Language is always changing and embracing new words and phrases, but most linguists agree that the internet has sped up the process. A made-up word in a tweet can travel around the country and become old news within 24 hours, which was certainly not the case before. Internet slang is shaping the evolution of language.
Young people especially are quick to adapt their lexicons to the newest trends. There are thousands of examples out there — just check Urban Dictionary — but we're going to explore one social media platform that spawned a variety of linguistic phenomena: Vine.
Vine is a social media app that's basically a short-form video service. Or, it was one, because it has been shut down. It only lasted about four years, but it had a pretty major impact on young people during its lifespan. It launched celebrities and became the source of many, many memes.
Vine was acquired by Twitter in 2012, the year before it was launched to the public. Users uploaded videos called Vines, which had to be six seconds or shorter. If that sounds short, don't worry, because the video would loop so you could watch it over and over. In an era of shortening attention spans and non sequitur comedy, Vine was perfect. It was like a modern equivalent of America's Funniest Home Videos. The app's shutdown in 2016 was because of internal issues rather than a lack of popularity, and fortunately, all of the individual Vines were archived and are still available online.
The format of Vine made it perfect for spawning novel words and phrases. Because each Vine was so short, there were only so many words you could fit. And because they were looped, the language would just repeat and repeat until the phrases were embedded into your consciousness. The social aspect meant that a Vine might be remixed by other famous users, and thus spread even further. To see exactly how this worked, we should look at a case study.
If you know one vine, it is likely the one that spawned the phrase "on fleek." While "fleek" appeared for the first time in 2009, it became really famous in its current usage when said by Vine user Peaches Monroee on June 21, 2014, to describe her eyebrows. It essentially means something is "perfectly done," and it caught on.
"On fleek" is particularly fascinating because, despite some uses of "fleek" before 2014, it basically came out of nowhere. Most new words are evolutions of past ones, but Monroee has said she just pulled the phrase out of thin air. Soon, people on Twitter and Vine were talking about being "on fleek" in any applicable situation. It was mostly used to describe eyebrows to reflect the original usage, but could also describe makeup or hair, and as time went on, it was applied to more concepts.
Not every phrase that Vine spawned became as famous as "on fleek." And yet, because of young people who still watch Vine compilations on YouTube, they have survived to this day. Some of them are used as a kind of in-group identifier — you might quote a Vine to show your internet friends that you're cool and hip. This isn't the typical kind of "jargon" because it's not a necessary form of communication, but it can certainly be fun.
In case you run into any youths who really like Vine, here's a quick primer of phrases you might hear. There are hundreds we could have chosen from, but these are some of the most linguistically fascinating.
Bae and Fam — "Bae" and "Fam" did not originate on Vine, but this Vine does provide a fun, quick analysis of some popular slang. "Bae" is a term of affection for someone you're very close to, and "fam" is a term for your group of friends. Thus, "I thought you were bae. Turns out you were just fam," does a nice job of showing how their meanings differ in intensity.
Balegdah — On the game show You Generation, British singer Jesy Nelson was attempting different accents, which another contestant had to guess. When she was given "Jamaican," she for some reason emitted the odd noise "balegdah." The nonsensical nature of it caught people's attention when it was uploaded to YouTube and Vine. Nelson tried to explain that sometimes when you try to do an accent, you just start spitting out random sounds.
Free Shavacado — This doesn't have much of a meaning, it's just a funny misreading of the phrase "Fresh Avocado." People who watch Vines tend to yell this at each other every once in a while.
It Is Wednesday, My Dudes — On hump day, nothing quite captures the mood like a video of a man wearing goggles and a Spiderman jumpsuit saying "It is Wednesday, my dudes" and then screeching. The Vine, one of many created by JimmyHere, is based on an image of a frog that became popular on Tumblr. Saying it to your friends on Wednesday is a secret handshake for Vine devotees.
Merry Chrysler — In this Vine, Christine Sydelko mispronounces "Merry Christmas" a few times, which sounds dumb but is for some reason hilarious. "Merry Chrysler" has become the new way for Vine lovers to wish each other happy holidays.
Pronouncing Things Incorrectly — Continuing the mispronunciation theme, Vine user Chaz Smith posted many videos of himself pronouncing words wrong. Whether it be "bananas" as "banaynays" or "success" as "suckas," it's a rapidfire tour of how ambiguous English spelling can be.
What are those?! — This question is asked of people whose shoes are dirty or not name brand. Its first use predates Vine, but it was Vine user A-RODney King who uploaded the first famous instance to the app, in which a man yells the phrase at a police officer. The video itself, however, was first uploaded on Instagram, where it didn't get as much attention. It spawned dozens of other Vines, and one person even had the courage to pose the question to Michael Jordan at a Q&A.
Learn some slang in a new language.
What is a meme, exactly? And what do memes tell us about the evolution of human communication?


