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Program & Abstract Archive/
1998 MRS Spring Meeting/
Symposium A
April 13 - 17, 1998 | San Francisco
Meeting Chairs: John A. Emerson, Ronald Gibala, Caroline A. Ross, Leo J. Schowalter
Symposium A—Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Technology
Howard Branz
Golden, CO 80401-3393
Michael Hack
dpiX, A Xerox Co
Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
Ruud Schropp
Dept of Interface Physics
Utrecht Univ
Debye Inst
Utrecht, 3508 TA NETHERLANDS
Isamu Shimizu
Dept of Innovative & Engr Matls
Tokyo Inst of Technology
Graduate School at Nagatsuta
Yokohama, 227 JAPAN
Sigurd Wagner
Dept of Electrical Engr
Princeton Univ
B422 Engineering Quad
*AKZO Chemicals, Inc.
*dpiX, Xerox Company
*Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
*Fuji Electric Corporate Research & Development, Ltd.
*Kaneka Corporation
*Mitsui Chemical Co., Ltd.
*NAPS France
*Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd.
*Tokuyama Corp.
*UNI-SOLAR
*Voltaix, Inc.
1998 Spring Exhibitor
Proceedings published as Volume 507
of the Materials Research Society
Symposium Proceedings Series.
* Invited paper
STA: AMORPHOUS SILICON MATERIALS AND DEVICES FOR LARGE-AREA ELECTRONICS
Monday, April 13, 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m.
Salon 11/12
Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is an important technological material for large-area electronics, with applications to solar cells, liquid crystal displays, optical scanners, and radiation imaging. The course describes the growth, material properties, device physics and large-area- array technology of amorphous silicon. The relation between material properties and device performance of a-Si:H is emphasized.
Robert A. Street, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center
Michael Hack, dpiX, A Xerox Company
SESSION A1/B1: JOINT SESSION:
AMORPHOUS AND POLY-Si TFTs
Chair: Ruud E.I. Schropp
Tuesday Morning, April 14, 1998
8:30 AM *A1.1/B1.1
HYBRID AMORPHOUS AND POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON DEVICES FOR LARGE-AREA ELECTRONICS. Ping Mei, James B. Boyce, David K. Fork, Greg Anderson, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA; Mike Hack, Rene Lujan, Xerox dpiX, Palo Alto, CA.
A natural extension of active matrix technology is the monolithic integration of peripheral drivers for the improvement of reliability, cost reduction and compactness of large-area electronics. This goal has been approached three ways, namely through large area polysilicon, amorphous silicon peripheral circuit design, and a mix of amorphous silicon pixel switches and polysilicon drivers. For some unique applications, we have developed the third approach to exploit the positive qualities of both amorphous and polysilicon in an intimate monolithic mix analogous to CMOS. Our process is a simple modification of the amorphous silicon transistor process which uses selective area laser crystallization. This approach allows us to share many of the process steps involved in making both the amorphous and polysilicon devices. The first major challenge which has arisen in this work relates to controlling the hydrogen evolution during the selective crystallization. The second major challenge was identifying a common gate insulator for both devices which would provide adequate control of the threshold voltage. Both issues will be addressed in the presentation.
9:00 AM A1.2/B1.2
a-Si:H THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS ON ROLLABLE 25-m THICK STEEL FOIL. Eugene Y. Ma and Sigurd Wagner, Princeton University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton, NJ.
Stainless steel has proven to be a substrate material that is surprisingly compatible with a-Si:H TFTs made from standard processing techniques even though the coefficient of thermal expansion for steel is 5 times that of a-Si:H. After deposition, the thin films comprising the TFT structure are forced to follow the thermal contraction of the much thicker substrate. We have observed, however, that a-Si:H TFTs fabricated on 25 m thick steel foil substrates are highly insensitive to the resulting strain. This evidence is obtained from evaluation of the electrical performance of these devices as a function of mechanical stress introduced by controlled bending.
The TFTs were made in the inverted-staggered, back-channel etch configuration with 120 nm thick Cr gate electrodes, 320/160/50 nm PECVD SiN gate dielectric, a-Si:H channel, and n+ a-Si:H contact layers, respectively, and finally 120 nm Cr source/drain contacts, all on top of spin-on-glass (SOG) planarized steel foil with an additional SiN layer. The maximum process temperature is 350ºC used for the gate nitride. The resulting TFTs-on-steel can be rolled facing-in or facing-out to radii as low as 3 mm with only small drifts in TFT performance. In fact, at smaller radii of curvature the devices fail mechanically, peeling off at the SOG/nitride interface, before failing electrically. We show that under our bending tests, the mechanical stress can be made equal to the stress from differential contraction, and we will describe and analyze the results of electrical and mechanical tests as a function of substrate bending.
Taking advantage of the flexibility and resiliency of these devices, we have fabricated TFTs using only xerographic toner masks printed directly on to the substrate. We have succeeded for the first time in overlay aligning each of the four mask levels in the laser printer, and will describe this novel process in detail.
SURFACE REACTIONS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE (110ºC) AMORPHOUS SILICON TFT FORMATION ON TRANSPARENT PLASTIC SUBSTRATES. G.N. Parsons, C.S. Yang, C.B. Arthur, T.M. Klein, A.I. Chowdhury, and L.L. Smith, Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
This paper describes initial results of chemical mechanisms for good quality low temperature amorphous silicon thin film transistor fabrication on transparent plastic substrates. Inverted-staggered TFTís formed in our lab on PET at a maximum process temperature of 110ºC have linear mobility of 0.11 cm2/Vs, on/off ratio > 106, off current <10-12 Amps, good quality n+ contacts, and minimal gate leakage. Silane/hydrogen mixtures were used for a-Si:H deposition. Mass spectroscopy and infrared transmission show that at temperatures between 250ºC and room temperature, H abstraction and etching reduce H content and control SiH/SiH2 ratio. Silicon nitride film quality is predominantly sensitive to Si-H/N-H bond density ratio, and materials with optimized bonding can be formed with N2/SiH4/He plasmas with H content 20 at. at 110ºC. The process is sensitive to temperature because N-H bond formation proceeds through a thermally activated surface reaction. Using ammonia, the process is less sensitive to temperature, but H contents are about a factor of 2 larger. When smooth glass substrates are used instead of PET to form TFTís at 110ºC, an improved mobility is observed (0.33 cm2/Vs). Scanning force microscopy shows rms roughness of 4 to 5 nm on PET, compared to <1 nm for glass. Progress toward TFT formation on other plastic substrates will be presented.
STEPPED GATE POLYSILICON THIN FILM TRANSISTOR FOR LARGE AREA POWER APPLICATIONS. J. Aschenbeck, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM; Y. Chen, Department of Electrical Engineering & Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM; F. Clough, Y.Z. Xu, E.M. Sankara Narayanan, all from Emerging Technologies Research Centre, De Montfort University; W.I. Milne, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UNITED KINGDOM.
The standard polysilicon (poly-Si) High Voltage Thin Film Transistor (HVTFT) technologies currently available have a range of limitations. The Offset Drain (OD) HVTFT structure has a low on current [1]. Metal Field-Plate (MFP) HVTFT structures have and excellent on/off current ratio of 6 orders but require an additional bias connection to drive the metal field plate. MFP HVTFTs also have a modest blocking capability defined by the electric field peaks which arise at the edges of the MFP due to discontinuities in the bias voltages [1]. The magnitude of this peak field is a function of the field oxide thickness. More recently we demonstrated a HVTFT structure with a Semi-insulating field plate [1]. The SI HVTFT has a blocking capability in excess of 250 V but a switching speed which is limited by the rate at which the SI layer can be charged and discharged. In this paper we propose a new Stepped Gate (SG) HVTFT structure with a much improved switching performance relative to the SI HVTFT. The field oxide in the offset region is stepped to define two field oxide thicknesses. A MFP is connected to the polysilicon gate and covers both levels of the stepped field gate oxide. The result is a 3 terminal TFT structure with a field oxide thickness which becomes progressively thicker from source to drain. 2-D numerical simulation has been used to model both the dc (on/off ratio, blocking voltage) and transient performance of the device. The thicker field oxide near the drain results in a reduced peak field and a good device blocking capability. The Silvaco Atlas Device Simulation tool has been used to model the transient response times. The simulated transient response times are comparable to those of 4 terminal MFP structures. The on/off ratio is as good as in the SI Device. There is still a trade-off between on-current and device blocking capability which has to be considered. This has been optimised by simulations.
TRANSISTORS WITH A PROFILED ACTIVE LAYER MADE BY HOT-WIRE CVD. H. Meiling, A.M. Brockhoff, J.K. Rath, and R.E.I. Schropp, Debye Institute, Section Interface Physics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, THE NETHERLANDS.
We report on thin-film silicon based transistors, TFTs, in which the channel material is deposited with the hot-wire chemical vapour deposition (hot-wire CVD) technique. Recently, we showed that with hot-wire CVD deposition rates for hydrogenated amorphous silicon, -Si:H, close to 20 Å/s can be achieved while maintaining good material and TFT properties. Also, these TFTs did not show any shift of the threshold voltage upon 1.5 h of gate bias stress, in contrast to conventional, plasma-deposited -Si:H TFTs. In this study we compare the behaviour of hot-wire deposited thin-film silicon transistors, in which the structure of the material changes from purely amorphous to completely polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si:H). We present the transfer characteristics before and after prolonged gate bias stress for up to 65 h. We also show cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images of the semiconductor/insulator interface, and correlate the observed structures with results on crystallinity from Raman spectroscopy measurements. By diluting silane with hydrogen during hot-wire CVD a wide range of (profiled) materials can be made. With silane only, -Si:H is obtained, whereas when a mixture of silane and hydrogen is used, a 50-nm amorphous incubation layer is present in a furthermore completely poly-Si:H layer. Only at a very high hydrogen dilution of the silane gas we observe a completely poly-Si:H active layer, and the occurrence of the incubation layer at the interface is avoided. The poly-Si:H transistor with the -Si:H incubation layer did not show any threshold voltage shift, even after 65 h of gate bias stress. We suspect that the incubation layer is a heterogeneous layer with nanocrystalline domains. The fully -Si:H TFT showed a minor shift of 1.5 V after 65 h. A reference plasma-CVD -Si:H TFT showed a threshold-voltage shift of 8 V in the same time-frame.
AMORPHOUS SILICON AND PROCESSING
FOR DISPLAYS
Chairs: Ruud E.I. Schropp and Chuang Chuang Tsai
10:15 AM *A2.1/B2.1
HIGH CONDUCTIVITY GATE METALLURGY FOR TFT/LCD*s. Peter M. Fryer, IBM Research Division, Yorktown Heights, NY.
Amorphous silicon based thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT/LCD) have become the dominant technology used for flat panel displays for notebook computers. The need for higher resolution, larger diagonal displays for both notebook and desktop applications will be discussed. Currently used materials and processes are not always extendible as resolution and display size increase, and efforts to replace them can lead to substantial increases in manufacturing cost. Calculations have shown that the use of high conductivity gate metal, together with the implementation of improved groundrules, can significantly extend today's technology. For example, high conductivity gate metal such as aluminum and copper are highly desirable, but they are difficult to implement. Aluminum suffers from problems with hillock formation during PECVD processing, and copper typically has poor adhesion to glass, reaction problems with silicon and other PECVD films, and difficulties in contacting it to other metals. Approaches to solving problems with both materials will be presented, and a typical TFT fabrication process incorporating these materials described.
10:45 AM A2.2/B2.2
