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Il suo repertorio spazia da brani di musica celtica a quelli gospel, anche se è stata la dance a decretare il suo successo, con circa 4 milioni di copie vendute in tutto il mondo.

Biografia

Gli inizi
Nata il 15 agosto a Rivoli, nella provincia di Torino, Agnese si appassiona alla musica sin da piccola, iniziando a suonare il pianoforte alla tenera età di 6 - 7 anni, proseguendone lo studio fino ai 15 anni di età, quando decide di iscriversi a scuola di canto. Inizia così a entrare a far parte di gruppi jazz e gospel, esibendosi in vari locali della sua città.

L'esordio discografico
Nell'estate del 1996 Agnese viene contattata dal produttore Alex Bagnoli (conosciuto anche come Timmyti), come turnista per cantare un brano inedito intitolato "Find Me" (brano che mai verrà pubblicato). Da questo primo incontro, Bagnoli decide di metterla sotto contratto. Successivamente per la scelta d'un nome d'arte da utilizzare, compilano assieme una lista di nomi tra i quali apparirà il nome scelto: "Neja". Nel dicembre dello stesso anno 1996 dalla collaborazione tra i due nasce il primo singolo di Neja, Hallo, che uscirà nei primi mesi del 1997 su etichetta New Music International. La canzone appartiene al genere dance, decretando quindi un netto passaggio di stile per l'artista che, fino ad allora, aveva cantato esclusivamente musica gospel e jazz. Il brano ottiene un successo discreto, passando su emittenti come Discoradio e Radio Italia Network.

1998: L'arrivo del successo

A febbraio del 1998 esce il singolo Restless (il 14 dello stesso mese debutta in radio sui Los Cuarenta di Radio Italia Network); il brano, dopo qualche mese dalla sua pubblicazione, con il suo ritornello "I don't know why, we're so restless..." diventa il tormentone estivo del 1998. Nel settembre dello stesso anno è la volta di Shock!, e anche con questo singolo Neja raggiungerà la vetta delle classifiche dance italiane. Sia per Restless che per Shock! vengono creati i relativi videoclip (il primo dei quali diretto da Francesco Fei), che le permetteranno di conquistare anche la vetta della Dance Floor Chart su MTV Italia.
Alla fine del 1998 con i singoli Restless e Shock! Neja riesce a conquistare la vetta di diverse classifiche dance riepilogative dell'intero anno.

1999: La vittoria ad Un Disco Per L'Estate e la partecipazione al Festivalbar
Alla fine del mese di aprile del 1999 arriva The Game, la canzone che confermerà Neja come artista a livello internazionale: grazie a The Game, infatti, l'artista vince Un disco per l'estate ed è presente in ogni tappa del Festivalbar. Inoltre inizia una tournée promozionale organizzata in Giappone.

Il primo album The Game
I riscontri di vendite ottenuti con The Game permettono a Neja, sempre prodotta da Alex Bagnoli, di realizzare il suo primo album, dall'omonimo titolo The Game, che viene alla luce nel mese di maggio del 1999.
Il risultato è un album in grado di evolversi dalla dance di Restless, Shock!, The Game e Gimme The Sun al puro pop di Fairytale e Mum's day, sino all'R&B di U gotta have this feeling. L'album termina con "Hallo '99, il suo primo pezzo svestito dell'anima dance ed esibito in una versione totalmente acustica con pianoforte e voce decisamente più dolce.
L'intero album è ispirato da temi che coinvolgono personalmente Neja quali l'amore, la speranza, i rapporti con i genitori, il suo rapporto con Dio e la nascita del nipote Andrea. Contiene inoltre un cd-rom interattivo in cui si può vedere un'intervista dell'artista, fotografie ed i relativi videoclips che hanno reso celebri i suoi pezzi.

L'arrivo del nuovo millennio: Fairytale e Mum's Day

Con l'arrivo del terzo millennio Alex Bagnoli arrangia una versione dance del brano Fairytale, che diventa il nuovo singolo di Neja, accompagnato da un videoclip prodotto in Germania dalla Universal Music.
Nel frattempo, in Spagna, esce come singolo Mum's day (contenuto anch'esso nell'album The Game), brano che viene selezionato come colonna sonora di un noto marchio automobilistico.

Ritmi estivi e latineggianti con Singin' Nanana
Nell'estate 2000 è la volta di Singin' Nanana, un brano che spazia tra il ritmo del pop, del latino americano e del reggaeton.
Con questo singolo Neja si ripresenta alla manifestazione estiva Festivalbar esibendosi nelle puntate di Firenze e Capoliveri, e riesce a scalare le classifiche pop, grazie alle tante versioni remix tutte prodotte da Alex Bagnoli.
Infine viene anche realizzata una versione registrata live in studio con l'aggiunta di bonghi e trombe. In quel periodo Neja era fidanzata con il vocalist del gruppo Eiffel 65, Jeffrey Jey.

Time Flies: sonorità Italo dance
Alla fine del mese di marzo del 2001 arriva Time Flies, con la quale Neja si lancia nel pieno delle sonorità della Italo dance a una velocità di 136 bpm e con una cassa decisamente più potente. Il brano ottiene un notevole successo nella primavera e nell'estate 2001 in tutte le radio e discoteche italiane e spagnole, arrivando anche nelle posizioni più alte delle classifiche dance.

Il passaggio alle sonorità house con Back 4 The Morning, Looking 4 Something e Hot Stuff
Ad agosto del 2001 esce il singolo Back 4 the morning, un brano che varca la soglia tra la pop-dance e la house. L'E.P. contiene la versione originale nel formato radio ed extended, una versione Italo dance curata da Dj Koo Teeto (pseudo usato sovente per scherzo dallo stesso produttore Alex Bagnoli) ed un medley dei suoi grandi successi registrato dal vivo con la chitarra: la dance cede il posto alle melodie dolci della chitarra ed escono le sue vere radici jazz. Il singolo viene presentato direttamente a Radio Dimensione Suono. La promozione del disco arriva sino a New York, Boston e Texas.
Nel frattempo Neja sempre sotto le ali del produttore Alex Bagnoli passa alla casa discografica Universal Music, e nell'aprile del 2002 è pronta a tornare a far ballare le dancefloor con Looking 4 Something, pezzo che segue le sonorità del singolo precedente, e che viene presentato per l'occasione al Futureshow di Bologna in diversi circuiti radio: Radio Deejay, Rtl, Tam Tam Network, Discoradio e Radio Italia Network. Partecipa al Girofestival, apparizioni sul All Music e tre puntate del Festivalbar. Stesse sonorità per Hot Stuff, singolo uscito nel mese di dicembre del 2002.

Il secondo Album: Hot Stuff
Dopo l'uscita del singolo Hot Stuff, inizia a lavorare con Alex Bagnoli all'omonimo e secondo album, che vede la luce nel giugno del 2003. Nonostante vi sia stato inizialmente un alleggerimento di sonorità, l'album è più dance rispetto al precedente, ma si chiude con "Saturday", un brano R&B che si avvicina alle sonorità della musica black. L'album, uscito su Universal Music, è stato stampato in edizione limitata.

Secondo semestre 2003: La laurea in Lingue e Letterature Straniere e la collaborazione con Alex Farolfi: To The Music
Alla fine dell'estate 2003 Agnese consegue la laurea in Lingue e Letterature Straniere a Torino. Subito dopo le viene proposta una collaborazione con un dj e produttore affermato, Alex Farolfi di Radio Deejay, collaborazione alla quale accetta di partecipare. Neja non cambia produzione artistica, essendo legatissima ad Alex Bagnoli, con il quale ha condiviso tutti i successi ottenuti. Il singolo che nasce da questo grande incontro è To the music, e rientra in pieno nel genere disco house.

Testimonial in India nel 2004
Ad aprile si esibisce a Bombay e Calcutta in occasione di due spettacoli organizzati da una nota marca di abbigliamento. Ma il 2004 non è un anno di silenzio discografico tanto che assieme ad un chitarrista, Alessandro Giorgetta, incide "First Flight". Questo breve cd contiene 5 brani registrati in studio in presa diretta con chitarra e voce e segna la dimostrazione del suo amore nei confronti della musica Jazz. I brani sono: "Night and day", "Nearness of you", "Summertime", "E lucean le stelle" e "Billie Jean".

Inverno 2005 - 2006: Who's Gonna Be? - L'addio di Alex Bagnoli
Nel 2005 l'artista si confronta con il reggaeton pubblicando Who's gonna be? tramite l'etichetta indipendente Melodica: il singolo viene presentato in 6 versioni (pop, reggaeton, elettronica, dance, rock, R&B). Il brano parla dell'amore attraverso le chat line. Grazie a questo singolo, Neja torna anche sul piccolo schermo con un nuovo video, creato con la partecipazione di molti ragazzi del forum del suo sito. Dopo la pubblicazione di Who's gonna be? Alex Bagnoli decide di interrompere definitivamente la produzione artistica di Neja. Questo pur avendo realizzato un intero album di canzoni nuove, rimaste ancor oggi inedite.

