text:
Q: Disable Radio Buttons If Table Value Is 1 or more I have a web page which has a set of radio buttons on (Yes & No) when 'Yes' is selected, a hidden
 is displayed.  The user then populates the fields and clicks an 'Add' button this then displays in a table.
This table also has a 'Remove' link.  I want the 'No' radio button to become 'Disabled' when the table has 1 or more entries in it and then ONLY be re-enabled when the table is empty by using the 'Remove' link.
I want to do this in JavaScript as I already have some on the page which currently does disable/enable functionality onclick.
The disabling of the 'No' radio button needs to be done when the table is populated and not on an onclick.
Current JavaScript

Table HTML only

                    Provider
                    Reference
                    Approx. value
                    Action

                <%
                    Int32 c = 0;
                    foreach (AJBG.Web.Services.Entities.Client.Application.Products.IsaTransfer t in ISATransfers)
                    {
                       c++;
                 %>

                        <%: Functions.Truncate(t.Manager, 10)%>
                        <%: Functions.Truncate(t.AccountNumber, 10) %>
                        <%: String.Format("{0:c}",t.ApproximateValue) %>
                        <a href="<%: Request.FilePath %>?id=<%: t.Identifier %>">Remove

                <% } %>

A: Found the answer.
if (document.getElementById("[TABLE_ID]").getElementsByTagName("tr").length >= 1)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The information provided by, KHP Developers, Inc., doing business as, KHP Homes, ("we," "us" or "our") on https://khphomes.com (the "Site") is for general informational purposes only. All information on the Site is provided in good faith, however we make no representation or warranty of any kind, express or implied, regarding the accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability or completeness of any information on the Site. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL WE HAVE ANY LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE OF ANY KIND INCURRED AS A RESULT OF THE USE OF THE SITE OR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION PROVIDED ON THE SITE. YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND YOUR RELIANCE ON ANY INFORMATION ON THE SITE IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK.
The Site may contain (or you may be sent through the Site [or our mobile application] links to other websites or content belonging to or originating from third parties or links to websites and features in banners or other advertising. Such external links are not investigated, monitored, or checked for accuracy, adequacy, validity, reliability, availability or completeness by us. WE DO NOT WARRANT, ENDORSE, GUARANTEE, OR ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ACCURACY OR RELIABILITY OF ANY INFORMATION OFFERED BY THIRD-PARTY WEBSITES LINKED THROUGH THE SITE OR ANY WEBSITE OR FEATURE LINKED IN ANY BANNER OR OTHER ADVERTISING. WE WILL NOT BE A PARTY TO OR IN ANY WAY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING ANY TRANSACTION BETWEEN YOU AND THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS OF PRODUCTS OR SERVICES.
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Adiwasi Vibhag Nashik (Upper Ayukta adiwasi Vikas Nashik), Nashik published a new job notification for Supervisor (Female/Male), Librarian, Laboratory Assistant & Warden(Female/Male) Posts. The recruitment is for total 159 Vacancies. The willing candidates are informed to see the latest notification January 2019. Last Date of online application is 08-01-2019. For More details of Adiwasi Vibhag Nashik Recruitment 2019 Read Below.
Application starts online 17-12-2018. Last Date of application is 08-01-2019.
आदिवासी विकास विभाग, नाशिक मध्ये बिबिध या पदाच्या एकूण 159 जागांसाठी अर्ज मागविण्यात येत आहेत. ऑनलाइन आवेदन करने की अंतिम तिथि 08-01-2019.


A 44-year-old father has just registered as a freshman while his 21-year-old son is studying as a sophomore at the same college in northwest China's Shaanxi Province, Chinanews.com reports.
Before his college life at Yangling Vocational & Technical College, father Sun Xinke worked as a farmer, growing wheat, corn, persimmons, and apples on his farm covering over 130,000 square meters. According to Sun, he often attended agricultural training classes held by the county government and felt it's very important for him as an agricultural professional to learn more knowledge. Thus, he decided to spend one year to prepare for and take the college entrance exam.
Sun's son Sun Yingkang says he strongly supports his father to study in the college as it does good to learn more knowledge. "I admire my father." Sun added.


text:
You Care: 50 Cent & Floyd Mayweather Beyond Burger Beef Getting Extra Petty
Remember when these two were the best of friends?
Source: Photo: Instagram
50 Cent and Floyd Mayweather are still trading shots on Instagram, and it's getting extra personal.
Mayweather set it off with a lengthy missive airing the rapper out, and Fif responded in kind.
Of course, the two 40-plus-year-olds got into who is richer, with Mayweather saying 50 was about $2 million shy of being worthy enough to argue with his watch.
50 then continued to go at Mayweather by bringing up his domestic violence allegations.
But the Queens rapper went to the next level by alleging that Money Mayweather banged his best friend's girlfriend. But he didn't stop there—he claimed that his artist Earl Hayes, who killed himself and his fiancee—had confronted the boxer about sleeping with said fiancee, VH1 star Stephanie Moseley, the day of the murder-suicide.
https://www.instagram.com/p/BlmIknuFaP6/
Oh it goes on…
50 Cent	, 50 Cent And Floyd Mayweather	, Floyd mayweather	, Newsletter
1 2Next page »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package net.zhanghc.nlp.core.pipeline;

import java.util.Properties;

public class DefaultProperties {
	 public static Properties defaultChineseProperties(String annotators) {
		Properties props = new Properties();
		props.setProperty("annotators", annotators);
		props.setProperty("customAnnotatorClass.segment", "edu.stanford.nlp.pipeline.ChineseSegmenterAnnotator");
		props.setProperty("segment.model", "edu/stanford/nlp/models/segmenter/chinese/ctb.gz");
		props.setProperty("segment.sighanCorporaDict", "edu/stanford/nlp/models/segmenter/chinese");
		props.setProperty("segment.serDictionary", "edu/stanford/nlp/models/segmenter/chinese/dict-chris6.ser.gz");
		props.setProperty("segment.sighanPostProcessing", "true");
		props.setProperty("segment.verbose", "false");
		props.setProperty("ssplit.isOneSentence", "true");
		props.setProperty("pos.model", "edu/stanford/nlp/models/pos-tagger/chinese-distsim/chinese-distsim.tagger");
		props.setProperty("ner.model", "edu/stanford/nlp/models/ner/chinese.misc.distsim.crf.ser.gz");
		props.setProperty("ner.applyNumericClassifiers", "false");
		props.setProperty("ner.useSUTime", "false");
		props.setProperty("parse.model", "edu/stanford/nlp/models/lexparser/chinesePCFG.ser.gz");
		props.setProperty("parse.flags", "");
		props.setProperty("parse.debug", "false");
		return props;
	}

	public static Properties defaultEnglishProperties(String annotators) {
		Properties props = new Properties();
		props.setProperty("annotators", annotators);
		return props;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Fundraising Officer
Breast Cancer UK
Salary up to £25k
Fundraising, Community Fundraising, Major Donor/ Gifts, Legacies Fundraising, Supporter Development
Full Time - 37.5 hrs/week (with potential part-time option for the right candidate)
12 months fixed term contract - with potential to become permanent
Excellent benefits package including 29 days annual holidays
Reports to Fundraising Manager
Do you want to join a friendly and supportive team to help fight breast cancer?
Are you enthusiastic about helping grow a great cause? Do you want to develop your skills and career in fundraising and help build rewarding donor experiences? Do you want to be part of a diverse and dynamic team committed to growing a highly engaged breast cancer prevention community?
We are a national breast cancer charity focussed entirely on breast cancer prevention:
We fund scientific research into environmental and chemical links to breast cancer
We educate and raise awareness about the lifestyle and environmental risk factors of breast cancer empowering people to reduce their risk of developing the disease
We campaign for policies that protect people's health and promote the prevention of breast cancer.
We are scaling up our work and our impact so we are building our team with talented, motivated, and ambitious individuals who want to contribute to helping us become the leading voice in breast cancer prevention.
If you're goal is to develop your career in fundraising in a rewarding role with plenty of opportunities to make your mark and ultimately make a difference to the lives of many people, then we want to meet you.
You will be a highly organised, focussed, and dynamic individual with a drive for helping grow support for an important cause. You will have an interest in breast cancer and/or public health prevention and a love for building meaningful connections and supporter relationships. You will be a self-driven team player, content to work remotely and ready to get going with a busy programme of work.
The closing date for applications is Tuesday 8 February at 5pm.
Application forms and equal opportunities forms to be submitted via email to recruitment@breastcanceruk.org.uk
Interviews will be held on 23rd or 25th February 2022 via video conference. If short listed for interview you will be asked to prepare a task/presentation.
For further information on the charity see our website https://www.breastcanceruk.org.uk/ and if you require any further details on the role or the process, drop us an email at recruitment@breastcanceruk.org.uk
Supporting Documents for Fundraising Officer
(DOC)
Prospect Development Manager
King's Cross, London/Hybrid
Fundraising and Communications Co-ordinator
Director of Marketing, Communications and PR


