Write the truest sentence you know.
Ernest Hemingway said it. It's my goal to live it out in everything I write, whether in my day job as a marketer, in the books I write or right here, as I share my faith walk with you here at Faith Runner.
In 2013 I left a job that had sapped my joy and robbed me of precious days with my family and friends. I took a step back and reassessed my life and what mattered to me.
I thought about how my running was an integral part of my life and how running taught me so much about life. And so I decided to start this blog, and write about the things God was teaching me on my runs (which have since decelerated into walks) and in the other simple daily activities of my life.
The more open, vulnerable, raw and honest I am about the things happening in my life, the more likely it is to resonate with you and the things you're walking through.
I can't always accomplish that because sometimes life is just a bit more ordinary. But there also is beauty in the ordinary, especially when viewed through the filter of Christ's love and the Living Word of the Bible.
You're Invited — Join In!
I also invite you to join the conversation. You're welcome to submit a post about something God is teaching you or an experience you've had that enriched your faith. I welcome your likes, comments and feedback on any post. It all helps me to serve you better, and that's the reason I do this.
I'd love to hear from you anytime; email me at nkirsch@outlook.com.
I've been married for 27 years now to Craig. His name means "rock" and that's what he is to me. He's the rock I've held onto through life's many ups and downs.
And we are the proud parents of four young adults who range in age from 22 down to 16. This is us.
Thanks for joining me. I do hope you will stay awhile and that you'll take away something good and something worth sharing. God bless.
In 2017 I published my first book, Denial: Abuse Addiction and a Life Derailed. I drew on my own experience as a survivor of sexual abuse to write a book based on the true story of a close friend who committed suicide as a result of his own experience of childhood sexual abuse.
God called me to this work because as recent headlines have demonstrated, sexual abuse is an effective and pervasive weapon for separating millions of victims from the love of God.
My book helps to shine the light of truth on the dark lies that surround abuse and encourages survivors to seek hope and redemption in Jesus Christ.
Thanks for stopping by and following my blog. I am enjoying going through and reading yours. I'm looking forward to reading more in the upcoming days.
Thank you for becoming a follower to And He Restoreth My Soul Project. I look for to possibilities where we can support and network with one another. We never know what God has planned through relationships built through common writings. Thank you!
You are so right, the possibilities, through God's plans are endless. I have met, and come to care for so many blog authors. I look forward to getting to know you better, also!
Greetings!! I gave up FB for lent but then remembered I have ur website and blog saved. Trying to read it as much as I can! Hope you are all well!! Happy Spring Nannette!!
Thanks Liane!! Doing well and hope all of you are too!
Nanette, I love today's post. Once again, the Holy Spirit is using you to refine me. Thank you for staying true! I quoted Ex. 3:14 "I AM" earlier this week when explaining to two Jehovah's Witnesses at my door that Jesus did claim to be God, not simply His Son.
Thank you for sharing you experience and for your continued encouragement!


text:
\section{Introductory Activities}\label{sec:intro}
In astronomy seminars and journal clubs across the world, students, postdocs, and faculty discuss the latest astronomy-related news and results.  This can be a daunting thought for new students, as you're managing classes and may not yet feel comfortable in the research world. Fret not, this guide will walk you through how to efficiently read a published paper and relay that information to your peers in addition to the various options you have to contribute to the astronomy discussion.

Before you jump into the deep end and read full papers (Sections \ref{sec:find} \& \ref{sec:read}), consider some of these introductory activities:
\begin{itemize}
\item{Look at the latest images being featured on NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day\footnote{apod.nasa.gov} website.  This is a good way to get introduced to astronomical objects and phenomenon you may not be familiar with.}
\item{Read one of the papers that someone else has suggested for the week and prepare a question to ask.  This enables you to focus on one particular aspect of a topic you'd like to hear more about.}
\item{Bring an interesting figure you found and ask local experts to explain it; ``This paper had a cool figure, what does it mean?''  This can include a figure from a textbook as well!  There are many historical results that are worth discussing.}
\item{Bring in a news story or press release and ask for the backstory; ``I saw [astronomy thing] in the news. Should I believe it?''  Many popular science articles provide the excellent exposure needed to keep an esoteric field such as ours consistently in the public eye.  However, they can often abbreviate details that you may want to learn more about.}
\end{itemize}

\subsection{Paper Summaries: Astrobites and AAS Nova}
If you don't have the time or don't feel comfortable reading a paper in full, astronomer-run paper summary websites can provide quick summaries on either a given paper or the state of the field.  Some of the most popular of these websites include Astrobites\footnote{astrobites.org} and AAS Nova\footnote{aasnova.org}.

Astrobites is a daily-updated website hosting summaries of papers and their results, with the summaries written by graduate students.  Astrobites provides short, focused reviews of papers and problems in the field from a student perspective and is a useful starting location for many undergraduate and graduate students.  They also take guest authors.  If you decide scientific writing may be your career path, this is a potential avenue for writing experience!

AAS Nova is similar to Astrobites, but is hosted directly by the American Astronomical Society (AAS) and may be written by either students or more experienced researchers.  As part of a collaborative partnership with Astrobites, AAS Nova will often repost Astrobites articles of noteworthy papers originally published in AAS peer-reviewed journals.

\section{Where to Look For Papers}\label{sec:find}
To find papers on your own, you'll need to get comfortable with online paper databases.  Each scientific field has its own centers where papers are collected for reference and posterity.  For astronomy, this takes the form of (roughly) two central websites.

\subsection{The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)}
ADS\footnote{ui.adsabs.harvard.edu} (spoken as `ayy-dee-ess') is the first location that many people go to find specific papers of interest.  That's because ADS has the most powerful and versatile search functions.  For example, you'll be able to filter by author name, search for text strings in the abstract, title, main body, and much more.

The most common search method is by first author name and year. Let's walk through an example. An accomplished scientist you admire tells you to read \citet{Cooke:2019aa} and you know this person works on galaxies.  The most efficient way to find this paper would be to go to the ADS homepage and type in `{\tt $^\wedge$Cooke 2019}' and hit enter.  The carrot will force ADS to search for this author name in the first author space.  There are additional search shortcuts available on the ADS homepage.

Now you come upon the results page and you realize you face a new concern. Cooke isn't a unique name and you don't know the paper title.  The easiest next step is to look at the left sidebar on the results page and start filtering.  Most papers presented in your seminar will be directly related to astronomy, so clicking the astronomy filter cuts out all those pesky physics papers.  Another worthwhile filter to consider is whether the paper is refereed versus non-refereed.  If you're searching for a formally published scientific work such as this example, filtering by refereed will require all the results to have finished the peer review process and have been published in a journal.  The non-refereed choice would be applicable for any in-progress papers not yet through the entire peer review process or informal papers (`white papers') such as conference proceedings. From here, context clues such as the subject of the paper (galaxies are cool) will lead you to the desired paper to complete this example.

To read the text of the paper, you can find the PDF by first clicking on the paper title, then clicking the PDF icon on the right hand side of the paper's webpage.  You may notice there are two categories, Publisher and arXiv.  Publisher is the formally published version, with all the formatting and spelling corrected for publication.  This link is directly hosted by the publisher, so if you're off your university's network, you may encounter paywalls.  Never pay for a paper, that's the university's job.   To ensure free access to papers outside of the network dominions of universities, a free alternative is hosted on arXiv.

PRO--TIP:  You can add ADS as a search engine within Google Chrome (or your internet browser of choice).  By going into Chrome settings, then `Search Engine', and scrolling down to `Other Search Engines', you can add a new engine keyword.  Click `add', and then name the search engine `ADS', list the keyword as `ads', and input `{\tt https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=\%s}' in the URL space.  Once this is added, you can type `ads' into your URL bar in Chrome, hit tab, and then anything you type afterward will be automatically sent to ADS to search when you hit the enter key.  Shaving a few seconds off by not having to go to the ADS homepage each time will save you days by the time you retire! (Vaddi S., private comm.)

\subsection{arXiv}
arXiv (spoken just like the word `archive') is an online archive hosted by Cornell University to ensure free access to science papers for those outside of university networks.  While arXiv hosts many subjects, we will often refer to arXiv as `astro-ph' (spoken with the `p' \& `h' as independent letters) because we spend all of our time in the astronomy section\footnote{arxiv.org/archive/astro-ph}.  The key difference between ADS and arXiv is that anyone can upload papers to arXiv, while ADS is an automated system that collects papers from published sources and matching arXiv versions.  arXiv also has less advanced search features in comparison to ADS.

What arXiv does well is host everything everyone is publishing/releasing and collecting them into daily releases.  You can even sign up for email lists of papers delivered right to your inbox!  By going to the arXiv help page\footnote{arxiv.org/help/subscribe}, you can sign up for daily emails with lists of papers related to specific subfields of astronomy, such as Astrophysics of Galaxies, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, and more!  So sign up for your relevant subfield and peruse these emails when you're curious about the bleeding edge of your subfield's research.  arXiv also assigns each paper a unique number, used in the paper's URL page, to make it easy for people to share papers without having to perform a full search.

Finally, if the giant walls of text that arXiv daily emails updates provide aren't catching your attention, you can try the arXiver\footnote{arxiver.moonhats.com} webpage.  This is an automated webpage that shows the latest uploads to arXiv with a selection of figures included!  You can also use a search category to look at specific subfields such as `Galaxy Astrophysics'.  If you are attempting to keep up to date with the latest results, this figure-focused service may help.