2007: Catwalk, sonorità electro
Grazie ad una collaborazione con il dj francese Benjamin Braxton e il produttore italiano Ivan Russo, già realizzatore del progetto Ilona Mitrecey, durante l'estate del 2007 vede la luce Catwalk, singolo dalle sonorità electro dance uscito tramite la Atollo Records: il brano racconta delle sensazioni che una modella prova sfilando in passerella con tutti gli occhi addosso. Per l'occasione è stato girato anche un video ad Ischia e il lato b del singolo è un club mix.

2008: la svolta acustica
Poco prima dell'estate 2008 Neja presenta l'album Acousticlub, un cd di 10 tracce che contiene rivisitazioni di noti successi internazionali come Sweet dreams degli Eurythmics, I'll fly for you degli Spandau Ballet, Sleeping Satellite di Tasmin Archer, Man in the mirror di Michael Jackson, You don't understand me, Do ya think I'm sexy rielaborati in chiave jazz e pop. L'arrangiamento è ricco di strumenti acustici, quali contrabbasso, pianoforte, percussioni, arpa, fiati e chitarra.

All'inizio del 2009 Neja propone un altro album acustico dal titolo 133 Sushiclub Vol. I.

Estate 2009: il ritorno alla dance
Dopo qualche mese esce il nuovo singolo dance Loving You, realizzato con due dj producer torinesi, Peter Damir e Gianluca Argante, autori della base che accompagna il brano, mentre Neja è autrice della parte vocale. Il brano fa da sottofondo sonoro allo spot di Coconuda.
Alla fine del 2009 è la volta di Sorry, canzone realizzata dai dj producer Lanfranchi e Farina.

2010 e 2011: album acustici e singoli dance

Il 28 gennaio 2010 ha anche partecipato ad una puntata del programma televisivo Matricole & Meteore. Nello stesso anno esce un album di inediti che si scostano dalla strada dance e presentano la cantante completamente unplugged: 133 Sushiclub Vol II.
Nel dicembre 2011 esce un album live di cover acustiche 133 Sushiclub Live Vol II e, separatamente, il nuovo singolo Walking on a dream scelto ancora una volta come colonna sonora per gli spot del marchio di abbigliamento Coconuda. La stessa cantante appare in uno spot di Coconuda.

2012: il nuovo singolo estivo
Il 25 maggio viene pubblicato il nuovo singolo "Sun Has Come Again", singolo dalle sonorità elettro-dance, scritto dal performer Paolo Tuci e co-prodotto in collaborazione con il producer italo-belga Dj Sal.

2016: The Voice of Italy
Il 9 marzo 2016 partecipa al talent show di Rai 2 The Voice of Italy cantando durante le Blind Audition la propria canzone Restless venendo scelta da Raffaella Carrà e Dolcenera, scegliendo poi di far parte della squadra di quest'ultima.
Il 6 aprile 2016, dopo la prima Battle, viene eliminata dalla competizione.

2017: Il ritorno alla musica Dance
Nel marzo 2017 Neja torna alla musica con l'uscita di due nuovi singoli: il primo di genere soft pop dal titolo Brother, uscito il 18 aprile. Il 9 giugno esce il nuovo singolo dance dal titolo Take Me to the Club, con sonorità dance anni novanta, che la fanno tornare in classifica dove raggiunge la terza posizione degli album dance più venduti su iTunes. Entrambi i singoli sono accompagnati anche da un videoclip.

2018: Fruits of the Loop
Nel 2018 Neja, creditata con il suo vero nome Agnese Cacciola, partecipa ad un progetto formando un duo, con il chitarrista Andrea Mignone, chiamato "Fruits of the Loop" in cui lei è la voce. Le esibizioni dal vivo di questo duo consistono in cover di canzoni famose a livello mondiale rivisitate in genere Live Looping Acoustic Pop.

2019: I'm Calling You
Nell'Aprile 2019 Neja torna ancora una volta alla dance con il nuovo singolo scritto a quattro mani con il compositore Massimo Zanotti, e il nuovo videoclip, "I'm Calling You" realizzato dal regista Umberto Soldà.
La canzone è anche la colonna sonora dello spot Batarà che ha diversi passaggi durante il Sanremo di quell'anno.

2019 : And I go
E' un singolo scritto insieme al producer e Dj Maxwell ed entra a far parte dell'album "Back to the feat" in cui partecipano i piu' grandi esponenti della dance '90 come Nat from the Soundlovers, Haiduci, Kim Lukas, Jeffrey degli Eiffel 65...

2021: Desert Town e I'm alive
Dopo la pausa forzata dovuta al covid, Neja scrive due brani che riassumono il suo vissato durante il lungo lockdown : il primo "Desert Town" descrive la desolazione delle città, svuotate di tutto...anche di prospettive future. Questo brano è realizzato insieme ai dj e producers Gianluca Argante e Peter Wag, con cui aveva già realizzato il singolo "Loving you". Il secondo più solare e positivo "I'm alive" viene realizzato insieme a Watt & Jack ed esprime il desiderio di riscatto e la voglia di vita dopo l'esperienza della pandemia. 2021 : A Christmas with love
Altro brano natalizio, questa volta inedito , realizzato insieme alla squadra vincente dell'anno prima e prodotta da Dj Maxwell

 2021: Smalltown boy
Cover del famoso brano dei Bronski Beat, realizzato insieme alla calda voce di Carl Fanini e distribuito dalla Distar di Mauro Pagany

 2022 : Dance all night
L'estate 2022 inizia con questo brano un pò funky realizzato sempre insieme a Dj MAxwell e prodotto da Libertino Gallo, un producer belga

 2022: The Beauty
A Natale esce questo singolo realizzato insieme ad Andrea Fresu e arricchito dalle chitarre di Osvaldo Lo Iacono e distribuito dalla Sony. Scritto per promuovere la mission dell'associazione "SOS Villaggio dei bambini" che si occupa dei bambini abbandonati in 138 paesi nel mondo. Viene presentato per la prima volta durante una puntata di Telethon.

Discografia
 Album
1999 - The Game (BGM Ricordi/New Music International)
2003 - Hot Stuff (Universal)
2008 - AcoustiClub (Exclaim Productions/Self Distribuzione)
2009 - 133SushiClub vol. I - NEJA Evolution (133ART/The Saifam Group)
2010 - 133SushiClub vol. II - NEJA (133ART/The Saifam Group)
2011 - 133SushiClub vol. III - NEJA with FBI Band2013 - 133SushiClub vol. IV - NEJA VU (Irma Records)

 EP
2004 - First Flight Singoli
1997 - Hello1998 - Only You (Neja presta la voce al progetto 2 The Soul)
1998 - Restless1998 - Shock!1999 - The Game2000 - Fairytale2000 - Singin' Nanana2000 - Mum's Day (solo in Spagna)
2001 - Time Flies2001 - Back 4 the Morning2002 - Looking 4 Something2003 - Hot Stuff2003 - To the Music2005 - Who's Gonna Be?2007 - Catwalk  (Benjamin Braxton & Neja)
2008 - Sweet Dreams
2009 - Loving You (WAG011 feat. Neja)
2010 - Sorry (Lanfranchi e Farina feat. Neja)
2011 - Walking on a dream (O2 feat. Neja)
2012 - Sun has come again (Neja feat. Regina Miami)
2012 - Good Friend (Neja vs Yago vs Alexanna)
2013 - The Role of Love2015 - American Boy (Ely Bruna feat. Neja)
2015 - Just Be Good To Me (Samuele Sartini & ESquire feat. Neja)
2016 - All I want is you (Chunkybiz feat. Neja)
2016 - Burn (Alex Kenji, Samuele Sartini feat. Neja)
2016 - Pater noster
2016 - Under your wings
2017 - The Role Of Love Remixes2017 - Brother2017 - Take Me To The Club (Deeper Ft. Neja)
2018 - Walking On A Dream (O2 & Neja)
2018 - If it's love (Deeper feat. Neja)
2018 - No more chance (The Encore feat. Neja)
2018 - American Boy (Ely Bruna feat. Neja)
2018 - This is Your Life
2019 - I'm Calling You2019 - And I go  (DJ Jump feat. Neja)
2020 - Lamour Toujours - DJ Jump e Roby Giordana di Gigi D'AGOSTINO feat Kim Lukas, Nathalie Aarts, Ann Lee, Neja, Emanele Caponetto from Mania 90, Haiducii, Kronos, Dj Maxwell, Regina, Luca Zeta, Rebh,     Jack Mazzoni, Lady Hellen, M-Violet, Dj Samuel Kimkò, Karol Diac, Brothers, Luca B1 Piazzon.
2021 - I'm Alive (Watt & Jack feat. Neja)
2021 - Desert Town (Argh feat. Wag feat. Neja)
2021 - Smalltown Boy (Neja feat. Carl Farini, Roby Arduini & Pagany)
2021 - A Christmas with Love (come membro della Dance Legacy)
2022 - Dance All Night
2022 - The Beauty

Videografia
1998 - Restless1998 - Shock!1999 - The Game2000 - Fairytale 2001 - Time Flies2005 - Who's Gonna Be?2007 - Catwalk2010 - Loving You 2013 - The Role of Love2017 - Brother2017 - Take me to the club2018 - Walking on a dream (Lyrics video)
2018 - If it's love (Lyrics video)
2019 - I'm calling you  (regia Umberto Soldà @soldaout)
2019 - And I go (Lyrics video)
2021 - I'm alive (Lyrics video)
2021 - A Christmas with love
2022 - The beauty (Lyrics video)

