text:
Two Episodes Of Bluey Have Been Pulled By The ABC Due To Racist Phrase
Hey, true Bluey: the heart that drives Australia's top kid's TV show
The ABC has pulled two episodes of Bluey from its streaming service over concerns there is a racist phrase featured.
Australia's national broadcaster has confirmed that 'Teasing' and 'Flat Pack' have been removed because of the use of 'ooga booga'.
The term was introduced as a nickname given to Bandit by Bluey and Bingo, however there are worries that it could offend Aboriginal people.
The ABC said the term has 'racial connotations and a problematic history for Indigenous Australians' and have decided to temporarily dump the two episodes.
Two Bluey episodes pulled by ABC over 'inadvertent' racism | PerthNow
A statement from the broadcaster said: "The ABC sincerely apologised to the complainant for any distress caused by the term used in the episode titled 'Teasing'.
"The ABC has a strong record for giving voice to Indigenous Australians and an ongoing commitment to helping reduce discrimination and prejudice and in this case, the language used was inadvertent.
"The complainant was advised that neither the ABC nor the external producers were aware of the potentially derogatory meaning of the term, which was intended only as irreverent rhyming slang often made up by children.
"The episode was removed from iview as soon as ABC KIDS became aware of the complaint and the ABC undertook to change the dialogue prior to future broadcast or publication."
According to Macquarie Dictionary, the phrase 'ooga booga' is a 'stereotypical rendering of what the speaker regards to be the language of those deemed by them to be African savages'. So you can see why it can cause upset with some people.
Fan outrage as 'racist' Bluey episodes pulled from TV
After it was announced on social media that the episodes would be pulled, the reaction was mixed.
Some people were confused why the ABC would remove the phrase while others praise the broadcaster for educating them on what they should avoid saying.
One person said: "Learn something every day, banning this word in our house now! Well done to OP/ABC/Bluey team for standing up and doing something about casual racism and educating us."
Another added: "Oh dear god my children say it all the time thanks to show! I honestly believe, once you know, you do better!"
But fans of the two episodes need not worry about them being gone forever.
Producers have been working on rewording the script so that it becomes unproblematic. 'Flat Pack' has been re-uploaded to iView and 'Teasing' is expected to come back next month.
9 Movie and TV Series Sequels That Can Storm Our Screens and Steal Our Hearts
Top Native American Movies To Watch Before You Die.


Zhao, Qiang and Close, Frank E. (2006) Quarks, diquarks, and QCD mixing in the N* resonance spectrum Physical Review D, 74 (094014).
Published in Physical Review D, 74, 094014 (2006). © 2006 The American Physical Society.


text:
November 30 Amnesty Deadline for Charities to File Outstanding Documents with COJ!
Kingston (JIS): Charitable groups are being encouraged to take advantage of the special three-month amnesty now being offered by the Companies Office of Jamaica (COJ).
"We are asking charitable organisations to take advantage of this amnesty," said Minister of Industry, Investment and Commerce, Hon. Karl Samuda, at a press briefing held September 8 at the COJ's head office in New Kingston to launch the programme.
"It's just our expression of support, recognising the difficulties that these organisations have and giving them as much support as possible by enabling this period of time to experience a reduction in costs," he stated.
The amnesty, which will be offered for the period September 1 to November 30, applies to Companies Limited by Guarantee such as churches, charities, service clubs, non-profit organisations, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and professional associations.
It will allow these organisations to file outstanding documents with the COJ at reduced fees of between 50 and 75 per cent.
Minister Samuda lamented that too many companies are delinquent in filing their documents and that not enough respond to these amnesty periods despite the fact that the reductions provide a fair amount of cost savings.
He informed that as at April 2009, a total of 3,395 charitable organisations were registered with the COJ "and the delinquency rate (in filing annual returns) is in the vicinity of 70-odd per cent, and what we are seeking to do, is to give this amnesty in the expectation that these organisations will take advantage of this particular facility that we are extending."
He pointed out that persons will enjoy savings of $2,500 if annual returns are filed during the stipulated period, as the current fee of $4,000 has been reduced to $1,500. The filing of income and expenditure statements, which is another important requirement, has been reduced from $2,000 to $1,000.
Additionally, the fee for Change of Directors will be $1,000 down from $2,000, so too the cost for the Change of Address. The charge for the Appointment of Secretary has also been reduced from $2,000 to $1,500; Statutory Declaration is $500, down from $2,000; while Late Submissions, which usually attracts a fee of $1,000, will be free of cost for the amnesty period.
Amnesty transactions will be conducted Mondays to Thursdays between 8:30 a.m. and 12 noon at the COJ head office at 1 Grenada Way in New Kingston. A drop-off box is available for deposits outside of these hours. Special arrangements have been put in place such as a designated waiting area for customers with amnesty transactions.
The COJ, an executive agency of the Ministry of Industry, Investment and Commerce, has responsibility to maintain accurate and up-to-date records on commercial entities. It also registers local and overseas companies, industrial and provident societies and individuals carrying on business in Jamaica.
It actively encourages voluntary compliance of companies and businesses with the Companies Act of 2004, the Registration of Business Names Act of 1934 and the Industrial and Provident Societies Act of 1903.
For further details on the amnesty for charities, call the COJ at 908-4419-24 or email: amnesty2009@orcjamaica.com.
The Blog Enterprise! Promoting You, Promoting Your Business!
The Blog Enterprise (https://whytehallcommunications.wordpress.com) is an online publication that publishes the latest Jamaican small business and non-profit organisation news, information, profiles, and industry trends. It is published every Monday by multi-award-winning Caribbean journalist, copywriter and blogger, Delroy A. Whyte-Hall, Publisher/Editor-in-Chief.
You are invited to send your submissions (notices, news releases, profiles (send email for list of questions), or any other small business related information) to: enterpriseblog@aol.com.
← Can A Record-Breaking Athlete Teaches Small Business Owners His Secrets of Success?
Is Agriculture The Corner Stone of Jamaica's Lagging economy? →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: R set outliers in time series NA in series already containing NA I have a time series containing NAs and some sudden jumps like this:
input=c(1:5, NA, 6:7,0,9:12)

In which 7,0,9 would be considered a jump for which 0 should be replaced by NA.
I would like to remove the very first value in which a sudden jump (with set value of what qualifies as a jump, in the example a change > 1) occurs and set it NA
the output for the example should look like this:
output=c(1:5,NA,6:7,NA,9:12)

I only want to set outliers NA, I do not want to overwrite the remaining values.
The jump can be both negative and positive.
Problems I encountered:

*

*The value after an existing NA value being counted as a jump

*The "jump back" after the outlier being counted as jump

both of which resulted in more than necessary NAs, I try to keep as much original data as possible.
Any ideas? I have been stuck for a while. Thanks in advance!

A: There are three situations that are very similar but require different degrees of difficulties in terms of exceptions:
Situation 1
If the pattern always jumps back to 1-increase with a couple of interruptions, I would create vector_check which resembles the perfect vector. Everything in input that deviates from this should be set to NA:
vector_check <- min(input):max(input)
inds         <- vector_check != input
input[inds]  <- NA

Situation 2
If the pattern is less predictable and you basically wish to look for 'irregular' pattern, you'll get a more complicated situation. A possible solution would be to create a while-loop that checks which increments are larger than 2 (or whatever value seems sensible) and then replaces the problematic location bump_inds with an NA. Here I assume that an outlier creates two large increments: one because the value suddenly drops (increases) and one because it rises back up (drops back down) to its old value. This process proceeds until no problematic locations remain:
bump_ind <- rep(0, 3)

while(length(bump_ind) > 1){
  bump_ind        <- which( abs(diff(input)) > 2 )
  input[bump_ind[2]] <- NA
}

input
# [1]  1  2  3  4  5 NA  6  7 NA  9 10 11 12

Situation3
A third option, based on your real data sensor shows that the data does not have to jump back to a the previous level:
input    <- c(20.2,20.2,20.2,20.2,20.1,20.2,20.2,20.1,20.2, 20.2,20.2,20.2,17.7,
              18.9,19.3,19.4,19.4,19.4,19.5,19.5,19.5)
bump_ind <- rep(0, 3)

while(length(bump_ind) > 1){
  bump_ind        <- which( abs(diff(input)) > 2 )
  if(length(bump_ind) > 2){
    bump_ind <- bump_ind[1:2]
  }
  if( length(bump_ind) == 1 ){
      input[bump_ind[1] + 1] <- NA
  } else if( diff(bump_ind > 1) ){
      input[bump_ind[1] + 1] <- NA
  } else{
      input[bump_ind[2]] <- NA
  }
}

input
# [1] 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2   NA 18.9 19.3
# [16] 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.5 19.5

A: This may be a more robust solution since you could modify the linear model of your data below if necessary:
Your data:
 input <- c(1:5, NA, 6:7,0,9:12)

A sequence of numbers:
x <- seq_len(length(input))

Select some threshold value for the residual of a linear model:
threshhold = 2

Calculate the linear model of your data and the residuals and select the outliers:
select <- abs((predict(lm(input ~ x), newdata = data.frame(x = x)) -input)) >= threshhold

Replace the outliers with 'NA'
input[select] <- NA
input
 [1]  1  2  3  4  5 NA  6  7 NA  9 10 11 12

EDIT:
With your data:
input=c(20.2, 20.2, 20.2, 20.2,
        20.1, 20.2, 20.2, 20.1,
        20.2, 20.2, 20.2, 20.2,
        17.7, 18.9, 19.3, 19.4,
        19.4, 19.4, 19.5, 19.5,
        19.5)

x <- seq_len(length(input))
threshhold = 0.7
select <- abs((predict(lm(input ~ x), newdata = data.frame(x = x)) - input)) >= threshhold

inputnew <- input
inputnew[select] <- NA

input
 [1] 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 17.7 18.9 19.3
 [16] 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.5 19.5

inputnew
 [1] 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.1 20.2 20.2 20.2 20.2   NA 18.9 19.3
 [16] 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.5 19.5

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The premises are being offered to let for a period of years subject to rent reviews at three year intervals at a rent of £6,500 per annum on a full repairing and insuring basis.
Superb opportunity to purchase or lease a small Hot Food Carry Out premises.
The location will improve considerably on the completion of the substantial Helm Housing residential development which is at present being constructed in Regent Street, a few yards from the subject premises.
Check out the property I found on PropertyPal.com: 46A Regent Street, Newtownards BT23 4LP.


