text:
Colpothrinax ist eine in Zentralamerika und auf Kuba heimische Palmengattung.

Merkmale
Die Vertreter sind mäßig große, solitäre, zwittrige, mehrmals blühende baumförmige Fächerpalmen. Der Stamm ist aufrecht und zunächst mit den faserigen Blattscheiden bedeckt, später dann frei. Der Stamm ist bei Colpothrinax cookii säulenförmig, bei Colpothrinax wrightii stark bauchig.

Die Chromosomenzahl ist unbekannt.

Blätter
Die Blätter sind induplicat gefaltet und kurz costapalmat. Die Blattscheide zerfasert in ein grobes, faseriges Netzwerk oder in lange, feine, hängende Fasern. Der Blattstiel ist lang, an der Oberseite flach oder leicht gefurcht, an der Unterseite abgerundet. Die Stielränder sind spitz und dicht beschuppt. Die adaxiale Hastula ist deutlich entwickelt, dreieckig oder unregelmäßig gelappt. Die abaxiale Hastula fehlt.

Die Blattspreite ist kreisförmig, und unregelmäßig, manchmal bis über die Hälfte in linealische, einfach gefaltete Segmente geteilt. Die Segmente sind kurz bifid an der Spitze, dick, an der Oberseite kahl und wachsüberzogen, außer an entlang der Rippen, die beschuppt sind. Die Unterseite ist dicht mit kleinen Schuppen besetzt.

Blütenstände
Die Blütenstände stehen einzeln zwischen den Blättern (interfoliar), es sind mehrere gleichzeitig vorhanden. Sie sind kürzer als die Blätter und bis zu vierfach verzweigt. Der Blütenstandsstiel ist lang und im Querschnitt rund. Er ist von überlappenden Hochblättern eingeschlossen und dicht behaart. Das Vorblatt ist kurz, röhrig, seitlich zweikielig und reißt apikal auf. Es sind vier bis neun Hochblätter am Blütenstandsstiel vorhanden. Sie sind röhrig, einkielig und reißen apikal auf. Die Blütenstandsachse ist etwa gleich lang wie der Stiel und ebenso behaart. Es gibt mehrere (meist 4 bis 7) Hochblätter, die denen am Stiel gleichen.

Die Seitenachsen erster Ordnung haben ein auffälliges, etwas aufgeblasenes, braun behaartes zweikieliges Vorblatt und ein ähnliches leeres Hochblatt. Die folgenden Hochblätter sind häutig, dreieckig, sehr klein. Die blütentragenden Achsen (Rachillae) sind abstehend, dicht behaart oder kahl und tragen in spiraliger Anordnung kleine Hochblätter, die jede einzelne, sitzende Blüte tragen.

Blüten
Die Blüten sind zwittrig. Der Kelch ist becherförmig, fleischig und trägt drei kurze Spitzen. Die Krone überragt den Kelch deutlich, ist fleischig, an der Basis röhrig und weiter oben in drei längliche valvate Zipfel geteilt. Diese bilden ein zur Blüte abfallende Kappe. Die Krone kann auch kürzer als der Kelch sein; dann schließen sie den Staubblätter in der Knospe nicht ein und fallen zur Blüte nicht ab. Es sind sechs Staubblätter vorhanden. Ihre Filamente sind an der Basis zu einem epipetalen Becher verwachsen, sind mit der Kronröhre verbunden und gleich lang oder etwas länger als diese. Die freien Filamentteile sind an der Basis breit und dann stark verschmälert. Die Antheren sind länglich, dorsifix nahe der Basis. Die Konnektive sind sehr schmal.

Es gibt drei Fruchtblätter, die im Bereich des Fruchtknotens frei sind, im Bereich des länglichen Griffels verwachsen. Die Narbe ist punktförmig. Die Samenanlage sitzt basal, ist aufrecht und anatrop.

Der Pollen ist ellipsoidisch und meist leicht asymmetrisch. Die Keimöffnung ist ein distaler Sulcus.

Früchte und Samen
Die Frucht ist kugelig und entwickelt sich meist aus einem Fruchtblatt. Sie trägt apikal Narbenreste sowie die Reste der abortiven Fruchtblätter. Die Blütenhülle verbleibt an der Frucht. Das Exokarp ist dünn und glatt, das Mesokarp ist fleischig mit anastomosierenden Fasern, die am krustenartigen Endokarp anliegen. Der Samen ist ungefähr kugelig, nicht mit dem Endokarp verbunden, außer im Bereich des kleinen, basalen Nabels (Hilum). Die Raphe ist so lang wie der Same, eher breit und ohne Verzweigungen. Das Endosperm ist homogen.

Systematik und Verbreitung
Die Gattung Colpothrinax  wird innerhalb der Familie Arecaceae in die Unterfamilie Coryphoideae, Tribus Trachycarpeae gestellt, hier jedoch keiner Subtribus zugeordnet (incertae sedis). Die Monophylie der Gattung wurde noch nicht untersucht.

In der World Checklist of Selected Plant Families der Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, werden folgende Arten anerkannt:
 Colpothrinax aphanopetala : in Nicaragua, Costa Rica und Panama; in feuchten Regenwäldern der vormontanen und unteren montanen Stufe bis 1600 m.
 Colpothrinax cookii : in Belize, Guatemala und Honduras; Standorte wie C. aphanopetala.
 Colpothrinax wrightii : endemisch auf Kuba, meist in halbtrockenen Savannen und Grasländern.

Colpothrinax wurde von August Grisebach und Hermann Wendland 1879 erstbeschrieben, Typusart ist Colpothrinax wrightii. Der Gattungsname leitet sich vom griechischen kolpos Schwellung und dem Gattungsnamen Thrinax ab, und bezieht sich auf den verdickten Stamm der Typusart.

Belege
 John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Zweite Auflage, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2, S. 278–280.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Palmengewächse
Arecaceae


The country does not currently commercially produce oil, gas or minerals, although international companies are exploring for petroleum offshore. A commercially viable discovery could have a significant impact on a country with a population of around 90,000 and an economy dominated by tourism and fisheries. EITI reporting can provide insights to management of the nascent oil sector in the Seychelles including information on environmental risks associated to offshore oil exploration and production.
The Ministry of Finance, Trade and the Blue Economy is responsible for the oil and gas sector. The Ministry also has oversight of the parastatal company PetroSeychelles, which is responsible for regulating the upstream petroleum sector and overseeing exploration activities. Based on preliminary exploration data, PetroSeychelles has revised its model petroleum agreement, including the fiscal regime.
The Seychelles Revenue Commission collects and accounts for revenues, including from the extractive sector. While the Seychelles Petroleum (Taxation) Act defines the Petroleum Income Tax (PIT), the model petroleum agreement defines the tax base and the allowable deductions and expenditure from the tax base.
Oil and gas exploration and production licenses are awarded on the basis of competitive tender. Only exploration licenses have been awarded to date.An updated map of active permits has been published on the website of PetroSeychelles.
Seychelles requested reporting companies to disclose beneficial ownership in its 2015/16 EITI Report published in January 2018 although there are no obligations or restrictions on the disclosure of beneficial ownership information by the Government, state-owned enterprises and private companies under the current Petroleum Legislation.
Seychelles is fully committed to ensuring the highest degree of transparency in the management of any potential oil discovery.
Mineral production for the period 2015/16 only covered quarried stones minerals,with the total for 2015 being 401,096 tons and total for 2016 being 416,091tons.The oil and gas sector is still at the exploration stage and there is no oil production during the reconciliation period.
Seychelles comprises 115 islands spread over 1.4 million sq. km in the western Indian Ocean, covering only 455 sq. km in land area. In 2012, the US Geological Service conducted an assessment of oil and gas resources along the coast of East Africa between Tanzania, Mozambique and Seychelles, yielding encouraging results. In 2013 Seychelles and Mauritius established a Joint Management Zone.
Oil N/A Prospecting offshore is ongoing.
The latest EITI disclosures show that Seychelles received total revenues received from the extractive sector amounted to SCR 24,590,036.34 and SCR 11,534,242.55 in FY 2015 and FY2016 respectively.Two companies accounted for three quarters of these revenues. The Seychelles Revenue Commission (SRC) is the main body responsible for collecting taxes paid to central government, while the Ministry of Finance, Trade and the Blue Economy (MFTBE) manages various application and rental fees levied by PetroSeychelles.
All revenues flow through the central budget before allocation to government agencies and ministries. There is no fiscal devolution in Seychelles.
The extractive sector in Seychelles is still nascent, and the social and economic contribution to the sector is minor (less than 1% of GDP, exports and employment).
The 2013 and 2014 EITI Reports provide the first comprehensive description of the nascent oil and gas sector in Seychelles.
On the basis of preliminary geological data, the Seychelles Government has revised its petroleum legislation, including the fiscal regime, and Model Petroleum Agreement.
PetroSeychelles, the national oil company, has implemented an "Open Filing" procedure for accepting applications for petroleum concessions.
Seychelles EITI is currently updating its work plan, which includes plans for developing a three-year beneficial ownership roadmap and assessing options for embedding EITI reporting in government systems. Seychelles EITI is also considering including relevant aspects to EITI reporting such as assessing the environmental impacts of the sector and designing a revenue management mechanism.
Seychelles has been an EITI Candidate since August 2014. The government issued a press release on 19 June 2013 announcing its intention to apply for EITI Candidature and reiterated this commitment in the 2014 Budget speech on 10 December 2013. The multi-stakeholder group, chaired by HE Patrick Payet, Principal Secretary for Finance, adopted its ToR on 15 May 2014 with 2.5 year term limits renewable two years.
Seychelles' Validation against the Standard commenced on 1 January 2018. The country was found to have made meaningful progress in implementing the EITI Standard on 1 October 2018. The second Validation will commence on 1 April 2020.
This EITI Report covers Seychelles' extractive sector in 2015 and 2016. It was published in January 2018.
This is the Seychelles EITI 2016 Annual Progress Report (in accordance with Requirements 7.4. and 8.4.) The report assesses progress made by the country against the EITI requirements, and reviews the outcomes and impact of EITI implementation on natural resource governance.
This is the Seychelles EITI 2014-2016 work plan (in accordance with Requirement 1.5).