 Brani entrati in classifica

 Pubblicità Coconuda'' (2012)

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
 Sito ufficiale
 Fruits of the Loop Pagina Facebook

Neja
Neja
Neja

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Mirage News
Mirage News Politics	August 7, 2019 10:55 am AEST Date Time
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Spoilbank Marina design expanded to include four-lane boat ramp
Four lane boat ramp now part of Port Hedland Spoilbank Marina design
McGowan Government responds to strong community support for high capacity ramp
Election commitment to implement the Plan for the Pilbara well underway
The McGowan Government today announced the Port Hedland Spoilbank Marina design will include a four lane boat ramp, doubling the original size of the boat launching facility, following strong community feedback.
Feedback from boat users and the Port Hedland community has seen the original two-lane ramp replaced with a four-lane option which will greatly improve the safety of launching and retrieval operations, particularly in peak periods.
Input from the project Community Reference Group in July along with insights from international marina design expert Jack Cox, who has been engaged to work on the entrance design, have significantly advanced concepts for the marina.
The Department of Transport's call for registrations of interest in boat pens at the marina has also been well received with 20 registrations formally lodged.
Additional to the pens and boat ramp the marina will include two breakwaters and internal revetment walls and an access channel separating marina traffic from shipping activity.
There will also be public open recreational space and improved public access, parking, toilet facilities and areas for pop-up stalls.
Visit http://www.transport.wa.gov.au/phmarina to see the concepts and get more information about the project.
As stated by Premier Mark McGowan:
"The Spoilbank Marina is an important project for the Pilbara community and my Government is committed to delivering it.
"The project will inject economic activity into the region, creating local jobs in the local Port Hedland economy.
"This is a key part of our Plan for the Pilbara, providing support to ensure Port Hedland continue to grow into the future."
As stated by Regional Development and Ports Minister Alannah MacTiernan:
"The important work of the Community Reference Group, together with the knowledge of the international and domestic experts engaged, means we are closer to a detailed design that maximises the functionality and safety of the marina.
"A four-lane boat ramp will benefit local and visiting boat owners with enhanced safety and ease congestion at busy times.
"The ongoing collection of tide, wave and other data will inform decision making as the project moves forward.
"An increased harbour basin in the latest concept means long term capacity for up to 80 boat pens at the marina and the registrations received to date will guide the number and size of pens to be delivered in the initial construction project."
As stated by Pilbara MLA Kevin Michel:
"A key part of my role as the Member for the Pilbara is to make sure the community's voice is heard on important projects.
"I'm very happy that the Government has taken on board community feedback and decided to expand the boat ramp from two ramps to four.
"This will make a big difference to the final design of the marina and make sure Port Hedland residents receive a waterfront amenity that suits the needs of all the community."
Tags:Australia, boat, Economy, Government, import, jobs, launch, operation, Port Hedland, Premier, project, space, the Entrance, visit, voice, Water, Western Australia
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Surprising Europe - Home Sweet Home
Society / money, living, europe, italy, african, visit, biggest, parents, grown
If you are living between continents, it is hard to choose in which one you want to grow old. Many African migrants in Europe deal with this dilemma on a daily basis. But despite poverty and misery some decide to go back home.Evariste from Burkina Faso worked as a fruit picker in Italy, but got fed up with the cold weather, discrimination and insecurity. After five years, he decided that he had had enough and returned home, where he opened a fitness studio. He now also leads a discussion group where he advises young people about living in Europe. But they can hardly believe his stories.Singer Annie has a Liberian background, but was born in Italy. With her boyfriend, she forms the duo PepeSoup, and they mix African rhythms with European tunes. Annie's biggest wish is to visit the place where her parents were born in Liberia, and to contribute to the country.Binata from Senegal is ashamed that she has to make money braiding hair on a Spanish beach, while she is a trained accountant. She would love to go back home.Our reporter Ssuuna Golooba goes back to Uganda from the Netherlands only to find that returning home can be as complex as leaving when your family has grown used to the money being sent to them.
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text:
Real Life with Ryuei
Dharma Flower
Dharma talks and essays
Nichiren
Kaimoku Sho
Kanjin Honzon Sho
Rissho Ankoku Ron
Senji Sho
Practice Instruction
Shakyamuni Buddha
Buddha's Biography
Buddha's Teachings
Karma and Rebirth
The Buddha's Last Meal
June 30, 2010 ryuei 6 comments
The next stop on the Buddha's final journey was the mango grove belonging to Chunda the smith near the village of Pava. It was there that Chunda served the Buddha his last meal. This meal included something called sukara-maddava, which can be translated as either "soft pork" or as "pig's delight." No one knows for sure what this was. It might have been pork, because the Buddha allowed monastics to accept meat as long as it was not seen, heard, nor suspected that an animal had been killed for their sake. On the other hand, it might have been a type of mushroom that pig's also liked to eat. In any case, the Buddha tried some of this and sensed that something was wrong.
Then the Lord said to Chunda: "Whatever is left over of the "pig's delight" you should bury in a pit, because, Chunda, I can see none in this world with its gods, devils, and Brahmas, in this generation with its ascetics and brahmins, its princes and people who, if they were to eat it, could thoroughly digest it except the Tathagata." (Ibid, pp. 256-257)
The grim irony here is that this would be the Buddha's last meal, and as we shall see even he was not able to digest it. It has long been thought that the Buddha was a victim of food poisoning. If sakara-maddava was pork, then the pork was bad; if it was a mushroom dish, then poison mushrooms had been served by mistake. However, Dr. Mettanando Bhikkhu has argued that it was not food poisoning after all, but rather a condition known as mesenteric infarction that was what killed the Buddha. As mentioned before, this is a condition brought on by old age in which the artery that supplies blood to the small intestines is blocked. This causes an infarction or gangrene of the intestinal wall or mesentery. Mesenteric infarction is fatal if untreated by surgery. The Buddha's severe abdominal pains or angina during the rainy season retreat in Beluva signaled the onset of this condition. During his meal at the home of Chunda the Buddha suffered a second angina attack and at first thought the sukara-maddava was responsible. Food poisoning, however, would not be felt until at least a couple of hours after the meal and not immediately. After the meal was finished the Buddha gave a Dharma talk to his host and then took his leave. That is when other more severe symptoms occurred, and the Buddha realized that this was no mere food poisoning.
After having eaten the meal provided by Chunda, the Lord was attacked by a severe sickness with bloody diarrhea, and with sharp pains as if he were about to die. But he endured all this mindfully and clearly aware, and without complaint. Then the Lord said: "Ananda, let us go to Kushinagara." "Very good, Lord," said Ananda.
Then turning aside from the road, the Lord went to the foot of a tree and said: "Come Ananda, fold a robe in four for me: I am tired and want to sit down." "Very good, Lord," said Ananda, and did so.
Then the Lord sat down on the prepared seat and said: "Ananda, bring me some water: I am thirsty and want to drink." Ananda replied: "Lord, five hundred carts have passed this way. The water is churned up by their wheels and is not good. It is dirty and disturbed. But, Lord, the River Kakuttha nearby has clean water, pleasant, cool, pure, with beautiful banks, delightful. There the Lord shall drink the water and cool his limbs."
A second time the Lord said: "Ananda, bring me some water…" And Ananda replied as before.
A third time the Lord said: "Ananda, bring me some water: I am thirsty and want to drink." "Very good, Lord," said Ananda and, taking his bowl, he went to the stream. And that stream whose water had been churned up by the wheels and was not good, dirty and disturbed, as Ananda approached it began to flow pure, bright, and unsullied.
And the Venerable Ananda thought: "Wonderful, marvelous are the Tathagata's great and mighty powers! This water was churned up by wheels…, and at my approach it flows pure, bright, and unsullied!" He took water in his bowl, brought it to the Lord and told him of his thought, saying: "May the Lord drink the water, may the Well Farer drink!" And the Lord drank the water. (Ibid, pp. 257-258)
So here we have three symptoms in immediate succession: bloody diarrhea, dehydration, and shock from blood loss that prevented the Buddha from continuing on to the river where there was cleaner water. Dr. Mettanando Bhikkhu points out that these symptoms would be consistent not with food poisoning but with mesenteric infarction.
One might also read this story about the purification of the water in a more metaphorical way. The muddy churned up stream could be compared to the ways the stream of our consciousness is usually churned up and muddy. Ananda looks forward to arriving at purity in another place and time, and does not have the confidence or patience to take the water from the stream at hand, in other words to find purity within his own consciousness. Ananda is not yet an arhat. So for him, the purity of his own consciousness is not something he has awakened to. The Buddha, however, keeps directing Ananda back to the stream at hand, and of course the stream eventually does clear up. If Ananda had sat by the stream long enough without interfering, clearly observing and mindful, he would have witnessed its growing calmness and clarity. As it is, Ananda attributed the stream's purity to the Buddha's miraculous power. But it is not the Buddha as an outside entity, it is the miraculous power of Buddhist practice that enables us to sit still with our minds until the churning of consciousness subsides and peace and clarity are restored.
At that time, Pukkusa the Malla, a former student of the late meditation teacher Alara Kalama, happened upon the Buddha and Ananda. After a conversation in which Pukkusa was duly impressed by the Buddha's ability to transcend all noise and distractions through meditative absorption he offered golden robes to the Buddha and Ananda.
Soon after Pukkusa had gone, Ananda, having arranged one set of the golden robes on the body of the Lord, observed that against the Lord's body it appeared dulled. And he said: "It is wonderful, Lord, it is marvelous how clear and bright the Lord's skin appears! It looks even brighter than the golden robes in which it is clothed." "Just so, Ananda. There are two occasions on which the Tathagata's skin appears especially clear and bright. Which are they? One is the night in which the Tathagata gains supreme enlightenment; the other is the night when he attains the nirvana without remainder at his final passing. On these two occasions the Tathagata's skin appears especially clean and bright.
"Tonight, Ananda, in the last watch, in the sal grove of the Mallas near Kushinagara, between two sal trees, the Tathagata's final passing will take place. And now, Ananda, let us go to the River Kakuttha." "Very good, Lord," said Ananda.
Then the Lord went with a large number of monks to the River Kakuttaha. He entered the water, bathed and drank, and, emerging, went to the mango grove, where he said to the Venerable Chundaka: "Come Chundaka, fold a robe in four for me. I am tired and want to lie down." "Very good, Lord," said Chundaka, and did so.
Then the Lord adopted the lion posture, lying on his right side, placing one foot on the other, mindfully and with clear awareness bearing in mind the time of awakening. And the Venerable Chundaka sat down in front of the Lord. (Ibid, pp. 260-261)
Dr. Mettanando Bhikkhu points out that the Buddha would not have been in any state to walk, and that most likely the monks had to carry him until he finally arrived in Kushinagara. That he needed to lie down and to be covered with a folded robe would make sense, considering that the Buddha was in shock from loss of blood due to internal bleeding and would most likely have felt very cold. Despite is great physical distress however, the Buddha remained mindful and clearly aware and as noted above, did not complain. The Buddha faced his death with great peace of mind, dignity, and acceptance. In fact, as we shall see, he showed great concern for the people around him right until the very end. How the Buddha faced his own death is in itself a great inspiration.
One of the people the Buddha was concerned about was Chunda, who had served the Buddha his last meal. The Buddha knew that the sukara-maddava could not be at fault for his condition, and even if it had been there would have been no reason to blame Chunda. Rather than blame, Chunda should be honored for having been able to serve the Buddha's last meal. Though on his deathbed and in great pain, the Buddha instructed Ananda regarding Chunda, so that the smith would not blame himself for the Buddha's death.
Then the Lord, said to the Venerable Ananda: "It might happen, Ananda, that Chunda the smith should feel remorse, thinking: 'It is your fault, friend Chunda, it is by your misdeed that the Tathagata gained final nirvana after taking his last meal from you!' But Chunda's remorse should be expelled in this way: 'That is your merit, Chunda, that is your good deed, that the Tathagata gained final nirvana after taking his last meal from you! For, friend Chunda, I have heard and understood from the Lord's own lips that these two alms offerings are of very great fruit, of very great result, more fruitful and advantageous than any other. Which two? The one is the alms offering after eating which the Tathagata attains supreme enlightenment, the other that after which he attains the nirvana without remainder at his final passing. These two alms offerings are more fruitful and profitable than all others. Chunda's deed is conducive to long life, to good looks, to happiness, to fame, to heaven and to lordship." In this way, Ananda, Chunda's remorse is to be expelled." (Ibid, p. 261)
Buddha's Biography, Shakyamuni Buddha none
#1 | Written by Orlando Martinez about 9 years ago.
Thank you for posting. I've heard a couple of stories about what hastened Sakhyamunis Mahaparinirvana. And they all seemed, however honest in approach, tinged with an emotional investment; often at the sufferance of what I suspect(perhaps my own emotional investment?) were the actual, prosaic circumstances as put forth by this article. Thanks
#2 | Written by nizamhm1944 about 6 years ago.
I like to publish a research of a Buddhist Monk for the reason of the death was not due to the Last Meal of Lord Buddha.
http://www.budsas.org/ebud/ebdha192.htm
#3 | Written by Shafiqul Abedin about 5 years ago.
I love Buddha and his thinking. We need one more like him. Shafi
Buddha is GREAT.
#5 | Written by Abhikrant bharude about 4 years ago.
Buddha is very nice
We need u again
Not like u
But we want u
U r great very very great
#6 | Written by sudarshana about 4 years ago.
"sookara maddawa" isn't soft pork its cooked by some kind of mushroom which is grow up on pig-dung
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text:
Still Time to Share?
BY ERIK J. MARTIN ON SEPTEMBER 14TH, 2017
Netflix brought an end to video rental stores. Uber is threatening to make taxi cabs obsolete. And Airbnb is doing more than preventing hotel managers from sleeping peacefully – it's also got those who own and sell timeshares in a tizzy.
After all, who would want to commit to a timeshare – a lease or joint ownership of vacation property by multiple parties who take turns residing in the property for brief periods – when they can turn to a simpler short-term vacation rental option like VRBO, FlipKey, HomeAway and other services that allow everyday folks to rent out their owned properties?
Actually, more than you'd think. Based on fresh data from the American Resort Development Association (ARDA) International Foundation, the American timeshare industry marked its seventh consecutive year of growth in 2016, with sales volume increasing by almost 7 percent to $9.2 billion, up from $8.6 billion; around 6.9 percent of U.S. households own at least one type of a shared vacation ownership product, including timeshare weeks, points or fractional.
Yet property rentals through home sharing services are on the rise, too. Consider there are approximately 640,000 Airbnb hosts, and home sharing rentals increased by 51 percent (57 percent among Millennials) between the summer of 2015 and 2016 – with total spending growing 41 percent and total transactions rising 55 percent year over year, according to consumer spending aggregated from Bank of America's more than 40 million credit and debit accounts.
Which is the more financially prudent way to vacation and potentially profit? That depends on your goals and budget, the experts say.
"In many cases, timeshares can still be the most affordable way to take a vacation if you want to return to the same place every year, or if you find the timeshare network you're buying into has enough selection to keep you happy," says John Banczak, co-founder/chair of TurnKey Vacation Rentals in Austin, Texas.
Short-term rentals, on the other hand, "give vacationers the freedom to travel to new locations and provide more options in property types, sizes, geographic locations and amenities," says Rob Stephens, general manager for Avalara MyLodgeTax, Centennial, Colo., a provider of tax compliance solutions for the vacation rental industry. He says this option offers more flexibility without being contractually committed to a timeshare.
That's an apples-to-apples comparison when you're deciding between renting a vacation home vs. buying a timeshare. But what about purchasing a vacation home vs. buying a timeshare?
"Buying a vacation home is usually a larger financial endeavor, but it is truly a long-term investment. You can earn income from renting it out, and potentially enjoy price appreciation," Banczak says. "Buying a timeshare is simply paying in advance for future vacations."
To determine which option is best for you, research units you can book on sites like Airbnb and VRBO that are comparable to the timeshare you're considering. If you think it'll be less expensive over a 10-year period to rent each year instead of purchase, short-term rentals are probably the way to go.
"If you think a timeshare will be less expensive, be absolutely sure you're comfortable with the property and the timeshare network, because you will be stuck with it for better or worse," Banczak says.
Sabrina Robinson, real estate investor/consultant at Property-Maven.com, San Francisco, insists the money you'd spend on a timeshare can be put to better use as a down payment on a second home – one that can build equity and pay for itself by being rented out via a home sharing service.
"But first you'll have to figure out what the demand is in the area you're interested in, if rental prices will cover your expenses, who will manage the home and the rental bookings, and if the municipality will allow you to rent out your home without charging exorbitant fees for a vacation rental permit," Robinson says.
Michael Joseph, CEO/co-founder of Boulder, Colo.-headquartered InvitedHome, also believes this is a better investment than opting for a timeshare.
"I expect vacation home ownership to eclipse timeshares as the favored type of vacation ownership within 10 years," he says. "Millennials, who make up the majority of today's homebuyers, love the sharing economy, and most vacation home buyers are factoring intent-to-rent into their purchase decisions."
Copyright © CTW Features