Move over Conor McGregor, there's a new double champion in the UFC.
UFC light heavyweight champion Daniel Cormier knocks out UFC heavyweight champion Stipe Miocic late in the first round to become the second man in UFC history to hold a UFC belt in two different weight classes at the same time.
It was right hook with less than a minute in the first round that dropped Miocic, signaling the end of his run as heavyweight champion. After dropping Miocic, Cormier pounced on the fallen champion, knocking him out cold to win the fight.
Below is the action of the main event as described by David Tees on Fightful's live coverage of UFC 226.
Round One: The round begins with Miocic attacking Cormier with a punching combination, Cormier cracks a swinging Miocic with a counter right. Miocic scores a takedown on Cormier and Cormier gets right back up, Miocic holds Cormier against the cage wall while landing some strikes. The fighters separate and Cormier nails Miocic with a right, Miocic charges forward and he swings away at Cormier. Miocic then catches an incoming Cormier with a knee strike to the midsection, the fighters exchange some leg kicks. Miocic then cracks Cormier with a left hook followed by a right, Cormier charges forward and cracks Miocic with a two punch combo. Cormier accidentally pokes Miocic in the eye and the fight is halted, the fight resumes with Cormier kicks Miocic in the midsection. Cormier catches a swinging Miocic with a four punch combination, Cormier drops Miocic with a right hook and he pounces on him with more strikes until Miocic goes out cold.
Of course, the news didn't stop there as Cormier may have a new challenger in former UFC heavyweight champion and current WWE Universal champion Brock Lesnar. Lesnar showed up in the octagon, pushes Cormier and says he is coming for Cormier's heavyweight title.
Lesnar returning to the UFC had been hinted at for months, but there was no concrete evidence that he would actually fight again in the UFC. Fightful managing editor Sean Ross Sapp first broke the news that Lesnar was in the building for UFC 226.
Cormier's victory will go down as one of the biggest in modern UFC history, achieving a feat only accomplished by McGregor, who defeated Eddie Alvarez in 2016 to hold both the UFC featherweight and lightweight titles at the same, though McGregor has yet to fight in the octagon since then.
The Fightful MMA podcast, hosted by Sean Ross Sapp, will go live later tonight to discuss the show as well as The Ultimate Fighter 27 Finale.


text:
{{ toctree(maxdepth=-1, collapse=False,includehidden=True) }}

License

Code of Conduct

Contributing

Contributor License Agreement

Made with  by Slack
and our Lovely
                Community


Psilosamples is the musical project of Brazilian producer Zé Rolê, composing reinterpretations, remixes, mixing traditional Brazilian culture music with other sounds. Make part of his references electronic music, hip hop, rave, psychedelic culture,scientific theories, and especially techno music concepts.
Recently, Psilosamples participated in events and festivals in Brazil and around the world, such as Eletronika / BH, Voodoohop / SP, Bomba Club @ Krakow/ Krakóvia, PlacZabaw / Warsaw (Poland), SONAR - São Paulo and Barcelona editions, FUSION Festival (Germany) and Norte Sonoro (Tijuana / Mexico). In 2012 was released his third album: Mental Surf. In Brazil, it was released by music label Desmonta, and in Japan, distributed by Octave / Ultravibe records.


Join our Cave Club and receive shipments of twelve (12) bottles of wine four (4) times a year.
30% off all wine orders.
Complimentary tastings at the winery for you and one guest.
Club members only special events.


text:
UN: Fresh violence displaces over 56,000 in eastern Afghanistan
Man Arrested For Murder Of His Colleague
Indian police move with caution after American killed by island tribe
Borussia Dortmund bus bomber gets 14 years in jail for 2017 attack
Trump asks Supreme Court to rule on transgender ban in the military
A fresh wave of violence in two districts of Afghanistan's eastern Nangarhar province has displaced more than 56,000 people, the UN said on Thursday.
The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said in a report that 56,329 people have been displaced in the districts of Khogyani and Sherzad as of April 30.
The Nangarhar governor's spokesman Attaullah Khogyani told dpa that the displacements were due to fighting that began about eight days ago between Taliban insurgents and the Islamic State terrorist group.
He said Afghan forces have pushed both groups back and airstrikes were also carried out in both districts to assist ground forces. Khogyani added that the fighting has died down at the moment.
The OCHA said that fighting started on April 22.
Taliban and Islamic State fighters have clashed in the province on several occasions over territorial control, leaving scores of dead on both sides.
But civilians have borne the brunt of the brutal ongoing conflict in Afghanistan. According to the OCHA, almost 80,000 people have been displaced from January 1 to April 22 this year.
The overall number of displaced people in Afghanistan last year is reported to be over 380,000.
Related Topics:World
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Turkey politician faces 17 years for criticising government
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Jimmy Carter claims Russia won Donald Trump the White House
Former President Jimmy Carter says he believes President Donald Trump actually lost the 2016 election and...
Dalai Lama: Donald Trump 'lacks moral principle'
The Dalai Lama has accused US President Donald Trump of lacking "moral principle", in a wide-ranging...
Pope Francis offers Chinese clergy way to register with civil agency
The Holy See on Friday instructed Catholic clergy in China to profess loyalty to Catholic doctrine...
Four reported killed in Venezuela's anti-government protests
'immediate and permanent' ceasefire demands Afghan grand council


text:
Dame Helen Mirren to Welcome Viewers to IFC's Documentary Now!
Posted by FIX Staff on June 3rd
This summer, IFC's newest original comedy series Documentary Now! will lovingly parody some of the world's best-known documentaries. Dame Helen Mirren (The Queen, The Audience) serves as host of this six part series, lending the gravitas that documentaries of this caliber so rightly deserve. Starring Fred Armisen and Bill Hader, each episode is shot in a different style of documentary filmmaking, and honors some of the most important stories that didn't actually happen.
Paying homage to everyone from the Maysles to Errol Morris, topics range from guerrilla-style filmmakers who vastly underestimate the danger in exposing a drug cartel to a soft rock doc about a Chicago band's rise to fame with their hit album "Catalina Breeze." Documentary Now! also showcases an intimate portrait of socialite mother-daughter feral animal hoarders and much more.
Documentary Now! premieres with the first of six half-hour episodes on Thursday, August 20 at 10:00pm ET/PT on IFC. Armisen, Hader and Seth Meyers are the creators, executive producers and writers of the series. Documentary Now! is produced by Broadway Video and executive produced by Lorne Michaels. It is also executive produced by Rhys Thomas and Broadway Video's Andrew Singer. SNL's Thomas and Alex Buono serve as the show's directors. John Mulaney (Mulaney, SNL) serves as consulting producer and Erik Kenward (SNL) is supervising producer.
Documentary Now! also has appearances by Jack Black (The D Train, Tenacious D), John Slattery (Mad Men, Wet Hot American Summer), iconic music manager Irving Azoff and SNL's Aidy Bryant, Mike O'Brien, Paula Pell, and Tim Robinson.


This was my first introduction to a scotch that was finished in a sauternes cask and I'll admit, I had to ask "what is sauternes?" Apparently it is a desert wine, much like port, but even more sweet and "dessert-y".
A lot about this scotch is familiar if you've had others bottled by Glenmorangie. The color is a medium amber. The nose is sweet and a little like bourbon. On the tongue it is similar to bourbon as well, but to a great bourbon like Blanton's. It is complex though with no discernible smoke. It has a little bite that lingers even after you've swallowed, but not so much that you won't want another sip. This is another good recommendation for someone who wants to try a scotch that is a little different and might be an excellent "cross-over" scotch for a bourbon drinker.


text:
Stats Zone
Get Sky F1
Max Verstappen: Lando Norris hails Red Bull F1 driver as one of fastest ever as he closes in on second title
Lando Norris speaks exclusively to Sky Sports F1 ahead of the Singapore GP, where Max Verstappen can clinch the title; Watch the whole weekend live on Sky Sports F1, starting with Friday's practice at 10.30am; Sunday's race at 1pm
Last Updated: 29/09/22 6:14am
Lando Norris says Max Verstappen is always on the limit in every session and 'one of the most talented drivers ever' but wonders if he would like to try his McLaren
Lando Norris has hailed Max Verstappen as one of Formula 1's fastest ever drivers as the Dutchman closes on a second world title, but admits it's "frustrating" not to be able to race against him for McLaren.
After a controversial first championship against Lewis Hamilton last year, Verstappen has blitzed his rivals in 2022 and a run of five straight wins has given him a chance of clinching the drivers' crown at this weekend's Singapore GP, the first of six races remaining this season.
Verstappen, having won 11 out of 16 races, is also right on track to beat the record of 13 victories in a single campaign.
A good friend of the Red Bull star, Norris joked to Sky Sports F1 that his season "has been easy" and that "he should maybe have a go back in our car and see what it's like", with McLaren only fifth in the standings.
What now for F1's driver market? The stars in running for last seats
How Verstappen can win the title at the Singapore GP
But in the exclusive interview, Norris also spoke of his admiration.
"He's done amazing," Norris told Sky Sports F1's Naomi Schiff. "Very impressive, of course.
Naomi Schiff tests Lando Norris' knowledge of the Singapore GP ahead of the first return to the Marina Bay Street Circuit since 2019
"Similar to Lewis in previous years, when you've got a car that can deliver and win races, he's the one taking those opportunities. He's beating his team-mate every time, but it's impressive to see day in and day out.
"Even Practice One, Two and Three, he's never under the limit, he's always pushing the limits. Even P1, first lap of the whole day, his times are sometimes quicker than we ever do in qualifying!
"He's one of the most talented drivers ever to come into Formula 1, one of the fastest. No doubt he's going to win his second this year and most likely go on to win a few more in the future."
Verstappen is spearheading a talented new generation of elite F1 drivers, with Charles Leclerc and George Russell - both 24 years old like Verstappen - also fighting at the front.
Watch back the dramatic race start which saw Max Verstappen, Kimi Raikkonen and Sebastian Vettel all collide on the first lap of the 2017 Singapore Grand Prix
Norris is widely regarded as possessing similar ability to those drivers, and competed against them in junior categories, although so far, despite flashes of brilliance, has had to bide his time in F1 in a less competitive McLaren.
He said he was staying patient, but admitted it was "frustrating".
"You have to [bide your time] you can't do too much else," the 22-year-old British driver explained. "You can't really complain. I still have an opportunity in Formula 1
"I still feel like when I've finished P6, P7 sometimes, I've driven the best race of my life, or I've done the best lap in qualifying and I'm P8 or P9. You have to realise that that was your goal and your objective for the day.
Ahead of this weekend's Singapore Grand Prix, we look back at some of the most memorable moments from previous races at the Marina Bay Street Circuit
"You've got to ask yourself, have you done the best lap you could have done? Have you put everything together? And if you have, that's what you've got to be happy with, no matter if it's P10, P5, P6, whatever.
"You know you might not win a race for many years and your opportunity may come in 12 years or something like that.
"It's frustrating at times, because you feel like you deserve more at certain periods, no matter how much hard work you put in. You have a guy that can have the easiest race and chill the whole race and win a race, and then there's you sweating, having the hardest race of your life and P8.
"It's never hard feelings against anyone else, because they're probably deserving to be in that position and you just have to have faith that in a few years, or a few races, you'll have your opportunity."
Sky Sports F1's live Singapore GP schedule
12pm: Drivers' Press Conference
10.30am: Singapore GP Practice One (session starts 11am)
1.45pm: Singapore GP Practice Two (session starts 2pm)
3.15pm: Singapore GP: The F1 Show
9.35am: W Series Qualifying
10.45am: Singapore GP Practice Three (session starts 11am)
1pm: Singapore GP Qualifying Build-up
2pm: SINGAPORE GP QUALIFYING
3.45pm: Ted's Qualifying Notebook
Hamilton dismisses F1 'dry spell'
What now for F1's driver market?
9.35am: W Series Race
11.30am: Singapore GP Build-up: Grand Prix Sunday
1pm: THE SINGAPORE GRAND PRIX
3pm: Singapore GP Reaction: Chequered Flag
4pm: Ted's Notebook
5pm: Singapore GP Highlights
Watch the spectacular floodlit Singapore GP live on Sky Sports F1 as Max Verstappen gets his first chance to clinch the title. The race begins at 1pm on Sunday, with build-up from 11.30am. Get Sky Sports F1.
Hamilton plays down Mercedes speed in wet | Button: They're really quick!
Verstappen rues 'messy' weekend | Hamilton: I won't punish myself over crash
Perez hails best-ever drive | Safety Car issues due to 'miscommunication'
Perez holds off Leclerc for chaotic Singapore win as Verstappen denied title
Russell to start Singapore GP from pit lane for changing his power unit
Bottas: Everybody should be allowed to say what they want
'Positive conversations' - The latest on Formula 1's rights row
Haas become first F1 team to reveal 2023 car livery
Ekstrom car catches fire, but still beats Schumacher in Race of Champions final
Vasseur: Everyone at Ferrari is committed