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Shovel Knight to be updated to version 2.2.1
Posted on 6 years ago by Brian(@NE_Brian) in 3DS eShop, News, Wii U eShop | 0 comments
Yacht Club Games just pushed out a new Shovel Knight update on Steam: version 2.2.1. The patch is intended to implement various fixes.
According to Yacht Club, other systems "will be updating in the near future". We'll let you know when it goes live on Wii U and 3DS. For now, read up on the full patch notes below.
More: indie, Shovel Knight, title update, Yacht Club Games
Yacht Club made Shovel Knight amiibo work in the box due to fan feedback
Posted on 6 years ago by Brian(@NE_Brian) in General Nintendo, News | 5 Comments
All amiibo figures Nintendo have shipped thus far have a protective piece preventing consumers from using them while in the box. However, Yacht Club Games opted for a different approach with Shovel Knight. It's actually possible to scan the character without removing him from the box.
Speaking with Polygon, Yacht Club's David D'Angelo said the team went in this direction due to fan feedback. He explained:
"We got a lot of feedback from fans before release who wanted to be able to scan the amiibo inside the packaging so they could still use the figure [in-game] while keeping it as a collector's item. We didn't see much issue with their request: while you can stand with a 3DS in store and try to scan it — we didn't think that was actually something people would do due to the nature of the content we were making."
Nintendo was completely fine with Yacht Club's decision, and signed off on having Shovel Knight ship without the protective piece.
More: Amiibo, David D'Angelo, interview, Shovel Knight
Yacht Club says the studio would be "silly" not to make another Shovel Knight game
Posted on 6 years ago by Brian(@NE_Brian) in 3DS eShop, News, Wii U eShop | 10 Comments
The latest episode of the 8-4 Play podcast contains an interview with Yacht Club Games' Sean Velasco and David D'Angelo. While speaking about Shovel Knight, the two developers mentioned that they're still developing more content for the game. Once that's done though, the team would be "silly" not to make a sequel. It was also reiterated that a follow-up title could be another NES-style game or something more in line with the SNES or Nintendo 64.
Source, Via
More: David D'Angelo, indie, interview, Sean Velasco, Shovel Knight, Yacht Club Games
Shovel Knight amiibo works in its box
Posted on 6 years ago by Brian(@NE_Brian) in General Nintendo, News | 15 Comments
Many of you are probably aware that Nintendo's line of amiibo figures don't work unless they're taken out of the packaging. Each box comes with a protective piece of material that blocks NFC functionality from being used.
With Shovel Knight, however, this isn't an issue. There's no material to speak of with the new figure. It's not exactly easy to use Shovel Knight while he's still in the box, but it can definitely be done.
More: Amiibo, Shovel Knight
Shovel Knight version 2.2 out now in North America
Posted on 6 years ago by Brian(@NE_Brian) in 3DS eShop, News, Wii U eShop | 1 Comment
With the arrival of the Shovel Knight amiibo, the game itself has received an update. Version 2.2 is out now in North America on both Wii U and 3DS. It's not yet available in Europe, but Yacht Club Games says it "should be rolling out to systems within the next week."
Shovel Knight's 2.2 Update is now live on Wii U and 3DS in US! It was just released so if you had trouble before then give it another try!
— Yacht Club Games (@YachtClubGames) January 8, 2016
Shovel Knight's 2.2 patch also encompasses the 2.1 update, which adds amiibo support. Europe has had access to 2.1 since December while North America has been at 2.0 until today. You can find the notes for the two latest updates after the break.
Shovel Knight pre-orders back up on Amazon
The Shovel Knight amiibo can once again be pre-ordered on Amazon. To get in a reservation, visit the product page here.
The Shovel Knight amiibo launches on Friday.
More: Amazon, Amiibo, pre-order, Shovel Knight
Amazon: Shovel Knight on Wii U for $20
Posted on 6 years ago by Brian(@NE_Brian) in 3DS, News, Wii U | 0 comments
The Wii U version of Shovel Knight (retail) is on sale again over at Amazon
You can save $5 on the game, bringing the price down to $20. The same deal doesn't apply to 3DS sadly!
More: Amazon, sale, Shovel Knight
Shovel Knight version 2.2 due out in the near future
Shovel Knight will soon be getting another update. Version 2.2 is already out on Steam, and will be published on other platforms in the near future, including Wii U and 3DS.
Shovel Knight's latest update introduces a few small aspects, adjustments, and fixes. Head past the break for the full patch notes.
Shovel Knight amiibo's final UK release date is January 8
The UK Shovel Knight amiibo delay is well-known at this point. Thankfully, it won't be much longer until the figure is officially available in the country. Yacht Club Games confirmed on Twitter moments ago that Shovel Knight is now slated for January 8.
If you ordered a Shovel Knight amiibo in the UK: SK has finally cleared the checkpoint known as customs. The new release date is January 8th
— Yacht Club Games (@YachtClubGames) December 23, 2015
Shovel Knight amiibo pre-orders live on Best Buy
Best Buy has opened up pre-orders for the Shovel Knight amiibo. You can reserve the figure by putting in an order here. The Shovel Knight amiibo is due out on January 8.
More: Amiibo, pre-order, Shovel Knight
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how does that make you feel Mar. 9, 2018
Why Do I Still Feel Guilty for Ghosting My Therapist?
By Allie Volpe
Photo: Logan Bannatyne/LoLoStock/Getty Images
Guilt and I are pretty well-acquainted. I'm constantly plagued by feelings of self-condemnation stemming from events past and present — that time I took a Sharpie to my sister's wardrobe during adolescence (I was pissed), that other time I canceled one of two gym memberships I held concurrently (who needs two gyms?). These are things that I've long since put behind me, but every so often, the guilt will arrive without warning.
So I wasn't surprised at the familiar sensation of warm shame that recently melted over me when I received a text message from a therapist I hadn't seen in about a year, to let me know she was retiring. It wasn't the content of the message that got to me, nor was it the length of time that had elapsed since we'd last spoken. It was the status of our relationship: I'd ghosted her.
As someone who's also well-acquainted with the act of ghosting — that is, suddenly disappearing on a relationship with no prior warning or discussion — I understand that it's wrong. I know firsthand that it doesn't feel good to be on the receiving end. And I get that doing it myself is a sign that I need to work on my communication skills. But still, after a session where I'd felt particularly judged, I didn't tell my therapist how I felt. Instead, I hit the road.
Ghosting your therapist isn't that uncommon. Ryan Howes, a psychologist based in Pasadena, California, says about 80 percent of his clients end their therapy this way. "I'll get a phone call from someone saying, 'I'm not going to be able to make it next week and I'll call you when I'm ready to make the next appointment,' and I never hear from them again," he says.
That could be due to the fact that most of us aren't well-equipped to deal with endings, he adds: "People who haven't had much experience with a good ending are afraid of any ending, and they try to preemptively cut it off." Think about it — pulling the plug on any relationship is bittersweet at best, and often messy. It forces an uncomfortable conversation.
Without that conversation, though, we miss that sense of closure, especially within an intimate relationship like with a therapist. For this reason, some therapists will attempt to ward off ghosting when they take on a new client. "When I begin therapy, I have people sign [a document] explaining that I hope they will have a final session before they end," says Washington, D.C., psychotherapist Elisabeth Joy LaMotte. "In the first session, I encourage people that they don't have to worry about my feelings. If I say or do something they don't like, I hope they'll tell me afterwards."
Keeping quiet and disappearing signals a lost opportunity for further therapeutic work, LaMotte adds. Any time a client expresses frustration, it's a chance for growth and for feedback. When you don't communicate the root of your concerns and instead opt to flee as I did, you miss that teachable moment for both patient and counselor.
And LaMotte points out that in counseling situations, where discussing emotions is par for the course, your therapist will let you down at some point. It's the nature of therapy. "If you can let someone know how they've disappointed you," LaMotte says, "and hear something from their feedback and from their apology or from their insights, that leads you to, on one level, feel respected and heard and validated." Part of the reason I feel so guilty, in other words, is probably because I know deep down that what I imagine as a squirmy, cringeworthy scenario would likely have actually been a healthy, mutually beneficial exchange.
Howes tells me I shouldn't be too hard on myself. "I put a lot of blame of that on therapists," he says. "Therapists should be teaching clients how important it is to have clear communication" — including how to communicate endings. Since therapy shouldn't go on forever, it's important to discuss up front how long the relationship will exist and what its conclusion will look like. "[Therapists are] supposed to be professional communicators," Howes says. "If we're not creating an environment where we're giving the clients the tools to know how to do that, a good part of that ghosting falls on us."
That's a little soothing, but I know I'm still not absolved. I'm listening to my guilt this time, and opting to be less flaky. While I didn't tell my former therapist why I'd ghosted her, I did text her back wishing her the best in retirement. I also told my current therapist, inspired by that text conversation, that I would never ghost her, that I respected our time and work together too much. She seemed thankful for the gesture. One less thing to feel guilty about.
How to Know When It's Time to Leave Your Therapist


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Home DESTINATIONS ASIA PACIFIC Busan MICE will change in 2022 to lead global MICE
Busan MICE will change in 2022 to lead global MICE
SEOUL, 25 January 2022: Busan Metropolitan City and Busan Tourism Organization (BTO) declares 2022 as the year it will become the global MICE city in the post-Covid-19 era and accelerate its sustainable MICE project, including ESG* management.
Expectations are high this year as more international conferences are scheduled to meet in Busan, attracting thousands of overseas delegates.
※ ESG management, an abbreviation for Environment · Social · Governance, refers to overall management activities related to environment-friendly and social responsibility.
@ MICE representative city Busan.
Entering the third year of Covid-19, the MICE industry in Busan is expected to move as vigorously as before the pandemic. To gradually recover the MICE industry, Busan has built a MICE infrastructure optimized for hybrid online and offline events and completed its vision of a "super-connected hub of the MICE industry."
Along with "Busan! Again" campaign, Busan will establish an internal and external consultation system and actively attract and hold small-scale VIP events and mid-to-large-scale hybrid MICE events.
In addition, it will focus investment and support on the sustainability of the Busan MICE industry (ESG management).
They plan to hold briefing sessions and joint campaigns so that organizers and participants can take part in ESG management.
Haeundae International Conference Complex (HAEVENUE) will improve travel convenience between integrated facilities by expanding accessibility, such as linking eco-friendly personal means of transportation, as a hub for MICE in Busan.
Several improvements and support projects for HAEVENUE are waiting in line.
From this year, the Busan MICE Alliance (BMA), a consultative body of MICE institutions and companies which aims to become a driving force of Busan MICE, will change drastically.
Previously, MICE-related companies, organizations, and institutions located in Busan were able to join without any sort of process, but from 2022, the minimum verification criteria for actual operational capabilities, such as the capacity for holding MICE-related events, must be satisfied. The reason for introducing the minimum verification process, such as evaluation and approval of the operating committee, is to strengthen the practical networking BMA and to create new synergies with domestic and overseas MICE-related organizations.
@ 2021 BUSAN MICE ALLIANCE DAY.
The MICE support programme has also been reinforced to provide more practical benefits to the organizers and participants in the pandemic situation. The programs include three areas: △international conferences, corporate incentives, and tourism. For international conferences, hybrid online and offline international conferences are also supported if more than 10% of the total participants take part offline. For corporate incentives and corporate conferences, up to 50 million won will be provided to attract and host an event. For tourism, up to 3 million won for actual expenses will be supported, which includes tour buses and interpreters for international conferences with 10 or more foreign participants.
Some international conferences have already chosen Busan as the "optimal MICE destination." The organizers of the conferences postponed due to COVID-19, such as the 2022 General Assembly International Astronomical Union (IAU) and the 2022 International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations (FIATA) World Congress, as well as the mega-scale conferences including the Asian Patent Attorneys Association Council Meeting 2022 and the 2022 International Council of Combustion Engines (CIMAC) Congress started to prepare the event in Busan in full swing.
The IAU and FIATA World Congresses are scheduled to be held in Busan in 2020, and 2021 (more than 3,000 participants from 100 countries each) switched to a hybrid-type event this year due to prolonged COVID-19.
In addition, seven large international conferences with more than 1,000 people are scheduled to be held in Busan in 2022: the 18th IFSES World Congress of Endoscopic Surgery, the Asian Patent Attorneys Association (APAA) Council Meeting 2022, and the 2022 International Council of Combustion Engines Congress.
@ The view of Busan Port, where the 2022 International Federation of Freight Forwarders.
An official from BTO said, "As the landscape of the MICE industry at home and abroad has been changing rapidly for the last three years of the COVID-19 crisis, it is necessary to support not only the conference and exhibition infrastructure that can be used both online and offline, but also tourism resources such as Unique Venues. Entering the post-COVID-19 era in 2022, Busan will take an opportunity to make it the first year of MICE innovation, ensuring the city emerge as one of the world's top MICE destinations."
(Your Stories: Bussan Tourism Organisation)
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Cladocarpus anonymus is een hydroïdpoliep uit de familie Aglaopheniidae. De poliep komt uit het geslacht Cladocarpus. Cladocarpus anonymus werd in 1992 voor het eerst wetenschappelijk beschreven door Ramil & Vervoort.