Carry our signature "CHOKER" Hardware with you at all times with our newest compact bag, perfect for all of your small things (phone, sunglasses, lipsticks, & more). Each bag is made from smooth California latigo leather and is unlined to feature the leather's natural texture. Features hidden magnetic snap closure and detachable polished chain shoulder strap.


Legend of Krystal Forums • View topic - Actionscript help for a noob?
Actionscript help for a noob?
One) I got somewhat far in my sound controls but I don't know how to add them on top of each other. My code currently looks like this and is attached to a button.
I pretty much want to get the highlighted part and make it happen again with a different sound when "snowLine1" finishes but I don't know how to add it in.
& Two) How do I tie the preloader to a hundred frame animation? I think I've seen this before but I can't find it in actionscript 2.0. this is my animation but I've no idea how it's done. Even if you could show me a tutorial that'd be great.
This is why I've been doing pretty much nothing as of late so if I could finally get past this hurdle I can get back to doing what I love doing and what you love(?) seeing.
And hey if you help me out here, if you want I could even share some tips with my own tutorial about drawing and/or animating like smoothness or shape tweens.
I animate and draw stuff! Check out my gallery if you wish.
Re: Actionscript help for a noob?
The first line sets it to the percentage loaded + 1 (there is no frame 0).
Third line will show the % number in a dynamic text box on the main stage called "loadtxt"
Frame 101+ should be the "Load Complete" part of the animation.
As for the sounds, if you tie the linked name to a variable, you can have them loop against one another.
Not related to your question at all, but I see an error in your code that's going to cause you fits.
A double == is a query, asking if the values are equal.
EDIT: Just occurred to me I'm assuming you are using AS2. What I said is probably true in AS3 as well, but honestly don't know.
dirtyc101 Wrote: Not related to your question at all, but I see an error in your code that's going to cause you fits.
Very strange. in java you normally have a equals operator to the right of any other operator when doing a query .
== is A and B equal?
!= Is A and Be not equal?
<= is A equal or less than B?
>= is A greater or equal to B?
For booleans you can just use the variable with or without !
AS2 is a very simple and user friendly language. Why I love it so much!
This is because a if statement checks to see if all the logical statements are true.
If all statements are true than the if statement is true.
Boring logic stuff that might help but i was rushed. I was going to put it in a spoiler anyways.
Not sure if the logic is totally clear and correct since as i said it was rushed.
This is because in logic we don't know what gets used first 'or', or the 'and'.
We don't know if we're saying (A and B) or C, or if it's A and (B or C). If you were to say A is a ice cream cone and B and C are flavors than the first logic wouldn't make sense.
This will not work because you might get chocolate true and no ice cream cone.
We're saying if you have a ice cream cone and either of the two ice cream has to be true.
Hat i don't mean to scare you but...... You should be scared!
Doing something like this in general is fairly easy.
//variable for the player name. This will be a string since strings are perfect for text... unless you have a password.
//this method setter gets a String and makes that string the player's name.
//when this method get called, the player's name is returned as a string.
Second this should be easy for starting people to do. Maybe you'd forgo the Getter and setter and just make the variable public, but it's still something basic that you should know how to do.
Third, if you're talking about help for a GUI component then you need to be a little bit more forth coming with information. The general theory is that you add a listener to one of the components, like an actionlistener to a button; then you program the listener to take information from a TextField and send it to the "SetPlayerName(String text);" method.
Again this is fairly basic stuff. this is the kinda thing you learn with second or third versions of Hello world.
BlueLight Wrote: Again this is fairly basic stuff. this is the kinda thing you learn with second or third versions of Hello world.
Okay, well the first application you should ever make is something called "Hello World" and it's stupid simple!
You should really pick up a book on AS2 or AS3. I'd go with AS3 since it's closer to normal 'C' Programming but that's up to you.
By the way about this tipic - do all work now or there are some more questions about loader and sounds ? May be i can help ?
Why is there a pause before movement in this clip? For example it seems the entire movie clip plays before her x-coordinate begins to change.
Terrantor!!! Wrote: I got a question.
You have to make movment on timer / enter frame or the same way.
Now as i understand you made it on button press ? I do not know why but flash work so - it checks first press then thinks some time and after that start to check is button press or not.
It is a bit more cumbersome, but that is the price for using AS3 event listeners. Once you have the basic structure set up, though, you can just add additional key codes and a matching boolean to the array and work from there. Hope that helps.
Thanks for trying, i went back to AS2, though, it just works better, that way.
Terrantor!!! Wrote: Thanks for trying, i went back to AS2, though, it just works better, that way.
How would I go about collision? I'm very into concise coding. I would like it to be as simple as possible. For example, I just wanna make an invisible hit box for krystal and put it on a enterFrame event. And when that hit box touches another, a code occurs. Is there a way or a better way to do that?


Whether you are buying or selling a business, bringing in a strategic partner, or transitioning to the next generation, negotiations involving private company transactions can be complex and multifaceted. Too often, business owners enter into these major changes without a clear plan and, as a result, miss the opportunity to achieve the best possible outcome for all parties.
On October 11th, join the M&A Advisory Teams of RBS and Smythe Advisory, along with a representative from Promerita Group, for a panel discussion focused on effective strategies to address contentious negotiating points, avoid common pitfalls, and bridge the gap between parties to successfully close a deal. This one-hour panel session will be followed by a wine and cheese networking reception.


text:
Jordi Gómez García-Penche, född 24 maj 1985, är en spansk fotbollsspelare (mittfältare) som spelar för Omonia.

Källor

Spanska fotbollsspelare
Katalanska fotbollsspelare
Spelare i FC Barcelona B
Fotbollsspelare i FC Barcelona
Fotbollsspelare i RCD Espanyol
Spelare i Swansea City AFC
Spelare i Wigan Athletic FC
Spelare i Sunderland AFC
Spelare i Blackburn Rovers FC
Spelare i Rayo Vallecano
Spelare i PFC Levski Sofia
Spelare i AC Omonia
Spelare i La Liga
Spelare i Segunda División
Spelare i Segunda División B
Spelare i Premier League
Spelare i English Football League
Spelare i Cyperns förstadivision i fotboll
Födda 1985
Levande personer
Män

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Participants are welcome to submit abstracts for ORAL or POSTER presentation in SKSM24 for consideration.
Abstracts should be prepared in accordance with SKSM24 abstract format using templates provided.
Full paper with proof of payment for the accepted ORAL or POSTER presentation must be sent by using the given ID. Click HERE for the symposium fee and method of payment.
Submitted (in English only) and presented full paper will be reviewed and considered to be published in AIP Conference Proceeding series published by American Institute of Physics which is indexed by SCOPUS.


text:
Acompli Stories February 4, 2015
Microsoft buys Sunrise Calendar in acquisition deal worth over $100 million
Mike Beasley
- Feb. 4th 2015 7:46 pm PT
@MikeBeas
AAPL Company Microsoft calendar Sunrise Acompli
Microsoft has acquired the Sunrise calendar application in a deal worth over $100 million, a report revealed today. The buyout may be the next step in the company's plans to revamp its mobile offerings, which started with the release of the new Outlook email app—also based on acquired software—last month.
Like Acompli, Sunrise works with a variety of services, not just Microsoft's. Those services include Google's calendar service, iCloud calendars, and, of course, Exchange. It also had built-in support for reminders that sync along with the calendars.
expand full story
Acompli Stories January 29, 2015
Microsoft launches revamped Outlook mail app based on Acompli for iOS [Video]
- Jan. 29th 2015 12:19 am PT
Apps & Updates Apps Microsoft email Outlook Acompli
Microsoft announced plans today to launch a new app for its Outlook email service on iOS. The app is based on the Acompli software that the company purchased in December for $200 million. The app includes "email triage" features found in the old app as well as new features to help appeal to a wider audience, such as the ability to toggle threaded conversation views.
The Outlook iOS app will also support mail from third-party services beyond Microsoft's. iCloud, Gmail, and Yahoo email accounts can be plugged into the app, and attachments can be added to messages from cloud services like Google Drive and Dropox. Check out the video below …
Acompli Stories December 1, 2014
Microsoft buys Acompli, an email app for iOS
Zac Hall - Dec. 1st 2014 11:08 am PT
Microsoft announced today that it acquired Acompli, an email client for Android and iOS, in an effort to own more productivity apps on each mobile platform:
This acquisition is part of our company-wide effort to help people accomplish more with their mobile devices. This year we brought Office to the iPad and the iPhone, and we recently announced that we're bringing Office to Android devices. These are significant steps in our work to deliver the best productivity experiences across mobile platforms, and we're continuing to push forward.
Acompli also wrote about the acquisition news while discussing support for various file services:
Soon after launch we started working with a number of enterprise IT departments who believed, like we do, that great products need to be "Loved by Users, and Trusted by IT." Right around this time we began conversations with the folks at Microsoft about how we could go farther by integrating the capabilities of their Office 365 platform into our product while continuing to provide amazing support for email and file services from Apple, Dropbox, Google, and Box. Those conversations led to today, where we have decided the opportunity to join forces in pursuit of a better, faster, more powerful email experience is something we can do better as one company.
The acquisition follows Microsoft's announcement last month that Office for iOS no longer requires an Office 365 subscription for editing files and the debut of dedicated Office for iPhone apps including Word, PowerPoint, and Excel. Microsoft also integrated Office support with Dropbox as part of a new partnership between the two companies.
According to Re/code, Microsoft spent more than $200 million to buy up the email app although neither company disclosed that amount.
[UPDATE: New Launch Date] NASA set to launch sounding rocket; Those on the East Coast may…
Boeing targets mid-summer launch for second Starliner uncrewed orbital flight test to ISS
Can you make it as a Blue Origin Astronaut?
Sierra Nevada receives approval for Dream Chaser to use Space Florida's Launch and…
On the anniversary of Alan Shepard's historic flight, SpaceX lands Starship SN15…


