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V. What is a "Forced Eviction"?
They burned down houses using petrol. It was [public order officials] and police and military. At around 10 a.m., they arrived over there. They were burning homes. They arrived at this location around 11 a.m.…They were using water bottles with petrol inside them. They were splashing them. They came from behind and in front. We wanted to move our things, but they said we could not get our things because they were worried people would get hurt from the burning. After they poured the petrol they straight away set it alight so we couldn't go get our things. We only had enough time to get what was important. Everything else was left behind.
—Arij Wiyano, a forty-three-year-old laborer100
Forced evictions violate fundamental human rights contrary to international law. In its "Resolution on Forced Evictions," the U.N. Commission on Human Rights affirmed that forced evictions constitute a "gross violation of human rights."101 The term "forced eviction" is defined for the purposes of international law as "the permanent or temporary removal against their will of individuals, families and/or communities from the homes and/or land which they occupy, without the provision of, and access to, appropriate forms of legal or other protection."102
It is important to note that international standards focus on protecting individuals who occupy homes and land and do not depend on any particular form of ownership title to the land or house, nor on the legality of the occupancy. Although all evictions could be considered inherently involuntary or forced in some manner, the term "forced evictions" is a discrete term under international law that refers to evictions that are arbitrary or that fail to comply with international human rights standards or domestic laws.103 Therefore, evictions which occur without physical force or violence may nevertheless constitute "forced evictions" if the taking of the land is unjustifiable, or the procedure fails to include adequate consultation, compensation, and notification. Indeed, Human Rights Watch learned of residents of a community in East Jakarta who saw the violence and destruction involved in the forced eviction of a nearby community and, having been warned that their community would be next, decided to demolish their own homes in the hopes of better preserving their building material for rebuilding—a circumstance that would also qualify as a forced eviction.104 Conversely, the prohibition on forced evictions does not apply to evictions carried out against the will of the occupant yet conducted in accordance with the law, including international human rights treaties and customary law, with appropriate legal remedies available to those affected.
Legal Standards
Indonesia's Constitution guarantees that "[e]very person shall have the right to live in physical and spiritual prosperity, to have a home and to enjoy a good and healthy environment."105 Indonesia's Law on Housing and Settlement further states that "[e]very citizen has the right to occupy and/or enjoy and/or own a decent house in a healthy, safe, harmonious and orderly environment."106
As stated above, forced evictions have been recognized in international law as a gross violation of human rights irrespective of treaty obligations. However, Indonesia has also recently ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), which provides similar guarantees to those already existing under Indonesian law.107 The ICESCR requires states to "recognize the right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family, including adequate food, clothing and housing, and to the continuous improvement of living conditions."108 The United Nations body entrusted with authoritatively interpreting the ICESCR, the Committee on Economic Social, and Cultural Rights (CESCR), has stated its view that "a State party in which any significant number of individuals is deprived of essential foodstuffs, of essential primary health care, of basic shelter and housing, or of the most basic forms of education is, prima facie, failing to discharge its obligations under the Covenant."109 The CESCR has also concluded that "forced evictions are prima facie incompatible with the requirements of the Covenant."110
Indonesia has also recently ratified the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which protects individuals from "arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence," and guarantees everyone the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attack.111
A state party to the ICESCR is obliged to take steps "to the maximum of its available resources, with a view to achieving progressively the full realization" of the right to adequate housing. While the law contains this "available resources" caveat, it is largely irrelevant to the issue of forced evictions identified here, because fulfillment of the state's obligation to refrain from arbitrary forced evictions is largely a negative one and does not depend on resources. Nor does scarcity of resources excuse a country from ensuring that its laws are enforced against officials or third parties who carry out forced evictions.112 In fact, forced evictions are a step backwards from a state's obligations, because, by definition, they involve the state's arbitrary destruction of resources that individuals and families have invested in building their homes.113
As the findings within this report demonstrate, forced evictions not only violate the right to adequate housing, but may also result in violations of other protected rights protected by both Indonesian and international law. For example, evictions infringe upon the rights to freedom of movement and the freedom to choose one's place of residence.114 Violence and reckless destruction threaten the right to security of the person.115 The harassment and arrest of NGO activists who oppose forced evictions can violate the freedom of expression, assembly, and association.116 The disruption caused to children's schooling can constitute a violation of the right to education.
Because forced evictions may infringe on such a large number of rights, appropriate procedural protections and due process are, in the views of the CESCR "especially pertinent."117 Procedural protections that should be applied include: genuine consultation with those affected; adequate and reasonable notice of the date of eviction; timely information on the proposed evictions and the alternative purpose for which the land is to be used; proper identification of those carrying out the eviction; and the availability of legal remedies for those affected and access to legal aid.118
According to international human rights standards, it is the obligation of a country's government to ensure that in instances of forced evictions "all the individuals concerned have a right to adequate compensation for any property, both personal and real,119 which is affected."120 Compensation must be made following "mutually satisfactory negotiations with the affected persons,"121 and women and men must be co-beneficiaries of all compensation packages.122
International law does allow for governments, under "the most exceptional circumstances,"123 to expropriate the land of private citizens even without the owner's consent. Such circumstances might include: efforts by a government to use the land to promote the general public's well-being; the case of persistent non-payment of rent without reasonable cause; racist or other discriminatory attacks or treatment by one tenant or resident against a neighbor; persistent antisocial behavior that threatens public health or safety; manifestly criminal behavior that threatens others; the illegal occupation of property inhabited at the time of the occupation; or the occupation of land or homes of occupied populations by nationals of an occupying power.124 A distinction therefore exists between residents who are peacefully living in a particular place and those who have actively reneged on their legal or contractual duties towards fellow residents or citizens. Instances where the government makes claims justifying an eviction must be examined on a case-by-case basis, however, to determine the veracity of the claim and to examine whether the eviction complies with broader human rights law.
Notice and Compensation Requirements in Indonesia
The Central Government has issued a regulation on "Community Participation in Spatial Development"125 elaborating that communities should play a pro-active role in the spatial planning process. However, the regulation does not clearly define how the community could participate, and what the role of the government would be in each phase. The City Bylaw on the Jakarta Spatial Plan states that all people have the right to know about the plans of a certain area, whether it is the spatial, technical or building plan.126
Both the Jakarta administration and human rights NGOs accept that as a general principle of good governance, notification of an eviction should be provided in three separate letters, the final one arriving no later than seven days prior to the intended date of eviction.127
When the Jakarta government does attempt to provide compensation, it has a policy of providing compensation either through money or substitute land.128 When an eviction is carried out for the purpose of a public interest project, Indonesian law provides for compensation for the loss of land to be provided at either the market value or a value known as "NJOP" (Nilai Jual Obyek Pajak; Sale Value of Tax Object).129 As will be discussed in greater detail in the chapter on compensation, these two values are not equal as NJOP values are almost uniformly lower than the market value. When an eviction is carried out because the occupier of the land did not have permission to build on the land, is considered a squatter on the land, or is violating public order regulations, then there is no entitlement to any compensation under Indonesian law. Such individuals could, however, file a civil case against the local administration for arbitrary material losses suffered during an eviction. Sometimes, these individuals do receive some money from the private developers or local government officials, but it presented as a gesture of charity rather than compensation.
Justifications for Evictions Offered by the Jakarta government
The local government of Jakarta generally justifies evictions under three broad headings: the housing or occupancy is "illegal," the housing disrupts public order, or the land is required for the creation of a development project that will benefit the broader public interest.
"Illegal" Housing
These evictions are only to give the people a lesson to respect the law, as legal certainty is one of the major concerns of investors in the capital.
—Governor Sutiyoso130
The government of Jakarta is quick to justify its eviction and destruction of communities of urban poor on the grounds that such settlements are "illegal" or "built without permission." The status of community settlements in Jakarta, however, is rarely as clear cut as such labeling or the government suggests.131 The vast majority of homes in Jakarta, especially those of poor and lower middle-income residents may have questionable legal status, such as failing to comply with building codes, being built without permits, or existing in unplanned and unregulated settlements.132 Most Indonesians hold only customary rights to their land without any official registered title or certificate.133 Yet, as illustrated in the previous chapter, many homes and settlements have also acquired legitimacy through practice and usage, generally with government complicity (see "Acquiring Tenure" on page 23).
Many people who occupy land in Jakarta do not enjoy the right of housing because such options simply do not exist or are unaffordable.134 By labeling all such individuals or communities illegal, the government is placing responsibility for poor housing conditions on those individuals, ignoring the reality that informal slum and squatter settlements are in fact the product of failed government policies, poor governance, corruption, inappropriate and outdated regulation, dysfunctional land markets, and a lack of political will to find adequate solutions. It also ignores the historical reality of selective enforcement of housing policy and law at the expense of the poor. The administration turns a blind eye to the illegal conversion of houses into business premises by the rich. Shopping malls, gas stations, and luxury apartments are often permitted to be located near riverbanks, violating existing regulations, and to encroach into protected green areas.135 Under housing development regulations in Jakarta, large-scale developers are obliged to build three units of middle class housing and six units of low-income housing for every one unit of exclusive housing, yet this regulation is routinely ignored and penalties for non-compliance are lenient and rarely enforced.136
As Miloon Kothari, the United Nations Special Rapporteur for Adequate Housing, has noted, "While public policy provisions and legislation are important to promote the right to adequate housing, laws can also be applied in ways that result in the right to adequate housing being violated."137 The selective application of public order legislation and building codes for the purpose of carrying out evictions, though ostensibly based on law, can nonetheless run counter to international human rights obligations by exposing vulnerable populations to significant harm, including homelessness and further violation of their rights.138 Once the government determines that specific social groups are living outside of the law the application of law can become unequal and arbitrary, as the state fails to provide protection to its citizens as a whole and instead serves only the needs of particular classes within society.139 The sentiments expressed by the Governor of Jakarta, as quoted at the beginning of this section—that evictions are being carried out purely as a punitive measure to promote "respect for the law" among the urban poor—are therefore wholly inconsistent with the norms of international human rights law.140
Public Order Regulations
Many evictions in Jakarta are carried out for the stated reason of protecting "public order," using Jakarta Regulation (Perda) No. 11/1988, which prohibits individuals from living along riverbanks, under flyover bridges, or near railway tracks. Homeless and landless individuals who build shelters in these areas in order to provide for their own survival are liable to three to six months imprisonment or monetary fines.141
International law does allow governments to restrict individual's freedom to choose their place of residence, but only when provided for by law and when necessary to protect public order.142 Any restrictions must also be consistent with other human rights obligations, and must also conform to the principle of proportionality.143 Although the reason for an eviction may be legitimate and there may be an appropriate basis in law, the way in which the eviction is implemented, whether the procedure provides for compensation for damage caused, and the ultimate impact which the eviction would have on an individual may still render an eviction unlawful. Therefore, even when there is a legal basis for an eviction, the eviction will still be unlawful under international human rights law if local authorities have failed to assess the impact of the eviction on the affected individuals and determined whether there is an alternative means of achieving the public order goal which would cause less harm to the basic rights of the evicted individuals.
In making this assessment, local authorities should take into consideration the impact that the eviction will have on the individuals, such as whether the evictees will be left destitute, and whether the local authorities are willing and able to provide adequate assistance to residents so that they can find adequate housing and livelihoods at an alternate location that does not raise similar public order concerns.144 The calculus should also take into account the degree to which failures in the government's own housing and land policies may have contributed to an individual's situation and lack of alternatives.
This report presents evidence that the effect of evictions on communities can be devastating as forced evictions frequently expose residents to further human rights violations, regularly place evictees in a poorer condition than prior to the eviction, and often do nothing more than move the problem to another area. In many instances a forced eviction, even on legal grounds, is therefore unlikely to be a proportionate action to protect broader public order interests, especially when the government does not carry out the eviction in conformity with the due process standards stipulated under international human rights standards, such as the provision of adequate compensation, consultation, and notification. In such instances, human rights law would require that local authorities not carry out evictions despite more minor public order concerns.
Land Acquisition in the Public Interest
This Presidential Regulation is more brutal than laws enacted by Soeharto. This is not to say that we agree with Soeharto, but that under [current President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono], who tries to be very popular, he enacts an even worse law on land procurement.
—A. Patra M. Zen, Vice Chairperson, Indonesian Legal Foundation145
In two of the incidents researched by Human Rights Watch for this report, the stated aim for the land being acquired through evictions was its intended use for the construction of government infrastructure projects: a railway track expansion known as the "Double-Double Track" project, and the East Flood Canal project. The Jakarta administration plans to increase investment in infrastructure projects over the next few years, and both the regional and national government appears to believe that a lack of clear procedures for acquiring land in a speedy manner is deterring international investors and companies from becoming involved in supporting such projects.
In May 2005, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono promulgated a Presidential Regulation ("Peraturan Presiden" in Indonesian, abbreviated as Perpres), on land acquisition for development projects in the public interest (Perpres 36/2005). The regulation was widely viewed as a conciliatory effort aimed at potential foreign investors in infrastructure projects. The new regulation met with broad opposition from Indonesia's leading civil society groups and Indonesian human rights organizations, a coalition of whom have asked the Supreme Court to provide judicial review of the legislation. Behind much of the opposition to the regulation appeared to be a general mistrust—based on the legacy of past abuse of land acquisition regulations—that the government would misuse any new regulation to facilitate private developers taking land from people.
In June 2006, the President issued a further regulation (Perpres 65/2006), modifying elements of his original regulation supposedly in response to the criticisms voiced. However, the second regulation appears to have been produced with little consultation with relevant civil society organizations, and contains many of the elements of Perpres 36/2005 that civil society groups opposed, including:146
The members of the "Land Acquisition Committees," which are entrusted with the responsibility of appraising the appropriate level of compensation to be given to land and building owners, are selected solely by government officials, and in the case of Jakarta, by the Governor of Jakarta. These committees are therefore not independent assessors or mediators.
Compensation in some cases can still be based on the government's valuation of the land for land tax purposes (known as "NJOP," see above), an amount almost always less than the market value or replacement cost.
If negotiations over compensation levels last more than 120 days (extended from 90 days in the original regulation), the government has the ability to nonetheless begin the construction of the project. Any compensation that has been offered by the government is then given to the local court to keep while an appeal is made to the courts. This system provides insufficient incentive for the government to negotiate in good-faith with the public, and experience suggests that officials and developers will use it to threaten residents that, if they do not accept the government's proposal, they will be evicted in 120 days with no guarantee they will ever be compensated (the money will be deposited with the court, not delivered into their hands).
100 Human Rights Watch interview with Arif Wijayanto (not his real name), interviewed under the blue tarpaulin tent he had recently erected for shelter, January 14, 2006. Arif Wijayanto has been evicted from his home in Teluk Gong, on numerous occasions between November 13, 2001 and January 4, 2006.
101 U.N. Commission on Human Rights, Resolution 1993/77, para. 1; see also U.N. Sub-Commission on the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights, Resolution 1998/9 on Forced Evictions, E/CN.4/SUB.2/RES/1998/9 (Aug. 20, 1998).
102 Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, General Comment 7, Art. 3.
103 To avoid the tautology, while still distinguishing evictions which are consistent with human rights law and those which are not, terms such as "arbitrary evictions," "illegal evictions" and "unfair evictions" are sometimes used. However, the term "unfair evictions" has been criticized for being too subjective, while the phrase "illegal evictions" assumes that the relevant domestic legal protections exist, which is frequently not the case. See Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "Fact Sheet No.25, Forced Evictions and Human Rights," May 1996, available at http://www.ohchr.org/english/about/publications/docs/fs25.htm; and Committee on Economic and Social Rights, General Comment 7 – The Right to Adequate Housing, 1997, Art. 3.
104 Human Rights Watch interview with Pramana Prihatin (not his real name), Pondok Kopi, January 12, 2006.
105 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Art. 28H(1).
106 Undang-Undang No. 4/1992, Tentang Perumahan dan Permukiman (On Housing and Settlements), Art. 5.
107 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), entered into force January 3, 1976. Indonesia ratified this treaty on February 23, 2006.
108 Article 11 (emphasis added).
109 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment 3, The nature of States parties obligations (Art. 2, par.1), December 14, 1990, para. 10 (emphasis added). See also Government of Republic of South Africa and Others v. Grootboom and Others, Constitutional Court of South Africa, CCT 11/00, October 4, 2000.
110 Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment 4, The right to adequate housing.
111 ICCPR Art. 17. The Human Rights Committee, a body established by the ICCPR, has noted that the expression "arbitrary interference" can sometimes even extend to interference provided for under the law as the treaty's use of "the concept of arbitrariness is intended to guarantee that even interference provided for by law should be in accordance with the provisions, aims and objectives of the Covenant and should be, in any event, reasonable in the particular circumstances." U.N. Human Rights Committee, "General Comment No. 16: The right to respect of privacy, family, home and correspondence, and protection of honor and reputation (Art. 17)," April 8, 1988, para. 4.
112 Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, General Comment 7 – The right to adequate housing, para. 8. The Committee points out that enforcement of the law against arbitrary evictions is also an obligation under Article 17 of the ICCPR.
113 CESCR, General Comment 3, para. 9 notes: "[A]ny deliberately retrogressive measures…would require the most careful consideration and would need to be fully justified by reference to the totality of the rights provided for in the Covenant and in the context of the full use of the maximum available resources." In The Social and Economic Rights Action Center for Economic and Social Rights v. Nigeria, Comm. No. 155/96 (2001), the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights interpreting the African [Banjul] Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, noted: "At a very minimum, the right to shelter obliges the…government not to destroy the housing of its citizens and not to obstruct efforts by individuals or communities to rebuild lost homes. The State's obligation to respect housing rights requires it, and thereby all of its organs and agents, to abstain from carrying out, sponsoring or tolerating any practice, policy or legal measure violating the integrity of the individual or infringing upon his or her freedom to use those material or other resources available to them in a way they find most appropriate to satisfy individual, family, household or community housing needs…The right to shelter even goes further than a roof over ones head. It extends to embody the individual's right to be let alone and to live in peace- whether under a roof or not." (Para. 61).
114 ICCPR, Art. 12(1).
115 The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Art. 28G(1), reads: "Every person shall have the right to protection of his/herself, family, honor, dignity, and property, and shall have the right to feel secure against and receive protection from the threat of fear to do or not do something that is a human right." International human rights standards require all officers of the law to protect the civilian population against illegal acts and to respect and protect human dignity and maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons. Law enforcement officials may only use force when strictly necessary and only to the extent required for the performance of their duty. While the police and public order officials may use force as is reasonable and in accordance with a principle of proportionality for the prevention of a crime or in carrying out the lawful arrest of suspected offenders, no force going beyond that may be used. United Nations' Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials, General Assembly Resolution 34/169, arts. 1-3, and commentaries.
116 ICCPR, Arts. 19(2), 21, and 22. The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Art. 28E(3) reads: "Every person shall have the right to the freedom to associate, to assemble and to express opinions."
117 Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, General Comment 7, para. 16.
118 The full details of these procedural rights are outlined in Committee on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, General Comments 4 and 7.
119 "Real property" is a legal term referring to land and anything growing on, attached to, or erected on land that cannot be removed without damaging the land. It can include material, tangible items, such as buildings or soil, as well as intangible ownership or use rights attached to the land.
121 United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Resolution 1993/77: "Forced Evictions," March 10, 1993.
122 Special Rapporteur on Adequate Housing, "Basic Principles and Guidelines on Development-Based Evictions and Displacement," E/CN.4/2006/41, March 14, 2006, para. 61.
124 See e.g. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "Fact Sheet No.25, Forced Evictions and Human Rights," May 1996, available at http://www.ohchr.org/english/about/publications/docs/fs25.htm.
125 Perpres no. 69/1996.
126 Perda no.6/1999, Chapter 7, Art. 79.
127 Email message from Taufik Basari, an Indonesian lawyer with LBH-Jakarta, to Human Rights Watch, July 9, 2006; email message from a lawyer with the Urban Poor Consortium, to Human Rights Watch, July 21, 2006; email message from a lawyer with FAKTA, to Human Rights Watch, July 27, 2006; email message from individual with the State Ministry of Housing, to Human Rights Watch, July 7, 2006.
128 Human Rights Watch interview with H. Amidhan, Chairperson of Sub-commission on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights, Komnas HAM (Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia; National Commission on Human Rights) January 13, 2006.
129 Perpres 65/2006, art. 15.
130 Governor Sutiyoso speech to House of Representatives' Commission II for home affairs, quoted in Evi Mariani, "House Hearing with Governor Sutiyoso Turns Farcical," Jakarta Post, December 19, 2003.
131 Michael Leaf, "Land Rights for Residential Development in Jakarta." Such a simple dichotomy is in fact unlikely throughout the developing world, see Payne, Urban Land Tenure and Property Rights in Developing Countries.
132 Tommy Firman, "New town development in Jakarta Metropolitan Region;" Server, "Corruption: A Major Problem for Urban Management."
133 World Bank, "Cities in Transition," p. 34.
134 Human Rights Watch interview with representatives of FAKTA, January 9, 2006.
135 Damar Harsanto, "Jakarta: An old city that goes nowhere," Jakarta Post, June 22, 2004; Try Harijono, "Penggusuran dan Pembakaran Menjadi Ciri Khas Jakarta" (Evictions and Arson Became Typical Jakarta Characteristics), Kompas, December 6, 2001.
136 Because the developers avoid having to build 60 percent of the total units as low-cost housing, they are then able to build more luxury and middle-income housing on the same tract of land. As these more elite types of homes tend to reap a higher profit margin than low-cost housing, the developer is therefore able to bid higher for the required location permits, thus excluding low-cost housing developers from the market.Even when developers do build with this ratio, the style of the low-cost housing may be so extravagant and thus comparatively expensive, that they are out of the range of the urban poor. Human Rights Watch interview with Nieke Masruchiyah, Human Rights Investigator, staff to commissioner on forced evictions, January 17, 2006; Ian Hamilton and Dr. Maria W. Sumardjono, "Land Acquisition and Development Controls in Indonesia," National Development Planning Agency and National Land Agency (1998), p. 4:20; Tommy Firman, "New town development in Jakarta Metropolitan Region;" Hoek-Smit, "Impementing Indonesia's New Housing Policy;" Harald Leisch, "Structures and Functions of Private New Towns in Jabotabek," in Peter J. M. Nas (ed.), The Indonesian Town Revisited (Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2002), pp. 89-100.
137 Report of the Special Rapporteur on adequate housing as a component of the right to an adequate standard of living, E/CN.4/2005/48, March 3, 2005.
139 Michael Leaf, "Land Rights for Residential Development in Jakarta."
141 Perda No. 11/1998, Art. 27.
142 ICCPR Article 12(1) reads: "Everyone lawfully within the territory of a State shall, within that territory, have the right to liberty of movement and freedom to choose his residence." ICCPR Article 12(3) reads: "The above-mentioned rights shall not be subject to any restrictions except those which are provided by law, are necessary to protect national security, public order (ordre public), public health or morals or the rights and freedoms of others, and are consistent with the other rights recognized in the present Covenant."
143 Human Rights Committee, General Comment 27: Freedom of movement (art. 12), U.N. Doc. ccPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9 (1999).
144 See e.g. Government of Republic of South Africa and Others v. Grootboom and Others, Constitutional Court of South Africa, CCT 11/00, October 4, 2000; and The Social and Economic Rights Action Center for Economic and Social Rights v. Nigeria, African Commission on Human Rights, Comm. No. 155/96 (2001).
145 Human Rights Watch interview with A. Patra M. Zen, Vice Chairperson, Yayasan Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia (YLBHI; Indonesian Legal Aid Service Foundation), January 12, 2006.
146 Human Rights Watch interview with representatives of FAKTA, January 9, 2006; Human Rights Watch interview with Bivitri Susanti, Executive Director, Pusat Studi Hukum & Kebijakan Indonesia (PSHK; Centre for Indonesian Law and Policy Studies), interviewed January 12, 2006; Human Rights Watch interview with A. Patra M. Zen, Vice Chairperson, YLBHI, January 12, 2006; Human Rights Watch interview with representatives from the Urban Poor Consortium, January 17, 2006.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Jim Harper of Cato on the national ID status of all 50 states.
Banning guns: The ultimate act of white privilege?
Hillary drops an incredibly racist "joke" that that would get anybody to the right of her pilloried.
OTOH, some prominent but twitterpated Jews think it's somehow possible to fight anti-Semitism by shunning and banning from worship fellow Jews who happen not to share their political opinions. Is there no end to the hatred oozing from people who imagine themselves to be against hate?
Roger Simon: This Jewish boy is going to buy a gun.
Hm. Well, that's an interesting viewpoint, Bear. If "gun violence" is an epidemic, then develop a vaccine.
The perils of retiring early. I suspect many of these apply to any retirement.
You soon may hack your DRM-locked software to repair or upgrade it. Whether you can hack it is a different matter.
Should a self-driving car kill Grandma or a baby? Choices, choices.
I've read, though haven't confirmed, that poor Washington state is the only one with a big anti-gun measure on the ballot this year. Oregon, OTOH, has the opportunity to create 10 gun-sanctuary counties where gun-grabbery will be thwarted.
Dicks Detestable Sporting Goods — you remember them from when they hired lobbyists to work for victim disarmament — gets sued by an ammo manufacturer.
Tyler Bariss, whose chronic SWATting and calling in of bomb threats finally got an innocent man killed last year, has gotten hit with 46 more charges. Usually I find it despicable how the feds heap charges upon charges to intimidate people into plea bargains; I hope Bariss goes away for a long, long, long time. And the trigger-happy SWAT sniper with him.
LOL, a judge in Washington state rips off his robe and sprints after two escaping prisoners. Catches one, too.
Did "magic" mushrooms create psilocybin to screw with bugs that wanted to eat them?
No surprise to you, but a surprising source. A study by a group of ultimate public school insiders says government schools are failing kids by not challenging them enough and instead feeding them assignments well below their capabilities.
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To determine how muscle stiffness and pain which develop after eccentric exercise are affected by gentle stretching and repeated exercise.
Twenty-one healthy female participants undertook eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors and changes in resting elbow flexion angle (REFA; a measure of muscle stiffness), pain on stretch scale, pain elicited by pressure (PPT pain, a measure of mechanoreceptor hypersensitivity), and upper arm girth were followed for 7 days after exercise. The effects of gentle passive stretching on pain and muscle stiffness were investigated 2 and 4 days after exercise. Eleven participants also repeated the exercise with the same arm 6 weeks after the first bout.
There was a significant relationship between the pain on stretch scale and increased REFA (day 4; R2 = 0.65, p < 0.001), whereas there was no relationship between REFA and PPT pain. REFA was reduced by passive stretching and pain on stretch scale was also reduced from 3.0 (1.4, 5.1) to 0.75 (0.0, 2.0) [median (IQR), p = 0.01]. PPT pain was unaffected by the passive stretching, as was muscle swelling. Following the repeated bout, increases in REFA were much reduced, as was pain on stretch scale (p = 0.02). However, PPT pain was not significantly different between the two bouts of exercise.
The results indicate that reductions in pain on stretch scale, either by gentle passive stretching or as the result of repeated exercise, are primarily due to reductions in muscle stiffness which develops after eccentric exercise, whereas mechanoreceptor hypersensitivity is relatively unaffected.
The online version of this article ( https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04108-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
The present study does not constitute any financial funding. We would like to thank all of participants.
PM was responsible the experimental design, data collection, and analysis drafting the manuscript. DAJ and SK were concerned with the design of the study, data analysis and drafting the manuscript. MM and AS assisted with data collection and drafting the manuscript and blood examination. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.


