Motion detection brings dynamic monitoring so the system can automatically start recording once triggered.
The A4B2 4 Channel AHD DVR kit with four cameras is an inexpensive security system that's quick and easy to deploy and brings comprehensive surveillance. Including 4-night vision cameras, all you need is a simple display and some coaxial cable to have a complete security system at your disposal. The cameras' video streams are encoded by the DVR using the h.264 codec as it writes to the HDD. This allows the video files to be effectively compressed without degradation to quality for far better storage. The DVR comes kitted out with a 1TB hard disk drive that can easily be swapped for a higher capacity one (up to 6TB) if required.
The 4 rugged cameras that come with this DVR kit have a full metal body construction and with their IP66 cases, they can be located indoors or out. Each camera has a 1/4 inch CMOS sensor capable of capturing high definition 720p video at 25 or 30 FPS so you get excellent footage. With their 36 IR LEDS they can see up to 20 meters at night and the fully adjustable wall brackets let you mount them at any conceivable angle.
The DVR has a Linux based operating system with graphical user interface which is clear and easy navigate using the included USB mouse. This system is well laid out so you can effortlessly set up recording modes, motion detection areas and playback recorded footage.
Equipped with a network port means that this DVR can be configured for remote access, this lets you use an internet connected PC, tablet or another device to review any recorded footage or watch the live feed remotely. Now you can check in at the office when you're away or monitor your home when on holiday.
This 4 camera DVR security system is hard to beat for the money and comes with 12 months warranty, brought to you by the leader in electronic devices as well as wholesale NVR and DVR security systems..


text:
Q: im trying to add an if else statement for when the form is posted and wether or not the user include files or not? how would I do an if / else statement for such? the user has the option of adding images or not. if the add images, i want the if to run and if they dont I want the else to run because depending on whether or not the add an image they will have two different end.
if (isset($_POST['formsubmitted'])) {

if (isset($_POST['name'])){  }else{  }

if (isset($_POST['state'])){  }else{  }

if (isset($_FILES['images']['name'])) { echo 'images'; exit;} else {echo 'no images'; exit;}

} #end main form submitted

if (isset($_FILES['images']['name'])) dosnt work because as of now even when no images are submitted it still says images submitted.
the html file fields are:
<form>
<input type='file' name='images[]' id=''>
<input type='file' name='images[]' id=''>
<input type='file' name='images[]' id=''>
<input type = "submit">
</form>

A: You should try this

Submit.php

<?php
// those index are empty the array filter remove this

echo "without filter"."
";
print_r($_FILES['images']['name']);

echo "filter"."
";
$usersFileUpload = array_filter($_FILES['images']['name']);
print_r($usersFileUpload);

$usersFileUploadCount = count($usersFileUpload);

for($i=0;$i<=$usersFileUploadCount;$i++){
    echo $usersFileUpload[$i]."
";

    // insert Table
}
?>

HtmlForm.php

<form action="submit.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" name="images">
<input type='file' name='images[]' id=''>

<input type='file' name='images[]' id=''>

<input type='file' name='images[]' id=''>
<input name="" type="submit" />
</form>

See the image for verification 1

See the image for verification 2

A: im not sure i understand, i think you are trying to do this.
if (isset($_FILES['name']) && isset($_FILES['images']))

A: Try checking to see if $_FILES['images']['error'][$x] is equal to 4. If I recall correctly, that's indicative of an error with the upload.
Obviously, do that for each iteration of your images uploader, so essentially replace $x with the key for the uploader array.
Remember, an empty array is still a set array.
See: http://uk3.php.net/manual/en/features.file-upload.errors.php
Also: http://uk3.php.net/manual/en/features.file-upload.php   <-- Manuals. Handy!

A: Try this
if($_FILES['your-name-file']['error'] == 4) {
            //process your error
    }

It's work for me!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Les épreuves de luge aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1976 ont lieu sur la piste d'Igls du 4 au .

Médailles

Podiums

Tableau des médailles

Résultats

Simple hommes

Simple femmes

Double

Notes et références

1976
Épreuve aux Jeux olympiques d'hiver de 1976
Jeux olympiques 1976

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Vapor Shirt 100% 5.9 oz Spun Polyester, Sublimation Printing Process. If you wish to order more than one shirt with difference sizes, please email us with the sizes to greatind@aol.com subject line should say more than one shirt.
Brighter White Basic T, 100% 5.9oz Spun Polyester, Adult, Short Sleeve. Styled and designed to allow for maximum movement and comfort and to wick moisture away from the body with antimicrobial and anti-stain features.


text:
As Cable Gains in Prime Time, Broadcasters' Cachet Is at Stake
Joe FlintStaff Reporter of The Wall Street Journal
Updated May 8, 2003 12:01 am ET
Next week, NBC, CBS, ABC and Fox will start touting their fall lineups to advertisers. But it won't be as easy as it used to be.
That's because last year, for the first time, basic-cable channels drew a bigger share of the prime-time audience than did the broadcast networks, according to analysis of Nielsen Media Research.
Broadcasters have...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Here at our cleaning service, our customer's complete satisfaction is the number one priority for our Windsor Mill cleaning service. This is why we aim to provide our clients with quality service because we understand that you expect nothing less than the very best. When you pick our cleaners for move out cleaning service in Windsor Mill MD 21244, you are selecting dependable specialists who provide personal service at an exceptional price. Our experienced home cleaning experts will keep your house gleaming so all that you need to do is to come home and unwind.
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text:
Sony MDR-10RNC Review
Very good noise cancellation and comfort may be plenty for many users, though we do wish these cans sounded better.
By Mike Kobrin published 18 February 14
Effective noise cancellation
Plays music with or without power
Subpar sound
No volume buttons on inline controller
Tom's Guide Verdict
Today's best Sony MDR-10RNC Review deals
For more information visit their website
Sony's MDR-10RNC ($270) is the more affordable version of the company's top-of-the-line MDR-1RNC ($500) noise-cancelling headphones. With similar styling to its big brother, the MDR-10RNC claims to block 99 percent of external noise, using sensors inside and outside the earcups. It also offers powered or unpowered listening. However, did Sony cut too many corners in the audio department to get the price down that low?
The MDR-10RNC's swiveling earcups are styled in a fashion-friendly matte black with silver and red accents mounted on a well-padded headband. The headphones fit easily in the included case, which is fairly protective compared with softer pouches like the one paired with the Logitech UE 6000. The two supplied cables are detachable, and one has an inline mic/controller that handles playback, calls and Siri, but oddly not volume. The package also comes with an airplane attenuator and a triple-A battery, which slips into a compartment in the right earcup. You'll find the power switch and a button that adjusts the noise-cancellation strength. Built-in mics in each earcup monitor ambient noise.
MORE: The Best Headphones Available Now
Bose is still the comfort king among noise cancellers, but Sony does quite well with the MDR-10RNC's comfy leather earpads. We were able to wear them on a cross-country flight without any pain. We prefer the Beats Studio's extra-thick earpads, but the Sony cans' headband is noticeably more comfy than the Beats' hard-rubber version.
Bose is also the undisputed winner in noise-cancellation effectiveness, but Sony turns in a strong effort here, too. The MDR-10RNC did a very good job of blocking out jet engine noise, though voices still seeped into our in-flight entertainment a bit; Bose does a better job with intermittent sounds as opposed to the droning whine of an engine. Music easily drowns out the slight hiss produced by the active noise-cancellation circuitry, which is really only noticeable if you're in an environment that's already quiet.
Sony's Artificial Intelligence Noise Cancellation (AINC) tailors the noise cancellation strength based on what the built-in mics "hear" around you. The effect is subtle, but we did notice less of a hiss. We also found a reduction in the somewhat odd feeling in our ears produced by noise cancellation when we used the feature in our living room as opposed to on a busy street or a noisy bus. Not everyone will find this feature useful, but we can imagine scenarios in which you might want to hear a little more of what's going on around you than if you were on an airplane. We didn't notice any significant impact of the AINC feature on battery life.
Audio Quality
The MDR-10RNC got significantly louder than the Bose QC15s when used with our iPhone and iPad, but not quite as loud as the potentially eardrum-crushing Beats Studio. The Sony headphones' midrange is a little muddy, so the male vocals on Mumford & Sons' "After the Rain" and the horns in John Coltrane's "Blue Train" lost their clarity and seemed muffled. Classical works such as Stravinsky's "L'Histoire du Soldat" (from Stereophile's Test CD2) suffered a similar loss of midrange definition.
Highs are also a bit lackluster, taking some of the sparkle out of complex tracks such as Ray Manzarek & Bal's "Shinjuku Nights." Brandi Carlile's vocals on "The Story," however, sound very good despite floating on top of a somewhat muffled acoustic guitar. Bass-heavy songs such as "What Does the Fox Say?" by Ylvis, and Jay-Z's "Holy Grail" have lots of low-end thump, but the bass is a little sloppy-sounding and lacks the muscular definition of the Beats Studio.
MORE: Our Favorite Soundbar Speakers
Sony claims you'll get about 20 hours of playback time out of a single AAA battery when using noise cancellation, and since you can just swap out the battery for a fresh one, we're not concerned about them keeping up with claims of longer life from competitors. And unlike the Bose QC15 headphones, the MDR-10RNC still plays music (without noise cancellation) when the battery is dead, albeit at a slightly lower volume.
The Sony MDR-10RNC is sturdy and comfortable with effective noise cancellation, but we prefer the sound of competitors like the Logitech UE 6000 and Beats Studio (with its exaggerated bass), despite those models having less-than-stellar noise cancellation. The lack of an inline volume control is also a questionable design choice, and we have a feeling the headphones could have been even cheaper if they skipped the ability to tailor the noise cancellation to the ambient noise level (which seems like a gratuitous gimmick). Still, if noise cancellation is your main priority and you want to save a few bucks over the Bose QuietComfort 15 (or 20i), the Sony MDR-10RNC headphones are a good alternative.
Latest Headphone and Earbud Reviews
Follow Mike on Google Plus.


