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Moving to the Dordogne/Limousin 7
started by: Silver-lining · last update: 1522002321 · posted: 1521302959
Ever since I was a child Ihave always liked France and things French, I have always felt comfortable andhappy in France, so how I ended up living for decades in Germany is a mystery.Now that my son is grown up and northern German winters have taken their toll,I am ready and eager to move to theDordogne/Limousin something I have wanted todo for a long time. I am Self-employed by the way.I have done a lot of researchon line, but find that the experiences of expats in France are ofteninvaluable. I do have many questions that I would like to ask, but I will limitthem to a couple for the time being at least.I am the kind of person who doesnot like living somewhere if I cannot speak the language, so learning French isimperative for me. My French is not good at the moment, I try to learn Frenchat home, but end up forgetting most of it, as there is no one to practice withhere. I will be doing a 2-week intensive course this year, but this will onlyget me to a basic level. The only way to really improve my French though, is tomove to France. So my first questions are:How was your French when you firstmoved to France? How were you able to cope with things like visits to the localauthorities (to do all the paper work) and coordinating things like telephone,electric, TV and tax returns? Are there English speaking people in theDordogne/Limousin who can provide these services whilst I improve my French?Onefinal thing that interests me is this, home owners in Germany are subjected tomany petty rules, but by far the worst is that house owners have to pay acertain percentage of any work done to the road they live on. So if you live ona small residential road, the residents of the stretch being worked on will paybetween them (depending on size of their land), as far as I remember, about 60%of the total cost. In some cases people (often pensioners) have had bills of upto €20,000, many of these people have had to sell up. Is there any similarsetup in France? Thanks forthe help.
Help (possibly) required ! 12
started by: Angela45 · last update: 1477044401 · posted: 1475609707
Good eveningMy family and I are relocating to France (Lauzun) on 11th October. We are very excited about our new life in France, however........ We have rented a property in Lauzun and received a call a few days back from a lovely family we met up with in May to say that they have had bad reports from 2 separate families regarding the property. Flea infestations, leaking roofs, unsafe play equipment for the children..YIKES! I have spoken to the owner of the property regarding our concern and he has stated that, should we arrive and not be satisfied, he will refund our monies (3 months paid in advance) as long as we let him know within the first couple of days... This is obvously a huge concern to us, we now feel under pressure to vacate pretty damn quick should we feel it is not suitable! I was wondering if anyone on the forum might know of a winter let, within close proximity to preferably Lauzun or Eymet, just in cass we need to leave the property in a hurry... I wanted to view the propertypersonally in May whilst we were in France, but the owner said it was not possible as did not wish to disturb the current tenants..... We shall arrive on the 11th October with an open mind, but thought that maybe it might be useful to have a back up plan should we not wish to stay.... Thanks so much in advance for any advice, we have twin boys (age 5 ) and a small, pampered pooch. I really want the move to be a pleasant experience for our children, they are so very excited. Thank you.
Winter Fuel Payment 14
started by: cabaret · last update: 1460026191 · posted: 1454351566
Thought I would mention this matter of help with our fuel [ 200 pounds ]...... It was stopped that quickly this December hardly caught my breath.....For a lot of ex-pats this money is very welcome,low pensions and high taxes,costs etc....The British government ceased to look after their own years ago...So much money is paid to dare I say it,toward the cost of immigrants just flocking into the U.K.... Now I so feel for all the children that are just being used as pawns, their parents who have no regard for their safety,piling into unsafe boats,and when they sink ,the poor children/babies drown... It is a dreadful thing that is constantly occuring,pushing babies in the faces of people.to get sympathy, would we have done that to our children I wonder????? Goverments not knowing what to do to resolve the matter ..... And here I am going on about the speed on which our Winter Fuel Payment abruptly stopped...
Reliable removal firm 5
started by: Lornad · last update: 1457860034 · posted: 1425115675
Can anyone recommend a removal company running from Scotland to France?
Parking at Charles de Gaulle Airport 0
started by: Lufkin · last update: 1451484179 · posted: 1451484179
Very "non-local", but for those who might have need for long term parking at CDG I can highly recommend Econopark. They have taken over the old employee car park at the Citroen plant and offer secure long term parking adjacent to the airport but at a fraction of the price charged for the two long stay car parks on the airport itself. The shuttle bus from the parking location to the terminal is only 10 minutes and both drop off at the terminal and pick-up at the end of the trip were excellent. Great service.
Help with a move to another country 2
started by: fisher-111868 · last update: 1450956892 · posted: 1450634234
I have been a member of AI Dordogne for several years as we have a second house there and have found the help and information supplied invaluable. My daughter and son in law find themselves in the position of possibly moving to Austria with a job relocation. Unfortunately, there doesn't seem to be an AI in Austria although there is in Germany. Perhaps someone might know of a similar site that also gives information that might be of some help to them or even knows of someone that has moved to Austria in recent times. Any help would be greatly appreciated and come on AI, a network in Austria nest perhaps? Many thanks and seasons greetings.
Giving UK ex-pays living overseas the ri... 8
started by: mikeceram · last update: 1448108626 · posted: 1447957436
David Cameron and the Conservative party made a promise in their pre-election manifesto, to change the law which currently excludes ALL UK citizens who have been residing abroad for more than 15 years. They have renaged on this promise. If you are one of the many thousands of these disenfranchised citizens, please help put pressure on the UK government to do the right thing and give us the right to vote in an election that could effect our future more than any other citizen. Please sign my petition "The UK Government: To allow UK citizens resident overseas for more than 15 years the right to vote in EU Referendum" Our goal is to reach 100 signatures and we need more support. You can read more and sign the petition here: https://www.change.org/p/the-uk-government-to-allow-uk-citizens-resident-overseas-for-more-than-15-years-the-right-to-vote-in-eu-referendum?recruiter=229408981&utm_source=share_petition&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=share_email_responsive
Please sign and share the petition. 10
started by: danse2 · last update: 1446456647 · posted: 1446388021
Hi all, I'm part of several Facebook groups trying to help the refugees across Europe. We have been collectively providing aid where we can. We started off in Calais, but now we're now sending aid to all parts of Europe. If you don't believe in this cause, then please just scroll past this post. If you'd like to help you can join our facebook group; https://www.facebook.com/groups/CalaisAndBeyondActionFromFrance/?fref=ts Please take a minute of your time to sign this petition. Our governments are not doing enough to help and it's time they engaged. https://secure.avaaz.org/en/petition/All_the_international_leaders_Stop_the_inhumane_manner_in_which_refugees_have_to_travel/edit Thanks
started by: Bryn Taffis · last update: 1444821705 · posted: 1430392862
I have read in an European newspaper today that it is going to be a for gone conclusion that labour with the Scottish party will form the next government. Anyone have any views on this ? Having lived 35 years in countrys where colition governments are the order of the day will this end in " tears ". John hale
Referendum to remain or leave the Europe... 4
started by: willow16 · last update: 1442316024 · posted: 1441192230
A vote to leave the European Union could mean huge changes ahead for all of us living in France and for those planning to move here. Does anyone have any information on what may happen? I have been here with my family for thirteen years and my children have grown up here. We currently hold UK passports and have only been back to the UK twice since we left in 2002. My husband is considering French nationality, our children do not think of themselves as English or French, rather more as European and I would like to hold on to my British identity as I still feel that is who I am, but I would not like to have to go back to the UK. It has changed so much and I no longer feel that I belong there. What are your thoughts regarding your future in France?
MH 7 Ukraine 1
started by: francophile-881373 · last update: 1431195044 · posted: 1431114126
I would be interested to know if anyone else has reached the same conclusion concerning the MH7 disaster following recent announcements made by the Russian Press(?). It seems the Russians were originally saying that a Ukrainian plane shot down the airliner and provided a photograph. They are now saying, several months later, that the BUK missile which shot down the airliner (it seems they admit it was a BUK) was fired by the Ukrainian Government forces. The Ukrainian Government say it could not have been them because the missile was fired from land controlled at the time by rebel forces. One has to be very careful because clearly the truth is a very rare commodity here but it does seem to point to the possibility that the rebels fired the BUK at the Ukrainian Government jet.... missed.... and hit the airliner. Anyone reached the same or a different conclusion? I have an interest as my nephew recently married a Ukrainian national and although they live in the States she is clearly very worried about her family back home.
started by: mcoendoz · last update: 1427122187 · posted: 1427108178
Hi all, I have booked a far-east holiday and am looking at insurance. I found a site on Anglo Info called 'Expat Travel Insurance' but I can't seem to find any reviews on them. Does anyone have any experience of them at all? Thanks.
Scottish and Welsh nationalists pledge t... 9
started by: bakebeen · last update: 1423764681 · posted: 1423416803
We have hope in staying in the EU, but is it fair?
Feline friend or feline fiend? BBC repor... 4
started by: Bazinga-943204 · last update: 1422019116 · posted: 1407851125
Cats are one of the top threats to US wildlife, killing billions of animals each year, a study suggests. The authors estimate they are responsible for the deaths of between 1.4 and 3.7 billion birds and 6.9-20.7 billion mammals annually. Writing in Nature Communications, the scientists said stray and feral cats were the worst offenders. However, they added that pet cats also played a role and that owners should do more to reduce their impact. The authors concluded that more animals are dying at the claws of cats in the United States than in road accidents, collisions with buildings or poisonings. The domestic cat's killer instinct has been well documented on many islands around the world. Felines accompanying their human companions have gone on to prey on the local wildlife, and they have been blamed for the global extinction of 33 species. But their impact on mainland areas has been harder to chart. To find out more, researchers from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute (SCBI) and the US Fish and Wildlife Service carried out a review of studies that had previously looked at the predatory prowess of cats. "Our study suggests that they are the top threat to US wildlife" Dr Pete Marra SCBI Their analysis revealed that the cat killings were much higher than previous studies had suggested: they found that they had killed more than four times as many birds as has been previously estimated. Birds native to the US, such as the American Robin, were most at risk, and mice, shrews, voles, squirrels and rabbits were the mammals most likely to be killed. Dr Pete Marra from the SCBI said: "Our study suggests that they are the top threat to US wildlife." The team said that "un-owned" cats, which they classified as strays, feral cats and farm cats, were killing about three times as many animals as pet cats. However, they said pet cats were still killing significant numbers of animals, and that their owners should do more to limit the impact. Dr Marra said: "We hope that the large amount of wildlife mortality indicated by our research convinces some cat owners to keep their cats indoors and that it alerts policymakers, wildlife managers and scientists to the large magnitude of wildlife mortality caused by cat predation." A spokeswoman for the animal welfare charity the RSPCA said that a properly fitted collar and bell could reduce a cat's success when hunting by at least a third.
Sterling Shopping 8
started by: henri24 · last update: 1416751358 · posted: 1416671854
I would like to say thankyou for an amazing service, this is the first time I have used this company and I am extremely happy with their service. A big thankyou to all the team. katie
ads deleted, withdrawn etc. 1
started by: augustyna-108378 · last update: 1403457650 · posted: 1403455978
Am I alone in that I simply have no idea how to delete altogether (????) my previous ads offering items now sold or for other reasons no longer having to appear ....... Even going through the steps marking an ad "sold" by clicking on "edit" and then one of the 3 options offered which are: sold, withdrawn or active, need for you to click on "update" - an "update" w h e r e ????????????/??
What do you make of this? 1
started by: What day is it? · last update: 1392484779 · posted: 1391369641
Taken from another forum, a posting (concerning Scottish Independence): "I do not concern myself with things that do not concern me ......... .....I do concern myself with matters that do concern me but I do not have the time or the energy to take on the burdens of the whole world, that is the job of God. Hence my inability to become concerned about many matters,but if others wish to become concerned they are welcome." This person has posted no less than 13 times on the single thread where they made this comment. Whatever our problems on here .......... be thankful we don't get that kind of thing. Is it me, or is it complete tosh?
Fluent in French To be read sitting down 8
started by: Fish24-115149 · last update: 1386798435 · posted: 1386621198
A friend of mine has just passed this over to me!!!! A report on complicated action proposed but to be read between the lines before the Revolution!! Dans le figaro du 12 septembre 2013? http://votreargent.lexpress.fr/impots/impots-s-attaquer-a-la-manne-fiscale-de-la-residence-principale-n-est-plus-un-tabou_336977.html?xtor=EPR-55-%5bMVVA_Patrimoine%5d-20130913--16771017%40261073072-20130913102438? le Figaro du 12 septembre 2013 ?http://www.lefigaro.fr/immobilier/2013/09/12/05002-20130912ARTFIG00542-les-proprietaires-occupants-pourraient-payer-une-taxe.php Don't panic, Mr. Mannering!
Visas for Turkey 5
started by: CATSANDUS · last update: 1383993849 · posted: 1383942376
Anyone know the procedure for Brits living in France but wishing to travel in Turkey where one needs a visa ? Does one apply to the Turkish Embassy ...?
UK SS - Project of interest to migrants ... 0
Came across this by accident but it might be useful to keep an eye on the subject for EEC residents:- https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/migrants-and-overseas-visitors-use-of-the-nhs
Dordogne - Change Location