TFT-LCD FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR DESKTOP MONITORS. C.W. Kim, C.O. Jeong, M.K. Hur, J.H. Souk, AMLCD Division, Samsung Electronics, Kiheung, Kyungkido, KOREA.
As the notebook PC market is saturated, the TFT-LCD panel makers are looking for the new area and the desktop monitor market is the best candidate. Compared to notebook panels, monitors require large size panel fabrication and driving technology. Longer signal lines for large size panel affect the RC time delay of the signal. Low resistance materials are reviewed for gate line and data line materials. Properties of Al-alloy thin films as well as the fabrication technology of large size TFT panels are discussed. By using the Al-alloy metallization technology, high resolution and large size TFT-LCD monitors are realized.
CONTROLLED CRYSTALLIZATION BY SHORT PULSE LASER INTERFERENCE STRUCTURING OF AMORPHOUS SI FILMS ON GLASS. Silke H. Christiansen, Martin Albrecht, Horst P. Strunk, Uni Erlangen, GERMANY;. Christoph E. Nebel, Berit Dahlheimer, Martin Stutzmann, Walter Schottky Institut, TU Muenchen, GERMANY.
We analyze by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and laterally resolved Hall measurements the relation between grain boundary distribution (i.e. grain boundary type and distribution) and electronical properties (mobility) of laser crystallized amorphous Si Layers deposited on glass substrates. The amorphous layers are crystallized by a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser using the following three approaches: (i) short-pulse laser crystallization with two-beam and three-beam interference (interference structuring); (ii) generation of seed arrays based on interference structuring and subsequent thermal annealing for 12 hrs. at 650ºC; (iii) scanning the surface within multiple pulses using interference structuring result in forced growth of grains from the rim of the melted structures where nanocrystals of all orientation reside, to the centre. These grains are single crystalline with preferential orientations (fast growth directions <110> and <112>) and show a low defect density. Evaluation of the grain boundary types from electron backscattering pattern (EBSP) investigations and electron diffraction patterns reveal (i) a high amount of twin related tilt boundaries for the seeded growth experiments; (ii) the typical leaf-like structure for the thermally annealed material; (iii) a drastically increased crystal size for the scanning experiments.
SURFACE PLANARIZATION AND TEXTURE ENGINEERING OF THIN Si FILMS PREPARED VIA SEQUENTIAL LATERAL SOLIDIFICATION. M.A. Crowder, Robert S. Sposili, and James S. Im, Program in Materials Science, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia Univ., New York, NY.
The sequential lateral solidification (SLS) is a low-temperature excimer-laser crystallization process which can create large, location-controlled single-crystal regions in as-deposited amorphous or polycrystalline silicon films on SiO2 [Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (1997) 3434].
In this paper, we report on morphological and microstructural characteristics of the resulting SLS processed material, with particular emphasis on (1) improving the surface topology of the crystallized areas and (2) inducing constrained crystallographic textures in the single-crystal regions. The surface of the crystallized areas, examined using profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM), is found to be smooth on a microscopic scale, with gentle undulations (e.g., approximately 50 Å amplitude with a spatial period of several microns, for 2000 Å-thick films).
It is found that these minor undulations can be further reduced by SLS of silicon films with a thick capping oxide layer. Additionally, we show that it is possible to preselect the texture of the single-crystal regions through ``seeding'' by inducing development of restricted crystallographic textures through multiple-pulse-induced-grain-growth of the film -- attained by irradiating at near-complete melting conditions -- prior to SLS.
RECENT PROGRESS OF LOW TEMPERATURE POLY-SI TFT TECHNOLOGY. Kiyoshi Yoneda, LCD Division, Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd., Osaka, JAPAN.
Currently, LCD manufactures pay a considerable effort toward the establishment of production technology in low temperature poly-Si TFTs because it promises to produce higher premium TFT LCD management on behalf of a conventional amorphous TFT LCD. In order to achieve a high yield in production, however, low temperature poly-Si technology must overcome a number of significant production challenges. In this article, we will submit the existing subjects of low temperature poly-Si technologies especially, CVD, ELA, and ion doping processes and discuss their recent progresses.
SESSION A3: COLOR AND X-RAY SENSORS
Chair: Rodrigo Martins
Tuesday Afternoon, April 14, 1998
1:30 PM *A3.1
ACTIVE MATRIX FLAT-PANEL IMAGERS (AMFPIs)-A POTENTIALLY DOMINANT TECHNOLOGY FOR MEDICAL X-RAY IMAGING IN THE 21ST CENTURY. Larry E. Antonuk, Youcef El-Mohri, University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ann Arbor, MI.
After approximately ten years of intensive development, the technology of active matrix, flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) is at the threshold of routine clinical use for a wide variety of applications including general radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, and radiotherapy imaging. the imagers are based on two-dimensional a-Si:H arrays with pixels consisting of a thin-film transistor coupled to a p-i-n photodiode. They are operated in conjunction with a scintillating material such as a phosphor screen or CsI positioned over, or deposited on the array surface, and are read out by means of gate drivers and preamplifier-multiplexer-ADC electronics. The technology allows capture of both individual images (radiographic mode) as well as real-time imaging at 30 frames per second (fluoroscopic mode). Practical, large area devices have been reported with pixel pitches extending down to 97 m. AMFPIs offer numerous advantages over existing technologies including a large field of view (up to 30x40 cm2 presently), real-time digital readout, high-quality images free of distortion, glare, and processor artifacts, compact packaging, and large dynamic range. Furthermore, the very high optical transfer efficiency of these devices facilitates excellent signal-to-noise properties leading to the definite potential of improved image quality at reduced dose for some applications. In this presentation, the present state of the technology will be summarized, and the intrinsic properties of the imagers will be reviewed. Medical imaging examples illustrating properties of the underlying a-Si:H technology and highlighting the advantages over conventional medical x-ray imaging systems will be presented. Finally, prospects for the future evolution of this potentially dominant technology will be discussed.
2:00 PM A3.2
A NOVEL ROOM TEMPERATURE INFRARED DETECTOR USING MICROCOMPENSATED AMORPHOUS SILICON. D. Caputo, G. de Cesare, A. Nascetti, F. Palma, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome ``La Sapienza'', Rome, ITALY.
In this paper we present a new a-Si:H structure, which allows detection of infrared light through capacitance measurement at room temperature. The device is a p-c-n structure, where the internal absorber c layer indicates a-Si:H compensated material, with very low concentrations of phosphorous and boron atoms. Infrared radiation causes transitions from extended states in the valence band to defects in the forbidden gap. This process does not give rise to a photocurrent, rather it changes defect occupancy and thus the electric field distribution. At room temperature this effect can be observed as variation of differential capacitance of the structure. We experimentally found that measured capacitance is sensitive to radiation from 900 nm up to 4 m. Capacitance measurements performed in the same condition on a p-i-n standard solar cell does not show any difference between dark condition nor under IR illumination. The different sensitivities of the p-c-n device and p-i-n structure to IR radiation, is ascribed to the different nature of defects in compensated and intrinsic materials. In particular, compensated materials are rich in defects which act as hole traps, while in intrinsic materials defects act mainly as recombination centers.
STABLIZED THREE COLOR PIINIP SENSOR FOR HIGH ILLUMINATION CONDITIONS. D. Knipp, H. Stiebig, H. Wagner, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH, Juelich, GERMANY.
The development of amorphous silicon based color detectors operating under high illumination conditions is of great interest for scanners, color copier and various kinds of outdoor applications. Only under high illumination fast color recognition can be realized, because the sensor peformance is limited by the transient photocurrent response, especially at low levels of intensity. The rise time of a-Si:H based detectors increases nearly linearly with decreasing illumination. On the other hand under high illumination conditions light induced degradation is more pronounced. Therefore, we have investigated the influence of light induced degradation on various two terminal devices like nipiin, piinip and piiin structures in order to develop a stabile three color detector. The best results are obtained for a piinip layer sequence. The novel detector is realized by two different i-layers in the top diode with decreasing optical bandgap from the p- to the n-layer in order to obtain a color separation of blue and green light. Red light is detected in the bottom diode. In order to achieve a high stability of the devices high optical bandgap materials using a gas mixture of silane and methane (a-SiC:H) is replaced by low temperature deposited a-Si:H (Ts =140-160ºC) using high hydrogen dilution (10-30) and low bandgap materials based on a-SiGe:H alloys is substituted by c-Si:H, respectively. These materials exhibit a reduced defect creation under light exposure. The novel two terminal device shows maxima of the spectral response at 470 nm (-0.1V), 520nm (-2.0V) and 630nm (+2.0V) and a dynamic range exceeding 85 dB. The dynamic as well as the color separation is not affected significantly after AM1.5 illumination of more than 100h. For different detector systems the influence of light induced degradation on the spectral response, the dynamic and the dark current will be discussed.
MATERIAL ASPECTS OF A-SIN:H BASED 2D DIRECT X-RAY SENSOR ARRAY. I. Popov, G. Van Doorselaer, A. Van Calster, H. De Smet, Univ. Ghent, ELIS-TFCG/IMEC, Ghent, BELGIUM; E. Boesman, F. Callens, Univ. Ghent, CSSS, Ghent, BELGIUM.
Recent developments in a cost effective 2D direct X-ray sensor array on the base of a-SiN:H Thin Film Diodes (TFDs) [1,2] lead to the necessity of careful understanding of the behavior of a-SiN:H films under X-ray irradiation. `Direct sensing' means that there is no intermediate layer to convert the incoming x-ray irradiation into a less energetic one. In other words we are using the same medium (atomic network) for the absorption of the incoming high energy x-ray photons and conversion of the signal into the electrical form. The closest example of such approach is the electroradiographic plates on the base of amorphous Se (from the point of view of the medium, not the strategy of image creation and reading out). This material exhibits higher efficiency in x-ray absorption but the major drawback is its insufficient stability which follows from its structural network. Another approach is to separate the medium responsible for the x-ray absorption and the medium responsible for the electrical signal delivery. In the latter case each medium can be optimized separately. In our case this is not working, the a-SiN:H TFD must be optimized taking into account all requirements, which, sometimes, contradict each other. This will include optimization of the a-SiN:H thin films and TFD technology processing. There are three major issues in the optimization of the sensing TFD: (i) increase of the response current; (ii) decrease of the ìoffî -state current; (iii) lifetime. Means that are employed for achieving this optimization include a-SiN:H technology processing (such as N, H concentration; doping), metals used for the top and bottom electrodes of the TFD, design of the TFD.
PROCESS INTEGRATION OF a-Si:H SCHOTTKY DIODE AND THIN FILM TRANSISTOR FOR LOW ENERGY X-RAY IMAGING APPLICATIONS. Byung-kyu Park, Koorosh Aflatooni, Murthy Rambhatla, and Arokia Nathan, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA.
Recently (IEDM 1997), we reported the design and the fabrication of a direct-conversion x-ray detector based on Mo/a-Si:H Schottky diode for large area imaging of low energy x-rays. In this diode, the interaction of x-ray photons with Mo leads to injection of high energy electrons, by virtue of the photoelectric effect, into a reverse-biased a-Si:H depletion layer, where electron (avalanche) multiplication yields a gain. The pixel operates at low bias voltage (<4V) with a sensitivity of 0.2-2.7*108 electrons over an x-ray range of 40-100 kVp.