The Norwalk PTO would like to thank everyone who came to Fun Night. More than $16,000 was raised!
Van Ginkel's Athletic Manufacturing, Inc.
Norwalk PTO invites you to our November meeting on Monday, November 19 at Oviatt in the Library (use door 14 on the west side).
Hear from a financial expert on how to plan and save for a college fund. Fund Monkey will also present a check to Norwalk PTO from Warrior Dash. Childcare will be provided.
Also, don't forget to get your apparel orders in – PTO Warrior apparel. Orders are due by Noon on Tuesday!
And we haven't forgotten about Warrior Dash prizes. The prizes will be delivered when students return from Thanksgiving.
We appreciate everyone who came out and enjoyed Fun Night!
Need the link again? Click here to bid and see what else is online.
Don't forget to join us on Saturday at Lakewood for carnival games, balloon artists, inflatables and Chick-fil-A.
The holidays are upon us and the Norwalk PTO is excited to share our new apparel site with you for this year! There are MANY great options with different logos and color choices. All orders will be completed online again this year. The deadline to order is noon on Tuesday, Nov. 20. No orders will be accepted after that date/time.
NEW THIS YEAR – you can choose to either pick up at Lakewood Elementary from 5 – 7 p.m. on Thursday, Dec. 13 OR for an additional fee, if you live within the Norwalk School District, you can choose to have the Norwalk PTO deliver the apparel to your home (Note: there will not be a delivery option for those living outside of the Norwalk School District).
If you have any questions specific to the apparel items, please contact Monica at Nuline Promotions,monica@nulinepromotions.com. Any other questions can be directed to Michelle Hines, Norwalk PTO Co-Vice President,michelle.e.hines@msn.com.
These are only suggested times. If you have a child in both schools please come when it works best for you. Because our community continues to grow, this change is being implemented to address capacity concerns and make sure everyone has an enjoyable time!
A family fun event for a good cause. Join us for carnival games, face painting, food and silent auction fundraiser.
To volunteer or donate click here to sign up.


Montenegro has announced a citizenship-by-investment programme, starting in October 2018 for property investors from non-EU countries. Leading property specialist IM Property Group says there has been significant interest in the scheme already, and believes that the undeveloped north of the country will particularly benefit from the programme.
Montenegro joins a growing group of countries seeking to attract foreign direct investments through the programme, which it has limited to 2,000 applicants. The programme requires a minimum investment of EUR 250,000 in approved real estate in an undeveloped region (north of the country), or EUR 450,000 investment in approved real estate in a developed region (south of the country). The government will, in addition, charge a fee of EUR 100,000 per application which will be directed to a special fund for underdeveloped areas. This makes it one of the most competitive schemes in Europe.
A Montenegro passport will provide investors with visa-free travel to 123 destinations, including Hong Kong, Singapore, the UAE, and all the countries in Europe's Schengen Area (26 countries).
Mr Radmilovic believes the scheme will encourage investment in the north of the country, which is already benefiting from a new motorway that has shortened the journey time to the region from Podgorica Airport to between 30-45 minutes, a reduction of 1 hour. Tourism in the north is also taking off with naturally beautiful sites such Tara Canyon (Second largest in the world) and the mountainous region of Kolasin and Zabljak, being key attractions.
The country has recently marked its first-year anniversary of NATO membership and hopes to join the European Union at some stage. It has already taken the euro as its currency and is in the process of integrating EU legislation into national law.
Montenegro is one of the fastest growing economies in the Balkans, according to the World Bank, and is quickly becoming a key destination for some of the most important industries around the world due to its strategic position.
IM Property Group is a property specialist that sources, sells, and advises clients on property purchases and investments in Montenegro. With over 12 years' experience the team advise on all property transactions from a specific property purchase to land purchase for development.
For institutional and private developers, they offer project management and delivery of schemes. Their professional team consists of experienced individuals and partner companies who have previously held senior roles or been retained by leading developments in Montenegro and internationally.


Phillips, Marjorie, Duncan Phillips with the Dogs C'est Tout, Ami and Babette, 1975, Oil on canvas; 40 x 32 in.; 101.6 x 81.28 cm.. Gift of the artist, 1984.
Recently, I began to think about the numerous connections between pets and artwork in The Phillips Collection, and was surprised by the richness of this topic. So much so, I'm writing a series exploring the intersection of pets with the collection. In honor of the museum's 90th, this post looks at Duncan and Marjorie Phillips.
Marjorie was a professional artist and painted her husband on multiple occasions. I think her portrait, Duncan Phillips with the Dogs C'est Tout, Ami and Babette (1975), is my favorite, mostly because it illustrates the couple's enduring love for dogs. During their lifetimes, Duncan and Marjorie kept many dogs—first an airedale, later a spaniel named Jeff, schnauzers called Pep and Pep II, and of course the standard poodles depicted in Marjorie's painting with Duncan. C'est Tout, Ami, and Babette were especially important to the couple: all three lived 17 years, and the Phillipses treated them like members of the family. In fact, when French photographer Henri Cartier Bresson took a family portrait, Duncan insisted that the dogs be included.
So, it's not surprising to me that Marjorie incorporated the poodles in Duncan Phillips with the Dogs C'est Tout, Ami and Babette. In the lower right looking at us is Babette (a French diminutive for Barbara); she was Duncan's favorite. On the left side of the painting is C'est Tout (French for "that's all"); he loved playing fetch with Duncan. And in the center under the table is Ami (French for "friend"); he was Marjorie's favorite.


text:
Who wants it more?
When Quebec separatists complained about a proposed re-enactment of the battle of the Plains of Abraham, the organizers folded. When federalists complained about the FLQ terrorist manifesto being read at an event commemorating the 250th anniversary of the battle, the organizers stood their ground:
The T-shirt favoured by some dyed-in-the-wool separatists this weekend read, "They won the Battle of the Plains, but we will win the war." And when it came to the war of words that erupted over the historic battle's 250th anniversary, the sovereigntists won in a rout as lopsided as the one that saw Quebec City fall to the British.
The 24-hour marathon of historical readings — which became the main commemoration after a battle re-enactment was cancelled following threats — turned into the "sovereigntist show" that some critics had predicted. From former Parti Quebecois leader Bernard Landry intoning, "Long live freedom," as he read a letter from a rebel facing execution in 1839 to the enthusiastic applause that greeted a reading of the FLQ manifesto, the federalists were chased from the Plains of Abraham.
…the controversy over the manifesto had no apparent sobering effect on the hundreds of spectators present when singer Luck Mervil took the stage to a loud ovation in the early hours of yesterday morning. Mr. Mervil delivered an impassioned reading of the manifesto, first broadcast in October 1970 as the FLQ held British trade commissioner James Cross hostage and two days before Quebec labour minister Pierre Laporte would be kidnapped.
There was more applause as Mr. Mervil read a passage denouncing "the big bosses" who exploited Quebec's "cheap labour." Cheers followed other passages, including when the late Pierre Trudeau was called a pansy. The loudest applause came as Mr. Mervil ended with his fist raised: "Long live a free Quebec! Long live our imprisoned comrades. Long live the Quebec revolution! Long live the Front de Liberation du Quebec!" Chants of "We will win" could be heard.
One side is ashamed of its history, and bends over backwards to avoid giving offence. The other side just doesn't give a damn. In the long run, who do you think has the advantage?
Barack Obama doesn't care about this black person
Where have I heard this before?
6 thoughts on "Who wants it more?"
But that side has always had the advantage and we still keep on truckin'. For the last hundred years the nationalists/separatists have marched loudly and the federalists have voted quietly. Works for me.
It seems the loyalty of Quebecers to Canada is in inverse proportion to the expectation of Anglos that they publically proclaim it.
The FLQ were a nationalist, neo-marxist,terrorist group.Trudeau did a good thing nipping that left wing organization in the bud.The Bloc quebecois should be ashamed for cheering this group on.then again the Bloc are left over marxists anyways.Dont be stupid Canada.Know your history.
DaninVan says:
From past comments here and elsewhere, there would appear to be a not insignificant number of non-Franco Canadians who'd consider this a win-win situation. Quebecois are delusional; perhaps they haven't noticed that the US, their hoped for economic savior, is in deep doo-doo. Not a lot of sympathy for our whiny brat brethren from that quarter, I'm guessing.
Millie Woods says:
Two points to be made – first the much repeated Quebec humiliation at being a "conquered" people. Quebecois were an abandoned people – abandoned by the French according to the treaty ending the French and Indian wars in favour of keeping Martinique and Guadeloupe on the grounds that nobody wants several acres of snow anyway.
Second all the external business of Quebec apart from France and a few places of lesser importance is conducted in English. Furthermore virtually all post secondary education in Quebec apart from the social sciences and so-called
literature uses English language textbooks. Worldwide francophonie numbers about seventy million while the anglosphere kicks in at almost half a billion.
In other words francophonie is a big yawn.
Dr.Dawg says:
Anyone actually *read* that Manifesto? A piece of history indeed–like Robbie Burns' more obscure religious verse-polemics.
You need to have Google on hand to trace all the references. It rambles. Homophobia was obviously not a taboo at the time. The Lapalme references are worth chasing up, and many of the grievances (including the grip that Household Finance had on poor families at the time and so on) were real. But the FLQ scared the bejeezus out of those ordinary Quebecers.
That being said, the War Emergency Measures Act was obvious overkill. It was effectively martial law, applied to the entire country, and police were not slow to abuse the powers they had been granted. The mayor of Vancouver tried to use it to round up hippies.
Trudeau was being seriously uber-macho here. I guess he didn't like being called a "tapette."
"Cheap labour"? With the highest income tax in the country and who knows how much else in business taxes? Ain't exactly cheap anymore.
And, if someone suggests even a modest change to the social welfare state, there's a hundred thousand people in the streets. That includes reaction to raising the lowest tuition in the country.
Even Bouchard acknowledged there's a problem here, suppose that makes him a stooge/lackey of the cigar chomping, ruling industrial elite.


Reinhild Beuther is a photographer who uses photography as a means to a very specific end. Beholden is a new commission and is the first in a series of collaborations between Focal Point Gallery and University of Hertfordshire Galleries. The work consists of four large-scale lightboxes and a video piece.
Over the past five years, Reinhild Beuther has been fascinated by and working with the overlaying of images, and in particular with those of human faces and bodies. Beuther's interest lies where there are relationships between the subjects of the images: couples, parents, friends, relatives.
For 'Beholden', Beuther has created portraits of her closest family, involving the artist, her partner and their son and their parents. The result is a striking similarity in the structure of the faces and, yet, such a difference in expression.


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GC Spas and Sauna is part of a family firm who have been selling spas, or hot tubs as they are sometimes known, from Barnstaple in North Devon for over 30 years.
If you have ever soaked in a hot tub, you never forget just how delightfully relaxing it feels. If you have never tried it, the sensation is difficult to imagine.
The modern hot tub has been around since the early 70s but the idea of hydrotherapy – using water to ease pain and improve health – can be traced back to the time of the Romans.
Since 1979, Sundance Spas has been designing, developing and refining their range of hot tubs in order to give the best possible hydrotherapy; to be as efficient and reliable as possible and to provide relaxation for you, your family and friends. This is the range of hot tubs that GC Spas and Sauna offer at their new Barnstaple showroom.
We believe that there are very few better investments that you can make in your family's health, relaxation and well-being or as a focus of entertainment and spending quality time together.
We've put together a short list of the questions that people most often ask us about spas and hot tubs.
What will a spa or hot tub cost to run?
This is something that everyone wants to know but, of course, the answer is affected by such a wide range of things.
A bigger spa will cost more to run than a small one. A spa that is used a lot will use more energy than one that isn't; a spa with it's cover on, the thermostat set to simply maintain the temperature and the pumps not running uses very little energy indeed.
The design and construction of the spa itself will make a huge difference.
Sundance spas have highly efficient pumps and heaters and, being full foam insulated, are one of the most energy efficient spas on the market. Sundance spa covers are also highly effective in reducing heat loss when the spa isn't in use.
All spas will need some chemicals to keep the water clean and sparkling but Sundance's CLEARRAY UV treatment system means that they use much less than most.
Where can I put a spa or hot tub?
A spa can be installed indoor, outdoors or outside but under some sort of awning or gazebo.
There are advantages to each location and the decision usually comes down to practicalities as much as personal choice.
The first practicality is dependant on the size of spa you choose. Spas are formed from one solid acrylic shell and so are no smaller when they are delivered then when they are finally installed so access is an important consideration whether that is to an indoor spot or an outdoor site.
Spas, when full of water are heavy. Indoors they will almost certainly need to be on the ground floor. For an outdoor spa you will need and solid and level foundation.
An indoor spa will produce a fair amount of water vapour, so ventilation must be adequate to prevent problems with damp and condensation. Most indoor spas are in poolrooms or a garden room.
If you are looking to install a spa in your garden or on a patio, the site needs to be at least 10' from any overhead power lines. A sheltered spot is best, not too far from the house and if the site has a good view, that will make enjoying your spa all the better.
What are the health benefits of a spa?
The hydrotherapy that a spa provides is fantastic at easing aches and pains, at reducing tension and stress and promoting a good night's sleep.
Soaking in a hot tub can reduce the risks of high blood pressure. The warmth, massage and support that the water gives to joints and limbs can all work together to ease the symptoms of arthritis.
The warm, bubbling waters of a spa will ease the stiffness and discomfort from any sporting injuries that you might have and soaking in a spa after exercise aids muscle recovery.
Regular bathing in your own spa can help you stay active for longer. A game of tennis, a round of golf or even a few hours gardening can leave you feeling tired and with sore joints and muscles. Hydrotherapy is one of the longest trusted and most effective natural remedies you can treat yourself to.
Can I use a spa all year around?
The simple answer to that is, yes, of course.
Here in North Devon we are blessed with fairly mild winters but in parts of North America and Canada where spas are also popular, people will regularly bathe outdoors in sub-zero temperatures and when there is snow on the ground.
Many local spa owners think that the winter months are when they enjoy their outdoor spa the most. Bathing in the warm, bubbling water, watching the steam rise around you, relaxing in a hot tub at the end of a cold, hard day is a truly fantastic feeling and one that is easy to get in the habit of regularly enjoying.
Running and servicing a spa; how much effort does it take?
Your own spa is actually very easy to look after. Just a few minutes a day will make sure that it's perfect and ready to use whenever you want to go for a soak. The secret is to have a regular routine.
Test the water each day for bromine and PH levels; that's as simple as dipping a test strip in the water.
Once a week you should add a little bromine to the water; this is called 'shocking'. Because Sundance Spas all have a UV water treatment system, they need less chemicals than a regular spa.
Once a month you will need to clean the filter cartridge and balance the water, which means doing a few simple tests and adding the appropriate chemicals. It sounds more difficult than it is but we can either show you all that you need to do or you can have a service contract with us and we'll look after your spa for you.
There are as many reasons for buying a spa as there are people who buy them.
Your spa, where you want to put it, how you want to use it and what benefits you want from owning it, is as individual as you are.
So come and talk to us. We are in Barnstaple on the Roundswell Commercial Park and our staff will be happy to answer your questions and advise you on the particular spa that will suit you best.


text:
Ireland's Rankings... The Comparisons
The 14th at Rosapenna (Sandy Hills)
Over the last year or so there have been five major rankings of Irish golf courses. These come from an Irish magazine and four UK golf media. The ranking comparisons are shown in the table below.
The top 30 courses according to Golf Digest Ireland (GDI) are in the left hand column - call these the benchmark as they're taken from the Top 100 Irish Golf courses. The remaining rankings are alongside, showing which Irish courses make the top 100 GB&I ranking. The overall GB&I ranking is then shown in brackets.
Of the five rankings, four list Royal County Down (RCD) at number one, with the other listing the Newcastle course at number two. That's consistency for you. Thereafter it all becomes very interesting with courses such as Rosapenna Sandy Hills (25th, 11th, 10th, 13th and 9th) and Tralee (7th, 18th, 11th, 8th, 16th) exhibiting the biggest swings, Ballyliffin (Old) being omitted from two lists, and The Island remaining firmly between 12th and 14th place. Don't forget that all the publications have different assessment criteria/panels.
It is no surprise that links predominate... especially as the fifth list (NCG) only deals with links courses.
The intimidating drive on Royal County Down's 11th hole
Approach to The Island's 13th - one of the toughest par threes on the island
It's quite a juggling act to manoeuvre your way across the different rankings, but intriguing nonetheless. I could probably have thrown in Golf Digest's Top 100 list (courses outside the USA), which includes eight Irish courses... but I didn't have space! But yet again, Royal County Down takes top spot, with Portmarnock (12), Royal Portrush (13), Waterville (23), Ballybunion (26), Lahinch (41), Tralee (82), The European (88) also being included.
Rankings alway cause controversy and are rarely as useful as they first appear because golfers have different views on what makes a golf course great. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder after all, and between companions, performance, location, condition and weather, we can all make flash judgements about a course.
The 4th at Portsalon.
A friend once told me he had a horrible experience at Portsalon and would never go back. When pushed, he admitted that the drive to the course had been horrendous and he'd got lost twice... it had nothing to do with the rather excellent golf course.
My only recommendation is that you pick a couple you haven't played before and make yourself a promise to play them this year. How else will you be able to experience - and rank - Ireland's golf courses for yourself!
Here are my ten best Irish Golf photographs of the year... for a little added inspiration.
Labels: Golf Digest Ireland, Golf Monthly, golf world, Irish Golf Course Rankings, National Club Golfer, Top 100 Links GB&I
I have always found RCD's domination of the rankings to be unusual. Golf World has gone so far as to say it's the best public course in the world!
The ranking in Ireland's Golfing Weekly (which is determined by regular golfers rather than critics) of RCD as the 12th best links is Ireland is closer to the mark (although it does seem a little harsh).
As RCD lacks the drama of Tralee and Carne and the scenery of Ballybunion RCD would appear to be a case of "The Emperor's New Clothes" when rankings are considered among critics.
I have played it twice and both times I was underwhelmed given the stature of the course. It is still one of the best courses on the East coast though.
Kevin Markham January 8, 2015 at 3:55 PM
Fran, I'd agree that Golfing Weekly's ranking of 12th is off the mark... way off the mark. I wouldn't have it as my favourite course, but there's little doubting that it's one of the best in the world. The condition of the place the three times I've played it (Nov, Feb, March) was incredible, and it just offers up so many varied holes, different shapes and intriguing challenges. Apart form a couple of holes on the back 9 (17th in particular) it blows me away every time.
I would say that it is a more rounded golf experience than Carne... but I would prefer to play Carne for the sheer thrill of so many enormous holes. The word 'epic' springs to mind.
And having played Ballybunion a few times I don't quite get why people think the views are so spectacular. Nice, yes, but not in the league of Dooks, Tralee, Co Sligo, Narin & Portnoo... or Royal County Down.
Fair points Kevin - the conditioning of the course is excellent and it does have a good variety of holes (I love the 9th) but couldn't the same be said about Baltray (another top class links course)?
Don't get me wrong, RCD is a great course, I'm just trying to understand why it's consistently considered to be the best.
Kevin Markham January 10, 2015 at 7:57 AM
I suspect there is an element that the course's reputation and history influences people's judgement. The same is true of Portmarnock... which doesn't excite me in the same way as RCD.
RCD is also very different in its setting, its fast and thrilling start (the first 13 holes are pretty exceptional), and its natural shape. The bunkering is unique, the holes are well separated out and the course has the name Old Tom Morris attached to it. It all adds up.
You're not the only one who thinks it's a bit overhyped, but I still think it's the 'must-play' course on the island.
Ireland's Golf Rankings - The 20 Clubs That Missed...
Golf Job Opportunities... General Manager
A Golfers Guide to Ireland - 2015 Awards
Samuel Jackson - The Coolest Man in Golf
Bushmills Dunes - The Dream Is Over
Irish Golf for Under €20
An Irish Golfing Year in Review


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Do you need a deck for your pool, home, or backyard patio? Or are you looking for a new and aesthetically appealing walkway? If yes, then read on. If you have beautiful gardens at your home, you might want to create beautiful pathway that leads up to them. Maybe you are not a fan of your current patio or walkway anymore because it is now degrading or cracking or maybe you are bored and tired of looking at an old one. Whatever the case may be, you will never be disadvantaged from installing pavers to enhance the look of your gardens or patio.
However, to enhance the look of your pool, home, or backyard patio, you will have to choose between a variety of pavers to select the right one for your purpose.
Pavers are long lasting and highly versatile if you look at them as a solution to beautifying your walkway, driveway, pool deck, patio, or other outdoor area.
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This is what confuses a majority of the people as they find it difficult to choose the right pavers as a result of having too many options to choose from.
Brick pavers are super affordable, durable, aesthetically appealing, and provide amazing traction. With brick pavers on the floor, you will never have to trip or slip. However, as brick is a hard material, it consumes a lot of time to install because it is very tiny. However, if you are someone who is a fan of consistency in terms of colors, shades, and intricate layouts, brick pavers is a good option.
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text:
Netzke is a framework that greatly facilitates creation of complex [Sencha Ext JS](http://www.sencha.com/products/extjs/) + [Ruby-on-Rails](http://rubyonrails.org/) applications by leveraging a modular, object-oriented approach.

[![Gem Version](https://badge.fury.io/rb/netzke.svg)](https://badge.fury.io/rb/netzke)

## Rationale

[Sencha Ext JS]("http://www.sencha.com/products/extjs") is a powerful front-end framework, which is used for crafting web-apps that give the end user experience similar to that of a desktop application. It has an extensive set of widgets ('components'), and leverages a modular approach to its fullest: a developer can extend components (using Ext JS's own class system), nest components with the help of many powerful layouts, dynamically create and destroy them, etc. The architecture of Ext JS is well thought out and complete.

However, with Ext JS being server-agnostic, it is not always a trivial task for a developer to bind Ext JS components to the server-side data *and* application business logic, especially in complex applications. Netzke as the solution that allows you to extend the modular approach to the server side.

Netzke Core takes the burden of implementing the following key aspects of the framework:

* Client-side (JavaScript) class generation
* Client-server communication
* Extendibility of components (with the help of inheritance and mixins)
* Unlimited nesting (composition)
* Dynamic component loading
* Client-side class caching

...and more.

All this extremely facilitates building fast, low-traffic, robust, and highly maintainable applications. As a result, your code scales much better in the sense of complexity, compared to using conventional MVC, where developers are pretty much limited with the programming techniques that they can apply.

## HelloWorld component

Here's a mini-tutorial on building a simple Netzke component that illustrates client-server communication in Netzke.

Ext JS files are not distributed with Netzke, so, make sure that they are located in (or sym-linked as) `YOUR_APP/public/extjs`.

In `YOUR_APP/components/hello_world.rb`:

```ruby
class HelloWorld < Netzke::Base
  # Configure client class
  client_class do |c|
    c.title = "Hello World component"
  end

  # Actions are used by Ext JS to share functionality and state b/w buttons and menu items
  # The handler for this action should be called netzkeOnPingServer by default
  action :ping_server

  # Self-configure with a bottom toolbar
  def configure(c)
    super
    c.bbar = [:ping_server] # embed the action into bottom toolbar as a button
  end

  # Endpoint callable from client class
  endpoint :greet_the_world do
    # call client class' method showGreeting
    client.show_greeting("Hello World!")
  end
end
```

In `YOUR_APP/components/hello_world/client/hello_world.js` put the client class (JavaScript) methods:

```javascript
{
  // handler for the ping_server action
  netzkeOnPingServer: function(){
    // calling greet_the_world endpoint
    this.server.greetTheWorld();
  },

  // called by the server as the result of executing the endpoint
  showGreeting: function(greeting){
    this.update("Server says: " + greeting);
  }
}
```

To embed the component in Rails view:

Use `load_netzke` in the layout to include Ext JS and Netzke scripts and stylesheets:

```erb
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
  <%= csrf_meta_tag %>
  <%= load_netzke %>
</head>
<body>
  <%= yield %>
</body>
</html>
```

Embed the component in the Rails view:

```erb
<%= netzke :hello_world %>
```

To learn about Netzke architecture in detail, refer to the [Netzke Core README](https://github.com/netzke/netzke-core).

## Netzke gems

The `netzke` Ruby gem is a meta-gem that has the following framework parts as dependencies:

* [Netzke Core](https://github.com/netzke/netzke-core) - the "bare bones" of the framework. Its [README](https://github.com/netzke/netzke-core) is a must-read for understanding the framework.
* [Netzke Basepack](https://github.com/netzke/netzke-basepack) - a few feature-packed pre-built components.
* [Netzke Testing](https://github.com/netzke/netzke-testing) - a set of helpers that simplify development and testing of Netzke components.

## Documentation

Netzke components consist of server side (Ruby) and client side (JavaScript) code, each having an API that you will want to use in your app.
Documentation for the server-side (Ruby) classes is auto-generated (with YARD) and hosted by
[RubyDoc.info](http://www.rubydoc.info/). Documentation for client-side classes is generated manually with
[yuidoc](http://yui.github.io/yuidoc/) using scripts provided in this gem; it is hosted [here](http://api.netzke.org/client/).

### Generating documentation for client-side code

Symlink Netzke gems (such as netzke-basepack and netzke-core) into the `doc/client` directory, then run

    rake client_doc:generate

The combined docs for all symlinked gems will be generated in `doc/client/build`.

## Useful links

* [Project website](http://netzke.org) - place to start
* [Demo](http://demo.netzke.org) - demo showing off components from Basepack (browse through demo components and see their source code)
* [Twitter](https://twitter.com/netzke) - bite-sized announcements about Netzke

## FAQ

### Will I need to write JavaScript while using Netzke?

It depends. For developing new components or extending existing ones (e.g. from [Basepack](https://github.com/netzke/netzke-basepack)) you'll most probably need to apply your Sencha Ext JS knowledge (and Netzke isn't supposed to limit you here in any way). However, the idea is that you write JavaScript code only once. After the component is created, use it as if it were a part of some Ruby library. A comparison with Ruby gems that use C extensions is also appropriate here: as some Ruby gems incapsulate C code for you, the same way Netzke components incapsulate JavaScript.

### Why did you choose for Ext JS as front end?

In the current scene, Ext JS is the only library I know of that has the architecture consistent, flexible, and complete enough to allow for complex "enterprise level" web applications.

### When will there be more components available?

I'm creating new components according to my own practical needs. As soon as get something generic, I might add that to [netzke-basepack](https://github.com/netzke/netzke-basepack) or to a dedicated gem. However, the key idea of Netzke is that it facilitates creating new components which are extremely easy to share, so that anybody could contribute.

---
Copyright (c) 2009-2017 [Good Bit Labs](http://goodbitlabs.com/), released under the same license as [Ext JS](https://www.sencha.com/legal/#Sencha_Ext_JS)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
What you need to know about the Pixel 6 series
Google's new phones are out. If you've been closely following the tech space, you've already seen most of the hardware info. Google has been sharing and promoting the Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro for months already. But now, we get to see how the Pixel 6 series is using these specs to bring its tech to life.
And we wanted to share the key features of the Google Pixel 6 and Pixel 6 Pro you'll want to know.
Pricing and the Pixel Pass bundles
Google has priced both devices rather aggressively, especially compared to similar smartphones from its competitors (Apple, Samsung, etc.). The Pixel 6 has a starting price of USD 599 (PHP 29,878), and the Pixel 6 Pro starts at USD 899 (PHP 45,680), with these base models coming with 128GB of storage.
Google will also offer the Pixel 6 series under a subscription-based model called Pixel Pass in the US. Subscribers can pay monthly installments starting at USD 45 (PHP 2,287) for the Pixel 6 and USD 55 (PHP 2,794) for the Pixel 6 Pro. Their subscriptions come with an extended warranty and access to Google's premium subscription services like Google One cloud storage, YouTube and YouTube Music Premium, and Google Play Pass.
Google makes its own mobile chip
While taking a few subtle jabs at Qualcomm, Google introduced its first custom-designed ARM system-on-chip called Tensor. According to the company, it's competitive against the Qualcomm Snapdragon 888, which powers every other premium Android phone out on the market.
The key thing to know about the Tensor is it gets a custom Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) for AI built into it and different main processing pipelines. It has two high-power application cores, two mid-range cores, four low-power cores, a dedicated coprocessor for security, a private compute core, and an image processing core. That is paired with 8GB of RAM with the Pixel 6 and 12GB on the Pixel 6 Pro.
New Pixel look
Pixel 6 brings a new look to the Pixel line. It's unlike the Pixels launched in the past. There is still that two-tone element, but these are shiny with polished metal frames (6 Pro) and glossy glass backs. There is also that distinctive camera "bar" that spans the entire width of the phone.
Aside from revamping the camera module, Google introduces new camera hardware with a 50-megapixel primary lens that pixel bins to a 12.5-megapixel output, 12-megapixel ultrawide sensor, and an additional 48-megapixel telephoto lens (binned down to 12-megapixel output) on the Pixel 6 Pro with 4x optical zoom. On the front, the Pixel 6 has an 8-megapixel selfie cam with an 84-degree field of view, while the Pixel 6 Pro has an 11.1-megapixel camera with a 94-degree field of view.
Both phones get large OLED displays, Gorilla Glass Victus protection, and HDR support. The Pixel 6 has a 6.4-inch 1080p screen with a 90Hz refresh rate, while the 6 Pro gets a 6.7-inch 1440p adaptive display with a 120Hz refresh rate. The Pixel 6 Pro pushes closer to the edge than the Pixel 6. And as you may have noticed, Google sadly opted out of introducing a smaller Pixel.
As flagship phones, these get the usual specs you'd come to expect. There's wireless and reverse wireless charging, IP68 resistance rating, stereo speakers, in-screen fingerprint sensor, and fast-charging support. But, of course, Google doesn't include a power brick in the box.
If you're wondering about battery, the Pixel 6 gets a 4,614mAh battery, while the Pixel 6 Pro gets a 5,004mAh one.
The Pixel 6 comes in Kinda Coral, Sorta Seafoam, and Stormy Black, while the Pixel 6 Pro is available in Cloudy White, Stormy Black, and Sorta Sunny color variants.
Software innovations we're excited about
We always appreciate tech companies that focus more on the experience with their devices. And Google spent most of its event talking about the improvements on the software side.
The cameras get many new features. The Portrait Mode gets re-engineered with Real Tone. This feature should render different skin tones of a broader, more diverse group more accurately than before. Google worked with photographers and cinematographers of color to improve the dataset of its camera models.
There's Face Unblur, which uses multiple images recorded to do as its name suggests; Motion Mode, which can help you capture long exposures and action shots handheld; and Magic Eraser, which can take out distracting objects or photo bombers in photos. We've seen variations of Magic Eraser on other devices. But with Google's camera capabilities, we're expecting this feature to work well.
And then there's Google's surprising partnership with Snapchat. Pixel 6 phones are getting a new Quick Tap to Snap feature on the Pixel's lock screen. It's basically the camera-only version of Snapchat. There will also be exclusive Snapchat Lenses coming from Google and live translation into the app. We've certainly come a long way from the disappointing Snapchat experience on Android of years past.
There are improvements for on-device language processing and live translation, too. Google is putting its chip to good use with more accurate speech-to-text transcriptions and real-time translating. The company is now bringing Live Translate to text-entry fields.
Google is also improving the experience of making phone calls to customer service lines. The Phone app can let you know the hold time before you even dial and projected wait times. It can transcribe the different options you get from automated messages, so you don't forget which number you need to push. And Google Duplex's Hold for Me feature is still available, and it's rolling out to Australia, Canada, and Japan soon.
There are new security features, too. There's a Titan M2 security chip, with five years of security updates for these devices, a Security Hub, and a Privacy Dashboard.
We don't know if these new software features will make their way to older Google Pixel devices or if they'll just be for the Google Pixel 6 to entice more people to check out the new Google flagships.
Google Pixel 7 series: Features to get excited about
4 favorite hardware announcements at Google I/O 2022
Google Pixel Watch: 6 features you need to know
October 20, 2021 October 20, 2021 Nicole BatacGoogle
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The BBC has renewed its agreement with the Premier League to show highlights for the three seasons from 2019/20 to 2021/22. The public broadcaster's bid of £211.5 million ($299 million) over three years was a slight increase on the £204 million it is currently paying. The BBC's flagship football programme is Match of the Day, airing on Saturday nights, with other highlights shows on Sundays and Mondays depending on the match week. The auction for live rights to the Premier League is on 8 February.
The England & Wales Cricket Board (ECB) has signed new deals for TV rights to cricket in the UK with Sky and BBC. Sky, the ECB's exclusive partner since 2006, will have all rights to England home test matches and county cricket from 2020 to 2024. This includes the new Twenty20 (T20) competition starting in 2020. The BBC has signed live free-to-air rights to all England men's and women's T20 matches, plus ten matches from the new T20 competition plus highlights of home internationals in all formats. BT was widely reported to have been interested in bidding for rights.
BBC will close its digital retail store on the 1st of November 2017 (launched November 2015, covered by IHS here), citing growing demand for subscription services and demand for the retail store not being as strong as BBC had hoped for. Customers will be issued with a refund to their purchases, or Amazon vouchers with a slight markup, to repurchase their content. The BBC has commented that they are committed to helping consumers to find content via other services and platforms.
Content deals: UK broadcaster Channel 4 will become to the terrestrial TV rights holder for the FIA Formula One World Championship for three seasons starting next year. Channel 4 will broadcast 10 live Formula One races, including practice and qualifying sessions, in each season from 2016 to 2018, together with highlights of all 21 Grands Prix and qualifying sessions, including those shown live on pay TV by Sky Sports. No advertising breaks will be taken through the duration of the live races. The BBC held rights to 2019, but decided to terminate the contract early in order to save costs.
Content deal: the BBC and ITV will share rights to Six Nations rugby union in the UK from 2016 after signing a joint six-year deal worth a reported £50 million a year. Under the deal, which runs to 2021, the BBC will air the live home matches of the Scotland, Wales and France teams, with ITV airing live England, Ireland and Italy home matches. The BBC also retained radio rights to all matches.
Discovery Communications has agreed with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to acquire rights for the four Olympic games from 2018-2022. Discovery, which acquired full control of Eurosport last year, is paying €1.3 billion ($1.5 billion) for exclusive rights across all platforms - including free-to-air TV, pay TV, mobile and broadband - in 50 countries.
Content deals: The BBC has renewed its rights to highlights to Premier League football. The BBC will pay £204 million for UK highlights over three seasons from 2016/17 to 2018/19.


text:
MBAs in Dallas: City Insight Series
February 1, 2022 February 1, 2022 The Basics, The Data
One of the advantages of top-tier MBA degrees is their portability – candidates from top schools often have the opportunity to work in any city they want. For certain industries such as technology, a location like Silicon Valley is synonymous with the industry and is regarded as "the place to be" in terms of career growth. But what if there was a way to analyze what U.S. cities have to offer MBA students?
Utilizing data provided by MBAs across the nation, we are able to analyze metrics such as average compensation, the most common functional roles and industries, and the companies that hire a large number of MBAs in any major city in the United States. Last up in our analysis: Dallas, Texas.
(This entry is part of a series exploring such measures for various cities. You can find our other entries in the series here: Atlanta, Austin, Houston, and San Francisco.)
According to the sources Expatistan, Numbeo, and Apartment List, the average cost of living in Dallas is approximately $2200/month, with the median rent of a one-bedroom being $1060/month. In terms of the average post-MBA salary in this city, the data indicates it is around $121,236 while the average post-MBA compensation is $169,340.
City ranks for three separate measures out of a total of 55 evaluated cities
When looking at the top ten industries of MBAs living in this city, Consulting leads the pack by a large margin with 32.0% of MBAs belonging to this industry, followed by Aerospace & Aviation and Telecommunications with 14.4% and 8.5%, respectively. Consumer Products, Technology, Internet, & Ecommerce, and Energy, Oil, Gas, and Utilities trail at fourth, fifth, and sixth place with 7.8%, 6.5%, and 4.6%. This leaves Hospitals, Medicine, & Healthcare Services (3.9%); Diversified Financial Services (3.3%); Food, Beverage, & Tobacco (3.3%); and Retail (3.3%) finishing off the list. Our other category, which constituted almost 12.4% of our data, included industries such as Commercial Banking, Real Estate, and Manufacturing.
Now that it has been established what the popular industries for business students in Dallas are, let's take a look at the functions they are hired for. Consulting comes in first again with 30.1% followed by Corporate Strategy with 15.7% and Corporate Finance with 14.4%. Marketing and Investment Management take fourth and fifth place with 7.8% and 3.9%. Operations, Product Management, and Sales share the sixth position, tyinging with 4.3%, and Business Development and General Management share the seventh position, tying with 2.6%. The Other category encapsulates 13.1%.
You may be wondering which employers are hiring for these MBA functions. According to the data, the top 5 employers are American Airlines (12.4%), Pepsico (7.8%), AT&T (7.2%), Deloitte Consulting (5.9%), and McKinsey & Company (5.9%).
However, when specifically looking at the top employers for the Consulting Industry, McKinsey & Company, Deloitte Consulting, and the Boston Consulting Group each have 18.4% of all the MBAs in our dataset from this industry living in Dallas. Trailing behind them are Everest Group and PwC Advisory with 6.1% each. In contrast, Aerospace & Aviation—the next most common industry— has its top employers as American Airlines with 86.4%; and Sabre, Southwest Airlines, and Triumph Group with 4.5% each. Likewise, Telecommunications has a different set of top employers with AT&T having 84.6% and Ericsson and Qualcomm tying for second place with 7.7% each.
The last question asked was which business schools have the most alumni working in this city. The University of Chicago Booth School of Business comes in first with the alumni making up 13.7% of the data. The University of Texas at Austin McCombs School of Business makes up 9.8%. This is followed by Duke University Fuqua School of Business with 7.2%, Southern Methodist University Cox School of Business with 6.5%, and Northwestern Kellogg School of Management with 5.9%.
MBAs in Dallas – City Guide:
Are you interested in learning more about MBAs in other US cities? Continue checking out the RelishCareers Blog, where we will continue posting information about popular cities for business students. Candidates can also sign up for an account through RelishCareers and registrants will be informed of all upcoming blog posts through email.
Average Working Week by Business School Tier
Average Working Week by Industry


