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Verses 1-18: The feature of the New Covenant emphasized here is Christ's once-for-all sacrifice. The author has frequently stated this point in the preceding chapters (compare 7:27; 9:12, 26, 28), but here it becomes the focal point of the discussion. First, this truth is highlighted by contrast with the repetitious service of the Mosaic system. Those sacrifices had to be offered "year by year continually". Later, the author demonstrates that Christ's single, one-time sacrifice is completed by His continuing position, seated at God's right hand (verses 11-14).
Despite the longevity of their reigns, very little is revealed about Israel's next two judges, "Tola" and "Jair", except that God raised them up to "defend Israel". However, their roles were important but very different. Tola delivered Israel while Abimelech destroyed it. Jair was blessed with 30 sons, while the succeeding "deliverer", Jephthah, had only one child and made a foolish vow that kept his line from continuing.
Judges 10:1 "And after Abimelech there arose to defend Israel Tola the son of Puah the son of Dodo, a man of Issachar, and he dwelt in Shamir in mount Ephraim."
His is merely a note of time. Abimelech is not counted among the judges, though it is not improbable that, evil as was the episode of his rebellions, he may have kept foreign enemies in check.
"To defend Israel": Rather, to deliver, as in the margin and elsewhere (Judges 2:16; 2:18; 3:9).
"There arose": The phrase implies a less direct call and a less immediate service than that used of other judges (Judges 2:18; 3:9).
"Tola": The name of a son of Issachar (Genesis 46:13). It means "worm" (perhaps the kermes -worm), and may, like Puah, be connected with the trade in purple dyes. He seems to have been the only judge furnished by this indolent tribe, unless Deborah is an exception. Josephus omits his name.
"Puah": Also a son of Issachar (1 Chron. 7:1).
"The son of Dodo": The LXX renders it "the son of his uncle," but there can be little doubt that Dodo is a proper name (as in 1 Chron. 11:12; 2 Sam. 23:9; 23:24). It is from the same root as David, "beloved." Since Tola was of Issachar, he could not be nephew of Abimelech a Manassite.
"He dwelt in Shamir": The name has nothing to do with Samaria, as the LXX seems to suppose. It may be Sanûr, eight miles north of Samaria.
"In mount Ephraim": As judge, he would have to fix his residence in a town more central than any in his own tribe. There was another Shamir in Judah (Joshua 15:48).
Very little is known of Tola and his ancestors, except what we read right here. We know there was a need for a leader who would stand against the enemies of Israel, and he seemed to do that. We are not familiar with Puah or Dodo either. We are familiar with the tribe of Issachar. Really, the only thing we know about this Shamir, is that it is in mount Ephraim.
Judges 10:2 "And he judged Israel twenty and three years, and died, and was buried in Shamir."
He did not take upon him to be king, as Abimelech did, but acted as a judge, in which office he continued twenty three years, and faithfully discharged it, and died in honor.
"And was buried in Shamir": The place where he executed his office. It is said, that in the first year of Tola, the son of Puah, Priam reigned in Troy.
There is very little known about the judgeship of Tola, except that it lasted 23 years. We read of no wars during this time, so we know the LORD was with them. Tola lived and died in Shamir.
Verses 3-5: Most likely, the judgeship of Jair was the time period of Ruth.
Judges 10:3 "And after him arose Jair, a Gileadite, and judged Israel twenty and two years."
Who was of the half tribe of Manasseh, on the other side Jordan, which inhabited the land of Gilead, and who is the first of the judges that was on that side Jordan. It pleased God, before the government was settled in a particular tribe, to remove it from one to another, and to honor them all. And to show that though the two tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh, were separated from their brethren by the river Jordan, they were not neglected by the Lord. And generally speaking judges were raised up in all those parts which were most oppressed, and liable to be oppressed by their enemies, as Gilead by the Ammonites. Wherefore this, and the next judge that followed him, Jephthah, were of Gilead.
"And judged Israel twenty two years": Protected them from their enemies, administered justice to them, and preserved them in the true religion.
Jair was believed to be of the half tribe of Manasseh on the eastern side of the Jordan, because that is where Gilead is. He was the son of Segub.
1 Chronicles 2:22 "And Segub begat Jair, who had three and twenty cities in the land of Gilead."
His inheritance was from his mother's side. She was of Manasseh. His 22 year reign shows he was a brave powerful judge.
Judges 10:4 "And he had thirty sons that rode on thirty ass colts, and they had thirty cities, which are called Havoth-jair unto this day, which [are] in the land of Gilead."
Which to ride on in those times was reckoned honorable, and on which judges rode in their circuit (Judges 5:10). And such might be these sons of Jair, who were appointed under him to ride about, and do justice in the several parts of the country. As Samuel's sons were judges under him (1 Sam. 8:1).
"And they had thirty cities, which are called Havoth-jair unto this day, which are in the land of Gilead": Or the villages of Jair. There were some of this name that belonged to Jair, a son of Manasseh, in the times of Moses (Num. 32:41). And these may be the same, at least some of them. For they were but twenty three he had, whereas these were thirty (1 Chron. 2:22). And these coming by inheritance to this Jair, a descendant of the former, and he being of the same name, and these cities perhaps repaired and enlarged by him. The name of them was continued and established, for it is not reasonable to suppose, as some have done, that this is the same Jair that lived in the times of Moses. Who, if so, must have lived more than three hundred years, an age men did not live to in those times.
It seems from this that each of his sons had a city. It seems each of these cities was called Havoth-jair. "Havoth-jair" means villages of Jair. Perhaps Jair had them to ride these ass colts to keep them humble.
Judges 10:5 "And Jair died, and was buried in Camon."
A city of Gilead, as Josephus calls it. Jerom, under this word Camon, makes mention of a village in his times, called Cimana. In the large plain six miles from Legion to the north, as you go to Ptolemais. But, as Reland observes, this seems not to be the same place, but rather this is the Camon Polybius speaks of among other cities of Perea, taken by Antiochus.
The only thing we really know about Camon, is that it was the city of Gilead where Jair was buried.
Judges 10:6 "And the children of Israel did evil again in the sight of the LORD, and served Baalim, and Ashtaroth, and the gods of Syria, and the gods of Zidon, and the gods of Moab, and the gods of the children of Ammon, and the gods of the Philistines, and forsook the LORD, and served not him."
After the death of the above judges they fell into idolatry again, as the following instances show.
"And served Baalim, and Ashtaroth": As they had before (see Judges 2:11; 2:13). And besides these:
"Also the gods of Syria": Their gods and goddesses, Belus and Saturn, Astarte and the Dea Syria, Lucian writes of.
"And the gods of Zidon": The goddess of the Zidonians was Ashtaroth (1 Kings 11:5), and it seems they had other deities.