Before Jockum Hallin and Christopher Nying founded Our Legacy, they shared a youthful enthusiasm for motocross. That came out in a collection that gently blended ingredients drawn from different masculine subcultures and was intended to outfit new ones. The abstract scarlet logo stamped on a horizontal white-striped black jersey was the designers' concession to personal nostalgia, while much of the rest of this seemed a gentle riff on a geezerish, casual post-punk Anglo man.
A reversible mac wearable either in crumpled navy nylon or a wide Aquascutum-flavored check, plus brushed cotton tattersall shirting, half-zip tops, and the washed denim were the most explicit evocations of the theme. Into that, though, were swirled wide-pin-striped suiting with kickily hemmed pants, high-shine black outerwear and pants, Liberty-print floral shirting, some magnificently decadent velvet pants, and even grosgrain slippers. This was masculinity expressed via multiplicity, from lager-lover to louche. Terry ringers, distressed knits, soft shirting (of which much was served short-sleeved and double-pocketed), plus scuba jersey hoodies and sweats provided a broader baseline of highly wearable yet less-specific pieces.


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20/11/17 • Free Form	: Heather Jones
Private: Wear a mask when you talk to me
20/11/17 • Free Form : Heather Jones
Private: Wear a mask when you talk to me is, very frankly, the single best artwork I've seen all year. This includes my trips to New York, Berlin, Copenhagen and Oslo. The solo performance by Swiss choreographer and artist Alexandra Bachzetsis took place on the evenings of October 27th and 28th at Stavanger's own Rimi/Imir Scenekunst. Those audience members lucky enough to attend the event were met with a virtuoso in the subtleties of movement and gesture that reveal the exhaustion of trying to maintain identity in the face of overwhelming various societal norms and expectations. Bachzetsis has performed at venues internationally including Pompidou Centre, Paris, Tate Modern, London, the Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam, Kunsthalle Basel, and dOCUMENTA (13), and numerous reviews have lauded her success. Instead of rewording that which has already been written, below is a raw, immediate reaction to the artwork, noted in real time as the performance took place, with very little editing after the fact. Rather than focusing solely on the conceptual framework of Bachzetsis' practice, my hope is to more aptly describe the experience of the performance.
Alexandra Bachzetsis - Kunstverein Hannover. 18.06.2016
Red wine from a box in a plastic cup. Sitting on a mismatched assortment of chairs on risers with a sprinkling of other audience members, some whom I know, some I don't.
The space is amazing – checkered mylar flooring and thick black theater curtains demarcate the performance space. A far cry from the gutted former RIMI Grocery store that it was when I visited last year. Warmer too…
I chat with an artist sitting to my left. We both feel that this could be another city – The Kitchen in New York comes to mind, various underground performance venues in Berlin…
The artist sits on a small stool stage left.
Sexy sporty fresh
Amy Whinehouse in sneakers
No time for full sentences now
"When I see you baby I just want to take off your clothes, take off your clothes, take off my clothes, rip off your cloths…" the music blares.
Reminder: look up this song when I get home
(Note: The song is Take Off Your Clothes by Morningwood)
Alexandra is still sitting, laser-focused, putting on make up in front of a small cosmetic mirror on a tripod. It's a ritual any female who has spent hours getting ready could understand. Put it all on…take it off so it "looks natural"… but a little more on.
Puffs of powder catch and glitter in the bright stage lights
Pucker, hollow cheeks, look left, look right, smile coyly at the reflection
She's wearing a full-length black latex dress, simultaneously revealing and covering
She asks an audience member to spray latex oil all over, all over she says again…
My thoughts scitter too quickly to write:
artifice
Body undulations turn to push-ups and she's suddenly powerful
Now classic ballet stretches
Sudden silence, creaking chairs, a cough, continued dancing in the ensuing awkward silence
The squeak and slap of the latex renders the previously sexy movements absurd – like a movie suddenly devoid of its soundtrack.
Sauntering towards me. Will she ask me to put my notebook away?
"Could you unzip my dress please?" she asks me politely, turning around and pull her trailing black hair out of the way.
It takes me two tries.
Now my hands are slippery from the oil as I grip my pen. That's what you get for sitting in the front row.
She removes her make up now – a bit of a shame after all of the previous effort
(she quietly announces that the bucket of water has been forgotten – a young man unobtrusively brings it out later during the performance)
Now in pants she becomes, shifting quickly…
manspreads
beckoning then staring blankly then challenging
with make up and body language, gender changes completely within seconds
tacit agreement of the audience to sit comes to the front: to be challenged
shifts again – jock turns to intellectual
female sex symbol turns male sex symbol
male Calvin klein underwear model, lounging alluringly with an I don't give a fuck but I really do give a fuck attitude
unhurried movements and long pauses allow for a full gaze and study of posture
The awkwardness now of a female bikini model in an Everlast jumpsuit
a boxer
fantasy sleep vs. real sleeping positions: pointed toes and alluring side position becomes a tossing of the head, believable slack-jawed open-mouthed sleep
Trisha Brown's study of banal everyday movements likes sitting and walking and eating spring to mind.
cow, cat, cow, cat, yoga pose – quickly now
This is challenging and funny – Am I allowed to laugh? She looks so serious gyrating on the floor.
Again she moves with the startling swiftness between stereotypical gender representations.
She dons white socks and just like that we're in the presence of Michael Jackson and Bob Fosse.
accusatory
fey
conspiratory
She shows a superb mastery of the subtleties of human gesture
The entirety of the performance feels like a meditation on human movements, body language, costume, gender – both by the artist in the creation of the work and now by us, the audience. It's a performance of human performance. After all, we're all trained to perform our various, aren't we?
Now the swing and hold and straight edges of modern dance
Another costume change: business suit and heels.
I'm surprised – the sexy business woman that I expected is now a male flamenco dancer.
heel taps, tow drags and snaps
Suddenly, again, my interpretation of male and female are challenged by shifting into cultural norms.
(Later, reading more about Backzetsis' practice, I learn this is a reference to the Greek rebetiko tradition.)
….This space, the space for this kind of performance work, is what Stavanger has been missing, what I've been missing, perhaps without even know it.
Powerful and intense
Raw but flawless
Now she dunks her head unceremoniously in a bucket of water
Walking without drama back to the original chair, stage left, from where she started her performance.
She's singing a soulful song – what language is that?
Hair dripping on a wet white towel and blue teeshirt with growing water marks.
This might sound funny in writing, but it isn't. It's incredibly moving.
And then long minutes of hearty, well-deserved applause.
Alexandra Bachzetsis is a choreographer and visual artist, based in Basel (CH) and Zurich (CH). Her practice unfolds at the intersection of dance, performance, the visual arts and theater, generating a conflation of the spaces in which the body, as an artistic and critical apparatus, can manifest. This fundamentally interdisciplinary approach is reflected in her educational background. She studied and graduated at the Zürcher Kunstgymnasium (CH), the Dimitrischule in Verscio (CH), the Performance Education Program at the STUK arts centre in Leuven (BE), and then continued to post-graduate level at Das Arts, the Advanced Research in Theatre and Dance Studies centre in Amsterdam (NL). During these years of training, Bachzetsis began to work as a dancer in the contemporary dance and performance context, collaborating with Sasha Waltz & Guests (Berlin) and Les Ballets C. de la B. (Gent), among others. Collaboration, transference and a plurality of voices and bodies have informed Bachzetsis' work ever since and is often thematized as a method of developing new work in her practice.
Much of Bachzetsis's work involves choreographies of the body and, in particular, the way that popular culture provides source material for gesture, expression, identification, and fantasy as we continually create and re-create our bodies and the way we identify. Within this, she scrutinizes the mutual influence between the use of gesture and movement in the 'popular' or 'commercial' genres on the one hand (online media, video-clip and television as a resource) and in the 'arts' on the other hand (ballet, modern and contemporary dance and performance). For Bachzetsis, the artificial and often precarious relationship between such genres produce an inquiry into the human body and its potential for transformation, however conceptual or actual. Ultimately, the way we all perform and stage our bodies and ourselves – through stereotypes and archetypes, through choice and cliché, through labor and spectacle – is a question that continues to shape the work of Bachzetsis.
Since Bachzetsis started working independently in 2001, she has created over 24 pieces, often working collaboratively, which have been shown in theaters, festivals and public space venues worldwide. In addition to this, her work has been exhibited in a variety of contemporary art spaces and museums, including Kunsthalle Basel (Basel, 2008), the Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam, 2013 and 2015), Tate Modern (London, 2014) and the Jumex Museum (Mexico City, 2014), as well as a number of international biennials, such as the 5th Berlin Biennial (Berlin, 2008), (d)OCUMENTA 13 (Kassel, 2012) the Biennial of Moving Images (Geneva, 2014), the Museum of Modern Art New York (New York 2017) and documenta 14 (Athens and Kassel 2017). Bachzetsis was nominated for the DESTE Prize (2011) and is a laureate of the Migros Kulturprozent Jubilee Award (2007), the Swiss Art Award (2011 and 2016) and Swiss Performance Prize (2012). In 2016, Brachzetsis participated in "The Parliament of Bodies" and "Continuum", Public Programmes at documenta 14. In January 2017, she presented Massacre: Variations on a Theme at MoMA, New York City. Later that year her work was included in documenta 14 exhibitions at Athens and Kassel.
Learn more about the artist on her website, HERE.
23/02/16 • Stavanger	:
RIMI/IMIR Scenekunst
18/10/17 • Interview	: Heather Jones
Interview: Jacob Wren
17/03/17 • Review	: Heather Jones
© Copyright National and international copyright laws protect the works of art presented at this website. The artworks may not be reproduced or made public in any way, analogue or digital, without permission from the right holders / BONO. Please contact BONO (Norwegian Visual Artists Copyright Society) in order to obtain a license.	All efforts have been made to correctly site and credit images. If you believe an image has been credited incorrectly, please contact us at: info@contemporaryartstavanger.no

