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Tech Products for Good - Young People creating solutions to everyday problems
What makes our programme unique in many ways is that we create space for young people to work on projects that really truly matter to them.
When we first started Apps for Good, over 10 years ago, we had no idea what types of subjects that our students would choose to tackle.
We were more than pleasantly surprised. Each year we have been blown away by the compassion that these young people have shown when selecting the topics for their projects. Over the years we've seen projects that covered mental health, healthy eating, environmental issues, online safety, and education.
We've helped over 200,000 students through our courses, and we've lost count of the number of brilliant projects we've seen over the years. It's in the tens of thousands at least. Anyone that's had something to do with Apps for Good has a completely different favourite, we've chosen a few here that we think were particularly impressive, although the list could go on and on.
Transit - Central Foundation Girls School, Tower Hamlets - 2011
Transit is a Bengali to English translation app, the team designed it specifically to help parents communicate with their child's teachers at parents evening. The app was created by Mohima, Shanaz, Siddiquea and Sayema. Mohima went on to become an Apps for Good fellow and sits on our board.
When asked about the course in 2013 by Wired Magazine, Mohima said "There's always room for people to make something. It's not just for middle-class kids. We know more about what could help people in our communities than a bunch of middle-aged men in an office."
I'm Okay - Stratford Girls' Grammar School - 2014
For young people exploring sexuality and gender: read real-life stories from people who've been there plus resources and support services. The app was created by Alex, Emily, Josie and Katie. The team were surprised to find there wasn't an app out there to support young people exploring sexuality and gender. I'm Okay acts as a guide, with stories from people who've been there and links to helplines, resources, and explanations of terminology.
I'm Okay won the Information category supported by Thomson Reuters at our annual awards that year. As an Apps for Good Awards winner, the team worked with development agency Codeten to have their app built professionally and launched on to the market, with the support of Apps for Good and Thomson Reuters.
Safestep - Dunoon High School - 2017
SafeStep created by Rory, Olivia, Abbi and Caleb is a range of 'smart rugs' for the home which have inbuilt pressure sensors that can decipher whether the user is standing on the rug or has fallen on it. SafeStep includes a bedside rug that when stood on will automatically switch on lights in the bedroom, hallway and bathroom. Reducing the risk of elderly users falling and hurting themselves during the night.
If the rug senses that someone has fallen then a carer is notified on the SafeStep app and the carer can make contact to make sure everything is okay.
Allergy Basket - Westfields Junior School, Yateley - 2016
Allergy Basket helps people keep track of the allergy-free foods their family can eat by allowing them to create shopping lists by scanning barcodes. The app was created by Charley, Eddie, Keir and Sam, inspired by their friend that couldn't come to play dates because of their allergies.
The app won the Productivity category, supported by SAP at the Apps for Good Awards 2016.
"Our favourite part was meeting and working with experts and the development agency, both via Skype and in their offices. It was really fun working with them to make our app a reality."
Cattle Manager - Wick High School - 2013
Do away with the mountain of paperwork that comes with looking after a herd. Cattle Manager lets you read and add information about each of your cows as you go around the farm. Cattle Manager was created by John, Keiran and Ryan. One team member, John, comes from a long line of farmers and helps with his family's herd. Together the team came up with an app idea that solves the problem of farmers wasting time and energy on paperwork.
Cattle Manager was developed as part of the Apps for Good programme and won the "Power to do More - getting the most from your time" category supported sponsored by Dell at the Apps for Good Awards 2013. As an Apps for Good Award winner, the team worked with development agency Novoda to have their app prototype built professionally and publicly launched, with the support of Apps for Good and Dell.
Changes - Coleridge Primary School - 2016
Changes helps young girls go through puberty with more confidence. The app was created by Bea, Fizzy, Joss, Leila and Mia all primary school students. Helping them feel more comfortable to speak with parents about the changes they are going through. They hoped it will help girls make sense of what's happening to their body rather than feeling scared. The app won the People's Choice Award, supported by EE, at the Apps for Good Awards 2016.
"Winning was such an amazing moment, obviously but the Marketplace at the Apps for Good Awards was great fun. We felt so professional with our big pitch boards showing our app and meeting important business people and selling our idea. Everyone was so friendly and interested."
epiCpen - Dunoon Grammar School - 2020
epiCpen was created by Jaydon, James, Ross and Ruaridh from Dunoon Grammar School in Scotland. They took part in 2020's virtual awards with their IoT device which enables people with allergies to get the help they need with automatic alerts and location identification via what3words.
The team took part in our Scottish events and finished their project from home - becoming winners of The Future Technologist's category sponsored BNY Mellon.
We are celebrating a decade of Apps for Good, if you enjoyed this we have lots more for you to explore on our 10 years page, and here on our blog.
https://www.appsforgood.org/blog/tenyears-apps-for-good-products
Donna Hay - From Teacher to Course Developer
Donna Hay went from delivering the AfG Course in her spare time to developing our program and new courses.
Our schools: Dunoon Grammar School
In this series we'll be looking at a variety of schools delivering Apps for Good courses across the country
Chris Aitken - How it feels to deliver Apps for Good over seven years
Computing teacher Chris Aitken talked to us about bringing his students down from Wick to London, and teaching the courses from a very early stage.
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Yesterday marked the launch of the beta for The Division, and I dove in headfirst. It's a game that I've been pretty excited about for a while now and as Ubisoft starts to share some of the nitty gritty details of the game, I do find myself getting more interested in it. So I was pretty excited to see just how the game is shaping up.
Let's get the elephant out of the way first – the big comparison that has been thrown around all over the place is with Destiny. Both are co-op, shared world games, with RPG mechanics and a strong loot emphasis. Here's the thing though, the games really couldn't be more different. Destiny is first and foremost a shooter – the FPS mechanics are arguably the best out there now. The Division is first and foremost an RPG – everything is determined by the stats and numbers under the hood. In that way it's a lot more like Borderlands than Destiny. Add in that it's a third person cover based shooter and that's really where I think the best comparison shows up. While it is easy to point at Destiny and Borderlands from the loot side of things, I really think the best game to compare with is Mass Effect. In particular the first game in the series, which I think had the strongest RPG elements.
And in that capacity, everything that The Division does works really well. Much like Mass Effect, combat from cover works perfectly fine. Blind-firing is a possibility, just a poor one. Moving from cover to cover is the best way to go about engagements, which is pretty easy with the constant tooltip for the controls (which I know can be turned off, but I think actually adds a little character to the game). The weapons all function much better when you're in cover. The third person camera gives you a great overview of the entire action, and using the pulse ability to highlight enemies pairs really well with the third person action. In general the action actually feels really solid – once you get your head around that it's an RPG and not a shooter, the combat makes a lot more sense. The movement and everything like that all feels really solid too. In truth, the biggest issues I have with the beta aren't actually about gameplay. I've found a couple little graphical bugs that popped up, but really nothing terrible. My biggest complaint is that the player character isn't voiced. In 2016, one of the biggest early releases of the year, will feature a silent protagonist. That boggles my mind. Since The Division clearly takes a lot of inspiration from Mass Effect, why not follow suit with the protagonist – give him/her a name, voice that name and let the player give him/her a first name. That way the story, which doesn't seem too bad, has a little more immersion and impact.
All things considered, I think that the biggest problem I have with the beta is just that it's really short. There are two actual missions, both of which are really short. The side missions and side encounters are also pretty short, which means hitting the level cap of 8 can be a bit grindy, honestly not that huge a deal. I think it's designed to be a beta that people play for just a couple hours, get a good idea of how the full game will behave, and move on. Since the beta is only live until Sunday I think that's probably a smart move. Sure you can go venture into the Dark Zone and get the best loot in the beta, and find out just how primal other people get when loot is on the line. But I do think that maybe a few other PvE activities would have been warranted. That said, it's a fun beta – if you're in it, load it up and play it for a bit. We do have to wait until March for the full game, which I hope means that they'll fix a couple of the little things I've noticed pop up.