"And the gods of Moab": The chief of which were Baal-peor and Chemosh (Num. 25:3).
"And the gods of the children of Ammon": As Milcom or Molech (1 Kings 11:5).
"And the gods of the Philistines": As Dagon the god of Ashdod, Beelzebub the god of Ekron, Marnas the god of Gaza, and Derceto the goddess of Ashkalon.
"And forsook the Lord, and served not him": Not even in conjunction with the above deities, as Jarchi and others observe. At other times, when they worshipped other gods, they pretended to worship the Lord also, they served the creature besides the Creator. But now they were so dreadfully sunk into idolatry, that they had wholly forsaken the Lord". And his worship at the tabernacle, and made no pretensions to it, but entirely neglected it.
The children of Israel are the most ungrateful, unfaithful people I have ever heard of. They were so intent on worshipping false gods it seemed not to matter who the false gods were, they worshipped them. Of course, the most infamous of the false gods and goddesses were Baal and Ashtaroth. This is spiritual adultery. God counted Israel His wife.
Judges 10:7 "And the anger of the LORD was hot against Israel, and he sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the children of Ammon."
His anger burned like fire, he was exceedingly incensed against them, nothing being more provoking to him than idolatry, as after mentioned.
"And he sold them into the hands of the Philistines, and into the hands of the children of Ammon": That is, delivered them into their hands, and they became subject and were in bondage to them, as such are that are sold for "slaves". Part of them that lay to the west of the land of Israel, fell into the hands of the Philistines. And another part, which lay to the east, were oppressed by the children of Ammon, particularly those that were on the other side Jordan came into the hands of the latter.
The only reason Israel had ever been blessed was because they were worshipping the LORD. When they went to false gods, God took his blessings off of them and empowered their enemies. Over and over, God used their enemies to chastise Israel. This time he empowers the Philistines and the Ammonites to punish Israel for Him.
Judges 10:8 "And that year they vexed and oppressed the children of Israel: eighteen years, all the children of Israel that [were] on the other side Jordan in the land of the Amorites, which [is] in Gilead."
The Philistines on one side, and the children of Ammon on the other. Meaning either that year in which Jair died, as Jarchi. Or the first year they began to bring them into bondage, as R. Isaiah: "and from that year". As Kimchi and Ben Melech, that they vexed and distressed them. They continued to vex and distress them;
"Eighteen years": Or, as Abarbinel interprets it, "with that year", they vexed and oppressed them eighteen years, that is, so many more, or reckoning that into the number of them. And these eighteen years of their oppression are not to be reckoned into the years of Jair's government, and as commencing from the fourth of it, as Bishop Usher, Lightfoot, and others. For it does not appear that there was any oppression in his days, but from the time of his death to the raising up of Jephthah a new judge. And the people oppressed by the children of Ammon during that time were;
"All the children of Israel that were on the other side Jordan, in the land of the Ammonites, which is in Gilead": Even the tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the half tribe of Manasseh.
The very year the children of Israel started the worship of false gods, they were vexed by the Philistines and the Ammonites. It appears this lasted 18 years in Gilead, on the east side of the Jordan River.
Judges 10:9 "Moreover the children of Ammon passed over Jordan to fight also against Judah, and against Benjamin, and against the house of Ephraim; so that Israel was sore distressed."
Moreover, the children of Ammon passed over Jordan. Not content with the oppression of the tribes on the other side Jordan, which had continued eighteen years, they came over Jordan into the land of Canaan to ravage that, and bring other of the tribes into subjection to them. Particularly the three next mentioned, which lay readiest for them, when they were come over Jordan.
"To fight also against Judah, and against Benjamin, and against the house of Ephraim": Who lay to the south and the southeast of the land of Canaan, and were the first the Ammonites had to fight with and subdue, when they had crossed Jordan to the east of it.
"So that Israel was sore distressed": By the Ammonites in the east, threatening those three tribes, mentioned. And the Philistines on the west, who gave disturbance to the tribes that lay nearest them, as Asher, Zebulun, Naphtali, Issachar, and Dan. And this distress was begun the same year in different parts, by different enemies.
They had such good success on the eastern side of Jordan that the Ammonites crossed over Jordan into the land of Judah, Benjamin, and Ephraim and vexed them.
Judges 10:10 "And the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, saying, We have sinned against thee, both because we have forsaken our God, and also served Baalim."
In this their distress, seeing nothing but ruin and destruction before their eyes, their land being invaded by such powerful enemies in different quarters. This opened their eyes to a sense of their sins, the cause of it, and brought them to a confession of them.
"Saying, we have sinned against thee, both because we have forsaken our God, and also served Baalim": Had been guilty not only of sins of omission, neglecting the pure of God, but also of sins of commission. Even gross idolatry, in serving Baalim, and other gods, before mentioned.
"We have sinned": Confession is followed by true repentance (verses 15-16).
You can easily see they knew exactly why they were having these problems. The Israelites all knew better than to worship these false gods, but they did it anyway. They were a rebellious house from the very beginning. Every time they got in serious trouble, they cried out to the LORD.
Judges 10:11 "And the LORD said unto the children of Israel, [Did] not [I deliver you] from the Egyptians, and from the Amorites, from the children of Ammon, and from the Philistines?"
By a prophet he sent unto them, as Kimchi and Abarbinel (see Judges 6:8). Or the uncreated one, the Son and Word of God, who might appear in a human form, and to whom all that is here said is applicable.
"Did not I deliver you from the Egyptians": By bringing them out of subjection and bondage to them, and by delivering them out of their hands at the Red sea?
"And from the Amorites": The kings of Sihon and Og, whose countries were taken from them, and put into their hands, when they attempted to stop them in their march to the land of Canaan.
"From the children of Ammon": When they joined with the Moabites against them (Judges 3:13).
"And from the Philistines?" In the times of Shamgar (Judges 3:31).
He indeed had delivered them over and over. He defeated Pharaoh with the ten plagues He brought on Egypt. He brought them out of Egypt with a mighty hand. He had already defeated The Amorites, the Ammonites, and the Philistines for them. All they had to do, was remain faithful to God. They did not, and God let these people rise up against them again.
Judges 10:12 "The Zidonians also, and the Amalekites, and the Maonites, did oppress you; and ye cried to me, and I delivered you out of their hand."
Who were left in the land to distress them, though there is no particular mention of them, and of the distress they gave them. And of their deliverance from it, which yet is not at all to be questioned.
"And the Amalekites": Both quickly after they came out of Egypt (Exodus 17:13). And when they were come into the land of Canaan, joining the Moabites and the Midianites against them (Judges 3:13).
