Thanks to the Duncan Street Horror for telling us about this one - it's a first time effort from the MAD BULL GYM. EXCELLENT spooky electronic music, good sets and scares, blind passageways, distortion mirrors in last hallway.
Rather short, but what they have is cool. GOOD BANG FOR THE BUCK! Our only regret is that we didn't hear about this sooner - and now we must re-submit info to Guinness - there are 6 HAUNTED ATTRACTIONS IN TAYLOR THIS YEAR!!!
NOT OPEN 2004 - 2008.
2004: A first time effort with all new original ideas with only one exception - the polka-dot room, which is THE BEST WE'VE EVER SEEN!
This new haunt has some really cool new stuff and a 3-D display, but unfortunately some of it wasn't yet working and to make it even worse, some key actors were missing. And we all know THAT can make or break a performance / experience! We especially liked the live butcher, the clown room and the nuclear area. WE PLAN TO VISIT THIS AGAIN IN 2004! WE DID GO AGAIN AND IT WAS WAY COOL!
THIS HAS MOVED TO THE NOVI EXPO CENTER IN 2005.
WAS OPEN IN 2007, but we missed it due to a late night traffic jam. Not open in 2008 to our knowledge - WE HOPE THEY COME BACK, THEY HAD SOME TRULY INSPIRED STRANGENESS!
ZIOPTIS 2001 rating 3 STARS FOR THE HOUSE ONLY - they were missing some key actors though. We hope to try the hayride soon. This one was at Lange Park last year. A PROMISING YOUNG PROJECT!
House had good interaction level. Evil graffiti, strobes, fog. Only one sound effect: calliope music before the insane clowns attack. Little girl made up like old lady - can't see her at first...very effective!
We finally got to try their hayride, and it was the high point of our visit. The driver looks like he's from the "Motel Hell" movie. Starts out slow, then monsters storm the wagon and kids with charcoal faces banging things against the wagon. Chain saw guy jumps onto wagon for close-up haunts.
INCLUDES A SPECIAL STUNT WE'VE NEVER SEEN BEFORE ON A HAYRIDE! Then the final stunt failed due to a prop problem, but we had it described to us and it should be cool. This was their opening night for 2002...it's hard to get things perfect on the first night!
2003: Good modular haunt that features excellent small actors and vocalizations, and it's easy to get lost in the maze! The hayride driver looks just like the guy from the "Motel Hell" movie.
It seems like a tame hayride until insanity suddenly attacks the cart in many shapes and forms. High intensity monster interaction and some special surprises we won't give away!
WE SUGGEST YOU GO FOR BOTH ATTRACTIONS.
2005: WAY COOL JOURNEY TO "MOTEL HELL"Â TOPS OFF THIS DOUBLE ATTRACTION! THIS IS A WELL DONE MODULAR HAUNT AND A REALLY CLEVER HAYRIDE.
 The walk thru modular features excellent wailing noises from lots of live actors. Lots of surprises and monsters popping out from ALL OVER! We really liked the graveyard scene and the girl ghoul that warns "THERE IS NO WAY OUT" as you're trying to find your way thru a place you're sure to get lost in!
And what's the deal with that high pitched beeping noise? Are there trucks backing up in here? But, more importantly, CAN WE FIND OUR WAY OUT OF HERE?
The hayride features a driver who looks like he belongs in the "MOTEL HELL" movie! And the journey includes a "HUMAN FARM" scene that we absolutely loved! If you saw "MOTEL HELL" you'll instantly understand the bizarre implications the scene depicts!
But if you haven't seen it, here's a brief synopsis: Farmer Vincent sells the tastiest sausage in the country. But his horrible secret is that he uses HUMAN meat from victims of his abductions, "curing" them in fields they are buried in up to their necks! You will see these pitiful souls, who have been stripped of their vocal chords to prevent them from crying out for help!
Also features 2 REALLY SHOCKING SCENES, one of which involves some girls who are playing jump rope. The other one will TOTALLY FLABBERGAST YOU! We're NOT giving any other clues, but when it happens you WILL know it!
Lots of high intensity monster interaction and good use of resources. We really liked the weird dude with wild makeup and multi-colored clothes who comes up to communicate with you with ultra-strange mannerisms.
And we instantly fell in love with the girl who emerges from a house part that couldn't exist in the location they've placed it at! She has a CRAZY hairdo (remember cousin Itt on The Addams Family?) and ethereal demeanor to boot!
This is the old TERRORZONE & TERRIFIED TRAILS revamped and revved up ready to go! YOU should go! GOOD BANG-FOR-THE-BUCK VALUE!
ZIOPTIS 2002 rating 4 stars A rising star on the Downriver scene - ONE TO WATCH! WE'RE PLEASED TO SEE THEY'VE MOVED BACK TO THE BIGGER BUILDING THEY USED BEFORE!
2002: Even bigger this year - 80 more wood panels than last time! Still has blind passageways - can't tell where you're going! And then, BANG GOES YOUR HEART!
We especially liked the improved soundtrack (condensed from over 6 hours of material), the WALL OF HEADS room and the EXTREME HIGH INTENSITY from the actors!!
2003: This haunt improves every year, how do they do it? Great sound, monster interaction, some new high intensity gags, and of course their trademark pitch black passageways. You can't tell where you're going and then suddenly - BANG GOES YOUR HEART!
We especially liked the new swirl room and ghost entrances to the next rooms. Also new is the hallway where you might get squished "to death" you'll love it! THIS PLACE WAS JAMMIN' WHEN WE ARRIVED - I CAN SEE WHY!
2004: This is old school at its' finest! Features LOTS of TOTALLY DARK passageways, more than any other haunt we've seen. You keep wondering when all hell will break loose, because you instinctively know IT WILL! And then sensory deprivation gives way to sensory overload - YOU POSITIVELY WILL FREAK OUT when they thrust you into an ALL NEW GAG THAT WILL KNOCK YOUR SOCKS OFF! We're not about to give any clue as to what it is now, but TRUST ME, you WILL KNOW when it happens!!!
Great sound and eerie content, flying monsters, LYING monsters, AWESOME SCARE AND PHYSICAL THRILL FACTORS! WIMPS STAY HOME!!! WE'RE NOT KIDDING!!!!!
STILL ONLY $10 IN 2005!
2005: OLD SCHOOL HAUNTING AT ITS' FINEST! THE EXTREME SCREAM DELIVERS THE GOODS AND PACKS A GREAT BANG-FOR-THE-BUCK AT STILL ONLY TEN BUCKS!
Even better sound and lighting this year! The PA system is a top notch system, producing deep thunderous bass and crystal clear highs too - never too loud but with a fantastic impact!
Last year's big WOW has been replaced with a section that brought us to our knees, begging for mercy! And beware of what the monsters tell you, as these creatures of ill repute have been known to lie!
THE EXTREME SCREAM RAISES THE BAR AGAIN WITH IMPRESSIVE RESULTS!
ZIOPTIS 2002 rating 4 1/2 STARS THE MIGHTY MACHINE SCREAMS ON BETTER THAN EVER!
New location this year inside same park as last year - in the Taylor Community Center. Bigger area - 20,000 square feet - room for even more expansion in 2003!
We especially liked the new entrance facade, the giant rat attacking your feet and the giant monster dude near the end. Good black hole too! VERY HOLLYWOOD-ESQUE...GREAT LIGHTING AND SOUND!!! EVEN BIGGER PLANS FOR 2003!
This is on our MUST SEE LIST FOR 2003!
ZIOPTS 2003 rating 5 STARS!
2003: MUCH BIGGER than previous years, now with an extensive 3-D display by the industry leader Stu Smith at start of haunt. The second part of the haunt features so many scenes it's mind boggling! Great monster interaction, sound and lighting, werewolves, cemetery, church scene, animals attacking you AND SO MUCH MORE!
We especially liked the low frequency THOOM € THOOM noises you hear at the start and the "living" forest - watch out for that not so friendly tree! AN IMPRESSIVE EFFORT FROM ONE OF DOWNRIVER'S LEADERS!
2004: WOW! Even more amazing than 2003, this haunt continues to expand at an almost alarming rate! What you get is 150 more original 3-D panels than last year and SO MUCH MORE! Good dark passageways and then a floor you'll swear is floating in the 3-D display!
We especially liked the floating dead bride, the church scene, the super tall dude and the FASTEST BLACK HOLE ANYWHERE - 10 RPM FASTER THAN THE OTHERS!! Many people have chickened out of going thru, but we were in our glory! Try walking thru WITHOUT holding on to the railing, and then turn around slowly IF YOU CAN for a most unique motion illusion sensation!
