text:
1.1: Introduction to Biology
1: Introduction to Biology
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1.1.1: Themes and Concepts of Biology
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Properties of Life
Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli
Energy Processing
Levels of Organization of Living Things
The Diversity of Life
Branches of Biological Study
Biology is the science that studies life. What exactly is life? This may sound like a silly question with an obvious answer, but it is not easy to define life. For example, a branch of biology called virology studies viruses, which exhibit some of the characteristics of living entities but lack others. It turns out that although viruses can attack living organisms, cause diseases, and even reproduce, they do not meet the criteria that biologists use to define life.
From its earliest beginnings, biology has wrestled with four questions: What are the shared properties that make something "alive"? How do those various living things function? When faced with the remarkable diversity of life, how do we organize the different kinds of organisms so that we can better understand them? And, finally—what biologists ultimately seek to understand—how did this diversity arise and how is it continuing? As new organisms are discovered every day, biologists continue to seek answers to these and other questions.
All groups of living organisms share several key characteristics or functions: order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. When viewed together, these eight characteristics serve to define life.
Organisms are highly organized structures that consist of one or more cells. Even very simple, single-celled organisms are remarkably complex. Inside each cell, atoms make up molecules. These in turn make up cell components or organelles. Multicellular organisms, which may consist of millions of individual cells, have an advantage over single-celled organisms in that their cells can be specialized to perform specific functions, and even sacrificed in certain situations for the good of the organism as a whole. How these specialized cells come together to form organs such as the heart, lung, or skin in organisms like the toad shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) will be discussed later.
Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): A toad represents a highly organized structure consisting of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. (credit: "Ivengo(RUS)"/Wikimedia Commons)
Organisms respond to diverse stimuli. For example, plants can bend toward a source of light or respond to touch (Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\)). Even tiny bacteria can move toward or away from chemicals (a process called chemotaxis) or light (phototaxis). Movement toward a stimulus is considered a positive response, while movement away from a stimulus is considered a negative response.
Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): The leaves of this sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) will instantly droop and fold when touched. After a few minutes, the plant returns to its normal state. (credit: Alex Lomas)
Watch this video to see how the sensitive plant responds to a touch stimulus.
Single-celled organisms reproduce by first duplicating their DNA, which is the genetic material, and then dividing it equally as the cell prepares to divide to form two new cells. Many multicellular organisms (those made up of more than one cell) produce specialized reproductive cells that will form new individuals. When reproduction occurs, DNA containing genes is passed along to an organism's offspring. These genes are the reason that the offspring will belong to the same species and will have characteristics similar to the parent, such as fur color and blood type.
All living organisms exhibit a "fit" to their environment. Biologists refer to this fit as adaptation and it is a consequence of evolution by natural selection, which operates in every lineage of reproducing organisms. Examples of adaptations are diverse and unique, from heat-resistant Archaea that live in boiling hot springs to the tongue length of a nectar-feeding moth that matches the size of the flower from which it feeds. All adaptations enhance the reproductive potential of the individual exhibiting them, including their ability to survive to reproduce. Adaptations are not constant. As an environment changes, natural selection causes the characteristics of the individuals in a population to track those changes.
Organisms grow and develop according to specific instructions coded for by their genes. These genes provide instructions that will direct cellular growth and development, ensuring that a species' young (Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\)) will grow up to exhibit many of the same characteristics as its parents.
Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): Although no two look alike, these kittens have inherited genes from both parents and share many of the same characteristics. (credit: Pieter & Renée Lanser)
Even the smallest organisms are complex and require multiple regulatory mechanisms to coordinate internal functions, such as the transport of nutrients, response to stimuli, and coping with environmental stresses. For example, organ systems such as the digestive or circulatory systems perform specific functions like carrying oxygen throughout the body, removing wastes, delivering nutrients to every cell, and cooling the body.
To function properly, cells require appropriate conditions such as proper temperature, pH, and concentrations of diverse chemicals. These conditions may, however, change from one moment to the next. Organisms are able to maintain internal conditions within a narrow range almost constantly, despite environmental changes, through a process called homeostasis or "steady state"—the ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions. For example, many organisms regulate their body temperature in a process known as thermoregulation. Organisms that live in cold climates, such as the polar bear (Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\)), have body structures that help them withstand low temperatures and conserve body heat. In hot climates, organisms have methods (such as perspiration in humans or panting in dogs) that help them to shed excess body heat.
Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): Polar bears and other mammals living in ice-covered regions maintain their body temperature by generating heat and reducing heat loss through thick fur and a dense layer of fat under their skin. (credit: "longhorndave"/Flickr)
All organisms (such as the California condor shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\)) use a source of energy for their metabolic activities. Some organisms capture energy from the Sun and convert it into chemical energy in food; others use chemical energy from molecules they take in.
Figure \(\PageIndex{5}\): A lot of energy is required for a California condor to fly. Chemical energy derived from food is used to power flight. California condors are an endangered species; scientists have strived to place a wing tag on each bird to help them identify and locate each individual bird. (credit: Pacific Southwest Region U.S. Fish and Wildlife)
Living things are highly organized and structured, following a hierarchy on a scale from small to large. The atom is the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter. It consists of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. Atoms form molecules. A molecule is a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond. Many molecules that are biologically important are macromolecules, large molecules that are typically formed by combining smaller units called monomers. An example of a macromolecule is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\)), which contains the instructions for the functioning of the organism that contains it.
Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\): A molecule, like this large DNA molecule, is composed of atoms. (credit: "Brian0918"/Wikimedia Commons)
To see an animation of this DNA molecule, click here.
Some cells contain aggregates of macromolecules surrounded by membranes; these are called organelles. Organelles are small structures that exist within cells and perform specialized functions. All living things are made of cells; the cellitself is the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms. (This requirement is why viruses are not considered living: they are not made of cells. To make new viruses, they have to invade and hijack a living cell; only then can they obtain the materials they need to reproduce.) Some organisms consist of a single cell and others are multicellular. Cells are classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack organelles surrounded by a membrane and do not have nuclei surrounded by nuclear membranes; in contrast, the cells of eukaryotes do have membrane-bound organelles and nuclei.
In most multicellular organisms, cells combine to make tissues, which are groups of similar cells carrying out the same function. Organs are collections of tissues grouped together based on a common function. Organs are present not only in animals but also in plants. An organ system is a higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs. For example vertebrate animals have many organ systems, such as the circulatory system that transports blood throughout the body and to and from the lungs; it includes organs such as the heart and blood vessels. Organisms are individual living entities. For example, each tree in a forest is an organism. Single-celled prokaryotes and single-celled eukaryotes are also considered organisms and are typically referred to as microorganisms.
Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\): From an atom to the entire Earth, biology examines all aspects of life. (credit "molecule": modification of work by Jane Whitney; credit "organelles": modification of work by Louisa Howard; credit "cells": modification of work by Bruce Wetzel, Harry Schaefer, National Cancer Institute; credit "tissue": modification of work by "Kilbad"/Wikimedia Commons; credit "organs": modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal, Joaquim Alves Gaspar; credit "organisms": modification of work by Peter Dutton; credit "ecosystem": modification of work by "gigi4791"/Flickr; credit "biosphere": modification of work by NASA)
Which of the following statements is false?
Tissues exist within organs which exist within organ systems.
Communities exist within populations which exist within ecosystems.
Organelles exist within cells which exist within tissues.
Communities exist within ecosystems which exist in the biosphere.
All the individuals of a species living within a specific area are collectively called a population. For example, a forest may include many white pine trees. All of these pine trees represent the population of white pine trees in this forest. Different populations may live in the same specific area. For example, the forest with the pine trees includes populations of flowering plants and also insects and microbial populations. A community is the set of populations inhabiting a particular area. For instance, all of the trees, flowers, insects, and other populations in a forest form the forest's community. The forest itself is an ecosystem. An ecosystem consists of all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, or non-living, parts of that environment such as nitrogen in the soil or rainwater. At the highest level of organization (Figure \(\PageIndex{7}\)), the biosphere is the collection of all ecosystems, and it represents the zones of life on Earth. It includes land, water, and portions of the atmosphere.
The science of biology is very broad in scope because there is a tremendous diversity of life on Earth. The source of this diversity is evolution, the process of gradual change during which new species arise from older species. Evolutionary biologists study the evolution of living things in everything from the microscopic world to ecosystems.
In the 18th century, a scientist named Carl Linnaeus first proposed organizing the known species of organisms into a hierarchical taxonomy. In this system, species that are most similar to each other are put together within a grouping known as a genus. Furthermore, similar genera (the plural of genus) are put together within a family. This grouping continues until all organisms are collected together into groups at the highest level. The current taxonomic system now has eight levels in its hierarchy, from lowest to highest, they are: species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain. Thus species are grouped within genera, genera are grouped within families, families are grouped within orders, and so on (Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\)).
Figure \(\PageIndex{8}\): This diagram shows the levels of taxonomic hierarchy for a dog, from the broadest category—domain—to the most specific—species.
The highest level, domain, is a relatively new addition to the system since the 1990s. Scientists now recognize three domains of life, the Eukarya, the Archaea, and the Bacteria. The domain Eukarya contains organisms that have cells with nuclei. It includes the kingdoms of fungi, plants, animals, and several kingdoms of protists. The Archaea, are single-celled organisms without nuclei and include many extremophiles that live in harsh environments like hot springs. The Bacteria are another quite different group of single-celled organisms without nuclei (Figure \(\PageIndex{9}\)). Both the Archaea and the Bacteria are prokaryotes, an informal name for cells without nuclei. The recognition in the 1990s that certain "bacteria," now known as the Archaea, were as different genetically and biochemically from other bacterial cells as they were from eukaryotes, motivated the recommendation to divide life into three domains. This dramatic change in our knowledge of the tree of life demonstrates that classifications are not permanent and will change when new information becomes available.
In addition to the hierarchical taxonomic system, Linnaeus was the first to name organisms using two unique names, now called the binomial naming system. Before Linnaeus, the use of common names to refer to organisms caused confusion because there were regional differences in these common names. Binomial names consist of the genus name (which is capitalized) and the species name (all lower-case). Both names are set in italics when they are printed. Every species is given a unique binomial which is recognized the world over, so that a scientist in any location can know which organism is being referred to. For example, the North American blue jay is known uniquely as Cyanocitta cristata. Our own species is Homo sapiens.
Figure \(\PageIndex{9}\): These images represent different domains. The scanning electron micrograph shows (a) bacterial cells belong to the domain Bacteria, while the (b) extremophiles, seen all together as colored mats in this hot spring, belong to domain Archaea. Both the (c) sunflower and (d) lion are part of domain Eukarya. (credit a: modification of work by Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH; credit b: modification of work by Steve Jurvetson; credit c: modification of work by Michael Arrighi; credit d: modification of work by Frank Vassen)
EVOLUTION IN ACTION: Carl Woese and the Phylogenetic Tree
The evolutionary relationships of various life forms on Earth can be summarized in a phylogenetic tree. A phylogenetic tree is a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both. A phylogenetic tree is composed of branch points, or nodes, and branches. The internal nodes represent ancestors and are points in evolution when, based on scientific evidence, an ancestor is thought to have diverged to form two new species. The length of each branch can be considered as estimates of relative time.
In the past, biologists grouped living organisms into five kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria. The pioneering work of American microbiologist Carl Woese in the early 1970s has shown, however, that life on Earth has evolved along three lineages, now called domains—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Woese proposed the domain as a new taxonomic level and Archaea as a new domain, to reflect the new phylogenetic tree (Figure \(\PageIndex{10}\)). Many organisms belonging to the Archaea domain live under extreme conditions and are called extremophiles. To construct his tree, Woese used genetic relationships rather than similarities based on morphology (shape). Various genes were used in phylogenetic studies. Woese's tree was constructed from comparative sequencing of the genes that are universally distributed, found in some slightly altered form in every organism, conserved (meaning that these genes have remained only slightly changed throughout evolution), and of an appropriate length.
Figure \(\PageIndex{10}\): This phylogenetic tree was constructed by microbiologist Carl Woese using genetic relationships. The tree shows the separation of living organisms into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Bacteria and Archaea are organisms without a nucleus or other organelles surrounded by a membrane and, therefore, are prokaryotes. (credit: modification of work by Eric Gaba)
The scope of biology is broad and therefore contains many branches and sub disciplines. Biologists may pursue one of those sub disciplines and work in a more focused field. For instance, molecular biology studies biological processes at the molecular level, including interactions among molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as the way they are regulated. Microbiology is the study of the structure and function of microorganisms. It is quite a broad branch itself, and depending on the subject of study, there are also microbial physiologists, ecologists, and geneticists, among others.
Another field of biological study, neurobiology, studies the biology of the nervous system, and although it is considered a branch of biology, it is also recognized as an interdisciplinary field of study known as neuroscience. Because of its interdisciplinary nature, this sub discipline studies different functions of the nervous system using molecular, cellular, developmental, medical, and computational approaches.
Figure \(\PageIndex{11}\): Researchers work on excavating dinosaur fossils at a site in Castellón, Spain. (credit: Mario Modesto)
Paleontology, another branch of biology, uses fossils to study life's history (Figure \(\PageIndex{11}\)). Zoology and botany are the study of animals and plants, respectively. Biologists can also specialize as biotechnologists, ecologists, or physiologists, to name just a few areas. Biotechnologists apply the knowledge of biology to create useful products. Ecologists study the interactions of organisms in their environments. Physiologists study the workings of cells, tissues and organs. This is just a small sample of the many fields that biologists can pursue. From our own bodies to the world we live in, discoveries in biology can affect us in very direct and important ways. We depend on these discoveries for our health, our food sources, and the benefits provided by our ecosystem. Because of this, knowledge of biology can benefit us in making decisions in our day-to-day lives.
The development of technology in the twentieth century that continues today, particularly the technology to describe and manipulate the genetic material, DNA, has transformed biology. This transformation will allow biologists to continue to understand the history of life in greater detail, how the human body works, our human origins, and how humans can survive as a species on this planet despite the stresses caused by our increasing numbers. Biologists continue to decipher huge mysteries about life suggesting that we have only begun to understand life on the planet, its history, and our relationship to it. For this and other reasons, the knowledge of biology gained through this textbook and other printed and electronic media should be a benefit in whichever field you enter.
CAREERS IN ACTION: Forensic Scientist
Forensic science is the application of science to answer questions related to the law. Biologists as well as chemists and biochemists can be forensic scientists. Forensic scientists provide scientific evidence for use in courts, and their job involves examining trace material associated with crimes. Interest in forensic science has increased in the last few years, possibly because of popular television shows that feature forensic scientists on the job. Also, the development of molecular techniques and the establishment of DNA databases have updated the types of work that forensic scientists can do. Their job activities are primarily related to crimes against people such as murder, rape, and assault. Their work involves analyzing samples such as hair, blood, and other body fluids and also processing DNA (Figure \(\PageIndex{12}\)) found in many different environments and materials. Forensic scientists also analyze other biological evidence left at crime scenes, such as insect parts or pollen grains. Students who want to pursue careers in forensic science will most likely be required to take chemistry and biology courses as well as some intensive math courses.
Figure \(\PageIndex{12}\): This forensic scientist works in a DNA extraction room at the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Laboratory. (credit: U.S. Army CID Command Public Affairs)
Biology is the science of life. All living organisms share several key properties such as order, sensitivity or response to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation, homeostasis, and energy processing. Living things are highly organized following a hierarchy that includes atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Organisms, in turn, are grouped as populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere. Evolution is the source of the tremendous biological diversity on Earth today. A diagram called a phylogenetic tree can be used to show evolutionary relationships among organisms. Biology is very broad and includes many branches and sub disciplines. Examples include molecular biology, microbiology, neurobiology, zoology, and botany, among others.
a basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical reactions
the study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and their environments
a collection of all ecosystems on Earth
the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things
a set of populations inhabiting a particular area
all living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, nonliving parts of that environment
eukaryote
an organism with cells that have nuclei and membrane-bound organelles
the process of gradual change in a population that can also lead to new species arising from older species
the ability of an organism to maintain constant internal conditions
macromolecule
a large molecule typically formed by the joining of smaller molecules
a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond
a structure formed of tissues operating together to perform a common function
organ system
the higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs
organelle
a membrane-bound compartment or sac within a cell
an individual living entity
a diagram showing the evolutionary relationships among biological species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both
all individuals within a species living within a specific area
a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle
a group of similar cells carrying out the same function
This page titled 1.1.1: Themes and Concepts of Biology is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by OpenStax.
1.1.2: The Process of Science


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Q: How to get unique values from a object array based on a key field utilizing Javascript with ES5 In this post Get all unique values in a JavaScript array (remove duplicates) one of the answers shows how to get unique items for an object array based on a value of a field (shown below), but it is in ES6 notation and I need help converting it to ES5 (no arrows or elipses).
let objArr = [{
  id: '123'
}, {
  id: '123'
}, {
  id: '456'
}];

objArr = objArr.reduce((acc, cur) => [
  ...acc.filter((obj) => obj.id !== cur.id), cur
], []);

console.log(objArr);

A: i hope this help
var objArr = [{
  id: '123'
}, {
  id: '123'
}, {
  id: '456'
}];

var newObjArr = objArr.reduce(function(previous, current){
    var alredyExists = previous.filter(function(item){
        return item.id === current.id
    }).length > 0
    if(!alredyExists){
        previous.push(current)
    }
    return previous
}, [])

console.log(newObjArr)

A:

let objArr = [{ id: '123' }, { id: '123' }, { id: '456' }]

objArr = objArr.reduce(function (acc, cur) {
    return acc.filter(function (obj) {
        return obj.id !== cur.id
    }).concat([cur])
}, [])

console.log(objArr)

A: You can use reduce method and map function:
let unique = objArr.reduce(function(a, c){
    a[c.id] = a[c.id] || {};
    a[c.id] = c.id;
    return a;
},{})

console.log(Object.values(unique).map(function(s){return {id: s}}))

An example:

let objArr = [{
  id: '123'
}, {
  id: '123'
}, {
  id: '456'
}];

let unique = objArr.reduce(function(a, c){
 a[c.id] = a[c.id] || {};
    a[c.id] = c.id;
 return a;
},{})

console.log(Object.values(unique).map(function(s){return {id: s}}))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Stephen M. Shortell, PhD, MPH, MBA
Co-leader of the Center for Healthcare Organizational and Innovation Research (CHOIR) and the Center for Lean Engagement and Research (CLEAR) Graduate School at the School of Public Health and Haas School of Business University of California-Berkeley
Stephen M. Shortell, Ph.D., M.P.H, MBA is the Blue Cross of California Distinguished Professor of Health Policy and Management Emeritus and Professor of the Graduate School at the School of Public Health and Haas School of Business at University of California-Berkeley where he also co-leads the Center for Healthcare Organizational and Innovation Research (CHOIR) and the Center for Lean Engagement and Research (CLEAR) in healthcare. From 2002 to 2013 he served as Dean of the School of Public Health at Berkeley.
A leading health care scholar, Dr. Shortell and his colleagues have received numerous awards for their research examining the performance of integrated delivery systems; the organizational factors associated with quality and outcomes of care; and the factors associated with the adoption of evidence-based processes for treating patients with chronic illness. He is currently conducting research on patient engagement and the performance of Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) and on Lean applications in healthcare. He is Co-PI on a five year AHRQ funded Center of Excellence award ( with The Dartmouth Institute and the High Value Health Care Collaborative ) to examine the adoption and implementation of innovations to create high performing health systems. He is an elected member of the National Academy of Medicine and a recent recipient of the AHA/HRET TRUST Visionary Leadership Award.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


WASHINGTON (Reuters) - California will become hotter and drier by the end of the century, menacing the valuable wine and dairy industries, even if dramatic steps are taken to curb global warming, researchers said on Monday.
The first study to specifically forecast the impact of global warming on a U.S. state also shows the snowpack melting in the Sierra Nevada mountains, more frequent heat waves hitting Los Angles and disruptions to crop irrigation.
Researchers from the Carnegie Institution's Department of Global Ecology in Stanford, the Union of Concerned Scientists, the National Center for Atmospheric Research and elsewhere ran scenarios through new computer models of global warming.
All predicted California's weather would be hotter and drier, but this would be worse if only weak action is taken to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases contributing to warming the planet.
"We are already in a situation where we have seen some warming and we have seen some impacts," said Carnegie's Christopher Field, who led the study.
"If we stay on higher emissions trajectory, there will be consequences over the coming decades that are truly, truly serious and something I think reasonable people would be doing whatever they could to avoid," he said in a telephone interview.
Writing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Field and colleagues described the impact based on scenarios devised by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
One forecast, the so-called high emissions trajectory, is what Field described as business as usual. "High economic growth, high globalization and a strong emphasis on fossil fuels," he said.
Under the highest-emissions forecast, carbon emissions by the end of the century will be 28 billion tons of carbon per year -- about four times the current rate of 6 billion to 7 billion tons a year. The low-emission scenario forecasts the emissions would stay at the current level.
"By the end of the century under the (best) scenario, heat waves and extreme heat in Los Angeles quadruple in frequency while heat-related mortality increases two to three times; alpine/subalpine forests are reduced by 50 percent to 75 percent and Sierra snowpack is reduced 30 percent to 70 percent," Field and his colleagues wrote.
Under the worst scenario, heat waves in Los Angeles are six to eight times more frequent, with up to seven times as many heat-related deaths as now. The Sierra snowpack falls by 90 percent.
$3.2 billion dollar grape industry would be especially vulnerable.
California, which has taken stronger action than other states to reduce emissions, for example with strict requirements for vehicles, cannot save itself, Field said.
"California has something like 2 percent of the world's total global greenhouse emissions," he noted.
"Even if California were to aggressively adopt emissions controls, global climate wouldn't respond to that directly. But if California is proactive, that could inspire the rest of the U.S. to be proactive, which could inspire the rest of the world, and you would see a domino effect."
The magnitude of future climate change depends substantially on the greenhouse gas emission pathways we choose. Here we explore the implications of the highest and lowest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emissions pathways for climate change and associated impacts in California. Based on climate projections from two state-of-the-art climate models with low and medium sensitivity (Parallel Climate Model and Hadley Centre Climate Model, version 3, respectively), we find that annual temperature increases nearly double from the lower B1 to the higher A1fi emissions scenario before 2100. Three of four simulations also show greater increases in summer temperatures as compared with winter. Extreme heat and the associated impacts on a range of temperature-sensitive sectors are substantially greater under the higher emissions scenario, with some interscenario differences apparent before midcentury.
By the end of the century under the B1 scenario, heatwaves and extreme heat in Los Angeles quadruple in frequency while heat-related mortality increases two to three times; alpine/subalpine forests are reduced by 50-75%; and Sierra snowpack is reduced 30-70%. Under A1fi, heatwaves in Los Angeles are six to eight times more frequent, with heat-related excess mortality increasing five to seven times; alpine/subalpine forests are reduced by 75-90%; and snowpack declines 73-90%, with cascading impacts on runoff and streamflow that, combined with projected modest declines in winter precipitation, could fundamentally disrupt California's water rights system. Although interscenario differences in climate impacts and costs of adaptation emerge mainly in the second half of the century, they are strongly dependent on emissions from preceding decades.
bTo whom correspondence should be addressed.


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First Solar Completes Sale of Japan Project Development Platform to PAG Real Assets
By: First Solar, Inc. via Globe NewsWire
October 05, 2022 at 08:23 AM EDT
TEMPE, Ariz. and TOKYO, Oct. 05, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- First Solar, Inc. (Nasdaq: FSLR) has completed the previously announced sale of a 293-megawatt (MW)DC utility-scale solar project development platform in Japan, to funds managed by PAG Real Assets ("PAG").
As part of the sale, the majority of First Solar project development employees in Japan have joined PAG. PAG is a leading Asia Pacific-focused private investment manager with more than $50 billion in assets under management.
First Solar had also previously announced that it had entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which PAG will acquire from First Solar its solar operations and maintenance (O&M) platform with approximately 665 MWDC under management, in Japan. This transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2022, after obtaining regulatory approvals, the receipt of third-party consents and satisfying other customary closing conditions.
About First Solar, Inc.
First Solar is a leading American solar technology company and global provider of responsibly produced eco-efficient solar modules advancing the fight against climate change. Developed at R&D labs in California and Ohio, the company's advanced thin film photovoltaic (PV) modules represent the next generation of solar technologies, providing a competitive, high-performance, lower-carbon alternative to conventional crystalline silicon PV panels. From raw material sourcing and manufacturing through end-of-life module recycling, First Solar's approach to technology embodies sustainability and a responsibility towards people and the planet. For more information, please visit www.firstsolar.com.
About PAG
PAG is a leading alternative investment firm focused on APAC with three core strategies: Credit & Markets, Private Equity, and Real Assets. Founded in 1997 as Secured Capital Japan, PAG Real Assets has invested $32 billion across more than 7,000 properties across the Asia-Pacific region. PAG manages capital on behalf of nearly 300 institutional fund investors, including some of the most sophisticated global asset allocators. As of 31 December 2021, PAG had 293 investment professionals in 12 key offices globally. PAG has more than $50 billion in assets under management. For more information, please visit www.pag.com.
For First Solar Investors
This press release contains various "forward-looking statements" which are made pursuant to safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning First Solar's entry into definitive agreements to sell an O&M platform of approximately 665MWDC under management, in Japan, which is subject to the closing of the platforms' acquisition. These forward-looking statements are often characterized by the use of words such as "estimate," "expect," "anticipate," "project," "plan," "intend," "seek," "believe," "forecast," "foresee," "likely," "may," "should," "goal," "target," "might," "will," "could," "predict," "continue" and the negative or plural of these words and other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements are only predictions based on First Solar's current expectations and First Solar's projections about future events and therefore speak only as of the date of this release. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. First Solar undertakes no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise. These forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause First Solar's actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, the expected timing and likelihood of completion of the transaction; the timing, receipt and terms and conditions of any third-party consent or governmental approvals required in respect of the transaction referred to herein that could cause the parties to abandon such transaction; the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of the definitive agreements referred to herein; the risk that the parties may not be able to satisfy the conditions to such transaction in a timely manner or at all; and the matters discussed under the captions "Risk Factors" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequently filed Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, as supplemented by our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Reuven Proença
First Solar Media
reuven.proenca@firstsolar.com
Richard Romero
First Solar Investor Relations
investor@firstsolar.com


In Tokyo, protest was staged outside the branch office of Kyushu Electric Power Company in the evening of August 11. Many of the protesters had just returned from Kagoshima.
The Dragon Fund to Abolish Karoshi awarded Youth Union Tokyo and Evil-arbeit Union the 9th NAKAJIMA Tomio Prize in recognition of the two unions' efforts to improve working conditions for young people. The fund that commemorates a worker at a restaurant chain who died a death from overwork (Karoshi) in August 2004, has supported efforts toward the eradication of such deaths since its establishment in 2006 and awards the prize named after the worker each year to organizations and individuals that have made significant contributions to this end.


text:
Q: Selecting the first img from div I have the following html.

   sth

I want to change the class of image (remove foo, add bar) when user clicks on the link. However, I cannot write down the right selector for jquery.
I am also not sure if I really need to pass the this to the function.
function changeImage(link, param1, param2) {

    //Following line does not work
    $(link).parent('div img').removeClass("foo").addClass("bar");

}

A: You also don't need to pass -this- into your onclick, we're not even effecting it in the function, and we can grab it regardless.
function changeImage(link, param1, param2) {

    //Following line does not work
    //$(link).parent('div img').removeClass("foo").addClass("bar");

    $(this).closest('div').find('img').removeClass('foo').addClass('bar');
    return false; // stops the  link from doing anything else
}

On a side note: Try to never use any onclick/onmouseover/etc events on any DOM elements, each one individually creates a script block within legacy browsers (IE), and with hundreds/thousands of elements on  a page, it can deteriorate performance.
Use .click(), .on(), whatever version of jQuery you supports version instead.

A: you  can do it like this
$(link).parent('div img:first').removeClass("foo").addClass("bar");

A: Assuming your markup will remain as you have shown in your question:
$(link).prev().removeClass("foo").addClass("bar");

The .prev() method will select the immediately preceding sibling, which in your case is the img element.

A: Try this code:
   function changeImage(link, param1, param2) {
        $(this).closest('div').find('img:first').removeClass('foo').addClass('bar');
        return false;
    }

A: $(link).prev('img').removeClass("foo").addClass("bar");

OR
$(link).siblings('img').removeClass("foo").addClass("bar");

A: You can try this
JS CODE
function changeImage(link, param1, param2) {
    $(link).siblings().removeClass('foo').addClass('bar');
}


text:
Who wins when reporters cut and paste press releases?
Gil Rudawsky | July 18, 2012
Home > Blog > In the News > Who wins when reporters cut and paste press releases?
Journalists and PR pros are closely watching the ongoing dispute between Steve Penn and his ex-employer, the Kansas City Star, regarding a controversy over press releases.
The Kansas City Star claims Penn, a former columnist at the paper, plagiarized by using material from press releases in his columns without attribution. He countersued last week saying that it's commonplace in newsrooms to cut and paste from press releases.
It's not plagiarism, because the writers of press releases give up ownership of the information when they send it to a newsroom, according to Penn's suit. The suit adds that it's a regular practice for reporters to crib from press releases.
The situation raises interesting issues. Having been on both sides of this argument—in the newsroom and in the PR world—I can tell you that reporters regularly cut and paste information from press releases. And that's exactly what PR practitioners hope they will do.
Is it a good practice on the part of reporters? No, but it certainly does help, particularly as newsroom staffs continue to dwindle.
The issue has caused quite a stir in journalism circles. The dozens of comments on a story about the case posted by journalism think-tank Poynter.org ran the gamut:
• Press releases are written to be "plagiarized." In fact, that's the PR home run. A story appears just as you wrote it.
• Press releases are useful but must be treated with the same skepticism as any other piece of information: their sources identified, their assertions accepted only provisionally until checked for accuracy by other means.
• It's as simple now as it was back in school: If you didn't write it, don't put your name on it as though you did.
• It's lazy and dishonest, but not plagiarism.
• If journalists don't write their own stuff or even fact-check the materials they're given, what exactly are they being paid for?
The standard in newsrooms is that before a reporter uses a press release in a story, it must be checked out and information must be rewritten. There are a couple of reasons why this should be done.
Reporters must be sure the information in the release is true and accurate. It's too easy to get duped by a fake release, and information may not always be right.
The rewriting rule has to do with different audiences. A news report is written more conversationally, and press releases can be overwritten by multiple authors, including the legal team. Plus, whether it's plagiarism or not, a reporter worth his or her salt would never use someone else's wording.
But that standard is hard to follow, particularly on deadline. If there's a quote in a press release relating to a news story a reporter is covering, it's just too easy to cut it and paste it right in the story.
It happens all the time, and that's exactly what the PR world wants when they send a press release. We want it to be printed just as we wrote it. Do we expect that to happen? No, but it's nice when it does.
Depending on which side you are on, fortunately, or unfortunately, it's becoming more frequent.
(This post also appears on Ragan's PR Daily.)


Thanks to the few who responded on my last post. I appreciated it all very much.
Things have gotten a little better since my meltdown. Brandon has been awesome about this and has been helping me brainstorm ways in which I can still write, still pursue my dreams, even while being a 24/7 stay at home mama.
Bran was sweet enough to buy me a laptop - we ordered it today, will come in the mail on Tuesday. I am THRILLED about this, not just because I've wanted my own laptop for awhile now, but so that I don't have to sit at our desktop with my back to Mila while I try to write. Now I can cart my laptop with me everywhere I go to write - whether that be at a coffee shop, to a park, or more likely - right on my sofa, sitting with my kids. I'm SO excited that I can have an easy way to write more readily available to me. Brandon has a laptop, and we have iPads and a desktop, but I don't have my own laptop, and now that I do, I know it will make things more simple. He also said that any time he is at home and not working, if I want some alone time to write, he'll scoop the kids up, no question, and get them out of my hair.
So, I'm ready to buckle down and really start getting out all the ideas for my book that are jangling around in my brain. I'm excited to share with you guys, too, as I move forward.
Also - another tidbit of exciting news - we are getting our grass SOON! We are putting sod down in our front yard, and hydro-seeding the backyard, but within a month or so it should all be in, and I am so so so SO happy, mostly because it will take a lot of stress off of Brandon and I. Not to mention that the idea of my kids running around outside in grass, rather than in dust and tracking it into my house and all over my floors makes me positively SWOON. :0 So, see? Things are already looking up.
I love hearing your updates!
I have the same problem - a 2 year old who does not like my attention not on him (not sure how he's going to cope when his baby brother or sister arrives in a couple of weeks...). I would love to keep reading if that's OK though?
I'm glad things are looking up. What a great husband you have. Good luck with your writing I hope you can make some progress with your book.
I really enjoy your writing although I don't comment that often (I have a 9 week old puppy that demands my attention : - ). You do inspire me and I absolutely love your sense of humor! I can't wait to hear more about your writing project and am glad you feel like you will be able to pursue it.
I love Mila's yellow dress! It is so cute and she rocks it! Good luck with your book. I will be sending good thoughts your way!
Hey Brie, I love reading your blog and am super looking forward to reading more of your writing which I know will be totally awesome!
I can totally relate to your previous post....I admit I am a major meltdown queen lately and grouchy and irritable, blah blah. I think it's just a natural thing to feel sometimes as a mom. It is super overwhelming and I was just thinking when my sister was here for a short visit (who has only one munchkin) how gloriously easy it would be with only one! Not that I'd ever change things but moms certainly need mom time too.
I absolutely still read -- and am still inspired by your dedication to everything. My husband and I are planning to try for a little one of our own a couple of years, and I love the way you juggle being both a mum and an individual (even if you don't always feel wonderful about that fix, as in the last couple of entries). Also, your recovery is amazing!
Its Dars! I read your blog! I never comment because, well I guess I never have so I feel all weirdsies putting my 2cents in. But I love reading and keeping up!
Hi Brie, I read your blog but have only commented a few times, I just had my third little one a year ago (a girl to finally put in cute little dresses, so much fun!). Life with three (6 yr old, 3 yr old, and 1 yr old) is an adventure, especially with three "high spirited" kids. I am working to stay in recovery from bulimia and doing pretty well. (partly because Im to busy with three little ones to engage in bad behaviors!) and especially since having a little girl, I do not want to pass negative self image issues or behaviors onto her. The cycle stops here. We chose to homeschool our kindergartner last year, which went wonderfully, but kept me busier than ever. I enjoy seeing your updates, and am curious about your book in the works. I can only imagine if it is anything like your blog it will be witty, honest, and engaging. Looking forward to it!
What Jenn said! I find much inspiration and humor through your writing, and I would love to continue reading!
Hi Brie! I have been reading your blog since I was ... 16 I think? I'm 20 now and I still check every day for new posts. I'm hooked! I don't always comment, mostly because sure how you would feel about someone you don't know commenting on your blog. But I suppose that's kind of what a blog is for, right? So maybe I will start commenting more. Mila looks SO CUTE in that little yellow dress by the way. Holy moly you have adorable kids.
hey girl - I can't offer a lot of insight into the whole "being a mom takes up all my time and I need to go beyond that" issue, since obviously there are no kiddos in my house... but I can say that your ideas with Brandon seem good, and having your own laptop is so liberating!
We, too, are a technology-aholic household, with a desktop, 2 laptops, kindle fire, and 2 smart phones.... but somehow, having my own laptop is the best, because like you said - you can tote it anywhere and it so easily accessible.
I'm so happy to hear that you found solutions to write more! I can't wait to know more about your book!
Dreams are so important. They are as necessary as breathing. I'm glad you've got the laptop!
I read! Don't leave me hangin! Love you!
You do know me, but I'm lame about commenting. But I DO read. Every entry. Promise.
I'm sorry I don't respond more often - but I definitely do read every single entry, and I would be really sad if I were to be excluded! Your openness on your blog helps me be more honest with my own feelings.
I am thrilled that you are choosing to write again. Can't wait for more!
Life was hectic for a bit, so my keeping up with the blog dwindled. BUT I'm back and love reading your often very witty and insightful posts!!


A husband and wife are critically injured in a car crash unconscious and suffers from epileptic fits. she has a punctured lung and is left with a blood clot. See how the force of impact damages the delicate internal structures of their bodies and how doctors work to repair their injuries.
free download Discovery Channel - Body Story - Crash (2009) DVDRip XviD-DMZ.Discovery Channel - Body Story - Crash (2009) DVDRip XviD-DMZ full from nitroflare rapidgator uploaded turbobit extabit ryushare openload littlebyte zippyshare.


text:
Essex Police
Woman raped on Basildon housing estate
The woman is in her 20s
Updated 09:23, 7 OCT 2018
Traffic is at a standstill on the A13
A young woman has been raped in an alleyway in a Basildon housing estate.
Police are investigating after the woman, in her 20s, reported being attacked by a man in the alley between Elizabeth Way and Ward Close, in the Somercotes Estate in Laindon.
The incident took place between 9.30 and 10.30pm on Friday night (October 5), and witnesses nearby reported seeing a large number of police vehicles and a cordon across the alleyway.
Lidl parking crack-down: This is how you can avoid £90 penalty charge
A spokesman for Essex Police said: "We are investigating after a woman reported being raped in Basildon.
"The victim, who is in her 20s, was attacked by a man in an alley between Elizabeth Way and Ward Close at some point between 9.30pm and 10.30pm on Friday, October 5.
Join the Basildon Facebook group for news local to you
If you live or work in Basildon, you can keep on top of all the news from the area in this Facebook group.
Engage with fellow members, chat directly to us about which news stories you want more of and stay up to date with the latest.
From crime to local planning stories, we have it covered.
To join, click here.
"She is being supported by specialist officers."
Anyone with information should contact Essex Police on 101, quoting crime reference number 42/144714/18.


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Swimline rose float and beer mug are in the shape of many an adults' favorite beverages. these floats are in the shape of both a rose bottle and a beer mug. the rose float and beer mug are the perfect summer floats.


text:
Fernando de Escondrillas y López de Alburquerque (Madrid, 1887-1937) fue un arquitecto español. Nacido en la capital de España, por su línea familiar perteneció a la Asociación de Artistas Vascos.

En 1918 diseñó la reforma del Palacio Larrinaga de Zaragoza, obra del arquitecto zaragozano Félix Navarro. Escondrillas realzó las cuatro torres y sustituyó por un gran cimborrio en forma de prisma octogonal la cúpula central para iluminación del patio. Decoró además torres y cimborrio con azulejos de estilo renacentista, que dieron carácter al espléndido edificio.("Restauración del Palacio Larrinaga". Autores: Pemán y Franco. Zaragoza, 1997).

Diseñó varias colonias acogidas a la Ley de Casas Baratas, a comienzos del siglo  en Madrid, como la Pico del Pañuelo" (1927), la Colonia del Retiro "La Regalada" (1925-1932); y la "Primo de Rivera" y el "Jardín Municipal" en Chamartín.

También firmó los proyectos de dos edificios de la Gran Vía de Madrid, el situado en el número 64 y el "Vitalicio", construido en 1930 y que da a la plaza de España.

En Sevilla proyectó, en el marco de la Exposición Iberoamericana de 1929, la barriada de los «Hoteles del Guadalquivir», conocido actualmente como Heliópolis (Sevilla).

Referencias

Arquitectos de España del siglo XX
Arquitectos de Madrid

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
home act of terrorism memoirs Hostages N. Suhareva and O. Ignatovskaya tell about the events
Booker, Sandy Alan
Sasha Letyago's memorials
The official list of the lost hostages
Chronology of events of hostage taking in Moscow, October 23–26, 2002
Two gases were used
Hostages N. Suhareva and O. Ignatovskaya tell about the events
Written by Светлана Самоделова
By Svetlana Samodelova
In Moskovsky Komsomolets (Moscow Young Communist)
The Rebirth of 'Nord-Ost'
These days, while carrying a baby under her heart, Chelyabinsk resident Natalya Suhareva can hardly believe that she was not afraid in that booby-trapped auditorium. In mid-October last year she had traveled to an exhibition of footwear in the capital city. After finishing all the necessary documents to buy supplies for her own firm, which produced shoes, before leaving town Natalya and her colleagues went to the musical 'Nord-Ost'.
«We ordered tickets for the show in advance, back in Chelyabinsk,» recounts 30-year-old Natasha. «By a twist of fate, they turned out to be for October 23rd.
When the terrorists announced from the stage that we were hostages, I took this seriously. When the Chechens started freeing the Moslems, foreigners and children, Lyudmila Tovmasyan, from my hometown, asked if the pregnant women could leave, but the nearest gunman yelled that they were going to kill the pregnant women first. Even after this I did not panic. I simply tried to remain unnoticed.»
Natalya and her colleagues were sitting in the balcony, and their guards were replaced. Lyudmila Tovmasyan asked each of them if they would release her pregnant friend. The terrorists all told her to wait.
«Late at night, I started to take steps towards my freedom,» Natalya shares with us. «After one of my trips to the toilet, which was in the hallway, I seated myself in the farthest seat in the row. Here, when they started shooting down in the main section, the bullets whistled right over my head and hit the wall only about a meter from me. I knew that I had to protect my baby's life, so in front of the guards I slid out of my chair and whispered that I didn't feel well, that it seemed I was giving birth. The most senior of the Chechens came up to me and asked what month I was in. My baby wasn't due for another month and a half, but I said '9 months'. Then he quietly told me to gather all my things and go slowly down to the first floor, and to tell my people that they wanted troops taken out of Chechnya is seven days. He called after me and repeated not to hurry, but to go very slowly. I started down the stairs, and the flights were all glass and I saw that there were snipers all around. Of course I didn't go get my coat in wardrobe, but went straight out onto the porch. It was deathly quiet. And here, right over my head a clear voice said: 'Hands behind your head, turn right, and run!' I looked around, but there was nobody there. I got confused and I'm standing there as if rooted to the ground. Then that same voice said a little softer: 'Put your arms down, dear, and come on, come on, go to the right'. I approached the barricade and suddenly I was grabbed by several sets of arms, and taken to the headquarters and questioned. The doctors from the ambulance service wanted to take me to the hospital, but I wouldn't have it, I said: 'I need to go to the hotel and call my husband.' I had managed to call him from the captured theater hall by cell phone, and my husband knew I was at Dubrovka. They brought me to the Izmailov hospital complex. I called my loved ones, and then afterwards they gave me a shot from which I slept for three days. But you know, my baby the whole time was 'kicking' in my belly. He didn't calm down until I was back in my hometown of Chelyabinsk.»
Natalya's child was supposed to be born on December 5th, but on November 28th she had complications and started hemorrhaging. The former hostage was given an emergency caesarian section. The Chelyabinsk doctors, who had followed the events taking place at Dubrovka, were especially attentive to this 'northeastern' delivery. A strong, healthy boy weighing 3 kilos, 950 grams (8 lbs, 11 oz — ed.) came into this world, and they named him Sasha, for his father.
Now Natalya and her husband Alexander are very proud of their boy. 'Sanka' is growing into a calm, even-tempered, and very sociably little person. At 9 months he confidently took his first steps and began to clearly say 'mama', 'baba', and 'lyalya'. «He's a real man!» Alexander delights in his son.
When the boy was only a month old, Natalya went back to work. «I'm a private entrepreneur,» says the young mother. «There's nobody to replace me.» Every three hours she went home to breastfeed her little son. Now Sashka eat a lot on his own, but he still loves mama's milk most of all. At a year and seven months they are getting ready to take Sanka to kindergarten. The little chap is already growing painfully independent.
«He's my guardian angel,» says Natalya, looking at her son. «After all, it was because of my pregnancy that the terrorists released me from the auditorium on the very first night.»
Eleven months after the tragic events at Dubrovka Natalya once again had to travel to Moscow. «For the two days I was in the capital, in spite of the peaceful situation, this feeling of fear never left me.»
But Lyudmila Tovmasyan, who so persistently asked the terrorists to let her pregnant friend go, never awoke from the choking. She returned to her native Chelyabinsk in a tin coffin.
Twenty-three year-old Oksana Ignatovskaya, more than 8 months pregnant, spent over a day in 'northeastern' captivity.
She left the theatrical center on Dubrovka on October 24th, at 1 in the morning. Her husband Nikolai and the other hostages remained in the auditorium. «When they released me, they asked me to say that there was no genocide going on in the hall,» Oksana recalls. «Later they opened the door for me, and I left, going down to the first floor. They told me through a microphone to go out outside. There was no one in the foyer — no gunmen, and no police.»
Later, already at home, Oksana's first call was to the television station, to make a statement on the air. She described the situation in the captured auditorium, and told her husband that she loved him and that she and their future child needed him very much.
The Ignatovskys ended up at 'Nord-Ost' on October 23rd completely by accident. «We had tickets for the 19th, but my husband had to go the University of the Friendship of the People on that day,» recalls Oksana. «He was studying magistrates, so we changed the tickets to the 23rd.»
Oksana watched the assault on the theatrical complex on television, looking closely at all who were led out from the building. She managed to find out that Nikolai was in serious condition at the Sklifosovsky Institute, but on the night of October 27–28 she herself was taken to the obstetrics department of the Bauman 29th Municipal Hospital.
That morning, though three weeks premature, Oksana Ignatovskaya successfully gave birth to a healthy daughter. The baby weighed 2 kilos, 990 g (6 lbs, 9 oz — ed.)
Nikolai at this time was in intensive care and had no idea that he was a father. The couple knew that they were going to have a daughter, but they had a hard time deciding on a name. Both liked the names Vika and Darya. In the end they decided that Dasha sounded better.
Oksana heard her husband's voice by cell phone two days later, on October 30th. Nikolai had been transferred by then to the detoxification department. When his wife and Dasha were discharged, Nikolai talked the doctors into letting him out as well. He went straight from his hospital ward to the maternity hospital, unshaven and in a stranger's raincoat. After being at home for a week, Nikolai had to return to the hospital. Three months later he again needed treatment. These were the long echoes of the 'Nord-Ost' tragedy.
The Ignatovskys do not like to remember those terrible days in October. They demanded no compensation from anyone for psychological damages or physical losses. «Why, the main thing is that Nikolai is alive and healthy and here with us,» says Oksana, pressing her daughter to her bosom.
Dasha will soon be one year old. The baby's first birthday will be celebrated in family surroundings. Everything is now fine with the Ignatovskys: papa is working; mama is studying at the Second Medical Institute, while daughter is growing into a bright and happy little person. But the word 'Nord-Ost' has become for them, and remains, a symbol of misfortune.


text:
Piparpati pacharauta
Piparpati Pachrauta is a town and Municipality in Bara District in the Narayani Zone of south-eastern Nepal and of Province 2 . At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 5,033. Farming is the main occupation of the people of here. Some of the people are also involved in service and home trade. It is bordered by Jamuni river which separates the village from bihar of India in the south. It has hot climate with average rainfall of 2 cm. People spend very simple livelihood .It has good progress in the development.

Piparpati Pachrauta is a village (ward) belongs to Pachrauta Municipality in Bara District of Narayani Zone of Province 2. In south there is Border of India with East Champaran of Bihar State while in North Bishunpur (Ward No. 6) of same Pachrauta Municipality and in east Bairiya with some Border of India with East Champaran of Bihar State while in West Beldari Inarwa (Ward No. 5) of same Pachrauta Municipality. Piparpati Pachrauta is good enough in access of natural resources that includes diverse flora, fauna, fresh water river, community forests, community garden and plain fertile for agriculture. Also, a great access of manmade resources like dam (nahar) water supply for irrigation and almost 24 hrs X 7 days electricity in all over the agricultural lands for irrigation of these land.

Education

The overall literacy rate (for population age 5 years and above) increased from 60.5% in 2005 to 90.9% in 2017. The male literacy rate was 98.1% compared to the female literacy rate of 75.3%. There is one Government School near market, where studying up to Bachelor degree in Education (B.Ed), and Intermediate in Education (I.Ed) and also very soon there will be start Science and Mathematics.

There is one Government School (Shree Nepal Rastiya Secondary School Piparpati) near Piparpati market, where studying up to Bachelor degree in Education (B.Ed), and Intermediate in Education (I.Ed) and also very soon there will be start Science and Mathematics. From last 4 (Four) Years, 2016 in this also a Technical Education class is in the process. This Technical Education class Verify and monitored by CTEVT Nepal. The course start form class 9th to 12th (Full 4 year Computer Engineering Course).

Government (Local Government)
Ward No. 1

Municipality: - Pachrauta

Mayor: - Jalandhar Singh Jaiswal

Deputy Mayor: - Nasima Khatun

Ward Office: - Piparpati Pachrauta

Includes VDC:- Piparpati Pachrauta (Ward 1 - 9)

Total Area: - 3.43 (Square K.M.)

Total Population: - 5033 (2011)

Ward Contact Person Name, Post, and Contact

References

External links
UN map of the municipalities of Bara District

Piparpati_Pachrauta


text:
Good news – Progress 8 will control Ofsted
Progress 8 (P8) figures for almost all the state secondary schools in England were published for the first time by the DfE on 19th January – https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/. Each school is now judged by the value it has added in 5 years to the expected attainment of its Year 7 students entering in 2011 – a plus figure shows the value the school has added, a minus figure shows the reverse. P8 is now the headline figure for schools' success and everyone can see how well each school has done compared with the other schools in its local authority area and other members of its academy chain.
The DfE has confirmed that decisions on inspections will now be taken in the light of P8. Schools with +1.0 won't have a routine inspection in the calendar year following publication of P8 (an inspection could still be triggered by unusual concerns like a complaint, safeguarding or radicalisation). Schools with -0.5 or below are likely to be inspected; and schools with -0.25 or below with other factors for 3 consecutive years will be regarded as 'coasting' and liable to intervention – see DfE Progress 8 and Attainment 8, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/progress-8-school-performance-measure pages 8/9.
A less noticed result of P8 is that it will now control Ofsted's judgements.
Progress 8 is reported in 5 categories:
Well above average +0.50 and above About 5% of schools
Above average +0.49 to +0.20 approx[1] About 25% of schools
Average +0.20 approx to -0.20 approx About 40% of schools
Below average -0.20 approx to -0.50 About 20% of schools
Well below average -0.51 and below About 10% of schools
A school with Above average P8 can hardly now be judged as Requiring Improvement (except for unusual reasons like safeguarding or radicalisation). And a school with a Below average P8 can hardly be judged as Good, let alone Outstanding. Objective evidence of value added by the school's work over 5 years must necessarily take precedence over the judgements typically of 5 inspectors carried out over 2 days.
The consequences can be striking. For example, a Let's Think in English.school in a northern city assessed as Requiring improvement and attaining Above average P8 (+.0.33, the equal 6th highest of the city's 32 schools for which P8 is available) cannot now reasonably be judged as less than Good. And a school assessed as Good in January 2016 attaining Below average P8 (-0.29, the lowest of the 14 non-special schools in its London borough for which P8 is available) can no longer be regarded as Good.
Ofsted inspectors are required to take statistical information about the school into account (School Inspection Handbook, paragraph 29). It is therefore very hard to see how, apart from unusual factors such as safeguarding or radicalisation, inspectors can now judge schools with Well above average P8 as other than Outstanding, schools with Above average P8 as other than Good or better and schools with negative P8 as other than Requiring improvement or, particularly if they have Well below average P8, as other than Inadequate.
It is clear that Ofsted's internal quality control will scrutinise discrepancies between inspectors' judgements and Progress 8 to avoid the risk of a judicial review which Ofsted would lose.
This control of Ofsted through Progress 8 will have five benefits for teachers.
It will remove the uncertainty of Ofsted inspections and therefore their 'threat' element which contributes to teachers' stress. Knowing that Ofsted can't reasonably come up with a judgement different from what's shown by Progress 8 will make inspections little more than routine. As parents and local communities come to understand what P8 means, as they soon will, and as P8 scores are updated annually as Ofsted judgements can't be, P8 rather than Ofsted will become the yardstick of the school's reputation.
Ofsted inspections will become rarer and may soon be limited to schools with Well below average or unchanging negative P8 scores and schools with significant drops in P8. This may well be intended. Ofsted inspections are expensive and reducing their number will make significant savings.
These changes will gradually stop SLTs using Ofsted to frighten their staff and making unreasonable demands on them. The Ofsted School Inspection Handbook, paragraph 28, contains a remarkable list of 19 things that Ofsted does not require from schools ("does not" is in bold each time). They include such things as Ofsted requiring lesson plans, evidence of previous planning and assessments, and data recorded in a particular format or frequency. The Handbook calls these "myths" and they clearly have been included because SLTs still use them to pressure their staff to work in particular ways – https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/school-inspection-handbook-from-september-2015
Moving to P8 should put an end to this, also to schools buying advice from former Ofsted inspectors and spending time and resources on mock inspections.
Moving to Progress 8 will also put an end to the unfairness where Ofsted judges schools in middle-class areas as Outstanding much more often than schools in more deprived areas. The Education Policy Institute has found that secondary schools with up to 5 per cent of pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM) are over three times as likely to be rated 'outstanding' as schools with at least 23 per cent FSM. Secondary schools with the most FSM pupils are much more likely to be rated 'inadequate' than those with the fewest.
The least deprived schools are also most likely to improve their Ofsted judgement and least likely to be down-graded. Secondary schools with the fewest pupils with low prior attainment are almost six times as likely to be rated 'outstanding' as schools with the most low prior attainers. At the other end of the scale, schools with the most low prior attainers are much more likely to be rated 'inadequate' than those with the fewest low prior attainers – https://epi.org.uk/report/school-inspection-in-england/
This shows Ofsted inspectors' bias towards schools in middle-class areas and the replacement of such judgements with a more objective system is long overdue.
A move to Progress 8 as schools' headline figure for accountability should in due course allow Ofsted to resume HM Inspectors' original role of advising on good practice. At present Ofsted inspectors are forbidden to give advice on improving teaching and learning. The School Inspection Handbook, paragraph 28, begins:
Inspectors must not advocate a particular method of planning, teaching or assessment. It is up to schools themselves to determine their practices and for leadership teams to justify these on their own merits.
This shows Ofsted's continuing lack of confidence in the professional judgement of its inspectors, probably for good reason in that most of its inspectors developed their experience under the now discredited National Strategies. But it causes the bizarre situation in which inspectors judge lessons but cannot advise on how to improve them. It means Ofsted can't recommend to schools the excellent advice in its own publications such as Moving English forward – https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/181204/110118.pdf It is a strange situation when the Government body charged with raising standards in schools is not allowed to advise schools how to do this. Perhaps the new Chief Inspector will recognise the opportunity given by Progress 8 to rectify this.
[1] Approx indicates a narrow range of scores where schools can be categorised as Above average or Average (or Average / Below average) depending on the confidence interval of the school's score. This is a statistical calculation explained at Progress 8 and Attainment 8, pages 21/22 and Annex D.
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text:
Crystal River Meats parent co. files chapter 11
by Megan Tackett
JBC Agricultural Management LLC, which runs Crystal River Meats — Colorado's largest producer of grass-fed beef and lamb — just filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
It's not a simple case, Tai Jacober, the CEO of both companies, said.
"We'll make a plan for reorganization, then our intention is to pay all our creditors in full — we're not trying to get out of anything," he said. As for consumers, it will feel like business as usual, he added.
The entire reason for the bankruptcy claim goes back to a bad business deal in January of last year with Southern Cross Ranches in Windsor and Ranch Management LLC. JBC agreed to purchase 3,100 calves from the Windsor ranch; however, when the Jacobers arrived to close the deal, they reportedly found that the calves weren't what was promised.
"We had contracted for cattle that had to be third-party certified from the Global Animal Partnership and American Grassfed Association," Jacober said. "They had not achieved that by the time they were supposed to deliver." Additionally, he found the cattle in overpopulated feedlots, feeding on corn, he said.
JBC backed out of the deal. "They decided to sue us because the market had fallen," Jacober said. Beef prices have declined 11 percent between October 2016 and February 2018. For its part, JBC countersued for $7.5 million. "That's the damages that it caused us by not having those cattle and contracts that we had to back out of," he said.
The dispute was headed for trial in July, but was then delayed until February of this year. "Basically, I ran out of money to pay an attorney," Jacober said.
Without an attorney, Jacober couldn't respond to the plaintiffs' motion for a summary judgment, he said. Thus, a Weld County judge awarded Southern Cross Ranchers $2.1m and Ranch Management LLC $428,175. Jacober declared bankruptcy to protect his companies against those judgments, for which the plaintiffs were seeking garnishments.
"Once they have a judgment, they can try to collect assets," Jacober said. "Once you file a Chapter 11, they can't do that."
JBC has also filed with the Colorado Court of Appeals to formally dispute the summary judgment. Jacober estimated that process will take at least eight months and said his new attorney was confident that the judgment will be reversed. "At least it will be decided by a jury and a fair process" if that happens, he said. Even if the judgment is upheld, JBC has no intention of closing its businesses, he added.
"Crystal River Meats [is] trying to do the right thing," Jacober said. "[It's] fighting a kind of corrupt cattle industry and we're paying the cost of trying to make it right."
Southern Cross Ranches could not be immediately reached for comment.


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Princesses and Pixie Dust: Food Friday: A Smorgasbord of Snacks!
Hey there, princes and princesses! I hope your week has been filled to the brim with all kinds of magic and adventure! I just wanted to let you guys know (and apologize in advance) that the next few weeks may be a teeny bit slower for posting! As I'm sure you're quite sick of hearing, I started my sophomore year at university this past week, and I'm still getting back into the swing of things. Thanks for understanding, and we now return to our regularly scheduled pixie-dusting!
The term itself is an umbrella, beneath which goodies of every variety gather in a spread of scrumptiousness. Cupcakes, cookies, and everything in between are present and accounted for- whether you're craving a massive cinnamon roll at Gaston's (R.I.P. old Main Street Bakery) or an impossibly adorable candy apple, you won't be disappointed at a Disney park!
If I had my way, I would forgo meals entirely and fill my belly entirely from the bevy of snack carts and counters at Walt Disney World (goodness knows most of them are big enough to stand in for a meal!). With such variety, the task of picking only a handful of these tantalizing treats can be understandably daunting. That's why I'm here to count down my top 5 most favorite (WDW) Disney snacks of all time (... too much?)!
# 5: Ice Cream. All the kinds.
... didn't stand a chance!
Alright, I know what you guys are thinking: "Becca, wouldn't this be one of the "all the kinds" you just mentioned?" In any other case, yes. However, this is not any old cookie sandwich. This cookie sandwich starts with two soft, gooey chocolate chip cookies (each of which, I might add, is roughly the size of my nineteen-year-old hand). Then, a cast member will lop on healthy dose of that cold, creamy good stuff (typically vanilla) and actual magic happens. The ice cream melts ever-so-slightly into the warm cookies and creates an amazing, melty bite with the perfect balance of textures.
A word of caution: the precise thing that makes this cookie great (see aforementioned melty deliciousness) brings the potential for a little bit of a mess. I suggest coming into it with a game plan (and a few napkins)!
I will keep using this picture until someone tells me to stop.
I somehow have no photos of my favorite snack... but this is where you can get it!
Was there really any doubt about this one? I love Dole Whip. I dream about Dole Whip. Dole Whip dominates entire conversations in my day-to-day life.
The legendary pineapple soft-serve hardly needs an introduction; it's the perfect complement to a sunny day in the Magic Kingdom, and it's hard to beat a stroll through Adventureland with a Dole Whip in hand. Bright and refreshing, it's like a smile in a cup, and a trip to Disney just isn't complete without one.
Did your favorite snack make the list? I had such a hard time picking only five!
I really enjoyed your comment underneath the schoolbread picture, so I'm going to be the one telling you to STOP using it. :-p Just kidding- it's a lovely picture and I get hungry just looking at it!
That cookie sandwich looks divine and brought back memories from when I'd visit Ben and Jerry's on my work breaks this summer and get a Cookie Cookie Sundae.... those things are so big that I couldn't even finish them! But so delicious too... AH. Your blog makes me hungry Becca!


Our pure linen Table Runners from the Tesoro Collection are the perfect accessory to dress up your dining table. Add a candle stand or a floral arrangement to highlight the beauty of this elegant runner. The neutral color palettes in this style ensure unlimited designing and matching possibilities.


"Company" means ARTsolar (Pty) Ltd.
All Goods sold by the Company are sold subject to the Company's standard terms and conditions (as detailed below) which form part of the Client's contract with the Company. Terms and conditions on the Client's order form or other similar document shall not be binding on the Company.
The prices, quantities and delivery time stated in any quotation are not binding on the Company. They are commercial estimates only which the Company will make reasonable efforts to achieve.
5.1 Orders will be deemed to have been placed when an email confirmation has been received from a responsible executive of the client company.
5.2 For email invitations, online fulfilment projects and direct marketing files (as provided by Prime Prospects) it is a requirement of the Company, that the email piece, online form or mail piece shall be approved by the company before an order can be confirmed and any data despatched.
The Company will use its best endeavours to supply the services or materials within the quoted time (normally within a maximum of seven days from order or otherwise as agreed) but time will not be of the essence within the contract.
The Client acknowledges that the rights to the Goods are owned by the Company and that the Goods are protected by South African copyright laws, international treaty provisions and all other applicable national laws.
The risk of loss or damage to the Goods shall pass to the Client upon delivery of the Goods, except where covered by the Company's warranty.
Payments are made available via our payment gateway partners, specifically PayGate and PayFast, or via EFT. Due to a recent rise in fraudulent behaviour, all payments need to clear all security checks before your order is released for delivery or collection.
Refunds are dealt with on a case by case basis. All products must be returned in their original packaging. Delivery charges can unfortunately not be refunded.
Kindly contact our sales team via email at [email protected] or via telephone on +27 31 100 1019 should you wish to request a refund.
Should the Client wish to cancel a confirmed order, they need to inform the Company via email at [email protected] as stock is reserved for any confirmed orders.
Delivery is quoted on by request from the Client and any delivery charges are included in the final invoice due to the Client. Deliveries are usually dispatched within 2 to 5 working days of your order being placed or as otherwise indicated on the product page or during checkout. No goods will be dispatched for delivery over weekends, on public holidays or during our annual closure period.
All written notices to be served on or given to the Client shall be sent or delivered to the client's principle place of business and shall be treated as having been given upon receipt.
Unless otherwise agreed in writing by the Company, the Client (and their clients) shall be entitled to use the services and materials provided as follows: .
16.1 All files of Consumer and Business data records are for single use and for use within a period of not more than 6 months from date of delivery.
16.2 Files of Samples of Consumer or Businesses data records are provided solely for the purpose of conducting market research to be carried out in conformity with the recognised ESOMAR/MRS Code of Conduct of the market research industry. The Client shall not otherwise be entitled to store, or to pass on (whether to his/her client or other person) or make any other use of these services and materials.
16.3 The Client shall bear responsibility for ensuring that all usage of information contained within any service as provided by the Company is in accordance with, and does not contravene, any Data Protection or other laws, regulations or other trade customs and practices. The Company bears no liability for any omissions or faults in these respects.
Both parties shall maintain strict confidence and shall not disclose to any third party any information or material relating to the other or the other's business which comes into that party's possession and shall not use such information and material without written permission by the other party. This provision shall not, however, apply to information or material which is, or becomes, public knowledge by means other than by breach by a party to this clause.
The Company provides a limited warranty on all goods sold which is available on request and is also presented on confirmation of any order.
20.1 The Company shall not be liable for any claim arising out of the performance, non-performance, delay in delivery of or defect in the Goods nor for any special, indirect, economic or consequential loss or damage howsoever arising or howsoever caused (including loss of profit or loss of revenue) whether from negligence or otherwise in connection with the supply, functioning or use of the Goods which does not fall under the Company's limited warranty.
20.2 Nothing herein shall limit either party's liability for death or personal injury arising from the proven negligence by itself or its employees or agents.
20.3 The Client shall fully indemnify the Company against any liability to third parties arising out of the Client's use of the Goods.
The Company will not be liable to the Client for any loss or damage suffered by the Client as a direct result of the Company, its sub-contractors or the list-owner from whom the sample or other service or material is derived being unable to perform the Contract in the way agreed by reason of cause beyond its control including Act of God, accident, war, riot, lockout, strike, flood, fire, power failure, breakdown of plant or machinery, delay in transit, postal delay, or any other unexpected or exceptional cause or circumstance.
These Terms of Trading shall be subject to and construed in accordance with the laws of South Africa and the parties hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the South African courts.