text:
The Memorial Hatch Shell
John. F. Shea Harnesses New Technology To Restore Landmark Concert Venue
Fourth of July in New England means fireworks, cookouts and the Boston Pops. But one year, the New England weather and the passage of time seemed determined to derail the festivities and prevent the concert. It was the summer of 2017. The Hatch Shell had begun to leak the previous year with water seeping in the dome and damaging the interior. A $2.4 million renovation process was underway to install a new precast outer shell and roofing system. But would roofing contractor John F. Shea and general contractor Folan be able to finish in time?
An Aging Landmark
The Edward A. Hatch Memorial Shell on Boston's Esplanade has been home to the Pops Orchestra for nearly 80 years. In 1929, Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops first performed on the banks of the Charles River in a temporary wooden structure. A second metal structure was damaged irreparably in the hurricane of 1938. Two years later, construction started on a new music shell.
This new incarnation of the project was financed by a donation from Maria Hatch to memorialize her brother. Edward Hatch, a Civil War veteran who served as a general in the Union Army became the first commander of the 9th U.S. Cavalry Regiment, a Buffalo soldier regiment.
Repairing a Complex Structure
Boston architect Richard J. Shaw designed the striking example of art deco architecture as a wood frame structure with a semicircular, 40-foot-high arched opening. The exterior of the shell is finished in terrazzo tile and the interior in wood. When Shaw first designed the dome, he licensed a cutting-edge German structural system for the concrete shell. Technology would also play a role in its repair.
Boston's Department of Conservation and Recreation (DCR) oversaw the restoration process. General contractor Folan of South Easton, MA demolished the existing tiles and replaced them with three-inch thick composite terrazzo precast panels in 91 different shape designed to fit together intricately like a jigsaw to navigate the slight irregularities of the historic dome. Each averaged 3'x4' in size and weighed 350–550lbs.
But before the specially constructed tiles could be lowered in place, it fell to John F. Shea to replace the waterproofing assembly, explains project executive Michael Frank. The existing waterproofing structure was "probably about 20–25 years old," says Frank and a totally different technology.
While the project originally called for using single-ply EDPM or rubber membrane, "we didn't think it was the right material because of the shape of the dome." John F. Shea advocated for Kemper System. "The biggest benefit of Kemper is it's a liquid, a solvent material almost applied like a paint to the concrete surface," explains Frank. The resulting surface was "completely monolithic" seamlessly covering the 1,000 clips needed to secure the cement tiles in place.
While not in the original plans, DCR and its contractors and architects "were fully receptive to it," and thanks to the faster application time allowed by the liquid waterproofing. They were able to partially make up for lost time.
"We had lost a lot of time on the construction because of the winter and we didn't get to start really before May," recalls Frank, leaving barely two months to complete the Hatch Shell before the annual Independence Day Concert.
Thanks to long hours, hard work and John F. Shea's extensive product knowledge, the project was completed on time. "It was a fantastic project," asserts Michael Frank. "I'm a big classical music buff to start with, so being able to work on the Hatch Shell was amazing." On July 4, 2017 Frank and his family were among the thousands in attendance at the newly restored venue.
Waterproofing experts John F. Shea have the knowledge and experience to protect historic venues like Boston's Hatch Shell. See what they can do for you.
Historical Restoration
It was a fantastic project. I'm a big classical music buff to start with, so being able to work on the Hatch Shell was amazing.	 — Michael Frank, Project Executive, John F. Shea, Inc.
First Baptist Church Steeple Restoration


While generally considered to be a fun-in-the-sun excursion, water sport gifts are great to give at the holidays as a hopeful wish of the fun in store during the summer months.
No longer does the term "water sport" simply refer to swimming. There is a whole host of new sports that fall into this category. Other such water-centered activities can include kayaking, water skiing, wakeboarding, scuba diving, surfing, snorkeling, kneeboarding, towables, standup paddle boards and trampolines.
Things such as goggles, fins, nose clips, water shoes and inflatable arm bands make great stocking stuffers for the water sprite of any age.
Back in the day it was all the rage to be towed in an inner tube behind a slow moving motorboat on the water. Nowadays, with the invention of the kneeboard (kneeling on a board behind a faster moving motorboat) and the towable (enlarged, inflatable inner tube-like contraptions designed to carry more than one person at a time behind a motorboat) now more than ever, it's important to pay special attention to water safety in the form of life vests. Although a life vest is not a glamorous gift, it's a gift that will be used time and time again in the pursuit of many different kinds of sunshine fun!
No matter if you're in a lake, or on the river, protecting one's feet and hands couldn't be more important. While water skiing, gloves provide a firm grasp on the bar and so enables one's balance to be maintained. Water socks protect one's feet from the rocks and sticks that could, potentially, abruptly end the fun in the sun. Overton's water boot is great protection against cooler waters; they are soft, lightweight boots made of nylon-covered neoprene.
A very cool and popular water sport gift is the Sea Scooter Aquanaut. This lightweight motorized device allows you to zoom through the water with ease at up to 1 mph, making this an ideal gift for snorkeler, scuba diver, or simply for family fun at the lake. Allowing for diving depths of up to 10 feet, this personal water propeller is compact, lightweight, and rechargeable!
Protecting one's eyes while in the water will help make time in the water that much more fun. Not only do goggles make a great holiday gift, but so do underwater cameras. For that adventurous soul on your list, a great gift idea is an underwater viewing system. This is an ideal gift for the fisherman as well with a large, 7-inch high resolution CRT display, locating action and providing submerged surveillance!


There are some fans that stop at wearing T-shirts and hats but not you! You're a Brewers fanatic and dress yourself as such. You're decked out from head to toe and these Paint Splatter flip flops are just the thing to take you even more places with your fanaticism! They feature cute printed "Brewers" lettering on the heel and PVC straps as well as the Brewers logo on the EVA and rubber footbed. With these flip flops you'll always be standing on Milwaukee turf whether it's at the beach out and about or at the game! S fits women's shoe sizes 5-6; M fits women's shoe sizes 7-8; L fits women's shoe sizes 9-10; XL fits women's shoe sizes 11-12. Sizes are approximate.


These acrylic name plates look just like glass. The lettering is applied to the reverse of the plaque which looks fantastic and helps to make the sign vandal proof. The plate is held away from the wall with stand-off mounts. The acrylic glass signage is ideal for modern house signs and business name plates at a reasonable cost.
Backing Vinyl - An interesting and very effective alternative is to have a coloured vinyl applied behind the lettering. We can do this in blue or grey sandblast effect or a solid colour vinyl. We can also used printed backgrounds.
We can include simple images on the plaques. Choose from a wide range of fonts with lots of letter colour choices.


text:
The  is a professional baseball team based in Hiroshima, Japan. They compete in the Central League of Nippon Professional Baseball. The team is primarily owned by the Matsuda family, led by , who is a descendant of Mazda founder Jujiro Matsuda. Mazda is the largest single shareholder (34.2%), which is less than the portion owned by the Matsuda family (about 60%). Because of that, Mazda is not considered the owner firm. However, the company connection is highlighted in the club name; until 1984, Mazda's official name was . The Carp are the only one of the 28 Asian professional baseball teams to be majority privately owned.

History

Early years
The Nippon Professional Baseball league was planned to be split into two separate leagues in 1949, and Hiroshima prefecture decided to establish a professional baseball team as part of the reconstruction process after the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The team joined the Central League in December 1949 as the Hiroshima Carp. They were named the Carp after the koi fish that climbed the rapids of Hiroshima Castle, which signifies Hiroshima's rebirth after the above said bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War 2.

The team's first home field was a prefecture-funded stadium, and the team's lack of sponsorship made it extremely difficult to recruit players. Manager Hideichi Ishimoto had to personally scout players just to form a starting lineup. The ragtag team ended up in last place from 1950 to 1951.

The team's lack of funding became an even more serious problem in 1951, and it was proposed by NPB that the team be disbanded, or merge with the Taiyo Whales team, which was based in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi at the time. Hiroshima citizens strongly protested against disbanding the team, and raised the money needed to keep the team through donations.

The Central League had seven teams in 1952, making it complicated to form a coherent schedule for each team. Therefore, it was decided that any team that ended the season with a winning percentage below .300 would be disbanded or merged with another team. This agreement may have targeted the Carp, since the team had been in last place every season. The team won only 37 games in 1952, mostly on the back of ace Ryōhei Hasegawa, but ended with a .316 winning percentage, saving itself from being disbanded. The Shochiku Robins ended the season in last place with a .288 winning percentage, and was merged with the Taiyo Whales. While the Robins "merged" with the Whales, they had actually ceased operations prior to the merger, leaving most of their star players as free agents; Hiroshima signed most of them as a result.

The team's financial plight only worsened in the following years, and the team could only issue one uniform per player in 1953. Nevertheless, the team continued to play each season. The team moved to the newly constructed Hiroshima Municipal Stadium in central Hiroshima in July 1957. Finally, in 1960, they ended the season above the .500 mark.

In 1968, the Toyo Kogyo company became the team's chief sponsor, and the company name was inserted to become the Hiroshima Toyo Carp. The company was renamed Mazda Motor Corporation in 1984 after the Matsuda family sold their stakes in the company to Ford, but kept their 60% stake in the team, which they hold onto to this very day. The Toyo name remains memorialized in the name of the baseball team, although the team is rarely mentioned by its full name. The team ended the season above 3rd place for the first time the year corporate sponsorship started, but fell back into last place from 1972 to 1974.

"Akaheru" golden age

Red became the new team color in 1973, and the team's uniforms were redesigned. The current team uniform still resembles the 1973 design. The team logo was also changed from a letter "H" to a red "C" in imitation of the Cincinnati Reds logo..