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Wechsel zu ger mit URL: http://www.desy.de/aktuelles/news/archiv_vor_2010/2003/desy_2404/index_ger.html
2.2.1.7.1: DESY 09.12. .
2.2.1.7.2: XFEL 30.10. .
2.2.1.7.5: ILC 16.07. .
2.2.1.7.8: Phot. 26.05. .
2.2.1.7.10: DESY 05.05. .
Standort: 2.2.1.7.12: DESY 24.04. .
2.2.1.7.18: Part.Phys.07.03. .
2.2.1.7.23: ILC 05.02. .
2.2.1.7.24: ILC 05.02.- .
2.2.1.7.26: Phot. 31.01. .
2.2.1.7.27: XFEL 27.01. .
2.2.1.7.31: DESY 06.01.- .
URL: http://www.desy.de/news/news/archive_before_2010/2003/desy_2404/index_eng.html
DESY 24.04.
David Milstead honored with the DESY Communication Award
Dr. David Milstead from the University of Liverpool was honored with the DESY Communication Award, presented by the Association of Friends and Sponsors of DESY.
from left: Dr. David Milstead and Prof. Erich Lohrmann
Professor Erich Lohrmann awarded the prize yesterday on the occasion of a colloquium of the DESY in-house education program.
Milstead was honored with the € 1000 prize for a film about "Chasing the Magnetic Monopole" which he had produced last year in collaboration with a BBC TV team. The film provides an insight in Milsteads life and work as a young physicist at the HERA experiment H1, looking for magnetic monopoles. These hypothetical formations consist of a single magnetic north or south pole. They are the source of a magnetic field - comparable to the electrical charges and the corresponding field. In his lecture Milstead reported about his work and his experiences during the production of the film.
The DESY Communication Award was presented for the second time. It is an award for young scientists who have an excellent capability to give an understanding of their work to a scientifically interested audience.


text:
Q: Python - Check if linux partition is read-only or read-write? I have a python application running on a beaglebone. How do I (in Python) check if the "/mnt" partition is mounted as read-only or read-write?

A: EDIT: The answer makes the assumption that you plan to write to /mnt.
I would just try to write to it and catch OSError exception to handle the read-only case.

A: Solution is pretty much trivial, with only 1 syscall (statvfs).
stat = os.statvfs('/mnt')

# Python < 3.2
ST_RDONLY = 1
readonly = bool(stat.f_flag & ST_RDONLY)

# Python >= 3.2
readonly = bool(stat.f_flag & os.ST_RDONLY)

A: This should do the trick for you:
def isMountReadonly(mnt):
    with open('/proc/mounts') as f:
        for line in f:
            device, mount_point, filesystem, flags, __, __ = line.split()
            flags = flags.split(',')
            if mount_point == mnt:
                return 'ro' in flags
        raise ValueError('mount "%s" doesn\'t exist' % mnt)

print "read only: %s" % isMountReadonly('/mnt')

Output:
read only: False

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Do you have 10-year-old spices and 5-year-old can goods in your pantry? The average shelf life of a dried store bought spice is 1 year. The average shelf life of a canned good is 2 years.
Our professional organizing for kitchens start with throwing away all expired food from the pantry, refrigerator and freezer. The second step is to empty out all cabinets, drawers, and pantry. While the emptying out occurs, decisions are made about what needs to be donated and what stays. All surfaces are cleaned and handy organizers are installed where needed. All items are replaced in an orderly and convenient manner.
* Tip: Toss expired items after each time change during the year.


While volunteering at the Sâkêwêwak Artists Collective, I was asked to create a timeline of the storied organization's milestone events. The organization wanted a timeline that reflected their First Nations ideals, opting for a circular design that reflected the Cree Medicine Wheel. To create the wheel I used the D3.js data visualization library that utilizes JSON to store the application's data.
Had we had more time to develop this, I would have used a custom template within Squarespace to allow the organization to treat each timeline entry as a post to their blog. Perhaps for the next update.
Note: as of 5/29/2015, Sâkêwêwak recently updated their site, breaking this page. I'll be working with them to get it back online, shortly.


This is the time of year when you are yearning for the sun to shine and the snow to melt. The birds are starting to come back and you slowly begin waking up to their morning chirps.
It may just be me, but this is also the time of year that I begin to feel nostalgic to the years past. Regardless of where I currently am in my life – I start to worry if I have made the correct choices. Am I supposed to be here or were the many obstacles that I have overcome, supposed to take my life when they were first presented to me?
Life is too short to keep revisiting the past and holding on to emotions.
Regardless of how hard we try to let go, I feel like we all have a tendency to hold on.
We need to make a more conscious effort to forget the past or more so, turn the pain of the past into something beautiful in the future.
Use your days to exist; we can worry when we are dead.


text:
Q: M4 eval precision I'm trying to use M4 macros to generate css files. I'm willing to enter my values in px and do simple math using eval() to get results in em. Unfortunatly I didn't find how to get floats.
define(`FONTSIZE', `13')dnl
define(`LINEHEIGHT', `17')dnl
.content {padding : eval(LINEHEIGHT / FONTSIZE)em}
>>> m4 style.css.m4
>>> .content {padding : 1em}

Any ideas?
Thanks!

A: For your particular purpose the expression may become something like
eval(LINEHEIGHT/FONTSIZE).substr(eval(((LINEHEIGHT%FONTSIZE)*1000)/FONTSIZE + 1000),1)

(of course, use the power of 10 that meets your precision requirements)
This is a common trick to obtain a floating point-like result from a division. Other operators are more complicated, not to say the functions like sin, cos, ln...
In general it would be possible in principle to write some floating point manipulation macros implemented with string manipulations and integer operators, but I think it's more pratical to use an external program (bc, gawk...) invoked by "syscmd()" when the operations are not as simple as a division.

A: Inspired from previous answer:
define(`FONTSIZE', `13')dnl
define(`LINEHEIGHT', `17')dnl

.content {padding:syscmd(bc <<< "scale=6; print LINEHEIGHT/FONTSIZE")em;}

NB: scale=6; is for floating precision
NB: I've written a little macro for this, you can find it here: m4 preprocessor BC macro


text:
Court acquits former Bulgaria interior minister on eavesdropping charges
Written by The Sofia Globe staff on January 29, 2015 in Bulgaria - Comments Off on Court acquits former Bulgaria interior minister on eavesdropping charges
Sofia City Court ruled on January 29 to find Tsvetan Tsvetanov, who was interior minister in Boiko Borissov's first government between July 2009 and February 2013, not guilty on charges of failure to exercise oversight over the use wiretaps by the Interior Ministry during his time in office.
The verdict came as no surprise, as lead prosecutor Chavdar Angelov said earlier in the day that the prosecutor's office was no longer pressing charges. Angelov said that legislative changes to the Interior Ministry Act passed by the previous legislature in 2014 – when GERB, Borissov's party in which Tsvetanov is deputy leader, was in opposition – removed the legal grounds for prosecuting Tsvetanov and four other former senior officials in the interior ministry's department in charge of wire-tapping.
Judge Petar Gounchev, who presided over the case, said that the legislative changes were not the only reason for the verdict, as quoted by specialist judiciary news website Legalworld.bg. Gounchev said that he could not give further details about the reasoning for his verdict because of the nature of the case – since it dealt with classified information, all the lawsuit's hearings were held behind closed doors.
Tsvetanov and four other officials were charged in June 2013 following an investigation by prosecutors, which found that lax controls over police eavesdropping created an environment ripe for abuse. At the same, however, the prosecutors said that they found no evidence that such abuse had been carried out, as claimed by an anonymous tip-off sent to the media in March 2013.
The tip-off alleged that illegal electronic surveillance had targeted – at Tsvetanov orders – a range of government and opposition politicians, business people, members of the judiciary, protest leaders and other public figures including Bulgaria's European Commissioner (for a full list of the people alleged to have been eavesdropped on, see The Sofia Globe report here).
Prosecutors have pursued three separate lawsuits against Tsvetanov since he left office, all relating to his actions as interior minister. The verdict in the eavesdropping case is the second acquittal, with the Sofia City Court also finding him not guilty on embezzlement charges.
In the third lawsuit, Tsvetanov was sentenced to four years imprisonment for refusing to authorise wire-tapping of as part of a police investigation.
The two earlier verdicts, in the embezzlement and refusal to authorise wire-taps, are both being appealed and were heard by the Sofia Appellate Court earlier this month, with rulings expected in the coming weeks.
(Tsvetan Tsvetanov. Photo: gerb.bg)
Tsvetanov's Republicans for Bulgaria holds founding meeting
Tsvetanov announces initiative committee of his Republicans for Bulgaria party
Former parliamentary leader of Bulgarian PM's GERB confirms he will found his own party
Tsvetanov: 'Bulgaria and N Macedonia should focus on what unites us'
Covid-19 in Bulgaria: Omicron variant found in 129 of 234 samples sequenced by NCIPD