"And the Maonites did oppress you": Meaning either the old inhabitants of Maon, a city in the mountains of Judah, near to which was a wilderness of this name, (Joshua 15:55). Or rather a people of Arabia, called by Strabo, and Diodorus Siculus, Minaeans, the same with Mehunim, mentioned with the Arabians (2 Chron. 26:7). And who perhaps came along with the Midianites, when they oppressed Israel. Though some have thought of the old inhabitants of Beth-meon and Baal-meon (Num. 32:38).
"And ye cried unto me, and I delivered you out of their hands": All those mercies and deliverances are mentioned to aggravate their sins. That notwithstanding the Lord hath so often and eminently appeared for them. Yet they deserted him and his worship, and fell into idolatry. Jarchi observes, that here are seven salvations or deliverances mentioned in opposition to the seven sorts of false gods or idols they had served (Judges 10:6).
This had been the story over and over. They were punished for their idolatry by countries attacking them. They would repent, cry out to God, and He would forgive them. When they were in right standing with God, they could not be defeated by their enemies. God fought for them.
Verses 13-14: Here is the form of God's wrath, by which He abandons persistent, willful sinners to the consequences of their sins. This aspect of divine judgement is referred to in the case of Samson (16:20), as well as the warnings of (Prov. 1:20-31 and Rom. 1:24-28). It is a pattern of rejections seen throughout history (compare Acts 14:15-16), even among the Jews (compare Hosea 4:17; Matt. 15:14).
Judges 10:13 "Yet ye have forsaken me, and served other gods: wherefore I will deliver you no more."
Since they had been so remarkably saved, time after time, and delivered from so many powerful enemies, which was dreadful ingratitude.
"Wherefore I will deliver you no more": Which is not to be understood absolutely, since after this he did deliver them, but conditionally. Unless they repented of their idolatries, and forsook them. This is said to bring them to a sense of their sin and danger.
The LORD is about to give up on them. He has forgiven them over and over, and they never seemed to learn. Every time they are free from trouble, they become unfaithful to Him. He has become very tired of their unfaithfulness.
Judges 10:14 "Go and cry unto the gods which ye have chosen; let them deliver you in the time of your tribulation."
For they were their choice, and not what they were obliged to serve through persecution. And by compulsion of others, and whom they needed not, having the Lord Jehovah to be their God. And they are bid not seriously, but in an ironical or sarcastic way, to call upon them for help in this their time of distress, in whose power it was not to relieve them.
"Let them deliver you in the time of your tribulation": If they can, whom you have served in your prosperity.
They are so set on worshipping these false gods that God tells them to turn to the ones they have put their faith in. If these false gods are who they worship, why are they coming to Him for help?
Judges 10:15 "And the children of Israel said unto the LORD, We have sinned: do thou unto us whatsoever seemeth good unto thee; deliver us only, we pray thee, this day."
"Do thou unto us whatsoever seemeth good": Genuine repentance acknowledges God's right to chasten, so His punishment is seen as just and He is thereby glorified. It also seeks the remediation that chastening brings, because genuine contrition pursues holiness.
They know they deserve to be punished. They are willing for God to chastise them. They just do not want it to be by these Philistines, Ammonites, and Amorites. They are begging God to save them this day.
Judges 10:16 "And they put away the strange gods from among them, and served the LORD: and his soul was grieved for the misery of Israel."
The author's report that the Lord "was grieved for the misery of Israel" sounds like a compassionate response. But the verb translated endure is used elsewhere in the Old Testament to describe impatience or abhorrence (Job 21:4; Zech. 11:8). Yahweh, who is rich in grace and forgiveness (Exodus 34:5-7), had tired of His people's insincere confession and exploitation of His goodness.
To show their loyalty to God, they put away these false gods. They began again to worship the LORD, and Him alone. As always, God feels sorry for their misery. He forgives them.
Judges 10:17 "Then the children of Ammon were gathered together, and encamped in Gilead. And the children of Israel assembled themselves together, and encamped in Mizpeh."
By a crier, as Jarchi. They had passed over Jordan (as in Judges 10:9), and had been distressing three of the tribes of Israel on that side. But now being informed, by a herald at arms that the children of Israel, on the other side Jordan, were risen up in defense of their country, rights, and liberties. The children of Ammon came back and crossed over Jordan again.
"And encamped in Gilead": In the land of Gilead, part of which belonged to the tribes of Reuben and Gad, and the other part to the half tribe of Manasseh.
"And the children of Israel assembled themselves together, and encamped at Mizpeh": Of which name there were several cities in the land of Israel, on both sides of Jordan. This must design a place on the other side Jordan, either in the tribe of Gad or Manasseh, for it seems there was of this name in each (see Gen. 31:49).
They did not attack them right now. They encamped where they could attack at any time. It appears that the children of Israel gathered in Mizpeh to make a stand, if necessary.
Judges 10:18 "And the people [and] princes of Gilead said one to another, What man [is he] that will begin to fight against the children of Ammon? he shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead."
Being thus assembled and encamped.
"What man is he that will begin to fight with the children of Ammon?" For though the forces were assembled together for battle, yet it seems they had no general to command them, and lead them on to it.
"He shall be head over all the inhabitants of Gilead": This they ordered to be proclaimed, to encourage some person to take the command of them, and go before them to battle. Promising him that he should be judge or governor over all the tribes on that side Jordan.
The men of Israel are asking for a strong judge, to come and be their leader. Someone who God will be with and will keep them safe from their enemies.
Judges Chapter 10 Questions
1. Who was the next judge, after Abimelech?
2. Who was his father?
3. What tribe was he from?
4. Where did he live?
5. How long did he judge Israel?
6. Where was he buried?
7. Who was the next judge, after Tola?
8. How many years did he judge Israel?
9. Jair was a ______________.
10. What tribe was he believed to be from?
11. Who was his father?
12. How many cities did he have in Gilead?
13. How many sons did Jair have?
14. What was peculiar about them?
15. What was the name of their cities?
16. What does the name of their cities mean?
17. After the death of Jair, what did the children of Israel do?
18. What were the names of the false gods?
19. What sin is the worship of false gods?
20. How did the LORD feel about this?
21. What did He do about it?
22. How many years did they oppress Israel?
23. Who did the children of Ammon fight on the other side of Jordan?
24. What did the children of Israel cry out to the LORD?
25. How did the LORD answer them?
26. What does the LORD threaten in verse 13?
27. Who does the LORD tell them to ask for help?
28. What does Israel say in verse 15?
29. When they put away their false gods, what effect did it have on the LORD?
30. Who do the princes and the people of Gilead ask for?
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Executives today are under a tremendous amount of pressure in today's global economy. This is due to the technology age and expansion of the easy access to information and knowledge due to the internet and new software expanding communication and expediting tasks more effectively. The drawback is that executives today feel overwhelmed with the amount of ease of technology coupled with twenty-four hour access with the internet technology.