The team hired its first non-Japanese manager, Joe Lutz, in 1975, becoming the first Japanese professional team to hire a foreign manager. Lutz ordered the team's cap to be changed to red to symbolize a never-ending fighting spirit, and he hired Gail Hopkins and Richie Scheinblum. A month into the season, Lutz and the Carp parted ways after a dispute with the front office. Whether he was fired, or quit is not clear. However, the team won its first ever league championship in 1975 to begin a memorable series of seasons.

The Carp team became a powerhouse in 1978, hitting over 200 home runs in one season for the first time in Japanese baseball history. Koji Yamamoto, Sachio Kinugasa, Jim Lyttle and Adrian Garrett formed the powerful Akaheru (meaning "Red Helmet") lineup, which won two consecutive pennants and Japan Series from 1979 to 1980. A strong pitching staff led to another Japan Series win in 1984. Manager Takeshi Koba retired in 1985, but the team still won the pennant the following year.

Star player Koji Yamamoto became manager in 1989, and the team won yet another pennant in 1991. However, the team fell into last place in 1993, and Yamamoto resigned from his position.

Dark years
The Carp would endure a lengthy period without success after their 1991 pennant.

One of the major reasons for the team's demise was the lack of financial support it received from its sponsors. The team never signed any free agents, and was often forced to let go of star players because they could no longer pay their salaries (recent examples include Tomoaki Kanemoto, Akira Etoh, Andy Sheets, Nate Minchey, John Bale, Greg LaRocca and Takahiro Arai). The Hiroshima Carp were the last Japanese team to have a non-Japanese player on its roster (excluding Japanese-Americans). Zoilo Versalles, the 1965 American League MVP,  was the first non-Japanese player to play for the Carp.

Marty Brown became the manager in 2006, becoming the team's first non-Japanese manager in 31 years (since Joe Lutz). The team set a new record in April, 2006, scoring only 2 runs for the first 9 games of the season. Through still not finishing above third, the team concentrated on developing potential young players. In 2008, even though they were expected to finish last place as both the ace Hiroki Kuroda and slugger Takahiro Arai were gone by free agency, their chance of entering of playoffs was not eliminated until the very end of the season (when only 3 games remained), and they finished fourth, closely following Chunichi Dragons.

Beginning with the 2009 season, the team's home has been the New Hiroshima Municipal Stadium, also known as Mazda Zoom-Zoom Stadium, in the Minami (South) Ward of Hiroshima.

Resurgence
After years of futility, the Carp finally regained success in 2016, finishing the regular season with NPB's best record and defeating the Yokohama DeNA BayStars in the Climax Series Final to advance to their first Japan Series since 1991, where they faced the Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters. The Carp won the first two games of the series at home, but the Fighters would win the next four games en route to the championship. After the season Hiroki Kuroda, who had returned to the Carp in 2015 following a stint in Major League Baseball, retired.

The Carp again finished with the Central League's best record in 2017, but were upset by the BayStars in a rematch of the previous year's Climax Series Final.

In 2018, the Carp captured another Central League Pennant and swept the Yomiuri Giants in the Climax Series Final. However, they once again came up short in the Japan Series, falling to the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks in five games.

The Carp finished the 2019 campaign in fourth place, missing the playoffs by a half game and ending the team's run of three consecutive Central League Pennants.

In 2020, the Carp finished 5th and once again missed the playoffs for a second consecutive year.

The Carp would finish in 4th place in the 2021 campaign, losing a playoff spot by just 2 games.

The 2022 season would begin with a major loss for the Carp, losing star player Seiya Suzuki after getting posted to the Chicago Cubs. Despite the setback, Hiroshima began the season 8-4 in their first 12 games. Despite the strong start, they missed out on the playoffs again, going 66-74-3.

Uniforms
The former uniforms of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp are similar to the Major League Baseball team the Cincinnati Reds. The original uniforms of the Hiroshima Carp are descendants of the uniforms worn by the University of Chicago's varsity baseball team, which toured Japan in 1912 playing against major university teams. One team they played was Chuo University who copied the uniforms including the distinctive "C" logo. Alumni of the Chuo University team helped in founding the Hiroshima Carp.

Current roster

Mascots and characters

 One of the team's two mascot's, "Carp Boy"(カープ坊や Kāpu Bōya), is seen in the team's logo. Their other mascot, "Slyly"(スラィリー Surairī), bears a resemblance to the Phillie Phanatic of the Philadelphia Phillies and has been with the team since 1995. Both Slyly and the Phillie Phanatic were designed by Harrison/Erickson which has also worked with Sesame Street and Jim Henson. The Slyly costume design was also previously used as Duncan the Dragon for the New Jersey Nets.
 The first Japanese baseball dog "Mickey"(ミッキー Mikkī) was employed between 2005 and 2007. Mickey was a Golden Retriever who wore jersey number 111, and brought new balls to the umpire from the dugout during the game. Mickey died in 2009 at the age of 11.
 Until 2015, Hiroshima Municipal Stadium was closed every year on August 6 in memorial of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The team always played in other stadiums, even if a home game was scheduled for that day. The team played their first August 6 home game at Mazda Zoom Zoom Stadium in 2015. During the game all Carp players wore the uniform number 86 representing the date of the event 70 years prior, and PEACE on the front to symbolize the city's everlasting goal for world peace.

Carp Academies
The Carp was the first Japanese baseball team to establish a baseball academy outside Japan. The team was unable to recruit non-Japanese players from the major leagues due to financial constraints, and the academy was established to cheaply send young players to play in Japan. The Carp Baseball Academy was created in the Dominican Republic in 1990, and Robinson Checo became the first player imported to Japan from the academy in 1995. Checo achieved moderate success in Japan, leading to further imports which include later-MLB players Timo Pérez and Alfonso Soriano.

In 2004, the Carp started a pitching academy in Guangdong, China, in an attempt "to expand the range of baseball in Asia."

Players of note

MLB players
Active:
Kenta Maeda (2016–)
Seiya Suzuki (2022-)

Retired:
Colby Lewis (2002–2004, 2006–2007, 2010–2012, 2014–2016)
Hiroki Kuroda (2008–2014)
Ken Takahashi (2009)
Richie Scheinblum (1975–1976)
Alfonso Soriano (1999–2014)

Retired numbers
  (1975–1987), (#28:1965–1974)
  (1971–1986, 2001–2005), (#27:1969–1970), (#88:1989–1993 as manager)
  (1997–2007, 2015–2016)

Honored numbers
  (1990–2013) -  Seiya Suzuki (2019–2021)
  (1989–2005) -  Shota Dobayashi (2013–)
  (2008–2015) -  Masato Morishita (2020–)
  (1976–1994) -  Katsuhiro Nagakawa (2003–2019) -  Ryoji Kuribayashi (2021–)
  (1999–2007、2016–2018)

Managers

Farm team
The team has a farm team in the lower Western League. Also named Toyo Carp.

The team's ball park, Yuu Baseball Ground is located approximately  southwest of Iwakuni in Yū, Yamaguchi.
Built in 1993, the facility has a large main (seating for 3500) playing field with right and left bleachers (no seating in centre field) and a smaller throwing field next to it.

References

External links

  Hiroshima Carp official web site
  japanesebaseball.com Carp page
  Carp train (operated by Hiroden)

Nippon Professional Baseball teams
Sports teams in Hiroshima
Baseball teams established in 1950
Articles containing video clips


