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Does immutability reduce the scope of unit testing?
Recently, I worked on an Android project with Kotlin. As an architecture, there were immutable data classes and functions (not methods which are members of a class), where the functions generate new immutable data objects from other immutable data objects. And it felt like the scope of unit tests was reduced to those functions only.
So, is my assumption right that immutability reduces the scope of unit testing?
unit-testing immutability
GulshanGulshan
what were you testing before? – Ewan Nov 25 '17 at 10:29
How do you measure "scope for unit testing"? – Doc Brown Nov 25 '17 at 10:55
One scope is all the business rules. As mentioned in the answers, any mutation can invalidate a business and has to be checked. But guaranteed immutability allow to check only once, at the time of object creation. – Gulshan Nov 25 '17 at 11:51
Tests check that things that can go wrong don't go wrong. The more flexible a software system is, the more ways there are for things to go wrong. Conversely, removing flexibility from a system means that less things can go wrong, and as a consequence fewer things have to be tested to achieve a similar level of confidence.
For example, static type systems. A typesystem is an automated proof of correctness. The level of proven correctness depends on the language, e.g. Haskell can prove more properties than Java, which can often prove more properties than C. The properties of the program that are guaranteed by a type system do not have to be unit-tested, for example that a function returns a result of a particular type.
Immutability is another approach that decreases the flexibility of a system, but also makes it easier to reason about and therefore requires fewer tests. In particular, the state of a mutable object may change after it was constructed. These state changes may move that object into an invalid state. So a thorough test will have to check these state transitions and ensure that no illegal states can be reached. Consumers of this object will have to be tested that they can work with the object in any of its states. In contrast, the state of an immutable object cannot change once constructed. Therefore, there are no state transitions to test. If a consumer receives an instance, they always know it is in the single valid state for that class.
When testing a function, we want to assert that it has some desired effect. So we arrange a particular state, act out the test case by invoking the function, and assert that the state after the call has some expected properties. This is most easy when the function does not have any effect except for returning a value: when we have a pure function. Immutability is not a precondition for a pure function. But if that function is passed immutable parameters, we know that the function cannot change those parameters – one less thing that could go wrong. Note that for a method, the implicit this parameter is also an input parameter that may or may not be changed.
In practice, immutability is not always possible and not always desirable. In particular, the Java ecosystem does not have a mechanism to track whether values are immutable and whether a parameter may be changed (compare const in C++). So in Java, immutability and pure functions are more a convention than a type-system provable correctness property. Also, some functions may be effectively pure but not pure in the most literal sense, e.g. if they perform logging as a side effect. But that is entirely OK, as such functions are still effectively pure from a perspective of a caller.
In my experience, preferring immutable designs and mixing OOP with functional programming techniques leads to simpler, more reasonable systems. That we need fewer tests for such systems is not the main value, but just a consequence of a generally simpler system where fewer things can go wrong.
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Morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride capsules contain morphine, an opioid agonist and a Schedule II controlled substance with an abuse liability similar to other opioid agonists. Morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride can be abused in a manner similar to other opioid agonists, legal or illicit. This should be considered when prescribing or dispensing morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride in situations where the physician or pharmacist is concerned about an increased risk of misuse, abuse, or diversion.
Morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride contains pellets of an extended-release oral formulation of morphine sulfate, an opioid receptor agonist, surrounding an inner core of naltrexone hydrochloride, an opioid receptor antagonist indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain when a continuous, around-the-clock opioid analgesic is needed for an extended period of time.
Morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride is NOT intended for use as a prn analgesic.
Morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride 100 mg/4 mg IS FOR USE IN OPIOID-TOLERANT PATIENTS ONLY. Ingestion of these capsules or the pellets within the capsules may cause fatal respiratory depression when administered to patients not already tolerant to high doses of opioids.
Patients should not consume alcoholic beverages while on morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride therapy. Additionally, patients must not use prescription or nonprescription medications containing alcohol while on morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride therapy. The coingestion of alcohol with morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride may result in an increase of plasma levels and potentially fatal overdose of morphine. Morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride is to be swallowed whole or the contents of the capsules sprinkled on apple sauce. The pellets in the capsules are not to be crushed, dissolved, or chewed due to the risk of rapid release and absorption of a potentially fatal dose of morphine.
Crushing, chewing, or dissolving morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride will also result in the release of naltrexone which may precipitate withdrawal in opioid-tolerant individuals .
Morphine sulfate/naltrexone hydrochloride capsules contain pellets of morphine sulfate with a sequestered core of naltrexone, and is indicated for moderate to severe pain management. Drug should be swallowed whole or the capsule contents sprinkled on apple sauce. Pellets are not to be chewed, crushed, or dissolved. Misuse causes rapid release and absorption, with a resulting potentially-fatal morphine dose. Capsules are for use in opioid-tolerant patients only and are not intended for prn analgesia. Patients should not consume alcoholic beverages or medications containing alcohol while on this drug .
Morphine and naltrexone combination is used to treat moderate to severe pain when around-the-clock pain relief is needed for a long period of time. This medicine should not be used to treat pain that you only have once in a while (or "as needed").
Morphine belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines). It acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to relieve pain.
Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist. It blocks the effects of narcotics, especially the "high'' feeling that makes you want to use them. It will not produce any narcotic-like effects or cause mental or physical dependence.
Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of morphine and naltrexone combination in the pediatric population. Safety and efficacy have not been established.
Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of morphine and naltrexone combination in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related heart, kidney, liver, or lung problems, which may require an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving morphine and naltrexone combination.
Thyroid problems—Use with caution. May increase risk for more serious side effects.
Drug dependence, especially narcotic abuse or dependence, history of—Dependence may be more likely to develop.
Respiratory depression (hypoventilation or slow breathing)—Should not be used in patients with these conditions. It could cause very serious breathing problems.
Paralytic ileus (intestinal blockage)—Should not be used in patients with this condition.
Morphine and naltrexone combination extended-release capsules are for use in opioid-tolerant patients only. If you are uncertain whether or not you are opioid-tolerant, check with your doctor before using this medicine.
Swallow the extended-release capsules whole. Do not break, crush, or chew it.
If you cannot swallow the extended-release capsule, you may open it and pour the medicine into a small amount of soft food such as applesauce. Stir this mixture well and swallow it without chewing.
Adults—At first, one capsule once a day. Your doctor may increase your dose as needed.
Adults—The dose is half of the total morphine dose that you are taking every 12 hours, or the same total morphine dose that you are taking once a day.
Flush the unused Embeda® capsules down the toilet.
This medicine will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that can make you drowsy or less alert). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for allergies or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; other prescription pain medicine or narcotics; medicine for seizures or barbiturates; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your doctor before taking any of the other medicines listed above while you are using this medicine.
Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting may occur when you get up suddenly from a lying or sitting position. Getting up slowly may help lessen this problem. Also, lying down for a while may relieve dizziness or lightheadedness.
Before having any kind of surgery (including dental surgery) or emergency treatment, tell the medical doctor or dentist in charge that you are using this medicine. Serious side effects can occur if your medical doctor or dentist gives you certain other medicines without knowing that you are using morphine and naltrexone combination.
This medicine may make you dizzy, drowsy, or lightheaded. Make sure you know how you react to this medicine before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or not alert.
If you have been using this medicine regularly for several weeks or more, do not suddenly stop using it without first checking with your doctor. You may be directed to gradually reduce the amount you are using before stopping treatment completely, or to take another narcotic for a while, to lessen the chance of withdrawal side effects.
Using this medicine while you are pregnant may cause neonatal withdrawal syndrome in your newborn babies. Tell your doctor right away if you child has the following symptoms: abnormal sleep pattern, diarrhea, high-pitched cry, irritability, shakiness or tremor, weight loss, vomiting, or failure to gain weight.