An outstanding opportunity has arisen for a National Sales Director. Our client is a progressive and profitable business with a broad range of products distributed through a trade network in the specialist feed, fertiliser and transport sectors.
The opportunity for appointment as Director.
A substantial remuneration package with significant potential total earnings is offered. Additionally, for the right person there will be significant opportunities for progression within the company.
Our client has given strict instructions that all enquires must be directed through De Lacy Executive. Direct enquires will not be well received.
Open and manage key accounts.
Appoint, grow and develop merchants and their representatives.
Support merchant coverage by selling direct to large farms and market influencers.
Lead and train the Sales Team, including arranging sales meetings and expanding the team etc.
Providing Technical and product support to others.
Experience of sales directed through distributors.
Have a high level of technical and product knowledge particularly of the animal feed market but ideally also have knowledge of fertiliser.
Ability to manage the sales team but to be the key "hands on" sales resource.
Relevant contacts in the industry would be helpful.
Although this is a National role, the successful candidate will need to be based in the Midlands.
For a confidential discussion and more information please call Grace Nugent on: Office 01885 483440, DDI 01885 485521, Mobile 07436808024 or e-mail your CV and covering letter (preferably in Word please) to gracenugent@delacyexecutive.co.uk Thank you.
Salary: A substantial remuneration package with significant potential total earnings is offered. Additionally, for the right person there will be significant opportunities for progression within the company.