How can I communicate w pet sitters close to my town?
I was sent a friend/ reference from my old job for dog sitting ... location of potential client way far for me to travel... in order to communicate w some 1 locally & see their availability.
I had to go on Rover & answer questions as if I was looking for a dog sitter myself!
Im new to Rover & still having a hard time maneuvering on all sites.
when in need to speak to some1 near my location... do I post on this community/ site to get reply from some1 in particular? Or how can I communicate with specific person ???
Re: How can I communicate w pet sitters close to my town?
Hi @Dogmom1! Can you let us know what city/state you are in?


text:
Anthony A. Barrueta
Tony Barrueta is senior vice president of Government Relations for Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and Hospitals. He is responsible for guiding the development of Kaiser Permanente's public policy positions. He leads a team of advocates and public policy professionals based in Oakland, Sacramento, and Washington, DC, who represent Kaiser Permanente before state and federal policymakers. He is also a member of the organization's National Executive Team and chairs its Health Policy Committee. He has held several positions in Kaiser Permanente's Government Relations department. As vice president from 2003 to 2010, he advanced the organization's positions in many policy areas, including Medicare, health insurance regulation, and health care reform. From 1994 to 2003, he served first as counsel and then senior counsel, providing state and federal legislative guidance as well as legal and policy guidance to the organization's pharmacy leadership. Prior to joining Kaiser Permanente, he was in private law practice in Washington, DC, representing health care organizations, pharmacy benefit management companies, and trade associations before Congress and executive agencies. He is the past chair and member of the board of directors of the Public Health Institute and serves on the board of directors for the Alliance of Community Health Plans and the Health Care Transformation Task Force. He also participates on the Public Policy Institute of California's Statewide Leadership Council and chairs the American Hospital Association's Provider-led Health Plan Strategic Leadership Group. He previously served on the board of directors for Enroll America, the East Bay Agency for Children, and Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of the Mid-Atlantic States. He received his undergraduate degree at Boston College and his law degree from the University of Texas at Austin.


text:
Amid Taliban Talks, Moulton Urges President Trump to Step up for Afghan Translators & Direct State Department to Bring Afghan Allies to Safety
SALEM, Mass.—Today, as President Trump convenes his national security advisors for an update on a potential peace deal with the Taliban, Representative Seth Moulton (D-MA) made the following statement:
"The translators who risked their lives to protect Americans in Afghanistan are heroes--brothers and sisters to many who fought there. If we leave them behind, the Taliban will kill them," Moulton said. "President Trump, Secretary Pompeo, and Special Representative Zalmay Khalilzad must protect Afghan translators. Regardless of whatever peace agreement they negotiate with the Taliban, we know better than to trust the Taliban to keep our translators safe. It's up to us to ensure their safety after they risked their lives, not just for Afghanistan, but for America." Rep Moulton added, "Further, the State Department must expedite Special Immigrant Visa processing; the process is moving too slowly because of the president's war on immigrants, and it will move even slower if the size of the State Department's mission is reduced after a peace deal—which is backwards. We should be increasing our diplomatic presence if we withdraw troops. Congress must expand the number of visas the United States will provide now so these brave men and women are guaranteed the safety that's only found within our borders."
Nearly 20,000 Afghans are still caught in the backlog for the Special Immigrant Visa (SIV) program. Earlier this year, Moulton worked with a bipartisan group of colleagues to introduce H.R. 2796, the Afghan Allies and Protection Act to expand the number of Special Immigrant Visas.
Moulton also offered an amendment to the National Defense Authorization Act to expand the number of visas granted. While the amendment did not advance because of funding issues, the House and Senate will meet in this Fall to resolve differences between the two versions of the National Defense Authorization Act, which includes a modest expansion of SIVs. The Fiscal Year 2019 Omnibus Spending bill also included about 3,500 SIVs.
Moulton takes this fight personally. While serving in Iraq, he formed a close bond with an Iraqi translator, Mohammad Harba. The duo hosted one of the first television shows in the post-Hussein Iraq, called Moulton and Mohammad. As reported by Boston.com, Moulton's parents hosted Harba in Moulton's childhood home until Habra received asylum.


Congratulations. You're one step close to finding a date or a mate and having your very own Irresistible Online Dating profile. The holidays are around the corner, and we'll help you find your dream date.
Although our IRRESISTIBLE Anniversary special runs from October 15 – 20, 2013 with the only special discount of 50% off our Top 2 service levels.
Complete brand new online dating profile, including a personal dating analysis, catchy screen name, a new bio/headline, and a profile guaranteed ramp up your dating life. Includes a private and personalized online dating search and tips on how to write an introduction email and reply.
The most comprehensive package for busy singles. Includes all of the above, plus ongoing email support for 15-days, plus an autographed copy of the bestseller, The Perils of Cyber-Dating. This has become our most popular service. After all, everyone needs a little extra hand holding. Nervous about your upcoming date? Not sure what to wear? Need a list of first-date conversation starters?
Use Internet Explorer or Firefox browsers to pay for your plan.


Flexible working should be normalised and made available to all employees to overcome the stigma associated with it, according to a report by the New Zealand government.
It said flexible working is one of three areas in which improvements are needed if women are to realise leadership and management potential. The report also named unconscious gender bias and the processes for women leaving and re-entering the workplace when taking career breaks as areas for concern.
The report added that younger workers seeking work-life balance; older workers wanting semi-retirement; men wanting a greater role in childcare; and men and women needing time for elder care all need flexible working solutions.
It said showcasing flexibility in senior roles is a good way for businesses to increase flexible working and alter the stigma.
Key human resource policies and practices that support career progression are usually designed around full-time, office-based workers, said the report. "Such policies and practices may need to be revised to meet the needs of women re-entering the workforce in jobs that are designed to progress their leadership career while allowing them to work flexibly.
The report added that men may find it hard to request flexible working arrangements because of workplace culture and that executive attitudes and behaviour is extremely important in altering this unconscious bias.
"Embedding a flexible working culture within an organisation is likely to be difficult and also may be aided or hindered by the sector in which the organisation operates," it said.


This beauty is the perfect accent to layer with ANY of our Pretty Hunter Dog Tags - she is the balance of a whole lot of sweet with a big pop of sass! This necklace is a silver with Clear Swarovski Crystals - necklace is approximately 18".
Made to mix in perfectly with the rest of our Brilliant Babe Collection.


If your merchant processing account has been terminated, then your information has been added to the MATCH List. MATCH stands for "Member Alert to Control High-Risk" (merchants) and it is a service run by MasterCard International and subscribed to by Visa, Discover and American Express. The listing will include the business name as well as the name and identification of the business principals.
Limited options for credit card processing.
Merchant account application & approval times can take longer and the due diligence process is likely to be more strenuous.
Expect that your merchant rates and fees will be higher, perhaps significantly higher.
Requirement to maintain with the merchant processor a rolling merchant reserve of up to 5% – 10% of your monthly sales.


How to Recover MDF Database?
"Could not open new database 'TEST'. Create Database is aborted.
Device activation error. The physical file name 'e:\mssql\data\MICRO Metadata_Data.MDF' maybe incorrect."
Solution of SQL Server Errors - There can be many reasons that generate the SQL Server error but you need to aware the fact that this is not in your hand that when it creates problem. It can be close down your SQL Server at any time so be prepared for this kind of situation and get some external implement that immediately take action on your problem and sort out without consuming your precious time.
To recover MDF database, get efficient SQL Recovery tool. This is the instantaneously solution for SQL server problem that provides 100% recovery results against all issues of SQL server. It has superior qualities to resolve SQL Server error and restore SQL Server database. Get SQL database recovery tool and gain all the benefits of this tool at affordable prices.


Decorate your home or office interior with a pre-lit Pine Triple Ball Topiary Tree for Christmas. Topiary Trees are a perfect way to accent your Christmas decorations. We carry multiple sizes and styles of Christmas topiaries.


Brilliant, price is right, Delivery was super fast, cartridges work like a dream. I will be coming back for more of these when they run out !
First time I've used non brand name ink cartridges. They work fine so far and so much cheaper than the brand name HP cartridges. So far very impressed, especially at this price.


DO YOU NEED TO BE FIT TO START CROSSFIT?
Can anybody do CrossFit? Do you need to be fit to start?
In short- YES and NO, respectively.
It's easy for me to say. I've trained hundreds- if not thousands- of people at this point over the course of 7 years. From super fit, to seriously deconditioned- and everything in between. I've seen it time and again, people starting at the depths of their fitness low and within a months are fitter than they have been in 20 years.
These are common concerns we hear in the initial onboarding stages, or feedback we get when our members that are trying to bring in friends or family. They're scared. You may be scared. Scared of a new environment, scared that you won't fit in, scared you'll be "the big guy" or "the big girl", or just general anxiety about taking on any new endeavour.
The idea of getting fit to start a fitness program is like trying to learn everything before going to school. The act of actually attending and putting in the work is what gets you there, and we're certain we can help you progress more effectively, faster, and safer through expert coaching.
Lately we have been asking our members questions about their progress. Rachael was the perfect person to ask about this. She's been with us for a few months now, but prior had never worked out besides going for the odd jog.


