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Industries – References – Enclosures
Siemens AG: Rittal every step of the way
The Siemens combination engineering plant in Chemnitz manufactures most of its enclosures in small quantities. That makes a super-efficient, meticulously organised planning and production process essential. For almost 20 years, Siemens has been using system solutions from Rittal.
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CPS Case Packaging System: Well packed
A total of 54 Rittal VX25 large enclosure systems are to be found in the production hall at CPS Case Packing Systems in Stramproy, Netherlands. They house electrotechnical control components for the nine packaging lines the company is setting up for a Canadian manufacturer of deep-frozen products.
Schubert Elektroanlagen: The future belongs to automation
Since 1965, Schubert Elektroanlagen has been successfully active on the market for electrotechnical and mechanical equipment in the plant construction sector. The company specialises in the areas of environment, energy and water.
Nestlé, Switzerland: Hygienic design at the research centre
Food hygiene. The Nestlé Product Technology Centre (PTC) in Orbe, Switzerland, is the Group-wide research and development centre for coffee, chocolate drinks and malt beverages. Nestlé demands state-of-the-art process technology, high availability and hygienic design from its suppliers when purchasing new machines.
Rittal Hygienic Design (HD) enclosures contribute to quality at Zweifel Pomy-Chips
Zweifel Chips, a well-known Swiss brand of crisps and snacks, was established in 1958. More than half a century later, quality is still the company's number-one priority. Moreover, food manufacturing is subject to stringent national and international regulations.
Plenge GmbH: Fast and automated machining of stainless steel
Machining stainless steel enclosures is no easy task because this tough material can only be machined to a limited extent using metal-cutting methods.
Fill: End-to-end enclosure machining with Perforex
"There's no such thing as 'can't'" would be an appropriate motto for Fill Gesellschaft m.b.H., which is based in Gurten, Austria. Courage and a willingness to take risks have been paying off for this company since 1966.
Van Meer Industrial Services: cutting-edge motor controllers
Van Meer Industrial Services is a leading service provider and brand-neutral partner for the manufacture and maintenance of energy-efficient engines, generators, gearboxes and more.
Blumenbecker Automatisierungstechnik GmbH: Consistent data in switchgear construction with Rittal
Extensive preparatory planning work is needed before a new project is allowed into Blumenbecker's production building. Each project begins with the electrical design of the controllers and switchgear, during which the wiring plans and circuit diagrams are created.
Laempe & Mössner: Strong arms
Support arm systems are an important component in the human-machine interface. They are the link between machines or plants and the control and operating devices that are themselves accommodated in various types of operating housings.
Bürger: Reliable protection of the electronic control functions during wet cleaning
"Maultaschen" (ravioli-like filled pasta cases) are a Swabian speciality and every day, nearly 1.5 million of them leave Bürger, a local, family-run business. Bürger attaches great importance to the latest production and process technology, and to uppermost hygienic standards.
Westfalenland Fleischwaren: Process scales optimised for hygiene
Optimum hygiene is vital when it comes to portioning and filling systems for highly sensitive foodstuffs. While developing its "CWP Neptune" wet area checkweigher (process scales), manufacturer Bizerba closely based its design on Rittal's modular "Hygienic Design" (HD) range.
OSI Food Solutions: Hygiene for the burger industry
Pure hygiene – that is the claim made by OSI Food Solutions Germany, and it is backed up with the very latest technology. The OSI plant in Günzburg uses the world's most advanced hamburger production line to manufacture 5.5 million patties a day, primarily for the huge network of McDonald's restaurants in Germany.
VX25 in use at Schaper Steuerungstechnik GmbH
Building cable clamp rails into an enclosure at exactly the right height sounds like an easy enough task. However, it is all-too common to find that the rails on two adjacent enclosures are just a single hole out of line.
Supfina Grieshaber: product-specific design intelligently combined with standard components
Machine developers are paying increasing attention to design aspects. The main imperatives are ease of operation, a reduced footprint, and lower system costs. The best innovations intelligently combine inexpensive standard components and product-specific design elements.
Pneumatechnique: Enclosure constructor cuts costs with automation solution from Rittal
British enclosure constructor Pneumatechnique Ltd. was looking for ways to reduce its operating and overhead costs through automation.
Herta: Hygienically optimised fire extinguisher enclosure for production facilities
The meat processor has been working with Rittal for more than ten years to ensure an absolutely clean and hygienic production environment. The sausage expert had a particular need for its fire extinguishers to be stored hygienically.
Elpex AG: From jigsaws to automatic enclosure machining
The possibilities for engineering software and automated machines to achieve significantly enhanced efficiency in control and switchgear manufacturing are demonstrated impressively in the projects realised by Elpex AG from Kirchberg in the Swiss canton of Berne.
Baumgartner Automation: Convincing certificates
Baumgartner Automation, an Austria-based control and switchgear manufacturer, responds mainly to inquiries from the construction industry. These include some impressive flagship projects, such as a major contract for a quarry in the United Arab Emirates.
Schaltanlagenbau GmbH H. Westermann: Automatic production in switchgear construction
Digitisation has also arrived for medium-sized companies in the switchgear industry. One such example is "Schaltanlagenbau GmbH H. Westermann" in Minden, Germany. The company, with a workforce of around 70 employees has merged two locations in the last few years and optimised production.
Aspin Kemp & Associates (AKA): From hybrid drilling vessels to microgrids
Hybrid drive systems are not only used in applications where mobility is involved, they also drive the drilling systems employed in the oil and gas industry as well as industrial microgrids. The Canadian company Aspin Kemp & Associates (AKA) has developed a system where diesel generators supply the electrical energy.
Senvion: wind power in diverse climes
Senvion's wind turbines can be found across the globe, including in Canadian forests, remote Australian villages, and the North Sea. They are designed to generate electricity for over 20 years.
Nordex wind turbines: Safely stowed at a lofty height
Over the past ten years, the amount of energy generated from wind power in Germany has more than quadrupled. For example, Nordex has added three new wind turbines to the Siegbach wind farm in the densely wooded Schelder Wald in Hesse.
Munich Airport: Rittal in the realm of baggage
Munich Airport is being upgraded. The baggage handling system in Terminal 2 is being extended from 40 to 50 kilometres, the early bag store is being enlarged and additional logistic improvements are being rolled out. All in all, the capacity of Germany's second-largest airport is to be increased 35 percent by 2015.
Funa GmbH: Playing with light on the high seas
The build for the Norwegian Getaway lasted just 15 months. The cruise ship is equipped with an ingenious lighting system that sets the perfect scene for the gastronomic delights and luxury facilities enjoyed by its up to 4,000 passengers and 1,600 crew.
Synchro Engineering Limited: Enclosure project completed in record time
Strategically located in the Niagara Region of Ontario, Canada, Synchro Engineering Ltd. is a specialist for power systems, energy management and green energy in this region, and has expanded its portfolio to include panel building and switchgear engineering since 2006 ...
Karl Schnell: Robust enclosures for the meat processing industry
Cleanliness is vital in the meat processing industry. However, the clearly defined cleaning and disinfection intervals make huge demands on the machinery.
Ripploh: Quicker switchgear construction
Efficiency is still a top priority in panel building and switchgear design, and there is still potential waiting to be tapped throughout the entire value chain: from engineering to production, to machining and equipping an enclosure.
APEG: Perforex cuts process times by two-thirds
Switchgear manufacturer AP Elektrotechnik GmbH (APEG) from Rechnitz in Burgenland (Austria) is facing up to the demands of Industry 4.0 (the Internet of Things).
KUKA Industries: Magnetarc welding machines come with Rittal TS 8 enclosures
Magnetarc welding machines from KUKA Industries deliver unparalleled precision and exceptional weld quality. The electrical and electronic components of these state-of-the-art processing systems are housed in Rittal TS 8 enclosures.
TESVOLT: Hot water on the mountainside
For a secure energy supply, the storage of electrical energy is often indispensable. One example is the Alpenvereinshütte alpine hut of the German Alpine Association's Coburg section, located 1,900 metres above sea level in the Mieming mountain range in Tyrol.
MWB Maritime Technology GmbH: Rittal enclosure and rack technology on MS Ostfriesland
MS Ostfriesland has linked Emden to Borkum for around 30 years. In summer 2015, the ferry switched from steam to liquid gas. This was preceded by extensive modification work and a high investment.
Linear Transfer Automation Inc.: Worldwide off-the-shelf availability
Linear equipment must never become a bottleneck factor in any process. This is the philosophy of Linear Transfer Automation, a market leader in the sector of metal forming and automated punching technology.
Vitens Water Company : Digitization in the drinking water supply
The Dutch water pipe system is one of the greatest infrastructural achievements of the past hundred years. And the underground water network continues to develop, not least because of the fact that it has to adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Bauer Systeme: Reliable data every step of the way
End-to-end automation and consistent digitalization of all processes are success factors in panel building and switchgear manufacturing because they enable efficiency to be optimised along the entire value chain.
W. Althaus AG: Automation in panel building and switchgear construction
There is still much room for improvement in panel building and switchgear construction. W. Althaus AG, based in Switzerland, has scrutinised and automated every process as far as possible.
Celler Land Geflügel: Hygienic protection of the control electronics
Every day, more than 500,000 packages of fresh chicken leave the two slaughterhouses and cutting plants at Landgeflügel. The highest standards of hygiene have to be adhered to when preparing fresh poultry.
FrieslandCampina: Hygienic Design allows process-oriented automation
In dairy enterprises, pneumatic valves ensure that networked systems consisting of pipes, heaters and stainless steel tanks work precisely.
Daimler: Rittal climate-control systems reduce energy consumption by up to 70 percent
While searching for ways to boost energy efficiency, Daimler put energy-saving cooling units from Rittal through their paces in live tests. The Sindelfingen plant manufactures products including pressed parts for Mercedes-Benz and Maybach. And the enclosure cooling units from Rittal ticked all the boxes.
Thermia: Consistent data boosts productivity
The major challenge for medium-sized companies in panel building and switchgear manufacturing is in completing projects as efficiently as possible while delivering a high level of quality at the same time.
Duim techniek: VX25 large enclosures' simple installation saves time
Time is money – and that holds true for manufacturer Duim techniek, based in Veenendaal, the Netherlands. The mid-size Dutch business specialises in electronic control systems for the waste processing and recycling industry.
Littau GmbH: Upgraded to a research vessel
Originally built in 1981, the fisheries protection vessel Seefalke was transformed into one of the world's most state-of-the-art research ships in the space of just two years.
Kassel Rural District: Broadband expansion in Rittal outdoor enclosures
High speeds are the order of the day on Germany's information highways – especially after a network expansion. The German Federal Association of Broadband Communication estimates that households in Germany will be surfing the net at average transfer speeds of 200 Mb per second by 2020 at the latest.
RWE: On the grid with a double-walled design
For decades, open-air supply cabinets have been performing a vital service in the 380, 220 and 110 kV substations of the RWE transport and distribution network. However, due to the cost of corrosion protection and problems with the interior climate of the single-walled sheet steel enclosures, it was time to find a new
Gartner Elektrotechnik GmbH: Growing with the help of automated enclosure machining technology
Gartner Elektrotechnik, headquartered in northern Austria, understands that for a business to grow, it must invest – in people, infrastructure and equipment.
2019 © Rittal GmbH & Co. KG