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VESSEL REVIEW | Guardian del Mar – Peruvian company's newest USV to be used for fish finding
By Baird Maritime - August 22, 2022
Written by Baird Maritime on August 22, 2022 . Posted in Marine Research and Training, Regulation & Enforcement, Unmanned Craft (Non-Naval), Work Boat World Vessel Reviews.
UNMANNED CRAFT WEEK
Photo: Kongsberg Maritime
Peruvian fishing company TASA has acquired a new unmanned surface vehicle (USV) optimised for fish finding and oceanographic and marine resource monitoring.
The Kongsberg Maritime-built Guardian del Mar ("Guardian of the Sea") is the first unmanned maritime vehicle in operation in Peru and is scheduled to begin sailings with its new owners in September of this year. The USV will be tasked primarily with helping improve efficiency of capture operations and strengthening data acquisition capabilities to improve management of the available biomass.
The craft has a length of eight metres, a speed of 12 knots, and an endurance of more than 400 hours. The vessel can run autonomously or under remote control via a K-MATE autonomy engine, with communication through a Kongsberg maritime broadband radio.
The hull of the USV was designed by a Norwegian lifeboat manufacturer, giving it self-righting ability as well as the ability to withstand hurricane conditions. Kongsberg said, however, that its main advantage is that it is specifically designed for acoustic performance.
The onboard systems include two wideband echosounders and a low-frequency, high-definition fishing sonar from Simrad. The echosounders are operable from a laptop PC or via radio control with data telemetry for remote operations.
The USV will complete its mission objectives autonomously under human supervision and will gradually be upgraded with developments on situational awareness and collision avoidance. During the initial phase of implementing this new technology in its daily operations, TASA will gain valuable experience and training by supervising the USV from a nearby mothership.
The vessel also boasts autonomous capabilities such as anti-grounding, automatic object detection, and CTD casts. Kongsberg said the USV's operating costs will represent about 0.6 per cent compared to an average vessel of the industrial fishing fleet.
Guardian del Mar joins TASA's fleet of 48 vessels with the purpose of gathering information on the state of marine resources such as mackerel, horse mackerel, and anchoveta, providing information on the location of schools to make fishing operations more efficient. In this way, the process of deploying the fleet will be made more efficient and will bring about reductions in fuel consumption and the carbon footprint derived from these trips.
TASA will conduct trials of the USV for 12 months in a fish-finder role, operating ahead of trawlers and using its onboard sonar and echosounders to locate schools of fish and then relaying the location back to the company's head office to inform the rest of the fleet.
The USV will also be used between fishing seasons to acquire oceanographic and fish research data to develop a better understanding of the ocean. Likewise, it will allow the collection of oceanographic information and fishing information that will be available to scientific institutes and analysis departments of TASA to better understand the development of the marine sector related to fishing. Data will also be made available to the Peruvian Navy to inform, identify, and allow people to board in emergency situations.
Click here for more news stories, feature articles, and vessel reviews as part of this month's focus on unmanned craft.
Guardian del Mar
Type of vessel: USV – Fisheries survey
Owner: TASA, Peru
Builder: Kongsberg Maritime, Norway
Length overall: 8.0 metres
Main engine: Kongsberg K-MATE
Depth sounders: 2 x Simrad
Radio: Kongsberg
Sonar: Simrad
Operational area: Peru
New fish-harvesting vessel for DESS
Volt shows off newbuild fish farm support vessel
Inverlussa vessel to take on fish delousing duties following refit
VESSEL REVIEW | USV Inanibus – UK-designed unmanned vessel to conduct windfarm site surveys
VESSEL REVIEW: Guardian 3 – New protector for Nigerian offshore interests
Tags: Kongsberg Maritime Norway Peru TASA WBW newbuild
COLUMN | The Metals Company raises cash to stay afloat [Offshore Accounts]
VESSEL REVIEW | Orca Yka – Chile's Naviera Orca opts for Norwegian-built live salmon transporter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


East Bridgewater Homes - Rosen Realty, Inc.
Absolutely gorgeous custom ranch that was built for the present owners in 2003. If you have been looking for a custom ranch with all the bells and whistles, then this is the home for you. Some of the many features are 11ft. ceilings,f/p living rm., h/w and tile floors, crown molding, corian counters in bathrooms and kitchen, corian shower and Jacuzzi in master bath, expansion possibilities in walkup attic and walkout basement. The walkout basement has full size windows on the back of the property. There is also an alarm system, irrigation system, well for outside watering, sliders off kitchen to 30ft. TREX deck and shed with electricity. Whitman commuter rail is just 3 miles away. Stop by & take a look at this beautiful home in a great neighborhood! You won't be disappointed!
BRAND NEW COLONIAL TO BE BUILT with 3 or 4 Bedrooms, 2.5 Baths. OPEN floor plan, perfect for family fun and entertaining. Fabulous Country Kitchen with a center island featuring granite counters, pantry and stainless appliances. Master bedroom has 2 X-large closets and the master bath with a double sink vanity. Additional bedrooms are good size with plenty of closet space. 9 Foot ceilings on first floor to give you the open feeling. Very conveniently located only minutes to Commuter Rail, Highway Rt 24/495, only minutes to Bridgewater State University, Shopping, etc. WE HAVE OTHER 3 LOTS AVAILABLE! CALL TODAY TO CUSTOMIZE YOUR FUTURE HOME. Only minutes to the commuter rail and Routes 24 and 495. Located behind the E. Bridgewater YMCA or down the street from Smiths Farm.
Welcome home to 6 Mallard Lane set on your own private street in highly sought after Northville Landing! Enveloped by nature this impeccably maintained 3 bedroom home awaits a new family. The sun-drenched, spacious eat-in kitchen has natural maple cabinets with all new stainless steel appliances open to the sunken, cathedral family room with hardwood floors. Formal dining room and fireplaced living room abut the light and bright 2 story open foyer. Upstairs boasts master suite with walk in closet and cathedral ceiling, 2 additional bedrooms and updated full bath. Partially finished basement with half bath walks directly out to the crystal clear inground pool. Oversized 2 car garage with 24'x28' rough finished room would make a perfect game room or space for extended family! Exterior features include maintenance free vinyl siding, quaint side entrance with porch, composite deck, pool with storage/pump house, irrigation and more! Great commuter location, mins to T, Route 18 and 24!
Listed by Sue Chaffee and Adriana Reis of Reis Real Estate & Company Inc.
BRAND NEW COLONIAL WITH 3 Bedrooms, 2.5 Baths. WITH OPEN floor plan, perfect for family fun and entertaining. Fabulous Country Kitchen with a center island featuring granite counters, pantry and stainless appliances. Master bedroom has 2 X-large closets and the master bath with a double sink vanity. Additional bedrooms are good size with plenty of closet space. 9 Foot ceilings on first floor to give you the open feeling. Very conveniently located only minutes to Commuter Rail, Highway Rt 24/495, only minutes to Bridgewater State University, Shopping, etc. WE HAVE OTHER 3 LOTS AVAILABLE! CALL TODAY TO CUSTOMIZE YOUR FUTURE HOME. Only minutes to the commuter rail and Routes 24 and 495. Located behind the E. Bridgewater YMCA. GPS use 120 West Pond Street take South Street next to YMCA go to end, take a left your there. Come check it out at the open house. See you there!
Enjoy the pleasure and joy of new! Be the first person to enjoy the perks of this wonderful 4 bedroom 2.5 bath in East Bridgewater. This wonderful home will be ready to tour in February 2019. You still have time to choose your appliances, pick your granite color and decide where you want your furniture to go. This wonderful colonial home, on a spacious lot features hardwood floors, granite counters, oversized tubs in both full bathrooms. The wide open floor plan offers a large eat in kitchen, spacious bedrooms, attached garage, and a first floor laundry, recessed lights and tray ceilings. This wonderful home is near many of Bridgewaters amenities including the commuter rail, highways, shopping, Bridgewater State, and much more.
New Construction! Gorgeous 4 bedroom colonial with 2 car garage! Great location close to town, schools, and ball fields. The home is already constructed and ready for a buyer to choose colors, floors, fixtures, and finishing touches. The sooner you get in, the more options you'll have! Don't miss out!
First time to market! These meticulous owners are parting with their well cared for home. Set back off the road providing ample opportunity to enjoy this peaceful established neighborhood minutes to Hanson and Bridgewater commuter rail. Some of the work completed within the last 10 years includes roof, exterior and interior paint, replacement windows, water heater replaced, and new bedroom carpeting. The bedrooms are well proportioned with plenty of space in the master to fit that king size bed plus additional furnishings. In the winter relax in the fireplaced living room or during the warmer months relax on the back deck overlooking the serene, spacious fenced back yard, perfect for children and/or pets.
Historic Elmwood area offers this beautifully decorated, 1 acre, vintage property that has it all! Enter a sunny porch overlooking an expansive private yard w perennials & fruit trees. Step into the large family rm with 9ft ceilings, cornice moldings & large Palladium window w seating. Custom gourmet kitchen has stainless appliances, cherry counters & apron sink. Tiger pine flooring throughout the 1st fl warms the space. Kitchen / Dining area is complete w rough pine vaulted ceilings & beadboard molding. 1st fl Master has w/w & double closets. 2nd fl is comprised of 2 bedrooms (3 rms) offering ample storage w a bank of drawers. Outbuildings consist of shed, 2 car garage which is attached to 2story barn w new roof, workshop, commercial shelving & 2nd fl spacious studio. Full, dry Bsmt w wine room & exterior dog house door.There are 2 driveways, brick paths, stone walls and a vegi garden. Back door accesses charming Mud rm w new skylight. Beautiful property awaiting the right buyer!
PHOTO'S ARE A FACSIMILE ~ Just in Time For Spring, Beautiful Brand New 28 X 50 Raised Ranch featuring spacious open floor plan ~ granite kitchen with breakfast island, s/s appliances and slider to deck overlooking private backyard ~ hardwood floors ~ Tile Baths ~ Living Room ~ Recessed lighting throughout ~ Large Master Bedroom with private bath and walk in shower ~ Lower level offers finished Family Room, half bath and laundry combo ~ 2 Car Garage Under ~ Central Air. Only minutes to shopping areas, "T" Station and highways.
Pristine, Fresh & Sunny 3 Bedroom Cape, newly painted with renovated baths & kitchen in a quiet neighborhood. Refinished hardwood floors & freshly painted bright grey walls cover the sunny first-floor living & dining room. Both rooms lead into a spacious & newly renovated eat-in kitchen, with a beautiful granite island & countertops, SS appliances, pantry closet & renovated full bath. Clean & satiny carpet covers the 2nd floor, & features three freshly painted & crisp bedrooms w/ elegant ceilings fans, & a sizable full bath w/ granite double vanity sink & a handsome mirror cabinet. Additional features are the partially finished carpeted basement/laundry room, the heated & insulated attached-car garage, the well-lit enormous newly carpeted bonus room/family/multi-purpose/studio space over the garage. This home also boasts two back decks overlooking a lovely fenced-in yard & is within walking distance of town, shops, & schools.
Listed by Kelly White of Redfin Corp.
Hard to find single family home with large, attached in-law suite. Versatile floor plan offers endless possibilities. Main unit features 3 bedroom and two full baths. Adjacent suite features generously sized bedroom, full bath, and good size living area. Situated on large, corner, level lot which is fenced in with inground pool. Expansive garage- perfect for the right business owner or do-it-yourself-er. Easy access to Boston or Providence, shopping and more. Get ahead of the spring market and schedule your showing today.


