text:
Q: Is there a way to define implicit conversion operators in javascript? I have this class:
var color = function(r, g, b, a) {
    this.r = r
    this.g = g;
    this.b = b;
    this.a = a;

    this.toString = function() {
        if (!isset(a)) return "rgb("+parseInt(r)+","+parseInt(g)+","+parseInt(b)+")";
        return "rgba("+parseInt(r)+","+parseInt(g)+","+parseInt(b)+","+a+")";
    }
}

If i want the string output I have to type (for example) console.log(colorInstance.toString())
but is there a way to make the toString() method be called implicitly each time the receiving function expects a string value? So I could write console.log(colorInstance) instead?

A:
Every object has a toString() method that is automatically called when the object is to be represented as a text value or when an object is referred to in a manner in which a string is expected.

From here. This applies to cases like "" + color, but otherwise, there aren't many cases where toString() gets implicitly called.

A: There is no way to define operators in javascript, at best you could make some odd functions. However javascript also has automatic type conversion, so if the runtime expects a string javascript will actually always call the toString method. There is explicit casting such as parseInt(value) though :)

A: toString will not be invoked when you simply pass the object to console.log. It (or valueOf) is invoked only in contexts where coercion to a primitive is required.
If this is really an issue for you, you could write your own version of console.log:
var logValue(...args) {
  console.log(...args.apply(a => a.toString()));
}

Or equivalent non-ES6 version.


Wenuan Home Textile: custom sheepskin rug manufacturer and personalized sheepskin rugs design in China.
Established in 1985, China Wenuan Home Textile Co., Ltd. is one of the leading sheepskin rug manufacturer and designer of home textiles in mainland China. We manufacture and design different types of home textiles including curtain, blanket, sheet, quilt, carpet, rug, bedding, cushion, pillow, mat, towel, cover, slipcover, bedspread, comforter and tablecloths. We use high thread-count cotton, poly cotton, taffeta, poly sateen, jacquard, mock suede, voile and ramie. By combining traditional embroidery with contemporary decorations like beads, bugle and sequins, lace and ribbon, we offer a wide range of styles for your selection. In addition to our selection of in-house designs, our 50 designers are also experienced in interpreting customer's artwork or ideas into products. So we welcome your OEM sheepskin rugs requests.
100% New Zealand sheepskin. Approximately 35-1/2x24" (sizes may vary). Machine wash warm. Imported.
Combine Comfort and Style with a Faux Sheepskin Shag Rug Enjoy the luxury and softness of a real sheepskin rug without the expensive price tag. Our faux sheepskin area rugs look and feel just like the real thing, with a fur-like texture and suede-like backing. Our synthetic rugs are durably and expertly crafted. Be sure to place your order today.Tightly Wilton-woven of Derclon to endure heavy usage.Perfect for high-traffic areas like the bathroom or living room. The classic design solution. Gloriously thick; beautifully soft; visually comforting. Dreamy in the bedroom; gorgeous in a bathroom with soft lighting, candles - very romantic. Long, thick pile, manageable weight. Machine washable, hypoallergenic, non-slip. Available in 2x4, 3x5, and 5x7 ft. Unfortunately, pictures are woefully inadequate in revealing how plush and beautiful these sheepskins actually are. Their beauty and softness will easily add a sense of elegance and sophistication to any setting.
100% New Zealand sheepskin. Approximately 35-1/2x24" (sizes may vary). Machine wash warm.
Imported. Combine Comfort and Style with a Faux Sheepskin Shag Rug Enjoy the luxury and softness of a real sheepskin rug without the expensive price tag. Our faux sheepskin area rugs look and feel just like the real thing, with a fur-like texture and suede-like backing. Our synthetic rugs are durably and expertly crafted. Be sure to place your order today.Tightly Wilton-woven of Derclon to endure heavy usage.Perfect for high-traffic areas like the bathroom or living room. Cozy and inviting, these dramatic sheepskin area rugs create the perfect accent to any room. These magnificent, finely finished long wool sheepskin rugs are selected from the finest New Zealand and Australian flocks. The natural sheep skin rugs are tanned to the highest quality, and dyed a wide range of colors using state of the art facilities. Color: Chocolate. Size: 2.5" H x 4' W x 6' D. Soft and Sumptuous. Comfortable High Pile. New Zealand Sheepskin.


Image Title: The Benefits Of Using Hexagon Tiles In Bathroom Veeken Plumbing Within Tile Plan 17. Post Title: Hexagon Bathroom Tile. Filename: the-benefits-of-using-hexagon-tiles-in-bathroom-veeken-plumbing-within-tile-plan-17.jpg. Image Dimension: 800 x 593 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Joesph Senger. Uploaded Date: Monday - October 01st. 2018 11:46:31 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: houseandgarden.co.uk. Hexagon Tiles Vintage Bathroom Floor Tile With Regard To Decor 10. Black Hexagon Tiles On The Floors And Walls For A Masculine Bathroom With Regard To Tile Ideas 4. Bathroom Tile Ideas Grey Hexagon Tiles CONTEMPORIST Pertaining To Remodel 8. Bathroom Tile Ideas Grey Hexagon Tiles IDES 334 Project 1 The O Regarding Decor 16. Pinterest Mylittlejourney Home Pinte For Hexagon Bathroom Tile Decor 11. Hexagon Bathroom Tile Dark Tiles For A Works Well Inside Prepare 14. Bathroom Tile Ideas Grey Hexagon Tiles CONTEMPORIST With Decor 1. Tile School How To Choose The Right Hexagon Floor For Your In Bathroom Decor 6. 39 Stylish Hexagon Tiles Ideas For Bathrooms DigsDigs Pertaining To Bathroom Tile Prepare 5. Hexagon Bathroom Tiles UK Hexagonal For The Inside Tile Prepare 9.


I'm enjoying seeing the additions to their decor that Gloria and Georges are making to their new home. This DIY Wall Mounted Fruit and Veggie Holder looks great and it's a practical way to keep fruits and vegetables on hand.
While neither Gloria nor I can lay claim to being useful with power tools, that's not the case for Georges. He's got several DIY furniture builds in the works and this wall mounted basket holder was the first of lots of projects that we'll be sharing as he completes them.
Gloria and Georges recently went to a sale in their neighborhood for some neighbors that were having a moving sale. They were fortunate that the owners offered them some wood pallets for free-all they had to do was move them down the street a few houses to theirs. Using a miter saw, Georges disassembled the pallet.
After measuring the wall space, he cut pieces of the wood to size and placed them in a pattern that they liked. The wood pieces are screwed into cut pieces of 2x4s.
To mount the pieces of the 2x4s to the wall, large square bend hooks are screwed into the wall studs and the wood is nestled into them.
The metal baskets were purchased at a local liquidation store, but similar ones can be found on Amazon They're attached to the wood with cup hooks.
Using the three pieces cut from 2x4s as the wall mount worked well for this. They are heavy enough to hold the weight of the pallet wood. Leaving the wood natural adds to the farmhouse look of the piece.
I think it looks great in their kitchen and they keep it filled with colorful fruits and vegetables, giving a pop of color to the space.
Please note: If the pallet wood is older than 2005, it could have been treated with methyl bromide and could have the marking MB on it. While some experts say that the danger dissipates in open air, others say it shouldn't be used for projects like this or for a garden. MB hasn't been used since 2005 in the US. It's now heat treated and could have the marking HT on it and it should be safe to use. This is information I have gathered on line. Use caution if you work with pallet wood is my advice.
Thank you, Cindy. It would work well in a small kitchen, plus it keeps things handy.
Thanks, Clearissa! They are enjoying it and it is great that it's a one of a kind piece for their kitchen.
This is such a great idea! Now I need to find a spot for it in my place! Saw this on the blogging grandmother link-up.
Thanks, Nana K! It's a really functional piece for a kitchen.
Nice tutorial, Bev! Great inspiration for basket shelving, too! Thanks for sharing at Homestyle Gathering! Hope to see you back on Tuesday!
Thanks, Julie. They were happy with how it turned out. I think it looks great in their kitchen. Thanks for the party!
Thanks, Sylvia and thanks for the party, too.
Congratulations! You are my feature of the week. Come over and Check Oh My Heartsie Girls Wordless Wednesday, #OHGW, on Wednesday to see your shoutout. Again, Congratulations.
Thanks so much, Clearissa! I appreciate the feature!
Oh, I love this idea! I would totally make one for my own kitchen. If you had little ones running around (like I do), you could be sure to have one or two of the baskets within their reach. Then, they would have easy access to fresh fruit. 🙂 Thanks for sharing at Sweet Inspiration!
Thanks, Amy. It is a practical way to hold items and it looks great in their kitchen, too. Thanks for the party!
I need one of these – we eat a lot of fruits and veggies and they take up quite a bit of counter space right now! I'm going to use it as one of my features this Saturday.
They are handy. I'm wishing I had one, too. Thanks for including it in your features!
Thanks, Angie. It's an easy way to keep things close at hand.
I like the rustic feel to this and it is so original looking. You could use it for a lot more than fruit – it would be a great organizer for lots of things!
I think they did a wonderful job with this. And yes, it could have lots of different uses.
That looks great. And what a lovely encouragement to always have plenty of healthy fruit and veg around. You've got to keep those baskets full and looking good so it's a win for the decor and a win for healthy eating too! Bonus!
Thanks! Yes, it is a great reminder to eat your fruits and veggies.
BaSkets are so helpful for organization. I recently purchased a farmhouse style basket for the top of my fridge that i use for bread. it's so nice you have a handy man In the family to help out with projects. You all did a great job on the baskets, and I'm sure they are super useful in the kitchen.
They are. I have a copper one I keep on top of the fridge for dish towels. Gloria and Georges are enjoying using this.