Another weekend has come and gone and we are in another state having another great revival. That seems to be the story of our lives, but if it is, then what a wonderful life!
We began the weekend by ending revival at Beechfork Holiness Church. We had a good week of revival and it was bittersweet saying goodbye to all of our dear friends in Tennessee Friday. They know we can not stay forever, but they make us feel like they want us to stay.
I always say, "It is better to leave while they want you to stay than to stay until they want you to leave!"
Odie snapped a few more pictures Friday night that I have posted below. You can see even more from last Friday's post HERE.
By the time we went to Shoney's after church and then drove to Vonore and the BogggsMobile it was very late. I think it was about 2:00 AM when we finally laid down for the night.
I was up early Saturday morning but I let the girls rest a while. We were going less than 300 miles so we did not have to be in a super big hurry. I visited with some of the customers parked at Jeff's place (East Tennessee Luxury Coach) while I was getting things ready to roll and we hit the road about 11:00.
The weather Saturday was absolutely beautiful and the BoggsMobile was ready to run! There are a few big climbs between Knoxville and Nashville but they were like mole hills Saturday. I had to slow down to make some of the curves but not because of the climb.
We were making real good time but then Kelly Jo noticed on Google Maps there was a bad traffic jam north of Nashville on I-65. Mr. Garmin suggested I exit the interstate east of Nashville and scoot around town that way. We tried it and it worked out fine. The traffic jam was still going strong a few hours later. I am very glad we avoided that.
We rejoined I-65 at exit 2 in Franklin, Kentucky but not before stopping at the Flying J there to empty the holding tanks. We stopped and slept at that Flying J a few hours on our way from Mobile, Alabama to Ohio about three weeks ago. I think we are going in circles.
We pulled in to Trinity Pentecostal Church about 5 hours and 10 minutes after we left Vonore. We had traveled about 292 miles.
After we were parked and had the sound equipment set up, we enjoyed great fellowship and a good meal with Pastor Alan and Sis. Tammy Harris at the best Mexican joint in town.
They have a pretty church here in the country and it is a super great place to park! We have been coming here for many years and we are excited to be back.
They have sold some of their pews and they are planning a complete indoor remodel of the sanctuary beginning next week.
We really had church both services Sunday! It was awesome! I ran and shouted and preached way to hard but I sure enjoyed each and every moment of it.
We ate at the other Mexican joint in Central City Sunday afternoon. It was good too.
After an amazing Sunday we retreated to the BoggsMobile after fellowship and stumbled into bed very, very late again. It was one of those nights that climbing into bed felt so good, that I thought I might get out of bed and climb back in again!
That wraps up our weekend. If this week stays true to form, we will be flying through this revival and it will be over way to quick!
Thank you for all of your kindness to us. We love you too and we loved being there last week!


Although the primary purpose of a garage adjoining a house is generally for the parking and security of cars, they are also adapted and used for storage purposes for items that either too large to be stored in the house, or which the owner does not wish to dispose of. The latter in particular applies to products or items which the owner considers that there can/may be a future or alternative use for. Irrespective of the storage reasons, it is essential that they are stored as safely and securely as possible.
Traditionally, garages adjoining houses have also been key targets for burglars. Statistics show that, since 2012, the number of intrusions and thefts in garages, sheds and gardens have increased steadily each year, due to relaxed security and negligence. Further, not only are the security issues with storing equipment and items in garages, there are also some serious safety implications associated with to the storage of electrical equipment and flammable or combustible products, which can result in fires or explosions with potential catastrophic consequences.
Analogous to how you would (or should) ensure security and safety in your home, the garage door should, unless you need access, be closed and locked, even if you are at home and more importantly when you are away from home. Further, if you have a connecting door from your garage to your adjoining house, that door should also be closed and locked.
Burglars are opportunists and will seize their moment if given the slightest inkling and/or encouragement to do so. In particular, for garages attached to adjoining houses, any security deficiencies associated with the garage, may also offer burglars with the opportunity to access the house and compound the situation by also burgling the house.
Therefore, by ensuring that all garage doors and windows are locked at all times is a key measure to deterring a burglar and preventing a potential burglary.
Garage doors are often installed with a simple lock at the centre handle, but which does not prove too much of a deterrent to the seasoned burglar. The simplest of tools can easily break such locks and facilitate access to the garage. Therefore, to enhance the security of a garage, either a door bolt or padlock should be installed as a further preventative measure. All keys should be located in a safe and secure location in the house.
Garages are conventionally equipped with dim lighting, which are not particularly effective in either startling or deterring burglars. A much more effective alternative is to install motion-sensor lights in garages, which automatically illuminate (with enhanced brightness) when someone has accessed a garage. These are a relatively low cost option, but with significant benefits, because their automated functioning and subsequent brightness startle the entrants (causing them to escape) and attract the attention of the residents and neighbours alike.
A garage can so often become a 'dumping' area of items, normally intended as a temporary measure, but which can easily become a more permanent arrangement. As time progresses, a garage can accumulate a large volume and variety of storage items, and space can become a premium as more equipment, products, etc. are stored. As such, it becomes more difficult to locate them and are forgotten over time.
Therefore, it is extremely effective in the long run if items are organised and grouped into categories, and are stored and labelled accordingly for identification, ease of access and disposal purposes.
For garages that have windows, then, because of the relatively low level nature of their location, which means that they can be easily reached and peered into, then every attempt should be made to disguise and block any view into the windows. One such method is to frost the windows such that any view into the windows is significantly impaired and that the contents of the garage cannot be seen.
Garage safety isn't just about protecting your home from criminals, it's also about keeping yourself safe too. Fire doors are a legal requirement for buildings for two reasons: they stop fire from spreading, and they act as an escape route. If your garage is connected to your house, then the connecting door must be a fire door, helping to keep you safe in the unlikely event of a fire.
Your front and back door should always be locked, but double check this before you go to the garage.
At a pre-defined interval, say, every month, the garage door should be inspected to ascertain whether there is any damage to the cables or pulleys. In the event of identified damage or deficiencies (e.g. pulled or snapped cables, which are easily visible and can quickly be repaired by appropriately competent persons), then appropriate corrective action must be implemented. It is important to note and highlight that damaged cables are not only risk to your safety, but make the garage more accessible to burglars.
If you park your car in the garage and have an automated garage door operated by a remote control, the simple option is to keep the remote control in your car. However, in terms of garage safety, this is not good practice and should be avoided at all times for the simple reason being that, If a criminal manages to obtain the keys of a car and the remote is in your car, then a quick escape is inevitable. The remote control should be placed in a secure location,.
Similar to installing a burglar alarm in the house, installing and commissioning a burglar alarm in the garage will alert the house residents and neighbours in the event of any attempted, criminal access. The noise levels from the alarm activation should be enough to startle the intruders.
For further information on garage safety and security, please contact J Mills Locksmiths on 07940900617.


The analysis of recent Silage results have shown that crude protein levels are below average. Some test results are as low as 8% with the expected average being 12%. In light of these results crude protein supplementation needs to be increased in replacement heifers are to meet their growth rate targets.
Weanling heifers on target weight require a diet of at least 15% Crude Protein to maintain growth and sufficient weight gain over the winter period. Below is an example of two diets, consisting of silage and 2kgs of a 21% and a 16% ration.
Diet 2 is lacking in protein and as a result heifers will not be capable of reaching potential growth and weight gain over the winter period. While Diet 1 is reaching the adequate protein level, lower protein silages or heifers under target weight at housing will require extra protein supplementation.
Pay close attention to withdrawal periods of drenches, pour-ons & injections. Some products have long milk withdrawal periods eg. A heifer or cow dried off and treated with an Ivermectin pour-on such as Animec on Dec 20th should not be due to calve until at least Feb 19th to avoid contamination of milk.