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Control and Prevention
International Commission on Trichinellosis
Control and Prevention in Pork and Other Meat From Food Animals
Post-harvest prevention of human exposure
Many countries require that pigs (and horses) sold as food animals be tested for Trichinella infection. These requirements are in the form of regulations governing slaughter inspection. The European Union (EU) outlines these requirements in SANCO 2075/2005. Other countries have similar regulations and proof of freedom from Trichinella infection must accompany products sold for interstate commerce. As stated in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code, importing countries should require that an international health certificate accompany imported pork products. The sanitary certificate should attest that the product has: 1) been tested for Trichinella infection at slaughter and was shown to be negative; 2) originated from a Trichinella free country or territory; or 3) been processed to ensure destruction of Trichinella larvae. In the same document, it is specified that horsemeat sold for human consumption should be submitted to slaughter inspection or be processed by methods known to kill Trichinella larvae.
Some countries, including the United States, have relied primarily on further processing (cooking, freezing and curing) of ready-to-eat pork products and advice to consumers regarding the safe preparation of fresh pork. Commercial processing methods which have been proven experimentally to render pork free from infective Trichinella larvae are described in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (9CFR 318.10). Pork meat must be heated to 58° C or frozen at one of several time temperature combinations. For flash freezing, Trichinella larvae are killed instantaneously at -35° C. The effectiveness of curing depends on a combination of salt concentration, temperature, and time. Each method should be tested experimentally to determine effectiveness as no model for curing conditions has been devised. Consumers of fresh product are advised to cook pork, and other meat products that might serve as a source of Trichinella, to an internal temperature of 70° C.
Pre-harvest prevention of Trichinella infection in pigs
Prevention of exposure of domestic pigs to Trichinella, requires implementation of sanitary management practices which: 1) prohibit feeding of animal products (without proper cooking); and 2) preventing exposure to rodents or other potentially infected mammals either directly, or through contamination of feed. Production practices which are free from risk or have minimal risk for exposure to Trichinella should be monitored periodically (by testing blood samples from live animals or by sampling slaughtered animals) to verify the absence of infection.
Several regulations support programs for certifying pigs free from risk of exposure to Trichinella including, in the EU, SANCO 2075/2005 and, in the U.S., the National Trichinae Herd Certification Program (http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/trichinae/docs/prog_stds.htm).
The OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code specifies that absence of Trichinella infection in pigs can be documented by declaring a country or territory as "Trichinella-free" based on certain criteria. These criteria include: 1) the disease is compulsorily notifiable; 2) waste food feeding is officially regulated; 3) a surveillance program is in place to detect Trichinella infection at a very low prevalence in the disease free area; 4) surveillance is intensified where infection was last reported; and 5) any outbreaks of infection in swine or humans are fully investigated to determine the source. Establishing a country or region as free from Trichinella is difficult since the parasite circulates in so many species of wildlife.
Trichinella spp. may be identified by direct or indirect methods. The oldest method of direct detection of Trichinella, and one which is still frequently used, is the compression method. Small pieces of pork, or tissue from other animals, collected from the pillars (crus muscle) of the diaphragm, or alternative sites, are compressed between two thick glass slides (a compressorium) and examined microscopically. A minimum of 1 gram must be examined to allow a theoretical sensitivity of 1 larva per gram (a number frequently cited as the threshold of infection posing a public health risk). In practice, the compression method has an approximate sensitivity of > 3 larvae per gram of tissue. The compression method is suitable for testing small numbers of samples and should be used to test carcasses of wild carnivores destined for human consumption.
An improvement in direct testing methods for Trichinella infection is the digestion method. Samples of tissue collected from sites of parasite predilection (diaphragm, cheek muscle, tongue) are subjected to digestion in acidified pepsin. Larvae, freed from their muscle cell capsules, are recovered by a series of sedimentation steps, then visualized and enumerated under a microscope. Requirements for performing the digestion test are found in the Directives of the European Union (SANCO 2075/2005), in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations (9CFR 318.10) and in the OIE Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines.
Using methods of inspection testing as practiced on pig carcasses, the sensitivity of the digestion method is approximately 3 LPG. This level of detection is considered effective for identifying pork that poses a significant public health risk. Although there is insufficient information to determine the exact number of larvae which are necessary to cause clinical human disease (and these figures will be affected by the type of Trichinella, the amount of meat eaten, and the health of the individual), it is generally considered that infections > 1 LPG are a public health risk. Thus, most infections which could cause clinical human disease would be detected by currently employed direct testing methods.
Trichinella spp. infection can also be detected by the presence of antibodies to the parasites in serum, blood or tissue fluid samples. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used extensively for testing in both pre- and post-slaughter applications. Based on the use of an excretory-secretory antigen collected from short-term in vitro cultivation of Trichinella spiralis, the ELISA has proven to be highly sensitive and specific; no known cross-reactions occur using this test. Since the ELISA is not in widespread use for the detection of trichinellosis in pigs at slaughter, the reader is referred to the OIE Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Test and Vaccines for specific methodologies involving this test.
Gamble, H.R., Boireau, P., Noeckler, K. and Kapel, C.M.O. 2007. Prevention of Trichinella infection in the domestic pig. In, (Dupouy-Camet, J and Murrell, K.D. eds.), FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Management, Prevention and Control of Trichinellosis, Rome, pp. 101-110.
Nöckler, K. and Kapel, C.M.O. 2007. Detection and surveillance for Trichinella: meat inspection, hygiene and legislation. In, (Dupouy-Camet, J and Murrell, K.D. eds.), FAO/WHO/OIE Guidelines for the Surveillance, Management, Prevention and Control of Trichinellosis, Rome, pp. 69-98.
Content copyright . trichinellosis.org. All rights reserved.


I design and make everything individually by hand, using mostly Merino wool that I dye myself, with Omega Dyes.
Over the years I have developed a wide variety of skills, and am able to offer a large range of different products, as well as undertaking specialist commissions.
I make to order for Exhibitions, Shops and Galleries, Individual Customers, and have been exporting to Japan and U.S.A. for several years.
I have also written ten books, which I self-publish, and am writing my next book, 'Start to Felt' for Search Press, which is due for release on 20th June, 2007.