Companies in general confront challenging situations in which they need to proactively respond to every environmental demand. The only thing we know is the organizational change is on the rise.
With the inception of new technology while products become obsolete so quickly today, executives are staid with managing the future that is somewhat evasive. Executives are, therefore, faced with challenging economic conditions today. Herein, leadership is the new competitive advantage and the organizations that embrace it will survive while those that do not will find their organizations facing possible acquisition. Thus, executives must understand that leadership can effectively lead organizational change to successfully implement the projects of knowledge management and, therefore, remain competitive.
Reading all the books on leadership today will cover the gamut of Shakespeare to Geronimo. Not to say that these authors, leaders, and thinkers do not have anything good to say about leadership. It is just that the plethora of leadership literature has sent mixed signals to corporate leaders.
Leaders play a critical role in developing interactions and relationships needed for creating social capital, social networks, and opportunities for employees to explore new ideas and knowledge. Scholars by the name of Eom, Kahai, and Yayla have found that leaders improve knowledge integration to enhance knowledge sharing. More scholars, such as Liu and Phillips and Lin and Hsiao found that leaders build a climate that inspires followers to share knowledge in a productive and prosperous manner. Thus, I suggest that leaders can positively affect knowledge management and this is how competitive advantage can become a distinctive resource that opens up opportunities while avoiding possible threats such as but not limited to take-overs and acquisitions.
Organizational culture includes three dimensions: collaboration, trust, and learning. Leaders facilitate collaboration to develop relationships in organizations. As Podsakoff, Mackenzie, Moorman and Fetter argue, a leader contributes to the cultural aspect of trust, through considering both employee's individual interests and company's essential needs. Also, leaders identify individual needs of their employees and develop a learning culture to generate new knowledge and share it with others. Leaders can, therefore, manipulate a firm's culture (collaboration, trust and learning) to conform to the needs and expectations of strategic goals and objectives.
Organizational structure can be also reshaped by leaders when they develop knowledge sharing and inspire employees to create new ideas for a better environment among business-units and departments. Jarvenpaa and Staples maintain that informal structure could facilitate new idea generation to build a more innovative climate within organizations.
Leaders are known to implement organizational changes that develop better collaboration among subordinates and managers. Centralized versus decentralized decision making is a topic that leaders must deal with. Scholars found that more emphasis on formalized and mechanistic structures can negatively impact the leader's ability to exert such changes.
On the contrary, a more decentralized and organic structure may enable leaders to improve departmental and managerial interactions. The mechanical or centralization at the commanding level of leadership impairs the opportunity to develop relationships among managers, business units, and departments. Thus, leaders are top management executives who enhance decentralized and organic structures to develop relationships and interactions within organizations.
Organizational strategy includes four dimensions: analysis, pro-activeness, defensiveness, and futurity. The first aspect, "analysis," focuses on identifying the best solutions for the organizational problem. Leaders apply this strategy to create more innovative solutions for organizational problems.
The second aspect "pro-activeness" emphasizes the effectiveness of long-term decisions. Leaders employ this kind of strategy to develop a vision of adopting more comprehensive information about the future.
The third aspect, "defensiveness" can also be applied by leaders by taking into account the objectives of strategic implication that seeks to decrease organizational costs and redundancies. While leaders focus on implementing changes, a defensive strategy can be used to modify the current processes to enhance organizational efficiencies.
The fourth aspect, "futurity" incorporates a pro-active strategy that identifies the opportunities that are available but not always addressed in the business, the global environment, and the political regulation changes. This kind of strategy can be also enhanced by leaders as they adopt a strategic posture that inspires employees to identify better opportunities in both the internal and external environment.
Organizational culture plays a critical role in exploiting organizational knowledge. Collaboration provides a shared understanding about the current issues and problems among employees, which helps to generate new ideas within organizations. Lines, Selart, Espedal, and Johansen establish that trust towards their leader's decisions is a necessary precursor to create new knowledge.
Moreover, the amount of time spent learning is positively related with the amount of knowledge gained, shared, and implemented. Therefore, leaders can reshape, and in some cases, manipulate organizational culture to create a more effective knowledge cycle within departmental and business units of organizations.
Organizational structure can be reshaped by leaders to be more effective when the command center of organizations can disseminate information in a decentralized and organic way as opposed to the mechanical and centralized command center. Decentralized structures shift the power of decision-making to the lower levels and subsequently inspire organizational members to create new ideas and even implement them while centralized structures may negatively impact interdepartmental communications and inhibit knowledge exchange. Ergo, leaders positively contribute to organizational knowledge management through building more decentralized and organic structures within organizations.
Organizational strategy can be employed by leaders to effectively manage organizational knowledge. For example, an analysis strategy could enhance the knowledge creation process through identifying new opportunities in order to provide better alternatives for managers to make a more effective decision.
Cohen and Sproull have indicated that the analysis strategy is highly associated with a company's capacity to create new knowledge. In many ways, a proactive strategy could enhance knowledge transfer by developing interactions with both departmental units and the business environment.
When adopting a more futurity type strategy, leaders can enhance the knowledge utilization process, thereby developing guidelines for future pathways and determine future trends in the external environment and allocate their resources accordingly. Leaders can, therefore, exploit organizational knowledge through embracing the four strategic aspects of analysis, pro-activeness, defensiveness, and futurity.
My conclusion is that leadership has a strong association with organizational culture, structure and strategy and these organizational factors have a strong association with the effectiveness of knowledge management. Thus, I feel that organizational culture, structure and strategy can play a mediating role in the relationship between leadership and knowledge management.
Executives can now see how leadership not only can directly support knowledge management, but it can also cultivate a strong culture, structure and strategy, which will enable knowledge management processes within organizations. This is my experience of working with a team of top-level management consultants in the consulting industry.
My experience says that a firm's ability to enhance knowledge management can be highly affected when executives adopt leadership as the primary form of managing people, resources, and profitability. This article, therefore, adds to a relatively small body of literature and develops our understanding of the direct impact of leadership on knowledge management as well as the indirect contribution of leadership in improving knowledge management through better use of culture, structure and strategy as the primary drivers of firm performance.
This study was designed to find if leaders indirectly influence knowledge management through affecting organizational factors. Further, this article highlighted the significant role of culture, structure and strategy in improving knowledge management and also confirmed the mediating effects of these organizational factors in the relationship between leadership and knowledge management.
In addition, executives can see that if organizational culture, structure and strategy are not completely in favor of supporting knowledge management, organizations cannot effectively implement knowledge management projects and may become obsolete, taken over, or acquired. The key here is that by channeling knowledge management efforts into organizational constructs, engaging in the practice of leadership, and employing a supportive culture, structure and strategy within organizations, that executives will continue to prosper.


