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Posts by Sean Huerats:
April	17	2020
Three educators share thoughts following their participation in the Preparing Global Citizens Through Democratic Classroom Leadership Summer Institute of 2019.
Evanston Township High School, Evanston, Illinois
This year I've become more reflective about the invitations students offer me in class. Invitations to curiosity, invitations to judgment, invitations to listen close listening, invitations to joy, invitations to anger, invitations to connection, invitations to familiar authoritarianism. This year I'm pickier about which I accept during the 42 minutes we share our space.
In 2nd period, I've got a 9th grade scholar, call him Steve, who has been resistant to writing all year. This young brother claims to hate it, rolls his eyes when we do it, and sighs deeply when I talk to him about it. He gets his work done, mostly, but he's not shy about letting me know that it's labor.
Last week, Steve refused to write when we sat down for circle at the beginning of class. He looked like he was out on Dodge avenue, waiting for the 93 bus to whisk him back home. When I mentioned that he was going to need his Chromebook to finish the weekly reflection our class was working on, he regarded me with eyebrows raised–like a homeless gent begging for change. A sigh roosted in his chest and he nodded heavily. In the past, I have been shackled to two responses: gird my loins for immediate battle or return his nod with disappointment and move on without him. Both responses have the potential to harm a child emotionally.
But I didn't handle it that way. I ignored Steve's behavior and encouraged those who were writing to keep at it. Before the activity was over, I went over to where he sat and kneeled in close. He tensed and stared off into the distance. Then I leaned in and quietly reminded him about his class job: we were going to especially need him to signal the class when there was five minutes left in the period. Almost like magic, his body language softened. He smiled and said he wouldn't forget. And just like that, he was back.
I declined his invitation to anger and instead invited him to take on a leadership role with a class job that spoke to his need for agency. Before the end of class, he struck the little singing bowl at the front of the room, and a few days later when he submitted his poetry portfolio, I was awed by his brilliant use of language in a poem called "Houdini". I had never seen him write with such precision.
The ethos of "choose to participate or pass," allowed me space to not overreact. His class job allowed him to take on an important leadership role in the class and created an occasion for us to talk about his contribution to our community, beyond the work I prioritized. Maybe he was having a bad morning, maybe I set him off unintentionally, but my shift in perspective helped us avoid harming each others dignity that morning, and that made all the difference.
"My classroom is a complete 180 from last year."
By Tamara Boynton Howard, MPH
West Seattle High School
CTE-Family & Consumer Science
My classroom is a complete 180 from last year. At the beginning of the year multiple students said they didn't want to present because they thought they would be bullied. Today, one of those students came up to me and said, "Thanks for making us get to know each other. I never would have thought I would talk to these people." Plus, I haven't yelled even once. 😊
"I had never thought it would be possible for my 2nd and 3rd graders to run our class on their own."
By Yumiko Taniguchi
Japanese Immersion Teacher
McDonald International School, Seattle, WA
I took the Democratic Classroom Leadership training this summer and I was told to sign up have a "Teacher's Non-Verbal communication day" before Halloween. I was pretty skeptical about this " Teacher's non-verbal communication day" and I had a great fear of having a chaotic classroom.
My assistant teacher and I gave up our speech for the entire school day a few days before Halloween. The students had been in my language immersion classroom for 7 weeks. It took a great amount of courage to dive in something I was not sure of, especially I fear of letting go of teacher's authority. The day turned out to be the most amazing experience of my teaching career! The students stepped out to do their class jobs, communicated effectively one another, paid great attention to my non-verbal cues, engaged in lessons and routines actively, and there was almost no behavior challenges on that day. And I must say there was a great sense of pride, peace, and trust within our class community. I was overwhelmed with deep sense of gratitude and I shed tears when I read their reflection sheet about that day. I had 100% positive feedback from the students and they told me they wanted to do this again!
From that day on, I learned to trust each of my students, to share power, to minimize my unnecessary teacher talk and lecture, and to be fully present. My teaching experience would never been the same without learning about the democratic classroom. I thank the facilitator, Chris and the learning community form bottom of my heart.
The Art of Parenting
It is inside our homes where we, as parents, lay the foundation for all that our children learn. It is not our fault that we are most ignorant about the most important profession that has been given to us. The traditional ideas about how to raise children have been around for over eight thousand years. We have an unrecognized prejudice against our young. With all the labeling and medicating of our children becoming so common, it's difficult to imagine peaceful homes—homes without fighting, nagging, and criticism.
We can win our children's cooperation. We can get out of power struggles. We can avoid giving undue attention to our children when they are driving us nuts. All of these things are possible. Like with any other task in life, it requires learning new ideas and putting them into practice. It's a difficult task, but one we'd all be grateful for learning if we gave it a chance. Despite our many differences, we are all making the same mistakes with our children.
Hopefully next year, we will continue our in-person parenting sessions Monday Nights at Beacon Hill International School where we all learn from each other. In the meantime, join our Virtual Parent Community Class: Parenting In the Time of Relentless Parenting (Covid-19)
Arctic Refuge Update
Arctic Refuge Awareness Holiday Party & Post Party
Last December 6, we hosted 35 folks in our home (see photo) to raise awareness around the impending drilling of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). I first learned about ANWR, North America's crown jewel, through Lenny Kohm, the "Arctic Warrior" who would become my dear friend & mentor. Lenny spent decades travelling the lower 48 States activating citizens to get engaged to protect this sacred place. You may know that ANWR's existence is now severely threatened; oil leasing rights may be purchased imminently. But we, ordinary citizens, are taking action to stop it! Our collective actions can and must protect the Gwich'in's sacred land and culture and the biological heart of the last great wilderness in North America. We hosted this first event (more to come!) with support from and gratitude for the Seattle Chapter Sierra Club, Full Circle Leadership Center, Finis Dunnaway (Lenny Kohm's biographer), and Norma Kassi and other friends of the Gwich'in nation in Alaska & Canada.
Arctic Drilling Update
The sales for leasing the land to drill oil has been postponed yet again, which is good. The White House has been extremely quiet [on this]. So the Arctic Day of Action is postponed until then. I will be in touch immediately via an emergency newsletter when action is required from all of us. I am thankful for the folks who signed up to host Awareness Raisers in their homes. In the meantime, Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, and just recently, Wells Fargo are now saying NO to financing drilling in the arctic due to pressure being put on them.
If you would like to schedule an awareness raising virtual Zoom house party and would like me to talk at it, contact me.
FCLC By the Numbers
Educators participated in week-long summer institutes "Preparing Global Citizens Through Democratic Classroom Leadership."
Educators who have participated in an FCLC program since inception in October, 2017.
Schools who have completed full staff workshops with FCLC (Garfield HS, McDonald International Elementary, Asa Mercer International Middle School, Beacon Hill International School).
Number of Parents who have participated in 2x/month Monday Night parenting classes at Beacon Hill International School.
Approximate number of unduplicated students indirectly impacted via the 745 educators served.
Planting Seeds of Citizenship
Photo by Stefanie Felix
The entire staff of Beacon Hill International School (BHIS) participated in an all-day professional development workshop with Full Circle Leadership last August. As a result, they requested from FCLC curriculum and activities for a week of Teach-Ins on Climate Catastrophe. The entire staff and the student body walked out of school and around the school grounds with fantastic signs and chants they had created during the Teach-In week. (Photo of Max [my son] and me below as I don't have photo release forms for the 400+ participating students.)
As parents and educators, let's provide space for our children and youth to express and act on how they feel about climate catastrophe. FCLC will be investing energy and resources in collaborating with regional, national and global NGOs committed to plant one trillion trees to sequester carbon.
As parents and educators, let's provide space for our children and youth to express and act on how they feel about climate catastrophe. FCLC will be investing energy and resources in collaborating with NGOs region, national and worldwide committed to plant one trillion trees to sequester carbon.
I send you my love and hope that you and yours are in good health in this harrowing pandemic.
In Studs Turkel's book Hope Dies Last, he introduces readers to regular citizens who find the courage to make a small difference. Historian Howard Zinn reminds us: it's the collective impact of those small actions that keeps alive the possibility of a dignified livelihood for common people while keeping fascism at bay.
Things seemed particularly dark even before Feb 29 when King County, WA became the epicenter of the Coronavirus in the U.S. I confess: on some of the darkest nights over the past three years, I lay in bed bracing for my children's future–with the onslaught of climate catastrophe, the seventh great extinction, intensification of overt racism, and the dismantling of democracy now upon us. Now, nearing an apex of Covid-19, amid the fear and mounting deaths, I find hope. Hope for a new way of being with one another and with our Mother Earth and all her living creatures–with and without legs, fins, or wings.
My mom, Dalton told me a story yesterday about her growing up in Perryville, Missouri with her mother (big city gal) and father (small town, humble farmer). In Perryville, a meter measured their water usage, so baths were "this high" (3 inches) and just once a week. Her mother told her that in St. Louis, they were "advanced" because water only cost a dollar a month and you could use as much as you wanted.
We got too "advanced."
The UN environmental chief says that Coronavirus is 'Nature sending us a message'
LIVE SIMPLY so that Others may SIMPLY LIVE
Air, water, food, sunshine, shelter, sleep and love. We don't need more than that to live, thrive and be happy. It took this pandemic to slow me down enough to truly remember. Oh, the long winding tale of how I bought into the rat race. What's your tale? I'd like to know. And when the pandemic ends…Back to "normal"? There is nothing normal about the way I live. We would need five Mother Earths to support my lifestyle. And that's with 36 solar panels on our home and a modest [for middle-class U.S. Americans] number of air flights/year. While Mother Earth catches her breath, I am invited to rethink my [entire] life moving forward. For starters, will I board fewer planes? Yes.
Foreshadow
On the night of the greatest baseball game ever played, the Chicago Cubs broke their 108-year drought to win the World Series. Talk about keeping hope alive for generations. We diehard Cubs fans knew that with the Cubs winning it all, the end of the world might be near: five days later, the electoral college selected DJT. At that time, my body and I were on a 3-month medical leave, foreshadowing my impending [sorrowful] departure from Global Visionaries, which I had co-founded 18 years prior.
In the ensuing three years, I have grown a lot (you'd have to ask Lisa, my wife, to be sure). I have moved through my grief from leaving Global Visionaries, found my footing, and am feeling hope again. By hope, I mean courage. And by courage, I mean re-discovering that forgiveness, love, joy, and abandon are choices I make upon waking each day. With the myriad reasons to despair today, love in action is my beacon: forgiving and acting to create a future of true democracy, racial equity, and ecological healing. I awake and ask: "what is the most loving action I can take next?" The answer I receive is to re-connect with you to build transformative communities from the ground up. Shall we?
Covid-19 Home Schooling
PS – To all the educators and parents: I have given up on any notion of formalized "home-schooling" my 7- and 5-year-old children. Oh, we had a detailed schedule which went up in flames on day 3. And it has taken me 6 weeks to de-institutionalize [decolonize] my mind and remember in my bones what I have believed for 33 years since becoming a teacher and what I have been teaching teachers for years: trust the genius of the child. Trust with abandon their innate curiosity! So, this, quite simply, is my "new" approach. And after a week of my kids seeing that I am no longer pressuring them, Eureka! They are choosing "school" activities again.
PPS – Be sure to read our invitation for parents to join what promises to be an extraordinary virtual community experience: Parenting In the Time of Relentless Parenting (Covid-19). I hope you'll join Dalton and me and a courageous group of parents as we explore and support one another through the next eight weeks. The first class is this Tuesday night 4/21 at 6:30pm PST.
Restoring Wholeness
As a white person, I have used the last three years to dig deeper in understanding my own role in perpetuating white supremacy; I have committed myself to actionable steps in both my personal and professional work towards undoing my own internalized superiority [my racism] and that of the communities with whom I interact.
As I develop our curricula with the wise and talented partner facilitators at FCLC, we are ever more committed to creating the possibility of racial equity and to explicate connections between building life-giving relationships with one other and with our Mother Earth. The injustice of Latinx and African-Americans who are disproportionately dying of Covid-19 reflects centuries of racial oppression by white folks. Families of color and low-income families are disproportionately grieving and struggling for survival. It is yet another clarion call for white folks to examine our hidden wound, as Wendell Berry named our national pathology. May we may all be relentlessly compelled to transform our relationships in U.S. America and worldwide.
FCLC Impact Since Our Programs began in 2018– in a Nutshell
First, I invite you to read the stories (below) that educators have written and shared; they bring to life our impact.
We have served 745 educators. Many educators have said their time with Full Circle Leadership facilitators has been "transformational", and "one of the best PDs (professional development trainings) of their career."
Marcus A. Campbell, Ed.D., Assistant Superintendent & Principal, Evanston Township High School, Evanston, Illinois (one of our nation's top public schools according to Newsweek Magazine): "What did you say to my faculty!? They have talked about how 'life changing' their five days with you were. THANK YOU! What you have done is truly amazing and I am appreciative of your willingness to invest in us. Your work has been refreshing and has added a much-needed wind in our sails at ETHS. I am extremely grateful for our partnership. Your work powerfully operationalizes culturally responsive teaching!"
Guiding Questions at Full Circle Leadership
How can we catalyze a revolutionary movement comprised of educators, parents and students?
…move educators and parents to overcome our collective [unconscious] prejudice against children and young people?
…bring about a democratic and restorative transformation in education?
…create the space so that children learn from early on that they are agents of change capable of transforming their lives, their government, and the sacred yet dying ecological systems that sustain life?
…uplift students to break the cycle of oppressive relationships they have inherited and in turn, learn to collaborate and innovate from creativity?
…create a pedagogy of love and peace?
Do variations of these questions keep you up at night? If so, reach out and let me know so that we might exchange thoughts!