\subsection{Paper Services Summary}
When you need to look for a paper in general, you can use ADS or arXiv relatively equally effectively to search for something to read, with each providing search options for finding recent papers and looking for text strings so you can find subject relevant papers.  If you were told to look for a specific paper and author, ADS will be the easier way to go.  If you are looking for something new, checking arXiv's recent submissions page provides you  papers submitted within the last five business days.

A final recommendation is to read the comments section below the paper abstract on the paper's arXiv or ADS homepage to see if the paper is `Accepted'. This indicates if the paper completed peer review.  New exciting papers may pre-release a version on arXiv prior to acceptance, and the results may be perfectly valid, but you should try and keep in mind what is officially published and what is not.  While it's preferred for seminar and journal club papers to be accepted to a journal, this should not be a hard rule.  There are many white papers on the state of the field that are important for discussion at any institution, yet not included in refereed journals.   For example, critical white papers worth exploring are \citet{Norman:2009aa}'s work on increasing the number of underrepresented minorities in astronomy, \citet{Levesque:2015aa}'s work regarding the efficacy of the Physics GRE, and \citet{Rasmussen:2019aa} summary of gender equity in astronomy.   At the time of writing this guide, many white papers have been recently written as part of astronomy's `Decadal Survey' investigating the state of astronomy as we enter the 2020s.

\section{Methodology of Reading}\label{sec:read}
Now comes the difficult part, actually reading the paper. What makes this an especially pernicious problem is that this process never ends.  Science will continue to progress in an ever expanding literature base and each person learns differently from the form of text.  One constant you can depend on is a general paper structure that has been standardized to ensure that you can identify where relevant information is located.  The main text of a paper starts with an introduction giving an overview and background of the science question.  Next the paper includes a sample selection and/or data section, which includes the fine details of how the data was taken or the simulation was performed.  Unless you are attempting to directly compare data sets, it's alright to focus on the basics here.  The analysis \& results section comes next, with a commonly combined discussion on what tests the authors ran, what correlations the authors found, what properties the authors measured.  This section will focus on the immediate results of the analysis performed.  The physical interpretation of the results and how they fit into the science question of the paper are discussed at length in a discussion section.  This is where the authors make their argument regarding the importance of their results and should be read with a discerning eye. Finally the paper will wrap up all the important points using a conclusions section.

When you read papers, you will each develop your own reading style and system of prioritizing knowledge.  Some people will read a paper directly through each section and figure in its precise order as written by the author (rarely recommended).  Others will instead read the introduction, results, and conclusions first.  Some readers will prioritize the figures first before getting into the details of the text.  As there is no `right way', this guide is to walk you through the logic of what you absolutely need to get out of a paper, and you can experiment with how to retrieve the information on your own.  Some concepts will overlap with each other, this is intended to illustrate how there are numerous forms of reading a paper.

\subsection{Abstracts}\label{sec:abstract}
Before the main text of the paper there is a short summary paragraph called an `abstract'.  An abstract is meant as a distilled version of the paper that provides information on important highlights such as their goals and findings.  Therefore abstracts give you a testing mechanism to see if a paper is relevant to your interests.  Due to the size limitation of abstracts, much of the context of the work must still be found in the main body of the text.   To fully understand the work done in the paper, you'll need to recover important information from the paper yourself.

\subsection{What is the Mystery/Controversy being Addressed?}
The very first thing that you need to discover is why anyone would care about this paper.  This is answered in the introduction and conclusions sections where a good author will summarize the state of the field and an ongoing mystery or controversy.  Usually the second to last paragraph in the introduction famously includes the key phrase, ``Our work will address this problem by \textellipsis".  While it must be rephrased to be relevant to the paper's topic specifically, you'll usually find a clear idea of the paper's goals near the end of the introduction and the beginning of the conclusions.

If you feel overwhelmed by the many abstract concepts a paper is throwing at you, remember that physical meaning is the key.  All these researchers are spending time investigating the real universe and trying to determine how physical objects such as galaxies/planets evolve.

{\bf Before moving on to any of the methods or results, you need to feel comfortable saying, `This paper is investigating [this specific problem] with [these objects]'. }

\subsection{How do They Address This Topic?}
The next level of detail you should learn is how the authors go about addressing the problem.  First, find and read through their sample selection section to understand the nature of the objects they are working with.  For example, a paper on spiral star-forming galaxies will be looking at a different population from red spiral galaxies or dwarf spiral galaxies.  As you gain experience in the field, you'll understand how each type of subsample compares to another.

Next, what observations and derived characteristics of their sample are being used? This is a section where many new students will focus on the arcane details such as exposure time or the specific chemical composition of the detectors for fear of faculty quizzing them about these things.  Focus on the basics:  photometry or spectroscopy, what wavelength regime did they observe, why those wavelengths?  You can always circle back to the details if needed.  Your goal is to understand what the physical meaning behind the measurement is.  Many papers will take some knowledge on the part of the audience for granted, so feel free to ask your advisor questions; `Why did they choose the H$\alpha$ line?', `What components of an object are emitting in the near-infrared?'.  Remember the faculty are there to help you more than you are here to help them.

{\bf After this stage, you should be able to say, ``To address this problem, they observed [their sample] using [x telescope] so they could determine [physical measurement], which will answer their problem''.}

\subsection{What did they find/not find?}
Finally, you should understand the key results from the paper. These are discussed in depth in the discussion section of a paper, as well as in a condensed form in the conclusions.  Therefore if you're getting lost in the discussion, use the conclusions section as a guide to what the authors want to highlight the most, and then circle back to the detailed discussion if needed.    Usually, these key results will be interpreted from the data found in their plots.  If you find a paper talking at length about one plot in particular, it's bound to be important to their results.  Not all papers break the mold and find something new though!  Perhaps a trend is highly debated and a paper doesn't find it, that's a result indicating that the objects may not be evolving the way we previously thought.  There are many forms to scientific progress.

{\bf By the end of reading these last sections, you should feel comfortable saying, ``The authors find that [these objects] do the following behavior \textellipsis  This is a new result because we previously thought\textellipsis". }

\section{How to Communicate This Paper to Your Illustrious Colleagues}
Talking about a paper in journal club can be a very anxious experience for many developing scientists because they are concerned about being judged by their peers and more experienced scientists.  What if I miss an important detail?  What if I don't understand something basic?  What if its a bad paper and I can't tell because I don't know what I don't know? Remember that you're a student and it's ok to not know things.  Not only is the process of reading papers meant to educate you, the process of presenting papers is meant to connect you to external expertise.  The journey of a 1000 miles begins with a single step. This principle can also be summarized as: ``Sucking at something is the first step towards being sort of good at something.''

When it's your turn to present your paper, first let people see the title and authorship of your paper so they can look it up on their own devices if they want.  Papers are most commonly identified by first author name and year of publication so get into the habit of identifying papers in this manner.  Then your explanation should include the following highlights:

\begin{itemize}
\item{Explain the physical meaning of the problem being studied, i.e. the big picture: ``This paper is investigating [this specific problem] with [these objects]'.}
\item{Explain the data and analysis they performed: ``To address this problem, they estimated [these physical quantities] by measuring [a certain wavelength range of light, spectra, images, etc.].}
\item{Explain the physical meaning of the results: ``With these measurements, they found [these objects] were exhibiting [such and such a behavior].}
\item{Explain again how this fits into the larger picture: ``This means that these objects are evolving [in a specific way related to the original problem stated in the introduction].}
\end{itemize}

The key is to focus on the physical meaning of the investigation in the paper and don't be afraid to circle back to the original purpose of the experiment so the audience knows why this is important.  You will develop your own style of presenting a paper; this is meant as a rough scaffolding from which you can develop your own.  Don't be afraid to go through the paper in a non-linear fashion, and while you're not expected to know every detail of the paper  (or relay it to the audience), you should always know where to go to find the answer of a question from the audience.

\subsection{Plots}
Finally, deserving a paragraph in this guide for itself: PLOTS.  The quality and clarity of plots, also called figures, is highly variable, and it's your job to point the audience toward the result the authors found from the same image.  Therefore, go through important plots slowly.  First, review the X and Y axes of the plot with the audience and mention their quantities.  You can't expect the audience to understand the plot if they're reading the axes while you're explaining the image!  After the axes are described, then go through the plot legend and point out which color, line, and/or symbol is the sample of this paper in particular.  Plots will normally include many other literature comparisons.  These are useful to review, but the dataset of this paper should take precedence in your explanation.  Finally, go into the scientific meaning of the plot.  You'll notice this is a lot of setup for what may be a short discussion, but it's strongly recommended to take time describing the plot's axes and legend system for the audience.  Remember that you are not the only student in the room, and there are many subfields in astronomy.  For example, many y-axis labels use subfield specific notations that may make an extragalactic quantity incomprehensible to an exoplanets expert, and vice versa.  Not all scientists are immediately familiar with other subfield's work.

\section{Paper Management}
One thing is certain--as you grow as a scientist, you will have to sort through and manage thousands of papers. You will have papers you find personally interesting, papers that demonstrate a particular methodology, papers that highlight a particular debate, and papers that you use as the basis for your own research. The organizational method that works best for you will be as individualized as how you read the paper in the first place. There are several resources available to help with this.  In this guide, we highlight a few free services available on your personal machine or in the cloud.  These tools will eventually help you write your own papers.  It is key as a scientist to thoroughly and correctly reference related literature.