Free music score of Berceuse. By purchasing Berceuse de Jocelyn sheet music from us, you can simply sing along as you play this masterpiece on your piano. Berceuse ( Kehtolaulu) sheet music - Piano sheet music by Armas Jarnefelt: Edition Fazer. The Berceuse, Op. This Berceuse has been recorded by many tenors Plácido Domingo, including Capoul, Richard Crooks, Edmond Clément, Jussi Björling , John McCormack as well as by the cellist Pablo Casals. Berceuse digital sheet music. The piece was first published in 1879 Its first performance took place in 1880 in the Société nationale de musique Paris.
Originally composed in 1879 , it quickly became one of the French composer' s most famous pieces countless arrangements have since been published. Berceuse ( principal) - composer Fauré Gabriel SHEET MUSIC Berceuse pour Giovanna ( principal) - composer Roberto, Giacometti berceuse Machado SHEET MUSIC " Berceuse de Jocelyn" for Harp ( principal) - composer Godard Benjamin SHEET MUSIC Download Benjamin Godard Berceuse ( Jocelyn. 16 is one of berceuse several charming miniatures for violin and piano by Gabriel Fauré. Please check if transposition is possible. Berceuse sheet. The style of the score is ' Classical'. Originally published in the key of D. Gabriel Fauré composed his Berceuse for violin piano in D major Op.
100) free sheet music. The most popular part of the opera is the tender berceuse ( lullaby) for tenor, " Oh! 39; Berceuse ( from the Dolly Suite, Op. Find your perfect arrangement play instantly, access a variety of transpositions so you can print anywhere. The Berceuse we propose today the remaining pieces also appeared in time for the child' s subsequent birthdays , , was composed for Hélène' s first birthday, which is the best- known movement of the suite other family occasions. High quality Digital sheet music for piano, Op. Catalog SKU number of the notation is 11. 16 high quality sheet music available for download.
ne t' éveille pas encore" commonly known berceuse berceuse in English as Angels Guard Thee. Berceuse ( 11 sheet berceuse music) Added by bernard- dewagtere the: 4 comments. Recent First - Most Useful - Most positive - Most critical. Print download in PDF MIDI Berceuse. 16, between the years 18. It is a piano solo work in the style berceuse of a lullaby, formally organized as a series of variations in the key of D flat berceuse major. 57 Frédéric Chopin wrote his Berceuse, Op. Most of the notes are rolled legato, making it a useful training tool for young players as well as.
Composed by Lo Mimieux from the album ' Berceuse' Thank you sheet to the following people for helping fix up errors in the berceuse score: jsgcat6 Fa Bienjo gamecreator I receive many requests and would love to continue uploading transcribed music for you to enjoy. " Sheet music is available for Piano Baritone Saxophone , Alto Saxophone, 9 others with 4 scorings berceuse berceuse 1 notation in 6 genres. It is performed by Gabriel Fauré. Contains printable sheet music plus an interactive, downloadable digital sheet music file. Gabriel Fauré - Berceuse, Op. Berceuse arranged by David Steinquest is an elegant lyrical work for mallet ensemble.
Berceuse sheet. This item includes: PDF ( digital sheet music to download access this item as a Member, MIDI , Mp3 audio files* Once berceuse you buy , print), Videos you' ll be able to download berceuse everything included as a single. Berceuse de Jocelyn sheet music produced by Lyribox is clear precise is transcribed in English by Lyribox. Browse our 10 arrangements of " Berceuse. 56) ' Description This composition for Beginner Piano includes 2 page( s).
Sheet central : Berceuse en Réb majeur ( 3 sheet music). Piano solo [ Sheet music] Chester. 00 EUR - Sold by Note4Piano Pre- shipment lead time: 24 hours - In Stock. 57 sheet music - Piano sheet music by Frederic Chopin: G.
Shop the World' s Largest Sheet Music Selection today at Sheet Music Plus. About ' Berceuse' Artist:  Fauré, Gabriel ( sheet music) Born: 1845, Pamiers, France Died: 1924, Paris, France The Artist: Famous for a handful of popular pieces including the Pavane, Dolly Suite, Requiem, Berceuse for violin. His music is characterized by unusual harmonies and modulations.
Flute Sheet music › Flute and Piano › Gabriel Fauré : Previous sheet music Next sheet music > > Berceuse ( Lullaby) Op. 16 Gabriel Fauré.