Bad breath can be offensive and can slowly turn you into a social recluse. Not only that, it can become embarrassing because people start avoiding you like the plague. There is nothing worse than a foul smelling mouth because it reflects very poorly on your personal hygiene. By practicing good oral hygiene and following these steps, you can make your breath smell good. Here are some ways to do so.
Make it a practice to diligently clean your mouth twice a day. Just brushing your teeth superficially with toothpaste is not enough. A toothbrush cannot reach hidden crannies and crevasses and hence your mouth needs a more intensive cleaning. Make sure you use a good tongue cleaner to take off debris that is stuck to your tongue.
Coffee and tea can leave bad stains on the tongue and make your breath smell foul. Similarly, use a good dental floss to take out tiny food particles stuck in between the teeth. This also prevents the build up of plaque that may attach itself to the teeth. Rinse your mouth after a meal with a good mouthwash. This will leave your breath sweet smelling at all times.
A dry mouth is a smelly and foul smelling mouth. This is because saliva produces enzymes that not only keep the mouth hydrated but also keep bacteria at bay. Chew on some sugarless gum to increase saliva production.
The gum will have a minty flavour that will keep your mouth smelling fresh all day. Similarly, drink plenty of water throughout the day as water washes off all food residues that could lead to bad breath.
Certain medications like very strong antibiotics can leave your mouth excessively dry. The medicines too can leave a foul and pungent odour behind. If you are facing such a problem with your medication, make sure you speak to your doctor and have him recommend another medicine to you.
Certain chewing gums do a better job at making your mouth smell good. Have chewing gums, which are laced with a flavour of cinnamon as they keep your breath smelling fresh for hours. Always go in for sugar free gum as it helps to maintain your daily intake of calories.
Eat juicy fruits like apples and pears. They help to flush out and eliminate annoying bacteria stuck to your teeth, which may cause bad breath. Have a crunchy apple an hour or so after your meal to help keep your breath sweet smelling.
Cavities are the biggest culprits when it comes to foul smelling breath. Make sure you address cavities by showing yourself to a good doctor.
The dentist may place a dental filling or do a root canal treatment on the cavity in order to address the issue of foul or bad smelling breath.
Certain foods like garlic, onions, eggs, chocolates, cheese, meat, fish and poultry make your breath smell bad. It is better to eat such foods in strict moderation. Try to eat plenty of leafy green salads and fruits, which are non-acidic in nature and will not leave a pungent after smell in your mouth.
If you have a severe throat infection, cough or tonsils, have it treated right away. This is because tonsils can cause you to choke up tonsil stones that can leave your mouth with a very putrid odour. If you have a throat infection, have it treated right away.
Make sure that you visit a dentist at least twice in a year.
He/she will clean your teeth, inspect them and remove plaque that could be causing bad or foul smelling breath. Do not skip on your annual dental visits.
Add a pinch of baking soda to your mouth. It will help to balance out the pH level in your mouth and will prevent the bacteria from festering in your mouth. Do this every morning after you get up and at night just before hitting the bed. There are chances that you will have a clean smelling mouth all day.
Always scrape your tongue well. The scraping motion should be carried out back to front so that the trapped food particles are pushed out of the mouth. This is an effective way of preventing bad breath.
Tobacco chewing and smoking can leave you with a perennially bad breath. Not only will it lead to dental decay, but you will also suffer from a bad case of halitosis.
Alcohol stinks like no other. Your mouth will smell bad for hours after consuming alcohol. If you must, make sure you brush well and use a good mouthwash after consuming alcohol.
Diabetes can lead to a putrid and offensive smell in the mouth. This happens very often in a condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis. People who suffer from chronic bronchitis also have a problem. This happens when the mucous that is foul smelling gets trapped behind the mouth. Your best bet is to have these medical conditions remedied as soon as possible.
If your diet is healthy and balanced, you will automatically nip a lot of problems in the bud. Eat fruits, vegetables and stay away from refined, processed and sugary foods, which produce acids and eventually lead to bad breath and halitosis. Drink water after every meal to ensure that all food is flushed down into the stomach.
Avoid coffee and tea as they lead to bad breath. Stick to herbal teas and green teas, which do a lot of good to our dental health and oral hygiene. These are some of the ways by which you can keep your mouth sweet smelling and clean all the time. Get yourself regularly tested for underlying medical conditions if your bad breath is persistent and permanent in nature.