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Today's official launch of Gig.U, a consortium of universities to facilitate next-generation community broadband opportunities, has tremendous potential. John Markoff has a story about the launch in today's New York Times. Here's why I'm hopeful for this project.
Broadband is the infrastructure of the 21st century. Easy to say, hard to fully appreciate. It's especially difficulty to envision broadband scenarios different than the ones we're used to: commercial access providers like phone and cable companies giving us multi-megabit connections for fast web browsing and media streaming. That limits the scope of innovation, especially the innovations with the most social and business impact. It also feeds into the policy gridlock. We're still playing out a set of regulatory debates that started a decade ago, when Google was still private and Facebook didn't exist. In a sector this fast-moving, how can the landscape of 2001 possibly describe the world of 2021, let alone 2011?
So we need to get out of the box of current thinking. It's next to impossible to do that without examples of different models. The trouble is that alternative broadband approaches and creative applications that take advantage of ultra-fast connectivity have largely been stifled in the U.S. There are many reasons for this. Whichever one focuses on, we're going to have a hard time leading the next wave of broadband innovation without vibrant experimentation outside the mainstream service offerings.
That's where Gig.U comes in. These major research universities have extremely high-speed connectivity for their research and education networks. With a few notable exceptions, universities have focused inwardly on using those capabilities for scientific experiments and related activities. Gig.U will look to use the universities as community anchors for innovative ulta-highspeed broadband opportunities in the surrounding areas. There are a few other programs with similar aims, such as Google's community fiber pilot in Kansas City and some of the "anchor institutions" that received funding from the BTOP broadband stimulus grant program. Gig.U is the first that brings together a critical mass of institutions to plan globally while acting locally. That's a cause for hope. Another is that the leader of the effort is my friend Blair Levin, an extraordinary public servant who spearheaded the FCC's National Broadband Plan and also has extensive experience as a financial analyst and business advisor.
I'm not currently involved with Gig.U, nor is my institution (the University of Pennsylvania). The project is just getting off the ground, and it has major challenges in reaching its goals. It's great to see effort going in this direction, though. Somehow, some way, we need to get out of the current broadband box. Broadband can be a catalyst for innovation, investment, job creation, community redevelopment, health care, transportation, education, and more. We understand the technology to deploy the next generation of broadband infrastructure. Now we need to understand what to do with it, and how best to get from here to there.
So we need to get out of the box of current thinking. It's next to impossible to do that without examples of different models. The trouble is that alternative broadband approaches and creative applications that take advantage of ultra-fast connectivity have largely been stifled in the U.S.
What's stifling it is a viable business model. Please don't blame the regulatory system, RBOCs, or MSOs. The reason that Google can do what they're doing in Kansas City is because it's not about making money, but because they have the money to subsidize it.
The universities aren't looking to make money either. They want to support research and their local communities. That's why this initiative has a chance.
I was under the impression that you were advocating this nationwide. But if you just mean university towns, then you've narrowed the scope and then it's just about finding the subsidies from our tax dollars or from the service provider to make that happen.
Read the links from my post about what Gig.U. is doing. It's a consortium of 28 universities. Again, I'm not doing it — I'm endorsing a recently-announced initiative.
Sounds good, but how does this differ from the Internet2 project, which has been around forever? You mention that there will be major challenges reaching the project's goals. What exactly are those goals? Thanks.
I can't speak for Gig.U. The project website, which I link to in my blog post, discusses the organization's goals.
As for Internet2, that's for the on-campus research and education networks. E.g., supporting scientists who need high-capacity links for physics research. This project includes universities that are part of Internet2. It's about leveraging those network assets off-campus, in the community.
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text:
\section{Introduction}