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A messianic psalm of David—He rejoices in the Saints who are on the earth, in his own future redemption from hell, in the fact that God will not suffer His Holy One (the Messiah) to see corruption, and in the fulness of joy that is found in the Lord's presence.
1 Preserve me, O God: for in thee do I put my atrust.
4 Their sorrows shall be multiplied that hasten after another agod: their drink offerings of blood will I not offer, nor take up their names into my lips.
5 The Lord is the aportion of mine binheritance and of my cup: thou cmaintainest my lot.
7 I will bless the Lord, who hath given me counsel: my reins also instruct me in the night seasons.
8 I have set the aLord always before me: because he is at my bright hand, I shall not be moved.
9 Therefore my heart is glad, and my glory rejoiceth: my aflesh also shall rest in hope.
10 For thou wilt not aleave my bsoul in chell; neither wilt thou suffer thine dHoly One to see corruption.
11 Thou wilt shew me the path of life: in thy apresence is bfulness of cjoy; at thy right hand there are dpleasures for evermore.


On Sunday Nov. 11, Valparaiso University Greek life hosted the inaugural Dance Marathon. Student organizations from across campus registered their members to come and remain on their feet for the entire six-hour event, which raised $10,417.07 for Riley Children's Hospital.
The event included choreographed dances taught and led by Valpo's ballroom, cheer, and dance teams, as well as open dance where music was played for the participants to dance as they pleased. Each group of students represented a different child from Riley Children's Hospital.
Riley Children's Hospital has served Indiana's children for 87 years with more than 350,000 inpatients and outpatient visits each year. Riley treats more than 80 percent of Indiana's children diagnosed with cancer. At Riley, no child is turned away regardless of their ability to pay; therefore, they must rely on philanthropies, such as the Dance Marathon, in order to serve all the children they do.
In addition to staying on their feet for the entire six hours, participants had the opportunity to hear speakers touched by the Children's Miracle Network and Riley Children's Hospital.
"I don't think the participants in this year's Dance Marathon can even fathom the number of lives they have changed," said speaker and Valpo student Hayden O'Shaughnessy.
O'Shaughnessy was diagnosed with acute lympholastic leukemia at 23 months and was treated at Riley Children's Hospital. With the help of Riley, she was in remission 26 months later.
Dance Marathons are a nationwide event whose mission statement is simple: "We dance for those who can't." One hundred percent of the proceeds go to benefit Children's Miracle Network and local children's hospitals. Last year, college dance marathons alone raised more than $8 million. Valpo organized the event in order to hopefully make that number even higher this year.
The Dance Marathon Executive Board included Katie Dayman, Tori Brewton, Olivia Findley, James Lockridge, Brian Borth, Lindsey Dever, and Brittany Gaffney. They worked hard every day to bring the event to life. The Valparaiso University community came together, forming a sea of brightly colored shirts and balloons, to dance the afternoon away for all the children who are unable to do so.


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Tower Quest Review
Game provider Play'n GO
Play at Casumo
Tower Quest is perfect for fantasy games lovers!
Do you think you have what it takes to go back in the days, into mysterious lands where dreadful green skinned creatures, dragons and evil wizards were working round the clock to help Bad defeat Good? Are you ready to battle an evil wizard in a ferocious battle as you try to conquer the dark tower? Is it your destiny to become the Master of the Tower? Well, you surely won't find out until you try out Play N' Go's Tower Quest slot game.
Tower Quest is one in a million slot game as it combines different themes of casino games. It's a bit of Game of Thrones, a bit of Swordquest, a bit of Dragons and Dungeons, and there's also plenty of geeky fun to keep everyone filled with nostalgia and spells for some time. Have you ever had a chance of playing Mortal Kombat? Do you reminisce playing the big war games, where you'd use cards, and your main objective was to knock down your opponent's stamina levels down? This is what Tower Quest has been based on; making it a unique game in many ways!
Tower Quest slot machine game is a fantasy themed video slot game that takes place in a desolate land controlled by an evil wizard, who channels his power from the top of a tower. The game includes a haunting score which makes each wager and spin of the reel intense and exciting.The game has 20 fixed paylines to offer you, through which you can stake your real money or the free casino credits through the demo version. The action also takes place on 5 reels and 3 rows, with plenty of symbols which are used to depict the powerful set of characters on both sides of the vicious war between evil and good.
Playing the game is easy and fun, and you can choose to play for real money or fun using the free casino credits. On my first try, I used the free credits to play free Tower Quest slot game in a bid to familiarising myself with all the characters, symbols and different features available in the game. It's important to clarify that during the free game, you'll have access to all the features readily available in the real money game, except for the free credits.
Details for Tower Quest
Game Type Video Slots
Game Features Autoplay, Bonus Game, Free Spins, Muliplier, Scatter, Wild
Paylines 20
Min coins per line 1
Max coins per line 5
Min coin size 0.01
Max coin size 1
Return To Player 96.24%
Symbols and features of the Tower Quest slot game
Besides the high payout symbols, the game also features low payout symbols, which include the King, Queen, Jack and the Ace. Once you are past the past, it's high time that you looked into the future, which gives you a fabulous 25 paylines and 5 reels. It will be your responsibility to lead the hero, and his beautiful companion through these reels, full of dark and evil, and in the process pick up wilds, scatters, bonuses and the much-coveted jackpot if you can.
This exciting slot game is based on credits and the much sought after jackpot allows for 1,250 credits on each payline. However, getting the jackpot is a far rare thing as I noticed since it requires us to match a specific set of wild symbols and bonuses as well as a payline in the first place. Nevertheless, this shouldn't dissuade you from playing the game as it is fun filled, and even though the jackpot might be something rare, the magical dream and smaller payouts associated with Tower Quest are perfectly possible to achieve.
Wild & Scatter Symbols + Exciting Free Spins Bonus Round
The wild symbol in Tower Quest is represented by the Dark Tower which appears on the reels as a stacked three symbol high. It can appear randomly on the game's reels and replace all the other symbols to form winning combinations.
Unlike other online slots games, Tower Quest has 2 free spin scatter symbols; the red bottle of potion and the blue bottle of potion. If you successfully manage to get 5, 10 or 15 blue bottles of potion and win 1 free spin with:
Reels 1, 3, and 5 acting as wilds
5 of the highest paying symbols acting as wild
The middle reel acting as a wild. This will also double all your winnings resulting from this wild
symbols.