Spec sheets are laden with alien terminology like ISO and F numbers, and once you manage to get a grasp of what those mean, you're still confronted with a spectacular variety of options. To help you navigate your way through this quagmire of excess information, we've put together this guide. It'll enlighten you about which specs are important when, and what cameras are suitable for whom. Sound good? Then read on!
As with our smartphone buyer's guide, you should be careful not to treat this as a definitive dictum on what to buy. What we're seeking to do here is help you make an informed decision by separating the meaningful data from the meaningless. This is a guide to discerning the things that will make a recognizable difference in your photographic experience and results. We've selected a few of our favorite cameras in the categories below, but those will change over time, whereas the rest of this advice will (hopefully) remain relevant for a long time to come.
Every camera, from the tiny webcam embedded in your laptop's display to the full-frame pro cameras built by Nikon and Canon, operates along the same set of basic principles. You can discern those from the very name of photography, whose roots are the Greek photos, meaning light, and graph, meaning to draw or record — ergo, a photograph is in its essence a map of light. When you take a picture of your favorite cityscape, you're not actually documenting the streets, or the skyscrapers, or the milling crowds — you're drawing up a recording of the light reflected off them.
The most common technique for achieving this recording is by channelling light through a lens onto a photosensitive material that soaks it up and turns it into an image. That light-absorbing canvas was once film, which has since given way to electronic sensors in modern digital shooters. In either case, initiating the light capture is done by opening a shutter in front of the photosensitive surface. By adjusting how long that shutter stays open (shutter speed), the sensitivity of the digital sensor (ISO), and how much light passes through the lens (aperture), you get the majority of your control over an image.
Light is your ally, darkness your foeSince light is the only information your photograph collects, it should come as no surprise that well-lit scenes typically come out looking sharper and nicer than dark and moody shots illuminated only by a streetlight. The former just gives you more information to work with. When shooting in the dark, the camera must work either harder (with higher ISO that can lead to unsightly graininess) or longer (with a slower shutter speed that can cause motion blur) to properly recreate the image in front of it. That's where the invention of the flash comes in, providing a strobe of white light synchronized with the opening of your shutter, though it comes with tradeoffs of its own. The strength of the flash can oftentimes wash out fine detail in nearby subjects or lead to the infamous red-eye effect. Tripods are also invaluable in counteracting blurring caused by the photographer's hand, but they can do nothing about motion within your composition and are not exactly portable.
There are a number of other considerations to take into account when composing an image — and, consequently, choosing the best camera for the job — which we've detailed below. Once you've wrapped your head around what they will mean for your intended photography adventure, you should have a good idea of the kind of camera that will best suit your needs.
As Bruce Dickinson might say, I've gotta have more light!
For some help calculating the depth of field for your chosen camera, aperture setting, and focusing distance, you can use Simple DoF on iOS or DoF Calculator for Android.
If you're new to digital photography, the three things you should acquaint yourself with first are the ISO, aperture, and shutter speed. The three work in concert, and if you can manipulate and control them all, you'll take fabulous photos without even touching the rest of your camera. Together, they're known as the Exposure Triangle, because they control how much light you're exposing the camera to (aperture), how sensitive the camera is to that light (ISO), and how long your exposure lasts (shutter speed).
Coming from the International Organization for Standardization, ISO (it's not an acronym) describes the light sensitivity of your camera's sensor set against a common standard. It was originally known as "film speed," as it was a static measure of the amount of light a given type of film could absorb, but in modern digital cameras ISO can be adjusted up and down. Higher ISO means a brighter image, which is achieved by digitally amplifying the information collected during exposure. It's an imperfect process that generates errors, which become apparent in your pictures as discoloration and noise — the unattractive speckling effect you usually see in low-light photos.
The quality of your camera's sensor and noise-reduction processing will affect the maximum ISO at which you can produce images that are still worth using. From among the cameras we've tested ourselves, Nikon's impressively large and expensive D3s is far and away the best in that respect. It can shoot at ISO 12,800 the way most cameras perform at ISO 1000, allowing you to keep shooting under significantly lower light.
Measured using the horribly confusing F number scale, the aperture is another of these dead simple settings that tend to upset young children with their obtuse nomenclature. Basically, most lenses have the ability to constrict the light that passes through them using an internal element (called a diaphragm), which can be extended and retracted using controls on the camera. If you want more light in your image, you pull that diaphragm back as far as it would go, or if you need less, you extend it and limit the incoming rays to a narrower, more focused hole. Aperture, therefore, is just a relative measure for the diameter of your lens opening. All you need to know with respect to f-numbers is that lower ones indicate a wider aperture, with f/2.8 and below being the extremes, while higher ones signify more light is being blocked.
Just think of the Aperture Science logoIf light is of paramount importance, you might ask, why would you ever want to constrain its entry into the camera? Well, a side effect of a wide open lens is that it lets in a lot of unfocused light rays. The result is that you get a shallow depth of field, which is to say that anything in front of or behind the area on which you're focusing will appear blurry. That's generally a desirable trait in photography, as it isolates your subject from its surroundings and lets you guide the viewer's eyes, however it can be a problem when you want to have everything in your scene in focus.
As the photo above shows, wide aperture settings tend to constrict the in-focus area to a razor-thin sliver, particularly on nearby subjects. The obvious countermeasure is to tighten up the aperture to f/8 or narrower — that bundles up the incoming light into a more focused beam, which will result in greater depth to your focus area. Do bear in mind that the most extreme depth of field effects are the exclusive preserve of large-sensor cameras; you simply can't achieve the same defocusing effect with smaller sensors, which retain a generous in-focus depth even at f/1.4.
Shutter speed is as key an element to getting good photos as any. It controls how long the camera spends collecting light, as opposed to ISO and aperture, which control how much light is absorbed at once. It's measured in fractions of a second, so a shutter speed of "1/125″ means the shutter is open for one 125th of a second. Higher shutter speeds mean the camera captures a shorter period of time, which is key for getting blur-free action shots, while lower speeds allow you to soak up more light, albeit at the risk of blurry results if your camera and subject aren't still.
Of course, you don't always have to fear motion blur. Strap your camera to a tripod and you can exploit the blur to your advantage — that's how the pros create those pictures of highways decorated by streaks of light or the waterfalls that look like they're composed of cascading wisps of smoke instead of water. Most of the time, you'll want to match your settings to your circumstances, but it's also good fun to sometimes start with a given set of attributes and rearrange your scene to match them.
The trifecta above are the most important controls on your camera, but there are other attributes you need to be mindful of in the pursuit of the best image quality.
Most professional photographers will tell you that the paramount determinant of image quality is the lens. You can tweak your settings as much as you like, but without a truly sharp piece of glass to filter light through, your pictures will never look their best. The distinction between sharpness and softness in imaging is one of detail: sharp photos retains a clear separation between edges and colors right down to the pixel level.
Unfortunately, nobody has yet invented an easy metric for quantifying lens quality, so you won't be able to simply walk into a store and order up the Superlative Edition of your favored lens. Part of the problem is that lens performance varies both with aperture and zoom level. The sharpest lenses at f/4 are typically f/1.8 or f/1.4 lenses that have been pulled back from their highest setting. Similarly, lenses start to exhibit distortion at the extreme wide (16mm and lower) and telephoto (135mm and above) ends of their zoom range, which some cameras are able to automatically correct for with software.
Lenses are like sunscreen: all-importantThere are a couple of easy guiding principles that can steer you in the right direction. Firstly, construction materials matter. Canon's L series of lenses and the higher end of Nikon's Nikkor line are both built out of real glass on the inside and extremely robust materials on the outside. The kit lenses bundled with DSLRs and the non-removable ones on cheaper cameras are made from plastic both on the inside and out, which makes them less reliable in the long term and less awesome when you come to review your results. That's not a universal rule, there are some exceptionally good lenses with plastic optics, but generally, you'll be able to tell a good lens by its considerable weight and durable feel.
The second point to remember is that prime lenses — those without a zoom function, whose focal length is fixed — tend to perform better than zoom lenses, owing to their simpler construction. For the absolute best results, you'll want a camera capable of exchanging lenses, together with wide-aperture lenses at each of the most common focal lengths: e.g. 24mm, 50mm, 80mm, 100mm, and 200mm. That's more than a backpack's worth of gear to heave around with you (and quality glass weighs quite a bit anyway), so do it only if you're unwilling to compromise on sharpness and flexibility.
A common misconception people have is that shutter lag actually has anything to do with the shutter. Oh sure, there's a minuscule delay between the instruction to open and the shutter actually opening, but the lion's share of lag actually comes from the automated focusing and metering systems. Metering is what the camera does to judge how long it needs to expose the image for, while autofocus is a little more self-explanatory. Cameraphone makers have gotten wise to the fact people want to see the picture taken the moment they press the button, so we now have phones like the Amaze 4G that continuously refocus and re-meter the scene so as to be ready at a moment's notice. Nikon has gone one step further with the introduction of Smart Photo Selector in its new 1 Series: it shoots up to 20 photos while you have the shutter button half-pressed and automatically selects the best five after you take your picture.
Neither Nikon nor HTC's solution is ideal. They're trying to dodge the problem of focusing speed, but the only true solution is more focusing points on your camera combined with a faster focusing motor for the lens. The reliability and quickness of autofocus, particularly in low light, is one of the ways in which professional cameras still stand head and shoulders above the rest. Canon's recently announced EOS 1D-X packs in a whopping 61 AF points, with 41 of them being of the more precise cross-type variety. Stick a fast-focusing lens on that camera and you can bid adieu to shutter lag.