Family Matters celebrated the graduation of three high school seniors in June 2017.
Cindy Borski and Adrian Hernandez have tutored together since Adrian was in fourth grade. Over the most recent years, Cindy has supported Adrian through numerous academic and personal goals he's set for himself and assisted him in his application process for various colleges and financial aid. One of their favorite tutoring pastimes this year was having lively discussions about politics and its relevance in their lives.
This spring, Adrian graduated from Mather High School's Information Technology Academy and will be attending Oakton Community College in the fall to continue his education.
Enrique and Jaime have worked with their tutors, Megan Fellman and Brad Schwarzhoff, for six years. Both young men plan to attend Northeastern University in the fall.
Brad attended Jaime's graduation ceremony in May, during which Jaime was asked to hand out roses to three people in the audience who played a role in his success. He chose Brad as one of those recipients. During the signing ceremony for a scholarship awarded to Jaime, Brad shared that he is going to continue his tutor-mentor relationship with Jaime, meeting with him at least once a week as he transitions into college next year. Jaime plans to study computer science, in large part because of Brad's encouraging guidance when Jaime showed interest in the field.
Enrique insists he could not have gotten into his high school without Megan's guidance. During his eighth grade year, she worked with him on his application essay to Lake View, which Enrique was attracted to in part because they had a strong STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) program and offered art classes. With Megan's support, Enrique was accepted into his first choice high school. Four years later, she was by his side when he accepted his college scholarship.
A positive relationship with a consistent adult can nurture a youth's potential in powerful ways, and Adrian, Jaime and Enrique are powerful examples of that. We are so excited to see what their next chapters bring!


my son is 1 year n 1 week old... I am still breast feeding him.. I want to know till what age I should continue? people say it should be till 1 year.. I wants to stop breast feeding but he is not sleeping without breast feeding... need personal advice how should I stop breast feed n what should I do for that.. ?
Helo doctor my baby is 29months is it good to cont..
Hi Asha, ideally it is recommended to breast feed..
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hi my baby is 1yr3mnths old,i want to stop breast..
Hi Paida, ideally a baby can be breastfed as long..
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Before endeavoring on an IT project involving the introduction of a new software package or or expansion of an existing one, business leaders need to know the impact of such an initiative on revenues, labor costs, and capital budgets. A solution architecture design document (aka SAD) can help as long as it is part of an overall business impact or disaster recovery planning process. When drafting a solution architecture design document, helpful metrics such as system availability, recovery time objective (RTO) and recovery point objective (RPO) can help determine the desired runtime characteristics the business wants to achieve. Non-technical business leaders and subject matter experts may not necessarily care about "the nines" (99.999% availability, for instance), but they do care about lost revenue per hour, minute and second that the system (hardware software as a whole) that the company incurs when an IT asset is offline, or the labor costs of workers standing idle or having to resort to manual business process steps. Conversely, IT operating team members don't necessarily care about the notion of these costs, but cares more about the nines. But for many, arriving at the right set of nines to assign to an IT project that introduces or expands a system is not exactly straightforward.
I'm offering an approach to help you assign a set of nines to your system availability objective. By "system," I am referring to the combination of hardware and software. The following table provides industry-standard mappings of "nines" to acceptable down times for different availabilities for a given one-year period.
How do we know which of the sets of nines is applicable? It depends on the business subject matter experts, and in turn, they may rely on the operations team to supply data. But in the case where neither the business SMEs or the operations teams have such numbers, a good rule of thumb is to first have the business SMEs, tally the Line of Business (LOB) revenue per hour, minute or second of any given business process that would be impacted if the system in question went down. Have them do the same for revenue per hour, minute and second. Don't worry about downtimes just yet; we only want to know how much money is generated by the business process per hour/min/sec, and then the labor cost (or overhead costs, operating costs) per hour/min/sec.
Next, identify the cost of maintaining each of the sets of nines (the greater the number of nines, the greater the maintenance cost).
Finally, if the loss of revenues per hour/min/sec noticeably exceeds the cost of maintaining the desired nines, then it might be advisable to absorb the maintenance costs. In the absence of revenues, the project's maintenance budget can be used, but caution has to be used here as the budget may not align with lost revenues when a system goes down as the budget is almost always smaller than the company's revenues for the impacted business process.
Regarding recovery metrics, an article on Wikipedia does a great job in explaining them. I provide a snippet below, and invite you to go to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recovery_point_objective to read the rest. I have highlighted some sentences to call your attention to important principles.
The recovery time objective (RTO) is the duration of time and a service level within which a business process must be restored after a disaster (or disruption) in order to avoid unacceptable consequences associated with a break in business continuity. It can include the time for trying to fix the problem without a recovery, the recovery itself, testing, and the communication to the users. Decision time for users representative is not included. RTO is spoken of as a complement of RPO (or Recovery point objective) with the two metrics describing the limits of acceptable or "tolerable" ITSC performance in terms of time lost(RTO) from normal business process functioning, and in terms of data lost or not backed-up during that period of time(RPO) respectively. The rule in setting an RTO should be that the RTO is the longest period of time the business can do without the IT Service in question.
A "recovery point objective" or "RPO", is defined by business continuity planning. It is the maximum tolerable period in which data might be lost from an IT service due to a major incident. The RPO gives systems designers a limit to work to. For instance, if the RPO is set to 4 hours, then in practice, offsite mirrored backups must be continuously maintained- a daily offsite backup on tape will not suffice. Care must be taken to avoid two common mistakes around the use and definition of RPO. Firstly, BC Staff use business impact analysis to determine RPO for each service – RPO is not determined by the existent backup regime. Secondly, when any level of preparation of offsite data is required, rather than at the time the backups are offsited- the period during which data is lost very often starts near the time of the beginning of the work to prepare backups which are eventually offsited.
The RTO and RPO form part of the first specification for any IT Service. The RTO and the RPO have a very significant effect on the design of computer services and for this reason must be considered in concert with all the other major system design criteria.
When assessing the abilities of system designs to meet RPO criteria, for practical reasons, the RPO capability in a proposed design is tied to the times backups are sent offsite- if for instance offsiting is on tape and only daily (still quite common), then 49 or better, 73 hours is the best RPO the proposed system can deliver, so as to cover for tape hardware problems (tape failure is still too frequent, one bad tape can write off a whole daily synchronisation point). Another example- if a service is to be properly set up to restart from any point (data is capable of synchronisation at all times) and offsiting is via synchronous copies to an offsite mirror data storage device, then the RPO capability of the proposed service is to all intents and purposes 0 hours- although it is normal to allow an hour for RPO in this circumstance to cover off any unforeseen difficulty.
If the RTO and RPO can be set to be more than 73 hours then daily backups to tapes (or other transportable media), that are then couriered on a daily basis to an offsite location, comfortably covers backup needs at a relatively low cost. Recovery can be enacted at a predetermined site. Very often this site will be one belonging to a specialist recovery company who can more cheaply provide serviced floor space and hardware as required in recovery because it manages the risks to its clients and carefully shares (or "syndicates") hardware between them, according to these risks.
If the RTO is set to 4 hours and the RPO to 1 hour, then a mirror copy of production data must be continuously maintained at the recovery site and close to dedicated recovery hardware must be available at the recovery site- hardware that is always capable of being pressed into service within 30 minutes or so. These shorter RTO and RPO settings demand a fundamentally different hardware design- which is for instance, relatively much more expensive than tape backup designs.
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text:
Laser Weapon System (LaWS) [Pic: John F. Williams]
Defence Economy
Naval weapon systems exhibition 'NAVARMS 2019' for Defence industry & users begins 12 Dec
December 11, 2019 December 11, 2019 The ID Staff	0 Comments
New Delhi: The 4th edition of the International Seminar-cum-Exhibition on Naval Weapon Systems 'NAVARMS 2019' with the theme 'Make in India – Fight Category: Opportunities and Imperatives' is scheduled at the Institute for Defence Studies and Analysis (IDSA), Development Enclave, New Delhi on 12 & 13 December.
The two-day event spread over five plenary sessions will provide opportunities for exchange of ideas, create awareness, and identify emerging prospects for Indian and International Defence industries in the domain of Naval Weapon Systems.
NAVARMS is the only international seminar and exhibition on Naval Weapon Systems conducted in the country to invite all stakeholders in the life cycle management of Naval Weapons and provide a common platform to share their views and concerns, said the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in a Press communication.
Union Defence Minister Rajnath Singh will address the gathering during the Exhibition's inaugural session on 12 Dec. The past three editions of NAVARMS organised in 2007, 2010 and 2013 have aroused enthusiasm and active participation from the Defence industry, Ministry of Defence, DRDO and the users, said the MoD.
India's maritime character and vital geo-strategic location are twin factors that have defined her growth as a nation and evolution as a civilisation, said the MoD communication, adding that the Indian Navy today remains the principal manifestation of India's maritime power and plays a central role in safeguarding and prompting her security and national interests in the maritime domain.
The Navy's roles and responsibilities have also expanded significantly over the years in response to changing geo-economic and geo-strategic circumstances, said the MoD communication, adding that these roles necessitate a wide inventory of weapon systems that cater for India's security-cum-threat calculus.
Today, there is wider acknowledgement of the role the Navy can play in nation building and enhancing maritime security in the region, said the MoD communication, adding that with an intent to convert Defence expenditure into an investment to fuel growth, the Indian Navy is at the forefront of promoting indigenous Defence manufacturing and has been collaborating with the private sector to achieve self-reliance.
The 'Make in India' initiative, setting up of Defence industrial corridors and access of Defence testing facilities to Indian Industries are significant programs of the Govt of India, said the MoD communication, adding that these initiatives are aimed at providing Indian Industries with opportunities in the domestic as well as global arenas to enter into strategic partnerships with foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and DRDO to harness avenues in the technology intensive 'Fight' category.
The first session of 'NAVARMS-19' will set the stage for the two-day seminar, with Indian Navy speakers bringing out 'Opportunities for Industry in Naval Weapon Systems – 2030' in all three dimensions viz. surface, air & underwater.
The second session on 'Needs and Concerns of the User and Industry' will provide a platform to users and the industry to bring out their respective needs and concerns with prevailing policies and issues as well as envisioned environment, and seek views from all stakeholders to bridge the gap between expectations of the user and capabilities of the industry, said the MoD.
The third session focuses on 'Naval Weapon Systems – Modern Trends and Technology in Upgrade & Upkeep', while the fourth session is an interactive session of Panel Discussion on 'Govt Policy Imperatives to Encourage Indigenisation'.
The last session on 'Building of Indigenous Capability through Collaborative Approach between Industry, R&D organisations and Indian Navy' will provide a platform for industry, DRDO and the user to highlight the capability gaps existing in the system and way ahead to bridge them using modern technology, infrastructure augmentation, increased investment in R&D etc through collaborative approach.
To enable companies to gain maximum benefit from this platform, a parallel technology display in the form of a two-day exhibition is also organized to demonstrate the Industry's capabilities to key users.
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MSG - Making You Sicker and Fatter?
You are here: Home / Natural Health / MSG – Making You Sicker and Fatter?
MSG – Making You Sicker and Fatter?
Where is MSG hiding in your food?
This is sold as good, wholesome food. Boy, it sure looks a whole lot better if you don't read the ingredient list. We've got at least three forms of MSG (monosodium glutamate, soy protein concentrate, yeast extract), possibly up to five (dried whey, spice extract). We've also got genetically modified vegetable oils.
I was over at Food Renegade reading her post titled Why MSG is dangerous and where it is hiding, which got me started looking at MSG (Monosodium Glutamate). The MSG side effects I found were more than a little concerning.
Have you ever felt "off" after eating Chinese takeout or other foods loaded with MSG? Advance Health Plan shares an interesting discussion of this phenomenon.
To defend themselves against epidemiological studies indicating that 25-30 per cent of the population reacted to monosodium glutamate and against individual reports of human adverse reactions that included migraine headache, seizures, asthma, and depression, the glutamate industry built the fiction that a few people might react to monosodium glutamate with the "Chinese restaurant syndrome": "burning," "tightness," and "numbness," all occurring at the same time, within two hours following ingestion.
They sent out a questionnaire and got 3,222 respondents, of whom 1.8 per cent reported having the exactly defined "Chinese restaurant syndrome." The fact that an additional 41.2 per cent of the subjects reported experiencing conditions that are associated with MSG-induced adverse reactions such as headache, diarrhea, chest pain, dizziness, palpitation, weakness, nausea/vomiting, abdominal cramps, chills, heartburn, unusual thirst, unusual perspiration, flushing sensation in face or chest, and tingling was ignored. Migraine headache, seizures, tachycardia, hives, skin rash, and depression, which were not offered as options, were not considered.
A 2011 study showed that MSG consumption directly correlates with weight gain.
Researchers measured the the MSG consumption of more than 10,000 adults in China over the course of roughly 5.5 years, weighing each participant before and after they were tracked for the study. On average, those with the highest MSG intake were 30 percent more likely to become overweight by the end of the study than those who consumed the least of the flavoring agent. After excluding those who were overweight at the beginning of the study, that figure rose to 33 percent.
Where is MSG used in food?
Truthinlabeling.org has a very good list of food ingredients that serve as msg-reaction triggers. Here are the items they say ALWAYS contain MSG.
They follow this up with an expansive explanation of still other ingredients in everything from personal care products to medications that may also trigger MSG reactions. It's crazy!
I've been avoiding low fat dairy products for some time, but still – THIS IS REALLY FRUSTRATING! So many of the food on the shelf in the grocery store have this stuff it's almost impossible to avoid. My pantry has already radically transformed over the years. I guess it just keeps transforming.
Want to learn more? Check out the book "Excitotoxins – The Taste That Kills" by Dr. Russell Blaylock. While Dr. Blaylock tends to be somewhat over the top at times for my personal preference, I feel that we need to increase awareness of the overuse of these substances, often to mask inferior quality ingredients.
Crazy, isn't it, how many additives are in our food? A friend and I were talking about pyrophosphate in canned tuna, trying to figure out what it was. Apparently, it's used to keep crystals from forming in the tuna. Why would there be crystals in the tuna? How long do they expect that stuff to sit on the shelf? Ewww!
I'd been suffering heart palpitations for years after I ate and I didn't know why. I wore heart monitors but 4 doctors didn't know why some foods were causing the PVC's. Now, after suffering frightening palpitations for 20 years, I finally discovered what it could be. Before, I didn't know what it was in my meal that was causing it, but after eating a single can of Campbell's Minestrone soup recently, I went into severe heart arrhythmia. A light bulb went off in my head- "It's not what I was eating, it was what was IN what I was eating: Monosodium Glutamate. Oh my gosh- after all these years, I began taking MSG out of my diet and guess what? The palpitations stopped. It's simply poison to those who are sensitive to it. Campbell's said, "No one has ever died from eating our soup," and I said, "How do you know?" Really- with 50 of their products carrying the poison, I wonder how many people had a heart attack in the world after eating a can and no one ever figured it out? What if? What if I have been eating something that was poisoning me for 20 years and didn't know it? What if it was the cause of my heart disease? And, how come I had to figure it out myself? Shouldn't the medical industry know that MSG can cause these types of effects? I'm angered by the possibility that others are experiencing the same thing. Campbell's is curious too. If you know of anyone, contact me at drmwvr111@yahoo.com. Together, maybe we can stop one companies use of a chemical that may have eventually killed me because I didn't know I was sensitive to it.
Wow – thanks for sharing your story. I've been wondering about this a lot since reading the interview with Dr. Blaylock. Several friends have been having heart pains since they've gotten older, and I can't help but wonder if there is some connection. I know it's all about selling more product. It just drives me nuts that the FDA hunts down retailers who post any health information about foods like coconut oil and cherry juice, yet they allow products that are poison to many (if not all) of us to be sold indiscriminately.
Thanks for linking your great post to FAT TUESDAY. This was very interesting and very thorough! Hope to see you next week!
I really really really appreciate this post. I am actively look at ingredients, but sometimes we still eat junk because we like pepperoni, deli meat, etc. But with this information in my mind now I just have to find an alternative to chemical filled meats. Yuck.
Kristine – one step at a time. In a perfect world, we'd all eat nothing but modest amounts of grassfed/pastured critter – then there's life. Start by cutting back, then work to cut out.
MSG is really bad for you. I know that after I eat a lot of it, it makes me sick. I try to avoid it the best I can, but it really is in almost everything.
Most fresh fruits and vegetables that haven't been processed are MSG-free. Tomatoes, which naturally contain MSG, are the exception. Fruits and vegetables that have been fermented, such as kimchi, sauerkraut and some types of pickles, may contain MSG, so these are best avoided if you can't tolerate MSG. Any canned or processed fruits and vegetables that have added seasonings or flavorings could have MSG, but those that just contain the fruit or vegetable don't.