Cape Breton's natural wonders include the spectacular scenic drive known as the Cabot Trail. Hikers in Cape Breton Highlands National Park will find stunning vistas around every turn, while a boat ride on massive Bras d'Or Lake, which is ringed by wild hills, offers a different perspective on the province. Explore the region's past with a visit to the Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site, and learn about the area's First Nations communities at Membertou Heritage Park. If you decide to go deep underground at the Cape Breton Miners Museum, your tour guide is likely to be a man who toiled for years in the island's coal mines and has many stories to tell. Another must-see: the Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site, where the famous inventor made his summer home.


Today I picked up this framed beauty for a Bergen County client whose master bedroom I am designing. She is on bedrest and will deliver baby #3 this week so the clock is ticking to get everything ready for her! I can't wait for our installation day when I will hang up this gorgeous art on her wall!
Are you searching for an interior designer in the northern NJ area? I'd love to set up a consultation so we can get started on creating your dream space! If you are outside of my travel area (within 45 minutes of Wyckoff NJ), we can still work together via email / Skype.


1 YRS Foshan Nanhai AnDe Jewelry Co., Ltd.
Alibaba.com offers 3,703 leaf shape crystal products. About 23% of these are zinc alloy jewelry, 10% are pendants & charms, and 8% are acrylic jewelry.
A wide variety of leaf shape crystal options are available to you, such as souvenir, business gift, and home decoration. You can also choose from china, africa. As well as from flower, letters. And whether leaf shape crystal is carved, or painted.
There are 3,703 leaf shape crystal suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of leaf shape crystal respectively.
You can ensure product safety by selecting from certified suppliers, including 400 with Other, 168 with ISO9001, and 18 with BSCI certification.


Abstract acrylic painting. This smaller painting has a very interesting patterned background that peeks through the interference paint. This changes what you can see on here depending on how the light hits it.


