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Recent works (Compositions and Transcriptions) - 最新の自作と編曲
Some new compositions and transcriptions have been just added! [ August 20, 2019]
Brahms, "Sommerabend", Op.85, No. 1 - Transcribed for piano [2018]
Brahms, "Komm bald", Op.97, No. 5 - Transcribed for piano [2018]
Hatzidakis, "Never on Sunday" - Transcribed for piano [2018]
Brahms, "Immer leiser wird mein Schlummer", Op. 105, No. 2 - Transcribed for the left hand alone [2018]
Brahms, "Sommerabend", Op.85, No. 1 - Transcribed for the left hand alone [2018]
Brahms, "Wie Mielodien zieht es mir", Op. 105, No. 1 - Transcribed for the left hand alone [2018]
Brahms, "Feldeinsamkeit", Op. 86, No. 2 - Transcribed for the left hand alone [2018]
Chopin, Impromptu, Op. 29 - Transcribed for violin and piano [May, 2018]
Brahms, "Wie Melodien zieht es mir" from 5 Lieder, Op. 105 - Transcribed for violin and piano [May, 2018]
Mendelssohn, Lieder ohne Worte, Op. 19, No. 1 [May, 2018]
Mozart, Requiem ("Introitus - Kyrie", "Recordare", "Lacrimosa", "Agnus Dei - Communio - Luz Aeternam") for Piano Duet [April, 2018]
Schumann, Bunte Blatter, Op. 99 - Transcribed for violin and piano [2018]
Schumann, Intermezzo (from Carnaval de Vienne, Op. 26) - Transcribed for violin and piano [March, 2018]
Mozart, Rondo in A minor, K. 511 - Transcribed for violin and piano [March, 2018]
Schumann, 3 Noveletten [Nos. 1, 4 & 8] (from 8 Novelletten, Op. 21) - Transcribed for violin and piano [2018]
Schumann, Romances, Op. 28 - Transcribed for violin and piano [2018]
Schumann, Waldszenen, Op. 82 - Transcribed for violin and piano [2018]
Meinders, "ElsaLonso" - Suite for 4 hands based on 6 Granados songs [February 6th, 2018]
Abril, Non te pares a mio puerta - Transcribed for Piano Duet (4 hands) [February 4th, 2018]
Delibes, Les filles de Cadix - Transcribed for Piano Duet (4 hands) [February 3rd, 2018]
Gershwin, Embraceable you (2nd version) - Transcribed for solo piano [January 30th, 2018]
Tchaikovsky, Waltz (from 12 Pieces, Op. 40) - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January 29th, 2018]
Tchaikovsky, Nocturne (from 6 Pieces, Op. 19) - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January 28th, 2018]
Tchaikovsky, Valse sentimentale (from 6 Pieces, Op. 51) - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January 27th, 2018]
Chopin, Etude opus posth. No. 3 "Meditation" - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January 25th, 2018]
Chopin, Etude opus posth. No. 3 - Transcribed for violin and piano [January 16th, 2018]
Dowland, "What if i never speed?" - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January 10th, 2018]
Dowland, "If my complaints could passions move" - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January 10th, 2018]
Gershwin, "Emraceable you" (3rd version) - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January 7th, 2018]
Meinders, Prelude and Fugue for the left hand alone [January 6th, 2018]
Meinders, Paganini Variations [revised version] for the left hand alone [January, 2018]
De Groot, 5 Homenajes - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January, 2018]
De Groot, 5 Homenajes - Transcribed for Piano Duet (4 hands) [January, 2018]
Schumann, 6 Pieces from "Kinderszenen", Op. 15 - Transcribed for the left hand alone [January 3rd, 2018]
Schumann, Kinderszenen, Op. 15 - Transcribed for violin and piano [December, 2017]
Brahms, Clarinet Trio, Op. 114 - Transcribed for 2 pianos [December, 2017]
Brahms, Intermezzo, Op. 76, No. 4 - Transcribed for violin and piano [October, 2017]
Brahms, Intermezzo, Op. 117, No. 3 - Transcribed for violin and piano [October, 2017]
Brahms, No. 1 from 4 Klavierstücke, Op. 119 - Transcribed for violin and piano [October, 2017]
Meinders, Walzer Paraphrase for the left hand alone [September 26-27th, 2017]
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. I, No. 14 in F-sharp minor, BWV 859 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. I, No. 23 in B major, BWV 868 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. I, No. 24 in B minor, BWV 869 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. II, No. 3 in C-sharp major, BWV 872 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. II, No. 4 in C-sharp minor, BWV 873 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. II, No. 9 in E major, BWV 878 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. II, No. 11 in F major, BWV 880 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. II, No. 14 in F-sharp minor, BWV 883- Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. II, No. 19 in A major, BWV 888 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. II, No. 21 in B-flat major, BWV 890 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier Vol. II, No. 24 in B minor, BWV 869 - Transcribed for violin and piano
Meinders, Capriccio "in style of J.S. Bach" - for violin and piano [August 29th, 2017]
Jobim, Sem voce - Transcribed for violin and piano
Jobim, Teu castigo - Transcribed for violin and piano
Jobim, Olha pro céu - Transcribed for violin and piano
Jobim, Vem viver âo meu lado - Transcribed for violin and piano
Jobim, Mágoa - Transcribed for violin and piano
Jobim, Anos dourados - Transcribed for violin and piano
Jobim, Domingo azul do mar - Transcribed for violin and piano.