\subsection{Citation Manager: BibDesk}
BibDesk\footnote{bibdesk.sourceforge.io} is a free citation management software package where you can save the bibliographical information of papers in a single file.  This file is a .bib file directly used to create citations when you write your own works using the standard science paper typesetting system LaTeX (commonly pronounced `lay-tek' and requires a walkthrough paper of its own!).  BibDesk receives citation information by the user directly copy and pasting the citation information from the paper's ADS page, or though BibDesk's web import capability.  BibDesk can instantly copy the citation information of a paper after loading the URL of the paper's ADS homepage.

BibDesk is a recommended manager not only for its citation management, but through its search function.  You can search the titles for keywords of interest, and BibDesk will return the citations that match your search with a relevance rating.  This can be further improved by adding notes to the keywords field of a paper's bib entry.

Finally, you can create Smart Groups or Static Groups.  These are sub-collections of papers that satisfy a given text search criterion (Smart Group) or a group of papers you manually collect (Static Group).  These groups are useful tools for differentiating between papers you saved due to results, methodology, or were just cool!

\subsection{PDF Managers: Mendeley \& Zotero}
Mendeley\footnote{mendeley.com} \& Zotero\footnote{zotero.org} are paper managers similar to BibDesk, however they have the added benefit of including the full abstract in the paper bib object.   You can manage a folder on your personal machine with the paper .pdf files, and quickly retrieve the pdfs rather than going online again.  Both also have an export function to create a .bib file for use in paper writing.  Note that you have to re-export the .bib file after any changes.  While we limit our recommendations in this guide to free software, check with your department to see if they have purchased an institutional license to an online service that's available to use for students to use for free.

\subsection{Basic Text Manager: Evernote}
While BibDesk and Mendeley are useful for large collections, perhaps you want to save very detailed information or figures from a small collection of papers.  In this case, a text-based note-keeping service such as Evernote\footnote{evernote.com} may be useful. Not only can you manage text in Evernote, but you can embed images within your notes.  This is useful for recording methodology details or starting a collection of results comparisons before you start writing your own paper.  Due to being giant unformatted text files, Evernote files aren't meant as citation storage locations.

\section{Concluding Remarks}
We hope that this guide serves as a foundation as you begin to explore the world of astronomy and participate in your local discussions.   We have discussed how to discover and understand astronomy papers, how to store that information, as also how to relay it to others.  Remember, when you have read a paper and are presenting it, you are the local expert on that paper. When people ask questions, it is because they trust your expertise and are looking to you for the answer, not because they are trying to make you look foolish.  You are also not responsible for the content of the paper.  If a colleague has a disagreement with the work presented, do not interpret that as a criticism of you.

Just as the literature is a diverse realm of refereed papers, white-papers, state-of-the-field overviews and more, you too will develop your own unique way of interpretation.  While it is easy to get lost in abstract concepts, always try to ground yourself in the physical processes being discussed.  It is using these processes that scientists build a connection to our surrounding universe.   Finally, remember to be kind to yourself as you grow as a scientist and learn your newest language, science.

\section{Acknowledgements}
We would like to acknowledge the contribution of the faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students at the University of Kansas for contributing their opinions and personal experience toward the creation of this document.  This research has made use of NASA's Astrophysics Data System.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Алапа́евский район — административно-территориальная единица (район) в Свердловской области России. Административный центр — город Алапаевск, который не входит в состав района.

С точки зрения муниципального устройства, на территории района образованы два городских округа: муниципальное образование Алапаевское (с центром в городе Алапаевске) и Махнёвское муниципальное образование (с центром в пгт Махнёво). Город Алапаевск в состав района и Алапаевского муниципального образования не входит и образует отдельное муниципальное образование город Алапаевск в границах одноимённой административно-территориальной единицы.

География
Алапаевский район расположен в центральной части Свердловской области и в северо-западной части Восточного управленческого округа в составе области. Площадь Алапаевского района — 10036,2 км², что составляет около 5,17% общей площади Екатеринбуржья. Кроме того, район крупнее 6 из 85 регионов России. В южной части Алапаевского района образовано муниципальное образование Алапаевское площадью 4282,2 км², в северной — Махнёвское муниципальное образование площадью 5754 км², которые составляют 42,67% и 57,33% площади района соответственно.

Алапаевский район расположен к востоку от Уральских гор, на естественной границе Урала и Западной Сибири, в азиатской части России. В пределах района расположены нижние течения рек Нейвы и Режа, которые на юго-востоке района сливаются в одну реку — Ницу. По северной части Алапаевского района протекает река Тагил, которая на северо-востоке района впадает в Туру. Тура пересекает район, отсекая от него глубоко вдающуюся на северо-восток часть Алапаевского района. В северной и восточной частях района много болот.

Район граничит со своим административным центром — городом Алапаевском на юго-западе. От него на север, юг и запад проходят ветки Свердловской железной дороги, которые соединяют часть населённых пунктов района. Также транспортной сетью района является часть автодороги Екатеринбург — Алапаевск — Махнёво. Посёлок Махнёво находится на севере района, у пересечения железнодорожной ветки Алапаевск — Серов и реки Тагил. По правому берегу Тагила и затем реки Туры на восток от посёлка Махнёво уходит автодорога до посёлка Санкино.
В юго-западной части Алапаевского района расположен крупный посёлок Верхняя Синячиха, в районе которого были замучены и убиты представители дома Романовых и близкие к ним люди.

Также по территории Алапаевского района пролегает знаменитая Алапаевская узкоколейная железная дорога, соединяющая Алапаевск с труднодоступной северо-восточной частью района.

Алапаевский район граничит:
 на севере — с Гаринским районом,
 на северо-востоке — с Таборинским районом,
 на востоке — с Туринским районом,
 на юго-востоке — с Ирбитским районом,
 на юге — с Артёмовским районом,
 на юго-западе — с Режевским районом, административно-территориальной единицей город Алапаевск и Пригородным районом,
 на западе — с Верхнесалдинским районом и административно-территориальной единицей город Нижняя Салда,
 на северо-западе — с Верхотурским и Серовским районами.

Население

Численность населения района в рамках МО Алапаевское и Махнёвское МО по данным на  год составляет  человек.

История

Алапаевский район

Алапаевский район был образован в декабре 1923 года в составе Верхотурского округа Уральской области РСФСР. В его состав вошла часть территории бывшего Алапаевского уезда Екатеринбургской губернии. Район был разделён на город (Алапаевск), 2 посёлка (Верхняя Синячиха и Нейво-Шайтанский) и 27 сельсоветов.

В 1930 году округа были упразднены и Алапаевский район перешёл в прямое подчинение Уральской области. В том же году к Алапаевскому району был присоединён Костинский район.

17 января 1934 года Алапаевский район был отнесён к Свердловской области. 10 мая того же года к Алапаевскому району был присоединён Махнёвский район.

25 января 1935 года был восстановлен Махнёвский район. В результате Алапаевский район стал включать город Алапаевск, 2 посёлка (Верхняя Синячиха и Нейво-Шайтанский) и 27 сельсоветов (Алапаихинский, Арамашевский, Бобровский, Бутаковский, Вогульский, Голубковский, Грязнухинский, Деевский, Катышкинский, Клевакинский, Коптеловский, Костинский, Мелкозеровский, Михайловский, Монастырский, Невьянский, Нижнесинячихинский, Останинский, Первуновский, Раскатихинский, Толмачевский, Чечулинский, Яланский, Ялунинский, Ярославский, Ясашинский и Ячменевский).

20 мая 1936 года в Мелкозеровский сельсовет было передано селение Ивановка из Арамашковского сельсовета Режевского района.

22 апреля 1937 года были образованы пос. при Асбестовском руднике был преобразован в рабочий посёлок и переименован в Красноозёрск, пос. при Зыряновском железном руднике и селение Зыряновка были объединены в рп Нейво-Горняцкий.

16 января 1939 года выс. Овинный из Мироновского сельсовета Егоршинского района был передан в Арамашевский сельсовет Алапаевского района.

16 сентября 1939 года из части Чечулинского сельсовета были образованы Мураткинский и Строкинский сельсоветы. В Мураткинский сельсовет вошли: пос. Мураткинский (центр), бараки 105 лесного квартала и химлеспрома, погрузочная будка, посёлки лесных участков и углевыжигательных печей — Бобровская группа, Дощённый, Картомский (колхоз «Красный партизан»), Подкур и ж.д. ст. Октябрьская; в Строкинский сельсовет: с. Строкинское (центр), бараки 22, 32, 39, 43 лесных кварталов, бараки Глухой Балки, Сухой Балки, Чащинский и Шмановский, ж.д. будки 40 и 44 км, ж.д. ст. Ельничная, посёлки лесных участков и углевыжигательных печей Балакинский, Белоусовский, Большой Урал, Бобровский, Боровский, Бугринский, Вогульский, Гаранинский, Дедюхинский, Кыртомский, Паньшинский, Пустынский, Рудная речка, Рудная группа, Травянский, Хмелёвский, Чащинский, Черемшанский и Чернышевский; в Чечулинский сельсовет вошли: с. Чечулино (центр), ж.д. будки 4, 5, 15, 24 и 34 км, ж.д. станции Болотная, Мугай и Советская, лесные бараки 7 и 71 кварталов и 45 версты, населённые пункты, посёлки лесных кварталов и углевыжигательнных печей Брёховский, Вязовский, Гаёвский, Искинский, Листвянский, Луковский, Малосеверский, Мугайский, Озёрский, Осиновский, Рассохинский, Реунок, Тимошина, Флюсовского рудника.