Custom Print and Start Animation with Company LOGO, Phone #, Hashtag etc.
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Every single selection that you make for the wedding right from the the wedding cake to dresses, venue, outfits, and styling, they all reflect you. Even your wedding videography need not be any different, therefore, you need to keep away any kind of silly poses and senseless setups. Being one of the most recommended wedding videography service provider in Mississauga, we understand that best moments of your life are most spontaneous and unplanned ones. Your family and loved one will be the base of your wedding celebration.
Even after covering so many weddings our approach stays the same. Our sole aim is to keep focus on capturing the most unmatched features of your relationship on the day you decide to take your relationship to next level. We will cover everything right from preparation to walking down the aisle, speeches, as well as the first dance. Everything right from nervous anticipations, natural laughters, as well as tears of course and joy you go through on the day. If this sparks your interest in our approach and makes you think about scheduling an appointment with us, please make use of our contact details.


The Ghost Custom American Longbow range is a modern reflex/deflex flatbow design available in a 68" length and suitable for up to a 32 inch draw length.
This flatbow is 45lb@28" and is available as a stock item ready to ship now.
Hand crafted by Piero Stobbia this bow offers great speed, a very smooth draw with a hand shock free release and is suitable for a 32" draw length.
The Ghost Custom has a wonderfully smooth, stack free draw.
Piero Stobbia always loved archery and found his passion in traditional bows. He loved working with wood and when the day came that he started looking to upgrade his 'cheapy' bow he was surprised to see the variety and styles out there and became increasingly aware of the new-found momentum and interest in Traditional Archery worldwide. Piero just could not find 'the bow' for him. So he set out on this amazing journey and decided to learn and make his own bow. From a small work shop base he started making his own modern reflex-deflex, one-piece flatbow designs and loved the challenges and the uniqueness of each bow. Each one truly hand crafted and unique.
Each bow turned out to be a lesson and the satisfaction of building and creating a unique individual piece every time. This set him on a journey to combine his hobby and passion into a living. He firmly believes everyone should make a living from what they love and not just have an every day job to make their living.
The challenge with Ghost bows was to come up with a design that provides consistency and performs consistently with the ability to customise the look and feel to everyone's requirements without compromising on functionality or quality.
His aim for the custom bows represents the highest level of hand made quality using the best materials available. Piero tries to provide Ghost Bows customers with access to a large selection of exotic and action wood combinations.
Every custom bow is designed to the specification of the customer which results in a one-of-a-kind product in the hands of every Ghost Bow customer.


The Online Soft Landings Project explores project stakeholder communications for UK construction projects, at different stages of the Soft Landings process. In particular we've been working on the potential deployment of 360 imagery to enhance stakeholder understanding and capture contextual communications to comment, feedback, agree or other action.
We're grateful for the collaboration of the following project partners: BSRIA, COSTAIN, CJS Events, NCTech Imaging, and supported by City University and funded by InnovateUK.
The project runs November 2015-July 2016. We expect to launch new features from Octoner 2016.
Request a call to learn how this can impact your project.
Smarter stakeholder communciations to involve your clients and end users.
In November 2015 we started a new research project called "Online Soft Landings". Working with industry partners including BSRIA, COSTAIN, NCTech Imaging and CSJEvents, we are exploring the feasibility and capability for online stakeholder communications tools and digital media such as 360 photography,video and imported BIM content to support what is becoming a common process deployed in UK construction projects to deliver better outcomes for clients and end users.
Government Soft Landings is a version of the same process, and a mandatory requirement in procurement of all centrally funded buildings by April 2016. It is believed that as the process shows its fiscal benefits to clients in reducing waste in energy, operations and misaligned briefing, the rest of public sector and private sector projects across the AEC industry will follow suit.
This feasibility research project is part funded by InnovateUK and will complete in July 2016.
We are exploring ways to improve communications between design team, contractors, suppliers, clients and end users in the design, construction and operation of buildings. We are looking at Stickyworld's existing toolset, specifying and testing new tools, alongside content such as 360 photography, video and BIM content imported to Stickyworld's software.
Stickyworld leads the project. We are collaborating with BSRIA, COSTAIN, NCTech Imaging, and CJS (UK Management) Limited and grateful for everyone's expertise.
We are developing different 'room types' on our platform to support the different stages of the process. This includes from briefing rooms - where organisers will be able to crowdsource, analyse and export lists of user requirements at the outset of a project, through to post occupancy evaluation rooms, where organisers can host forums and run surveys about the completed building, all saving on traditional costs of capturing these insights.
The project is helping our team focus on supporting full project lifecycle uses for the Construction sector, but there will be technoligy developed and released to all which benefits any kind of complex design project with multiple stakeholder.
There is much in common with our Digitising Custom Build project, although that has more of a focus on marketing and sales involvement, whereas Online Soft Landings is definitely grounded in architectural design and building construction processes.
If you are not a member of the BSRIA user group, there will still be other ways to get involved and shape the project and test some of the software, so do get in touch. We'll post links and more news in our blog in due course so signup for the newsletter below.
If you want to email us direct use "Online Soft Landings" in the subject line to express your interest and we'll get back to you.


Hydrochlorothiazide is a prescription diuretic to treat high blood pressure or water retention associated with heart disease and other conditions. Caffeine is the most commonly used stimulant in the modern world and also promotes diuresis or water loss. Avoid consuming caffeine in excess when taking HCTZ or other diuretics to avoid becoming dehydrated.
HCTZ reduces the ability of the kidneys to retain sodium in the body, causing sodium and water to be removed in the urine. This reduces the blood volume and thus lowers blood pressure and reduces and fluid retention in body tissues. Your doctor may prescribe HCTZ to reduce blood pressure or control edema, or water retention, associated with heart failure or another medical condition. Follow all instructions of your doctor and pharmacist when taking HCTZ.
Caffeine has broad effects on the body ranging from the promotion of energy and focus to diuresis and vasoconstriction, or tightening of blood vessels. According to MayoClinic.com, 500 to 600 mg of caffeine, equal to about four to seven cups of coffee, has a strong diuretic effect on the body. Lower amounts may not have as strong of a diuretic effect. Drinking coffee, sodas or other strongly caffeinated drinks in excess should be avoided while taking HCTZ in order to avoid dehydration. Drink water or tea instead.
The health effects of dehydration go beyond headaches and muscle cramps. Untreated, severe dehydration can lead to heart injury, cerebral edema or swelling of the brain, seizure, hypovolemic shock, kidney failure, coma, and death. Mild dehydration is seen as a dry or sticky mouth, thirst, fatigue, headaches and cramping and can be treated by increasing your fluid intake. Seek immediate medical help if you notice extreme thirst, little or no sweating or urination, very dry mouth and skin, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, or fever.
The best way to treat dehydration while on a diuretic such as HCTZ is to avoid excess consumption of other diuretics such as caffeine and to maintain consistent fluid intake. Eat a diet low in salt and high in fruits and vegetables that are rich in water as well as nutrients. Fluid intake should consist mainly of water or tea. Sugary drinks and drink mixes should be avoided.
Does Lipton Green Tea Cause Bowel Movements?


a.k.a. "The Dermatology and Skin Laser Center" and "San Marcos Dermatology Clinic"
Ana Rodriguez, M.D. & Kim Panzarella, M.D.
SkinMagic is a dermatology practice with office hours in several Texas towns. A website promoting the SkinMagic practice also promotes a "transcutaneous electrolysis" device made by International Hair Removal Systems (IHRS).
Treatment with the IHRS SuperPhaser Gold device should be avoided by all consumers. No published data show it can remove hair permanently.
1. It is FDA approved for hair removal.
2. It works on all colors and types of hair (including white hair and peach fuzz).
3. It can be used on all skin types and complexions.
FDA has stated that the patches used in transcutaneous hair removal require submission of safety and efficacy data, followed by FDA clearance, which the manufacturer has not received clearance from FDA to make any claims.
Now available – Super Phaser Gold (treats all skin types, all hair color). A new permanent hair removal system that does not require a laser.
Q: How does Super Phaser Gold work?
A: Patches (not needles) are used to deliver a small amount of direct current through the hair follicles. The current reacts with your body's own salt water to form sodium hydroxide. This sodium hydroxide destroys the root of the hair follicle. Once the root is destroyed, the follicle ceases to produce hair.
1. Because hair grows in three cycles (which includes a dormant cycle when it is impossible to destroy the root); no system will remove all hair in one procedure.
2. Hair must be treated during its growing phase in order to prevent regrowth.
3. It is recommended that multiple treatments be planned for best results. "
Again, these claims about the SuperPhaser Gold have not been evaluated by FDA and constitute misbranding.