Jobim, Anos Dourados - Transcribed for the left hand alone [August 16th, 2017]
Jobim, Corcovado - Transcribed for 4 hands, piano duet [July, 2017]
Jobim, Insensatez - Transcribed for the left hand alone [August 12th, 2017]
Jobim, Mágoa - Transcribed for the left hand alone [August 11th, 2017]
Jobim, O que Tinha de Ser- Transcribed for the left hand alone [August 15th, 2017]
Jobim, Olha pro ceu - Transcribed for the left hand alone [August 8th, 2017]
Jobim, Teu Castigo - Transcribed for the left hand alone [August 11th, 2017]
Jobim, Valsa do Amor de Nós Dois - Transcribed for the left hand alone [August 18th, 2017]
Tchaikovsky, Sérénade mélancolique, Op. 26 - Transcribed for solo piano [July, 2017]
Massenet, Élégie - Transcribed for solo piano [July 11th, 2017]
Massenet, Élégie - Transcribed for the left hand alone [July 11th, 2017]
Tchaikovsky, Sérénade mélancolique, Op. 26 - Transcribed for 2 pianos [July, 2017]
Jobim, Caminhos cruzados - Transcribed for the left hand alone [July, 2017]
Jobim, Passarim - Transcribed for 4 hands, piano duet [July, 2017]
Jobim, Luiza - Transcribed for 4 hands, piano duet [July, 2017]
Jobim, Brigas nunca mais - Transcribed for 4 hands, piano duet [July, 2017]
Jobim, Acho que sim- Transcribed for violin and piano [July, 2017]
Jobim, Garota de Ipanema - Transcribed for 4 hands, piano duet [July, 2017]
Meinders, Rumba - Transcribed for 6 hands, one piano [June 20th, 2017]
Rachmaninoff, "So many hours, so many fancies", Op. 4, No. 6 - Transcribed for solo piano [June 17th, 2017]
Rachmaninoff, "Let us rest", Op. 26, No. 12 - Transcribed for solo piano [June 16th, 2017]
Rachmaninoff, "The Heart's Secret", Op. 26, No. 1 - Transcribed for solo piano [June 12th, 2017]
Ellington, "Sophisticated Lady" - Transcribed for solo piano [June 12th, 2017]
Bach (J.S.), 2nd movement (from Concerto for 2 Harpsichords in C major, BWV 1061) [June, 2017]
Strauss (R.), "September" (from Vier letzte Lieder) - Transcribed for solo piano [May 30th, 2017]
Strauss (R.), "Beim Schlafengehen" (from Vier letzte Lieder) - Transcribed for solo piano [May 30th, 2017]
Strauss (R.), "Im Abendrot" (from Vier letzte Lieder) - Transcribed for solo piano [May, 2017]
Strauss (R.), "Frühling" (from Vier letzte Lieder) - Transcribed for solo piano [May 28th, 2017]
Bach, Concerto for 2 Violins in D minor, BWV 1043 - Transcribed for 2 pianos [May, 2017]
Meinders, Partita (im Stile von Bach) for the left hand alone [May 6th, 2017]
Gershwin, Somebody loves me (2nd version) - Transcribed for 2 pianos [May 1st, 2017]
Bloom (Rube), "Don't worry 'bout Me" - Transcribed for solo piano [April 26th, 2017]
Taki, "Flower" - Transcribed for the left hand alone [March 27th, 2017]
Korngold, "Glückwunsch" (No. 1 from 5 Lieder, Op. 38) - Transcribed for solo piano [March 27th, 2017]


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Viagogo Ltd v (1) Paul Myles (2) Hardcash Productions (3) Channel Four Corporation
Reference: [2012] EWHC 433 (Ch)
Court: Chancery Division
Judge: Hildyard J
Date of judgment: 23 Feb 2012
Summary: Breach of confidence - Interim Injunction - Commercial confidence - Employment contract - Express confidentiality clause - Surreptitious filming - Secret filming - Public Interest
Appearances: Adrienne Page QC - Leading Counsel (Defendant) Yuli Takatsuki (Defendant)
Instructing Solicitors: Lewis Silkin LLP for the Claimant; Wiggin LLP for the Defendants
Viagogo (C) is a company which operates Europe's largest online ticket market-place. It sought to prevent allegedly confidential information from being broadcast by Channel 4 in a current affairs documentary "Dispatches: The Great Ticket Scandal", produced by Hardcash Productions. The documentary sought to investigate how C's website is used to provide a market place not only for the resale of tickets by fans to other fans, but also for the sale of tickets by primary providers such as concert promoters and allocators.
The Ds had obtained surreptitious footage through an 'employee' (D1) who had gained employment at C's London headquarters as a customer service associate. D1 had signed an employment contract with C containing an express confidentiality clause.
The Ds had warned C of the allegations on 7 February, stating that the programme would be broadcast on 23 February. However, C did not send a substantive response until 20 Feb and did not initiate injunction proceedings until 21 Feb.
C stated that it did not seek to prevent C4 from airing defamatory allegations but rather, their concern was that D1, whilst employed, had gained access to commercially confidential information such as the names of specific primary ticket providers and contractual partners, their terms of business, and the quantities and sale volumes of the tickets concerned.
(1) Whether the information sought to be protected is confidential.
(2) If so, whether there is a public interest in disclosure such as to outweigh the confidentiality.
(1) In respect of whether the information was confidential in nature:
As to information about the fact of C's relationship with specific primary ticket providers, there was no documentary or supporting evidence that such promoters and allocators regarded the information to be confidential. They had also been notified of the allegations by the Ds and none of them had voiced objection to the programme or supported C in the proceedings. The information was unlikely to be confidential.
As to information regarding the details of the terms of business between C and its contractual partners, this was more likely to be confidential.
(2) However, the public interest in disclosure in all the circumstances of this case would be likely to outweigh any right to confidence. C had previously made public statements which appeared to be misleading and inaccurate – to the effect that it was operating a 'fan-to-fan' ticket exchange rather than a primary market place. There was real substance in the point that the C was concealing from the public that its website is used for a substantial amount of primary ticket sales and that its aim in seeking to prevent disclosure was to prevent members of the public finding out (i) the true source of many tickets; and (ii) the extent of C's collusion with promoters and professional sellers so that they benefit from a huge mark-up on tickets which were never available for sale at face value to the public.
(3) The Judge also took into account three further factors: (i) the latitude which the court, because it is not experienced and wary of intervening in the editorial function, allows to journalism; (ii) that the information intended to be included in the broadcast included information that was obtained covertly; and (iii) entirely pragmatic considerations that the process of editing which would be required to omit the allegedly confidential information would cut through the programme as a whole and might well so delay editing as to prevent its broadcast on the given day. It was C who was to blame for the delay in bringing the proceedings.
(4) It was further arguable that C's real purpose for the application was to protect its reputation, not its confidences.
(5) In all the circumstances, C had not shown that it was 'likely' to succeed at trial, as required by s.12(3) HRA 1998.
