text:
package com.algorithm.recursion;

/**
 * http://www.careercup.com/question?id=5762415492857856
 */
public class MinimumEditForReversePolishNotation {

	public int minimum(char input[]) {
		return minimum(input, 0, 0);
	}

	private int minimum(char input[], int pos, int countXs) {
		if (pos == input.length) {
			// we should be always be left with 1 x otherwise notation is
			// incomplete
			if (countXs > 1) {
				return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
			}
			return 0;
		}
		// if input is x we can have x as it is or delete it or convert it to *.
		// So basically we try all those options below
		// If input is * we can take 2 xs and conver it to one x. If we dont
		// have
		// 2xs then we can either delete this * or convert it to x.
		// Remember adding anything does not make any sense since deleting
		// things
		// can achieve same things unless cost of adding is different from
		// deleting
		if (input[pos] == 'x') {
			int v1 = minimum(input, pos + 1, countXs + 1);
			int v2 = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
			if (countXs > 1) {
				v2 = minimum(input, pos + 1, countXs - 1);
				v2 = (v2 != Integer.MAX_VALUE ? v2 + 1 : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
			}
			int v3 = minimum(input, pos + 1, countXs);
			v3 = (v3 != Integer.MAX_VALUE ? v3 + 1 : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
			return Math.min(Math.min(v1, v2), v3);
		} else {
			if (countXs >= 2) {
				return minimum(input, pos + 1, countXs - 1);
			} else {
				int v1 = minimum(input, pos + 1, countXs);
				v1 = (v1 != Integer.MAX_VALUE ? v1 + 1 : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
				int v2 = minimum(input, pos + 1, countXs + 1);
				v2 = (v2 != Integer.MAX_VALUE ? v2 + 1 : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
				return Math.min(v1, v2);
			}
		}
	}

	public static void main(String args[]) {
		MinimumEditForReversePolishNotation mef = new MinimumEditForReversePolishNotation();
		System.out.println(mef.minimum("xxxx*x*x*".toCharArray()));
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Meet jewellery designer maker Oorla Morgan. Her beautiful collection – Oorla Jewellery (listed in the FBWL directory here)- is hand crafted, contemporary and wonderfully wearable. She works from a studio at The Medicine Garden in Surrey which looks to be a real find. We asked Oorla to tell us more – and to share a few of her latest loves and inspirations.
I am a jewellery designer/maker based near Hampton Court. I have always been a bit of a magpie. When I was finally allowed to get my ears pierced at 13 I was introduced to the delights of the bead shop, 'Creativity' in Bristol (still there) Hours and hours were spent selecting the most beautiful beads and charms and creating jewellery from them. I was hooked!
After a completing an art degree at Oxford Brookes University I went into teaching, continuing to make things for friends and family in my spare time.
I realised there was a gap in the market for affordable but unique wedding jewellery and made tiaras and bridesmaid gifts for a few years until leaving my teaching career after starting a family. I felt that this was my opportunity to change course and set up Oorla Jewellery in 2010 to focus on my passion for making jewellery full time. Shortly after, a friend of a friend was looking for tutors for her new craft workshop business at The Medicine Garden and asked me to teach jewellery making. That was a pivotal point for me.
When the Medicine Garden set up an Art Gallery and offered me a space I was delighted! I honestly believe that everything I have experienced and learned through my teaching career and interests have lead me to this point in my life.
I make contemporary gemstone jewellery with an organic feel. I am inspired by the natural world particularly colour, texture and pattern. I am also very drawn to ancient jewellery where you can see the hand of the maker in the piece. I'm very attached to my hammer! In nature there are tiny variations which make every pattern, colour and texture unique. Nothing is uniform or absolutely perfect and this for me is what makes it interesting.
I want my work to be the opposite of machine made. Perfectly imperfect. I use sterling silver, Thai Hilltribe silver for it's handmade aesthetic and the fact that it supports the artisans of Northern Thailand whose skills have been passed down through generations.
I also use gold filled wherever possible. This is a layer of solid gold, heat and pressure bonded either side of a base layer of brass. The resulting metal sheet and wire has a layer of gold more than 100 times thicker than gold plate and is considered a life time product second only in quality to solid gold.
Its durability enables me to make jewellery that will not tarnish, peel or flake. Colour and sparkle is added with gorgeous gemstones from Jaipur.
I've recently been extending my quartz druzy range. These stones have gorgeous texture and sparkle because of their crystalline surface created over thousands of years by water dripping through porous rock. Each one is unique and skilfully hand cut by artisans.
They are some of my most popular pieces and epitomise my style.
Can you tell us a little about the Medicine Garden and why you chose to work there?
The Medicine Garden is a Victorian walled garden in Cobham, Surrey. It was the kitchen garden for Cobham Park House owned by the Combe family (famous for their Brewery) The garden was known for growing exotic fruits all around the walls. Between the wars the road was built which cuts the house off from the garden and the garden fell into disrepair.
Landscape gardener Paul Studholme took over the lease and renovated the garden and its buildings, creating a courtyard community of independent small businesses.
It's a fantastic antidote to the uniformity of the High street with a range of locally made gifts and products and locally sourced quality food and drink. The garden is a gorgeous spot to relax and unwind with a coffee and cake on a sunny day whilst the children play safely in the little play area. Alternatively the Fig tree terrace is a perfect sun trap to enjoy a glass of wine and nibbles with friends and is next to the newly re opened restaurant – The Hothouse eatery.
The Art Shed is our little gallery where 15 local artists and makers exhibit our work. Great care is taken in selecting artists to join the gallery to ensure an interesting variety of media. We have photography, fused and stained glass, jewellery, painting, sculpture and a broad range of ceramic work. At least one of us is at the gallery every day. We have a new exhibition every 3 months and host open evenings for our customers at least twice a year with music from local musicians, free drinks and nibbles and all our artists on hand to chat about our work. For the more energetic there are plenty of classes from yoga, pilates and Tai Chi to boot camp. If you feel like learning a new skill or polishing up an old one there are also regular workshops on site from calligraphy to photography and flower arranging. Check out the website for details.
The garden has a very special atmosphere which you notice as soon as you enter the gate. It really is a place to slow down and relax and I absolutely love working there. We have such interesting customers and it's fantastic to speak to them about any of the 15 local artists who exhibit in the Art Shed. Thanks to their continued support we won best gallery in Surrey for the last two years (Muddy Stilettos blog) which is something we are extremely proud of especially as we were up against some real heavy weight galleries like the Lightbox in Woking. It's very rewarding to know that our customers value what we do.
What's your favourite way to start the day & when do you start work?
I really love to start the day with a hot water and lemon juice in the garden followed by a walk with my camera. When I can I cycle up to the park for sunrise. There's something so special about being there at dawn watching the wildlife wake up before the hoards descend! The beauty of working for myself is the flexibility so I can change my days around to suit the weather or whatever work I have on and around the children. My only fixed day is at the Medicine Garden about once a week.
My working day starts properly at about 8.30 when I check emails and messages and then start work on orders and commissions. I try and get up and move around every 40 minutes or so as my eyes and neck need a break! If I've finished a commission I photograph it before packaging and sending it off. I like to include a hand written calligraphy card with each order. I work until the kids get home doing the odd bit of housework in between and I drink a LOT of tea! The evenings are usually spent editing photos, creating posts for social media, and updating the website and my accounts before a final check of emails. I do admit to getting side tracked by all the fabulous images on Instagram.
I must be more disciplined with my time! It's so easy to fritter away the hours on social media!
Tea!! And lots of it!
Top tips for enabling creativity?
I always feel inspired when I walk around Bushy Park or by the river with my camera. I am fascinated by detail and macro photography enables me to capture the close up textures and patterns and properly examine how natural objects such as flowers are constructed. I have recently taken up sketching again. I haven't kept a sketchbook for years and once I discovered pinterest I didn't really see the need as I could collect all the inspiring images I wanted on my many boards. But recently my work is taking on a different direction and I want to be focusing in on the shapes and patterns that appeal to me from my own photographs and from pinterest images that could translate well into jewellery. When I'm struggling I head off to the park or other times to the V & A or the Tate to get the creative juices flowing again.
Just getting outside always makes me feel happy. Watching the changes in nature in all conditions is so calming and there is always, always something new to observe. I also love to visit Kempton antiques fair when it's on. Loads of inspiration there together with fabulous Items for my displays at the Art Shed.
Your approach to achieving your goals?
I have a business plan which I review every January. I admit that I find it hard so I enlisted the help of Clare Yarwood-White for some business mentoring to support me with all the parts of running my own business that I tend to avoid like, planning, accounting, record keeping etc. She helped me so much with working out what I want to achieve with my business, what my brand stands for and creating a strategy and timetable to work towards my goals. She also encouraged me to review my achievements each year. It's a really positive thing to look back and evaluate what has worked and why and possibly even more importantly what hasn't worked and how to tweak things accordingly. I would highly recommend her.
Best place to watch the world go by?
I am lucky enough to live near the river and some great independent cafes. Thyme by the river at Molesey Boat Club has a fantastic roof terrace overlooking the Thames. A stunning spot for sitting with a coffee or a glass of wine and watching the boats, the rowers and the ducks!
I love Liberty because of the vast array of gorgeous design you can find there. It's a must visit every time I get up to London.
It has to be my camera. It is only an entry level digital SLR but I have a couple of prime macro lenses and it's fairly light so easy to carry out on walks and I love capturing the beauty of our local area. I would be lost without it.
Woodland Gardens in Bushy park particularly at this time of year. It's like stepping into a fairy tale with meandering streams, stunning planting, and a variety of wildlife. I fell in love with it when my daughter was a baby. It was so magical: we shared our picnics with a tame fox, and the ducks and watched the tiny details of the changing seasons.
What are you passionate about right now?
I'm passionate about supporting local small businesses. Obviously I have one myself and so do many of my friends. How much better is it to support individuality, originality and your local economy than lining the pockets of big corporations? I also think it's a wonderful feeling knowing you are enabling someone to keep being creative and forming a relationship with the maker. There is too much uniformity on most High Streets. I'd love to see lots more co-operative ventures for local independent micro businesses.
Best local find for lovers of design?
I would say Belle Epoque in East Molesey. Owned by lovely husband and wife team Matt and Tammy Court, It is a treasure trove of beautiful antique furniture and vintage finds all skilfully restored by Matt and selected and exquisitely displayed by Tammy. The shop is constantly changing and is always really beautiful. I could spend hours in there lusting after the antique chandeliers. They are a huge support to local makers too and host fabulous community events throughout the year with locally made food and products and lots of prosecco. if you love unique and quirky, stylish pieces. If you are looking for something in particular, Tammy will seek it out for you.
Best local place for rummaging antique finds?
Kempton Market. It's huge and I love getting up before dawn in the winter and looking at everything with my torch, it feels as if you are going on a treasure hunt! You never quite know what you will find! . You can get a great bacon bap whilst you're there too! But sadly I hear the racecourse has been sold for housing so it's days are numbered.
My reason for making is my belief that jewellery should be stylish and long lasting and should bring the wearer joy. I am inspired by the beauty of nature in its perfect imperfection and I try to capture some of the most beautiful colour combinations, patterns and textures that I see around me.
I love the intricacy, craftsmanship and sheer beauty of Alex Monroe's jewellery.
My friend Carrie of Fairplay clothing buys hand woven textiles, empowering communities of artisans around the world and also recycles old clothes into new children's clothes which is so important in our throw away society.
I also love Claire Hardwick-Wilson's beautiful acrylic paintings with their gorgeous textures and calming colours.
Keep persevering! I can honestly say that I have learnt something from every experience I've had along the way. Often the best way to learn is from your mistakes and look for the benefits in every situation. You may not make lots of money at a fair for example but you will network and make contacts that can benefit your business in other ways. It's not always about the short term gain. And accept that you can't be good at all aspects of running your own business. So don't be afraid to seek out help with areas that you find challenging.
What are you listening to, reading. Watching right now?
I'm just finishing Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine – a brilliant book, really funny and touching.
I've recently been binge watching Marcella – very dark but so well done.
I love listening to jazz funk and acid jazz with a bit of Ed Sheeran too whilst I work I can often be heard caterwauling along!
I think a good balance of work and play is very important. I consider myself supremely lucky to be able to do what I love and so my work never feels like work. I don't think money brings happiness (luckily!!) I am fortunate to be able to earn enough to keep doing what I love. Environment is very important to me. Being able to get out into nature and see beauty. I also couldn't survive without my friends and family. Spending time with the people I love makes me very happy.
I'd like to increase my list of stockists so next year I need to do a trade show.
Long term it would be amazing to have a collection at Liberty!
Find all the information you need to browse and shop from Oorla's website or to connect with her on social media.