15 января 1941 года пос. Зыряновского рудника был преобразован в рп Зыряновский. 7 марта Раскатихинский с/с был передан в Егоршинский район. 11 марта город Алапаевск был отнесён к категории городов областного подчинения и выведен из состава Алапаевского района. В подчинение к Алапаевску также были отнесены рп Верхняя Синячиха, Нейво-Шайтанский и Зыряновский. 6 июня населённый пункт при Асбестовском руднике был преобразован в рп Асбестовский.

Указами Президиума ВС РСФСР от 18 ноября и 25 ноября 1944 года Арамашевский, Бутаковский, Вогульский, Грязнухинский, Деевский, Катышкинский, Клевакинский, Коптеловский, Костинский, Ялунинский, Ярославский и Ячменевский с/с были переданы в новообразованный Коптеловский район. Рабочий посёлок Верхняя Синячиха; Бобровский, Голубковский, Михалевский, Монастырский, Муратковский, Невьянский, Нижнесинячихинский, Останинский, Первухинский, Строкинский, Чечулинский, Яланский и Ясашный с/с были переданы в новообразованный Синячихинский район.

15 января 1945 года Алапаевский район был упразднён, а его территория разделена между Коптеловским и Синячихинским районами.

9 марта 1959 года Синячихинский район был переименован в Алапаевский. При этом он был упразднён как управленческая единица (присоединён к Алапаевскому горсовету), но сохранён как территориальная.

28 октября 1960 года были зарегистрированы населённые пункты:

 в Верхнесинячихинском поссовете — пос. Коврижный;
 в Зыряновском поссовете — пос. Пионерский и Омутной;
 в Нейво-Шайтанском поссовете — пос. Берёзовский, Баканов Ключ, Ватиха и ж.д. станция-пос. Кедровка;
 в Бобровском сельсовете — кордон Бобровский;
 в Невьянском сельсовете — пос. Гремячево;
 в Нижнесинячихинском сельсовете — пос. Дачный;
 в Муратковском сельсовете — пос. Квартал 105-й и Лиственка;
 в Останинском сельсовете — пос. Дружба;
 в Толмачёвском сельсовете — пос. Заря и Новоямово;
 в подчинении Алапаевского горсовета — пос. Большая Вогулка, Малая Вогулка, Каменка, Гончарный, Каменский и Харловка.

13 января 1961 года:

 Бобровский сельсовет был объединён с Монастырским, Калачинский с Санкинским;
 Мелкозеровский и Ключевский сельсоветы были упразднены; населённые пункты бывшего Мелкозеровского сельсовета Устьянчики, Маёвка, Малая Ленёвка и Ленёвка были переданы в Зыряновский поссовет, а с. Мелкозерово - в Асбестовский; населённые пункты Водяновский, Озеро и Хромистый бывшего Ключевского сельсовета были переданы в Асбестовский поссовет, а д.Ключи и кордон Мостовая - в Нейво-Алапаихинский сельсовет;
 населённые пункты Старики, Нейво-Алапаихинский кордон и ж.д. будка 6 км Зыряновской ветки были переданы из Алапаихинского сельсовета в Зыряновский поссовет;
 центр Нейво-Алапаихинского сельсовета был перенесён в пос. Западный, Нейво-Алапаихинский сельсовет переименован в Западный;
 населённый пункт Нейво-Алапаиха был включён в городскую черту Алапаевска;
 центр Мугайского сельсовета был перенесён в пос. Зенковка, переименовать Мугайский сельсовет переименован в Зенковский.

25 июня 1962 года с. Монастырское было переименовано в Кировское. 27 июля Монастырский сельсовет был переименован в Кировский.

1 февраля 1963 года был создан Алапаевский сельский район. В его состав вошли Голубковский, Западный, Кировский, Невьянский, Нижнесинячихинский, Останинский и Толмачевский с/с Алапаевского горсовета; Боярский, Бичурский, Лебедкинский, Мироновский, Мостовской, Писанский, Покровский, Трифоновский и Шогринский с/с Артёмовского горсовета; Арамашевский, Деевский, Коптеловский, Костинский и Раскатихинский с/с Коптеловского района; Болотовский, Гаевский, Измоденовский, Кишкинский, Махневский, Мугайский и Фоминский сельсоветы Махневского района; Арамашковский, Глинский, Каменский, Клевакинский, Леневский, Липовский, Останинский, Першинский, Фирсовский и Черемисский с/с Режевского района.

18 мая был образован посёлок Сосновый Бор. 18 октября в посёлок был перенесён центр Боярского сельсовета, сельсовет был переименован в Сосновоборский. Д. Боярка, пос. Металлист, Строитель, Липовские Печи, квартал 75 и Озерской бывшего Боярского сельсовета были переданы в подчинение Красногвардейского поссовета г. Артёмовского.

19 марта 1964 года Шогринский сельсовет был объединён с Мостовским (центр с. Мостовское); Писанский с Сосновоборским (центр с. Сосновый Бор); Бичурский с Лебёдкинским (центр с. Лебёдкино).

20 июля населённый пункт Лисава был передан из Трифоновского сельсовета в Мостовской.

13 января 1965 года Алапаевский сельский район был преобразован в Алапаевский район. При этом часть его территории была передана восстановленным Артёмовскому и Режевскому районам, а также городу областного подчинения Алапаевску.

4 марта 1966 года пос. Дружба был передан из Останинского сельсовета в Толмачёвский. 8 июля центр Рычковского сельсовета был перенесён в пос. Бубчиково с переименованием сельсовета в Бубчиковский. 30 сентября д. Малая Леневка была передана из Зыряновского поссовета г. Алапаевска в Деевский сельсовет Алапаевского района.

13.01.1967 – Решение облисполкома №6

Деревни Елань и Первунова переданы из состава Кировского сельсовета в административно-территориальное подчинение Невьянского сельсовета; деревни Манькова и Михалева из Невьянского сельсовета - в Голубковский сельсовет.

В 1968—1975 годах были образованы 8 новых сельсоветов, 1 сельсовет упразднён, а Махнёвский с/с преобразован в поселковый совет.

25 января 1968 года был образован Самоцветный сельсовет, в состав которого вошли пос. Курорта «Самоцвет» (центр сельсовета), ж.д. ст. Самоцвет, ж.д. будки 147 км, деревень Нагорная и Подгорная, переданные из Арамашевского сельсовета.

27 июня село Махнёво было отнесено к категории рабочих посёлков. Махнёвский сельсовет был преобразован в поссовет.

30 декабря 1968 года были образованы Калачинский и Берёзовский сельсоветы; в состав Калачинского сельсовета вошли пос. Калач (центр сельсовета) и Романовский, д. Шамейная, переданные из Санкинского сельсовета; в состав Берёзовского сельсовета вошли поселков Бер. (центр сельсовета), Бугры и Паньшино, переданные из Строкинского сельсовета.

12 июня 1969 года пос. Бакарюка был передан из Санкинского сельсовета Алапаевского района в Восточный поссовет Серовского района.

15 апреля 1971 года пос. Бугры и Паньшино были переданы из Берёзовского сельсовета в Строкинский.

9 марта 1972 года пос. Таёжный и Октябрьский были исключены из Карпунинского поссовета Верхотурского района и образовали Таёжный сельсовет Алапаевского района.

11 октября были упразднены: пос. Винокурово и д. Гора Малыгина, Гора Харапугина, Дедюхина, Малая Ерзовка, Немчинова Махнёвского поссовета; д. Митькина и Савина Болотовского сельсовета; пос. Рассоха Бубчиковского сельсовета; пос. Черемша Гаранинского сельсовета; д. Малая Ленёвка Деевского сельсовета; пос. Мугай и Реунок Зенковского сельсовета; д. Балакина, Губина и Мурашова Измоденовского сельсовета; д. Белякова, Боровая, Липовка, Мостовая, Согра, Чикман и пос. Кордон Кировского сельсовета; д. Лиханка Коптеловского сельсовета; д. Разумная Костинского сельсовета; д. Гигина и Закожурникова Мугайского сельсовета; пос. Квартал 105, Кыртомка, Листвянка, Монастырь-Бобровка Муратковского сельсовета; пос. Гремячий Невьянского сельсовета; д. Нагорная Самоцветного сельсовета; пос. Бектяшево Санкинского сельсовета; пос. Бугры, Кыртомка, Паньшино Строкинского сельсовета; д. Ямово Толмачёвского сельсовета; дер. Еловка, Ершова, Малая Черемисина, Новоселова, Поварня Фоминского сельсовета; пос. Таёжный Хабарчихинского сельсовета; пос. Полудёнка Ясашинского сельсовета.

12 апреля 1973 года:

 пос. Каменский и Рассоха были переданы из состава пригородной зоны Алапаевска в Толмачёвский сельсовет Алапаевского района;
 пос. Мирный Хабарчихинского сельсовета был включён в черту Махнёва;
 пос. Октябрьский был передан из Таёжного сельсовета в Хабарчихинский;
 пос .Лесхимкомбинат Верхнесинячихинского поссовета был включён в черту Верхней Синячихи;
 д. Устье и Балакина Нижнесинячихинского сельсовета были объединены с с. Нижняя Синячиха;
 из Коптеловского сельсовета был выделен Елунинский, в состав которого вошли с. Ялунинского (центр сельсовета) и д. Вогулки;
 из Махнёвского поссовета был выделен Большеерзовский сельсовет, в состав которого вошли д. Большая Ерзовка (центр сельсовета), Боровая, Гора Коробейникова, Горсткина, Карпихина, Кокшарова, Подкина, Перевалова и Трошкова;
 пос. Рассоха Толмачёвского сельсовета и д. Камельская Гаёвского сельсовета были упразднены.