Tom Wilson has been practicing architecture for over 25 years in the San Francisco Bay area. Prior to starting this new venture, Tom was the President of ARC Inc. Architects for 14 years, and specialized in commercial architecture for both developers and corporate clients. Licensed in 1994, TWA has also been an active member of ICSC, and is a LEED AP through www.USGBC.com. In addition to commercial design, TWA has designed a variety of high-end custom homes.
This commercial office building designed in Pleasanton, CA was designed "green" before that was trendy. As it was adjacent to high-end custom homes it needed to reflect that character.
Content copyright . TW-ARCHITECTS.COM. All rights reserved.


Our locksmith firm is devoted to serve you outstanding services, quality workmanship and good customer care. We serve you even during weekend and holidays without you having to pay extra. This is because we make every emergency issues our priority and that we are very much concern with your safety and security. Our team of the most dependable locksmiths can take care of all your locksmith emergencies anytime. With their skills, there is no complicated job they can't accomplish. We have customer service representative who are willing to answer your call anytime of the day.
Our services have three divisions: the commercial, residential and automotive. These services come with reasonable cost that will surely fit your budget. You don't need to pay extra for services rendered at night, weekend or holiday. You can rest assured that the services you require will be worth the money you spend.


A grade one and two teacher explores the language of 2D shapes and their features with her students.
A grade one and two teacher explores the language of 2D shapes and their features with her students. The teacher aims to build the student's vocabulary around shapes and their features and also the location of objects. The lesson is adapted from an approach outlined by a maths consultant and included in the curriculum document developed by three local schools in their professional learning community. The teacher has adapted the lesson for her class, making it more kinesthetic and including consolidation, enabling and extending tasks.
St Georges Road Primary School services a culturally and linguistically diverse community. The educational program prioritises Literacy, Numeracy, learning to learn and ICT. As part of their drive to build strong, respectful partnerships within their community, the school has teamed up with two other local schools, Gowrie St Primary School and Wilmot Road Primary School, to establish a Professional Learning Community. The PLC provides a collaborative platform for the schools to access outside consultants and to plan and conduct professional learning that positively impacts teachers across each of the schools.
How do you review and adapt activities to ensure they are appropriate for your students?
How do you use learning sequences to support students in developing higher order thinking skills?
How could professional learning communities enhance the teaching and learning in your school context?


Author Christoph Fischer asked us to create a new book cover and marketing graphics for his new book – The Healer.
Author Christoph Fischer yet again tasked us with creating a book cover for his new book – In Search of a Revolution.
The Author Christoph Fischer tasked us to create the new book cover for upcoming Book Conditions.
Author Paul Bisson asked us to create a book cover for his new Book Coyote Jack and the Blue Birds.
A corrupt property developer thrown to his death from a cliff. French Nazi goons staging mock-executions on behalf of a crazed Arab millionaire. A blackmailed politician facing public humiliation via Youtube. All is not well on the island of Jersey.
It's down to one man to put things right. Unfortunately that man is Marigold Dark, part-time private investigator, occasional buffoon and full-time drunk. Setting out to discover the link between these events and the shadowy figures that are threatening his daughter, our hapless detective soon finds himself a wanted man. Now Marigold must call upon a rogues' gallery of contacts to piece together the details of his latest case and confound his enemies, all the while battling the greatest threat of all…himself.
M.C.V. Egan asked for help with her revised book cover for her book Bridge of Deaths and we were pleased to help out with this fascinating book project.
The book cover design process with DAZ (nethed) was personable, painless and very well priced. It began with a Skype meet to discuss my ideas and needs followed by graphic suggestion, agreement on cover and nice adjustments.
I am thrilled with my cover and have had AMAZING reactions from everywhere as to the quality and beauty. I plan to use DAZ nethed) for all my future projects and I highly recommend the services.
Nethed created this book Cover created for a book about Controlled Remote Viewing, distributed through the Amazon bookshop.
Nethed was asked to help design the thirdbook cover for a three part trilogy of books. This is the final design for the third book in the series: The Black Eagle Inn.
Nethed was asked to help design the second book cover for a three part trilogy of books. This is the final design for the second book in the series: Sebastian.


Here we are in April of 2017 picking up the van from our friends at Stewart's Signs in Cape Vincent after getting it lettered up.
If you see the van around town, flag Larry down and say Hello!
Larry has Ten years of experience as a Local exterminator.
Larry is HIGHLY skilled when it comes to Ant and Mice control. Larry will take the time and patience to identify your problem. He will offer you solutions that you will feel comfortable with.
Check back for more pictures of Larry in action this 2017 season!
Here is Jeremy Jenis agreeing to take over the payments on one of Mike Patchen's vans from Patchen Painting in November of 2016.