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A beheaded Christopher Columbus statue stands in a water... more
Amid the disruptions of his own time, William Butler Yeats noted that "The best lack all conviction while the worst / Are full of passionate intensity." That was a hundred years ago. Despite what you might call the prosaic diction, the lines have worn pretty well, and they've done so because they hit their mark with the speed and assuredness of a well-laced ball to a wide receiver on a slant route.
Almost nothing in "The Second Coming" fails of its effect: "rough beast," "vexed to nightmare," "blood-dimmed tide," "slouching towards Bethlehem." For good reason, it is a "thoroughly pillaged" poem, as one writer has sneeringly put it. We even have a New Yorker cartoon in which a physician, looking at his clipboard, says to his patient, "Your best cholesterol lacks all conviction, and your worst is full of passionate intensity." That's almost funny enough to get a smile from a humorless Jacobin in an ivory tower.
Amid the disruptions of our own time, when it really does seem as if the best lack all conviction and the worst are full of passionate intensity, I would put the poem in as many heads as possible. But as the gyre widens and the falconers go hoarse for yelling, I return more readily to the epigrammatist J.V. Cunningham, who was impatient with what he called "professionals of experience" who seek out crises to prove how strong they are. He called such people "fools" and accused them of "flaunt[ing] a presumptuous innocence." Here is the poem in full and in all its surgical precision:
If wisdom, as it seems it is,
Be the recovery of some bliss
From the conditions of disaster—
Terror the servant, man the master—
It does not follow we should seek
Crises to prove ourselves unweak.
Much of our lives, God knows, is error,
But who will trifle with unrest?
These fools who would solicit terror,
Obsessed with being unobsessed;
Professionals of experience
Who have disasters to withstand them
As if fear never had unmanned them,
Flaunt a presumptuous innocence.
I have preferred indifference.
During this summer of our discontent, once again the easy binaries of ideology triumph over the subtleties of history: our paper of record accounts as devils the giants of the past because they owned slaves but reveres as gods the dwarfs of the moment because they loot businesses. In such times, it is difficult to believe that wisdom is anything like the recovery of bliss from the conditions of disaster. To read the papers you'd think wisdom is the disaster.
What is not difficult to believe is that the coincidence of a pandemic and racial unrest have combined to provide Cunningham's "professionals of experience" with the exact crises they have been hoping for, the crises that will not merely prove them unweak but also, at long last, afford them the chance to step in and take their rightful places as masters of all—with terror their servant, of course, in strict accordance with the official revolutionary formula scripted in 1789 (or 1793; take your pick).
The statues you raise today won't be razed tomorrow? Don't bet on it.
I acknowledge the cynicism in this and confess to being uncomfortable with it. But I can't possibly be alone in being dismayed at the hubris of academics—obsessed, as usual, with being unobsessed—who would go so far as to appoint themselves educators of police officers. I say nothing of the epidemiologists and other "experts" vexed to the very core about whether to ignore their own lock-down instructions so they can join a protest, because, you know, Silence is Violence, and you're not really one of the socially reprobate if you gather in large numbers for The Right Causes.
Even the nicest people are unbearable right now, with their lists of must-read books and their instructions on how to get the right things out of them.
Tell me, though: does the quietude that comes of circumspection also fall within the new axiomatic verities concerning silence? "A fool uttereth all his mind," said Solomon, "but a wise man keepeth it in till afterwards." Is even the wise man violent now?
The End of History?
The thing to do these days is not to keep your counsel but to flaunt a presumptuous innocence. You are to pray on the street corners; wear sackcloth; put on ashes. The Professionals of Experience would have it thus. Trifle with unrest. Solicit terror.
And then participate in the moral cleansings: the condemnations by category that have spared no one with any stink about him whatsoever—not Jefferson Davis, not George Washington, not Robert E. Lee or Woodrow Wilson or even Aunt Jemima. Scrub history clean. Cauterize that little place in the brain where bad memories are kept. Only then will all be well.
But why stop there? Why not simply outlaw the judicious study of the past and require that it be policed instead, making sure everyone knows that the past exists only for us to pick through until all the people less pure than we are have been thrown in the river to sink with the statue of Christopher Columbus? Why not revoke the tenure of all historians who refuse to turn their discipline into consciousness-raising? Folks at the Chronicle of Higher Education are staying up nights providing me with advice on how to talk about racism in my classes. I'm afraid there won't be any time left over for Paradise Lost, which is what the students have actually signed up to hear me talk about.
To engage in this scrubbing and cauterizing is to presume that you have arrived at the end of moral development, that you are the historian who at last stands outside history. Vigilantes have taken the law into their own hands before, but today's mob is right to do so. These new vigilantes have disasters to withstand them, as if fear never had unmanned them.
Much of their lives, God knows, is error? Nay. None of it.
But it is a species of moral arrogance, not to mention a profound failure of historical imagination, to pass a breathtakingly severe judgment on your forebears, whether near or distant, especially having made no attempt whatsoever to historicize them. And only that same arrogance can then fail to imagine that your descendants, even more bereft of historical awareness than you are, won't do the same to you, or that there will be no standard left to judge you by—the standard having already been set, today, by you.
The Ceremony of Innocence is Drowned
If you leave aside the impressive paucity of nuance in the new outrage—an outrage that can detect wrongs done to racial minorities or to members of the gender-legionnaire or to dogs left in cars but none to the dead or the unborn—you are still left with an astonishing lack of charitableness about it all. The standard of judgment according to which you discredit Thomas Jefferson for having owned slaves is a standard that must of necessity discredit every one of us, unless you're lucky enough to be the one who is without sin and who therefore gets to cast the first stone—a stone that never used to be cast until the morally pure Professionals of Experience arrived on the scene. But the standard would discredit even today's "pure," and they're the crowning achievement, the very apotheosis, of moral evolution. Plus the standard that discredits Jefferson would leave them without the high principles of the Declaration of Independence.
When even the Morally Pure can't get the Golden Rule right, we're in for some trouble.
And so we must, as ever, call things by their right names. The Morally Pure are nihilists of the first water: believing in nothing and yet coming to the uncomfortable realization that as humans they ought to believe in something, they cast about for the wrongs that will cost them nothing to oppose. Notwithstanding their revolutionary furor, they follow, like water, the path of least resistance. So they rage against sexism. They rage against homophobia. They especially rage against racism, and they alone know exactly what it is and who the real racists are. No living person will oppose them, and the statue of no dead person can.
The danger these nihilists face is plain to everyone but themselves: they will be followed in time by more nihilists, whose emptiness will be as capacious, whose methods as specious, and whose zeal as consuming as their own. They too will boom like kettle drums—and be just as empty. Today's Woke will be accounted fast asleep by tomorrow's Woker, who will also account themselves the wokest who ever walked or talked.
And so there will be an infinite regression of nihilists. The reason for it should not be difficult of description: there abides in so many of us a great disquietude, an apparently imperishable human need: to feel superior.
Writers as different as James Baldwin (The Fire Next Time) and Wendell Berry (The Hidden Wound) have both said that at the heart of racism itself is this very need, the need to feel superior. I do not see any evidence that the virtue-signaling antiracists have conquered in themselves the need to feel superior. At the moment they are both powerful and repugnant.
But the heads on the statues they erect today will also be severed. They will be severed because the presumptuous innocence that the Morally Pure flaunt will eventually meet with another presumptuous innocence, which in time will also meet itself, and so on and so on. Boom! goes the kettle drum, and all the while on the inside that same great noise-making emptiness. Yeats was right to say "the ceremony of innocence is drowned."
They Don't Really Want What They Want
Moreover, the Morally Pure cannot afford to see vanish the crises they seek and cling to. Nothing is dearer to the agitator than the inequity or injustice that gives him his raison d'être. He will be quite happy, in the name of charity, to have "systemic racism" keep its grip on the world until he reaches retirement age; in the name of charity, she will deny that the gains of feminism have been anything but token so long as tenure-track jobs and book contracts are still being offered. And both have so little to say; neither knows how to talk about anything else.
I dare say that the morally nuanced, by contrast, will not fail of actual charity. For example, they will acknowledge the indisputable greatness of Martin Luther King, Jr., without requiring that the monuments to him be removed because of his manifest moral failures. Like you and me, Dr. King was sometimes wrong. But fallibility is one of those human traits that transcends us, and in transcending, unites. The Morally Pure, by contrast, have transcended fallibility itself. But in transcending it they have declined its unifying properties. They are not helping—not one bit. If they aren't careful they just might buy themselves another four years of Mr. Trump, the only upside to which is that, obsessed with being unobsessed, they will still have a raison d'être.
The champions of diversity will tolerate nothing but uniformity of thought. You will either feel good about feeling bad or you will take your unapproved thoughts somewhere else.
It gets worse: they have all the firepower of the academy to back them. From every grove of academe, bold administrators write their statements condemning racism, as if condemning racism on a college campus were costly.
But condemning racism on a college campus takes less courage than trashing the Los Angeles Lakers in a Beantown bar. What would be truly costly would be to condemn the recent lawlessness that the organs of acceptable opinion have given a free pass to. What would be truly costly would be to recommend the careful deliberation by which you might find unwarranted the giant leap from the killing of George Floyd to the conclusion that our nation is bedeviled by "systemic racism."
But, instead, something even more perplexing has happened: our courageous academic hand-wringers, following the lead of intrepid and precious celebrities, have gone so far as to vow—in public statements clearly intended to let their left hands know what their right hands are doing—that they will "confront and address their own inherent racism."