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Only post Nintendo related content.
Do not directly link to ROM websites.
No buying, selling, or trading anything.
Launch Day has arrived. Stores opened early. Lines formed the night before.
Did you participate in the launch and pick up a Switch? or are you waiting until more games come out?
Are you skipping the Switch for now and just picking up Zelda for the Wii U instead?
Launch Day has arrived. Stores opened early. Lines formed the night before. Did you participate in the launch and pick up a Switch? or are you waiting until more games come out? Are you skipping the Switch for now and just picking up Zelda for the Wii U instead?
I'm not too stoked on the games coming out for it, will keep my eyes open though.
I really wanna play Breath of the Wild, so even though I told myself I wasn't buying another console I may break down and get one.
There's always the WiiU version.
Yeah, but I don't have one of those, and I dont want to buy one just in time for the last Nintendo title on the platform. Plus it's not going to be as HD.
I did. It is waiting for me to get off work.
Woot! Start a thread with your unbox/setup/system update experience.
No money, saving to build a PC. Might get Zelda on Wii U. Waiting until Splatoon 2 until I get a Switch, and I am not paying more than MSRP for the Switch.
Yeah. The scalper situation is going to escalate quickly. I'll bet there's already a few on eBay for $500 by now.
I checked eBay already and it is going for around the price you say.
Ain't no way Nintendo is getting any more of my money. If switch gets good CFW I might pick up a used one eventually.
Oh man, I completely forgot about the homebrew potential. A good CFW could make tablet mode really fun, especially with the right emulators. Maybe get Quake and Doom running on the thing.
While you wait to see what develops Switch-wise, 3DS has been cracked wide open for piracy and homebrew both. Arm9LoaderHax even makes it so firmware updates can't bork your crack.
I'm skipping the Switch for now.
Knowing Nintendo's track record, there's probably only going to be a handful of them in my area, so even if I got in line at some insane, worse-than-Black-Friday line, I still might be stuck in a situation where the store gets 6 units and I'm #10 in line.
There's effectively just Zelda right now. I'm not a huge fan of 3D Zelda games (2D isometric Zelda's FTW) so basically there's nothing for me to play right now.
Mario Kart is usually a system-seller for me. As an avid player of MK8 on the WiiU (with all the DLC), I'm not too keen on buying MK8 all over again.
I'm not a fan of 3D Mario games, so unless a "New Super Mario Bros Switch" or a "Super Mario Maker Switch" gets announced, I'm kind of blah on the Mario front.
I'm skipping the Switch for now. A few reasons: 1. Knowing Nintendo's track record, there's probably only going to be a handful of them in my area, so even if I got in line at some insane, worse-than-Black-Friday line, I still might be stuck in a situation where the store gets 6 units and I'm #10 in line. 2. There's effectively just Zelda right now. I'm not a huge fan of 3D Zelda games (2D isometric Zelda's FTW) so basically there's nothing for me to play right now. 3. Mario Kart is usually a system-seller for me. As an avid player of MK8 on the WiiU (with all the DLC), I'm not too keen on buying MK8 all over again. 4. I'm not a fan of 3D Mario games, so unless a "New Super Mario Bros Switch" or a "Super Mario Maker Switch" gets announced, I'm kind of blah on the Mario front.