20 сентября из Большеерзовского сельсовета был выделен Кокшаровский, в состав которого вошли д. Кокшарова (центр сельсовета), Боровая, Перевалова, Подкина и Трошкова, переданных из состава Большеерзовского сельсовета.

27 февраля 1975 года был Гаёвский сельсовет был объединён с Мугайским, д. Орехова бывшего сельсовета была упразднена.

30 декабря 1976 года были упразднены: пос. Осиновка Верхнесинячихинского поссовета, д. Норицына Болотовского сельсовета, д. Юдина Голубковского сельсовета, пос. Северка Зенковского сельсовета, д. Белоусова, Камень, Лобан, Охорзина, Фексина Измоденовского сельсовета, д. Шамейная Калачинского сельсовета, д. Рудная Кировского сельсовета, д. Калганова, Копырина Кишкинского сельсовета, д. Мезень, пос. Привольский Костинского сельсовета, пос. Майка, Подкур Муратковского сельсовета, д. Куликова, Подкорытова Останинского сельсовета, д. Луговая Фоминского сельсовета, пос. Юкон Хабарчихинского сельсовета, д. Новосеверная, Ясашная Ясашинского сельсовета.

9 февраля 1977 года были уточнены как правильные наименования: д. Косякова (вместо д. Косикова(о)) Арамашевского сельсовета, д. Рычково (вместо с. Рычково) Бубчиковского сельсовета, д. Манькова (вместо д. Манькова(о)) Голубковского сельсовета, д. Мокина (вместо д. Мокина(о)) Голубковского сельсовета, д. Молтаево (вместо пос. Молтаево) Деевского сельсовета, с. Измоденово (вместо д. Измоденова) Измоденовского сельсовета, д. Комарова (вместо с. Комарово) Измоденовского сельсовета, пос. Мугайское (вместо пос. ж.д. ст. Мугайская) Измоденовского сельсовета, д. Шипицына (вместо с. Шипицыно) Измоденовского сельсовета, пос. Калач (вместо с. Калач) Калачинского сельсовета, с. Клевакино (вместо с. Клевакинское) Костинского сельсовета, д. Фоминка (вместо д. Фомина) Костинского сельсовета, с. Ярославль (вместо с. Ярославское) Костинского сельсовета, с. Мугай (вместо с. Мугай(ское)) Мугайского сельсовета, д. Гаёво (вместо с. Гаёво)) Мугайского сельсовета, с. Раскатиха (вместо д. Раскатиха) Раскатихинского сельсовета, д. Гостьково (вместо с. Гостьково) Раскатихинского сельсовета, д. Подгорная (вместо д. Подгорная(ое)) Самоцветного сельсовета, д. Афончикова (вместо д. Болотова (Афончикова)) Санкинского сельсовета, пос. Чернышовка (вместо пос. Чернышёвка) Строкинского сельсовета, пос. Дружба (вместо д. Дружба) Толмачёвского сельсовета, пос. Заря (вместо д. Заря) Толмачёвского сельсовета.

23 февраля д. Заякина и Чечулина были включены в черту Верхней Синячихи, д. Костина в черту Махнёва.

1 апреля в Деевском сельсовете пос. Курорт «Озеро Молтаево» был объединён с пос. Маёвка.

Объединить фактически слившиеся населенные пункты и присвоить им названия: пос. Маевка и пос. Курорт «Озеро Молтаево» — в пос. Маевка Деевского сельсовета.

2 февраля 1978 года было внесено уточнение в наименование: пос. Мугайское (вместо пос. ж.д. ст. Мугайская) Измоденовского сельсовета.

29 марта в Ясашинском поссовета был восстановлен ранее упразднённый пос. Полуденка Ясашинского сельсовета; в Коптеловском сельсовете был упразднён пос. Рябиновка.

23 августа 1982 года были упразднены: д. Семёновка Кировского сельсовета, пос. Романовский Калачинского сельсовета, д. Берстенева Мугайского сельсовета, д. Бабинова Невьянского сельсовета, пос. Флюсовый Верхнесинячихинского поссовета, д. Подгорная Самоцветного сельсовета, д. Черемисина Фоминского сельсовета, пос. Октябрьский Хабарчихинского сельсовета.

17 июня 1985 года центр Строкинского сельсовета был перенесён в пос. Ельничная, сельсовет переименован в Ельничный.

Муниципальные образования

6 августа 1995 года Алапаевский район получил статус муниципального образования. Муниципальное образование было включено в областной реестр муниципальных образований 10 ноября 1996 года.

31 декабря 2004 года Алапаевский район был наделён статусом городского округа.

1 января 2006 года городской округ был переименован в Алапаевское муниципальное образование, а с 1 января 2009 года — разделён на муниципальное образование Алапаевское и Махнёвское муниципальное образование.

Населённые пункты, административно-территориальное устройство

В Алапаевском районе 113 населённых пунктов — 2 посёлка городского типа и 111 сельских. До 1 октября 2017 года населённые пункты делились на 31 сельсовет, 2 посёлка городского типа, из которых статусом рабочего посёлка был наделён один, и сельские населённые пункты в подчинении пгт.

Административно-территориальное устройство до 1.10.2017

Населённые пункты

Рабочий посёлок Верхняя Синячиха, посёлки Бабушкино, Советская (посёлок станции, упразднён), деревня Тимошина в СССР образовывали Верхнесинячихинский поссовет, рабочий посёлок Махнёво, посёлок Ерзовка, деревня Шмакова образовывали Махнёвский поссовет. Поссоветы были также упомянуты в законе от от 13 апреля 2017 года № 35-ОЗ, касавшемся административно-территориальных преобразований.

В июле 2004 года посёлок рабочий Махнёво преобразован в сельский населённый пункт, однако в октябре 2007 года вторично становится посёлком городского типа.

С 1 октября 2017 года сельсоветы, а также статус рабочего посёлка у Верхней Синячихи были упразднены.

 Упразднённые населённые пункты

Посёлок станции Советская. Дата упразднения неизвестна, в справочнике по административно-территориальному устройству после 1990 года не значится.

7 августа 1996 года были упразднены посёлок Карьер (Бубчиковского сельсовета), деревни Лопатова и Нижний Яр (Кировского сельсовета), деревня Сидорова и село Гаёво (Мугайского сельсовета).

27 ноября 2001 года на территории района были упразднены посёлки Бобровский (Гаранинского сельсовета) и Октябрь (Муратковского сельсовета).

12 октября 2004 года на территории района были упразднены посёлки Бакарюка и Нижнеозёрный (на уровне административно-территориального устройства находившиеся в подчинении рабочего посёлка Восточного в составе Серовского района).

19 декабря 2016 года законом Свердловской области № 143-ОЗ деревня Швецова была присоединена к селу Кировскому.

2 августа 2019 года законом Свердловской области № 65-ОЗ был упразднён посёлок Бабушкино.

Информация об административно-территориальной принадлежности упразднённых населённых пунктов взята из сборника областного административно-территориального устройства на 1987 год.

Примечания

Ссылки

 История Алапаевского муниципального образования
 Справочник по АТД Свердловской области
 НСА / Справочник по административно-территориальному делению / Алапаевский район

Районы Свердловской области
Упразднённые муниципальные районы Свердловской области
Муниципальные районы, упразднённые в 2004 году

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Janice Grote passed away April 10.2004. Janice was killed by a drunk driver.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Janice Grote. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Janice Grote. We created this page automatically in hopes Janice Grote would find it. If you are not Janice Grote, but are an alumni of Whitmer High School, register on this site for free now.


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text:
Area: NORTHWEST
Location: Sandoval County
Eco-Region: Rio Grande Watershed
Conservation Values: Agriculture, Scenic Open Space
Type of Project: Purchased Conservation Easement
Date Completed: October, 2005
The Minge property is located near the middle of the Village of Corrales, a traditional northern New Mexican community located in the Rio Grande River valley between the booming metropolitan cities of Albuquerque and Rio Rancho. The property is currently leased for agricultural production and affords spectacular views of the Sandia Mountains which rise to more than 10,000 feet. The property is adjacent to the Casa San Ysidro Museum and across the street from the historic San Ysidro Church, both of which are Village landmarks and listed on the National and State Registers of Historic Buildings. When explaining why he sold an easement on his land next to the historic Casa San Ysidro Museum, which he also helped create, landowner Alan Minge said "The farmland program will greatly enhance the entire community and Corrales is to be commended for supporting it."
He also noted that Albuquerque Museum officials had expressed an interest in seeing land adjacent to Casa San Ysidro remain in traditional agriculture. "There was always the thought in everybody's mind that those fields would make an excellent place for continuing traditional farming. I think the museum would like to have an area to demonstrate traditional farming to visitors. I hope it will continue to enhance the community for ages to come."
This easement was purchased by the Village of Corrales through its Farmland Preservation Program with assistance from NMLC and the Corrales Farmland Preservation Committee, and subsequently conveyed to the NMLC. The purpose of the Corrales Farmland Preservation Program is to preserve and protect the farmland, open space and viewsheds of the Village of Corrales in order to maintain its agricultural and rural character. Funding for the acquisition of the easement was provided by the Village of Corrales through funding generated from a local bond measure, and a federal grant through the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Farm and Ranchland Protection Program, administered by the U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Grant_for_Village_of_Corrales_and_NMLC.pdf
Farmland_and_Open_Space_Protected_in_Corrales.pdf
NORTHWEST REGION HOME ALL PROJECTS