Since the solar surface heavy-element content has been revised downwards by
~\citet[AGS05]{ags05}, from $(Z/X)_{\odot}=0.0229$
\citep[GS98]{gs98} to $(Z/X)_{\odot}=0.0165$, the excellent agreement
between   standard   solar  model   (SSM)   predictions  and   helioseismology
determinations of the solar  structure \citep{model-S,bp00} has been seriously
compromised \citep{basu04,montalban,bs05}.
This discrepancy between models and
helioseismic  inferences  has prompted  a  number  of  authors to  revise  the
physical inputs of SSMs
\citep{montalban,basu04,bbps05,guzik06,jcd09}, and to question the revision of
the  solar  abundances,  particularly those  of  C,  N,  O,  Ne and  Ar  whose
fractional abundances cannot be determined from meteoritic samples
\citep{ab05,ab06,bbs05,dp06,ba08}.

Very recently, \citet[hereafter AGSS09]{agss09}  have done a complete revision
of the solar photospheric abundances  for nearly all elements, including a new
3D hydrodynamical solar atmosphere  model with improved radiative transfer and
opacities
\citep{tramp09}.  The predictions from this 3D model have been shown to agree
remarkably  well   with  various  observational   constraints,  including  the
atmospheric
thermal  structure  as  judged  from continuum  center-to-limb  variation  and
detailed line profile shapes
\citep{pereira09a,pereira09b}. The newly determined solar abundances lead to
$(Z/X)_{\odot}=0.0178$, higher than the AGS05 value but still well below older
determinations, e.g. GS98.

In  this Letter  we  present a  series  of new  SSM  calculations using  solar
compositions from  GS98, AGS05, and  the newly determined solar  abundances by
AGSS09.  All the  models incorporate new refinements in  the input physics, so
that models presented here with  the older compositions  (GS98 and AGS05)
represent   updated   versions    of   previous   solar   model   calculations
\citep{bs05}. For  each model, we compare our  results with helioseismological
determinations of solar properties and  also give the predicted solar neutrino
fluxes.  Additionally, and motivated by the new AGSS09 composition, we
determine  the factor  by which  radiative opacities  in the
solar  interior should  be  increased  to solve  the  solar abundance  problem
following the scheme presented by \citet{jcd09}.

\section{Calculations and Results} \label{sec:calc}

Solar  models in  this work  have  been computed  with a  modified version  of
GARSTEC \citep{garstec}  that uses the nuclear energy  generation routine {\em
  exportenergy.f}\footnote{Publicly                available                at
  http://www.sns.ias.edu/$\sim$jnb}.  Element diffusion  in the solar interior
is  included according  to \citet{tbl94}.   Radiative opacities  are  from the
Opacity
Project,    complemented    at    low    temperatures    with    those    from
\citet{lowt}. Specific  sets of opacities have  been computed for  each of the
solar compositions used in this paper (see below).
With respect to previous works,
e.g. \citet{bs05,montecarlo}, the changes in  the input physics are: a revised
version           of          the          OPAL           equation          of
state\footnote{http://adg.llnl.gov/Research/OPAL/EOS\_2005/.
OPAL  EOS  uses relative  metal  abundances  for C,  N,  O,  and  Ne close  to
\citet{gn93} and abundances of heavier elements are added to Ne. Differences in
relative abundances  of metals with  more recent solar  abundance compilations
have negligible influence  in the global properties of  solar models, provided
the correct overall metallicity is used \citep{gong01,opal01}.}  (EOS) that
corrects errors in the 2002  OPAL EOS tables from \citet{opal01} (our previous
choice), and  updated values of  two important nuclear  astrophysical factors,
S$_{34}$ \citep{s34} and S$_{1,14}$ \citep{s114}, the latest determinations by
the LUNA experiment.

We have  computed solar models  using three different basic  solar abundances.
Two models employ previous solar abundance
compilations  (GS98 and  AGS05) and  show  small differences  with respect  to
models with the same  abundances presented elsewhere, e.g.  \citet{bs05}. The
changes  originate from  the use  of the  updated EOS  and cross-sections for
nuclear reactions mentioned above. A  third SSM has been computed adopting the
new solar composition determined by AGSS09. The most important results in this
work are related to this model.  The choice  of the  abundance scale
(meteoritic or photospheric) deserves a short discussion.
While AGSS09  find the average difference between  photospheric and meteoritic
abundances  to be $0.00  \pm 0.04$~dex,  a few  elements relevant  to detailed
solar modeling  show comparable  or slightly larger  deviations. This  is the
case for Mg, Ca, and Fe for which differences between the two scales are 0.07,
0.05, and  0.05~dex respectively, photospheric values being  larger. Given the
historical  robustness and  higher  accuracy of  meteoritic determinations  of
abundance   ratios,  and   the  present   excellent  overall   agreement  with
photospheric  abundances,  we  adopt  for  AGSS09  meteoritic  abundances  for
refractory elements as the standard choice for our solar models. We also
investigate,   however,  the   use   of  adopting   the  photospheric   values
throughout. This is also
consistent with the  adoption of meteoritic scales in  previous works on solar
models  (e.g.  \citealp{bs05,montecarlo}). The  abundances  for the  different
solar compositions used  in this paper are given  in Table~\ref{tab:compo}, in
particular for those elements entering the calculation of radiative opacities.

Models have been  evolved from the pre-main sequence  to the present-day solar
system age,  $\tau_\odot=4.57~\mbox{Gyr}$\footnote{Detailed structure of solar
  models   at  $\tau_\odot$   presented  in   this  work   can  be   found  in
  http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/$\sim$aldos}. The main characteristics of the
models are listed in Table~\ref{tab:ssm}. The second and
third columns give  the present-day heavy elements to  hydrogen mass ratio and
the surface metallicity.   From the fourth to the  seventh columns we present
quantities
directly related to helioseismology: surface helium mass fraction $Y_{\rm
surf}$, depth of the convective zone
$R_{\rm CZ}/{\rm R_\odot}$, and the average rms difference between
model and solar sound speed and density profiles, $\left< \delta c/c \right>$
and $\left< \delta \rho/\rho \right>$ respectively.
Columns eighth and ninth give the central helium mass fraction $Y_{\rm c}$ and
metallicity $Z_{\rm c}$ at $\tau_\odot$.  Finally, the last three columns give
the initial composition of the models and the mixing length parameter.