text:
Last Update May 16, 2015
The Real Winners in Health Care Reform
By Glenn Beck, | Fox News
What a bunch of warmongers we have — I mean, oh, they're in the White House. America is fighting the war in Iraq. They're fighting Afghanistan, Usama bin Laden, Al Qaeda, the Taliban, and now, these people have taken on another enemy: Fox News.
I want to show you exactly where the enemy is located according to the White House. Are you ready? So you have a map of New York City, and the enemy is right — got to go down Sixth Avenue. There's Times Square. The enemy is in this building right here. That is the enemy. Look out America. I want to make sure that we have the location of the enemy.
So, what the White House would like to do is — you know, forget about our own borders down south. Forget about that. Let's just — hey, you know those guys who are risking their lives right now in Afghanistan? Yes, they can wait. What we need are troops and maybe a plane — of course, I don't want to fly a plane. Didn't our government learn not to fly a plane around Manhattan. You know what, in case you didn't learn the first time, you should not fly the plane. We'll leave the plane over here.
By the way, didn't that guy, when he got in trouble, he went over to John Podesta's place — what is that, the Center for American Progress, which is the same place that Van Jones went after he left in the cover of darkness. Wow, there must be something going on with the White House and John Podesta. Why would anybody in the press ask that?
Anyway, I'm showing where the enemy is. So, we got, we got the missiles pointed right at Fox. And let's make sure that everybody understands — this is the enemy, America! Everything that's going wrong in the country happening right here!
Let me tell you something — write this day down in your journal, because this is a new thing. We haven't seen anything like this. OK, yes, JFK, he did cancel the newspaper one time when he got really upset, but then he re-subscribed. And there was that enemy list with Nixon, but I think the enemy list, I believe that whole thing, that was just who's not coming to state dinners. I could be wrong. I don't think that they've used White House resources, your tax dollars, to target the media before. But why would anybody who believes, like Van Jones, that Marxism is the way to go? You know, Karl Marx said that about 20 percent of the population should be eliminated?
Anyway, I digress. Why would you bother? Free speech is under attack. In the coming days, I'm going to show you exactly how this administration is consolidating power, and how your right to speak out and your right to hear, simply opposing voices, people who are asking legitimate questions, are all under assault. I'm going to show you the tangled web that there is, and it all really goes down to one thing: a sound bite that I have been playing over and over again. And I think this is one of the most important things that Obama has said that you need to understand, because it reveals so much:
THEN-ILLINOIS STATE SENATOR BARACK OBAMA (2001): The Supreme Court never ventured into the issues of redistribution of wealth, and, sort of, more basic issues of political and economic justice in the society. One of the, I think, the tragedies of the civil rights movement was because the civil rights movement became so court focused, I think that there was a tendency to lose track of the political and community organizing and activities on the ground that are able to put together the actual coalitions of power through which you bring about redistributive change.
Wow! I didn't know we wanted to bring about redistributive change, did you? I was thinking this whole free-market thing was OK, where you can dream and make a better mousetrap and make money. No, no. No, no. Let's look at the words again, "redistributive change." Again, key words, "was a tendency to lose track of the political and community organizing" — that was happening on the ground — "that could put together the actual, actual coalitions of power which would bring about the redistributive change."
Hmm, the coalitions of power. Wow. That's kind of spooky sounding, huh? Let's just stick to some of the big ones, and the way to bring about redistributive change with coalitions of power. Remember that, coalitions of power, because what our government is supposed to do is protect you from those coalitions of power. That's what it's supposed to do, protect you so you can live your dream and pursue your dream.
But let's start with the protection coming on the new health care plan. It's for you, remember. Are you sick? Do you cough and have a temperature? We're the government. We're here to help. You know we have a crisis in this country. We can't go another second without government health care because there are a bazillion people right now dying in the streets!
I wish I had a phone I could call Anita at the White House. She works, by the way, we think — we're not sure — we think she works downstairs in the basement down there, but we're not sure. But she's watching right now, so I apologize. Did I say bajillion or did I say gazillion? I don't know. She's got to look at the record and then she has to say, "How do I spell that? Gazillion, is it G-O-Z, G-A-J?" I don't know. And I'm not the guy to come to for spelling, Anita. I can't help you, either. But relax, because I know that there really aren't a bajillion or a gazillion people dying in the streets, kind of like America knows that when your boss says, "Hey, free health care," you don't really mean that either, because it's not free.
The question is: What is it actually going to cost? No, no, no, better question, one that Fox News is asking: Why do they hate America so much? The question is: Who really benefits? Who's actually being helped here? Because remember, it's all about you. Oh, they love you so much.
Well, let's look at this. Right now, if you'll say you get prostrate cancer, OK? That's kind of bad. One out of every six men watching right now, one out of six, are going to get prostrate cancer. Here in America, you have a 90 percent chance of survival, 90 percent. Only 10 percent are going to die — 10 percent in America. Now, where they have that great universal health coverage in the U.K., well, it shoots up a little bit by — no, not 60, but 604 percent. But that, just that, that's it. Your chance of dying in Norway is only 457 percent.
Oh, yes! So, don't worry about it. If you're in Canada — remember, this is all about you — if you're in Canada or Great Britain and somebody has cancer or needs to have a hip replaced, or maybe mom has cancer and she needs radiation -- do you know anybody that needs radiation treatments? Don't worry. We're from the government, and we're here to help you. I hope it's not that quick-acting cancer — because if you had that quick-acting cancer, you're going to wait only for a hip replacement, radiation, two times longer. In fact, in some cases, up to a year you could be waiting.
Yes. So, it doesn't benefit you, because you stink, you don't really understand. It must benefit the doctors, right? Well, what do they think about it? I mean, besides the grassroots of white coats who visited the White House, you know, that wasn't staged or funded by the liberal progressives Tides Corporation at all — no, it wasn't. You go to college. You want to be a doctor. Do you remember when mom used to say, "Well, maybe you can marry a doctor or maybe he'll become a doctor?" Well, not anymore, because people going to school now to be doctors are coming out with a mountain of debt — 41 percent of the students have an excess of $150,000 and a significant minority has higher than $350,000 in debt. Experts predict it could be $750,000 by 2033.
Wow, that's great! Imagine doing all of that work and having that debt and not being able to make money. You combine that with increasing popular view that doctors are just ripping out tonsils out of kids that don't need their tonsils ripped out or cutting people's feet off just because the doctor wants to make a few extra bucks. Do you really think that you're going to see an increase in medical students? I don't think so — and especially consider that the percentage of doctors who say they'll quit if this is passed is only 45 percent.
No worries. You're going to be able to find a good doctor. Really, you will. So, it doesn't help the doctors.
Well, where else? Who else? Oh! I love this. Who is everybody else that could be helped?
How about pharmaceutical companies? Do you know the pharmaceutical companies pledged $80 billion in reductions? In return, President Obama said, "Hey, don't worry about us negotiating lower drug prices. I mean, we're not going to — we won't do that." Oh, well, that's fantastic! No worries! Big pill is helped out.
How about places like AARP? President Obama is cutting $500 million, is that what it is, from Medicare, with — yes, $500 million from Medicare with a big chunk of it, about $160 million coming from Medicare Advantage. A hundred sixty million, that's — by the way, Medicare Advantage is gap insurance. What the government doesn't cover, this insurance from AARP covers. But if they do that, wow, people are going to need more gap insurance, and guess who sells gap insurance? It's — hmm.
And, of course, the unions — they open the door eventually getting all of their health care expenses off the books. The unions can't make it with all these promises that they've made to people, and they get it all shoved on to the government rolls. Unions like SEIU.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Billion not million — $160 billion!
BECK: Thank you — $160 billion. Sorry, that was $160 billion. It's only better for them. Did we get a call from Anita or is that just on our own?
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: That was on our own.
BECK: OK. See, we're doing your job for you, Anita. OK. So, we're back to SEIU. Remember, they have 1.1 million members in health care, 1.1. They're the giant union. They're the ones who have the health care town hall meetings. They were the ones beating up anybody who disagreed. Do you are remember that? That's SEIU. Yes, beating up a black preacher. That was pretty cool. They're also that happens to be the largest health care union in America. Yes, yes. That includes the nurses and the LPNs and the doctors and the, you know, the lab techs and the nursing home workers and everybody else. How closely tied to Obama SEIU?
Well, here's one. In 2009, just this last August 20, Andy Stern, the head of SEIU, was bragging on his blog about, "Yes, I get Obama on the phone all the time." He also meets with the president in the Oval Office once a week. Oh, and May 11, 2009, SEIU had a meeting with big pharmaceuticals just to work out some details there on how to make this work. By the way, I want to play some things. How closely tied in is Obama to SEIU? I want to play something that we got from Breitbart TV, a clip that you haven't seen before:
PRESIDENT OBAMA: Your agenda has been my agenda in the United States Senate. Before debating health care, I talked to Andy Stern and SEIU members. Before immigration debates took place in Washington, I talked with Eliseo Medina and SEIU members.
Now, you got it, he consults SEIU before making decisions. But here's a clip we haven't played yet. It is Obama talking to SEIU just a few days before the election:
OBAMA: Also, we love — we love SEIU! But the question you got to ask yourself is: Do they have it in their guts?
CROWD: Yes.
OBAMA: Do they have any track records of standing alongside you in picket lines? Do they have a track record of going after the companies that aren't letting you organize? Do they have a track record of voting the right way, but also helping you organize to build more and more power?
Did you hear that? Politicians say they love SEIU, but does he really? I mean, how do you know? His goal isn't to help the average American. It isn't to turn the economy around. It isn't to protect and defend the Constitution! No, no, no! It is to build power for SEIU. This man is no "Johnny come lately" to SEIU. He has been working before he was elected to anything with SEIU. You now know where his loyalties are. Not with you, but with SEIU.
And what did all that hard work at SEIU achieve? Social justice?
No. Political power in Chicago.
So, we're going to take what they're doing in Chicago, which is building political power for SEIU, and now, do it all across the country. He says later in this clip, "Paint it purple, paint the nation purple."
By the way, did I mention that these people -- you could trust the doctors because they're in white coats. You shouldn't have put them in white coats. I don't know why they did, because many of them should have been wearing purple coats. There were 20 of these guys that should have been wearing purple, because they were representing SEIU. I don't know about you, but I don't want to paint the nation purple. Barney, the purple dinosaur, is the only thing purple and I hate Barney.
I'm a recovering alcoholic, which, by the way, the recovery part -- I am rethinking more and more lately just to have things make sense, because maybe if I'm drunk, things make sense more. You, me and the doctors. We're a family. And our family is dealing with raging alcoholics. You, the doctors, me. OK? We're the family. We've got somebody who is abusive. We have somebody who is abusing power. That's what they are. We're getting hurt by the abusers: the drug companies, the unions, AARP — all of them. They're the enablers. They're giving a bottle of Jack Daniels every night. Obama and SEIU are the alcoholics.
I'm sorry, Anita, I don't mean to make your job anymore difficult. I don't mean to imply that the president at war with Fox News and apparently is an alcoholic. That is called an analogy. But the worst part is, all of this is happening in the cover of darkness.
We know there is a plan coming, sure. We don't know all of the details, and when we do get them, it will be so filled with legalese, it will be too darn difficult to read the plan. Who is there representing you?
This is the Fox building here. I contend these are the people that are standing up for the republic and the Constitution, and asking the questions that need to be asked. We're the ones standing up! Don't get me wrong, you are, too! God bless you! The minute you sit down, we're done. We don't represent you, however. We're no different than you. We're moms and dads. We're people that care. We care about our children. We care about our future. We care about our country. And we're willing to ask the questions, like, here's a question: What role has SEIU played in this health care bill? Who has written this bill? Who does it benefit exactly? Why can't we read the health care bill in advance? Will Congress promise that they will follow the Constitution to pass this bill, or are they going to find some loophole to pass it?
I'm sorry if those questions make us the enemy of the state at the end of the day, but somebody has to ask these questions, because freedom of speech is at stake. President Obama, Anita, and the White House, welcome to the place that George Washington called the "battlefield of ideas"! This is the way it's done in America. I'll meet you on the battlefield here every day at 5:00 p.m. In the meantime, you make your changes in the cover of darkness.
— Watch "Glenn Beck" weekdays at 5 p.m. ET on Fox News Channel