I'm always asked, 'how did you lose 20 kg (44 lb) and keep it off? The big secret to my weight loss is that I didn't try to lose weight. It turns out that trying to lose weight was having the opposite effect. Up until my 'Aha' (I-need-to-stop-dieting) moment, I was obsessed with losing weight. It was the only reason I ate salads and exercised. But I finally realised it wasn't working.
Trying to lose weight had made me hate my body and gain weight. So I wondered, what if I stopped trying to lose weight and focussed on being healthy? I calculated the risk. The worst-case scenario was that I would gain more weight and I was so scared—actually terrified—of that happening; but I also realised I needed to make a change. I didn't want to diet for the rest of my life. If dieting had made me gain weight, then maybe not-dieting would do the opposite. What did I have to lose?
So when I say I gave up dieting, I also mean to say that I gave up trying to lose weight. It took an extraordinary effort to resist the temptation to diet. But I trusted myself, practised the principles in this book and started to think about food differently. By about four years later, I had lost 20 kg (44 lb). This weight loss was so slow that I couldn't have measured it with a scale. Averaged out over the period, I lost 100 g (3½ oz) a week. If my goal had been to lose weight, I would have been incredibly disheartened and lost motivation when I stepped on the scale each week. I wouldn't have noticed all the other incredible progress I had made because I would have defined my success by the scale. Without any weight loss, I would have given up.
Luckily, I didn't measure my success with a scale. I measured the changes in my relationship with food and my habits. Instead of starting one hundred new habits on the first of January, I adopted habits slowly, one by one, giving my brain, preferences and lifestyle time to change with me. So, while the scale didn't always reflect the healthy changes I was making, my mind slowly changed for the better and, sure enough, my body slowly started to change with it.
Ironically, as long as you define your success by your weight, you won't ever get to your healthiest and be able to stay there. Why? Because when you lose the weight, you feel like you've reached your goal: you get complacent about eating healthily and exercising, as it feels like the battle has been won. When you define success by the number on the scale or the amount you lose in a week, you're setting yourself up for an 'all-or-nothing' approach and, like the majority of people, you will probably fail.
I appreciate that you might not feel that you are currently at your healthiest weight. You find yourself tired, sweaty and uncomfortable in your clothes; you're desperate to shift some weight so you can feel good again. You eat past the point of fullness. But at some point, you need to take a long-term view.
Going on a weight-loss diet is a short-term goal. It's like trying to swim to the other side of a river with a very strong current. You'll get exhausted and the current will end up pulling you back to where you started. On each attempt, you grow weaker and are less successful. Focussing on healthy habits instead is like building a bridge across the river. Yes, it's going to take much longer, but once you've built a solid foundation, getting to the other side is easy and effortless.
Stop wasting energy on short-term weight loss. Aim for long-term health. Stop 'trying to be good' and start trying to feel good.
Read more stories like this: What Lyndi Cohen eats in a week. Plus, The truth about diet vs exercise.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SHENZHEN, China, Nov. 30, 2016 /PRNewswire/ -- Meizu, one of the leading smartphone maker officially launched its flagship device, the Meizu PRO 6 Plus, equipped with the company's latest intelligent operating system (OS), the intelligent and feature-rich Flyme 6.
The PRO 6 Plus comes with a clearer and sharper 5.7-inch display with 2560*1440 resolution, exceeding the 2K standard and most mainstream desktop displays. It is equipped with the powerful octa-core Samsung Exynos 8890 processor built on a state-of-the-art 14nm FinFET process. The PRO 6 Plus can handle various demanding activities such as video games and complex applications with ease.
The PRO 6 Plus features a 12 mega-pixel f/2.0 large aperture camera with customized Sony IMX 386 sensor and 6-element lens. Along with its OIS system, the PRO 6 Plus can capture stunning pictures even under low light conditions. The latest generation high-performance ISP image processor also significantly improves color, sharpness, and noise reduction performance in photos and videos.
Utilizing a combination of ES9018K2M, the world's best performing 32-bit audio DAC solution, and the AD45275 energy efficient audio amplifier, the PRO 6 Plus provides outstanding audio performance that will satisfy the most demanding listener.
In addition to a powerful processor, the PRO 6 Plus is equipped with 4GB ultra-fast LPDDR (Low Power Double Data Rate) memory and 1.4GB / s bandwidth UFS 2.0 flash memory storage system. All this makes accessing files faster and switching between applications easier than before.
The PRO 6 Plus incorporates the latest USB technology - Type-C and USB 3.1. Its reversible USB Type-C connector supports data transmission with a bandwidth up to 5Gbps. The USB cable has been redesigned to support 24W fast charging and sustain high temperature and protection against short circuit. The battery has a capacity of 3400mAh and has a lifespan of more than 900 charging cycles.
PRO 6 Plus will be available at RMB 2,999 (approx. USD 435.8) (64GB) & RMB 3,299 (approx. 479.3) 128GB).
Flyme 6 features an outstanding and unique content-driven design that utilizes eight elegant colors. Users are able to fully immerse themselves into the content without being bothered by irrelevant factors.
Meanwhile, the One Mind artificial intelligence engine is able to adjust system performance according to user preference. It can identify users' favorite apps and designate extra resources to those apps to make them run more smoothly.
More than 400 new features were added in Flyme 6, including a revamped picture capturing process and a reworked lost phone finding assistant.
"PRO 6 Plus integrates Meizu's delicate design and top-notch hardware configurations and ensures an exquisite user experience," said Aber Bai, president of Meizu. "We believe it is a great product in all aspects and we look forward to it becoming popular in the market.
"Flyme 6 is our largest system update ever. It is more powerful, secure and reliable with over 400 new features and a self-developed artificial intelligence system service, One Mind. Both products are milestones for Meizu's technological development and we're looking forward to creating a more surprising experience for those who embrace imagination."
Founded in 2003, Meizu is one of the leading smartphone makers in the world. Based on user preference, Meizu has developed a series of smartphones utilizing the Android-based Flyme operation system. The company now carries three smartphone lines: the PRO, MX and M-series and has released almost 30 smartphone models to date. According to statistics from IC Insights, Meizu is the world's 11th largest mobile phone manufacturer in terms of unit sales.
Meizu phones are characterized by their light, comfortable design, premium sound quality, high-definition camera, and simple, elegant user interface, combining performance, ease of use and functionality with the durability needed to survive the human experience.
Meizu is currently officially available in Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Mainland China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Myanmar, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine and United Kingdom.


Join us for this unique rare gift as we welcome Grand Chief Woableza, a tradional Lakota/Dakota Elder and Wisdom keeper who returns to our community to share his experiences of living at Standing Rock for the past 3 months.
*In addition, Woableza will aso be participating and supporting additional ceremonies and talks throughout the weekend of 2/11-2/12 around the bay area.
He will also be speaking in Santa Rosa on Friday the 17th.
For more info feel free to reach out.


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Presidential Election Losers
The Tradition Of Gracious Losers Of Presidential Elections Not Being Accepted By Donald Trump!
November 7, 2020 Ronald 46 Comments
The tradition in Presidential elections is for the loser to concede with grace and statesmanship.
One can forget about that with President Donald Trump, who is promoting conspiracy theories, and according to some sources, has every intention of refusing to cooperate on the transition, and staying in the White House on Inauguration Day, January 20, 2021, refusing to leave the building or attend the inauguration of his successor.
Other Presidents have refused to attend the inauguration of their successor, including John Adams when Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated in 1801; John Quincy Adams when Andrew Jackson was inaugurated in 1829; and Andrew Johnson when Ulysses S. Grant was inaugurated in 1869.
We have seen in modern times all of the Presidential losers concede graciously—Richard Nixon in 1960, Barry Goldwater in 1964, Hubert Humphrey in 1968, George McGovern in 1972, Gerald Ford in 1976, Jimmy Carter in 1980, Walter Mondale in 1984, Michael Dukakis in 1988, George H. W. Bush in 1992, Bob Dole in 1996, Al Gore in 2000, John Kerry in 2004, John McCain in 2008, Mitt Romney in 2012, and Hillary Clinton in 2016.
Donald Trump is acting like a spoiled child, a privileged character, a prima donna, who clearly would love to be an authoritarian dictator and has been a threat for four years, but the American people have clearly made him aware that his "employment" in the White House for four more years is not desired, and that he has, effectively, been "fired" by a vast margin of about 5-6 million popular votes by the time all of the votes are counted!
News and Politics Al Gore, Andrew Jackson, Andrew Johnson, Barry Goldwater, Bob Dole, Donald Trump, George H. W. Bush, George McGovern, Gerald Ford, Hillary Clinton, Hubert Humphrey, Jimmy Carter, John Adams, John Kerry, John McCain, John Quincy Adams, Michael Dukakis, Mitt Romney, Presidential Election Losers, Richard Nixon, Thomas Jefferson, Ulysses S. Grant, Walter Mondale


"Man of Steel 2" aka "Batman vs Superman" director Zack Snyder has revealed a photo of the Batsuit and the Batmobile. Now, it is speculated that in no time the world would see the costume of Wonder Woman. The character of Wonder Woman is being played by Gal Gadot and fans are waiting in anticipation as to how will she look in "Man of Steel 2".
Giving a bit of hint to the fans, Gadot posted a cryptic message on her Facebook page on Monday saying: "Busy busy week... Let's have a WONDERful week everyone! xoxo."
What had added fuel to the speculation is the use of word "Wonder" in the post. Fans are hoping that the upcoming week has to do something about Wonder Woman which may or may not be about her costume.
The film's costume designer is Michael Wikinson of "American Hustle" fame. Regarding the costume of Wonder Woman Wikinson told The Wrap at their pre-Oscar bash: "It's a thrilling and slightly scary prospect of course. It's so important to get her right. She really deserves to be presented onscreen in her full glory, so what I do is look at the history of the character has been presented on the big screen, small screen, comic books, and graphic novels; we process it all", he said, adding, "Then we kind of put that aside and work out what is right for our film, for the cinematic universe that our director Zack Snyder is putting together. We try to create a Wonder Woman relevant for today's audiences."
It could so happen that the Wonder Woman costume takes a hiatus from traditional armor design and is closer to modern sensibilities. However, Wikinson did say that there will nothing wrong if an old-fashioned armor of Wonder Woman is used in the film.
"I mean, you just have to look at the Gladiators from ancient Rome, they did their thing... with the shield and everything. Yes, it works for 'Thor' and '300,' so let's see what happens, " he said in the interview.
"Man of Steel 2" main star cast include Ben Affleck as Batman/Bruce Wayne, Henry Cavill as Superman/Clark Kent, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman/Diana Prince, Amy Adams as Lois Lane, Jesse Eisenberg as Lex Luthor, Laurence Fishburne as Perry White, and Diane Lane as Martha Kent.