text:
PME Politics
Professional Site of Patrick English - Elections, Forecasting, Research
The US Midterm Results: Looking ahead to 2020
## Edit: after publishing this piece, a number of developments in the House contest have significantly upgraded the projected Democrat House performance, and have also thrown into question the decision by many broadcasters and markets to call Florida, Arizona, and Georgia Senate seats for the Republicans before the vote count was finished. The Democrats could now end up picking up around 40 House seats, and could even (though highly unlikely) still pin the Senate back to 50-50. I have adapted the section on evaluating my predictions accordingly.
As the dust settles from yesterday's Midterm Elections in the United States, the process begins of unpicking exactly what happened, and trying to build - where possible - narratives of the results and their implications for 2020.
In terms of my own on-the-night (entirely gut feeling) predictions, I expected:
The Democrats would rack up a fairly high number of gains in the House (toward the high end of median expectations) and end up with a decent majority, comfortably taking the lower chamber of Congress back from the Republicans.
The Senate would fall about 50-50, with seats flipping each way (including Nevada, North Dakota, Arizona, and Missouri).
The Democrats would have a good night in the Governor contests, most likely taking seats such as Kansas, Wisconsin, and Georgia along the way.
If correct, all of this would point to a very strong Democrat challenge in 2020 and an intriguing electoral map which could have left them with all three arms of government under their control.
On the first point, the Democrats have indeed taken control of the House and, as I write, could end up with somewhere around 235 seats to the Republicans' ~ 205. This would constitute around 40 pickups for Democrats, which while indeed creating a comfortable majority actually sits at around just above the mean value of most pre-election forecasting.
On the second, the Republicans have taken full advantage of the highly favourable electoral map for control of the upper chamber of Congress and have significantly increased their majority there. At the time of writing, the scoreboard is likely to finish up at something like 53-47 in favour of the GOP.
On the third, the Democrats did indeed have a pretty good night in the gubernatorial races, but not quite as strong as they might have been hoping. While they did indeed win in Wisconsin, Kansas, and Nevada, Democrats failed to make gains in places such as Georgia and Ohio.
A mixed night for me (and my guts), then! But overall, pretty good. The Democrats will take a comfortable majority in the House, and win a nice (if a little lower than expected) number of Governorships. The Senate however will end up more Republican than before the vote, further polarising US politics.
A very good night overall though for polling and US political scientists, who have been very accurate (it seems) with their forecasting. Kudos!
Zooming back out (and away from my pocketbook), we can talk a little about what this all means in the here and now and moving into 2020 for US politics.
There will be many narratives from all sides about the results and what these results show and who 'won' and 'lost', but probably the best of such takes will be the simplest.
Namely: much attention should be focused on the fact that President Trump now has an effective 'check and balance' on his power, with one arm of Congress now firmly set against him (House of Representatives).
This will make the second half of his term even trickier to navigate - in terms of getting the more controversial and extreme elements of his policy manifesto through - than the previous two years, which already saw him knocked back and take significant hits from a Republican Congress on healthcare for example.
Policies such as the Mexican border wall, for instance, look highly unlikely to pass under the split government scenario that we now have.
This potential forthcoming paralysis I think is the most important and significant story to come out of the results last night. Donald Trump billed himself as 'a dealmaker'. Can he do any deals with a Democratic House? Will the Democrats be able to take advantage of their control of Congress' lower chamber and make some effective changes? Or will we walk slowly and painfully toward 2020 with little getting done on either side? And what does all of this mean for the ongoing investigations and accusations levelled against Trump regarding Russia?
Much has changed regarding these crucial questions now that the Democrats control the House.
Also, regarding that 'blue wave' and whether indeed it happened or not, there are two ways to see this.
One take is that there was no 'blue wave' at all, and instead a 'blue stream' meandered its way through the House map, picked up a few pebbles and branches here and there, and delivered (an entirely expected) modest flip of the House.
On the other hand, current projections have the Democrats up by somewhere between 5 and 10 points in the 'popular vote'. If this figure eventually falls toward the latter, this would outstrip anything seen in US midterm elections for decades. A 'popular blue wave' certainly seemed to sweep the country last night, if not an electoral one. The only reason we are not talking about a 'blue tsunami', one might argue, is a gerrymandered and disadvantageous 2018 electoral map for the Democrats. Having said that, they also look to have picked up around 40 additional House seats, which is really a pretty good result (if somewhat expected).
As well as arguments about various interpretations of the results from last night, a lot will be made of the extent to which we can look through to 2020 based on these mid term results.
Again, there are two ways to look at it, in my opinion.
Firstly, we could see it as a worry for Democrats that the supposed 'blue wave' seemed to get stuck on the rocks coming in, and that the Republicans were able to mount such effective defences against the midterm opposition in so many areas. If this is current form, then you could argue that there is little to suggest that Donald Trump should be hugely worried about the Democrats sweeping him out in 2020.
That said, the new electoral map provides, in my opinion, more encouragement for the Democrats than might otherwise be apparent.
Specifically: looking at the Midwest and Rustbelt states, while there were obvious disappointments in Indiana (Senate) and Ohio (Governor), the Democrats performed well in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Illinois, Michigan, and Pennsylvania - and indeed the Senate race in Ohio. Across these battleground states, the Democrats won plenty of key House contests and gubernatorial races, and performed strongly in the Senate votes.
These old industrial heartlands were so crucial to the story of Donald Trump's 2016 success. So, if the Democrats can demonstrate their ability to reconnect with voters there who previously abandoned them, then Trump really does have something to worry about looking ahead.
Lastly, the Democrats performed well Nevada (winning both the Senate and Governor contests), and continue to make Texas and Arizona more and more competitive with each electoral cycle.
Of course, there is a long time between now and 2020, and so much can happen in such a short time in politics, but there is definitely a pretty mixed bag of very useful insights into the current state of play US politics that we can draw from these fascinating midterm results.
Though things might not have gone quite as well as expected for the Democrats, I think they should still feel pretty good about what transpired last night both for now and looking ahead to 2020.
LSE Politics and Policy Blog: Thermostatic public opinion: why UK anti-immigrant sentiments rise and then fall
Below is a copy of my blog post published on the LSE Politics and Policy site on October 29th, 2018
The Britain of today, it has been said, is far more sceptical and hostile toward immigration than the 'forward thinking', multicultural 'cool Britannia' inherited by Tony Blair in the 1990s. This claim certainly may have held up to evidence leading up to the turn of the decade, but what if now, rather than 'more hostile than ever', the British public is in fact becoming more open and tolerant of immigrants and immigration?
While it is often remarked than an ever-growing dissatisfaction with immigration underpinned the mobilisation and success of the BNP and UKIP, what if — almost completely paradoxically — a recent collapse in anti-immigrant hostility was in fact caused by the rise of these two parties? Lastly, what if — despite assertions to the contrary — trends in British immigration opinions have very little at all to do with the Brexit vote, and Brexit came at a time when immigration attitudes were already rapidly softening?
This is exactly what my latest research into British public opinion on immigration suggests. As part of a wider project about the political experience and representation of ethnic minority and immigrant origin groups in Britain, I have collected and extensively analysed trends in public opinion toward immigration over the last four decades. Figure 1 documents change in public opinion toward immigration in Britain since the early 1980s according to an aggregated measurement of almost 200 different survey questions from six international and national-level survey sources.
Figure 1: Public opinion on immigration in Great Britain (%)
Source: Stimson Dyad-Ratios algorithm estimation on 173 public opinion marginals. 27 question item series. Estimated line has Eigenvalue score of 66%, mean of 55.5, and standard deviation of 6.1.
The data, coming from the British Election Study, the British Social Attitudes survey, the European and World Values Studies, the European Social Survey, and the Eurobarometer, are 'blended' together using the Stimson dyad-ratios algorithm. (For more information on this method of aggregation and its advantages over single-source or one-poll research and reporting, see Stimson (2018), Jennings (2009) and English (2018).) Public opinion in Figure 1 ranges from 0 (completely open and tolerant of immigration) to 1 (completely hostile and anti-immigration).
Beginning in 1980, just over half of Brits would be considered to be generally hostile or negative about immigration. This falls, rises, and falls again by about 0.1 points over the late 1980s and early 1990s, before a low point in 1994 is followed by a meteoric rise in anti-immigrant hostility right up until the mid-2010s. A peak in 2010 'levels off' to a mean of around 0.6 in the 2000s before suddenly and sharply plummeting through until 2018. Right in the middle of this sharp decline in public hostility toward immigration is the Brexit vote. We can visualise this remarkable 'cliff edge' in anti-immigrant sentiments in another way via Figure 2. This uses exactly the same data as Figure 1 but the time period is restricted to between 2013-2017 and the data are analysed quarterly instead of annually.
Figure 2: Quarterly public opinion on immigration in Great Britain (%)
Source: Dyad-Ratios algorithm estimation on 51 public opinion marginals. 12 question item series. Estimated line has Eigenvalue score of 92%, mean of 47.9, and standard deviation of 7.0.
The fall from the early 2010s high through to the end of the study period is no less dramatic in this graph than the previous one. Here, the aggregated index score falls from its initial peak in an almost linear fashion with only a slight rise at the end of 2014 providing any significant deviation. By the time that the referendum comes along in the third quarter of 2016, aggregate public hostility toward immigration has already declined — and will continue to do so afterwards — by almost 20%.
The two graphs provide strong evidence substantiating the claims made by many commentators and academics in recent months: that attitudes toward immigration have indeed been softening since the time of the EU referendum. However, it also provides strong evidence that this softening has been much larger and more dramatic than previously thought; and has been taking place since well before the 2016 vote — disputing the idea that the Brexit vote has any causal connection to the recent reversal of a long-term trend in rising hostility toward immigration — as suggested recently by Michael Gove among others.
So how can we explain the rises and falls in aggregate anti-immigrant sentiment over the past 40 years? I argue that the findings evidence the existence of a 'thermostatic' character to British public opinion, in that aggregate public opinion is responding to movements and changes in policies, discourses, and mobilisation regarding immigration.
Firstly, we can understand the rising hostility toward immigration across the late 1990s and 2000s as a 'reaction' to increasingly multicultural and liberalising diversity and immigration policies in the New Labour period. This was a period where 'multiculturalism' reigned supreme — the result of a movement which had been in place since the 1960s, when Britain (along with many other Anglophone nations) abandoned the assimilationist approach. Labour governments introduced meaty legislation aimed at protecting minority and disadvantaged individuals and communities from discrimination — culminating in the Equalities Act of 2010 — and famously allowed 'open immigration' from the 2004 EU accession countries (mostly from Eastern Europe) when other EU countries chose to enact temporary restrictions. As we can see from the rising public hostility toward immigration over the same period, the British public were signalling that this might have all been 'too much'.
Riding this wave of anti-immigrant public opinion, the BNP gained unparalleled success for a British far-right party, culminating in 2008 and 2009. Between these two years, the party campaigned on an unashamedly and proud anti-immigration platform and won a London Assembly seat, two seats at the European Elections, and had around 50 local councillors dotted around the country. In 2014, UKIP won 163 council seats in the local elections, won the European Elections (taking a plurality of 28% of the vote and 24 MEPs), and were heading for their best result at a General Election the next year, (13% of the vote, 1 MP). But there was a sea change underway in immigration opinions.
After the success of the BNP and the rise of UKIP, David Cameron's 2011 declaration of the 'failure of multiculturalism' and his 'war' on its proponents and policies, and a very public 'battle' between those in favour of immigration and those against it in mainstream politics, it appears that pro-immigrant sentiments grew in response.
If we understand public opinion as involved in a symbiotic, responsive, 'thermostatic' relationship with the political environment — where movements 'too far' in one direction by either one will be reciprocated by a movement in the opposite direction by the other — we can in turn understand the recent dramatic positive change in public opinion toward immigration as a response to the environment created by the BNP, Cameron's 'war' on multiculturalism, and (latterly) the rise of UKIP. It, in turn, was 'too much'.
This could involve a 'crystallisation' of latent pro-immigrant attitudes — people being stirred into taking an openly positive stance who were never comfortable with the restrictive position in the first place — and also the movement of 'soft anti-immigrant' view to 'soft pro-immigration' views. Both of these would be easily detectable in aggregate survey analysis.
And what does this mean in the context of Brexit? For one, it certainly does not mean that the Brexit vote itself was caused by a rising tide of anti-immigrant hostility, or that it was some culmination of a mass public movement against immigration. If we return to Figure 2, the Brexit vote came slap bang in the middle of the rapid decline in anti-immigrant sentiments from 2010 to 2017. For another, it also suggests that Brexit has had nothing to do with the recent 'cooling off' of hostility toward immigration. Rather, the 'cooling off' has been much longer and larger in trajectory than this, and the Brexit vote happened in the context of this wider movement.
Post-Election Piece - 2018 Locals
Below is a summary piece from the 2018 Local Elections
In all, not all that much has changed despite expectations that Labour might make some significant gains overnight. That said, there have been a fair few changes of seats within councils. At the time of writing, Labour are around 60 seats up on their 2014 performance, the Liberal Democrats up by around 50, the Greens just about in the positive, the Conservatives around 10 below their 2014 result, and UKIP down by almost 125 – losing in nearly every seat they contested at this election (as indeed they did in 2017).
According to the BBC's 'projected national share', if the contest were to be held UK-wide then both of the Conservatives and Labour would have been polling at 35%, the Liberal Democrats 16%, and the other parties on 14%. On 2014, this constitutes a rise of 6% of the Conservatives, 4% for Labour, and 3% for the Lib Dems. A small swing for the Conservatives on 2014 (though a small swing to Labour from the 2017 General Election) making it a complete dead heat.
Overall, a rather disappointing night for Labour saw them struggle to make big gains, and also saw them lose control of Derby and Nuneaton & Bedworth councils. They did pick up a large number of seats in the capital and won overall control of Plymouth and Kirklees, but were unable to flip any of their target London boroughs in Westminster, Kensington and Chelsea, or Wandsworth, and missed out on taking overall control in North East Lincolnshire and Stockport. Labour did do very well in areas with significant amounts of young people (aged 18-34), with a rise of nearly 11% on 2014 recorded in the BBC 'key wards' where the young population was over 35% of all adults (according to the 2011 UK Census).
For the Conservatives, they will be disappointed to have lost control of Trafford and suffered a range of seat losses across London, but will be encouraged by results elsewhere in Peterborough, Great Yarmouth, Redditch, and Basildon where they gained control. According to the BBC key ward analysis, their main strength came in areas with high percentages of Leave voting, rising an average of 13 points in authorities voting to leave by 60% or more in the 2016 referendum, compared with just a 0.1% rise in areas with less than 20% Leave voting.
The Liberal Democrats did a bit better than expected, taking the Richmond-upon-Thames, South Cambridgeshire, and Kingston-upon-Thames councils from the Conservatives, and picking up seats in many areas across the country – particularly in Hull (nine in total there). The party performed especially well when it was competing in Conservative controlled councils, rising an average of around 5% in key authorities with majority-Conservative administrations (compared with around 1% in Labour-held councils). In many of these areas (including the above three councils) there was a substantial Remain vote in 2016.
For UKIP and the Greens, it was a tale of contrasting fortunes as they officially traded 4th and 5th places in English politics (in terms of seats). UKIP lost in every single contest they competed in bar three. Surprisingly, in one of these victories they unseated the Labour leader of Derby Council. The Greens have reasons to be cheerful in mounting a decent defence of what was a strong 2014 result for the party. They also made gains in places such as Trafford, Worcester, and across London. They were down substantially however in Norwich – a council where they have been losing seats for quite some time now having previously built a stronghold there.