A classic application of the well-established principles of the law of confidence, as set out in Coco v Clark [1969] RPC 41. There was found to be a clear public interest in this case of correcting misleading public statements. The claimant sought to appeal this decision in the Court of Appeal that same day, just hours before the programme was due to be broadcast. The Master of the Rolls refused permission, finding that Hildyard J in the High Court had approached the issues with great care and was more than entitled to reach the views he did. The MR further emphasised that the claimant had not acted promptly enough in bringing the application and had not satisfied the court that it could provide a sufficient cross-undertaking in damages.
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NewsLocal Property
Local Property
news, local-property,
A new project at Corrimal is set to deliver a mix of private, social and affordable housing. Traders In Purple have been awarded a tender by the NSW Government to redevelop a vacant site at 1-4 Robert Street, Corrimal. The redevelopment of the decommissioned school site is part of the NSW government's Communities Plus program. Read more: Property valuation and advisory company Herron Todd White provides overview of Illawarra's property market in 2018 The tender required delivery of an integrated private, social and affordable housing development whereby a number of homes are returned to the NSW Government and managed by a community housing provider on completion. The vacant site is planned to accommodate 34 new dwellings. The Corrimal project would deliver 13 townhouses to the private market and a three-storey, 21-apartment building comprised of 14 private market dwellings, seven social dwellings and three affordable dwellings. A development application has been lodged with Wollongong City Council. "We are aiming for construction to commence once an approval is received, expected in the first half of 2019, and hope that these homes can be occupied as soon as possible," TIP director Charles Daoud said. Earlier this year, innovative proposals were sought to deliver about 60 new affordable, social and private housing dwellings at a Crown Street site. The Wollongong site is part of the Communities Plus program, aiming to utilise social housing sites for redevelopment to provide more social housing mixed with private and affordable housing. A fire at 15-19 Crown Street, Wollongong in 2016 led to the loss of six of the complex's 22 units, with the affected tenants subsequently relocated to alternative accommodation. Expressions of interest were sought for the redevelopment of the site. Minister for Social Housing Pru Goward said they were hoping the redevelopment would increase the number of dwellings to about 60. Read more: Expressions of Interest being sought to deliver about 60 new affordable, social and private housing dwellings at Crown Street, Wollongong
https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/crop/frm/nxytTGiVvgkfKtUJaBBBHD/26fcafb2-8b32-4b83-ae12-db38a2093a6c.jpg/r213_435_2684_1831_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
December 5 2018 - 3:39PM
Redevelopment of Corrimal site would create private, social and affordable housing
ARTIST'S IMPRESSION: The redevelopment would transform the vacant site into 34 private, affordable and social dwellings. Picture: Supplied
A new project at Corrimal is set to deliver a mix of private, social and affordable housing.
Traders In Purple have been awarded a tender by the NSW Government to redevelop a vacant site at 1-4 Robert Street, Corrimal.
The redevelopment of the decommissioned school site is part of the NSW government's Communities Plus program.
Read more: Property valuation and advisory company Herron Todd White provides overview of Illawarra's property market in 2018
The tender required delivery of an integrated private, social and affordable housing development whereby a number of homes are returned to the NSW Government and managed by a community housing provider on completion.
The vacant site is planned to accommodate 34 new dwellings.
The Corrimal project would deliver 13 townhouses to the private market and a three-storey, 21-apartment building comprised of 14 private market dwellings, seven social dwellings and three affordable dwellings.
A development application has been lodged with Wollongong City Council.
"We are aiming for construction to commence once an approval is received, expected in the first half of 2019, and hope that these homes can be occupied as soon as possible," TIP director Charles Daoud said.
Earlier this year, innovative proposals were sought to deliver about 60 new affordable, social and private housing dwellings at a Crown Street site.
The Wollongong site is part of the Communities Plus program, aiming to utilise social housing sites for redevelopment to provide more social housing mixed with private and affordable housing.
A fire at 15-19 Crown Street, Wollongong in 2016 led to the loss of six of the complex's 22 units, with the affected tenants subsequently relocated to alternative accommodation.
Expressions of interest were sought for the redevelopment of the site.
Minister for Social Housing Pru Goward said they were hoping the redevelopment would increase the number of dwellings to about 60.
Read more: Expressions of Interest being sought to deliver about 60 new affordable, social and private housing dwellings at Crown Street, Wollongong
Illawarra prison escapee Sunjay Dayal arrested 600km away
Illawarra coal mines ramping up, South32 tells investors


text:
Standardized bee venom preparation
Bee venom may be administered in a standardized formulation with or without relatively small amounts of anesthetic. In particular, the results of the combination of venom and anesthetic dramatically decreased pain and discomfort for patients undergoing apitherapy.
Kim, Christopher M. (Seoul, KR)
A61K35/64; A61K35/63
20050053661 Pharmaceutical compositions comprising metformine and glibenclamide for the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus March, 2005 Tosetti et al.
20090060944 Enhancer Of The Effect Of Adrenocorticoid,Comprising Gum Arabic March, 2009 Kubo et al.
20050112151 SKIN ADHERENT HYDROGELS May, 2005 Horng
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20030129206 Medicament for the immunotherapy of malignant tumours July, 2003 Ulbrich et al.
20070172431 Methods, systems and compositions for skin care July, 2007 Galumbeck
20100015203 BIOCOMPATIBLE FIBRINOGEN MATRIX ON A SOLID SUPPORT January, 2010 Tengvall et al.
20080008734 Reduction of skin irritation caused by biomedical electrodes January, 2008 Perrault et al.
Benton et al, Science 142: 228-230, October 11, 1963.
Muller et al, J Allergy and Clinical Immunology 68(4): 254-61, Oct 1981.
HUYNH, PHUONG N
LERNER, DAVID, LITTENBERG, (CRANFORD, NJ, US)
1. A standardized bee venom preparation suitable for administration by injection comprising: a liquid carrier and admixed therein between about 0.1 mg to about 10.0 mg by weight of bee venom per mL of said liquid carrier, said preparation being filtered through a filter, wherein said standardized bee venom preparation is substantially free of bacteria or viruses.