Great sound and lighting throughout and excellent monster interaction. BIG PLANS FOR EVEN MORE EXPANSION IN 2005!
2005: Follow the strobe lights outside this to an AMAZING HAUNT THAT DELIVERS THE GOODS! Awesome 3-D at the start with FLOORS THAT FLOAT too - many haunts' 3-D displays are on the walls only. Also features the FASTEST BLACK HOLE we've seen and LOTS OF DETAIL, EVERY ROOM DIFFERENT.
Great creatures, sound, lighting, and LACK of lighting in totally black passageways! This takes quite a while to go thru - there's JUST SO MUCH TO SEE AND EXPERIENCE HERE - GO!!!
2002: This is a first time effort from a veteran performer / magician on the scene that unfortunately fell a little short of obtaining its' lofty goals - THIS TIME.
The concept is great, almost even spiritual - attending your own funeral, being in your coffin and then a journey to the light at the end of the tunnel!
Realization hindered by city inspectors this year - plans in works to fulfill project in 2003. High intensity action from actors, loud rock music playing outside while you wait in line. WE HAVE BIG HOPES FOR THIS ONE - DON'T COUNT THEM OUT!!
2005: THIS AMBITIOUS YOUNG PROJECT HAS COME A LONG WAY SINCE ITS' DEBUT IN 2002!
The intro is on a TV with a hideous looking human with a giant tooth (or something!) growing out of his cheek. High intensity taunting and we really liked the highly unique method of transporting you from one room to the next that will land you flat on your back!
Later, a sign says "WELCOME TO HELL," and they are NOT referring to Hell, Michigan! Your soul will be revealed to you, unless you don't have one! You'll be able to SEE that here, thanks to a special room constructed for just that purpose!
Good music and creepy things hanging and on walls. We really liked the krazy klown with the super long face and one VERY SPECIAL ACTOR YOU WON'T FORGET in the last scene!
NOT OPERATING IN 2006, WE HOPE THEY'RE BACK NEXT YEAR!
Duncan Street, Taylor, MI October 25, 26 and 31, 2002 UNKNOWN STATUS FOR 2004- 2008. directions: take Beech Daly to Joan Street, go west. Continue 3 blocks to Duncan Street and turn left. This is not just a yard display - it's a multi-room walk thru attraction.
HERE'S ANOTHER ONE NOT IN THE FEAR FINDER - IT'S A 3 DAY ONLY AFFAIR AT WHAT LOOKS TO BE SOMEONE'S HOUSE IN TAYLOR, MICHIGAN. " THE DUNCAN STREET HORROR IS BAAAAACK" SAYS A BROCHURE I FOUND AT A LOCAL PIZZERIA. 6355 Duncan Street, Taylor, MI directions: take Beech Daly to Joan Street west, go to 3rd stop sign and turn left on Duncan Street. OCTOBER 25, 26 AND HALLOWEEN ONLY.
From the flyer: "By entering of your own free will, you agree that you are fearless, and not easily subject to nightmares or post-traumatic stress disorder caused by extreme incidents of being completely frightened.
You also agree that you don't smell too bad, are able to read, and you agree to take sole responsibility for your actions and reactions to what you might experience while visiting Duncan Street Horror...from use or misuse of demons herein...No lifeguard on duty...without the express written consent of the Wicked Witch of the East or the Headless Horseman...Management recommends bringing a flashlight and waiting at least one half hour after eating before entering this hell-zone.
No animals were harmed in any way in the testing and creation of this haunting. Furthermore, you agree to eat your vegetables and always turn out the light when you leave a room. If you fail to do so, we will tell your mom. This visit may be recorded for virtual fright training and quality control purposes."
We squeezed in a visit to this late Halloween night and really liked what we saw. The path takes you thru several structures with ghoulish surprises, quite elaborate for a yard haunt. Lots of neighborhood kids obviously approved, because they kept coming and coming the whole time we were there! KUDOS TO THE DUNCAN STREET HORROR!
NOT OPEN IN 2003 - MAY BE AT A DIFFERENT LOCATION IN 2004.
STATUS UNKNOWN FOR 2004 - 2008 and beyond to 2018.
THIS HIGHLY UNUSUAL APPROACH IS A WINNER! Short but sweet, this haunt offers several quirky twists we haven't seen before. Highly effective use of strobe lighting at a VERY SLOW RATE.
Also features an excellent op-art room, excellent monster surprises and vocalizations, and we really liked the prison we found ourselves suddenly trapped in where some highly unusual demands were made of us! You better obey, or else!
WE HAD A BLAST HERE...YOU WILL TOO IF YOU GO!
A STRONG NEW EFFORT FROM VFW & VIETNAM VETS VOLUNTEERS! The action starts before you start your hayride with an unusual twist on a familiar prop at haunts - look to the left of the ticket booth. You'll be prompted, be ready!
The hayride has a single cart, providing maximum accessibility for the many ghouls and monsters waiting. Then the hayride dumps you off at the "Witches Hut." Now you're on your own to fend off who knows what during the forest walk, which features a bottomless pit and a corn field. Afterwards, you can sit around the bonfire and hear ghost stories told!
Great ambience and effective use of SLOW flashing strobe lights. AWESOME PRESENTATION FROM START TO END!
NOT OPEN IN 2006, THEY SAID THEY'LL BE BACK IN 2007. WE LOOK FORWARD TO IT!
THE SHOW IS ON FOR 2007, WE ARE GOING FOR SURE!
7-10 pm Sunday -Thursday, 7-midnight Friday & Saturday October 13-14, 20-21 and 23-30.
A BRAND NEW LOCATION FOR 2007 AT AN OLD HOSPITAL!
2004: This is at the old Wyandotte Theater. They were busy working on it when we visited. Opening date in 2004 is October 15. THE JAYCEES HAVE BEEN PUTTING ON HAUNTS FOR MANY MOONS, WE CAN'T WAIT TO SEE WHAT THEY'VE DONE TO THIS THEATER!
They always seem to have a knack for finding old buildings or houses slated for demolition, although we understand there are no current plans to demolish this particular structure after the haunt season. Maybe they can keep dibs on this place!
ZIOPTIS 2000 rating 3 1/2 stars ZIOPTIS 2001 rating 3 3/4 stars for their HAUNTED REALMS.
2002: This year they have secured the old Mclaughlin's Furniture warehouse to use, and they were allowed to modify it to their needs, including building walls. The Jaycees have been haunting us for eons and eons throughout Michigan and Ohio - KUDOS TO THE JAYCEES!
We especially liked the deranged clowns and the final room - IT'S SNOWING INSIDE! Great voice characterizations from girl in Snow Room. Disappointing "blind" passageways - tops are open so you can see exactly where you need to go next because of ambient strobe lighting above. Good interaction, chain saw dude at end.
2003: Much improved since 2002! The dark passageways ARE dark this time! Their best haunts seem to have been the ones in abandoned houses slated for demolition, and that is the case in 2003! In fact, they have 2 houses next door to each other connected by an added hallway structure!
Excellent scare factor, some really LOUD surprises from devices AND actors, and what's the deal with the last room where it's SNOWING?!
2004: The action starts while you wait in line with some creepy characters that spook you - excellent makeup! They did lots of work on this and it shows! The Jaycees have a long history of cranking out quality haunts, and this one is no exception. Good scenes, interaction and we really liked the live sound effects, some of which involved high intensity metal clanging!
NEW LOCATION FOR 2005 IS 2929 FORT STREET, 2 BLOCKS NORTH OF EUREKA.
2005: The show started before we entered with various creepy souls lurking about! Our favorite was a young ghoul dragging an axe. The makeup is incredible! Actually, it's more than just makeup - gory deformities are molded right on the face giving a highly realistic effect! It looks so real! Other characters too with the same techniques - we especially liked the bloody bride that has a most dramatic entrance!
Totally black passageways, good monster interaction / misdirection, a unique shrinking hallway, and we absolutely loved the scene near the end with the witch in front of you! TOTALLY WILD!! And the very last scene - well you'll just HAVE TO GO HERE TO SEE IT! Mere words cannot do it justice, and we're not talking anyway!
A NEW LOCATION AGAIN - THE JAYCEES HAVE A KNACK FOR FINDING EXCELLENT BUILDINGS TO USE JUST BEFORE THEY'RE DEMOLISHED!