Yeah, I like newsgroups a lot better, because they're interactive. I'm too old to think talking to yourself in public is normal. But "young folks nowadays" aren't hanging in newsgroups any more and even I can see that the blog thing isn't going to go away. So here goes . . .
I've already put most of what I've learned over 8 years of contending with medical imbecility relative to Diabetes on my web site, "What they Don't Tell You about Diabetes". What I'm going to do here is comment from time to time on the latest media blither about diabetes and, where possible, shed some light on what the press releases might have left out. Some of it could save your life.
Beside that, well, it's a blog. So there needs to be some self-indugent ruminations. Right? So I'll post about about my own battle to keep control, which by now involves depressing amounts of dietary regulation, insulin, and do-it-yourself doctoring, since the kind of Diabetes I have turns out to be something that only a small group of specialists in the UK seem to know anything about: MODY.
Brief explanation : MODY have genetic bizarrities that mean they go completely out of control unless they use tiny doses of insulin or sulfonylurea drugs--doses the size of what you'd give the average diabetic house cat. MODYs are also rare, so you can run into endos (as I have) who have never had a patient with one before and think you are simply a nutter when you tell them that you hypoed on 6 units of Lantus--until they see the nonfasting glucose test where you went over 200 mg/dl with a full load of metformin and show normal C-peptide levels. Then show them how 4 units of basal dropped your fasting glucose 20 mg/dl and they move you from the "nuts" to "wierd" category, which, believe it or not, is an improvement.
So I'll post a bit about what it takes to keep my blood sugar in control and how MODY works. Every couple weeks I seem to learn something new about it, and if I can pass it on, well that seems worth doing!


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Rising temperatures further threaten already endangered African wild dogs
by Jansen Baier on 20 July 2021
Researchers examined three populations of African wild dogs in Botswana, Kenya and Zimbabwe to understand if high heat correlates with increased mortality.
In two out of the three sites, there was a strong relationship between extreme temperatures and increased mortality, with intentional human killings, snare traps, road fatalities, and disease transmission from domesticated dogs responsible for 44% of the deaths.
The researchers say high heat is pushing both wild dogs and pastoralists out of their typical grounds, creating a higher likelihood of human-wildlife conflict and mortalities for the dogs.
With extreme heat, African wild dogs are dying at a higher rate, according to scientists. New research, published in Ecology and Evolution in June, found that humans are responsible for nearly half of all African wild dog deaths and that human-caused climate change is adding to the burden.
"At high temperatures, the dogs had higher mortality rates. When the previous 90 days had been hotter, they were more likely to die," said lead researcher Daniella Rabaiotti of the Zoological Society of London's Institute of Zoology.
Forty-four percent of all African wild dog deaths over the course of the study could be directly linked to humans, consisting of intentional killings, snare traps, road fatalities, and disease transmission from domestic dogs. The remaining deaths were naturally caused, consisting of inner-species fighting, death killing by other predators, and injuries sustained while hunting.
African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) are the second most endangered carnivorous species in Africa, with fewer than 700 breeding pairs remaining and their range down to just 7% of their historic extent. (Ethiopian wolves, Canis simensis, are the most endangered carnivores.)
A collared and an uncollared African wild dog interact. Image courtesy of Helen O'Neill/DICE/University of Kent.
To conduct the study on African wild dogs' mortality, Rabaiotti and her research team attached GPS collars to populations of the dogs in Botswana, Kenya and Zimbabwe. The collars would alert researchers to a potential death by emitting a specific signal when stationary for more than four hours.
Researchers found that in both Botswana and Kenya high temperatures correlated with increased adult dog mortality rates. The Kenya location showed the strongest relationship between increased temperature and human-related deaths due to wildlife conflict, while the Botswana location showed a strong relationship between increased temperature and naturally caused deaths. Rabaiotti said this is due to the Botswana site's location in a nationally protected area with few human settlements.
Survival rates and temperature at the Kenya site. Image courtesy of the Zoological Society of London.
Understanding how increased temperature leads to more human-related deaths is complex and not yet completely understood. Rabaiotti's explanation centers on how both human and animal behavior changes under rising extreme temperatures.
African wild dogs typically hunt around dawn and dusk, when temperatures are cooler. On especially hot days or weeks, their hunting period is shortened, pushing the dogs to hunt in new regions. Hot and dry weather also leads pastoralists and their livestock into new grazing areas for similar reasons. This creates a higher likelihood for overlap between dogs and pastoralists and subsequent wildlife conflict.
As African wild dogs occasionally hunt livestock, this overlap increases the chance of pastoralists directly killing the dogs in revenge.
Since pastoralists and hunters often roam with domesticated dogs, there is also an increased risk for the spread of disease from domesticated dogs to wild ones. At the Kenya site in 2017, an outbreak of canine distemper (a disease spread from domesticated dogs) killed every pack of African wild dogs but one. Rabaiotti said the population there is just now recovering.
The Zimbabwe location was the only site that didn't show a connection between high heat and adult mortality. Rabaiotti points to the high proportion of death by snare traps in the Zimbabwe location (40%), noting that this overshadows any relation with temperature. Since snare traps are used indiscriminately throughout the year, the deaths would not rise with increased human-wild dog overlap.
The high heat raises rates of naturally occurring deaths as well in the dogs.
"When it's hot, animals' immune systems don't work quite so well. We find the same in people, when it gets hot people tend to die more of diseases," Rabaiotti said.
An African wild dog yawns. Image courtesy of ZSL/DICE/University of Kent.
Shorter hunting hours at dawn and dusk also means less sunlight during hunting, making African wild dogs a more common victim of roadkill.
While not a direct cause of death, researchers say climate change has exacerbated many other threats to the dogs. Rabaiotti said an increase of just 1° Celsius (1.8° Fahrenheit) has bumped up the death rate.
If African wild dogs continue to decline, the result on the surrounding ecosystem will be varied. African wild dogs are mesopredators, meaning they eat smaller animals, but are also prey for larger predators, such as lions, leopards and hyenas. Because of this, the impact of their loss would be different in each population across the continent.
From a holistic perspective, Rabaiotti said she doesn't believe their loss would mean a large chain reaction on the ecosystem.
"It's not like those studies where if you take them out suddenly there's a big cascading effect. In Africa, because they've got so many predators left, [other predators are] often to able to fill the niche," Rabaiotti said. Still, she found that when wild dogs were absent in Kenya, the vegetation began to change, as the wild dogs' prey species flourished.
To save wild dog populations, Rabaiotti said it's essential to vaccinate domestic dogs against rabies and canine distemper. These vaccinations would not only reduce the likelihood of African wild dogs contracting diseases from domestic dogs, it would have the added effect of reducing rabies among local people.
"All conservation is about people … The really key thing is to help the communities living alongside these predators. Because without that it's not surprising that people end up killing them, because that's their livelihood, that's their survival," Rabaiotti said.
One way of doing this is practicing better herding practices. The fewer livestock killed by African wild dogs, the less incentive there is for locals to kill African wild dogs. Rabaiotti noted a recent study that identified who was best to send with a herd of livestock against the likelihood of predatory attacks.
"If you can, send an adult. If you have to send a child don't send more than one because they get distracted and let the livestock get eaten," Rabaiotti said.
For individuals looking to help support African wild dogs, Rabaiotti's advice is to reduce one's carbon footprint, as well as donate to conservation organizations and request to see African wild dogs if on a safari.
"The good news is that our findings indicate the impact of climate change on African wild dog mortality could be mitigated both locally and globally: resolving human-wildlife conflict and reducing disease transmission from domestic dogs could help to make African wild dog populations more robust in the face of climate change, while by lowering our individual carbon footprints we can all contribute to the survival of these incredible animals," Rabaiotti said in a press release for the study.
Rabaiotti, D., Groom, R., McNutt, J. W., Watermeyer, J., O'Neill, H. M. K., & Woodroffe, R. (2021). High temperatures and human pressures interact to influence mortality in an African carnivore. Ecology and Evolution, 11(13), 8495-8506. doi:10.1002/ece3.7601
Article published by Maria Salazar
Animals, Climate Change, Global Warming, Human-wildlife Conflict, Interns, Mammals, Research, Wildlife, Wildlife Conservation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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APA turning its back on history
2009.08.10 News, OpinionAHAP, APA, ArchivesJennifer Bazar
The American Psychological Association (APA)'s 117th annual convention wrapped up yesterday in Toronto, Canada. The Society for the History of Psychology (SHP), APA's Division 26, put on a full and engaging program of 39 sessions over the four days which culminated with APA Council bestowing upon Dr. Ludy T. Benjamin, Jr. a presidential citation in recognition of his contributions to the discipline. But a decision by APA council just before noon on Sunday would put a damper on the mood of the whole event: they have decided to cut their annual contribution to the Archives for the History of American Psychology (AHAP) from $60,000 annually to $30,000 this year and $20,000 next year. This decision was made against the recommendations by many on council who stood to speak up against such a significant budget cut to an archives that counts among its collection the papers of many past APA presidents and APA divisions.
These actions by the APA are extremely disappointing. I would go so far as to say that from the point of view of a graduate student in the history of psychology, they are discouraging. AHAP is the only archives dedicated to psychology in North America and serves as a valuable resource to all who are interested in the discipline's history. I contacted David Baker, director of AHAP, who replied that "It is indeed disappointing that the Executive Management Group and the Board of Directors fail to see the value of our shared past."
I hope you will join me in (1) writing to APA Council of Representatives in protest of this decision and (2) donating to AHAP to show our support of the work they do for the discipline.
About Jennifer Bazar
Jennifer Bazar is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Toronto and Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care. Her research focuses on the history of psychiatric institutionalization.	View all posts by Jennifer Bazar →
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3 thoughts on "APA turning its back on history"
Pingback: Advances in the History of Psychology » Blog Archive » APA: Ludy Benjamin resigns over AHAP, torture
Jeremy Burman says:
2009.08.17 at 10:50 pm
A new episode of Chris Green's podcast series, This Week in the History of Psychology, has just been posted. It features his recent interview with David Baker about the operation, important, and future plans of AHAP. Get it, as an MP3, here.
Pingback: Advances in the History of Psychology » Blog Archive » APA Restores AHAP Funding for 2010


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Un gènere teatral, gènere de teatre o gènere dramàtic és un concepte de tipus categorial que permet classificar les produccions teatrals tenint en compte aspectes d'estil artístic, de forma, de contingut o altres. Es poden combinar i encavalcar diversos criteris per establir les categories secundàries. Així doncs, la llista de gèneres no està tancada. Segons la teoria realista clàssica hi ha dos grups principals: el de la comèdia, i el de la tragèdia i el drama.