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One form of village action that has enjoyed more than typical success in the Third World is the
vertically integrated single industry cooperative. Among the various ex-amples, which include the Colombian coffee and the Malaysian rubber growers association, the system of dairy cooperativesp romotedb y the IndianN ationalD airyD evel-opment Board has attractedp articulari nternationalin ter-est. By the end of 1976 a total of 4,530 village cooperatives with a combinedm embershipo f 2 millionf armersh ad been organized, and efforts were underway to develop a system of similars mallm ilk producerc ooperativest hroughoutI n-dia.3' Memberso f the villagel evel cooperatives ocietyn ormally own one or two cows and deposit milk twice each day at the collection point maintained by the society. Special trucks collect the milk from the village storage vats and deliver it to processingc enterso peratedb y a cooperativeu nion com-prised of some 80 village societies. Processed dairy products are sold in major urban centers through the facilities of a federation of the dairy unions. Studies indicate that the program operates with a high level of efficiency and lack of corruption, and provides ma-jor social and economic benefits to the poorest members of the member villages3' while assuring urban consumers of a regular supply of quality milk products at fair prices. It has also contributedt o a weakeningo f castea nd sexualb arriers as all castes of both sexes have learned to wait their turn in a singlel ine to delivert heirm ilk. This representsa substan-tial social advance in rural India." Several features of the program contribute to the success of the program: * The benefits are accessible to the poorest members of the community as even a poor landless family can main-tain a cow, a practicew ell establishedb y traditioni n In-dia. * The village co-ops are backed by a strong and highly dis-ciplined support system which provides at a fair price the entire range of services required for profitable pro-duction, from veterinary care and feed to an assured market. * All technologies and methods employed have been pro-ven under local conditions. * Everythingis done accordingt o carefullyd evelopeds ystems in which those responsiblea re thoroughlyt rained. * A combinationo f strong, externally-auditedm anagement systems, daily payments to members, and public transactions (including tests for quality of the milk) leaves little room for dishonesty on the part of co-op of-ficials. With little opportunity for corruption, only the more responsiblei ndividualsa re attractedt o leadership positions. * The basic functions of the village milk cooperatives are so simple that few demands are placed on their leaders and members either for communal labor or for complex decisions that might favor one group over another. The stronga nd sustainedl eadershipo f VergheseK urien, the founder and head of the NDDB, is also important. However, another critical factor is more easily overlooked: the process by which the NDDB came into being contrasts sharply with that of the more typical, centrally organized, government sponsored, co-op movements in Asia in which the members usually have little interest beyond collecting government handouts. The NDDB, which traces its history back to the mid1940s,i s a creationo f farmersr espondingt o a felt need. In-dia's colonial government dairy to purchase and process milk from villages in Kaira District of Gujarat State for sale in Bombay, and the farm-ers who supplied the dairy grew resentful of the low and fluctuating prices being offered. Eventually, a boycott of the government scheme was organi7ed which led, in 1946, to the formatin of the Anand Milk Producers' Union Lim-ited undert he chairmanshipo f Tribhuvandas Patel, one of the farmer members. By 1947, eight village cooperatives with 432 members were operating under the cooperative union. The basic outlines of the program began to emerge early as the farmers worked out a scheme responsive to their own needs. In 1949, a young man named Verghese Kurien, fresh from a U.S. university education, was as-signed by the government to a low level position in the Indian ResearchC reameryin Anand. Boredw ith his unchal-lenginga ssignment, he begana dvisingt he union on the pur-chase of dairy machinery. He was later asked by its mem-bers to help them with its installation and the training of their workers. He stayed on to become manager of the co-operative. Excessivep
ressuresfo r immediatere sults,a s measured by goods and services delivered, driveo ut attentiont o institutionb uildinga nd makei t difficultt o moveb eyonda reliefa nd welfarea pproachto poverty;t he distribution of food is a lot faster than
teachingp eople how to grow it. Kurien learned along with the farmers in a village setting. Once a
successful prototype program had been worked out, largely by the farmers, it was not passed to some established organizationf or boaderr eplication.R ather,a new organi-zation grew around the prototype-from the bottom up-gradually building and testing its own capacity to provide effective support to federations of primary cooperatives and adding additional layers at its top as the program ex-panded. Appropriate management systems were worked out through experience to meet the demands of the pro-gram. The values of integrity, service, and commitment to the poorestm ember-producers wered eeplyi mbeddedi n its emerging structures. Management staff were hired fresh from school, trainedt hroughe xperienceo n the job, indoc-trinated in the values of the program, and advanced rapidly as it grew. The process of bottom-up learning and growth from within continued for 10 years before the effort extended beyond Gujarat state, and when the National Dairy Devel-opment Board was created in 1965 it was with the village trained Kurien as its head. We may assume as well that most of the personnel and systems of the NDDB were ab-sorbed directly from the cooperatives it was to serve and replicate. Much experience with the village people and the dairy industryh ad been accumulateda nd assimilatedi nto the organizationb y that time. The NDDB is currentlyp lanninga majore xpansionp ro-gram to be funded by a $150 million loan from the World Bank and sales of dairy commodities donated by foreign governments.I t will also move simultaneouslyin to a new program of vegetable oil cooperatives. To the current pro-fessionals taff of 600, the new programsw ill requiret he ad-dition of 400 new managers per year for the next several yearst o be trainedi n a new NDDB establishedm anagement school. The combination of rapid expansion into states whichp resentd ifferenti nstitutional settings,a basics hift in its approacht o management development,a nd a move into a new type of program-possibly foregoing the long pro-cess of bottomup.programd esigna nd organizationb uild-ing that characterizedt he milk program-will no doubt places ubstantial pressureso n the NDDB. It will be instruc-tive to see whether it can replicate its own success under such conditions.
A. Banerjee The author is Executive Director of the National Dairy Development Board, PO Box 4906, Safdarjang Enclave, New Delhi 110029, India. Today much of the South faces the implications of sharply altered economic policies, many of which focus on capital-intensive investment that largely serves urban-sector requirements. In this context, it is imperative to find ways in which to advance South-South technology transfer, particularly technologies that directly improve the economic welfare and quality of life in rural areas. In this respect, India was fortunate to have been the first country to gain independence from colonial rule. In more than 40 years of independence, experiments have been made with a number of approaches towards developing the dairy industry and, as a consequence, it is possible that the Indian experience may hold lessons of interest and use to many of those concerned with balanced and sustainable development. It should be made clear that India's experience is by no means the only one possible. While there is definitely something to share, much can also be learned from the experience of others. One lesson is mandatory, however: success in dairying, or in any
other agricultural field, depends on ensuring that control of the resources created remains with the producers.
An instrument of social and economic change
In India, dairying is recognized as an instrument for social and economic development. The nation's milk supply comes from millions of small producers, dispersed throughout the rural areas. These farmers maintain an average herd of one or two milch animals, comprising cows and/or buffaloes. The animals' nutritional requirements are largely met by agricultural waste and byproducts (Gupta, 1987). Ample labour and a small land base encourage farmers to practice dairying as an occupation subsidiary to agriculture. While income from crop production is seasonal, dairying provides a stable, year-round income, which is an important economic incentive for the small farmer to take to dairying. Milk production in India is dominated by small and marginal landholding farmers and by landless labourers who, in aggregate, own about 70 percent of the national milch animal herd (Gupta, 1983). As crop production on 78 percent of the agricultural land still depends on rain, it is prone to both drought and floods, rendering agricultural income uncertain for most farmers. Shackled to subsistence production as a result of a shortage of finance and credit facilities, these farmers become entangled in a strangling debt cycle. The combination of an unfavourable land: person ratio and fragmented landholdings makes it difficult to support large families on crop income alone. It is not surprising that the small farmer and the landless labourer are more often than not victims of moneylenders (Zuvakis, 1979) and of natural calamities. Dairying, as a subsidiary source of income, is a real relief to most of these weaker groups in society. Often one or two milch animals enable these farmers to generate sufficient additional income to break the vicious subsistence agricultural-debt cycle. The successful Indian dairy development programme Operation Flood has shown how food aid can be used as an investment in building the type of institutional infrastructure that can bring about national dairy development. Programmes like Operation Flood, with similar policy orientations, may prove to be appropriate to dairy development in other Asian as well as African countries since the conditions that prevail in dairying today in a number of developing countries are comparable to those that once were found in India. In the early 1950s, India was commercially importing around 55000 tonnes of milk powder annually to meet the urban milk demand. Currently, many developing countries either commercially import dairy products on a large scale or rely on donations to meet the gap between demand and supply of milk products. Together, developing-country imports account for over 70 percent of total world trade in milk products (FAO, 1993) As in India, the reliance on low-cost and often-subsidized commercial imports as well as gifts seriously affects the development of dairying systems in many developing countries as they increase domestic demand for milk products and erode domestic-price incentives. As low-cost imports from advanced dairying nations depress domestic milk prices, it becomes uneconomical for local milk producers to invest in dairying, causing stagnation in production. This hampers breed improvement efforts, fodder production programmes, the manufacture of quality feed and other endeavours to improve productivity. For any country seriously interested in exploiting the potential of dairying, therefore, it becomes imperative
to review and seriously consider policies that would promote dairy development activities by helping to establish independent and self-sustaining dairying systems. Undoubtedly, the major challenge for the dairy sector in any developing nation is to increase milk production in order to meet the increasing demand resulting from the almost inevitable expansion of population and, presumably, growth of income. To meet this challenge, policies must become more market-oriented. The adoption of appropriate technologies for production, procurement, processing and marketing - after the unique environmental, social, economic, political and cultural environment of the individual country has been considered is an important aspect of dairy development. Those national governments and international institutions for whom the dairy sector is a major concern should accept the challenge and formulate policies that integrate and buttress the major functions of dairy development. Most of the significant developments in dairying in India have taken root in this century. The history of the dairy development can be broadly classified into two distinct phases: pre- and post-Operation Flood. On examining the developments made during both phases, it can be concluded that the difference lies in the basic approach to solving the problems facing the dairy sector.
Dairying prior to operation flood
The earliest attempts at dairy development can be traced back to British rule, when the Defence Department established military dairy farms to ensure the supply of milk and butter to the colonial army. The first of these farms was set up in Allahabad in 1913; subsequent facilities were established at Bangalore, Ootacamund and Karnal. These farms were well maintained and, even in the early stages, improved milch animals were raised. As animals were reared under farm conditions, some herd improvement was made using artificial insemination. This approach did not have any impact on the supply of milk to urban consumers, which was of major concern to civilian authorities but less important to the military. With the growth of the population in urban areas, consumers had to depend on milk vendors who kept cattle in these areas and sold their milk, often door-to-door. As a result, several cattle sheds came into existence in different cities. This was not an environmentally sound approach. As the main objective of the milk vendors was to maximize profit, they started increasing the lactation period by using the focus system. In the process, these highyielding cattle developed sterility problems, which considerably reduced the number of carvings. Once the cattle became unproductive, they were sold to slaughterhouses. This practice systematically drained the country of its genetically superior breeds. To some extent, the Second World War gave impetus to private dairies with modestly modernized processing facilities. In the cities of Bombay, Calcutta, Madras and Delhi, and even in some large townships, processed milk, table butter and ice-cream were available, though not on a large scale. Polsons, Keventers and the Express Dairy were some of the pioneer urban processing dairies. These dairies were not concerned with improving the breed of milch animals reared in rural pockets but instead were content with contracting milk supplies through middlemen or their own staff. Milk producers as well as consumers were exploited. These early modern systems did not bring about significant shifts in milk
production, nor did they develop quality milch animals. To a large extent, despite modernized processing facilities, dairying remained unorganized. With the initiation of India's first Five-Year Plan in 1951, modernization of the dairy industry became a priority for the government. The goal was to provide hygienic milk to the country's growing urban population. Initial government action in this regard consisted of organizing "milk schemes" in large cities. To stimulate milk production, the government implemented the Integrated Cattle Development Project (ICDP) and the Key Village Scheme (KVS), among other similar programmes. In the absence of a stable and remunerative market for milk producers, however, milk production remained more or less stagnant. During the two decades between 1951 and 1970, the growth rate in milk production was barely 1 percent per annum, while per caput milk consumption declined by an equivalent amount. During the 1960s, various state governments tried out different strategies to develop dairying, including establishing dairies run by their own departments, setting up cattle colonies in urban areas and organizing milk schemes. Almost invariably, dairy processing plants were built in cities rather than in the milksheds where milk was produced. This urban orientation to milk production led to the establishment of cattle colonies in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. These government projects had extreme difficulties in organizing rural milk procurement and running milk schemes economically, yet none concentrated on creating an organized system for procurement of milk, which was left to contractors and middlemen. Milk's perishable nature and relative scarcity gave the milk vendors leverage, which they used to considerable advantage. This left government-run dairy plants to use large quantities of relatively cheap, commercially imported milk powder. The daily per caput availability of milk dropped to a mere 107 g during this time. High-fat buffalo milk was extended with imported milk powder to bring down the milk price, which resulted in a decline in domestic milk production. As the government dairies were meeting barely one-third of the urban demand, the queues of consumers became longer while the rural milk producer was left in the clutches of the trader and the moneylender. All these factors combined left Indian dairying in a most unsatisfactory low-level equilibrium. The establishment and prevalence of cattle colonies emerged as a curse for dairying in the rural hinterland as it resulted in a major genetic drain on the rural milch animal population, which would never be replaced. City dairy colonies also contributed to environmental degradation, while the rural producer saw little reason to increase production.
Amul and the evolution of the Anand model
Milk procurement from the rural areas and its marketing in the urban areas was the major problem in Indian dairying at the time India gained independence. In one of the earliest urban milk supply schemes, Polsons - a private dairy at Anand - procured milk from milk producers through middlemen, processed it and then sent the milk to Bombay, some 425 km away (Korten, 1981). Bombay was a good market for milk and Polsons profited immensely. In the mid-1940s, when the milk producers in Kaira asked for a proportionate share of the trade margins, they were denied even a modest increase. The milk producers went on strike, refusing to supply milk to Polsons. On the advice of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, a leader in India's independence movement, the milk producers registered the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union, now popularly known as AMUL, in 1946. The