Fellowship: Share meal & talk. Icebreaker questions.
Jesus was unlawfully trialed and found guilty though he committed no sins.
He was mocked and beaten.
Now, in this passage, his is crucified and dies.
What does this passage reveal about God - what stands out to you?
The Father skillfully made a plan and was so committed to it, he ensured it was captured by prophets beforehand. He is the mastermind.
In the midst of lifting/carrying the enormous weight of our sins, the Son still went out of his way to take care of another person (his mother).
The Holy Spirit ensured essential details were recorded regarding Jesus' death so we would know it really did happen.
How does this event affect us today? How should we live?
Read Isaiah 53:4-6, 10-12 for more perspective.
We are part of this story/plan just like those before us and those to come after us. Our sins contributed to the weight he bore.
We must believe and not just 'donate' our sins. Believe, and receive forgiveness.
We should live a life of thankfulness - humbleness.
Praise, Confess, Pray for one another, and make commitments to God in prayer.


Our unique post frame techniques allow us to provide clear spans. This gives our customers a huge array of options when constructing Horse Barns and Riding Arenas for their horses. MQS has years of experience providing a safe, comfortable environment for both the rider and horse. Various designs and styles are available to accommodate any specialized needs. Check our our options for Horse Barns and Riding Arenas below.
Requesting a quote is fast and easy at MQS. You can fill out our online form with as much information as you can provide or give us a call at 1-855-MQS-3334.


text:
exports.staticFile = function(filePath) {
  if (filePath.indexOf('http') === 0 || filePath.indexOf('//') === 0) {
    return filePath;
  }
  return this.app.config.site_static_host + filePath;
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Artist and designer Jake Berman of Fifty Three Studio has created a really clever series of prints that diagram the plots of popular films, television shows and theater productions in the distinct minimalist style of the classic New York City subway map.
I'm Jake, and I do map design as my hobby. I've always had been a huge map nerd.. I'm always open to commissions, too, for other graphic design work, because I love a good challenge.
Among the plots diagrammed are Star Wars, Firefly, Serenity and Lord of the Rings. The prints are available for purchase through Fifty Three Studio and Berman's Etsy Store.


HG RX-78-2 Ver.G30th Premium Gold Ver.
Yes, they make solid gold Gunpla, but this one is the slightly-more affordable gold-plated plastic version. This rare kit was made to celebrate Gundam's 30th anniversary, and there aren't many of them left.
Yes, this is a 1/144 High Grade, it's just modeled after a much, much larger suit! Possibly the largest High Grade in the universe, this Neo Zeong could be a definite conversation piece—if you have a place to keep it.
Talk about fancy—this green and gold pen is worthy of the elite Zabi family. Pretend you're Gihren penning his evil plans with blue-black ink, or just admire it as a work of art.
On that same note, check out the most affordable (but no less fancy-pants) item on our luxury list—the Zabi planner. We're guessing you don't need a 2016 planner so the practical use here is low, but it might be worth it to thumb through pages and pages of "top secret" Zeon intelligence.
Here's an eye-catching special edition version of Unicorn Gundam. Made entirely out of clear plastic, this 1/100 Master Grade is a unique beauty and an incredible challenge all in one.


Apply Online. It's Easy. Click here to Apply Now.
Otherwise, you will need to complete this application form.
For a 'paperless' option, consider the Meal and Entertainment card.
You can change your personal details online now.
To send Advantage proof of your expenses, you can scan and email to info@salary.com.au. Include your name, employer and Package Number.
If your employer provides you a 'company car' for private use, you can update Advantage with your car details.
If you no longer have a company car, please contact us.


This MAGNIFICENT 3 Bedroom 3 Bath Townhome, with cutting edge style and contemporary lines is less than 1.5 Miles to the Pacific Ocean! This spacious home has a Large Living room area with cozy fireplace dressed in sleek stacked-stone and freshly stained mantel. Sunshine pours into the unit through numerous double pane windows and a sliding glass door that leads to your own private outdoor patio which wraps around half the property. Warmth with an ultra modern flair is seen throughout every room from the ceiling fans in every room, to the stairway banister and bathroom hardware and accessories. Every surface has been fashionably updated and is BRAND NEW! The state of the art kitchen opens to a separate family room with south facing windows providing more sunlight! A roomy detached garage and an assigned parking spot are included. Available for Move In today. Sorry, no pets.
You are viewing the for at 1703 California Street 1 with the MLS® OC19068195 on Previewochomes.com. This at 1703 California Street 1, CA . 92648 is located in the Other (OTHR) subdivision and is currently for featuring 1400 sq.ft. of living space, a 10890 sq.ft. lot and listed for sale at $3,395. This for at 1703 California Street 1 with the MLS® # OC19068195 has been listed since 2019-03-27.
Based on information from California Regional Multiple Listing Service, Inc. as of April 22nd, 2019 at 9:12pm PDT. This information is for your personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties you may be interested in purchasing. Display of MLS data is usually deemed reliable but is NOT guaranteed accurate by the MLS. Buyers are responsible for verifying the accuracy of all information and should investigate the data themselves or retain appropriate professionals. Information from sources other than the Listing Agent may have been included in the MLS data. Unless otherwise specified in writing, Broker/Agent has not and will not verify any information obtained from other sources. The Broker/Agent providing the information contained herein may or may not have been the Listing and/or Selling Agent.
Property Listed By: Jacob Canter(01955275) of Sail Properties, Inc.


Figure 1:Oxidation of the heme precursor uroporphyrinogen III to uroporphyrin III due to inhibition of UROD. UROD: uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. (Modified from Smith and Elder (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 23 (4), 712-723.
Uroporphyrinogen III is the first cyclic metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of heme. Under normal conditions, it is converted into coproporphyrinogen III by the enzyme uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD), and subsequently processed to heme following three further steps. In the event that UROD activity is reduced (due to genetic disorders or chemical inhibition) uroporphyrinogen III, and other porphyrinogen substrates of UROD, are oxidized to highly stable porphyrins, which accumulation and lead to a heme disorder known as porphyria (Figure 1).
Porphyrins fluoresce red when exposed to UV light; therefore, uroporphyrinogen oxidation (UROX) can be directly measured as uropororphyrin fluorescence in a spectrophotofluorimeter. UROX has been measured spectrofluorimetrically in avian and mammalian species.
UROX has been measured in chicken, mouse, rat and human microsomes.
Sinclair, P. R., Gorman, N., Tsyrlov, I. B., Fuhr, U., Walton, H. S., Sinclair, A.F. (1988). Uroporphyrinogen Oxidation Catalyzed By Human Cytochromes P450. Drug Metab. Dispos. 26(10), 1019-1025.


text:
Man shot by Salinas police at Safeway pleads guilty to brandishing, theft charges
Guadalupe Aguirre Espinoza, 38, had allegedly been brandishing an Airsoft gun at about 10:30 p.m. Feb. 1 at the Safeway on Constitution Boulevard.
Man shot by Salinas police at Safeway pleads guilty to brandishing, theft charges Guadalupe Aguirre Espinoza, 38, had allegedly been brandishing an Airsoft gun at about 10:30 p.m. Feb. 1 at the Safeway on Constitution Boulevard. Check out this story on thecalifornian.com: https://www.thecalifornian.com/story/news/2019/02/14/man-shot-salinas-police-pleads-guilty-brandishing-theft-charges/2872974002/
Joe Szydlowski, Salinas Californian Published 12:23 p.m. PT Feb. 14, 2019 | Updated 1:30 p.m. PT Feb. 15, 2019
The full video provided by the Monterey County District Attorney's office of the officer-involved shooting at Safeway on Feb. 1. Ayrton Ostly, The Californian
A man who was shot by Salinas police at the Safeway on Constitution Boulevard has pleaded guilty to brandishing a replica gun and theft charges, prosecutors say.
Guadalupe Aguirre Espinoza, 38, brandished a CO2 Airsoft BB-gun at about 10:30 p.m. Feb. 1 at the grocery, 1516 Constitution Blvd., according to the Monterey County District Attorney's Office.
Police were called out and found him at the edge of the parking lot. After an 11-minute standoff, Espinoza drew the replica firearm and officers opened fire, hitting Espinoza twice, prosecutors said.
More: SALINAS POLICE SHOOTING: Body cam footage, names of officers, further details released
More: Man shot by Salinas police pleads not guilty to brandishing replica gun
He survived and was arraigned on two counts of brandishing a replica gun, two counts of shoplifting and a drug possession charge Feb. 7. He pleaded not guilty.
Guadalupe Agirre Espinoza, 38, sits in a wheelchair at his arraignment Thursday on allegations he brandished a gun at a grocer last week. Salinas police opened fire on him after he allegedly reached for a weapon, later determined to be a replica firearm. (Photo: Joe Szydlowski)
But on Wednesday, Espinoza took a plea deal in which he pleaded guilty to the brandishing and theft counts.
In exchange, the drug possession charge was dropped, and he received a sentence of 120 days in the county jail and three years informal probation, said Douglas Matheson, assistant district attorney for the Monterey County DA's Office.
Also, he must avoid alcohol and drugs as well as the Safeway store during his probation. In addition, his plea to brandishing automatically means he cannot possess any firearms for 10 years, Matheson said.
This map provides location details from the Feb. 1, 2019 officer-involved shooting at the Safeway on Constitution Boulevard. (Photo: Provided/Monterey County District Attorney's Office)
Shortly before police were called out at 10:28 p.m., a store manager caught Espinoza walking out the front door with a shopping cart full of liquor, Matheson said. He said he didn't know the specific types of booze Espinoza tried to swipe.
But employees had their eyes on Espinoza because he'd stolen a large red and yellow bag of potato chips earlier in the day, Matheson said.
After restocking the liquor, the manager confronted Espinoza outside the grocery and asks him to leave, Matheson said.
"He says to the manager, 'Good job,' as if he's giving the manager accolades," Matheson said. "He was somewhat incoherent in the (manager's) description."
This is the replica firearm that was seized as evidence after an officer-involved shooting at a Safeway on Constitution Boulevard on Feb. 1. (Photo: Provided/Monterey County District Attorney's Office)
Then, while outside, Espinoza also pointed the replica gun at a customer, who then went inside and told the manager.
Salinas police were then called out and found Espinoza in an area on the edge of the parking lot, prosecutors have said.
A standoff lasted about 11 minutes as officers ordered Espinoza to lie down on the ground in both English and Spanish, though he didn't comply.
Guadalupe Aguirre Espinoza (Photo: PROVIDED/MCSO)
Instead, Espinoza responded with questions and unintelligible speech, according to a transcript of an officer's body camera footage provided by the DA, which released the footage and the involved officers' names a week ago.
Officer Evan Adams, who has five years of law enforcement experience. He fired seven rounds from his Glock 45.
Officer Eduardo Bejarano, who has 18 months of law enforcement experience. He had a 9mm weapon and fired one round.
Officer Francisco DeLeon, who has more than three years of law enforcement experience. He fired eight rounds from his 9mm gun.
Officer Chayene Garcia, who has nine years of law enforcement experience and fired 11 rounds from a 9mm gun.
Officer Mario Reyes, who has 12 years of law enforcement experience, had an AR-15 rifle that misfired when he tried to shoot a bullet.
Officer Cameron Mitchell, who has four years of law enforcement experience. Mitchell had a 40mm rubber-bullet launcher and fired four non-lethal rounds.
Sgt. Jeffrey Ramsden, who has 17 years of law enforcement experience. He had a Glock 45 and fired five rounds.
After Espinoza drew the replica firearm, officers opened fire, prosecutors have said. Combined, they fired 32 bullets at Espinoza, hitting him in the thigh and buttocks, prosecutors have said. He also had bruises to his waist and groin area, possibly from the rubber bullets.
Monterey County District Attorney Jeannine Pacioni goes over the investigative process for officer-involved shootings. Joe Szydlowski, The Californian
He was treated at an unnamed hospital and then taken to the Monterey County Jail, prosecutors have said. Tests also showed Espinoza had a blood-alcohol level of .14, nearly twice the legal limit, they said.
Six of the officers had body cameras, but one wasn't activated, prosecutors have said. Ramsden did not have a body camera, they have said.
Salinas police investigated their officer-involved shootings until June 2016, when the DA took over to increase transparency and public trust as recommended by a Department of Justice report on officer-involved shootings in Salinas.
The DA's office has said no more information will be released on the shooting until the investigation is concluded.
CLARIFICATION: This story has been updated with additional information that better describes Guadalupe Aguirre Espinoza's behavior immediately before the officer-involved shooting.
Joe Szydlowski is a multimedia journalist for the Salinas Californian who covers local government, crime and cannabis. Follow him on Twitter at twitter.com/JoeSzyd_Salinas. He can be reached at 235-2360.
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How to attract and retain the important, but elusive, data scientist
OkCupid's User Experiment: A Call-to-Arms for Data Transparency?
Eileen McNulty · July 30, 2014
Eileen McNulty 2014-07-30
Back in June, it seemed like the whole of the internet had taken to their keyboards to write furious responses to the Facebook mood manipulation story. The reaction to the study was so profound, that Senator Mark Warner asked the FTC to intervene and investigate. Now, only a few weeks later, the furore has all but vanished. People have continued to use the social media website in their billions, all but forgetting they were once distressed by how little they know what goes on behind the scenes.
But compared to OkCupid's recent announcement, Facebook's study looks like child's play. Facebook tweaked their algorithm to alter people's news feeds and moods. OkCupid scrapped their algorithm and decided to tell incompatible people they were perfect matches, just to see what would happen. Their justification? According to Christian Rudder, author of the blog post "If you use the Internet, you're the subject of hundreds of experiments at any given time, on every site. That's how websites work."
OkCupid's Experiment: The Findings
On a recent blog post, OkCupid outlined three experiments it had performed on its users. The first two seem harmless enough. The first revolves around "Love is Blind Day", a day where OkCupid removed all of the profile pictures from its website to celebrate the release of their short-lived blind dating app. The results were heartening. During the image blackout:
However, once the images reactivated, the 2,200 "blind" conversations ground to a halt- "It was like we'd turned on the bright lights at the bar at midnight", Rudder states. They also found a similar correlation between offline reaction to blind dates and online reaction to profiles with images- going in blind led to much higher levels of satisfaction with the match. Rudder concludes "people are exactly as shallow as their technology allows them to be."
The second experiment focused on rating the "looks" and "personality", a service OkCupid openly used to offer on the site. They found a strong correlation to being found good looking, and being deemed to have a good personality. The young woman below was found to have a 99th percentile personality, despite having no text or personal information on her OkCupid page. The mind boggles as to why that might be.
They ultimately conclude having text on your OkCupid page has scarcely any affect on how you're rated. Lesson? The good people of OkCupid are shallow, shallow creatures.
So far so good, but then we reach experiment number three. Whereas the previous two experiments focused around gathering data on the ways in which people organically interact with the day-to-day basis, experiment three actively meddled with the basic format of the website, to set up people who would be, according to OkCupid's algorithm, utterly disastrous together.
The experiment came about because the OkCupid team idly wondered if their algorithm only worked because "people just like each other because they think they're supposed to? Like how Jay-Z still sells albums?" They then decided to tamper with people's compatibility scores, telling people who were terrible for each other (30% matches) that they might be soulmates (90% matches). The results show that, being told you're a good match and actually being a good match is the optimal scenario:
But what about those 17% of users who were terrible matches, told they were great matches, and struck up conversations? At best, OkCupid wasted their time. At worst, OkCupid formed relationships which they knew were fundamentally flawed. Obviously, the OkCupid algorithm isn't the be-all-and-end-all when it comes to compatibility, but OkCupid users trust that the service is suggesting people they might actually have a connection with.
User Experimentation: Where Do You Draw the Line?
The internet was up in arms about Facebook's mood manipulation study. Yet, that study affected people's moods briefly during a singular internet experience. As Rudder himself notes, "On OkCupid, when we make a change, even a mundane one, that changes who people talk to, who they flirt with, who they go on dates with, and I'm sure in some cases who they get married to." There might be couples out there now whose love life and emotions have been heavily impacted by a study, just to see what would happen when you set up incompatible people. On an individual level, the ramifications are huge.
There is also the question of exactly why OkCupid decided to run these experiments. The blog vindicates their actions:
I'm the first to admit it: we might be popular, we might create a lot of great relationships, we might blah blah blah. But OkCupid doesn't really know what it's doing. Neither does any other website. It's not like people have been building these things for very long, or you can go look up a blueprint or something. Most ideas are bad. Even good ideas could be better. Experiments are how you sort all this out.
A data-driven approach, fuelled by experimentation and analysing the results, is indeed a valid one. But there's a profound difference between A/B testing to see which shade of blue makes people click on links, and using your power in deciding who connects with whom to purposefully set up incompatible people.
The question still remains: what exactly did OkCupid gain from this experiment? They claim it offers validation that their algorithm works- but there are much more nuanced ways of fine-tuning an algorithm than scrapping it altogether and seeing what happens when you forge fundamentally incompatible partnerships.
Christian Rudder also includes a plug for his new book at the end of the blog post. Given the amount of media attention this story is garnering, publicity is not a motivation which can be discredited. One thing they haven't lost so far is users- according to the comments section, OkCupid deliberately pulled forward the renewal date for premium "A-list" subscriptions, so customers paid up before the blog post was released.
Moving Forward: Data Transparency
Ultimately, greater data transparency is a good thing. Although many- if not most- people have taken issue with the experiments conducted by Facebook and OkCupid, at least we now know they're going on. Opacity in how our data is being used and how user experience is being knowingly manipulated has become endemic. And just because "everybody is doing it" (to paraphrase OkCupid's defence), it doesn't mean that data transparency will always be an unachievable goal.
What these companies are doing is perfectly legal: data transparency is not currently a requirement by law. No legal precedent has been set largely because we've never encountered a time in human history before who so much personal data has been made available to companies. We find ourselves in a new era of the information economy, with no checks and balances in place to ensure our personal data isn't being misused.
Reactionary stunts such as Senator Mark Warner asking the FTC to investigate Facebook might not get us very far. But greater awareness in public consciousness about the ways our information is being collected, stored and distributed is the first step to implementing incremental (if not national change). Both the White House and the FTC released papers earlier this year calling for greater data transparency- so far, no change. But the city of San Francisco, the birthplace of the big data revolution, is planning to implement a "process for accessing your individual data" within the next few years. The more awareness is raised, the more likely we are to see initiatives like this take root.
Ultimately, OkCupid's actions have made alot of people very uncomfortable. But at least we now have greater knowledge on how our data is being used and manipulated, and more of an impetus to stop it happening again in the future.
(Image credit: OkCupid blog)
Eileen McNulty-Holmes – Editor
Eileen has five years' experience in journalism and editing for a range of online publications. She has a degree in English Literature from the University of Exeter, and is particularly interested in big data's application in humanities. She is a native of Shropshire, United Kingdom.
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Eileen McNulty-Holmes is the Head of Content for Data Natives, Europe's largest data science conference. For the past ten years, they have written, edited and strategised for companies and publications spanning tech, arts and culture. With a core focus in journalism and content, Eileen has also spoken at conferences, organised literary and art events, mentored others in journalism, and had their fiction and essays published in a range of publications. They are passionate about amplifying marginalised voices in their field (particularly those from the LGBTQ community), AI, and dressing like it's still the '80s
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Budapest staged its first GP in 1936, on a circuit laid out in a park near the center of the city. Nuvolari took the win that day in his Alfa in front of a huge crowd. The track was revised in the 1960's and hosted two European Touring Car races, but F1 would not visit Budapest again until Bernie Ecclestone began investigating Eastern European sites in the early 1980's.
Following a Hungarian government study, the decision was taken to build a new track in Three Springs Valley, some ten miles outside Budapest. The track took just seven months to complete and the first F1 GP took place in 1986, a race won by Piquet for Williams, in front of a huge crowd of nearly 200,000 people. Despite its ideal setting and good spectator facilities, the track has been widely criticised for the lack of overtaking opportunities, on what has proved to be a tight and somewhat processional circuit. This fact was illustrated by the 1990 race, which saw Thierry Boutsen hold off a queue of cars to take the win in front of Senna.
Uih.. kapan Indonesia py sirkuit lagi ya??
banyak tabrakan di sirkuit ini..
Kapan ya di kita ada balapan seperti di gp hungaria ?