Gèneres clàssics
A la comèdia els personatges són complexos, comuns i corrents que encarnen els defectes i vicis dels éssers humans, el conflicte que es presenta és possible i probable en la vida real, si bé el seu contingut s'exagera o ridiculitza en l'intent per provocar el riure del receptor. El protagonista en aquest conflicte lluita amb el seu antagonista en un intent fallit per aconseguir els seus propòsits; fallit, perquè els seus intents els porten a diverses situacions, en les quals fracassa o és objecte de burla. El desenllaç presenta una solució alegre al conflicte amb la qual tots els problemes s'alegren i tots queden feliços. Generalment els autors a través del riure intenten que el receptor reflexioni sobre el que succeeix en l'obra i d'aquesta manera pugui extreure un ensenyament si es veu identificat amb algun dels personatges. Per això, alguns autors consideren que la comèdia és moralista. Tartuf o l'impostor de Molière és un exemple.

A la tragèdia hi ha personatges il·lustres, amb la finalitat de produir una crisi, és a dir, una purificació del receptor (lector o espectador) i que culmina en moltes ocasions amb la destrucció social o física del protagonista. Èdip rei de Sòfocles és un exemple d'aquest gènere.

En el drama es representa una situació de la vida real que resulta complexa i difícil però amb un final favorable o feliç, es caracteritza per tenir personatges comuns i complexos que s'enfronten a situacions límit de la seva vida i que acaben per reconèixer encara que això no necessàriament generi un canvi intern en el protagonista.

Gèneres per estil
De vegades el teatre considera més interessant una visió estilitzada de la realitat, no mostrar-la exactament tal com és sinó d'una manera que considera més "dramàtica" o "teatral". Alguns estils coincideixen amb estils artístics més genèrics, com és el cas del realisme teatral, el naturalisme teatral, l'expressionisme, el simbolisme, etc. Alguns gèneres que cerquen un estil determinat són:
 Melodrama: Gènere no realista. Les anècdotes complexes on els personatges són simples és la característica fonamental d'aquest gènere. Busca que l'espectador tingui una resposta emocional superficial davant els successos de l'escena. Els personatges tenen reaccions emocionals exacerbades davant les accions dels altres personatges. Hi ha un conflicte de valors oposats que poden estar en qualsevol àmbit: moral, estètic, etc. Nuestra Natacha d'Alejandro Casona, estrenada a Barcelona el novembre de 1935 (al Teatre Barcelona), és un exemple.

 Tragicomèdia: Gènere no realista. El personatge protagonista de la tragicomèdia és simple, generalment un arquetip, està a la recerca d'un ideal: l'amor, l'amistat, la fraternitat, etc. L'anècdota és complexa. No és la unió de tragèdia i comèdia. Locell blau de Maurice Maeterlinck és un exemple.

 Farsa: Uneix elements de qualsevol dels altres gèneres. Els seus orígens es remunten a Aristòfanes però és en el segle XX quan aquest gènere pren veritable importància i rellevància. La Cantant calba d'Eugen Ionescu és el més clar exemple.

 Gèneres per forma
 Teatre d'avantguarda és un moviment teatral que sorgeix paral·lelament a l'antinovel·la o nova novel·la, a França, prop de 1950, un fenomen teatral que es caracteritza per la negació de les formes establertes i per la recerca d'un nou i original llenguatge escènic. En lloc de personatges ben caracteritzats, d'una estructura lògicament construïda i de diàlegs brillants, les «antipeces» del nou teatre presenten el reflex d'un món de malson i una reflexió sobre el llenguatge feta d'absurditat i incongruència.

 Teatre de l'absurd: Gènere teatral cultivat per escriptors europeus i americans entre els anys 40 i 60 del . Va ser encunyat pel crític Martin Esslin que va utilitzar-lo com a títol d'un llibre seu del 1962. Esslin considera que el treball d'aquests autors consisteix en una articulació artística del concepte filosòfic de l'absurd de l'existència, propi d'Albert Camus. Les característiques peculiars del teatre de l'absurd són l'abandonament deliberat d'una construcció dramàtica racional i el rebuig del llenguatge lògic conseqüencial.

 Dansa-teatre és una actuació artística que combina elements de la dansa contemporània i del teatre, podent incloure també elements d'altres arts escèniques, com el circ, o fins i tot visuals, fusionant-les en un espectacle homogeni; amb personatges constants i ben definits. Sol tractar temes de la realitat actual i des d'un pust de vista crític i irònic. L'estètica és molt cuidada. Pot ser per a públic infantil o adults.

 Performance és una actuació artística en directe on hi ha una important posada en escena, on habitualment l'artista (conegut com a performer) es comporta d'una manera particular per a altre grup de gent (públic o audiència). Tot sovint, la "línia" invisible que divideix l'artista del públic s'esvaeix, com en el teatre actiu, on els membres del públic s'impliquen en la producció.

 Pantomima: Els mims són actors que no utilitzen el llenguatge parlat en les seves actuacions. Té elements de connexió amb la dansa i el circ. És una forma habitual de teatre de carrer, tot i que es presenta també a sales. L'estil i el contingut del mim modern té vincles clars amb la commedia dell'arte.

 Gèneres per contingut
Les obres teatrals es poden categoritzar també segons l'objectiu pel qual estan escrites, lligat al seu contingut, que pot ser educatiu, moralitzant, de dimensió ètica (teatre pobre, per exemple), d'intervenció social, de militància política, religiós, etc.

 Obra didàctica: Gènere no realista. Caracteritzada per presentar-se en forma de sil·logisme que convida a la reflexió de l'espectador i que a partir d'ella tingui un aprenentatge. Els personatges són simples i l'anècdota complexa. El cercle de guix caucasià de Bertolt Brecht és un exemple clar.

 Teatre de l'oprimit és un gènere teatral influït pel teatre èpic de Bertold Brecht que sistematitza diferents metodologies que comprenen el teatre invisible, el teatre imatge, el teatre fòrum, el teatre legislatiu i el teatre periòdic. Tenen per objecte transformar a l'espectador en protagonista de l'acció dramàtica i, "a través d'aquesta transformació, ajudar a l'espectador a preparar accions reals que el condueixin al propi alliberament".

 Gèneres de teatre amb objectes
Podrien entrar en aquesta categoria els diferents teatres de titelles, d'ombres xinesques, de màscares, etc. als quals el protagonisme se centra en objectes.

Al teatre de titelles els personatges són ninots anomenats titelles. Acostumen a mostrar-se en uns teatrets especials, anomenats teatres de titelles. El seu moviment s'efectua amb l'ajuda de molles, cordes, guants, filferros, fils, pals i altres estris adaptats a cada tipus de titella.

 Gèneres musicals
A alguns gèneres la música, la veu i la banda sonora són elements d'especial rellevància. És el cas, per exemple i típicament, de l'òpera i l'anomenat "teatre musical", però n'hi ha molts més, com lasarsuela, les operetes, la revista, el ball parlat, etc.

El teatre musical o musical'' és una forma de teatre que combina música, cançó, dansa i text. Una història i el seu contingut emotiu es transmeten mitjançant les paraules, la música, els moviments i els aspectes tècnics de l'espectacle com una unitat integrada. La música i les lletres formen la banda sonora del musical.

Lòpera és un drama totalment o parcialment musicat que s'escenifica cantant i amb acompanyament orquestral, i amb els elements escènics habituals del teatre (decoracions, vestuari).

 Altres gèneres
Les obres teatrals es poden classificar en altres criteris, com per exemple, segons a quin públic va adreçat, la seva durada (microteatre, teatre per hores, etc.) o a quin espai es presenten. Alguns exemples són:
 Teatre de carrer és una actuació artística en directe que s'executa en un espai públic i sol comprendre diverses disciplines escèniques. Als Països Catalans va sorgir com a resposta a la necessitat d'acostar el teatre a les persones i trencar convencions establertes pel que fèia al text, la llengua, l'escena i la relació entre intèrprets i públic entre d'altres. Des d'aquest punt de vista, inclou com a subgènere al teatre invisible.
 Teatre popular''' és un terme molt genèric en el que entra el conjunt de muntatges i obres teatrals propis de la cultura popular, és a dir que no tenen un autor conegut i que s'han anat desenvolupant i transmetent per tradició oral o escrita.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


20 Memories of #Pokemon20 – Day 5: Hoenn Reconfirmed!
20 Memories of #Pokemon20 – Day 6: Hoenn on the GBA!
Due to delays, we're a little behind schedule, but we're 10 days away from the 20th anniversary. To celebrate, our "Ask PC" column continues to share 20 posts covering significant memories from The PokéCommunity's Pokémon fans! For Day 7, we look at the Generation Five speculation months before solid information on the Generation Five games were released.
2010: A wild Generation Five announcement appeared!
No new types are needed and I'm sure they won't change the starter types.
Also, more Pokémon learning Aura Sphere (or at least special fighting move more accurate than Focus Blast). Gardevoir would look cool using it.
I think they'll use this part of Japan for Generation Five.
I really want a dark/light theme this time around, as opposed to time/space and land/sea, and sky/sea (or whatever it was in Johto)… It seems so fitting at this point.
As avid players may know, the yet unannounced Black and White's legendary Pokémon were based on a dark and light theme.
Whenever a new generation is revealed, so far anyway, the first new Pokémon to be shown is either an evolution or a pre-evolution to a previous Pokémon. In this case, I'd say the safest bet is a Sandslash evolution.
At first I thought it'd be a Lucario or Ninetales evolution, but then I realized something for the latter: it doesn't have multiple tails.
Has no one noticed that this Pokémon is nicknamed "Z"? Shall we consider Pokémon that start with the letter Z, perhaps have some fur, claws, and a tail… Zangoose! I mean come on people, its totally a Zangoose evolution!
The mystery Pokémon was revealed as Zoroark, a Pokémon that was not an evolution of any known Pokémon at the time, and would be a major Pokémon in the upcoming thirteenth movie.
Names and games… in 3D!
Didn't think they'd change things this much, but I'm sure glad they have haha. Would have prefered 3D characters if they're using a more 3D world, but sprites will do I guess.
The city looks awesome and I'm assuming that running left will "rotate" the city to the right, and vice versa, and perhaps pressing up along that road automatically takes you to the other side of the city or something.
I must say though, the cave looks awesome. Wait, Mart AND Center?
The new battle style looks amazing!
Those screenshots lead me to believe this game will be for the new 3DS.
No, the one in the left is the Grass, it's a bird so I think it's Grass, plus it has a leaf-like tail. Either that or the one in the middle is the grass, but since it looks like a pig or rabbit I'm guessing that's the Water type.
In the end it was revealed (from left to right) we had Snivy the Grass-type snake, Tepig the Fire-type pig, and Oshawott the Water-type otter.
Afterward we were treated to images of the cover legendaries. Thankfully we didn't have to guess at silhouettes, as they were revealed in all their glory, and one of their typings was given to us (Dragon).
Maybe they will have a new type "Light" type and the white Pokémon will represent that type. I kind of doubt that though.
The primary reason that I think they will be part steel type is due to the fact that the both have turbines on their tails, which really indicates their mechanical nature.
Some people had a keen sense of perception and pointed to a Ying and Yang relationship, something further supported by the naming scheme of the game (Black and White). This turned out to be apt given in the plot one Pokémon represented truth, and the other ideals.
Nearer to the game's releases, more screenshots and videos were shown off to curry the Pokémon fans' attention. The games went on to be well-received in Japan as the sixth top-selling Pokémon games, to date selling 15.60 million units.
Day 8's article will lead into some of the impressions people had as the game released internationally.
The fifth generation of Pokémon games, Pokémon Black and Pokémon White, were released in Japan on September 18, 2010, and internationally in early March.
Co-written and edited by bobandbill.