If there's one rule to follow in photography, it's that cameras with larger sensors take better photos. That's a generalization, of course, but it's based on a very basic empirical truth: the bigger the photosensitive surface area, the more light is taken in at a time. Practical evidence for this is abundant, from the Nikon 1 series that disappointed everyone with its undersized CX sensor, to the Nokia N8, which remains the smartphone camera champion today thanks to its class-leading 1/1.83-inch sensor.
Full-frame cameras derive their name from the size of their sensors, which match the "full frame" of 35mm film, and are predictably the professionals' favorite choice. With a full-frame camera, a 24mm lens gives you exactly that focal length, whereas with smaller sensors, you're subject to a crop factor that tends to turn everything into a slightly more zoomed-in version of itself (i.e. if the sensor is 1.5 times smaller than full-frame, as with Nikon's popular DX format, you get 1.5 times the focal length; with a 24mm lens, that'd mean an effective focal length of 36mm).
Bigger really is better when it comes to camera sensorsAlas, pricing and sensor sizes scale rather proportionally, so medium format and full-frame cameras are usually outside the reach of most enthusiasts, which is why the most popular digital SLRs today feature the APS-C format. It's a happy compromise.
Strictly speaking, a megapixel is one million pixels, but it's somewhat meaningless to know that your camera shoots 10 million pixels at a time. What you want to know, and what the megapixel count truly tells you, is how big you can make your image without having to enlarge it digitally (and suffering the resultant degradation in image quality). A 3-megapixel photo is more than dense enough to be printed out at the US standard 6- x 4-inch size at 300ppi, while 9 megapixels get you closer to a regular sheet of paper at the same density. Compromise a little on the pixel density, say down to 200ppi, and you'll get massive printouts from a humble old 12-megapixel shooter. Now, there are no guarantees that the actual photo would look good — megapixel numbers only measure the number of data points recorded by the camera — but at least you'll be able to do it.
Practically speaking, however, you're not likely to need such huge images. Most digital imaging ends up being consumed on computer screens, and if all you're needing are 900px-wide pics for Facebook, well, even a solitary megapixel will suffice. If you're shooting for billboards, murals, or other enormous photo sizes, you should get all the megapixels you can, but for the average photographer, other specs matter more.
Optical viewfinders are a funny thing. Until you use one, you wonder why everyone bothers with the effort, then you get your first DSLR and you can't live without one. Mirrors in SLR cameras reflect the exact image that will be imprinted onto the sensor to a sort of porthole atop the camera, that's your viewfinder. Once again, the more expensive models offer a more luxurious experience, with the Canon 7D and Nikon D700 featuring bigger, more comfortable viewfinders than entry-level DSLRs. Electronic viewfinders (EVF) are getting much better and starting to compete, particularly in Sony's line of single-lens translucent (SLT) cameras like the A77, but it'll take some doing to convince traditionalists to let go of the more natural way.
If your camera doesn't have an optical viewfinder, then you'd better make damn sure it's equipped with a good LCD. You'll be using it to both frame and review photos, so any shortcomings in terms of color fidelity or resolution can force you into a guessing game you don't want to play. LCD resolution is measured in dots, with 230,000, 460,000, and 920,000 being the typical values. The more dots the better, obviously, but do take a moment to check out the quality of the screen as well. Sony and Samsung are using OLED displays in some of their latest cameras, which look fantastic. As for touchscreen functionality, we've yet to see anyone pair it with a reasonable control scheme on a camera, so we'd advise skipping it.
Zoom is a simple concept — it's how close you can get to whatever you're shooting, without having to physically move closer — but it's not always obvious what you're really getting. The actual x-multiple of your zoom is much less important than the angle measurements at the widest and closest settings, which measure how much you can fit into your photo. A camera that starts at 28mm and has 10x zoom will ultimately get closer (280mm) than one that begins at 24mm (240mm when zoomed in), though the tradeoff is a smaller field of view when you're zoomed out. If you want to be as close as possible to your subject, the most important number is the telephoto angle, more so than the x-multiple. But be warned: cameras with huge zoom tend to be hard to hold steady when zoomed in, so getting sharp photos might be tough even with the best image stabilization. Additionally, as discussed above, the more flexibility you gain with zoom, the less likely you are to get the highest image quality — lens makers have to compromise on something, so if you're going after a massive zoom range, bear in mind that it won't deliver sublime images the way a fixed focal length might.
When it comes to zoom operation, fixed lens cameras have the upper hand. They usually have powered zoom mechanisms, allowing you smooth control at the press of a button. Interchangeable lenses are more fiddly for the newcomer, as their zoom is usually (but not always) controlled mechanically with a ring around the body of the lens. That gives more granular control to those want it, but can be offputting to the casual user. Finally, do yourself a favor and ignore the very idea of a "digital zoom." It's done either by enlarging the picture (and reducing its quality) or cropping down to a smaller area of the sensor, both of which you can do much better with dedicated post-processing software on your computer.
As with digital zoom, digital image stabilization (IS) is more marketing ploy than a useful feature. The optical stuff, however, is a whole other story. Lenses with optical IS are equipped with internal elements that move in the opposite direction to any small movements you make, steadying the image that arrives onto the sensor. Nikon's Vibration Reduction, demonstrated above, is particularly effective, allowing you to shoot at two or three steps slower shutter speed than you usually would be able to without motion blur. For example, if 1/40 shutter speed is your floor before you start seeing blurring on a regular lens, its VR version will move that down to 1/25. Canon's version of this is called Optical Image Stabilizer, Panasonic's is MegaOIS, and virtually every other camera and lens maker has a variety too.
Sony and Olympus have made a habit of building image stabilization right into the body of their DSLRs, simplifying lens design and reassuring users that all of their lenses will be stabilized. Ultimately, whichever system you choose, they all serve the purpose of reducing the deleterious effects of unintended motion and should be considered highly desirable in a camera purchase. If you're going after a shooter with a long telephoto zoom, optical IS should be the first thing you look for.
It was only a few years ago that video recording was considered a novelty in still cameras, but today HD video is a standard, and expected, feature. Still, there are pitfalls to beware, such as a selection of cameras that will lock the focus and zoom when video recording starts (e.g. the otherwise excellent Canon S95), significantly limiting your options. Reliable autofocus, in the cameras that are capable of it, remains a mirage. You'll do well to learn to love manual focus if you want your videos to be free of the irritating focus jumps that cameras do when they get confused as to what you're trying to film.
1080p HD video is fast becoming a standard feature in still camerasCameras with larger sensors make capturing video a harder process than with simple point-and-shoots, owing to their greater sensitivity, bulkier bodies, and typically mechanical zoom and focus mechanisms. They give you more to worry about, as lens operation noises are often picked up by the integrated microphone, however they also provide access to a range of cinematic effects that smaller cams cannot touch. Want to start your movie masterpiece with a gorgeously circular bokeh that gradually comes into focus on your leading man? You'll need something in the class of a Canon 60D with a wide-aperture lens to match.
All lenses have a point after which, if you get any closer to your subject, it won't be in focus no matter how hard you try. Termed the minimum focusing distance (MFD), this is a specification that's usually printed on the lens itself. It's measured from the image sensor — not the front of the lens — to the subject, so it's usually a less severe limitation than you might first think. MFD is actually one of the few advantages of smaller-sensor cameras: cameraphones and point-and-shooters can get really close to the subject, whereas interchangeable-lens cameras usually need a minimum clearance of at least 25cm / 10 inches. Macro lenses are designed specifically with the goal of cutting that distance, some dropping it as low as 16cm (essentially allowing you to press the lens up against the thing you're shooting). The important thing to be wary of is that telephoto and long zoom lenses typically demand a long MFD, somewhere in the region of 45cm, meaning they're not as flexible as they might initially appear to be.
Like a big name actor that's too important to sit in the middle of the cast list but not so crucial as to headline the show, we're dedicating our last slot to the camera's white balance (WB). This is the function that everyone leaves on auto, which is why the majority of indoor pics on Facebook look yellow. In simple terms, cameras are a bit dumb. If you don't tell them that you're under incandescent lights (which cast a yellow hue), they won't account for it and will try to balance the colors before them based on their presets. All modern cameras have a WB preset for artificial lighting, but only the more professionally inclined ones give you granular control over white balance and easy access to tweaking it on the fly.
The best solution we've found for overcoming unnatural color tinging is to feed your camera a sample image. The majority of DSLRs now have the option to set WB by taking an image of something that you know is white under the particular lighting conditions you intend to shoot in. Thus, when the camera snaps a nice white sheet of paper under the lurid orange and violet lights of a trade show floor, it'll calibrate itself to know that white looks a little different at that spot.
Among phones, the Nokia N8 has unmatched image quality. Unluckily for the N8, however, the central allure of cellphone photography isn't quality, it's convenience. The N8 is bulky thanks to its enlarged sensor and unwieldy to operate due to its Symbian OS, essentially reducing it to a point-and-shoot camera with a built-in 3G radio. What you really want from your phone is a camera with quick operation, reasonable image quality, and an effortless interface for uploading pictures to the web. That's the purpose of a cameraphone, after all: sharing pictures as quickly and as easily as possible.
Flickr's most popular camera, of any type, has been the iPhone 4 for a number of months now (though it looks likely to be succeeded by the iPhone 4S and its upgraded 8-megapixel sensor and five-element lens). Thanks to dedicated apps for image uploading and things like Twitter being plugged right into the gallery view, sending photos out to the web has never been easier. Android offers no fewer sharing options than iOS, and Microsoft's Windows Phone OS is similarly adept at serving the need for quick picture taking and sharing.
The limitations of cameraphones are numerous and generally well known. Firstly, you get no optical zoom option. Most phone cameras are set at wide focal lengths like 28mm or 35mm in order to capture large group shots and landscapes. There's also no optical image stabilization, which is a bigger issue when shooting video than stills. Additionally, although constantly improving, the miniature sensors in cameraphones continue to lag dedicated shooters in low-light performance and dynamic range.