Aside from actual Khoisan or Pygmy individuals taking this test it's highly unlikely that this socalled "Central & South African" category, a huge misnomer, will reach significant levels (above 20%) among any other Africans or Afro-descendants. Given the samples being used it's an extremely narrowly defined category, yet it is known that Pygmy and Khoisan markers are highly distinctive and therefore easily detectable by DNA testing. Which makes it still a reliable category if you forget about the labeling. On AncestryDNA the equivalent category (likely based on the very same samples) is called more truthfully "South Central Hunter Gatherers". Also on the various Ged-Match calculators there's usually similar separate categories for either San or Pygmies.
"Central & South African" %'s seem to be most informative for South African Coloureds who are known to have a great deal of Khoisan ancestry, they are however heavily mixed with other ethnic origins as well. Therefore not all South African Coloureds will have it as main African component, socalled "West African" (most likely to be Bantu) also being important and even sometimes "East African" showing up as largest SSA component (see screenshot South Africa 5). In this recent DNA paper increasing Khoisan ancestry levels among South African coloureds were found in the most northwestern parts of South Africa.
Bantu speakers from South Africa, Zimbabwe & Mozambique are all shown as being overwhelmingly "West African" which is obviously false and having to do with Bantu samples being used for "West Africa". The South African result (number 6) is showing the highest level of "Central & South African" conforming with significant Khoisan ancestry being found for most South African ethnic groups (see this spreadsheet of Africa9 results). Possibly Khoisan admixture is also being detected for the Mozambican and the three Zimbabweans but at a much more decreased level.
The SSA breakdown for the two individuals from Madagascar is quite diverse. Although "West African" is predominant both "Central & South African" and even "East African" are being shown at detectable level, especially relative to their total amount of SSA ancestry. It's intriguing to speculate whether the "Central & South African" scores for Madagascar are suggestive of either Pygmy or San affinity. Given the local Vazimba legends perhaps Pygmy-like ancestry is more likely. See also this recent paper about new findings regarding the earliest African settlers of Madagascar. Also very notable is their Southeast Asian ancestry which is shown as being predominant, other persons from Madagascar might have less Southeast Asian though depending on ethnic background. Afro-descendants showing minor %'s of Southeast Asia might very well have partial Malagassy origins, i'll discuss this in a separate future post.
Just like the previous results for Bantu speakers from southern Africa also these Central African individuals are misleadingly shown as being over 90% "West African". Again having to do with Bantu samples being used to define the "West Africa" category, while the "Central Africa & South Africa" category is merely based on Pygmy and Khoisan samples.
Compared with genuine West African results these Central Africans do seem to score markedly higher for "Central & South African", in their case suggesting minor ancient Pygmy admixture. I suppose only for some southern Angolans this category might be indicative of Khoisan ancestry instead. These Pygmy admixture levels will again show great variaton according to ethnic group and also location being near the rainforest areas where the interaction between Bantu speaking groups and Pygmy populations would have been greatest.
I only have a very limited number of Central African screenshots but their Pygmy %'s seem lower than from what i've seen on the Ged-Match calculator Africa9 (see the Bakongo (from Congo), Bamoun (from Cameroon) and Fang (from Gabon) scores for Biaka & Mbuti in this spreadsheet). Curiously i've seen many Afro-diasporeans score higher "Central & South African" scores than these 5 Central Africans even with their total SSA being less than 80%!
"Central & South African" %'s among Afro-descendants are likely to derive almost exclusively from Bantu speaking ancestors who already carried these markers within their genome because of ancient geneflow taking place within Africa. I personally don't know of any historical records mentioning the presence in the Americas of Pygmy or Khoisan slaves. Given their nomadic lifestyle in highly remote and thinly populated areas and perhaps also because of being deemed physically unsuitable for plantation work it seems any systematic enslavement of Pygmies and Khoisan for Trans Atlantic purposes can be ruled out. Khoisan slaves were however present in the Dutch ruled Cape Colony of South Africa.
From the results i've seen Brazilians by far score the highest "Central & South African" percentages, especially relative to their total SSA. Judging from their documented slave trade origins this was to be expected, Brazil showing the highest shares of slave imports from Central Africa as well as Southeast Africa compared with other destinations in the Americas. It could be indicative of both Pygmy and Khoisan ancestry (carried over by Bantu speaking slaves), however Pygmy affinity seems most likely. Going by the results of Zimbabwe and Mozambique ancient Khoisan admixture outside of South Africa doesn't seem to be that high.
Judging from what i've seen African American results for "Central & South African" are minor but vary a lot in between the range of 0,2% – 4,9%. I've seen far less West Indian results but on average African Americans seem to score slightly higher for this category than Jamaicans perhaps in line with documented slave trade with Congo & northern Angola being more important for the USA than most other former British colonies, especially Jamaica and Barbados.
Dominicans and Puerto Ricans seem to score relatively high "Central & South African" percentages if you compensate for their generally lower total SSA ancestry. This could however also be a result of random recombination and perhaps certain DNA segments being more likely to be "retained" or "recycled" than others, ending up with a genetic SSA breakdown that could be disproportionate to a genealogical SSA breakdown (if it was somehow possible to reconstruct one completely).
I'm Zimbabwean and i scored 45% west african by using MyHeritage. Is there an explanation on this?
Yes. There is no "southern" or even "southeastern" African region on MyHeritage. Did you get any "Central Africa" in your results on My Heritage, though? For someone like you depending on which ethnic group you come from, it wouldn't be a surprise to see any combination of broadly West, Central and Eastern Africa in your results given the Bantu migration.
What are your full results?
Hi Damon I did my ancestry with Myheritage over a year ago, my results where 45% west african and the rest where Kenyan. I rang the company for more clarity and they mentioned exactly you've just stated that they don't have any southern or south eastern regions. I felt a bit deceived therefore asked for my refund. I got more curious recently anddecided to send my DNA again over to AncestryDNA of which i'm still waiting for the results. Just to let you know i still have the raw Data from Myheritage, would that be any use to you?
As I'm sure you know, now, you should probably always research something like this before handing over your money. I'd doubt that something like this justifies a refund, quite honestly, particularly now that you'll be using the raw data they came up with for use at AncestryDNA. But, maybe they did give you a refund and they agree with you.
Anyway, no, that wouldn't be much use for your question, particularly now that you've uploaded to Ancestry. The 45% "West African" and the rest being "Kenya" makes total sense given their MyHeritage's regions for someone from southern Africa. Ancestry's regions will likely be more helpful to you, though still barely since they only have "South-Central Hunter-Gatherer" and "Africa Southeastern Bantu." Depending on your ethnic/tribal heritage, you'll likely get a mix of African Southeastern Bantu and "Cameroon-Congo" with some other trace West African regions and maybe a bit of South-Central Hunter-Gatherer.
The 5 presumably Shona persons are all described by AncestryDNA as a combination of "Cameroon/Congo" and "Southeastern Bantu". With the former region being somewhat predominant. This sets them aside from the South African results i've seen who have a much greater pull to "Southeastern Bantu" and usually also show minor amounts of "SC Hunter-Gatherers". This could just be an outcome of the particular samples being used by AncestryDNA in their Reference Panel. Very likely including South African Bantu samples. The circumstance that Zimbabweans seem to be more so "Cameroon/Congo" might suggest an intermediate position genetically speaking i suppose.
The spreadsheet you've sent only goes down to row 84.
Don't know if I'm looking at it right.
I was born in Matabeleland (so as my parents) and i class myself as of Ndebele / Kalanga ethnic group. Once i get my results from AncestryDNA would you like me to update you on that? If it's any help to your survey ?
Yes that would be very helpful! Please let me know when you receive your results and I can add them into my survey. Thanks in advance!
Hi i finally got my results from Ancestry. Its just as you guessed, predominately Cameroon/Congo. I'm having trouble putting the screen shot on here, let me know your email if you like.
MMeli, what ethnic group(s) do you belong to in Zimbabwe? I'm actually a bit surprised so many from that region of Africa get such high Cameroon/Congo. I'd expect that to make up a significant chunk, but since it's most distant (both geographically and in time), I'm always surprised when it's a primary region for people from Zimbabwe, Zambia, Botswana, etc. Absent the screen shot, just post your percentages of each region.
Cameroon/congo 54%, africa southeast bantu 34%, benin togo 7%, mali 3%, africa south central hunter gatherers 1%, nigeria 1%.
Hi Mmeli, thanks a lot for sharing your results! I have added them in row 150 of my sheet. Indeed very similar to the other Zimbabwean samples in my survey. They were however for the most part Shona's. Given your partial Ndebele background one might have expected a more increased level of "Southeast Bantu" I suppose. From what i've read the Ndebele are very closely related to the Zulu right? In case you like to explore that side of your lineage in particular I would advise you to have a closer look into your DNA matches. You probably already have quite a few South African matches if you systematically go through your list.
Mmeli, what are the lingusitic/cultural differences between the Northern and Southern Ndebele, and which group do the (ba)Kalanga fit into? I've never quite been able to understand which groups these two claim most affinity to. It seems that there has been quite a bit of cultural pressure from surrounding groups on each, and it sounds like the "Shona" didn't exist as a group prior to European settlement, so it sounds really complicated. So I'm trying to figure out given that the "Shona" are a mix of all the peoples of the area, if the Kalanga are simply a "Shona" sub-group who were able to retain their culture better.
i have not done any detailed analysis of My Heritage. But basically you will need to learn more about their African sample database as well as how each African region they have in place is defined by these samples. Afterall your admixture results are a reflection of how your own DNA compares with these samples according to MyHeritage's algorithm.
On 23andme for example as a Zimbabwean you are bound to also show a very significant "West African" score because 23andme includes Bantu samples from Kenya in this category (despite the labeling..). See also the three Zimbabwean screenshots on this page.
Do you have full 23andMe composition results for Coloured South Africans ? I would like to see their pie charts, chromosomes, and percentages. I've been trying to find Coloured South African results on 23andMe for a while now.
Are you South African yourself? I do not have those screenshots you're asking for. However I do have complete AncestryDNA results for South African Coloureds. I intend to eventually do a separate blog on their results as well as for Indian Ocean Islanders.
I'm glad you asked as there is so much misconception of who Kalangas are, but before that let me emphasise that they are NOT Shonas as most would claim, same Bantu family but different. The simplest way i can explain is that In Zimbabwe, Ndebeles and Shonas are not tribes but merely 'nations' made up of different tribes. Ndebeles in South Africa are pure and distinctly different to the ones found in Matabeleland in Zimbabwe. This is because of the mis-labels by the europeans in the 1900s. Ndebele or Matabele nation is made up of various tribes such as Suthu, Kalanga, Tonga, Nambya,Tswana, Chewa, Shangani and the ones refered to Abezansi (meaning the nguni clans who are an offshoot of the zulus nation). Its more confusing now because they're the ones (abezansi)who are now referred to as 'ndebeles'. I regard myself as Kalanga based on my tribe, however i have Ndebele as my first language and culture. On the other side of Zimbabwe (Mashonaland) you'll find Zezuru, Ndawu, Karanga etc who refer to themselves as Shona and use that as an umbrella term both linguisticly and culturally.
Yes, I read the wikipedia article, which is why I was confused. Let's start at the beginning. First, the (ba)Kalanaga are Nguni-speakers, correct? Now, are they Northern or Southern Ndebele peoples? What's more confusing is that the TjiKalanga language the Kalanga speaks is classified as "Western Shona," which the Kalanga doesn't seem to be happy with. Then to add even more confusing, apparently the Northern Ndebele language(s) of Zimbabwe is/are actually said to be closer to languages in South Africa than the Southern Ndebele language(s) is/are, which is also spoken in South Africa.
Is TjiKalanga not considered a Northern or Southern Ndebele language? It's definitely part of the larger Nguni language family, but what I can't figure out is which sub-group the language fits in? It seems that it's either classified as "Western Shona" or given it's own status as seperate from either "Western Shone" or Northern/Southern Ndebele. But then you said you speak "Ndebele," but which one?
This is all very interesting, I just want to make sure I get it correct, as I seem to have a Kalanga match and would like to be sensitive to the local understanding of the different groups in that part of Africa. It sounds like the Kalanga have been in this part of Africa longer than most, and have fought hard – with varying success – not to be seen as "part" of this artificial group or the other created by the Europeans, so I'd like to show respect to how they view themselves compared to their neighbors.
So that kind of clears things up. I guess the confusion is that there are Ndebele-speakers in the same area of Zimbabwe as the historic Kalanga, and that the Kalanga have been under social/cultural pressure for decades/centuries from these Ndebele-speakers with many Kalangas having been "Ndebelized," if you will. So, while Kalanga may not see themselves as Shona, they are most definitely more closely related to the groups who call themselves Shona than they are to the "foreign" Nguni Ndebeles, correct? So you consider yourself linguistically Ndebele, but ethnically Kalanga, correct?
With all that out of the way, I'm more curious, then, about the connections between the Kalanga and the other "Shone" to the northeast. Could a Central Shona-speaker from, say, Harare understand a pure Kalanga-speaker from Matabeland, or are the dialects/languages too different? In that same vein, since they are surrounded by Nguni Ndebele speakers, is a Kalanga-speaker more likely to know Nguni Ndebele as a second language than her or she is a Central Shona language? It would seem by your own story that the present-day ethnic Kalanga have more an affinity to the Ndebele than the Shona?
I guess with those last two questions what I'm curious about is whether a person who considers himself ethnically Kalanage, even if he doesn't speak the language, sees himself as more "Shona" or more "Ndebele" or if it simply depends on where he lives in the country? It is really a shame studying up on the Kalanga given their amazing and storied history, that their history and unique culture seems to be treated as an after-thought. These ancient people of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe, of the Kingdom of Butua, of the Kingdom of Mutapa…had their history told by others, whether it was the Europeans or the Ndebele.
Shona language it's not even 100 years old, so how can it be that languages that have been there for more than a 1000 years be classified under Shona? However, this was Prof. C M Doke's idea, his aim was to destroy Kalanga dialects spoken by people in the north and in the eastern Zimbabwe. He did the same thing in Matebeleland where he managed to wipe out languages like isiZulu, isiSwati and Ndzundza and Manala Nguni dialects. All those languages gradually disappeared and they were replaced by isiNdebele -a language that has not been there prior that time. Other non-Nguni languages like Kalanga, Sotho and Tswana were greatly affected by that era of assimilation imposed on natives and became officially institutionalised by the Rhodesian government in 1930 and continued till the end of the colonial era. So as a result it would be quite silly for a Kalanga to see themselves as Shona.
For the most part a Shona speaker would'nt understand a pure Kalanga speaker, although there are terms that might have the same meaning, for instance my last name 'Moyo' meaning heart in Shona, Swahili, Lozwi and few other Bantu languages. Moreover, the so called Shona dialects have none of these sounds in their language 'L', light B, W, DL, HL or even clicks as the Kalanga has.