To the local issued raised in my blog before the elections. In Sheffield, the trees saga played out exactly how many expected it to with the Labour administration losing five of its councillors to anti-felling candidates in the centre and west of the city. The Greens gained two seats (on top of defending their Nether Edge and Sharrow seat of Alison Teal) while the Liberal Democrats picked up three. Labour won a seat from UKIP, meaning their majority was cut by eight seats. A clear message was sent by many voters in the city regarding their dissatisfaction with the council's tree felling priorities.
Meanwhile in Kensington and Chelsea, very few seats changed hands. Labour were up by around 7% across the borough and turnout surged by 6%, but there was only one gain for the Labour Party as they took the second seat in St. Helen's – just over the road from Grenfell – by a comfortable margin. A small Grenfell effect then perhaps, but nothing at all seismic.
The impact of the anti-Semitism row on the contests in Barnet and Bury produced some striking results. In Pilkington Park in Bury – the ultra-marginal ward with almost 25% Jewish population – the Conservatives won the seat from Labour with a 10% swing. They also saw a vote surge in Sedgley – where there is a 33% Jewish population – amounting to a 6% swing. In Salford, the Conservatives took the Kersal ward – over 40% Jewish – from Labour on a big swing. In Barnet, Labour failed to make advances in crucial marginal wards such as Hale – with around 20% Jewish population – and West Hendon – around 10% Jewish population – which ultimately cost them control of the council. In terms of any fallout from Windrush, we did see boroughs with high density Black voters – and particularly Black Caribbean voters – tending to break heavily toward Labour, swinging away from the Conservatives. On average where there were 5% of more of the population from such backgrounds according to the 2011 census, Labour were up by nearly 10 points and the Conservatives just by 1.
Finally, in Swindon Labour were (as with many other targets) not in the end able to take the council. There was no evidence however of the voter identification trial supressing turnout; in fact, turnout was up overall by four points, which contrasts to no real overall rise in turnout on average across the country.
In all, this was ultimately a frustrating night for Labour considering their previously lofty ambitions and bold targets prior to the event. They quite clearly still have some convincing to do – particularly outside of London – that they are indeed a government in waiting. For the Conservatives, this was a much better night that was previously anticipated. For the Liberal Democrats and the Greens, there was cause for quiet and cautious optimism, while for UKIP the electoral wipe-out writing is all over the walls. And from Sheffield to Barnet there were fascinating local stories in play which added to the interest and showed once again how important neighbourhood factors can be in council elections.
Yorkshire Post: How the election played out across Yorkshire - according to University analyst.
Below is a copy of my piece for the Yorkshire Post, written shortly after the 2018 local elections and published on 4th May this year.
Yorkshire and the Humber was the setting for some fascinating local politics battlegrounds on Thursday, with Sheffield, Kirklees, and North East Lincolnshire all providing quite some interest.
Dr Patrick English, a BBC elections expert and University of Sheffield post-doctoral researcher, analyses the local elections picture The region also saw the election of its first Mayor, with Dan Jarvis winning the contest on second preferences. In all, initial projections suggest that there has been around a 2.5% swing to the Conservatives from Labour in our region.
The Conservatives had the best of it in terms of taking council seats, winning an additional 18. The Liberal Democrats made one net gain, and the Greens gained as many as they lost (two). Labour will be disappointed to find themselves down by nine and UKIP (rather expectedly) saw their regional seat total reduced by 11.
Despite some very interesting developments within councils, only one Yorkshire and the Humber authority changed hands; Kirklees went Labour from no overall control after the party took two seats from the Liberal Democrats. Labour's vote share there rose by around 5% on 2014.
Elsewhere, Labour maintained full control of Wakefield, Bradford, Hull, and Leeds councils, while the Conservatives comfortably held Harrogate (increasing their majority by 10) and Craven. Calderdale and North East Lincolnshire both remained in no overall control.
North East Lincolnshire was a Labour target before the election, and they will have been disappointed not to take control of the council. Indeed, it was the Conservatives who made the most significant advances there, rising by 25% across all seats contested and taking seven of them. This was one of a number of Conservative advances from second positions in our region which also included successes in Leeds (up three seats) and Wakefield (up four).
North East Lincolnshire was once upon a time a stronghold for UKIP, but on Thursday provided apt demonstration of their collapse across the country. While UKIP achieved 35.5% of the vote there in 2014, coming a clear 1st, this time around their vote share fell by around 30 points and there are now just three UKIP councillors on the authority.
In one of the most interesting stories across our region, the Greens and Liberal Democrats were looking to capitalise on the huge amounts of local anger and frustration over the controversial tree felling programme in Labour controlled Sheffield.
The Greens will be pleased to have taken two seats from Labour and to have emphatically increased the majority of Councillor Alison Teal in Nether Edge and Sharrow – who was of course arrested and taken to court by her own council for protesting against felling in her ward – by nearly 1,500 votes.
The Liberal Democrats also profited in Sheffield, taking three seats from their Labour rivals.
Across the Steel City, the Greens were up by around 4% and the Liberal Democrats by around 3.5%. Interestingly, in every single ward making up Jared O'Mara's Sheffield Hallam constituency, the Liberal Democrats won. The Liberal Democrats also had a very good night in Hull where they took nine seats away from Labour to substantially reduce their majority.
Britain Elects: Trees, Grenfell, Anti-Semitism, Windrush, and Voter IDs — All About the Locals
Below is a copy of my piece published with Britain Elects ahead of the 2018 Local Elections, on 30th April this year.
3rd May will see the first England-wide test of voter support for the country's political parties since the General Election last June. Voters will head to the polls to elect councillors up and down the country, and in six of those areas there will also be mayoral elections. Though the general stories of Labour doing well in cities (particularly London) and with young voters and the Conservatives strengthening their grip on many pro-Brexit heartlands in the North and Midlands will most likely continue, there are many individual contests and battlegrounds with their own unique stories and nuances which may well buck — or exacerbate — the overall trends.
The General Story
Both the Conservatives and Labour look set to be up in terms of vote share on 2014. But while Labour are expected to make a fair amount of seat gains, the Conservatives look set to fall back. Recent polling over the last few days however suggests that the Labour gains may not be so large was anticipated perhaps a couple of weeks ago. Furthermore, though gains do seem likely, Labour might struggle to make a huge impact in terms of taking control (or removing opposition majority control) of local authorities this time around. As Professor Rob Ford pointed out on Saturday, many of the areas up for grabs on Thursday are already dominated by Labour councillors. They are also re-contesting a strong set of results produced by Ed Miliband's Labour Party in 2014.
That said, there are a few places in which, if Labour are indeed having a good night, they can expect to move into the driving seat and would have cause to celebrate. They will be keeping a close eye on London where, after a strong General Election performance last year, they have some highly ambitious targets — including taking the Conservative controlled boroughs of Wandsworth and Westminster. There may well be further success for the party in other Councils such as Amber Valley, Plymouth, and perhaps North East Lincolnshire and Newcastle-Under-Lyme.
The Conservatives seem set for a quietly disappointing showing, but given the current political climate (and the usual painful nature of local election nights for governing parties) they may be fairly happy with a result of anything around 100 seat losses. They might, if they are able to continue their strong pickup of ex-UKIP voters, even have something to cheer about in places such as Thurrock, Basildon, and Great Yarmouth (seeking overall control in each).
According to forecasts, the Liberal Democrats are expected to, once again, have a frustrating night and make only a handful of limited advances. The may be looking to Maidstone (seeking overall control) and Stockport (seeking to displace Labour) for some good news. London may provide some further encouragement, with the prospect of regaining substantial ground in Richmond (where they were pipped to the post in 2017 by the born-again-Conservative Zac Goldsmith) and Kingston upon Thames on the cards.
UKIP look set for another terrible night. They will, after a rapid two-year decline, fall behind the Greens in terms of council seats in England on Thursday; all but a dreadfully poor night for the Greens, which is not expected, should see them cement 4th place on the English local representation leader board.
Away from the general patterns, there are four stories worth picking out where local factors and controversies could provide some very interesting results and trends.
Trees in Sheffield
Sheffield City Council: Labour control, 30 seat majority, 28 seats up.
Firstly, a significant test of the extent to which voters 'think local' in council elections when a scandal is unfolding and ongoing around them. The Labour Administration in Sheffield is currently under huge amounts of scrutiny over their ongoing controversial tree felling programme. Such has been the strength of opposition and controversy that the events have hit national and international headlines. In 2012 the Council contracted a private company, Amey, to cut down over half of the city's 36,000 trees over a 25-year period as part of a 'highways improvement' programme worth £2.2 billion. Needless to say, this has not gone down well with many of the local residents from a city which prides itself on its green credentials. Rallies and marches against the destruction of health street trees have attracted thousands of residents, young and old, and the support of some very high-profile supporters — including Michael Gove, Chris Packham, and Jarvis Cocker.
Opposition parties — namely the Liberal Democrats and Greens — will be seeking to capitalise on local anger and frustration. Intriguingly, in six wards their campaigns will be assisted by a non-partisan campaigning group which was founded this year with the specific aim of putting boots on the ground to unseat Labour incumbents in marginal wards — the "It's Our City" campaign. Equally, the non-partisan "Sheffield Trees Action Groups" (or STAG) campaign, over 10,000 members strong, are also actively supporting the removal of the current Administration. Labour are mounting a total of 19 defences in Sheffield, meaning that they could theoretically lose control of the council in the face of this widespread opposition. This is however very unlikely, with Labour defending some very friendly (as well as some not so friendly) seats.
A further layer of interest in Sheffield comes from the sole Green seat being defended this year in the city. The current incumbent there is Councillor Alison Teal — one of four Greens on the council. Cllr Teal has a majority of just eight votes, and has been right at the heart of the tree campaign — as well as one of its most vocal critics, she was arrested and then taken to court by her own Council for protesting against a tree felling in her ward (Nether Edge and Sharrow). She was subsequently cleared of any and all wrongdoing. Nether Edge has been the centre of many of the most intense and controversial episodes of the tree felling saga, and so results in Cllr Teal's leafy city-centre seat as well as other tree felling flash-points of Broomhill and Sharrow Vale, Ecclesall, Gleadless Valley, and the Crookes and Crosspool and Dore and Totley wards (both at the heart of Jared O'Mara's Sheffield Hallam constituency) will definitely be worth keeping an eye on for an anti-Labour backlash in a city which turned all red only last year.
Grenfell Tower Fallout in Kensington and Chelsea
Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea: Conservative control, 24 seat majority, all seats up.
The story here is of course the political fallout from the tragedy of the Grenfell Tower fire. With the Public Inquiry ongoing, former Kensington and Chelsea Council leader Nicholas Paget-Brown has already quit and the huge amount of anger, frustration, and shame felt by many residents toward their local leaders is expected to make it a tough night for many Conservatives defending their seats. Indeed, Jeremy Corbyn has made clear his ambition to take the Council away from the Conservatives. That would require them to overturn a 24-seat majority.
Unlikely as that seems, as with the rest of London all of Kensington and Chelsea Council's seats (50) are up for election, which does increase the possibility of a change of overall control. Furthermore, Labour did pull of quite the shock and take the Kensington constituency from the Conservatives, by a margin of 20 votes, in 2017.
Taking the council may be much more difficult however; by and large, there were not that many wards where Labour were all that close to the Conservatives in 2016, particularly towards the Thames in the South of the borough. Grenfell Tower sits in the Notting Dale ward, where Labour already hold all three council seats by a healthy margin over the Conservatives. Neighbouring wards may though provide the best opportunity for Labour to work toward reducing the Conservative majority. To the north is St. Helen's ward, where the two parties were neck and neck in 2016 — taking one seat each. That one Conservative seat just over the road from Grenfell would be an obvious first target. Meanwhile, to the South the Conservatives comfortably won both seats in the Norland ward in 2016 but might find themselves in trouble there too if voter anger spills over. Elsewhere, less than 25% swings — not unthinkable given the circumstances — would be required in Chelsea Riverside, Earl's Court, Pembridge, and Holland in order for Labour to take a potential 10 further seats. If Labour took every Conservative seat in each of the above six wards, they would indeed take control of the Council. Stranger things have happened.
Jewish Populations Barnet and Bury
Borough of Barnet Council: Conservative control, 2 seat majority, 21 seats up
Borough of Bury Council: Labour control, 8 seat majority, 17 seats up
Labour may well perform substantially under-par on Thursday in Councils such as Barnet and Bury where a number of wards are home to substantial Jewish populations. In fact, the damage and rift caused between Labour and many parts of the Jewish community as the anti-Semitism row continues could cost the party control of Barnet, where a two-seat gain would see them replace the ruling Conservative administration. Taking marginal wards such as Childs Hill and Hale could be crucial to Labour taking overall control, but the seats' substantial Jewish populations (around 20% according to the 2011 Census) may well stop Labour doing so if the backlash is significant enough.
In Bury, Labour are already in fairly strong control of the council and are defending in some very strong Labour areas. The impact of a reaction to the anti-Semitism row therefore may not be so consequential here. That said, look out for wards such as the ultra-marginal Pilkington Park (Labour less than 1% ahead in 2014, approximately 25% Jewish) and the much more safer seats of Sedgley (approximately one-third Jewish) and St. Mary's (around 10% Jewish) as potential backlash lightning rods. Relatedly, though Labour are generally already well in control of areas with substantial ethnic minority voter populations, in the wake of the Windrush scandal — which only yesterday claimed the scalp of the Home Secretary — the Conservatives may see below-par performances even by their expected London standards in high-density black voter boroughs such as Lambeth and Lewisham.
Voter ID in Swindon
Swindon Borough Council: Conservative control, 4 seat majority, 19 seats up
Swindon is one of the five areas in which a pilot voter identification scheme will be taking place on Thursday. What makes Swindon stand out is that it is very much a Labour target, and they need only four additional seats to take it (two to become the largest party). It will be interesting to see if turnout is significant affected by the trial, and how many stories come out of registered voters being turned away from polling stations due to a lack of suitable identification. With control of the council in the balance and Labour, then this pilot and its timing could create some controversy if it goes badly. Keep an eye out for results and turnout stories coming in from the Covingham & Dorcan, Haydon Wick, Lydiard & Freshbrook, and Shaw wards, where Labour stand a good chance of making the gains necessary to take control of the Council.
Local Elections: PME Politics + Britain Elects
Hello all... it's been a little while since I have been able to write up a blog post!
Over the last few months I have been incredibly busy finishing up and submitting my PhD - including defending and correcting it. So yes - I've managed to transition from a Mr. to a Dr. since last blogging, and it feels excellent to be able to say that. I've also been working at the Institute for Social Research over in Oslo as a Visiting Researcher since the beginning of March.
With that secondment completed and my PhD finally, finally submitted, I'm returning to the UK for the local elections next month to continue my usual work with (the now Sir) John Curtice and the BBC elections team.
This year I will also be writing two articles for the fantastic Britain Elects. The first one (due May 1st) will give a sense of 'what to look out for' and briefly touch upon some predictions. A second one the day after the election (May 4th, evening time) will go through what happened, pulling out the main narratives and the events which unfolded regarding my 'what to look for' areas and stories.
Britain Elects themselves will be covering the results all night, just as we will at the BBC. With their sources and contacts at the counts, it will be well worth keeping an eye on their Twitter feed over-night and into Friday.
As far as the results flow goes, we should expect things to start moving from around 11pm on Thursday the 3rd. While results will come in overnight which should give us a pretty good indication of how the voting has gone, a large amount of councils won't begin their counts until Friday morning. The final results won't be known until Friday evening. As ever, I will be tweeting throughout the night and day - do give me a follow at @PME_Politics if you haven't already!
#GE2017 Forecast Methodology
About Patrick English
LSE Politics and Policy Blog: Thermostatic public ...
Yorkshire Post: How the election played out across...
Britain Elects: Trees, Grenfell, Anti-Semitism, Wi...