Point-and-shoot (P&S) cameras are small, cheap, and easy to use. As the name implies, you're meant to take it out of the box, point it at your subject, and shoot. These cameras' manufacturers typically assume you'll be shooting in Auto mode and won't be worrying about things like aperture and shutter speed. That makes the camera easy to operate, but the flip side is that if you want more refined control, you'll have to dig around inside a stratified labyrinth of unhelpful menus. If you're just learning how to use a camera, or don't want to have to think about your photos, a point-and-shoot is a great option — their pocketability is just a bonus.
Picking a point-and-shoot presents you with a very wide range of features to choose from: some emphasize zoom, others promote manual controls, and still others offer extras like GPS or touchscreen functionality. Software sophistication is also growing, with litanies of automatic and creative modes, though we find the great majority of them to be mere gimmicks. Given the choice, you should always aim for the best sensor and lens, as nothing will give you quite as much satisfaction as sheer image quality, with added features being of secondary concern.
We'd wager that the most-wanted feature on a camera is more zoom — that's how you get closer to the action on the field and closer to the details you really want to see in photos. Camera makers heard that, and have started building cameras that are basically point-and-shoots, but with huge zooms (some as high as 20x and 30x). There are tradeoffs, as always: superzooms tend to be expensive and are usually quite bulky, particularly when you consider that their sensors are rarely larger than your typical point-and-shoot snapper.
Exceptional versatility that comes at a priceSuperzooms fall into the informal category of bridge cameras, which tend to look like shrunken-down DSLRs and aim to occupy (or "bridge") the gap between compacts and more professional equipment. Not every bridge camera has a stupidly long zoom, and we'd argue the whole effort of dressing up small-sensor cameras with pro features is delusive, but at least now you know what to call those hybrid-looking things in the store.
Ultimately, a superzoom sacrifices quite a lot to earn its title, however if you're pursuing the highest optical magnification of distant subjects, they're your best option outside of ridiculously large and expensive telephoto lenses on DSLRs. As we mentioned in the zoom section above, not all zoom is created equal. When you're shopping for a superzoom, check the millimeters on the wide and telephoto angles to see how close you'll really be able to get. For a more versatile camera, don't get anything with a wide angle higher than 28mm, but for the most zoom possible get the highest telephoto number you can find.
Because of its relative novelty, this category of camera still hasn't settled on a standard definition; some people call them EVIL (Electronic Viewfinder Interchangeable Lens), others refer to them as ILC (Interchangeable Lens Camera). We prefer the term 'mirrorless' as it most aptly describes their relationship to DSLRs: these are large-sensor cameras, just like DSLRs, but without the pentaprism required for an optical viewfinder. In removing that big bulk from the body, cameras like Olympus' PEN and Panasonic's G series have brought the high quality of DSLRs into a form factor not much larger than pocket cameras. Those two companies were the ones that got this entire movement started with their Micro Four Thirds (MFT) system, but it is Sony that truly delivered on the promise of mirrorless cameras with its NEX range. Unlike MFT, which uses slightly smaller sensors than DSLR cameras, Sony's NEX line is built around APS-C-sized imagers, with the latest NEX-5N matching the image quality you can get from midrange DSLRs like the Canon 60D and Nikon D7000.
It's hard to overstate how good the NEX-5N isHaving interchangeable lenses makes these cameras significantly more flexible than fixed-lens point-and-shoots, although lens selection remains paltry compared to the mature DSLR market, which benefits from continued compatibility with older lenses originally designed for film cameras. The big disadvantages for the mirrorless category today are the high prices and the fact that you'll have to commit to a brand (you can't exchange Sony E-Mount lenses with Olympus PEN lenses, for example) before you truly know which will have the best lens ecosystem. We're huge fans of Sony's NEX-5N and consider it an easy leader in the category, but you'll do well to check out Samsung's NX200, which also comes with an APS-C-sized sensor. Other competitors in this space, like Nikon's 1 Series and the Pentax Q, simply lack the image quality to be worth investing your time and money into.
Mirrorless cameras are evolving at arguably the fastest pace of all camera types and are looking increasingly likely to supplant entry-level DSLRs for people looking for the best balance of quality, flexibility, and price. 2012 is set to keep the momentum going, as Nikon will inevitably seek to improve on its underwhelming 1 Series debut, while Sony, Panasonic, Samsung, and maybe even Canon continue to work toward ever smaller camera bodies and higher-quality sensors.
The biggest step up most photographers will ever make is from a point-and-shoot camera to a digital single-lens reflex camera, or DSLR. DSLRs are so named because of a mirror system, called a pentaprism, inside them that allows you to see through the lens with the camera's viewfinder, and then flips up and out of the way while taking a photo. The flipping action is the 'reflex' in their name. We've already touched on the manifold advantages of these cameras: their APS-C sensors offer the best price-to-performance ratio, they come with fast autofocus and true optical viewfinders, and if you buy a Nikon or Canon body, you get access to a cornucopia of lens choices. Manual controls are generally more accessible too, with dedicated dials (photographers love knobs and dials) and buttons for specific functions.
DSLRs run a huge price range, with speed, build quality, and video recording capabilities accounting for most of the differences. A DSLR typically has a much longer lifespan than a less expensive camera, both because of its higher build quality and the versatility derived from its interchangeable lenses. Unless you're a pro needing to upgrade to the best equipment as soon as it becomes available, you'll find a good DSLR will serve you extremely well for a long time.
You might prefer to pick your favorite lens system first, camera body secondWhen you choose a DSLR, you should choose not only the camera you need now but the camera you'll need years from now, since you won't be upgrading any time soon. Lens selection is also incredibly important — some might even argue that you should pick your lens first and then find a body that will fit it. Unlike almost any other segment of the technology market, lenses aren't sold with built-in obsolescence bundled in. Improvements in lens performance or size are constrained by the laws of physics, so keep in mind that when the time comes to upgrade, you'll probably just be looking for a fresh camera body and keeping your optical equipment unchanged.
Canon and Nikon's dominance in the DSLR category is undeniable, but a wide lens selection isn't the only benefit of choosing one of them. Today, you can walk into any camera store in the world and you'll find a replacement lens cap or battery or any other accessory for your DSLR if it's made by one of the two market leaders. It's the same sort of reassurance MacBook owners get from knowing that they've bought into an extremely well supported ecosystem.
Sony's SLT cameras can be considered part of this category, even though they do not strictly have the same SLR mechanics. The single-lens translucent technology introduced with the Alpha A55 keeps the mirror locked into place, but makes it partially transparent, so that most of the image filters through to the sensor behind the mirror, and some is reflected onto an AF sensor. The major benefit of this system is that you can use phase-detect autofocus (the faster kind) even while using the LCD to frame shots and during video recording, an advantage over all other types of cameras. SLT cameras are also compatible with Sony and Minolta's A-mount lenses, so there's a good selection of glass to choose from. On the downside, however, SLTs are no smaller than DSLRs and lack an optical viewfinder.
As we've been saying throughout this guide, bigger image sensors usually mean better pictures. That's why those who want the best DSLR money can buy, opt for a full-frame model. The 35mm-film-matching full-frame sensor is much larger than APS-C, meaning that every pixel has a larger surface area and therefore absorbs more light and information. That, along with added processing muscle in the camera body, is how the Nikon D3s and Canon 1D Mark IV (APS-H sensor) can operate at silly ISO numbers like 51,200 without completely destroying the image they're trying to capture. Due to their typically enormous size and even more enormous price tag, however, full-frame DSLRs remain mostly the province of those who take photos for a living.
It's impossible not to be impressed by the speed and quality of full-frame camerasIt's hard to go wrong with a full-frame DSLR, but given the required outlay, it's worth doing your research. The differences between this top tier and midrange DSLRs are largely the same as those between the midrange and entry level: build quality leaps up (along with weight, unfortunately), more manual controls are added to the body, operation speed and continuous shooting are improved, and video capabilities are expanded. If you're a video pro, or looking to become one, Canon's options are hard to beat, but for pure image performance you might end up being swayed by Nikon. Another thing to remember is that compiling your collection of lenses will be more expensive with a full-frame camera, since bigger sensors require bigger lenses.
This may all look like an overwhelming amount of information, but things become much simpler once you answer a few questions for yourself. Want simplicity above all else? Choose between a good cameraphone and a stylish point-and-shoot. If you're eager to get bigger and better images without sacrificing portability, take a look at mirrorless cameras. For the best image quality and speed, you'll be shopping in the DSLR aisle, though we don't advise jumping straight into full-frame territory. Whatever you do, be prepared to grow progressively more obsessed with light as you get deeper into photography. The intensity, diffusion, and temperature of light is often just as important as your choice of equipment.
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text:
Aliyah: The Last Jew in The Village
by Sethu
Decrease quantity for Aliyah: The Last Jew in The Village
Increase quantity for Aliyah: The Last Jew in The Village
An alluringly graphic narration of a little-discussed chapter of Kerala's—and the world's—history: the migration of the black Jewsto the promised land of Israel. It is a moving tale of the reluctant migrants torn between two loyalties: to their native soil and to their Jewish identity. Fiction here turns into a site for raising some of the vital ontological questions of the post-globalized world: about identity, being, becoming and belonging. A gripping novel that moves from the past to the future and from strange dreams to stranger reality.'
—K Satchidanandan
'NEXT TIME IN JERUSALEM'—utteredevery Passover, these words kindle, within the small Jewish community of Kerala, a homesickness for their promised homeland.
They must prepare to break all ties with the place they have known and loved for centuries—all in response to the Zionist call. Salamon, the tongue-tied, day-dreaming firstborn of his family, must decide whether to set sail or stay back as the last Jew in Cochin—the place where his ancestors had found sanctuary—for it was here that their roots had struck, amongst those who accepted them as neighbours, classmates, teachers.
In this story of cultural and religious identity, told through three generations of a Jewish family in Kerala and their complex interpersonal relationships, Sethu weaves together myth, history and fiction to createa compelling narrative about man's constant search for home and permanence.
Publisher: Harper Perennial
Related Categories: All Books English Books

