"It's disturbing how criminals can find a governor's address this way. It must have been awful for her.
"But the governor was surprisingly calm given the circumstances."
The incident happened in Dorset but no arrests were made.
However, an inmate believed to have ordered the attack was transferred to a maximum security prison.
His henchman was also questioned.
Last night, a prison service spokeswoman said: "Police are investigating and it would be inappropriate to comment further."
In another case in April last year, a prisoner had his sentence extended by four years after he threatened a warden.
Jamie Johnson, 32, found out the names of the governor's family and their address and said he would "wipe out" their home if he wasn't transferred from HMP Parc in Bridgend to an English prison.
He said he would "send the boys to their family home" and even claimed he made "treats" for their children.
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Did you know that the security guards at the freakin' Burlington Coat Factory, located at the corner of Fifth and Howard Streets, are armed with firearms? Well, apparently at least one is — or was, until his arrest Tuesday afternoon after he allegedly shot a man outside the establishment.
According to the San Francisco Police Department, the shooting went down at 2:37 p.m. Tuesday. ABC 7 reports that a security guard, who police say is a 42-year-old man, "confronted a man inside the store, who may have been shoplifting."
The confrontation between the guard and the 33-year-old man "spilled out onto the street," ABC 7 reports. That's when, an SFPD spokesperson who spoke to CBS 5 says, the guard fired on the man.
"The security guard here that's employed by Burlington Coat Factory stopped the subject for theft," SFPD Lieutenant William Escobar said.
NBC Bay Area reports that the shooting was captured by surveillance cameras in the area. The shooting victim was "shot three times in his lower extremities," CBS 5 reports. According to the SFPD, his injuries are not considered life-threatening.
According to the SFPD, the guard was placed under arrest. McMillian says he saw the guard, who has not been publicly identified, "handcuffed and put into the car" at the scene.
Coincidentally, on Monday afternoon the San Francisco city attorney's office "notched a major legal victory in a long-running legal dispute" with Correctional Education Co., a loss prevention company used by Burlington Coat Factory, the Chron reports.
According to the 2015 lawsuit, apprehended shoplifting suspects are escorted by a retailer's security personnel to "a secluded area in the back of the store," where they're shown a CEC video and offered the option of either admitting their guilt and enrolling in a six-hour "behavioral modification" course, or being sent to jail. The lawsuit alleged that 90 percent of approximately 20,000 people accused of shoplifting agreed to pay CEC and enroll in the course.
CEC contends that its programs reduce the burden on local law enforcement agencies and give offenders an opportunity to avoid criminal charges and possible jail time while learning how to make better life choices.
But San Francisco Superior Court Judge Harold Kahn said that whether the program is successful in reducing shoplifting is irrelevant to the allegations that CEC's business model amounts to extortion.
The company's strategy of threatening to call police unless suspects admit guilt and pay for a CEC course represents "textbook extortion under California law, and has been so declared for at least 125 years and repeatedly reaffirmed by the California Supreme Court and Court of Appeal decisions," Kahn said. Retailers partnering with CEC were "acting in concert" and that "both the retailer and CEC are engaging in extortion," he added.
As Herrera filed the suit on behalf of the entire state, Monday's ruling might mean that CEC, which is based in Utah, might not be able to continue to operate in California. "In his ruling," the Chron reports, "Kahn instructed the city attorney's office to confer with CEC's lawyers to come up with an outline for how the company might change its business practices to comply with California law."
Most shoplifters, I think you'll agree, would prefer to watch a video and be allegedly extorted by a private company than to get shot by a rent-a-cop on a SoMa sidewalk. Here's hoping that soon, neither option will be on the table.


text:
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Far before the terms Native American or Indian were considered, the tribes were spread all over the Americas. Before any white man set foot on this territory, it was settled by the forefathers of bands we now call Sioux, or Cherokee, or Iroquois.
For centuries, the American Indian grew its traditions and legacy without interference. And that history is captivating.
From Mayan and Incan ruins, from the mounds left in the central and southern regions of what's currently the U.S. we have learned much. It's a narrative of beautiful artwork and deep spirituality. Archaeologists have unearthed remarkably advanced structures and public works.
While there was unavoidable tribal conflict, that was nothing more than a slight blemish in the narrative of our forebears. They were at peace with this beautiful continent and deeply plugged into nature.
The European Settler Arrives
When European leaders dispatched the first vessels in our direction, the plan was to explore new resources – but the quality of weather and the bounty of everything from timber to wildlife soon changed their tune. As those leaders learned from their explorers, the drive to colonize spread like wildfire.
The English, French and Spanish rushed to slice up the "New World" by transporting over poorly prepared colonists as fast as possible. In the beginning, they skirmished with the surprised Indians of America's eastern seaboard. But that shortly gave way to trade, since the Europeans who came ashore here understood that their survival was doubtful with no native help.