text:
South Sefton in New York City
A-Level students from Hugh Baird College's South Sefton Campus recently left College life behind as they headed for the Big Apple.
Students from Drama and Law courses crossed the pond to New York City in order to take in the sights and also experience first-hand how their chosen subjects work in practice.
In order to inspire Drama students, the four day trip involved an acting workshop with Stephen Tewksbury, star of the hit Broadway show Kinky Boots.
The students were able to build on their performance skills and improvisation techniques by learning from a professional actor who uses these techniques daily. After the workshop, a Q & A session on working in the industry was hosted for students to ask anything they wanted relating to starting a career within the performing arts industry. Later on in the evening the whole group got to watch Stephen in action as they took their seats for a performance of Kinky Boots.
Law students were also treated to viewing their chosen subject in practice by visiting courts to view real trials. This gave them a chance to explore the American law system and they were also were able to visit the United Nations to examine issues related to international law.
In addition to these exciting educational experiences, the students soaked up New York culture by visiting popular tourist sites like Wall Street, Times Square, Empire State Building and the Brooklyn Bridge.
Drama A-Level student, Lauren Comaish said:
New York was incredible, as a drama student, being able to take part in a workshop hosted by a professional actor was a once in a life time opportunity that I am glad I took. I learnt so much from the Q & A session, it has really helped me to plan my future career goals.
Drama A-Level teacher, Paul Fitzpatrick said:
The trip to New York us typical of the enrichment experiences we offer our A Level learners. Trips and visits like this bring subjects to life, increase engagement and help to broaden our learners' social awareness.
To find out more about A-levels at the Hugh Baird College South Sefton Campus, visit: www.hughbaird.ac.uk/a-levels.
University undergraduate wins £100 vouchers in National Student Survey Prize Draw
A-level students have an iDEA!