That's true and its due to their geographical location and the history of the Lozwi empire has with the southern Nguni tribes in the 1800s. King Mzilikazi and Mambo co-existed and created the Mthwakazi state, which is now known as Matabeleland.
FORTH POINT;I guess with those last two questions what I'm curious about is whether a person who considers himself ethnically Kalanga, even if he doesn't speak the language, sees himself as more "Shona" or more "Ndebele" or if it simply depends on where he lives in the country?
I think to the most part you're right, however never in my life have i met anyone who's Kalanga and claimed to be from MaShonaland or related to anyone from that part of Zimbabwe. Its sad to say this however, that whole part of southern africa is the most divided region ethnically, and its all thanks to the colonial era, i would highly recommend you to have a read on Prof. C M Doke . Although most Kalangas see themselves as Ndebeles they've still preserved much of their culture and language through folklore and religious beliefs. And most of these so called Ndebeles are now using Kalanga surnames and vise versa.
Kalangas have been in that region much longer than most tribes. The evidence of the masonry is scattered in many parts were the Kalanga people are still living till this day. In Bulawayo, Maswingo, Hwange, Plumtree, Gwelo etc, and in many places across Botswana there are ruins there, look up Mapungubwe (although that's another piece of history being hijacked). The Kalanga did build them and evidence is there to prove it. Some researchers even say It was a skill that they have brought all the way from the Nile valley.
I thank you genuinely for all of your help in explaining this. And, again, I did not mean to offend with the comparisons of the languages and using the name "Shona," which is why I said "for lack of a better term." I use "Shona" only to mean those peoples and languages of Mashonaland who share a similar linguistic heritage who are not Nguni Ndebele speakers. I realize that "Shona" is a modern invention that groups together varying and different peoples, but for better or worse it's the only term that one can use to differentiate those who speak related languages in Mashonaland from the Ndebele-speakers in Matabeleland.
BTW, to follow up, you take a view that this Prof. C M Doke sought to eliminate different Kalanga dialects in the north and east of the country (and by Kalanga, I take it you mean those languages I talk about in Mashonaland as "Shona"), but then what are the dialects/languages spoken in Mashonaland, today, if not those languages? Did you mean to say that these Central "Shona" (related non-Ndebele) languages have been standardized? Because aren't languages like Zezru, Karanga, Manyika etc…all still "Shona" (related non-Ndebele) languages/dielcts? Or are they seen as having been "degraded" by other languages and outside influences, and if so, which languages been responsible for this?
What is the view from the Kalanga perspective on the what languages of Mashonaland are, today? Oh, and I also meant to ask that while I know the Kalanga live in North and South Matabeleland provinces, in which specific districts do they make up a significiant percentage of the population in those provinces? Also, does Bulawayo City have a significant Kalanga population or is it seen as more a center of Ndebele culture, these days?
Oh, last question, I've heard that a lot of Kalanga names are easily noticeable in Zimbabwe because they have to do with bodyparts. Does the name "Masendu" mean anything having to do with a part of the body?
I have been enamored with finding out all I can since I found this Kalanga cousin. Since I began this DNA journey earlier this year, never in a million years did I think that I'd find potential distant cousins from people this far south in Africa, and from such people as the Kalanga who have lived in their area for hundreds and hundreds of years. Fonte has put together such an amazing site for us.
Offended ? Don't be silly mate lol. I'm actually impressed on how much work you've put in on your research about Kalangas. Stuff that's ignited my passion to know more about my people aswell. That's the thing about us continental Africans we take our identities for granted, regardless of the colours we wear and the languages we speak.
Bulawayo is more of a Ndebele Central although its now quite diverse. Most people who are born and bred in Bulawayo such as myself are mostly in my generation, born after the so called independence( 1980 +). Before that, the whole place was mostly occupied by Europeans. There are still countless structures there that are still standing from colonial times.
And yes, with regards to Kalanga surnames, the point i was trying to make on my previous message is that Kalangas are the only tribe in southern africa who use animals and body parts as their surnames. So if you find a Zulu or Shona person with such surnames they're more likely to have Kalanga roots without even realising, as we both would agree that the culture predates most of them.
I'm not sure what the term Masendu means but i know a place by that name in Plumtree. The chieftain's family is called Masendu, they are well known as they have royalty connections to that particular place. Is that where your cousin's from? That's interesting as i have family there as well.
If you don't mind me asking, where's your family from?
Oh, I should have mentioned this; I am African American, my family has been in the States for hundreds of years. The vast majority of my DNA I've found to be West African as one would expect given the slave trade, but I've also been finding sigificant amounts of West-Central (Cameroon, Congo) and southern African (Zambia) matches.
I have not been able to get a reply back from Mr. Masendu, but looked up the name and it pointed towards the Kalanga, which is what spurred my interest in this particular post dealing with Central & Southern Africa. I also see Plumtree pop up alot as a location of significant Kalanga populations.
Anyway, thank you again for all of your help in helping me to understand Zimbabwe.It is a country with a fascinating history, and I wish much better for it in the future. BTW, do you still live in Zimbabwe and where in Matabeleland were you born?
I have been following your conversation with Mmeli, and I would like to make a few comments please.
It is good to see that he is passionate about his heritage and preserving it, but the truth as you pointed out is that the Shona is a blanket term for combination of different tribes with different languages set apart from the Ndebele. And they have not lost their languages, they still speak them in their homes and villages but when they come in public they usually speak a standard language called shona, which has words which are similar to their own. The Kalanga language also has words which are similar in the Shona language. I noticed this when I lived in Botswana for three years, where there are also Kalangas connected to the Kalanga's in Zimbabwe. I had a a Botswanian friend, who was Kalanga and as a shona speaker I could understand them when they spoke because some of their words were the same as the shona words and we could identify with each other.
There are actually some different tribes under the new shona banner who use animals and animal parts as their surnames and they are not Kalanga's, including my surname. I have noticed that some of these tribes are also proud of their languages and seek to maintain it, but because of the standard use of shona like English, the new generation tend to loose touch with their language. I would like to find out which tribe originally speaks shona or it is a combination of different words from the different tribes. I have also noticed that the shona language also has words similar to that of the Kenyans.
If we are to really look at the combination of the so called shona people, we would find that the combination of tribes are as distinct as the Kalanga themselves and yet at the same time a combination of all the languages make up the main shona language including the Kalanga themselves. In one of the online dictionary this is what I found.
My family speaks Shona in its flat term, and I have not known or heard any other language from my family members. My grandfather moved from Chivhu near Masvingo (Great Zimbabwe) to Marondera where he bought a farm and settled there, and that became our homeland. His family had 3 surnames, Tsuro (rabit – animal), Moyo (totem which means we cannot eat the heart of an animal), and Mombeshora (cow). My family come from the Rozvi empire, which is the kingship royal empire that built the Great Zimbabwe (so my mother says, I will ask my father to confirm and let you know).
What I know is that Kalanga is not different from the other tribes under the shona umbrella, as their language also contributes to what is shona now. Although all the different distinct tribes not only Kalanga's are fighting to be identified as distinct and actually have control of the affairs of their own regions.
were forced into the newly created Shona identity by the colonial government, an assimilation era that began in 1930. Maswingo & Midlands provinces were also pre-dominantly occupied by the Kalanga speaking people up until the Shona language was imposed on them. Only those in Matebeleland and Botswana as we both agree have managed to retain their identity since its attainment dating back to the 1600s at the beginning of the Moyo-Lozwi empire. Hence why I will always argue against the idea of having it under the shona umbrella.
Phillipah, thank you for your insight. If you don't mind me asking, what group of Shona are your mother and your father from? What do you consider yourself as it relates to ethnicity? Just Shona or a specific sub-group of Shona?
I finally got a response back from my distant Masendu cousin. He says he is a Shona from Wedze in Mashonaland East and that Mwoyo is his family's totem. I'm still not sure what totems are to the Shona, but that is what he told me his is. I assume Mwoyo and Moyo must be identical and are simply of different dialects?
Well as far as i know, Mwoyo is Heart in standard Shona and Moyo is heart in Kalanga. Most people in MaShonaland use Mwoyo as their totem in contrast to those in Matebeleland who use Moyo as their surnames like myself.
Not a problem Damon, you're more than welcome.
You're right by the way I've also heard some people say the Kalanga Dialect in Matabeleland has Ndebele influence. Well if that's the case then how come the Kalanga spoken in Botswana sounds exactly the same? To add they're the largest minority and I know this as I have family there. Also here's another good book you can refer to, I've got the hard cover at home although some pages are available on Google books.
Like most African Americans I speak to on their research with ancestry you've done quite a lot of digging which as I've said its quite impressive, and for that I wish you all the best in your journey. And I know there's a lot more you're gonna discover.
I was born and raised in Bulawayo before immigrating to the UK roughly 18 years ago. I still visit home every now and again. If you ever decide to travel that side for holidays let me know.
Not sure what you think of the politics of an opinion like this, or how prominent or serious Bulawayo24.com is seen in Zimbabwe. But I thought it was an interesting piece, nonetheless, on how people with very strong Kalanga self-identifications view their history and present-day culture. It sounds to me that this writers thinks that if we went by identification here by name instead of language, that the "true" Ndebele would be a truly small number of those who just speak the language, that maybe MOST of the Ndebele-speakers are actually ethnically Kalanga. I found that very interesting as I've been wondering about that, myself, since we began this conversation.
I've been following the writer for a while now, I like his stuff. He has composed some enlightening details about identities in Zimbabwe both historical and political. To a certain extent i do agree with him. The so called Ndebele tribe has always been a small group of people compared to other minorities. It's well documented how many of those clans migrated to Matabeleland in the 1800s. To my knowledge its not even a 1000. Those clans have long intermixed with the indigenous Kalanga/Lozwi hence the ongoing confusion regarding which surname belongs to who. He further states that it was the Ndebele people behind "Ndebelefying everyone in Matabeleland. We both know that's not true. You can even research this yourself. Matabele people have never had any political advancement in Zimbabwe. You have to have certain last name or be born in certain region to run for parliament or even be voted for president.
I agree with the writer that the Kalanga identity should be distinct, i support that argument myself however on the same breath he is calling for a Matabeleland Political party to go against the oppressive Shona regime that's been ruling Zimbabwe since 1980 following the recent elections. I wish i could screen shot some of his posts from FB on here lol.
Back to your point lol Yes Most Ndebele speakers are in fact Kalangas as i did mention something along those lines on our previous messages. One would say it's near to impossible to separate the two.
Obviously, this is him exaggerating. But it can't be denied that that culture and language of the Ndebele overwhelmed the language of the Kalanga if even these Ndebele-speakers are still ethnically/racially Kalanga. It's really hard to argue that the Ndebele haven't had an oversized influence on the Kalanga, when the vast majority of the Kalanga can't even speak their own language, anymore. It sounds to me that that was what he was getting at.
Yes i agee Damon.The Ndebele langauge has overwhelmed most languages in Matebeleland not only Kalangas but others too ; Tonga, Tswana, Venda and so on however my issue with the writer is how he's putting the blame on the so called Ndebeles of whom themselves NEVER had a hand in this doing. They too have lost their sense of culture and identity, from being whatever they were back then to be refered to as Ndebeles.
Very educational this conversation between you, Damon & Mmeli! I was not aware of this Zimbabwe-specific context before but I imagine these themes of language replacement; cultural assimilation; ethnic blending etc.. are also very common for other parts of Africa and in fact the whole world taking a broader perspective.
Ongoing ethnogenesis will of course be different in each place but this phenomenon does impact the ability of DNA testing to come up with socalled "ethnicity estimates". It seems to me that many people have rather unrealistic expectations about how accurate their DNA results might be due to not being aware of these historical processes and how ethnicity, despite certain genetic underpinnings, is also quite fluid and overlapping especially when considering longer time periods. This is something I therefore always underline in my blog posts.
I didn't know about the Kalanga language having clicks, very fascinating! Eventhough only reported as a minimal trace region I did find the 1% "South Central Hunter-Gatherer" score noteworthy as such scores did not appear for any of my other Zimbabwean samples yet (excl. the ones with partial South African lineage).
Would you say that the somewhat subdued "Southeastern Bantu" score you received (when comparing with South African results) does make more sense when considering that possibly it's more so the Abezansi who have retained their genetic Ndebele connection the most? While you despite culturally also identifying as Ndebele would genetically be more so Kalanga?
Eventhough AncestryDNA's regional framework is rather limited I do find that with proper interpretation, awareness of local context as well as knowledge of how other people tend to score you can get additional insights. I find it very disappointing therefore that Ancestry will be canceling this distinction between "Southeastern Bantu" and "Cameroon/Congo" in their upcoming update. In fact it seems they will also be more conservative in their trace region reporting which might lead to the disappearance of your 1% "South Central Hunter-Gatherer" score, which is probably related to very diluted San lineage.
Should be interesting to see how Zimbabwean DNA will be described by 23andme after they have completed their update. It will have two new relevant categories: "Congolese" and "Southern East African". Aside from the "African Hunter-Gatherer" category which used to be confusingly labeled as "Central & South African"., as described on this page. This configuration is bound to be much more informative than it has been up till now, haha. But it might even be an improvement over AncestryDNA when they implement their intended update.
They were the invaders, though. If they "lost" anything, it was by choice. It's really hard to argue an invading people whose culture ends up displacing the indigenous local culture is the loser, particularly in this case with the Kalanaga. Whatever the change in their name or how they viewed themselves now vs. then, there is a cultural continuity with and direct connection to peoples and culture to the south that they still posses. The same can not be said of the people they assimilated.
Every tribe in that region came from somewhere whether through invasion or assimilation.
I'm not justifying their conquer methods at that time. After establishing Matabeleland they too where over thrown by Europeans with the help of Shonas (1893-96). Losing their sense of identity was never by their choice. Matabeles have never had a political stand point in Zimbabwe let alone have a say on the constitution on what identities should be in place. Even now they're trying to push Shona as a national language and identity, and even creating a one party state.
I kinda understand why they would change their estimates. On your spread sheets i read some south african tribes scoring a predominantly south easten bantu, however i recently saw a video of a kenyan who scored 100% south eastern bantu. Somehow i feel they should be some distinction there.