Results for the  GS98 and AGS05 models are very similar  to those presented in
\citet{bs05}; the improved EOS leads to changes in the sound speed and density
profiles about  one order  of magnitude smaller  than the  differences between
solar  models and  helioseismic  inferences, while  changes  in nuclear  cross
sections only  affect predictions  for neutrino fluxes  that are  discussed in
detail below.  Helioseismically derived  values for $R_{\rm CZ}/{\rm R_\odot}$
and $Y_{\rm  surf}$ and are $0.713  \pm 0.001$ \citep{basu97}  and $0.2485 \pm
0.0035$  \citep{basu04}   respectively.   The  GS98   model  predicts  $R_{\rm
  CZ}/R_\odot$  with the right  value compared  to helioseismology,  while the
AGS05 model shows a 15$-\sigma$  discrepancy. For $Y_{\rm surf}$ the situation
is  analogous: GS98 value  differs from  the helioseismology  determination by
1.8-$\sigma$ while for AGS05 the discrepancy is 5.5-$\sigma$.

For the SSM that adopts the newly determined solar composition AGSS09,
$R_{\rm CZ}/{\rm  R_\odot}$ and $Y_{\rm surf}$
show some  improvements with  respect to the  AGS05 model, but
still far away from the helioseismology values by
11-$\sigma$ and 5-$\sigma$ respectively.  The slight increase in oxygen
abundance (0.03\,dex) and the larger  change in neon (0.09\,dex) contribute to
enhance
the opacity  below the convective  zone (CZ), deepening its inner boundary
and decreasing the mismatch with the  solar sound speed at the same time. This
is illustrated  in the top panel of  Figure~\ref{fig:cs} where  the relative
difference in sound speed is shown for the models considered in this work. The
peak in  the profile  of the sound  speed difference,  right below the  CZ, is
$\sim 1\%$  for the AGSS09 composition,  an improvement with  respect to AGS05
but  still significantly  higher than  that for  the GS98  model.  The overall
agreement with
the  solar sound  speed, as  derived by  inversions and  indicated  by $\left<
\delta c/c\right>$, is a factor of four times worse for the AGSS09 model than
for GS98. For the latter model, $\left< \delta c/c\right>$ is almost unchanged
compared to results from previous works. However,
a detailed comparison of the sound speed profiles shown in Figure~\ref{fig:cs}
with those  presented in \citet{bs05}  unveils some differences,  more evident
below  $R \approx 0.6$\,R$_\odot$.   These
changes are not related to the improved physics adopted in the new models, but
rather the result of using better  data for low-degree
($\ell \leq  3$) modes that  penetrate the solar core  (see \citealt{bisoniii}
for details). In the same figure, results for
density inversions are shown in the bottom panel. Again, the AGSS09 composition
leads  to an  improvement in  the agreement  with helioseismology  compared to
the  AGS05  model, but  still  far  from the  results  obtained  for the  GS98
composition.

As already  mentioned, meteoritic and photospheric abundances  in AGSS09 agree
with each other very well, but  a few elements show differences that could have
potential  impact  on  details  in  the solar  structure.   To  quantify  this
assertion,  we have  computed an  additional SSM  using only  the photospheric
abundances  given  in  AGSS09,  for  which  $(Z/X)_{\odot}=0.0181$.  The  main
characteristics of this model, identified as AGSS09ph, are given in the
last entry of  Table~\ref{tab:ssm}. Compared to the model  with the meteoritic
abundances, AGSS09ph performs somewhat better in terms of helioseismological
quantities  as  inferred  from  the  results summarized  in  the  table,  with
discrepancies with the measured depth of the CZ and surface helium abundance
of the order of 9-$\sigma$ and 4-$\sigma$ respectively.
The  sound speed  and density  profiles are shown  as dotted  lines in
Figure~\ref{fig:cs}.   The  changes  with   respect  to  our  standard  AGSS09
(meteoritic scale) model changes are
mostly due to the larger Mg  and Fe photospheric abundances (0.07 and 0.05~dex,
respectively) that enhance the
opacity  in  the  radiative  interior;  the  fractional  increase  in
opacity  is larger  than the  fractional increase  in the  overall metallicity
(note the largest improvement in the sound speed, for instance, occurs at
$R \approx 0.5$\,R$_\odot$, the region where the contribution of Mg to the
opacity is largest). Our results  show that adoption of the photospheric scale
gives  slight   improvements  in   the  solar  model   predictions.
However, since the uncertainties in the meteoritic abundances typically are
smaller than the corresponding ones for the photospheric determinations
the meteoritic scale is our preferred choice for solar
abundances (with the exception of the volatile elements that are depleted
in meteorites).  This  is reinforced by the  historical
robustness of meteoritic abundance determinations.

Low-degree  helioseismology ($\ell  \leq 3$)  can  be used  to derive  seismic
information on the solar core,  particularly by using the so-called separation
ratios as described by  \citet{roxb}. \citet{bisonii} have used the separation
ratios constructed with very  precise frequencies of low-$\ell$ modes measured
by the  Birmingham Solar-Oscillations Network (BiSON)  to constrain properties
of the  solar core.  They showed the  discrepancy in solar  models constructed
with AGS05  composition extends all the  way to the  solar core and it  is not
just related to deficiencies in the modeling of the solar outer layers, in the
convective envelope.
Here we compare the observed separation ratios to those computed for our solar
models;  results  are  displayed  in Figure~\ref{fig:seprat}.  As  with  other
helioseismology indicators, the GS98 model performs much better than the AGS05
model.  The adoption  of the  AGSS09  composition in  the SSM  has very  small
influence in the  core structure of the model, as  it practically overlaps the
AGS05 model.  Results  for the AGSS09ph  model closely resemble  those from
AGSS09 and, for clarity, are not shown in Figure~\ref{fig:seprat}.
As discussed in \citet{bisoni},
values  of  the  separation  ratios   are  closely  related  to  the  quantity
$1/r  \ (dc/dr)$  integrated over  the  solar structure.  Differences in  this
quantity between
models with  AGS05 and AGSS09 (both meteoritic  and photospheric) compositions
are  very   small  and  only   present  very  close   to  the  center   ($r  <
0.05~R_\odot$) and thus have a very small impact on the separation ratios.

Solar neutrino fluxes  for the models are listed  in Table~\ref{tab:neu}.  The
new  astrophysical factor  $S_{34}$ \citep{s34}  is 7\%  larger  than previous
determination and it is
responsible for  the larger $^7$Be  and $^8$B fluxes  of models GS98  and AGS05
with  respect to  those published  in \citet{montecarlo}  with the  same solar
compositions.  Similarly, the somewhat smaller (7.6\%) $S_{1,14}$ value recently
published  by the  LUNA  collaboration \citep{s114}  leads  to a  proportional
reduction in the $^{13}$N and  $^{15}$O fluxes. The increase in metallicity in
the AGSS09 solar composition,
compared to AGS05, is only partially  reflected in the changes of the neutrino
fluxes. This is  so because elements that more strongly  affect the solar core
temperature  (Si,  S,  and Fe)  have  the  same  abundance  in AGS05  and  the
meteoritic AGSS09 scale.  The increase by 0.09~dex in Ne and by 0.22~dex in
Ar are the most important changes in abundances influencing the core
temperature. This is reflected, for instance, in the $\sim 4\%$ increase in the
$^8$B flux  from AGS05  to AGSS09. $^{13}$N  and $^{15}$O fluxes,  that depend
almost  linearly in the  added abundance  of carbon  and nitrogen  show larger
changes (of the order of $\sim 12 - 14\%$) due to the 0.03 and 0.05~dex larger
abundances of these elements in  the new AGSS09 abundances. Differences in the
neutrino fluxes  between the AGSS09  and the GS98  models are of the  order of
10\% for $^7$Be,  20\% for $^8$B and 38\% for the  added $^{13}$N and $^{15}$O
fluxes. For  the sake of completeness  we present the neutrino  fluxes for the
AGSS09ph  model.  The  effect  of  the increased  iron  abundance  is  readily
noticeable particularly in the larger $^8$B flux compared to AGSS09 model and,
to a lesser extent in the CNO and $^7$Be fluxes.
The  possibilities  that current  and  future  neutrino  experiments offer  to
constrain the  solar core  metallicity are  beyond the
scope of this paper and are discussed elsewhere \citep{cn,bps}.