Cairns (/ˈkɛərnz/, locally [ˈkeːnz] or [ˈkæːnz]) is a regional city in the far north of Queensland, Australia, founded 1876. The city was named after William Wellington Cairns, then-current Governor of Queensland. It was formed to serve miners heading for the Hodgkinson River goldfield, but experienced a decline when an easier route was discovered from Port Douglas. It later developed into a railhead and major port for exporting sugar cane, gold and other metals, minerals and agricultural products from surrounding coastal areas and the Atherton Tableland region. As of June 2012, the population is approximately 153,075.
Cairns is located about 1,700 km (1,056 mi) from Brisbane, and about 2,700 km (1,678 mi) from Sydney by road. It is a popular travel destination for foreign tourists because of its tropical climate. It serves as a starting point for people wanting to visit the Great Barrier Reef and Far North Queensland.
Content on this page is licensed under CC-BY-SA from the authors of the following Wikipedia pages: List of twin towns and sister cities in Oceania, Cairns. Note that the data on Wikipedia is highly unreliable. In many cases, sister cities are missing or wrongly listed. Some cities also have different levels of partnership. If you find an error, please make a correction on the relevant Wikipedia pages and cite your sources.


text:
Beautiful: The Carole King Musical review [Sydney]
By Simon Parris on September 24, 2017 • ( 1 Comment )
A glittering celebration of twentieth century pop music, the Australian premiere season of Beautiful: The Carole King Musical is blessed with a superb local cast.
Owing a debt of gratitude to megahit Jersey Boys, 2014 Broadway musical Beautiful weaves the songs of Carole King, and others, into an account of her life story. Fans who are mainly aware of King's earthy, personal album Tapestry may be surprised at her early career as a prolific pop song writer, when she co-wrote enduring hits such as "Some Kind of Wonderful," "One Fine Day" and "Locomotion."
While the cavalcade of hit songs will have greatest impact for Baby Boomers, a good proportion of the tunes will be known to all ages. Appreciative ripples of recognition greet the opening notes and words of many of the numbers, and the pristine performances of the songs is one of the show's chief attractions.
While book writer Douglas McGrath makes every effort to link the songs to the personal narrative, the deliberate simplicity of the 1960s-era lyrics tends to undermine this. Towards the end of act one momentum flags with a series of songs sung by pop groups, but the focus returns to King and friends in act two as the story drives towards King's eventual performance of her own songs.
It is difficult for a show about such a famous and successful subject to have an I wish song, so Beautiful opens with King at her peak in concert at Carnegie Hall, where she hints at the story to come by telling the audience that even when life doesn't go the way you want you can still find something beautiful.
As a prodigious 16 year old growing up in Brooklyn, King sells her first song to producer Don Kirshner at New York's 1650 Broadway building. She is soon ensconced in the building, churning out songs with husband Gerry Goffin and working alongside colleagues, and dear friends, Cynthia Weil and Barry Mann. Achieving money and fame so young, these kids could have become lost in the new freedoms of the 1960s, but they worked with competitive drive, egged on by Kirshner, to continually aim for that next number one hit.
Having dreamt of life in the suburbs, King was happy to become a mother at a young age, but encountered difficulties in her marriage to Goffin, who suffered from bipolar disorder. Mental illness is almost never referenced in musical theatre, and its presence here adds not just a sense of gravitas but also a grey area in terms of sympathy for the characters.
Already a proven talent, Esther Hannaford reinvents herself yet again as an unprepossessing New York girl with a breathy singing voice. Hannaford's portrayal of the self-deprecating King benefits from her superb comic delivery, which is neatly countered by her success at capturing King's raw vulnerability. This is a towering performance, all the greater for the way Hannaford makes her work appear so natural and easy. The show draws to an end with a string of Tapestry hits, and by this point the audience is so completely in Hannaford's thrall that the line is blurred between performer and character.
Each of King's song-writing colleagues is perfectly cast. Carrying much of the show, the lead quartet of young performers generate winning chemistry and, like their real life counterparts, are all quite gorgeous.
Josh Piterman is in superb form as Goffin, convincingly taking the character from a high school heartthrob to a husband and father tormented by his own unavoidable failings. The role provides welcome chances to enjoy the splendour of Piterman's singing voice, but his key achievement is in the unflinching and affecting portrayal of Goffin's mental illness.
Amy Lehpamer defines the term dream casting as self-confident songwriter Cynthia Weil. Lehpamer infuses a healthy dose of energy from her first scene, when Weil auditions for Kirshner with her own snappy lyrics to "Happy Days." Blessed with much of the best of Alejo Vietti's costume designs, Lehpamer looks divine and, more importantly, sings superbly and also underpins Weil's brittle, driven nature with lashings of warmth and heart.
In a highly auspicious main stage debut, recent WAAPA graduate Mat Verevis more than holds his own alongside his more experienced cast mates. Barry Mann's unflagging hypochondria is a bit of a one-note arc, but Verevis makes the man entirely likeable. A gifted singer, Veveris delivers a thrilling rendition of "We Gotta Get Out of This Place" in act two.
Anne Wood brings her signature verve to King's mother Genie Klein, lacing Klein's well meaning platitudes with an acerbic undertone of thinly veiled judgement. Mike McLeish plays the thankless role of straight man Kirshner with solid presence and a twinkle of good humour.
While the main focus lies squarely on the four leads, the show features a multitude of opportunities for the hard working ensemble, and Vietti provides a multitude of stunning costumes. The Drifters score laughs with a knowing wink to the audience as they perform their deliberately cheesy choreography. Chloe Zuel stands out with a vivacious performance as babysitter-turned-pop-star Little Eva.
The production gleams in the newly renovated Sydney Lyric. Scenic designer Derek McLane and lighting designer Peter Kaczorowski have collaborated to craft a fluid set that sparkles with an inner glow. The abstract rear backdrop is a clever collage of musical instruments and sound equipment.
Beautiful makes no apologies for its status as a piece of light entertainment (it's right there in the title). For an evening of warm nostalgic pleasure it is very hard to beat.
Beautiful plays at Sydney Lyric Theatre.
Photos: Joan Marcus (yes, that Joan Marcus)
Categories: Music Theatre, Reviews
Tagged as: Amy Lehpamer, Anne Wood, Esther Hannaford, Josh Piterman
Pop-up Globe: As You Like It review
Hayes Theatre Co: Assassins review
Pingback: Music Theatre Year in Review 2017 – Simon Parris: Man in Chair

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There is one less place in Malaysia to buy, service and maintain your brand new Volkswagen right now. We were informed a few weeks ago that the FA Wagen Volkswagen PJ showroom, sales, service and spare parts outlet along the busy Jalan 222 in Petaling Jaya was going to close for business.
We took a drive past and noticed at the time they were still in business, well barely, with a handful of cars in the workshop and a few new Volkswagen units in the showroom.
Then last week Thursday we drove past this Jalan 222 Volkswagen showroom again on our way to a meeting and we saw the showroom as you see here in these pictures. Completely shut and out of business.
A quick check of the company website also confirms that this Volkswagen showroom is closed as there is no mention of it anywhere.
With this closure we are now looking at other Volkswagen outlets to see if they are continuing their business or not.
For your information: FA Wagen Sdn. Bhd. (FAW) is an authorized dealer for Volkswagen vehicles in Malaysia and offers the full range of Volkswagen products and services. Since opening its first dealership in June 2007, FAW has grown with locations around the country and today they still operate in Selangor (Glenmarie), one in Kuala Lumpur (Sri Hartamas), and one in Johor (Skudai).
FA Wagen is part of Federal Auto Holdings Berhad (FAHB) and they go back to the year 1960 when Federal Auto Co. Ltd. was founded in Penang by four businessmen. The first car brand handled by the company was Volvo, a brand which it would become synonymous with in the years that followed.
At all the sales outlets, which are open 7 days a week, customers can view and test-drive the latest Volkswagen models. Fully qualified Volkswagen-trained Sales Consultants are on hand to provide information as well as well as assist them in the purchase process. Financial and insurance services are also available for the convenience of customers.
One of the outlets (Sri Hartamas) is a 3S centre offering sales, service and spare parts. FAW was the first Volkswagen dealership in Malaysia to open a 4S centre in February 2012. It has two such centres today which offer state-of-the-art Body and Paint (B&P) facilities at Glenmarie and JB. At these B&P facilities, re-spray and touch-up services are available along with minor and major repair services for accident damage. Only Volkswagen Genuine Parts are used and should there be warranty claims, all FAW service centres are authorized to verify and process the claims.


text:
Sylvester Oromoni's Death Not Caused By Poison, Torture – Nigeria Police
January 8, 2022	by Delia Innoma 0 Comments
Police authorities in Lagos State on Friday said the 12-year-old student of Dowen College in Lekki, Sylvester Oromoni, died a natural death.
The Commissioner of Police in the state, Hakeem Odumosu, disclosed this while briefing reporters at the Command Headquarters in Ikeja on the investigations conducted into the death of the boy.
He stated that the final results of the post-mortem and toxicology examination conducted in Lagos and Delta indicated the cause of the death was natural.
According to the police commissioner, the police position was the submission of Dr S. Soyemi, the consultant pathologist who led a team of pathologists to carry out the autopsy.
The findings, he said, confirmed that there was no evidence to establish a case of torture, bullying and forceful application of poisonous substances against the students and staff of the school arrested by the police.
Odumosu stressed that all the suspects denied the allegations of torture, bullying, and administering of poisonous substances to the deceased.
He added that the allegation that the deceased was forced to join a cult group was also not established, as the students interviewed denied the claim.
The briefing held two days after the Lagos State government cleared the students and employees of the school accused of complicity in the death of Sylvester.
This followed the legal advice of the Director of Public Prosecution (DPP) in Lagos, Ms Adetutu Oshinusi, that the interim and final autopsy reports issued in Lagos and Delta were in agreement as to the cause of death.
Septicaemia, lobar pneumonia with acute pyelonephritis, pyomyositis of the right ankle and acute bacteria pneumonia, all due to severe sepsis led to the death of Sylvester.
-Channelstv
About Delia Innoma
Delia Innoma is a prolific writer, promoter, artist manager with full professional proficiency in English, German and Igbo languages. She studied accounting and computer programming at the Institute of Management and Technology Enugu and Germany respectively. Delia is also a devoted mother of two and she founded the Diamond Celebrities Magazine. Her sense of responsibility and commitment to the Christian faith are essential forces driving her daily activities.
View all posts by Delia Innoma →
Nigerians Pressured Buhari To Run For President, Says Garba Shehu
Why APC May Lose 2023 Poll – Buhari