text:
Q: Finding the shortest path between the two selected cells (If you can not go diagonally) I have a matrix:
maze = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

1 - obstacles
0 - regular cells
I want to implement an algorithm for finding the shortest path between the two selected cells (If you can not go diagonally). I tried the A * algorithm but it did not give the correct result:
def astar(maze, start, end):

    start_node = Node(None, start)
    start_node.g = start_node.h = start_node.f = 0
    end_node = Node(None, end)
    end_node.g = end_node.h = end_node.f = 0

    open_list = []
    closed_list = []

    open_list.append(start_node)

    while len(open_list) > 0:
        current_node = open_list[0]
        current_index = 0
        for index, item in enumerate(open_list):
            if item.f < current_node.f:
                current_node = item
                current_index = index

        open_list.pop(current_index)
        closed_list.append(current_node)

        if current_node == end_node:
            path = []
            current = current_node
            while current is not None:
                path.append(current.position)
                current = current.parent
            return path[::-1] # Return reversed path

        children = []
        for new_position in [(0, -1), (0, 1), (-1, 0), (1, 0), (-1, 1), (1, -1)]:

            node_position = (current_node.position[0] + new_position[0], current_node.position[1] + new_position[1])

            if node_position[0] > (len(maze) - 1) or node_position[0] < 0 or node_position[1] > (len(maze[len(maze)-1]) -1) or node_position[1] < 0:
                continue

            if maze[node_position[0]][node_position[1]] != 0:
                continue

            new_node = Node(current_node, node_position)
            children.append(new_node)
        for child in children:

            for closed_child in closed_list:
                if child == closed_child:
                    continue

            child.g = current_node.g + 1
            child.h = ((child.position[0] - end_node.position[0]) ** 2) + ((child.position[1] - end_node.position[1]) ** 2)
            child.f = child.g + child.h
            for open_node in open_list:
                if child == open_node and child.g > open_node.g:
                    continue

            open_list.append(child)

Please tell me how it can be implemented in the language Python so that it works correctly.

A: Here's a BFS implementation for your problem: https://ideone.com/tuBu3G
We initiate our queue with the starting point of interest and stop once we've visited our ending point. At every step of our iteration, we aim to explore new unexplored state and set the distance of this new point as 1 + the distance of the point from where it was explored.
from collections import deque

graph = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
         [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

# To move left, right, up and down
delta_x = [-1, 1, 0, 0]
delta_y = [0, 0, 1, -1]

def valid(x, y):
    if x < 0 or x >= len(graph) or y < 0 or y >= len(graph[x]):
        return False
    return (graph[x][y] != 1)

def solve(start, end):
    Q = deque([start])
    dist = {start: 0}
    while len(Q):
        curPoint = Q.popleft()
        curDist = dist[curPoint]
        if curPoint == end:
            return curDist
        for dx, dy in zip(delta_x, delta_y):
            nextPoint = (curPoint[0] + dx, curPoint[1] + dy)
            if not valid(nextPoint[0], nextPoint[1]) or nextPoint in dist.keys():
                continue
            dist[nextPoint] = curDist + 1
            Q.append(nextPoint)

print(solve((0,0), (6,7)))

Prints: # 13

A: Here is an example of how to implement BFS in python 3:
import collections

    def breadth_first_search(graph, root):
        visited, queue = set(), collections.deque([root])
        while queue:
        vertex = queue.popleft()
        for neighbour in graph[vertex]:
            if neighbour not in visited:
                visited.add(neighbour)
                queue.append(neighbour)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    graph = [[0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
            [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]
    breadth_first_search(graph, 0)

I hope this was able to help, Please let me know how it goes!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
De Samtgemeinde Lamspringe is een samenwerkingsverband (Samtgemeinde) van vijf kleinere gemeenten in het Landkreis Hildesheim in de Duitse deelstaat Nedersaksen. Gezamenlijk hebben de gemeenten nog geen 6.000 inwoners.

Deelnemende gemeenten
 Harbarnsen
 Lamspringe
 Neuhof
 Sehlen
 Woltershausen

Lamspringe


District Administrator Debra Collins was killed in an automobile accident on US 67 near Fredericktown, Missouri, while en route to Poplar Bluff for a meeting.
Her vehicle ran off the road and overturned in a ditch causing her to suffer fatal injuries.
District Administrator Collins had served with the Missouri Department of Corrections, Board of Probation and Parole for 25 years. She is survived by her husband and two sons.


text:
Q: Save state of a List How to save a state of my List onSaveInstanceState method?
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ListView listView;
    private List<RssItem> items;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listView);

        onStartCommand();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putStringArrayList("return", items);
    }

    private void onStartCommand() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(getBaseContext(), RssIntentService.class);
        intent.putExtra(RssIntentService.RECEIVER, resultReceiver);
        startService(intent);
    }

    private final ResultReceiver resultReceiver = new ResultReceiver(new Handler()) {
        @Override
        protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
            items = (List<RssItem>) resultData.getSerializable(RssIntentService.ITEMS);
            if (items != null) {
                RssAdapter adapter = new RssAdapter(getBaseContext(), items);
                listView.setAdapter(adapter);
            } else
                Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Não foi possível encontrar seu feed", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    };
}

The code returns me the following error:
Error:(45, 17) error: method putStringArrayList in class Bundle cannot be applied to given types;
required: String,ArrayList<String>
found: String,List<RssItem>
reason: actual argument List<RssItem> cannot be converted to ArrayList<String> by method invocation conversion

A: You can declare your List as ArrayList:
private ArrayList<RssItem> items;

And in your onReceiveResult method cast using arraylist instead of list:
items = (ArrayList<RssItem>) resultData.getSerializable(RssIntentService.ITEMS);

Then the code should not throw any error.


Step aboard this traditional Maldivian Dhoni boat and cruise through the Maldives – known as the flower of the Indies. You'll be relaxed as you eat and sleep on board this cozy vessel.
Dive into the crystal clear tropical waters as you swim and snorkel over the beautiful coral reefs. You'll sail between unspoilt palm fringed islands and visit local fishing villages. Enjoy beachside barbeques and traditional music and cultural performances on this 8 day Maldive Dhoni Cruise from $1,483* per person including 7 nights onboard a Dhoni, 7 breakfasts, lunches and dinners with an Explore representative on board, boat crew and cook to make this the perfect way to explore and relax in the Maldives.
www.exploreworldwide.com.au Book now to explore these fantastic destinations.
Explore Worldwide is a global small group brand offering unique adventures to some of the world's most fascinating locations. Group sizes range from 14 to 20 people.


Mr. Ervin Eros, CESCI Balkans Director and Ms. Ana Nikolov, CESCI Balkans Director of planning in front of The Association of European Border Regions (AEBR Balkans) and the Central European Service for Cross-border Initiatives in the Balkans (CESCI Balkans) participated in ''BG2 Youth Summit" as panelist for the topic of "Regional cooperation and challenges - Cross-border cooperation'' which was held on 20th of November in Belgrade, Serbia. Next to them, a speech was given also by Ms. Marija Milenković, AEBR Young Leader for CBC, Ms. Snežana Novković, from European Integration Office and Ms. Milena Peralović, from GIZ.
At the summit, they talked about their organizations and their activities in the field of cross-border cooperation and challenges with which they encountered during their professional carriers.
After their presentations participants enrolled in discussion about possibilities of development in the field of cross-border cooperation.


text:
Charlie Puth Drops New 'Done for Me' Feat. Kehlani
Matthew Scott Donnelly Published: March 15, 2018
Rachel Murray/Theo Wargo, Getty Images
Charlie Puth's Voicenotes just got another new mouthpiece — Kehlani, one of Billboard's top female musicians of 2017 — will lend her talents to the album, Puth announced Wednesday (March 15).
During a chat with Zane Lowe's World Record on Beats 1 on Apple Music, Puth unveiled "Done for Me," a new track off of his forthcoming second LP, and said there are "no pop chords in the song but it's a pop song." He added the process of getting Kehlani to contribute to the track felt totally natural.
"You know when you meet somebody and you just know that you're going to be friends with them for a really really long time? That was her when I met her. She's just such a warm and outgoing person and just such a good distinct voice," he said.
Puth, whose Voicenotes was originally planned to drop in Fall 2017 has already pushed back the release of the LP, and as recently as January said the album is imperfect, but something he loves dearly.
"So I have good news and bad news," he wrote. "The bad news is that I have to push the album release date. I'm producing this album all myself and with that comes a lot of work, and in my opinion, the album is not perfect yet. However, it will still come out this year, and soon."
Voicenotes drops on May 11. It also includes a collaboration with Boyz II Men called "If You Leave Me Now," and Puth has promised additional features.
YouTube Stars Who Hit it Big:
Source: Charlie Puth Drops New 'Done for Me' Feat. Kehlani
Categories: Featured, Music News
BREAKING: Coldplay, Ella Mai, Beck, Stevie Nicks, and More in Washington State
Seattle's Most Adorable VIP Pup Is Living His Best Life All Over WA
Goodwill Won't Take Any of This Junk From Your Donate Pile
Police Searching For Shooting Suspects in Yakima and Prosser