2. A standardized bee venom preparation that is substantially free of bacteria or viruses.
3. The standardized bee venom preparation of claim 2 that is substantially free of bacteria.
4. The standardized bee venom preparation of claim 3 that is further substantially free of bacterial debris.
5. The standardized bee venom preparation of claim 3 that is further substantially free of viruses.
6. The standardized bee venom preparation of claim 2 that is substantially free of viruses.
7. The standardized bee venom preparation of claim 6 that is further substantially free of bacteria.
9. A method of producing a bee venom preparation, comprising (a) dissolving dried bee venom crystals in water to obtain a bee venom solution; and (b) purifying said bee venom solution to remove bacteria, bacterial debris, or viruses.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein said purifying step is carried out by a means selected from the group consisting of filtration with a filter, reverse phase chromatography, affinity chromatorgraphy, recrystallization, immunochemical precipitation, and membrane permeation.
11. The method of claim 9, wherein said dried bee venom crystals is collected by a method comprising (i) placing an extractor in front of a bee hive, wherein said extractor comprises an inner and an outer frame, said outer frame comprising wires that can be alternately grounded and charged, and said inner frame comprising a stretched silicone rubber sheet, wherein said inner frame is placed in said outer frame such that a bee in contact with two consecutive wires can force its stinger into said silicone rubber sheet; (ii) applying an electric current to said wires of said extractor, wherein said electric current is alternatively on and off; (iii) removing said inner frame from said extractor; and (iv) collecting dried bee venom crystals from said inner frame.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein said electric current is alternatively on for five seconds on and off for three seconds.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/690,772, filed Oct. 22, 2003, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/615,437, filed Jul. 13, 2000, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to the fields of medicine and pharmacy, and specifically to bee venom formulations and methods of making and using same.
Apitherapy is the medicinal use of various products of Apis mellifera (the common honeybee) including raw honey, pollen, propolis, beeswax, royal jelly and venom. Various studies attribute antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and anticancer potentiating properties to honey.
In China, for example, raw honey is applied to burns as an antiseptic and a pain killer. Recently, propolis has been identified as containing substances called caffeic esters that inhibit the development of precancerous changes in the colon of rats given a known carcinogen. Preparations from pieces of honeycomb containing pollen are reported to be successful for treating allergies and bee pollen is touted as an excellent food. This review focuses on related research materials about bee venom to treat chronic inflammatory painful illness.
Indeed, various forms of apitherapy have been used since ancient times. Ancient writers as diverse as Hesiod (800 BC), Aristophanes (450-388 BC), Varro (166-27 BC) and Columella (First Century AD) all wrote on the cultivation of the hive. Hippocrates (460-377 BC), the Father of Medicine, used it and call it Arcanum—a very mysterious remedy. Galan (131-201 AD), the Father of Experimental Physiology, mentioned it in his treatises on medicine. Charlemagne (742-814 AD) is said to have had himself treated with bee stings. The Koran (XVI:71) refers to bee venom in the following terms: "There proceeded from their bellies a liquor wherein is a medicine for men." For apitherapy and the scientific understanding of bees, real progress began about 100 years ago when physician Phillip Terc of Austria advocated the deliberate use of bee stings in his work: Report about a Peculiar Connection Between the Beestings and Rheumatism.
Today's proponents of apitherapy cite the benefits of bee venom and other bee derived products for alleviating chronic pain and for treating many ailments including various rheumatic diseases involving inflammation and degeneration of connective tissue (e.g., several types of arthritis), neurological disease (migraine, peripheral neuritis, chronic low back pain), autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis, lupus) and dermatological conditions (eczema, psoriasis, herpes virus infections). In contrast, interest in bees has been sporadic in conventional medicine, focusing mainly on two areas unrelated to the therapeutic uses proposed above. These areas are: (i) the danger of hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylactic shock, from the sting of insects of the genus Apis; (ii) the use of bee venom itself as immunotherapy for allergic reaction to such stings, especially to prevent life-threatening anaphylactic reactions in adults.
Despite the promise of apitherapy in alternative medicine circles, for the reasons discussed above as well as the absence of standardized bee venom preparations and limited protocols for bee venom's effective use, the application of bee venom in mainstream medicine has languished. In addition to the foregoing, apitherapy is often painful. The use of actual bees for the administration of bee venom can be dangerous and difficult to control. It is also difficult for people to overcome their aversion to insects and being stung. Even if administered by less painful techniques, such as by acupuncture, bee venom itself causes a unique combination of pain, burning and irritation. Such therapy can leave one asking whether the treatment is worse than the condition. In view of the foregoing, there remains a need for standardized formulations and methods for administering apitherapy to patients in need of such therapies. Methods which avoid the use of actual bees and which can reduce the pain associated with apitherapy are particularly desirable. It is to these problems that the present invention is addressed.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a standardized bee venom preparation suitable for administration by injection. This bee venom preparation comprises a liquid carrier which is mixed with between about 0.1 and about 10 milligrams (mg) by weight of bee venom per milliliter (mL) of liquid carrier. The preparation can also include excipients such as diluents, preservatives, buffers, viscosity modifiers, co-solvents and the like. Preferably, the bee venom will be provided in an amount of between about 0.5 and about 5.0 mg per mL of liquid carrier.
Preferably, the bee venom will also include between about 0.01 and about 1 mg of melittin and between about 80 to about 9500 micrograms (mcg) total protein per mL of carrier. Most preferably, the bee venom used will include between about 0.04 and about 0.05 mg of melittin and between about 800 to about 950 mcg total protein per mL of carrier.
Preferably, the standardized bee venom preparation in accordance with the present invention is filtered through a 25 micrometer (mcm) filter (or better) so as to remove bacteria, bacterial debris, viruses and other contaminants. The formulations of this aspect of the present invention are sufficiently pure to provide safe and effective therapy through a standard injection intradermally, subcutaneously or intramuscularly. They are more highly purified than other bee venom preparations known in the art. Yet they retain the most active components of bee venom and may be obtained using commercially viable technology. They therefore represent a unique compromise of safety and efficacy as well as convenience and cost.