text:
Watch Steve Harvey Get Befuddled By Newlywed Contestants' Weird Story
Adrienne Jones
Published: Feb. 5. 2016 7:34 PM
It would be pretty easy to argue, at this point, that comedian and host extraordinaire Steve Harvey (Miss Universe screw ups notwithstanding) is one of the best entertainers gracing our screens on a daily basis right now. He's got an easy, everyman quality that makes people relaxed around him, but he still has enough bite to call people out when they do dumb stuff. And, in his role as Family Feud host, he's seen and heard a lot of dumb stuff. On a recent show, though, he heard something so confusing that he had to make sure he got all the facts straight before going off. Take a look.
Wow. OK, let's roll this back a bit. The video, posted on the Family Feud YouTube page, shows Steve Harvey going about his usual start-the-show ritual of meeting each family. You know, like any good host would. He comes to Patricia, the first member of the Alexander family and, without prompting, she tells Steve that she's a newlywed. Which is lovely…but then things take a quick turn for the bizarre.
See, Patricia didn't just get married last year. She got married twice, and to the same man. And, yeah, I know that you are now just as confused as Steve Harvey was when he heard this bit of ridiculousness. But, thankfully for us, it gets stranger. Patricia's double husband Joel decides to pipe in from the end of the line. Steve, heads over and poses a slightly concerned "What happened?" to him. That's when Joel tells us the whole weird story.
Joel and Patricia were already engaged when they went to audition for Family Feud. What they heard is that you have to be married to be on the show, so, they had a quickie wedding to fulfill the requirements of the show, should they be chosen to appear. This is where we all think One does not simply...get married, to appear on a game show. Steve Harvey must have been thinking basically the same thing, because his response was bewildered, truthful and priceless. "You know how many people come on this show ain't married? We done tricked yo' ass into a marriage." Obviously, the goal of Family Feud is for each panel of contestants to be related. So, they went through a lot of trouble just to be on Family Feud.
Patricia tries to step in, but Steve Harvey gives her a loud "SSSHHHHH" and remarks that "ain't nobody talking to you." Steve heads back to her and gets the most important piece of this puzzle: Patricia is the one who said they had to be married to both be on the show. And, Steve is quite proud of her. Hi-fives and an enthusiastic, "Way to roll it up, girl! Way to roll it up! Get yo' man! GET YO' MAN!" follow.
Yeah, Family Feud is always better when we get a glimpse into how screwy people are. And, without Steve Harvey making folks comfortable and getting to the bottom of stories like this, the show just wouldn't be the same.
Adrienne Jones View Profile
Bachelor Nation, Gilmore Girl; will Vulcan nerve pinch pretty much anyone if prompted with cheese...Yes, even Jamie Fraser.
television 7d Wait, Is Steve Harvey's Stepdaughter Dating Michael B. Jordan? Adreon Patterson
television 2M Steve Harvey Tells An Awesome Story About Breaking Into Hollywood When He Was Still Homeless Erik Swann
television 3M Watch Family Feud's Steve Harvey Get Hilariously Stumped By Flirty Contestant Adrienne Jones
Jessica Chastain And 19 Other Actors You Forgot Were On ER television
Ben Affleck Talks Having To Make It In Hollywood Twice When People Thought He Sucked news
The End Of An Era: Liam Neeson Reveals When He's Retiring From Action Movies news
xXx: State Of The Union: 10 Behind The Scenes Facts About The xXx Sequel news
television Kenan Thompson Finally Tells Steve Harvey How He Impersonates The Family Feud Host So Well On SNL
television Steve Harvey Is The Latest Celebrity Speaking Out To Defend Ellen DeGeneneres
television How Steve Harvey Feels About Getting Back To Work After Quarantining For Months
television People Can't Get Enough After Kanye West Posts Picture Of Eating Chick-Fil-A With Steve Harvey


The fourth grade students in Marilawren Mundy's class have been learning about the American Revolution. For students to have a better understanding, they were able to research a key figure, country, or group that impacted the war. History was brought to life by having students dress up as these key figures and tell how they contributed to the American Revolution. Third grade, other fourth grade students, and parents were invited to attend the wax museum.


Below are links to the individual state rules/statutes on class actions. Most included rules are part of the respective state rules of civil procedure.
ALASKA: Rule 23, Alaska Rules of Civil Procedure.
ARIZONA: Rule 23, Arizona Rules of Civil Procedure.
ARKANSAS: Rules 23, 23.1, 23.2, Arkansas Rules of Civil Procedure.
FLORIDA: Rule 1.220, Florida Rules of Civil Procedure.
GEORGIA: Rule 9-11-23, Georgia Code.
HAWAII: Rules 23, 23.1, 23.2, Hawaii Rules of Civil Procedure.
IDAHO: Rule 23, Idaho Rules of Civil Procedure.
ILLINOIS: Part 8, Illinois Code of Civil Procedure.
INDIANA: Rule 23, Indiana Rules of Trial Procedure.
KENTUCKY: Rule 23, Kentucky Civil Rules.
LOUISIANA: Chapter 5, Louisiana Code of Civil.
MAINE: Rule 23, Maine Rules of Civil Procedure.
MASSACHUSETTS: Rule 23, Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure.
MISSISSIPPI: Rules 23, 23.1, 23.2, Mississippi Rules of Civil Procedure.
MISSOURI: Rule 52.08, Missouri Rules of Civil Procedure.
MONTANA: Rule 23, Montana Rules of Civil Procedure.
NEBRASKA: Section 25-319, State of Nebraska Statutes.
NEVADA: Rule 23, Nevada Rules of Civil Procedure.
NEW HAMPSHIRE: Rule 27, Rules of the Superior Court of the State of New Hampshire.
NEW JERSEY: Rule 4:32, New Jersey Court Rules.
NEW YORK: Article 9, New York Civil Practice Law & Rules.
NORTH CAROLINA: Rule 23, North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure.
OHIO: Rule 23, Ohio Rules of Civil Procedure.
PENNSYLVANIA: Rules 1701-1716, Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure.
SOUTH CAROLINA: Rule 23, South Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure.
UTAH: Rule 23, Utah Rules of Civil Procedure.
WASHINGTON: Rule 23, Washington State Court Rules.
WYOMING: Rule 23, Wyoming Civil Rules.