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Mind Museum
One Blood EP
Written by: MN on 01/04/2014 16:04:27
Bristol-based outfit Mind Museum have previously been reviewed by us and the verdict was that despite MM's contagious, energetic and intense take on rock with punk elements, it unfortunately also is very streamlined and clean with no peculiarities/originalities to note. Indeed, the question remains whether Mind Museum can remain relevant in the swarm of driven rock bands such as Biffy Clyro, We Are The Ocean and Muse, each of which retain a popularity and uniqueness to boot. My first impressions of Mind Museum is that they pack a lot of power in their execution, and an inclination to melody and emotionally riveting lyrics. Something I know can captivate a significant audience.
Their 2011 release "The Power Of Three" was a mini album that contained some very uplifting and punk-driven compositions where tracks like "Rat Race" and "Everything Eventually" are in essence no-frills, envigorating pop punk. However, it was songs like "The Secret Of Happiness" which had some of the depth that was missing from previous records. Now back on the radar with yet another EP, the latest release "One Blood" clearly incorporates a more melancholic feel than previous records. Their sound, thankfully, has becomes less fluttery and more sincere. Vocalist Justin E. Percival's voice clearly works better in this format. In previous release, his vocals seemed a bit strained in some very rushed productions, here at least some of the songs are allowed to slowly blossom rather than be induced with steroids.
The punk elements are however not completely retired as songs like "Wake Up" contains an anthemic chorus not unlike earlier releases. "Lie To Me", which is also featured in a music video, displays Percival's vocals at their best, same goes for his efforts on "One Blood" where the emotive singing is cranked to the max in a song of friendship. Instrumentally, the songs contain no-frills modern rock that leave little room for experimentation, and for this reason it is clear that Mind Museum are trying to reach a very broad audience. "Answers" is a bit more raucuous than the rest of the tracks and is a nice change as the interplay between quiet and the heavier parts gives some excitement to the piece. The EP is sealed by "All The Kings Men" which is one of the better tracks, with the lyricism making for a refreshing ending to the record.
Mind Museum's newest release is without a doubt a worthwhile listen, but it does not seem like the band I would sit intently and listen to in hopes of new discoveries. Their music probably appeals to a wider audience and for that reason could probably garner a significant following. I would however like to see Mind Museum reduce the speed in their songwriting and allow some songs to further develop a little bit, perhaps let the instruments carry some of the creative weight. I would also like to see how Mind Museum handle recording a full length record eventually.
Download: One Blood, The Get Go, Wake Up
For The Fans Of: Thirty Seconds To Mars, Sent By Ravens, Echo Rain
Listen: facebook.com
Secret Chord Records