Aglaopheniidae

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2mins Vital warning system absent in Bryant's chopper
2mins Government recommends Homoeopathy, Ayurveda to 'prevent' coronavirus infection
Vellore Corporation seals six shops for non-payment of rent
VELLORE, January 09, 2020 01:23 IST
Corporation ofiicials sealing a defaulter's shop in Vellore on Wednesday. | Photo Credit: C. VENKATACHALAPATHY
Three shops at Sathuvachari complex and three others at Nethaji Market had dues of ₹3.3 cr.
Six shops — three in Sathuvachari commercial complex and three in Nethaji Market — were sealed by the Vellore Corporation for non-payment of rent for a couple of years on Wednesday.
According to a a Corporation official, ₹1.95 lakh was due from the three traders in Sathuvachari. The official said that several reminders seeking payment of rent were issued as per the existing rules, but were not complied with.
The team then proceeded to Nethaji Market to seal three more shops, which owed ₹1.35 lakh. The team led by N. Madhivanan, Assistant Commissioner for Zone 2, Vellore Corporation, directed officials to take action against the defaulters and ordered for shops to be sealed.
"This is not an isolated case of a defaulter's shop being sealed. On earlier occasions, many traders have come forward to remit rental dues after their shops were sealed," said an official. He added that the defaulting traders have to pay a penalty over and above the rental dues.
There are about 2,500 shops inside the Corporation limits and many traders have not been paying rent for years. In a recent review meeting held at Chennai, the municipalities and town panchayats have been asked to improve and generate their own sources of income. Collecting property tax and rental payments from shops and commercial establishments are hence being given priority now.
This action will continue until all dues are collected for the financial year, the official added.
Related Topics Cities Puducherry Chennai
Previous Story Officials to distribute Pongal gift hampers to Negnamalai cardholders on donkeys
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Printable version | Jan 29, 2020 10:45:11 PM | https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/vellore-corporation-seals-six-shops-for-non-payment-of-rent/article30518092.ece
Rain Centre to support rainwater harvesting initiatives in Chennai's government-aided institutions
The voluntary organisation is working at SDNB Vaishnav College, Chromepet and Ethiraj College among others, to make them self-reliant for their water needs
K. Lakshmi
Next Story » Three held in connection with changing room video clip


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Q: Is "ignorably" a word? I would like to use ignorably as the adverb of ignorable but I am not sure whether this is correct. I did not find ignorably in any online dictionary.
To give the context: Normally, you cannot ignore a thrown exception in programming: You are forced to handle it if you want to make you program work correctly. I have a method that does something similar to throwing an exception but you are not forced to handle it immediately. So my question is whether the following sentence is possible: An exception was thrown ignorably.

A: The meaning of the word would be clear but it is completely nonstandard. If I saw a method named "ThrowExceptionIgnorably" during a code review I would probably call it out and ask the programmer to change the name. But if they insisted I would let it slide.
Alternatives:

*

*ThrowIgnoredException

*ThrowUncaughtException

*RethrowException

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"Played Out!"
Liberal Republican Movement
Cartoonist:
Thomas Nast
June 15, 1872, p. 468
Click for image enlargement and complete HarpWeek explanation >
September found the Greeley presidential campaign to be a deeply dispirited enterprise of weirdly dissimilar factions, the leaders of which were hoping against hope to bring down the incumbent Republican war-hero in the White House, U.S. Grant. Nast's "Key-Note of the Campaign" is a virtuoso display of portrait caricature amidst a carnival of depression, alarm, frustration, anger, nausea, and mortification. A central point in the cartoon is that the plans of the Liberal-Republican progenitor, Senator Carl Schurz (seated at the piano), have gone seriously awry. Schurz had been exceedingly surprised and disheartened by Greeley's nomination, but had stoically joined the campaign.
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Full Summary
Chapter One: Steinbeck begins the novel with a description of the dust bowl climate of Oklahoma. The dust was so thick that men and women had to remain in their houses, and when they had to leave they tied handkerchiefs over their faces and wore goggles to protect their eyes. After the wind had stopped, an even blanket of dust covered the earth. The corn crop was ruined. Everybody wondered what they would do. The women and children knew that no misfortune was too great to bear if their men were whole, but the men had not yet figured out what to do.
Chapter Two: A man approaches a small diner where a large red transport truck is parked. The man is under thirty, with dark brown eyes and high cheekbones. He wore new clothes that don't quite fit. The truck driver exits from the diner and the man asks him for a ride, despite the "No Riders" sticker on the truck. The man claims that sometimes a guy will do a good thing even when a rich bastard makes him carry a sticker, and the driver, feeling trapped by the statement, lets the man have a ride. While driving, the truck driver asks questions, and the man finally gives his name, Tom Joad. The truck driver claims that guys do strange things when they drive trucks, such as make up poetry, because of the loneliness of the job. The truck driver claims that his experience driving has trained his memory and that he can remember everything about a person he passes. Realizing that the truck driver is pressing for information, Tom finally admits that he had just been released from McAlester prison for homicide. He had been sentenced to seven years and was released after only four, for good behavior.
Chapter Three: At the side of the roadside, a turtle crawled, dragging his shell over the grass. He came to the embankment at the road and, with great effort, climbed onto the road. As the turtle attempts to cross the road, it is nearby hit by a sedan. A truck swerves to hit the turtle, but its wheel only strikes the edge of its shell and spins it back off the highway. The turtle lays on its back, but finally pulls itself over.
Chapter Four: After getting out of the truck, Tom Joad begins walking home. He sees the turtle of the previous chapter and picks it up. He stops in the shade of a tree to rest and meets a man who sits there, singing "Jesus is My Savior." The man, Jim Casy, had a long, bony frame and sharp features. A former minister, he recognizes Tom immediately. He was a "Burning Busher" who used to "howl out the name of Jesus to glory," but he lost the calling because he has too many sinful ideas that seem sensible. Tom tells Casy that he took the turtle for his little brother, and he replies that nobody can keep a turtle, for they eventually just go off on their own. Casy claims that he doesn't know where he's going now, and Tom tells him to lead people, even if he doesn't know where to lead them. Casy tells Tom that part of the reason he quit preaching was that he too often succumbed to temptation, having sex with many of the girls he Њsaved.' Finally he realized that perhaps what he was doing wasn't a sin, and there isn't really sin or virtue there are simply things people do.
He realized he didn't Њknow Jesus,' he merely knew the stories of the Bible. Tom tells Casy why he was in jail: he was at a dance drunk, and got in a fight with a man. The man cut Tom with a knife, so he hit him over the head with a shovel. Tom tells him that he was treated relatively well in McAlester. He ate regularly, got clean clothes and bathed. He even tells about how someone broke his parole to go back. Tom tells how his father Њstole' their house. There was a family living there that moved away, so his father, uncle and grandfather cut the house in two and dragged part of it first, only to find that Wink Manley took the other half. They get to the boundary fence of their property, and Tom tells him that they didn't need a fence, but it gave Pa a feeling that their forty acres was forty acres. Tom and Casy get to the house: something has happened nobody is there.
Chapter Five: This chapter describes the coming of the bank representatives to evict the farmers. Some of the men were kind because they knew how cruel their job was, while some were angry because they hated to be cruel, and others were merely cold and hardened by their job. They are mostly pawns of a system that they can merely obey. The tenant system has become untenable for the banks, for one man on a tractor can take the place of a dozen families. The farmers raise the possibility of armed insurrection, but what would they fight against? They will be murderers if they stay, fighting against the wrong targets.
Steinbeck describes the arrival of the tractors. They crawled over the ground, cutting the earth like surgery and violating it like rape. The tractor driver does his job simply out of necessity: he has to feed his kids, even if it comes at the expense of dozens of families. Steinbeck dramatizes a conversation between a truck driver and an evicted tenant farmer. The farmer threatens to kill the driver, but even if he does so, he will not stop the bank. Another driver will come. Even if the farmer murders the president of the bank and board of directors, the bank is controlled by the East. There is no effective target which could prevent the evictions.
Chapter Six: Casy and Tom approached the Joad home. The house was mashed at one corner and appeared deserted. Casy says that it looks like the arm of the Lord had struck. Tom can tell that Ma isn't there, for she would have never left the gate unhooked. They only see one resident (the cat), but Tom wonders why the cat didn't go to find another family if his family had moved, or why the neighbors hadn't taken the rest of the belongings in the house. Muley Graves approaches, a short, lean old man with the truculent look of an ornery child. Muley tells Tom that his mother was worrying about him. His family was evicted, and had to move in with his Uncle John. They were forced to chop cotton to make enough money to go west. Casy suggests going west to pick grapes in California. Muley tells Tom and Casy that the loss of the farm broke up his family his wife and kids went off to California, while Muley chose to stay. He has been forced to eat wild game. He muses about how angry he was when he was told he had to get off the land. First he wanted to kill people, but then his family left and Muley was left alone and wandering. He realized that he is used to the place, even if he has to wander the land like a ghost. Tom tells them that he can't go to California, for it would mean breaking parole. According to Tom, prison has not changed him significantly. He thinks that if he saw Herb Turnbull, the man he killed, coming after him with a knife again, he would still hit him with the shovel. Tom tells them that there was a man in McAlester that read a great deal about prisons and told him that they started a long time ago and now cannot be stopped, despite the fact that they do not actually rehabilitate people. Muley tells them that they have to hide, for they are trespassing on the land. They have to hide in a cave for the night.
Chapter Seven: The car dealership owners look at their customers. They watch for weaknesses, such as a woman who wants an expensive car and can push her husband into buying one. They attempt to make the customers feel obliged. The proffts come from selling jalopies, not from new and dependable cars. There are no guarantees, hidden costs and obvious flaws.
Chapter Eight: Tom and Casy reach Uncle John's farm. They remark that Muley's lonely and covert lifestyle has obviously driven him insane. According to Tom, his Uncle John is equally crazy, and wasn't expected to live long, yet is older than his father. Still, he is tougher and meaner than even Grampa, hardened by losing his young wife years ago. They see Pa Joad fixing the truck. When he sees Tom, he assumes that he broke out of jail. They go in the house and see Ma Joad, a heavy woman thick with child-bearing and work. Her face was controlled and kindly. She worries that Tom went mad in prison. This chapter also introduces Grampa and Granma Joad. She is as tough as he is, once shooting her husband while she was speaking in tongues. Noah Joad, Tom's older brother, is a strange man, slow and withdrawn, with little pride and few urges. He may have been brain damaged at childbirth. The family has dinner, and Casy says grace. He talks about how Jesus went off into the wilderness alone, and how he did the same. Yet what Casy concluded was that mankind was holy. Pa tells Tom about Al, his sixteen-year old brother, who is concerned with little more than girls and cars. He hasn't been at home at night for a week. His sister Rosasharn has married Connie Rivers, and is several months pregnant. They have two hundred dollars for their journey.
Chapter Nine: This chapter describes the process of selling belongings. The items pile up in the yard, selling for ridiculously low prices. Whatever is not sold must be burned, even items of sentimental value that simply cannot be taken on the journey for lack of space.
Chapter Ten: Ma Joad tells Tom that she is concerned about going to California, worried that it won't turn out well, for the only information they have is from flyers they read. Casy asks to accompany them to California. He wants to work in the fields, where he can listen to people rather than preach to them. Tom says that preaching is a tone of voice and a style, being good to people when they don't respond to it. Pa and Uncle John return with the truck, and prepare to leave. The two children, twelve-year old Ruthie and ten-year old Winfield are there with their older sister, Rose of Sharon (Rosasharn) and her husband. They discuss how Tom can't leave the state because of his parole. They have a family conference that night and discuss a number of issues: they decide to allow Casy to go with them, since it's the only right thing for them to do. They continue with preparations, killing the pigs to have food to take with them. While Casy helps out Ma Joad with food preparation, he remarks to Tom that she looks tired, as if she is sick. Ma Joad looks through her belongings, going through old letters and clippings she had saved. She has to place them in the fire. Before they leave, Muley Graves stops to say goodbye. Noah tells him that he's going to die out in the field if he stays, but Muley accepts his fate. Grampa refuses to leave, so they decide to give him medicine that will knock him out and take him with them.
Chapter Eleven: The houses were left vacant. Only the tractor sheds of gleaming iron and silver were alive. Yet when the tractors are at rest the life goes out of them. The work is easy and efficient, so easy that the wonder goes out of the work and so efficient that the wonder goes out of the land and the working of it. In the tractor man there grows the contempt that comes to a stranger who has little understanding and no relation to the land. The abandoned houses slowly fall apart.
Chapter Twelve: Highway 66 is the main migrant road stretching from the Mississippi to Bakersfield, California. It is a road of flight for refugees from the dust and shrinking land. The people streamed out on 66, possibly breaking down in their undependable cars on the way. Yet the travelers face obstacles. California is a big state, but not big enough to support all of the workers who are coming. The border patrol can turn people back. The high wages that are promised may be false.
Chapter Thirteen: The Joads continue on their travels. Al remarks that they may have trouble getting over mountains in their car, which can barely support its weight. Grampa Joad wakes up and insists that he's not going with them. They stop at a gas station where the owner automatically assumes they are broke, and tells them that people often stop, begging for gas. The owner claims that fifty cars per day go west, but wonders what they expect when they reach their destination. He tells how one family traded their daughter's doll for some gas. Casy wonders what the nation is coming to, since people seem unable to make a decent living. Casy says that he used to use his energy to fight against the devil, believing that the devil was the enemy. However, now he believes that there's something worse. The Joad's dog wanders from the car and is run over in the road. They continue on their journey and begin to worry when they reach the state line. However, Tom reassures them that he is only in danger if he commits a crime. Otherwise, nobody will know that he has broken his parole by leaving the state. On their next stop for the night, the Joads meet the Wilsons, a family from Kansas that is going to California. Grampa complains of illness, and weeps. The family thinks that he may suffer a stroke. Granma tells Casy to pray for Grampa, even if he is no longer a preacher. Suddenly Grampa starts twitching and slumps. He dies. The Joads face a choice: they can pay fifty dollars for a proper burial for him or have him buried a pauper. They decide to bury Grampa themselves and leave a note so that people don't assume he was murdered. The Wilsons help them bury Grampa. They write a verse from scripture on the note on his grave. After burying Grampa, they have Casy say a few words. The reactions to the death are varied. Rose of Sharon comforts Granma, while Uncle John is curiously unmoved by the turn of events. Casy admits that he knew Grampa was dying, but didn't say anything because he couldn't have helped. He blames the separation from the land for Grampa's death. The Joads and the Sairy Wilson decide to help each other on the journey by spreading out the load between their two cars so that both families will make it to California.