text:
About Football Stadium Digest
Subscribe to the Football Stadium Digest newsletter!
Football Stadium Digest Football Stadium Digest covers major stories and events in the planning, construction and operations of NCAA and professional NFL football stadiums across the United States and Canada.
Endangered Stadiums
Training Complexes
You are here: Home › Live from Roger Goodell's basement: the tech-heavy NFL Draft
Live from Roger Goodell's basement: the tech-heavy NFL Draft
By Kevin Reichard on April 23, 2020 in NFL
Despite a coronavirus pandemic that's shut down a glitzy live event, the NFL and its broadcast partners are managing to make the 2020 NFL Draft a primetime happening—thanks to tech.
The 2020 NFL Draft had been set for a big Las Vegas event, as befitting a major event on the league calendar, but the coronavirus pandemic took the coverge from an elaborate stage next to Caesars Forum on the Strip to various home-based locations, including Roger Goodell's basement. All the action will be virtual, with ESPN coverage originating in Bristol, CT studios (yes, everyone will adhere to proper social distancing guidelines and local workplace rules) and analysts, reporters and other experts contributing remotely from home studios virtually. (Yes, we can't wait to see Mel Kiper Jr. and Booger McFarland are working from remotely.) It is set to be broadcast on ABC (which will broadcast the first three rounds), ESPN and the NFL Network.
Turning a glitzy Las Vegas show into the NFL equivalent of a Wayne's World broadcast is certainly a change, and to their credit NFL officials are treating the event as the entertainment it is during hard times.
"We recognize the challenging times we are living in, but we are looking forward to presenting the 2020 NFL Draft and providing some hope for football fans everywhere," said Seth Markman, ESPN vice president, production, via press statement. "For the past couple of years, ESPN's NFL and college teams have worked together on our draft coverage, and it has been a win for our viewers. This year, we are further excited to collaborate with the NFL Network creating an All-Star broadcast. We are also committed to producing the ESPN/NFL Network and ABC shows in the safest possible environment for our announcers and production teams."
And, as another way to sell the draft as a worthwhile diversion, the NFL Draft will also feature a "Draft-A-Thon" which will pay tribute to healthcare workers and first responders in a variety of ways—including raising funds for the work being done to combat the impact of COVID-19. Funds will help support six national nonprofits and their respective COVID-19 relief efforts.
One impact on tonight's draft will be the lack of in-person scouting, shut down due to the coronavirus pandemic. Technology via virtual scouting has been drafted to help inform NFL teams with their picks.
The 2020 scouting process had begun with pro days and individual workouts before travel was shut down by the league, but it's clear scouts had not done all the work they anticipated before the draft. Game video has helped fill the gaps, but scouts want to see more: they want to see how players react in specific game situations.
Enter Slants, a sports-tech startup that analyses game data and extrapolates from that game data via artificial intelligence. The Brooklyn firm has worked with several teams on performance analysis, per The New York Times:
In the past month, more N.F.L. teams have been sending Slants video of dozens of plays from college games and asking for predictive statistics on players — particularly wide receivers, running backs and defensive backs. Some teams are using Slants's findings to confirm data that their scouts collected in games or drills. In other cases, Slants is providing new information.
"It kind of feels guilty to say with everything going on in the world, but it's helped show people the value of this technology," said Ali Shah, the company's other co-founder.
N.F.L. teams are reluctant to openly discuss how they use the technology for fear of giving their rivals an advantage. But one person in charge of analytics at an N.F.L. team who spoke on condition of anonymity said that he is using Slants to help evaluate some of the 3,000 or so college players he has tracked ahead of this year's draft. His team also uses Pro Football Focus, which grades college players from the Power 5 conferences. His staff also watches video to subjectively evaluate lesser known players.
One element of the draft that will change because of the coronavirus: the ritualistic booing of Goodell as he announces draft choices. Yeah, it's irrational, and yeah, it's more the result of drunken bros gathering than any well-reason criticism of Goodell's policies or deep analysis of team draft picks. But there are two promos designed to measure how fans are virtually booing Goodell.
A Bud Light promo, in conjunction with the NFL, asks fans to boo on Twitter while tagging @budlight and including a hashtag #BooTheCommish. For every tweet, Budweiser will donate $1 to the Draft-A-Thon fund mentioned above, up to $500,000. Not the most imaginative of promos and even by Budweiser standards extremely self-serving.
The better tracker of response to NFL draft picks may be a real-time reaction tracker of Reddit users. Caio Brighenti, a student at Colgate University and a disciple of Big Data, is setting up a real-time tracker of fan sentiment based on Reddit postings, with the results to be posted on Twitch. From the Wall Street Journal:
Reddit, in particular, is perfect for parsing through the psychoses of NFL fans on draft day. The popular website's set-up makes it possible for him to scrape their comments immediately. There are also nearly two million members of the NFL's sub-Reddit, plus the ones on individual team pages, giving him an even larger sample size than the tens of thousands of people who show up to the draft in a given year. And there's a tool on Reddit for all of those fans to identify their favorite team, so Brighenti knows if every post is coming from someone who loves the Bengals or the Cowboys.
The program pulls every new post as soon as it goes up and places it in a spreadsheet that's the digitized version of a sports bar where everyone is arguing. Then each comment is evaluated by an analysis tool that rates the text on a scale from -1 to 1; lower figures are angrier and more negative and higher ones are happier and more positive.
"It basically keeps a rolling average of the sentiment of the fan base," Brighenti says.
Of course, it's less satisfying to post a strongly worded reaction on Reddit than to yell at Goodell on the Las Vegas Strip with beer and indignation in hand. But in this time of coronavirus, we all must make sacrifices.
Photo courtesy Paramount.
With daily news about the spread of the coronavirus impacting the sports-business and facilities industries, it's more important than ever to stay up with the latest news in the venues industry. That's why we're launching a Venues Digest newsletter focusing on coronavirus information across the ballparks, arenas, stadiums, theater and performing-arts worlds. For now it will appear daily, and for now it will be free of charge to industry professionals. Sign up here.
RELATED STORIES: League exploring backup venues for 2020 NFL season; Trump: 2020 NFL season should start in September
About Kevin Reichard
View all posts by Kevin Reichard →
Connect With Football Stadium Digest
Connect with Football Stadium Digest on Social Media: Follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, free email newsletter or RSS!
49ers hit the road after stadium, practice facility shut down
Jaguars: TIAA Bank Field upgrades must be part of lease extension
New for 2020: Lumen Field
Many NFL teams riding out 2020 NFL season sans fans
Super Bowl 2021: 20 percent capacity at Raymond James Stadium
2020 NFL Draft, NFL, NFL Draft, Roger Goodell
League exploring backup venues for 2020 NFL season
Emmert: Colleges need to open before NCAA sports resume
Search Football Stadium Digest
College bowl game cancelations on hand November 30, 2020
49ers hit the road after stadium, practice facility shut down November 30, 2020
Jaguars: TIAA Bank Field upgrades must be part of lease extension November 24, 2020
New for 2020: Lumen Field November 19, 2020
Many NFL teams riding out 2020 NFL season sans fans November 11, 2020
New for 2015: NRG Stadium March 13, 2014
With new owner, is time right for downtown Bills stadium? September 10, 2014
Rams, Raiders leading charge for LA move October 27, 2014
Residents oppose public spending on new Buffalo Bills stadium: poll October 27, 2014
NFL to new Tottenham stadium by 2018? January 3, 2015
2019 2020 Allegiant Stadium Atlanta Falcons Bank of America Stadium Buffalo Bills Carolina Panthers Colorado State Stadium Colorado State University Convadium FedEx Field Hard Rock Stadium Inglewood Jacksonville Jaguars Las Vegas Las Vegas Raiders Las Vegas Sands Corp Las Vegas Stadium Los Angeles Los Angeles Chargers Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Los Angeles Rams M&T Bank Stadium Mercedes-Benz Stadium Miami Dolphins Minnesota Vikings naming rights NCAA New Era Field NFL Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Oakland Raiders Qualcomm Stadium Raymond James Stadium RFK Stadium San Diego San Diego Chargers San Diego State University SDCCU Stadium SDSU St. Louis Rams Super Bowl U.S. Bank Stadium UNLV Washington Redskins
Subscribe to Football Stadium Digest via Email
Want to be notified by email every time a new story is posted to Football Stadium Digest? Here's where to sign up. And don't forget to sign up to the weekly newsletter above!
Categories Select Category Alliance of American Football Arizona Cardinals Arizona State University Atlanta Falcons Auburn University Baltimore Ravens Big 12 Big Ten Boise State University Buffalo Bills BYU Cal Carolina Panthers CFL Chicago Bears Cincinnati Bengals Clemson University Cleveland Browns Coastal Carolina University Colorado State University Dallas Cowboys Denver Broncos Detroit Lions Duke University Endangered Stadiums FIU Florida State University Fresno State Georgia State University Georgia Tech Grambling State University Green Bay Packers Harvard History Houston Texans Indiana University Indianapolis Colts Industry News Iowa State Jacksonville Jaguars Kansas City Chiefs Kansas State University Las Vegas Las Vegas Raiders Liberty University London Los Angeles Los Angeles Chargers Los Angeles Rams Louisiana State University Louisiana Tech Miami Dolphins Michigan State University Minnesota Vikings Mississippi State University Montana State University Navy NCAA Football New England Patriots New Orleans Saints New York Giants New York Jets NFL Northwestern Notre Dame Oakland Raiders Oklahoma State University Old Dominion Ole Miss Oregon State University Pac-12 Penn State University Philadelphia Eagles Pittsburgh Steelers Prairie View A&M Purdue University Rutgers San Diego Chargers San Diego State University San Francisco 49ers San Jose State Seattle Seahawks SMU Sponsored Spring Football St. Louis Rams Syracuse University Tampa Bay Buccaneers TCU Temple University Tennessee Titans Texas Tech Training Complexes Troy University UCLA University of Alabama University of Alabama Birmingham University of Arizona University of Arkansas University of Central Florida University of Cincinnati University of Delaware University of Florida University of Georgia University of Hawaii University of Houston University of Illinois University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Kentucky University of Louisville University of Memphis University of Miami University of Minnesota University of Missouri University of Nebraska University of New Hampshire University of New Mexico University of Oklahoma University of Oregon University of Pennsylvania University of South Alabama University of South Carolina University of South Florida University of Southern California University of Tennessee University of Texas University of Wisconsin University of Wyoming UNLV Utah Utah State Vanderbilt Virginia Tech Visits Wake Forest Washington Football Team Weber State West Virginia University WSSU XFL Yale
QUICK GUIDE: FSD SHORTCUTS
Allegiant Stadium (Las Vegas Raiders, UNLV)
Camping World Stadium (renovation)
Bryant-Denny Stadium (renovation)
Delaware Stadium (renovation)
Hancock Whitney Stadium (University of South Alabama)
SoFi Stadium (Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers)
Williams-Brice Stadium (renovation)
Bill Snyder Family Stadium (renovation)
Darrell K Royal-Texas Memorial Stadium (renovation)
Protective Stadium (University of Alabama Birmingham)
Rice-Eccles Stadium (renovation)
Carrier Dome (renovation)
New SDSU Stadium
Aloha Stadium replacement
Neyland Stadium (renovation)
Mercedes-Benz Superdome (renovation)
Football Stadium Digest covers major stories and events in the planning, construction and operations of NCAA and professional NFL football stadiums across the United States and Canada.
About August Publications
August Publications is a Middleton, Wisconsin-based publisher of websites and books aimed at the sports-business and active-living markets. Learn more at August Publications.
Also from August Publications
© 2021 Football Stadium Digest. All Rights Reserved.


Just a day before the authorities plan to roll out the all India tiger census report, a news from around the woods have rejoiced the wildlife lovers in Kolkata. A photograph showing three cubs outside the Sunderbans' tiger reserve is doing the rounds, which means the tiger population in and around the reserve is not only stable, but rising.
Meanwhile, Wildlife Institute of India (WII) has alerted authorities that the park may have reached its maximum capacity to house tigers. Thus, the authorities have started chalking out plans in and outside the park to preclude any chances of big cats dispersing out. In case they do, there is an adjoining forest nearby, which can dwell their dispersing population.
Ratul Saha, WWF-India's landscape coordinator, said "We will need to install cameras in reserve as well as that adjoining forest to check whether tigers are dispersing out of the reserve area or not".


text:
Introducing The Next Generation Of Leaders And Thinkers
A Beginner's Guide to Public Speaking
Starting Fresh in a Wrinkled Time
10 Meaningful New Years' Resolutions to Try in 2021
How To Teach Your Children Vital Social and Emotional Skills
Zulaikha Patel
zoya wazir
zinnia jones
No, The 'Murder Hornet' Probably Won't Be After You
bySophia Moore
Over the weekend, The New York Times published a feature about the "fatal" Asian Giant Hornet—otherwise known as the "Murder Hornet." The hornet made headlines this weekend because of its invasive status to the Pacific Northwest, raising questions about how the creature could impact the environment (and humanity) if given time to settle in the U.S. The article quickly resulted in social media spin-offs, retweets, and reposts about the hornets being the new 2020 horror for the month of May. Publications were quick to amplify the hysteria, emphasizing the massive size of the hornet and how potent its venom is.
I, too believed the invasive species was a threat to my life; after all, with a bug that big and mandibles that menacing, why wouldn't it be a threat to humans? Because we're not their primary target.
Murder hornets. Sure thing, 2020. Give us everything. Hypno-frogs. Fecal blizzards. Toilet tsunamis. A CATS sequel. We can take it. https://t.co/DSDpgKhKzQ
— Patton Oswalt (@pattonoswalt) May 2, 2020
Understanding the Giant Hornet
The original NYT article described the hornets as having "mandibles shaped like spiked shark fins" which is an undoubtedly scary image. However, the Asian Giant Hornet, native to Japan, eastern and southeastern parts of Asia, is the most deadly towards honeybees. The hornet lives a eusocial life, attacking beehives and wasp nests in swarms. During the attack, the hornets decapitate the prey of the chosen hive, transporting the slaughtered prey to their own hives to feed their young. The rate at which the hornets can attack honeybee hives is devastating, leading to a new adaptation in Japanese honeybees to fend the hornets off.
So yes, the Asian Giant Hornet is scary in that it's the world's largest hornet, but its lifestyle doesn't often impose on our own. They're partial to honeybees and their 3-phased attacks on hives. The fact that the hornets have invaded the Pacific Northwest, however, is concerning for another reason: American honeybees are not as well-suited to fend off attacks from the hornets as Japanese honeybees are.
What Does This Mean for Our Bees?
Amidst the hysteria caused by The New York Times feature, honeybees became a central concern, as they're the hornet's main target. Washington state, the site of the original sightings, has embarked on a hunt for the hornets, attempting to contain the
via Pixabay for Pexels
new species before they have the opportunity to wreak havoc on native honeybee populations. Scientists and agriculture experts from the state have prioritized the hunt for the hornet, noting that the sooner the hornet is contained, the better.
The rapidity of the hunt for the hornets is not only for the good of Washinton state but for the United States as a whole. Should the Asian Giant Hornet have the opportunity to spread throughout the state and the country, honeybee populations across the nation would be decimated. This would have irreversible damage on the pollination rate of American crops and flowers, permanently impacting the behavior and growth of American crops and honeybees. By containing the hornet while its numbers are still low, Washington state is protecting the future of American agriculture as we know it.
Despite the 1.5-to-2-inch size of the hornets, humans shouldn't worry too much about the hornet impacting their own lives. Extreme caution should be used near the hornet, but it won't be compelled to attack without provocation. On average, Asian Giant Hornets are recorded to kill 50 people a year in Japan. They're a creature to be aware of, but not feared on a regular basis, especially because the hornet is still in a containment phase. If encountered, distance and avoidance are the best precautions to take, in addition to reporting the sighting.
It's crucial that Americans in the impacted areas are aware of the presence of the hornet to help contain the spread. While the Asian Giant Hornet is scary and threatening to honeybee populations, it's nothing more dangerous to humans than spiders or insects that already live in the United States. As with any other wild animal, caution and calm are the best antidotes to avoiding the sting of the so-called "Murder Hornet."
Report any sightings of the Asian Giant Hornet here.
Photo: The Washington State Department of Agriculture
Sophia Moore
Sophia Moore is an 18-year-old writer based in Southern California. She can often be found penning works ranging from dramatic poetry, insightful articles and extravagant short stories about almost every topic imaginable. Beyond the literary world, Sophia enjoys voicing her opinions through debate, discovering new music (or more likely, listening to the same three playlists on repeat), browsing lifestyle and fashion blogs, and taking her dog out on long walks. You can keep up with her on Twitter and Instagram @scribblersoph.
Trump, The Georgia Tapes, and the Future of Democracy
2021 and beyond: What a Biden presidency means for the tech sector
byAffinity Magazine Staff
Affinity Magazine's 2020 Live Election Updates: Senate Edition
Pompeo's RNC Speech in Jerusalem Broke Rank & Rules, Sparking House Investigation
byHelen Ehrlich
Affinity Magazine's 2020 Live Election Updates: The Presidential Race
byJoanna
Come one, come all! Did you know that nearly 75% of people are nervous when it comes to…
byAlana D'Cruz
Being a parent is one of the most rewarding journeys that one can embark on during their lifetime.…
2021: A Year of Big Change for the Big Tech World
The tech industry, even more so than others, is built on mandated year-on-year change. Every succeeding year's iPhones…
byMatteo Di Maio
How to spruce up your home on a budget
We all have a home, be it with our parents, living in university accommodation, or in a house…
Copyright © 2021 Affinity Magazine