text:
Two men connected to Giuliani's Ukraine efforts arrested on campaign finance charges
Posted 10:38 am, October 10, 2019, by CNN Wires
Two associates of Rudy Giuliani connected to efforts to dig up dirt in Ukraine on Democratic presidential candidate Joe Biden have been arrested and indicted on criminal charges for violating campaign finance rules.
The charges against the men suggest Giuliani's push on Ukraine and President Donald Trump's receptiveness to it had ties to an illegal effort to influence US politics and policy using foreign funds. The indictment involves two people central to the impeachment inquiry in the House.
The two Giuliani-linked defendants, Igor Fruman and Lev Parnas, were detained at Dulles International Airport outside of Washington on Wednesday and are scheduled to appear in court in Virginia at 2 p.m. ET Thursday.
Overall, four men were indicted Thursday on two counts of conspiracy, one count of false statements to the Federal Election Commission and one count of falsification of records.
Along with Fruman and Parnas, Andrey Kukushkin has been arrested and is expected to appear in court Thursday in the Northern District of California, according to the Manhattan US Attorney's office. The fourth man, David Correia, hasn't been arrested. All four are US citizens, according to the indictment, which was unsealed by New York federal prosecutors Thursday morning.
Parnas was Giuliani's fixer in Ukraine, introducing him to current and former officials as far back as 2018, according to CNN's reporting.
Starting in November 2018, Giuliani told CNN, Parnas and Fruman introduced him to former and current Ukrainian officials who provided information that Giuliani claims is damaging to some of Trump's political enemies, including Biden. House Democrats have subpoenaed documents from Giuliani, Parnas, and Fruman relating to those interactions.
The request from Congress is the second set of subpoenas linking Giuliani and other Trump affiliates to Parnas. The first set, part of a lawsuit filed in federal court in Florida earlier this year, sought Parnas' financial records and included a request for any work he may have done on Giuliani's behalf.
They gave hundreds of thousands in donations to a Trump-allied super PAC, according to the Miami Herald.
The Wall Street Journal first reported the arrests.
Fruman and Parnas asked a US congressman to help get the US ambassador to Ukraine fired at the same time that they were committing to raise tens of thousands of dollars for that congressman's re-election effort, according to the indictment. Parnas made their request to the congressman, who is not named, in part at the behest of one of more Ukraine government officials, the indictment.
The ambassador at the time, Marie Louise Yovanovitch, was eventually recalled in May after earning the ire of Trump and other conservatives, who viewed her as biased against the President.
Yovanovitch has become one of the central figures in the ongoing impeachment effort in the House and is expected to appear before lawmakers for a deposition on Friday.
As they sought to raise a promised $20,000 for the congressman, Fruman allegedly made a donation to the lawmaker in Parnas' name to skirt limits on individual donations, in violation of campaign finance law, the indictment says.
America First Action, the super PAC, told CNN in a statement they have not used the donation made through by the men through the super PAC.
"America First Action placed that contribution in a segregated bank account, it has not been used it for any purpose and the funds will remain in this segregated account until these matters are resolved," America First Action's spokeswoman Kelly Sadler said in a statement. "We take our legal obligations seriously and scrupulously comply with the law and any suggestion otherwise is false."
Federal investigation of Rudy Giuliani includes counterintelligence probe
Report: Rudy Giuliani under investigation for lobbying violations with Ukraine
Giuliani associate willing to testify to Congress Nunes met with ex-Ukrainian official to get dirt on Biden
Giuliani associate says he watched Trump fire the US ambassador to Ukraine
Watch live video: Day 2 of testimony in Trump impeachment hearings
WATCH LIVE: Democrats to unveil 2 impeachment articles vs. President Trump
House votes to send Trump impeachment articles to the Senate
Impeachment investigators announce first public hearings next week
Giuliani talks money and Bidens in dual accidental phone calls to reporter
Democrats introduce two articles of impeachment against Trump
Mulvaney brashly admits quid pro quo over Ukraine aid as key details emerge


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RPL routing domain, particularly in non-storing mode.
being DAO messages in non-storing mode).
are necessary, or when they can be safely omitted, or removed.
explanation of the results of executing that language.
type 3 [RFC6554], as well as an efficient IPv6-in-IPv6 technique.
for the uses cases.  Section 5 describes the uses cases included.
RPL, RPL Domain and ROLL.
leaf of a DODAG is called not-RPL-aware-leaf (~Raf).
described.".  In this document, a 6LN acts as a leaf.
6LR, 6LBR are defined in [RFC6775].
values of RPL Option Type.  Thus the network does not work correctly.
Hop-by-hop IPv6-in-IPv6 headers: The term "hop-by-hop IPv6-in-IPv6"
then re-encapsulated again in a similar fashion.
route.  The remaining bits serve as the option type.
Figure 1: Option Type in RPL Option.
option (skip over this option and continue processing the header).
there is a flow from RPL-aware-leaf to Internet (see Section 6.2.1).
order bits MUST be set to '00' and the third bit is equal to '1'.
[RFC6553] RPL Hop-by-Hop option known as RPI.
Figure 2: Revised Option Type in RPL Option.
accept both 0x63 and 0x23 when processing.
the RPI type code when forwarding.
deployed at the same time.
way up, and to the end-host when on the way down.
originating from the root to leafs.
change does not adversely affect the non-storing case.
0x23 mode (by DIO option), then it should be decompressed to 0x23.
path that always processes IPv6-in-IPv6 headers with no options.
0x63 only).  A new node would not know if it was safe to use 0x23.
Compatible Mode; originating traffic with the old-RPI (0x63) value.
this information when propagating the DODAG Configuration option.
sender and MUST be ignored by the receiver".
DIO is received with the flag set.
(6LoWPAN Node) as leaf logically organized in a DODAG structure.
node.  The 6LN is a RPL aware router, or host (as a leaf).
RPL nodes with no children hosts.
also referred to as an IPv6 node.
The 6LBR ("A") in the figure is the root of the Global DODAG.
Figure 5: A reference RPL Topology.
different Code values.  A RPL Stack is shown in Figure 5.
addressed outside of the LLN e.g. with destination to Internet.
by the sender or the receiver.
does not understand that option ( Section 4.2 [RFC8200]).
left in place even if the end host does not understand it.
having to encapsulate the packet in order to remove the artifact.
header.  The new header is placed after this new outer IP header.
addressed to the next hop router using link-local address.
appropriate priority or channel at each hop.
is clear, while later examples are more concise.
is matched by the DIO's Prefix Information Option (PIO) option.
IPv6-in-IPv6 header is the next hop, or the final target address.
RH3 is not needed because it is not used in storing mode.
the packet go through from source (6LN) to destination.
Figure 7: Table of IPv6-in-IPv6 encapsulation in Storing mode.
(Node E) which decrements the rank in RPI and sends the packet up.
No IPv6-in-IPv6 header is required.
DODAGID in the DIO messages.
processed in the 6LN and the RPI removed.
situation is identical to the previous scenario.
6.2.  Storing Mode: Interaction between Leaf and Internet.
ignored by nodes which have not been configured to be RPI aware.
removed and the packet processed.
better routing path, thus it could be more efficient and faster.
Implementation should decide which approach to take.
leaf to Internet.  (1) Case when packet is addressed to the root.
(2) Case when the packet is addressed hop-by-hop.
6.2.4.  SM: Example of Flow from Internet to non-RPL-aware-leaf.
RPL routing for a 6LN acting as a plain host and not aware of RPL.
zero in order to aid in compression.
to the common parent (6LR_x).
from the common parent (6LR_x) to destination 6LN.
direction of RPI is changed (from increasing to decreasing the rank).
will be ignored by the receiver.
(6LR_x) (Node B) to destination not-RPL-aware 6LN (IPv6) (Node G).
packet go through from source to the common parent.
(6LR) that the packet go through from IPv6 src to the root.
the IPv6-in-IPv6 header is inserted.
needed, the column states as "No".
pick an appropriate priority or channel at each hop.
(1)-6tisch networks may need the RPI information.
contains the rank information, which is used to avoid/detect loops.
packet go through from source (6LN) to destination (6LBR).
This situation is the same case as storing mode.
packet go through from source (6LBR) to destination (6LN).
necessary as the traffic originates with an RPL aware node, the 6LBR.
whole topology in non-storing mode.
packet go through from source (6LBR) to destination (IPv6).
clarification of use of IPv6-in-IPv6 encapsulation.
following 6LRs.  The RPI and entire packet is consumed by the root.
packet go through from source (6LN) to 6LBR.
This case is identical to storing-mode case.
packet go through from 6LBR to destination(6LN).
packet go through from source(IPv6) to 6LBR. e.g 6LR_1 (i=1).
6LR (6LR_1) will add a RPI header inside a new IPv6-in-IPv6 header.
identical to the storing-mode case (see Section 6.2.3).
packet go through from 6LBR to not-RPL-aware-leaf (IPv6).
flow label upon entry in order to aid compression.
non-RPL-aware-leaf (1) The last 6LR before the IPv6 node.
packet go through from 6LN to the root.
6LR_id are the intermediate routers from the root to the destination.
carry the useless RPI option.
it was contained in an IPv6-in-IPv6 header addressed to it.
header, which should get ignored.
Section 7.1.2, with the originating node acting as 6LBR.
optional from 6LBR to 6LR_id (RPI_2).
This scenario is the combination of the previous two cases.
should ignore those headers, and continue processing the packet.
general, such hosts can not be easily supported in RPL LLNs.
artifacts can also be removed.
the LLN (the "Internet" cases above), and non-storing mode is used.
prior to the leaf --- the 6LR_n.
the new RPI value of 0x23.
OpenWSN, and these are easily adapted to 0x23 functionality.
with the new value.  The DODAG should change to a new DODAG version.
In case of rebooting, the node does not remember the RPL Option Type.
Thus, the DIO is sent with a flag indicating the new RPI value.
should ignore the option and continue processing the packets.
Options and Hop-by-Hop Options registry from 0x63 to 0x23.
Figure 9: Option Type in RPL Option.
when the packets are in the RPL Domain.
Coordinator is not co-located inside the RPL root.
where hostile nodes are likely to be a part of the LLN.
not yet been processed, and SHOULD ignore such a second RH3 header.
discussion in this document, such headers do not need to be removed.
RPLInstanceID, perhaps one with a higher energy cost, for instance.
restricted at all.  This is a feature, not a bug.
such attacks already seen in the real world.
addresses of all IP headers that it examines in both directions.
Kovatsch, Peter van der Stok, Xavier Vilajosana and Thomas Watteyne.
plane-18 (work in progress), August 2018.
keyinfra-19 (work in progress), March 2019.
unaware-leaves-06 (work in progress), November 2018.
[RFC8505]  Thubert, P., Ed., Nordmark, E., Chakrabarti, S., and C.