text:
- Advocacy & Referral
- Student Complaint Procedure
- Career Development Services
- Commencement
- Dean's List
- Mentoring Program
- Pre-Professional Advising
PART-TIME STUDENT COMPLETION AWARD
DREAMers Scholarship
- Welcome
- CUNY Policy on Academic Integrity
- Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Hunter College Senate Report on Academic Integrity [pdf]
- Procedures for Reporting Violations
- Reporting Violations Flowchart [pdf]
- Resources to Promote Academic Integrity
Behavioral Response Team (BRT)
Diversity and Compliance
The Hunter Envoy
College Association
CHILDREN'S LEARNING CENTER
COUNSELING & WELLNESS SERVICES
• Pre-Business Advising
• Pre-Health Advising
• Pre-Law Advising
RESIDENCE LIFE/LIVING AT HUNTER
You are here: Home → Division of Student Affairs → STUDENT CONDUCT → Academic Integrity → - Procedures for Reporting Violations
Procedures for Reporting Academic Integrity Violations
To initiate the procedure for addressing an allegation of academic dishonesty, faculty members must complete the online Academic Integrity Form indicating the recommended academic sanction, which involves a grade penalty (i.e., a reduced grade). Disciplinary sanctions may only be pursued by the Dean of Students if the case merits them.
I. Procedure for Academic Sanctions
A. When the faculty member suspects academic dishonesty and wants an academic sanction, the professor should first confer with the student. If the student admits to the violation, the instructor should inform the student of the grade penalty and report the action taken on the online Academic Integrity Form and upload all supporting documentation [pdf]. The faculty should sign the online form and submit it within 30 days of discovery of the academic dishonesty. The Office of Student Conduct will contact the student once we receive a completed online form. Faculty members must submit the online form within 30 days of discovery of the academic dishonesty.
B. If the student admits to academic dishonesty but believes the grade penalty is too severe, the instructor should select the appropriate option on the online Academic Integrity Form, upload supporting documentation and submit it online. The Dean of Students shall submit a placeholder grade of "PEN" or "pending" if occurrence is during the middle of the semester. The instructor shall submit a place holder grade of "INC" or "incomplete" if occurrence is towards the end of the semester AND the student contests or is unresponsive. The student may contest the grade sanction by appealing the course grade through the College's grade appeal procedure. Once the student has admitted the violation, s/he may contest only the severity of the grade sanction, not the dishonesty allegation itself. If the student appeals the grade, the Departmental and Senate Grade Appeals Committees should send copies of their findings to the Hunter College Academic Integrity Official.
C. If the student denies the allegation of academic dishonesty, the faculty member will report that this is the student's position on the online Academic Integrity Form and submit a grade of "INC" or incomplete if case is discovered at the conclusion of the semester. The matter will first be reviewed by the Academic Integrity Official who will conduct a fact finding investigation and attempt to resolve the matter. If the matter cannot be resolved then Mediation will be proposed between both parties with a third party member. If the case is not resolved through Mediation then it will be moved to an official hearing before the Faculty-Student Disciplinary Committee who will render judgment upon conclusion of the hearing. The student has the right to appeal the Committee's judgment by appealing with the President's Office.
D. Students who either admit to an act of academic dishonesty or are found to have committed one by the Academic Integrity Official will receive a letter from Hunter College's Academic Integrity Official notifying them that this matter has been reported to the Dean of Students Office. When an academic integrity accusation is resolved by the Faculty-Student Disciplinary Committee, the student and faculty member will be notified of the findings.
II. Procedure for Disciplinary Sanctions
A. The Dean of Students has the right to pursue disciplinary sanctions against any student should the case deem appropriate, which includes substantial violations, if the student has prior violations, or when academic sanctions were not executed because the student withdrew from the course.
III. Faculty-Student Disciplinary Committee
The purpose of the Faculty-Student Disciplinary Committee is to review evidence when an academic sanction is being sought and when the allegations of academic dishonesty are still in dispute after meetings with the Academic Integrity Official and Mediator have occurred. The Committee will proceed in the following manner:
1. If the charge of academic dishonesty is denied by the student, the faculty member will advise the student that the matter has been referred to the Hunter College Academic Integrity Official, who will initiate the fact-finding process.
2. A panel of three Faculty-Student Disciplinary Committee members will be selected and convened by Hunter College Academic Integrity Official to review the evidence for each case.
3. The committee will deliberate in closed session (i.e., with neither student nor instructor present) and submit its findings, in writing, to the Hunter College Academic Integrity Official, who will then notify the faculty member and student. Although faculty members reserve the right to submit grades whenever they deem appropriate, they are encouraged not to submit grades for the disputed work or a final course grade until they have been notified of the committee's findings. Students may appeal the final course grade through the College's grade appeal process.
Committee Structure
Each faculty-student disciplinary committee shall consist of two (2) faculty members or one (1) faculty member and one (1) member of the Higher Education Officer series (HEO), and two (2) student members and a chairperson, who shall be a faculty member. A quorum shall consist of the chairperson and any two (2) members, one of whom must be a student. Hearings shall be scheduled promptly (including during the summers) at a convenient time and efforts shall be made to insure full student and faculty representation.
The president shall select in consultation with the head of the appropriate campus governance body or where the president is the head of the governance body, its executive committee, three (3) members of the faculty of that college to receive training training upon appointment and to serve in rotation as chairperson of the disciplinary committee. The following schools shall be required to select two (2) chairpersons:, CUNY School of Law, Guttman Community College, CUNY School of Professional Studies, and the CUNY School of Journalism. If none of the chairpersons appointed from the campus can serve, the president, at her/his discretion, may request that a chairperson be selected by lottery from the entire group of chairpersons appointed by other colleges. The chairperson shall preside at all meetings of the faculty-student disciplinary committee and decide and make all rulings for the committee. She/he shall not be a voting member of the committee but shall vote in the event of a tie.
The faculty members shall be selected by lot from a panel of six (6) elected biennially by the appropriate faculty body from among the persons having faculty rank or faculty status. CUNY School of Law, Guttman Community College, CUNY School of Professional Studies, and the CUNY School of Journalism shall be required to select four (4) faculty members. The HEO members shall be selected by lot from a panel of six (6) HEO appointed biennially by the president. CUNY School of Law, Guttman Community College, CUNY School of Professional Studies, and the CUNY School of Journalism shall be required to select four (4) HEO's. The student members shall be selected by lot from a panel of six (6) elected annually in an election in which all students registered at the college shall be eligible to vote. CUNY School of Law, Guttman Community College, CUNY School of Professional Studies, and the CUNY School of Journalism shall be required to select four (4) students. In the event that the student or faculty panel or both are not elected, or if more panel members are needed, the president shall have the duty to select the panel or panels which have not been elected. No individuals on the panel shall serve on the panel for more than four (4) consecutive years. Notwithstanding the above, in cases of sexual assault, stalking and other forms of sexual violence, the president shall designate from the panels one (1) chairperson, two (2) faculty/HEO members, and two (2) students, who shall be specially trained on an annual basis, and who shall constitute the faculty-student disciplinary committee in all such cases.
In the event that the chairperson cannot continue, the president shall appoint another chairperson. In the event that a seat becomes vacant and it is necessary to fill the seat to continue the hearing, the seat shall be filled from the respective faculty, HEO, or student panel by lottery.
Each academic year, the chief student affairs officer, and her or his designee, shall appoint/identify one or more college employees to serve as presenters for the hearings. This list shall be forwarded to the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs, and the Office of the General Counsel and Sr. Vice Chancellor for Legal Affairs prior to the first day of the academic year.
Persons who are to be participants in the hearings as witnesses or have been involved in preferring the charges or who may participate in the appeals procedures or any other person having a direct interest in the outcome of the hearing shall be disqualified from serving on the committee.
IV. Clarification of the Process
All questions regarding these procedures or the College's disciplinary process should be referred to the Office of Student Conduct in the Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs and Dean of Students (Room 1103, East Building, phone 212.772.4534 or 212.396.6484, or email student.conduct@hunter.cuny.edu).
e: colleen.barry@hunter.cuny.edu
e: sharmeen.ahmed@hunter.cuny.edu
e: student.conduct@hunter.cuny.edu
Room 1103, East Building, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065
Division of Student Affairs website feedback:
Room 1103, East Building

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


BRAIN STATION 51 is your qualified partner for Digital Marketing Solutions with its key focus on Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) / Adobe Marketing Cloud and related applications. Extensive experience exists also with comparable products like Sitecore. Apart from that we can deliver any process item in the digital marketing value chain.
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BRAIN STATION 23 is an Adobe Partner having constantly trained developers in order to deliver a first-class solution & service to you. And we are proud of our colleagues in Dhaka, Bangladesh, having workplace standards comparable to Western-European countries.