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hiya! I'm Kya, nice to meet you.
I am your everyday Buddy the Elf meets Jessica Day from New Girl. And YES I have tried maple syrup on spaghetti & its actually delicious. I also have an obnoxious amount of vintage clothing. I live in MI aka the mitten state & spend my free time sandwiched between my Boyfriend Alex and our Siberian Husky aka our son, Fenrir. My natural habitat is LOTS of cuddling with my boys & smashing food in between every arcade game me & Alex can get our hands on.
-Movie Scene Flashback- Itty bitty Kya with a disposable camera, awkward High School Kya with an outdated Canon, & still awkward but older Kya with an upgraded Canon. After years of exploring what I wanted to be an expert in I found it in listening to endless love stories, 3rd wheeling on adventures with rad couples, and capturing each unique spark between two people so beyond head over heels in love.
Late night taco runs, first date moment that still leave you smiling ear to ear, to the endless cuddles while watching The Office for the millionth time. I want to capture more than a pretty picture. I want to capture your love story in every season of your life. The moments that take your breathe away. The raw unfiltered love.
My artistic style is to create captured moments not awkward poses. I want to celebrate with you! We will create an adventure together that is filled with every quirk you love about each other, endless dad jokes (Did you hear about the restaurant on the moon? Great food, no atmosphere.), the sparks between each laugh, and lets not forget eating your favorite foods. I want to give you space to be exactly who you are together.
I choose looking through the lens with my heart vs mimicking a Pinterest moment.
I want people to look at your image and see your love story mixed with both of your personalities as if Maroon 5 wrote a love song just for you!
If you're like, UM YES I'VE GOT MAD FEELS RIGHT NOW! Then lets start planning your adventure!
and I am all about the butterflies.
Lets get a coffee & chat!
Yes. This is Alex (my Boyfriend). Yes. We are a team. And yes. I do believe he is the raddest second shooter that ever walked this earth! I am so thankful to get to work side by side with him. He always thinks bigger picture & captures the moment from another perspective that is full of warmth & speaks to the moment at a larger scale.
We have been a team for 2 years and have traveled, explored new locations, and even co-directed a music video together. We are madly in love (yup the gooey mushy make you want to vomit kind) and are best friends. We are ready to travel hand in hand and celebrate your love story with you!