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Kansas Geological Survey, OGI 12
Cross Sections in Eastern Kansas
by Wallace Lee and Daniel F. Merriam
Originally published in 1954 as Kansas Geological Survey Oil and Gas Investigations 12. This is, in general, the original text as published. The information has not been updated. An Acrobat PDF version (15 MB) is also available.
In recent years the State Geological Survey has presented generalized sections of the subsurface rocks of eastern Kansas (Jewett, 1949; Jewett and Abernathy, 1945). These earlier editions have been exhausted but the demand from operators and residents of eastern Kansas for this type of information has continued. Added interest in this area has been occasioned by secondary recovery operations and the relatively new techniques of hydraulic fracturing of reservoir rocks. The present group of four cross sections (Fig. 1) has been prepared in response to this demand. Each cross section is preceded by a sequence of diagrams in cross-section form to show the structural developments at the successive periods of regional deformation that have led to the present structure and distribution of the formations.
Figure 1—Index map showing location of cross sections.
Because of the limited number of good well samples and logs in eastern Kansas, it has been necessary to draw the cross sections where the best control is available. As a result, the cross sections are not drawn uniformly on straight lines and do not cross the major structural features at right angles. A cross section along an irregular line on an inclined surface suggests structural features not actually present. Distortion from this source is minimized by the small scale and generalized character of the cross sections. An unavoidable distortion results from vertical exaggeration, in this case 100 times the horizontal scale. To present the cross sections more nearly in their true proportions the present relations of the formations are shown at the bottom of Plates 1, 2, and 3 with a vertical exaggeration of only twice that of the horizontal scale.
In the preparation of the cross sections sample logs were used wherever possible but in southeastern Kansas, in the absence of sample logs in appropriate places, a few drillers logs were used after checking against other logs in the same vicinity. In all 68 logs were used, most of which were sample logs from the files of the Kansas Geological Survey. Details of the distribution and wedging out of formations between wells of the cross sections were derived largely from earlier reports by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Geological Surveys of Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska (Lee and others, 1946) and the Kansas Geological Survey (Lee, Leatherock, and Botinelly, 1948).
The stratigraphy of eastern Kansas is discussed only briefly in this report. For more detailed descriptions of the rocks the reader is referred to Moore and others (1951).
Pre-Cambrian Rocks
Pink granite is reported in most of the wells that have been drilled to Pre-Cambrian rocks, but quartzite, schist, gneiss, porphyry, slate, and marble have also been reported. A revised map roughly showing the configuration of top of the Pre-Cambrian in eastern Kansas has been published recently (Jewett, 1954).
Cambrian System
The Pre-Cambrian rocks are nearly everywhere overlain by the Lamotte sandstone. This formation is a basal Paleozoic sand which was deposited on a surface of moderate relief. Local areas were too high to be submerged during Lamotte deposition. The sandstone is composed mainly of white fine- to coarse-grained angular to subrounded quartz fragments. A thickness of 40 feet is reported in well 6 of Plate 2.
Cambro-Ordovician Rocks
The Arbuckle group, of Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician age, consists of five recognizable divisions in the subsurface of eastern Kansas. The lower two—the Bonneterre dolomite and the Eminence dolomite—are Cambrian in age whereas the upper three—the undivided Gasconade dolomite and Van Buren formation, the Roubidoux dolomite, and the undivided Cotter and Jefferson City dolomites—are of Ordovician age. The Arbuckle group as a whole consists mainly of dolomite and is white, buff, light gray, cream, and brown in color. The rocks are usually crystalline or dense, and especially in the upper parts contain large amounts of various types of chert. Some of the beds are sandy and some contain minor amounts of glauconite and pyrite. A thickness of 880 feet was reported in wells 16 and 17 of Plate 3. Where the Lamotte sandstone is missing Arbuckle rocks overlie the Pre-Cambrian surface. In general, the Arbuckle thickens to the east and southeast toward the Ozark region of Missouri and toward the south in Oklahoma.
Ordovician System
Rocks of Ordovician age that are present in eastern Kansas include the Simpson group, the Viola limestone, and the Maquoketa shale.
The Simpson group is composed of gray to white fine-grained subrounded sandstone, green shale, and gray to brown dense finely crystalline sandy dolomite. A thickness of 210 feet is present in well 1 of Plate 4. An abnormal thickness of Simpson was found in wells 15 and 19 of Plate 2. Similar abnormal thicknesses of Simpson sand have been noted in eastern Kansas by Lee and others (1946) who attributed them to deposition in sinkholes on the Arbuckle surface. Generally speaking the Simpson group thins to the east. It was truncated by postSimpson erosion on the flank of the Chautauqua arch. The pre-Chattanooga outcrop of the Simpson group is shown in Figure 2.
The Viola limestone consists of gray, buff, and brown medium to coarse crystalline dolomite, mite, which is usually vuggy and contains varying amounts of gray and white opaque generally spicular chert. This formation attains a thickness of 180 feet in well 4 of Plate 4, and thins to the southeast on the flank of the Chautauqua arch.
The Maquoketa shale is gray-green to gray silty dolomitic shale with gray fine granular silty dolomite. It is locally cherty. The Maquoketa attains a thickness of about 80 feet in well 3 of Plate 4. This formation, where present, maintains a rather uniform thickness.
Silurian System
The Silurian rocks consist of light-gray to buff fine- to medium-crystalline dolomite which is locally very vuggy and porous. Chert is also present in varying amounts. The base of the Silurian is characterized by large dolomitized oolites. A thickness of 430 feet occurs in well 2 of Plate 4. The Silurian thins to the south and to the east.
Devonian System
It is common practice to group together the Devonian and Silurian rocks in a unit called the "Hunton" limestone. The rocks of these two systems are lithologically similar in some areas but they are separated by an important unconformity. In Kansas and Missouri the contact between the Devonian and the Silurian occurs at the base of a dolomite or limestone zone in which rounded sand grains are disseminated. The basal bed is locally a dolomitic sandstone. The Devonian in eastern Kansas commonly includes gray to brownish dense to finely crystalline dolomite or sublithographic limestone. Except where it is very thin, it includes some opaque white chert. It is 240 feet thick in well 4 of Plate 4. From north to south, as the Chautauqua arch in southeastern Kansas is approached, the Devonian rocks overlap from the Silurian onto older rocks (Fig. 2).
Figure 2—Distribution of formations likely to be encountered immediately below the Chattanooga shale in eastern Kansas.
Rocks of Mississippian or Devonian Age
The Chattanooga shale is greenish-gray to medium gray, platy, and pyritic. The lower part is a spore-bearing dark-gray to black shale. Locally there occurs at the base of the Chattanooga a gray fine- to medium-grained slightly friable sandstone known as the Misener sand, generally represented in eastern Kansas by sandy shale. In general the Chattanooga overlaps upon all the older beds in eastern Kansas. Abnormal thicknesses of this unit have been described (Lee, Leatherock, and Botinelly, 1948) in McPherson County and eastward where it was deposited in an old bedrock valley but in southeastern Kansas it wedges out to a featheredge in Cherokee County. A thickness of 260 feet of Chattanooga shale occurs in well 9 of Plate 1.
Mississippian System
The Mississippian System, which is undivided in this report, includes a number of recognizable formations (Lee, 1940). These formations are grouped into four series—the Kinderhookian, Osagian, Meramecian, and Chesteran-which either singly or collectively are present in all of eastern Kansas except on the northern end of the Nemaha anticline. For the most part the Mississippian rocks consist of limestone and dolomite. The limestone is gray, finely to medium crystalline, slightly dolomitic, and cherty in part. The dolomite is white to buff, sucrose to finely crystalline, and cherty. Some of the dolomite is vuggy with drusy quartz. Varying amounts of glauconite are present and one limestone member is oolitic. Some greenish-gray silty shale is present in the Kinderhookian and some greenish and reddish shales occur locally in the lower part of the Osagian Series. The Mississippian rocks are about 420 feet thick in well 15 of Plate 1.
Pennsylvanian System
The Pennsylvanian rocks in eastern Kansas are represented by the Desmoinesian, Missourian, and Virgilian Series which are subdivided into groups, formations, and smaller named units.
The Desmoinesian Series consists of the "Cherokee" and Marmaton groups. The "Cherokee" rocks are predominantly dark-gray to black micaceous shale with varying amounts of sandstone, thin limestones, and coal. The sandstone is gray, fine- to medium-grained, subangular, and friable. The limestone is brown and dense to medium crystalline. A deposit of sand and chert present locally at the base of the Desmoinesian is called "Burgess sand" or Pennsylvanian basal conglomerate. The thickness of the "Cherokee" is about 560 feet in well 9 of Plate 1. The Marmaton group consists of gray sandy shale with gray, cream,' and buff dense to finely crystalline limestone. There is some red, green, and black shale especially in the lower part of the group. The thickness in well 18 of Plate 4 is about 230 feet. For the most part, the group has a rather constant thickness in eastern Kansas.
The Missourian Series consists of the Pleasanton, Lansing, and Kansas City groups. The Pleasanton group consists mainly of gray gritty platy micaceous shale and gray fine-grained micaceous subangular sandstone. Some red and green shale also is present in some of the wells. This group has a thickness of about 180 feet in well 13 of Plate 3. Generally the group has a fairly uniform thickness over most of the eastern part of the State. The Lansing and Kansas City groups, which have not been separated in this report, are composed mostly of gray to buff dense to finely crystalline limestone interstratified with gray limy shale, red and green shale, and black shale. Some of the limestones are oolitic and some are cherty. Fine-grained silty calcareous sandstone is also present. The Hertha limestone, a well-known formation at the base of the Kansas City group, is gray to brown, granular, and dense. The Lansing group which is predominantly limestone in the north grades laterally into a sandy facies toward the south. This sandy facies, which is a partial equivalent of the "Stalnaker sand," is light gray, fine-grained, subangular, micaceous, and shaly in streaks. The total thickness of the two groups increases to the south, where in well 10 of Plate 3 the thickness is 700 feet.
The Virgilian Series contains the Douglas-Pedee, Shawnee, and Wabaunsee groups. The Douglas-Pedee group consists mainly of red and medium- to dark-gray shale with gray fine-grained micaceous subangular sandstone and some gray to buff dense to finely crystalline limestone. The thickness of this group is about 380 feet in well 12 of Plate 3. The Shawnee group is composed of gray and cream to tan dense to fine crystalline limestone with some interbedded dark-gray, red and gray, and black shale. The lower part of the group is cherty. The Heebner is a thin black shale which occurs in the lower part of the group and is a recognizable marker horizon especially in electric well logs. The Shawnee group attains a thickness of 560 feet in well 3 of Plate 3. The Wabaunsee group consists of white to gray finely crystalline limestone with interbedded red and gray sandy shale. Some of the limestone is cherty. There are also varying amounts of gray fine-grained subangular micaceous sandstone. The thickness of this group is 560 feet in well 7 of Plate 3.
Permian System
Only the lower two Permian series—the Wolfcampian and Leonardian—are present in eastern Kansas. The Admire, Council Grove, and Chase groups make up the Wolfcampian; only the lower part of the Sumner group of the Leonardian Series is present.
The Admire group is composed of gray to buff mottled finely crystalline cherty limestone, red and gray sandy shale, and gray fine-grained micaceous subangular sandstone. This group attains a thickness of 210 feet in wells 1 and 2 of Plate 4. The Council Grove group consists of gray, light-gray, and cream dense to finely crystalline limestone with interbedded gray shale. Some of the limestones are cherty and dolomitic. This group has a thickness of 360 feet in well 6 of Plate 3. The Chase group includes buff to brown finely crystalline dolomitic limestone and red and gray shale. White to white and gray anhydrite occurs in the upper part of the group. The Chase group is 390 feet thick in well 4 of Plate 3.
The Sumner group of the Leonardian Series consists mainly of red and gray shale with minor amounts of limestone and anhydrite. Only the lower formations of this group are represented in the northwestern corner of the area.
Regional Structure of Eastern Kansas
The present regional structure of eastern Kansas is the result of several conflicting structural movements that warped the originally flat formations in different directions at differing periods of geologic history (Lee and others, 1946; Lee, 1943; Lee, 1940; Lee, Leatherock, and Botinelly, 1948). A brief summary of the structural movements affecting eastern Kansas follows.
The first Paleozoic structural movements occurred during Arbuckle time when eastern Missouri was a subsiding basin in which a great thickness of marine dolomite was being deposited. At the same time eastern Kansas was sinking more slowly with lesser accumulations of similar sediments. At the end of Arbuckle time areas in northeastern Kansas and southeastern Nebraska were raised so high above sea level that all the Arbuckle rocks down to the Pre-Cambrian were eroded from the crest of what is known as the Southeast Nebraska arch. The surface of this arch and other areas of Kansas were worn down to a more or less level plain upon which the Simpson rocks were deposited.
During the second period of regional deformation the structural movements were reversed. The Southeast Nebraska arch became a subsiding area known as the North Kansas basin and the Ozark region of Missouri and the Chautauqua arch of southeastern Kansas began to rise. These movements continued with only slight variations from Simpson to Chattanooga time. They were, however, interrupted by uplift and erosion at the end of Silurian time and again preceding the deposition of the Chattanooga shale. During both these intervals the region was uplifted and worn down by erosion to a nearly level plain. The older rocks which had been tilted toward the North Kansas basin were beveled and exposed in parallel bands on the level surface. The Devonian rocks were deposited on such a surface. They overlie the eroded surface of the Silurian in the North Kansas basin and, toward the Chautauqua arch in southeastern Kansas, were laid down in succession across the exposed belts of Maquoketa (Sylvan), Viola, Simpson, and originally on the Arbuckle. The Chattanooga shale was deposited across a similar eroded surface. It overlies the Devonian limestones and dolomites in the North Kansas basin and overlaps toward the south upon the Viola and the Simpson and on the crest of the Chautauqua arch upon the Arbuckle. The Silurian and the Maquoketa (Sylvan) were not reexposed at this time except in a broad valley in McPherson and Marion Counties which was eroded below level of the pre-Chattanooga plain to the east (Fig. 2).
The third period of regional deformation affecting eastern Kansas began at the end of Mississippian time when the Nemaha anticline arched the already deformed older rocks in a long narrow fold extending from Omaha southwest beyond Oklahoma City. The elevated areas were again beveled by erosion and all rocks younger than the Pre-Cambrian were eroded from its crest in northeastern Kansas. In other areas on its crest, rocks older than the Pennsylvanian were greatly reduced in thickness. Before Pennsylvanian rocks were deposited in eastern Kansas, movement along the Nemaha anticline was renewed in the same pattern of folding. This renewed activity lowered the beveled surface east of the anticline and produced the Forest City basin in northeastern Kansas and its southern counterpart, the Cherokee basin of southeastern Kansas. Much greater thicknesses of lower Pennsylvanian rocks accumulated in these basins than covered the crest of the Nemaha anticline. Secondary movements on the anticline and in the adjacent basins continued through Pennsylvanian and Permian time and even later. Later structural movements, in the main post-Permian, gave the rocks of eastern Kansas their present low dip toward the west and northwest.
The bottom cross sections of Plates 1 to 4 show the present attitude of the formations in eastern Kansas. The series of diagrams in the form of cross sections that are shown in the upper parts of the plates reveal the steps by which the somewhat complicated relations of the present evolved. Previous work has shown that some of the erosional surfaces separating the formations were originally essentially flat and horizontal. Such topographic relief as existed on the eroded surfaces is in the main negligible over long distances. By plotting the formations with reference to successive essentially flat and horizontal surfaces the development and modification of the different regional structural features are revealed.
Cross Section W-W'
Cross section W-W' (Pl. 1) extends from west to east from Clay County, Kansas, to Cass County, Missouri, approximately 145 miles (Fig. 1).
Plate 1A shows the attitude of the rocks on the line of the cross section at the close of Simpson time, indicating the beveled crest of the Southeast Nebraska arch below the overlapping Simpson rocks between wells 4 and 8 and the thickening of the Arbuckle group eastward into Missouri.
Plate 1B shows the attitude of the rocks at the end of Maquoketa time with little or no change in structure of the Arbuckle on the line of the cross section.
Plate 1C shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of Devonian deposition-the pre-Devonian beveling of the older rocks, the early subsidence of the North Kansas basin between wells 2 and 11, and the accompanying rise of areas to the east which materially reduced the eastward dip of the Pre-Cambrian surface.
Plate 1D shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of the deposition of Mississippian limestones. It reveals the continued subsidence of the North Kansas basin through the period of deposition of the Chattanooga shale and the loss of the original easterly dip of the Pre-Cambrian surface.
Plate 1E shows the attitude of the formations after post-Mississippian beveling. The section shows the initial development of the Nemaha anticline across the area of the North Kansas basin; a broad syncline to the east (the forerunner of the Forest City basin) and the east limb of a syncline to the west (the forerunner of the Salina basin). Easterly dip in some measure has been restored to the Pre-Cambrian surface.
Plate 1F shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of Kansas City time. It shows the downwarping of the post-Mississippian peneplain to form the Forest City basin on the east and the margin of the shallower Salina basin on the west.
Plate 1G shows that at the end of Lansing time there had been only slightly increased arching of the Nemaha anticline.
Plate 1H shows the present attitude of the formations. It reveals that slow development of the Nemaha anticline and the Forest City basin continued after Lansing time and probably through the Permian. The most striking feature is the westerly dip which was imposed on the earlier structure after Permian time. The Pre-Cambrian surface has acquired a strong westerly dip interrupted by the Nemaha anticline.
Plate 1J shows the present attitude of the formations with a vertical exaggeration only twice that of the horizontal. The cross section reveals the improbability of faulting on the east flank of the Nemaha anticline.
Cross Section X-X'
Cross section X-X' (Pl. 2) extends from west to east from McPherson County to Linn County, Kansas, approximately 150 miles (Fig. 1).
Plate 2A shows the attitude of the formations on the line of the cross section at the beginning of Mississippian limestone deposition. Between wells 1 and 5 the diagram shows the pre-Chattanooga valley filled by a thick accumulation of Chattanooga shale. The shale thins eastward and overlaps in succession upon Devonian, Viola, Simpson, and Arbuckle rocks.
Plate 2B shows the attitude of the formations after post-Mississippian beveling. The initial development of the Forest City basin, Salina basin, and the Nemaha anticline and the greater displacement of the Mississippian rocks on the east than on the west are indicated.
Plate 2C shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of Kansas City time—the downwarping of the post-Mississippian peneplain, the development of the Forest City-Cherokee basin, slightly increased arching on the crest of the Nemaha anticline, and more or less static conditions in the Salina basin—on the line of the cross section.
Plate 2D shows that by the end of Lansing time there had been only slightly increased structural movement.
Plate 2E shows the present attitude of the formations, revealing renewed activity of the Nemaha anticline during Permian time, additional deepening of the Forest City-Cherokee basin, and the post-Permian westerly dip of the whole region.
Plate 2F shows the present attitude of the formations with a vertical exaggeration only twice that of the horizontal.
Cross Section Y-Y'
Cross section Y-Y' (Pl. 3) extends from west to east from Sumner County to Crawford County, Kansas, a distance of 135 miles (Fig. 1).
Plate 3A shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of Mississippian limestone deposition. It portrays the overlap of the Chattanooga shale upon the Simpson on the border of the Chautauqua arch and upon the Arbuckle on its crest, and also illustrates the southeastward thinning of the Chattanooga.
Plate 3B shows the attitude of the formations after post-Mississippian beveling indicating the relatively low arching of the Nemaha anticline in southern Kansas by the slight thinning of the Mississippian across its crest.
Plate 3C shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of Kansas City time. There has been increased arching of the Nemaha anticline and downwarping to form the Cherokee basin in the area of the previously rising Chautauqua arch.
Plate 3D shows the present structure of the formations on the line of the cross section. There has been only slightly increased arching of the Nemaha anticline since Kansas City time. The principal structural feature is the post-Permian westerly dip.
Plate 3E shows the present structure with a vertical exaggeration of only twice the horizontal scale.
Cross Section Z-Z'
Cross section Z-Z' (Pl. 4) extends from northwest to southeast from Brown County to Crawford County, Kansas, a distance of 195 miles (Fig. 1). This cross section is designed to show primarily the relation of the North Kansas basin to the Chautauqua arch and the southerly overlap of the Devonian rocks and the Chattanooga shale. Inasmuch as the cross section lies on the trend of the Forest City-Cherokee basin and parallel to the trend of post-Mississippian structural movements, the later cross sections (Pls. 4C to 4E) do not reveal post-Mississippian structure.
Plate 4A shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of Devonian time. It reveals thickening of the Simpson and Silurian rocks toward the center of the North Kansas basin, and the southward beveling of the Silurian, Maquoketa, Viola, and originally also of the Simpson and Arbuckle as the Chautauqua arch is approached.
Plate 4B shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of Mississippian limestone deposition, indicating the continued development of the North Kansas basin through Chattanooga time. The Devonian, Viola, Simpson, and Arbuckle rocks were beveled by pre-Chattanooga erosion between wells 9 and 12 but the Silurian and Maquoketa were not reexposed.
Plate 4C shows the attitude of the formations after post-Mississippian beveling. The Mississippian limestones are thin in wells 1 and 2 because they were drilled on the east flank of the rising Nemaha anticline which is not otherwise represented in this cross section because it lies entirely in the Forest City-Cherokee basin. There was no movement of the Chautauqua arch. Well 10 is in a broad shallow syncline.
Plate 4D shows the attitude of the formations at the beginning of Kansas City time. The zigzag course of the cross section (Fig. 1) introduces irregularities in the thickness of the lower Pennsylvanian rocks that do not reflect the structural features of the Forest City-Cherokee basin.
Plate 4E shows the present attitude of the formations. Wells 10 to 18 are on a component of the northwesterly dip that was imposed on this and other areas of Kansas mainly in post-Permian time. Wells 5 to 10 are approximately on the strike of the post-Permian dip.
Plate 1
Available as an Adobe Acrobat file, 6.6 MB
Jewett, J. M., 1949, Oil and gas in eastern Kansas; with special reference to developments from 1944 to 1948: Kansas Geol. Survey, Bull. 77, 308 p.
Jewett, J. M., 1954, Oil and gas in eastern Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey, Bull. 104, 397 p
Jewett, J. M., and Abernathy, G. E., 1945, Oil and gas in eastern Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey, Bull. 57, 244 p
Lee, Wallace, 1940, Subsurface Mississippian rocks of Kansas: Kansas Geol. Survey, Bull. 33, pp. 1-114, figs. 1-4, pls. 1-10. [available online]
Lee, Wallace, 1943, The stratigraphy and structural development of the Forest City basin in Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bull. 51, 142 p. [available online]
Lee, Wallace, Leatherock, Constance, and Botinelly, Theodore, 1948, The stratigraphy and structural development of the Salina basin of Kansas: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin, no. 74, 155 p. [available online]
Lee, Wallace, and others, 1946, Structural Development of the Forest City Basin of Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, and Nebraska: U. S. Geol. Survey, Oil and Gas Investi., Prelim. Map 48 [available online]
Moore, R. C., Frye, J. C., Jewett, J. M., Lee, Wallace, and O'Connor, H. G., 1951, The Kansas rock column: Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin, no. 89, 132 pages [available online]
Kansas Geological Survey
Placed on web Sept. 13, 2018; originally published in 1954.
The URL for this page is http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/OGI12/index.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Sean Tucker Dino Babers Michael Mayer Drew Pyne College sports College football Sports Football
Division I FBS Ind Notre Dame ACC Syracuse
No. 16 Syracuse hosts Notre Dame; important game for both
By The Associated Press - Oct. 27, 2022 12:13 PM EDT
Syracuse head coach Dino Babers walks off the field after an NCAA college football game against Clemson on Saturday, Oct. 22, 2022, in Clemson, S.C. (AP Photo/Jacob Kupferman)
Notre Dame (4-3) at No. 16 Syracuse (6-1), Saturday, noon ET (ABC).
Line: Syracuse by 2 1/2, according to FanDuel Sportsbook.
Series record: Notre Dame leads 7-3.
WHAT'S AT STAKE?
Syracuse is coming off its first loss of the season, a 27-21 setback at No. 5 Clemson, and the Orange cannot let that disappointment spoil what has been a special season so far. Notre Dame was ranked in the preseason then promptly lost its first two games. The Irish have since won four of five and are beginning a two-game stretch against ranked opponents — they host No. 5 Clemson in a week — that could make or break their season.
KEY MATCHUP
Notre Dame quarterback Drew Pyne against the Syracuse defense. Pyne, who has made five straight starts, is 93-of-146 passing for 1,077 yards and 12 touchdowns with three interceptions. He has led the Irish to road victories over North Carolina and BYU. The Orange are tied for sixth nationally in scoring defense, allowing 15.14 points per game.
Notre Dame: Tight end Michael Mayer has 44 catches for 526 yards — an average of 12 yards per catch — and six touchdowns, half of Pyne's scoring tosses. He's also a threat to run.
Syracuse: Running back Sean Tucker was underused in the loss at Clemson, getting just four touches in the second half. Orange coach Dino Babers says that won't happen again. Tucker is averaging 5.4 yards per carry and 99.7 per game. Against Clemson, he had a season-low five carries for 54 yards, and he averages over 18 carries a game.
Syracuse has scored on 28 of 30 opportunities in the red zone. ... Notre Dame is 169-65-3 (.719) all-time against the ACC. ... Tucker has 2,820 yards rushing in his career and needs 50 more to move past James Mungro into fifth place on the school list. ...Notre Dame has been whistled for just 30 penalties this season, sixth fewest in the country, while the Orange have drawn 67 flags, 127th nationally.
More AP college football: https://apnews.com/hub/college-football and https://twitter.com/AP_Top25. Sign up for the AP's college football newsletter: https://apnews.com/cfbtop25