text:
For other uses, see Courtyard (disambiguation).
Wide courtyard surrounded by arched porticoes in the Great Mosque of Kairouan in Tunisia
Courtyard in the Munich Residenz, Bavaria
A courtyard or court is a circumscribed area, often surrounded by a building or complex, that is open to the sky. Such spaces in inns and public buildings were often the primary meeting places for some purposes, leading to the other meanings of court. Both of the words court and yard derive from the same root, meaning an enclosed space. See yard and garden for the relation of this set of words.
1 Historic use
2 Comparison throughout the world
3 Relevance today
4 Enclosed spaces
Historic use[edit]
Courtyard in the Lidzbark Warmiński Castle
Courtyards—private open spaces surrounded by walls or buildings—have been in use in residential architecture for almost as long as people have lived in constructed dwellings. The courtyard house makes its first appearance ca. 6400–6000 BC (calibrated), in the Neolithic Yarmukian site at Sha'ar HaGolan, in the central Jordan Valley, on the northern bank of the Yarmouk River, giving the site a special significance in architectural history.[1] Courtyards have historically been used for many purposes including cooking, sleeping, working, playing, gardening, and even places to keep animals.
Before courtyards, open fires were kept burning in a central place within a home, with only a small hole in the ceiling overhead to allow smoke to escape. Over time, these small openings were enlarged and eventually led to the development of the centralized open courtyard we know today. Courtyard homes have been designed and built throughout the world with many variations.
Courtyard homes are more prevalent in temperate climates, as an open central court can be an important aid to cooling house in warm weather. However, courtyard houses have been found in harsher climates as well for centuries. The comforts offered by a courtyard—air, light, privacy, security, and tranquility—are properties nearly universally desired in human housing.
Comparison throughout the world[edit]
Courtyard in the Quetzalpapálotl ruin complex at Teotihuacan, 5th century AD.
The Court of the Lions, Alhambra, Granada, Andalusia
Ur, 2000 BC — two-storey houses constructed around an open square were built of fired brick. Kitchen, working, and public spaces were located on the ground floor, with private rooms located upstairs.[2]
The central uncovered area in a Roman domus was referred to as an atrium. Today, we generally use the term courtyard to refer to such an area, reserving the word atrium to describe a glass-covered courtyard. Roman atrium houses were built side by side along the street. They were one-storey homes without windows that took in light from the entrance and from the central atrium. The hearth, which used to inhabit the centre of the home, was relocated, and the Roman atrium most often contained a central pool used to collect rainwater, called an impluvium. These homes frequently incorporated a second open-air area, the garden, which would be surrounded by Greek-style colonnades, forming a peristyle. This created a colonnaded walkway around the perimeter of the courtyard, which influenced monastic structures centuries later.
Courtyard houses in the Middle East reflect the nomadic influences of the region. Instead of officially designating rooms for cooking, sleeping, etc., these activities were relocated throughout the year as appropriate to accommodate the changes in temperature and the position of the sun. Often the flat rooftops of these structures were used for sleeping in warm weather. In some Islamic cultures, private courtyards provided the only outdoor space for women to relax unobserved.
A Chinese courtyard in Beijing
The traditional Chinese courtyard house, e.g., siheyuan, is an arrangement of several individual houses around a square. Each house belongs to a different family member, and additional houses are created behind this arrangement to accommodate additional family members as needed. The Chinese courtyard is a place of privacy and tranquility, almost always incorporating a garden and water feature. In some cases, houses are constructed with multiple courtyards that increase in privacy as they recede from the street. Strangers would be received in the outermost courtyard, with the innermost ones being reserved for close friends and family members.
Hooper House
In a more contemporary version of the Chinese model, a courtyard can also can be used to separate a home into wings; for example, one wing of the house may be for entertaining/dining, and the other wing may be for sleeping/family/privacy. This is exemplified by the Hooper House in Baltimore, Maryland.
The medieval European farmhouse embodies what we think of today as one of the most archetypal examples of a courtyard house—four buildings arranged around a square courtyard with a steep roof covered by thatch. The central courtyard was used for working, gathering, and sometimes keeping small livestock. An elevated walkway frequently ran around two or three sides of the courtyards in the houses. Such structures afforded protection, and could even be made defensible.
In the first half of the 20th century, a trend developed in the sunbelt regions of the United States around Courtyard houses, especially in California and Florida. Designers such as the Davis family and the Zwebell family developed houses that used Mediterranean architecture. Using very carefully planned courtyards, they managed to create a sense of community, safety and scale. Using various levels of private/public gradations, these courtyard houses were so successful that they have been copied throughout the sunbelt regions of the United States.
Relevance today[edit]
Fort Hall replica, the courtyard, Pocatello, Idaho
More and more, architects are investigating ways that courtyards can play a role in the development of today's homes and cities. In densely populated areas, a courtyard in a home can provide privacy for a family, a break from the frantic pace of everyday life, and a safe place for children to play. With space at a premium, architects are experimenting with courtyards as a way to provide outdoor space for small communities of people at a time. A courtyard surrounded by 12 houses, for example, would provide a shared park-like space for those families, who could take pride in ownership of the space. Though this might sound like a modern-day solution to an inner city problem, the grouping of houses around a shared courtyard was common practice among the Incas as far back as the 13th century[citation needed].
In San Francisco, the floor plans of "marina style" houses often include a central patio, a miniature version of an open courtyard, sometimes covered with glass or a translucent material. Central patios provide natural light to common areas and space for potted outdoor plants. In Gilgit/Baltistan, Pakistan, courtyards were traditionally used for public gatherings where village related issues were discussed. These were different from jirgahs, which are a tradition of the tribal regions of Pakistan.
Enclosed spaces[edit]
Bahia Palace, Marrakesh, Morocco
Daisen-in, a sub-temple of Daitoku-ji, one of the five most important Zen temples of Kyoto
Rome, Italy, a courtyard
Saint-Émilion's Romanesque ruins
City Palace, Udaipur, India
Tripoli, the Karamanli House
Interior of the ING Building, Edmonton, Canada
The courtyard and the pool in Rakib-khaaneh mansion in Isfahan, Iran
Central patio in Buenos Aires, Antonio Ballvé Penintetiary Museum
Courtyard in Essaouira, Morocco
Courtyard in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, USA
^ Garfinkel Y. 1993. "The Yarmukian Culture in Israel". Paleorient, 19.1:115 – 134.
^ Tim McNeese (1999), History of Civilization - The Ancient World, Lorenz Educational Press, p. 10 ISBN 9780787703875
Atrium: Five Thousand Years of Open Courtyards, by Werner Blaser 1985, Wepf & Co.
Atrium Buildings: Development and Design, by Richard Saxon 1983, The Architectural Press, London
A History of Architecture, by Spiro Kostof 1995, The Oxford Press.
Rooms and spaces of a house
Shared residential rooms
Billiard room
Hearth room
Dirty kitchen
Bedroom / Guest room
Conversation pit
Entryway / Genkan
Overhang
Secret passage
Utility and storage
Box room
Electrical room
Furnace room / Boiler room
Janitorial closet
Laundry room / Utility room
Mechanical room / floor
Root cellar
Semi-basement
Spear closet
Storm cellar / Safe room
Wiring closet / Demarcation point
Great house areas
Antechamber
Fainting room
Great chamber
Long gallery
Saucery
Servants' hall
Servants' quarters
State room
Still room
Secondary suite
Single-family detached home
Category: Rooms
Retrieved from "http://en.turkcewiki.org/w/index.php?title=Courtyard&oldid=906317290"


Astrology Palm reading is the most important part of astrology services. Right hand palm lines describe different characteristics in comparison of left hand palm lines. Many countries may scoff on this art but else many other countries have accepted this skilled art that really works for the believers of it. Palm reading needs skills and complete knowledge about it.
Each line on hand describe about your nature, married life, life line, love relationship, business, career or any other issues. In other words your future is contained in your lines on palm. Palm reading is an easy task by learning basic symbolism of palm structure. The lines that run on your palm, mount of the lines, shape of hand, fingers and thumb everything describe unique characteristics about your life. Palmistry is the earlier art of Indian astrology.
Human's hand is in whole divided into three main sections that represents the fingers, mid part and lower half. Each section depicts own specialties.
First one part is fingers that represent the mind and higher self. Mid part of the hand represents the daily to daily life activities and about your subconscious mind. Lower part describes about your primal instincts, consciousness and other characteristics. Palmistry is all about the symmetry, proportions of your formed hand.
Thumb and finger represent a lot about human; you can know loads of things by analyzing them. A thumb is divided into three phalanges. Tip of thumb represent your will power. If your thumb is of club shaped then it depicts your criminal tendency. If thump tip is long and pointed then it represents your creativity and intelligence. The part of thumb I.e. phalange depicts your logic capability. Humans would be more strategic and creative if this phalange is longer. The base part of the thumb represents your emotion, grace, empathy and compassion. More this part is flatter and flashier then more that person is sensitive and compassionate.
Your middle finger represents that you have good fortune and career and it represents the Jupiter planet. Middle finger is known for Saturn and represents limitation and restrictions of life. The ring finger is known for Apollo and depicts your self-control and self-expression. Pinky finger represents the planet mercury and depicts your ability to communicate with other peoples and how you sustain relationship. Longer and straight fingers depicts that you have good fortune in every field of life.
The mount of mercury below the index finger represents that you have leadership quality and you are ambitious and honor and love relationship strong.
Mount of Saturn below the middle finger represents that you are more sobriety, wisdom and introversion person. Mount of Apollo below the ring finger represents that you are more creative, extroversion type, impulsiveness.
In hand there is heart line, life line that represents that how long will you live. There are other so many little lines that do not show in many hands because these lines very thin and little but these lines represents that girdle of Venus and lines start from the mount of the Jupiter and Mercury and live around the little finger.
Palmistry is the beneficial outcome of our ancient astrologer's valuable knowledge that is more proficient and skilled. Palm reader specialist astrologer is the best person, can provide you effective services of palmistry.
Your right hand tells you about who are you/ and left hand describe everything when you came in this world and with along with what things you were born. It has been considered that read the hand of person with he/she writes as it is considered that that hand is the dominant hand.


It's best to establish a long-term strategy and stick with it rather than make frequent changes. After all, a strategy change can require additional resources and create confusion for both customers and employees. However, sometimes organizational strategy must change as a result of outside factors. Think of buggy whips after the invention of the car and photographic film after the invention of the digital camera.
Likewise, your operational excellence strategy must be flexible enough to accommodate changes as needed — hopefully, early enough to minimize non-value-added activities and expenditures and maximize positive outcomes. Consider the following signals that might indicate a need for an operational excellence (OpEx) strategy review and adjustment.
Clearly, if your organization delivers something that is becoming obsolete, you will need to shift your strategic and tactical OpEx focus away from that to the areas in which the organization will participate in the future. The skeleton of your OpEx strategy, if it's healthy, remains intact, but your efforts will be remobilized to new content areas with appropriate training, investment, and resources.
The OpEx strategy must align with the organizational strategy, so it must follow when the organization shifts. In fact, the OpEx team may be engaged in bringing the need for a shift in organizational strategy to the attention of the leadership team. OpEx teams are often responsible for analyzing customer satisfaction data and may see leading indicators of trouble before major shifts in customer needs occur.
Here, the change in OpEx strategy is for continuing alignment with the developing organizational strategy.
It is possible for operational excellence to move along without visible support from organizational leadership. However, this lower-level effort, even with high levels of shop floor engagement, is not optimal. This path won't deliver maximum results. Improvement teams are at risk of being disbanded when leadership determines efforts are needed in other areas.
Any of these situations requires change in the operational excellence strategy or at least in the communications and compensation related to it. This situation may require going back to the basics of OpEx strategy to be sure all required elements are in place.
This serious situation is demotivating both for working teams and for leadership. Team members may become frustrated when they are not seeing results even though they are doing a lot of work. Leadership may begin to question why they're dedicating valuable resources to something that isn't delivering a return on investment (ROI).
Here, you need to look at the work itself and its measurement. In some cases, you may have set long-term strategic goals that are so far in the future that no measured results achievement is reported for many quarters — even though you're on the exact path needed. If this is the case, adding short-term milestones can help teams to recognize and reinforce goal achievement on the path to the long-term goals.
On the other hand, if people are working hard—and smart—but goals are still elusive, it's time to relook at the OpEx strategy to see whether you have the right goals, resources, skills, and other factors in place to make goal achievement possible.
This is an achievement worth celebrating. At the same time, this positive situation should trigger an evaluation of the strategy. It might be that the OpEx goals were not challenging enough, perhaps from uncertainty or "sand-bagging" during the goal-setting process. Or, it could be that the implementation teams have reached new levels of performance and are now leapfrogging expectations.
Again, a bit of root cause analysis (RCA) can help you understand the underlying reason for this success. Moving forward, the OpEx strategy may need to include more challenging goals.
A strategy provides a long-term path to achieving desired visionary outcomes. Implementing such a strategy means acting on it. This action requires the right combination of communication, leadership, skills, and motivation. If any of these critical factors is missing, you'll end up with a confused or reluctant workforce. You might need to jumpstart your continuous improvement (CI) efforts to trigger engagement.
This change in OpEx strategy helps to ensure that the behavioral, non-process-focused elements of the strategy are included.
Change often creates risk, flux, and confusion. Michael Porter, one of the world's leading thinkers on strategy, said that, "Strategy must have continuity. It can't be constantly reinvented." While you do want to consider these signs that indicate a possible need for a change in strategy, the evaluation must be thoughtful and systematic. Don't change strategy just because a new person is in a leadership role or because short-term belt tightening is needed. Use the same systematic approach to assess changing your OpEx strategy that you used when creating it.
For help in defining, assessing, or implementing your operational excellence strategy, contact EON.