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Travel Guide Asia India Lucknow
St Francis 2
© PipandJim
Popularly known as the City of Nawabs, Lucknow is located on the banks of River Gomti. Capital of the state of Uttar Pradesh, it was founded by Nawab Asaf ud Daula, a ruler of Awadh dynasty. It is known for its impressive monuments, courteous culture and mouthwatering delicacies.
Aminabad
Badshah Nagar
Dilkusha
Gola Ganj
Hazratganj
Indira Nagar, Lucknow
Sarvodaya Nagar
Trans-Gomti area
Usman Enclave, Lucknow
Sights and Activities
Lucknow hosts a range of magnificent monuments.
Bara(Big) Imambara
Asaf-ud-Daula, the fourth ruler of Awadh, built Bara Imambara in the year 1784. The monument has a unique style of construction. The central hall is one of the largest arched halls in the world. The hall is 50 metres long and reaches height of 15 metres. The blocks have been set with interlocking system of bricks. There is absolutely no use of girders and beams. It is known for its incredible maze called Bhulbhulaiya. From the top of the monument, one can have sweeping view of the city.
Chotta(Small) Imambara
The Hussainabad Imambada, also known as Chhota Imambada was build by Mohammed Ali Shah in 1837. It is believed to be the mausoleum of Mohammed Ali Shah himself. The Imambara also encloses a tank with small imitations of the Taj Mahal on each side. The main Imambara is topped by a golden dome, which is supposed to be the tomb of Ali Shah and his mother. There is also a watch tower just opposite the tomb. The Imambara is illuminated during the occasion of Muharram giving it a wonderful look.
Residency in Lucknow is a well-known historical landmark. Now declared a protected monument by the Archaeological Survey of India, it served as a refuge for approximate 3000 British people during the uprising of 1857. The Residency has the graves of many British soldiers who died fighting in the revolt. It also has a well-maintained museum.
Rumi Darwaza
A magnificent architectural structural, Rumi Darwaza was constructed in the year 1784 by Nawab Asaf-ud-daula. The monument goes upto a staggering height of 60 feet. The upper part of the huge gate comprises of an octagonal Chatri (Umbrella) carved beautifully. The beautifully carved flowers and designs speak volumes are evident of the eye for detail.
Lucknow Mahotsava is a major 10-day event organized by the tourism authorities in the city, usually in the months of November/December. During the course of this festival, events like plays, classical music and dance recitals, kite flying and Tonga races take place. There are shopping stalls also where local artisans sell their handicrafts products. The Mahotsav is also a great event for the food connoisseurs, from Thandai to Kesaria milk, Kebab- parathas and other mouth watering exotic dishes are available.
Holi is quite popular in the Indian sub-continent and is traditionally celebrated on the day after the full moon in the month of Phalguna (early March), according to Hindu callendar. Holi is a thanksgiving festival, where people offer prayer to God for good harvest and fertility of the land. However it has a legend attached to it according to which an arrogant king resents his son Prahlada from worshipping Lord Vishnu. He attempts to kill his son but fails each time, finally he asks his sister Holika, who is said to be immune to burning, sits with Prahlada in fire. However Prahlada emerges alive and Holika is burnt to death. Holi commemorates this event from the Hindu mythology, and huge bonfires are burnt on the eve of Holi as its symbolic representation. This festival is also associated with the immortal love story of Krishna and Radha, and hence celebrations are spread over a period of 2 weeks in Vrindavan and Mathura - the two cities associated with Krishna. Holi is a festival of freedom from social norms and caste inhibitions are shed for a day as people indulge in fun and merry-making. Colors and 'gulal' are showered on the people dressed up for the occasion and the whole community seems to merge into one big family under the guise of colors, without any distinction whatsoever. Children with face smeared with colors run around with 'pichkaris' (big syringes to splash colored water) and play amongst themselves. People exchange good wishes, sweets and gifts. Holi is also marked by vibrant processions which are accompanied by folk songs, dances and drum beating. Parties are also organized where snacks and the traditional milk-based drink "Thandai" is served which is often intoxicated with "Bhang". Of late, lots of foreigners have started taking interest in this festival and they even enjoy the colors and the intoxicating drink. It is advised to cover your hair with a cap and eyes with sunglasses to avoid the colors splashing the eyes and damaging the hair.
Republic Day - Republic Day is a national holiday in India every January 26 to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution in 1950 and the declaration of independence in 1930. The capital of New Delhi is the focus of the celebrations, including a flag raising ceremony, wreath laying, 21-gun salute, Presidential speech, and presentation of awards for selflessness and bravery. A massive military parade includes elephants ridden by children who have received national accolades.
Gandhi Jayanti - Gandhi Jayanti is a national public holiday commemorating the birth of the peaceful activist, Mohandas Gandhi on October 2, 1869. The celebration coincides with the United Nations' International Day of Non-Violence. In India, Gandhi is remembered through statues, flower and candle offerings, prayers and singing the devotional hymn Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram. The Indian government issues special mint rupees and postage stamps bearing his picture.
Ganesh Chaturthi - The ten-day September festival of Ganesh Chaturthi celebrates the birthday of the elephant-headed Hindu god Ganesh with culture, concerts and feasts. The biggest events take place in Maharashtra where people worship an idol for ten days before taking it to the river or sea and drowning it.
Navarathri, Dussehra Festival - This theatrical Hindu festival takes place over ten days in October. The first nine feature dancing to honor the Mother Goddess. The tenth day commemorates Lord Rama's defeat of demon king Ravana and goddess Durga's triumph over Mahishasura, the buffalo demon. The event is called Durga Puja in east India where the faithful create huge statues to immerse in the Ganges River.
Diwali - Diwali is the five-day festival of lights held in India in late October or early November each year. The widely celebrated Hindu event marks Lord Rama's victory over the demon Ravan. Homes and streets are decorated with lights, candles and small clay lamps, and new clothes are worn and sweets are exchanged.
Lucknow experiences a typical subtropical climate with hot summers and cold dry winters. The summer season lasts from April to June and the temperatures can reach up to 48 °C, while the average is in the 40s.Hot dry winds generally called "loo" blow in the summer months the season unbearable. Monsoon sets in the month of July and lasts till September. The city receives its majority of rainfall during these months. The winters start from October and last till February. The winter season is quite pleasant with the average temperature around 11 °C. It is the best time to visit this historic city.
Avg Max
22.4 °C 26.1 °C 32.2 °C 38.1 °C 40.2 °C 38.5 °C 33.9 °C 33 °C 33.1 °C 32.6 °C 29 °C 24.2 °C
Avg Min
7.4 °C 10 °C 14.7 °C 20.6 °C 24.7 °C 26.9 °C 26.1 °C 25.6 °C 24.3 °C 19.2 °C 12.4 °C 8.2 °C
18.9 mm 17.6 mm 8.7 mm 6.2 mm 20.1 mm 105.6 mm 269.7 mm 265.9 mm 197.3 mm 46.7 mm 7.3 mm 15.2 mm
Rain Days
1.9 1.8 1.3 0.8 1.8 6.6 13.5 16 9.5 1.7 0.5 0.8
Lucknow International Airport (Airport code LKO), also known as Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport is located in Amausi, around 20 kilometres from the city centre. The airport handles domestic flights to all the major cities of the country and international flights to a few destinations which include Dubai, Sharjah, Jeddah, Riyadh and Muscat. Some of the domestic airlines operating from Lucknow include Kingfisher, Indigo, Jet Airways, Indian Airlines. Pre-paid taxis are available from the airport to the city centre and recently a city bus service has also been started to service the airport.
Lucknow Charbagh station is a major railway junction and is connected with train services to all the regions of the country. However the Charbagh station has two separate blocks, the bigger one and through which major trains pass is owned by the Northern Railway and other smaller one by North Eastern Railway. Tourists are advised to reach the station well in time so that the change of blocks is possible in case of need. Train timings, fare and availability of berths can be checked at the official Indian Railways website.
Road conditions have improved considerably and the city is connected with good quality roads with the important cities like Varanasi, Kanpur, Gorakhpur and Allahabad.
Lucknow is well connected by bus services with the neighbouring cities and towns. Deluxe and air-conditioned buses are also available on popular routes such as Lucknow - Allahabad, Lucknow - Kanpur and Lucknow -Varanasi.
No boat service is available to the city.
Taxi and riksha drivers in Lucknow are of the more insistent type, although few of them will speak enough English to go to locations that are out of the way.
There are many car rental companies available. One should hire cars with local drivers as traffic is dangerous for anybody not used to local traffic conditions.
Eating out in Lucknow shouldn't be any of your concerns, as you will find many places to eat here and there. In Lucknow, restaurants are aplenty and you will never be faced with a problem of finding a place to soothe those hunger pangs of yours. Lucknow is famous for its local cuisines like kebabs and biryanis so rest assured you shall not have a problem thinking what to eat in Lucknow. For all those who live to eat, Lucknow offers a delightful palette to suit your tastes. Do not hesitate to try new dishes and cuisines. Of course, you can burn those calories the next day!
The people in Lucknow are known for their courtesy and will attend to every whim and fancy of yours. The service is excellent and the food is heavenly! There are some high-end restaurants and also those small restaurants on the roadsides. As long as you are satisfied with the service and food, it shouldn't really matter whether you eat at a plush restaurant or a decent lodge. For those who want easy and fast food, head onto the nearest Dominos and McDonalds outlet and have your kind of food.
Finding alcohol is not a problem, but most bars are seedy and are to be avoided, except for those in five-star restaurants. A safer drink alternative is the famous local lassi yogurt drink. shikanji. Not all retail shops of wine/liquor are authorised to serve so it's always suggested to drink in a bar or at your home or hotel.
You can use the form below to search for availability (Travellerspoint receives a commission for bookings made through the form)
Lucknow University
There's good coverage over most of India for Internet cafes. However, following the recent terror attacks in Mumbai and some other cities, all internet cafes have been instructed by the authorities to maintain a register and note down the identification details of all persons using internet. Sify iWay is a reliable and cheap cafe with over 1,600 cafes over India. iWay also allows you to open a pre-paid account that you can use all over India. Whenever you have Internet access probably the best and cheapest way to call family and friends at home is software that allows users to make voice calls over the Internet such as Skype.
Wifi hotspots in India are, for most part, limited. The major airports and stations do offer paid wifi at around RS.60-100 an hour. Delhi, Bangalore, Pune and Mumbai are the only cities with decent wifi coverage. At Mumbai airport, you get to use WiFi internet free, for an hour or so.
See also International Telephone Calls
The country code for India is 91. To dial outside the country from India, prefix the country code with 00.
The general emergency number is 100 (emergency response police & fire), while for ambulance you should dial 102 or 112, though some regions have 108 for this emergency. 108 is used in in the Indian states of Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Goa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Kerala, Odisha,Assam, Meghalaya, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. 108 can be called for medical, crime, fire, or any other emergency from any phone.
Local phone numbers can be anywhere from 5-8 digits long. But when the area code is included, all landline phone numbers in India are 10 digits long. Cellphone numbers usually start with '9', '8', or '7'. Toll-free numbers start with 1-800.
If staying longterm it is probably wise to think about investing in a mobile phone. You'll possibly need to provide a photocopy of your passport and itinerary, so come prepared. Make sure you arrange it upon arrival in a big city, as it can sometimes be difficult to organise with language barriers and such in more regional areas. You can buy a cheap nokia for about RS.1,200 with a pre-paid plan. Airtel is a good carrier to think about as they have great coverage, and constant offers for cheaper calling. To recharge, most shop vendors with phone carrier signs can do it via their own phone. You give them your mobile number, they put it in their phone and you'll both get messages as to whether or not the recharge has been successful. Also, if possible, buy the phone in the state where you do the most travelling as the charges are higher in the states where you did not originally buy the phone.
Over the entire country there are plenty of public phones, even in the middle of the countryside. Although most of the time these phones are not very well maintained and have horrible connections. Therefore remember when using one of these public phones one must be extremely patient.
For international calls from payphones, you'll have to visit a reputable internet cafe with a phone-booth. Mobile phones are usually a better and cheaper option.
India Post is the national postal service of India, and on their website you find details about prices to send postcards, letters and parcels, both domestically and internationally. For most postcards to send internationally, it is better to visit the post office before writing on the card as you may need quite a few stamps. Parcels must be taken to a tailor, he will then sew it up in white linen. Make sure he seals it with red wax, otherwise the post office may refuse to send it or try to get you to pay them to do it. Sewing up a parcel should only cost RS.50 to 200. In general, post offices are open from 10:00am to 1:00pm and 1:30pm to 4:30pm in most bigger towns and cities, though there are regional variations and some might keep longer hours or be open during (part of) the weekend as well. Ask around.
If you want to send bigger packages/parcels, it might be better, faster and sometimes even cheaper, to contact a private company like DHL, TNT or UPS.
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The Big Ideas Behind Andy Warhol's Art, and How They Can Help Us Build a Better World
in Art | October 29th, 2015 Leave a Comment
Multicolored Marilyn Monroes, a can of Campbell's soup, that silver wig, some vague but important role in the formation of the Velvet Underground — how much, apart from a scattering of cultural scraps such as these, does any of us really know about Andy Warhol, one of the definers of art in the second half of the twentieth century? Earlier this year, we featured a video from John Green and Sarah Urist Green's The Art Assignment that made the case for Andy Warhol in three minutes. Assuming you accept its argument, where to look next to cultivate a deeper appreciation of the man who produced those Marilyns and Campbell's soup cans, wore that silver wig, and presided over the environment in which the likes of the Velvet Underground could take shape?
Alain de Botton's School of Life, not just an institution but a prolific maker of educational videos, has doubled down on the case for Andy Warhol with a six-minute video of their own, which comes as the first in their series of short primers on figures from art and architecture. (See a complete playlist of those videos below.) "Andy Warhol was the most glamorous figure of 20th-century American art," de Botton unequivocally states, adding that his "great achievement was to develop a generous and helpful view of two major forces in modern society: commerce and celebrity."
Within this framework, the lesson finds "four big ideas behind Andy Warhol's work, which can teach us a more inspired way of looking at the world and prompt us to build a better society" — and which, in this technological age of which Warhol himself could only dream, have become more easily implementable than ever.
These ideas, on which the video elaborates verbally and visually, have to do with (1) appreciating life by examining the stuff of it — such as a humble soup can — more closely, (2) improving the workings of society by distributing glamor differently, granting higher status to maids and showing the nation the President cleaning a toilet once in a while, (3) approaching business as a particularly fascinating form of art while distributing art more widely by approaching it as a business, and (4) using an open and non-vindictive personality as a kind of "brand" to unite seemingly disparate artistic and commercial ventures into a coherent whole. Will any of this get you shopping for a Marilyn print of your own? It may or may not, but you won't come away without a bit of inspiration for how to take your own pursuits to a new, more Warholian level.
The Case for Andy Warhol in Three Minutes
Watch the Uncensored Andy Warhol-Directed Video for The Cars' Hit "Hello Again" (NSFW)
Andy Warhol Shoots "Screen Tests" of Nico, Bob Dylan & Salvador Dalí
Andy Warhol's 1965 Film, Vinyl, Adapted from Anthony Burgess' A Clockwork Orange
The Odd Couple: Jean-Michel Basquiat and Andy Warhol, 1986
Colin Marshall writes elsewhere on cities, language, Asia, and men's style. He's at work on a book about Los Angeles, A Los Angeles Primer, the video series The City in Cinema, and the crowdfunded journalism project Where Is the City of the Future? Follow him on Twitter at @colinmarshall or on Facebook.