Kaira union procured milk from affiliated village-level milk societies. This was the genesis of organized milk marketing in India, a pioneering effort that opened a new vista for dairy development in the country (see Box). Between 1946 and 1952, AMUL's policy was directed towards obtaining monopoly rights for the sale of milk to the Bombay milk scheme. In 1952, it succeeded in achieving its purpose after the Government of Bombay cancelled the contract with Polsons and handed over the entire business of supplying milk from the Kaira district to AMUL. However, as the Bombay milk scheme was committed to purchasing all the milk produced by the Aarey Milk Colony in Bombay, it would not take AMUL's milk during the peak winter months. The disposal of this surplus milk posed difficulties for AMUL, forcing it to cut down on purchases from its member societies, which affected members' confidence. The answer was the production of milk products: in 1955, a new dairy plant was set up at Anand to produce butter, ghee and milk powder. A second dairy was built in 1965, and a product manufacturing unit was established in 1971 to cope with increasing milk procurement. In 1993, a fully automatic modern dairy was constructed adjacent to the original AMUL dairy plant at Anand. AMUL formed the basis for the Anand Model of dairying. The basic unit in this model is the milk producers' cooperative society at the village level. These cooperatives are organizations of milk producers who wish to market their milk collectively. Membership is open to all who need the cooperative's services and who are willing to accept the responsibilities of being a member. Decisions are taken on the basis of one member exercising one vote. No privilege accrues to capital, and the economic returns, whether profit or loss, are divided among the members in proportion to patronage. Each cooperative is expected to carry out the continuing education of its members, elected leaders and employees. All the milk cooperatives in a district form a union that, ideally, has its own processing facilities. All the unions in a state are normally members of a federation whose prime responsibility is the marketing of milk and milk products outside the state. There is also a fourth tier, the National Cooperative Dairy Federation of India (NCDFI), which is a national-level body that formulates policies and programmes designed to safeguard the interests of all milk producers. Each tier of the Anand organizational structure performs a unique function: procurement and services by the cooperative; processing by the union; marketing by the state federation; and advancing the interests of the cooperative dairy industry by the national federation. Thus, the Anand Model has evolved into an integrated approach to systematic dairy development.
Facts about the Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union (AMUL) Established in 1946 - two societies collected 250 lures of milk Competed with Persons to supply milk to Bombay 1952 - Bombay Government terminated Persons contract and signed with AMUL
1955 - dairy and milk powder plant was established with aid from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 1960 - AMUL pioneered production of milk powder and baby food from buffalo milk AMUL - meets producer demand for critical inputs, veterinary services, artificial insemination and feed Today AMUL members supply more than 1 million lures of milk per day AMUL sells 400 tonnes of cattle feed every month
Operation flood
The strategy for organized dairy development in India was actually conceived in the late 1960s, within a few years after the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was founded in 1965. It rested on the Operation Flood programme, which was conceived by the NDDB and endorsed by the government. Operation Flood is a unique approach to dairy development. During the 1970s, dairy commodity surpluses were building up in Europe, and Dr Verghese Kurien, the founding chairman of NDDB, saw in those surpluses both a threat and an opportunity. The threat was massive exports of low-cost dairy products to India, which, had it occurred, would have tolled the death-knell for India's staggering dairy industry. The large quantities that India was already importing had eroded domestic markets to the point where dairying was not viable. The opportunity, on the other hand, was built into the Operation Flood strategy. Designed basically as a marketing project, Operation Flood recognized the potential of the European surpluses as an investment in the modernization of India's dairy industry. With the assistance of the World Food Programme, food aid - in the form of milk powder and butter oil - was obtained from the countries of the European Economic Community (EEC) to finance the programme. It was the first time in the history of economic development that food aid was seen as an important investment resource. Use of food aid in this way is antiinflationary, it provides a buffer stock to stabilize market fluctuations and it can be used to prime the pump of markets that will later be supplied by domestic production. The overriding objective of all aid is, or rather should be, the elimination of the need for aid. The use of food aid as an investment is the most effective way of achieving this objective. Operation Flood is a programme designed to develop dairying by replicating the Anand Model for dairy development, which has stood the test of time for almost half a century. The first phase of Operation Flood was launched in 1970 following an agreement with the World Food Programme, which undertook to provide as aid 126000 tonnes of skim milk powder and 42000 tonnes of butter oil to finance the programme. The programme involved organizing dairy cooperatives at the village level; creating the physical and institutional infrastructure for milk procurement, processing, marketing and production enhancement services at the union level; and establishing dairies in India's major metropolitan centres. The main thrust was to set up dairy cooperatives in India's best milksheds, linking them with the four main cities of Bombay, Calcutta, Delhi and Madras, in which a commanding share of the milk market was to be captured. In achieving that goal,
the first phase of Operation Flood laid the foundation for India's modern dairy industry, an industry that would ultimately meet the country's need for milk and milk products. The second phase of the programme was implemented between 1981 and 1985. Designed to build on the foundation laid in the first phase, it integrated the Indian Dairy Associationassisted dairy development projects being implemented in some Indian states into the overall programme. About US$150 million was provided by the World Bank, with the balance of project financing obtained in the form of commodity assistance from the EEC. The current, third phase of Operation Flood aims at ensuring that the cooperative institutions become self-sustaining. With an investment of US$360 million from the World Bank, commodity and cash assistance from the EEC and NDDB's own internal resources, the programme envisages substantial expansion of the dairy processing and marketing facilities; an extended milk procurement infrastructure; increased outreach of production enhancement activities; and professionalization of management in the dairy institutions.
National dairy development board
In October 1964, on the occasion of the inauguration of AMUL's cattle feed plant, the then Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri, spent the night as the guest of a village milk cooperative society near Anand. Impressed by the socio-economic changes brought about by the milk cooperatives, he expressed the desire for a national-level organization to replicate Anand Model dairy cooperatives throughout the country and to make available multidisciplinary, professional dairy expertise to dairies in the public and cooperative sectors. Thus, in 1965, NDDB was registered under the Societies Registration Act, the Charitable Trust Act and the Public Trust Act. Consistent with its model and mandate, NDDB headquarters were established at Anand. 1 Operation Flood: Anand Model milk cooperative societies - Opration abondance: soclts laltlres coopratives du Modle Anand - Operacin abundancia: sistema Anand de sociedades cooperativas lecheras 2 Operation Flood: milksheds - Opration abondance: bassins laitiers - Operacin abundancia: regiones abastecedoras de leche 3 Operation Flood: farmer members - Opration abondance: agriculteurs membres Operacin abundancia: agricultores miembros During its initial stages, NDDB was assisted financially by the Government of India, the Danish Government and by AMUL. It also received aid from the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in the form of teaching material and equipment. In 1969, when the Government of India approved the Operation Flood programme and its financing through the monetization of World Food Programme-gifted commodities, it was found that the statutes under which NDDB was registered did not provide for handling of government funds. Therefore, in 1970 the government established a public-sector company, the Indian Dairy Corporation. The IDC was given responsibility for receiving the project's donated commodities; testing their quality; their storage and transfer to user dairies; and
receiving the dairies' payments. Thus, it served as a finance-cum-promotion entity while the entire Operation Flood technical support was provided by NDDB. To avoid-any duplication in their activities or overlap of functions, the IDC and NDDB were eventually merged into a newly constituted NDDB by an Act of Parliament passed in October 1987. The Act designated the NDDB as an institution of national importance and accorded it the same autonomy of operation that it had enjoyed and which had been a major factor in its success.
Operation Flood may be considered the central event of twentieth-century dairying in India. An analysis of the lessons learned through the implementation of the programme should be useful for those involved in formulating dairy development policies and programmes for the developing nations of Asia and Africa. The network of cooperative institutions created through the Operation Flood programme now comprises 70000 dairy cooperative societies in 170 milksheds, encompassing 8.4 million milk-producer families (Figures 1 to 3). Average milk procurement by these cooperatives has now reached some 12.3 million kg per day (Figure 4), of which 8.2 million litres are marketed as liquid milk, while the remainder is converted into products such as milk powder, butter, cheese, ghee and a wide range of traditional milk products. Milkprocessing capacity of approximately 15.6 million litres per day, chilling capacity of 6.5 million litres per day and milk powder production capacity of 726 tonnes per day have been established through the programme. One of the challenging aspects of dairy development in a tropical or subtropical country is the movement of milk over long distances. In Operation Flood, this has been made possible through the operation of about 140 insulated rail milk tankers, each with a capacity of 40000 litres, supplemented by another 25 rail tankers of 21000-litre capacity. Approximately 1000 other insulated road milk tankers operate throughout the country as well. This has enabled the operation of a national milk grid, balancing regional fluctuations in milk procurement and demand-and-supply gaps resulting from concentrated production of liquid milk in selected milksheds. To balance seasonal variations in milk supply and demand caused by low milk production during the summer months, a large milk powder storage capacity has been created for buffer stocking. The investment and achievements in modernizing the Indian dairy industry have had a major impact on milk production. Annual production, which had stagnated to between 20 million and 22 million tonnes during the 1960s, has steadily increased to around 59 million tonnes (Figure 5), an annual growth rate of about 7.8 percent. Per caput availability of milk, which had declined consistently during the two decades between 1951 and 1970, dropping to 107 g at the start of Operation Flood, is now 187 g per day (Figure 6), despite a substantial increase in population. Had family-planning programmes achieved the same success as Operation Flood, the per caput consumption rate would be comparable to all but those of the leading dairying nations.
Commercial imports of dairy commodities were a regular feature in the 1950s and 1960s, comprising 50 to 60 percent of the dairy industry's total throughput. Today, imports of dairy commodities are restricted to those donated by the EEC for implementing Operation Flood (Mielke, 1993) and their percentage of the total dairy throughput is negligible. All these developments have helped raise India to the rank of the second-largest producer of milk in the world, next only to the United States. A number of programmer and policies have played a role in this success. Certainly, the introduction of modern technology, both at the farmer level and in the processing of milk and products, has been important. Similarly, establishing an urban market has provided the stability necessary to encourage farmers to invest in increased milk production. The induction of professional managers to serve farmers has reversed the usual pattern of farmers as supplicants and officials as "benefactors". Perhaps most important, however, is the cooperative structure itself. By giving farmers command over the resources they create, Operation Flood has ensured that they receive the maximum return from each rupee spent by consumers on milk and milk products, and it is this that has provided the incentive on which the growth of the dairy industry has been based. The success of Operation Flood has resolved many difficult issues relating to development. It has demonstrated how food aid can be used to enhance domestic production if administered with care. It has also shown how technology can be harnessed so that neither the dependence on imported technology nor its capital intensity become counterproductive. Some of the dairy plants set up by NDDB during the implementation of Operation Flood are based on the latest technology and are comparable to those in advanced countries. The unique cooperative infrastructure with which NDDB works makes the adoption of technologies and the dissemination of knowledge relatively easy, and this has enabled Operation Flood to facilitate the application of modern technologies to enhance milk production. 4 Operation Flood: rural milk procurement - Opration abondance: achats de lait en zone rurale - Operacin abundancia: compra de leche en el medio rural 2 Milk production In India - Production de lait en Inde - Produccin de leche en la India Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. 6 Per caput milk consumption In India - Consommation de lait par habitant en Inde Consumo de leche por habitante en la India Source: Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. After a long struggle, India has overcome a situation that, at least in some respects, may be similar to those prevailing in a number of Asian and African countries and has built a modern dairy sector, responsive to the needs of milk producers. It has had to deal with a stagnant dairy industry in which cheap, subsidized imports were a disincentive to the farmers. It has had to overcome the negative effects of consumer-oriented programmer that managed to keep prices low for the urban lite while depressing the price of milk in rural
milksheds. It has had to deal with the lethargy and bureaucratic orientation of state enterprise in dairying. While there are still challenges to be met, the foundation for an even stronger dairy industry is now in place. Therefore, India's experience may offer lessons, as well as some of the elements of a model, for other countries. Early in the last decade, NDDB was asked to explore the possibilities of introducing the Anand Model into a number of countries and has responded by sending investigative teams into those countries. FAO, EEC and the World Bank, having recognized the potential of the Anand Model, are considering financing similar projects in Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Bangladesh. Commodity financing of projects such as Operation Flood by the more advanced countries not only relieves some of their accumulated surplus, but it also strengthens the economies of the countries that receive assistance. And, if we truly believe that the proper objective of aid is to end the need for aid, then this is certainly an important way of achieving that goal. Most important, Operation Flood has demonstrated that India's rural population possesses enormous energy, initiative and wisdom - all that was needed was an opportunity to control the resources that it had created. With the talent, resources and experience that emerged, what could not be achieved if these were put to work in the service of milk producers in Africa and Asia? +
FAO. 1993. Commodity review and outlook, 1992-93. Rome. Gupta, P.R., ed. 1983. Dairy India 1983, p. 21. New Delhi, Rekha Printers Pvt. Ltd. Gupta, P.R., ed. 1987. Dairy India 1987, p. 9. New Delhi, Rekha Printers Pvt. Ltd. Korten, D.C. 1981. Rural development programming: the learning process approach, p. 18. Rural Development Committee, Winter 1981, Rural Development Participation Review 2. Ithaca, NY, USA, Cornell University. Mielke, T., ed. 1993. Oil world annual. Hamburg, Germany, ISTA Mielke GmbH. Zuvakis, C., Jr. 1979. Economic development: an introduction, p. 227-228. New York, NY, USA, St Martin's Press.
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These Slow Cooker Ribs are the perfect way to get melt in the mouth pork ribs [other than giving a long slow smoke]. Just simply throw all the ingredients into a slow cooker and finish off in the oven or on a bbq for perfect res every time.
500ml BBQ sauce try our bbq sauce here. A store bought one will work.
Pour the chicken stock into the slow cooker add the garlic and mix well.
Add the ribs to the slow cooker [you may need to cut the rack in half.
Cover ribs with BBQ sauce, reserve a 100ml sauce for basting the ribs when cooked.
Cook on low for 8hrs for meat that falls from the bone or 6 hrs for meat with more of a bite.
After the 6 or 8hrs carefully remove ribs from slow cooker place on a baking tray, baste with some of the remaining sauce and bake for 10-25 mins until beginning to char and crisp up around the edges.
Remove the ribs from the oven and serve with any remaining sauce.