If you successfully manage to match 10, 20 and 30 red bottled, you'll win 5 free spins with:
2 of the highest paying symbols acting as wilds
A sticky wild symbol being added to the reels at the start of each spin
All the wins resulting from the wild being multiplied by a 3× multiplier
In addition to these two bonus round, Tower Quest also has the Dark Wizard bonus round which is activated by getting the Dark Wizard symbol scattered anywhere on the reels. This will further trigger the 'Click me' bonus round, where you and the wizard will be issued with a set of cards which will be based on the dice roll.
Immediately you roll the dice, cards from both sides will go into battle, after which the outcome of the ferocious battle will be presented in the screen. If you are lucky to win, your original wager will be subjected to a 500× multiplier.
Casumo Bonus Offer: 100% first deposit bonus up to £300 + 20FS T&C Apply Claim Bonus
Betting Options and How to Play
Betting on this slot game is straightforward and easy. As already mentioned it has 5 spinning reels. The coin denomination varies from 0.01 up to a maximum of 1. It also allows you to bet a minimum of 1 coin per spin and a maximum of 5 coins per spin. This means that the minimum bet is 20p per spin while the maximum bet is £100. In the event that you win, the top prize per line is set at 1,250, while the maximum prize that you win is set at 50,000.
You can easily adjust the number of paylines that you wish to activate by using the buttons located at the bottom page of the screen. However, if you are going for the jackpot, you can activate all the paylines by clicking on the Bet Max button. Once you are satisfied with your selection, you can now click on the 'Spin' to set the reels in motion.If you wish to play for a long time, using the set preferences, you can save yourself the trouble of having to always click on the spin button by using the Auto-spin feature.
This feature enables you to choose the number of times that you wish the Tower Quest slot machine to re-spin itself. What if you win? Will it still continue re-spinning? In the event that you successfully win a bet, the game will stop and prompt you to choose whether or not you should continue with the remaining spins.
Game payouts & Mobile version of Tower Quest
Real money and free tower quest slot game have an RTP percentage of 96.24%. This means that the house edge is close to 3.76%, making it a low volatility slot machine game. This means that every time you play it, your chances of winning are high as it pays out frequently. Tower Quest slot machine game is readily available on the mobile platform and players can easily play on the move using iPhone, iPad, Tablet, Samsung, HTC, Sony, LG, Blackberry and Windows Phone devices.
Whether you are playing through a mobile app or straight from the browser through the Flash option, you won't fail to notice the quality design and magnificent animations and graphics. In my opinion, there's very little difference when playing the game on the PC and the mobile devices. However, take note that the game dictates that you have a strong internet connection, otherwise it won't load, or it will keep lagging. Also, I highly recommend that you use high-end mobile devices as well as iPads and tablets as they handle the high definition graphics easily.
More exciting games!
Graphics & Sounds
Play N' Go did a remarkable job on this slot game. I've tried some of their slots games, but none can be compared to this. With marvellous bonus rounds, amazing graphics and different themes in one game, the game never gets boring. Very intriguing, captivating and rewarding are the words that I can use to sum Tower Quest… with Tower Quest slot game, you now stand a chance of winning up to 500× your wager! Visit any Play N' Go casino and show the evil wizard who's boss!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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How to Design Solar-Plus-Storage Systems that are Cost-Effective and Safe
When it comes to designing solar-plus-storage systems, small mistakes can be very costly, says Christopher LaForge, CEO of Great Northern Solar and an NABCEP-certified PV Installation Professional Emeritus.
He should know. The instructor of HeatSpring's "Designing PV Systems with Energy Storage" course, LaForge has been called in more than once to repair the damage wrought by a badly-designed system.
Proper Design Can Prevent Disaster
For example, he saved the day after a major mishap that occurred on a large-scale family lodge located on an island. The battery system had been designed improperly and not tested adequately, and its automatic charging system failed.
"The battery got overcharged to the point where the electrolyte boiled off and the battery plates warped," says LaForge.
Once battery plates warp, they can arc. This happens in an environment that creates a lot of oxygen and hydrogen, he explains.
Close by, a propane generator was hooked up to a huge propane tank. Luckily, the basement where the equipment was located was very leaky and provided enough airflow to prevent an explosion, he says.
"If this system had been in an efficient home, the whole house could have blown up," he says.
The bottom line, says LaForge: "Learn proper design. Get educated!" His "Designing PV Systems with Energy Storage" course is meant for installers, designers, engineers, and architects. In addition, it's for commercial PV-plus-storage users who want to be in the know about potential design flaws.
Create a Cost-Effective System
Along with learning about how to design a safe system, you need to learn how to create a cost-effective one. Given all the new battery technologies available, it's not so easy to sort out which ones to choose.
However, based on his 29 years in the industry, LaForge has strong opinions about which systems to select now—and which to consider in a few years. In his HeatSpring course, he teaches students about the strengths and weaknesses of the different technologies. He focuses on which technologies work best in different types of applications.
"Right now, it generally makes economic sense to use time-tested, lead-acid batteries. But lithium-ion batteries—employed in the Tesla Powerwall and other high-profile applications—are quickly catching up," says LaForge, who was named IREC's 2016 Master Trainer of the Year.
"Most people who look into this see lithium ion as the best choice. Economically, it's moving there quickly but isn't quite there," says LaForge. Here's why: "The amp-hour-per–dollar-per-year ratio is lower for lead-acid batteries."
LaForge says that to ensure lead-acid batteries last for many years and are the most economical, you need to care for them, which requires a gentle, yet nerdy touch.
"Some of my friends on the cutting age of using these technologies scratch their heads when I say lead acid is better for the short run," he says.
A shorted-lived deep cycle lead acid battery will last only about five to 8 years. "I have had them last 28 years because I know how to take care of them. It's a nerdy thing I'm good at," LaForge says.
Choose Lead-Acid Batteries Now and Lithium-Ion Batteries in Five Years
Right now, LaForge generally advises clients to purchase the less expensive, shorter-life, true deep cycle lead-acid batteries and switch them out with lithium-ion batteries in about five years. That's because lithium-ion batteries last longer and their price is expected to drop significantly in the next five years.
The price plunges are anticipated thanks in part to Elon Musk and his Tesla gigafactory, which has a planned production capacity of 35 GWh. "This is nearly as much as the entire world's current battery production combined," according to the Tesla website.
The factory's planned annual battery production is nearly as much as the entire world's total battery production. Manufacturing so many batteries will reap economies of scale, allowing Tesla to make products available to more people, Tesla says.
LaForge agrees.
"Now that lithium ion is seeing larger numbers of products in the market and huge increases in manufacturing because of the Tesla gigafactory, we will see prices come down," he says.
Whether lithium-ion batteries come from Tesla's gigafactory or other suppliers, there's more than one to choose from. In fact, buyers have about five different types to choose from, each with its own chemistry, advantages, and disadvantages.