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If you read Greg St. Cyr's letter in this issue, hopefully you were encouraged not to take the summer off spiritually. The warmer months are a great time to not only invest in your walk with Jesus, but also in those around you. From Grace Bombs to yard sales, there are countless ways to live on mission this summer both at home and on vacation.
1. Meet Your Neighbors. If there are 440,000 people in Anne Arundel County and 29,000 people in Talbot County who don't yet know Jesus, then the odds are good that about 80 percent of your neighbors need to hear the gospel. Do something intentional this summer to get to know them: set a playdate for your kids and spend time with the parents, invite a family over for dinner, or better yet, invite the whole neighborhood to join you for a barbecue.
2. Drop A Grace Bomb. Random acts of kindness and generosity are a simple yet effective way to love people. When you cross the Bay Bridge to head to the beach, pay the toll for the guy behind you. While you're outside cutting your grass, cut your neighbor's grass too. Leave big tips. Bring a friend lunch. Change someone's tire.
3. Support A Missionary. It may be too late to join a summer short term mission team, but it's not too late to join in the work they'll be doing over the next few months. Serve the nations this summer by financially supporting someone you know who is going on a mission trip, and commit to praying for their team as they prepare and take the gospel to the nations.
4. Broaden Your Circle. In the context of sharing the gospel, we often talk about people of peace – individuals who are friendly toward us and are open to having spiritual conversations with us. If you can't think of at least a handful of persons of peace in your life, then commit to finding some this summer by broadening your social circles. You can meet new people by joining a rec sports team, taking a class at community college, starting a golfing foursome or taking up a new hobby like paddleboarding.
5. Bring Up The J Word. The most important thing you can ever do for a person is tell them about Jesus. Don't be afraid to start a spiritual conversation with the person sitting next to you at the pool, a parent on your kid's team, or a stranger at a baseball game that has dragged into 14 innings. Remember, you're only responsible for sharing the good news; the results are up to God. Don't feel equipped? Download our Share the Gospel resource at bayareacc.org/share.
6. Make Some Money – And Then Give It Away. Summer offers plenty of ways to make a little cash – declutter your house with a yard sale, help your kids develop an entrepreneurial spirit with a lemonade stand, or make your teen get off the sofa to cut grass around the neighborhood. Extra income provides a great opportunity to teach your family to grow in generosity. Once you've made a few bucks, give it away as a family to a local nonprofit, your church or someone you know who's in need.
7. Help Your Kids Understand The Ball Field Is A Mission Field. Many of our kids will go places this summer that take them outside of their usual friend circles, whether it's a little one at soccer camp or a teen working a first job. Teach your kids that they can be ambassadors of Jesus wherever they go this summer through good sportsmanship, praying for people they meet, telling new friends about Jesus, and putting others first.
8. Keep Serving Others. It can be easy to focus on ourselves during the summer as we center our calendars on catching some R&R and feeding our passions and interests. This might mean we have to be even more intentional about serving others than we are during the school year. Fortunately, there's no shortage of opportunities to invest time in other people over the summer: you can coach a little league team, volunteer at a camp or summer program, or even serve in Children's Ministry at church.
9. Be A Spiritual Initiator. Don't let your personal enjoyment of summer quench the Holy Spirit's direction in your life; keep your eyes open to the opportunities around you. Take time to stop and pray with a struggling coworker. Provide a friend with accountability. Be careful not to breeze past someone in need. Start a Bible study with your family that gets everyone into the Word regularly (I'm looking at you in particular, dads).
10. Prioritize Your Spiritual Health. One of the best things you can do for the people around you is ensure that you're in a right relationship with God. Personal time in the Word and prayer are critical to becoming more like Jesus. Commit to reading a chapter of the Bible every day (for more on that, see page 5) – even when you're on vacation – and set a daily prayer rhythm. Continue to worship and sit under the Word every Sunday, and keep meeting with your Missional Community throughout the summer.