For the first time since 2010, a barrel of crude oil dropped below almost 80 cents last week. Although this trend has already harmed the profitability of some oil firms, nowhere has the impact of cheaper oil been more apparent than in the American car market, where gasoline costs at least $4 per US gallon at the start of 2014. As of November 2014, drivers in much of the country are now paying less than $3, and in some states in the northeastern U.S., are paying less than $2.60.
This has resulted in a shift in buying patterns among American motorists over the past year. Since the financial crisis of 2007-08, smaller and greener cars, such as the Toyota Prius, a hybrid, had been rising in popularity. However, in recent months, industry statistics show that the sales of larger pickup trucks and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs) have been starting to rise again…the first time in almost a decade.
Most industry experts credit the plunge in fuel prices for this change, but will the trend continue?


text:
package com.github.ebnew.ki4so.web.action;

import com.github.ebnew.ki4so.common.utils.StringUtils;
import com.github.ebnew.ki4so.core.authentication.KnightCredential;
import com.github.ebnew.ki4so.core.authentication.KnightEncryCredential;
import com.github.ebnew.ki4so.web.utils.WebConstants;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * 经过认证加密后的凭据信息解析器,从http请求的cookie中解析出对应的加密后的凭据信息
 * @author zhenglu
 * @since 15/4/28
 */
public class KnightEncryCredentialResolver implements KnightCredentialResolver{

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(KnightEncryCredentialResolver.class);

    @Override
    public KnightCredential resolveCredential(HttpServletRequest request) {
        if(request != null){
            Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
            if(cookies != null){
                String value = null;
                for(Cookie cookie:cookies){
                   if(cookie != null && cookie.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(WebConstants.KI4SO_SERVER_ENCRYPTED_CREDENTIAL_COOKIE_KEY));
                     value = cookie.getValue();
                     break;
                }
                //如果cookie中没有凭据值,则从请求参数中获取凭据值
                if(StringUtils.isEmpty(value)){
                   logger.info("KI4SO_SERVER_EC value is empty" );
                    value = request.getParameter(WebConstants.KI4SO_SERVER_ENCRYPTED_CREDENTIAL_COOKIE_KEY);
                }
                //最终如果加密凭据有值,则直接返回凭据对象
                if(!StringUtils.isEmpty(value)){
                     return new KnightEncryCredential();
                }
            }
        }

        return null;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Borg (en francès Bourg) és un municipi francès, situat al departament de la Gironda i a la regió de la Nova Aquitània.

Demografia

Administració

Personatges il·lustres
 Pierre Bazzo, ciclista.

Referències

Municipis de la Gironda


text:
Montauk Beach / Flickr
November 15, 2011 | 9:31 am
Unsure of State Funding Priorities, OU President Boren Plans Budget Cuts
Tuition at the University of Oklahoma increased 5 percent this academic year, according to the Oklahoma Daily.
Citing uncertainty in state funding priorities, University of Oklahoma President David Boren has asked campus budget managers to anticipate 2 to 5 percent in potential cuts, The Oklahoma Daily reports:
These cuts would come in the form of reallocations, which is when the university moves money from the central budget to help pay for fixed-cost increases, said Chris Kuwitzky, associate vice president and chief financial officer. The university is facing an estimated $9 million increase of fixed costs.
Among the fixed costs is a 3 percent raise most full-time OU faculty and staff received in FY 2012, Boren said in a Nov. 10 letter sent to faculty and staff. The raises, along with "other limited, prudent and necessary investments" must also be funded in FY 2013, Boren wrote.
In the letter, Boren emphasized the university's commitment to affordable tuition. OU had a 5 percent tuition increase this academic year and a 4.5 percent increase in 2010-2011, the Daily's Chase Cook wrote.
The last four years of cuts haven't been kind to colleges and departments, which have lost about 12 percent of their budgets, according to the letter. These cuts have resulted in increased assignments and responsibilities for existing staff.
David Boren