This week we will help out Project Homeless Connect. They need some sleeves sewn into sheets to be used as booth backdrops for their huge event March 20. They gave us 24 but have many more to do. We will work on them on Thursday up until 8pm. If you can, stop by and give a hand.


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Oppo Launches R17 With Triple Cameras in India at Rs. 45,990
Robin John	 Dec 5, 2018
The Oppo R17 was launched back IN August in the Chinese markets. It was mainly known for its VOOC fast charging and of course, the triple rear cameras. Finally, after ample amount of rumors about the Indian launch of the same, Oppo has…
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Common questions / 04/06/2021
What is a normal pulse rate for a child?
Normal Results Children 1 to 2 years old: 80 to 130 beats per minute. Children 3 to 4 years old: 80 to 120 beats per minute. Children 5 to 6 years old: 75 to 115 beats per minute. Children 7 to 9 years old: 70 to 110 beats per minute.
What's the normal resting pulse rate for an 8 year old?
Normal healthy resting pulse rates for 8 year olds. The average resting heart rate (HRrest) for a 8 year old is 87 beats per minute. 8 year old boys average heart rates of 86 bpm while girls average slightly higher at 88 bpm. 90% of 8 year olds resting pulses fall within the range of 68 to 105 bpm.
What's the normal heart rate for a 7 year old?
Children 7 to 9 years old: 70 to 110 beats per minute Children 10 years and older: 60 to 100 beats per minute It's likely that your child's pulse stays within these healthy ranges, even if the pulse feels very fast. Understanding the variations in heart rates and how to properly check your child's rate can…
What's the normal pulse rate for a woman?
The normal pulse rate for women should be 60 to 100 beats per minute. A good pulse rate, however, is considered to be around 60 to 70 beats per minute. A pulse rate that is constantly above 80 needs to be discussed with a doctor. A high pulse rate can indicate an increased risk of a heart attack.
What should my heart rate be for my age?
What should my heart rate be? As per the American Heart Association (AHA), if you are an adult, your heart rate should be in the range of 60 to 100 beats per minute. And if your age is between 6 and 15 years, your heart rate should be anywhere between 70 and 100 per minute.
What is the normal resting heart rate for a child?
A healthy adult heart rate can range from 60 to 100 beats per minute during rest. Kids' heart rates can be as low as 60 beats per minute during sleep and as high as 220 beats per minute during strenuous physical activity. It's normal for athletic kids to have slower resting heart rates, often in the 40s or 50s.
What is the normal respiratory rate for a child?
For children from the age of one to five years old, normal respiration is 20 to 30 breaths per minute, while children who are from six to twelve years old should have a normal respiratory rate that ranges from 12 to 20 breaths per minute.
What is the maximum heart rate for a child?
This tool is not applicable to children; the maximum heart rate in healthy children is about 200 beats per minute, and unless there is just medical cause, there is no need to arbitarily limit the heart rate of a healthy child.
What is the average heart rate for teenagers?
For teenagers (age 13 to 19), a normal resting heart rate is anywhere between 50 and 90 beats per minute.
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