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Le réseau hydrographique de la Charente est l'ensemble des éléments naturels (rivières) ou artificiels (canaux), drainant le territoire du département de la Charente (région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France). Il regroupe ainsi des cours d'eau ou canaux situés entièrement ou partiellement en Charente.

Le réseau hydrographique s'étend sur un linéaire de près de  de cours d'eau dont 73 de longueur supérieure à .

Caractéristiques

Cours d'eau

Notion de cours d'eau

Jusqu'en 2016, aucun texte législatif ne définissait la notion de cours d'eau. Ce n'est qu'avec la loi du 8 août 2016 pour la reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages que cette lacune est comblée. L'article 118 de cette loi insère un nouvel article L. 215-7-1 dans le code de l'environnement précisant que . Ainsi les trois critères cumulatifs caractérisant un cours d'eau sont :
 la présence et la permanence d'un lit naturel à l'origine, ce qui distingue les cours d'eau (artificialisés ou non) des fossés et canaux creusés par la main de l'homme ;
 l'alimentation par une source ;
 la permanence d'un débit suffisant une majeure partie de l'année, critère qui doit être évalué en fonction des conditions climatiques et hydrologiques locales.

Bassins versants et cours d'eau

Les bassins hydrographiques sont découpés dans le référentiel national BD Carthage en éléments de plus en plus fins, emboîtés selon quatre niveaux : régions hydrographiques, secteurs, sous-secteurs et zones hydrographiques. Le département est découpé en trois régions hydrographiques : « la Loire de la Vienne à la Maine », au nord-est du département au sein du bassin Loire-Bretagne, « la Charente » et la « Dordogne » au sein du bassin Adour-Garonne.

Les secteurs et sous-secteurs peuvent être regroupés dans des bassins versants homogènes. Dans le bassin Adour-Garonne, un découpage hydrographique spécifique a été défini pour les eaux de surface par le SDAGE 1996 et conservé dans le SDAGE 2010 puis 2016 : les unités hydrographiques de référence (UHR). La logique de définition repose sur les trois points suivants : une cohérence hydrogéographique forte, une taille moyenne et un bon cadrage de ces unités par les réseaux nodaux du SDAGE (qualité et quantité).

Le territoire départemental peut ainsi être décomposé en trois grands bassins versants et cinq UHR :
 le bassin de la Loire, d'une très grand superficie () et qui s'étend sur plus de 20 % du territoire national, avec, dans le département de la Charente, une très petite partie au nord-ouest du département, drainé par la Vienne ;

 le bassin de la Charente, le plus petit bassin versant d'Adour-Garonne (), occupe une grande partie ouest et centre du territoire départemental et se répartit dans le département en trois UHR : Charente amont (), drainée par la Charente et la Bonnieure, Charente aval (), drainée par la Charente et le Né, et Tardoire-Touvre (), drainée par la Tardoire, le Bandiat et la Touvre ;
 le bassin de la Dordogne, plus grand bassin versant d'Adour-Garonne () après celui de la Garonne, occupe le sud du département et se subdivise en deux UHR : Dronne, drainée par la Dronne, la Lizonne et l'Auzonne, et Dordogne atlantique, drainée par le Lary et le Palais.

Le réseau hydrographique s'étend sur un linéaire de près de  de cours d'eau dont 73 de longueur supérieure à  .

Hydrologie des principaux cours d'eau
Les données hydrologiques des principaux cours d'eau du département des Deux-Sèvres sont acquises grâce à un ensemble de  de mesure et stockées dans une base de données nationale dénommée Banque Hydro. Les hauteurs d'eau sont mesurées à des pas variables et permettent de calculer, par station, les débits instantanés, journaliers, mensuels, etc. à partir des valeurs de hauteur d'eau et des courbes de tarage (relations entre les hauteurs et les débits). Ces valeurs sont actualisées à chaque mise à jour d'une hauteur ou d'une courbe de tarage (addition, précision supplémentaire, correction, etc.). Ces  de mesures sont les suivantes :

Cartographie des cours d'eau au titre de la police de l'eau
En lien avec la loi pour la reconquête de la biodiversité, de la nature et des paysages, publiée au Journal officiel du 9 août 2016, définissant la notion de cours d'eau, une instruction du gouvernement du  demande aux services d'État de mettre en place une cartographie du réseau hydrographique dans chaque département, afin de permettre aux riverains concernés de distinguer facilement les cours d'eau des fossés, non soumis aux mêmes règles : une intervention sur un cours d'eau allant au-delà de l'entretien courant ne peut en effet se faire que dans le cadre d'une déclaration ou autorisation « loi sur l'eau ». Concernant la Charente, un comité de pilotage regroupant l'ensemble des partenaires et intervenants sur l'eau a été mis en place le 29 juin 2015. Un groupe technique a été créé (DDT, ONEMA, SIAH) afin de rassembler l'ensemble des informations (superposition des différentes cartes disponibles). Une carte statique de repérage des cours d'eau est disponible depuis 2016. Une cartographie interactive est disponible sur le SIGORE, le portail cartographique de l'environnement en région Nouvelle-Aquitaine.

Domaine public fluvial
Les seuls cours d'eau domaniaux dont les berges et le fond appartiennent et sont entretenus par l'État sont :

Plans d'eau et milieux aquatiques

Plans d'eau
L'appellation plans d'eau désigne l'ensemble des retenues d'eau stagnante, d'eau plane, quelle que soit leur surface (minimale ou maximale) et quelle que soit leur profondeur et comprend donc aussi bien les trous d'eau de quelques dizaines ou centaines de  que les grands lacs. Les étangs sont extrêmement nombreux et disséminés. L'imperméabilité transforme toutes les anciennes carrières d'argile et autres excavations après extraction, mais aussi les sablières du Sud-Charente en plans d'eau et étangs de pêche. Certains de ces étangs sont des ZNIEFF où sont effectués des comptages d'oiseaux (étangs d'Orlut sur Cherves-Richemont par exemple).

Les lacs de Haute-Charente, ont été créés par deux barrages, le barrages du Mas Chaban et le barrage de Lavaud construits en 1989 et 1990. Le lac de Lavaud est situé sur la Charente. Le lac du Mas-Chaban situé à  à l'ouest est sur la Moulde, à  en amont de la confluence Charente/Moulde sur les communes de Lésignac-Durand et Massignac. Ils occupent 400 hectares et ont pour but de soutenir l'étiage du fleuve durant l'été. Les autres principaux plans d'eau sont les suivants : le plan d'eau de la Grande Prairie (), le Domaine de la Grole (), l'Étang de Brigueuil (), l'Étang de la Chauffie (), l'Étang du moulin de planchas (), l'Étang Arnaud (), le lac des Saules (), le plan d'eau du Bois Jardinet () .

Milieux humides
A la différence des cours d'eau, les eaux des mares et étangs sont stagnantes. La profondeur est faible de sorte que la lumière, qui permet la photosynthèse, pénètre souvent jusqu'au fond.

Les zones de marais étaient nombreuses dans l'ouest du département (comme en atteste les toponymes « pallud »). Il s'agissait des vallées du Né et de l'Antenne et de zones inondables transformées en étang autour du Fossé du Roy ainsi que d'une vaste zone dans le secteur de Gensac-la-Pallue (à la Pallue, il y a deux marais, de Rulle et Grand marais et une rivière naît d'une source dans les marais). Actuellement on étudie la faisabilité de rendre à ces marais leur rôle de zones d'expansion du fleuve Charente et ainsi de diminuer l'impact des inondations dans les zones bâties. De 1998 à 2002, Poitou-Charentes Nature a engagé un programme régional d'inventaire des mares du Poitou-Charentes, avec l'aide de ses associations membres et de leurs bénévoles. Le nord-ouest et le sud-ouest du territoire départemental présente une densité importante de mares.

Gouvernance de bassin

Bassins administratifs
La gestion de l'eau, soumise à une législation nationale et à des directives européennes, se décline par bassin hydrographique, au nombre de sept en France métropolitaine, échelle cohérente écologiquement et adaptée à une gestion des ressources en eau. La Vienne est découpé en deux bassins : le bassin Loire-Bretagne sur la plus grande partie du territoire et le bassin Adour-Garonne, qui sont à la fois des circonscriptions administratives de bassin, territoires de gestion dont les limites sont des limites communales, et des bassins hydrographiques, territoires hydrographiques dont les limites sont des lignes de partage des eaux. Chaque circonscription de bassin, également appelée bassin Directive-cadre sur l'eau (bassin DCE), est découpée en sous-bassins administratifs, dénommés aussi sous-bassins DCE, qui constituent un niveau intermédiaire d'agrégation entre la masse d'eau et le bassin Directive-cadre sur l'eau. La Charente est découpé en trois sous-bassins : « Vienne-Creuse » et « Loire aval et côtiers vendéens » dans le bassin Loire-Bretagne et « Charente » dans le bassin Adour-Garonne.

Acteurs
La planification de l'eau s'appuie sur une gouvernance qui fait intervenir différents acteurs que l'on peut schématiquement répartir en quatre groupes : sphère de décision, instances de préparation des décisions, instances techniques et partenaires du bassin associés à la planification. La sphère de décision comprend le comité de bassin et le préfet coordonnateur de bassin.

Instances de bassin
Les instances de bassins sont constituées de deux entités :
 le comité de bassin, une instance de concertation qui regroupe différents acteurs, publics ou privés, agissant dans le domaine de l'eau : collectivités, État, usagers, personnes qualifiées, milieux socioprofessionnels et le préfet coordonnateur de bassin. Le département de la Charente dépend, selon les parties de son territoire, des comités de bassins Adour-Garonne et Loire-Bretagne ;
 l'agence de l'eau, un établissement public à caractère administratif de l'État. Le département de la Charente dépend de deux agences de l'eau : Adour-Garonne, dont le siège est à Toulouse et Loire-Bretagne, dont le siège est à Orléans.

Commissions locales de l'eau
Une Commission locale de l'eau est définie à l'échelle de chaque schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SAGE), qui, respectant le schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SDAGE), précise les objectifs plus détaillés de l'utilisation de l'eau. Elle est composée de 50 % d'élus, 25 % d'usagers, 25 % d'administrations.

Établissements publics territoriaux de bassin
La loi du  relative à la prévention des risques technologiques et naturels et à la réparation des dommages a fait des établissements publics territoriaux de bassin (EPTB) des acteurs officiels de la politique de l'eau à l'échelle d'un bassin versant ou d'un sous-bassin. Leur rôle a été renforcé par la loi sur l'eau et les milieux aquatiques du  et par la loi du  portant engagement national pour l'environnement (Grenelle 2). Leur périmètre doit répondre à la cohérence hydrographique d'un bassin ou d'un sous-bassin hydrographique, sans limite de taille minimum. Ils sont déconnectés des limites administratives des collectivités membres.

L'EPTB Fleuve Charente est compétent sur le territoire de la Charente.

Planification
La directive-cadre sur l'eau (DCE) du  déploie une logique de planification (les « plans de gestion » que sont les schémas directeurs d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SDAGE) en France), associée à une politique de programmation (les « programmes de mesures » - PdM), à l'échelle des grands bassins hydrographiques.

Schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SDAGE)
Le schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SDAGE) est un document de planification dans le domaine de l'eau. Il définit, pour une période donnée de six ans, les grandes orientations pour une gestion équilibrée de la ressource en eau ainsi que les objectifs de qualité et de quantité des eaux à atteindre dans le bassin hydrographique dont dépend le département. Il est établi en application des articles L.212-1 et suivants du code de l'environnement. Le département de la Charente est concerné par les SDAGE Adour-Garonne et Loire-Bretagne.

Schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SAGE)

Le schéma d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SAGE) est le deuxième niveau de planification, au périmètre plus restreint que le schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux (SDAGE). Il est fondé sur une unité de territoire où s'imposent une solidarité physique et humaine (bassins versants, nappes souterraines, estuaires, …). Il fixe les objectifs généraux, les règles, les actions et moyens à mettre en oeuvre pour gérer la ressource en eau et concilier tous ses usages. Le SAGE est élaboré par une commission locale de l'eau (C.L.E.) composée d'élus, d'usagers et de représentants de l'État. Il doit être approuvé par le Préfet après avis du comité de bassin pour devenir opposable aux décisions publiques. Les SAGE doivent être compatibles avec les orientations du SDAGE en application sur leur territoire.

Dans le département, quatre territoires sont engagés dans une démarche de SAGE, couvrant ainsi la totalité du territoire départemental : « Clain », « Vienne », « Charente » et « Isle-Dronne ».

Contrats de rivière
Le troisième niveau de planification est celui du contrat, où les actions sont mises en œuvre concrètement. Un contrat territorial est ainsi un outil de l'Agence de l'eau, mis en place pour cinq ans à l'échelle d'un bassin versant. Il a pour objectifs de réduire les pollutions diffuses et d'entretenir ou restaurer les milieux aquatiques afin d'atteindre le bon état écologique des masses d'eau défini dans le SDAGE. Un contrat de rivière (ou également de lac, de baie, de nappe) est un instrument d'intervention à l'échelle de bassin versant. Il a pour objectif la préservation, la restauration et l'entretien d'une rivière et de son écosystème. Contrairement au SAGE, les objectifs du contrat de rivière n'ont pas de portée juridique, mais constituent un engagement contractuel entre les signataires. Un comité de rivière est chargé de concourir au suivi du contrat de rivière. Lancé en 1981, le dispositif a évolué en 2004. Le contrat de rivière de la Sèvre Nantaise est un des premiers (18 octobre 1984) et avait été précédé d'une opération « rivière propre » en 1972.