text:
Jimbe Drainage
Country/territory: Zambia
BirdWatch Zambia
2013 very high not assessed low
The area lies at the northernmost tip of the North Western Province, extending southwards and eastwards from the borders with the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola (in the north and west) towards Muhonge Local Forest (No. 73). Miombo dominates the vegetation, but there are a few patches of grassland and, most importantly, a network of streams that are lined with moist evergreen forest.
See Box and Table 3 for key species. The area holds many species that are endemic to the Guinea–Congo Forests biome. Those with the most restricted ranges in Zambia include Sarothrura pulchra, Alcedo leucogaster, Campethera caroli, Bias flammulatus and Platysteira castanea. Ploceus superciliosus probably breeds in areas where forest and grassland meet and Ptyrticus turdinus would appear to be sparse. A wide range of Zambezian biome endemics also occur. One species of the Afrotropical Highlands biome is present: Bradypterus alfredi.
Non-bird biodiversity: These are among the most notable forests in Zambia, as they hold many taxa typical of the Guinea–Congo Forests biome. Much of the fauna has a highly restricted distribution in Zambia. Snakes include Philothamnus carinatus, Causus lichtensteinii and Thelotornis kirtlandii. Several species of dragonfly are endemic to the area.
BirdLife International (2021) Important Bird Areas factsheet: Jimbe Drainage. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 18/01/2021.


This training was carried out in the communities of the FLONA (National Forest Reserve) Tapajós (Santarém-PA).
Primate occurance data collection in RAPELD sites.
Adriane Esquivel Muelbert - BR 319 MODULEs 04, 06 and 07 camps. October - November 2016.
Fieldwork to collect botanical data and to remeasure the vegetation structure in the PPBio plots along the BR 319.
Flávia Santana - PhD scholarship Toronto University, Canada 2016.
The relationship between seed dispersal and their spatial distribution throughout the life stages of sub - canopy forest grasses.
Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa - camp at BR 319 MODULE 01, June 2016.
Technical trip report in module 01 to check the plot's situation after wildfires in 2015.
Report concerning the target groups course held in the Adolpho Ducke Forest Reserve and other areas of the lower black-waters conservation area. The course was attended by professors and undergraduate students from the University of Salford-England.
Project report: "Biological Inventories in the Western Amazon, Manaus."
Final evaluation report of the research project, MCTI / CNPq / No. 35/2012 - PPBio / Geoma - Research Networks, Monitoring and Modeling in Biodiversity and Ecosystems.
Field trip report for botanical data collection and vegetation structure in PPBio plots along the BR 319.
Field trip report for data collection of presence-absence and abundance of primates and lizards in PPBio plots along the BR 319.
Project report: "Knowledge of biodiversity in Southern Amazonia: integrated information to support conservation plans and sustainable use.
Evaluation Form for Research Project Report MCTI / CNPq / No. 35/2012 - PPBio / Geoma - Research Networks, Monitoring and Modeling in Biodiversity and Ecosystems.
Project Report: "Measuring and monitoring biodiversity in fragmented landscapes and in areas where there are biological information gaps in the the state of Acre."
Evaluation Form for Research Project Report. Call MCTI / CNPq / No. 35/2012 - PPBio / Geoma - Research Networks, Monitoring and Modeling in Biodiversity and Ecosystems.
Projet report: "Bioprospecting and the use of Amazonian biodiversity and the maintenance and expansion of biological collections."
Project Report: "PPBio Research Network Western Amazonia.
This report aims to publicize the activities developed in Viruá National Park (PNV) linked to its Research and Monitoring Program in the 2005-2008 period.
Roraima Regional Center's activities report in the 2006-2009 period.
PRISCILA ALENCAR AZARAK report (PPBio / Roraima) - Amphibian Diversity Of Two Cities Lavrado (Savannah) of Roraima.
Report JOSE JULIAN RODRIGUEZ QUITIAQUEZ (Fellow DTI / PPBio) - Birds as potential dispersers of seeds in two areas of Savannah in Roraima (Cauamé and Good Water).
Participants: PPBio Coordinator: Dr. William Magnusson, Scholarship Management Program in Science and Technology - PGCT of FAPEAM: Dayane Mayely Silva de Oliveira, Maria Aparecida de Freitas, Ricardo Romero Laertes. Period: 19 to 22 September 2011.


Indeed, her family members inspire us during these days as the love of Christ is transparent in their interactions with those who would console and seek to be consoled. Trevelyn's creativity, intellect and kindness drew the campus to her. In a brief memorial service in Reid Chapel last night, Larry Thompson, the gentle giant from our School of the Arts, spoke with eloquence when he began his remarks by saying, "I don't have any kids, so my students are family. I lost a child this weekend." In a time not too distant, we will see her again.
Rest in peace, Trevelyn. The world is better because you lived among us for 19 years.


Home » Articles » Things To Do » Rock Island Hosting NFL Draft Pick!
Rock Island Hosting NFL Draft Pick!
Are you ready for some football… drafting???
Rock Island sure is, the city that rocks is hosting the sixth round picks in this year's NFL draft and having a hometown event for the whole family in conjunction with the kickoff.
The entire community is invited to join in celebration on April 27th at the Austin E. Knowlton Athletic Complex at Augustana College.
*Be there by 2:00 pm to be a part of this historic occasion!
Nearly 100 years after the National Football League was born in Canton, Ohio, the NFL is celebrating the 13 communities, including Rock Island, that were home to the 14 teams of its inaugural season. The initiative is part of 'NFL100,' a year-long commemoration of its centennial season bringing together generations of football fans, players, communities and all 32 clubs for a unique line-up of programming and activities.
During the 2019 NFL Draft, selections from Rock Island and 7 of the league's "Original Towns" outside of the 32 current NFL markets will be made live in the telecast. Our hometown celebration will showcase Rock Island's history alongside fans and elected officials.
The gates will open at noon on April 27, 2019 and there will be a Family Fun Zone featuring bounce houses, carnival games, prizes and goodie bags for the first 150 children. A Youth Skills Clinic, presented by Xtream, for girls and boys in 1st -6th grade will begin at 12:30 pm (check in at 12:00 pm). This one hour clinic will be led by Rock Island High School, Alleman High School, and Augustana College football teams and will include on-the-field skills, drills, and fun for all skill levels. Preregistration is required for this free clinic with limited spaces. Register (Sign Up for Skills Clinic) before April 12th to guarantee a t-shirt. A DJ will be playing music and food and beverage concessions will be available for purchase from Augustana College and Bent River Brewing Company. At 2:00 pm there will be a re-creation of the game that took place in September of 1920. The Vintage Football Game, presented by Ericksen Chevrolet, featuring the Rock Island Independents vs. the St. Paul Ideals will have historical uniforms and game rules. The NFL will be announcing a 6th round pick from Rock Island between 2:00 pm and 4:30 pm. Event activities will break during this time so the pick can be announced live. T-shirts will be available for purchase to commemorate this event.
To support Friends of Douglas Park in rejuvenating and maintaining the vitality of Douglas Park as a local, state and national historical legacy and destination, as well as a safe, well-known and proud location for a variety of neighborhood, community and regional activities you can help in many ways including joining the Friends with a $20.00 annual membership, donating your time by volunteering for work day projects or fundraising events, or purchasing merchandise for sale. Contact FODP at kc76ers@msn.com to get involved.
For more event information call Rock Island Parks and Recreation at (309) 732-7275. For inclement weather on event day, please contact (309) 732-RAIN.


Watch any cop show regularly and you've bound to see them using tactical lights on their pistols sometime. Many of today's semi-automatics come with a rail under the barrel, making it easy to attach a tactical light to them. But even if you're using an older design, without a rail, it's still possible to use a handheld tactical light in your support hand and gain the benefit of that lighting. The question is… should you?
Granted, there are situations where a tactical light could come in handy, especially when trying to clear a building in the dark. But even so, there are dangers in using that light. While it might show you where the bad guys are, it will show them where you are; and it will do that at a much longer distance.
Anyone who has ever used a flashlight outdoors, searching for something, should recognize this. You can see someone's flashlight from a long ways away; at least a few hundred meters for a tactical light. But that same light might only make things clear enough to distinguish for 50 feet or less. A focused beam might work a little farther; but even that is limited.
On the other hand, any light really stands out in the dark. How far away can you see the porch light on a house? That's not even as bright as most tactical lights, yet you can often pick them out from a mile away, especially out in the country on a dark night.
That makes it sound like it's not a good idea to use tactical lights, because of the danger of showing yourself and attracting the shots of the bad guys. But then, what are you supposed to do?
The key to using a tactical light, without making yourself a target, is to use it intermittently. Never just keep it on and search with it. Rather, turn it on for just a second, so that your eyes can take a snapshot of what's ahead of you, then turn it off, allowing your mind to process what you just saw.
The other part of this is to move to the side, as soon as you turn it off. That way, even if someone did see the light and decides to take a snap shot at it, you won't be in the same spot. So their shot should miss you.
This same technique can be used with both gun-mounted and handheld lights, assuming that the light has a momentary switch and that the switch for the gun-mounted light is where one of your fingers can actuate it, without having to change your grip. Most of the ones that mount under the pistol's barrel allow for this, but be sure to check the one you buy, before making your purchase.
A gun mounted light is easier to use than a handheld tactical light, because you can keep both hands on the gun, using your normal grip and stance. If you are using a handheld tactical light, you will only have one hand on the gun, so you won't be as steady as normal, affecting your shooting accuracy. Even if you are using the hand with the light as a rest for your other hand, it still won't be as stable as your normal grip.
While tactical lights can be useful, they really don't help you with aiming your pistol, unless you hold the light on, making yourself a highly visible target. Something else is needed for aiming, making it possible to see your sights in low light situations. That something is sights which are made for shooting in low light.
There are two basic types of pistol sights designed for low light situations; fiber optic and tritium. Fiber optic sights have colored plastic fibers which collect available light and reflect it down to the ends, making the ends of the fiber look like a bright colored dot. This is an improvement over the idea of painting white dots on the front and rear sights, to make them more visible.
Tritium sights improve on this, by providing their own light source. Tritium is a radioactive gas, with a 12 year half-life. It has been used in the making of watch faces that can be seen at night for most of a century. Encapsulated in small glass capsules that replace the three spots on the front and rear sights, they literally allow you to see your sights in total darkness.
Of course, you don't want to shoot at a target that you can't see. But once you've positively identified the target, using a gun with fiber optic or tritium sights allows you to engage that target, without using your tactical light. That's much safer for you and much more deadly for them. So, you might want to consider modifying your pistol a bit; changing out the sights and mounting a tactical light. That way, you'll be ready should anything happen at night. Seems to go right along with keeping your powder dry and your survival gear close at hand.