text:
Hillary Clinton says the United States must 'be ready' for the possibility that Donald Trump will not 'go quietly' from the White House if he loses in November and may blame mail-in votes
Hillary Clinton has said the United States needs to 'be ready' for the possibility that Donald Trump will refuse to leave the White House if he loses in November's election.
Speaking to Trevor Noah on Monday night's episode of The Daily Show, Clinton said she could not rule out voter suppression and foreign interference in this year's vote.
Noah asked whether he may attempt, if he loses, to claim that the election was illegitimate and blame mail-in voting.
'Well, I think it is a fair point to raise as to whether or not, if he loses, he's going to go quietly or not,' she said. 'And we have to be ready for that.'
Hillary Clinton on Monday night spoke to Trevor Noah, host of The Daily Show
Clinton said that Trump's repeated warnings of mass voting fraud, if mail-in ballots are in widespread use in November, did not stand up to scrutiny.
'There have been so many academic studies and other analyses, which point out that it's just an inaccurate, fraudulent claim,' she said.
'There isn't that problem. All the games that are played ... to try and keep the vote down - that's the real danger to the integrity of our election, that combined with disinformation and misinformation and all the online shenanigans we saw in 2016.'
She continued: 'Republicans have two prongs to their strategy to try to win.
'The first is: try to prevent many people who they think won't vote for them from voting. So, make the lines really long, where young people vote of African Americans vote, or Hispanics vote.
'Try to make vote by mail as difficult as possible, when in fact that is how Donald Trump votes, and everyone who knows vote by mail understands that.'
She said she works with Democracy Docket to support lawsuits 'to make the vote available'.
Clinton said there remained however 'real danger' of an election rigged to lower the turnout, or meddled with from abroad.
'Look, I want a fair election,' she said. 'If people get to vote and they, for whatever reason, vote for Donald Trump, OK, we'll accept it. Not happily.
'But I don't think that's what will happen, because I think the more people who can actually get to the polls, whether by mail or in person, and get their votes counted, then we are going to have the kind of election we should have.
'And then it will be a win both in the popular vote and the Electoral College.'
Clinton was asked about the November election and the possibility of Trump calling fraud. She said it was 'a fair point to raise as to whether or not, if he loses, he's going to go quietly or not'
Donald Trump, pictured on Monday, may not 'go quietly' if he loses in November, she warned
It comes after former President Barack Obama chimed into the debate on mail-in voting Monday, knocking down Trump's claim that it would lead to widespread fraud.
'Voting by mail shouldn't be a partisan issue – especially during a pandemic,' the ex-president wrote.
'Everybody should be able to request an absentee ballot, and make their voice heard in every election.'
Obama then linked to a National Public Radio article that said the possibility for fraud was 'such a miniscule amount it's not statistically meaningful.'
As the coronavirus pandemic continues, so do the calls from Democrats to allow for as much mail-in voting as possible in November to cut down on Americans standing in long lines to vote.
Poll workers tend to be older Americans, who are also at the most risk if they contract the virus.
Clinton challenged Trump for the presidency in 2016, and is pictured at an October debate
Clinton, who remains a divisive figure, is yet to campaign for this year's presumptive Democrat nominee, Joe Biden.
Noah, who returned on Monday from a two week July 4th break, asked Clinton how she had been spending her time during lockdown.
'Because I know if I was in your position, I would spend most of my time tweeting "I told you so" and I would walk around the street just looking at people saying, "It could have been me, it could have been me,"' he said.
'Well, you know, before the lockdown I was doing all of that,' Clinton joked in response.
'I mean there's probably video.'
Trump, pictured on Monday, has frequently expressed concern about mail-in voting
Clinton also attacked Trump for commuting his friend Roger Stone's prison sentence - a decision the White House announced on Friday night.
Noah asked Clinton whether presidents should have the power to commute sentences - particularly when the person in question is related to them in a case - and what precedent Trump could be setting to America by pardoning anybody who protects a president by 'not snitching'.
In response, Clinton said 'I think you just summed up why Roger Stone was pardoned.
'He basically threatened Trump. He basically said "I sure don't want to go to jail, I sure have a lot more to say, and boy I just wish there'd be somebody who could stop me from having to go to jail" and guess what, Trump intervened,' she said.
Pictured: Roger Stone, a longtime friend and adviser of U.S. President Donald Trump, reacts after Trump commuted his federal prison sentence, seen outside his home in Fort Lauderdale, Florida on July 10, 2020 wearing a 'Free Roger Stone' face mask
'This is an extension to the total disregard for the rule of law. The pardon power is supposed to be used for compassionate purposes. To try to right wrongs, to try to make sure people are not being punished or unfairly, or have been punished enough.
'In this case, it's a continuation of the cover-up,' she said. 'Because the one thing that Trump is fearful of, when it comes to his being president, is that finally we will see how illegitimate his victory actually was.
'And how he was involved in the seeking of foreign help and the utilization of it, and how Roger Stone was critical to that.
She said that Stone's commutation was yet one more reason to vote Trump out of office in November, so the full scale of his behavior could be brought to light with a new president in power.
'But, you know, unless Trump is defeated at the polls in November, we will never really know everything there is to know about this really deep, ongoing dismantling of institutions and undermining the rule of law and the original sin of the way that he actually won the election,' she said.
'So Roger Stone was in the middle of it all. And that's why Trump had to cover it up.'


text:
Pearls: Songs Of Goffin And King
Capitol, 1980
http://www.caroleking.com
As the 1970s came to an end, Carole King's commercial viability was in decline, becoming far removed from the multi-million sales success of Tapestry. Her recent releases had been competent if not outstanding, and 1980 found her at a crossroads of her career, needing to produce a commercially successful album.
Since her current compositions were not providing her with the success she desired, she returned to her past for material. Despite the old saying "You can never go home again," King proved that you could return to your past musically, especially when it contained some of the best pop songs of the 1960s. It all added up to her best and most successful album release in years.
During the 1960s, she and former husband Gerry Goffin formed one of the most successful and brilliant songwriting teams of all time. Dozens of their compositions charted on the Billboard Magazine Pop Single and Rhythm & Blues Charts. They were inducted into The Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame in 1990 as a songwriting team. Once she decided upon the concept of her new album, she had a wealth of material from which to choose.
Pearls: Songs Of Goffin And King was released in 1980. Many of its songs would remain a part of her concert act for the rest of her career. It was interesting to hear her interpret her own songs that were associated with other artists. She filled in the sound with a full rock band, brass section, and background vocals.
"One Fine Day" and "The Locomotion" were both a part of Rolling Stone Magazine's list of The 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time. The first was originally a hit by The Chiffons. King stripped it down a bit, increased the tempo, and proved she could provide a pure pop vocal for one of her own songs. It became her last Top 40 hit to date. "Locomotion" is one of the most successful songs of all time, becoming a number one single for both Little Eva and Grand Funk Railroad, in addition to reaching number three for Kylie Minogue. King's voice is different from Little Eva's but her interpretation was similar. Other pure pop interpretations included "Hey Girl," "Chains," and "Oh No Not My Baby."
King traveled in a very different direction on some of the cuts on this disc. "Wasn't Born To Follow," and "Goin'Back" were both recorded by The Byrds and "Hi-De-Ho" by Blood, Sweat & Tears, and it's interesting to hear her solo versions and compare them to their famous rock band incarnations. She had recorded "Goin' Back" for her Writer album but the song was completely reworked here. "HI-De-Ho" was one of the most blues oriented songs of Goffin and King's career and it forced her to stretch a little.
Pearls: Songs Of Goffin And King is an album I have continued to play on a regular basis down through the years. Charming is not a strong enough word for her performances on these tracks. It remains an essential, if underappreciated, album in her vast catalogue and is always worth a listen.
© 2012 David Bowling and The Daily Vault. All rights reserved. Review or any portion may not be reproduced without written permission. Cover art is the intellectual property of Capitol, and is used for informational purposes only.