Chapter Fourteen: The Western States are nervous about the impending changes, including the widening government, growing labor unity, and strikes. However, they do not realize that these are results of change and not causes of it. The cause is the hunger of the multitude. The danger that they face is that the people's problems have moved from "I" to "we."
Chapter Fifteen: This chapter begins with a description of the hamburger stands and diners on Route 66. The typical diner is run by a usually irritated woman who nevertheless becomes friendly when truck drivers consistent customers who can always pay enter. The more wealthy travelers drop names and buy vanity products. The owners of the diners complain about the migrating workers, who can't pay and often steal. A family comes in, wanting to buy a loaf of bread. The one owner, Mae, tells them that they're not a grocery store, but Al, the other, tells them to just sell the bread. Mae sells the family candy for reduced prices. Mae and Al wonder what such families will do once they reach California.
Chapter Sixteen: The Joads and the Wilsons continue on their travels. Rose of Sharon discusses with her mother what they will do when they reach California. She and Connie want to live in a town, where he can get a job in a store or a factory. He wants to study at home, possibly taking a radio correspondence course. There is a rattling in the Wilson's car, so Al is forced to pull over. There are problems with the motor. Sairy Wilson tells them that they should go on ahead without them, but Ma Joad refuses, telling them that they are like family now and they won't desert them. Tom says that he and Casy will stay with the truck if everyone goes on ahead. They'll fix the car and then move on. Only Ma objects. She refuses to go, for the only thing that they have left is each other and she will not break up the family even momentarily. When everyone else objects to her, she even picks up a jack handle and threatens them. Tom and Casy try to fix the car, and Casy remarks about how he has seen so many cars moving west, but no cars going east. Casy predicts that all of the movement and collection of people in California will change the country. The two of them stay with the car while the family goes ahead. Before they leave, Al tells Tom that Ma is worried that he will do something that might break his parole. Granma has been going crazy, yelling and talking to herself.
Al asks Tom about what he felt when he killed a man. Tom admits that prison has a tendency to drive a man insane. Tom and Al find a junkyard where they find a part to replace the broken con-rod in the Wilson's car. The one-eyed man working at the junkyard complains about his boss, and says that he might kill him. Tom tells off the one-eyed man for blaming all of his problems on his eye, and then criticizes Al for his constant worry that people will blame him for the car breaking down. Tom, Casy and Al rejoin the rest of the family at a campground not far away. To stay at the campground, the three would have to pay an additional charge, for they would be charged with vagrancy if they slept out in the open. Tom, Casy and Uncle John eventually decide to go on ahead and meet up with everyone else in the morning. A ragged man at the camp, when he hears that the Joads are going to pick oranges in California, laughs. The man, who is returning from California, tells how the handbills are a fraud. They ask for eight hundred people, but get several thousand people who want to work. This drives down wages. The proprietor of the campground suspects that the ragged man is trying to stir up trouble for labor.
Chapter Seventeen: A strange thing happened for the migrant laborers. During the day, as they traveled, the cars were separate and lonely, yet in the evening a strange thing happened: at the campgrounds where they stayed the twenty or so families became one. Their losses and their concerns became communal. The families were at first timid, but they gradually built small societies within the campgrounds, with codes of behavior and rights that must be observed. For transgressions, there were only two punishments: violence or ostracism. Leaders emerged, generally the wise elders. The various families found connections to one another
Chapter Eighteen: When the Joads reach Arizona, a border guard stops them and nearly turns them back, but does let them continue. They eventually reach the desert of California. The terrain is barren and desolate. While washing themselves during a stop, the Joads encounter migrant workers who want to turn back. They tell them that the Californians hate the migrant workers. A good deal of the land is owned by the Land and Cattle Company that leaves the land largely untouched. Sheriffs push around migrant workers, whom they derisively call "Okies." Noah tells Tom that he is going to leave everyone, for they don't care about him. Although Tom protests, Noah leaves them. Granma remains ill, suffering from delusions. She believes that she sees Grampa. A Jehovite woman visits their tent to help Granma, and tells Ma that she will die soon. The woman wants to organize a prayer meeting, but Ma orders them not to do so. Nevertheless, soon she can hear from a distance chanting and singing that eventually descends into crying. Granma whines with the whining, then eventually falls asleep. Rose of Sharon wonders where Connie is. Deputies come to the tent and tell Ma that they cannot stay there and that they don't want any Okies around. Tom returns to the tent after the policeman leaves, and is glad that he wasn't there; he admits that he would have hit the cop. He tells Ma about Noah. The Wilsons decide to remain even if they face arrest, since Sairy is too sick to leave without any rest. Sairy asks Casy to say a prayer for her. The Joads move on, and at a stop a boy remarks how hard-looking Okies are and how they are less than human. Uncle John speaks with Casy, worried that he brings bad luck to people. Connie and Rose of Sharon need privacy. Yet again the Joads are pulled over for inspection, but Ma Joad insists that they must continue because Granma needs medical attention. The next morning when they reach the orange groves, Ma tells them that Granma is dead. She died before they were pulled over for inspection.
Chapter Nineteen: California once belonged to Mexico and its land to the Mexicans. But a horde of tattered feverish American poured in, with such great hunger for the land that they took it. Farming became an industry as the Americans took over. They imported Chinese, Japanese, Mexican and Filipino workers who became essentially slaves. The owners of the farms ceased to be farmers and became businessmen. They hated the Okies who came because they could not profft from them. Other laborers hated the Okies because they pushed down wages. While the Californians had aspirations of social success and luxury, the barbarous Okies only wanted land and food. Hoovervilles arose at the edge of every town. The Okies were forced to secretly plant gardens in the evenings. The deputies overreacted to the Okies, spurred by stories that an eleven year old Okie shot a deputy. The great owners realized that when property accumulates in too few hands it is taken away and that when a majority of the people are hungry and cold they will take by force what they need.
Chapter Twenty: The Joads take Granma to the Bakersfield coroner's office. They can't afford a funeral for her. They go to a camp to stay and ask about work. They ask a bearded man if he owns the camp and whether they can stay, and he replies with the same question to them. A younger man tells them that the crazy old man is called the Mayor. According to the man, the Mayor has likely been pushed by the police around so much that he's been made bull-simple (crazy). The police don't want them to settle down, for then they could draw relief, organize and vote. The younger man tells them about the handbill fraud, and Tom suggests that everybody organize so that they could guarantee higher wages. The man warns Tom about the blacklist. If he is labeled an agitator he will be prevented from getting from anybody. Tom talks to Casy, who has recently been relatively quiet. Casy says that the people unorganized are like an army without a harness. Casy says that he isn't helping out the family and should go off by himself. Tom tries to convince him to stay at least until the next day, and he relents. Connie regrets his decision to come with the Joads. He says that if he had stayed in Oklahoma he could have worked as a tractor driver. When Ma is fixing dinner, groups of small children approach, asking for food. The children tell the Joads about Weedpatch, a government camp that is nearby where no cops can push people around and there is good drinking water. Al goes around looking for girls, and brags about how Tom killed a man. Al meets a man named Floyd Knowles, who tells them that there was no steady work. A woman reprimands Ma Joad for giving her children stew. Al brings Floyd back to the family, where he says that there will be work up north around Santa Clara Valley. He tells them to leave quietly, because everyone else will follow after the work. Al wants to go with Floyd no matter what. A man arrives in a Chevrolet coupe, wearing a business suit. He tells them about work picking fruit around Tulare County. Floyd tells the man to show his license -this is one of the tricks that the contractor uses. Floyd points out some of the dirty tactics that the contractor is using, such as bringing along a cop. The cop forces Floyd into the car and says that the Board of Health might want to shut down their camp. Floyd punched the cop and ran off. As the deputy chased after him, Tom tripped him. The deputy raised his gun to shoot Floyd and fires indiscriminately, shooting a woman in the hand. Suddenly Casy kicked the deputy in the back of the neck, knocking him unconscious. Casy tells Tom to hide, for the contractor saw him trip the deputy. More officers come to the scene, and they take away Casy, who has a faint smile and a look of pride. Rose of Sharon wonders where Connie has gone. She has not seen him recently. Uncle John admits that he had five dollars. He kept it to get drunk. Uncle John gives them the five in exchange for two, which is enough for him. Al tells Rose of Sharon that he saw Connie, who was leaving. Pa claims that Connie was too big for his overalls, but Ma scolds him, telling him to act respectfully, as if Connie were dead. Because the cops are going to burn the camp tonight, they have to leave. Tom goes to find Uncle John, who has gone off to get drunk. Tom finds him by the river, singing morosely. He claims that he wants to die. Tom has to hit him to make him come. Rose of Sharon wants to wait for Connie to return. They leave the camp, heading north toward the government camp.
Chapter Twenty-One: The hostility that the migrant workers faced changed them. They were united as targets of hostility, and this unity made the little towns of Hoovervilles defend themselves. There was panic when the migrants multiplied on the highways. The California residents feared them, thinking them dirty, ignorant degenerates and sexual maniacs. The number of migrant workers caused the wages to go down. The owners invented a new method: the great owners bought canneries, where they kept the price of fruit down to force smaller farmers out. The owners did not know that the line between hunger and anger is a thin one.
Chapter Twenty-Two: The Joads reach the government camp, where they are surprised to find that there are toilets and showers and running water. The watchman at the camp explains some of the other features of the camp: there is a central committee elected by the camp residents that keeps order and makes rules, and the camp even holds dance nights. The next morning, two camp residents (Timothy and Wilkie Wallace) give Tom breakfast and tell him about work. When they reach the fields where they are to work, Mr. Thomas, the contractor, tells them that he is reducing wages from thirty to twenty-five cents per hour. It is not his choice, but rather orders from the Farmers' Association, which is owned by the Bank of the West. Thomas also shows them a newspaper, which has a story about a band of citizens who burn a squatters' camp, infuriated by presumed communist agitation, and warns them about the dance at the government camp on Saturday night. There will be a fight in the camp so that the deputies can go in. The Farmers' Association dislikes the government camps because the people in the camps become used to being treated humanely and are thus harder to handle. Tom and the Wallaces vow to make sure that there won't be a fight.