text:
RICHEST
Facts, Popular
Top 10 Most Spoken Languages in Africa
6) Oromo (Speakers in Africa: More than 30 million)
Many people residing in the Horn of Africa speak Oromo, a Cushitic language. It is not the official language of any nation. You will find people who speak this language in Ethiopia, Somalia, Egypt and Kenya.
5) Hausa (Speakers in Africa: More than 50 million)
Many people in the Western, Northern and Central Africa use this language. Hausa belongs to the West Chadic languages subgroup of the Chadic languages group. It is part of the Afro-Asiatic language family. Hausa has between 23 and 25 consonant phonemes.
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UK-based internet entrepreneur with love for the great continent of Africa. I'm not saying i know everything about Africa but I'm here to offer the world some of the most accurate and interesting facts about the continent.
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your info about Amharic, the second widely spoken Semitic language after Arabic, is incorrect, by 2007 it used to have more than 20 million speakers who use it as a first language. By now , undoubtfully its speakers could never be less than 30 million. Since it is the official and business language of Ethiopia, its speakers as a second language would be no less than this, though there is no official stat about the number of speakers who use Amharic as a second language, but almost all urban dwellers and anyone who finished a high school could speak it.
The Oromo language, Afaan Oromo, is widely spoken within Ethiopia and it is Africa's fourth widely spoken language after Hausa, Arabic and Swahili with more than 40 million speakers ( in Ethiopia, Kenya, Djibouti, Somalia and Eritrea). The stat needs to be evidenced but Amharic as a national language and therefore widely spoken is misleading since Ethiopia does not have a national language after it adopted a Federal state structure. Amharic is not a national language but only a working language for the Federal government , Amhara regional state, Benishangul regional state and for some zones of the Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State. Besides, not anyone who finished a high school could speak it! There are many people from regions where Amharic is not the working language who can not speak it. Amharic as a single course may be given leading to basic/elementary communication skills but generalizing anyone who finished a high school could speak it also misleading. 🙂
Tenxar
I think you need correction: Native speakers for Amharic are 27 Million, however it is spoken by more than 85 Million people in Ethiopia out of its about 100 Million people, because it is the national language. Oromo is spoken by about 37 Million native people and about 40 Million people speak the language in the whole country. And also I see Somali nowhere which is spoken by close to 20 Million people in Somalia, Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti.
mengistu
nice comment!!!!
George Victor
Nice comment tenxar
Abimiku John
DDAMULIRA
In Uganda people don't know swahili it's only English which is official but it's only Luganda as the indigenous language spoken in almost each part of the country and its the most language used on media plus primary schools
It is the report of Galla who only want to undermine amharic language.Amharic is the mother tounge for at least 32 milion people in Ethiopia as well it is the second language for every Ethiopia.Outside Ethiopia it is spoken by at least 4million people like in usa.Any how at least 80 million people can speak amharic globally. By the way it is the only language in africa which has it's own writing system and letter… we work to make amharic the recognized language in the world!!
Firomsa
@Mengistu don't be emotional,,if you want i will make it 100%,,but,we only focus on the reality that Afaan Oromo is the third largest language in Africa following Kiswahili and Hausa; 4th largest language, if Arabic is counted as Africa language .
Your comments about Zulu also need a bit of refinement. "Its tongue clicks are unique" is not actually correct. As far as I know, there are no Tongue clicks in Zulu, but Xhosa, a closely related language language is know for its unique clicks.
zoolahmad
Afaan oromo must be a national language of Oromia as well as Ethiopia
Mahlikihla
The isiZulu language is not only spoken in one region in Southern Africa, it's spoken even in western parts of Zimbabwe so more than 16 million people use isiZulu as their mother tongue
How can you not include Hausa as one of the mostly spoken languages in Africa. Because more than 35million of people use Hausa Fulani as their mother tongue.
where is Fulani on the list?
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The typical fine for an unlawful U-turn in Las Vegas is $230, and it carries three (3) Nevada demerit points on the person's license. But in most cases, Nevada courts may reduce the charge to an illegal non-moving violation carrying no demerit points.
Even though violating NRS 484B.403 is a minor offense, Nevada judges always issue bench warrants for people who ignore their traffic tickets. People with bench warrants risk arrest, incarceration, and extra fines.
1. When are U-turns illegal in Las Vegas, NV?
2. How do I fight illegal U-turn charges in Las Vegas, NV?
3. What are the penalties for an illegal U-turn in Las Vegas, NV?
4. Can I get the charge reduced to a non-moving violation?
5. How many points will go on my driver's license?
6. Will this affect my auto insurance?
9. Will this affect my commercial driver's license?
11. When can I get an illegal U-turn conviction sealed in Las Vegas, NV?
13. Should I fight the ticket or just pay the fine?
If you have been injured by a car that was making an illegal U-turn, you may be entitled to substantial money damages. Contact our Las Vegas personal injury attorneys to learn more.
U-turn violations in Nevada typically carry a $230 fine.
1. When are U-turns illegal in Las Vegas, Nevada?
if the zone is not designated by an operational speed limit beacon, during the times when the sign designating the school zone or school crossing zone indicates that the speed limit is not in effect.
Example: It is Saturday night in North Las Vegas, and Jane is driving through a school zone after missing her turn. So Jane makes a U-turn to get back on her route. Since school is not in session on Saturday, Jane should not be ticketed for making a U-turn in a school zone.
2. How do I fight unlawful U-turn charges in Las Vegas, Nevada?
It is often possible to quickly and favorably resolve an improper U-turn case without extensive litigation. But if the prosecutor is being uncooperative, the defense attorney can always defend the case on the merits.
Often there is no evidence of the alleged U-turn other than the police's recollection, especially when there was no accident involved. If the defense attorney can show the prosecutors that their evidence is too inadequate and unreliable to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, the prosecutors may be willing to reduce or dismiss the charge.
3. What are the penalties for an illegal U-turn in Las Vegas, Nevada?
In the city of Las Vegas, a first-time illegal U-turn citation carries a $230 fine, and a second-offense carries $280. The fines vary by city and county, but they are typically in the low hundreds. Note that fines can be doubled if the incident occurred in a work zone or pedestrian safety zone. Learn more about Nevada work zone penalties.
4. Can I get an unlawful U-turn charge reduced to a non-moving violation in Las Vegas, Nevada?
Most illegal U-turn charges in Nevada can be reduced to an illegal non-moving violation or non-moving violation. The primary benefit of non-moving violations is that they cause no demerit points to be tacked onto the person's driver's license.
Note that judges are less likely to reduce a U-turn to a lesser charge if the defendant has a history of traffic violations.
5. How many points will an illegal U-turn put on my driver's license in Nevada?
If a person's Nevada driver's license does get suspended for having twelve (12) or more demerit points, the person may request a DMV hearing to contest the suspension. DMV hearings are similar to trials, but they are administrative procedures totally separate from criminal court. And the person has only thirty (30) days from receiving notice of the suspension to request the hearing from the Nevada DMV. It is advised that the driver retain a defense attorney appear for him/her at the DMV hearing.
Also note that driving with a suspended license in Nevada is a misdemeanor, carrying up to six (6) months in jail and/or up to $1,000 in fines.
6. Will an illegal U-turn affect my auto insurance in Nevada?
Probably yes, though it depends on the individual insurance company's policies. In general, the more demerit points a person's driver's license has, the higher the insurance premium will be.
7. Do I have to do traffic school if I get cited for an unlawful U-turn in Las Vegas, Nevada?
8. What happens if I ignore my illegal U-turn ticket in Nevada?
Nevada judges issue bench warrants for defendants who skip out on their traffic fines or court appearances; therefore, those defendants are at risk of being arrested if they ever get pulled over and the cop runs a warrant check. Furthermore, the Nevada DMV suspends the driver's licenses of people who "fail to appear" (FTA) at court or do not pay the fines.
Defendants with outstanding bench warrants can file a motion with the court requesting that the warrant be recalled ("quashed") and to resume the traffic case. But it is recommended that defendants retain an attorney to file the motion and appear in court on his/her behalf. Otherwise, the defendant risks getting arrested if he/she shows up to court and the warrant does not get quashed.
9. How will an unlawful U-turn affect my commercial driver's license in Nevada?
An illegal U-turn will cause three (3) demerit points to be added to the person's commercial driver's license (CDL) in Nevada. Note the license will be suspended for six (6) months if the driver ever accrues twelve (12) or more demerit points in a year period.
10. What happens to my out-of-state license if I get an illegal U-turn in Nevada?
The Nevada DMV shares its citation information with other states' DMVs. Therefore an out-of-state driver would be subject to his/her home state's DMV demerit penalties for an illegal U-turn.
11. When can I get an illegal U-turn conviction sealed in Las Vegas, Nevada?
12. Will I get deported for an unlawful U-turn?
Legal aliens will not be deported from the U.S. for committing an unlawful U-turn. This is because an illegal U-turn is not considered a deportable offense, an aggravated felony, or a crime involving moral turpitude.
Note that illegal aliens may be deported at any time even if they are otherwise law-abiding.
Illegal U-turns are not considered deportable offenses.
Any non-citizen facing criminal charges in Nevada is advised to retain counsel as soon as possible to help safeguard their resident status. Learn more about the criminal defense of immigrants in Nevada.
13. Should I fight illegal U-turn tickets or just pay the fine?
It is always recommended that people slapped with an improper U-turn ticket fight the charge. In the majority of cases, the court is willing to reduce an illegal U-turn to a non-moving violation. And a non-moving violation looks better on a criminal record than an improper U-turn, it does not raise insurance rates, and it carries lower fines and no demerit points.
14. Can I go to trial for an unlawful U-turn case in Las Vegas, Nevada?
Anyone charged with making an unlawful U-turn in Nevada may take the case to trial, but traffic trials are exceedingly rare. Most of the time, traffic cases resolve favorably for the defendant without the need for a trial.
15. Do I need an attorney if I get an unlawful U-turn ticket?
Firstly, prosecutors and judges are usually more open to reducing or dismissing charges when there is a defense attorney involved. And a better case resolution means fewer fines, fewer demerit points (if any), and a cleaner criminal record.
Furthermore, an experienced criminal defense attorney has long-standing relationships with court personnel and can often predict how specific prosecutors and judges will react to various defense strategies.
Finally, people who hire attorneys for their illegal U-turn cases do not have to go to court. An attorney can make all the court appearances for them. This is especially beneficial for out-of-state defendants as well as Nevadans who do not want to miss work.
Las Vegas Justice Court holds "attorney sessions" most Tuesdays and Thursdays for the sole purpose of negotiating traffic tickets. Therefore defendants who retain an attorney to handle their unlawful U-turn tickets usually do not have to wait more than a few days before it can be resolved.
If you have been cited for an unlawful U-turn or other traffic violation in Clark County or elsewhere in Nevada, call our Las Vegas criminal defense attorneys at 702-DEFENSE (702-333-3673) for a FREE consultation. We may be able to get the charge reduced to a non-moving violation or dismissed completely with low fines, no traffic schools, and no demerit points.
And if you were the victim of a road accident, our Las Vegas car accident attorneys can fight to help you recover money for your injuries, lost wages, pain and suffering, and possibly punitive damages. Even if you were partly to blame for the collision, you may still be eligible for a significant monetary reward.
See our related article on the Nevada traffic offense of failing to signal. For cases in California, please visit our article on Vehicle Code 22100.5 VC - illegal u-turn tickets in California.
NRS 484B.403; NRS 484B.363; NRS 484B.077; NRS 484B.407; Las Vegas City Code 11.12.050; North Las Vegas Code 10.20.300; Clark County Code 14.32.020; Nevada DMV Violation Codes; "The right and wrong of U-turning in Las Vegas" by Richard N. Velotta, Las Vegas Review-Journal (April 17, 2016). Note that the legal name for an illegal U-turn in Nevada is "Making improper or prohibited U Turn/U-Turn on a curve or hill." The Nevada DMV refers to illegal U-turns as Violation Code 319 or ACD Code N56. And Las Vegas Municipal Court refers to illegal U-turns as Violation Code 0517.