Another aspect of the present invention is the provision of compounds useful in apitherapy which greatly reduce the discomfort normally associated with apitherapy. Frequently, apitherapy involves multiple injections of relatively small doses of bee venom at various sites. By way of example only, 1 mL containing 1 mg of bee venom could be administered in as many as 50 injections at the inflicted area and surrounding same. About 0.1 mL doses, each containing 0.1 mg of bee venom, would therefore be delivered via each injection. Each of the 50 injections can cause the pain, burning, itching and irritation, as well as potentially swelling and inflammation normally associated with a bee sting. These are collectively referred to herein as "irritation." It has been found that conventional topically applied anesthetics, are ineffective in overcoming or reducing these unfortunate side effects. They can lessen the discomfort associated with being stuck by a needle but they do little to mitigate the irritation caused by the injected bee venom.
It is quite unexpected, therefore, to find that anesthetics and in particular, topical or local anesthetics, can be injected along with the bee venom, or shortly before or after, directly into the bee venom's injection site. When applied in this manner, even at doses and concentrations far lower than those normally used for topical and local applications for treatments as painful as bee venom, such as below 2%, it has been found that the irritation associated with the injection of bee venom can be reduced appreciably. Indeed, while anesthetics may be used in amounts of 1 to 2% topically, much more is often required for very painful procedures. It was very surprising to learn that amounts as low as 2 mg/injection and less produced meaningful reductions in discomfort. Indeed, it was particularly surprising to observe these advantages at only 10 times the amount of venom administered and below.
Not only was the amount of anesthetic used when applied in this fashion surprising, so too was the way in which it acted. Anesthetics applied topically and intradermally would be expected, at these concentrations and quantities, to provide some form of pain relief for only a few moments. They might help with the initial pain of the injection. However, bee venom can be very painful for as much as 10-15 minutes after injection, much longer than such a small amount of anesthetic should be expected to provide any relief. Yet, it was surprisingly found that anesthetics applied as described herein can actually provide adequate pain relief long after the injection. Indeed, pain relief was consistent. That is to say that patients did not, after 5 or 10 minutes, suddenly realize a higher level of pain as the anesthetic wore off.
Therefore, compounds in accordance with this aspect of the present invention include a therapeutically effective amount of bee venom and at least one anesthetic provided in an amount which is sufficient to reduce the irritation associated with the injection of the bee venom. In one preferred aspect of the present invention, the bee venom and the anesthetic are intermixed and administered as a single preparation. However, the compound in accordance with the present invention may also be produced in situ, in the injection site, by first injecting a patient with the appropriate amount of anesthetic and then the appropriate amount of bee venom or vice versa.
Generally, the anesthetic is provided in a ratio of between about 20:1 to about 1:10 by weight relative to the weight of the bee venom. Preferably, the ratio is 10:1-1:10 by weight. However, more preferably, the anesthetic and bee venom are provided in a 3:1 to about a 1:1 weight ratio. Both the bee venom and the anesthetic are preferably provided in combination with at least one excipient or at least one liquid carrier. The amount of bee venom generally present in each mL of the compounds of this aspect of the present invention range from between about 0.1 to about 10 mg and the bee venom used is preferably the standardized bee venom preparation described above.
The present invention also relates to methods of administering bee venom to a patient so as to reduce the patient's discomfort during treatment by administering, simultaneously or consecutively, as previously discussed, both a therapeutically effective amount of bee venom and at least one anesthetic. Both are administered intradermally, subcutaneously or intramuscularly and to the same injection sites (i.e., if the anesthetic is administered intradermally to a specific spot on a patient's left knee, the bee venom is also administered intradermally to that same spot).
The amount of anesthetic provided in accordance with these methods is an amount which is sufficient to reduce the irritation associated with the injection of the therapeutically effective amount of bee venom. Typically, each injection in accordance with these methods will deliver between about 0.01 to about 11.0 mg of bee venom and more preferably between about 0.05 to about 0.5 mg per injection. Most preferably, about 0.1 mg would be administered per injection. The total amount of bee venom administered per treatment session will depend upon the number of injections. Similarly, the amount of anesthetic administered per injection will range from between about 0.01 to about 10 mg and more preferably between about 0.10 to about 11.0 mg per injection. Most preferably, the amount of anesthetic administered will be about 0.1 mg to about 0.3 mg per injection.
In another aspect of the present invention, there are provided methods of treating rheumatoid, osteo, gouty, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, fibromyalgia, fibromyositis, myofascial dysfunction pain syndrome, tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, frozen shoulder, bursitis, tendonitis, chronic surgical inflammation of soft and bony tissue, peripheral neuritis, neuralgia, migraine, eczema, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis and lupus as well as other autoimmune, neurological, dermatological and degenerative diseases by the administration of bee venom preparation in the pharmaceutical compounds as described above.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Bee venom, in accordance with the present invention, generally refers to the venom of Apis mellifera (the honeybee). The general composition of bee venom is provided in Table 1 below.
Typical biochemical compositions of the bee venom
MOL. %
DESCRIPTION COMPONENT WT. (DRY VENOM)
Peptides Melittin 2,840 40-50
Apamin 2,036 2-3
MCD-Peptide (Peptide 2,588 2-3
Adolapin 11,500 1.0
Protease Inhibitor 9,000 <0.8
Secarpin 0.5
Tertiapin 0.1
Melittin F 0.01
Procamine A, B 1.4
Minimine 6,000 2-3
Cardiopep? <0.7
Enzymes Hyaluronidase 38,000 1.5-2.0
Phospholiase A2 19,000 10-12
α-Glucosidase 170,000 0.6
Acid 55,000 1.0
Phosphomponesterase
Lysophospholipase 22,000 1.0
Physiologically Histamine 0.6-1.6
Active Dopamine 0.13-1.0
amines Norepinephrine 0.1-0.7
Nonpeptide Carbohydrates:
Components Glucose and <2.0
Lipids:
6 Phospholipids 4-5
γ-Aminobutyric <0.5
β-Aminoisobutyric <0.01
By weight of the dry venom, the most significant component is a peptide known as melittin which is known to stimulate the hypophyseal-adrenal system and produces cortisone. It is 100 times more potent than hydrocortisone. Melittin is also known to stabilize lysosome cell membranes which provide protection against inflammation. The other main pharmacological components include apamin, MCD-peptide (also known as peptide 401), adolapin and various protease inhibitors. Apamin works like melittin. It also inhibits the complement system, C3, which is involved in inflammation. MCD-peptide blocks arachidonic acid and inhibits prostaglandin synthesis. Adolapin inhibits microsomal cyclooxygenase. It also inhibits lipoxygenase and thromboxane. Protease inhibitors inhibit carrageenin, prostaglandin E1, bradykinin and histamine induced inflammation, amongst other effects. Therefore, the term "bee venom" as used herein also refers to the administration of one or more of the pharmacologically active components of bee venom, such as melittin or a combination of melittin and peptide 401. The term "bee venom" also, of course, refers to whole venom, as well as to, in the appropriate context, venom or components thereof prepared and purified in accordance with the present invention.