While they work, Wilkie tells Tom that the complaints about agitators are false. According to the rich owners, any person who wants thirty cents an hour instead of twenty-five is a red. Back at the camp, Ruthie and Winfield explore the camp, and are fascinated by the toilets they are frightened by the flushing sound. Ma Joad makes the rest of the family clean themselves up before the Ladies Committee comes to visit her. Jim Rawley, the camp manager, introduces himself to the Joads and tells them some of the features of the camp. Rose of Sharon goes to take a bath, and learns that a nurse visits the camp every week and can help her deliver the baby when it is time. Ma remarks that she no longer feels ashamed, as she had when they were constantly harassed by the police. Lisbeth Sandry, a religious zealot, speaks with Rose of Sharon about the alleged sin that goes on during the dances, and complains about people putting on stage plays, which she calls Њsin and delusion and devil stuff.' The woman even blames playacting for a mother dropping her child. Rose of Sharon becomes frightened upon hearing this, fearing that she will drop her child. Jessie Bullitt, the head of the Ladies Committee, gives Ma Joad a tour of the camp and explains some of the problems. Jessie bickers with Ella Summers, the previous committee head. The children play and bicker. Pa comforts Uncle John, who still wants to leave, thinking that he will bring the family punishment. Ma Joad confronts Lisbeth Sandry for frightening Rose and for preaching that every action is sinful. Ma becomes depressed about all of the losses Granma and Grampa, John and Connie because she now has leisure time to think about such things.
Chapter Twenty-Three: The migrant workers looked for amusement wherever they could find it, whether in jokes or stories for amusement. They told stories of heroism in taming the land against the Indians, or about a rich man who pretended to be poor and fell in love with a rich woman who was also pretending to be poor. The workers took small pleasures in playing the harmonica or a more precious guitar or fiddle, or even in getting drunk.
Chapter Twenty-Four: The rumors that the police were going to break up the dance reached the camp. According to Ezra Huston, the chairman of the Central Committee, this is a frequent tactic that the police use. Huston tells Willie Eaton, the head of the entertainment committee, that if he must hit a deputy, do so where they won't bleed. The camp members say that the Californians hate them because the migrants might draw relief without paying income tax, but they refute this, claiming that they pay sales tax and tobacco tax. At the dance, Willie Eaton approaches Tom and tells him where to watch for intruders. Ma comforts Rose of Sharon, who is depressed about Connie. Tom finds the intruders at the dance, but the intruders begin a fight and immediately the police enter the camp. Huston confronts the police about the intruders, asking who paid them. They only admit that they have to make money somehow. Once the problem is defused, the dance goes on without any problems.
Chapter Twenty-Five: Spring is beautiful in California, for behind the fruitfulness of the trees in the orchards are men of understanding who experiment with the seeds and crops to defend them against insects and disease. Yet the fruits become rotten and soft. The rotten grapes are still used for wine, even if contaminated with mildew and formic acid. The rationale is that it is good enough for the poor to get drunk. The decay of the fruit spreads over the state. The men who have created the new fruits cannot create a system whereby the fruits may be eaten. There is a crime here that goes beyond denunciation, a sorrow that weeping cannot symbolize. Children must die from pellagra because the profft cannot be taken from an orange.
Chapter Twenty-Six: One evening, Ma Joad watches Winfield as he sleeps; he writhes as he sleeps, and he seems discolored. In the month that the Joads have been in Weedpatch, Tom has had only five days of work, and the rest of the men have had none. Ma worries because Rose of Sharon is close to delivering her baby. Ma reprimands them for becoming discouraged. She tells them that in such circumstances they don't have the right. Pa fears that they will have to leave Weedpatch. When Tom mentions work in Marysville, Ma decides that they will go there, for despite the accommodations at Weedpatch, they have no opportunity to make money. They plan to go north, where the cotton will soon be ready for harvest. Regarding Ma Joad's forceful control of the family, Pa remarks that women seem to be in control, and it may be time to get out a stick. Ma hears this, and tells him that she is doing her job as wife, but he certainly isn't doing his job as husband. Rose of Sharon complains that if Connie hadn't left they would have had a house by now. Ma pierces Rose of Sharon's ears so that she can wear small gold earrings. Al parts ways with a blonde girl that he has been seeing; she rejects his promises that they will eventually get married. He promises her that he'll return soon, but she does not believe him. Pa remarks that he only notices that he stinks now that he takes regular baths. Before they leave, Willie remarks that the deputies don't bother the residents of Weedpatch because they are united, and that their solution may be a union.
The car starts to break down as the Joads leave Al has let the battery run down but he fixes the problem and they continue on their way. Al is irritable as they leave. He says that he's going out on his own soon to start a family. On the road, they get a flat tire. While Tom fixes the tire, a businessman stops in his car and offers them a job picking peaches forty miles north. They reach the ranch at Pixley where they are to pick oranges for five cents a box. Even the women and children can do the job. Ruthie and Winfield worry about settling down in the area and going to school in California. They assume that everyone will call them Okies. At the nearby grocery store owned by Hooper Ranch, Ma finds that the prices are much higher than they would be at the store in town. The sales clerk lends Ma ten cents for sugar. She tells him that it is only poor people who will help out. That night, Tom goes for a walk, but a deputy tells him to walk back to the cabin at the ranch. The deputy claims that if Tom is alone, the reds will get to him.
While continuing on his walk, Tom finds Casy, who has been released from jail. He is with a group of men that are on strike. Casy claims that people who strive for justice always face opposition, citing Lincoln and Washington, as well as the martyrs of the French Revolution. Casy, Tom and the rest of the strikers are confronted by the police. A short, heavy man with a white pick handle swings it at Casy, hitting him in the head. Tom fights with the man, and eventually wrenches the club from him and strikes him with it, killing him. Tom immediately fled the scene, crawling through a stream to get back to the cabin. He cannot sleep that night, and in the morning tells Ma that he has to hide. He tells her that he was spotted, and warns his family that they are breaking the strike they are getting five cents a box only because of this, and today may only get half that amount. When Tom tells Ma that he is going to leave that night, she tells him that they aren't a family anymore: Al cares about nothing more than girls, Uncle John is only dragging along, Pa has lost his place as the head of the family, and the children are becoming unruly. Rose of Sharon screams at Tom for murdering the man she thinks that his sin will doom her baby. After a day of work, Winfield becomes extremely sick from eating peaches. Uncle John tells Tom that when the police catch him, there will be a lynching. Tom insists that he must leave, but Ma insists that they leave as a family. They hide Tom as they leave, taking the back roads to avoid police.
Chapter Twenty-Seven: Those who want to pick cotton must first purchase a bag before they can make money. The men who weigh the cotton fix the scales to cheat the workers. The introduction of a cotton-picking machine seems inevitable.
Chapter Twenty-Eight: The Joads now stay in a boxcar that stood beside the stream, a small home that proved better than anything except for the government camp. They were now picking cotton. Winfield tells Ma that Ruthie told about Tom she got into an argument with some other kids, and told them that her brother was on the run for committing murder. Ruthie returns to Ma, crying that the kids stole her Cracker Jack the reason that she threatened them by telling about Tom but Ma tells her that it was her own fault for showing off her candy to others. That night, in the pitch black, Ma Joad goes out into the woods and finds Tom, who has been hiding out there. She crawls close to him and wants to touch him to remember what he looked like. She wants to give him seven dollars to take the bus and get away. He tells her that he has been thinking about Casy, and remembered how Casy said that he went out into the woods searching for his soul, but only found that he had no individual soul, but rather part of a larger one. Tom has been wondering why people can't work together for their living, and vows to do what Casy had done. He leaves, but promises to return to the family when everything has blown over. As she left, Ma Joad did not cry, but rain began to fall. When she returned to the boxcar, she meets Mr. and Mrs. Wainwright, who have come to talk to the Joads about their daughter, Aggie, who has been spending time with Al. They're worried that the two families will part and then find out that Aggie is pregnant. Ma tells them that she found Tom and that he is gone. Pa laments leaving Oklahoma, while Ma says that women can deal with change better than a man, because women have their lives in their arms, and men have it in their heads. For women, change is more acceptable because it seems inevitable. Al and Aggie return to the boxcar, and they announce that they are getting married. They go out before dawn to pick cotton before everyone else can get the rest, and Rose of Sharon vows to go with them, even though she can barely move. When they get to the place where the cotton is being picked, there are already a number of families. While picking cotton, it suddenly starts to rain, causing Rose of Sharon to fall ill. Everybody assumes that she is about to deliver, but she instead suffers from a chill. They take her back to the boxcar and start a fire to get her warm.
Chapter Twenty-Nine: The migrant families wondered how long the rain would last. The rain damaged cars and penetrated tents. During the rain storms some people went to relief offices, but there were rules: one had to live in California a year before he could collect relief. The greatest terror had arrived no work would be available for three months. Hungry men crowded the alleys to beg for bread; a number of people died. Anger festered, causing sheriffs to swear in new deputies. There would be no work and no food.
Chapter Thirty: After three days of rain, the Wainwrights decide that they have to keep on going. They fear that the creek will flood. Rose of Sharon goes into labor, and the Joads cannot leave. Pa Joad and the rest of the man at the camp build up the embankment to prevent flooding, but the water breaks through. Pa, Al and Uncle John rush toward the car, but it cannot start. They reach the boxcar and find that Rose of Sharon delivered a stillborn baby. They realize that the car will eventually flood, and Mr. Wainwright blames Pa Joad for asking them to stay and help, but Mrs. Wainwright offers them help. She tells Ma Joad that it once was the case that family came first. Now they have greater concerns. Uncle John places the dead baby in an apple box and floats it down the flooded stream as Al and build a platform on the top of the car. As the flood waters rise, the family remains on the platform. The family finds a barn for refuge until the rain stops. In the corner of the barn there are a starving man and a boy. Ma and Rose of Sharon realize what she must do. Ma makes everybody leave the barn, while Rose of Sharon gives the dying man her breast milk.
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Allow us to help you when your child becomes ill. We are here to meet your child's medical needs as best we can.
Dr. Ann Lambernedis is a West Virginia native originally from Clarksburg where she graduated from Liberty High School. She graduated with honors from Alderson Broaddus College with a bachelors' degree in medical science (Physician Assistant) and received her medical degree from Marshall University School of Medicine.
Her residency training was completed through Marshal University at Cabell Huntington Hospital. Since completing her residency in 1996 she has practiced in Teays Valley. Dr. Lambernedis is board certified in pediatrics, is a fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and is a national and state member of the American Academy of Pediatrics. She is a committee member for the AAP's Council on Foster Care, Adoption and Kinship Care. She serves as associate clinical professor at the WV School of Osteopathic Medicine and the University of Charleston (Physician Assistant Program). Her areas of special interest in pediatrics include adoptions (domestic and international), caring for premature infants and multiple births, and management of complex medical conditions. She is married to Dr. James Akins (Internal Medicine) and they have three children, Jameson, Bryce and Olivia. She is a member of River Ridge Church, Teays Valley and enjoys teaching Sunday school, gardening, outdoor activities and especially time with her family.
Nurse Practitioner. Jessica first practiced in a Pediatric Neurology Group in Charleston, WV in 2016 before later agreeing to join the Emergency Department at CAMC's Women and Children's Division. Jessica resides in Jackson County, WV with her husband and daughter. She enjoys reading, outdoor activities and spending time with her family.
On December 28th, 2018, after 26 ½ years, Teays Pediatrics said "goodbye" to Dr. Pamela Stallo. She will be missed and we wish her the very best in the next phase of her career.
Dr. Lambernedis is available to provide care to all Teays Pediatrics patients. A nurse practitioner will be starting very soon to assist Dr. Lambernedis in serving patients.