text:
Antonio Mejías Jiménez dit « Antonio Bienvenida », né à Caracas (Venezuela) le , mort à Madrid (Espagne) le , est un matador espagnol.

Présentation
Antonio Bienvenida est un des cinq fils de Manuel Mejías y Rapela « Bienvenida ». Ses frères sont : Manuel Mejías y Jiménez Manolo Bienvenida (Bienvenida IV), Pepe Bienvenida (Bienvenida V), Raphael Mejías y Jiménez (Bienvenida VI), Ángel Luis Bienvenida (Bienvenida VIII). Il est lui-même classé dans l'ordre des frères Bienvenida comme Antonio Mejías y Jiménez (Bienvenida VII).

Il prend l'alternative à Madrid le , avec comme parrain son frère « Pepe Bienvenida », devant des taureaux de la ganadería de Don Eduardo Miura.

Il participa à plus de huit cents corridas dans toute sa carrière. Le , il fait le pari de tuer douze taureaux le même jour, au cours de deux corridas, l'une l'après-midi, l'autre en nocturne. Il se retire du toreo à la suite d'une corrida dans les arènes madrilènes de Vista Alegre, le .

Un an après, jour pour jour, au cours d'une tienta à El Escorial (province de Madrid) dans la ganadería de Doña Amelia Pérez-Tabernero, il est renversé par la vache « Conocida », qui lui cause des lésions irréversibles aux vertèbres cervicales. Il meurt à Madrid le .

Références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste de matadors
 Liste des matadors morts dans l'arène

Liens externes

Torero madrilène
Naissance en juin 1922
Naissance à Caracas
Décès en octobre 1975
Apodo
Matador mort dans l'arène
Décès à Madrid
Décès à 53 ans
Alternative à Madrid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The design of this unique Universial Vertical Tilt Base allows this tilt base to fit most vertical antennas with or without a base bracket. Pre-punched hole makes it easy to mount many different type of verticals.
Fits Hygain's AV-18VS / AV-14AVQ / AV-18AVQII / AV-640 / AV-620 / AV-6160, and MFJ`s MFJ-1796 / MFJ-1798 / MFJ-2990 and others with tube bases or mast pipes up to 2 ¼" OD. Mount one side of the tilt base to the mast and the other to the antenna base.
No climbing a ladder -- raise your antenna up/down easily before severe weather by yourself -- just walk it up or walk it down. Ground radial holes also provided. ?" thick aluminum. Includes two 2 ¼" U-bolts, mast saddles and stainless steel nuts and bolts.


It is said that only black and white photography can pass on the true beauty of the world. Many photographers believe that monochrome photos look much better and show more details of subjects. This photo technique distances a photographer from shots' scenes and makes it almost impossible to influence to an end-viewer perception.
When you photograph people in color you photograph their clothes. But when you photograph people in B&W, you photograph their souls!
So now we'd like to show you 20 black and white photos of women. Who knows, maybe you'll find something hidden beyond the appearance of these beautiful women. If our collection got you interested at least a little, we'll be glad to find your notes in the comment field below.
If you like these black and white women photos then you will definitely appreciate other showcases of inspirational photography.


We're doing it again! Register to run the 2nd Annual New Year's Resolution Run 5k or 10k at Al Lopez Park in Tampa, FL., hosted by NeoEndurance.
This is Tampa's FIRST 5k and 10k event of 2019. YOUR RESOLUTION RUN! What are your goals for 2019? Achieve your first goal with us by finishing a 5k or 10k.
Every finisher will earn a medal, a holiday-themed performance shirt, and access to local sponsors and vendors. Bring the kids and have their faces painted!
This year we will not have age-group awards. Instead, the top three finishers in each event will receive a free or reduced entry into any one of our 2019 events. We will recognize two divisions: females and males for both the 5k and 10k.
Children under 10, and older than 6, can run the 5k. Children under 10 cannot run the 10k or the challenge.
Double-wide (or wider) strollers. At some points on the course, the path isn't wide enough for three adults.
Skateboards, bicycles, tricycles, skates, etc.


text:
What Is a Mobile Processor?
Andy Josiah
A mobile processor is a type of central processing unit (CPU) manufactured for relatively small electronic devices. This includes portable personal computers (portable PCs), cell phones, and personal digital assistants (PDAs). The mobile processor, however, is most commonly associated with laptops, or notebooks.
The defining feature of a mobile processor is its energy efficiency. Mobile processors consume less power than other types of CPUs, thus making them more energy-efficient. This is usually aided by a greater sleep-mode capability that demands less electrical consumption than when the electronic device is in operating mode, or reduced processing power when executing lesser workloads. A mobile processor also tends to operate on a lower voltage.
Tablets use mobile processors, which are very energy efficient.
On the other hand, a mobile processor is generally less powerful than the ones found on comparatively large electronic devices. This is because the device it ends up in does not need as many instructions to carry out operations. A major characteristic of the relatively limited power of the mobile processor is its processing speed, which is the rate at which it operates.
Mobile processors are central processing units designed for small and portable devices, including laptop computers.
The most common type of mobile processor is the notebook processor, a CPU found in laptop or notebook PCs. It operates with cooler temperatures and lower voltages, and also has the ability to slow down or completely shut down certain sections of itself. These features make them more energy efficient and greater boosters of the computer's battery life than their desktop PC counterparts. The ascendancy of this type of mobile processor can be attributed to the desktop CPU being quick to heat up in a laptop, as well as being a greater drainer of its battery life.
Since the late 1990s, semiconductor manufacturer Intel Corporation had some of the members of its then-flagship Pentium brand of consumer-oriented CPUs branded "M" or "Mobile." The debut of the Mobile Intel Pentium 4 in 2003, however—plus refinement with the mobile processor entries of the Core, which eventually replaced the Pentium as the premier brand in 2006—marked the beginning of the manufacture, rather than the mere branding, of Intel chips specifically made for application on notebooks. Its main competitor, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), also releases mobile processors via its Turion series.
As evidence of the growing popularity of the mobile processor, Intel introduced the Atom in 2008 for electronic devices even smaller than laptops. The most popular application is the netbook, which is a smaller, less advanced version of the notebook PC. Other recipients of the Intel Atom include the nettop, which is a low-power desktop PC; and the Mobile Internet Device (MID), which is the entertainment-focused version of the business-oriented PDA.
What Does an Operations Processor Do?
What Is Socket P?
What Is CPU Core Voltage?
What Is Socket M?
What Is Socket 370?
How do I Choose the Best Mobile Computing Solution?
What is an Intel® Atom™ Processor?
By: sepy
By: Eugenio Marongiu


text:
Q: use zeroinfl with lmer in r I'm trying to merge a zeroinfl Poisson regression with a lmer model. How can I do that?
cro<-zeroinfl(carbapenem~time+COVID-19+time*COVID-19+month+(time|ORGANISM),data=all_mall)

This is the error it gives:
Error in X1 | ORGANISM :
  operations are possible only for numeric, logical or complex types

A: Probably the easiest way would be to use a Bayesian approach with the brms package. For example,
brm(carbapenem~time+`COVID-19`+time*`COVID-19`+month+(time|ORGANISM),
    data = all_mall, family = zero_inflated_poisson())

Note that to treat COVID-19 as a variable, you should enclose it in back-ticks.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text!! It increases my appreciation of the song 1000%.
simply got very tired of airplanes and travel. My loss.
Two movies from Brazil have impressed me no end: the 1950s "O Cangaceiro"
end of which I cry unabashedly.
way back in the 1900s.