Unlike conventional forms of apitherapy which utilized bee stings, the standardized bee venom preparations preferred in accordance with the present invention are mixed with a liquid carrier. Any carrier which can solublize dried pure bee venom and which is pharmaceutically acceptable for intradermal, subdermal or intramuscular administration may be used in accordance with the present invention. Most preferably, such carriers include sterile and/or deionized water and physiological saline solution, i.e., those containing about 0.9% sodium chloride. Generally, the amount of liquid carrier useful in accordance with the present invention is sufficient to provide a concentration of between about 0.1 to about 10 mg of bee venom per mL. More preferably, the amount of liquid carrier is sufficient to provide a concentration of between about 0.5 and about 5 mg of bee venom per mL. Most preferably, the mixture of liquid carrier and bee venom results about 1 mg of bee venom per mL. For example, 1 g of dried bee venom can be diluted in 1 L (1,000 mL) of normal, injectable, physiological saline (0.9% NaCl). Preferably, this is done at about 20° C. inside a sterile room. The result is a solution containing 1 mg of bee venom per mL. Preferably, the bee venom in accordance with the present invention is whole bee venom.
After filtering through a 25 mcm filter, the standardized bee venom preparation preferably includes between about 0.01 to about 11.0 mg of melittin and about 80 to about 9,500 mcg total protein per mL. More preferably, the resulting pharmaceutical compound includes between about 0.01 to about 0.10 mg of melittin and about 400 to about 4,500 mcg total protein and most preferably, between about 0.04 to about 0.05 mg of melittin and about 800 to 950 mcg of total protein per mL. Most preferably, the bee venom in question will exhibit 40 to 100 HHU/mL of Hyaluronidase activity (diluted to 100 mcg/mL) and is capable of inhibiting gelatin induced aggregation of erythrocytes of 3-5 mm/H.
It will be appreciated that any purification means may be utilized to provide bee venom of similar purity as that resulting from a 25 mcm filter. Such methodologies include normal and reverse phase chromatography, affinity chromatography, recrystallization, immunochemical precipitation, membrane permeation methods as well as other filtration methods.
In addition to the liquid carrier, the bee venom preparations in accordance with the present invention may include other conventional excipients including viscosity modifiers, preservatives and additives such as sodium chloride, various saccharides and the like. These excipients include, without limitation, benzyl alcohol and methylparaban, Ringers solution and other physiologically acceptable materials commonly used in injectable therapeutics.
Typical formulations in accordance with this aspect of the present invention include 11.0 mg of pure dried Apis mellifera venom and 9.0 mg of sodium chloride per each mL of water. Another preferred formulation comprises 11.0 mg of pure dried Apis mellifera venom, 9.0 mg of sodium chloride and 0.009 mL of benzyl alcohol plus 0.991 mL of water. Again, these formulations are preferably filtered through a filtering device which will exclude anything over at least 25 mcm. The use of even finer grade filtering is also contemplated.
When used alone for the treatment of various conditions such as arthritis or multiple sclerosis, or the relief of joint or back pain, for example, multiple doses are typically administered. Generally, bee venom is administered over a course of six to twelve weeks in one or more sessions per week and a number of injections can increase from one or two injections to twenty to fifty or more injections per session. The amount of bee venom, as described herein, which may be administered with each injection may range from between about 0.01 to about 1 mg. Preferably, the amount of bee venom administered is between about 0.05 and about 0.5 mg per injection, and more preferably about 0.1 mg per injection. Thus, 1 mL of either of the two formulations described immediately above can be provided in 10 divided doses of 0.1 mL each with each dose delivering 0.1 mg of bee venom.
Generally in accordance with the present invention, the bee venom containing solution is administered intradermally using a suitable sterile syringe with 0.1 mL graduations and a 25 or 27 gauge needle. The needle should generally range from between about ¼″ to about ⅝″ long. It is appropriate to undertake skin testing of the patient before the first treatment to determine possibility of allergic reaction. A suitable testing area such as the flexor surface of the forearm is used at about ½ of the normal dose, or 0.05 mL, slowly injected to make a small hemispherical bleb. The interpretation of the skin response is based on the size of wheal, size of erythema and the appearance of irregular spreading, pseudo-pod projections from the test area. A normal response appears when there is a pinpoint blood spot which indicates needle insertion, a wheal having a diameter of 0.5 to about 1.0 cm and erythematous changes from about 1″ to about 21″ surrounding the injection site. If no systemic reactions occur within 15 to 30 minutes after injection, the test is considered negative.
When administering intradermally, prior to injection, it is often advisable to withdraw the plunger and observe for blood entering the syringe to avoid intravascular injection. The injections are given in different places dependent upon the affliction. However, for the purposes of mitigating pain and treating arthritis, for example, the injections are given in the painful area first. Most preferably, the injections are given to the tender point or trigger points. Later, one may give injections to the spinal area according to the dermatome chart for maximum effect. Generally, during the course of treatment, alcohol consumption is forbidden, ice packs or mentholated ointment may be applied if local reactions occur and if generalized itching occurs, Benadryl may be taken, preferably in the amount of about 75 mg at bedtime and about 50 mg during the day. Acetaminophen or other antipyretics may be taken as indicated for low grade fever or chills.
This invention also contemplates an apparatus for the collection of venom from honeybees in the purest way using a low voltage electric shock method. The extractor consists of two wooden frames one inside the other. The electric wires are attached to the front surface of the outer frame and the wires are alternately grounded and charged. When a bee comes into contact with two consecutive wires it completes the circuit between the wires and as a result is shocked.