Archer Flask - Danger Zone!
Item is an 8oz stainless steel flask, precision sandblasted for a permanent and brilliant etch. Perfect for alcohol, the stuff they clean hospitals with!
These are made to order, and will ship 3-5 business days from purchase.
Bob's Burgers Inspired Flask - Tina Belcher "Butts"
Rick and Morty Inspired Flask - RIggety Riggety Wrecked!
Lumpy Space Princess Flask - "Lump Off!"


text:
The Desmostylia (from Greek δεσμά desma, "bundle", and στῦλος stylos, "pillar") are an extinct order of aquatic mammals that existed from the early Oligocene (Rupelian) to the late Miocene (Tortonian) ().

Desmostylians are the only known extinct order of marine mammals.

The Desmostylia, together with Sirenia and Proboscidea (and possibly Embrithopoda), have traditionally been assigned to the afrotherian clade Tethytheria, a group named after the paleoocean Tethys around which they originally evolved. The relationship between the Desmostylia and the other orders within the Tethytheria has been disputed; if the common ancestor of all tethytheres was semiaquatic, the Proboscidea became secondarily terrestrial; alternatively, the Desmostylia and Sirenia could have evolved independently into aquatic mammals. The assignment of Desmostylia to Afrotheria has always been problematic from a biogeographic standpoint, given that Africa was the locus of the early evolution of the Afrotheria while the Desmostylia have only been found along the Pacific Rim. That assignment has been seriously undermined by a 2014 cladistic analysis that places anthracobunids and desmostylians, two major groups of putative non-African afrotheres, close to each other within the laurasiatherian order Perissodactyla. However, a subsequent study shows that, while anthracobunids are definite perissodactyls, desmostylians share the same number of characteristics necessary for either Paenungulata or Perissodactyla, making their former assessment as afrotheres a possibility.

Description

Desmostylians were large, fully aquatic quadrupeds with massive limbs and short tails. The smallest is Ashoroa laticosta, a relatively large animal at a body length of 168 cm, while the largest species reached sizes comparable to  Steller's sea cow.

A desmostylian skull has an elongated and broadened rostrum, with the nasal opening located slightly dorsally. The zygomatic arches are prominent (behind the eyes), the paroccipital processes elongated (downward-pointing processes behind the jaw-joints), and the epitympanic sinuses open into the temporal fossae (cavities above the ear holes).

The mandible and maxilla typically have forward-pointing incisors and canine tusks, followed by a long postcanine diastema, partly because of the reduced number of premolars. The cusps of the premolars and molars are composed of densely packed cylinders of thick enamel, giving the order its name ("bundle of columns"). The primitive dental formula is 3.1.4.3, with a trilobate fourth deciduous premolar. The cheek teeth are brachydont and bunodont in primitive genera, but hypsodont in later genera such as Desmostylus, which has many supernumerary cusps.

In the postcrania, the clavicle is absent and the sternum consists of a series of heavy, paired, plate-like sternebrae. In adults, the joints between the radius and ulna prevent any movements. The metacarpals are longer than metatarsals, and each foot has four digits (digit I is vestigial).

Behaviour
Their dental and skeletal forms suggest that desmostylians were aquatic herbivores dependent on littoral habitats. Their name refers to their highly distinctive molars, in which each cusp was modified into hollow columns, so a typical molar would have resembled a cluster of pipes, or in the case of worn molars, volcanoes. (This may reflect the close relationship between the Paenungulata, to which this group has been assigned, and the Tubulidentata.)

Desmostylus did not chew or eat like any other known animal.  It clenched its teeth, rooted up plants with the help of tusks and powerful neck, and then sucked them in using strong throat muscles and the shape of the roof of the mouth.

Desmostylians are believed to be aquatic because of a combination of characteristics. Their legs seemed to be adapted for terrestrial locomotion, while a number of other parameters confirms their aquatic nature:
 Fossils have been found in marine strata.
 The nares are retracted and the orbits are raised like in other aquatic mammals.
 Levels of stable isotopes in their tooth enamel suggest an aquatic diet and environment (carbon and oxygen) and fresh or brackish water (strontium).
 Their spongy bone structure is similar to that of cetaceans.

Based on a comparison of trunk and limb proportions,  concluded that desmostylians were more terrestrial than aquatic and clearly fore limb-dominated swimmers, hence they were more similar to "sea bears" than "sea sloths" (as proposed by other researchers.) However, a more recent and detailed analysis of desmostylian bone structure has revealed them to be fully aquatic, like sirenians and cetaceans, with their limbs being incapable of supporting their own weight on land. More recent studies vindicate this assessment, as desmostylians had a thoracic morphology more similar to sirenians and modern cetaceans than to that of semiaquatic mammals. Its less dense bone structure suggests that Desmostylus had a lifestyle of active swimming and possibly feeding at the surface, while other desmostylians were primarily slow swimmers and/or bottom walkers and sea grass feeders.

Habitat
A 2017 study on Desmostylus and Paleoparadoxia shows that the former preferred areas shallower than 30 m, while the latter occurred in deep, offshore waters.

Distribution
Desmostylian fossils are known from the northern Pacific Rim, from southern Japan through Russia, the Aleutian Islands, and the Pacific coast of North America to the southern tip of Baja California. They range from the Early Oligocene to the late Miocene.

Extinction
Desmostylians, being fully marine herbivores, are thought to have been outcompeted ecologically by dugongid sirenians. In particular, later species like Neoparadoxia are more specialised than previous forms, suggesting increased divergence to compete with sirenians, and sirenian diversity appears to increase with desmostylian decline. Both desmostylians and North Pacific dugongids were apparently kelp specialists, as opposed to marine herbivorous mammals from other regions, with diets primarily composed of seagrass.

Classification

The type species Desmostylus hesperus was originally classified from a few teeth and vertebrae as a sirenian by , but doubts arose a decade later when more complete fossils were discovered in Japan.  also proposed that they belonged to the Sirenia. One of the most comprehensive collections of desmostylian teeth was amassed by paleontologist John C. Merriam, who concluded on the basis of the molar structure and repeated occurrence in marine beds that the animals had been aquatic, and were probably sirenian.

In 1926, the Austrian palaeontologist Othenio Abel suggested origins with monotremes, like the duck-billed platypus, and in 1933, he even created the order "Desmostyloidea", which he placed within the Multituberculata. Abel died shortly after World War II, and his classification won few supporters and has been ignored since.

Because desmostylians were originally known only from skull fragments, teeth, and bits of other bones, general agreement was that they had had flippers and a fin-like tail. The discovery of a complete skeleton from Sakhalin Island in 1941, however, showed that they possessed four legs, with bones as stout as a hippopotamus', and justified the creation of a new order for the desmostylians, described by .

A major find was announced in October 2015 after scientists examined an extensive group of giant, tusked, quadruped, marine mammal fossils. This northernmost to date species discovery had been unearthed during excavation for the construction of a school in Unalaska, in the Aleutian Islands. A rendition of a group was drawn by Alaskan artist Ray Troll.

Despite their similarities to manatees and elephants, desmostylians were entirely unlike any living creatures. Douglas Emlong's 1971 discovery of the new genus Behemotops from Oregon showed that early desmostylians had more proboscidean-like teeth and jaws than later ones. Despite this discovery, their relationships to manatees and proboscids remain unresolved. The analysis of Cooper et al. (2014) indicates the similarities with manatees and elephants may be a result of convergence and that they may instead be basal perissodactyls.

 proposed a new classification of Paleoparadoxiidae:
 Order Desmostylia Reinhart, 1953
 Family Paleoparadoxiidae Reinhart, 1959
 Subfamily Behemotopsinae (Inuzuka, 1987)
 Behemotops Domning, Ray, and McKenna, 1986
 Behemotops proteus Domning, Ray, and McKenna, 1986 (including Behemotops emlongi Domning, Ray, and McKenna, 1986)
 Behemotops katsuiei Inuzuka, 2000b
 Subfamily Paleoparadoxiinae (Reinhart, 1959)
 Archaeoparadoxia
 Archaeoparadoxia weltoni (Clark, 1991)
 Paleoparadoxia Reinhart, 1959
 Paleoparadoxia tabatai (Tokunaga, 1939), (= Paleoparadoxia media Inuzuka, 2005)
 Neoparadoxia Barnes 2013
 Neoparadoxia repenningi (Domning and Barnes, 2007)
 Neoparadoxia cecilialina Barnes 2013

References

Further reading

External links

Tortonian extinctions
Prehistoric placental mammals
Rupelian first appearances
Fossil taxa described in 1959
Taxa named by Roy Herbert Reinhart

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia