text:
LD 1226 Session - 127th Maine Legislature
C "A", Filing Number H-431, Sponsored by
Bill Tracking, Additional Documents Chamber Status
Amend the bill by striking out the title and substituting the following:
'An Act To Establish a Hunting Permit Package'
Amend the bill by striking out everything after the enacting clause and before the summary and inserting the following:
'Sec. 1. 12 MRSA §10201, sub-§5, as amended by PL 2009, c. 340, §7, is repealed.
Sec. 2. 12 MRSA §10206, sub-§4, as enacted by PL 2003, c. 414, Pt. A, §2 and affected by c. 614, §9, is amended to read:
4. Migratory waterfowl revenues. All revenues Not less than $83,000 of revenues derived from the sale of permits and art in conjunction with the permits under section 10201, subsection 5 and section 11157 permit packages issued under section 11161 must be deposited into a special account within the department, and that account must be used for acquisition of waterfowl habitat and waterfowl management activities.
Sec. 3. 12 MRSA §10206, sub-§10, as enacted by PL 2003, c. 414, Pt. A, §2 and affected by c. 614, §9, is amended to read:
10. Pheasant hunting permit revenues. Revenues Not less than $22,000 of revenues generated from the sale of pheasant hunting permits permit packages issued under section 11161 must be deposited into a separate account within the department, to be known as the Pheasant Fund and referred to in this subsection as the "fund." The fund is nonlapsing. The fund may be used only for costs directly related to the administration of the pheasant program, including grants to a qualified rod and gun club or qualified hunting-oriented organization to help defray the costs of purchasing and raising pheasants in accordance with an agreement with the commissioner entered into in accordance with section 10108, subsection 9.
Sec. 4. 12 MRSA §10260, as enacted by PL 2007, c. 168, §1 and affected by §8, is amended to read:
§ 10260. Black Bear Research Fund
The Black Bear Research Fund, referred to in this section as "the fund," is established within the department as a nonlapsing fund to be used by the commissioner to fund or assist in funding studies related to the management of black bears. Revenue from the nonresident late season bear hunting permit under section 11151-A and the Not less than $31,000 of revenues generated from the sale of permit packages under section 11161 and all revenues generated from the sale of bear trapping permit permits under section 12260-A must be deposited in the fund. The commissioner may accept and deposit into the fund monetary gifts, donations or other contributions from public or private sources for the purposes specified in this section. The fund must be held separate and apart from all other money, funds and accounts.
1. Residents over 70 years of age. A complimentary license to hunt, trap or fish, including an archery license under section 11109, subsection 7 , a pheasant hunting permit under section 11156, a muzzle-loading hunting license under section 11109, subsection 4, a migratory waterfowl permit under section 11157 and a bear hunting permit under section 11151 and a permit package under section 11161, must be issued to a resident who is 70 years of age or older upon application to the commissioner.
A. A resident who applies for a complimentary license under this section at any time during the calendar year of that resident's 70th birthday must be issued a license upon application, regardless of the actual date during that calendar year in which that resident attains 70 years of age. A guide license may be renewed without charge for a resident who is 70 years of age or older upon application to the commissioner. The application must be accompanied by a birth certificate or other certified evidence of the applicant's date of birth and residency.
B. Beginning January 1, 2006, the department may not issue a complimentary license to a resident over 70 years of age. A complimentary license issued to a resident over 70 years of age prior to January 1, 2006 is valid as long as the license holder satisfies the residency requirements set out in section 10001, subsection 53.
C. A complimentary license issued under this subsection remains valid for the remainder of the life of the license holder, as long as the license holder continues to satisfy the residency requirements set out in section 10001, subsection 53 and the license is not revoked or suspended.
Sec. 6. 12 MRSA §10853, sub-§1-A, as enacted by PL 2005, c. 75, §1, is amended to read:
1-A. Residents 100 years of age or older. A Notwithstanding section 11161, a complimentary antlerless deer permit under section 11152 may be issued to a resident of the State who is 100 years of age or older upon application to the commissioner.
A. A resident who applies for a complimentary antlerless deer permit under this subsection at any time during the calendar year of that resident's 100th birthday may be issued the permit regardless of the actual date during that calendar year in which that resident attains 100 years of age. The application must be accompanied by a birth certificate or other certified evidence of the applicant's date of birth and proof of residency.
B. A complimentary antlerless deer permit issued under this subsection remains valid for the remainder of the life of the permit holder, as long as the permit holder continues to satisfy the residency requirements set out in section 10001, subsection 53 and the permit is not revoked or suspended.
Sec. 7. 12 MRSA §11106-A, as amended by PL 2015, c. 136, §4, is repealed and the following enacted in its place:
§ 11106-A. Eligibility for crossbow hunting license
A person who holds a valid permit package issued pursuant to section 11161 may hunt with a crossbow.
Sec. 8. 12 MRSA §11107, as amended by PL 2015, c. 136, §5, is repealed and the following enacted in its place:
§ 11107. Eligibility for hunting with muzzle-loader
A person who holds a valid permit package issued pursuant to section 11161 may hunt with a muzzle-loader.
Sec. 9. 12 MRSA §11108, sub-§1, as amended by PL 2015, c. 136, §6, is further amended to read:
1. On certain land. Notwithstanding section 11109, subsection 1 as it applies to this subchapter, a resident and a member of the resident's immediate family, as long as the hunter's license to hunt is not under suspension or revocation, may hunt without a license, including, but not limited to, an archery hunting license, a crossbow hunting license and a muzzle-loading license, on a single plot of land:
A. To which they are legally entitled to possession;
B. On which they are actually domiciled;
C. That is used exclusively for agricultural purposes; and
D. That is in excess of 10 acres.
Sec. 10. 12 MRSA §11109, sub-§3, ¶E-1, as amended by PL 2009, c. 213, Pt. OO, §2, is further amended to read:
E-1. A resident apprenticeship hunter license, which includes a bear hunting permit and a wild turkey hunting permit under sections 11151 and 11155 respectively permit package under section 11161, is $25.
Sec. 11. 12 MRSA §11109, sub-§3, ¶P, as amended by PL 2009, c. 213, Pt. OO, §2, is further amended to read:
P. A nonresident big game apprenticeship hunter license, which permits the hunting of all legal species and includes a bear hunting permit and a wild turkey hunting permit under sections 11151 and 11155 respectively permit package under section 11161, is $114.
Sec. 12. 12 MRSA §11109, sub-§4, as amended by PL 2005, c. 397, Pt. E, §6, is repealed.
Sec. 13. 12 MRSA §11109, sub-§5, as amended by PL 2009, c. 213, Pt. OO, §3, is repealed.
Sec. 14. 12 MRSA §11109, sub-§8, as enacted by PL 2005, c. 419, §5 and affected by §12, is repealed.
Sec. 16. 12 MRSA §11151, as amended by PL 2009, c. 213, Pt. OO, §6, is further amended to read:
§ 11151. Bear hunting permit
1. Permit required. Except as otherwise authorized pursuant to this Part, a person may not hunt for bear without a valid permit package issued pursuant to section 11161 from the first Monday preceding September 1st to the day preceding the open firearm season on deer. This section does not apply to trapping for bear.
Each day a person violates this subsection that person commits a Class E crime for which a minimum fine of $50 and an amount equal to twice the applicable license fee must be imposed.
2. Eligibility; big game license required. A person who possesses a valid license to hunt big game may obtain a permit to hunt for bear from the commissioner or an authorized agent.
3. Issuance; permit fee. The commissioner, through the commissioner's authorized agent, shall issue a bear hunting permit to an eligible person. The annual fee for each permit issued is $27 for residents and $74 for nonresidents.
Sec. 17. 12 MRSA §11151-A, as enacted by PL 2007, c. 168, §4 and affected by §8, is repealed.
Sec. 18. 12 MRSA §11153, sub-§1, as amended by PL 2005, c. 12, Pt. III, §8, is further amended to read:
1. Special season deer hunting permits; authority to issue for special season. The commissioner may implement a permit system to regulate hunter participation in a special season established by the commissioner pursuant to section 11402, subsection 4, paragraph B and the number, sex and age of deer harvested. If permits other than expanded archery permits are issued, the fee for a deer permit other than an antlerless deer permit is $32 and the fee for an antlerless deer permit is $12. The commissioner may grant the authority to hunt during an expanded archery season for antlerless deer or deer of either sex only as part of a permit package issued pursuant to section 11161.
Sec. 19. 12 MRSA §11155, sub-§1, as amended by PL 2003, c. 552, §2 and affected by §15, c. 614, §9 and c. 655, Pt. C, §§2 and 6, is further amended to read:
1. Permit required. Except as otherwise authorized pursuant to this Part, a person may not hunt or possess wild turkey unless that person has a valid permit package issued under this section 11161.
A person who violates this subsection commits a Class E crime for which the court shall impose a fine of not less than $500, none of which may be suspended. The court also shall impose a fine of $500 for each wild turkey unlawfully possessed, none of which may be suspended.
Sec. 20. 12 MRSA §11155, sub-§1-A, as amended by PL 2015, c. 127, §3 and affected by §6, is repealed.
Sec. 21. 12 MRSA §11155, sub-§1-C, as enacted by PL 2013, c. 387, §2, is repealed.
Sec. 22. 12 MRSA §11156, as amended by PL 2005, c. 12, Pt. III, §15, is further amended to read:
§ 11156. Pheasant hunting permit
1. Permit required. Except as otherwise authorized pursuant to this Part, a person may not hunt pheasant in Cumberland County or York County unless that person has a valid permit package issued under this section 11161. Each day a person violates this subsection that person commits a Class E crime for which a minimum fine of $50 and an amount equal to twice the applicable license fee must be imposed.
2. Rules. The commissioner may adopt rules necessary for the proper administration, enforcement and interpretation of this section. Rules adopted pursuant to this subsection are routine technical rules as defined in Title 5, chapter 375, subchapter 2-A.
3. Issuance. The commissioner or the commissioner's authorized agent may issue a pheasant hunting permit to an applicant 16 years of age or older permitting the applicant to hunt or possess pheasants in Cumberland County and York County. A person under 16 years of age may hunt or possess pheasants in accordance with this Part, except that a person under 16 years of age is not required to purchase or carry a pheasant hunting permit in order to hunt or possess pheasants.
4. Fee. The fee for a pheasant hunting permit is $18, $1 of which is retained by the commissioner's authorized agent.
§ 11157. Migratory waterfowl permit
1. Permit required. Except as otherwise authorized pursuant to this Part, a person may not hunt migratory waterfowl unless that person has a valid permit package issued pursuant to this section 11161. Each day a person violates this subsection that person commits a Class E crime for which a minimum fine of $50 and an amount equal to twice the applicable license fee must be imposed.
2. Issuance of permit. The commissioner or the commissioner's authorized agent shall issue a migratory waterfowl hunting permit to an applicant 16 years of age or older permitting the applicant to hunt or possess migratory waterfowl. A person under 16 years of age may, without a permit, hunt or possess migratory waterfowl in accordance with this Part.
3. Fee. The fee for a migratory waterfowl hunting permit is $7.50, 25¢ of which must be retained by the agent.
4. Expiration date. Migratory waterfowl hunting permits expire on December 31st of the year issued.
Sec. 24. 12 MRSA §11160, as amended by PL 2005, c. 12, Pt. III, §18 and corrected by RR 2011, c. 1, §17, is further amended to read:
§ 11160. Coyote night hunting permit
1. Permit required. Except as otherwise authorized pursuant to this Part, a person may not hunt coyote at night unless that person has a valid permit package issued under this section 11161. Each night a person violates this subsection that person commits a Class E crime for which a minimum fine of $50 and an amount equal to twice the applicable license fee must be imposed.
2. Eligibility; hunting license required. A person who possesses a valid hunting license is eligible to obtain a permit from the commissioner to hunt coyotes at night, except that a permit may not be issued to a person who has been convicted of a violation of section 11206 within 5 years of the date of application for the permit.
3. Issuance. The commissioner shall issue a permit to hunt coyotes at night to eligible persons at a fee of $4.
Sec. 25. 12 MRSA §11161 is enacted to read:
§ 11161. Permit package
A person must have a permit to hunt with a crossbow or muzzle-loader and to hunt for bear, wild turkey, pheasant, migratory waterfowl, coyote at night and under an expanded archery permit. A permit package authorizes a person to hunt using the following methods and for the following species:
1. Hunting with a crossbow; requirements. The holder of a permit package may hunt with a crossbow under the following circumstances.
A. A resident or nonresident 16 years of age or older who has satisfied the requirements of paragraph C and who holds a valid hunting license issued pursuant to section 11101 or an apprenticeship hunter license issued pursuant to section 11109, subsection 3, paragraphs E-1, O or P may hunt with a crossbow.
B. A resident or nonresident 10 years of age or older and under 16 years of age may hunt with a crossbow if that person holds a valid junior hunting license.
C. A person who has submitted proof of having successfully completed an archery hunting education program and a crossbow hunting education program as described in section 10108 or equivalent archery and crossbow hunting education programs or satisfactory evidence of having previously held a valid adult archery license or a license issued specifically for the purpose of hunting with a crossbow or bow and arrow in this State or any other state, province or country in any year after 1979 may hunt with a crossbow.
When proof or evidence cannot be otherwise provided, a person who applies for a permit package may substitute a signed affidavit that the person has previously held the required adult crossbow and archery hunting license or has successfully completed the required crossbow and archery hunting education programs under paragraph C.
A person who is an enrolled member of the Passamaquoddy Tribe, the Penobscot Nation, the Houlton Band of Maliseet Indians or the Aroostook Band of Micmacs who presents certification from the respective reservation governor or the Aroostook Micmac Council stating that the person is an enrolled member of a federally recognized nation, band or tribe listed in this paragraph is exempt from the requirements of this subsection.
A member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty who is permanently stationed outside of the United States and who is home on leave is exempt from crossbow hunter education program requirements under paragraph C if that member shows proof to the department prior to hunting with a crossbow that that member's home state of record, as recorded in that person's military service records, is Maine. A person who no longer meets the requirements of this subsection must satisfy the conditions for exemption under paragraph C.
2. Hunting with a muzzle-loader; requirements. The holder of a permit package may hunt with a muzzle-loader if:
A. The person is 16 years of age or older at the beginning of the special season established pursuant to section 11404, subsection 1-A and holds a valid hunting license issued pursuant to section 11101;
B. The person is 10 years of age or older and under 16 years of age and holds a valid junior hunting license; or
C. The person holds an apprenticeship hunter license.
3. Bear hunting. The holder of a permit package and a hunting license issued pursuant to section 11101 may hunt for bear in accordance with section 11151.
4. Wild turkey hunting. The holder of a permit package and a hunting license issued pursuant to section 11101 may hunt for wild turkey subject to the wild turkey hunting seasons established by the commissioner by rule and in accordance with section 11155.
5. Pheasant hunting. A person 16 years of age or older who holds a permit package and a hunting license issued pursuant to section 11101 may hunt pheasant in Cumberland County or York County in accordance with section 11156. A person under 16 years of age is not required to hold a permit to hunt or possess pheasants.
6. Migratory waterfowl hunting. A person 16 years of age or older who holds a permit package may hunt for migratory waterfowl in accordance with section 11157.
7. Coyote night hunting. A person who holds a hunting license issued pursuant to section 11101 may hunt coyotes at night in accordance with section 11160 unless the person has been convicted of a violation of section 11206 within 5 years of the date of application for the permit package.
8. Expanded archery hunting. If expanded archery permits are issued pursuant to section 11153, the holder of a permit package issued under this section must be issued an expanded archery permit subject to all other provisions of section 11153.
9. Issuance. The commissioner shall issue a permit package to a person who is eligible to hunt using any of the methods or for any of the species specified in this section. A person may be issued a permit package without meeting all of the requirements of this section, but the person may not hunt using a method of hunting or for a species specified in this section until the person meets the eligibility requirements for that method or species as specified in this section. All restrictions and conditions on hunting and fishing apply to the holder of a permit package.
10. Fee. The fee for a permit package is $34 except as otherwise provided.
Sec. 26. Transition. Beginning January 1, 2016, the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife may issue the permit package established under the Maine Revised Statutes, Title 12, section 11161.'
This amendment changes the title and replaces the bill. This amendment creates a permit package, which authorizes the holder to hunt with a crossbow or muzzle-loader, and authorizes the holder to hunt bear, wild turkey, pheasant, migratory waterfowl, coyote at night and antlerless deer and deer of either sex during an expanded archery season, if an expanded archery season is adopted by the Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife by rule. The fee for the permit package is $34 except as otherwise provided.
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Obituary: John T. Kiner Sr.
UNION: - John T. "Jack" Kiner Sr., 79, of Coldwater, formerly of Union, died Wednesday in Coldwater. He was born March 24, 1928, in Mansfield, OH. Survivors include daughters, Linda Jo Russell, Kathleen K. Kiner and Janet Ford, all of Mishawaka; a son, John T. (Candice) Kiner Jr. of Coldwater; sisters, Ethel A. Young and Marian I. Youngs; and brothers, James L. Kiner and Denny W. Kiner. Services will be at 2 p.m. Monday in Connelly Funeral Home, Cassopolis, where friends may call one hour before services.


text:
EDUindex
Educational Index
National Education Policy after 2020
The Union Cabinet on Wednesday approved the new National Education Policy (NEP) with an aim to introduce several changes in the Indian education system – from the school to college level. A single regulator for higher education institutions, multiple entries and exit options in degree courses, discontinuation of MPhil programs, low stakes board exams, common entrance exams for universities are among the highlights of the policy. Speaking to reporters, Union minister Prakash Javadekar said the changes are important as the policy, which was framed in 1986 and revised in 1992, had not been revised since then.
The NEP 2020 aims at making "India a global knowledge superpower".The new academic session will begin in September-October – the delay is due to the unprecedented coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak – and the government aims to introduce the policy before the new session kicks in. The committee — which suggested changes in the education system under the NEP — was headed by former ISRO chief K Kasturirangan. The NEP was drafted in 1986 and updated in 1992. The NEP was part of the election manifesto of the ruling Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) ahead of the 2014 elections.
Either one of the mother tongue or the local/regional language will be the medium of instruction up to Class 5 in all schools, the government said Wednesday while launching the National Education Policy 2020. Among other changes in the revision of the NEP, last done over three decades ago, is the extension of the right to education to cover all children between three and 18 years of age. The policy also proposes vocational education, with internships, for students from Class 6, a change to the 10+2 schooling structure, and a four-year bachelor's program. NEP 2020 will bring two crores, out-of-school children, back into the mainstream, the government has claimed. Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted saying he "wholeheartedly welcomed" the policy, which he called a "long due and much-awaited reform in the education sector".
In a bid to ramp up digital learning, a National Educational Technology Forum (NETF) would be created. "E-courses will be developed in eight regional languages initially and virtual labs will be developed," Amit Khare, Higher Education Secretary, said. Top 100 foreign colleges will be allowed to set-up campuses in India. According to the HRD Ministry document, listing salient features of policy, "such (foreign) universities will be given special dispensation regarding regulatory, governance, and content norms on par with other autonomous institutions of India." Standalone Higher Education Institutes and professional education institutes will be evolved into multi-disciplinary education. "There are over 45,000 affiliated colleges in our country. Under Graded Autonomy, Academic, Administrative and Financial Autonomy will be given to colleges, on the basis of the status of their accreditation," he further said.
Here are the important points in the National Education Policy 2020:
The mother tongue or local or regional language is to be the medium of instruction in all schools up to Class 5 (preferably till Class 8 and beyond), according to the policy. Under the NEP 2020, Sanskrit will be offered at all levels and foreign languages from the secondary school level.
The 10+2 structure has been replaced with 5+3+3+4, consisting of 12 years of school and three of Anganwadi or pre-school. This will be split as follows: a foundational stage (ages three and eight), three years of pre-primary (ages eight to 11), a preparatory stage (ages 11 to 14), and a secondary stage (ages 14 to 18). According to the government, the revised structure will "bring hitherto uncovered age group of three to six years, recognized globally as a crucial stage for the development of mental faculties, under school curriculum".
Instead of exams being held every year, school students will sit only for three – at Classes 3, 5, and 8. Assessment in other years will shift to a "regular and formative" style that is more "competency-based, promotes learning and development, and tests higher-order skills, such as analysis, critical thinking and conceptual clarity".
Board exams will continue to be held for Classes 10 and 12 but even these will be re-designed with "holistic development" as the aim. Standards for this will be established by a new national assessment center – PARAKH (Performance Assessment, Review, and Analysis of Knowledge for Holistic Development).
The policy, the government has said, aims at reducing the curriculum load of students and allowing them to become more "multi-disciplinary" and "multi-lingual". There will be no rigid separation between arts and sciences, between curricular and extra-curricular activities and between vocational and academic stream, the government said.
To that end, the policy also proposes that higher education institutions like the IITs (Indian Institute of Technology) move towards "holistic education" by 2040 with greater inclusion of arts and humanities subjects for students studying science subjects, and vice versa.
The NEP 2020 proposes a four-year undergraduate program with multiple exit options to give students flexibility. A multi-disciplinary bachelor's degree will be awarded after completing four years of study. Students exiting after two years will get a diploma and those leaving after 12 months will have studied a vocational/professional course. MPhil (Master of Philosophy) courses are to be discontinued.
A Higher Education Council of India (HECI) will be set up to regulate higher education; the focus will be on institutions that have 3,000 or more students. Among the council's goals is to increase the gross enrolment ratio from 26.3 percent (2018) to 50 percent by 2035. The HECI will not, however, have jurisdiction over legal and medical colleges.
The Cabinet also approved changing the name of the HRD ministry to the education ministry.
Author Muskan SahaPosted on July 29, 2020 December 25, 2020 Categories Board Examination, Career, College, Competitive Examination, Courses and Programs, Education, Home Tutor, Interview, News, Research Publication, UniversityTags Current affairs, Education, News, School
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Ramda with FP Types Recently I have decided to switch from lodash to ramda to play with functional way of composing my logic. I love it! After some extensive digging into FP I have found that's it's not only about handy pure/point free utilities (ramda), but more about complex (at least for me) math abstractions (fantasy-land). I don't get all of it, but Either and Task pattern looks very handy. Problem is that I am not sure how to merge it with ramda utilities. I know about ramda-fantasy, but it's no longer maintained. Ramda-fantasy suggested libraries doesn't work the same way as ramda-fantasy. With all this new information about Monads/Monoids/Functors types I am completely lost.
For example, what the convention for this?
Right('boo')
  .map(x => x + '!')
  .map(x => x.toUpperCase())

vs

R.pipe(
  R.map(x => x + '!')
  R.map(x => x.toUpperCase())
)(Right('boo'))

Am I don't need ramda If I will decide to switch to Monads all the way?

A: One way to think about it is to think about types versus functions.
Ramda offers a large collection of utility functions.  They operate on arrays, on objects, on functions, on strings, on numbers, etc.  But they also operate on user-defined types.  So in your example, R.map operates on anything which matches the Functor specification.  If the implementation of Either you use matches that specification, then Ramda's map will operate on it.
But Ramda does not supply types.  It works with the built-in types such as Object, Array, Function, etc.  But -- arguably outside Lens -- it does not supply any types of its own.  Libraries such as Folktale provide large collections of types, such as Maybe, Result, Validation, Task and Future; more dedicated ones such as Fluture provide powerful versions of one specific type (Future).  All of these types implement the Functor specification.  A very incomplete list of such implementations is supplied by FantasyLand.
These two notions, functions on an abstract type and collections of types are complementary.  A Ramda function which works on any functor will work on whatever version of Either you use (so long as it matches the specification.)  More on this relationship is in this StackOverflow Q+A.
The question compared these two snippets:
Right('boo')
  .map(x => x + '!')
  .map(x => x.toUpperCase())

and
R.pipe(
  R.map(x => x + '!')
  R.map(x => x.toUpperCase())
)(Right('boo'))

But neither is how I would think of the problem from a Ramda perspective.  Ramda is all about functions.  It supplies functions and expects you to use them to build more sophisticated functions, and then to use those to build even higher level functions.
If we wrote this function:
const bigBang = pipe(
  map (x => x + '!'),
  map (x => x .toUpperCase ())
)

or perhaps this version
const bigBang = pipe (
  map (concat (__, '!')),
  map (toUpper)
)

Then this function is now available to use on many types.  For example:
bigBang (['boo', 'scared', 'you'])     //=> ['BOO!', 'SCARED!', 'YOU!']
bigBang ({a: 'boo', b: 'ya'})          //=> {a: 'BOO!', b: 'YA!}
bigBang ((s) => s .repeat (2)) ('boo') //=> 'BOOBOO!'
bigBang (Right ('boo'))                //=> Right ('BOO!')
bigBang (Left ('oops'))                //=> Left ('oops')
bigBang (Just ('boo'))                 //=> Just ('BOO!')
bigBang (Nothing())                    //=> Nothing ()
bigBang (Future ('boo'))               //=> Future ('BOO!')

The first three -- Array, Object, and Function implementations -- are supplied by Ramda.  But the others still work since Ramda interoperates with the FantasyLand Functor specification.  And it will work if you supply your own map method on your type (or even better a fantasy-land/map method.)
So no, you don't need Ramda to work with Monads or with other abstract types.  You can work directly with their implementation.  But Ramda offers some nice ways to interoperate with them in a generic manner.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In this class, you will develop awareness of core strength and flowing creative movement as you unite movement with breath. Through this flow, the body naturally builds heat to help it move into postures and create a sense of lightness. Modifications make this accessible to all-levels.
There are no upcoming "FRIDAY NOON FLOW" classes on this day.


text:
For six very special pianos, a historic journey home on Emirates SkyCargo
Prized collection of historical pianos transported to London from Perth
Shipment included the first piano to have been transported to Australia in 1788
Dubai, U.A.E., 25 March 2019- In January 1788, a square piano made by Frederick Beck, one of the leading piano makers of the time in London, became the first keyboard instrument to arrive on Australian soil. The 'First Fleet Piano' landed in Sydney on board the HMS Sirius, one of the 11 First Fleet ships that sailed from England to Australia, after an eight month voyage that took it from Portsmouth to Rio de Janeiro, then on to Cape Town before reaching Sydney.
Fast forward 231 years, and the First Fleet Piano, now in the collection of Edith Cowan University, Perth, once again embarked on an epic journey- travelling to its historic home in England. This time however, the itinerary lasted a mere 21 hours from Perth to London through Dubai thanks to Emirates SkyCargo.
The First Fleet Piano was joined in its historic flight from Perth by five other musical instruments, three of which are rare pieces produced in the 18th and 19th centuries. The instruments were packed in specially crafted insulated flight cases with sensors to track temperature and movement. These cases were then loaded carefully in the cargo hold of Emirates' A380 aircraft from Perth to Dubai. Once in Dubai, the piano cases were then rapidly transferred to the connecting flight to London.
Once in London, the instruments will be showcased in a bespoke salon performance at the Australia House on March 26. The First Fleet Piano will then undergo extensive restoration work before returning to Edith Cowan University's Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts where it will continue to inspire musicians and students for generations to come.
"Emirates SkyCargo has always prided itself in its role as a connector of people's lives and economies. With the transport of these historic pianos from Edith Cowan University's collection of rare musical instruments, we have also played a role in a cultural project that connects two nations through music and heritage. Our modern aircraft and facilities combined with our expertise in handling precious cargo ensured that the pianos travelled safely from their origin to destination," said Ravishankar Mirle, Emirates Vice President, Cargo Commercial, Far East & Australasia.
"The restoration of the First Fleet piano has firmly placed Edith Cowan University at the centre of worldwide efforts to create research and education programs on how to conserve and restore prized historical instruments. We are confident that our precious Founding Pianos collection will be in safe hands travelling with Emirates SkyCargo," said Professor Steve Chapman, Vice-Chancellor, Edith Cowan University.
Every year Emirates SkyCargo transports a large volume of precious cargo- including historic artefacts and artwork across its network of over 155 destinations. The carrier recently moved a hand crafted digital church organ from the UK to the U.A.E. for the mass celebrated during Pope Francis' visit to the country.
Emirates SkyCargo transports six special pianos
Emirates SkyCargo's Rosie touches down in Barcelona for a special occasion
Emirates SkyCargo Expands its US Network with Orlando Launch


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International Relations3
Palestine274
Arabia100
Gaza63
Middle East[remove]60
Journal Article60
Insight Turkey77
Journal of Palestine Studies[remove]60
Harvard Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy29
Foreign Affairs28
Iranian Review of Foreign Affairs21
Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations20
Institute for Palestine Studies60
You searched for: Political Geography Middle East Remove constraint Political Geography: Middle East Journal Journal of Palestine Studies Remove constraint Journal: Journal of Palestine Studies
1. From the Editor
Author: Rashid I. Khalidi
Journal: Journal of Palestine Studies
Institution: Institute for Palestine Studies
Abstract: AT FIRST GLANCE the contents of this issue of the Journal appear disparate, ranging as they do over the Israeli settlement project, Tony Blair's tenure as Quartet Middle East representative, the role of Islamic Jihad, and the effect of recent upheavals in the Arab world on the Palestinian issue. But taken as a whole they show how much the contemporary Middle East-with the Palestine question at its center-is in dialogue with its history. Although history may not repeat itself, there are nevertheless striking parallels and linkages between past and current events.
Topic: Islam, War
Political Geography: Middle East, Palestine, Arabia, Egypt
2. Bibliography of Periodical Literature
Author: Norbert Scholz
Abstract: This section lists articles and reviews of books relevant to Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Entries are classified under the following headings: Reference and General; History (through 1948) and Geography; Palestinian Politics and Society; Jerusalem; Israeli Politics, Society, and Zionism; Arab and Middle Eastern Politics; International Relations; Law; Military; Economy, Society, and Education; Literature, Arts, and Culture; Book Reviews; and Reports Received.
Topic: Economics
Political Geography: Middle East, Israel, Palestine
Abstract: No abstract is available.
Political Geography: Middle East
Topic: International Relations, Politics, Law
Political Geography: Middle East, Israel, Arabia
5. It Only Takes One to Tango
Author: Moshe Behar
Abstract: Think of a prominent Arab-Jewish scholar who had published dozens of books about themes pertaining to the modern history of his native Middle East (for example Murad Farag or Avra-ham Elmaleh). Imagine further that al-though he did not have a command of Latin, English, French, or German, our heuristic Arab-Jewish author proceeded to write a book about the his-tory of Western European Jewry during the past fourteen centuries, titling it In Jesus' House: A History of Jews in Christian Lands. Would academic presses be likely to entertain publication of such a work? Would scholars of Western European Jewry be likely to view such a text favorably or as being authoritative? These were my first thoughts after reading Sir Martin Gilbert's staggeringly ambitious book, aiming to survey the history of Jews from Morocco to Afghanistan, notwithstanding his lack of Arabic, Persian, or Ottoman Turkish.
Political Geography: Afghanistan, Europe, Turkey, Middle East, Arabia, Germany
6. Hizballah's Evolving Identity
Author: Mouannes Hojairi
Abstract: One of the notable elements missing from the literature on Hizballah's structure and military might is an in depth analysis of the party's inner mechanisms of identity formation. The process of generating identity and ideology from within the party has been largely ignored in favor of analysis of the party's performance and interaction within the regional politics of the Middle East, and within the Lebanese political system.
7. Settlement Monitor
Author: Geoffrey Aronson
Abstract: This section covers items—reprinted articles, statistics, and maps—pertaining to Israeli settlement activities in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and the Golan Heights. Unless otherwise stated, the items have been written by Geoffrey Aronson for this section or drawn from material written by him for Report on Israeli Settlement in the Occupied Territories (hereinafter Settlement Report ), a Washington-based bimonthly newsletter published by the Foundation for Middle East Peace. JPS is grateful to the foundation for permission to draw on its material.
Political Geography: Washington, Middle East, Israel
8. Middle East Quartet, Statement Urging the Resumption of Israeli-Palestinian Peace Talks, New York, 23 September 2011
Abstract: With the approach of the annual UN General Assembly (UNGA) session and the Palestinians not yet completely de- cided on whether to go ahead with a bid for full membership in the world body, the U.S. in late August 2011 stepped up efforts to avert the move. These included pressure on the Palestinians to accept a proposal by the Middle East Quartet (the U.S., EU, Russia, and the UN) to revive Israeli-Palestinian peace talk in lieu of their statehood bid. U.S. envoys pre- sented several formulas, but the Pales- tinians found them insufficient and not serious, and said that even if a viable proposal were presented, the statehood bid would proceed (see Quarterly Update in this issue for details). The U.S. urged its Quartet partners to issue a statement on reviving talks nonetheless, believing it would give the U.S. leverage to argue that an alternative to the statehood bid still existed through negotiations, and that until all negotiating prospects were exhausted unilateral Palestinian steps should be opposed.
Political Geography: Russia, United States, Europe, Middle East, Israel, Palestine, United Nations
9. UN Security Council, Report of the Committee on the Admission of New Members Concerning Palestine's Application for Membership to the UN , New York, 11 November 2011.
Abstract: The UN Committee on the Admission of New Members, comprising representatives of the fifteen serving members of the UN Security Council (UNSC), considered the Palestinian application at a number of meetings between 28 September and 8 November, the date it completed its final report. In addition to the five permanent members (the U.S., France, Great Britain, Russia, and China), the rotating members during this period were Bosnia, Brazil, Colombia, Gabon, Germany, India, Lebanon, Nigeria, Portugal, and South Africa. The report was formally accepted by the UNSC on 11 November.
Political Geography: Britain, Africa, China, New York, Bosnia, Middle East, India, France, Brazil, Colombia, Palestine, Germany, United Nations, Nigeria, Portugal
10. U.S. Ambassador to Jordan David Hale, Confidential Memo on the Debate in Jordan Concerning the Palestinian Right of Return, Amman, 5 February 2008.
Abstract: This confidential memo to Secy. of State Condoleezza Rice and the State Department's Near East Affairs Bureau was published by WikiLeaks on 30 August 2011, sparking controversy in Jordan for revealing the tensions between Jordanians of East Bank and Palestinian origin and the extent to which many Palestinian and Jordanian figures assume that the right of return has become unattainable. Titled "The Right of Return: What It Means in Jordan," the analysis was written by then-ambassador David Hale, currently the Obama administration's special envoy to the Middle East peace process. It summarizes the views of various Jordanians (East Bankers and Palestinians) regarding the Palestinian refugee population in the kingdom, and their concerns regarding Israeli-Palestinian final status. It has been described as "the best single short treatment of the topic in any language, drawing out the many tensions and nuances around the issue." The text was taken from the WikiLeaks website at www.wikileaks.org.
Political Geography: United States, Middle East, Palestine


Every Friday at St. Katharine Dock's, between 11am - 3pm, our Friday food market is available on Marble Quay.
If you haven't sampled our World Food Market yet here at St. Katharine Docks then where have you been? The market takes place on Marble Quay every Friday 11am - 3pm, offering city workers, visitors and Londoners their weekly gourmet treat. With over 20 food stalls offering a diverse range of delicious dishes, including British stew and dumplings, Jamaican patties, Middle Eastern falafels and Mediterranean Paella you'll be sure to find something that takes your fancy.


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Newfoundland and Labrador civil service has felt chill from ATIPPA, ...
Burin Peninsula man guilty of imprudent driving in winter storm ...
Juno-award winning duet in St. John's to shoot video for Nevaeh Denine ...
Nunatsiavut government calls on Premier Ball to halt Muskrat Falls ...
St. Carol's Come Home Year to run July 26-Aug. 3
Newfoundland Senior Hockey: Breakers down Blues, will face Caribous in Eastern final
The Packet
Published: Mar 16 at 6:42 a.m.
Updated: Mar 17 at 11:32 a.m.
Gander stays alive in Central series, Game 6 will be in Grand-Falls-Windsor tonight
Team captain Jeremey Nicholas scored four goals as the Southern Shore Puglisevich Breakers downed the Conception Bay Blues 6-2 Friday night, a win that puts the Breakers in Newfoundland senior hockey's Eastern division final.
Southern Shore took the opening-round series in a full seven games. That means the Breakers will face the defending Herder Memorial Trophy provincial champion Clarenville Ford Caribous in another best-of-seven series beginning Sunday evening at the Eastlink Events Centre in Clarenville.
Friday, before a big crowd at the C.B.S. Arena, the Blues owned a 2-1 lead midway through the contest courtesy of two second-period goals by Kyle Tibbo, but Nicholas tied it with his second of the night and Matthew Oates scored on a power play before the middle frame was done, giving the visiting Breakers a lead they would not relinquish.
Blake Dalton had Southern Shore's other goal.
Nicholas, whose fourth tally was an empty-netter, also had an assist for a five-point night. Oates added two assists, while Keenan Kennedy had three helpers for the winners.
Kris Hodge assisted on both of Tibbo's goals for the Blues.
The Breakers-Caribous matchup gets underway 6 p.m. Sunday in Clarenville, with Game 2 at the Southern Shore Arena on Wednesday.
The winner of the series will advance to meet either the Grand Falls-Windsor Cataracts or Gander Kelly Ford Flyers in the Herder final.
The Cataracts lead the best-of-seven Central division final 3-2 heading into Game 6 tonight (7:30 p.m.) at Joe Byrne Memorial Stadium in Grand Falls-Windsor. The Flyers stayed alive with a 4-3 home-ice victory Friday in a game that saw Gander build up a 3-0 lead in the first period.
If there is to be a Game 7 in that one, it will be played 1 p.m. Sunday at the Steele Community Centre in Gander.
More Hockey stories
Ben Kuzma: Jack Hughes is the difference-maker as NHL's top projected draft pick
Updated Jun 21, 2019 at 9:29 a.m.
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St. Anthony hosts Midget D Hockey Tournament
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Aldo Tambellini obituary
The artist Aldo Tambellini, who has died aged 90, was obsessed with the colour black. "Black to me is like a beginning," he said in 1967. "Black gets rid of the historical definition. Black is a state of being blind and more aware. Black is a oneness with birth. Black is within totality, the oneness of all. Black is the expansion of consciousness in all directions."
Typical of Tambellini's avant-garde multimedia work is Black Trip, made in 1965, a highly disorientating short film mixing kinescope (where the artist recorded the screen of a television on 16mm film), together with painting directly on the negative, to create five minutes of flickering black-and-white visual noise, complemented by a headache-inducing, droning soundtrack. Slightly more restful was Black Is, a film installation made the same year. To the sound of a heartbeat Tambellini projected abstract forms on to a black background.
While he was an early pioneer of television and video in art, these formal innovations were coupled with radical political ideas, both in terms of black consciousness and a belief in anarchism. "I strongly believe in … 'black power' as a powerful message, for it destroys the old notion of western man, and by destroying that notion it also destroys the tradition of the art concept," he told one interviewer in 1967.
In Black Plus X (1966) Tambellini took his camera on to the streets of New York, filming the city's black citizens. Edited to a typically frantic pace, the film is intermittently reversed so the people in frame are instantaneously bleached white. The artist was white, but his interest in black culture and history came from his friendship with the poets Ishmael Reed and Calvin C Hernton. The latter collaborated with the artist on Black Zero (1965), a continuously evolving performance, which, alongside readings of Hernton's politically charged poems, originally featured electronic music, free-jazz jams by Bill Dixon and Calo Scott, manipulated and painted slides, and immersive projections. A version was shown at Tate Modern in 2012.
Born in Syracuse, New York, Aldo was the son of John Tambellini, a Brazilian-born waiter of Italian descent, and Gina (nee Puccinelli), who was from Tuscany. The marriage was an unhappy one. When Aldo was 18 months old, Gina returned to Italy with him and his brother, settling back in Lucca.
His mother bought Aldo a battery-operated projector which came preloaded with film clips of American cowboys and other such popular scenes. Setting this up in a long, dark corridor at the family home, Aldo would charge friends to attend screenings. When he was confined to bed for several months, suffering pneumonia, pleurisy and bronchitis, his mother gave him a marionette theatre with which he would stage shows from his window.
His art school studies in Lucca were cut short by the second world war. The family fled the city after a British and American air raid left many of his neighbours dead. Witnessing that violence put him on a lifelong course of anti-war and radical politics. The end of the war was also Tambellini's first introduction to African-American culture, when Lucca was liberated by the segregated 92nd Infantry Division, the so-called Buffalo Soldiers.
With Italy in ruins, Aldo returned to upstate New York, taking jobs picking potatoes and painting the gas tanks on refinery fields. He enrolled at Syracuse University and then the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, to study painting and sculpture. In 1959 he moved to New York city. There he co-founded Group Center, an alliance of writers, artists and activists, including Ron Hahne and Ben Morea, who later launched the situationist-inspired anarchist groups Black Mask and Up Against the Wall, Motherfucker. His first work in the city was hulking semi-spherical sculptures made from iron and covered in black tar.
Morea recalled Tambellini as an artist: "Very radical in his thinking and who channelled all of that into his art rather than social activism. He would only hold shows in common areas like churchyards and hallways in order to bring art to the public."
The art market, in the thrall of abstract expressionism and then pop art, showed little interest, and the feeling was mutual (though Andy Warhol's Exploding Plastic Inevitable series of events owed a debt to Tambellini). Instead, Tambellini, by this time rarely wearing any other colour than black, threw himself into avant-garde collectives and street politics. From 1966, he ran the Gate theatre and then, with Otto Piene (co-founder of the Zero art movement), the Black Gate, DIY arts spaces above each other in the East Village that hosted early performances by Jack Smith, Yayoi Kusama and Nam June Paik.
Painted black, neither the Gate nor Black Gate had seats, forcing the audience to sit on the floor amid the action. In 1968 the urge to bring art outside the gallery led Tambellini and Peine to create what is often cited as the first television programme made by artists, mixing performance, sculpture and film, and broadcast on the German network WDR.
In the mid-1970s Tambellini became a fellow at the Center for Advanced Visual Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. With his students he experimented with alternative documentary, collaborative film-making and live broadcast. In 1972 he produced a silent film of a memorial event after the death of the performance artist Ken Dewey, which featured Yoko Ono screaming. Five Minutes in Pittsburgh (1984) involved members of his MIT class positioned with cameras across the city with instructions to document whatever was happening around them at noon. While settled into academia, he began to paint again. The Destruction series (1961) features black graphite and wax on cardboard, which Tambellini then dug holes into; another series of paintings made throughout the 1980s features the use of fluid black enamel to create dark orbs on canvas and paper.
His work continued to have influence in experimental film circles, but has only recently been given a wider audience, albeit still sporadically, after a trove of films that had been thought lost was rediscovered in 2005. The 2009 Performa Biennial in New York restaged Black Zero, which was followed by a survey at the James Cohan Gallery in the city and the Tate Modern event. Tambellini was included in the 2015 Venice Biennale and in 2017 the ZKM Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe programmed a retrospective.
He is survived by his partner, Anna Salamone.
• Aldo Tambellini, artist, born 29 April 1930; died 12 November 2020
Total Film Magazine·37-min read