Review Summary: This film is of 'world cinema' quality on international circuit. On a whole, Midhunam is a film that every Telugu person should watch.
Imagine a movie with only two characters! The only other voice that comes is heard only in the 43rd minute of the movie. But through the film, you know it is Tanikella Bharani who is speaking through every frame.
This film may not be appealing to all sections of audience but midhunam might win many awards and rewards at film festivals. It's a tribute to viewer's knowledge, whoever was present for giving grand applause at the end of the movie.
Balasubramaniam and Lakshmi came with stellar performance in their roles. One can not get words to describe their efforts as they not acted but lived in those roles.
Experience the film, for your parents and/or with your parents. Mithunam is about their present, and your future.
In every home there are parents who feel insecure as they grow old, they are faced with a dilemma about asking their children to return for them but at the same time they do not want to jeopardise their career.
The film may not be a commercial hit and it would be unwise to rate it but it will win many awards and rewards at film festivals. It's a tribute to viewer's knowledge, whoever was present for giving grand applause at the end of the movie.
This film is of 'world cinema' quality on international circuit. On a whole, Midhunam is a film that every Telugu person should watch.
Movie lovers who stay away lamenting the falling standards of film making in Tollywood should now come out and encourage the efforts of Mitunam film makers.


text:
Photo of installation at The Mob Museum, 2012, depicting Al Capone and the St. Valentine's Day Massacre.
antecedent / justice
How the St. Valentine's Day Massacre Changed Gun Laws
It showed that public outrage can create meaningful reform when the political costs of inaction outweigh the benefits.
by A. Brad Schwartz via New York Times on February 16, 2018
The scene was both sickeningly familiar and shockingly new — seven bodies, riddled with bullets, sprawled on the floor of a garage on Chicago's North Side. As Americans today grow increasingly numb to persistent mass shootings, such a crime now might not even make the front pages. But on Feb. 14, 1929, Chicagoans were appalled enough to give it an enduring name — "the St. Valentine's Day Massacre" — and it remains a powerful example of how to check gun violence with proactive reform.
Ninety years ago, Americans felt as helpless to stop the slaughter as many do today. Chicagoans had seen gang killings before, in the bootleg battles that brought Al Capone to power, and they knew the drill. The police would issue indignant statements and roust a few gangsters, but no one would be arrested, much less prosecuted or convicted. Soon enough, just like today, it would all happen again.
Yet the scale of this crime prompted a different response. Newspapers nationwide printed photos of the carnage, forcing Americans to consider the costs of Prohibition. Many had seen Capone, whose organization was behind the killing, as a folk hero — a self-made millionaire, giving the people what they wanted. But he soon picked up a new and enduring nickname: "Public Enemy No. 1."
Still, the causes of the massacre went beyond a single mobster. Other cities had speakeasies and bootleggers without open warfare. What made Chicago different were the longstanding alliances between government and gangsters. The massacre, observed The Chicago Tribune, was "the culmination of the use of criminals by politicians and of politicians by criminals. This mutuality of service and profit made twins of politics and crime."
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Spanish Set for a complete year for teaching Babies + Children's home packs for 10 students..
11 ¡Un barquito para ti!
Español para Bebés Program Set introduces young children to the Spanish language in a fun and natural way.
This complete set exposes babies, young toddlers and their parents to the target language and introduce them to basic vocabulary, expressions and structures related to kids' favorite family members, their body parts and the routines they go throughout the day; pets, farm animals and wild animals; and the different types of transportation: land, air and water transportation.


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Here are 5 baseball players to watch in Randolph County
Mike Duprez
Here are 5 baseball players to watch in Randolph County in the 2021 season.
Blake Marsh, senior, Southwestern Randolph — When you talk about baseball in Randolph County, the surname Marsh is always right there. Blake Marsh is a veteran standout both for the Cougars and Post 45. Marsh came right out of the gate as a freshman in 2018 and hit .356. He was also 3-1 with a 4.07 earned run average on the mound.
Marsh hit .315 with 2 home runs, 28 RBIs and 15 stolen bases as a sophomore. He really stepped it up on the mound, going 5-2 with a 2.59 ERA and 40 strikeouts in 27 innings.
The Cougars were 4-1 in the abbreviated 2020 season and are likely to be contenders for the Mid-Piedmont Conference title in 2021. Marsh will a lot to do with that.
Zander Smith, junior, Providence Grove — Smith came on strong as a freshman in 2019, hitting .369 with a home run and 18 RBIs. The Patriots were PAC-7 Conference champions with Randleman that season.
The Patriots were off to a 3-1 start in 2020. A big season by Smith would help them contend again for the conference championship.
Tanner Marsh, sophomore, Asheboro — Marsh pitched in four of the Blue Comets' six games in the abbreviated 2020 season, so he's just getting started.
What you need to know about Marsh is he already knows how to pitch in the clutch. In the eighth inning of a Randolph County NC 3 baseball game this summer, Marsh was summoned to the mound by coach Ronnie Pugh. He had to get out of a jam with men on base. And he did it. That speaks volumes.
Owen Strickland, senior, Randleman — As a sophomore, Strickland hit .361 with 18 RBIs, helping the Tigers go all the way to the 2-A state championship series. So he's used to playing on the big stage.
The Tigers were 4-0 in 2020 and though they lost several seniors to graduation, figure to be strong once again in 2021. Strickland will be counted on to play a leading role again.
Mason Little, senior, Uwharrie Charter — Little knows a bunch about playing in big games since the Eagles won the 2019 1-A state championship. He has also played for Randolph County's NC 3 team this past summer.
The Eagles were off to a 3-0 start in 2020. They've got enough good players like Little returning to make another strong run in 2021.
Mike Duprez can be reached at (336) 249-3981, ext. 218 or sports@the-dispatch.com. Follow Mike on Twitter@LexDispatch_md.


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17 April 2001 Science communication specialists from the Pacific are to meet again in August of this year, six months after a most successful initial workshop.
The first follow-on from the February workshop (see WCS Newsletter, 16 March 2001) will be held in Apia (Samoa) from 1 to 3 August 2001. A joint initiative of the National Centre for Public Awareness of Science (CPAS ) at the Australian National University and the UNESCO Office in Apia, the meeting will bring together 15 Pacific Nation representatives with the organizers to discuss nation-specific issues that could be improved via science communication initiatives. Representatives will present a paper addressing an issue of importance in their region. Possible science communication solutions will then be explored in workshops in the middle section of the meeting with delegates presenting the results of their discussion on the final day.
It was the Committee on Science and Technology in Developing Countries (COSTED) in Chennai (India) which set the ball rolling late last year, when it approached CPAS director, Dr Sue Stocklmayer. The meeting gave rise to a workshop run for journalists in the Pacific in collaboration with CPAS and with the joint financial support of COSTED and UNESCO Apia. In February, professional Pacific Nation print, radio and television journalists, expert science communicators from CPAS and professional scientists came together in Canberra (Australia) for a four-day intensive programme.
The major goal of the February workshop was to facilitate the creation of a dynamic, self-sustaining Pacific Science Communication Network. It was also hoped that delegates would be inspired to mentor others in their regions to become involved in the communication of science to the community at large. The August workshop will be taking stock of progress towards these goals.
Delegate responses to the February initiative have been overwhelmingly positive. All participants agreed they had developed a better understanding of science communication issues, that the workshop increased their confidence in communicating science and that they were more capable of making positive changes to their science communication practice. One participant commented 'With the network I have now, I can make a positive change.' Another wrote, 'The workshop has got me to start on a positive note: to bridge the gap between science and the public understanding/awareness of science.' The delegates, CPAS, COSTED and UNESCO all see this programme as merely a starting point for science communication in the Pacific region.
The CPAS became a Centre for the Australian National Commission for UNESCO in early 2000. This partnership was particularly inspired by two of the overarching principles endorsed by the World Conference on Science: 'Science for knowledge – knowledge for progress' and 'Science for development'.
The Centre places great importance on the identification, improvement and creation of mechanisms that enhance links between science and related societal issues. Improving public awareness of science instils a greater sense of public ownership of science and a higher awareness of the practical applications of science. Effective science communication brings together scientists and the community in ways that are mutually beneficial. A key player in this process is the media.