Qualitatively, the  AGSS09 abundances do  not change the picture  that emerged
with  the previous  set  of  solar abundances,  AGS05:  SSMs constructed  with
abundances  derived from the  most sophisticated  solar atmosphere  models and
up-to-date atomic  data conflict with all helioseismology  inferences of solar
structure.   Potential solutions to  the solar  abundance problem  analyzed by
different authors, none of them  successful in restoring the agreement between
SSM  and helioseismology  measurements, still  face the  same problems  if the
AGSS09  composition  is  used  instead   of  AGS05.  In  this  regard,  it  is
particularly informative the  work by \citet{dp06}, which show  in the $R_{\rm
CZ}-Y_{\rm surf}$ plane  the direction in which model  predictions change when
modifications in their input physics are applied. It is not a simple
task to  find deficits  in the models  that produce simultaneously  changes in
both  $R_{\rm CZ}$  and  $Y_{\rm surf}$  in  the right  direction, except  for
restoring  the metallicity  to a  larger value,  comparable to  that  of GS98.
Quantitatively,  however,   the  disagreement  is  less   severe  with  AGSS09
composition and, motivated by this fact, it
is worth  taking another  look at  the opacity deficit  induced by  the AGSS09
abundances.  We  have  done  a  similar  analysis  to  the  one  presented  by
\citet{jcd09} to  check by how much opacities  in the AGSS09 model  have to be
increased to recover the level of agreement with helioseismology that the GS98
model gives.  We find that in the central regions the required change is $\sim
5\%$  (2\%  with AGSS09ph),  very  close  to  what \citet{jcd09}  found.   The
magnitude of  the change increases  smoothly outwards and reaches  $\sim 15\%$
(12\% with AGSS09ph)  at the bottom of the CZ. This  requirement is smaller by
almost a factor of two than that found by
\citet{jcd09},  very likely  because they  used  the S-model  (which used  the
higher $(Z/X)_\odot=0.0245$ from \citealp{gn93})  as their reference model and
one with the AGS05 solar composition,  while we have used GS98 and AGSS09 (see
\citealp{sere10} for a more thorough discussion). We
note the  required changes are much  larger than differences  found between OP
and OPAL opacities  in the radiative solar interior.  It would be interesting,
as  pointed  out by  \citet{jcd09}, to find  other
observable implications that changes of  $12-15$\% in the radiative opacity at
temperatures of a couple to a few millon degrees would have, independently
of those from solar models.

\section{Summary} \label{sec:summ}

We  have  computed  new  standard  solar  models  that  incorporate  the  most
up-to-date input physics, including the updated OPAL equation of state and the
most  recent determinations  of the  astrophysical factors  for  the important
$^3{\rm He}(^4{\rm He},\gamma)^7$Be and
$^{14}{\rm N}({\rm  p},\gamma)^{15}$O reactions. We have  used three different
sets of solar abundances: GS98, AGS05 and the newly determined AGSS09. We have
found that the updated physical inputs have very little effect on the
properties  of solar  models, both  in  terms of  solar structure  and in  the
neutrino fluxes.
The most important results in this work are those from the model that adopts
the new set of solar abundances, AGSS09. The new abundances are determined
by  using an  improved solar  atmosphere  model and  atomic data,  and a  more
careful selection  of spectroscopic lines. The resulting  solar metallicity is
somewhat   larger  than   that  from   AGS05.   This  is   reflected  in   the
helioseismological properties  of the solar  model. For the AGSS09  model, the
sound speed and  density profiles, the predicted surface  helium abundance and
the   depth  of   the  convective   zone  are   still  in   conflict  with
helioseismology data,  although the disagreement  is less severe than  for the
AGS05 model.  Still, results are far  from the excellent match  found with the
GS98 composition. Finally, we have found that if radiative opacities
were to be modified to restore the agreement between solar models (with AGSS09
composition) and  helioseismology, the  required changes are
$\approx 12-15$\% right  below the convective zone  with a smooth  decrease towards the
central regions, where changes should be $2-5$\%.

\acknowledgements AMS thanks Maria Bergemann for insightful discussions on
the physics of non-LTE effects in the formation of spectral lines.
SB is  partially supported  by NSF grant  ATM-0348837. We thank  the anonymous
referee for useful suggestions and comments.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Elkhorn officials prepare for final meeting
February 24, 2007 at 9:28 a.m.
ELKHORN, Neb.-
Elkhorn's City Council has a few last bills to pay and goodbyes to say before the city is swallowed up by Omaha.
"The mood is going to be that there is the death of a city about to happen," Elkhorn City Administrator Don Eikmeier said Friday about Tuesday's scheduled council meeting.
"We're still buying sand and getting ready for the weekend's storm," Eikmeier said.
The actual annexation depends on when the Nebraska Supreme Court sends an order to Douglas County District Court, when that order is filed and when the court informs Omaha city managers.
If that occurred Tuesday, before the council meeting, no action would be taken because Elkhorn would no longer exist as a legal entity, Eikmeier said.
Omaha's officials are ready to move in, they say. Some of them met Friday with about 40 Elkhorn city workers, including many who plan to join the Omaha ranks.
Elkhorn leaders learned Thursday that the U.S. Supreme Court denied the city's request that the annexation be frozen.
Last week, the state Supreme Court denied Elkhorn's request to rehear its annexation challenge.
If the U.S. Supreme Court had blocked the Nebraska court's order, the smaller city would have asked for a review of the Nebraska high court's decision, officials said.
Throughout the court battles, Elkhorn has claimed that Omaha violated open-meeting laws, that courts ignored the constitutional right of the citizens to vote before such a merger, and that the city disagrees with the timeline on when Elkhorn ceased to exist.
Officials there have also said that because residents were not allowed to vote on the annexation, their federal constitutional rights were violated.
State law allows cities of Omaha's size to annex a town without the town's permission, Omaha's attorneys said. Omaha also had argued that its westward expansion would be blocked if Elkhorn were not annexed.
Elkhorn said that its quality of life, services and small-town character would be lost if it were to become part of Omaha.
The fight began in early 2005.
Information from: Omaha World-Herald, http://www.omaha.com


text:
Sasha Aneff, vollständiger Name Sasha Alexander Aneff Medrano, (* 26. Juni 1991 in Montevideo) ist ein uruguayischer Fußballspieler.

Karriere

Verein
Aneffs Großvater Andrei Aneff wanderte 1944 aus Bulgarien nach Rio de Janeiro aus und arbeitete ab 1946 in Montevideo in der Fabrik Fleischman. Dort heiratete dieser in den 1950er Jahren die ebenfalls aus Bulgarien nach Montevideo emigrierte Architekturstudentin Liny Michailowska, die später auch eine bekannte uruguayische Malerin wurde. Aus dieser Ehe gingen die beiden Söhne Ivan und Andrei hervor. Letzterer, ein Architekt und Bauunternehmer, ist der Vater von Sasha Aneff. Der 1,87 Meter große Offensivakteur Aneff, der seine schulische Ausbildung an der Deutschen Schule in Montevideo (Colegio Alemán) absolvierte, stand zu Beginn seiner Karriere seit der Apertura 2010 im Erstligakader Defensors. In der Spielzeit 2010/11 wurde er dort dreimal in der Primera División eingesetzt. 2011/12 kamen zwei weitere Erstligaeinsätze hinzu. Ein Tor erzielte er nicht. Anfang 2012 wurde er an den Ligakonkurrenten Racing ausgeliehen. Drei weitere Partien in der Primera División – jeweils ohne persönlichen Torerfolg – stehen für ihn dort in der restlichen Spielzeit 2011/12 zu Buche. Sodann folgte eine Leihe in das Land seiner Großeltern, wo er für den FC Botew Wraza fünf Ligaspiele bestritt (kein Tor). Er traf dort auf seinen Landsmann Ignacio Lores, der in jener Spielzeit vom italienischen Verein US Palermo zum selben Klub verliehen war. Zur Apertura 2013 stieß er zu Centro Atlético Fénix. Noch im selben Jahr führte sein Karriereweg wieder nach Europa. Dort schloss er sich in Slowenien NK Domžale an. In der Saison 2013/14 lief er in 16 Ligaspielen für die Slowenen auf und erzielte vier Treffer. In der Spielzeit 2014/15 stand er 16-mal in der Liga auf dem Platz und schoss fünf Tore. Anfang Januar 2015 schloss er sich auf Leihbasis dem kroatischen Klub NK Osijek an. Er absolvierte dort acht Ligaspiele und schoss zwei Tore. Anfang Juni 2015 kehrte er zu NK Domžale zurück, bestritt aber keine weiteren Pflichtspiele für den Klub. Ende März 2016 verpflichtete ihn der schwedische Verein Syrianska FC. In der Spielzeit 2015/16 kam er viermal (kein Tor) zum Einsatz. Ende Juni 2016 verpflichtete ihn NorthEast United. Bislang (Stand: 25. Juli 2017) steht bei den Indern ein Ligaeinsatz (kein Tor) für ihn zu Buche.

Nationalmannschaft
Aneff spielte auch in den Junioren-Nationalteams Uruguays.