text:
Category Archives: Santillana del Mar
¡España!
GIJÓN Y ENVIRONS
Tuesday-Wednesday, July 9-16, 2019
Marina Yates welcomed us onto the north coast of Spain Tuesday morning with Jésus, the marina manager, and his friend catching our lines. We had heard of the warm hospitality visiting yachts received in Spain, and Jésus and his staff proved it.
He later came aboard to help us plan our exploration of Gijón and the surrounding area. His enthusiasm for this region of Spain was infectious, and we carefully noted routes and sites to see.
But, we also had another treasure trove of information for this area, which we frequently consulted during our stay. Our friends Linda and Joel had traveled here resulting in several detailed emails providing excellent suggestions for a road trip.
Another source came from my brother and sister-in-law who had just recently returned from a two-week road trip, which included both inland and coastal sight-seeing. Coastal because my brother managed to bring his wetsuit and surf several times :)
Not only did Jésus assist in mapping out our itinerary but also served as transport to the local medical clinic. Furthermore, when we didn't return until much later in the afternoon, we discovered he drove to the hospital (!) to see if we had been sent there. But, it was nothing that drastic. The clinic gave us an appointment and within two hours we had paid the 51 euro bill and obtained a prescription at a local pharmacy for 5 euros. The efficiency and low-cost stunned us (other times we've had to pay much, much more to access a country's medical services), as did the concern and care from Jésus.
Our marina sat on the outskirts of the city resulting in a 20-30 minute walk to reach the old town. Along the way we noticed some ugly graffiti mirroring what's going on back home. Another reminder of how nationalism brings out the worst in people.
But, that was one of the few signs we saw, hoping there weren't more.
When exploring Gijón we walked by a statue of a king named Pelayo holding aloft a cross.
In reading later about this guy we discovered Asturias, a principality facing the Cantabrian Sea (Spanish name for Bay of Biscay) to the north, Cantabria to the east, Castile-León to the south, and Galicia to the west, served as the first area of this peninsula to reconquer lands from the Moors.
Pelayo (d.737), whom they think may have been a page or a bodyguard in the royal court of Visigothic King Roderick (who died fighting the Muslims), led the revolt in the early 700s, becoming king in 717 after pushing the Muslims out of his country and reinstating the Catholic faith and Spanish independence, at least in this bit of Spain.
Subsequently, Pelayo became a legend and is hailed as the savior of Christianity. One site describes his victory over the Moors as such: "Vastly outnumbered but armed with invincible faith, Don Pelayo's heroic spirit attracted God's blessing and changed the course of Spanish history" (www.tfpstudentaction.org). Yikes. Thus begins another religious righteousness that, to me, has poisoned the world.
But, back to Asturias where prior to Pelayo evidence has been found of human habitation 100,000 years ago. Later, during the Iron Age, Celtic tribes arrived and settled in this area. By the 5th century B.C.E. the Castreña culture populated the area, living in fortified settlements called castros located on hilltops surrounded by a circular ditch.
Next, the Romans arrived in the Iberian peninsula 219/8 B.C.E. They overcame their main rivals, the Carthaginians, in 205 B.C.E. and proceeded to push north and west, conquering tribes along the way – one being the Lusitanians.
The Lusitanians lost to the invaders in 133 B.C.E. but only after putting up fierce resistance. Interestingly, some historians accredit the Lusitanians under their leader Viriatus (d.138 B.C.E.) as employing the first Spanish guerrilla tactics.
The Romans continued their push into Iberia, now focusing on the Celtic tribes occuping northwest Spain, primarily in Asturias and its eastern neighbor, Cantabri. Only after ten years of fighting (29-19 B.C.E.) did Rome finally win the war.
Then, 700 years later the Moors arrived, which brings us back to Don Pelayo (FYI: most of the rest of Spain remained under the Moors until King Ferdinand V and Queen Isabella I captured Granada in 1492).
Okay, back to Pelayo (labeled 'the wild ass' in an Islamic chronicle). Since his reconquering of Asturia from the Moors soon after their initial invasion, this part of the Iberian peninsula remained independent with the title "prince of Asturias" being used by the Spanish monarchy to this day. And, in spite of the Roman and Moorish invasions, the native traditions still exist as we saw during several festivals.
With time to explore the region we rented a car and headed south towards the beautiful Picos de Europa. For three days we oohed and awed over the glorious scenery laid out in front of us.
Covandonga
Within several hours we found ourselves in one of the Asturians' most venerated sites: Covandonga. Here Pelayo began his reconquest of Asturias. Supposedly, the breath of the Virgin inspired Pelayo to win the Battle of Covadonga thus placing this spot on the history map. The cave, Cova Dominica, in which Pelayo and his soldiers sheltered became a holy site with the third king of Asturias, Alphonse I (693-757) building a chapel there. A masonry one was built on the spot in 1940.
Not only does the Holy Cave enshrine the Ausurians' patron saint, la Santina (the Virgin de Covandonga) seen below in a 1918 procession to the Holy Cave…
but also Pelayo, his wife Gaudosia,
and Alphonse I who are entombed here.
Originally, pilgrims crawled on their knees up the 100 stone steps (Staircase of Promises) to reach the site, but now a tunnel connects it to the esplanade of the Basilica. And, overseeing the entire plaza is the iconic statue of Don Pelayo with his infamous Christian cross, la Cruz de la Victoria.
The Basilica dramatically rises as you begin your approach to the plaza,
passing the Collegiate Church of San Fernando.
Commissioned by King Alphonse XII (1886-1941), the Basillica was completed in 1901.
Walking back to our car we contemplated joining a long line waiting for the bus to see two magnificent lakes, Enol and La Ercina. It was tempting, as was taking the Fuente Dé cable car to the top of Picos Massif as my brother and his wife recently did; however, the heat won out with our choosing, instead, to avoid the crowds. We opted for an icy pop then slurped our way back down the hill to our car.
We continued winding our way further south through mountainous countryside with a few stops at roadside adventure camps
and miradors along the way.
Our next destination was Cangas de Onis, capital of Asturias until 774 with its former Roman bridge reconstructed during the Middle Ages.
We also took advantage of some other works of 'art'.
Posada de Valdeón
Late afternoon we began our search for a place to stay, and we found the perfect spot in Posada de Valdeón: Hotel Rural Picos de Europa. We knew we were lucky because not a lot of accommodations populate these small towns, but our hosts said the high season had only just begun since earlier rainy weather delayed the typical onslaught of visitors.
And, our room tucked up into the top floor made for a perfect 'Heidi in the mountains' feel.
This tiny village offered several lodges, a few restaurants (one being so good we returned for our second feast the next night), and an outdoor adventure shop. That's it, along with the incredible vistas.
It's also where we met and shared some wonderful conversations with two avid New Hampshire hikers who kindly suggested an easy stroll for us, starting in Cain, another small village further north.
We drove a half hour or so to Cain for a morning trek alongside the Cares River, a riverbed chiseled out of huge limestone blocks.
It also serves as a feed for hydropower, which is probably why such a well-established trail is carved out of the limestone, beginning with some short tunnels.
We went to the mid-point, then turned to retrace our steps. But, not before we experienced a religious moment… Thanks to our friend Ellen, we started seeing Flat Jesus in odd spots, including on a trail sign,
and in my back pocket.
We felt a bit abashed when others noticed our Flat Jesus, but we hopefully allayed any disrespect by saying it was 'for our church'.
On our way back to our inn we stopped at yet another viewpoint (honestly, you can not not take photos of all this splendor)
only to find when we got back in the car that we could only go in reverse (!) while in first gear. Not a good thing when on narrow, steep, winding roads. In other words, backing up all the way back was definitely not an option.
After a few moments of wide-eyed concern of 'how the hell do we get out of this predicament?!', Max discovered he just had to really, REALLY gun it when starting on an incline. Problem solved but not without some rapid heart beating.
The next morning we packed our bags and headed off for more exploring as we made our way back to the coast, heading north and east.
The roads appeared well kept
although still a bit unerving with steep drop-offs and potential fog banks ahead.
With a full day ahead we decided to check out another popular pilgrimage site.
Just outside the city of Potes in the Cantabria province east of Asturias, Turibius of Liébana and some Benedictine monks settled in the foothills of Picos de Europa in the 6th century.
Several centuries later Don Pelayo's successful campaign against the Moors resulted in a Catholic stronghold. Later, emigrating Christians from the north created a strategic buffer in the Valley of Liébana along the River Duer. Which is how the monastery Santo Toribio de Liébana came to be.
It gets a bit confusing as this Turibius of the 6th century (who would become a Saint) gets mixed up with another Turibius of Astorga of the 4th century (also granted Sainthood). I believe it's the latter whose bones found their way to this monastery.
To me, what's interesting is both championed Rome's Catholicism versus Priscillianism, a form of Christianity developed here in the 4th century by, whom else, Priscillian (340-385).* And, one I had never ever heard about, which isn't surprising considering my tiny knowledge of religions.
*This doctrine is a mix of Gnosticism (the Christians' God didn't directly create the earth, an imperfect spirit did…) and Manichaeism (the good power of God opposed the evil power of the devil) with the underlying dualistic premise: material was evil and the spirit good, which, leads to the logical (?) belief that this denied Christ's humanity.
Priscillian didn't sound like a fun guy as he has been described as a rigorous ascetic forbidding all sensual pleasures, marriage, meat and wine. He also has the distinction of being the first ascetic executed (he literally lost his head) for heresy by the Church.
And, this is one of the rabbit holes I follow when something unusual catches my interest and, which I'm certain doesn't capture yours! So, onwards to what we actually saw…
We passed groups of orange t-shirted youth making their way up the long hill.
I later spoke with several of them who explained they comprised a group of around 100 kids from all over Spain. Their week-long pilgrimage ended here, for which they appeared extremely thankful.
We followed them into the church, built in 1256. The simplicity of the decor was refreshing after the lavishness of other churches and cathedrals we'd visited.
Here we witnessed a short sermon (which we didn't understand) and a song (which didn't matter that we didn't understand as it was lovely).
Off to the left of the Apse an iron grill secured the Chapel of the Lignum Crucis. Eye roll not withstanding, peering through the bars we saw a glass encased, gold encrusted sacred relic.
This was the Lignum Crucis or in lay terms, the largest known piece of the True Cross… left branch, mind you, of the cross Jesus died on. And, if you could look at it without the gold casing (created in the 18th century) you could see the nail hole for one of his hands, I mean, the sacred nail hole.
And, how did this priceless piece of wood come to be here you ask? Well, Emperor Constantine's mom, Helen (Saint Elena now) (246/248-330 C.E.) discovered it along with the crucifixion nails, the holy tunic, and the crown of thorns belonging to Jesus. Historians can't quite pinpoint how Camaleño managed to get their hands on this artifact; but it most likey arrived in the 8th century along with the remains of Santo Toribio de Astorga. Which is why this ancient monastery is known as "The Sanctuary of the Lignum Crucis".
I didn't see it but the monastery's cloister has replicas of the "Commentary on the Book of the Apocalypse" by Beatus of Liébana (730-800). Drafted in 776 then revised twice over the next ten years, his work served as a rallying cry for his countrymen against the Moorish rule. Thus, it became a best seller, causing others to create over 34 versions (called "beatus") from the 10th to the 16th centuries.
In a small gift shop you could obtain a bunch of Christian items, including several versions of a baby Jesus,
with price tags that probably pay for some good communion vino.
As tempting as it was, we decided to not bring one aboard to keep our pagan doll company.
Rgardless of who did what when, this stone grouping of quiet buildings nestled amongst the forested hill exudes peace. One we enjoyed in spite of our heatheness.
Back down the hill we drove into another popular destination, Potes. We eventually found a parking spot and joined other tourists out and about enjoying a warm summery day.
A tower offered some great views
and a quick history of the region beginning with the Roman conquest of NW Spain and continuning through the rise of the Inquisition.
And, remember the Beatus mentioned earlier? An exhibit featured replicas of these manuscripts, noting that a variety of institutions (Paris National Library, Madrid's Royal Academy of History Library, New York City's Morgan Library, etc.) hold the originals.
Since the majority of text appeared in Spanish we deciphered what we could- not quite understanding the Beatus' significance, but appreciating the illustrations,
including some rather cartoonish expressions of Adam and Eve…
While I perused the Beatus Max joyfully occupied himself scouting out various placements for Flat Jesus, the most notable relating to the Inquisition.
An outdoor lunch (numerous sidewalk cafes mean very few choose to eat indoors) and people-watching ended our tour of Potes.
We continued on our journey while every now and then gazing heavenwarads to thank the road gods for the nets above us.
We stopped in at the 10th century church of Santa Maria de Liébana. Unfortunately, we had missed the confusing signage citing opening hours but did appreciate the setting, situated below a rock climbing school.
Our last destination before Santander landed us in one of the quaintest medieval villages we'd seen in Spain: Santillana del Mar. Thankfully, Linda mentioned this otherwise we might have missed it, which would have been a real mistake.
We paid a small entrance fee to access one of this village's main sites: Santa Juliana Collegiate Church.
Another fascinating religious structure educated us on the connection of the French King Luis IX (1214-70) to this region of Spain via his father's (Luis VIII's) marriage to Blanca de Castilla (1188-1252).
A display describes this king as one of the most prestigious figures of the Middle Ages. No doubt this reverance came from Louis' devotion to the Christian faith (he's the only French king named as a Saint). He wanted to trade his crown for a monk's robe but knew his duty was to lead his people, which he did in the 7th and 8th crusades while spending boat loads of public funds on Christian relics (he built Sainte-Chapelle to hold these special items). Considering he zealously suppported the Inquisition, his reforming of the French legal system and the presumption of innocence seems a bit hypocritical. Eventually Luis got his halo and became Saint Luis in 1297.
For all his monkhood he certainly enjoyed the conjugal bed, for his wife Margaret of Provence (1221-95) popped out 11 kids.
We wandered along the cloister noting elaborate columns decorated with religious scenes
and an elaborate storyboard depicting the life of Christ,
which jolted us when it suddenly sparked into animation.
On our way to this site Max noticed a potential MDT (Max Disaster Tour), the Torture and Inquisition Museum. Oh boy.
However, when we met at the cafe (I decided to sit this one out) he said the displays present these despicable practices in historical context, and notes which ones continue to the present day in particular countries.
Another very historical site we unfortunately missed: the Cave of Altimira with its 14,000 year-old paintings. But, hey, yet another reason to return to this magical region of Spain.
By 10pm we found ourselves standing in Santander's small airport waiting for a special visitor to arrive. Soon we spotted my beautiful god daughter Maggie :) She had made the trek from Lyons where her French studies had just ended and was joining us for a too-brief visit.
Back on JUANONA we fell into berths and woke Sunday morning for another day of sight-seeing. We made the short drive to the capital of Asturias, Oviedo, where we posed for photos in front of its famous cathedral in the Plaza Alphonse II El Casto,
listened to traditional music while watching costumed locals dance,
enjoyed some tapas and some of tapas including shaved slices of jamón,
and appreciated one of the stunning sculptures scattered throughout out this city.
A circular route back to Gijón included some back roads to another small church, again whose viewing hours we missed; but, we did see one of this area's traditional hórreos or granaries.
Raised onto mushroom topped stones,
this design supposedly kept rodents out of the stored grain; however, I'd like to see a test run of this for all of us thought rats could scale those pillars pretty quickly if they're anything like the squirrels at our feeders.
A quick drive down to the small harbor of Cudillero found us amidst a flood of locals and tourists. Against a steep backdrop of homes, cafes, and shops locals and tourists alike basked in the hot sun
with some getting a respite from the water.
After a whirlwind of a visit Maggie boarded a bus to Bilboa to meet her friends as well as reacquaint herself with her luggage that hadn't arrived on her flight to us.
A quick provisioning at a huge supermercado and a wash down of JUANONA's deck to remove coal dust from the loading port next door prepped us for our next adventure: Galicia, which, to say it properly, start lisping!
I can't leave this post without noting a favorite musician of mine who passed away July 16. Johnny Clegg, born 1953, was someone I discovered in the 1980s and followed ever since. Thanks to him, I have a wonderful memory of dancing my butt off with my cousin Cathy and friend Colleen in the early 1990s at a concert in Burlington, Vermont.
So, here's to Johnny Clegg and the beauty of his music.
https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-ten-great-johnny-clegg-songs/
This entry was posted in 2019, Cangas de Onis, COUNTRY, Covandonga, Cudillero, Europe, Gijón, Oviedo, Picos de Europa, Posada de Valdeón, Potes, Santillana del Mar, Spain, SUMMER CRUISING and tagged Cangas de Onis on August 5, 2019 by margaretlynnie.