Thus followed decades of comparative peace as the settlers got themselves established on American soil. But the pressure to push inland followed soon after. Kings and queens from thousands of miles away were anxious to locate additional resources, and some colonists came for independence and opportunity.
They required more space. And so began the process of forcing the American Indian out of the way.
It took the shape of cash arrangements, barter, and notoriously, treaties which were almost uniformly neglected once the Indians were moved from the land in question.
The U.S. government's policies towards Native Americans in the second half of the nineteenth century were motivated by the desire to expand westward into areas inhabited by these Native American tribes. By the 1850s nearly all Native American tribes, roughly 360,000 in number, lived to the west of the Mississippi River. These American Indians, some from the Northwestern and Southeastern territories, were confined to Indian Territory situated in present day Oklahoma, while the Kiowa and Comanche Native American tribes shared the land of the Southern Plains.
The Sioux, Crows and Blackfeet dominated the Northern Plains. These Native American groups experienced hardship as the constant flow of European immigrants into northeastern American cities delivered a stream of immigrants into the western lands already populated by these various groups of Indians.
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The early nineteenth century in the United States was marked by its steady expansion to the Mississippi River. However, due to the Gadsden purchase, that lead to U.S. control of the borderlands of southern New Mexico and Arizona along with the authority over Oregon country, Texas and California; America's expansion did not end there. Between 1830 and 1860 the U.S. practically doubled the amount of territory under its control.
These territorial gains coincided with the arrival of troves of European and Asian immigrants who wanted to join the surge of American settlers heading west. This, combined with the discovery of gold in 1849, presented alluring opportunities for those prepared make the extended quest westward. Therefore, with the military's protection and the U.S. government's assistance, many settlers set about establishing their homesteads in the Great Plains and other parts of the Native American tribe-inhabited West.
Native American Tribes
Native American Policy can be defined as the laws and operations established and adapted in the United States to outline the relationship between Native American tribes and the federal government. When the United States initially became an independent country, it implemented the European policies towards the native peoples, but over the course of two centuries the U.S. adapted its own widely varying policies regarding the evolving perspectives and requirements of Native American regulation.
In 1824, in order to administrate the U.S. government's Native American policies, Congress created a new bureau within the War Department referred to as Bureau of Indian Affairs, which worked closely with the U.S. Army to enforce their policies. At times the federal government recognized the Indians as self-governing, independent political communities with different cultural identities; however, at other times the government attempted to force the Native American tribes to give up their cultural identity, let go of their land and assimilate into the American culture.
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With the steady stream of settlers in to Indian controlled land, Eastern newspapers published sensationalized stories of savage native tribes carrying out widespread massacres of hundreds of white travelers. Although some settlers lost their lives to American Indian attacks, this was far from the norm; in fact, Native American tribes routinely helped settlers cross the Plains. Not only did the American Indians sell wild game and other necessities to travelers, but they served as guides and messengers between wagon trains as well. Despite the friendly natures of the American Indians, settlers still anticipated the risk of an attack.
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To soothe these worries, in 1851 the U.S. government placed a conference with several local Indian tribes and established the Treaty of Fort Laramie. Within this treaty, each Native American tribe accepted a bounded territory, allowed the government to construct roads and forts in this territory and agreed not to ever attack settlers; in return the federal government agreed to honor the boundaries of each tribe's territory and make gross annual payments to the Indians. The Native American tribes responded peacefully to the treaty; in fact the Cheyenne, Sioux, Crow, Arapaho, Assinibione, Mandan, Gros Ventre and Arikara tribes, who signed the treaty, even agreed to end the hostilities amidst their tribes in order to accept the conditions of the treaty.
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This peaceful agreement between the U.S. government and the Native American tribes didn't stand very long. After hearing reports of fertile terrain and tremendous mineral wealth in the West, the government soon broke their pledge established in the Treat of Fort Laramie by allowing thousands of non-Indians to flood into the region. With so many newcomers heading west, the federal government established a plan of restricting Native Americans to reservations, small swaths of acreage within a group's territory "" earmarked exclusively for Indian use, to be able to offer more property for the non-Indian settlers.
In a series of new treaties the U.S. government commanded Native Americans to abandon their land and migrate to reservations in exchange for protection from attacks by white settlers. In addition, the Indians were allocated a yearly stipend that would include money in addition to foodstuffs, animals, household goods and agricultural equipment. These reservations were created in an effort to clear the way for increased U.S. growth and administration in the West, as well as to keep the Native Americans separate from the whites in order to lower the potential for conflict.
History of the Plains Indians
These accords had many problems. Most of all many of the native peoples didn't completely grasp the document that they were finalizing or the conditions within it; furthermore, the treaties did not respect the cultural practices of the Native Americans. In addition to this, the government agencies responsible for administering these policies were plagued with poor management and corruption. In fact many treaty conditions were never accomplished.