During this period she became heavily involved in political activism. In the following essay, she discusses the transformation that Kathe-rine Ames undergoes. She spends the entire duration of this scene sitting on the grass, silently thinking and revealing her thoughts to the audience. But I guess that and car chases are now standard Hollywood requirements. Ames realized that the plumber was talking about something she understood the stopped elbow , she realized that her marital problems were not the result of a division betwwen the sexes; instead, she realized that some men, like the plumber, are as practical as she is, and that some other men, like her husband, scorn people like her because they are intellectually inclined. To him, Katherine is just a wife.
This detailed literature summary also contains Bibliography on Astronomers Wife by Kay Boyle. She fails to understand why a man would just sleep hours on end or just sit behind his telescope doing nothing. Sitting beneath a tree, looking up at the stars, she tunes her radio to the same signals Spencer was receiving while possessed by the alien - her twin babies controlling her movements from inside the womb, listening - and waiting. She… Galileo Galilei Galileo Galilei Pisa, February 15, 1564 – Arcetri, January 8, 1642 , was a Tuscan astronomer, philosopher, and physicist who is closely associated with the scientific revolution. She had become a well-known writer by this time and was publishing in many of the most important journals of the day. During this period she became heavily involved in political activism. During the 1930s, Boyle lived with Vail in England, Austria, and France until returning to the in 1941.
As the plumber leaves to go outside and look at the pipes, the astronomer makes his first and only appearance in this story. Her father, Howard Peterson Boyle, was a lawyer, but her greatest influence came from her mother, Katherine Evans, a literary and social activist who believed that the wealthy had an obligation to help the financially less fortunate. Ames marriage, the husband and the wife are like two strangers living in the same house. Aimes, is the protagonist in this story. It is apparent that there is going to be an affair between the plumber and Mrs. As the story ends, she steps into the drainpipe with the plumber.
Ames are unable to see the disillusioned way in which they are living their lives. Boyle arrived in Paris in 1922 with her first husband, but she had already had a great familiarity with the artistic avant-garde, having known many of the artists while living in New York. Pulled out of her routine, she puts on her scarlet and white dressing gown, suggesting passion and purity, both out of character for the woman introduced so far. Through her encounter with the plumber, Mrs. Both of the main characters in each of the bush stories are quite similar in certain ways yet very different! Mellen, Joan, Kay Boyle, Author of Herself, Farrar, Straus andGiroux, 1994. All in all, Boyle wrote this short story with an even flow and clarity.
In addition, the style in which the story is written mirrors Mrs. And a lot of information about the characters are given to readers with little to no direct characterization. In other words, people like Mrs, Ames, upon recognizing something that occupies the same position in society that they do, such as the often ill- regarded weed, do not feel compelled to destroy it. Early years The granddaughter of a publisher, Kay Boyle was born in St. Judy Brady, formerly known as Judy Syfers at the time of the papers first presentation in August of 1970, introduced a fresh look at the duties of a wife in the 1960's and 1970's outlining these duties in what one can surmise in three basic categories.
The astronomer is a man of thought, who goes high up, sits on the roof, in the mountains, or lies still, thinking. By 1926, Boyle had left Brault and moved in with Walsh, whose child she bore soon afterwards. The astronomer does not realize that by unclogging pipes and performing other such chores, those people have allowed him to be free to think about large-scale problems. Katherine Ames waking up in the villa in which she lives. This resulted in her staying in Europe for the better part of the next twenty years.
When the narration describes Mrs. And although Boyle does write this way at times, in the stories of The White Horses of Vienna she is quite aloof and detached. Ames lack of helping, and treats Mrs. After having lived in France, Austria, England, and in Germany after , Boyle returned to the United States. Ames knows exactly… the tales has its own important qualities that account for the character that is telling the story. However, the date of retrieval is often important.
In the case of Mrs. In short, she accepts the love of the plumber, and, in doing so, embraces the opportunity to create a more fulfilling life for herself. Review of The White Horses of Vienna, in Springfield Republican, February 16, 1936, p. Going down and underground is a metaphor for the unconscious, what is buried beneath the surface, and suggests emotion and sexuality. Generally, ascent is a going toward God, an improvement, a positive thing.


His videos about street food in Dubai, Bangkok or Indonesia have been watched by a few milion people each, more than 1,7 milion subscribers with his biggest youtube channel Migrationology. Mark agreed to tell us about this vlog strategy, favourite food and travelling the world with his family.
Poznania mieści się też cudowny hotel HOTelarnia. To idealne miejsce, w którym możemy odetchnąć, będąc jednocześnie blisko centrum.
Do you want to escape from every day routine and to get lost in beautiful Swedish nature? Do you appreciate Swedish design and do you look for a place where you can relax and try local food?
New Nordic Kitchen, based on local, seasonal and organic products, offers delicacies such as reindeer and salmon meat, fish and seafood. Once you add berries, truffles and chanterelle mushrooms, the already interesting range of ingredients becomes even more unusual.
Tuna ceviche, 4 teppanayaki tables and bread from popular in Warsaw SAM bakery. Today, the Cosmopolitan apartment complex officially opened and, to our delight, it has a variety of interesting restaurants.
Italian pizza, Vietnamese cuisine, vegan salads and fresh oysters. The former tram depot "De Hallen" with is restaurants, bars and local shops is second to none on my personal list of such places.


The results of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) tests are in, and the news is mixed: basically, kids can do math, but if there are word problems they might have difficulty reading them. Why are there larger gains in math and only modest improvement in reading? And are these results reflective of every state in the country?
NAEP tests are used by the U.S. Department of Education to assess students' knowledge and abilities in various subjects. The NAEP is given every two years to students in fourth, eighth and 12th grades. The tests are administered in all 50 states as well as the District of Columbia.
In addition to math and reading, NAEP also conducts testing in ten other areas, including geography, U.S. history, science, economics and the arts.
Are the NAEP results all bad news? Not necessarily. Generally, it's not that reading has gotten worse, it's that math gains have been more than twice that of reading. And reading is up in most cases, though the increases have been minimal (among eighth-graders, up one percentage point from 2009; among fourth-graders, only five percentage points from 1992 as compared to 27 in math).
U.S. Education Secretary Arne Duncan was quoted on MSNBC.com in early November as saying the results were 'reason for concern as much as optimism.' He added that math achievement was up in both fourth and eighth grades and up in reading for eighth-graders, though gains were relatively modest and were far short of the goal of having every child in America proficient in reading and math by 2014.
Why Can Kids Add and Subtract But Not Read?
It all leads to the question: why aren't kids making better progress in reading?
Some say it's due largely to the fact that kids don't read outside of school. When it comes to math, instruction in schools has improved over the past 20 years or so. But reading does not just rely on school instruction, it also includes students reading on their own and parents reading to them or encouraging the practice.
In some cases, state tests tell a different story.
Minnesota, for example, showed a nearly two percent increase in reading proficiency, while math scores were down more than eight percent from the previous year (though to be fair, harder math tests were introduced in the state this year). In New York, math scores for fourth-graders fell below the national average for the first time in nearly 20 years. Washington saw both reading and math scores gain slightly from two years ago, while Virginia scored higher than the national average in math.
Overall, though, the results are not all that encouraging for 'the Nation's Report Card'. Proficiency in math and reading remain behind that of several other countries, and lag far behind the goals set by the No Child Left Behind law. Words like 'disappointing' and 'unacceptable' have been used to describe math and reading proficiency levels in American elementary and middle-school students; when it comes to our children's education, those are not words you want to hear.


When the Lambert Process sprung on June 3rd, 2006 PNOLA divulged all of its planning material including the preliminary studies conducted by CCNY. For sake of unity with the city council, PNOLA gave the lead to Lambert to take the ball and develop official plans.
The changing of the guards took place within June whereby the Festival of Neighborhoods revealed neighborhood plans on June 24th, with Tulane/Gravier as a major presence. At the same time, four days later, the Tulane/Gravier Planning Council held its first weekly meeting at the PNOLA HQ to tackle the Lambert planning process and to work to incorporate material from past efforts. Not less then a week later, the news of the UNOP process was in the air and the TGPC was juggling two planning processes with the same confusion and frustration as other neighborhoods.
We met weekly, every Thursday evening and produced a comphrensive binder of planning reports for 7 committees on July 17th, 2006. The binder was hailed as a great accomplishment by our Lambert planning team and by other groups we showed it to. We had very high hopes that this binder would be turned into an official plan by August 15th, 2006.
When the final presentation was made to Tulane/Gravier, we had already been expsosed to the UNOP process and could easily see that our maps and presentation was completely substandard and out of synch with what the City Planning Commission required.
Most of the TGPC felt proud of the raw material but not the finished product given by Lambert. There was very little invested into Tulane/Gravier and currently, Lambert refuses or is unable to produce and publish an official Lambert Planning book for Tulane/Gravier. Perhaps a few residents were upset about the August 15th presentation, but this should not have derailed the necessary work that Paul Lambert promised Tulane/Gravier between August 15th and Sept 29th, 2006.
I had to do a 11th hour negotiation and technically force Paul Lambert to include Tulane/Gravier in the city wide presentation on Sept 23rd (after securing a spot for Tulane/Gravier, I had to then burn a CD of our planning maps on my laptop in the city hall chambers 5 minutes before he was to present), – whereby his original intention was to leave the plan out of the presentation but the end result put Tulane/Graiver on recorded camera as being active and a fully engaged in this Lambert Process.