The most competitive are lithium-iron-phosphate batteries, produced by SimpliPhi and other manufacturers. Also competitive are lithium-manganese cobalt batteries, says LaForge. Lithium-manganese cobalt boasts a longer life and higher discharge capacity, while lithium-iron-phosphate has more stable thermal characteristics, which means it's harder to start on fire.
Worries about battery fires are common in the industry, and it's important to understand that the battery's chemistry is not the only fire deterrent, says LaForge.
Pay Attention to the Battery Management System
What's also important is the battery management system, which is included in every lithium-ion pack and stops the batteries from overcharging or over discharging.
"You have to keep them from discharging and charging too much. That's how we keep the battery safe," says LaForge. "I've always been a promoter of small local companies until you start talking about batteries. Go with companies that have horsepower behind them—big companies," he advises. These companies will produce the safest batteries, he says.
While LaForge specializes in combining renewable energy with energy storage, sometimes a battery alone will reap substantial savings, he notes.
"Let's say you have a small- to middle-sized commercial site, and your peak energy demand is 35 percent of your bill. With batteries, you can cut that in half. It's revenue and cash flow."
For example, LaForge is working on a peak-shaving project at the Hartley Nature Center in Duluth, Minn. When he came on board, the center was experiencing 30-kW peaks. With funding from Minnesota Power for a battery system and working with several local professionals, LaForge and the team cut the peak to 15 kW with energy efficiency and a smart battery system.
"Our target was 20 kW, but the intelligence of the system and some hard-working team members allowed us to get the peaks down below 15 kW," he says. That project is still fairly new and data is still being collected.
In spite of the impressive savings potential of installing smart batteries without renewable energy, LaForge isn't in this business to simply shave peak demand. He's in it for the renewable energy and all its environmental benefits.
"We're confronting the biggest environmental problems in the history of the planet. Global warming is a fact. If we don't confront it quickly, generations to come will have much diminished lives. We need to actively reduce our carbon impact. Renewable energy and batteries can be a big asset to doing that," he says.
2018-01-09T02:39:51+00:00January 3rd, 2018|Categories: Solar Plus Storage|Tags: |
About the Author: Lisa Cohn
Lisa Cohn, a regular contributor at HeatSpring Magazine, has worked as a writer for more than 20 years, focusing on energy and environment. She is a former U.S. stringer for Windpower Monthly Magazine, a former associate editor of Oregon Business and a former editor of Forest Perspectives, a quarterly magazine published by the World Forestry Center. She began her writing career as an energy and environment reporter for The Cape Cod Times. Lisa has received numerous writing awards, from the Pacific Northwest Writers Association, Willamette Writers and Associated Oregon Industries.
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You are here: Home / News / State moves ahead with plans to try and make state healthy
State moves ahead with plans to try and make state healthy
The Director of the Iowa Department of Public Health says the state is moving ahead with its "Iowans Fit for Life" program designed to get the state into better physical shape. Department Director Mary Mincer Hansen said Thursday the program will use a "partnership" of all sorts of groups.
Hansen says, "From schools to scouts, businesses to local government, faith based to civic groups, policymakers to individuals, the Iowans Fit for Life partnership that we're having here today will be essential to turn the tide." Mincer Hansen says they're doing a "work plan" and blue print on what they need to do in Iowa to address "this very important issue."
Hansen says it's very evident that Iowa has a big problem. Mincer Hansen says the "obesity epidemic" has led to 60-percent of Iowa adults being overweight or obese and approximately 40-percent of kids are overweight or at risk of becoming overweight. Mincer Hansen says the obesity epidemic creates many problems. Mincer Hansen says being overweight leads to diabetes, joint problems and lack of self esteem in both kids and adults.
Mincer Hansen says part of the effort is already underway as the state legislature provided 60-thousand dollars for community grants. Mincer Hansen says six grants were awarded for various health-related pilot projects. The projects include parent-child cooking and nutrition classes with a chef, walking school bus so kids can walk to school in safety, re-instituting crossing guards so kids can walk to school, busing kids to a wellness center and providing the kids healthy treats.
Mincer Hansen says the pilot projects have shown how communities can make an impact on the health of kids. Mark Fenton is a champion walker and host of the P-B-S series "America's Walking." Fenton says there are many things in the works communities can do to help people get fit. Fenton says an example is planning a mix of housing and retail areas in developments so people can walk to shopping areas.
Fenton says many of the improvements don't cost a lot of money — but he says they do take some political will to push through the changes. Fenton says the changes often pay unexpected dividends. He says there's evidence to show the housing values are higher for communities that're well designed to be friendly for walking and biking. Fenton says good decisions in many cases aren't about the money, they're about the vision and guts to go out and do it.
Mincer Hansen says they'll take the plans developed during their talks and will look for funding from state, federal and private sources to move forward in making the state healthier.


I don't have a secretary or long distance number or hoops to jump through. I am here to do business in the realty world. If you would like to meet with me to manage your property and find a suitable tenant just let me know as well.


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Jana Kramer And Mike Caussin Chat With Rachel Uchitel About 'Love Addiction'
By Jamie Samhan. Published: 17 Jan 2021 3:52 PM
CPImages/Getty
Jana Kramer and husband Mike Caussin sat down for a candid talk about infidelity.
The two invited Rachel Uchitel, best known as Tiger Woods' mistress, on their podcast "Whine Down" to discuss not only Uchitel's affair but Caussin's cheating in the early days of their marriage.
RELATED: Jana Kramer Opens Up About 'Trust' With Husband Mike Caussin After Infidelity
The "One Tree Hill" alum said that with Caussin's mistresses, one was apologetic while another claimed, "it wasn't anything."
All Kramer wanted was for the second woman to "say you're sorry, show some empathy… I don't even remember hearing her say I'm sorry. I don't know if that haunted me and made things worse. Feeling her say I'm sorry would have helped me heal a little bit."
And having Uchitel on the podcast was no easy hurdle for Kramer. "I hate her. She's the face of someone I would hate," Kramer said.
The emotional podcast dove into "love addiction", which the hostess said Dr. Drew told her was from her want for unattainable love. She also explained that a lot of sex addicts date other sex addicts and how that leads to more issues.
RELATED: Jana Kramer Warns Parents After Having 'The Absolute Scariest Thing' Happen To Her And Her Daughter
"Hearing your story now, I get it… I think I just have so much hate for the other girls," Kramer said before apologizing to Uchitel for judging her before meeting her.
"That's why I did the documentary," Uchitel responded. Then added, "I'm not out to steal anyone's husband; I want my own husband."
Uchitel, mom of daughter Wyatt, 8, and Kramer and Caussin, parents to Jolie, 4, and Jace, 2, also discussed how to bring up their past with their kids when they are old enough.