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Patrick, a twenty year old, first time father, sits with his wife's head in his lap. Their beautiful four month old baby boy lay sleeping next to them. Patrick sits silently listening to every breath his wife takes as she grips his hand tight to keep from screaming out in pain. This night spent on the cool dirt floor of their small one room home in the slums of Kampala, Uganda would strip Patrick of the two people he loved most. That night his wife died of an undetermined illness. Patrick worked in the quarry making just enough to pay rent and feed his family. He had little if any extra money all. He was unable to pay for transport to the closest hospital, let alone provide medical care.
The days after her passing, Patrick was not only faced with the loss of his wife, but with the uncertainty of how he would take care of his son. Christopher had been growing big and strong with his Mother's love and breast milk packed with nutrients. To keep his son he would need money for formula and for the salary of a house girl who would watch Christopher while he worked during the day. He tried everything, but was left with few options. Hearing of Patrick's situation, a neighbor directed him to an American working in a slum area nearby. The woman gladly admitted Christopher to her program. Patrick walked away from his son that day not knowing if or when he would ever get to bring him back home again.
If Patrick, a loving father who desired so deeply to raise his own son, had been living somewhere in the developed world, there would have been an entirely different outcome. If Patrick lived in a country with a progressive social welfare system in which the State worked to care for its most vulnerable citizens, he would have had access to programs that helped alleviate the increased economic strain that came with the death of his wife. Patrick would have potentially had access to government programs that subsidized food and housing costs, making it easier to provide for his son. These are not options for single-parents living in Uganda. Often times caregivers in their most vulnerable state seek assistance for their children and more often than not assistance comes in the form of institutional care models. Probation officers recommend OVC (orphans and other vulnerable children) to local babies' homes and orphanages. After placement in an institution, there is little if any work being done to reunify the child with their immediate or extended family. Most commonly, when a child enters an orphanage they are forfeiting their right to grow up in their natural family. Family preservation models in the care of OVC are seldom implemented in the developing world, leaving at-risk families with extremely limited options.
Save the Children reports, "Lack of support to families and communities also results in large numbers of children ending up in potentially harmful institutions. 4 out of 5 of the estimated 8 million children currently living in care institutions, have one or both parents alive. With some support these parents would be able to continue to care for their child in their own home" (Family Strengthening and Support, 2010). In this policy brief, Save the Children acknowledges that not all families are able to care for and protect their children from harm. There are some families that even with the necessary assistance, would still fail to meet the critical developmental needs of their children. Therefore the unethical gap in care provided to OVC in the developing world I will be addressing are the services offered to at-risk caregivers by which the dominant and fundamental need is monetary.
The clear and upsetting gap between services for at-risk children and youth in the U.S. and the services offered to the developing world is one that must be acknowledged and critically analyzed in order to begin providing families overseas the same level of care offered to families here. In this paper I will question most directly why individuals from the developed world- individuals from countries with progressive social welfare systems, why we have decided it is okay to move backward and continue offering solutions that have been found ineffective and actually damaging in our own countries. There has been a clear movement away from institutional care in the United States, with a movement toward family preservation. However, we insist on offering the developed world this sub-par level of care that countless studies have proven damaging not only to children and families, but to entire communities and cultures.
In Philadelphia, families who DHS feels it necessary to separate are scheduled to be seen in court on multiple occasions. Individuals present at said hearings would most likely include: a judge, a child advocate, the child(ren), parents, other family members, a case worker, and a lawyer defending the parents. These court hearings are held to make sure all parties are doing their job. The judge wants to see evidence that there is a movement toward permanency for the child. If at all possible, it is in the form of reunification with the natural family. For a child to be released back into the care of the home they were removed from, the caregiver must take the necessary steps to make their home a safe place for that child.
Anyone at DHS would tell you that as often as they are referred to as "baby snatchers", that is not what they are about. Not at all. The social workers, supervisors, and department heads all want to see children out of foster care and reunited with their biological family. They want to see caregivers making the necessary changes to help bring their children home. And it is in fact the case workers' job to do everything in his or her power to make this possible. Whether it is providing transportation to NA meetings, helping the caregiver look for employment, or finding necessary mental health treatment- the caseworker serves as a broker and advocate for the caregiver.
Family preservation is at the center of the services DHS provides to their clients. Individuals and institutions working to address the needs of at-risk children in the U.S. have studied the effects of institutional care on children. They have understood that it is a child's right to grow up with their natural family. They have realized that it is unethical to automatically write a caregiver off as unfit regardless of how a caseworker may feel about the situation initially. They have understood that it is entirely necessary to provide a caregiver with the tools to bring their children back home. Does it always work? Absolutely not. There are many parents who don't take advantage of the services provided to them. They do not do their part in completing the steps to make reunification possible, and in this case the caregiver's rights would be terminated. The point is, they are to be given every opportunity to make it possible for their children to return home. It is up to the caregiver to choose whether or not they will take responsibility and work with the case worker and the courts to meet the requirements for regaining custody of their children.
In Uganda at-risk families aren't even presented with this choice. Just imagine how the number of children living in institutional care would decrease if instead of simply placing children in orphanages, we came alongside the parents and gave them a choice. What if we focused on empowering and helping link them up with the necessary resources to keep their children? We could prevent family separation in the first place.
In some cases there is a definite need to remove a child from the home; however there is a major difference between the care provided when this occurs. One of the major differences between orphanages and foster care as temporary solutions- when children are placed in foster care in the U.S. a social worker is working with their parents to help them regain custody. In Uganda when a child enters an orphanage, the orphanage is not working with the caregiver to help improve their situation- thus the orphanage becomes more of a long-term solution for these families.
This is heartbreaking. Thank you for your insight and this important perspective.
I first went to Zimbabwe at the age of 19 and worked at an orphanage. Fifteen years later, my heart sinks when I hear people are going "over there" to build or work at an orphanage. I am now a strong advocate for community care of vulnerable children.
We can do this by supporting local activists who, though under-recognized and under-resourced, are the true heroes and the true experts about what's needed to help children in the developing world.
I've now worked with over 300 grassroots organizations in southern and east Africa in my career. Most were linked to churches, schools, or clinics, assisting children by extending services into areas that are not sufficiently reached by government or international agencies. A UNICEF-sponsored mapping exercise identified over 1,800 of these groups in Malawi alone (NOVOC, 2005).
As community-based and -focused institutions, grassroots organizations are part of the social fabric of the community in which girls and boys live and grow. This intimate position within girls' and boys' lives and in the community enables grassroots organizations to (1) have the legitimacy and trust to reach marginalized and isolated children with supportive and appropriate care, (2) design programs that are deemed most necessary and sensible in their locality, and (3) use their expertise to influence local support systems and institutions (e.g. families, schools, etc.) to more adequately fulfill children's rights.
Firelight Foundation's publication (found at: http://www.firelightfoundation.org/publication-02.php) offers a guide to Western-based groups and individuals seeking to contribute resources of time or money to support vulnerable children in Africa.
In no way can orphanages or international adoptions be a lasting solution for the vast numbers of vulnerable children in the developing world. It's time to recognize that there are long-term, traumatic consequences when children are deprived of their families and communities, and when families and communities are deprived of their children.
Thank you for your thorough input, Jennifer! It is always good to hear from people who have seen & understood the need for preventative/alternative care solutions for OVC rather than perpetuating the institutional model- which is obviously damaging and really not culturally appropriate. I am currently working with a professor at my university to complete an independent study- focusing on research in evidence based/best practice models for family & community based care for OVC in Africa. It has and continues to chance the direction and structure of Abide Family Center. We are focused on keeping Ugandans central to the project (Ugandan social workers will be doing all the casework). There is so much we lack in being American- we could never implement a successful program model if we were calling all the shots.
Hi Jennifer, great read! It's good to hear from someone who has first hand knowledge of whats going on out there. I completely support your cause!
Hey the abide family center website didn't work for me, anyway I can consider supporting this initiative?
Nice blog. You are providing very good information.
Loved your article http://whereamiwearing.com/2012/02/02/africa-does-not-need-more-orphanages/. It is so much about US, those with the money, not doing the right funding to solve these problems.
In fact, we have made many decisions as a nation, ie capital hill, making laws that actually hurt Africa more than help. We have economically shut them down and I believe we have done it on purpose to make sure Africa is not competitive in the market.
Then when we do help we do so wrong. A great example is "Good Fortune" a documentary where Western farming is brought to Africa with disastrous results.
Children grow best in families!
But to whose family should they go to when there are no families? The author speaks of one family but the vast numbers of children who are left on the street because their parents have died of HIV or war or other terrible circumstances have no family. What about the children who are sold so the family can buy food or shelter or to supply a parent's drug habit?
2 "So when you give to the needy, do not announce it with trumpets, as the hypocrites do in the synagogues and on the streets, to be honored by men. I tell you the truth, they have received their reward in full.
4 so that your giving may be in secret. Then your Father, who sees what is done in secret, will reward you. Greetings!
This is all fine and in a perfect world this is a great solution. (Of course in a perfect word there would be no orphanages.) But where do you propose the money to support these programs would come from? Like a lot of well-meaning social-activists, there is an overlooked detail. Funding! Okay, maybe two things. Funding and culture. What works in North Philly doesn't even necessarily work in Detroit. Programs and policies are great and what you're suggesting is wonderful. But who's paying for it? How would it be administered? You didn't mention bureaucracy, back-log, red tape regulations or staffing. And to think a system in Philly could just be transplanted to another country where the history, traditions, customs, values and culture are so different, is naïve.
range of psycho-therapy drugs administered to their son.
. Am happy to hear good ideas from different corners of the world. A person like me, I bought land and now am planning to put a free orphanage clinic. The most thing to be done in Africa is to SAVE LIFE of young BABIES and PREGNANT MOTHERS on health care grounds.
Africa doesn't need any more orphanages, or western aid or vaccines or western inspired civil wars, or deadly bio-weapons or any of the crap that comes from western countries! Africa simply needs the so called "rich" and "civilised" western countries to STOP STEALING our resources and get out of Africa!! Please go away and take back your aid, killer vaccines and your evil policies to kill, steal and destroy Africa!! Its your evil polices and insatiable greed that is creating the problems of orphanages, what do you expect when you come and inject Africans with bioweapons such as AIDS, Ebola and all manner of disgusting disease? you get destroyed communities with lots of helpless and vulnerable orphans!! AFRICA NEEDS ALL EVIL AND THIEVING WESTERNERS OUT OF AFRICA.
Africa had strong and vibrant self sufficient and self sustaining communities with healthy and wealthy Africans living together in harmony, until the white man showed up on the African continent! Go away and don't come back!!


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The Government's hopes of agreeing a Brexit trade deal with New Zealand by the end of August failed to materialise as negotiators are still locking horns on key areas such as "digital, financial services and mobility". The Department for International Trade had said in June that an agreement in principle could be reached before September,…
An entente cordiale with France beckons – once Macron has gone
Business 4 August 2021
Relations between the British and French governments have rarely been so dreadful since the origins of the entente cordiale and the long alliance under Lord Aberdeen in the 1840s. The diplomatic earthquake of Brexit has collided with the political character of Emmanuel Macron, who combines ultra-Europeanist ideology (when it suits him) with Bonapartist methods and…
French plot fails to force Britain out of EU research projects
Business 7 June 2021
Brussels has been defeated in its bid to freeze the UK out of cutting-edge research programmes in quantum, artificial intelligence and space research. In a move championed by a senior French official, the European Commission wanted a blanket ban on UK participation in certain parts of the €100bn (£86bn) Horizon Europe funding programme deemed particularly…
How is Brexit affecting British business? Telegraph readers have their say
Britain's businesses and workforces are adjusting to life outside of the EU and there are early signs that exporters are proving resilient, but that the UK's exit from the bloc could have a serious impact on the UK labour market. Nissan is in advanced talks to build an electric car battery gigafactory at its plant in Sunderland…
'Mindboggling' red tape threatens classic car industry, owners warn
Business 25 May 2021
A village fete is rarely complete without an array of vintage cars parked on the grass for motoring fans to admire. But now historic car owners are warning the switch to electrification and the red tape resulting from Brexit threaten the survival of businesses that keep these classic vehicles on the road. The vintage car…


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K&A Successfully Brings Largest Bank Merger in KSA History to Legal Completion
K&A, having advised Samba Financial Group on its merger with the National Commercial Bank (NCB), is pleased to announce the legal completion of the merger. Saudi National Bank (SNB), as the surviving entity has now been renamed, is now the largest bank in Saudi Arabia.
K&A's role on the transaction involved structuring, negotiating, and drafting all transaction documents and public circulars on behalf of Samba. K&A also represented Samba when dealings with regulators, including the CMA, GAC, SAMA, and MOC. All of K&A's tier 1 practices worked on this historic transaction, including the M&A, competition, capital markets, banking, and disputes teams.
This deal continues K&A strong track record in successful M&A deals in Saudi Arabia, after having had roles in Saudi Aramco's acquisition of 70% stake in SABIC, SIPCHEM's share swap with Sahara, and the SABB/Alwwal merger.
The closing of this deal also coincides with K&A being named the Saudi Arabian Law Firm of the year by Thomson Reuters, and National Law Firm for Saudi Arabia by the IFLR.
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K&A successfully completes work on largest M&A deal in KSA history
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What's New On Disney+ | Star Wars Day – The Rise Of Skywalker, The Clone Wars Finale & More
What's On Disney Plus > Blog > What's New On Disney Plus > Australia > What's New On Disney+ | Star Wars Day – The Rise Of Skywalker, The Clone Wars Finale & More
It's May 4th and it's Star Wars Day, with Disney going all in with lots of new additions to Disney+ including the latest blockbuster, Star Wars: The Rise Of Skywalker, which has been added two months early. This now means the entire Skywalker Saga is now available on Disney+.
Disney+ is also honoring the artistry of Star Wars with a week-long concept art takeover on the service. Like a commemorative gallery, each film and series' artwork will be updated on May 4th to feature its original concept paintings. From "Star Wars: A New Hope" to "The Mandalorian," the updated art will feature work from celebrated artists such as the legendary Ralph McQuarrie and Academy Award-winning artist, author, and production designer, Doug Chiang. On the Disney+ home screen, the animated "Star Wars" brand tile, viewable on web and connected TV devices, gets upgraded with a new animation that honors the signature hyperspace jump.
Here is the full rundown:
Star Wars: The Rise Of Skywalker (Global)
When it's discovered that the evil Emperor Palpatine did not die at the hands of Darth Vader, the rebels must race against the clock to find out his whereabouts. Finn and Poe lead the Resistance to put a stop to the First Order's plans to form a new Empire, while Rey anticipates her inevitable confrontation with Kylo Ren. Warning: Some flashing-lights scenes in this film may affect photosensitive viewers.
Star Wars: The Clone Wars – Episode 12 – Season Finale (Global)
After seven seasons, one of the most critically acclaimed chapters in the Star Wars saga, "Star Wars: The Clone Wars," will come to a close on a special day, Monday, May 4, giving fans around the world the chance to watch the finale together for Star Wars Day.
Disney Gallery: The Mandalorian (Global)
"Disney Gallery: The Mandalorian" is an eight-episode documentary series that pulls back the curtain on The Mandalorian. Each chapter explores a different facet of the first live-action Star Wars television show through interviews, behind the scenes footage, and roundtable conversations hosted by Jon Favreau.
In the first episode, the filmmakers speak about their individual journeys on the way to the director's chair and take us inside the filmmaking process of The Mandalorian.
Star Wars: Resistance – Season 1 (UK/Ireland)
"Star Wars Resistance," is the latest animated adventure series set before the events of "The Force Awakens," follows Kazuda Xiono ("Kaz"), a young pilot recruited by the Resistance's Poe Dameron and BB-8 and tasked with a top-secret mission to spy on the growing threat of the First Order. While undercover aboard The Colossus, a massive aircraft re-fueling platform on an outer rim water planet, Kaz works as a mechanic and lives with Poe's long-time friend Yeager – a veteran pilot who operates a starship repair shop run by his crew: Tam, Neeku and their old battered astromech droid, Bucket. In his quest to become the best pilot in the galaxy, Kaz's journey with his new friend BB-8 finds him facing off against stormtroopers and pirates all the while struggling to maintain his secret mission from his newfound family.
Lego Star Wars All Stars (S1) (UK/Ireland)
New faces team-up with iconic heroes Young Han Solo, Chewbacca, Young Lando Calrissian, BB-8, and General Leia for adventures that span all eras of the Star Wars universe.
Star Wars: Resistance (S2) (Australia/New Zealand)
The new season takes place during the events of "The Last Jedi" leading up to "The Rise of Skywalker," as Kaz and the team continue to fight against the threat of the First Order, culminating in an epic series finale.
What are you going to be watching on Disney+ on Star Wars Day?
Tags: star wars, what's new
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Star Wars Resistance is not here on my account which is based in ireland.
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In True Boy Band Fashion, CNCO Brought the House Down At Miami Show: Watch
CNCO took Miami by storm at the American Airlines Arena, singing their biggest hits including "Reggaeton Lento" and "Hey DJ."
By Jessica Roiz
Jessica Roiz
Assistant Editor, Latin
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Christopher Velez, Erick Brian Colon, Zabdiel de Jesus, Joel Pimentel and Richard Camacho of CNCO are seen backstage prior to their concert at AmericanAirlines Arena on March 1, 2019 in Miami, Florida. Alexander Tamargo/Getty Images.
If you would've told them in 2016, back when they were reality show hopefuls, that they would someday become the hottest boy band in Latin music, the then-aspiring artists Zabdiel de Jesus, Erick Brian Colon, Christopher Velez, Richard Camacho and Joel Pimentel would never have believed it.
CNCO
But because hard work, real talent and the determination to follow your dreams can take you to unimaginable places, the five boys, who now form CNCO, are conquering the world with their first-ever headlining tour.
On Friday night (March 1), CNCO took Miami by storm at the American Airlines Arena. The fun night kicked off at around 8:30 p.m. with a sultry presentation by emerging artist Yashua, who also participated in Univision's reality show, La Banda, three years ago. The young man, flaunting a bad boy look, drove the thousands of #CNCOwners crazy with a 20-minute set full of his captivating vocals and sexy dance moves.
CNCO Reveals 5 Reasons You Can't Miss Their First-Ever Headlining US Tour
The moment everyone was waiting for came at exactly 9:12 p.m. when CNCO made their entrance. Matching in gold jackets and black sequined pants, the boys opened their show with an exhilarating presentation of "Hey DJ." "This is crazy! We never imagined ourselves in this arena," said Richard to a roaring crowd.
They then continued their set, singing the first song they wrote as a band, "Bonita," followed by "Solo Yo." The only two men joining them onstage were a DJ and drummer who kept the crowd on their feet while the headliners went backstage for an outfit change.
Returning to the stage with silver jogger sets, CNCO crooned to the audience with a romantic medley, including "Primera Cita." They then took the time to read fan mail from CNCOwners who admire them before singing "Fan Enamorada" and "Fiesta en mi Casa."
Watch CNCO Dance Around the World to 'Se Vuelve Loca' & Get Caught Red-Handed in Japan
Reminding the audience of their beginnings and successful trajectory in a 3-year run, a short video played on stage, showing the moment they won La Banda to touring the world.
Now wearing denim, leopard print and Miami Heat jerseys, the boys continued their energetic night singing "Reggaeton Lento" and showing off their mean dance moves. Towards the ending of the night, Leslie Grace surprised the boys on stage to sing "Diganle."
Despite having minor technical issues throughout their performance, CNCO successfully closing the night at 10:41 p.m. singing "Se Vuelve Loca," further proving why they're the moment's hottest Latin boy band.
From 'Se Vuelve Loca' to 'Mamita,' Watch CNCO's 5 Best Live Performances
In case you missed the show or have yet to see them in concert, check out CNCO singing their new single "Pretend" below.
@cncomusic sing their new single #Pretend in Miami #CNCOWorldTour
A post shared by Billboard Latin (@billboardlatin) on Mar 1, 2019 at 6:47pm PST
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Q: Modal logic: place of the operator in a formalization Consider the following sentence:
1)  Nothing can be cause of itself.
What would be the correct formalization? $\forall x \Box \neg Cxx$, or rather $\Box\forall x \neg Cxx$? And what would be the reason?

A: The difference between the two statements is the distinction between necessity de re and de dicto.  A discussion is in Chapter 4 of Melvin Fitting's First-Order Modal Logic.
Do you want to distinguish between these two?

*

*$\Box\forall x\neg Cxx$: It is necessarily true that nothing is the cause of itself (de dicto, the claim is necessarily true)

*$\forall x\Box\neg Cxx$: All things have the essential property of not being the cause of themselves (de re, all things have a necessary property)
If you want to, then you pick one of the two sentences.  Otherwise the sentences are interchangeable.

The question then naturally arises of what distinction may be drawn between the two sentences.
@PeterSmith opens his excellent post with a clear statement of an important assumption: that "quantifiers run over things that exist here."  This is known as the varying domains, or actualist quantification assumption.  The constant domain or possibilist quantification assumption, on the other hand, holds that quantifiers run over things that exist either here or elsewhere.
Suppose there is a thing $t$ to be found in some world other than this, but accessible from this.  Further suppose that $Ctt$.  If we claim
$$  \forall x \Box \neg Cxx $$
under the actualist quantification assumption, the truth of $Ctt$ is of no consequence, because $x$ does not take the value $t$.  Under the possibilist quantification assumption, however, $\forall x \Box \neg Cxx$ is false.
Contrast this with $\Box \forall x \neg Cxx$.  Suppose we still have $t$ such that $Ctt$ in some accessible world.  Then $\Box \forall x \neg Cxx$ is false for both actualists and possibilists.

A: Here we are in the actual world. Naked, unmodalized, quantifiers run over things that exist here, making claims about things in the actual world.
So $\forall x \Box Fx$ says everything that exists here is such that it is necessarily $F$ -- it is $F$ here and $F$ in every world.
While $\Box\forall x Fx$ says that necessarily everything is $F$  -- i.e. in every possible world everything (not just the things which also exist here in the actual world) is $F$.
(Example: Some nominalists seem to think that there could be abstract objects, but believe that none in fact exist in the actual world. So, crudely with "$F$" meaning "concrete" they believe the first claim -- everything that actually exists is concrete and is concrete in every other world in which it exists (it is essentially concrete). But they don't believe that necessarily everything is concrete.)
Similarly, $\forall x \Box \neg Cxx$ is true if everything here is such that it necessarily doesn't cause itself.
By contrast, $\Box\forall x \neg Cxx$ says that in any world at all, you won't find things which cause themselves.
The second inituitively seems stronger: for it seems we can wonder about whether there can be self-causing objects (call them "gods" if you like) which don't exist in this world but do in other worlds. They aren't ruled out by the first claim, but are by the second.
Which way should we interpret "Nothing can be cause of itself"? Is this saying that, of anything that actually exists, it is such as to be (necessarily) non-self-causing? Or is it saying that that the possibility of self-causers is ruled out not just here but across all possible worlds? Only context, and the use to which the claim is made, will tell, I suppose.