text:
Q: program get stuck after psql delete statement My programm connects with ssh (ssh.net) to a host, with the data provider npgsql to a psql database and deletes an entry with a given ID.
It deletes the Entry as it should, but the programm get stuck after that for at least 1 min. With the using statement the connection should already disconnect after the sql-command i think, but i also don't get an error why it takes so long.
Is there something i forgot and have to wait for a timeout?

SshClient client = new SshClient(host, username, password);

try
    {
        //SSH Connection
        client.Connect();
        if (client.IsConnected)
        {
            scrLog.Content += "SSH connection successfull";
            scrLog.Content += Environment.NewLine;
        }
        else
        {
            scrLog.Content += "SSH connection failed";
            scrLog.Content += Environment.NewLine;
        }

    //Portforwarding to Port 5432 (postgresql)
    var portFwdL = new ForwardedPortLocal(psqlBoundHost, psqlUPort, psqlHost, psqlUPort);
    client.AddForwardedPort(portFwdL);
    portFwdL.Start();
    if (portFwdL.IsStarted)
    {
        scrLog.Content += "Portforwarding started";
        scrLog.Content += Environment.NewLine;
    }
    else
    {
        scrLog.Content += "Portforwarding failed";
        scrLog.Content += Environment.NewLine;
    }

    //Connection to Database with a Delete Command
    try
    {
        string connstring = String.Format("Server={0};Port={1};" +
        "User Id={2};Password={3};Database={4}",
        psqlBoundHost, psqlPort, sqluser, sqlpass, database);

        using (NpgsqlConnection conn = new NpgsqlConnection(connstring))
        {
            conn.Open();

            string sql1 = "delete from tblTest where testId = '" + nr + "';";
            //string sql2 = "\q";

            NpgsqlCommand cmd1 = new NpgsqlCommand(sql1, conn);
            cmd1.ExecuteNonQuery();
            scrLog.Content += sql1;
            scrLog.Content += Environment.NewLine;

            //NpgsqlCommand cmd2 = new NpgsqlCommand(sql2, conn);
            //cmd2.ExecuteNonQuery();
            //scrLog.Content += sql2;
            //scrLog.Content += Environment.NewLine;
        }
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("Error with the psql-connection:"
            + Environment.NewLine
            + ex.Message);
    }

    client.Disconnect();
    scrLog.Content += "SSH connection closed";
    scrLog.Content += Environment.NewLine;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show("Error with the ssh-connection:"
        + Environment.NewLine
        + ex.Message);
}

I tryed to use the

\q

command in the end, but it gives me always the error "42601: syntax error at or near "\"" and i read that it isn't needed.
Can someone help?

A: After researching and testing different scenarios, I finally found the timeout. I needed to disable the Connection Pooling, where the Connection is still open after closing, if it is needed again.
I just disabled it with Pooling=false.
string sqlpool = "false";
string sqlconn = String.Format("Server={0};Port={1};User Id={2};Password={3};Database={4};Pooling={5};",
                    sqlserver, sqlport, sqluserid, sqlpass, sqldatabase, sqlpool);


text:
Joel Christ
There are condolences waiting approval on Joel's Tribute wall
Plant a tree in memory of Joel
Celebrating the life of Joel Christ
Be the first to share your favorite memory, photo or story of Joel. This memorial page is dedicated for family, friends and future generations to celebrate the life of their loved one.
Obituary for Joel Christ
JOEL G. CHRIST was born on August 14, 1970 in Pipestone, Minnesota to Gregory and Julie (Wabeke) Christ. As a young child Joel, had a very charismatic nature. He grew up in a very loving family and grew into a very gentle, kind, unselfish, patient and caring man. Every one that met him enjoyed his presence and loved being around him. Joel worked a paper route, mowed lawns, worked on a bean walking crew, worked at Hardee's, and Ellison's. During his school years, Joel played trumpet in the Pipestone High School Band and was a member of the Boy Scouts. As a young teenager, Joel asked Christ into his life and was baptized with his father at the Ihlen State Park in Ihlen, Minnesota. Joel graduated from Pipestone High School in 1988. Following his education, Joel attended college in Brainerd, Minnesota, studying natural resources technology. Following that, Joel worked at the Palisades State Park south of Garretson, South Dakota. Joel continued to live in Pipestone, where he married his soulmate, Lynn Strobel on April 16, 1994. A few months after their marriage, the couple moved to Sioux Falls, South Dakota and continued to live there until 2001. That same year, Joel received his Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Colorado Technical University. The couple then moved to Rochester, Minnesota, where Joel worked for IBM in software engineering. In 2003, Joel retired from IBM and moved with Lynn to Northfield, Minnesota. After a couple of years in Northfield, the couple decided to move from Minnesota and began living in Longmont, Colorado. They lived in Longmont until 2009, when they then moved to Mead, Colorado. In 2015, Joel and Lynn returned to Minnesota and made their home in Ramsey, Minnesota. To celebrate their 25th wedding anniversary, Joel and Lynn traveled to Auckland, New Zealand. Due to medical complications, Joel was brought to the Auckland City Hospital. He remained in the hospital with his beloved wife by his side. Joel died peacefully in the Auckland City Hospital on Sunday, April 14, 2019 at the age of 48 years and eight months.
While living in Colorado, Joel was a board member of the Westview Christian Community Church, assisted in the church's nursery, volunteered to work the church's sound board, and helped remodel the church. Joel enjoyed computer gaming, reading, woodworking, and hunting. Even though Joel struggled with his health, he was a fighter and had a positive outlook on life. No matter what was happening in his life, Joel made it his goal to make others laugh. Above all else, Joel loved the time that he was able to spend with his family, friends, and his dog.
Joel is lovingly remembered by his wife, Lynn; his parents, Greg and Julie Christ of Pipestone; his siblings, Ryan (Maggie Hysjulien) Christ of Rosemount, Minnesota, Jodi (Scott) Hager of New Ulm, Minnesota, Briana (Darrell) Stahl of Bridgewater, South Dakota, and Stephanie Nwala of Spirit Lake, Iowa; brothers- and sisters-in-law, Rodney (Lynda) Strobel of Sioux Falls, Douglas Strobel of Nelson, Minnesota, Debra (Gary) Vanden Bosch of Richmond, Minnesota, and Dianne Kracht of St. Cloud, Minnesota; his maternal grandparents, Gerritt and Betty Wabeke; his aunts and uncles; cousins; and many adoring nieces and nephews. Joel was preceded in death by his paternal grandparents, Ralph and Phyllis Christ; and his mother- and father-in-law, Freemond and Jeanine Strobel.
To plant a tree in memory of Joel Christ, visit the Tribute Store.
12:00 PM 5/4/2019 12:00:00 PM - 2:00 PM 5/4/2019 2:00:00 PM
Faith Community Church - Pipestone
207 6th Ave SW
207 6th Ave SW Pipestone 56164 MN
Welcome to Joel's Memorial Wall
Share Joel Christ's life celebration
"Email Address" would like to share the life celebration of Joel Christ. Click on the "link" to go to share a favorite memory or leave a condolence message for the family.


text:
import React, { Component, PropTypes } from 'react';
import cx from 'classnames';
import s from './TopNav.scss';
import SearchForm from '../SearchForm';
import withStyles from '../../decorators/withStyles';
import topnav from '../../data/topnav';

@withStyles(s)
class TopNav extends Component {

	static propTypes = {
		className: PropTypes.string,
	};

	render() {
		return (

					<SearchForm />

						{topnav.links.map((link, i) => {
							return (

{link.value}

							);
						})}

		);
	}

}

export default TopNav;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We meet in the Nir Family YMCA at 2710 Market Street. There is plenty of parking in front of the YMCA. Enter through the covered sidewalk and double doors on the right side of the building. (Not through the large glass entry way to the left).
Main services are held in the gymnasium. Once you enter the building, the door to your immediate left in the lobby will take you to the gym.
You'll also see our children's check-in area in the lobby. If you have children 5th grade and under, feel free to sign them into a class at the check-in table.
Every Sunday at 10am. You can show up "right on time" or feel free to come a little early and enjoy a free cup of coffee and a little breakfast snack on us!
Each week, our rented space is transformed into an awesome place to connect with God and other people. Volunteers from our church show up early each week to create the environment and stick around after services to clean up.
There is a free coffee bar in the gym at the rear of our worship space. Help yourself.
You'll be welcomed from stage by one of our leaders.
Our band will lead us in a set of songs to God and about God.
If you're a guest, we'd love to invite you to fill out a "New Here" card so you can let us know you came. As well as to stop by the coffee bar for a free gift from us.
There will be a volunteer at the exit door with a bucket for collecting any New Here cards, prayer cards, or other items we have have as part of the service that day.
The bucket is also a chance for Venture regulars to share their offerings and tithes to support the ministries of our church. Guests, are NOT expected to give any money. Our service is a free gift to anyone who needs it.
Dress comfortably. People on stage will probably be in jeans and a t-shirt.
We have plenty for your kids to do. One of our core values is #KidsMatter. And we mean that! As you enter the building, pass through the front lobby and follow the hallway to the left. You'll see a table for "Children's Check-in" where a background checked volunteer will help you sign in your child for our Venture Kid's classes. They will also direct you where to go from there. We've got classes for Newborns – 5th grade. Older kids should have a great time in the main session.
Our classes are in a "Secure Kids Zone" area. All of our volunteers have been NC background checked and trained. We also have trained security monitors who routinely patrol the kid's area to ensure safety.
Our teaching team works hard to make sure the kid's programming is age appropriate and substantive! We aim to raise a new generation of God Chasers!
Students 6th grade and older should have NO PROBLEM engaging in, understanding, and enjoying the same session that the adults are in. We do have to program for older kids during the week. Read more here.