text:
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Interview- MuslimFest Exceeds Expectations of Founders, Critics (Muslim Link Story- Jun. 2010)
As MuslimFest, Canada's largest Muslim summer festival, gets ready to kick off on July 31st at the Mississauga Living Arts Centre, the Muslim Link sat down with Taha Ghayyur, one of the founders and organizers of the two-day art and cultural festival, to get his thoughts on the need for such event and his hopes for the future of Muslim artistes in North America.
What prompted the creation of MuslimFest?
It was in the summer of 2003 that a group of concerned people, including Muslim artists like Dawud Wharnsby Ali, community leaders like Abdul Malik Mujahid the President of Sound Vision, teachers, and other creative individuals from DawaNet gathered to discuss the most effective ways of connecting with our neighbours, communicating the message of Islam in creative fashion, and engaging Muslim youth.
Moreover, a strong need was felt to offer an alternative to the mainstream entertainment industry so Muslim youth and families could enjoy artistic performances and shows that are safe and grounded in Islamic ethics.
Thus a concept of the first ever Muslim arts and entertainment festival in North America was formalized. MuslimFest, as it was aptly named, became a collaborative project of Sound Vision, DawaNet, and Young Muslims Canada.
These three organization pooled their energies, talent, volunteers, and meager financial resources together to craft this groundbreaking event on August 7, 2004, at the Living Arts Centre, Mississauga, Ontario.
Since 2007, MuslimFest remains a collaborative effort of Sound Vision and DawaNet.
How successful have you been in achieving your objectives?
The objectives of MuslimFest are:
– To build bridges with all Canadians of diverse ethnic and religious heritage
– To celebrate the cultural diversity within the Muslim community through art, humour, cuisine, exhibits, and meaningful entertainment
– To encourage an artistic expression that is both ingrained in Canadian culture and faithful to the spirit of Islamic tradition
– To be the source of innovation and development of local talent in the Muslim art and entertainment industry
– To engage youth and channel their creative energy into projects that are productive and beneficial to the wider Canadian society
– To provide an alternative to the mainstream entertainment by integrating universal moral values
Alhamdulillah (praise be to Allah) we have been able to achieve all our objectives to certain degrees over the past six years.
Today, MuslimFest stands as the largest Muslim event in Canada open to public. It's a signature event of the City of Mississauga and is sponsored by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Heritage Canada. Since 2008 MuslimFest has been twice selected among the top 100 festivals of Ontario by the Festival Events Ontario (FEO) and has won two awards as well.
What sort of support has the event received from the public?
The response has been overwhelmingly positive since the first year. The MuslimFest attendance has been consistently increasing. Starting with around 7,000 attendees in 2004, it has grown to 13,000 visitors in 2009 (as estimated by the City of Mississauga).
Of course, like any innovative and unconventional community project, MuslimFest has been criticized by small pockets in both so-called conservative and progressive Muslim camps. That has not distracted us from our vision, objectives and expansion, alhamdulillah.
Participation by mainstream / non-Muslim public has also increased gradually over the years. Non-Muslims account for perhaps 15 to 20 per cent of attendees. Due to our aggressive marketing over the last two years through a local radio station, mobile signs on city roads, and inclusion in the City of Mississauga's summer event calendar, we have witnessed significant interest and participation from the wider community.
What surprises, if any, have you encountered in holding this event?
How difficult it is for many Muslims to understand the crucial role of arts and music in the development of Muslim culture, which is an integral part of Muslim youth identity. What's shocking is to see many Muslims, who would otherwise be quite "liberal" and may participate in all sorts of questionable environments, criticize all the good in that comes from a creative effort of this type.
How challenging it is to fund and financially sustain creative projects like MuslimFest. Despite the overwhelming participation from the Muslim community, it's not easy to convince Muslims to donate to this event.
How open and receptive most mainstream organizations, government bodies, and general public are to outreach projects like MuslimFest (as compared with mosque/religious events) that are non-threatening spaces of interaction.
How much great talent we have in the Canadian Muslim community. Every year, we witness a few rising stars.
What weaknesses or strengths has the event highlighted within the Muslim arts scene (if there is one)?
Yes, we do have a Muslim arts scene in its early stages of development in North America. A lot of new Muslim talent is showcased at MuslimFest every year. Our rising talent show has now expanded from one day to two days. Many upcoming artists also feature at the "Reviving the Islamic Arts" entertainment stage at the Reviving the Islamic Spirit Convention over the last two years. Both MuslimFest and RIS attract new young artists from all over Canada. Some even from the US.
Many Muslim organizations and mosques, who are quite conservative in operation and message, are now beginning to appreciate the idea of including artistic performances in their own programs. Some Islamic schools and teachers are being engaged to introduce creative Islamic arts lessons in their curriculum as well as their community events
On the other hand, while there are so many emerging artists interested in making a career out of their talent, there are hardly any resources, financial support, or professional advice for them in North America. The situation is similar in the UK and Europe. Even many well-known artists are struggling to stay afloat; most no longer have an Islamic media company distributing for them or representing them. Most artists are doing whatever they can independently. MuslimFest and Sound Vision are looking into introducing Artist Development Programs to assist the emerging Muslim talent.
Second, due to lack of appreciation for the Islamic arts and Muslim talent, many in the Muslim community are not willing to pay much for a concert or comedy show ticket. There is a need for more awareness about what is Islamically permissible and what isn't with regards to entertainment (including music, film, comedy, gender interaction etc.) While most of our community is cautious about what is halal (permissible) and haram (impermissible) with regards to food, many Muslims don't care when it comes to entertainment/socialization. Those who care, usually take it to the other extreme and view everything as haram.
Is there a generation gap — are Muslim youth more adept at sharing their stories and utilizing mainstream methods (spoken word, fictional storytelling,etc., ) much more so than the older generations?
Yes, absolutely. Almost 80 per cent of rising talent in North America is in their 20s or even younger. Muslim youth are increasingly realizing their creative potential. Interestingly there is a huge wave of spoken word artists that has emerged among younger Muslims in the past three years, almost out of nowhere, especially in Canada.
However, a great number of established Muslim celebrities today are actually older, in their 30s, 40s and 50's. They include: Preacher Moss, Azhar Usman, Dawud Wharnsby, Zain Bhikha, Baba Ali….etc.
What does that mean for the future of Muslim participation and contribution in the arts?
The future of Muslim participation, especially in the social justice arena utilizing arts to convey the message, seems very promising. Already we have powerful young Muslim spoken word artists from Canada like Sofia Baig, Boona Mohammed, Wafa, Jaffar Alam and other who are making their mark in the mainstream spoken word / poetry world. And we have celebrities like Amir Sulaiman, Def Poetry artists, who has attracted the attention of mainstream producers for his album.
How optimistic are you that Muslim voices will be the ones to take ownership of their own stories and actually share them with each other and the wider society?
That's a tough one. Only time will tell.
I believe we have some brilliant Muslim voices now in journalism as well as arts scene, who are doing their best to articulate their own stories their way. However, we still have a long way to go.
A great obstacle in our voices not being heard in the wider community is also the Islamophobic bias that is found in the major media outlets. Since media is profit-driven wants to sell stories that are controversial and that sizzle, they are not too interested in our "positive" stories.
The real challenge is to pitch our own stories in way that pique the media and wider community's interests.
While I am very optimistic about the Muslim arts scene, I would say we are still in our infancy stages, with a lot of instabilities and growing pains.
What to expect at MuslimFest
MuslimFest celebrates the best in Muslim arts, entertainment, culture, and food. MuslimFest attracts over 10,000 people every year. Visitors enjoy live performances, savour flavours from around the world, and participate in cultural artistic workshops, while building bridges with their Muslim neighbours.
Re-Published from "The Muslim Link" Website.
Filed under Canadian Muslims, Dawa & Outreach, Islamic Arts, Media, Muslim Youth
Tagged as Canadian Muslims, dawa, dawanet, Islamic art, muslim artist, Muslim Youth, MuslimFest, sound vision, Taha Ghayyur


Michigan Theatre of Jackson, on Saturday, May 18 th .
chance to see The Laugh Company reunited.
Cast: Alex Soper, Vannessa Williams, Adam Woolsey and Tommy Lopez.
All proceeds benefit the Michigan Theatre.
Tickets in advance are $5.00 (online) – or – $8.00 the day of the event.


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Q: Terraform Script Copy/Populate/Replicate Existing Key Vault Certificate into newly created Key Vault kindly see the below code so far i found and worked on, my main concern is to Copy/Replicate/Populate a certificate from Existing Key Vault into newly created key vault. when i run this i got Error .
Error: Invalid data source
on resources.tf line 98, in data "azurerm_key_vault_certificate" "Cert-Name":
98: data "azurerm_key_vault_certificate" "Cert-Name" {
The provider provider.azurerm does not support data source
"azurerm_key_vault_certificate".
data "azurerm_key_vault" "existing" {
  name                = "Test1-KV"
  resource_group_name = "Test1-RG"

}

data "azurerm_key_vault_certificate" "Cert-Name" {
  name         = "Cert-Name"
  key_vault_id  = data.azurerm_key_vault.existing.id

}

resource "azurerm_key_vault_certificate" "Cert-Name" {
  name         = "Cert-Name"
  key_vault_id = azurerm_key_vault.New-KV.id

  certificate_policy {
      issuer_parameters {
        name = "MyCompany CA"

    }
  key_properties {
      exportable = true
      key_size   = 2048
      key_type   = "SHA-1"
      reuse_key  = true
    }
  secret_properties {
      content_type = "application/x-pkcs12"
    }

  }
}

A: This issue was solved by @ydaetskcoR's comment, add it as the answer to close the question:
The azurerm_key_vault_certificate data source was released with v2.14.0. The version of azurerm is needed to be 2.14.0 or above.
As an example:
provider "azurerm" {
    version = "= 2.14.0"
}
# ... other configuration ...

For more details about azurerm, see this document.


Tri-Cities Community Health is a private, non-profit, 501(c)3 organization. As a community health center, we take pride in the fact that we don't turn anyone away, regardless of his or her ability to pay.
Our patients at Tri-Cities Community Health are not who you may think. Our patients may include your coffee barista, your hairdresser, your elderly neighbor, your child's daycare teacher and maybe even you.
We do get some funding each year from the federal government. Most of our annual income for operations comes from the services we provide and fundraisers.
Whatever the reason – a fundraiser, the holiday season or your annual tax write-off -- please consider donating to Tri-Cities Community Health. Thank you for your support.


text:
Q: Why does convergence in distribution not imply convergence in mean square sense? I know convergence in mean square sense implies convergence in distribution. But a distribution defines the moments of the random variable. Given the convergence in distribution, why don't we observe convergence in the moments? Should not the reverse also hold going by this logic?