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Q: Is it useful to think of the natural numbers as a powerset of the primes? As a consequence of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, it seems that the powerset of the prime numbers uniquely identifies each natural number, $\mathbb{N_1}=\mathcal{P}(\mathbb{P})$ (here I'm assuming that the empty set corresponds to $1$). As someone who is still making the connections in mathematics, it would be of interest to know if this is a useful construction of the natural numbers - and if so, to what purpose?

A: This is false for two reasons: (a) infinite sets of primes do not determine a natural number; (b) your proposed representation can not account for natural numbers with a repeated prime factor.
Here are two statements which are true:
The set of square-free natural numbers corresponds naturally to the set of finite sets of primes.
The set of all natural numbers corresponds naturally to the set of finite multi-sets of primes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Michael has exclusively practiced family law since 2010. He has experience handling all aspects of family law matters, including dissolution of marriage, division of property, valuation and characterization of property, spousal and child support, child custody, and post-judgment modification and enforcement matters.
Michael has experience with complex dissolution matters, including working with experts on tracing, income available for support and business valuation issues. He has worked with clients throughout Northern California and all of the North Bay counties..
Michael earned his B.A. in Cultural Anthropology from the University of California, at Santa Cruz (2000) and his J.D. from Empire College School of Law (2008). He is a member of the California Bar Association and the Sonoma County Bar Association.
Michael has served as a volunteer for the Sonoma County Self-Help Access Center (2005) and as a member of the Board of Directors for the Luther Burbank Rose Parade & Festival (2014-2015).


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What is the deal with REITs?
Do I have to be a member of a bar association?
Any Big Lawyers with Narcolepsy or IH?
Deeply dissatisfied biglawyers, what type of work do you do?
How to Explain Being Let Go?


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Winnie the Pooh The New Musical – Charlotte, NC
Upcoming Events › Family
Charlotte – Blumenthal Performing Arts Center, 130 N Tryon Street
Winnie the Pooh The New Musical - Charlotte, NC - February 24 - 26, 2023
Monster Jam – Raleigh, NC
One event on March 19, 2022 at 1:00 am
Raleigh – PNC Arena, 1400 Edwards Mill Road
Raleigh, 27607 United States + Google Map
Monster Jam - Raleigh, NC - March 18 and 19, 2023
Ancient Aliens Live – Charlotte, NC
Charlotte – Bojangles Coliseum, 2700 East Independence Blvd
Charlotte, 28205 United States + Google Map
Ancient Aliens Live - Charlotte, NC - April 28, 2022
Blue's Clues & You! Live On Stage – Charlotte, NC
Blue's Clues & You! Live On Stage - Charlotte, NC - May 9, 2023
Frozen – Greensboro, NC
An event every day that begins at 1:00 am, repeating until June 4, 2023
Greensboro – Steven Tanger Center for the Performing Arts, 300 N Elm St
Greensboro, NC 27401 United States + Google Map
Frozen - Greensboro, NC - May 17 thru June 4, 2023


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				<guid>http://bvs.wikidot.com/forum/t-51231#post-188450</guid>
				<title>Can't edit</title>
				<link>http://bvs.wikidot.com/forum/t-51231/hot-picture-of-emosuke#post-188450</link>
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				<pubDate>Tue, 10 Jun 2008 06:06:38 +0000</pubDate>
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I can't edit either, so how about someone links to the correct mission http://bvs.wikidot.com/mission:emo-love instead of to the missions page.

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				<guid>http://bvs.wikidot.com/forum/t-51231#post-137853</guid>
				<title>New location</title>
				<link>http://bvs.wikidot.com/forum/t-51231/hot-picture-of-emosuke#post-137853</link>
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Um i tried to edit the page but couldn't, but any ways I found our just now you can get it from the Prize wheel as uncommon.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Homeopathy Is A "Therapeutic Dead-End" Says British Scientist
Could the treatments be losing steam in the U.S., too?
By Alexandra Ossola
Vials From A 19th-Century Homeopathic Medicine Chest
Wellcome Images/Wikimedia Commons CC By 4.0
Homeopathy, the form of alternative medicine in which proponents claim that small doses of natural substances can cure patient's ailments, has come under fire recently—Australia deemed the practice "useless" in 2014, and last year the FDA considered cracking down on unregulated treatments sold over the counter. Now homeopathy has received another blow: Paul Glasziou, a professor of evidence-based medicine at Bond University in the United Kingdom, called homeopathy a "therapeutic dead-end," according to a blog post published on the website of the British Medical Journal last week and covered by The Independent.
When Glasziou first started weighing the evidence for homeopathy, he writes, he had an open mind: "I had begun the journey with an "I don't know" attitude, curious about whether this unlikely treatment could ever work." But after considering 57 review studies that covered a total of 176 trials, he found no evidence that any of the experiments showed any positive results beyond the placebo effect. And while the placebo effect is certainly powerful enough in its own right, it can't stop the spread of infectious diseases like HIV or malaria. Delaying effective treatments in the hope that a homeopathic remedy will work is dangerous and risky, Glasziou writes.
But as scientists and journalists increasingly tout the lack of evidence supporting homeopathy, it's still big business in the U.S. 50 percent of Americans use some form of alternative medicine, supporting an industry of $34 billion per year, according to a 2013 book by Paul Offit, an infectious disease expert at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. But now, consumers have started to wonder about the efficacy and contents of other alternative treatments like nutritional supplements. And regulators in the FDA are paying more attention.
By calling homeopathy a "therapeutic dead-end," Glasziou implies that enough resources have been spent trying to prove that homeopathy works and it's time to use that funding to discover treatments that might be more effective than mere placebo. If that happens, maybe the tide will slowly shift away from homeopathy in the U.S., too.