Now this is rich. Normally the openly racist academic gets fired. But not in this scenario. If you're an openly racist academic but also a faux flagellant seeking crises to prove yourself unweak, you'll have all you need to pad your next merit review. The self-congratulatory racists will no more get fired than the celebrities will serve 25-year prison sentences for the wrongful deaths that they themselves claim to "take responsibility for."
I can't possibly be alone in seeing the insanity here.
Meanwhile, I await the university president bold enough to tell faculty members that feeling good about feeling bad is what narcissists do and that nobody should be doing it, least of all professors. Such a president might add that you certainly don't write your own purity test and then brag about making a perfect score on it. I await the administrator who recommends (along with what these recommend) the silence born of wisdom, humility, and circumspection.
Grease Up the Guillotine
To make any such statement would be to mortise and tenon your own coffin. For I am quite certain that some academics, once upon a time protected by tenure, are going to lose their livelihoods—not for being racists, as the hand-wringers disingenuously admit to being, but for failing to be antiracists of the acceptable kind. They will either plead guilty to being racists and vow to "confront and address their own inherent racism" or they will stand trial in a kangaroo court and await the inevitable sentence. Like witches they will be guilty if they float and innocent if they sink but, in either case, out of the academy's hair for good, no longer an impediment to the progress we apparently haven't made in the 60 years that the Professionals of Experience have been in charge.
For make no mistake: the champions of diversity will tolerate nothing but uniformity of thought. You will either feel good about feeling bad or you will take your unapproved thoughts somewhere else, where backward-thinking is normal—to a rural place, for example, where it's all guns and Jesus and crises that are unsolicited.
Cunningham ends by saying "I have preferred indifference." But let us be clear about this. Nowhere does the poem suggest indifference to injustice. The poem is not about injustice. It is about wisdom. And so I don't mind saying I'm with Cunningham: to those flaunting a presumptuous innocence—but showing little interest in recovering bliss from the conditions of disaster—I too prefer indifference.
And note the governing circumspection: "Much of our lives, God knows, is error." Would that the Professionals of Experience knew this.
I hope I may be permitted a place at the front of the queue for condemning the killing of George Floyd, even as I hope the Professionals of Experience, together with those who responded to his violent death with lawlessness and complete disregard for the putative "epistemic authority of medical science," will join me in praying for his soul. I doubt they will. Nor, I wager, will they wonder if that kind silence qualifies as violence.
It shows moral arrogance to pass a breathtakingly severe judgment on your forebears and fail to imagine that your descendants won't do the same to you.
The Little Sisters Win—For Now
Mark David Hall
Jason Peters is Professor of English at Augustana College (IL). He is the editor of Wendell Berry: Life and Work (Kentucky), Land! The Case for an Agrarian Economy, by John Crowe Ransom (Notre Dame), and co-editor of Localism in the Mass Age (FPR Books). His most recent book is The Culinary Plagiarist: (Mis)Adventures of a Lusty, Thieving, God-Fearing Gourmand (FPR Books). He is also the editor of the journal Local Culture.
Modern Progressives as the New Iconoclasts
The Era of Moral Thuggery
Racism is truly opposed not by anti-racists, but by non-racists, that is, people who do not judge or behave towards others according to their race.
Democracy, Dictatorships, and Double Standards
Charlie Laderman
The most perceptive presidents have recognized that America's foreign policy leadership relies on perfecting its own domestic society.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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My Beer Case is an on-demand alcohol delivery service operating in Auckland. We trade through a remote off licence and through our website people can shop for their beer, wine and spirits and have it delivered within the hour.
My Beer Case launched in 2017 as an on-demand alcohol delivery service in Auckland. There was a gap in the market with the inability of generalist and food delivery companies to deliver alcohol instantaneously due to legislative requirements. This presented a great business opportunity and we applied for a remote off licence with Auckland Council that gives us the ability to delivery alcohol to people.
Our vision is to grow My Beer Case as the number one, on-demand alcohol delivery service by customer volume and revenue in Auckland by 2020 and then launch it in Christchurch and Wellington. To support our sales and growth strategy, we need to invest in upgrading our online platform that provides better user experience and security, invest in marketing and build a strong frontline delivery team and logistics.
This is an offer to acquire investor shares in MHR Holdings Limited T/A My Beer Case. We're raising between a minimum of $120,000 to a maximum of $250,000 by offering up to 18.60% of the shares in MHR Holdings Limited.
This makes up a collective ownership stake of between 9.89% and 18.60% for our new shareholders. The issue price of each share is $1.00 and the minimum investment for any individual is $250.00 made up of 250, $1.00 shares.
Our pre-money valuation is $1,093,920.00 and is based on a revenue multiple of 5.16x of our current year's revenue forecast.
Technology: Our current website and e-commerce store provides for a good experience while delivering on business objectives. However, as the business grows, we will need to upgrade to a tech stack that is commensurate with high traffic volume and scalability.
Logistics: We don't use third party logistics for delivery of our products. We have our own delivery crew. The nature of our business requires our delivery crew to be trained in the delivery of liquor to ensure our licence is not compromised. This requires regular training and development.
Marketing and Advertising: A planned and integrated marketing communications strategy is critical to the success of My Beer Case. Our communications strategy would be to engage the wider public with key messages and our advertising strategy will be designed to support sales.
Working Capital: The alcohol industry is competitive. Any advantages in trade pricing are usually bulk discounts. Having working capital means we're able to make these purchase decisions when the opportunity arises. A special trade price directly impacts on the gross profit margin.
Our customers range from businesses to daily household consumers, tourists and event organisers. Over the past one year, we've built a regular customer base by providing a safe, professional alcohol delivery service. We've registered the Trademark for My Beer Case and have succesfully renewed our off licence for the next three years.
When we first launched our story was published in The Indian Newslink and NZ Herald a service that solves more than one issue.
Purchase and sign write two delivery vehicles with custom My Beer Case signage to increase visibility and allow us to increase our delivery range. Recruit and train delivery crews to focus on various areas in Auckland.
Roll out strategic marketing and communications campaigns that will allow us to deliver key messages to customers and assist customer acquisition and retention. Increase in customers has a direct impact to revenue. We have found that the average spend improves by 20% on the second or third order if we're successful in retaining customer.
Increase and manage our product range to best suit our customers' requirements.
Upgrade to a platform that would provide for better user experience while providing better security and management of the business.
To fuel growth further, we plan to target sales by segmenting the market.
On-demand corporate gifting: There is growing demand corporate gifting and immediate delivery. My Beer Case serves large corporates and professional service firms. For those clients, having the convenience of products being delivered is of great value. Corporate orders are high yielding and repetitive if the experience is good. We plan to grow the corporate side of our business and capitalise on this opportunity.
Event organisers: Engaging with event organisers will enable us to show them the value of having orders and quantities delivered to the event and at store pricing.
Tourists and visitors: Travellers who stay in hotels can find hotel prices too expensive. Reaching out to them with an on-demand solution would mean they can order on the go to have their products delivered to their accommodation when they need it.
Birthdays, weddings and occasions: Target personal occasions and customers to have their choice of alcohol delivered when it's their special occasion.
Pre-money valuation of My Beer Case is NZD 1,093,920.00 and is based on 5.16x revenue multiplier of forecast of current year's revenue. Our revenue multiplier is set in line with market comparison to similar companies.
I'm struggling to justify your valuation. What is this year revenue up to date?
You are reference a two companies UrbanSherpa and Lazy Az you in your information memorandum. Those companies provide delivery services only.
First company Lazy Az went into liquidation in June.
UrbanSherpa financial forecast back in 2015 show negative EBIDTA until 2018 so investment was purely for future growth of the delivery service which obviously requires massive capital investment. You budgeted 25`000-45`000 for your logistics, if it is 1-hour delivery 10-21/7 days, this is very very impressive.
To me MyBeerCase valuation should be based on different metrics and not on revenue. I'd say it is current assets + stock + 1.5-2 * actual EBIDTA, in other words a retail business.
Thank you for your interest Dima! My Beer Case is also a delivery service like Lazy Az and Urban Sherpa. The only point of difference is that we deliver alcohol and these companies couldn't because of legislation limitations. We've used these companies in our comparison as they were the closest to our classification of delivery services who have successfully raised capital through crowdfunding.
We're a delivery service not a bottle shop or a retail outlet and so our valuation is in-line with other delivery services that have raised funding based on a revenue multiple and we're also raising for future growth.
Hi, we're tracking well with our busiest months coming into play!!
"Great concept! Lets grow this NZ!"
"Great service - good luck with it - contact me for help with website and web marketing"
"Pls. send me an email for reminder on when to do money transfer if the campaign is successful"
This campaign was unsuccessful and finished on 08/10/2018 at 7:00 PM.
This campaign has closed, but this company may choose to do more equity raises on PledgeMe in the future. If you're interested in investing in My Beer Case, you can sign up to be notified when a new equity campaign from this company is published.
3% discount on all orders through My Beer Case website. Two months free delivery (in the current delivery area). Discounted invitation on tastings and events sponsored by the company. Invitation to the Annual General Meeting.
5% discount on all orders. Free three months delivery (in the current delivery area). Invitation to the Annual General Meeting. Discounted invitation to tastings and events sponsored by the company.
7% discount on all orders. Free delivery (in the current delivery area). One case of beer (6 pack limited in either case to the value of $20.00) OR 1 x bottle of wine (limited in either case to the value of $20.00). Invitation to the Annual General Meeting. Preferred invitation to tastings and events sponsored by the company.
10% discount on all orders. Free delivery (in the current delivery area). 1 x case of beer (6 pack) OR 1 X bottle of wine (limited in either case to the value of $20.00) delivered each month for 2 months. 1 x birthday delivery of 1 x bottle of Moet & Chandon Champagne. An Invitation to the Annual General Meeting. Preferred invitation to tastings and events sponsored by the company.