A: Two things:

*

*Convergence in mean square (also called convergence in $L^2$) doesn't mean that $\mathbb{E}X^2_n\rightarrow \mathbb{E}X^2$ but that $\mathbb{E}\left(X-X_n\right)^2\rightarrow 0$ (equivalently: $\lVert X-X_n\rVert_2=\sqrt{\mathbb{E}(X-X_n)^2}\rightarrow 0$). One implication of this is that moments converge (as a consequence of the reverse triangular inequality), but it is also stronger because it says that the expected square distance between the sequence and its limit goes to $0$.

*Convergence in distribution doesn't imply convergence of the moments. A classic counterexample is to take for all $n\geq 0$ the random variable $X_n$ with $\mathbb{P}(X_n=2^n)=2^{-n}$ and $\mathbb{P}(X_n=0)=1-2^{-n}$. It can be shown that this sequence converges in probability (therefore in distribution) to $0$ but for all $n\geq 0$ we have $\mathbb{E}X_n=1\neq 0$. Note that, by the first point, this means that $(X_n)_{n\geq 0}$ does not converge to $0$ in $L^2$.


text:
August 14, 2014 • Written by Jonathan Spontarelli
Federal Judge Strikes Down Pennsylvania Campaign Finance Law
A federal judge in Pennsylvania struck down a state campaign finance law restricting the amount corporations and labor unions could donate to expenditure-only political committees. U.S. District Judge William W. Caldwell found Pennsylvania Election Code Section 3253(a) violates the First […]
A federal judge in Pennsylvania struck down a state campaign finance law restricting the amount corporations and labor unions could donate to expenditure-only political committees. U.S. District Judge William W. Caldwell found Pennsylvania Election Code Section 3253(a) violates the First Amendment by limiting the amount a corporation or labor group can donate to political committees only making independent expenditures.
In his decision, Judge Caldwell cites to the Supreme Court decision Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission declaring limitations on independent expenditures made by corporations and labor unions restrict free speech.
The case, in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania, is General Majority PAC v. Aichele et al.
April 29, 2014 • Written by Jonathan Spontarelli
Pennsylvania Legislature Looks to Kentucky for Guidance on Crafting Ethics Law
Counsel for the Kentucky Legislative Ethics Commission John Schaaf testified before the Pennsylvania Senate State Government Committee on Kentucky's strict ethics laws. Pennsylvania has one of the most lax ethics laws in the country, permitting officials to receive gifts in […]
Counsel for the Kentucky Legislative Ethics Commission John Schaaf testified before the Pennsylvania Senate State Government Committee on Kentucky's strict ethics laws. Pennsylvania has one of the most lax ethics laws in the country, permitting officials to receive gifts in any amount, while Kentucky recently made its own strict law even more stringent by prohibiting all lobbyist gifts. Pennsylvania's ethics laws have been under scrutiny after the recent allegations of legislators accepting cash payments from a lobbyist as part of a sting operation.
Schaaf testified about prior changes to Kentucky's law enacted in a special session in 1993, in response to several legislators charged with ethics violations by the FBI. Schaaf stressed the importance of getting a law on the books; once enacted, it is difficult to change.
However, Kentucky's ethics law only covers legislators and legislative candidates, and Pennsylvania Senator Lloyd Smucker, sponsor of a bill banning cash gifts, said broadening such a ban to other government employees makes the legislation more complex and may make it difficult to win support. Still, Pennsylvania's lawmakers were interested in Kentucky's approach to ethics, particularly the idea of an independent ethics commission available to answer questions from lawmakers and lobbyists.
Pennsylvania House Committee Bans Cash Gifts
The Pennsylvania House Bipartisan Management Committee has adopted an ethics rule banning cash gifts. The rule was imposed in response to the highly publicized sting operation involving four House members who allegedly took cash from a lobbyist. The rule permits […]
The Pennsylvania House Bipartisan Management Committee has adopted an ethics rule banning cash gifts.
The rule was imposed in response to the highly publicized sting operation involving four House members who allegedly took cash from a lobbyist.
The rule permits house members to receive cash from family members and non-lobbyist friends.
Photo of the Pennsylvania State Capitol courtesy of Michael180 on Wikimedia Commons.
March 21, 2014 • Written by Jonathan Spontarelli
Philadelphia Adopts Dollar Limit on Gifts
Philadelphia passed ethics legislation providing a dollar limit on gifts during its March 20 meeting. The legislation prohibits all city officers and employees from receiving gifts worth more than $99 in a calendar year from any donor, and bans all […]
Philadelphia passed ethics legislation providing a dollar limit on gifts during its March 20 meeting. The legislation prohibits all city officers and employees from receiving gifts worth more than $99 in a calendar year from any donor, and bans all cash gifts.
A number of exceptions are provided, including food and beverage at meetings and non-ticketed receptions.
The bill is expected to be signed by Mayor Nutter. Board of Ethics Executive Director Shane Creamer said the Board will begin working on new gift regulations once the bill is signed.
March 4, 2014 • Written by Jonathan Spontarelli
Super PAC Sues Over Pennsylvania Corporate Contribution Ban
A group billing itself as "the first nationwide super PAC focused on electing Democratic state legislators and other political leaders to build middle-class economic security" is challenging Pennsylvania's ban on corporate and labor union contributions. General Majority PAC filed suit […]
A group billing itself as "the first nationwide super PAC focused on electing Democratic state legislators and other political leaders to build middle-class economic security" is challenging Pennsylvania's ban on corporate and labor union contributions. General Majority PAC filed suit in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania in late February, alleging the prohibition on PACs from receiving corporate and labor union contributions to make independent expenditures chills its free speech rights and is contrary to the U.S. Supreme Court's Citizens United ruling.
Given the short amount of time until Pennsylvania's primary election, the group also requested an injunction to immediately suspend the law so it may begin operating in Pennsylvania as soon as possible. General Majority made clear it intends to register as a Pennsylvania PAC upon reaching the state's registration threshold, and will not coordinate with any state candidates or party committees.
February 25, 2014 • Written by Jonathan Spontarelli
Philadelphia Gift Ordinance Advances Out of Committee
A proposed ordinance setting a dollar limit for gifts has advanced out of committee. On February 24, the City Council's Committee on Law and Government voted to submit the bill for Council action. The proposed ordinance prohibits gifts exceeding $99 […]
A proposed ordinance setting a dollar limit for gifts has advanced out of committee. On February 24, the City Council's Committee on Law and Government voted to submit the bill for Council action.
The proposed ordinance prohibits gifts exceeding $99 per calendar year to any city officials or employees, and bans all cash gifts.
The ordinance could pass as early as next week.
January 31, 2014 • Written by Jonathan Spontarelli
Two New Proposals May Clarify Philadelphia Gift Law
Two proposals in Philadelphia could finally establish a dollar limit on gifts to city employees. The city's Board of Ethics again revised its proposed gift limit to $50 with an outright ban on cash gifts. The initial proposals allowed for […]
Two proposals in Philadelphia could finally establish a dollar limit on gifts to city employees. The city's Board of Ethics again revised its proposed gift limit to $50 with an outright ban on cash gifts.
The initial proposals allowed for some measure of cash gifts based on interpretation of city law allowing some cash gifts, enraging ethics watchdogs. After a reinterpretation by the city law department allowing the Board to ban cash gifts, the ban was included in the latest proposal. A final vote on the gift regulation is expected at the Board's February 19 meeting.
The Philadelphia City Council is also considering a gift measure, allowing city officials and employees to accept gifts up to $99. The Council's proposal also bans all cash gifts.
If the Council passes the gift law, the Board of Ethics will need to restart work on its gift regulation, as it can only pass regulations interpreting city law and may not impose a stricter limit than established by statute. Either way, the city appears to be on track in providing much needed clarification of its gift law.
December 20, 2013 • Written by Jonathan Spontarelli
Philadelphia Board of Ethics Struggles to Enact Gift Regulations
The Philadelphia Board of Ethics staff has released a revised gift proposal following claims its initial proposed limits were too lax. The new suggested limits are a ban on gifts of more than $100, with a limit of $25 on […]
The Philadelphia Board of Ethics staff has released a revised gift proposal following claims its initial proposed limits were too lax. The new suggested limits are a ban on gifts of more than $100, with a limit of $25 on cash gifts, per calendar year from any source not a family member of the recipient. The initial limits proposed were $200 per year, with a cap of $50 for cash gifts, resulting in outcry from watchdogs.
The new proposed limits were greeted with skepticism, however, because the provision allowing for cash gifts remained. Executive Director Shane Creamer insisted the Board cannot ban cash gifts altogether because the city code permits cash gifts, prompting the Board to decide on formally requesting the City Council to consider amending the code.
The suggested limits could drop yet again before the Board votes, as a number of Board members suggested a $50 annual limit was preferable. The Board could potentially vote on the rules at its January meeting.
November 7, 2013 • Written by Jonathan Spontarelli
Pennsylvania General Assembly Debuts New Website
The Pennsylvania General Assembly has launched a new and improved website. The new site makes it easier to track general assembly activities, with scheduled committee meetings listed right on the home page. The site also includes an improved legislative search […]
The Pennsylvania General Assembly has launched a new and improved website. The new site makes it easier to track general assembly activities, with scheduled committee meetings listed right on the home page. The site also includes an improved legislative search feature, with a new email tracking system allowing users to sign up for email alerts when legislation of interest changes status.
Senate Majority Leader Dominic Pileggi said the change was designed to bring greater transparency to the General Assembly's activities and make it easier for citizens to track legislative activities.
The Pennsylvania General Assembly website can be found at www.legis.state.pa.us.
October 22, 2013 • Written by Jennifer Zona, Esq.
Philadelphia Board of Ethics Proposes Gift Limits
Ethics watchdogs say limits are too low
The city Board of Ethics has proposed new gift regulations designed to clarify what is and is not permitted under the city code. The proposed limits would allow city officers and employees to accept gifts of up to $200 per year from a single source, including cash gifts up to $50. Currently, only gifts of substantial economic value given with the expectation of influencing the public official or employee are prohibited.
City watchdogs have criticized the proposed limits as being too lenient, but ethics board member Sanjuanita Gonzales suggested those limits could be subject to change after public input.
A hearing on the proposed regulations is scheduled for November 20.
September 20, 2013 • Written by John Cozine, Esq.
Pennsylvania Sets Special Election Date
Fills vacancy in 78th House District Seat
January 28, 2014 has been set as the date of a special election for the vacant 78th House District seat.
Local committee members from each party will select the nominees in conjunction with the state party.
As a result, there will be no primary election.
April 3, 2013 • Written by Shamus Williams, Esq.
Pittsburgh Mayoral Race Now Without Contribution Limits
Judge tosses city limits due to a former candidate's contribution to himself
The contributions limits in the upcoming Pittsburgh mayoral election have been removed by the courts. Judge Joseph James voided the city's contribution limits because of one candidate's decision to contribute his own money to his campaign.
Under city law, candidates may only accept $2,000 from individuals and $4,000 from PACs per covered election. However, if a candidate decides to use personal resources in excess of $50,000 for his or her campaign, then the contribution limitations are thrown out for all candidates in that specific race.
In this situation, Councilman Bill Peduto requested an injunction barring former state Auditor General Jack Wagner from using nearly $300,000 in contributions collected during previous campaigns. The judge ruled the use of the previous campaign funds to be a contribution, which would have exceeded the city's contribution limits.
Wagner's lawyers then turned their attention to Michael Lamb, the city controller who withdrew from the race earlier in the week. Lamb had given his campaign $53,000 of his own money, which voided the contribution limits and allowed Wagner to use the $300,000 in question. Lamb attempted to give $3,000 from the campaign back to himself in order to undo the contribution, but the judge ruled that the refund did not repair the breach.
The primary election for the mayoral office takes place on May 21, 2013 and the general election on November 5, 2013.
Photo of downtown Pittsburgh by Theeditor93 on Wikipedia.
March 12, 2013 • Written by Shamus Williams, Esq.
Pennsylvania Bill Proposes Gift Limit on Lobbyists
Governor's office supports government reforms
The Pennsylvania House of Representatives has introduced a bill with ramifications on the way lobbyists do business in the commonwealth. Currently, lobbyists may give gifts to anyone, provided there is no understanding the recipient will take an official action as a result of the gift. House Bill 855, however, would do away with this practice and limit the ability of lobbyists to give gifts.
The bill, introduced by representatives from both sides of the aisle, would prohibit public officers and candidates from receiving gifts from lobbyists and principals exceeding $50 in a calendar year. The bill would also limit the hospitality received by public officers and candidates from lobbyists and principals to $500 in a calendar year.
Gifts to public officials has become a hot topic in the commonwealth after reports surfaced saying Governor Tom Corbett has accepted gifts in the past.
When asked whether the governor would support a gift ban, spokeswoman Kelli Roberts said, "Governor Corbett has a tremendous record of transparency and enacting state government reforms, therefore, of course, he would be open to discussing any measures that help to further those goals."
Bills of this nature usually have a tough time gaining legislative approval, but with the current climate in the commonwealth, House Bill 855 may have a better chance to survive than most.
Seal of the State of Pennsylvania art by Henrik on Wikipedia.
February 11, 2013 • Written by Shamus Williams, Esq.
Philadelphia Councilman Proposes Change to Contribution Laws
Proposal in response to exposure of law's loophole
Philadelphia Councilman James Kenney has proposed an amendment to the city's contribution limits to close a loophole in the law. Currently, individuals may not contribute more than $2,900 per year to a candidate and PACs are limited to $11,500 per year to a candidate.
It was recently uncovered by NewsWorks, through campaign finance reports for 2012, that Councilman Bill Green received $35,000 in contributions from one person. This would appear to violate the city's contribution limits. However, it is perfectly legal under the current law.
According to the city's Board of Ethics director, Shane Creamer, a person could accept as much money as they wanted until they became an official candidate. The funds would have to be kept separate and it would be difficult to legally do, but it is not illegal.
Kenny's proposed amendment would help to shut this loophole down. Under the proposed ordinance, the contribution limits would include incumbents, which the proposed ordinance defines as any individual who currently holds elective city office. With this new law in effect, Green's actions in accepting the large contributions would have been illegal.