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Alibre Atom3D
3D CAD for Workshops
Powerful and precise design for 3D- printing, CNC, and more.
$149FeaturesTry
Alibre Workshop
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Easy and powerful CAD and CAM to go from design to milling in one package.
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Cavey's Clubs
‣ Matt Blake turns his hobby and passion into a business
‣ Custom guitars and bass guitars wow musicians
‣ Alibre Design and CAM bring each unique creation to life
Matt Blake carves out a niche with Alibre and CNC
One could call Matt Blake a luthier – a builder of custom guitars – but one thing you can't call him is a guitarist. "I'm actually a bass player," he says. "but my guitar friends kept complaining that I wasn't making them any guitars, so that's what I'm mostly doing now. I don't know how to play them, but I can build them."
Most in demand these days are Blake's semi-hollow body guitars, with a deeper and warmer sound like acoustics but solid electric pickups. The designs have a noticeably unique style of construction, for instance, the pick guard – normally just a detachable piece of plastic on most semi-hollow bodies – is integrated into the wood of the neck as one continuous piece. Unique too is how Blake produces the instrument. He drafts out a 3D representation of his idea in Alibre Design first and then machine-cuts each major component.
Blake did not start with intentions of selling his work. He started making instruments simply as something to do in his spare time.
"I built my first instrument all by hand — it was my therapy during my divorce," laughs Blake. "Everybody liked the guitar. Everybody said I should be building these for other people." Since then, he has made 15 custom guitars and basses for other players and recently brought a few of his newer models for sale at a Nashville trade show.
After his first handmade project, Blake decided to model the guitar first and precision-cut the wood components on his CNC machine, which he had used primarily to build 2D projects like cabinets. He tried to learn the 3D module that came with his CAM software but had a hard time picking up the basics.
"I even had the training discs with BobCAD, but it was still very frustrating to learn. So when I looked for a new 3D application, I checked out the online forums of the software to make sure that there weren't a lot of complaints about the program. Alibre Design was one of the first I looked at. The price was good, and other people seemed to like it, so I went for it."
With no prior experience with parametric modeling, Blake taught himself as he went along, spending an hour or so in the evenings tweaking the details of his guitar. After six months, he could confidently form everything he needed in the assembly.
"It's most challenging to build the wavy surface of the body," he says. "Still something I'm trying to master, but the ones I've done have been turning out all right."
While the assembly, sanding, and finishing work are much the same as traditional instrument making, modeling and machining basic parts cut out a lot of do-overs out of the process in its early stages.
"Once I finish a model, I can cut out the pieces, drill the switch holes, and everything fits together as designed. The instruments turn out looking good, they sound good, they play well. I couldn't be doing what I'm doing if it not for a program like Alibre Design."
"I even had the training discs with BobCAD, but it was still very frustrating to learn. Alibre Design was one of the first 3D modelers I looked at. The price was good, and other people seemed to like it, so I went for it."
Matt Blake
Cavey's Clubs
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text:
Orson Welles' Mercury Theatre Broadcast of H.G. Wells'
The Original New York Times Article
A wave of mass hysteria seized thousands of radio listeners between 8:15 and 9:30 o'clock last night when a broadcast of a dramatization of H. G. Wells's fantasy, "The War of the Worlds," led thousands to believe that an interplanetary conflict had started with invading Martians spreading wide death and destruction in New Jersey and New York.
The broadcast, which disrupted households, interrupted religious services, created traffic jams and clogged communications systems, was made by Orson Welles, who as the radio character, "The Shadow," used to give "the creeps" to countless child listeners. This time at least a score of adults required medical treatment for shock and hysteria.
In Newark, in a single block at Heddon Terrace and Hawthorne Avenue, more than twenty families rushed out of their houses with wet handkerchiefs and towels over their faces to flee from what they believed was to be a gas raid. Some began moving household furniture.
Throughout New York families left their homes, some to flee to near-by parks. Thousands of persons called the police, newspapers and radio stations here and in other cities of the United States and Canada seeking advice on protective measures against the raids.
The program was produced by Mr. Welles and the Mercury Theatre on the Air over station WABC and the Columbia Broadcasting System's coast-to-coast network, from 8 to 9 o'clock.
The radio play, as presented, was to simulate a regular radio program with a "break-in" for the material of the play. The radio listeners, apparently, missed or did not listen to the introduction, which was: "The Columbia Broadcasting System and its affiliated stations present Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre on the Air in `The War of the Worlds' by H. G. Wells."
They also failed to associate the program with the newspaper listening of the program, announced as "Today: 8:00-9:00--Play: H. G. Wells's `War of the Worlds'--WABC." They ignored three additional announcements made during the broadcast emphasizing its fictional nature.
Mr. Welles opened the program with a description of the series of which it is a part. The simulated program began. A weather report was given, prosaically. an announcer remoarked that the program would be continued from a hotel, with dance music. for a few moments a dance program was given in the usual manner. Then there was a "break-in" with a "flash" about a professor at an observatory noting a series of gas explosions on the planet Mars.
News bulletins and scene broadcasts followed, reporting, with the technique in which the radio had reported actual events, the landing of a "meteor" near Princeton N. J., "killing" 1,500 persons, the discovery that the "meteor" was a "metal cylinder" containing strange creatures from Mars armed with "death rays" to open hostilities against the inhabitants of the earth.
Despite the fantastic nature of the reported "occurrences," the program, coming after the recent war scare in Europe and a period in which the radio frequently had interrupted regularly scheduled programs to report developments in the Czechosolvak situation, caused fright and panic throughout the area of the broadcast.
Telephone lines were tied up with calls from listeners or persons who had heard of the broadcasts. Many sought first to verify the reports. But large numbers, obviously in a state of terror, asked how they could follow the broadcast's advice and flee from the city, whether they would be safer in the "gas raid" in the cellar or on the roof, how they could safeguard their children, and many of the questions which had been worrying residents of London and Paris during the tense days before the Munich agreement.
So many calls came to newspapers and so many newspapers found it advisable to check on the reports despite their fantastic content that The Associated Press sent out the following at 8:48 P. M.:
"Note to Editors: Queries to newspapers from radio listeners throughout the United States tonight, regarding a reported meteor fall which killed a number of New Jerseyites, are the result of a studio dramatization. The A. P."
Similarly police teletype systems carried notices to all stationhouses, and police short-wave radio stations notified police radio cars that the event was imaginary.
Message From the Police
The New York police sent out the following:
"To all receivers: Station WABC informs us that the broadcast just concluded over that station was a dramatization of a play. No cause for alarm."
The New Jersey State Police teletyped the following:
"Note to all receivers--WABC broadcast as drama re this section being attacked by residents of Mars. Imaginary affair."
From one New York theatre a manager reported that a throng of playgoers had rushed from his theatre as a result of the broadcast. He said that the wives of two men in the audience, having heard the broadcast, called the theatre and insisted that their husbands be paged. This spread the "news" to others in the audience.
The switchboard of The New York Times was overwhelmed by the calls. A total of 875 were received. One man who called from Dayton, Ohio, asked, "What time will it be the end of the world?" A caller from the suburbs said he had had a houseful of guests and all had rushed out to the yard for safety.
Warren Dean, a member of the American Legion living in Manhattan, who telephoned to verify the "reports," expressed indignation which was typical of that of many callers.
"I've heard a lot of radio programs, but I've never heard anything as rotten as that," Mr. Dean said. "It was too realistic for comfort. They broke into a dance program with a news flash. Everybody in my house was agitated by the news. It went on just like press radio news."
At 9 o'clock a woman walked into the West Forty-seventh Street police station dragging two children, all carrying extra clothing. She said she was ready to leave the city. Police persuaded her to stay.
A garbled version of the reports reached the Dixie Bus terminal, causing officials there to prepare to change their schedule on confirmation of "news" of an accident at Princeton on their New Jersey route. Miss Dorothy Brown at the terminal sought verification, however, when the caller refused to talk with the dispatcher, explaining to here that "the world is coming to an end and I have a lot to do."
Harlem Shaken By the "News"
Harlem was shaken by the "news." Thirty men and women rushed into the West 123d Street police station and twelve into the West 135th Street station saying they had their household goods packed and were all ready to leave Harlem if the police would tell them where to go to be "evacuated." One man insisted he had heard "the President's voice" over the radio advising all citizens to leave the cities.
The parlor churches in the Negro district, congregations of the smaller sects meeting on the ground floors of brownstone houses, took the "news" in stride as less faithful parishioners rushed in with it, seeking spiritual consolation. Evening services became "end of the world" prayer meetings in some.
One man ran into the Wadsworth Avenue Police Station in Washington Heights, white with terror, crossing the Hudson River and asking what he should do. A man came in to the West 152d Street Station, seeking traffic directions. The broadcast became a rumor that spread through the district and many persons stood on street corners hoping for a sight of the "battle" in the skies.
In Queens the principal question asked of the switchboard operators at Police Headquarters was whether "the wave of poison gas will reach as far as Queens." Many said they were all packed up and ready to leave Queens when told to do so.
Samuel Tishman of 100 Riverside Drive was one of the multitude that fled into the street after hearing part of the program. He declared that hundreds of persons evacuated their homes fearing that the "city was being bombed."
"I came home at 9:15 P.M. just in time to receive a telephone call from my nephew who was frantic with fear. He told me the city was about to be bombed from the air and advised me to get out of the building at once. I turned on the radio and heard the bradcast which coroborated what my nephew had said, grabbed my hat and coat and a few personal belongings and ran to the elevator. When I got to the street there were hundreds of people milling around in panic. Most of us ran toward Broadway and it was not until we stopped taxi drivers who had heard the entire broadcast on their radios that we knew what it was all about. It was the most asinine stunt I ever heard of."
"I heard that broadcast and almost had a heart attack," said Louis Winkler of 1,322 Clay Avenue, the Bronx. "I didn't tune it in until the program was half over, but when I heard the names and titles of Federal, State and municipal officials and when the `Secretary of the Interior' was introduced, I was convinced it was the McCoy. I ran out into the street with scores of others, and found people running in all directions. The whole thing came over as a news broadcast and in my mind it was a pretty crummy thing to do."
The Telegraph Bureau switchboard at police headquarters in Manhattan, operated by thirteen men, was so swamped with calls from apprehensive citizens inquiring about the broadcast that police business was seriously interfered with.
Headquarters, unable to reach the radio station by telephone, sent a radio patrol car there to ascertain the reason for the reaction to the program. When the explanation was given, a police message was sent to all precincts in the five boroughs advising the commands of the cause.
"They're Bombing New Jersey!"
Patrolman John Morrison was on duty at the switchboard in the Bronx Police Headquarters when, as he afterward expressed it, all the lines became busy at once. Among the first who answered was a man who informed him:
"How do you know?" Patrolman Morrison inquired.
"I heard it on the radio," the voice at the other end of the wire replied. "Then I went to the roof and I could see the smoke from the bombs, drifting over toward New York. What shall I do?"
The patrolman calmed the caller as well as he could, then asnwered other inquiries from persons who wanted to know whether the reports of a bombardment were true, and if so where they should take refuge.
At Brooklyn police headquarters, eight men assigned to the monitor switchboard estimated that they had answered more than 800 inquiries from persons who had been alarmed by the broadcast. A number of these, the police said, came from motorists who had heard the program over their car radios and were alarmed both for themselves and for persons at their homes. Also, the Brooklyn police reported, a preponderance of the calls seemed to come from women.
The National Broadcasting Company reported that men stationed at the WJZ transmitting station at Bound Brook, N. J., had received dozens of calls from residents of that area. The transmitting station communicated with New York an passed the information that there was no cuase for alarm to the persons who inquired later.
Meanwhile the New York telephone operators of the company found their switchboards swamped with incoming demands for information, although the NBC system had no part in the program.
Record Westchester Calls
The State, county, parkway and local police in Westchester Counter were swamped also with calls from terrified residents. Of the local police departments, Mount Vernon, White Plains, Mount Kisco, Yonkers and Tarrytown received most of the inquiries. At first the authorities thought they were being made the victims of a practical joke, but hwen the calls persisted an dincreased in volume they began to make inquiries. The New York Telephone Company reported that it had never handled so many calls in one hour in years in Westchester.
One man called the Mount Vernon Police Headquarters to find out "where the forty policement were killed"; another said he brother was ill in bed listening to the broadcast and when he heard the reports he got into an automobile and "disappeared." "I'm nearly crazy!" the caller exclaimed.
Because some of the inmates took the catastrophic reports seriously as they came over the radio, some of the hospitals and the county penitentiary ordered that the radios be turned off.
Thousands of calls came in to Newark Police Headquarters. These were not only from the terrorstricken. Hundreds of physicians and nurses, believing the reports to be true, called to volunteer their services to aid the "injured." City ofifcials also claled in to make "emergency" arrangements for the population. Radio cars were stopped by the panicky throughout that city.
Jersey City police headquarters received similiar clals. One woman asked detective Timothy Grooty, on duty there, "Shall I close my windows?" A man asked, "Have the police any extra gas masks?" Many of the callers, on being assured the reports were fiction, queried again and again, uncertain in whom to believe.
Scores of persons in lower Newark Avenue, Jersey City, left their homes and stood fearfully in the street, looking with apprehension toward the sky. A radio car was dispatched there to reassure them.
The incident at Hedden Terrace and Hawthorne Avenue, in Newark, one of the most dramatic in the area, caused a tie-up in traffic for blocks around. the more than twenty families there apparently believed the "gas attack" had started, and so reported to the police. An ambulance, three radio cars and a police emergency squad of eight men were sent to the scene with full inhalator apparatus.
They found the families with wet cloths on faces contorted with hysteria. The police calmed them, halted the those who were attempting to move thier furniture on their cars and after a time were able to clear the traffic snarl.
At St. Michael's Hospital, High Street and Central Avenue, in the heart of the Newark industrial district, fifteen men and women were treated for shock and hysteria. In some cases it was necessary to give sedatives, and nurses and physicians sat down and talked with the more seriously affected.
While this was going on, three persons with children under treatment in the institution telephoned that they were taking them out and leaving the city, but their fears were calmed when hospital authorities explained what had happened.
A flickering of electric lights in Bergen County from about 6:15 to 6:30 last evening provided a build-up for the terror that was to ensue when the radio broadcast started.
Without going out entirely, the lights dimmed and brightened alternately and radio reception was also affected. The Public Service Gas and Electric Company was mystified by the behavior of the lights, declaring there was nothing wrong at their power plants or in their distributing system. A spokesman for the service department said a call was made to Newark and the same situation was reported. He believed, he said, that the condition was general throughout the State.
The New Jersey Bell Telephone Company reported that every central office in the State was flooded with calls for more than an hour and the company did not have time to summon emergency operators to relieve the congestion. Hardest hit was the Trenton toll office, which handled calls from all over the East.
One of the radio reports, the statement about the mobilization of 7,000 national guardsmen in New Jersey, caused the armories of the Sussex and Essex troops to be swamped with calls from officers and men seeking information about the mobilization place.
Prayers for Deliverance
In Caldwell, N. J., an excited parishoner ran into the First Baptist Church during evening services and shouted that a meteor had fallen, showering death and destruction, and that North Jersey was threatened. The Rev. Thomas Thomas, the pastor quieted the congregation and all prayed for deliverance from the "catastrophe."
East Orange police headquarters received more than 200 calls from persons who wanted to know what to do to escape the "gas." Unaware of the broadcast, the switchboard operator tried to telephone Newark, but was unable to get the call through because the switchboard at Newark headquarters was tied up. The mystery was not cleared up until a teletype explanation had been received from Trenton.
More than 100 calls were received at Maplewood police headquarters and during the excitement two families of motorists, residents of New York City, arrived at the station to inquire how they were to get back to their homes now that the Pulaski Skyway had been blown up.
The women and children were crying and it took some time for the police to convince them that the catastrophe was fictitious. Many persons who called Maplewood said their neighbors were packing their possessions and preparing to leave for the country.
In Orange, N. J., an unidentified man rushed into the lobby of the Lido Theatre, a neighborhood motion picture house, with the intention of "warning" the audience that a meteor had fallen on Raymond Boulevard, Newark, and was spreading poisonous gases. Skeptical, Al Hochberg, manager of the theatre, prevented the man from entering the auditorium of the theatre and then called the police. He was informed that the radio broadcast was responsible for the man's alarm.
Emanuel Priola, bartender of a tavern at 442 Valley Road, West Orange, closed the place, sending away six customers, in the middle of the broadcast to "rescue" his wife and two children.
"At first I thought it was a lot of Buck Rogers stuff, but when a friend telephoned me that general orders had been issued to evacuate every one from the metropolitan area I put the customers out, closed the place and started to drive home," he said.
William H. Decker of 20 Aubrey Road, Montclair, N. J., denounced the broadcast as "a disgrance" and "an outrage," which he said had frightened hundreds of residents in his community, including children. He said he knew of one woman who ran into the street with her two children and asked for the help of neighbors in saving them.
"We were sitting in the living room casually listening to the radio," he said, "when we heard reports of a meteor falling near New Brunswick and reports that gas was spreading. Then there was an announcement of the Secretary of Interior from Washington who spoke of the happening as a major disaster. It was the worst thing I ever heard over the air."
Columbia Explains Broadcast
The Columbia Broadcasting System issued a statement saying that the adaption of Mr. Wells's novel which was broadcast "followed the original closely, but ot make the imaginary details more interesting to American listeners the adapter, Orson Welles, substituted an American locale for the English scenes of the story."
Pointing out that the fictional character of the broadcast had been announced four times and had been previously publicized, it continued:
"Nevertheless, the program apparently was produced with such vividness that some listeners who may have heard only fragments thought the broadcast was fact, not fiction. Hundreds of telephone calls reaching CBS stations, city authorities, newspaper offices and police headquarters in various cities testified to the mistaken belief.
"Naturally, it was neither Columbia's nor the Mercury Theatre's intention to mislead any one, and when it became evident that a part of the audience had been disturbed by th performance five announcements were read over the network later in the evening to reassure those listeners."
Expressing profound regret that his dramatic efforts should cause such consternation, Mr. Welles said: "I don't think we will choose anything like this again." He hesitated about presenting it, he disclosed, because "it was our thought that perhaps people might be bored or annoyed at hearing a tale so improbable."
SCARE IS NATIONWIDE
Broadcast Spreads Fear In New England, the South and West
Last night's radio "war scare" shocked thousands of men, women and children in the big cities throughout the country. Newspaper offices, police stations and radio stations were besieged with calls from anxious relatives of New Jersey residents, and in some places anxious groups discussed the impending menace of a disastrous war.
Most of the listeners who sought more information were widely confused over the reports they had heard, and many were indignant when they learned that fiction was the cause of their alarm.
In San Francisco the general impression of listeners seemed to be that an overwhelming force had invaded the United States from the air, was in the process of destroying New York and threatening to move westward. "My God," roared one inquirer into a telephone, "where can I volunteer my services? We've got to stop this awful thing."
Newspaper offices and radio stations in Chicago were swamped with telephone calls about the "meteor" that had fallen in New Jersey. Some said they had relatives in the "stricken area" and asked if the casualty list was available.
In parts of St. Louis men and women clustered in the streets in residential areas to discuss what they should do in the face of the sudden war. One suburban resident drove fifteen miles to a newspaper office to verify the radio "report."
In New Orleans a general impression prevailed that New Jersey had been devastated by the "invaders," but fewer inquiries were received than in other cities.
In Baltimore a woman engaged passage on an airliner for New York, where her daughter is in school.
The Associated Press gathered the following reports of reaction to the broadcast:
At Fayetteville, N. C., people with relatives in the section of New Jersey where the mythical visitation had its locale went to a newspaper office in tears, seeking information.
A message from Providence, R. I., said: "Weeping and hysterical women swamped the switchboard of The Providence Journal for details of the massacre and destruction at New York, and officials of the electric company received scores of calls urging them to turn off all lights so that the city would be safe from the enemy."
Mass hysteria mounted so high in some cases that people told the police and newspapers they "saw" the invasion.
The Boston Globe told of one woman who claimed she could "see the fire," and said she and many others in her neighborhood were "getting out of here."
Minneapolis and St. Paul police switchboards were deluged with calls from frightened people.
The Times-Dispatch in Richmond, Va., reported some of their telephone calls from people people who said they were "praying."
The Kansas City bureau of The Associated Press received inquiries on the "meteors" from Los Angeles, Salt Lake City, Beaumont, Texas, and St. Joseph, Mo., in addition to having its local switchboards flooded with calls. One telephone informant said he had loaded all his children into his car, had filled it with gasoline, and was going somewhere. "Where is it safe?" he wanted to know.
Atlanta reported that listeners throughout the Southeast "had it that a planet struck in New Jersey, with monsters and almost everything and anywhere from 40 to 7,000 people reported killed." Editors said responsible persons, known to them, were among the anxious information seekers.
In Birmingham, Ala., people gathered in groups and prayed, and Memphis had its full quota of weeping women calling in to learn the facts.
In Indianapolis a woman ran into a church screaming: "New York destroyed; it's the end of the world. You might as well go home to die. I just heard it on the radio." Services were dismissed immediately.
Five students at Brevard College, N. C., fainted and panic gripped the campus for a half hour with many students fighting for telephones to ask their parents to come and get them.
A man in Pittsburgh said he returned home in the midst of the broadcast and found his wife in the bathroom, a bottle of poison in her hand, and screaming: "I'd rather die this way than like that."
He calmed her, listened to the broadcast and then rushed to a telephone to get an explanation.
Officials of station CFRB, Toronto, said they never had had so many inquiries regarding a single broadcast, the Canadian Press reported.
WASHINGTON MAY ACT
Review of Broadcast by the Federal Commission Possible
Special to The New York Times
WASHINGTON, Oct. 30.--Informed of the furore created tonight by the broadcasting of Wells drama, "War of the Worlds," officials of the Federal Communications Commission indicated that the commission might review the broadcast.
The usual practice of the commission is not to investigate broadcasts unless formal demands for an inquiry are made, but the commission has the power, officials pointed out, to initiate proceedings where the public interest seems to warrant official action.
Geologists at Princeton Hunt 'Meteor' in Vain
PRINCETON, N. J., Oct 30.--Scholastic calm deserted Princeton University briefly tonight following widespread misunderstanding of the WABC radio program announcing the arrival of Martians to subdue the earth.
Dr. Arthur F. Buddington, chairman of the Department of Geology, and Dr. Harry Hess, Professor of Geology, received the first alarming reports in a form indicating that a meteor had fallen near Dutch Neck, some five miles away. They armed themselves with the necessary equipment and set out to find a specimen. All they found was a group of sightseers, searching like themselves for the meteor.
At least a dozen students received telephone calls from their parents, alarmed by the broadcast. The Daily Princetonian, campus newspaper, received numerous calls from students and alumni.
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In a long career which began in 1985 as a teenager member of a rock band, Sergio has experimented with almost everything. During the '90s Sergio focuses his work on steel-string guitar, performing live in Italy and Europe; in 1998 works on the Ark Ensemble project, an Italian modern quartet exploring the sound possibilities of each instrument of the group. His first solo guitar album, Blu, was produced in 2004 by the Grammy winner and founder of Windham Hill Records William Ackerman; his solo project, Aria Meccanica (CandyRat Records, 2009) is a conceptual work—a fascinating trip into all the possible sonorities created on the guitar: loops, vocals, percussion, objects, and live electronics are wisely melded into a poetic vision. Graduated at D.A.M.S. of Bologna (Italy) with a thesis of music semiology on music for acoustic guitar, Sergio has worked as composer and arranger for theatre shows, movies and documentaries, and as a teacher leading masterclass about techniques for the contemporary acoustic guitar. He is also a member of Telescope Motel with Alberto Fiori and Serena Fortebraccio also a member of Guitar Republic. Sergio was born in Molfetta (Bari, Italy); he lives in Bologna (Italy) .