1) First peel out(remove) the skin of carrot, cucumber, onion, tomato.
2) Grate the above into small pieces. And make powder of coconut using blender.
3) Whisk(mix evenly) the curd and add salt.
4) Wash and cut coriander and mint leaves into small pieces.
5) Take all of them in bowl and mix well.
Serve it cool with Biryani, Pulavs, Bhagara rice, Fried Rice...!!!!


text:
Q: How do you display latitude \ longitude coordinates in ArcGIS? I would like to display latitude and longtitude coordinates (at the bottom of window) for my data which I am editing in different coordinate system. Is it possible?

A: Right click inside your data frame and open the "Properties" window. Go to the "General" tab. Under the "Units" sun-heading change the "Display" drop-down to whatever format you wish to use (DD or DMS in your case).
Look at "Working with Map Units" here if you need more help.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.microsoft.applicationinsights.library;

import android.app.Activity;

public class MockActivity extends Activity {

    public MockActivity() {
        super();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The River City Quilters Guild is a prominent guild established in 1977 in Sacramento, the capital city of the state of California. We really enjoyed seeing the over 200 quilts in this year's show, and we'd like to share some of the highlights with you. Today's post exclusively features pieced quilts !
The "ribbon" border was made by placing two half-rectangle triangles side by side.
Laura adds, "Even when I wanted it to be finished, I knew it wasn't finished until the last diamond sashing border was added. Diamonds are a girl's best friend, and you can never have too many. [This was] hand quilted by Lydia Miller and finished in 2014." Although the hand quilting was done in white thread on black, the tiny stitches are actually hard to see!
The traditional blocks were given an entirely new look by the use of Asian fabric prints, and by placing the blocks on an angle. A stylized fussy-cut flower was used for the center of the block shown above.
Quilter Inga Waegell notes that her quilt, shown above, is a reproduction of a quilt sewn by Clarissa White Alford about the year 1890 (the pattern is available at Hoopla Patterns.) Clarissa c. 2013 won 2nd place in the Pieced - Large Quilts category. Each of the 42 large blocks has 36 hourglass blocks, for a total of 1512 hourglass blocks, which means there are 6048 pieces in this quilt!
In this close-up, you can see Inga's very precise piecing of softly colored vintage-inspired prints. "Clarissa" was quilted with a Baptist Fans design; and we are sure that Inga's quilt will be considered a treasured heirloom by her friends and family.
Third place winner in the Two Person Pieced Medium Size Quilt category. This pretty red, white, and slate blue quilt was made in honor of Nancy's friend, Marie, a fellow quilter who passed away suddenly.
The Galaxy Quilt pattern is a straight piecing pattern that gives the illusion of curves. It combines the 54-40 or flight block with an additional red star. As of this writing, the Galaxy quilt pattern by Deb Tucker can be found at Studio 180 Design.
Alice notes that this quilt was the result of a North Wind pattern challenge from a local Sacramento quilting group. You can see that Alice has an excellent eye for design here. She has cleverly used the fabrics with deeper values to create a very intriguing "barn raising" concentric diamond overall effect in this vividly colored quilt.
The versatile North Wind quilt block is based on triangles and half-square triangles; you can find free patterns for the block at Quilters Cache and at The Wooden Thimble. A free pattern for the Corn and Beans variation can be found at Jinny Beyer.com.
Honorable mention winner in the Quilt Show Challenge category, Winifred states, " This was the challenge quilt for 2014. The red print and the batik were used with only fabrics from my stash. I'm pleased that the challenge fabrics got lost in the quilt. I used Peggy Martin's method of foundation paper piecing. Thanks to Nancy MacDonald for giving me fabric from her stash for the border. This was a challenge to make."
The Indian Wedding Ring quilt pattern by Cynthia Caroff can be found in Paper Piecing Picnic: Fun-Filled Projects for Every Quilter (Quilters Newsletter, 2002).
The River City Quilters Guild is a prominent guild established in 1977 in Sacramento, the capital city of the state of California. We really enjoyed seeing the over 200 quilts in this year's show, and we'd like to share some of the highlights with you in these posts.
These five panels represent five different views of the flowers in the fields of Arles, France. The artists say about themselves, " The Fab 5 art group took on the daunting task of trying to render, artistically, in fabric, [Impressionist painting] Vincent Van Gogh's "View of Arles With Irises". Each artist worked independently on her slice [of the total panel shown here]. The resulting interplay of colors, techniques, and embellishments convey a "joie de vivre" ( a joy of life) to this amazing landscape.
An amazing sense of movement is created here with with the circular quilting pattern, and the fabric appliqued in three dimensional rounded pieces. You can almost feel the wind blowing through the trees.
These lovely three dimensional origami flowers in shades of purple remind us of little Dutch windmills. Tiny patchwork pieces provide a dappled sunlight effect to the field behind the blossoms. We're posting more closeup photos of "View of Arles" at Quilt Inspiration on Pinterest.
This quilt was inspired by designs of the 1960's and the Shimmer fabric line from Northcott. The fabric colors move from dark to light in 9 shades with shimmers of gold or silver.
The ovals are machine appliqued and all the other curves are pieced. A pattern is available at Laurel Anderson's website, Whisper Color.
Susan notes, "I chose this pattern to challenge myself and my paper piecing skills. It was the perfect opportunity to use my beloved batiks." We love the vibrant split complementary color scheme of orange, red, and gold, combined with a deep blue violet. The circular flying geese border provides an especially innovative and creative effect. This quilt was based on a pattern by Judy Mathieson.
In the center of the pastel chartreuse star is a pretty gold brooch with a gleaming purple jewel. Circular gold stitching around the purple background ties the components of this center medallion all together.
We love cat quilts, and this one is a beauty! This quilt was completed by Kathy Mack as a block-of-the-month quilt taught by Anelie Belden, using the Folk Art Cats design by John Simpkins for The Stitchin' Post. Kathy says: "This is my first attempt at needle-turn applique." The quilt won Honorable Mention for a Two-Person Pieced and Applique quilt. Each of the cats has button eyes and other embellishments. We couldn't resist taking lots of close-up photos!
This cat is totally happy with his mouse... check out the halo over his head!
"Santa Claws" is comin' to town on his little green cat feet that look as if he is walking on stilts. He look all ready for Christmas Eve with his jaunty hat and belt with star round his belly.
Welcome to the 2014 River City Quilters' Guild Show !
The River City Quilters Guild is a prominent guild established in 1977 and based in Sacramento, the capital city of the state of California. We really enjoyed seeing the over 200 quilts in this year's show, and we'd like to share some of the highlights with you in the next few posts.
Laurel Anderson is an award winning textile artist and an accomplished appliqué quilt designer. This incredibly realistic still-life was one of the much-admired quilts at the show. Second place winner for Appliqued Large Quilt, Laurel writes, "The quilt Geraniums was created with a variety of fabrics from Northcott. Their new ombre fabrics comprise the pot and leaves."
Laurel continues, "The petals are shaped with Terial Magic and dried over marbles." When drying fabric by placing it over marbles, or other rounded objects, the fabric then retains its rounded shape when it is completely dry. These petals are sewn together in large groups which gives a lush, full, appearance to the plant. Note that Laurel has cleverly appliquéd a shadow at the base of the plant to enhance the realistic effect of this image.
The doily was cut out of fused fabrics with with a Silhouette Cameo. Laurel says, "It is fun to create wonderful things with my new toys." We especially enjoyed Laurel's elegant quilting of her gorgeous creation. You can purchase a pattern for this quilt, called Geraniums in Copper Bowl, at Whisper Color. The alternative colorway is called Geraniums in Blue.
Phyllis McCalla was this year's featured artist at the the River City Quilters' Guild show. Prior to Phyllis' professional quilting life she worked for the University of California, Davis for thirty-four years. She retired in 2004 as a Program Manager for the Cancer Research Program. Phyllis began teaching quilting classes in 2006. She is a member of the Pins and Needles Art Quilting group.
Phyllis says, "Completed in September 2011, more than 24 fabrics were selected to make this bright quilt. The block is a Sylvia Einstein design." Longarm quilt artist Laura Jansen has done a magnificent job of quilting feathers and leaves into this stunning display of tropical color.
First place winner for Two Person Applique Quilts, Cathy Brorby says, "I designed this quilt to give myself a portable applique project. Hawaiian applique and the background fabric were both important sources of inspiration."
Here you can see an example of Kathy's lovely needle-turn applique. She has done a brilliant job of selecting fabrics with a split complementary color scheme of greens, blues, and oranges.
This fantastic quilt was made entirely with Kaffe Fassett fabrics. Peggy says, "Each point is the apex of a triangle, first attached by basting, then by a bead." As shown in the closeup photo below, only the points of these raw edge triangles are sewn down.
This starburst pattern, with its radiating circles of triangle points, reminded us of the pine burr block from the American South, even though the construction is very different.
Phyllis notes, "After enlarging an 8 inch kimono to VERY LARGE, who could resist embellishing with origami flowers?" These two delicately colored kimonos are suspended in a garden of wildflowers, in a classic Japanese design which is simple, yet elegant.
We loved the background fabric for this quilt, which reminded us of a gentle snowfall of early winter. Phyllis has done a wonderful job experimenting with different fabric folds to create a variety of fun origami three-dimensional flowers.
Veterans Day is observed on November 11 in the USA. Here is a quilt to honor all those who have served in the military. Thank you for your courageous service.
The artist writes, "This quilt is dedicated to the brave men and women who so valiantly live and breathe to protect our county. I wanted to create something based on our American flag, but which also had a modern edge to it. There are fifty stars, all different and unique, just like our fifty states. There are multiple red and white stripes holding the design together. I kept the traditional colors to give homage to our current flag. I think that if Betsy Ross (the seamstress who sewed one of the first American flags in the year 1776) were a modern quilter, she would be pleased."
Scott Hansen says, "New Glory was originally created as part of Island Batiks' Quilted in Honor Traveling Quilt show to honor and bless our US veterans." The New Glory quilt pattern can be purchased at Blue Nickel Studios on Etsy.