text:
Ein Stationsarzt ist ein approbierter Arzt, dem in einem Krankenhaus die Betreuung der Patienten auf einer Bettenstation obliegt. Üblicherweise handelt es sich um einen Assistenzarzt, gelegentlich auch um einen Facharzt mit abgeschlossener Facharztausbildung. Zuweilen sind mehrere Ärzte für die Betreuung einer Station zuständig. Vereinzelt kümmert sich auch ein Stationsarzt um mehrere Stationen einer Fachabteilung. Der Stationsarzt führt die Patientenaufnahme in medizinischer Hinsicht aus, legt die Medikation während des stationären Aufenthalts fest, ordnet unter anderem Blutentnahmen zur Labordiagnostik sowie apparative Diagnostik an und plant Behandlungen. Dabei arbeitet er eng mit dem Pflegefachpersonal der Station zusammen, mit dem er, unter anderem über die Patientenakte, kommuniziert. Zur Verlaufsbeurteilung und Information seiner Patienten führt er Visiten durch. Die direkte Aufsicht wird durch einen Oberarzt ausgeübt, mit dem der Stationsarzt üblicherweise täglich alle Patienten bespricht, zum Beispiel im Rahmen einer gemeinsamen Visite oder Kurvenvisite. Bei Entlassung des Patienten schreibt der Stationsarzt den Arztbrief an den weiterbehandelnden Arzt, in der Regel den Hausarzt.