text:
A Cup of Joe Content from the guide to life, the universe and everything
Created Oct 10, 2003 | Updated May 17, 2016
'A cup of Joe,' as a reference to a cup of coffee, first appeared as popular slang in the 1930s and 40s. Opinions differ on where this phrase originates from, but presented here are a few different theories.
Something to do with the Military?
In 1914, the secretary of the US Navy, Admiral Josephus 'Joe' Daniels abolished the officers' wine mess. From that time on the strongest (and apparently therefore the drink of choice) on board navy ships was coffee. It was dubbed 'a cup of Joe' after the secretary.
'A cup of Joe' also refers to the GIs' favourite drink. During World War II the US defence workers were supplied with as much coffee as they wanted. Coffee was a source of warmth and comfort for battle-weary troups.
The slang was popular enough to be included in the Reserve Officer's Manual of 1931.
A variation on this theme has it that Joe refers to the average Joe, thus making 'a cup of Joe' the average drink of the average man.
Martinson's Coffee
There was a New York company named Martinson's Coffee (Andy Warhol liked to paint the cans) owned by a man named Joe Martinson. The neighbourhood of the company would be saturated by the aroma of roasting coffee, and coffee therefore became known as 'a cup of Joe'.
It sounds lovely, the thought of waking every morning to the smell of newly-roasted coffee beans, but actually it's not. Take a trip through a town with a company that roasts coffee - for example Karlstad in Sweden - and you'll understand. If the neighbourhood said anything they likely said 'a smell of Joe' and meant it in a negative way.
How drunk do you have to be to mispronounce Java?
'Joe' is a derivation of 'Java'. Java itself became a popular American nickname for coffee in the 19th Century when the island of Java in Indonesia was a major source of the world's coffee.
Old Black Joe
Yet another theory connects 'a cup of Joe' to the song 'Old Black Joe', written by Stephen Collins Foster (author of 'Oh! Susannah' and 'Camptown Races') in 1860. Of course, if you read the lyrics you'll find they have nothing to do with coffee:
Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay,
Gone are my friends from the cotton fields away,
Gone from the earth to a better land I know,
I hear their gentle voices calling Old Black Joe.
I'm coming, I'm coming, for my head is bending low,
Why do I weep, when my heart should feel no pain,
Why do I sigh that my friends come not again?
Grieving for forms now departed long ago.
Where are the hearts once so happy and so free?
The children so dear that I held upon my knee?
Gone to the shore where my soul has longed to go,
So Which Is Correct?
The most prevalent theory of the origin of 'a cup of Joe' is the one that concerns Josephus Daniels. It's the one you'll hear on the History Channel (if you're in North America) and is the one you'll find in columns exploring the origins of words and phrases. It's widely repeated on the Internet (often word by word as if people were copying and pasting).
As if people were copying and pasting
Food & Drink > Non-alcoholic Drinks
Food & Drink > Non-alcoholic Drinks > Coffee
roundbrackets
Lentilla (Keeper of Non-Sequiturs)
The H2G2 Editors
Tim Hortons Coffee and Donuts
The Cafe Scene in Loveland, Colorado, USA
Coffee in Spain
A Guide to the Menu at Starbucks
Coffee Republic, Waterstones, Nottingham, UK
Hard Boiled Slang
Ways to Make Good Coffee
Andy Warhol: Pop Art versus High Modernism
Ordering Coffee in France
Stories from World War Two