NORMAN — The University of Oklahoma suspended linebacker Frank Shannon for a year as the result of an on-campus Title IX sexual misconduct allegation process that concluded June 18, according to a statement released by OU President David Boren on Monday.
That has not, however, prevented Shannon from taking part in team activities during the Sooners' preseason camp. He signed autographs at Meet the Sooners Day two weeks ago, and has been practicing with the team throughout camp. He remains enrolled at OU, according to the university's database.
The wording of Boren's statement — "This process was completed on June 18. The final decision of the internal disciplinary process was suspension of the student one year" — would seem to indicate the case is being appealed off campus, thereby upsetting the university's authority to enforce the verdict and penalty.
Shannon, OU's leading tackler a year ago, was alleged to have sexually assaulted a female student on Jan. 20, The Oklahoman first reported the incident in April when the newspaper received a university Title IX allegation report.
Though the Cleveland County District Attorney's Office did not file charges against Shannon — the DA did not have the cooperation of the alleged victim — OU investigated the incident per federal Title IX legislation, which requires that universities investigate such allegations.
Citing federal privacy laws, the university has not released documents related to the process, including an appeal to the chief student affairs officer, sought by media outlets including the Tulsa World.
The World also has sought records of any appeal or injunction filed on behalf of Shannon at the federal and district court levels in Oklahoma, but has discovered there to be no such records.
The Cleveland County Court Clerk's Office did confirm that a judge reserves the right to seal case documents, and even seal record of the case itself, should he or she so chooses.
That conspired to shroud Shannon's case in mystery — coach Bob Stoops said at the outset of camp he was still with the team, but declined to discuss specifics — until Boren's statement at least clarified that the university originally ruled against Shannon and levied the suspension, before being unable to enforce the penalties.


22G Tussi Ghaint Ho is latest punjabi movie starring Bhagwant Mann, Jus Reign and Rupan Bal. Bhagwant Mann is playing a role of a common man who is persuaded by Jus Reign and Rupan Bal to stand in the coming elections.
The movie will be released on 11 Dec 2015. Do watch it to see the joy ride of Bhagwant Mann, Jus Reign and Rupan Bal.


Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on Sunday dubbed Congress President Rahul Gandhi's speech at Congress' plenary session the "rhetoric of a loser".She also questioned Rahul Gandhi's Pandava-Kaurava analogy, and accused the Congress of mocking Hindu rituals."Rahul Gandhi's speech sounds like rhetoric of loser devoid of substance. But although devoid of substance, will counter some points...."Who are Pandavs, who are Kauravas... It (the Congress) is a party that chooses to mock Hindus and Hindu rituals," she said.Sitharaman also said that the Congress was responsible of anti-Sikh riots 1984, and accused the party of corruption."This is a party which had to be thrown out of power because they were involved in Rs 12 lakh crore corruption," she said.Sitharaman also called Gandhi's remarks "a light hearted comment that goes abysmally low in making mockery".Slamming Gandhi for his comments on recent loss suffered by the Bharatiya Janata Party in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, she said: "Let us not miss the point... Congress (candidates) lost their deposits in these places."Gandhi, while addressing the Congress's plenary session here on Sunday, said that Prime Minister Narendra Modi was not fighting corruption but was "corruption himself" and under him, the country is controlled by "corrupt and powerful".Gandhi also equated the BJP and RSS with the "Kauravas" of the Hindu epic Mahabarata, saying they were designed to "fight for power".


text:
Gritty Ben Hogan brand works the dirt
Ben Hogan Golf has endured low moments, but is committed to making quality clubs that Mister Hogan would approve
By Gary Van Sickle
An elderly woman parked her old pickup truck in front of the Ben Hogan Golf Co. building in Fort Worth, Texas, several months ago and began to unload two old chairs.
When employees hurried out to tell her she must be in the wrong place, that this wasn't the city dump, she said, "No, no, I used to work at the Ben Hogan factory. I was there in 1953 when it opened and I was there when it closed."
The company was sold in 1993 and its furniture was left behind when the new owners made an ill-advised decision to move production facilities to Virginia. Hogan Company employees were offered the chance to purchase unwanted furniture before the sad exodus began. The woman bought two chairs that Ben Hogan, Mister Hogan, used in his office for visitors.
Now that Ben Hogan Golf has been resurrected for a third time and firmly re-rooted in sunny Fort Worth, she wanted the relics returned to their rightful home.
"They are just about the most uncomfortable chairs in the world," said Scott White, Ben Hogan Golf's president and CEO. "They weigh a ton, they're like World War II issue. The people who knew of those chairs said, 'Yes, they were that way by design. Mr. Hogan didn't want his visitors sticking around too long.'
"They're in our office now. They're a great daily reminder and another piece of Mr. Hogan's DNA, our company's DNA."
The @BenHoganGolf PTx PRO Black.
The irons @BenHogan would make with today's technology.#benhogangolf #exclusivelyonline #noretailmarkup #factorydirect #nomiddleman #benhogan #golfislife #golfequipment #custom #customized #handcrafted #craftsmanship #PTxPRO #irons pic.twitter.com/GXkwEgELqE
— Ben Hogan Golf (@BHGolfEquipment) October 31, 2019
The Ben Hogan Golf brand seems every bit as tough as Hogan himself. It has run aground a few times, but keeps reinventing itself. In its newest back-to-the-future version, Ben Hogan Golf has been successful with what may be the golf equipment model of the 21st century — direct-to-consumer sales (BenHoganGolf.com).
There are no store sales, no golf shop sales, no demo days, no club-fittings and no tour players being paid to use Hogan clubs. This is a way to keep overhead down and prices low for a new generation of golfers who aren't averse to internet purchasing and, in fact, prefer it.
While the company is now more competitive on price than ever, it still pitches traditional Ben Hogan Golf quality, what Hogan once insisted upon. It focuses on its bread and butter, forged irons and wedges, but now offers a full line of equipment, including drivers, fairway woods and putters.
"We had some good irons and wedges that were developed before our last bankruptcy," White said. "When we came back, so many customers asked us, 'When are you coming out with a driver? I don't just want the irons, I want the full line — woods, umbrellas, bags, the whole thing.' So earlier this year, we brought out all of the products we thought were worthy and became a full-line golf company again."
It took a full year of development to come up with putters, fairway woods and a driver. White, honoring Hogan's promise of quality, made sure the products weren't rushed to market. So far, so good. White said sales have doubled in 2019.
"Our core customer is probably 45 or older and knew somebody who played Hogan clubs in the past," White said. "That's our low-hanging fruit. We're also shipping product to internet-savvy 25-year-olds who see they're all forged clubs, read our reviews online and aren't afraid to order. It's kind of an online phenomenon."
That's been an untraditional path for what was once a traditional golf company. That realization sank in when the company filed for bankruptcy after a small group of Fort Worth investors briefly revived the line in 2015.
"We looked around and said, 'We can't do business the way the big guys do, it doesn't work for a niche brand like us,'" White said. "We kind of stumbled upon this internet plan."
After the bankruptcy, the company used its robust database to contact some 60,000 customers to alert them that a reorganization was in progress and offer them a chance to purchase Ben Hogan Golf products at near-wholesale prices.
"We were completely unprepared for the response," White said. "We didn't have website up, we had to take orders over the phone — it was utter chaos for months. We just needed to raise capital to keep the lights on. From that response, we knew we were onto something. That's when we decided to become an e-commerce company.
"Mr. Hogan was an innovator in a lot of ways, on the course and in business. He was a shrewd guy, I think he'd like this."
Hogan might also like the new line of product offerings. I got my hands on a Hogan precision-milled blade putter at the start of this year. It had a grooved face, an over-sized SuperStroker grip and a nice feel. I was surprised at its quality, to be honest, and it became part of a four-putter rotation I used this year, something that wouldn't be necessary if I could DH for the inconsistent geezer wielding those putters.
With no presence on tour or in stores, though, I mistakenly wrote off the putter and Ben Hogan Golf as probably irrelevant. The release of Hogan PTx Pro Black forged irons caught my eye, though (seven-club set, $805), and subsequently changed my mind.
I love dark-colored irons. I'm a sucker for them. When square grooves were outlawed for competition in 2009, I ordered a set of Adams irons because I needed a conforming set in a hurry but mainly because they had black heads. They were disappointing but boy, they looked good.
While there is a lot ot like about Ben Hogan Golf's PTx Pro irons, the black offering is among the first attributes that grabs a golfer's attention. Performance is a close second.
(Photo: Ben Hogan Golf)
Hogan's PTx Pro Black irons hooked me on their looks, too, and this time, I'm not disappointed. They have a sleek, stylish, modern appearance. They're forged yet they have the game improvement qualities I need. They're not like traditional forged irons that need to be struck right on the button to perform. They feel slightly firmer than the irons I was using but I'm not sure that's a bad thing.
First impressions matter. If you make a couple of lousy swings right off the bat when trying out a new club, you may never make enough good swings to overcome those bad memories. I pulled out the unmarked, virginal black PTx Pro Black 9-iron at my favorite local range in Cranberry Township, Pa., launched a nuclear strike with my first swing and was sold. I hit several more sweet shots before a few reality-check clunkers but those were on me.
The reverse of first impressions is also true. Hit some good shots right away and you may never make enough bad swings to forget them. The PTx Pro Black irons in their intimidating dark beauty are in my bag for a while. They are half an inch longer than my previous gamers, a fact I am compensating for by gripping down half an inch versus having the clubs shortened and regripped.
The PTx Pro Black irons also come in a traditional nickel-chrome finish. The company also has a unique tryout policy. For a $20 fee, customers can sample a few Hogan clubs for a few weeks before deciding whether to buy.
That's an innovation Mr. Hogan might like, especially the part about people who love golf hitting his clubs. The feedback the company has been getting from customers, White said, "has been rewarding."
The putter and the diamond-black irons are winners. All I've got to do now is find Hogan's famous golf secret. It's around here somewhere. Maybe I'll look in the dirt.
Gary Van Sickle
Van Sickle has covered golf since 1980, following the tours to 125 men's major championships, 14 Ryder Cups and one sweet roundtrip flight on the late Concorde. Van Sickle's work appeared, in order, in The Milwaukee Journal, Golf World magazine, Sports Illustrated (20 years) and Golf.com. He is a former president of the Golf Writers Association of America. Email: gvansick@aol.com; Twitter: GaryVanSickle@Twitter.com
See stories by Gary Van Sickle
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I went to see an invited magic show.
A practicing companion who practiced often together with me at the aikido dojo is a magician and I went there because he would do this magic show. The theme of the magic show was "Day of the dead". The audience had many Mexican families with children. The children raised cheers and hit their hands, the venue was very exciting and it was a fun magic show.
November 3 is the day of culture, there is the annual Meiji Shrine ancient martial arts performance dedication. It dedicates to the Meiji Shrine the performance of ancient martial arts which can be said to be the heritage of Japan, the heritage of mankind. I saw some performers from the afternoon, but everyone was actively demonstrating practiced. I think that ancient martial arts is a heritage of mankind. It is a valuable culture not seen in foreign countries. Every time I hope to develop more and more without disappearing and to work hard to serve humanity.
My friend's couple came from France (picture). This couple visits Japan every year individually, but it is for couple to come to Tokyo together for the first time in 8 years. But I do not miss them because I meet them in France every year. I went in June this year. They like us (wife and myself) like to eat. Once in a while we had eaten together in Tokyo and finally went to a famous French restaurant "Pyramid" in Lyon, France.
Their hope this time was tempura, so I reserved "Tsuna hachi" in Shinjuku. We ate a lot of sashimi before the menu course, so all of the last kakiage of the course was left a little. But we ordered tempura of ice cream which everyone was looking forward to and finished eating. And we promised a reunion in France next May and said goodbye.
Okutama OnsenToday, sunny day came out for a while, weather became good, so I suddenly decided to go to a hot spring.
After breakfast I checked which onsen I go and decided that the destination is "Moegi no yu" of Okutama Onsen.
I stayed home before 12 o'clock.
Arrived at Okutama Station in about 2 hours with Seibu Shinjuku Line, Seibu Hajima Line, Ome Line. It reached "Moegi no yu" in 10 minutes on foot. This hot spring has an inner bath, an outdoor bath (photo) and foot bath. The sale of this hot spring is "a hot spring springing from an old pheasant layer that is said to be the oldest strata of the Japanese archipelago".Fountain quality is a hot spring that seems to be good for the skin, such that slimy skin remains on the skin. People can relax even more, as there are rest areas on the second floor. I also made a toast to the bath with a set meat of the Yamame which was caught in the Tamagawa River running downwards and a beer mug.
A tea partyI had been saying to my friend Nakamura for a long time to have a tea party, but I finally did it. My house has tea tools. My wife got them from my parents house. There are not much expensive things, but enough for me who does not know tea good. Of course, I can not formally make tea etc., but I am going to enjoy it. It will be like something while doing it several times. I boiled the hot water in a boil after a long absence, and made tea. The sound of boiling water was nice. It was a small but fun tea party.
Next time it was decided to do a tea party in the open air.
IWABURO (Rock bath)I visited "Matsuri-Onsen"(hot spring), which is convenient from my home.
There are about 10 different baths in this hot spring. My favorite is the rock bath in open air. As for why, this source is a hot spring pumping up water mixed with sediments of the Tertiary layer (23 million to 2.58 million years ago) (virgin water) and water mixed in the mountains.
NIKA(Biennial) ExhibitionI got invitations from my friend for a NIKA exhibition. The friend's wife presents a picture at the NIKA exhibition. I went there with my kimono. Haori with white socks and Panama hat.