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Xinjiang Focus
SCIO briefing on China's import and export of 2020
Beijing | 10 a.m. Jan. 14, 2021
The State Council Information Office (SCIO) held a press conference in Beijing on Thursday about China's import and export in 2020.
Li Kuiwen, spokesperson and director of the Department of Statistics and Analysis of the General Administration of Customs
Shou Xiaoli, deputy head of the Press Bureau of the State Council Information Office
China's trade with major trading partners increases in 2020
China's trade surplus up 27.4% in 2020
China's foreign trade sets records in 2020
China's trade with other RCEP countries exceeds 10 trillion yuan in 2020
Facts & Figures: China's foreign trade in 2020
China to step up inspections of cold-chain products
Read in Chinese
Li Kuiwen, spokesperson and director of the Department of Statistics & Analysis of the General Administration of Customs
Chairperson:
Shou Xiaoli:
Ladies and gentlemen, good morning. Welcome to this press conference from the State Council Information Office (SCIO). This is a routine press conference on China's annual economic standing. Today, we are delighted to be joined by Mr. Li Kuiwen, spokesperson and director of the Department of Statistics & Analysis of the General Administration of Customs, who will introduce China's import and export performance of 2020 and answer your questions.
Now, let's give the floor to Mr. Li.
Li Kuiwen:
Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the media, good morning. It's a great pleasure to meet with you. I'll begin by introducing China's import and export performance of 2020, and then answer your questions.
In 2020, China faced a grave and complex domestic and international landscape and a severe economic impact posed by COVID-19. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, China was the only major economy to realize positive economic growth last year, with its foreign trade exceeding expectations and registering a historical high. According to statistics from the General Administration of Customs of the People's Republic of China (GACC), China's total foreign trade of goods expanded 1.9% year on year to 32.16 trillion yuan (about 4.97 trillion U.S. dollars) in 2020. Exports grew by 4% to 17.93 trillion yuan, while imports declined by 0.7% to 14.23 trillion yuan. The trade surplus increased by 27.4% to 3.7 trillion yuan. There are six main reasons for these changes:
First, foreign trade reached a historical high. The global economy and trade have taken strong hits in 2020 and China faced a severely complex external environment for foreign trade. In spite of these challenges, China's foreign trade has rapidly rebounded and steadily grown, displaying its great resilience and comprehensive competitiveness. From June 2020, China registered positive growth in foreign trade for seven consecutive months and hit a record high in total foreign trade volume, exports, and the international market share, becoming the only major economy with positive growth in trade of goods last year. China's role as the world's largest trader in goods has been further consolidated. According to data from the World Trade Organization (WTO) and countries around the world, China's exports, imports, and the two combined in the first ten months of 2020 accounted for 14.2%, 11.5%, and 12.8% of the international market, respectively, all reaching historical highs.
Second, foreign trade entities have been further energized. In 2020, China has 531,000 enterprises with exports' and imports' record, an increase of 6.2% year on year. Meanwhile, China's private sector registered 14.98 trillion yuan in imports and exports, an increase of 11.1%, accounting for 46.6% of the country's total foreign trade volume and 3.9 percentage points higher than the previous year. The private sector played an important part in stabilizing foreign trade, further consolidating its role as the biggest foreign trade entity. Foreign-invested enterprises marked 12.44 trillion in foreign trade, making up 38.7% of the country's total foreign trade volume. State-owned enterprises accumulated 4.61 trillion yuan in imports and exports, accounting for 14.3% of all foreign trade.
Third, our trading partners are diversifying. In 2020, China's trade with its five major trading partners, namely, ASEAN, European Union, the United States, Japan, and South Korea, reached 4.74 trillion yuan, 4.5 trillion yuan, 4.06 trillion yuan, 2.2 trillion yuan, and 1.97 trillion yuan, up by 7%, 5.3%, 8.8%, 1.2%, and 0.7%, respectively. In addition, trade with countries along the Belt and Road reached 9.37 trillion yuan, up 1%.
Fourth, trade modes have been continuously optimized. In 2020, China's general trade increased by 3.4% to 19.25 trillion yuan, accounting for 59.9% of China's total foreign trade volume, 0.9 percentage points higher than the previous year. Exports grew by 6.9% to 10.65 trillion yuan, while imports fell by 0.7% to 8.6 trillion yuan. Processing trade dropped by 3.9% to 7.64 trillion yuan, accounting for 23.8% of the total foreign trade volume.
Fifth, exports of traditionally competitive products maintained growth. In 2020, China's exports of electromechanical products increased by 6% to 10.66 trillion yuan, making up 59.4% of the country's total exports, and increasing 1.1 percentage year on year. Exports of laptops, home appliances, and medical equipment went up by 20.4%, 24.2%, and 41.5%, respectively. At the same time, exports of seven types of labor-intensive products including textiles and clothes rose by 6.2% to 3.58 trillion yuan. Exports of textile products including face masks surged by 30.4% to 1.07 trillion yuan.
Sixth, exports of anti-epidemic supplies provided strong support for the global combat against COVID-19. China has been playing its part as the world's largest supplier of anti-epidemic materials by proactively carrying out international cooperation to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, and making the utmost efforts to provide and export anti-epidemic materials to over 200 countries and regions. From March to December 2020, customs authorities across China cleared major anti-epidemic supplies worth 438.5 billion yuan, showing China's commitment as a responsible major player in the fight against COVID-19 worldwide. Meanwhile, exports of products in the "stay-at-home economy," such as laptops, grew by 8.5% to 2.51 trillion yuan, meeting the needs of people across the globe living and working at home during the pandemic.
In 2020, China made outstanding achievements in foreign trade, which did not come easily amid unprecedented challenges and difficulties. This is the result of the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, which speaks volumes of the resilience and vitality of China's foreign trade. China customs also played its part with relentless efforts. Over the past year, we firmly implemented the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council; carried out the work in a timely and pragmatic manner; stabilized foreign trade growth by introducing a number of policies while preventing and controlling the cross-border spread of COVID-19, and; strengthened supervision efforts and improved services to ensure stable and high-quality foreign trade.
In 2021, the world faces further uncertainties brought about by the pandemic and global landscape. The global economic situation is still grave and complex, posing uncertainties and instabilities to foreign trade growth. China customs will follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the CPC, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th plenary session of the 19th Central Committee of the CPC and the Central Economic Work Conference, and adhere to the principle of seeking progress while ensuring stability. China customs will stick to its new development philosophy and foster a new development paradigm in the new development state, maintain security in the six areas in order to ensure stability on the six fronts, strengthen supervision efforts and improve services, and continuously optimize the business environment at ports to strive for higher-level opening-up and quality development of foreign trade. GACC will contribute to a good start of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) in the development of foreign trade and commemorate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the CPC via great achievements.
Next, I'll be answering your questions.
Thank you, Mr. Li. Now the floor is open to questions. Please identify your news outlet before raising questions.
_ueditor_page_break_tag_
My questions are: What are the main reasons for the growth of China's foreign trade amid the COVID-19 outbreaks in 2020? What do you think of China's foreign trade last year in general? What are your predictions for trends in 2021? I would like to hear your insights. Thank you.
Thank you for your questions. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council pay great attention to stabilizing foreign trade. General Secretary Xi Jinping advised stabilizing the fundamentals of foreign trade and foreign investment, ensuring smooth operation of foreign trade industrial chains and supply chains, and stabilizing China's international market share. Last year was unusual in the sense that though we were faced with a grave and complex domestic and international landscape and the severe impact posed by COVID-19, China was the only major economy to experience positive growth in trade of goods and exceeded expectations regarding foreign trade overall. This demonstrates great resilience and competitiveness in China's foreign trade and we can say that China achieved stable and high-quality foreign trade.
"Stability" was reflected in three ways. First, a record high in total foreign trade volume and international market share. China saw its foreign trade stabilize quickly after substantial fluctuations in the first quarter of 2020. The trade volume registered a new high in each successive quarter, with the year's total volume reaching a record high of 32 trillion yuan, a figure was attained amid dramatically shrinking global trade. The international market share also registered a record high thanks to the unusual growth of foreign trade. As I just mentioned, the WHO's statistics on monthly trade in goods of major economies showed that China's exports, imports, and the two combined accounted for 14.2%, 11.5%, and 12.8% of the international market in the first 10 months of 2020, 0.4, 0.7, and 0.8 percentage points higher than previous records, respectively. Therefore, China's role as the world's largest trader in goods has been further consolidated.
Second, exports have been driven by an increased need for anti-epidemic supplies and products for the "stay-at-home economy." As China brought COVID-19 under effective control and resumed work and production, the country saw its exports rebound in April and maintain growth ever since. With a much higher demand for anti-epidemic materials and products for the "stay-at-home economy" globally, China's exports of textile products (face masks included), medical equipment, and medicine surged by 31%, contributing to a 1.9-percentage-point increase in overall exports. China's exports of laptops, tablet computers, and home appliances rose by 22.1%, increasing overall exports by 1.3 percentage point. Those exported goods met the anti-epidemic needs of countries worldwide as well as those people across the globe living and working at home during the pandemic.
Third, there was a huge boost to imports in the domestic market. China's huge domestic market showed a more prominent advantage in stabilizing imports amid the pandemic. In 2020, in terms of resource products, China imported 7.3% more crude oil and 7% more metal ore, while in terms of agricultural products, China imported 28% and 60.4% more grain and meat, respectively.
Those are the three aspects that reflect "stable" foreign trade.
"Quality improvement" was also demonstrated in three ways. First, through an improved foreign trade structure. Trade growth among private companies in China was 9.2 percentage points higher than the country's overall level in 2020, becoming a major driving force in China's foreign trade. General trade saw year-on-year growth of 0.9% in 2020. The country also saw a more balanced foreign trade development among various regions. With new progress made in transferring industries from eastern China to western and central China, the western and central regions saw their trade increase by 11%, accounting for 17.5% of the country's total and 1.4 percentage points higher than the previous year.
Second, there was an even higher driving force for foreign trade development. As new modes of foreign trade prospered, the trade volume of cross-border e-commerce registered at 1.69 trillion yuan, up by 31.1%, and exports based on procurement from markets increased by 25.2%. China ran 12,400 China-Europe freight trains throughout the year and delivered 1.14 million TEUs, up by 50% and 56% year-on year, respectively. The combined heavy container rate was up to 98.4%.
Third, a higher level of opening up has played a leading role. The trade volume of comprehensive bonded areas and free trade areas increased by 17.4% and 10.7%, respectively. Imports of duty-free goods at Hainan Free Trade Port rose by 80.5%.
The above is my evaluation of the performance of foreign trade imports and exports throughout the year.
As for this year, in my opinion, the global economy is expected to recover and drive trade growth, and the restoration of the Chinese economy's stable growth will help support foreign trade. However, we must also understand that many uncertainties brought about by the pandemic in the external environment remain, and therefore, so too will difficulties and challenges in foreign trade. The new development pattern, in which domestic and foreign markets reinforce each other, with the domestic market as the mainstay, is now taking shape in China at a higher speed. The country is also promoting a higher level of opening up and developing new advantages in international cooperation and competition. Thus, I believe China is expected to maintain its foreign trade growth in 2021 and make fresh progress in its high-quality development.