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Disney and Pixar's Turning Red to Premiere Exclusively on Disney+
Today, Disney Media & Entertainment Distribution announced that Disney and Pixar's Turning Red will premiere exclusively in homes worldwide on Disney+ on Friday, March 11.
"Disney+ subscribers around the world enthusiastically embraced Pixar's Academy Award-winning Soul and the critically-acclaimed Luca when they premiered exclusively on the service and we look forward to bringing them Pixar's next incredible feature film Turning Red," said Kareem Daniel, Chairman, Disney Media & Entertainment Distribution.
"Given the delayed box office recovery, particularly for family films, flexibility remains at the core of our distribution decisions as we prioritize delivering the unparalleled content of The Walt Disney Company to audiences around the world."
Disney and Pixar's Turning Red introduces Mei Lee (voice of Rosalie Chiang), a confident, dorky 13-year-old torn between staying her mother's dutiful daughter and the chaos of adolescence. Her protective, if not slightly overbearing mother, Ming (voice of Sandra Oh), is never far from her daughter—an unfortunate reality for the teenager. And as if changes to her interests, relationships and body weren't enough, whenever she gets too excited (which is practically ALWAYS), she "poofs" into a giant red panda!
Directed by Academy Award winner Domee Shi (Pixar short Bao) and produced by Lindsey Collins Turning Red' releases on March 11, 2022.
In international markets where Disney+ is not yet available, the film will be released theatrically, with premiere dates to be announced.
Disney+ is the dedicated streaming home for movies and shows from Disney, Pixar, Marvel, Star Wars, and National Geographic, along with The Simpsons and much more. In select international markets, it also includes the new general entertainment content brand, Star. The flagship direct-to-consumer streaming service from The Walt Disney Company, Disney+ is part of the Disney Media & Entertainment Distribution segment. The service offers commercial-free streaming alongside an ever-growing collection of exclusive originals, including feature-length films, documentaries, live-action and animated series, and short-form content. With unprecedented access to Disney's long history of incredible film and television entertainment, Disney+ is also the exclusive streaming home for the newest releases from The Walt Disney Studios. Disney+ is available as a standalone streaming service or as part of The Disney Bundle that gives subscribers access to Disney+, Hulu, and ESPN+. For more, visit disneyplus.com, or find the Disney+ app on most mobile and connected TV devices.
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The 2016–17 CSA Women's Provincial League was the 22nd edition of South Africa's provincial one-day cricket tournament. It ran from October 2016 to April 2017, with 16 provincial teams taking part. North West beat Gauteng in the final to win their first one-day title.