The U.S. government rarely fulfilled their side of the deals even when the Native Americans went quietly to their reservations. Dishonest bureau agents repeatedly sold off the supplies that were intended for the Indians on reservations to non-Indians. Additionally, as settlers required more land in the West, the government continually cut the size of Indian reservations. By this time, most of the Native American peoples were unhappy with the treaties and angered by settlers' constant hunger for land.
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Angered by the government's dishonest and unfair policies, several Native American tribes, including bands of Cheyennes, Arapahos, Comanches and Sioux, fought back. As they fought to protect their lands and their tribes' survival, more than one thousand skirmishes and battles broke out in the West between 1861 and 1891. In an attempt to make Native Americans onto the reservations and to end the violence, the U.S. government responded to these conflicts with costly military operations. Obviously the U.S. government's Indian policies were in need an adjustment.
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Native American policy shifted radically following the Civil War. Reformers believed that the policy of forcing Native Americans into reservations was too strict even though industrialists, who were concerned about their property and resources, looked at assimilation, the cultural absorption of the American Indians into "white America" to be the singular permanent method of assuring Native American survival. In 1871 the government passed a pivotal law stating that the United States would no longer deal with Native American tribes as sovereign nations.
This legislation signaled a major shift in the government's working relationship with the native peoples – Congress now deemed the Native Americans, not as countries outside of its jurisdictional control, but as wards of the government. By making Native Americans wards of the U.S. government, Congress presumed that it was better to make the policy of assimilation a broadly recognized part of the cultural mainstream of America.
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Many U.S. government officials considered assimilation as the most practical remedy for what they deemed "the Indian problem," and the single long-term means of protecting U.S. interests in the West and the survival of the American Indians. In order to accomplish this, the government urged Native Americans to relocate out of their established dwellings, move into wooden buildings and turn into farmers.
The federal government enacted laws that pressed Native Americans to abandon their established appearance and way of life. Some laws outlawed common spiritual practices while others ordered Indian males to cut their long locks. Agents on more than two-thirds of American Indian reservations set up tribunals to enforce federal regulations that often banned traditional cultural and religious practices.
To speed up the assimilation process, the government set up Indian facilities that attempted to quickly and vigorously Americanize Indian youth. As per the director of the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, the schools were created to "kill the Indian and save the man." To be able to achieve this objective, the schools compelled pupils to speak only English, wear proper American attire and to switch their Indian names with more "American" ones. These new regulations helped bring Native Americans nearer to the conclusion of their original tribal identity and the beginning of their existence as citizens under the absolute control of the U.S. administration.
Native American Treaties with the United States
In 1887, Congress approved the General Allotment Act, the most significant part of the U.S. government's assimilation platform, which was designed to "civilize" American Indians by teaching them to become farmers. In order to achieve this, Congress planned to increase non-public ownership of Indian property by dividing reservations, which were collectively held, and allowing each family their own plot of land.
Additionally, by forcing the Native Americans onto limited plots, western developers and settlers could purchase the remaining territory. The General Allotment Act, better known as the Dawes Act, required that the Indian lands be surveyed and each family be provided with an allotment of between 80 and 160 acres, while unmarried adults were given between 40 to 80 acres; the residual acreage was to be sold. Congress was hoping that the Dawes Act would breakup Indian tribes and inspire individual enterprise, while cutting down the cost of Indian administration and providing prime property to be purchased by white settlers.
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The Dawes Act turned out to be disastrous for the American Indians; over the next generations they lived under regulations that outlawed their traditional lifestyle but did not offer the vital resources to support their businesses and families. Splitting the reservations into small parcels of land caused the significant reduction of Indian-owned land. Within thirty years, the people had lost more than two-thirds of the territory that they had controlled before the Dawes Act was passed in 1887; the majority of the remaining land was sold to white settlers.
Usually, Native Americans were duped out of their allotments or were forced to sell off their property in order pay bills and take care of their families. Consequently, the Indians were not "Americanized" and were often unable to become self-supporting farmers or ranchers, like the makers of the Act had desired. It also produced animosity among Indians toward the U.S. government, as the allotment practice often ruined land that was the spiritual and social centre of their activities.
Between 1850 and 1900, life for Native Americans changed radically. Due to U.S. administration policies, American Indians were forced from their homes because their native lands were parceled out. The Plains, which they had previously roamed without restriction, were now filling with white settlers.
The Upshot of the Indian Wars
Over these years the Indians ended up cheated out of their territory, food and way of living, as the "" government's Indian policies shoved them inside reservations and attempted to "Americanize" them. Many American Indian bands did not make it through relocation, cultural destruction and military loss; by 1890 the Native American population was decreased to less than 250,000 persons. Thanks to generations of discriminatory and ruthless policies instituted by the United States authorities between 1850 and 1900, life for the American Indians was altered permanently.
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