The extractor is placed in front of the hive and connected with an electric timer to a nine volt battery. When the battery is connected, current is allowed to flow alternatively, five seconds on and three seconds off. As soon as the device is turned on, the bees in the hives get excited and start to come out to attack the extractor. At the same time, they spread pheromones into the air which makes other bees angry. When the bees get the electric shock, they bend their lower abdomen and force their stingers into a silicone rubber sheet stretched across one portion of the inner frame. When electricity is off for three seconds, they withdraw their stinger so that they do not die. Pure liquid bee venom is deposited on the underside of the silicone rubber sheet. The inner frame is removed from the outer frame and placed in a sterile box.
The box can be placed in the sterile refrigerator (4° C.) for four to six hours to allow it to air dry. The inner frame will then be taken out of the box and placed in a large sterile cage. Dried venom crystals are easily scraped off using a medical blade. The collected crystallized venom is then put in a sterilized bottle and it is sealed. The venom may also be collected as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,739,531 and 3,163,871, the text of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The use of the standardized formulations in accordance with the present invention in the treatment of various conditions, particularly those described herein, represents a significant advancement over the art. However, being stung by a bee is not a pleasant experience. Being stung 30 times or more certainly raises the level of discomfort. The painful burning sensation experienced by the use of bee venom is unlike other forms of pain and irritation. And while standardized formulations administered intradermally, as preferred in accordance with the present invention, is far more palatable than actual bee stings, the irritation associated with the administration of bee venom can still represent a deterrent to the use of apitherapy. Therefore, in a preferred aspect of the present invention there is provided compositions and methods which mitigate, reduce and, in some instances, even eliminate the irritation associated with the injection of bee venom. This discovery is surprising. First, the use of anesthetics and, in particular, topically applied local anesthetics, does not provide relief from the burning, stinging and other forms of irritation which generally result from, for example, intradermal introduction of bee venom. Yet the concurrent or simultaneous administration of an anesthetic to the same injection site does result in relief.
Unfortunately, the introduction of an anesthetic in this way was found to generate problems not otherwise anticipated. For example, when an appropriate amount of a 2% solution of lidocaine was used, (20 mg/mL lidocaine:1 mg/ml bee venom) significant relief from the stinging, burning and other forms of irritation associated with the intradermal administration of bee venom was realized. However, the lidocaine itself caused irritation which was not associated with the bee venom. The result was a significant improvement over the use of bee venom alone. However, the fact that lidocaine used in amounts which were typically appropriate for, for example, topical or local use, could be associated with additional irritation when used in combination with bee venom was surprising.
It was also unexpectedly found that one could reduce the relative amount of anesthetic introduced to levels far below those generally used in topical and local applications (i.e., 1% and below) resulting in both a significant reduction in the irritation associated with the injection of the bee venom and, at the same time, the elimination of the irritation associated with the, for example, intradermal administration of the anesthetic.
In accordance with this aspect of the present invention, the bee venom used may be that described previously or any other bee venom preparation, purified, filtered or not. The pharmaceutical compounds in question may include the anesthetic mixed into a single solution and administrated in a single syringe. It is not necessary, however, that the bee venom and the anesthetic be injected in a single formulation or even simultaneously. The anesthetic can be formulated separately and administered to the same injection site either after or, more preferably, immediately before the injection of the bee venom. When consecutively administered, it is preferable that the anesthetic be injected no more than an hour before and no longer than 10 minutes after the introduction of the bee venom. More preferably, when consecutively administering the bee venom and anesthetic, the anesthetic is administered within 10 minutes of the bee venom, preferably, within just a few moments before or after. Most preferably, the anesthetic is administered immediately before or immediately after the bee venom.
If the bee venom is to be administered intramuscularly, then the anesthetic should also be administered to the same injection site intramuscularly. The same thing holds true for subdermal or subcutaneous and, most preferably, intradermal administration.
The degree to which irritation associated with the injection of the bee venom is reduced is somewhat subjective. It would depend on a number of factors such as, for example, the individual patient's threshold for pain, the number of injections and the amount of bee venom administered with each injection, the location of the injection site and the depth of injection, intradermal, subcutaneous or intramuscular. However, generally speaking, by the use of an appropriate amount of anesthetic as described and claimed herein, the degree of irritation will be reduced relative to the administration of the same dose, in the same protocol to the same patient without the anesthetic.
Anesthetics in accordance with the present invention include any compound which can reduce the irritation associated with the injection of bee venom. Anesthetics need not be topical or local anesthetics. However, such anesthetics are preferred. In particular, anesthetics useful in accordance with the present invention include: Ambucaine, Amolanone, Amylocalne Hydrochloride, Benoxinate, Benzocaine, Betoxycaine, Biphenamine, Bupivacaine, Butacaine, Butamben, Butanilicaine, Butethamine, Butoxycaine, Carticaine, Chloroprocaine Hydrochloride, Cocaethylene, Cocaine, Cyclomethycaine, Dibucaine Hydrochloride, Dimethisoquin, Dimethocaine, Diperodon Hydrochloride, Dyclonine, Ecgonidine, Ecgonine, Ethyl Chloride, Etidocaine, S-Eucaine, Euprocin, Fenalcomine, Fomocaine, Hexylcaine Hydrochloride, Hydroxytetracaine, Isobutyl p-Aminobenzoate, Leucinocaine Mesylate, Levoxadrol, Lidocaine, Mepivacaine, Meprylcaine, Metabutoxycaine, Methyl Chloride, Myrtecaine, Naepaine, Octacaine, Orthocaine, Oxethazaine, Parethoxycaine, Phenacaine Hydrochloride, Phenol, Piperocaine, Piridocaine, Polidocanol, Plidocanol, Pramoxine, Prilocalne, Procaine, Propanocaine, Proparacaine, Propipocaine, Propoxycaine Hydrochloride, Pseudococaine, Pyrrocaine, Ropivacaine, Salicyl Alcohol, Tetracaine Hydrochloride, Tolycaine, Trimecaine, and Zolamine. The most preferred of these, in accordance with the present invention, is lidocaine.