Competition format
The 16 teams were divided into three divisions: a top division named "Top 6", and two lower divisions, Pools A and B. Teams played each other team in their group once in a round-robin format, with matches played using a one day format with 50 overs per side.

All six teams in the Top 6 group progressed to a further round of groups, joined by the best-placed team across Pool A and B. The seven teams were divided into two groups, playing each other team in their group once. The top four teams from this stage progressed to the semi-finals, whilst the bottom three teams were joined by the other Pool stage group winner in a series of placing matches. The top six placed sides in these matches qualified for the next season's Top 6 league.

The tournament ran concurrently with the 2016–17 CSA Women's Provincial T20 Competition, with matches played either the day before or day after the corresponding encounter between two teams in the T20 tournament. To maintain this link for the following season, promotion and relegation in the Provincial T20 Competition was determined by standings in the Provincial League.

The groups worked on a points system with positions being based on the total points. Points were awarded as follows:

Win: 4 points
Tie: 3 points
Loss: 0 points.
Abandoned/No Result: 2 points.
Bonus Point: 1 bonus point available per match.

Teams

Group stages

First round

Top 6

Pool A

Pool B

 Advanced to the second round group stages, joining the Top 6 teams

Second round

Week Pool A

Week Pool B

 Advanced to the semi-finals

Knockout stages

Semi-finals

Final

Final placings
In addition to the semi-finals and final, a number of placing matches took place at the University of the Free State between 1 and 3 April 2017. The top six finishers qualified for the Top 6 league in the following season's tournament. Final placings of the top eight teams were as follows:

References

Domestic cricket competitions in 2016–17
2016–17 South African cricket season
2016 in South African women's sport
2017 in South African women's sport

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Organise an event to help raise money for SING.
Host a SING banner on your website to show your support.
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I recently came across an interesting character, Susun Weed – she's a four time best-selling author and has been teaching herbal medicine for longer than I've been on the planet! She has a wealth of knowledge and I was recently listening to her talk about the way we brew our herbal teas. We know that herbs have incredible healing and health promoting benefits – but according to her, the two or three minutes that we let it steep, just isn't enough to really extract those benefits. She recommend at least eight hours to get the full potential.
So at night, I started steeping my tea in a glass jar. In the morning, I drink it as a cold tea, I actually prefer it as is, but if you wanted, you could add a little honey to sweeten. It makes for a really refreshing drink and according to her, a much healthier one too! PS – if you make green shakes, I've used my tea as the water base, and it works great!
Susun Weed is definitely a character, but full of interesting information – if you are interested in the world of herbs, check her out!


> over a month of editorial work if both Gregg and I are working on it.
I can help if needed!?
specifying the API. We don't even know yet how people end up using JSON-LD.
we might need to spend much more time on.
I doubt we will meet those deadlines.
> End of May 2012: Start JSON-LD WG at W3C.
Why can't we do that immediately after the syntax spec is complete?
Previous message: Markus Lanthaler: "RE: FYI: Interesting dicussion over at rest-discuss"
In reply to: Manu Sporny: "Timeline and priorities"
Reply: Manu Sporny: "Re: Timeline and priorities"


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JA Solar Supplies Solar Modules for an 110MW PV Project in Kansai, Japan
JA Solar announced recently that it has won the order to supply Mono PERC MBB modules for the 110MW photovoltaic (PV) power plant in Kansai, Japan, which is the largest single PV project in the country so far. Scheduled to connect to the grid in March 2022, the plant will generate 150 million kWh of electricity and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 50,000 tons every year.
Since it entered the Japanese market in 2011, JA Solar has gained a strong footprint in the local PV market with its superior mono and multi solar products benefitting from its strong technical power. As one of the pioneer PV manufacturers to industrialize PERC technology, and the only Chinese PV manufacturer with a PV product patent granted in Japan, JA Solar incorporates the customer-centered services and superior products featuring state-of-the-art PV technologies, and enjoys a high respect in the Japanese market. By the end of 2019, JA Solar's total shipment of PV modules to Japan exceeded 4GW, taking up more than 10% of the market share.
"As a country with a mature photovoltaic industry, Japanese customers have higher requirements for the quality and efficiency of solar products. Over the past nine years, JA Solar's products have maintained high recognition in the Japanese market, thanks to their superior quality and performance," Jin Baofang, Chairman of the Board of Directors and CEO of JA Solar, commented. "Looking forward, we will continue to develop high-efficiency PV technologies to provide our global customers with better products."
SOURCE JA Solar Technology Co., Ltd
https://www.jasolar.com/
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Lincoln shop numbers continue to fall, study shows
Emily Norton
12:33 pm This story is over
Lincoln High Street
The number of shops in Lincoln city centre fell again in the first half of 2015, with more businesses closing than opening, according to a region-wide study.
New PricewaterhouseCoopers research, compiled by the Local Data Company, showed that while 11 businesses closed between January 2015 and June 2015, only three opened, leaving a total of 246 businesses.
The figures represent one of the highest net reductions in the whole of the East Midlands region.
As previously reported, 2014 saw 25 shops close in Lincoln, with mobile phone shops and video stores accounting for many of the closures.
Now, PwC states that cheque cashing, women's clothing shops, bakers and banks appear to be suffering, while thriving industries in the East Midlands include charity shops, discount stores and pizza takeaways.
The number of shops across the East Midlands also showed a net reduction of 37 shops, a decrease however on the number of businesses shutting up shop compared with the same six month period for the beginning of 2014.
Andy Lyon, partner and retail specialist at PwC in the East Midlands.
Andy Lyon, partner and retail specialist at PwC in the East Midlands, said: "This latest data shows that changes are continuing to take place across the region's town centres, but the pace at which closures are happening is slowing.
"The closures are caused by sector- specific factors – regulation is hurting money shops, the internet is hurting traditional bricks and mortar fashion chains.
"The shifts in retailers' store portfolios are a barometer for changes in society's shopping habits. Closures in areas such as cheque cashing, women's fashion and banks reflect the change in how consumers are spending and the increasing competition from online services.
"In the region, traditional shops continue to be replaced by leisure (food, beverage and entertainment) and services have continued to decline especially in the area of financial services. As leases come up for renewal and town centres continue to diversify then further changes are expected for the foreseeable future."
Lincolnshire home broadband speeds to be boosted by exclusive technology
Lincoln council leader to make business case for paying living wage
5 bedroom Barn Conversion for sale
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A3 – Restaurants / Cafes, Residential, Commercial
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Laundry Business For Sale
REDUCED – Residential/Commercial (land)
Investment Take Away Property For Sale
Home & Giftware Business for Sale
City Centre Ground Floor Retail/Office Premises To Let
A4-Pubs/Bars/Clubs


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LORRAINNE
DJane name LORRAINNE
LORRAINNE Biography
Melodic and deep, LORRAÎNNE is pure emotion. She brings authentic and breathtaking melodies to the most powerful basslines and drums, wrapping the audience in a sublime energetic atmosphere that unleashes the movement of your body while intoxicating your heart and mind.
Born in Spain, LORRAÎNNE is a music producer and DJ based in London, whose endless passion for music led her to fall in love with electronic sound.
Emerging rapidly in the music scene, Lorrainne began her career as a producer back in 2017. Since then, many original tracks, collaborations and remixes have been released with great record labels including Krafted, Awen and Onism, reaching excellent positions in the Top 100 charts on Beatport every time.
She has already left her footprint performing in cities like Berlin, Ibiza, London or Madrid, as well as appearing on live stream on various international radios channels, including the well known Bloop London Radio or the legendary Frisky Radio, where she hosts her own monthly show "Magnet".
She has also given several interviews in different magazines across the globe, including DJ Mag Spain, Vicious Magazine Spain, Frisky News New York, Tanzgemeinschaft Belgium and Zone Magazine UK.
Following a solid principle "work hard, dream harder", her music is constantly evolving, taking the audience on a journey full of moving, rhythmic and hypnotic sounds that will leave no one untouched.