Contrats territoriaux de milieux aquatiques
Plusieurs contrats territoriaux de milieux aquatiques ont été signés :

Gouvernance locale

Acteurs du territoire

Services de l'État
La police de l'eau réglemente les installations, ouvrages, travaux ou activités qui peuvent exercer des pressions sur les milieux. Elle est assurée par trois polices spécialisées : la police de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques, la police de la pêche et la police des installations classées. Les acteurs principaux sont :
 la Mission interservice de l'eau et de la nature (ex-Mission interservices de l'eau - MISE) rassemble, sous l'autorité du préfet et le pilotage de la Direction départementale des territoires (DDT), de nombreux services de l'État tels que la Direction régionale de l'environnement, de l'aménagement et du logement (DREAL), la Direction régionale de l'alimentation, de l'agriculture et de la forêt (DRAAF) de la région Nouvelle-Aquitaine, la Direction départementale de la protection des populations (DDPP), l'Office national de la chasse et de la faune sauvage (ONCFS), la gendarmerie ainsi que des établissements publics de l'État : Agence régionale de santé (ARS), les agences de l'eau ;
 l'Office national de l'eau et des milieux aquatiques (Onema) dont l'action se coordonne avec l'ensemble des services des polices de l'eau dans le cadre de conventions avec les préfets ;
 la direction départementale des territoires (DDT) de la Charente est le service unique de police de l'eau du département de la Charente ;
 la gendarmerie et les maires sont compétents pour constater les infractions et les pollutions.

Autres organismes
 la Fédération départementale pour la pêche et la protection du Milieu Aquatique Charente (FDPPMA 79) est une association qui coordonne et soutient les actions de 36 associations Agréées pour la Pêche et la Protection du Milieu Aquatique (AAPPMA) responsables de la détention et la gestion des droits de pêche dans le département. Elle promeut et défend la pêche de loisirs en eau douce et participe à la protection et la gestion durable des milieux aquatiques ;
 la Chambre d'agriculture de la Charente met en place avec les agriculteurs des programmes pour la préservation des milieux aquatiques.

Gestion intercommunale des cours d'eau
Force est de constater que la rivière n'est plus utilisée pour les besoins des riverains, que les travaux d'entretien sont coûteux et que le mode d'occupation des sols ainsi que les pratiques culturales ont été profondément modifiés. Les collectivités territoriales sont dès lors autorisées, mais ce n'est pas une obligation, à se substituer aux riverains pour assurer l'entretien et l'aménagement des cours d'eau non domaniaux lorsque ces travaux présentent un caractère d'intérêt général ou d'urgence (Article L.211-7 Code de l'Environnement). La constitution de syndicats intercommunaux pour l'entretien des rivières garantit la cohérence des interventions, permet de mutualiser les moyens des communes et de bénéficier de subventions publiques. Les communes ont donc été amenées petit à petit à se substituer aux riverains. Elles se sont regroupées en syndicats de rivières et ont pris en charge les travaux sur les cours d'eau non domaniaux.

Syndicats de rivières
Les collectivités territoriales peuvent se regrouper et former un syndicat de rivière à vocation unique ou multiple) qui sera compétent géographiquement sur une vallée ou une partie importante de celle-ci, dont l'objet est de mener toutes actions concernant la gestion d'un cours d'eau et de ses affluents (assainissement, restauration des milieux, travaux d'entretien, animation de la politique locale sur ce thème …).

23 syndicats sont compétents dans la gestion et l'aménagement de rivières ou dans un domaine connexe susceptible d'améliorer la qualité des cours d'eau en 2017 dans le département :
 SMAH du Val de Péruse
 SIAH de l'Aume Couture
 SIAH du Bief
 Syndicat Mixte d'Aménagement Hydraulique et Piscicole (SMAHP) de la Charente non domaniale
 SIEAH du Son-Sonnette
 Syndicat Intercommunal d'Aménagement Hydraulique (SIAH) de la Charente Amont
 Syndicat Intercommunal (SI) du Goire, de l'Issoire et de la Vienne en Charente Limousine
 SIAH de la Bonnieure
 Syndicat Intercommunal à Vocations Multiples (SIVOM) Vienne - Gorre (87)
 SIAH de la Guirlande
 SIAH de la Nouère
 SIAHP de la Tardoire
 Syndicat Intercommunal d'Aménagement Hydraulique et Piscicole (SIAHP) de la Touvre
 SIAH du Bandiat
 SIAH des Eaux Claires
 SIAH de l'Echelle
 SIAH de la Charraud
 SIAH du Claix
 SIAH de la Boëme
 SIAH de la Lizonne
 SIAH du Trèfle
 SIAH du Né
 SIAH du Sud Charente Bassins Tude - Dronne

Ces  intercommunaux d'aménagement hydraulique sont regroupés au sein du syndicat Charente-Eaux qui assure une mission d'appui technique et d'animation territoriale auprès des différents membres.

Intercommunalités et GEMAPI

Depuis le  et en application de la loi de modernisation de l'action publique territoriale et d'affirmation des métropoles (Maptam) promulguée le 27 janvier 2014, une nouvelle compétence exclusive et obligatoire de « gestion des milieux aquatiques et de prévention des inondations » (GEMAPI) (essentiellement articles 56 à 59) est dévolue aux communes ou, en lieu et place des communes, par les établissements publics de coopération intercommunale à fiscalité propre (EPCI-FP). Les communes ou EPCI-FP pourront adhérer à des syndicats mixtes et leur transférer tout ou partie de la compétence. Les missions relatives à la GEMAPI sont définies dans l'article L. 211-7 du Code de l'environnement, il s'agit de :
 l'aménagement d'un bassin ou d'une fraction de bassin hydrographique ;
 l'entretien et l'aménagement d'un cours d'eau, canal, lac ou plan d'eau, y compris leurs accès ;
 la défense contre les inondations et contre la mer ;
 la protection et la restauration des sites, des écosystèmes aquatiques et des zones humides ainsi que des formations boisées riveraines.

Entretien et aménagement

Entretien des cours d'eau

Réglementation
D'un point de vue réglementaire, la loi sur l'eau et les milieux aquatiques du 30 décembre 2006 (LEMA) a modifié la définition de l'entretien d'un cours d'eau fixée à l'article L.215-14 du code de l'environnement. Selon cet article, l'entretien régulier a pour objet « de maintenir ce cours d'eau dans son profil d'équilibre, de permettre l'écoulement naturel des eaux et de contribuer à son bon état écologique ou, le cas échéant, à son bon potentiel écologique, notamment par enlèvement des embâcles, débris et atterrissements, flottants ou non, par élagage ou recépage de la végétation des rives ». Les travaux susceptibles d'être engagés pour procéder à l'entretien sont strictement encadrés (articles L. 215-14 et R.215-2 du code de l'environnement) et doivent correspondre notamment à l'enlèvement des embâcles, débris et atterrissements, flottants ou non, l'élagage ou le recépage de la végétation des rives. Selon leur nature, les travaux d'entretien sont soumis à autorisation ou déclaration.

Plantes invasives

Aménagement des cours d'eau
L'aménagement des cours d'eau comprend, entre autres :
 la réalisation d'infrastructures et de bâtiments (travaux routiers, zone d'aménagement concertée..)
 la protection de berges
 la restauration hydro-morphologique des cours d'eau, c'est-à-dire de ses profils en long et en travers et de son tracé planimétrique : capture, méandres, etc.
 la restauration de la continuité écologique, c'est-à-dire la possibilité de circulation des espèces animales et le bon déroulement du transport des sédiments.

Selon leur nature, les travaux d'aménagement sont soumis à autorisation ou déclaration.

Qualité des cours d'eau en Charente

État des lieux et objectifs du SDAGE

Pêche et peuplements piscicoles

Droit de pêche et associations de pêche
Le propriétaire riverain a le droit de pêche jusqu'à la limite de sa propriété (milieu de cours d'eau) sous réserve de disposer d'une carte de pêche (L. 435-4 et R435-34 à 39 du code de l'Environnement). S'il le souhaite, le propriétaire peut signer un bail de pêche avec une association (exemple l'AAPPMA) ou la fédération de pêche départementale. En donnant le droit de pêche, qui ne le dessaisit pas lui-même de ce droit, il doit laisser un accès aux pêcheurs membres de cette association. En 2018, il y a  agréées de Pêche et de Protection du Milieu Aquatique (AAPPMA). Tout pêcheur non propriétaire riverain doit avoir acquis une carte de pêche pour la saison d'exercice. Celle-ci constitue avant tout un droit d'accès et d'exercice sur les territoires autorisés.

Classement et peuplements piscicoles
La catégorie piscicole est un classement juridique des cours d'eau en fonction des groupes de poissons dominants. Un arrêté réglementaire préfectoral permanent reprend l'ensemble des dispositions applicables en matière de pêche dans le département de la Charente en les différenciant selon les catégories piscicoles. Ces dispositions sont reprises sur le site de la fédération de pêche de la Charente.

Cours d'eau de première catégorie
Un cours d'eau est déclaré de première catégorie lorsque le peuplement piscicole dominant est constitué de salmonidés (truite, omble chevalier, ombre commun, huchon). Si elles sont naturellement présentes (et non issues de réempoissonnements successifs), ces espèces sont réputées être de bons bioindicateurs. Elles sont en général accompagnées par d'autres petits poissons (vairon, chabot, etc). Ce type de cours d'eau est souvent qualifié de « rivière à truites ». En Charente, les cours d'eau classés en première catégorie sont les suivants.

 l'Ysonne, le Lien, l'Argentor, la Sonnette-de-Baulieu, la Bonnieure, la Tardoire, le Bief, l'Aume, l'Argence, la Touvre, la Charrau, la Boême, la Nouère, le Soloire, l'Antenne, le Ri-de-Gensac, la Charente pour la partie formant limite avec le département de la Vienne, située en amont du Pont-de-l'Isle (commune de Taizé-Aizie), le ruisseau d'Auge, les Eaux-Claires, la Velude ;
 la Grêne ; la Soulaine ; le Goire ; l'Issoire ; le ruisseau de Mons ;
 le Voultron ;
 le Petit Trèfle, affluent du Trèfle ;
 les affluents et sous-affluents des cours d'eau ou portions de cours d'eau situés dans le département et désignés ci-dessus, à l'exception du Bandiat (affluent de la Tardoire).

Cours d'eau de deuxième catégorie
Pour un cours d'eau de deuxième catégorie, l'espèce biologique dominante est constituée essentiellement de poissons blancs (cyprinidés) (donc rivière cyprinicole) et de carnassiers (brochet, sandre et perche). Depuis les années 1990 ce type de rivières est également peuplé de silures. En Charente, les cours d'eau classés en deuxième catégorie sont tous les cours d'eau qui ne sont pas classés en première catégorie.

Continuité écologique

Notion de continuité écologique
La continuité d'un cours d'eau est une notion introduite en 2000 par la Directive cadre européenne sur l'eau. En droit français, l'article R214-109 du code de l'environnement définit la notion d'obstacle à la continuité écologique. A contrario, la continuité écologique est obtenue en supprimant ou limitant ces obstacles et doit permettre d'assurer :
 la libre circulation des organismes aquatiques et leur accès aux zones indispensables à leur reproduction, leur croissance, leur alimentation ou leur abri ;
 le transport naturel des sédiments de l'amont à l'aval des cours d'eau.
 les connexions latérales avec les réservoirs biologiques et en assurer leur bonne hydrologie

Le défaut de continuité écologique peut être la conséquence de la présence d'ouvrages en travers des cours d'eau, mais aussi d'ouvrages coupant les connexions latérales. En plus de constituer une entrave à la circulation des poissons, la fragmentation des cours d'eau affecte les capacités d'adaptation des espèces aux changements climatiques, induit des perturbations du fonctionnement des écosystèmes aquatiques et réduit l'efficacité des services rendus par les écosystèmes.

Classement des cours d'eau

Depuis plus d'un siècle, des rivières sont classées pour bénéficier de mesures de protection particulières. Ces classements de cours d'eau, outils réglementaires, ont été établis afin de limiter l'impact des ouvrages construits en travers des cours d'eau sur la circulation piscicole. Avant 2006, deux catégories distinguaient certains cours d'eau en fonction de leur état et de la volonté de préserver et restaurer la continuité écologique : les rivières classées et les rivières réservées.

À partir de 2006, les critères de classement des cours d'eau ont été adaptés aux exigences de la directive cadre sur l'eau avec la loi sur l'eau et les milieux aquatiques (LEMA) du  et le décret n° 2007-1760 du 14 décembre 2007. Pour atteindre l'objectif de bon état des eaux, les dispositifs antérieurs sont réformés pour intégrer l'ensemble des composantes de la continuité écologique. Deux listes de classement sont définies pour chacun des bassins hydrographiques (Article L. 214-17 du Code de l'Environnement). Les éléments de cadrage nécessaires pour l'établissement de ces nouveaux classements, qui seront arrêtés par les préfets coordonnateurs de bassin sur la base des propositions des préfets de département sont définis dans la circulaire du 6 février 2008. Le délai ultime pour procéder à la première refonte des classements était le . Pour les cours d'eau du bassin Loire-Bretagne, les nouveaux arrêtés de classement ont été publiés le  et pour le bassin Adour-Garonne le .

En synthèse, ces listes s'inscrivent dans deux logiques différentes selon l'état initial de la rivière : préserver et/ou restaurer :

Prévention des inondations

Le risque d'inondation est un des risques majeurs susceptibles d'affecter le département de la Charente. Il se caractérise par la possibilité qu'un aléa de type inondation se produise et occasionne des dommages plus ou moins importants aux personnes, aux biens ou à l'environnement sur le territoire départemental.
La Charente et la Dronne provoquent des inondations de plaines prévisibles et de longue durée. La Vienne a un caractère semi-torrentiel. Ses crues sont prévisibles et de courte durée.

Communes inondables
 sont reconnues comme vulnérables au risque d'inondation et ont fait l'objet d'un atlas des zones inondables.

Territoire à risques importants d'inondation Saintes-Cognac-Angoulême
La Directive inondation du  vise à créer un cadre commun permettant d'évaluer et de réduire les risques d'inondation sur le territoire de l'Union européenne et donc réduire les disparités de prise en compte et de traitement du phénomène inondation selon les États membres et favoriser la coopération transfrontalière. Elle comprend trois étapes : évaluation préliminaire, cartographie, plan de gestion. L'évaluation préliminaire des risques d'inondation (EPRI) réalisée en 2011 sur le district Adour-Garonne, a permis de déterminer les enveloppes approchées des inondations potentielles (EAIP) « cours d'eau et ruissellements » et « submersions marines » et de sélectionner en 2012 un Territoire à risques importants d'inondation dénommé Saintes-Cognac-Angoulême.

Ce territoire couvre 42 communes, dont 31 dans le département de la Charente : Gond-Pontouvre, Saint-Yrieix-sur-Charente, Angoulême, Fleac, Saint Michel, La Couronne, Nersac, Linars, Trois-Palis, Sireuil, Roullet-Saint-Estèphe, Mosnac, Châteauneuf-sur-Charente, Angeac-Charente, Vibrac, Saint-Simon, Graves-Saint-Amant, Bassac, Triac-Lautrait, Saint-Même-les-Carrières, Gondeville, Jarnac, Mainxe, Bourg-Charente, Saint-Brice, Boutiers-Saint-Trojan, Châteaubernard, Cognac, Merpins, Javrezac, Saint-Laurent-de-Cognac.

La Stratégie Locale de Gestion des Risques d'inondation (SLGRI) du territoire Saintes-Cognac-Angoulême a été adoptée par le comité de pilotage de l'EPTB Charente le . Cette stratégie s'articule autour de 5 objectifs majeurs :
 Aider les maîtrises d'ouvrage à se structurer et à mettre en œuvre les programmes d'actions en déclinaison des objectifs de la SLGRI
 Améliorer la connaissance et la culture du risque inondation en mobilisant tous les acteurs concernés
 Améliorer la préparation et la gestion de crise et raccourcir le délai de retour à la normale des territoires sinistrés
 Aménager durablement le territoire par une meilleure prise en compte du risque inondation dans le but de réduire sa vulnérabilité
 Gérer les capacités d'écoulement, restaurer les zones d'expansion des crues et mettre en œuvre les principes du ralentissement dynamique pour ralentir les écoulements
Elle est ensuite déclinée en objectifs opérationnels.

Plans de prévention des risques
Les plans de prévention des risques naturels prévisibles (PPR) délimitent les zones exposées aux risques et définissent des règles d'urbanisme, de construction et de gestion applicables au bâti existant ou futur. L'objectif est de réduire la vulnérabilité des territoires, des biens et des personnes.

 sont couvertes par un plan de prévention au risque d'inondation dans le dossier départemental des risques majeurs de la Charente.

Plaisance, tourisme et activités sportives

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste des cours d'eau de la Charente

Bibliographie
 Entretien des cours d'eau et des fossés - ONEMA - mai 2015

 SDAGE Loire-Bretagne 2016-2021

Observatoires

 Site de l'observatoire de la continuité écologique|
 Atlas cartographique des zones humides - Réseau Partenarial des Données sur les Zones Humides.
 , avec en particulier la
 Cartographie des arrêtés sècheresse
 Observatoire national des étiages
 Observatoire régional de l'environnement en Poitou-Charente (ORE)
 le fleuve Charente et ses affluents

Charente

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text:
Bahamas Red Cross partners with Nature Conservancy for climate-resilient communities
LocalApril 27, 2021April 26, 2021 at 3:34 am Eyewitness News
The Bahamas Red Cross Society (BRCS) and the Nature Conservatory (TNC) teams take a photo with the BRCS president and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) Hurricane Dorian operations manager in celebration of Earth Day on April 22, 2021. (PHOTO: BRCS)
NASSAU, BAHAMAS — On Earth Day, celebrated on April 22, 2021, the Bahamas Red Cross Society (BRCS) and the Nature Conservancy (TNC) launched its official partnership towards increasing climate resilience in communities across the archipelago.
The launch featured the signing of a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to solidify the beginning of the Resilient Islands project in The Bahamas, a collaborative effort between the two organizations, along with other national and community-based stakeholders. Through this initiative, local communities will increase their resilience to climate change impacts through raised awareness, protecting nature, advocating for strengthened national policy, engaging youth and establishing strategic partnerships.
Shanique Albury-Smith, program director for the Northern Caribbean Region at TNC, stated: "Island communities must work together to better prepare for natural disasters and to find ways to minimize their impact."
The project is in alignment with the BRCS' new 10-year strategy, which aims to expand its traditional humanitarian programs to include reducing impacts and accelerating recovery from climate-related disasters such as hurricanes on families, livelihoods and community infrastructure.
BRCS President Terez Curry, in her remarks, stated: "This partnership will seek to build capacity of staff and volunteers to conduct assessments and utilize tools to recognize needs in communities. After assessments, community profiles will be built and areas of intervention will be identified and implemented."
As BRCS continues to assist residents on Grand Bahama and Abaco in their post-Hurricane Dorian recovery, the Resilient Islands project will work with communities in the medium-to-long term on designing community-based approaches to disaster risk reduction and resilience, which integrate the protection and restoration of natural ecosystems.
The Resilient Islands project is already underway in three Caribbean countries through an existing partnership between the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and TNC, funded by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety. The Bahamas program represents a scaling up of efforts and lessons learned through this regional collaboration and will be funded independently.
For more information or to volunteer to be part of the Bahamas Red Cross' climate initiatives, visit its website at https://bahamasredcross.org or its social media platforms.
Always a headline ahead, Bahamas news, Bahamas Red Cross, Bahamas Red Cross Society, BRCS, Earth Day 2021, ewnews, ewnews.com, Eyewitness News, Eyewitness News Online, www.ewnews.com
About Eyewitness News
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Schnepf Farms - we took some of our gang here this past Sunday evening, enjoying the "Harvesty" scenary, the grandkids and in general more time together creating precious memories. I didn't get as many pictures as I would have liked to, but here you go and I think you will enjoy them just the same. Click on the photo and a larger box will appear and then you can flip through the pictures book style. I love finding new ways to showcase the photos and this one is pretty cool - A PICTURE BOOK!