Heilberuf
Krankenhauswesen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
namespace Gu.Wpf.NumericInput.Demo
{
    using System.Windows.Controls;

    public partial class FormattedTextView : UserControl
    {
        public FormattedTextView()
        {
            this.InitializeComponent();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This post is part of the weekly series Friday Finds featuring news that you may find both valuable and interesting. The topics that I'll be focusing on this week include a security vulnerability in two popular WordPress plugins, award winning websites, a blogger's view of keyword stuffing and infographics about online marketing strategies and social media. As always, please feel free to share your thoughts, concerns and experiences in the comment section. That way, we can all continue to learn from each other.
Remote Code Execution Vulnerability was Disclosed: A security vulnerability that affects two favorite WordPress caching plugins was brought to everyone's attention this week. Both WP Super Cache and W3 Total Cache (W3TC) are at risk of being exploited. This is a very serious vulnerability and at the very least you should make sure that the plugins are updated. Some of the commenters in this article suggest replacing them entirely.
Award-Winning Websites That Inspire Us – This article takes a look at some of the companies that won a Best Website award from the IAC (Internet Advertising Competition) in 2013. The 10 winners that are featured represent: Government, Small Business, Advocacy, Employment (2), Beverages, Travel, Automobiles, Retail and Consumer Goods.
Keyword Stuffing – What's the Limit? – This article was posted a couple of weeks ago but (like many good blog posts) the content will be relevant for a long time. I think it's a good follow-up post to the post I wrote a couple of weeks ago that featured a video of Matt Cutts (the head of webspam at Google) talking about the "Synonym" team at Google.
37 Different Online Marketing Strategies (#infographic) – This one is for those of you who find infographics informative and a nice break from reading long blog posts. If you're the type of person who enjoys infographics, you may also want to check out the Social Media Snapshot Men vs Women infographic that I blogged about this week.
I really like the keyword stuffing article. I do believe that Google is looking at overoptimisation quite strongly at the moment and overusing keywords is not good. But as the article says if you do it naturally it will be OK.
Thanks for posting these links Sheryl.
If you're interested in learning more about keyword stuffing, the post that I linked to below features a video by Matt Cutts where he talks about the Google "Synonym Team".
In my opinion, Mr. Townes has a lot of personal issues, as well as professional, which I was not happy to learn about today. In my humble opinion it would be best to avoid W3TC now and in the future, since the author has such a negative attitude, and appears to believe he is the only person that can understand how his plugin works. The fact is there are plenty of other free plugins out there to solve performance issues for WordPress blogs such as WP Super Cache, and Batcache, just to name a few. Those authors do not have attitudes of supremacy. Although it may seem like W3TC has a ton of features, 95% of those features actually slow down blogs and are loaded with tons of bugs. The old rule "Keep it Simple Stupid" applies to all plugins, most especially W3TC, which is far from simple, and is so complicated no one seems to be able to configure it without problems. Most of those problems are in the plugin itself, but the author has a habit of blaming those problems on the users claiming they don't understand how his plugin works. Users should not have to understand. Good programming makes it easy to use a plugin. It is best to avoid W3TC to avoid problems of every kind imaginable.
One of the hosting vendors that I use, HostGator, recommends WP Super Cache. I have it installed on several client sites but I ran into issues with it on my blog and it won't run on a few other client sites. It sometimes comes down to trial and error. I can commiserate with having an issue with a plugin though!
Regarding Keyword stuffing, i have found that the most natural sounding articles and content are what goes the farthest.
Not only has my research solidly backed this up, but I have statistically proven it to myself throughout the course of time.
Just write good unique quality content and keywords will naturally highlight themselves (not literally on your screen).
I agree with you completely that writing quality content is the most important thing to keep in mind. Plus, I understand exactly what you mean about keywords naturally highlighting themselves! I did notice a significant increase in organic search traffic when I started creating keyword rich headings in my articles. The search engines do pay attention to heading tags and I think it helps to define my posts for my blog readers. It's become a habit for me to write them.
Seems like this past week or two there have been quite a few WordPress security related issues. I hadn't heard about the total cache or super cache issues. I just updated them on two sites. Fingers crossed that it takes care of things for at least a little while.
I hadn't heard about the plugin issue either Ray until Leora mentioned it in a comment that she left for me. When I mentioned wanting to share it, she was kind enough to email me the source. It's not easy keeping up with all the security issues lately let alone installing the updates. Thanks for letting me know that you found that info valuable.
More than a few people have recommended I install a caching plug-in, so I did. Luckily, I could make head nor tails of all the options, and deleted W3TC about 10 minutes after installing it. Then I started to read all of the plug-in reviews after the fact, and am glad I may have avoided catastrophe. I do use a lot of images, and hope I can settle on a fairly user-friendly caching plug-in at some point in the future.
Some of the comments that were left in the article that I linked to mentioned Quick Cache. In my reply to Susan, I mentioned that I just installed it on a client site that I was having issues with. I had never used it before but it was a very simple install and it seems to be running fine. Lots of times, you have to make small modifications to PHP files but I didn't have to do anything special to get it to work on the blog that I installed it to. It might be worth looking into.
Thanks so much. I will give Quick Cache a try.
Hi Sherryl, thanks for including my post in your links. It's been a worrying week with all the WP security issues at large.
Sarah Arrow recently posted..Should you tell your story in your sales page copy?
You're welcome Sarah. I hope some of my readers check out your blog while they're there. (I'm sure they will find other interesting articles that they would enjoy.) It has been a worrisome week for sure. For some reason, I was late reading about the plugin vulnerabilities and Leora Wenger mentioned it in a comment here.
The article on keyword stuffing is spot on and gives us a way to "legally use keywords".
Catarina Alexon recently posted..Do MBAs harm the economy?
I thought the keyword article was written well. It reinforces that we need to use common sense and write good content without obsessing over SEO and the search engines. I'm glad you weren't using either of those plugins. I had used both of them in the past but had long since ditched them.
I can relate Catarina. W3TC totally trashed my design and restoring neither my database nor my complete site would fix it. I ended up having to recreate the entire design. I did learn that I could have exported and imported the settings. (I had assumed that they would have been included in my complete site backup.) Also, I ended up writing post about it that became very popular. So, some good came out of the experience.
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Welcome to the world of blogging! Years ago, people would stuff their pages with keywords in the same color text as the content background. (That way, website visitors would not see the text but the search engines would.) Automobile companies would stuff their pages with keywords from competitive manufacturers. (For example, a search on the word "Buick" may have landed you on a web page for Ford.) Thankfully, Google clamped down on all of that nonsense. For someone today to deliberately stuff their content with keywords sounds like tempting fate to me. They're bound to get caught and penalized at some point.
Sherryl Perry recently posted..Is Organic Search Traffic from Google Important to You?
I got some good information at the blog, Blogging with a Dash of Social Media. Appreciate the link you provided.
Thanks for letting me know that you found the link helpful Glynis.
There are some great sites on that list, but I find it kind of silly that one of the takeaways for the Coors site is the birth date pseudo verification thing, as if that's ever stopped anyone from viewing a site. I've never met anyone who didn't realize you could just put in whatever year you wanted.
I do like the UPS Store one, though. So many brick and mortar businesses don't seem to realize that there's a pretty high chance that visitors have come to their site looking for directions or store hours.
There are some great examples here. I honestly had never heard of the IAC awards before. As for Coors, I'm sure the age verification app is simply there to comply with the law. I agree with you that there were better takeaways from that site.
I'm glad you liked the infographic. Some of them can be a lot of "fluff" but Sarah did a great job on this one.
The infographic is concise and relevant. It does give a better understanding of the different marketing strategies to tap.
Thanks for letting me know that you found that infographic helpful. A lot of people don't like infographics but personally, I like a lot of them.
Thanks for the article about the plugins. My webmaster discovered a problem with W3Total Cache this week and disabled it. I didn't know it was a security breach.
That's great that you webmaster keeps on top of these issues. Do you know what he replaced it with?
I was reading other articles and this article about the caching plugins and I am confused. I only installed W3TC a few weeks ago. Some people say just delete it, others say use other plugins, others say just make sure it is updated. So for some of us it is difficult to know what to do. What do you suggest?
It turns out that other people have had issues with W3TC too and I've seen my share of issues with sites and WP Super Cache. The problem is that there are so many variables on each of our sites that there really isn't a one-size-fits all solution.
I asked a blogger who I believe is an expert on Thesis for his recommendation and he suggested Hyper Cache. I've been using that for about 5 months now and so far, I haven't run into any issues. On the other hand, I installed Hyper Cache on a client site today (not on the Thesis theme) and although I modified the wp-config.php file exactly like I always do, I kept running into PHP errors and had to remove it. I ended up installing Quick Cache (which I've never used before) and so far, it seems to be running fine.
If I were you, I'd ask around to see what other people who use Headway as their theme are using for caching. Then again, introduce one plugin that's different from theirs and it could be a different outcome.
Hi Sherryl! I am aware of keyword stuffing and lately I'm receiving guest posts or seeing other articles on the web that they are keyword stuffed! I can see that still many writers overdo it and that's the result of trying to "optimize" the article for SEO which that completely ruins it! My advice? Keep it simple! Thanks for sharing!
I totally agree with you. Bloggers need to stop writing for the search engines and return to writing for our readers. I'm not suggesting that we ignore SEO. I do think that we should be cognizant of it and keep it in the back of our minds. I truly believe that good SEO habits can be formed. To me, the best habit that I got into was to keep a document where I jot down the tags and keywords that an article is about. I don't do this to make sure I use them, I actually write my article first and then identify the keywords that I used. That way, it's a natural flow of my thoughts rather than contrived text.
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Gov. Gavin Newsom selects new senator and secretary of state
California Gov. Gavin Newsom selected Secretary of State Alex Padilla to fill the United States Senate seat being vacated by Vice President-elect Kamala Harris.
Newsom then selected Assemblywoman Shirley Weber to replace Padilla as California's secretary of state. Padilla will become California's first-ever Latino senator, while Weber will become the first black California secretary of state.
"His appointment will make history," Newsom said of Padilla in a tweet. "But the Alex Padilla I know is far more interested in changing history — especially for the working men and women of our state and country."
A son of Mexican immigrants who once worked as a cook and a house cleaner, Padilla previously served as a Los Angeles city councilman and state senator. Padilla has twice been elected as California's Secretary of State.
Padilla is a longtime friend and supporter of Newsom.
Weber, who represents a district in the San Diego area, was elected to the Assembly in Nov. 2012. She chairs the Assembly Budget Subcommittee on Public Safety and the California Legislative Black Caucus.
Shirley Weber
Newsom described Weber as a "fearless advocate with unimpeachable integrity and moral clarity."
"The daughter of sharecroppers from Arkansas, Dr. Weber's father didn't get to vote until his 30s and her grandfather never got to vote because he died before the Voting Rights Act passed in 1965," Newsom said in a statement. "When her family moved to South Central Los Angeles, she saw as a child her parents rearrange furniture in their living room to serve as a local polling site for multiple elections. Now, she'll be at the helm of California's elections as the next Secretary of State — defending and expanding the right to vote and serving as the first African American to be California's chief elections officer."
It is expected that Newsom will have to appoint a new state attorney general, as well. President-elect Joe Biden has selected California Attorney General Xavier Becerra to serve as secretary of health and human services in his administration. Becerra's appointment to the Biden administration post requires Senate confirmation.
The amount of appointment power Newsom is currently enjoying is considered to be a first for a California governor in about seven decades or more.
5 fabulous last minute Christmas gifts available in SLO County
SLO County coronavirus cases continue to soar
HorseNutz
Who cares about their race? Are they competent? That should be the real story here. Sadly if they are being appointed by Newsom that may be in question.
Adam Trask
The "first-ever Latino senator" in California history. I guess it's about time, considering California was a Spanish speaking area long before the U.S. Constitution even mentioned senators. I would also posit that California's initial economic successes, on the back of its agricultural output, was largely made possible by Latinos. Mr. Padilla is also a MIT graduate, and while his admittance may have been part of an affirmative action program, his diploma certainly was not.
kevin rise
NPR did a good job discussing his success in America as a true citizen as a child of immigrants. He is a success story, truly. The incoming admin is still of old, outdated, industrialist ideology, but with much hope. Like Indigenous Native Representative Haaland in his cabinet too. Finally, proper American representation, not just a bunch of Anglo Billionaires. Ca truly needs ALOT of Hispanic representation as this was their Ancestral home pre Spanish Conquistador and the Chumash. Really we should have a Chumash dictating most everything I feel, especially Land Management and eradicating poverty, as they had NONE. I'm quoting alot of DR K from Cuesta College, hes a very odd, complicated handsome, open minded, mountain biking stud muffin Conservative I'd take to Olive Garden, and he'd accept my Marxist offer, were all friends here, we all have family, etc. Happy holidays, Merry Christmas CCN neighbors who see me when they need but will never know me, only in heinsight. <3 <3 <3 xoxoxo
For race to be unimportant and we're all the same, they sure make hay out of what race the new position holders are.
MrYan
Couldn't "they" notch one or two of these jobs on their belt before you complain about all the hay being made about them?
We may get closer to all be the same as you say when we run out of these "firsts" to check off.
The 251st Latino to take a job isn't noteworthy or deserving of hay, but the first few are. Maybe not to you, but to others they are. It is a simple concept to understand—a logical inference that most easily grasp.
I don't doubt your intelligence, so why pretend you don't get it? Do you need to take back some of that "hay" .. "joy"? Have you ever thought why?
I'd like to know it either of them are left handed, you it's all about checking the boxes. That said, even though I do not follow LA politics, I'd guess that Padilla understands work ethics, a hand up but not a hand out. Usually immigrants have no empathy for the complaining lazy Americans.
I think you mean Lazy Billionaires milking the proletariat, sending us to war, and exploiting immigrant labor. Americans are not lazy, but the Rich are. And agree, most if all immigrants work jobs many wont, long hours, and low pay. Now well start to issue more green cards for Ag jobs, path to citizenship and new tax payers. Slo county used to have federal oversight for Ag, but the lazy Rich Ag owners didnt like getting fines, The Democrats got rid of them, not Republicans, odd huh. And peoples hatred for Gavin, aside from his wealth, are the same folks who hate masks and basic hygiene; freedom threat!, and think microchips are in vaccines…
What we need is to find someone to replace Newsom.
commonsenseguy
That's coming. Can you say "Recall"? They have extended the opportunity to sign the recall petition for this nut until March of 2021.
Would you rather Newsom be up there, next in line to Joe?