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Archive for the 'Scoop.it' Category
Stirling Behavioural Science Blog : Loss aversion in penalty shootouts
By Alessandro Cerboni Leave a Commento
Categories: Scoop.it
Kahneman discusses this phenomenon in his book Thinking Fast and Slow in the context of golf, where loss aversion actually improves performance:
"Failing to make par is a loss, but missing a birdies putt is a foregone gain, not a loss. [Devin] Pope and [Maurice] Schweitzer reasoned from loss aversion that players would try a little harder when putting for par (to avoid a bogey) than when putting for a birdie. They analyzed more than 2.5 million putts in exquisite detail to test that prediction. They were right. Whether the putt was easy or hard, at every distance from the hole, the players were more successful when putting for par [i.e. avoiding a loss] than for a birdie [i.e. achieving a gain]. The difference in their rate of success when going for par (to avoid a bogey) or for a birdie was 3.6%.
This difference is not trivial. Tiger Woods was one of the "participants" in their study. If in his best years Tiger Woods had managed to putt as well for birdies as he did for par, his average tournament score would have improved by one stroke and his earnings by almost $1 million per season."
Source: economicspsychologypolicy.blogspot.it
Social norms, morals and self-interest as determinants of pro-environment behaviour
Abstract: This paper considers the role which selfish, moral and social incentives and pressures play in explaining the extent to which stated choices over pro-environment behaviours vary across individuals. The empirical context is choices over household waste contracts and recycling actions in Poland. A theoretical model is used to show how cost-based motives and the desire for a positive self- and social image combine to determine the utility from alternative choices of recycling behaviour. We then describe a discrete choice experiment designed to empirically investigate the effects such drivers have on stated choices. Using a latent class model, we distinguish three types of individual who are described as duty-orientated recyclers, budget recyclers and homo oeconomicus. These groups vary in their preferences for how frequently waste is collected, and the number of categories into which household waste must be recycled. Our results have implications for the design of future policies aimed at improving participation in recycling schemes.
Source: www.wne.uw.edu.pl
A Theory of Representative Behavior in the Dictator Game
Abstract: In this paper we present a model of representative behavior in the dictator game. Individuals have simultaneous and non-contradictory preferences over monetary payoffs, altruistic actions and equity concerns. We require that these behaviors must be aggregated and founded in principles of representativeness and empathy. The model results match closely the observed mean split and replicate other empirical regularities (for instance, higher stakes reduce the willingness to give). In addition, we connect representative behavior with an allocation rule built on psychological and behavioral arguments. An approach consistently neglected in this literature. Key words: Dictator Game, Behavioral Allocation Rules, Altruism, Equity Concerns, Empathy, Self-interest JEL classification
Source: www.recercat.cat
Cyberloafing at Work Makes You More Productive — PsyBlog
Surfing the web at work for leisure makes you 9% more productive, a new study finds. Now there's something positive to tell your boss the next time you're caught on Facebook or YouTube at work. A new study finds that taking a break at work to browse the internet can boost your performance at work (Coker, 2014).
Dr. Brent Coker of Melbourne University was inspired to carry out the research after he forwarded a YouTube video to his sister.
Source: www.spring.org.uk
The Human Brain Project – Human Brain Project
Understanding the human brain is one of the greatest challenges facing 21st century science. If we can rise to it, we can gain profound insights into what makes us human, build revolutionary computing technologies and develop new treatments for brain disorders. Today, for the first time, modern ICT has brought these goals within reach.
The members of the HBP are saddened by the open letter posted on neurofuture.eu on 7 July 2014, as we feel that it divides rather than unifies our efforts to understand the brain. However, we recognize that the signatories have important concerns about the project. Here we try to clarify some of the main issues they touch on. We also invite the signatories to discuss their concerns in a direct scientific exchange with scientists leading the HBP and its subprojects.
Source: www.humanbrainproject.eu
The scientific illusion of 'modern' macroeconomics
from Lars Syll Deductivist modeling endeavours and an overly simplistic use of statistical and econometric tools are sure signs of the explanatory hubris that still haunts neoclassical mainstream
In a recent interview Robert Lucas says he now believes that
the evidence on postwar recessions … overwhelmingly supports the dominant importance of real shocks.
So, according to Lucas, changes in tastes and technologies should be able to explain the main fluctuations in e.g. the unemployment that we have seen during the last six or seven decades. But really — not even a Nobel laureate could in his wildest imagination come up with any warranted and justified explanation solely based on changes in tastes and technologies.
The Chicago übereconomist is simply wrong. But how do we protect ourselves from this kind of scientific nonsense? In The Scientific Illusion in Empirical Macroeconomics Larry Summers has a suggestion well worth considering — not the least since it makes it easier to understand how mainstream neoclassical economics actively has contributed to causing today's economic crisis rather than to solving it
Source: rwer.wordpress.com
Neuromarketing: Capitalism's Mindfuck. Maybe.Critical-Theory.com
Marketers are always looking for new ways to get you to buy their useless shit. It's no surprise then that the average consumer receives, on average, over 10,000 selling messages a day. But marketing, which was once an art of intuition, guessing and half-assed test groups, is becoming notably creepier. Enter neuromarketing, a rapidly growing field of study in neuroscience and marketing. Neuromarketing is the terrifying intersection between neuroscience's continued exploration of the brain and advertising's lust to exploit said exploration for profit. Neuromarketers use brain scans and neuroimaging to figure out which of those 10,000 messages will actually make us buy shit without thinking or questioning. In short, it's like if "1984" and "They Live" had a baby and named it "exactly this." The emerging field began in 1997 with an article written by Wolfram Shultz on the physiology of prediction and reward. It was Schultz's work, in conjunction with other pioneering neuroscientists,
Source: www.critical-theory.com
RT @QuantaMagazine: What can scientists learn by studying the collective behavior of animals the way they would study peanut butter? Appare… 23 hours ago


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Coming up in 2022
Description/Cost
Movies in the Park July TBA
October TBA Dusk between 8:30-8:45pm. Jacob Myers Park
Bring your family, blankets, and chairs for a movie on the big screen at the park! Movies begin at Dusk.
Riverbank Cheese & Wine Festival 10/14 & 10/15, 2023 Saturday Oct. 14th, 10-8pm.
Sunday Oct. 15th, 10-6pm. Downtown Riverbank The 45th Annual Riverbank Cheese & Wine Festival 2022 is back this year! Come join us for this free family event that will include arts & crafts, wine tasting, beer garden, food and commercial vendors.
Tasting fee TBA (in advance)
Price at the door to be announced.
Día de Los Muertos Friday October 27th, 2023 5pm-8pm. Downtown Riverbank Come and celebrate with us the life of loved ones that have passed on, in this world-famous Mexican cultural event. There will be food, music, altars and a Catrin contest. If you would like to have an altar or participate in a contest, please contact us.
54th Annual Christmas Parade & Craft Fair Saturday Dec. 9th, 2023 12pm-8:00pm Downtown Riverbank on Santa Fe between 3rd and 7th. Join us for a day of holiday fun! Festivities will be kicked off with the Holiday Craft Fair. The craft fair will then be followed by our 52nd Annual Christmas Parade. The parade will begin at the corner of 6th and Santa Fe. The parade will include lit-up cars, motorcycles, floats, marching bands, horses and more! For parade information, vendor registration, please call the Parks and Recreation Department at (209) 863-7150. Awards will be given out by the judges at the Tree Lighting ceremony for the most beautiful and creative groups. Santa will arrive for the tree lighting and pictures. Vendor and participant applications for the parade and craft fair can be found below!
Application Links
For more information please call 209-863-7150
Movies in the Park


One of the most important ways of determining the Level of Care you need for a loved one is the number of ADLs they need assistance with along with the amount of assistance needed.
They include the basic levels of self care; ambulation, feeding, dressing, bowel and bladder management (toileting), transfers (bed, toilet, wheelchair) and hygiene/grooming.
How Much Assistance is Needed?
Your loved one may be able to walk, but needs to use a walker, and must have help going up or down stairs. He can feed himself, but needs help preparing meals and cleaning up. He can dress himself if someone helps select his clothing and assists him with his socks and shoes. He can get undressed by himself. He needs help with bathing as he can't get in and out of the tub alone. He is able to use the toilet, but occasionally has accidents if he waits too long to go. Reminders would help.
Many private care, non-medical service agencies offer a wake-up and /or good-night care from a CNA (certified nursing assistant) or HHA(home health aide). wake-up careis comprised of a visit in the morning to help clients get ready for the day including grooming and hygiene which could include bathing if desired and dressing. The aide can prepare and serve a morning meal, and perhaps make a sandwich to be eaten at lunch.
The good-night care would be for bathing or bedtime care. Perhaps it could be scheduled to include meal prep for dinner or an evening snack. Or it can be schedule later in the evening and the aide can then tuck the patient in bed and make sure lights are out and the house is closed up and locked for the night.
Medication reminders can be given, but the medications have to be prepared in a med box, or the client able to dispense on his own from the prescription bottles. Only licensed nurses (RNs or LPNs) can dispense medications. Medications can be set up in a med box and labeled by family members. Med boxes are available for once a day dispensing or with multiple sections for several doses a day.
If your loved one needs assistance with IADLs (Instrumental ADLs) such as housework, meal preparation, shopping, managing money, using the telephone, or using transportation you may need to hire care for more hours/day or days/week. Other IADLs can include safety and caring for pets or others such as a spouse. These issues can require even more care.
Make a list of tasks that are essential for someone else to help your loved one with, and those which you can assist with, and discuss with the caregiving agency.
My best advise is to make sure you're hiring from a licensed and bonded agency. Not all agencies are created equal and not all are required to be licensed by your state. Licensed agencies are overseen and required to adhere to state requirements and standards of care for hiring and supervision to ensure safe, quality caregiving. Unlicensed agencies are not overseen to ensure that they adhere to standards of care. Some may provide excellent care, but if they don't there's no one to answer to. A licensed agency will have experienced nurses and personnel to assist you with selecting the type of care needed; where as the unlicensed agency may be run by a lay person with no caregiving experience.
If you hire privately, be sure to check references and have them demonstrate how they will assist your loved one with ADLs before hiring. You should observe any caregiver in the care they provide to ensure they meet your expectations.