Nick Percat started racing karts at the age of seven. He progressed into car racing in 2005, at the age of 16, competing in Formula Ford in South Australia. In 2006, Nick raced Aussie Racing cars, his first attempt at racing in front of the Supercar teams. In his rookie year, Nick claimed six race wins and second in the championship – the highest placing of any rookie.


text:
NEW FACES IN PSUS
Vineet Agarwal takes charge of President at ASSOCHAM
New Delhi: Vineet Agarwal has taken over as the new President of the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM). Agarwal is the Managing Director of the logistics major Transport Corporation of India Limited (TCIL).
He replaced Niranjan Hiranandani, co-founder and Managing Director of Hiranandani Group of Companies, who has completed his tenure at the chamber during its centenary year.
Apart from being the first head of a logistics company and one of the youngest industry captains to be appointed as the chief of an apex industry body in India, Agarwal is also the founding national President of the Young Leaders Council at the All India Management Association.
Sumant Sinha, Chairman and Managing Director of ReNew Power, India's leading clean energy company, has been appointed the new Senior Vice President of ASSOCHAM.
PESB recommends Mr. Vivek Chandrakant Tongaonkar as Director (Finance) of Mangalore Refineries & Petrochemicals
Dr. G. Jawahar joins BEML Ltd. as Director (HR)
Shri Debasis Acharyya takes over as Director (Personnel) of SECL
Shri Anurag Kumar assumed the charge of CMD ECIL
Shri. Prasanna Kumar Mottupalli Assumes Office as CMD of NLC India Ltd
Mr Damodar Bhattad takes charge as Director (Finance) of BEL
A Shanti Kumari became the first Women to takes charge as Chief Secretary of Telangana
MR. KASARGOD SURESH SHETTY recommended for the post of Director (Human Resources), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL).
PESB recommended Mr. Shallinder Singh for the post of Director(Personnel), THDC India Limited
Shri Rajeev Gupta assumes charge as Director (Projects) of EIL


Looking for that luxurious glossy lashes look?
Rocka's Eyelash Extensions are available to enhance your look for a special occasion, or just for everyday life.
Lash treatments typically takes around 60 to 90 minutes, with individual lashes applied one by one and bonded to your own lashes with great care. Whether it be long and fluttery or a natural look Rocka Salon can create the look you desire.
Out technicians will consult with you to evaluate your needs and design the perfect eyelash extension to fit your unique features. We can help you achieve everything from a natural look to something more dramatic and eye-catching.
Eyelash extensions are semi-permanent but with the right level of care and attention, your extensions should remain beautiful and vibrant for three to four weeks. If maintained with regular infills, they can even last indefinitely.
Our durable, high-quality lashes are offered in both silk and mink hair.
Applying individual eyelash extensions by attaching one individual extension to one natural eyelash.
More than one extra fine eyelash extension is applied to a natural eyelash.
After application please read our Aftercare advice.


As most of us know by now, not all fats are created equal. In moderation, some fats have real health benefits. Mono-unsaturated fats, like those in almond oil, olive oil and (to a lesser extent) flaxseed oil, fight cholesterol and protect the heart. And they have other advantages, says nutritionist Lisa Sasson of New York University. Almond oil is a good source of vitamin E, flaxseed oil of heart-protective omega-3 fatty acids. Olive oil is still the most lauded; its antioxidants may protect against certain cancers.
Chef Michel Nischan of Heartbeat in New York City shares three tips for low-fat cooking: Buy a juicer. According to Nischan, it's a vital tool. He juices vegetables and fruits to serve as flavorful low-fat sauces and soups. Use tofu. Instead of oil, opt for silken tofu; whisk it with vinegar and seasonings for creamy, fat-free dressings. Splurge on olive oil. Nischan buys the best extra-virgin olive oil he can find. A $40 bottle of oil adds so much flavor that you need only a little.
As a child, Michel Nischan grew up eating his Southern mother's smothered pork chops and fried chicken; as a chef, he was equally generous with the lard, cream and butter at all kinds of restaurants, from soul-food shacks to haute French places. Then, in 1995, one of his five children was diagnosed with juvenile diabetes. "Chris's getting sick made me realize that, for millions of people, the restaurant experience is too often about what they can't eat," he says. A couple of years later, restaurateur Drew Nieporent was searching for a chef to develop spa-like recipes for Heartbeat, at Manhattan's first W Hotel. Nischan created a menu of minimalist yet delicious dishes made without butter or cream and with little oil: "I want to construct amazing dishes that people can eat, rather than deconstruct those they can't" (149 E. 49th St.; 212-407-2900).
When it comes to conditioning skin and hair, fat can be a good thing––especially in the form of avocado oil. Sundãri Neem and Avocado Balancing Moisturizer pairs hydrating avocado oil with skin-healing extracts from the neem tree ($52 for 1.7 ounces; 800-552-0203). Kiehl's Creamy Eye Treatment with Avocado is a rich but lightweight moisturizer ($23 for 0.5 ounces; 800-KIEHLS-2). Bobbi Brown Hydrating Eye Cream with Avocado Oil & Aloe Vera soothes skin and plumps up fine lines ($33 for 0.63 ounces; 888-888-4757. ê Shave Avocado & Linden Shave Soap softens hair and skin for a closer shave ($25 for 3.5 ounces; 800-94-SHAVE). Ligne St. Barth Avocado Oil does triple duty as an after-sun lotion, hair conditioner and bath soak ($33 for 4.25 ounces; 888-474-5566).


SEELEY LAKE – The Seeley Lake Rural Fire District encourages residents of Seeley Lake to remove the evacuation warning and order flagging and signs from their property to help clean up the town. Since all the evacuation notices have been lifted, it is no longer needed.
SEELEY LAKE – Movie Night returns to the Seeley Lake Fire Hall Saturday, Oct. 21 at 6:30 p.m. Join the Seeley Lake volunteers for chili and the movie "Captain Underpants" in the fire hall bay.


Last Sunday saw the 17th Scion Taekwon-Do Championships being held in Neptune Stadium, Cork, with fighters from clubs all over the country coming to compete. One of the largest Taekwon-Do events in Cork, the Midleton Taekwon-Do club sent 17 fighters to test themselves in the Scion Championships, and returned with 21 medals between them, including 6 bronze, 11 silver, and an amazing 5 gold. The standard at this tournament is always extremely high and the medals are always hard to win, so all competitors who brought medals home to the Midleton Club can feel extremely proud.


text:
Saarland Airlines was a German charter airline based in Düsseldorf that operated from 1992 to 1993.

History

Saarland Airlines was founded in 1992 by German entrepreneur Josef Tabellion to take over Turkish charter airline Nobel Air's German routes. Operations began on April 4, 1992 between Düsseldorf and Dalaman with a Boeing 737-300 leased from Maersk Air. In October of the same year the airline leased another Boeing 737 except this aircraft was painted in the airlines livery. In December 1992 the airline took over operations from Hamburg Airlines, in return the owner of Hamburg Airlines, Eugene Block received a 20 percent stake in Saarland Airlines. In Spring of 1993, Saarland Airlines expanded its fleet and leased two Airbus A320-200s.

The company mainly operated IT charter flights to Portugal and Turkey on behalf of the German tour operator MP Travel Line. When this tour operator went bankrupt at the end of June 1993, Saarland Airlines existence was in jeopardy. To ensure the continued existence of the airline, Saarland Airlines stuck an agreement with the successor company MP Tourism. MP tourism took over the existing charter agreements of MP Travel Line but also their liabilities. The amount of debt, the costs for the return of the holidaymakers and the simultaneous drop in booking numbers led to the bankruptcy of the company on July 28, 1993. Saarland Airlines was unable to win any new customers and consequently the airline declared bankruptcy in December of 1993.

Fleet
In 1993, Saarland Airlines fleet consisted of three aircraft:

 2 Airbus A320-200
 1 Boeing 737-300

See also
 Hamburg Airlines

References

Defunct airlines of Germany
Airlines established in 1992
Airlines disestablished in 1993


Apply to be a Reading Mentor!
Once you apply, there will be further interview processes and training.
Teaming with MY Readers, HOPE worldwide Malaysia is looking for 25 dedicated volunteer teachers to embark a 6-month teaching journey for a group 35 children from the low-income families.
We believe this will an enriching experience for you who sign up as volunteer teachers to witness the growth transformation of these 35 children during these 6 months teaching journey! Should you need further clarification, please do not hesitate to reach Caesar Teh at 016-208 2988 via WhatsApp.


text:
Mesida thorelli is een spinnensoort in de taxonomische indeling van de strekspinnen.

Het dier behoort tot het geslacht Mesida. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1877 door Blackwall.

Strekspinnen