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The Top 10 Greatest Film Scores Of The Modern Age
In the hundred or so years since film was invented and turned into a multi-billion dollar industry, plenty of ink has been spilled over lists and articles about just who has been the best – the best director, the best actor, the best musician – like humanity can't get enough out of figuring out the most superior of our own self-importance. The Hollywood awards season seems to last the entire year, with a multitude of industry-based awards shows dominating the blogosphere and newsprint each and every month, culminating in the very pinnacle of cinematic artistic achievement, The Academy Awards. Each year, golden gongs are handed out to those folks judged by others folks to be the best in their category at what they've done that year. Whether those awards are warranted or not isn't the point of this article; here, we're going to spotlight the very best of the best – the best Actors and Actresses, the best Directors, the best Films, even the best cinematic advances of the Modern Age. What do I mean by Modern Age, you ask. Simple. Hollywood's boom times of the 30's and 40's, at least prior to the War, are known today as the Golden Age, and the three decades after that could be termed the Bronze Age – with a shift into color film, multi-channel stereo and the re-invention of the Hollywood "blockbuster" away from biblical epics and sweeping melodramatic romance. The 80's, however, when you look at films produced at that time in a reflective mood, represents a shift both artistically and stylistically in the medium of film to such a degree that I think a new "age" of Hollywood could be coined: the Modern Age. An epoch of cinema between 1980 and 2010, 30 years of both massive successes, and epic fails. The Greatest of the Modern Age series attempts to distill the best of the Modern Age into a series of opinion-based lists, and we hope you enjoy (if not disagree with) our work.
Someone once said that "music is what feelings sound like". That is certainly true of film music, where artists put music the imagery in such a way that's designed to evoke feelings from the audience. Feelings of happiness, sadness, humor or fear – film music is designed to put the audience in the emotional place the director desires, and when it works well, you should barely notice it. This list of the ten best scores of the last 30 years encompasses all genres and styles, and while we agree it'll probably be a little controversial, there's no denying the impact the following scores have had on cinema through the years.
One of the biggest films of all time must surely have one of the all time great scores, right? James Horner, who had last worked with James Cameron on Aliens, went along for the tragic tale of the greatest maritime disaster outside of Greek waters. While it's a tad unfortunate that Cameron decided to use one of the world most horrendous pop songs over the closing credits, the bulk of the film is enhanced magnificently by Horner's evocative, soaring accompaniment to one of the 90's biggest films. The wonderful moment when the Titanic leaves port, making waves for America, the dolphins bow-riding as the music swells with majesty; the clash-bang of the Titanic tearing itself apart, the soulful rendition of Hymn To The Sea – Horner's Titanic score is… and I can't believe I'm gonna say something so cliched right off the bat…. a titanic achievement.
If there's been a franchise to define the last decade, it's been the Harry Potter series. Spawned from JK Rowlings books, the film franchise has become one of the highest grossing in history, a phenomenon all on its own. Helping the series be so successful has been the casting, the increasingly darker direction the films took under their various directors, and the elemental themes devised by orchestral wunderkind John Williams. Williams' Hedwig theme, which has become the musical motif of the entire franchise, as well as the thematic material on which the series developed – the arrival at Hogwarts, the Quidditch match, for example – became musical refrains hummed by teen readers around the world.
Clint Mansell's hypnotic score in Requiem For A Dream remains an enduring iconic moment for the 2000's. His main theme, titled Lux Aeterna, became the go-to sound for many a preview trailer (most notably for the 2002 release of The Two Towers) and remains a dazzling piece of pop-art sound. While the film it appeared in was itself a cataclysm of ferocious imagery, the soundtrack spoke of the dark nightmare the characters were living, the pounding syncopation and desperate string themes enhancing the fractured emotions of those suffering through their drug affected haze. While Pi might have set Mansell on his way, Requiem took him to the top.
Hans Zimmer revolutionized film scores forever when he mainlined Aussie Lisa Gerrards wah-wah vocals for his score on Ridley Scott's epic, Gladiator. While the sound has been imitated to the point of insanity since, there's no denying the shift in musical potential that occurred the first time you heard Zimmers sweeping, synth-and-orchestra arrangements: the traditional action score for the battles in the various coliseums, the echoes of the deceased pervading the emotional beats of the dramatic moments, and the soaring vocals of Gerrard in the "sweeping" vistas of ancient Rome – there's no denying the Gladiator themes shook the traditional sword-and-sandal scores and took them in a new direction.
Instantly recognizable, the Raiders score is one of John William's most iconic, if not among his very best. While the theme to Jaws might have more chilling evocations, and the Superman Theme might get the blood pumping, the Raiders Theme is one hell of a toe-tapping good time. It's pulp cinema at its finest, and for the very reason that it's an Indiana Jones film, comes in at number 6. Anybody not smiling after listening to this has no soul.
James Horner produced this score in about a tenth the time he actually needed to do it: and the result of his high-pressure effort is indeed one of Hollywood's most iconic, memorable scores. The eerie alien landscape and the plinky-plinky violin motif sent shivers up audiences collective spines (and still do), while arguably one of the greatest trailer-worthy cues ever written accompanies both Ripley's escape from LV426 and the final battle with the Alien Queen. While scores for sci-fi films don't often reap rewards, or even get much of a look-in come awards season, Horner's first Oscar nomination came with his efforts on this film.
An amazing film, and amazing score from John Williams. Spielberg's most personal film gave Williams the impetus to create a moving, evocative score; it's music that defines an era by association, I believe, in that whenever I see old footage from the time, quite often it's with the Schindler's score in my mind's eye. From the aching tones of that violin solo performed by Itzhak Perlman, to the incredibly sad orchestral score accompanying some of the inhumanity Spielberg shows us on-screen, Williams magnificent score is both apropos respectful to the narrative, and captures the heartbreaking rending of innocence from the world.
I can hear you groaning already. Cutthroat Island may be a decidedly unpopular film, at least among the many cinephiles across the Blogosphere, but it's hard to argue against the merits of John Denbey's rousing, pitch-perfect score. The thunderous opening credits, with the soaring brass and percussion, or the exciting carriage escape from Port Royal where the blasting string and brass sections scamper through the soundfield like a dervish, or even the main theme for main character Morgan, Debney managed to capture the spirit of high-seas piracy with every note of his epic masterpiece. No matter your thoughts on the film itself, one cannot help but be swept along by the music.
Alan Silvestri's iconic, immediately recognizable score for Robert Zemeckis' sci-fi trilogy remains perhaps his most popular. Those opening 13 notes, signifying the onset of Marty, Doc and the DeLorean kicking off another high energy adventure though time, are as iconic as the films themselves: if there's a score that defines at least the 80's, then the BTTF themes are it.
One of the great trilogies of the Modern Age, Peter Jackson's film series, based on the books by JRR Tolkien, would have been nothing if not for the haunting, magnificent score by Howard Shore. The thematic material is gorgeous, melodic and thrilling, as sweeping as the films themselves, and it's a testament to Shore's ability that he's been recalled to work his magic on the soon-to-be-released film versions of The Hobbit.
Disagree with what we think? Let us know in the comments section below!!
In Greatest Of The Modern Age, Top 10 List
Impsndcnma	June 7, 2012
Out of this list I agree with numbers 1,5,7,8. I'm not saying the others are not iconic, it's just that those meant the most to me. I can't imagine a list like this without Star Wars either.
fernby	June 8, 2012
@Impsndcnma The only reason I didn't include Star Wars is because Williams' themes were written prior to our time period – which begins here in 1980. Otherwise, I'd have included SW too! Thanks for stopping by, my friend!
FrontRoomCinema	June 8, 2012
Great list! For me the lack of DRIVE is shame…. But I am a little in love with that film and the way it seamlessly intertwines with the 80s electro pop music. But what do I know?
@FrontRoomCinema You'll really like our list on the Greatest Film Soundtracks of the Modern Age then Scott, which lists films where the major musical feature is songs, instead of orchestral scores….. That's coming up later in the year, though. Patience my friend!
PS: I love Drive too, and it might just feature in said upcoming list…. 😉
C_Packer	June 9, 2012
Phew, I got worried for a minute there. I was scrolling down and down and there was still no LOTR! 😛
I think you've got the list pretty spot on, bearing in mind that it is only for films 1980-2010.
fernby	June 10, 2012
@C_Packer Thanks Claire!! Good to have you along for the ride! Yeah, it was pretty much a given that LOTR was gonna top this list, because the score has become perhaps the most influential of the last decade or so…. at least.
TerribleClaw	June 18, 2012
Love this list! But I have an argument for the Star Wars prequels; Duel of Fates. Still so happy to see Raiders, LOTR, Gladiator and even Titanic.
@TerribleClaw Thanks, Terribleclaw. You're right, a case could be made for Duel Of The Fates, but then, that's only one piece of music within the larger context of Star Wars and I felt there were other films that stood taller as more overall accomplished works. Of course, it's one man's opinion, but I do agree Duel Of The Fates is about the only good thing to come out of those horrible prequels.
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Religious issues & debates
French Muslims
New Voices in Contemporary France
by Sharif Gemie (Author)
"French Muslims" provides a critical perspective on Muslim politics and experiences in contemporary France, the European country with the largest Muslim population. Drawing from the work of four Muslim thinkers and activists - Chahdortt Djavann, Fadela
Gender studies: women
Women's Writing and Muslim Societies
"French Muslims" provides a critical perspective on Muslim politics and experiences in contemporary France, the European country with the largest Muslim population. Drawing from the work of four Muslim thinkers and activists - Chahdortt Djavann, Fadela Amara, Tariq Ramadan, and Houria Bouteldja - this volume examines issues such as the veil, integration, the role of the school, the traditions of the French republic, and the legacy of the French empire. In addition, Gemie analyzes the most important organizations and structures representing French Muslim opinion today, including the French Council of the Muslim Faith and the Union of Islamic Organizations of France.


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