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In The News...
Beatlemania Now coming to The Carolina Opry Theater February 3
Beatlemania Now will perform at The Carolina Opry Theater on Sunday, February 3, 2019 at 6pm as part of Calvin Gilmore's Myrtle Beach Performing Arts Series.
Recapture the excitement, the mood and the frantic intensity as Beatlemania Now performs live-on-stage, against a backdrop of stunning images which evoke memories of some of the most turbulent decades of modern times…the 60's and 70's! A "must see" experience for all ages, featuring the legendary music of the Beatles, transcending time and generations.
Phil Roura of The New York Daily News calls Beatlemania Now show "A Fab Force" and says, "Every now and then a show comes along that doesn't just entertain but has a sense of history. That's exactly what you'll get at Beatlemania Now, A tribute to the The Fab Four…"
Audiences are taken back to those iconic musical decades as timeless songs like "She Loves You", "Yesterday" and "Strawberry Fields Forever" are played. It's an exhilarating performance that will have you singing along, dancing in the aisles and experiencing emotions you thought were long forgotten.
Beatlemania Now will be live at The Carolina Opry Theater, for one night only, on February 3, 2019 at 6:00pm. Tickets are on sale now. To buy tickets click the button below, call 800-843-6779, or visit www.TheCarolinaOpry.com.
More Information about Calvin Gilmore and Gilmore Entertainment
Gilmore Entertainment and The Carolina Opry Theater have long been the leader of musical variety show entertainment in the Southeast, with the classic Carolina Opry Show, retro Time Warp, Thunder & Light, the all new Pure Magic and The Carolina Opry Christmas Special. Gilmore and his shows have been featured by USA Today, NBC Nightly News, Southern Living Magazine, Variety, and a host of other newspapers and television shows. It is the only Myrtle Beach show to receive the coveted South Carolina Governor's Cup, as well as being voted South Carolina's Most Outstanding Attraction. In recent years, Gilmore has performed regularly on the Grand Ole Opry in Nashville, and he is designated as South Carolina's Official Country Music Ambassador.
Click for More Info!


text:
Q: How to select a column name using Linq I am stuck in a situation where my logic needs some improvement, which i am trying to do.
The situation is we all know how to update the specific detail of column like this.
Person result = (from p in Context.Persons
          where p.person_id == 5
          select p).SingleOrDefault();

result.is_default = false;

Context.SaveChanges();

Okay, all good !
Now let's say I have a value in session is_default i.e the column name of the table.
How can I update the column using that value like so:
update table name set "Session value" = true

Here the session value is is_default which is the column name of the table. Is this possible using EF , LINQ .

A: you can use the concept of reflection for this as given below
Person result = (from p in Context.Persons
          where p.person_id == 5
          select p).SingleOrDefault();

PropertyInfo propertyInfo = result.GetType().GetProperty("Session value");
propertyInfo.SetValue(result , true, null);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package org.fiware.apps.marketplace.exceptions;

/**
 * To be thrown when a user is not found in the database
 * @author aitor
 *
 */
public class UserNotFoundException extends Exception {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	public UserNotFoundException(String message) {
		super(message);
	}

}


Synthesis of rigid polyaromatic dialdehydes.
Synthetic Communications 35 (2): 161-167, 2005.
Neurosteroid analogues: Synthesis of 6-aza-allopregnanolone.
Tetrahedron 61 (9): 2269-2278, 2005.
New heterocyclic derivatives of 2-amino-1,6-anhydro-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranose containing 1,4-oxazepane or azepane ring.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (4): 466-478, 2005.
Synthesis, reactions, conformation analysis, and NMR spectra of 5,10-epoxy-5ξ,10ξ-estrane-3,17-diones.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (4): 507-518, 2005.
Oxytocin and its analogs, methyl-substituted in ortho-, meta- or para-position of aromatic ring of phenylalanine in position 2: NMR study and biological activities.
Protein and Peptide Letters 12 (4): 343-347, 2005.
Interpenetrating chiral 2D grid nets: Hetero- versus homochiral 3D polycatenation in the crystal self-assembly of (RS)- and (R)-1,1'- binaphthalene-2,2',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acids.
Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-phenylpropanoyl isocyanates and their use as reactive analogues of Mosher's acid.
Chirality 17 (7): 378-387, 2005.
Synthesis and utilization of 13C and 15N backbone-labeled proline: NMR study of synthesized oxytocin with backbone-labeled C-terminal tripeptide amide.
Amino Acids 29 (2): 151-160, 2005.
Etienic etienate as synthon for the synthesis of steroid oligoester gelators.
Steroids 70 (9): 615-625, 2005.
Contribution to the stereoselective synthesis of (3' S)-3′-isothiocyanato-3'- C-vinyl-3'-deoxyuridine and its derivatives.
Chemical Papers 59 (2): 113-116, 2005.
Antimutagenic constituents from the thorns of Gleditsia sinensis.
Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 53 (5): 561-564, 2005.
NMR structure determination of (11E)-trinervita-1(14),2,11-triene, a new diterpene from sexual glands of termites.
Tetrahedron 61 (45): 10699-10704, 2005.
Synthesis of 1,6-anhydro-β-D-hexopyranoses fused to the piperidine ring.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (9): 1429-1446, 2005.
The Journal of the American Chemical Society 127 (48): 17079-17089, 2005.
Synthesis of racemic 9-(6- and 2,6-substituted 9H-purin-9-yl)-5-oxatricyclo[4.2.1.03,7]nonane-3-methanols, novel conformationally locked carbocyclic nucleosides.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (1): 103-123, 2005.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (4): 519-538, 2005.
Synthesis of 9-alkyl and 9-heteroalkyl substituted 2-amino-6-guanidinopurines and their influence on the NO-production in macrophages.
Bioorganic & Medical Chemistry 13 (8): 2917-2926, 2005.
Bioorganic & Medical Chemistry 13 (7): 2349-2354, 2005.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (2): 247-257, 2005.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (12): 2053-2065, 2005.
Synthesis of some N4-substituted derivatives of 1-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]cytosine and its diisopropyl esters as a model reaction for the synthesis of N4-substituted derivatives of Cidofovir.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (12): 2066-2074, 2005.
Nucleosides Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids 24 (5-7): 805-808, 2005.
Synthesis of 2-substituted 6-(hydroxymethyl)purine bases and nucleosides.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (10): 1669-1695, 2005.
A new modular and practical methodology for the synthesis of 4- or 3- substituted phenyl C-nucleosides.
European Journal of Organic Chemistry (21): 4525-4528, 2005.
Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 70 (9): 1465-1481, 2005.
Synthesis of enantiomerically pure (purin-6-yl)phenylalanines and their nucleosides, a novel type of purine-amino acid conjugates.
The Journal of Organic Chemistry 70 (20): 8001–8008, 2005.
Cytostatic 6-arylpurine nucleosides. 6. SAR in anti-HCV and cytostatic activity of extended series of 6-hetarylpurine ribonucleosides.
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 48 (18): 5869-5873, 2005.
The first synthesis and cytostatic activity of novel 6-(fluoromethyl)purine bases and nucleosides.
Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3 (16): 3001–3007, 2005.
Highly methylated purines and purinium salts as analogues of heteromines.
European Journal of Organic Chemistry (14): 3026–3030, 2005.
Organic Letters 7 (13): 2547-2550, 2005.
Enentioselective properties of induced lipases from Geotrichum.
Enzyme and Microbial Technology 37 (5): 481-486, 2005.
Synthesis of the (1R,2S)-stereoisomers of the respective E- and Z-isomers of ethyl 4-[(2-hydroxycyclohexyl)methyl]phenoxy-3-methyl-2-butenoate using yeast whole cell bioreduction of the parent ketones.
Tetrahedron: Assymetry 16 (16): 2810-2815, 2005.
A convenient access to thermodynamically nonstabilised spiroketal isomers: the first synthesis of (Z)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane.
Tetrahedron Letters 46 (46): 7923-7926, 2005.