Red Star News:
Facing the current severe global epidemic situation, what measures has China Customs taken to prevent the virus from being imported via cold chain food products? How has the effect been so far? Thank you.
I want to add that the latest relevant data we just released has been published on the GACC website simultaneously. We wish to share it with you all.
Thank you for your question. The GACC has resolutely implemented General Secretary Xi Jinping's important instructions on inspection and quarantine of imported cold chain food. Acting strictly in accordance with the general arrangements of the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council, customs has tightened inspections of imported frozen food products to prevent the spread of COVID-19 via cold chains. We have mainly taken measures in four aspects:
First, we have strengthened source management. We have enhanced communication and consultation with the relevant administrations of exporting countries, and required them to supervise the exporting of food to China according to regulatory guidelines released by the FAO and the WHO. They must see to it that food exporters strictly implement the guidelines for food companies by the FAO and the WHO, so as to ensure their exports and packaging are not contaminated by the virus at all levels of procedure, including production, processing, storage, and transportation. We have also informed the exporting countries' administrations of the two guidelines stipulated by China's National Health Commission, namely Technical Guideline for COVID-19 Prevention and Control in Cold Chain Food Production and Operation and Technical Guideline for the Prevention, Control and Disinfection of COVID-19 in Cold Chain Food Production and Operation Processes. We have urged and kept track of those enterprises exporting food to China to implement the two technical guidelines, and taken preventive and control measures in time. Currently, we have suspended imports from 124 cold chain food companies in 21 countries whose employees have been infected with COVID-19. Among them, 107 voluntarily suspended their exports to China after the epidemic outbreak.
Second, we have reinforced risk monitoring procedures for the virus in imported cold chain food. We have conducted nucleic acid sample testing of imported cold chain food, especially imported seafood. By Jan.13, customs across China have tested a total of 1,295,692 samples, with 47 positive results.
Third, we have implemented emergent preventive measures after finding positive samples. The GACC will temporarily stop import declarations of any overseas food production enterprises found to have positive samples for one to four weeks. We have now adopted such emergent preventive measures against 39 overseas food production and operation facilities.
Fourth, we have conducted preventive disinfection work at ports across China. In accordance with the work plan on preventive and thorough disinfection of imported cold chain food released by the Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism of the State Council, we have carried out stringent disinfection of cold-chain food imports at ports of entry, and intensified cooperation with relevant departments to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 through imported cold-chain food. As of Jan. 13, ports across the country have disinfected 13,170,000 outer packages of imported cold chain food for prevention purposes.
Last November, China signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement. Could you please describe imports and exports between China and RCEP countries last year? In addition, did the GACC make any preparations before the agreement came into effect? Thank you.
Thank you for your questions. Let me first brief you on the trade between China and other RCEP countries.
In 2020, the total value of China's imports and exports to the other 14 RCEP countries was 10.2 trillion yuan, climbing 3.5% year-on-year and accounting for 31.7% of China's total imports and exports during the same period. Exports accounted for 4.83 trillion yuan, an increase of 5%, while imports totaled 5.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.2%. Here are the details:
In terms of trading partners, ASEAN has become China's largest trading partner, with an import and export value reaching 4.74 trillion yuan, an increase of 7%. Japan and South Korea are China's fourth and fifth largest trading partners, with imports and exports reaching 2.2 trillion yuan and 1.97 trillion yuan, an increase of 1.2% and 0.7%, respectively. Meanwhile, imports and exports to Australia reached 1.17 trillion yuan, a decrease of 0.1%, and imports and exports to New Zealand hit 125.53 billion yuan, a decrease of 0.4%.
In terms of exported goods, exports of electromechanical products reached 2.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.3%, accounting for 53.8% of the total value of exports to RCEP countries during the same period. Among them, exports of integrated circuits accounted for 314.03 billion yuan, increasing 15%, and automatic data processing equipment and their parts and components were 260.63 billion yuan, an increase of 11.1%. During the same period, the export of labor-intensive products amounted to 944.8 billion yuan, an increase of 11.9%.
In terms of imported goods, imports of integrated circuits were 1.08 trillion yuan, up 9.8%; automatic data processing equipment and their parts and components were 178.45 billion yuan, up 8%; imports of iron ore were 496.35 billion yuan, an increase of 14.7%, and; plastics in primary forms were 156.33 billion yuan, down 0.3%.
As to your second question, RCEP is now the world's largest free-trade zone, encompassing approximately one-third of the world's population and 30% of the global GDP and trade. Member countries see stellar prospects for the RCEP. The GACC has been fulfilling its duties and accelerating relevant preparatory work before the implementation of the RCEP.
First, the GACC has strengthened the organization and leadership. Fully implementing the deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the GACC quickly established a leading group for RCEP implementation and organized experts in relevant fields to form a number of special working subgroups to oversee different affairs such as tariffs, to accelerate preparations for RCEP implementation.
Secondly, the GACC has worked to establish rules and regulations to ensure that the RCEP Rules of Origin (ROO) are implemented. The GACC is preparing to promulgate measures for the administration of the origin of RCEP imported and exported goods and measures for the administration of approved exporters, optimize processes for declaring preferential import and export visas under the RCEP, and build a supporting information system to make it easy for companies to do so.
Thirdly, the GACC has increased its training and guided companies to make full use of the RCEP's preferential policies. According to the provisions of the ROO, the optional scope of capital goods for companies has been greatly expanded and multiple types of benefits have been provided for them. The GACC will increase efforts to make the policies known to the companies and help them understand tariff reduction and preferential rules and make sure the companies get the most out of these benefits. At the same time, given the difficulties that may arise during the implementation of RCEP, we have increased research and training and will prepare in advance to better serve the companies. Thank you.
National Business Daily:
The "stay-at-home economy" played an important role in last year's exports. Will this economy continue to drive export growth in 2021? In addition, what new measures will the General Administration of Customs (GACC) take next to promote the high-quality development of foreign trade? Thank you.
Thank you for your question. Regarding the first question, well, anti-epidemic supplies and products of the "stay-at-home economy" indeed constituted a significant driver for foreign trade development last year. Here, I would like to brief you on the latest data for the export of our anti-epidemic materials.
Statistics show that from March to the end of last year, the GACC cleared 438.5 billion yuan's worth of major anti-epidemic supplies. Regarding face masks, which attracted the most public attention, China exported 224.2 billion of them, with a value of 340 billion yuan, which is equivalent to providing nearly 40 face masks for every individual in the world outside of China. The exported masks included 65 billion surgical masks, nearly 30% of the total. We also exported 2.31 billion protective suits, including 773 million for medical use, 289 million pairs of goggles, and 2.92 billion pairs of surgical gloves. These products have provided a guarantee for medical personnel and other epidemic prevention and control workers to protect themselves.
In terms of medical equipment, we exported 271,000 ventilators, of which 212,000 were non-invasive, as well as 663,000 patient monitors and 119 million infrared thermometers. In addition, 1.08 billion novel coronavirus testing kits were exported, providing support for virus detection work.
We have taken the advantage of being the first country to fully resume work and production and the largest supplier of anti-epidemic materials worldwide. While meeting the domestic needs for epidemic prevention and control, we have exported anti-pandemic materials to most countries and regions in the world, giving strong support to the global fight against the COVID-19 epidemic.
Just now I introduced some data in regard to products of the "stay-at-home economy."
Customs offices also adopted some measures to supervise and serve the development of foreign trade. We have firmly implemented the arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and concentrated on ensuring stability on the six fronts (employment, finance, foreign trade, inbound investment, domestic investment, and market expectations) and guarantee in the six areas (jobs, daily living needs, food and energy, industrial and supply chains, the interests of market players, and the smooth functioning of grassroots government), coordinating the epidemic prevention and control at ports and the promotion of stable growth of foreign trade. In July, we held a national customs teleconference on stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment and launched 56 relevant measures to constantly facilitate customs clearance and ensure the smooth circulation of both domestic and international trade movements. There are four main aspects to these measures:
First, the business environment at ports has continuously been optimized. We have comprehensively taken measures such as the "two-step declaration," "advance declaration," "green channels," and non-physical presence of sender or receiver during customs cargo examination to improve customs clearance efficiency. Last December, the overall customs clearance time for imports and exports nationwide registered 34.91 hours and 1.78 hours, respectively, down by 64.2% and 85.5% from 2017.
Second, costs for enterprises have been further reduced. We have vigorously rolled out pilot Tariff Guarantee Insurance, with 3,509 participating businesses and guaranteed taxes reaching 377.6 billion yuan. Of the participants, nearly 80% were small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), effectively mitigating difficulties in accessing affordable financing for various enterprises, especially SMEs.
Third, the development of new trade forms has been promoted. We have comprehensively advanced the regulatory measures for cross-border e-commerce product returns and launched trials for cross-border e-commerce business-to-business (B2B) exports. We encouraged the central, western, and northeast regions of China to carry out trials on market procurement trade. In 2020, imports and exports for China's cross-border e-commerce increased by 31.1%, and market procurement exports by 25.2%, becoming an important stabilizer for foreign trade.
Fourth, new pacesetters for opening-up have been developed. Vigorous support has been given to build the Hainan free-trade port and Yangshan Special Comprehensive Bonded Zone. Between July 1, 2020, and Dec. 31, 2020, the customs agencies supervised duty-free sales of 19.99 billion yuan's worth of goods, with a year-on-year growth of 191.6%. We have stepped up efforts to innovate customs supervision systems in pilot free-trade zones and replicate those measures proven to be effective in pilot free-trade zones elsewhere. We have promoted the implementation of global maintenance and remanufacturing operations in the comprehensive bonded zones. In 2020, the import and export volume of China's comprehensive bonded zones totaled 3.43 trillion yuan, an increase of 17.4%, and 15.5 percentage points higher than the overall growth of foreign trade.
In the next step, customs offices in the country will intensify efforts to implement the existing measures, strive to succeed in the "last mile" of policy implementation, and make every effort to promote the high-quality development of foreign trade and investment. Thank you.
Bloomberg News:
According to the data you have just released, the trade surplus in China exceeded $500 billion last year, the highest figure since 2015. Do you think trade surplus will continue to grow or do you think the demand for imports in the country will increase in 2021? Please give us a brief analysis, thank you.
Thank you for your question. Actually, I already answered this question when discussing trends in this year's foreign trade just now. Regarding the overall development of foreign trade in 2021, I think that the world economy is expected to recover and the domestic economy will provide strong support for foreign trade. However, we should also be aware that changes in the pandemic situation and the external environment will both bring difficulties and challenges to the development of our country's foreign trade. Thanks to the advantages of the large domestic market, the gradual formation of a new pattern of development, and the continuous promotion of high-level opening-up, I believe that foreign trade this year is expected to maintain certain growth. But we still need to further observe factors related to this issue. Thank you.