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tweed Heads South is a suburb located on the Tweed River in the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, Australia, in the Tweed Shire.

Demographics
In the , Tweed Heads South recorded a population of 7,902 people, 53.3% female and 46.7% male. The median age of the Tweed Heads South population was 52 years, 15 years above the national median of 37.  72.3% of people living in Tweed Heads South were born in Australia. The other top responses for country of birth were England 8.4%, New Zealand 3.5%, Scotland 1%, China 0.8%, Philippines 0.7%.  89.5% of people spoke only English at home; the next most common languages were 0.6% Mandarin, 0.3% Tagalog, 0.3% German, 0.3% Cantonese, 0.3% Thai.

Sport and recreation
A number of well-known sporting teams represent the local area, including South Tweed RLFC and South Tweed Heads Colts Junior Cricket Club who play home games at Dave Burns Field. Tweed United Soccer Club is a men's and women's junior and senior soccer club based at Arkinstall Park. South Tweed Skatepark is also located in Tweed Heads South next to Tweed River High School on Heffron Street.

References

Towns in New South Wales

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Did George Biddell Airy write a paper "On Certain conditions under which a Perpetual Motion is possible"?
George Biddell Airy was an English mathematician. He was Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881
According to the Bessler Wheel web-site (a site dedicated to investigationg perpetual motion machines, Airy wrote the paper titled On certain Conditions under which a Perpetual Motion is possible, published in Cambridge Philosophical Transactions, December 14, 1829. They provide scans of the paper:
It is well known that perpetual motion is not possible with any Laws of force with which we are acquainted. The impossibility depends on the integrability per se of the expression Xdx + Ydy + Zdz: and as in all the forces of which we have an accurate knowledge this expression is a complete differential, it follows that perpetual motion is incompatible with those forces.
But it is here supposed that, the law of the force being given, the magnitude of the force acting at any instant depends on the position, at that instant, of the body on which it acts. If however the magnitude of the force should depend not on the position of the body at the instant of the force's. action, but on its position at some time preceding that action, the theorem that we have stated would no longer be true. It might happen that, every time that the body returned to the same position, its velocity would be less than at the preceding time: in this case the body's motion would ultimately be destroyed. On the contrary it might happen, that the body's velocity in any position
I am skeptical that this was originally written by Airy because of its impenetrable style and it is apparently nonsense.
Was this paper written by Airy?
quotes physics
Comments are not for extended discussion; this conversation has been moved to chat. – Jamiec♦ Jun 5 '20 at 10:04
The claim that George Biddell Airy wrote a paper titled "On certain Conditions under which Perpetual Motion is possible" which was published in the Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society is true. The full text of the (short) paper can be read on Google Books.
The claim that this is a "rigorous mathematical proof of the theoretical possibility of perpetual motion" is a stretch. Airy's paper is an investigation into a mathematical model. Airy does not claim that perpetual motion is physically possible. He merely investigates under what conditions one particular mathematical model would lead to a situation where a "machine might move with uniform velocity, and might at the same time do work: which is commonly understood to be the meaning of the term perpetual motion".
Note that this isn't exactly what perpetual motion means in modern terms: perpetual motion is about creating energy. Airy's definition only takes some forms of energy into account (kinetic energy in the motion of the machine, and the "work" performed by the machine, but not necessarily, for example, electromagnetic forces).
Airy analyses a physical system and states that it obeys a certain mathematical equation. He analyses the possible solutions and concludes that, under a certain assumption ("on the supposition that g is small")
I shall only remark that if c√e be less than π, the arc of vibration increases continually.
Airy does not claim that it is physically possible for c√e to be less than π and that this would be compatible with the assumption that g is small.
Furthermore, even if the arc of vibration increases continually, this might not be perpetual motion. It is possible that the analysis was missing some of the forces through which energy can be transferred. Airy does not clearly state whether he believes that the analysis of forces is complete.
Gilles 'SO- stop being evil'Gilles 'SO- stop being evil'
"Airy does not claim that perpetual motion is physically possible." As I expected... But the style of the paper is (I will say it again) impenetrable. And the "rigorous mathematical proof of the theoretical possiblity of perpetual motion" is... [insert here some appropriate adjective]. – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla May 27 '20 at 10:49
@Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla: "Impenetrable style" is perhaps an artifact of the reader. I find the quoted excerpt quite clear, at least as academic writings go. – jamesqf May 27 '20 at 16:28
@Martín-BlasPérezPinilla how many academic papers from ~1830 have you read? Academic writing tends to be dense even today, and going further back in time tends the make the language even more flowery/dense/odd – mbrig May 27 '20 at 18:10
@mbrig, none! See my comment -> Nate Eldredge. – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla May 27 '20 at 18:13
The c√e assumption is not so remarkable, and it is mostly saying that the driving force does not depend on something too far into the past (assuming a periodic-ish solution, that it only looks up to a half of a cycle in the past). The much bigger assumption is that there is a way for a system to have a force proportional to a previous position -- likely it takes external energy to apply a force like this through time. I have a short analysis over at physics.stackexchange.com/a/555549/265876 – Kyle Miller May 28 '20 at 23:10
Airy's official autobiography, edited by his son Wilfrid and published in 1896, contains an appendix listing every paper that Airy ever published, along with when and where he published them.
On certain Conditions under which a Perpetual Motion is possible is listed partway down page 374:
So yes, George Biddell Airy really did write that paper. This doesn't mean that he believed perpetual motion was actually possible - he said as much at the start of the section you quoted:
It is well known that perpetual motion is not possible with any Laws of force with which we are acquainted.
By "certain conditions", he's referring to hypothetical changes to the Laws of forces, not to any actual real-world force.
F1KrazyF1Krazy
Looking at the excerpt quoted in the question, it is entirely possible that the paper is abn investigating in to the mathematical forms of laws that could lead to perpetual motion, rather than a claim that any such laws actually exist or are possible. I don't know what the paper actually says, but a conclusion of "perpetual motion requires forces with these properties, and electromagnetism doesn't have those properties, so you can't get perpetual motion using electromagnetism" could well be consistent with the title. – PhillS May 27 '20 at 7:46
Thanks for your effort. I will accept the other answer because is more focused on my doubts. – Martín-Blas Pérez Pinilla May 27 '20 at 14:50
@PhillS actually electromagnetism has these kinds of forces (only the backreaction prevents perpetual motion). – lalala May 28 '20 at 12:06
@F1Krazy Mathematicians and physicists study hypothetical, unrealistic scenarios all the time. The quoted passage says explicitly, at the very beginning: "It is well known that perpetual motion is not possible with any Laws of force with which we are acquainted." – user76284 May 29 '20 at 4:55
Note that Airy does not claim that perpetual motion is possible - it seems he's just having a bit of fun playing with the math to see what would have to happen to allow perpetual motion. – Bob Jarvis - Reinstate Monica May 29 '20 at 12:42
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Did Lloyd George say, "We must reserve the right to bomb niggers"?
Did Pascal write: "Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as when they do it from religious conviction"?
Did Charlie Chaplin write this letter to his daughter?
Did Tsar Nicholas II write "1916 was cursed, 1917 will surely be better"?
Did Joseph Goebbels say "Accuse the other side of that which you are guilty"?


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Home National Mayor of Mérida offered Eduardo Ravelo's mother 2.5 million pesos not to...
Mayor of Mérida offered Eduardo Ravelo's mother 2.5 million pesos not to report his rape and death at hands of police
He thanked the help provided by Olga Sánchez Cordero, who received it in Mexico City and acknowledged the support for the investigation folder that was opened at the Attorney General's Office to clarify the facts.
María Ravelo, mother of José Eduardo Ravelo, a young man allegedly murdered by Merida police, assured that the mayor of Mérida, Renán Barrera Concha, indirectly offered her two and a half million pesos to keep her quiet. "
The mayor did not offer me a direct deal, but with two emissaries that he sent with my lawyer, he offered me 2.5 million pesos to keep me quiet," he added.
In an interview with Azucena Uresti, for MILENIO Televisión, María Ravelo mentioned that the mayor called her to a meeting, however, she asked Renán Barrera to offer him the money directly. "I want the mayor to ask me at that time, I will not sell my son's life for anything in the world," she said.
▶ José Eduardo habría sido asesinado y violado por policías en Mérida. María, madre del joven, señala que el alcalde le ofreció 2.5 millones de pesos por su silencio
Ella no los aceptó y prefirió denunciar; "la vida de mi hijo no la voy a vender"
📺 La entrevista con @azucenau pic.twitter.com/mwLgO9ddPr
— Milenio (@Milenio) August 18, 2021
María Ravelo mentioned that her son managed to tell her about the abuse he suffered by the Mérida police officers and that she recounted everything they did to him when they arrested him and when they took him into custody. "He told me everything, so I ask for justice for my son, because this case cannot go unpunished. The prosecutor is hindering the investigation," she said.
Joses mother noted that the Fiscalía General of the State has supported from the outset; "he helped us, he provided us with an ambulance when my son was in the prosecution;" my son would tell me please mom, take me to the hospital, I can't take it anymore. "
He assured that in this investigation to clarify the facts, the General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic (FGR), the National Human Rights Commission ( CNDH ), and state authorities will participate.
She thanked the help of local authorities and media. (Jorge gonzalez)
She also thanked the help you provided Olga Sanchez Cordero, who received in Mexico City, and acknowledged the support fin opening an investigation folder at the Attorney General's Office (FGR ).
She mentioned that the videos that circulated on social networks of the moment of his son's arrest and about the abuses and beatings carried out by the police officers made it possible to advance in the investigation to find those responsible. "What can I say to a person who does not have the slightest trait of humanity and they treat those they must save like animals. I hope they treat them as they treated my son," she concluded.
To translate the video from a foreign language:
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You'll see that the subtitles have automatically been translated into English. While everything won't be translated with 100 percent accuracy, the whole idea is that you can at least get a rough translation so you can easily follow along.
Source: milenio.com, sinembargo.mx, poresto.net
Merida Police officers sexually abuse and beat up a young man from Veracruz causing him fatal injuries
José Eduardo Ravelo
yucatan police abuse
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What Happened in Apr 1977
7 8 16 20 23 27 29 More Days
Apr 7 1977 to Apr 10 1977
Tom Watson wins the 41st Masters Tournament
Scoring a birdie on No. 17, Tom Watson fired a final round 67 to defeat Jack Nicklaus by two strokes. Nicklaus needed a birdie at No. 18 to tie... Read more
The Clash release their self-titled debut album
The Clash is the eponymous debut album by the English punk rock band The Clash. It was originally released only in the United Kingdom on 8 April... Read more
Apple II is Released
A lot of features of the Apple II went in because I had designed Breakout for Atari. I had designed it in hardware. I wanted to write it in... Read more
"Annie Hall" Is Released
Annie Hall is a 1977 American romantic comedy film directed by Woody Allen from a script co-written with Marshall Brickman. One of Allen's most... Read more
Judas Priest release Sin After Sin
Sin After Sin is the third album by British heavy metal group Judas Priest, released in 1977. It was the band's first album on Columbia Records... Read more
"The Man Who Loved Women" Is Released
The Man Who Loved Women (French: L'Homme qui aimait les femmes) is a 1977 French comedy/drama film directed by François Truffaut and starring... Read more
Alice Cooper releases Lace and Whiskey
Lace and Whiskey is an album by Alice Cooper, released in May 1977. After many years of portraying a dark and sinister persona Alice Cooper... Read more
← Mar 1977
May 1977 →