text:
IFLR / Resources / Supplements / Corporate Governance 2003 / Turkey
Although a latecomer to the international corporate governance arena, Turkey has been taking strong and decisive steps towards attaining international standards in its governance practices. Since 2001, Turkey has made considerable progress in establishing the principles of corporate governance in its private sector.
The benefits to be derived from implementing the four principles of corporate governance, namely fairness, transparency, accountability and responsibility are highly valuable, if not essential, for all companies, regardless of their legal nature, and for all administrative bodies and entities. Companies that focus on the importance of corporate governance principles are likely to attract capital and encourage foreign investors. Despite its geopolitical advantages and the potential for a booming economy, Turkey has not yet become an appealing environment for foreign investment. As an emerging market, Turkey's need for good governance principles is not just sufficient in terms of its private sector, but also for all entities that are in need of more effective governance standards. This makes the establishment of corporate governance principles in Turkey even more essential.
Both the Code of Best Practice introduced by TÜSIAD (Turkish Industrialists and Businessmen Association established by private sector with a strong lobbying power) in 2002 and the Draft Corporate Governance Guide by the Capital Markets Board (CMB) have attempted to address the needs of joint stock corporations, although they tended to ignore the principles that should be applicable to limited liability partnerships and other forms of legal entities. However, in a country where approximately 645 of the 85,000 joint stock corporations are publicly held and only 289 are listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE), it will certainly be difficult to monitor the private sector's implementation of corporate governance principles. After all, approximately 99% of Turkish companies are family conglomerates, generally uninformed about the concept of an independent and professional governance system.
The private sector, through business associations and universities, and the administrative bodies through the CMB is endeavouring to disseminate corporate governance principles in Turkey with an understanding of the difficulties involved in encouraging the implementation of corporate governance principles.
EFFECTS OF WORLDWIDE TRENDS IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
A milestone in the development of transparency and accountability requirements, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the US has had an indirect influence in Turkey, which was reflected by the CMB's legislative amendments concerning independent auditing, special event disclosure rules and other amendments to certain legislation taking into account the specifics of the Turkish market.
The EU has reacted strongly to the new US regulations and believes that the scandals there resulted from problems in the GAAP, which are irrelevant to the European situation. The report prepared by the High Level Group of Company Experts commissioned by the EU (Winter Report) stresses, among other things, that there is no clear best type of corporate governance for Europe. Although the goals are similar to those of the US regulations, the strategies proposed are different, reflecting the challenges of harmonizing standards while respecting national and corporate diversity. While the European approach would allow companies the option, in some contexts, either of complying with suggested national regulation or explaining their refusal, the US prefers a more rigid standardization of principles.
Turkey seems to follow both trends to a certain extent while retaining the flexibility to reflect its own national and cultural identity in the corporate governance principles it adopts.
MATTERS RELATED TO CORPORATE GOVERNANCE UNDER TURKISH CORPORATE LEGISLATION
The duties and liabilities of a board of directors are dealt with under various provisions of the Commercial Code. There are also specific provisions in other legislation such as the Banks Act and the Capital Markets Law (CML).
The Commercial Code provides that only individuals can become members of a board and directors must be elected from among the company's shareholders or be representatives of legal entity shareholders. The Commercial Code does not require directors to be Turkish citizens and therefore permits foreign citizens to be elected as directors. These requirements are not exhaustive. Internal regulations and the company's articles of association may introduce additional requirements.
Duties and liabilities of directors
Directors are required to participate in all activities regarding the company's management. In particular, they are required to attend board meetings, raise questions and make suggestions at these meetings, and note their dissenting opinion in circumstances where they believe the resolutions are not in the company's best interests. Directors must also ensure that the business is running in accordance with the law, the articles of association and the company's interests.
Another important duty of directors is that they are precluded from entering into transactions with the company unless specifically permitted by the shareholders. If any party to such a transaction suffers a loss, directors may be held liable to compensate the company's loss and damage incurred by the company's shareholders or creditors. Furthermore, although the Commercial Code prohibits directors from competing with the company, this non-competition rule may be lifted by a shareholders' resolution.
In addition to the above, the CML, the Corporate Tax Law, the Social Security Law and the Banks Act impose several further liabilities on the directors of companies that are subject to these specific laws.
Under the Commercial Code the following are entitled, subject to certain circumstances, to file a lawsuit against the directors concerning their liabilities:
the company;
creditors;
third parties;
bankruptcy administrators or trustees in bankruptcy; and
certain regulatory authorities.
Role of shareholders in the company's management
As the General Assembly of Shareholders is the ultimate decision-making body of a corporation, shareholders have a considerable level of power in determining the way a company is run.
Individual shareholders' rights
Individual rights arise from owning a share in the company and do not necessitate being a part of majority or minority shareholders. The rights related to governance of the company are, among other things:
filing lawsuits against board members and/or statutory auditors who have violated the Commercial Code or the articles of association or who have otherwise failed to perform their duties;
filing lawsuits for cancellation of a shareholders' resolution;
attending voting in shareholders' meetings; and
requesting information regarding the activities and financial situation of the company.
The Commercial Code defines minority shareholders' rights as the rights of a shareholder or a group of shareholders owning shares representing at least one-tenth (one-twentieth in publicly-held corporations) of the share capital of a joint stock corporation.
The main rights to which minority shareholders are entitled in connection with governance monitoring are to:
request that the company file a lawsuit against the board members and auditors concerning personal liabilities for their unlawful acts;
request appointment of an independent auditor;
file complaints before the statutory auditors of the joint stock corporation; and
request that the board of directors call the shareholders for a meeting and request the inclusion of additional items in the agenda of the meeting.
However, minority shareholders face a number of legal constraints in exercising these rights, thereby preventing minority shareholders from constituting a threat, or acting as a watchdog over the company's actions.
CMB LEGISLATION
The CMB has amended many of its communiqués or issued new communiqués to impose basic corporate governance principles on publicly-held joint stock corporations. Among others, a significant amendment was made on the Communiqué on Independent Auditing. This communiqué prohibits companies already rendering auditing services to a company from providing bookkeeping, financial management, valuation, consulting and other related services. Another important amendment was made to the Communiqué on Special Event Disclosures. This communiqué improved the specific events that should be disclosed to the public in order to provide transparency and keep the investors informed. A new Communiqué on Cumulative Voting was issued and this is favourable to minority shareholders, enabling them to weigh all their voting rights toward one particular board candidate or disperse their voting rights equally among other candidates.
CODE OF BEST PRACTICE
Largely inspired by the OECD's Code of Best Practice, TÜSIAD issued a Code of Best Practice setting out a number of guidelines regarding the duties and responsibilities, composition, appointment and decision-making mechanisms of the board. It also proposed a number of means to monitor the performance of the board, and the board's relationship with other bodies of the company. The Code introduces new committees such as the Corporate Governance Committee, the Audit Committee and the Senior Management Training, Career and Remuneration Committee. Although the Code is not legally binding, TÜSIAD intends to influence its members and emphasize the importance of corporate governance.
The Code introduces the concept of CEOs that does not legally exist under the Turkish Commercial Code. It encourages companies to appoint a CEO, and urges companies to make sure that the CEO is a different person than the chairman of the board. In an effort to strengthen independence, the Code also states that at least 25%, and preferably 50% of the members of the board should be independent, a goal which may be gradually achieved, although it is difficult in practice.
THE CORPORATE GOVERNANCE ASSOCIATION
Corporate Governance has also been a concern for a skilled group of senior executives and professionals who have formed the Corporate Governance Association in order to pioneer the establishment, adoption and development of corporate governance in Turkey.
The association plans to organize meetings and seminars aimed to educate businessmen and company shareholders in cooperation with the CMB and the ISE. One of the main targets of the association is to spread corporate governance throughout Turkey and provide assistance when needed.
THE CMB'S CORPORATE GOVERNANCE GUIDE
The CMB's Corporate Governance Guide, which is not binding, emphasizes the principles that have already been set out in the Commercial Code, and also provides a number of new guiding principles to enhance the implementation of corporate governance. According to the preamble, the principles set out by the Guide are the so-called "implement, or explain why you do not implement" principles. Because the CMB is an independent authority that regulates capital markets and establishes rules for publicly-held corporations, the Guide does not address closely-held corporations.
The guidelines set out by the Guide may be examined under the following headings:
The foremost right of shareholders that has been emphasized by the Guide is the shareholders' right to obtain information about the company's activities and decisions. It requires that a Corporate Governance Committee be formed, and a sub-unit for relations with shareholders be established under the Corporate Governance Committee. Furthermore, it provides that all information that should be known by the company's shareholders must be disclosed on the company's website.
The Guide encourages the drafting of articles of association in a manner that enables minority shareholders to exercise their minority rights more easily, and makes it easier for all shareholders to freely transfer their shares.
Special importance is paid to the effective election of the board of directors. The Guide requires companies to provide, to all shareholders, detailed information regarding the board nominees' relations with the company and other companies, their personal and educational backgrounds, assets and whether or not they meet the required criteria for independence. In addition, the Guide requires that shareholders be informed as to what information the candidate member has refused to provide about himself or herself.
The Guide also recommends that companies avoid using privileged voting rights, and emphasizes equality among shareholders. In an effort to ensure equality among shareholders, the Guide further encourages companies to include a provision in their articles of association that would entitle the owners of publicly-held shares to nominate at least one board member. In this respect, it encourages the inclusion of terms allowing cumulative voting.
Public disclosure and transparency
The Guide encourages greater transparency and requires publicly-held corporations to disclose all significant information that could influence stakeholders' investment decisions, without limiting such information to the legal disclosure requirements.
The term 'stakeholders', which is not recognized by the Commercial Code, was first introduced to the Turkish corporate world by the Guide. It defines stakeholders as "any person, entity or group that has an interest in a company's accomplishment of its objectives and the performance of its activities". The Guide further provides that the stakeholders of a company include, without limitation, the company's shareholders, employees, creditors, debtors, customers, suppliers, labour unions, the government and potential investors in the company.
The Guide recommends that companies work towards a balanced policy, protecting each stakeholder's interests independently. It further suggests that companies devise mechanisms and models to ensure the participation of stakeholders in the company's management, in a manner that would not impede the activities of the company.
Furthermore, the Guide states that a company's human resources policies and their relations with their customers and suppliers be carefully treated, taking into account the principles of equality, fairness and confidentiality. Finally, the Guide places emphasis on companies' social responsibility, and provides that companies must be sensitive to the needs of the environment, consumers, public health and ethics.
The Guide attempts to set out clearer duties for the board, and provides a list of their duties. In addition, it suggests that board members be divided into two classes: executive members and non-executive members. More importantly, the Guide recommends the presence of independent board members.
It is also recommended that the articles of association include terms requiring board members to:
return any and all monetary benefits received from the company that exceed the monetary benefits provided to board members of other companies in the event that the company goes bankrupt; and
declare in writing that they will comply with the relevant legislation and the company's internal policies and regulations and that they will be severally liable for any breaches thereof.
In an effort to further enhance the independence of the board, it requires that the chairman of board, the CEO and the general manager be different persons in order to prevent any conflicts of interest.
NON-BINDING NATURE OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRINCIPLES
Both the Code and the Guide are mere guidelines, with no binding effect over companies that fail to implement them. This makes Turkish corporate governance a set of voluntary principles that are aimed at improving a company's performance. Looking at this from a different angle, it may be asserted that although these principles are not legally binding, they can become practically binding.
The ISE has recently announced that it will soon issue a separate corporate governance index for companies that implement the principles set out by the Guide. This champions league of companies will certainly encourage listed, publicly-held corporations to accommodate the principles of good governance and to implement them to the extent possible. In this respect, it could be said that the Guide could have a negative binding effect over publicly-held companies.
Moreover, it is likely that the content of the Code and the Guide will provide a basis for the corporate governance ratings of rating agencies. Therefore, although compliance with the Guide and the Code is voluntary, benefits that can be gained by good rating notes and being ranked in the ISE's future corporate governance index can at least render good governance a crucial requirement for listed, publicly-held corporations.
PROSPECTS OF A WELL-ESTABLISHED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICE
Like its political structure and multicultural population, Turkish corporate structure can be considered as special compared to that of other countries. This is particularly due to the large number of family conglomerates. It is inevitable that Turkey will face some difficulty in adopting corporate governance principles because of the lack of confidence in each other amongst businessmen, which is one of the main reasons for the large number of family businesses. It is certain that once corporate governance principles become an objective rather than a legal obligation, the private sector will enhance its already powerful status in Turkey. The results of such enhancement are likely to provide more investment, higher efficiency and more democratically and fairly run companies.
Hergüner Bilgen Özeke
Akaretler Siraevler 55
Süleyman Seba Caddesi
34357 Besiktas - Istanbul