"I'll definitely be talking to her about boys…I want to make sure that she's picking the right friends and right people.. I'm really protective of her. I want to make sure I'm teaching her the right skills," Uchitel said.
Celebs Jana Kramer Mike Caussin Rachel Uchitel Tiger Woods Whine Down
Jay Leno Suffers Multiple Broken Bones After Getting Strung Across A Parking Lot In Motorcycle Accident: 'I'm Ok'


"I dare you to try to skate this most vicious downhill course, bro!"
-Press up on the Control Pad together with the A button to jump.
-Press down on the Control Pad together with the A button to duck.
-Press left or right on the Control Pad together with the A button to turn faster.
-Press the A button after you've taken a spill to get back on your feet and return to the race.
This event can be relatively fun after you've mastered the controls. When you feel confident enough in your skills, plow straight down; the more speed you gain, the more points you accumulate at the end. Do most of your turns while holding down the A button.
The skull jump can be used for bonus points. And, if you duck, you'll be able to ride inside of the pipe that is located halfway down the slope for more points. You can also ride the store's side for extra points.


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Q: Prove $f: S^1 \to S^1 \times S^1$ where $f(\theta) = (2\theta, 3\theta)$ is a homeomorphism
Prove $f: S^1 \to S^1 \times S^1$ where $f(\theta) = (2\theta, 3\theta)$ is a homeomorphism onto its image.

We just need to prove continuity, one-to-one, and continuous inverse.
For one-to-one, I have to prove that if $(2\theta, 3\theta) = (2\Theta, 3\Theta)$, then $\theta = \Theta$. Given no other information, I don't know how to do this. I can't take the inverse of both sides, because one-to-one is exactly what I'm trying to prove.
For continuity and inverse continuity, I have to show that if a set is open in the image ($f(O) \subset S^1 \times S^1$), then the pre-image $O$ is open in $S^1$. And vice versa for inverse continuity. Firstly, I don't even know what open sets look like in $S^1 \times S^1$. I believe the open sets in $S^1$ are just the regular open sets in $\mathbb{R^2}$, but in the subspace topology of $S^1$. So if $(2\theta, 3\theta) \times (2\Theta, 3\Theta)$ is an open set, what can I do to show that $(\theta, \Theta)$ is an open set?

A: For the first part, if $(2\theta, 3\theta)=(2\Theta, 3\Theta)$, the $2\theta=2\Theta$ and $3\theta=3\Theta$.  Either of those imply that $\theta=\Theta$.
For the second part, imagine $S^1\times S^1$ as the unit square with the boundary appropriately identified.  Then the image of the map will be a set of diagonal lines across the inside of the square.  Pick a point on one of these lines in the interior of the square.  The inverse image of a small open circle around that point will be an open segment of the circle.  If the point is on the boundary of the square, then an open circle will look different, but have the same preimage.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Amumu and Singed Likely to Receive Buffs in League of Legends Patch 9.8
Noam Radcliffe 10 Apr 2019
Changes to Amumu, Camille, Fiora, Gnar, Jhin, Kayle, Morgana, Nautilus, Ornn, Sejuani, Singed, Trundle and Zed arrived on the Public Beta Environment on Wednesday in the latest League of Legends PBE update. Riot Games also made adjustments to Bramble Vest, Stormrazor, Thornmail and the Coup De Grace rune.
In addition to the balance changes, the League of Legends PBE update brought tweaks to the K/DA Evelynn Prestige Edition splash art and the new splash art for Conqueror Alistar. Check out both pieces of art, and the full list of changes, below.
Conqueror Alistar (via Riot Games)
K/DA Evelynn Prestige Edition (via Riot Games)
League of Legends Patch 9.8 PBE Update Patch Notes
Cursed Touch (Passive)
Bonus damage increased from 10% to 13%
Bandage Toss (Q)
Cooldown lowered from 16/14/12/10/8 seconds to 12/11/10/9/8
Amumu now follows his target up to 2,000 range from where Q was cast in the event his target moves before he arrives.
Base attack speed increased from 0.625 to 0.644
Twin Fang (E)
Mana cost decreased from 40/50/60/70//80 to 40/45/50/55/60
Riposte (W)
Crowd control duration increased from 1.5 to two
Damage increased from 90/130/170/210/250 to 110/150/190/230/270
Bladework (E)
Attack speed increased from 50% to 75%
Mana cost changed from 40/45/50/55/60 to 40 at all ranks
GNAR! (R)
Cooldown lowered from 120/100/80 seconds to 90/70/50
Captive Audience (E)
Duration increased from 120 seconds to 180
Recharge changed from 28/27/26/25/24 to 28/25/22/19/16
Curtain Call (R)
Damage multiplier based on missing health changed from 1-3.5 times to 1-4 times
Attack damage decreased from 52 to 50
Armor decreased from 28 to 26
Attack speed ratio decreased from 0.695 to 0.667
Divine Ascent (Passive)
Ranks are now based on Kayle's level rather than skill points
Dark Binding (Q)
AP ratio decreased from 90% to 75%
Black Shield (E)
Staggering Blow (Passive)
Duration changed from 0.5/0.75/1/1.25/1.5 (levels 1/6/11/16/18) to 0.75/1/1.25/1.5 (levels 1/6/11/16)
Dredge Line (Q)
Damage increased from 80/120/160/200/240 plus 75% AP to 100/145/190//235/280 plus 90% AP
Searing Charge (E)
Knockup increased from 1.25 to 1.5
Damage increased from 80/125/170/215/260 to 80/130/180/230/280
Winter's Wrath (W)
First activation's max health as damage increased from 1.5% to 2%
Second activation's max health as damage increased from 4.5% to 6%
Health regeneration per five seconds increased from eight to 9.5
Mega Adhesive (W)
Slow increased from 40% to 60%
Fling (E)
Mana cost decreased from 80/95/110/125/140 to 60/70/80/90/100
Chomp (Q)
Bonus damage increased from 20/35/50/65/80 to 20/40/60/80/100
Pillar of Ice (E)
Slow increased from 15/25/35/45/55% to 25/35/45/55/65%
Razor Shuriken (Q)
Damage decreased from 90/125/160/195/230 to 80/115/150/185/220
Living Shadow (W)
Cooldown increased from 10/18.5/17/15.5/14 to 22/20.5/19/17.5/16
Bramble Vest
Grievous Wounds duration increased from one second to three
Stormrazor
Energized effects amplification increased from 30% to 35%
Energized effects decay time changed from one second to 1.5
Thornmail
Grievous Wounds duration increased from one to three
Coup De Grace
Damage increased from 7% to 8%
No longer gives adaptive damage on champion takedowns
Photos courtesy of Riot Games


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