text:
\section{\bf Introduction}

Ascertaining the core collapse supernova mechanism is a long-standing
problem in astrophysics. The current paradigm begins with the collapse of a
massive star's iron core and the generation of an outwardly propagating shock
wave that results from core rebound. Because of nuclear dissociation
and neutrino losses,
the shock stagnates. This sets the stage for a shock reheating mechanism
whereby neutrino energy deposition via electron neutrino
and antineutrino
absorption on nucleons behind the shock reenergizes it (Bethe \& Wilson 1985;
Wilson 1985).

The shock reheating phase is essential to the supernova's success, but it
is precisely this phase that is difficult to simulate realistically. During
shock reheating, core electron neutrinos and
antineutrinos are radiated from their respective neutrinospheres,
and a small fraction of this radiated energy is absorbed in the exterior
shocked mantle. The shock reheating depends sensitively on the electron neutrino
and antineutrino luminosities,
spectra (best characterized by the {\small RMS} energies),
 and angular distributions in the region
behind the shock (e.g., see Burrows \& Goshy 1993, Janka \& M\"{u}ller 1996,
 Mezzacappa \etal 1998).

These, in turn, depend on the neutrino transport in the
semitransparent region encompassing the neutrinospheres, necessitating a
neutrino transport treatment that is able to transit accurately and
seamlessly between neutrino-thick and neutrino-thin regions.

Various neutrino transport approximations have been implemented in simulating
core collapse supernovae.
The most sophisticated approximation, which
naturally has been used in realistic one-dimensional simulations, is multigroup
flux-limited diffusion ({\small MGFLD}; e.g., Bowers \& Wilson 1982, Bruenn 1985,
Myra \etal 1987).
{\small MGFLD} closes the neutrino radiation hydrodynamics hierarchy of equations
at the level of the first moment (the neutrino flux) by imposing a relationship
between the flux and the gradient of the neutrino energy density (the zeroth
moment).  For example,

\begin{equation}
F_{\nu}=-\frac{c\Lambda}{3}\frac{\partial U_{\nu}}{\partial r}+...,
\label{eq:mgfld}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\Lambda = \frac{1}{1/\lambda + |\partial U_{\nu}/\partial r|/3U_{\nu}},
\label{eq:lambda}
\end{equation}
\smallskip

\noindent where $\lambda$ is the neutrino mean free path, and $U_{\nu}$ and $F_{\nu}$
are the neutrino energy density and flux (Bruenn 1985).
[Other forms for the flux-limiter $\Lambda$ can be found in Bowers \& Wilson (1982),
Levermore \& Pomraning (1981),
and Myra \etal (1987).]
Whereas the limits $\lambda \rightarrow 0$
  and $\lambda \rightarrow \infty$  produce
the correct diffusion and free streaming fluxes, it is in the critical intermediate
regime where the {\small MGFLD} approximation is of unknown accuracy.
Unfortunately, the quantities central
to the postshock neutrino heating, i.e., the neutrino {\small RMS} energies,
 luminosities, and mean inverse flux factors,
 are determined in this
regime, and given the sensitivity of the neutrino heating to these quantities, it becomes
necessary to consider more accurate transport schemes.  Moreover, in detailed one-dimensional
simulations that have implemented elaborate {\small MGFLD} neutrino transport (e.g., see
 Bruenn 1993, Wilson \& Mayle 1993, and Swesty \& Lattimer 1994), explosions were not
obtained unless the neutrino heating was boosted by additional phenomena, such as convection.
This leaves us with at least two possibilities to consider:  (1) Failures to produce
explosions in the absence of additional phenomena, such as convection, have resulted
from neutrino transport approximation.  (2) Additional phenomena may be essential
in obtaining explosions.

\section{Initial Models, Codes, and Methodology}

We begin with 15 ${\rm M}_{\odot}$ and 25 ${\rm M}_{\odot}$ precollapse models
 S15s7b and S25s7b
provided by Woosley (1995). The initial models were evolved through
core collapse and bounce using one-dimensional Lagrangian hydrodynamics and
{\small MGFLD} neutrino transport
coupled to  the Lattimer-Swesty equation of
state (Lattimer \& Swesty 1991). The data at 106 ms
 and
233 ms after bounce for S15s7b and 156 ms after bounce for S25s7b were thermally
 and hydrodynamically frozen.
Stationary-state neutrino distributions were computed for
these profiles using both {\small MGBT} and
{\small MGFLD}.

The {\small MGBT} simulations were performed using
{\small BOLTZTRAN}: a Newtonian gravity,  $O(v/c)$, three-flavor, Boltzmann neutrino transport
code developed for the supernova problem and used thus far for studies of stellar
core collapse (Mezzacappa and Matzner 1989, Mezzacappa \& Bruenn 1993abc). The {\small
MGFLD} simulations were performed using {\small MGFLD-TRANS}:
a Newtonian gravity,  $O(v/c)$,
 three-flavor, {\small MGFLD} neutrino transport code, which
has been used for both core collapse and postbounce evolution
(e.g., Bruenn 1985, 1993).

The {\small MGBT} simulations used 110 nonuniform radial spatial
zones
and 12 neutrino energy
zones spanning a range between 5 and 225 MeV. The
{\small MGFLD} used the same spatial and energy grids.
Simulations with
20 energy zones spanning the same energy range were performed with
{\small BOLTZTRAN}; no changes in the results presented here were seen.

For the {\small MGBT} simulations there is an added dimension:  neutrino direction
cosine.  Because {\small MGBT} computes the neutrino distributions
as a function of direction cosine and energy for each spatial zone, the isotropy
of the neutrino radiation field as
a function of radius and neutrino energy is computed from first principles.
This is one of the key features distinguishing {\small MGBT} and {\small MGFLD}.  Because
the isotropy of the neutrino radiation field is critical to the shock reheating/revival, four Gaussian
quadrature sets (2--, 4--, 6--, and 8--point) were implemented in the {\small MGBT} simulations to ensure
numerical convergence of the results.