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Advisory Board and Funders
Sue Van
President and CEO, Wallace H. Coulter Foundation
In 1999, the Foundation started programs in the fields of scientific and medical research. Domestic biomedical societies, such as the American Society of Hematology, the American Association of Clinical Chemistry, the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry, and others, were given substantial grants to teach state-of-the-art scientific and technological advances in less-resourced countries. In 2005, the Translational Research Program in Biomedical Engineering was launched to provide risk capital for universities to accelerate innovations and inventions from the academic laboratories to the patient bedside. Today, this program has produced more than $5 billion in follow-on funding and is considered the gold standard for university translational research.
The Foundation is the primary funder of civic engagement for Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, and the American Indian and Alaskan Natives. Both populations have been under-resourced and under-represented by the lack of philanthropic and government support for decades. They receive less than 20 cents per $100 of annual philanthropy, which is over $88 billion. These populations were invisible, with no voice and no seat at the table. Therefore, the vision and mission of Coulter is to build long-term power in both communities. We provide risk capital and seed investments to build capacity and infrastructure for national and state-based community organizations. With continuous multiyear general support, Coulter has instilled in these communities that electoral work is essential and critical for the American Dream.
Prior to establishing the operations of both foundations, Sue was the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Coulter Corporation, as well as the Trustee of both owners' personal trusts. She was responsible for the company's long-term strategy and financial and legal affairs. Coulter was the leader in global medical diagnostics that created and built the market for automated hematology, revolutionizing clinical laboratory medicine. Her background and experience were shaped by the private company which was # 1 in the world for over forty years.
Sue was born in Shanghai, China, and emigrated to the U.S. at the age of five. She has a B.A in Political Science from American University and an M.A. in International Affairs from George Washington University. Sue intends to close the Foundation in 2025 and the Trust shortly thereafter.


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"I'm tired": our naïve nostalgia for Madrid's no-frills bars
The Madrid No Frills Prints Collection
Gracias por su visita: A no-frills photography project about the Spanish tortilla
Seven no-frills decades of Estrecho's Bar Los Pepes
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Empty Spain: The Valley of Fornela
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The House of Suitcases
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Madrid's Human Beehive
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Madrid's golden age of commercial ceramic art
Visit Spain in the 1970s via a box of postcards found in El Rastro
Discover the juxtaposed remains of Madrid's 170-year-old aqueduct
The story of Madrid's hidden (and noseless) Virgin Mary statue
Map created under lockdown locates all graffiti artworks in Tetuán
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Snow in the Cañada
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We need to talk about racism towards Madrid's Chinese community
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The power and art of protest photography
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Bloggers of the Future! Enrol today!
The story of Madrid's most controversial prison
La cárcel de Carabanchel, Europe's biggest and most notorious prison until its closure in 1998, was built under General Franco's watch. Between 1940 and 1944, every wall was raised and every metal door was fitted by the same prisoners who would eventually do their time here. None dared lay a brick loosely or leave a screw untightened – this prison was a star-shaped fortress, and nobody was escaping.
A GHOST OF SPAIN
During the prison's relatively short lifespan of 55 years, it saw thousands of inmates walk in, but fewer walk out. There was torture, abuse, accidental deaths and numerous executions. If you were taken to Carabanchel prison as a political prisoner, a trade unionist, a terrorist or a homosexual, you were in for a rough ride.
It was a truly awful corner of Madrid that still haunts Spain to this day. At the time of its decommissioning in 1998, the around 2,000 men and 500 women detained there were transferred to surrounding prisons. The building was then heavily looted – its railings, doors and all accessible scrap metal were taken – and for 10 years la cárcel de Carabanchel stood abandoned.
Photographs below © Mark Parascandola.
THE CITY OF MISFITS
This prison may have been officially abandoned, but it wasn't empty. Forgotten groups of society saw it as a roof over their heads and moved in. Drug addicts, poverty-stricken people, unwanted immigrants and ex-offenders made these cells their home. Many artists also took up residence here – for them, the walls that held a thousand untold stories were a canvas for something new. Carabanchel prison was given a new lease of life as the city of misfits.
THE CONTROVERSIAL DEMOLITION
Spain is notorious for burying its dark past – they call it 'the pact of silence'. After Franco's death, those in power ordered shrapnel scars to be plastered over, records to be wiped, and voices to be silenced. But one ghost of Spain – a colossal reminder of the country's uncomfortable past – straddled the city's skyline all the way until 2008.
Not everyone accepts the pact of silence, though. There's a growing movement to remember the forgotten, exhume the buried and recount the untold stories. Local residents, historians, and family of former convicts fought for the central dome of this prison to be preserved. They wanted it to at least be converted into a theatre or library, or reused in some other way, in order to preserve a part of Spain's most infamous prison.
In 2008, on the cusp of the financial crisis, 10 years of discussions and protests over the fate of this decaying fortress came to an end and, to people's horror, demolition began.
The whole building was torn down, and only one small part remains: the former entrance. You can still go and see it on the north-west corner of the site, directly opposite Madrid's immigrant detention centre.
The entrance to la cárcel de Carabanchel | © Memoriasenred
A modest, miniature memorial made of red bricks and cement, just like the original Carabanchel prison, can also be found on the grounds of the demolished prison.
The memorial to Carabanchel prison | © 20minutos
It was apparently demolished to make way for new houses, a school, a theatre and a library, but the site of this former prison remains a vast, empty wasteland. To this day, protesters continue to gather en masse to express outrage at the poorly thought-out demolition of la cárcel de Carabanchel.
Footprints of the former prison are still visible. Here we can see the curved far end of one of the eight wings
Even under the illusion that the prison walls might once have been able to speak, they now no longer exist. However, I did stumble across one story, which was documented by a falsely imprisoned American by the name of C. Michael Bennit.
One afternoon, Bennit went to have his beard shaved in prison, and that's where he met Pablo, the barber.
Pablo is from a small village. He was a happy man with a childhood sweetheart. They planned to wed. One day, the village tough guy violated Pablo's girl when she walked home from school. Her face was beaten and bruised, and she sobbed in Pablo's arms. She begged Pablo to forgive her. She had tried to fight…
A week later, the tough guy came into the barbershop where Pablo worked. He specifically requested a shave from Pablo. They still talk about it in the village. How Pablo slit the man's throat, right where the thyroid protrudes. Zzzip the neck was severed and Pablo held the man's face to watch his own death in the mirror, as the blood spurted everywhere before the dying man's eyes!"
C. Michael Bennit served unjust time in Carabanchel prison in 1964. He never knew why he was there, yet somehow it's an experience he doesn't regret.
A physical connection to the past helps us preserve memories, especially when those who possess the first-hand accounts pass away. Stories can be told and repeated, and photographs seen, but it's not the same as standing inside that very same building or being able to touch a shrapnel scar.
With a physical link to the past, it's easier to close your eyes and hear the voices of those who can no longer speak, and this matters because it helps keep us at least one step away from ever making the same mistakes again.
WILL YOU SUPPORT MADRID NO FRILLS?
Four four years, I've been driven to bring you real-life stories told by the very communities that don't receive the coverage they deserve. Understand how racism, exploitation and poverty are pre-assigned fates chosen by those in power, and how communities experiencing this are overcoming it together. This growing platform that I created is for their stories to be told – for their unfiltered voice to be heard by you.
You may have noticed that, unlike the vast majority of publications, MNF remains free of ads, sponsors and rich investors. Independence is everything and I will not be influenced by those in a position of privilege or power. I must remain free to publish whatever I believe matters and strong enough to challenge the status quo. Therefore I invite only my audience to support this project and only you to help me keep doing what I do.
Support MNF for as little as $1 per month, which you can cancel at any time.
By becoming a paying Patron, you will gain immediate access to all my secret, behind-the-scenes posts where I talk about my creative process as well as the challenges of single-handedly running an outspoken publication. You will also get sneak peeks at upcoming articles, and receive a map of over 500 Madrid No Frills locations.
The story of Madrid's most controversial prison was last modified: December 17th, 2020 by Madrid No Frills
Sabores del Mundo: Peruvian soul food with a conscience
The vintage barber's that survived being on the frontline
Spain's struggle with gentrification, tourism and McDonald's
From Mauritania to Lavapiés: meet Usman, the alternative vegetable farmer
The night Madrileños took back their city
Welcome to the homeless camp on Paseo del Prado
The shrapnel-scarred bungalow challenging Spain's civil war amnesia
The death of the Spanish kiosk and the invasion of the biased newsfeed
Lavapiés: forever beaten but never defeated
Casa de Baños: washing with Madrid's homeless
The death of the Spanish bar and the invasion of the square plate
How a starry-eyed rumour of a better life brought this young Senegalese tailor to Madrid
The Nigerian church in the industrial outskirts of Madrid
The secret lives of Madrid's shanty town kids
The story of the little bookstore that helped save Mercado San Fernando
I felt my building rumble and thought it was an ea
💡 Today marks day 110 days without electricity
🌹The body of a man has emerged from beneath the
"Why don't people just get a shovel and clear
The incredible unmeltable Snow Abuelx of Vallekas!
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