China News Service:
I would like to ask what measures customs have taken to ensure stability on six fronts and maintain security in six areas to promote the high-quality development of foreign trade as well as expand high-level opening up? Thank you.
I have already discussed the relevant measures taken by customs when answering previous questions, thank you.
The Paper:
With the recovery of China's productivity supply capacity, many foreign trade enterprises experienced a situation where demand exceeded supply at the end of 2020. This year, will China's exports still perform better than imports? Thank you.
Thank you for your question. Just now, I have answered a relevant question about the trend of foreign trade this year. Generally speaking, knowing whether China's exports will continue to outperform imports requires further observation of the global economy and trade situation. Thus, we will continue to observe and pay close attention to this issue. Thank you.
South China Morning Post:
I have two questions. First, according to the China-U.S. phase-one economic and trade agreement, China promised to import no less than $63.9 billion in additional goods in 2020 from the base of 2017. How did that go last year according to China's data? And what changes have occurred in procurement from the U.S. in the context of the U.S. presidential election and the current pandemic situation? Second, could you please provide some specific data on trade between China and Australia, including the December figures for coal, iron ore and liquefied natural gas imports from Australia? Has China already set coal import quotas for 2021, and will the ban on Australian coal imports be adjusted? In addition, after lifting a ban on scrap steel imports on Jan. 1 this year, will China reduce its iron ore imports from Australia? Thank you.
Thank you for your questions. Let me start by answering the first question. In terms of China-U.S. trade, I would like to brief you on the relevant data.
In 2020, the total value of China-U.S. bilateral trade in goods was 4.06 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.8%, accounting for 12.6% of China's total imports and exports during the period. Of this, exports to the U.S. reached 3.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.4%, while imports from the U.S. reached 931.87 billion yuan, an increase of 10.1%. In terms of exports, in 2020, China's exports of mechanical and electrical products to the U.S. reached 1.92 trillion yuan, an increase of 9%, accounting for 61.4% of the total exports to the U.S. in the same period. Of this, the export of laptops and cellphones increased by 23.4% and 4.6% respectively. During the same period, the export of labor-intensive products increased by 9.8%, and the export of pharmaceutical materials and drugs increased by 30.7%.
In terms of imports, in 2020, China's imports of agricultural products from the U.S. reached 162.74 billion yuan, an increase of 66.9%. Imports of soybeans, pork, cotton and crude oil grew by 56.3%, 223.8%, 121.7% and 88%, respectively. In addition, the import of automobiles was 60.01 billion yuan, down 4.1%.
As for your concerns about the implementation of the China-U.S. phase-one economic and trade agreement and the latest China-U.S. economic and trade trends, the relevant departments have already issued statements, and I will not repeat them here.
Regarding your second question, about Sino-Australian trade, let me first update you on trade between China and Australia.
In 2020, the total imports and exports between China and Australia reached 1.17 trillion yuan, down 0.1%. Of this, exports to Australia amounted to 370.23 billion yuan, up 11.2%, while imports from Australia were 796.35 billion yuan, down 4.6%. In terms of trading commodities, China's main export commodities to Australia in 2020 were mechanical and electrical products and labor-intensive products, accounting for 76.1% of its total exports to the country. The main commodities imported from Australia were iron ore and natural gas, which accounted for 70.6% of the total imports.
For other information on Sino-Australian trade, please consult the relevant authorities. Thank you.
Now for the last two questions.
CRNTT:
Hello, Mr. Li, just now you mentioned that new foreign trade formats such as cross-border e-commerce and the market procurement trade flourished in 2020. Could you please give us a detailed account of the development of the new format and the foreign trade model over the past year and its role in promoting the quality and efficiency of China's foreign trade? Thank you.
Thank you for your question. Last year, under the influence of the pandemic, cross-border e-commerce as a new business format achieved rapid development. As an emerging format of trade, cross-border e-commerce has shown positive growth during the pandemic period, and has become an important force in stabilizing foreign trade. China Customs has been actively adapting to and promoting the development of cross-border e-commerce, continuously innovating and optimizing the regulatory system, and supporting the orderly development of new business forms like this. The measures we have taken are:
The first is to comprehensively promote supervision measures for the return of cross-border e-commerce export commodities, optimize e-commerce retail import return measures, solve the problem of difficult returns of export commodities, and fully support enterprises to sell goods to the world. We have also optimized cross-border e-commerce retail import return measures, helped businesses overcome the impact of logistics delays caused by the pandemic, and assisted to improve their after-sales service systems.
The second is to carry out innovative cross-border e-commerce B2B export pilot programs. We have added "9710" and "9810" trade methods, which refer to either direct export of goods from domestic businesses to overseas businesses by cross-border logistics based on their mutual deals over a cross-border e-commerce platform, or the export of goods by a domestic company to its overseas warehouse, from which the goods will be delivered to overseas buyers based on their deals over a cross-border e-commerce platform. We have now launched pilot programs in 22 directly-affiliated customs offices, including in Beijing. We have promoted cross-border e-commerce regulatory innovations from B2C to B2B, with supporting measures to facilitate customs clearance. Pilot enterprises can apply for clearance facilitation measures such as "one-off registration, streamlined declarations, and expedited clearance at lower costs, prior inspection, customs transit, and convenient return."
The third is to expand and clear cross-border e-commerce logistics channels. Affected by the pandemic, international flights were suspended and significantly reduced last year, and the traditional shipping capacity plummeted. The General Administration of Customs promptly issued ten measures to support the development of the China-Europe Railway Express and support its use to carry out cross-border e-commerce, mail, and other transportation services. During the pandemic, customs supported the postal department to open temporary entry and exit postal routes, creating a total of 15 temporary exit ports and 13 temporary entry ports, actively distributing inbound and outbound mail and cross-border e-commerce commodities, and striving to ensure the stability of industrial and supply chains.
The fourth is to make every effort to ensure the orderly customs clearance of cross-border e-commerce commodities during business peak periods such as the "Double 11 Shopping Day." In 2020, cross-border e-commerce grew rapidly, and the import and export lists checked and released through the customs cross-border e-commerce management platform hit 2.45 billion, surging by 63.3% year-on-year. During the "Double 11" period in 2020, 52.27 million import and export lists were processed through the customs cross-border e-commerce unified import and export system, an increase of 25.5% on the previous year. Meanwhile, the processing peak reached 3,407 items per second, an increase of 113.2% year-on-year. All indicators reached new highs.
The fifth is to perfect cross-border e-commerce statistics. In order to fully reflect the overall import and export situation of cross-border e-commerce, the General Administration of Customs has made full use of China's E-commerce Law and the definition of cross-border e-commerce by the World Customs Organization to explore and establish a cross-border e-commerce statistical system. According to preliminary statistics, China's cross-border e-commerce imports and exports in 2020 were 1.69 trillion yuan, an increase of 31.1%, of which exports made up 1.12 trillion yuan, an increase of 40.1%, and imports were 0.57 trillion yuan, an increase of 16.5%.
In the next step, customs will continue to focus on the development of new formats and the concerns of enterprises, continue to strengthen supervision, optimize services, further improve supervision and statistical systems, and continuously promote the high-quality development of new formats of cross-border e-commerce. Thanks.
dzwww.com:
We noticed that the private sector has become the largest contributor to China's foreign trade growth. What were the characteristics of import and export for Chinese private businesses in 2020? What new measures will the General Administration of Customs (GAC) introduce to support private businesses in foreign trade? Thank you.
Thank you for the questions. As I said just now, the private sector has become the largest foreign trade entity in China. In 2020, China's private sector registered 14.98 trillion yuan in imports and exports, an increase of 11.1%, accounting for 46.6% of the country's total foreign trade volume, 3.9 percentage points higher than the previous year. Specifically, exports of the sector grew by 12.3% year-on-year to 9.99 trillion yuan, while imports increased by 8.8% to 4.99 trillion yuan. The main highlights are as follows:
First, the private sector showed greater resilience in foreign trade. In the face of the unexpected COVID-19 epidemic, private businesses rose to the challenge and made full use of their flexibility to explore the international market, showing greater resilience in foreign trade. The annual growth rate of foreign trade and exports in the private sector was 9.2 and 8.3 percentage points higher than that of the country's total volume, respectively. Imports in the sector increased by 8.8% last year, while the country's imports declined by 0.7%.
Second, the development of private businesses in different regions became increasingly coordinated. In 2020, the imports and exports of private businesses in central and western regions grew by 15.9%, 5.6 percentage points higher than in the eastern regions. Nine out of the top 10 provinces with the highest foreign trade growth rates in the private sector are from China's central and western regions. Guizhou and Yunnan occupied the top two positions.
Third, private businesses made more efforts to expand their market. In 2020, private sector exports to the EU, the US, Japan, South Korea, among other traditional markets, grew by 14.9%, 23.4%, 12.9%, and 18.6%, respectively, and exports to the ASEAN increased by 15.1%, all recording double-digit growth.
To support the development of the private sector, the GAC will continue to implement decisions and plans made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council and work to create a favorable environment for the development of foreign trade in the private sector. We will take measures in three major aspects:
First, improve the efficiency of customs clearance and optimize the business environment at ports. We promote the practice of "declaring import and export goods in advance," upgrade the "two-step" declaration process, and improve the "two-stage access supervision." We further streamline customs clearance procedures, reduce the time of cargo clearance, and lower related costs for enterprises.
Second, earnestly implement every measure to cut taxes and fees. We release preferential tax policies in a timely manner and offer more detailed interpretations to ensure enterprises benefit from the policies. For those enterprises that fall behind with their taxes due to the impact of COVID-19, we extend payment deadlines and exempt or reduce overdue fines. We suspend interest on deferred tax for domestic sales of trade processing enterprises and expand the pilot policy of selective tariffs on domestic sales.
Third, carry out in-depth research and studies in enterprises and offer targeted support. We give full play to the role of the customs service hotline 12360, our online survey system, the WeChat platform for credit management, and coordinators between customs offices and enterprises. By using all of these channels, we aim to better understand the needs and difficulties of enterprises and do our best to offer them targeted assistance regarding tax payments, credit management, and customs clearance, etc.
In the next step, we will continue to work in line with the requirements ordered by the central government on ensuring stability on the six fronts and security in the six areas and introduce a larger number of more targeted policies to support the development of private businesses.
In the coming days, we will hold a series of briefings on China's economic performance in 2020, and we welcome your attendance. Today's briefing is hereby concluded. Thank you.
Translated and edited by Zhu Bochen, Li Huiru, Zhang Jiaqi, Zhang Rui, Liu Jianing, Zhang Junmian, Wang Yiming, Yang Xi, Xu Xiaoxuan, Huang Shan, Wang Qian, Lin Liyao, Wang Wei, Xiang Bin, Yuan Fang, Zhang Liying, Wang Zhiyong, and Tom Arnstein. In case of any discrepancy between the English and Chinese texts, the Chinese version is deemed to prevail.
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text:
Q: git repositories Git is distributed source control system, right. How to connect two developers without a centralized repository.
Our team uses Github and if two developers want to work on the same branch it seems that branch needs to be pushed to the remote before they both have access to it...or does it?
Can a developer pull from another developers local repository?