text:
Photo via Interscope Records.
The 1975 Debut "The Sound" on Annie Mac
by Hayden Manders
Sometimes you hear a song and you know it's going to be big. The 1975's latest, "The Sound," is one of them.
The third song off the Manchester foursome's forthcoming sophomore album I like it when you sleep is massive. Pounding piano chords pulse over a foot-tapping beat that explodes into an elated chorus. "Well I know when you're around 'cause I know the sound, I know the sound of your heart," Matty Healy sings over and over again. It's no wonder Annie Mac premiered it as today's hottest record on BBC Radio 1. It's the biggest and most poppy The 1975 has ever sounded, ambitiously walking the line between pop-rock and pure pop. Matty Healy's voice is fuller than ever here. It might be too early to say, but it sounds like we've got an album of the year on our hands. Or, at the very least, one of the year's most inventive. Listen to "The Sound" below.
I like it when you sleep, for you are so beautiful yet so unaware of it drops February 26th.
Larsen Thompson Embraces Imperfection On Debut Single "Roots"
Gracie Abrams & Gia Coppola On The Joy Of Free-Flowing Collaboration
Bad Bunny, Lizzo, Kim Petras Will Perform At The 2023 Grammys
Brendon Urie Officially Disbands Panic! At The Disco


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'Succession': Building the Unbearable Tension of That Memorable Boardroom Sequence
Editor Anne McCabe explains how the path to the climactic vote on the HBO series meant using every kind of tool to keep the momentum going.
Steve Greene
@stevebruin
Peter Kramer/HBO
One of the most stomach-wrenching episodes of TV from the past year came right in the middle of the debut season of the HBO series "Succession." Episode 6, dubbed "Which Side are You On?" is an hour of meticulously crafted dread, culminating in one of the series' most consequential showdowns.
Though most of the episode centers on Kendall (Jeremy Strong) and his efforts to unseat his father Logan (Brian Cox) from his position at the head of the family business, there's a tension simmering underneath every single character interaction. From the sting of the opening credits to the use of the folk song at the end that gives the episode its title, there's a sense of momentum building up to an uncertain "no confidence" vote at the end. Working with the episode's director Andrij Parekh, editor Anne McCabe was tasked with making sure that climactic boardroom drama felt earned.
"It's what's fun about this show. The camera's moving all the time. Andrij, he's a cinematographer as well as a director, so he had this idea to have the camera swirling around in circles. It's incredibly cool, but it is challenging because you don't want to feel like you're getting seasick or that we're seeing half of someone's head we don't really want to see," episode editor Anne McCabe told IndieWire.
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Within the hour, there are many tiny pieces of information needed to track the development of where everyone's strategies are at any given point. Doing so while keeping the overall flow of the episode intact became one of McCabe's biggest challenges. "It was carefully mining all the great moments where it was panning from the right little detail to the right person, like panning from [Company COO Frank Vernon, played by Peter Friedman] over to Roman. All that camera work was incredibly cool to work with, but you can't just constantly move from go from moving shot to moving shot. It's got to feel like it's all connected," McCabe said.
McCabe also was the editor on the pilot of "The Newsroom," so she's no stranger to cutting scenes featuring a snap zoom, one of the common points of visual emphasis throughout "Succession." "You never want to be cutting in the middle of the snap zoom. You have to be careful of the timing of everything. But it can be very effective if it's used for unsettling moments," McCabe said. "The thing with any camera movement is you can't manipulate it the same way you could a still shot that's exactly where we want. Obviously all the movement gives it a dynamic and makes things exciting, like any movement can. But certainly you don't want to overuse it."
Part of making sure that the episode kept that sense of propulsion was making sure the pivotal character in the episode's biggest scene literally kept moving forward. When Kendall is held up on his drive back into Manhattan, he tries to keep his grand plan intact as he makes his way through crowded streets.
"With Jeremy Strong running along, every time we cut to him, he's moving. There was a version early on where he was stopping to make a speech, like he had to catch his breath. But in the final edit we were just like, 'Let's just keep him moving. He's so zoned in on getting there, so let's never have him stop,'" McCabe said.
Editing this sequence also meant knowing what to leave out. McCabe said that there was originally more Kendall dialogue while he's stuck inside the tunnel. With the character so tantalizingly close to the Waystar Royco offices, it was more effective to let the bumper-to-bumper traffic heighten Kendall's anxiety. Sometimes, those kinds of adjustments come from the need to preserve the show's tricky tone.
"We actually had a moment where he got off of the wrong floor and then runs back into the elevator. But that started to feel almost too comic," McCabe said. "This show is always riding between humor and tension. I love the humor in the show and it's great when it pays off. But you've got to feel with Kendall like, 'Oh shit, he's really almost there!' And having him get off at the wrong floor felt like, 'Well, now we're just to the point of silliness,' even though he played it really well."
One of the things that helps the episode build so smartly to its tense finish is the idea that there's a fuse waiting to be lit at any moment. So much of "Which Side Are You On?" takes place in restaurants, with characters situated in place at tables. "The structure of this episode — in the beginning there are all these meals. Everybody's sitting down at a diner. It's actually quite hard to keep the tension up because there's two people sitting across from each other at a table. But the dialogue is so fantastic and the actors and Andrij did a wonderful job. Every time you're in a different location, we put different types of music so you'd feel a shift. It was sort of boiling down each scene to what really mattered," McCabe said.
That constant even extends to the scenes that, on the surface, might seem like an exception. Tom (Matthew McFadyen) and Greg (Nicholas Braun) are undoubtedly part of the comic relief (Braun playing Greg's barely-contained horror at the arrival of ortolan to their table is a thing of beauty), but there's an unpredictability to their interactions that McCabe said helped feed into the overall feel of the episode.
"I think the whole thing between the two of them is that it's incredibly uncomfortable. You just never know what's going to happen. You don't know which Tom is going to turn up," McCabe said. "If Brian Cox is King Lear, those two are the fools. In editing, you're always trying to change up the rhythm. You want to go from a serious scene to a comic scene, a fast-paced scene to a slow-paced scene. You want to try to create those beats."
Even with a late-episode bombshell, McCabe tried to help preserve the feeling that no one except for Logan is 100% sure what just happened. After the better part of an hour of pulse-pounding corporate theatrics, everyone is a little dazed. After cutting between a dozen different perspectives, the ending lingers on father and son, as the folk song that gives the episode its title plays (a needle-drop that came directly from the script).
"I think that at the end, Kendall actually feels a tiny bit of relief as well as dejection. There he is with all the regular people in the world. In terms of editing and places to have a lot of tension, there's definitely places where it's great to let it breathe, let the amazing cinematography and the actors do their job," McCabe said. "I love that shot where Logan is just sitting there, playing with the ball. He's making the President wait. We don't need to cut it all up to show the tension there."
This Article is related to: Awards and tagged Consider This, HBO, Succession