A rugged series of submersible cast iron pumps with a non-clog, semi-open impellers and solids handling capability to 3/4".
Power Cord: 20' water resistant 18-3 SJTW-A/SJTW with integrally grounded 3-prong plug, single phase. CSA Listed. Stainless steel cord connector.
MOTOR: 4/10 HP, 3450 RPM, 115 Volts, 60 Hz. Oil-filled. Built-in thermal overload protection with automatic reset and PSC motor. Stainless steel motor shaft.
ME40PC-11-CI 4/10 9.7 115 1/60 20' Manual 16.5" 7.5"


Hello! I'm in Chichester - we have a local group too - doubt I'll make it over to Brighton but with Jane running the show it'll be great The South East has a lot of thriving face to face groups so I'm really pleased the one in Brighton has taken off. I write for teens mostly - though I also write for middle grade and the occasional PB text...my agent is Sophie Hicks, she's just set up on her own so interesting times! How about you?
Jane is hilarious. There's quite a few kidlit writers in Brighton, actually. I write MG fantasy, my first two books are coming out next year with Orchard.


Widow films for protection against sunlight.
Foliggo offers window films for protection against sunlight, which can be installed on glass units and single-layer window panes. We provide typical sun protection films designed to be installed from the interior as well as specially designed external sun protection films, which protect new windows from the solar heat. Our product range also includes films for low-emissivity windows, smoked windows, and multilayer windows. Our anti-solar films are also partially thermal insulating films (reflecting up to 15% of the warmth from central heating) for houses and apartments. Some films also provide a one-way mirror effect. They may also be used as decorative films, enhancing the aesthetic quality and utility of a building.
Foliggo sun protection films contain a thin layer of highly transparent polyester. There is also a thin layer of glue applied on the film, which facilitates its installation on the window, as well as a layer of metallized coating, created using a unique process of vacuum sublimation..
protection against fading - the standard warranty for silver films mounted vertically on windows lasts for 5 years.
99% reduction of UV radiation, resulting in the protection of objects placed behind the window against fading and damage, and slowing down the photoaging process.
a mirror window film is usually used as a sun protection film in offices, warehouses, and houses. It can be also applied to create a one-way mirror effect in a situation, when one side of the mirror is well-lit and the other is dark.
LUX 60 a special sun protection film in golden finish with sublimated metal coating, which is characterised by very low heat absorption (very little energy is accumulated on the window). It is recommended for new argon-filled windows.


text:
The Historical Village
The Corporation of Trinity House
The Residents
On-Site contractors
Garden Policy
Apartment Gallery
Harper Road
Resident's Review
Sykes & Son Seasonal Column
TNRA Events
Trinity Villager
Charity Spotlight: Care for Veterans
For more information, please visit www.careforveterans.org.uk
Charity Spotlight: The London Nautical School
The government enquiry following the sinking of the Titanic established six nautical schools around the country. Over 100 years later, the London Nautical School (LNS) is the only remaining one that continues to exist in its original guise.
CHARITY SPOTLIGHT: RNRM CHILDREN'S FUND
Originally started as a pair of orphanages in Portsmouth (1825) and Chatham (1902), the Royal Navy & Royal Marines Children's Fund was established as a benevolent organisation in 1999. Trinity House has been supporting the RNRM Children's Fund for 35 years.
Charity Spotlight: Combat Stress
The mission of Combat Stress, one of the many charities supported by Trinity House, is to provide timely, effective clinical treatment and support to veterans who suffer from psychological injuries. It was founded in May 1919, just after the end of the First World War.
© 2019 The Corporation of Trinity House of Deptford Strond. All Rights Reserved.
Registered charity in England and Wales under charity registration number 211869.
Registered office: Trinity House, Tower Hill, London, EC3N 4DH.
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text:
EAPO Annual Report 2018
President's Foreword
Main Achievements
Activities of the EAPO
Administrative Council
Eurasian Patent Examination
Oppositions and Appeals
Development of Automation
In 2018, the EAPO continued to streamline its regulatory framework. Amendments and addenda were made to the Patent Regulations under the Eurasian Patent Convention, the Statute on Fees of the Eurasian Patent Organization, the Administrative Regulations under the EAPC and the Rules of Procedure of the Eurasian Patent Organization's Administrative Council.
The chief aim of the amendments and addenda made to the Patent Regulations under the EAPC and the Statute on Fees of the Eurasian Patent Organization was to rationalize the system of reduced fee rates that applies to fees payable to the Eurasian Patent Office for performing legally significant actions with respect to Eurasian applications and Eurasian patents.
The amendments and addenda made to paragraphs 2, 4, 5, 6, 7(1), 7(3), 8 and 11 of EAPO's Statute on Fees provide that, as of 1 January 2019, the reduced rate of fees will apply to the following groups of applicants, patent owners and subjects of transfer of right to a Eurasian application or a Eurasian patent:
natural persons from a State party to the Eurasian Patent Convention;
natural persons who are citizens and permanent residents of the States meeting the requirements for granting international fee reduction in line with the provisions of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT);
legal entities from States party to the Eurasian Patent Convention.
Natural persons from among the first group shall pay a fee equal to 10 per cent of the established amount. Natural persons from among the second group shall pay a fee equal to 50 per cent of the established amount. A two-tier system of fee reduction has been established for legal entities of States party to the Eurasian Patent Convention. Thus, government research and educational institutions shall pay 30 per cent of the established fee amount, while other legal entities of the EAPC Member States shall pay 90 per cent of the established amount.
In addition to the amendments and addenda referred to above, the new language of EAPO's Patent Regulations
specifies the cases when Eurasian patent attorneys are under obligation to submit to the Eurasian Office the power of attorney issued to them for filing oppositions against the grant of a Eurasian patent or oppositions against patent term extension;
establishes the norms regulating the use of digital signature in electronic documents of the Eurasian Patent Office;
eliminates legal and regulatory omissions with respect to cases when one applicant files Eurasian applications for identical inventions having the same date of filing and priority date;
specifies the provisions governing the calculation and extension of procedural time limits for the performance by the Eurasian Office of actions with respect to Eurasian patents for invention.
Likewise, the EAPO's Statute on Fees had some of its provisions amended, including those that specify the timeframes for the submission of supporting documents with respect to payment of fees for filing oppositions or extension of deadlines for performing procedural actions.
Amendments and addenda made to the Administrative Regulations under the EAPC and the Rules of Procedure of the Eurasian Organization's Administrative Council improve the operations of the EAPO Administrative Council.
Thus, to further advance the principle of equitable geographic representation, a new provision was added to the Administrative Regulations under the EAPC. It specifies that the Chair and the Deputy Chair of the EAPO Administrative Council may not represent the same Member State of the Eurasian Patent Convention.
The main amendment to the Rules of Procedure of EAPO's Administrative Council facilitates the performance of its mandated functions, in a consistent manner. The new language of the Rules of Procedure provides that the items on the agenda of a regular meeting of the Administrative Council, which were not addressed by the same regular meeting, shall be included into the agenda of the next meeting, unless the EAPO Administrative Council decides otherwise. The Rules of Procedure of the EAPO Administrative Council also specify that the Eurasian Patent Office acts as the secretariat of the EAPO Administrative Council.
The amendments and addenda made to the Patent Regulations under the Eurasian Patent Convention and the EAPO Statute on Fees require that the regulatory documents of the Eurasian Office containing relevant provisions be amended accordingly.
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Where is this show going? – this is the one question I have had in my head since the premiere of the latest series.
The Walking Dead has officially become a dull, mind-numbing cash cow that AMC is continuing to milk for as much as possible.
The show, which has seen its lowest ratings in four years throughout the current season, just won't seem to die (much like a large percentage of the hopeless characters that still taunt us with their existence).
You know when someone seems perfectly fine to begin with, seems like a hard working person who just wants the best for everyone, much like The Governor (David Morrissey) from the previous series' of TWD, but then they say something that makes you recoil in horror and realise they are evil? Well Mr Gimple, you have succeeded sir.
If the show continues on the awful track it has been since October 23 then I will personally put a .44 Python against my temple and rid myself of this deeply depressing exhaustion of a much-loved franchise.
Mr Gimple continued to say that he wanted to explore more possibilities outside of the source material. Whilst this is something that should be considered from time to time (especially when looking at successful series' like Game of Thrones) I feel the show has deviated a lot from the comic, to the point that amazing plot lines and scenes have been lost in translation and absolutely butchered.
On Monday (April 3) we get to see the finale to this dreadful series and, judging by the trailers, it looks like it may be moderately exciting, but I say this with a pinch of salt.
Now we count down the days until GoT comes back onto our screens…. wish July would hurry up.
I have to agree, Patrick. They should change the name of the show to 'Slow-Paced Conversations Where Occasionally Very Unthreatening Walking Deadens Stroll in'. Can I borrow the Python after you?
We should do a Top Blasé Walking Dead Zombie Encounters.