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Category: Football
On 12.16.20 • In Football • by alex
Auburn graduate Vederian Lowe earned his secon postseason award at the University of Illinois by being named an honorable mention All-Big 10 offensive lineman. Lowe finished his fourth season as a starter for the Illini. He has played in 40 of his 44 career games for Illinois, starting 39, the last 33 in a row. […]
Leave Your Comments »
On 12.08.20 • In Baseball, Boys Basketball, Football, Girls Basketball, Soccer • by alex
A former major league baseball player and a tireless youth sports advocate are among the athletes, coaches and contributors who will be honored at the annual Rockford Public Schools Champions Ball and Athletic Hall of Fame.When the ceremony takes place, though, still is yet to be determined.Rockford Public Schools announced on Dec. 8 that its […]
Rockford Register Star writer Jay Taft this week detailed the path of Guilford's Julius Coates to big-time college football. The former Vikings wide receiver has filled out to 6-6, 289 pounds and, after stops at two different junior colleges, has turned himself into a disruptive defensive lineman for the University of Arkansas. Click here to […]
Guilford star QB excelling in Texas oil industry
HOUSTON – Sean Cook, who finished second in the NIC-10 in passing at Guilford and followed that up with an outstanding Division 1 college career, is thriving in the oil industry in Texas. In 1983, Cook passed for 1,037 yards at Guilford, leading the Vikings to a 6-3 record. He went from Rockford to Texas […]
Guilford football star still making sure things run smoothly
ROCKFORD – Drew Sweeney was one of the big reasons Montell Clanton was able to set District 205 rushing records that stood until this past fall. Sweeney was an All-NIC-9 tackle in 2002, opening the holes that Clanton burst through to win the conference rushing title. Sweeney continued to excel at Western Illinois University, where […]
Last thanks to East's super seniors
On 06.15.20 • In Baseball, Cross Country, Football, Girls Basketball, Golf, Swimming, Volleyball, Wrestling • by alex
In May, East announced its annual top awards and scholarship winners. Athletes of the Year: Roberto Davila and Kabrea Jamerson. Scholar Athletes of the Year: Hailey Hunter and Jack Bathje., Austin Rux Memorial Scholarship: Carter Wyatt. Craig Stalcup Memorial Scholarship: Tay'Veon Lake. Austin Rux was an East student who died just before his sophomore year […]
Jefferson football star now a star maker in California
Prince Vaughn III, a 1991 All-NIC-9 defensive end for the Jefferson J-Hawks, is carving out an increasingly large role for himself in the entertainment industry in California. Vaughn is the vice president of casting for UnRealistic Ideas in Burbank, Calif. The production company is owned by Mark Wahlberg among others and created the documentary "Run […]
Auburn wrestling great helps others reach goals in Denver
On 04.14.20 • In Football, Wrestling • by alex
Terry Griffis, the greatest wrestler in Auburn history, is a health and wellness trainer at the Colorado Athletic Club in Denver. At Auburn, Griffis was a three-time NIC-9 wrestling champion and three-time IHSA state qualifier at 189 pounds and heavyweight. He was 88-17 over his sophomore, junior and senior seasons. He also was a first […]
Guilford's Janusevic lands in San Diego
Jeff Janusevic, an All-NIC-10 defensive back for the Guilford Vikings, is a customer success representative for Teradata in San Diego. Janusevic played both quarterback and defensive back for the Vikings. His senior year, Guilford qualified for the playoffs and finished 5-5. As a quarterback, Janusevic completed 45 percent of his passes for 472 yards and […]
19 things to celebrate from 2019: No. 5 – Lake runs past record
Tay'Veon Lake was a little running back who left a big imprint in the Rockford School District record books. The 5-9, 160-pound Lake won the NIC-10 rushing title for the second straight year for East and shattered the Rockford Public Schools career rushing record along the way. Lake's final total of 3,095 yards soared past […]
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Court Upholds Sentence For British Pedophile
The Supreme Court on Wednesday upheld a five-year prison sentence for a British national convicted of purchasing child prostitution and committing indecent acts against minors.
Michael Jones, 55, was found guilty by the Phnom Penh Municipal Court of having sex with an 11-year-old girl and molesting three others aged 7 to 9 after a joint investigation by municipal anti-trafficking police and anti-pedophile NGO Action Pour Les Enfants (APLE) led to his arrest in June 2014.
"The Phnom Penh court sentenced him to eight years, the Appeal Court sentenced him to five years and the Supreme Court upheld the sentence," Supreme Court clerk Kim Thavro said on Thursday, adding that he did not know the reasoning behind the decision.
He said the verdict also included the confirmation of a 4 million riel (about $1,000) fine levied by the Appeal Court—$4,000 less than that imposed by the Phnom Penh court.
According to APLE, the decision also confirmed the deportation of Mr. Jones upon completion of his prison term.
sony@cambodiadaily.com
Source: https://www.cambodiadaily.com/news/court-upholds-sentence-british-pedophile-116592/
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Triangles appear everywhere is this design, both flat and three-dimensionally. D Nile is assembled from hundreds of small shapes composed in two different patterns but in the same colour way. A path has been cut through the middle where a line of origami has been attached. The origami are made from hand painted vellum paper growing is size as they tumble towards a larger paper painted container. Copper sheeting triangles have been strategically inserting and attached to the surface.