\section{\bf Results}

For electron neutrino and antineutrino absorption on neutrons and protons,
the neutrino heating rate (in MeV/nucleon) in the region between the neutrinospheres
and the shock can be written as

\begin{equation}
\dot{\epsilon}=\frac{X_{n}}{\lambda_{0}^{a}}\frac{L_{\nu_{\rm e}}}{4\pi r^{2}}
                <E^{2}_{\nu_{\rm e}}><\frac{1}{\sf F}>
              +\frac{X_{p}}{\bar{\lambda}_{0}^{a}}\frac{L_{\bar{\nu}_{\rm e}}}{4\pi r^{2}}
                <E^{2}_{\bar{\nu}_{\rm e}}><\frac{1}{\bar{\sf F}}>
\label{eq:heatrate}
\end{equation}
\smallskip

\noindent where: $\lambda_{0}^{a}=\bar{\lambda}_{0}^{a}={G_{F}^2}{\rho}{(g_{V}^2+3g_{A}^2)}/{\pi}{(hc)^4}{m_{B}}$;
$G_{F}/(\hbar c)^{3}=1.166\times10^{-5}$ GeV$^{-2}$ is the Fermi
coupling constant; $\rho$ is the
matter density;
$g_{V}=1.0$, $g_{A}=1.23$; $m_{B}$ is the baryon mass; $X_{n,p}$ are the free neutron and proton mass fractions;
and $L_{\nu_{\rm e},\bar{\nu}_{\rm e}}$, $<E^{2}_{\nu_{\rm e},\bar{\nu}_{\rm e}}>$,
and ${\sf F},\bar{\sf F}$ are the electron neutrino and antineutrino luminosities, {\small RMS}
energies, and mean inverse flux factors, defined by

\begin{equation}
L_{\nu_{\rm e}}=4\pi r^{2}\frac{2\pi c}
                               {(hc)^{3}}\int dE_{\nu_{\rm e}} d\mu_{\nu_{\rm e}} E^{3}_{\nu_{\rm e}} \mu_{\nu_{\rm e}} f,
\label{eq:nuelumin}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\langle E^{2}_{\nu_{\rm e}}\rangle = \frac{\int dE_{\nu_{\rm e}}d\mu_{\nu_{\rm e}} E^{5}_{\nu_{\rm e}} f}
                                          {\int dE_{\nu_{\rm e}}d\mu_{\nu_{\rm e}} E^{3}_{\nu_{\rm e}} f},
\label{eq:nuerms}
\end{equation}

\begin{equation}
\langle \frac{1}{\sf F}\rangle =\frac{\int dE_{\nu_{\rm e}} d\mu_{\nu_{\rm e}} E^{3}_{\nu_{\rm e}} f}
                                     {\int dE_{\nu_{\rm e}} d\mu_{\nu_{\rm e}} E^{3}_{\nu_{\rm e}} \mu_{\nu_{\rm e}} f}
=\frac{cU_{\nu_{\rm e}}}{F_{\nu_{\rm e}}}.
\label{eq:nuefluxfac}
\end{equation}
\smallskip

\noindent In equations (\ref{eq:nuelumin})--(\ref{eq:nuefluxfac}),
$f$ is the electron neutrino distribution function, which is a function
of the electron neutrino direction cosine, $\mu_{\nu_{\rm e}}$, and energy, $E_{\nu_{\rm e}}$.
In equation (\ref{eq:nuefluxfac}), $U_{\nu_{\rm e}}$ and $F_{\nu_{\rm e}}$
are the electron neutrino energy density and flux. Corresponding quantities
can be defined for the electron antineutrinos.
Success or failure to generate explosions via neutrino reheating must ultimately rest on the
three quantities defined in equations (\ref{eq:nuelumin})--(\ref{eq:nuefluxfac}).

\begin{figure}[tb]
\begin{center}
\vspace{-12pt}
\epsfig{figure=3pan233.epsi,height=4.0in,clip=}
\vspace{-12pt}
\begin{small}
\caption{RMS energies, luminosities, and mean inverse flux factors for model S15s7b
at 233 ms after
core bounce.}
\end{small}
\label{fig:3pan}
\vspace{-28pt}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In Figure 1, at 233 ms after bounce for model S15s7b,
 we plot the electron neutrino and antineutrino {\small RMS} energies, luminosities, and mean
inverse flux factors as a function of radius for our
(8-point Gaussian quadrature) {\small MGBT}
 and {\small MGFLD}
runs.
The  energy-averaged neutrinospheres
(at 57 km and 48 km, for electron neutrinos and antineutrinos, respectively),
 and the location of the shock (at 191 km), are indicated by arrows.
The gain radius (neutrino-energy integrated), located at 98 km, is also marked by an arrow.
For the electron neutrinos, the differences in {\small RMS}
energies between {\small MGBT} and {\small MGFLD} are at most
2\% throughout most of the region plotted, although
{\small MGBT} consistently gives higher energies.  The
differences between {\small MGBT} and {\small MGFLD} antineutrino {\small RMS} energies
are smaller, and neither transport scheme yields consistently higher values.
It should be noted that we expect larger
differences when a fully hydrodynamic simulation is carried
out, with {\small MGBT} giving harder spectra (Mezzacappa and Bruenn 1993a,c;
 see also Burrows 1998). In
a static matter configuration,
differences that result from different treatments of the neutrino energy
shift measured by comoving observers do not occur.

Significant differences between {\small MGBT} and {\small MGFLD} are evident when comparing
the neutrino and antineutrino luminosities and mean inverse flux factors.
Both transport methods compute similar electron neutrino luminosities
until the neutrinospheres are approached from below.  The antineutrino
luminosities for each transport method also coincide up to this point.  Just below the neutrinospheres,
the {\small MGBT} luminosities diverge upward from the {\small MGFLD} luminosities,
as {\small MGFLD} underestimates the neutrino flux,
differing by 7\% (4\% for antineutrinos) at the neutrinospheres.  After a decline from this
maximum difference, the fractional
difference grows from approximately
3\% at the base of the gain region to
a constant difference of 6\% beyond about 170 km.  Similar behavior is
exhibited by the antineutrino luminosities,
with the same fractional differences, 3\% and 6\%, obtained at the base
of the gain region and near the shock,
respectively.

For the electron neutrinos, the fractional difference between $<1/{\sf F}>_{\rm \tiny MGFLD}$ and
$<1/{\sf F}>_{\rm \tiny MGBT}$
  is 2\%, 8\%, and 12\% at the neutrinosphere, gain radius, and shock, respectively.
Just above the shock, the difference converges to 10\%
 and is maintained to the edge of the core.
Focusing on the semitransparent region,
 $<1/{\sf F}>_{\rm \tiny MGFLD}$ is greater
below the gain radius until the gain radius is approached; i.e., the
{\small MGFLD} neutrino radiation field is more isotropic
than the {\small MGBT} radiation field in this region.
At 80 km, as the gain radius is approached, {\small MGFLD}
computes a sharp decrease in $<1/{\sf F}>$.  This sharp decrease marks the radius at
which the electron neutrino source is enclosed.
The dip at 106 km and the sharp spike at 163 km in $<1/{\sf F}>_{\rm \tiny MGFLD}$ are
caused by local density perturbations.

For the electron antineutrinos, the same features are seen in $<1/{\sf F}>_{\rm \tiny MGFLD}$.
  The fractional difference
is 0\%, 11\%, and 11\% at the neutrinosphere, gain radius, and shock, respectively.
 The initial sharp decrease in
$<1/{\sf F}>_{\rm \tiny MGFLD}$ occurs at a smaller radius;
  the point at which the electron antineutrino source is enclosed
is at a smaller radius.
These results are typical of all three time slices.

Because each of the quantities plotted in Figure 1 is consistently greater for
{\small MGBT}  (while this is not strictly true
for the antineutrino {\small RMS} energies in our stationary state comparisons, in a fully
dynamical simulation these energies will be consistently higher for {\small MGBT}
[Mezzacappa and Bruenn 1993a,c;
 see also Burrows 1998]),
and because the neutrino
heating rate is proportional to each of them,
 {\small MGBT} yields a significantly higher heating rate.  As an example, just above the
gain radius for model S15s7b, at $t_{\rm pb}=233$ ms and the net-heating peak,
{\small MGBT} yields a heating rate from neutrino absorption that is $(102\%)^{2} \times 110\% \times 112\%$
 of the {\small MGFLD} rate.

\begin{figure}[tb]
\begin{center}
\vspace{-12pt}
\epsfig{figure=poutnetp.eps,height=3.0in,clip=}
\vspace{-12pt}
\begin{small}
\caption{Net heating rates for model S15s7b at 233 ms after
core bounce.}
\end{small}
\label{fig:netheat}
\vspace{-28pt}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In
Figure 2, for
{\small MGBT} and {\small MGFLD},
we plot the {\it net} neutrino heating rates as a function of radius
for model S15s7b at $t_{\rm pb}=233$ ms.
(As discussed in Section 2, the results from four Gaussian quadrature
sets are plotted to demonstrate numerical
convergence.)
These rates include the
contributions from both the electron neutrinos and antineutrinos, and were computed using
the following formulae:

\begin{equation}
(d\epsilon /dt)_{i}=c\int E_{\nu}^{3}dE_{\nu}
[\psi^{0}_{i}/\lambda^{(a)}_{i}-j_{i}(1-\psi^{0}_{i})]/\rho (hc)^{3}
\end{equation}

\noindent where $\epsilon$ is the internal energy per gram;
$E_{\nu}$, $\psi^{0}_{i}$, $\lambda^{(a)}_{i}$, and $j_{i}$
are the electron neutrino or antineutrino energy, zeroth angular
moment, absorption mean free path,
and emissivity, respectively;
$i=1$ corresponds to electron neutrinos, and
$i=2$ corresponds to electron antineutrinos.
Only the contributions from neutrino emission and absorption
were included.
The {\small MGBT} simulation yields a net heating rate just above the gain radius
 that is
$\sim$1.3 times the {\small MGFLD} rate, and a net cooling rate
below the gain radius that is consistently $\sim$0.8 times the {\small MGFLD} rate.
The differences in net heating rate are even greater for the $t_{\rm pb}=106$ ms time slice in
our 15 M$_{\odot}$ model  and for the $t_{\rm pb}=156$ ms time slice in
our 25 M$_{\odot}$  model (cf. Table 1 and Messer \etal 1998).