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You Can Play 'Pokémon Go' Inside the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
Catch that radioactive Pidgey you've been wanting.
Filed Under Pokémon & Smartphones
An area of the world where many humans fear to tread has a surprising new collection of residents. Pokémon have found their way inside the Chernobyl exclusion zone, the 18.6 mile-wide area surrounding the 1986 nuclear disaster. Travel writer Darmon Richter confirmed that, during a recent trip around eastern Europe, he was able to play Pokémon Go on an official tour of the zone.
"I found that there was nothing happening in the game inside the 10km Zone, the most radioactive area of Chernobyl which immediately surrounds the reactors and the abandoned city of Pripyat," Richter tells Inverse. "Further out, however, in what's known as the 30km Zone (a 30km radius from the reactors), the game was fully functional, with a large number of Pokéstops, gyms, and a range of spawning Pokémon."
The revelation follows a July report on Japan's Fukushima disaster site, the only other nuclear event rated 7 on the International Nuclear Event Scale. Both sites are subject to intense safety measures. Niantic, developer of Pokémon Go, worked with Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Co. to remove Pokéstops and in-game creatures from the three nuclear power sites. At the time, it was unclear whether Niantic had removed Pokéstops from other disaster sites fenced off from human life.
Inside the exclusion zone, Richter found that his GPS would stop working for extended periods. He believed a GPS jammer could be operating in the area, but it's not certain. Previous reports suggest that teenagers trespassing into the most radioactive areas — a group that calls themselves "stalkers" — use satellite navigation to explore the abandoned areas.
In other areas of the zone, Richter found a world void of Pokémon. In many ways, it reflects reality: Pripyat is a ghost town. Formerly home to over 50,000 people, today the crumbling wreckage captures a distant memory of the USSR's grandest hopes for the future. Experts believe that, owing to the extreme levels of radiation, humans will not be able to reside in Pripyat for the foreseeable future.
The nearby Chernobyl New Safe Confinement is a multi-billion dollar engineering feat designed to contain the reactor's radiation for the next 100 years. Hans Blix, the Swedish diplomat in charge of the International Atomic Energy Agency at the time of the disaster, told Inverse that he never believed such a structure was possible. "It was inconceivable then," he said. "My only thought was 'what a horrible tragedy this is.'"
Although the creatures won't appear in the near vicinity of the disaster, Chernobyl's exclusion zone stretches far. The 30km zone, the outermost evacuated area, is home to around 180 people, mainly elderly residents that have chosen to remain despite the radiation levels.
"Opinions differ on exactly how dangerous the 30km Zone is, but most would agree that it's not somewhere you'd want to live," Richter says. "In that respect, you could definitely say that the game encourages play in a dangerous area."
Inverse reached out to Niantic to find out whether they agreed the game encourages unsafe behavior, but the developer had not responded at the time of publication.
Former landmarks have taken on new life as virtual points to stock up on supplies. The above Lenin statue is one of the last still standing in Ukraine: although the country underwent a period of de-Sovietization after the fall of communism, there was a renewed push to remove the remaining Lenin statues during the 2014 revolution. There were 5,500 Lenin statues in Ukraine at the time of the USSR's breakup: by the end of 2015, that number had dropped to 1,300. Today, the leader of the Russian revolution doles out Pokéballs, promoting one of capitalism's most recognizable franchises.
The haunting backdrop to Richter's game would have been weird enough, but then he got some unwelcome attention. One night, playing in the Chernobyl town, he captured a gym at the "third angel" monument. "It was absolute pitch black that night, no street lights, and dark enough that I managed to get quite lost as I played," he says.
As he wandered around the darkened paths, Richer realized he'd walked in a circle. He peered at the game, saw his gym and froze. "Another player had already captured it… meaning that someone else was with me, wandering around in the darkness in this largely abandoned town in Chernobyl," Richter says.
"Chernobyl" has become an instantly recognized slang word in English. A catastrophe. A defining moment for the USSR. A cautionary tale about nuclear energy. But Pokémon Go washes all that away, with a pristine map and virtual creatures untouched by the invisible poison. The game is the same in Chernobyl as it is elsewhere, but players still fire up the game in obscure locations. In that little five-inch window, players glimpse a world void of history and its horrors. With the radiation infecting life around it, it's a luxury Chernobyl may never truly afford.
Media via Darmon Richter
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by DubaiCity Author April 6, 2018
On 27 September 2013, the Majid Al Futtaim Group – the franchise partner – opened the DIP Carrefour Market in Dubai, in the United Arab Emirates. Carrefour is part of a shopping centre with shops, a large fast-food area and a car park with space for about 400 cars. The Majid Al Futtaim Group currently runs 109 stores: 58 Carrefour hypermarkets, 50 Carrefour Markets and one web store, in 14 different countries.
The UAE is the hub for operations for the Carrefour as its owner Maf is keen to expand it into new territories. Majid Al Futtaim (Maf) will use Dubai as a distribution epicentre for its Carrefour hypermarket chain as it looks to expand to meet rising demand across the Middle East, Africa and Central Asia. Carrefour provides all the resources to cater to the different requirements of its customers – whether they live in an a city or rural environment. The company is focused on meeting their expectations, Carrefour continued with its drive to expand and renovate its stores in 2015. Worldwide, the Group's stores come in a number of formats and channels: hypermarkets with a general product offer at the best possible prices; supermarkets. The UAE is the destination for operations for the major supermarket retailer as Maf looks to expand Carrefour into new territories, including adding Kenya and Kazakhstan last year. Carrefour UAE, owned by Majid Al Futtaim Retail, invests in the development of Carrefour branded products known as Carrefour private labels, with a view to redefining its stores' product line. Carrefour brings together the best French products since these have a high level of trust among our customers in the UAE.
Majid Al Futtaim retail operates hypermarkets across the Middle East and North Africa region with the brand "Carrefour". The shop floor space varying between 2,400 and 23,000 sq.m. per store, Carrefour's Hypermarkets offer a wide selection of 20,000 to 80,000 food and non-food products. Carrefour Hypermarkets delivers a vast variety of products to cater to every shopper's needs. All Hypermarket stores adopt a marketplace style format with fresh food prepared on-site, including working bakeries, meat and fish counters and a deli-style cheese counters. Every store is committed to providing the diverse range of goods at affordable prices. Hypermarkets showcase the best quality and most diverse selection of food, personal care, communication, leisure, entertainment and household goods available in the UAE. Each Carrefour Hypermarket has a team of in-store customer service professionals with vast product knowledge that are on-hand to assist customers and enhance their shopping experience.
Promotions and discount offers are provided annually throughout Hypermarket stores allowing products to be available to customers at even lower costs, keeping household essentials at unbeatable prices.
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Tanzania: Jambo!
By Susie Hughes on August 14, 2010 in Africa, Dar es Salaam, East Africa, Photos, Tanzania
Swahili is definitely the most fun language in the world! Is there a better way to greet someone than to say "Jambo!", or to relax with a "Hakuna matata"? Definitely not. We arrived in Dar...
Ethiopia, or, Where I Freely Walk into Oncoming Livestock
By Susie Hughes on July 26, 2010 in Africa, All Countries, Dar es Salaam, Ethiopia, Photos, South Africa, Tanzania
Everyone has to visit Ethiopia. It's where we come from people! The history of human evolution and civilization that exists in this country is mindblowing.We started in the capital city of Addis Ababa, where we...
Beyond the Mountain – Zanzibar
By Sherry Ott on October 15, 2006 in Africa, Dar es Salaam, East Africa, Photos, Tanzania
View snapshots from ZanzibarView Tanzania PhotographyTanzania was similar to Kenya in many ways – people were still walking everywhere, agriculture was the main 'industry', tribal life was the norm and the heavy meat diet was...


On Wednesday, Ford announced a program in cooperation with Deutsch Post DHL Group and StreetScooter to integrate a series of electrically- powered delivery vans as part of a pre-production test. 150 Ford Transit vans will be converted by Streetscooter into battery-powered electric vehicles, and renamed "Work XL." The body will be altered to DHL's specifications for the purpose of parcel delivery.
These vans will be used to supplement DHL current fleet of urban delivery vehicles in Germany, and will pave the way for an additional 2,500 Work XL electric delivery vans by the end of 2018. The Work XL will be made available for purchase by interested commercial customers. They will have over 20 cubic meters (700 cubic feet) of storage. The battery output will vary between 30 and 90 kWh, which will allow for a range between 50 and 125 miles. Estimated charging time is three hours.
According to Ford's announcement, these 2,500 vans may prevent a total of 12,500 tons of CO2 emissions each year, as well as save more than 1.25 million gallons of diesel.
Ford and DHL aren't the only ones going electric in the shipping industry. Keen to capitalize on the budding market, Mercedes announced an electric semi truck for use in urban environments back in February, available in flatbed, box, and refrigerator styles with a maximum range of 120 miles and a payload limit of 12.8 tons. It may have to compete with the upcoming Tesla semi truck, due to be revealed in September—though Daimler has shown no concern over the upstart American company's exploding popularity.
Likewise, Stateside is a Californian startup aiming to occupy the same market segment with its Chanje V0870, with an estimated 100-mile range and a maximum payload of three tons. Without a major parcel or postage service partnership, however, the Chanje van may prove hard to sell to electric-skeptical American buyers.


Caroline's Health & Beauty spa, nestled in a corner of The Farm Village, under a large oak tree, invites you to relax and be pampered in their tranquil environment.
Established in 2002, Caroline's team of qualified therapists offer professional skin care advice as well as face and body treatments for you total well-being. The spa team welcome you to experience their range of therapeutic treatments for men, women and children of all ages in comfortable, private treatment rooms.
Treatments include facials, body massage, reflexology, manicures, pedicures, hair removal, tinting & tanning. Gift vouchers are also available. for any given value or for a specific treatment that you choose for that special someone.
Caroline's Health & Beauty Spa is a proud registered stockist of South African skin products Environ and Vitaderm and leading professional skin care range.