text:
Fear and trembling in the halls of banking
Daniel Pereira
Aug 24, 2011 4:04AM EDT
About two and a half years after the worst financial crisis in recent memory, the world's major banks are once again staring at potential catastrophe.
Bank of America ( BAC ) has shed more than 55 percent of its value in the last six months, dropping to just $6.30 per share on Tuesday, August 23. Investors fear that the bank faces far larger obligations and writedowns than previously revealed, thanks to a stagnant housing market. If the bank is forced to recapitalize, it may end up issuing new shares which would badly dilute existing investors.
The bank's actions don't inspire confidence, either. Henry Blodget, a former analyst with Oppenheimer and Merrill Lynch during the tech bubble (later banned from the industry by New York state attorney general Eliot Spitzer), recently penned an article on his website the Business Insider , suggesting that "the market thinks Bank of America is worth much less than Bank of America's management says it is.
In fact, in what is fast becoming a formal law of bank-stock thermo-dynamics, the more the bank insists that everything's fine, the more investors take this as a signal to run for the hills."
In a bizarre retaliation, Bank of America responded directly to Blodget's claims, contesting both his figures and his credentials as they cited his 2003 civil securities fraud settlement. Meanwhile, the Financial Times reported credit is getting tighter for the bank - the spread on five-year credit default swaps for the bank has hit a record, while the one-year spreads are wider still.
And Brian Moynihan's company isn't the only bank with a losing record this year. JPMorgan Chase ( JPM ) and Wells Fargo ( WFC ) are down 24 percent, while mighty Goldman Sachs has lost nearly 35 percent of its value.
Will there be more bailouts if the situation comes to a head? It's possible, given the leverage these banking behemoths have with the central banking system. However, such an action would bring populist rage to a head and virtually guarantee electoral defeat for any public official backing them.
In 2008, we learned about Too Big To Fail. In 2011, we may yet discover what Too Big To Survive looks like.
BAC WFC JPM
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