\section{\bf Summary, Discussion, and Conclusions}

Comparing three-flavor {\small MGBT} and three-flavor
{\small MGFLD} in postbounce supernova environments, we find that
 {\small MGBT} leads to a significant increase/decrease in the
 {\it net} heating/cooling rate, particularly  just above/below
 the gain radius. The {\small MGBT} net heating  rate can be
as much as 2 times the {\small MGFLD} net heating rate above the gain radius, with
net cooling rates that are typically 0.8 times the {\small MGFLD} rate below.
 These differences
 stem primarily from differences in the neutrino luminosities and mean inverse flux
factors;  the heating rate
is linearly proportional to both these quantities, and differences in both add to
produce a significant difference in the net heating rate.

We also observe that the differences in the net heating rate are greatest at
earlier postbounce times for a given progenitor mass,
 and at a given postbounce time, greater for greater progenitor mass.
This is illustrated in Table 1.
  The enhancement in heating with increased progenitor mass
suggests that the net heating enhancement from {\small MGBT} is
potentially robust and self-regulated.

In closing, our results are promising, and their ramifications
for core collapse supernovae,  and in particular, for the postbounce
neutrino-heating, shock-revival mechanism, await one- and two-dimensional
dynamical simulations with {\small MGBT} coupled
to the core hydrodynamics. One-dimensional simulations are currently
underway, and we plan to report on them soon.

\begin{table}[t]
\vspace{-24pt}
\begin{center}
\footnotesize\rm
  \caption{Maximum Net Heating/Cooling Rates \label{t1}}
      \begin{tabular}{lccc}
  \topline
            {Progenitor Mass [${\rm M}_{\odot}$]} &
            {$t_{pb}$ [ms]} &
            {Maximum Net Heating Ratio} &
            {Maximum Net Cooling Ratio}
       \\
      \midline
            15&
            106&
            2.0&
            0.8
        \\
             &
            233&
            1.3&
            0.8
        \\
            25 &
            156&
            2.0&
            0.8
      \\
   \bottomline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\vspace{-12pt}
\end{table}

\section{Acknowledgements}
\begin{footnotesize}
BM
was supported at the University of Tennessee under NASA grant
NRA-96-04-GSFC-073. AM and MWG were supported at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
which is managed by Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corporation
under DOE contract DE-AC05-96OR22464, and at the University of
Tennessee, under DOE contract DE-FG05-93ER40770.
SWB was supported at Florida Atlantic University
under NASA grant NRA-96-04-GSFC-073 and NSF grant AST-9618423.
The simulations presented in this paper were carried out on
the Cray C90 at the National Energy Research Supercomputer
Center, the Cray Y/MP at the North Carolina Supercomputer
Center, and the Cray Y/MP and Silicon Graphics Power
Challenge at the Florida Supercomputer Center. AM and SWB
gratefully acknowledge the hospitality of the Institute
for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara,
which is supported in part by
the National Science Foundation under grant number
PHY94-07194.
\end{footnotesize}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
UAE Has an Ambitious Nuclear Program
By Bernhard Schell
DUBAI (IDN) – Nearly one year after the launch of a nuclear fuel procurement competition in July 2011, the oil-rich United Arab Emirates (UAE) has started an ambitious atomic power program. The Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation (Enec) has awarded six contracts related to the supply of natural uranium concentrates, conversion and enrichment services, and the purchase of enriched uranium product.
UAE was founded in 1971, comprising seven states, which were under British rule. The federation includes Abu Dhabi and Dubai. Abu Dhabi city is the federal capital of UAE, and Abu Dhabi emirate accounts for 86% of the land area of UAE, and 95% of its oil. Dubai is the UAE's largest city.
Enec estimates that the contracts are worth some $3 billion and will enable the Barakah nuclear power plant to generate up to 450 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity over a 15-year period starting in 2017, when the first of four units at the plant is scheduled to begin operating.
Enec has signed agreements with both France's Areva and Russia's Techsnabexport (Tenex). They will provide services across the front-end of the fuel cycle, including the supply of uranium concentrates as well as conversion and enrichment services.
The Canada-based Uranium One and UK-based Rio Tinto will also supply natural uranium, the USA's Converdyn will provide conversion services and UK-headquartered Urenco will provide enrichment services.
The enriched uranium will be supplied to Kepco Nuclear Fuels – part of Enec's prime contractor consortium, led by Korea Electric Power Corporation (Kepco) – which will manufacture the fuel assemblies for use in the Barakah plant.
In a $20 billion deal announced in December 2009, Enec selected a Korean consortium led by Kepco to build four APR-1400 reactors. All four units planned for Barakah, close to the border with Saudi Arabia, should be in operation by 2020. The first concrete for the initial unit was poured in mid-July.
In an obvious bid to dispel possible doubts, official sources stress that the legislation adopted in October 2009, prohibits "the development, construction or operation of uranium enrichment or spent fuel reprocessing facilities within the borders of the UAE."
The country has promised not to enrich and reprocess uranium or other fuel and to instead obtain nuclear fuel from reliable international suppliers, in line with the cooperation agreement signed with the USA.
In addition to the USA, the UAE has nuclear cooperation agreements in place with the UK, South Korea and France, plus a memorandum of understanding with Japan. In late-July, the country also signed a cooperation agreement with Australia, enabling the supply of Australian uranium to fuel its forthcoming nuclear power reactor fleet. Both Rio Tinto and Uranium One have uranium assets in Australia.
Enec CEO Mohamed Al Hammadi said: "The completion of the fuel supply strategy is a key achievement in Enec's program and a clear example of how the UAE continues to set the gold standard for implementing a peaceful nuclear energy program. These contracts will provide Enec with long-term security of supply, high quality fuel and favourable pricing and commercial terms."
Enec noted that it "expects to return to the market at various times to take advantage of favourable market conditions and to strengthen its security of supply position."
The UAE is committed to a "dual track" radioactive waste management strategy that involves developing a national storage and disposal programme in parallel with exploring regional cooperation options.
Sweden's SKB is studying the prospects of a geological waste repository in UAE, and the Arab Atomic Energy Agency (AAEA), with a widened group of participating Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, is discussing regional options along the lines of EU precedents.
Learning from Fukushima
A notable aspect of the UAE's decision to go in for atomic energy is that it has learnt from Fukushima.
According to Enec, though the Barakah site "is in an area with a very low probability of earthquakes" and that the area has been "tectonically inactive for nearly 100 million years," it has nonetheless taken on board lessons learned from the accident at Japan's Fukushima Daiichi plant.
Several design changes were proposed including enhancing the seismic resistance of the back-up diesel generator buildings and other auxiliary buildings. In addition, watertight doors are to be fitted to these building in case of severe flooding.
In the event of a station black-out, Enec has increased the availability of fuel for the emergency diesel generators to allow 24 hours of operation rather than just 8 hours. It has also extended the availability of back-up battery power from 8 hours to 16 hours.
In the event of a severe accident, the Barakah plant design will enable external water injection to the steam generators, reactor coolant system and the used fuel pools.
Following a review by FANR (Federal Authority for Nuclear Regulation) of Enec's proposed changes to the Barakah plant in response to the Fukushima accident, the regulator concluded that "sufficient information has been presented to conclude that structures, systems and components in combination with proposed safety improvements will provide substantial margin above the design basis capabilities to ensure that a multiple-unit plant can be brought to safe shutdown condition or cope with and mitigate the effects of severe but low probability events."
UAE's nuclear power program is closely coordinated with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which in the wake of an integrated nuclear infrastructure review (INIR) mission to the UAE reported in January 2011 that the emirates had followed its recommended comprehensive 'milestones' approach for such countries.
Areas of good practice identified by the mission included "cooperation, without compromising their independence, between the regulatory bodies and utility, human resource development, a well-structured management system, and a strong safety culture." Also ENEC has joined the World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) to benefit from its peer review process at the outset, to ensure high standards of safety.
The UAE is a signatory of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and it ratified a safeguards agreement with IAEA in 2003. In 2009 it signed the Additional Protocol – thus pledging not to abandon the peaceful use of nuclear energy. [IDN-InDepthNews – August 29, 2012]
Image: UAE nuclear power plant | Credit: Enec
http://www.facebook.com/idn.indepthnews


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