A:
Can a developer pull from another developers local repository?

Yes. A readonly access (nfs, ssh, ...) to the repository (ie. the actual files in .git directory) of the other developer is sufficient. Or, if a developer installs a git server, others can pull from it.
I'm not counting the possibility of sending patches by mail.

A: It depends on how well connected those two developers are. If you're working on the same machine, then you can pull directly from the other user's clone. If you're working on the same network, you can set up a simple server with something like git daemon.
If you're on separate networks behind firewalls and whatnot, then you can share changes using a shared common server. Or, you could email patches to one another using git format-patch and git am.

A: Yes, you need to use the git remote add ... command to add the each user repository visible to each user. Obviously, they need to be able to see each other computer. You might have to setup ssh or use a git daemon.

A: If you're already using Github, then the easiest way to get both of you working on the same branch is to push/pull from Github continuously. Pushing / Pulling from each other's machines will get hairy quickly and result in a lot more headache down the road. Of course, you can use another in house server or set up a bare repo on one or both of your machines, but this will likely lead to an overly complex setup and cause a lot of extra time and effort in managing the source.
To get started between you (Dom) and another developer (we'll call him John) on the same branch, first create the branch on your local machine and push it up to Github:
#On Dom's machine:
git checkout -b cool_feature
git push origin cool_feature #assumes origin is github

#on John's machine:
git checkout -b cool_feature
git pull origin cool_feature

Now you both have the same copy of the repo on your localhosts.  Develop at will and make sure both of you commit often and push the commits up to Github. Also, make sure you pull from Github often.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Chinese embroidery of fishes and lotus. The presence of fishes in the Chinese culture depicts that a person will have prosperity and a peaceful mind. Lotus means purity, joy, and perfection.
100% Hand Embroidered. Frame included.


text:
Q: How to print automatically keyboard input in Chrome OS I am trying to print keyboard input automatically in webpage through java script  in chromeOS/chromebook but not getting the desired output. Any suggestions?

A: take a look at keycodes
document.onkeyup = function(e) {
  console.log(e.keyCode)
}

they map to specific keys on your keyboard. from there you can reduce each key press to each interaction on the board
https://www.cambiaresearch.com/articles/15/javascript-char-codes-key-codes