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Vanessa Walker is a creative producer and strategic planner with a background in architecture and policy and extensive professional experience in the urban development and creative industries.
Throughout her career in the public and private sectors, Vanessa has been involved in planning, developing and managing new urban destinations and supporting their vitality through cultural projects, programs and partnerships. Since her long-standing involvement in Melbourne's Federation Square and later in Docklands, Vanessa has contributed to the planning of major urban renewal projects in capital cities and regions around Australia.
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text:
Vol. XLI No. 37 September 10, 2017
Comrade Subodh Mehta
CONDOLING the passing away of Comrade Subodh Mehta, in a condolence message sent to the CPI(M) Gujarat state committee on September 1, Sitaram Yechury, general secretary, has said that Comrade Subodh Mehta has been a lifelong fighter for the cause of the exploited sections of our people and dedicated his energy for advancing the struggle for the establishing an exploitation free socialist society in India.
In his death, the Party has lost a steadfast fighter who remained uncompromisingly with the communist revolutionary cause and adherence.
Yechury said that he has been closely associated with the Mehta family – Niruben, Arun and Eva – and the movement in Bhavnagar and was in close contact with Com Subodh Mehta since the middle of 1980s when the Party Centre deputed him to assist the Party in Gujarat.
Comrade Subodh Mehta, former member of the Central Committee died on September 1, 2017 at Bhavnagar, Gujarat, after a brief illness. Born on November 21, 1928, he began his political journey plunging into the student movement against fee hike in Rajkot district of Gujarat. Later on, he worked amongst the railway workers in Bhavnagar. He joined the then undivided Communist Party in 1952.
Subodh Mehta joined the CPI(M) in the post-Emergency period in 1980. He was elected as the state secretary of the Party in 1992 and continued in that responsibility till 2005. He discharged various responsibilities on the trade union front. He was on the working committee of the CITU for long. He was state president of the CITU at the time of his death.
During the course of his long political life Comrade Subodh Mehta was imprisoned for a total two years, including six months during the India-China conflict, and had remained underground during the Emergency. His eyes were donated. His body was also donated through the Red Cross to the local medical college. Muralidharan, Central Committee invitee paid homage to Comrade Subodh Mehta on behalf of the Party Centre on September 2, at the Party office in Bhavnagar. A large number of people from various walks of life turned up to pay homage to him. Sitaram Yechury would be participating in the condolence meeting being held at Ahmedabad on September 8.


Assists in producing a full, centered tone. While technologically superior, it's sound is similar to the sound produced by the age-old string ligature. Enjoyed especially by classical performers for its warm sound.
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An ideal ligature for ensemble & chamber music. Free blowing & Rounded Sound.
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Warren Barguil (Argos-Shimano) claimed his second stage victory in an exciting finale to the 16th stage of the Vuelta a España. The 21-year-old attacked out of the day's break on the lower slopes of the final climb. He slowly established his advantage until Rigoberto Uran (Sky) bridged across to him. It looked as if Uran had squashed Barguil's chances until Barguil glued himself to Uran's wheel and outkicked him in the sprint.
Both Barguil and Uran emerged from the breakaway that solidified in the final hour of racing. Meier matched the tempo of his breakmates until the final 10km of racing. Although Meier fell off the pace of the stage winners, he had enough in the tank to hold off the chasers that jumped from the peloton. He ultimately finished in 15th place on the stage, 1'29 behind Barguil.
The race for the overall proved as exciting as the race for the stage win. Vincenzo Nibali (Astana) found himself without teammates and under attack by his main rivals in the closing kilometres of the stage. He limited his losses to 22" and now leads the Vuelta by 28" over Chris Horner (RadioShack-Leopard-Trek) and 1'14 over Alejandro Valverde (Movistar).
The Vuelta a España peloton rests on Tuesday ahead of the final week of racing.


When it comes to establishing and maintaining a healthy diet, it would be ideal if everyone could follow the same diet. After all, everything from maintaining a healthy weight to preventing disease and more are affected by the foods that you eat. Unfortunately, there is not a catch-all meal plan that works well for every person. Many foods that are identified as being healthy for some people can actually cause unpleasant symptoms in other people. Some foods even have fatal consequences if they are consumed by the wrong individual. These are a few of the more common types of foods that many people should consume regularly and that are unhealthy for others to consume.
Organic, pasture-raised and hormone-free milk is loaded with excellent nutrients that your body needs for optimal health. This includes various vitamins and calcium. A low-fat type of milk also gives your body a healthy source of fats that are essential for brain and nervous system health. However, many people are lactose intolerant, and some have a severe milk allergy. An alternative is to switch from cow's milk to almond, soy or coconut milk.
Peanuts and other types of nuts also are a source of healthy fats, and they are a wonderful source of protein. Protein helps you to feel full for longer periods of time, to stabilize blood sugar levels and more. However, nut allergies are common. Many people have such severe allergies to nuts that they must avoid any foods that may have even the slightest elements of nut particles in them. The use of an emergency epinephrine injection is often necessary if these individuals accidentally ingest nuts.
Fiber, such as in kale and wheat products, is known to help individuals feel full, and this can promote an ideal weight. It also can assist with digestion and easier excrement of waste. However, fiber is not always easily digested. Some people experience extreme pain and other side effects when they consume even a small amount of fiber. Avoiding wheat and other fiber-rich foods is one option. Another option is to use an enzyme supplement that promotes healthy digestion.
As you can see, it is important for each individual to identify healthy foods that his or her body can consume and to create a great diet based on those foods. Spend time researching healthy foods that you should ideally consume regularly, and compose a meal plan based on the foods that your body can tolerate. Remember that you can use supplements and other products to obtain health benefits from some foods without having to deal with the unpleasant side effects.


In the past decade, many companies have moved towards the agile method of development rather than the traditional waterfall methodology. Even companies that do not strictly adhere to agile development will usually use a blend of both agile and waterfall techniques. Agile development has many characteristics that make it more suited to modern technology than the waterfall method. Today, agile development is very closely related to DevOps and the cloud.
Agile development allows companies an adaptability and flexibility that is simply not possible through traditional waterfall methodology. In a world that moves as fast as the modern tech industry, the ability to turn on a dime during the development process is invaluable to any company. The waterfall method requires a linear project schedule that advances from one stage to another while the agile method is modular and fluid. It is this same fluidity that ties agile development into enterprise DevOps and the public cloud.
DevOps, sometimes referred to as "development operations," is a method of developing software that operates upon a base of agile development standards. DevOps, like agile, is designed to allow departments to operate on an interconnected but separate basis. Focusing primarily on the relationship between the IT department and the developers, DevOps seeks to organize development in a clean and predictable way. Under DevOps, progress can be made on all fronts simultaneously. Communication is absolutely essential throughout the DevOps process.
While agile development is rapidly becoming an industry standard, not all IT operatives and software developers subscribe to agile. There are still some departments that still use the waterfall method and may not be inclined to change. DevOps allows all departments, regardless of methodology, to communicate with each other and collaborate. In a certain sense, it acts as a universal translation device between methodologies.
While DevOps is not inextricably linked to the cloud platform, it is considered by many to be a cloud methodology. This is less because DevOps is required to be on the cloud and more because DevOps is so suitable to a cloud architecture. Both cloud architecture and DevOps are emerging from the same central need: the need to create increasingly adaptable and agile solutions. As children of the same basic principles, DevOps and the cloud both work incredibly well together. The business environment demands the agility that both DevOps and a public cloud infrastructure provide.
The continued popularity of agile development, DevOps and the cloud are all symptomatic of the changes being made to the IT and business sectors. The IT world has embraced the cloud as an adaptable, scalable and elastic architecture because the business world demands this type of architecture. Likewise, agile development and DevOps have become incredibly popular as the IT world and business world have needed to find new development techniques for this architecture. Developers and organizations will need to embrace these changes to the IT world if they are to remain competitive. Adaptability and agility are the new strengths of the new IT landscape.
Amy Bishop works in marketing and digital strategy for a technology startup. Her previous experience has included five years in enterprise and agency environments. She specializes in helping businesses learn about ways rapidly changing enterprise solutions, business strategies and technologies can refine organizational communication, improve customer experience and maximize co-created value with converged marketing strategies.
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