Weblinks
 Sasha Aneff auf der offiziellen Webpräsenz der slowenischen PrvaLiga (slowenisch)

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (Defensor Sporting Club)
Fußballspieler (Racing Club de Montevideo)
Fußballspieler (FC Botew Wraza)
Fußballspieler (Centro Atlético Fénix)
Fußballspieler (NK Domžale)
Fußballspieler (NK Osijek)
Fußballspieler (Syrianska FC)
Fußballspieler (NorthEast United FC)
Geboren 1991
Uruguayer
Mann


text:
Justia Drugs & Biotech Opinion Summaries
Articles Posted in Agriculture Law
Eli Lilly and Co. v. Arla Foods USA, Inc.
June 15, 2018 by Justia
Arla, a Denmark-based global dairy conglomerate, launched a $30 million advertising campaign aimed at expanding its U.S. cheese sales, branded "Live Unprocessed." The ads assure consumers that Arla cheese contains no "weird stuff" or "ingredients that you can't pronounce," particularly, no milk from cows treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin ("rbST"), an artificial growth hormone. The flagship ad implies that milk from rbST-treated cows is unwholesome. Narrated by a seven-year-old girl, the ad depicts rbST as a cartoon monster with razor-sharp horns. Elanco makes the only FDA-approved rbST supplement. Elanco sued, alleging that the ads contain false and misleading statements in violation of the Lanham Act. Elanco provided scientific literature documenting rbST's safety, and evidence that a major cheese producer had decreased its demand for rbST in response to the ads. The Seventh Circuit affirmed the issuance of a preliminary injunction, rejecting arguments that Elanco failed to produce consumer surveys or other reliable evidence of actual consumer confusion and did not submit adequate evidence linking the ad campaign to decreased demand for its rbST. Consumer surveys or other "hard" evidence of actual consumer confusion are unnecessary at the preliminary-injunction stage. The evidence of causation is sufficient at this stage: the harm is easily traced because Elanco manufactures the only FDA-approved rbST. The injunction is sufficiently definite and adequately supported by the record and the judge's findings. View "Eli Lilly and Co. v. Arla Foods USA, Inc." on Justia Law
Posted in: Agriculture Law, Business Law, Communications Law, Consumer Law, Drugs & Biotech, US Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
Monsanto Co. v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co.
October 1, 2014 by Justia
Monsanto developed a genetic modification in soybean seeds (Roundup Ready® (RR)), known as the 40-3-2 event (RR trait), which enables soybean plants to tolerate application of glyphosate herbicide to kill weeds. Monsanto owns the patent for the RR trait and granted Pioneer a license to produce and sell seeds containing the traits. After Pioneer became a subsidiary of DuPont, Monsanto and Pioneer entered into an amended license, under which DuPont produced and sold RR trait seed. In 2006, DuPont announced that it had developed a glyphosate-tolerant trait, OGAT, expected to confer tolerance to both glyphosate and acetolactate synthase inhibitor herbicide. Testing indicated that OGAT alone did not provide sufficient glyphosate-tolerance for commercial use. DuPont then combined OGAT with the RR trait; the OGAT/RR stack provided increased yields in field trials. DuPont did not sell any OGAT/RR product, however, and discontinued development. Monsanto sued DuPont for breach of the license and patent infringement. The district court granted partial judgment to Monsanto, holding that the license was unambiguous and did not grant the right to stack non-RR technologies with the licensed" trait, but allowed DuPont to amend its answer to assert reformation counterclaims and defenses. The court ultimately told DuPont to "either voluntarily dismiss these reformation claims or produce … all documents … previously withheld." DuPont continued litigating its reformation counterclaims and produced previously withheld internal e-mails that showed its awareness that it did not have the right to commercialize the OGAT/RR stack. The court found that DuPont's position was not rooted in fact, that DuPont made misrepresentations and had perpetrated a fraud on the court, struck DuPont's reformation defense and counterclaims, and awarded limited attorney fees to Monsanto. The Federal Circuit affirmed. View "Monsanto Co. v. E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co." on Justia Law
Posted in: Agriculture Law, Contracts, Drugs & Biotech, Patents
Bayer CropScience AG v. Dow AgroSciences, LLC
Bayer's patent concerns genetically modifying plants to confer resistance to a common herbicide (2,4-D) by inserting a particular DNA segment into plant cells, which reproduce to create new cells that contain that gene. Those cells produce an enzyme that catalyzes a biochemical reaction with 2,4-D in which the herbicide is broken down into something harmless to the plant. A plant with the gene survives 2,4-D application while surrounding weeds do not. At the time of the patent application, the inventors had sequenced one gene coding for one enzyme, using a test supposedly capable of finding other, similar genes. In writing the application, they claimed a broad category based on the function of the particular enzyme, defining the category by using a term with established scientific meaning. Years before the patent issued, experiments showed that the term did not apply to the particular enzyme whose gene was sequenced, but Bayer did not change its claim language. When Bayer sued Dow for infringement, Bayer recognized that the term's established scientific meaning, did not cover the accused product, which was, itself, different from the enzyme whose gene Bayer's inventors had sequenced. Bayer argued for broad functional claim construction. The district court entered summary judgment of noninfringement, citing particularly the great breadth of the asserted functional construction. The Federal Circuit affirmed. View "Bayer CropScience AG v. Dow AgroSciences, LLC" on Justia Law
Posted in: Agriculture Law, Drugs & Biotech, Intellectual Property, Patents
In re: Bimeda Research & Dev. Ltd.
The patent at issue concerns methods for preventing bovine mastitis, the inflammation of udder tissue in cows, and is entitled "Antiinfective free intramammary veterinary composition." The summary of the invention describes how the composition employs a physical barrier within the teat canal to block introduction of mastitis-causing organisms without requiring use of antiinfectives such as antibiotics. A patent examiner rejected certain claims introduced in the context of ex parte reexamination. The Patent Trial and Appeal Board and Federal Circuit affirmed, finding that substantial evidence supported the Board's finding that one claim failed the written description requirement because the disclosure did not "describe[] a formulation excluding a specific species of the anti-infective genus, while permitting others to be present." View "In re: Bimeda Research & Dev. Ltd." on Justia Law
Posted in: Agriculture Law, Drugs & Biotech, Patents
Public Pension Fund Group, et al. v. KV Pharmaceutical Co., et al.
June 4, 2012 by Justia
Plaintiffs, groups of investors who purchased the securities of KV, brought this class action lawsuit alleging that KV and some of its individual officers committed securities fraud. Plaintiffs alleged that KV made false or misleading statements about its compliance with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations governing the manufacture of pharmaceutical products, and made false or misleading statements about earnings resulting from pharmaceutical products allegedly manufactured in violation of FDA regulations. The court concluded plaintiffs' complaint adequately set forth the reasons why KV's statements about is compliance were false, or at least misleading, at the time they were made; the district court did not err when it determined the investors' complaint did not sufficiently plead that KV made false or misleading statements about earnings tied to the manufacture of generic Metoprolol; the district court correctly dismissed the scheme liability claims against the two individual KV officers; but the district court erred in denying the motion to amend the complaint. Accordingly the court affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded for further proceedings. View "Public Pension Fund Group, et al. v. KV Pharmaceutical Co., et al." on Justia Law
Posted in: Agriculture Law, Class Action, Drugs & Biotech, Securities Law, U.S. 8th Circuit Court of Appeals
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Yacht shows happen all round the year and some of the concepts released by enthusiasts and designers are truly inspiring and beautiful. Most of these models might not even make it to the markets, but they are nevertheless amazing to look at.
A 90m superyacht concept, Project Magnitude is based on the original Y700 Oceanco Series and combines innovation with an intelligent and functional design. Lukasz Opalinski, a designer with a luxury background along with John Henson, an ex-captain came up with this concept. The yacht features a helipad and a water sports deck that allows you to launch jet-skis, submarines, and even take a morning jog.
Gone are the days when the rich would go and rent islands during holidays. People with deep pockets can now rent islands that float around and have propellers. The Tropical Island Paradise by Yacht Island Designs is a floating jungle boat that comes with a tropical beach paradise on its upper deck. Other than the guest cabanas, bars and outdoor dining options, the yacht also features a swimming pool that is fed by a waterfall seen running down from a volcanic mountain atop the deck. Beautiful indeed!
This entire concept is based around the Mediterranean principality with the primary focus being the famous grand prix circuit. The Streets on Monaco is a billionaire's playground that replicates the famous Grand Prix track, as well as feature a helipad, mini submarine, speedboats, jet skis, swimming pools and Jacuzzis. It also mimics certain key landmarks of the mega city, including the famous Hotel de Paris, Prince's Palace, Loews Hotel, Port Hercule and La Rascasse.
Julien Anglade is a French designer who has come up with this hybrid yacht concept that can transform into a larger vessel while at sea. At 150m, the IKKAR can accommodate 50 passengers in ultimate luxury as well as a crew of 60 people to look after them. This hybrid yacht can change its shape according to the location as well as the comfort of the passengers. When anchored offshore, the sides of its hull open at the waterline to create a massive entertainment space. It gradually falls back when the vessel is floating at a low speed. The yacht comes equipped with solar sails, making it eco friendly as well.
Yelken Octuri is the designer behind this amazing Yacht. It features four masts that can be lowered to become wings while instantly transforming it into a plane. The model was built at the Aerocoché plant in the water sports facilities of Salles sur Cérou for princes Aziz, Dawood and Hashim, the corporate executives of the "Masqat Airways" air transport company. The boat can fly 600km when transformed into a plane.
Know of any other such super yachts that are bound to take everyone's breath away? Let us know in the comments section.


when adding a header image to a site page it doesn't seem to display? I have checked various settings but cannot find a solution, any ideas on why?
Despite the label on the customizer setting it seems this isn't possible.
This is a mistake since it should be possible, so I am working on a fix now.
Hi, sorry to be a pain. Did you ever work this one out?
Sorry – I forgot to say. I have added an option to enable this in the customizer.
The topic 'Feature Image on Site Pages' is closed to new replies.