A mechanical name derived from 'gears'. Possible uses: An outdoor equipment brand. A manufacturing plant. A cycling brand. An app.
The following are business names for sale with similar qualities to Gearsly.com.


text:
Home > About SAIF
SAIF Executive
President's Charity
Dementia and SAIF
SAIF was established in 1989 and represents more than 900 privately owned, independent funeral homes across the UK.
We work hard within the profession to promote best practice and protect the interests of our members and their local communities.
Along with representing the views of our members at a national and local level we also provide training and education programmes to ensure they continue to meet the highest of standards.
By choosing a SAIF member, bereaved families can be assured of a compassionate, professional approach, under pinned by our industry leading Code of Practice.
SAIF Privacy Policy
SAIF Online Privacy Policy
SAIF Recruitment Privacy Policy: Recruitment Privacy Notice


You can expect a lot from the 2019 The BMW 530i This 4 door, 5 passenger sedan still has fewer than 5,000 miles! Under the hood you'll find a 4 cylinder engine with more than 200 horsepower, and for added security, dynamic Stability Control supplements the drivetrain. All wheel drive keeps this model firmly attached to the road surface. Turbocharger technology provides forced air induction, enhancing performance while preserving fuel economy. All of the premium features expected of a BMW are offered, including: power front seats, a trip computer, front dual-zone air conditioning, rain sensing wipers, power windows, cruise control, and the power moon roof opens up the cabin to the natural environment. BMW ensures the safety and security of its passengers with equipment such as: dual front impact airbags with occupant sensing airbag, front side impact airbags, traction control, brake assist, a panic alarm, an emergency communication system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. This car was designed with safety in mind, allowing you to drive with even greater assurance. We pride ourselves in the quality that we offer on all of our vehicles. Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information.


text:
Classic Cars / Chevrolet / Chevrolet SS
Chevrolet SS - car classics
Want to buy Chevrolet SS?
Used Chevrolet SS Cars
Because of the simple design of the Chevy II is often regarded as a vehicle for walks older people. This changed when the Chevrolet put the V-shaped eight-cylinder engine L79 with Corvette the volume of a 5.7 liter in the model SS 1966 issue. Model SS had low weight and could easily compete with the best В«strong machinesВ», though it looked more power than any other, it is issued only trade marks. She relied on the drum brakes, which could become dangerous when used at maximum speed, and the fluctuations of the automobile wheel in the vertical plane have been a problem when accelerating from a simple leaf springs at the rear. Used a four-step manual gearbox, which was easy to let go a quarter of a mile in 14 seconds, while the mechanical transmission, soon changed automatically. In the model stood base engine L-30 capacity of 205 kW, which was produced in two times longer than the L-29, the last is of more interest to collectors.
5 km/l
Other names of this model: Chevrolet II SS, Chevrolet SS 1967, Chevrolet SS 1969, Chevrolet SS 1970
Latest Chevrolet SS listings offered via internet auctions:
2003 Chevrolet SSR
2017 Chevrolet SS --
2004 Chevrolet SSR 2004 Chevy SSR LS Convertible Pickup 2D
Other Chevrolet models from our catalogue:
Chevrolet 454SS
Chevrolet Bel Air 1957
Chevrolet Bel Air 409
Chevrolet C10
Chevrolet Camaro SS 1967
Chevrolet Camaro Z28 1992
Chevrolet Camaro ZL1
Chevrolet Chevelle SS 1970
Chevrolet Corvette Grand Sport
Chevrolet Corvette ZR1
Chevrolet Coupe
Chevrolet El Camino SS
Chevrolet Impala 1958
Chevrolet Nova SS
Chevrolet Task Force
We are grateful to all, who will leave his opinion, the withdrawal or addition to our description of the Chevrolet SS.


text:
Reggie Fullwood
Urban Traveler
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HomeEntertainmentFox Fights Record Label to Keep 'Empire' TV Series Title
Fox Fights Record Label to Keep 'Empire' TV Series Title
January 8, 2016 Staff Entertainment 0
Guest star Andre Royo, Jussie Smollette, Terrence Howard and Trai Byers in the "Et Tu, Brute?" fall finale episode of EMPIRE airing Dec. 2 2015 on FOX. CHUCK HODES/FOX
By Eriq Gardner, billboard.com
Empire is the television equivalent of Genghis Khan, but Twentieth Century Fox Television has a little legal problem by way of a record label, Empire Distribution, asserting trademark rights.
This record label, which has worked with such hip-hop stars as Kendrick Lamar, Snoop Dogg and Sage the Gemini, has demanded millions of dollars for trademark infringement and tarnishment, and in the absence of a license, is seeking a court-ordered injunction to prevent Fox from using "Empire" as the title of its hip-hop drama with accompanying soundtracks.
On Tuesday, Fox submitted a motion for summary judgment (read here) that's largely premised on the argument that the series title has artistic relevance and isn't misleading.
If Fox prevails on the argument, it will want to tip Lucious Lyon's hat to Italian film maestro Federico Fellini, who in 1986 came out with a film titled Ginger and Fred, which prompted a lawsuit from Ginger Rogers. In that case, Rogers v. Grimaldi, the court's conclusion was to protect expressive works like films and television shows from Lanham Act claims unless artistic relevance was dubious and a title was explicitly deceptive. Judges around the nation have been using this standard ever since.
And so, Fox argues, "Rogers controls here, as Empire and the Soundtracks that advance its plot are archetypal expressive works protected by the First Amendment, with 'Empire' describing both the show's setting (New York, the 'Empire State') and subject (the fight for control over 'Empire Enterprises,' a figurative entertainment empire).
Discussing the second prong of the Rogers test, Fox points out that the show doesn't say anything about its legal adversary nor has there been any suggestion of consumers being misled as to the source of the series or its soundtracks. "This begins and ends the analysis," states Fox's motion, authored by attorney Daniel Petrocelli.
Fox is also contending with claims of diluting the record label's trademark and committing unfair competition. According to court papers filed by Empire Distribution, some of the label's artists have been walking in the same radio promotional path as Fox's Empire artists, while other musicians like Shaggy have been mixing up logos on social media.
Fox is attempting to rebut these secondary claims by emphasizing the difference between commercial and expressive speech as well as the relatedness of the goods being offered to the public. For example, on the latter point, Empire Distribution doesn't produce broadcast television programming, and as far as consumers potentially getting mixed up about musical albums for sale, Fox posits that consumers "do not take into account record labels when making their purchasing decisions."
Separately, there's also an attack on Empire Distribution for a "weak mark in a crowded field," (other producers in the entertainment space have used "Empire" to title works). As for the marks, it is Fox's view that "Empire Distribution" and "Empire Recordings" is not famous enough to be tarnished. Fox tells a judge, "'Empire Distribution' is not 'COACH,' much less 'KODAK' or 'COKE.' "
Don't be fooled. Fox is certainly taking this case extremely seriously. If the summary judgment motion itself doesn't demonstrate it, the hundreds of pages in declarations and exhibits (some examples) certainly testify to the fact that the network has spared no expense here to keep the title of its hit series. It certainly does not come cheap at all to hire marketing experts to conduct field surveys about where consumers are sourcing the origins of Empire. In fact, trademark cases like this one present nice opportunities to peek into how conscious consumers are about the entertainment companies behind the works being enjoyed. As seen by the table below, hardly anyone is sourcing Fox's hip-hop drama to Empire Distribution, although one person who answered "Empire," according to the court papers, explained, "I'm not sure, but it seems like a joint venture between a major broadcaster and a record company in order to try to sell more singles and boost viewership, similar to Glee and Nashville."
This article originally appeared in THR.com.
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