The second season of SIIMA (South Indian International Move Awards) in Sharjah was as magical, exhilarating and explosive like last year. It was an occasion when all the A-listers of stars formed their own unique constellation on earth.
However, the cynosure of all eyes was none other than Nayanthara who had flown in from Zurich from the sets of her Telugu film to be a part of this glamorous night. The crowd waiting outside the venue went berserk when her car drove in.
She looked absolutely stunning in a red gown and the pretty lady sent the red carpet paparazzi in a tizzy when she arrived. The actress graciously waited, posed for shutterbugs and gave telly bytes to all channels with a smile.
Nayan looked happy and seemed to be in an extremely good mood. She was seem catching up with her friends and when she was asked to accompany Lifetime achiever award winner Sowcar Janaki to the stage, Nayan politely obliged and along with her good friend Trisha, stayed beside the veteran actress till she was brought back safely to her seat.
Nayan bagged the prestigious SIIMA Best Actress in Telugu and was ecstatic to receive the trophy from Sridevi. The actress who is eagerly awaiting the release of her romantic musical Raja Rani on 27 Sep and the big budget action entertainer Arrambam for Diwali has almost five films in her kitty.


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Scott Greene
Executive Vice President, Missiles and Fire Control
Scott Greene is executive vice president of Missiles and Fire Control (MFC) for Lockheed Martin Corporation. MFC is a more than $11 billion enterprise that employs approximately 20,000 people.
MFC develops, manufactures, and supports advanced sensors, missile, and air & missile defense systems. In addition, MFC provides technical services and logistics support for military customers that include the U.S. Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, The Missile Defense Agency, Special Operations Forces, and allied nations. Commercial programs include products and services for the renewable energy solutions and energy storage.
Mr. Greene's career spans more than 35 years of service within the aerospace industry.
He has a comprehensive business perspective, rooted in years of partnering with U.S. and international customers to deliver complex system integration programs, including fixed and rotary wing aircraft, space systems and missiles. Mr. Greene has supported several lines of business within the corporation and has significant experience in the international marketplace.
Prior to this role, Mr. Greene was MFC's vice president of Tactical & Strike Missiles, with total business, operational and financial responsibility in the areas of Hypersonic Weapon Systems, Long Range Precision Fires, Close Combat Systems, Strike Systems and Advanced Programs.
Mr. Greene has a bachelor's degree in business and applied economics from Cornell University. He is a member of the National Defense Industrial Association, the Air Force Association, and the Association of the United States Army.


text:
Aiza Seguerra
Palagay ko, Mahal Kita
Pagdating Ng Panahon
How Did You Know
Akala Mo...
Apr 2019 • 5 songs
Apr 2019 • 12 songs
The 25th of December
Carol Banawa
Gary Valenciano
Born Cariza Yamson Seguerra in 1983, Aiza Seguerra is an actor and musician from the Philippines. A well-known child actor in his homeland, he pursued a music career beginning in his late teens and had a hit with his official debut single, "Pagdating ng Panahon." Identifying as a transgender man as an adult, he's helped raised awareness regarding gender identity issues, as well as publicly advocating for animal rights and against child labor. He was appointed Chairperson of the National Youth Commission by the Philippines' president in August 2016. Seguerra began his career i...


Leila Cobo joined CU NAHJ for the second Charlas event, a series of short, informal talks with a Latino/a media-maker.
Above, the Billboard executive talks about what pushed her into a career in periodismo. Below, how she got started.


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The New Theatre at Stratford
1896 (Drawn)
Unknown (artists)
London (Designed)
Titled 'The New Theatre at Stratford', this detailed pen and ink drawing may have been intended for reproduction in an illustrated magazine to celebrate the opening of the new theatre in London's Stratford, designed by the prolific theatre architect Frank Matcham. It shows the exterior from the High Street as well as a meticulous view of the gloriously decorated proscenium arch, its swagged curtains and cherub-topped theatre boxes, and of the celebrated actor Herbert Beerbohm Tree (1852-1917) as Falstaff. The existence of this drawing of the auditorium is especially valuable since the interior was stripped in 1933 when the building was refitted for use as a cinema, and no other drawings of the original auditorium appear to exist.
The Borough Theatre Stratford opened on Monday 31 August 1896 with Tree's production of Henry lV Part 1 from the Haymarket Theatre where it had opened the previous May. On Wednesday 2nd September Tree and his company presented their production of Trilby, and the appearance of a star company from the west end in this theatre emphasises its aspirations as a grand theatre. Seating over 3,000 people, it soon became a popular venue, nicknamed 'The Drury Lane of the East' attracting many more celebrity performers.
Born in Devon in 1854, Frank Matcham was apprenticed to a local architect and to a quantity surveyor in London. In the 1870s he joined the firm of Jethro Thomas Robinson, theatre architectural adviser to the Lord Chamberlain, and subsequently married his employer's daughter. In 1878 he took over the practice on Robinson's death. From 1879 to 1912 Matcham built or rebuilt over 150 theatres across Britain, and introduced innovations such as cantilevered galleries. His emphasis was on practical aspects such as maximising audiences and ensuring good sightlines. but he also created rich interiors in a variety of styles. Examples of his theatre work include the Grand Opera House Belfast, the Grand Theatre Blackpool, the Lyric Theatre Hammersmith, Richmond Theatre Surrey, the Gaiety Theatre Douglas (Isle of Man), the Hackney Empire, the Shepherd's Bush Empire, the London Palladium and, perhaps most famously, the London Coliseum. He also designed pubs, cinemas, hotels, the County Arcade in Leeds, and the Tower Ballroom and Circus in Blackpool.
Pen and ink on Bristol board paper
Drawing showing exterior and interior views of the Borough Theatre Stratford designed by Frank Matcham (1854-1920), and of Herbert Beerbohm Tree as Falstaff in Henry lV part 1. Pen & ink. Signed with a monogram in ink: SS. Undated but presumably 1896.
Pen and ink drawing on Bristol board paper depicting a view of the exterior of the Borough Theatre Stratford from the High Street, set within a rectangular frame in front of a view of proscenium arch of the auditorium, and of the stage left boxes showing occupants in the circle and upper circle boxes. An ornate cartouche top left contains an image of Herbert Beerbohm Tree as Falstaff. Signed with monogram SS and inscribed verse: Drawing of the Boro Theatre Stratford.
Purchase from Marlborough Rare Books
This drawing was acquired with an architectural plan of the upper circle and a programme for a concert at the Borough Theatre, 28 March 1902.
S.1176-2014 (Object)
S.1178-2014
record created May 13, 2014
https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1293792/the-new-theatre-at-stratford-architectural-drawing-unknown/