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Photo by courtesy of / courtoisie de Chester Krupa
Chester Krupa: His journey from hustling beats to producing stars
Story by Daniel Hartmann | Thursday June 23rd, 2022
How do you carve out a successful career in music? For Chester Krupa, a 25-year-old songwriter/producer whose work has been streamed more than a billion times on various platforms, the path to success required flexibility and ingenuity. As soon as he began making beats in his first year of University, he began sending them out to potential collaborators. "I was reaching out to people [cold calling], hustling, and trying to start relationships," he recalls.
This penchant for seeking out and wholeheartedly embracing opportunity eventually led to him collaborating with grandson, the critically acclaimed and commercially successful activist rap/rock/dance singer-songwriter. That partnership opened once unimaginable doors: working with an icon like Travis Barker; producing the song "Rain," featured in Suicide Squad 2; getting his work into the Fast and Furious movie, Netflix's original Riverdale, and in corporate placements for Marvel, Mercedes Benz, UFC, Taco Bell, Microsoft, and Air Canada; winning the $10,000 SOCAN Songwriting Prize in 2019; and more.
Early on, unsure about what career path he wanted to pursue after finishing high school, Krupa enrolled in a General Media Arts program at Toronto Metropolitan University (formerly Ryerson University). He would regularly have to record people and mix audio tracks for class assignments, which sparked his interest in audio engineering – and by extension, music production. He started routinely producing beats outside of class and sending them out to local artists and YouTubers. Within a few months, he was making music for one of the most popular YouTubers in the world, Casey Neistat.
"It was crazy," says Krupa. "I've always been a huge fan of his stuff, and this was right when he was about to do his daily vlogs. I found his e-mail [address] on his website and offered to make him beats. He said yes, and asked me to send him some stuff. I started sending 10, 15 songs a week to him, and he would use them in every one of his videos."
Meanwhile, Krupa was connecting with local Toronto artists and collaborating with them. His big break came when a local singer-songwriter he was working with, Blaise Moore, was signed by Interscope. "I was trying to leverage that while reaching out to people," says Krupa, "which was how I met my manager."
"I jump around a lot. I don't like [staying] with one thing"
His new manager, Prim8 Music, also represented grandson, and brought the pair together. "He told me they had one song that they couldn't quite figure out the production for, and asked if I wanted to take a stab at it," Krupa explains. The song that he helped out on was "Blood // Water," Grandson's second-highest charting song to date; For his work on the track, Krupa was a co-winner of the aforementioned 2019 SOCAN Songwriting Prize, alongside grandson and his longtime producer Kevin Hissink. Since then, Krupa has regularly worked with the rock/rap singer, most recently on his 2022 JUNO-nominated album Death of an Optimist.
Most of Krupa's work is done remotely, sending stems back and forth with Hissink, and sharing ideas via e-mails and voice messages. He feels he's grown significantly as a producer while working with grandson. "I wasn't ever producing rock music until I started working with him," he says. "It was diving in head-first and figuring it all out… People were bringing so many genres into his project – rock, hip-hop, electronic – and trying to meld it together. It's been a cool process to experiment; throwing things at the wall and seeing what sticks."
While working with grandson, Krupa has done production on tracks featuring stars like Jessie Reyez, Ke$ha, and one of his favorite artists growing up, Travis Barker. "I grew up listening to Blink 182, and getting stems for Travis Barker drums is a crazy experience," he says. "I've gotten to work with a lot of cool people on a record, [with] so many new perspectives, and learning new tricks."
The remainder of 2022 will have lots in store: more grandson work is coming out, as well as projects with high-profile artists like Quavo, Jason Derulo, and Swae Lee. Meanwhile, he's also been working tirelessly on an upcoming solo project.
Recently Krupa has found himself experimenting with pop and dance production, while also making songs specifically for TV shows and commercials. For him, taking risks is still the most important thing. "I jump around a lot," he says. "I don't like [staying] with one thing. Constantly doing different genres keeps your production skills fresh."
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Grandson, co-writers receive $10,000, other prizes, for "Blood/Water"
SOCAN Songwriting Prize 2019 winners visit our Toronto office
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Photo by Kim Yang
Pierre Kwenders: Healthy Collaborations
Story by Olivier Boisvert-Magnen | Tuesday June 28th, 2022
Pierre Kwenders couldn't be any prouder when we reached him on the phone. "I was really anxious for this album to finally come out," he says, almost relieved, as he discusses Jose Louis and the Paradox of Love.
Released in April 2022, Kwenders' third solo album (sung in Lingala, French, English, Tshiluba, and Kikongo) arrives five years after his Félix-winning and Polaris short-listed predecessor, MAKANDA at The End of Space, the Beginning of Time. "I started working on the third one immediately after the second," he says. "My goal, initially, was to release something in 2020, but we all know what happened… It gave me a lot of time, and I'm very grateful that I had that time. It allowed me to fine-tune my work, to re-write some of the lyrics, and to end up with something near-perfect."
This time also allowed the Québécois artist to bring together an impressive lineup of collaborators from around the world, including Parisian producer, DJ, and singer Sônge, French-Senegalese artist anaiis, Chilean producers Esqo and Carlomarco, as well as Portuguese DJ and producer João Branko Barbosa, of Buraka som Sistema fame. Through it all, Kwenders acts as a conductor.
"I'm comfortable in that role. My main goal is to give my collaborators space to express themselves, even though they're in Pierre Kwenders' realm," he explains. "We artists generally have big egos. I even have a song titled "Ego" [a 2020 duet with Clément Bazin]. But it's important to set that aside to give way to a healthy collaboration."
The song "L.E.S." (which stands for "Liberté, Égalité, Sagacité") is a perfect example of this "healthy collaboration" philosophy. Zimbabwean-American producer Tendai Baba Maraire – ex-member of the experimental rap duo Shabaaz Palaces, and Kwenders's loyal collaborator – initiated the composition, before re-working it with producer and DJ King Britt at his home in Philadelphia.
"It was going well, but I still had no words, something was missing," says the Montréal-based Kwenders. "And at some point in 2019, I was in New Orleans, and Tendai was there, too. I called Win Butler and Régine Chassagne [the two members of Arcade Fire who live there], and we just started jamming. The energy was unbelievable. I grabbed a mic and we started recording. My voice as you hear it on that track is the actual recording from that jam session. I kept it as is. The problem was that the song was now 35 minutes long!" he laughs. "I came back to it with a clear head, and we boiled it down to a nine-minute version."
As the album's opener, the song sends a clear message: "It says, 'I'm inviting you, welcome to my idyll.' It's a journey, a call that begins with the sound of percussion and guitars that build gradually," says Kwenders. "The energy level slow grows and grows." Step by step, we enter the realm of this sonically rich and diversified album, which goes through ambient and dance-ier phases, peppered with electro, pop, R&B, Congolese rhumba, and coupé-décalé, Côte d'Ivoire genre that's conquering the world, thanks to its percussion, African music samples, and penetrating bass.
Jose Louis and the Paradox of Love bears the traces of Kwenders' travels over the past four years, notably in Santiago, Lisbon, Seattle, New York, and Philadelphia – all of them cities where the album was recorded. "Travelling opens your mind," says the man who's travelled the world with his Moonshine events, an evening of music that's become emblematic of Montréal's nightlife. "That's how you come in contact with other cultures, and see how other people live. Each time I leave to go somewhere, I want to discover new artists."
It would be a misnomer to say Kwenders' third album is a collaboration album, if only because, in the words of its creator, it's his "most personal to date.
"These last few years, I was involved in romantic relationships that made me think a lot. Thinking about myself, my sexuality. I felt like recounting my experiences, the man I've become," he confides. "I limited my self-expression for a long time. I've learned to be a better version of me while I was working on this album."
"Your Dream," a duet with Québécois singer-songwriter Ngabo, is an affirmation of Kwenders as an artist. The song is especially dedicated to his mother, whose voice – on a grainy voicemail recording – can be heard at the beginning and end of the song.
"That song is a love letter," says Kwenders. "It's my way of thanking my mom, despite her doubts about my intentions when I quit accounting to dive into music. I came up with this song to reassure her, to tell her that deep down, it's thanks to the education she gave me that I'm the artist I am today. Our parents have wonderful dreams for us, but sometimes we have different dreams, and we shouldn't stop ourselves from living them. We must embrace them and live them fully."
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Photo by courtesy of / courtoisie de Charlie B
For DJ Charlie B, the studio is like the classroom
Story by A. Harmony | Thursday June 16th, 2022
Before he became one of Canada's most renowned DJs, Charlie B was a kindergarten teacher. In the wee hours, he would be in the club on the 1s and 2s, or in the studio working with then-emerging GTA exports like Tory Lanez or Preme (formerly known as P Reign). By day, he was helping 30 schoolkids learn how to write their names.
"It's crazy, because during that time, P Reign had a song coming out with Drake," says Charlie B. "We waited so long to try to get this song; countless hours in the studio, working so hard. And finally, P Reign gets the song with Drake, and it's Labour Day Weekend, and I've got work on Tuesday. I'm over here teaching kids how to walk in a straight line, all while this song was out." Though Charlie, born Ajay Saxena, juggled teaching and music for three years, in 2016, he decided to make a leap and pursue music full-time.
Since then, he's toured the world and worked with hip-hop standouts like Cardi B, Rick Ross, and DJ Khaled, the latter of whom he cites as a mentor. Most recently, Charlie released his first full-length album, Across the Board, which features hand-picked talent from all over Toronto. "I've been working on [the album] for the last two years," he says. "It's my view on talent in this city. I've been able to be in the studio and create with these artists. We've built these records together, collectively. And I'm super-proud of how it came out."
For Charlie, in-person recording sessions were crucial to creating the album. "I was really adamant [about] having the artists coming to the studio and us building the song together," he says. "Saying, 'Hey, listen, this the concept I'm thinking about, this is the vibe.' I'd play them some beats from my producers and essentially executive-produce these songs."
Patience was another key ingredient in his creative process. If a song didn't quite have the flavour he was looking for, he didn't try to force things. This approach helped him and Driftwood rapper Pressa come up with the infectious single "Glitch."
"Me and Pressa were in L.A., and we were working on music, and I just felt like we hadn't gotten what we could have," says Mr. B. "I didn't want to rush it. Just because you lock in a studio with an artist, doesn't mean that you're gonna get the record you want the same day. It doesn't work like that."
Teacher's Tips
Ever the teacher, Charlie B has three tips for other up-and-coming rappers.
"Never stop networking. Your network is obviously your net worth. Keep expanding on that."
"Be consistent. Never, never give up. Keep going!"
"It's very important to have good mentors and good life coaches in your corner that can guide you. I think we all need that in our lives."
The creative spark they needed would be ignited weeks later on Charlie's birthday weekend. He and Pressa were at Quad Studios, the legendary Times Square recording space that's been used by everyone from Mariah Carey to Jay-Z. A change of location made everything click. "We were in New York, it's Quad, and I'm working on my birthday," says Charlie. "[I said] 'Let's try'. And we got one out, and we were really happy with the final product. It was in a memorable studio too, so that was even better".
Known as "Mr. Canada," Charlie aimed, with Across the Board, not just to put a spotlight on Toronto, but to help illuminate the possibilities for local artists. "I want to give these kids experiences," he says. "If we can do something to make these kids believe that they can get out of the streets, that's the most important thing to me. I love seeing the kids in Toronto live their passion; live their dreams. There's nothing happier for me than to see these kids on the stage doing their thing."
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This flu season, as in the past, millions of Americans will become infected with the flu, resulting in more than 200,000 hospitalizations and thousands of deaths. "Powerful new germicidal tools coupled with typical infection practices can minimize flu exposure to help prevent infection, but the level of success in stopping epidemics is tied directly to the level of everyone's participation," stated Dr. Wladyslaw Kowalski, PhD, PE, one of the foremost experts and authors on airborne infection control, UV germicidal irradiation systems for hospital infection control, and consultant to UV Flu Technologies (OTCBB: UVFT).
People spread the flu viruses by coughing, sneezing, or talking, which creates tiny droplets that carry the flu viruses, according to the Centers For Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). These droplets can land in the mouths, noses or eyes of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. Less often, a person might also get flu by touching an object that has flu virus on it and then touching their mouth, nose or eyes.
"You want to reduce your exposure to the flu virus as much as possible to help prevent infecting yourself or your family since it can infect anyone," emphasized Bryan Stone, MD, Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Chief of Medicine for Desert Regional Medical Center, and expert consultant for medical application and technology development, including tech development for UV Flu Technologies, which manufactures RxAir® Air Purification Systems.
It is important for you, and everyone around you, to get the vaccination each year to decrease the total exposure to flu viruses. The fewer people infected, the fewer viruses that are produced, thus minimizing everyone's exposure to the virus.
Relatively new, powerful ultraviolet (UV-C) light air purification technologies are important flu prevention tools because they destroy all flu virus strains in the air, including those not in the current vaccines. A UV air purifier reduces exposure for everyone in the room, whether they've been vaccinated or not. The RxAir Air Purifier's patented kill chamber and industrial-strength, high-intensity UV-C lights have been proven in independent EPA- and FDA-certified laboratory testing to destroy on first pass more than 99% of flu and other harmful viruses and bacteria that cause the cold, MRSA (staph), strep (whooping cough), TB, measles, pneumonia and a myriad of other antibiotic-resistant and viral infections.
Hands should be washed thoroughly and frequently, front and back, with ordinary soap (antibacterial soap offers very limited advantage), then dried, and then a disinfectant (i.e. alcohol-based) can be used to provide longer-term protection. People should avoid touching their eyes, nose and mouth. Frequently touched objects and surfaces that viruses fall onto should be sanitized with disinfectant regularly to minimize transferring viruses when touched.
When someone is visibly ill, coughing or sneezing, stay at least 6 feet away; better yet, exit the room to avoid inhaling flu viruses they expel into the air. People who have the flu or are closely tending to those with flu symptoms should stay home from school or work so they don't infect others. If you encounter someone who has been around a sick person try to: keep your distance; disinfect any surfaces they may have touched; and use an air purifier in the room to diminish your viral exposure.
"Your viral exposure will never be zero if you go where other people congregate; however, by taking these four steps to minimize viral exposure, you're giving your body's immune system, and those people around you, a fighting chance to avoid getting ill," stated Dr. Stone.