Understandably, the amount of anesthetic used is generally controlled by the amount of bee venom used. However, the amount may need to be adjusted based on the specifics of the patient's condition, sensitivity to pain or the exact course of treatment. Generally, the amount of anesthetic is provided in a ratio of between about 20:1 to about 1:10 by weight relative to the weight of the bee venom. More preferably, the anesthetic is provided in a ratio of about 10:1 to about 1:5 by weight and more preferably between about 3:1 to about 1:1 by weight.
The liquid carriers and/or excipients used to formulate the anesthetic in accordance with the present invention may be the same or different as that used in formulating the bee venom. It is also possible that the anesthetic is a liquid or is purchased in a formulation in which it is premixed with one or more carriers and/or excipients. In that case, no additional carriers or excipients need be used for the anesthetic. Furthermore, these types of anesthetic formulations could themselves be used as the carrier for the bee venom or mixed with a liquid bee venom formulation such as that described above.
The amount of anesthetic administered is preferably between about 0.01 and about 2.0 mg per injection and more preferably between about 0.05 and about 11.0 mg per injection. Most preferably, the amount of anesthetic administered in each injection is about 0.1 mg per injection.
Typical formulations include: (1) each mL contains pure dried Apis mellifera venom 11.0 mg, sodium chloride 9.0 mg, and lidocaine hydrochloride 11.0 mg in 1 mL water for injection; (2) each mL contains pure dried Apis mellifera venom 11.0 mg, sodium chloride 9.0 mg, lidocaine hydrochloride 11.0 mg, and benzyl alcohol 0.009 mL in 0.991 mL of water for injection; and (3) each mL contains pure dried Apis mellifera venom 11.0 mg, sodium chloride 9.0 mg, lidocaine hydrochloride 11.0 mg and methylparaban 0.1 mg in 1 mL of water for injection.
All of the patients in the following examples had been previously treated with standard medical therapies and yet significant pain persisted. Multiple medications including analgesics, muscle relaxants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, various injections, chiropractic manipulation, physical therapy, and even surgery often failed to relieve patients medical conditions and in particular, their pain.
The examples were performed using a bee venom/lidocaine dosage form of 0.1 mL per injection of a solution of 1:1 bee venom to lidocaine for each dose given from the sixth session on. Prior sessions used bee venom alone. The solutions were formulated with normal saline (9.0 mg/mL) and was filtered through a 25 mcm filter. Each patient was injected with individual injections of 0.1 mL per injection. The number of injections varied with the condition and number of treatments.
In each of the examples, the patients were treated by intradermal injections with formulations in accordance with the present invention twice a week on average for 12 to 20 sessions. In the following examples, "IRA Titer" is a blood test commonly used in diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. A titer score of less than 20 is considered negative which is, in this case, a desirable result. "ESR" stands for "erythrocyte sedimentation rate" which is used as an indicator of an inflammatory condition. Normal is considered on a scale of 1 to 10. Anything higher is problematic and indicates generalized inflammation.
"ROM" means range of motion. The standard for range of motion changes depending on the joint in question. However, the greater the distance between the two end points, the greater the range of motion. Tenderness and swelling are graded on a standard scale using plus signs. Each plus sign generally indicates approximately 20%. The maximum number of plusses (5) indicate a maximum amount of tenderness and/or swelling. "VAS" stands for visual analog scale. This is a method widely recognized for pain measurement. The most common VAS consists of 100 mm horizontal line with two end points labeled no pain and worst pain ever. The patient is requested to place a mark on the 100 mm line at the point which corresponds to the level of pain intensity he or she presently feels. The distance in millimeters from the low end of the VAS to the patient's mark is used as the numerical index of severity of pain. This procedure has been published in Churchill Livingston, Textbook of Pain, New York, 3d ed. 1994 338-339 and in Lea and Febiger, The Management of Pain, Philadelphia, 2d ed. 1990 581-582.
NG is a 39 year old female who suffered from RA for 19 years. She tried every possible treatment including a cancer therapy drug to help her condition. The pain and swelling in her hands and wrists were unbearable and she became disabled. She had 24 sessions of therapy in accordance with the present invention with 95% improvement. Her condition stabilized and no more pain and swelling was noted.
Treatment Treatment
RA Titer (<20 = 268 18
Negative)
ESR (Normal: 0-10) 49 7
ROM (Flextion: 0-70) Wrist - Rt: 15, Wrist - Rt: 55,
Lt: 10 Lt: 60
Tenderness & Swelling +++++ +
VAS (Pain Index) 98 15
HR is a 75 year old female who suffered from degenerative arthritis for over 25 years. Her knees and spine were more involved than other joints. She had 18 treatments in accordance with the present invention and her condition markedly improved. She stopped taking all the medications and is doing well.
Tenderness & +++ 0
ROM (Fl-Ext: 0-120) Knees - Rt: 60, Knees - Rt: 100,
Lt: 75 Lt: 110
VAS (Pain Level) 73 16
MO is a 53 year old female who had long-standing low back problems and multiple operations with fusions. She had 18 months rehabilitation therapy without relief. She had a total of 26 treatments in accordance with the present invention with moderate improvement. No more medications were needed. Follow-up visits monthly when it is necessary.
Tenderness & +++++ +
PA is a 32 year old female who suffered with Fibromyalgia. All prior medical and psychological treatments were unsuccessful. Trigger point injections were given in multiple areas. Total 16 treatments with complete relief. Note—a "trigger point" is an area which, when stimulated, causes a sudden pain in a specific area.
Multiple Trigger 14 0
JK is a 43 year old male who suffered from "Tennis Elbow" for 4 years. Conventional approaches failed. After a total of 12 treatment sessions with formulations in accordance with the present invention, his recovery was nearly complete.
VAS (Pain Level) 65 0
BO is a 56 year old male with Frozen Shoulder. Medications, injections and an operation failed. His range of motion was limited to 20% with constant pain. After 14 treatment sessions with formulations in accordance with the present invention, his recovery was complete.
Tenderness ++++ 0
ROM Limited to 20% Full Motion
Chronic Surgical Inflammation
BC is a 49 year old male who had more than 10 abdominal surgeries due to bleeding ulcers, alcoholic chirrosis and intestinal obstructions. Due to a phantom gallbladder pain and surgical pain, he was heavily addicted to medications. After 28 treatment sessions with formulations in accordance with the present invention, and with the injections concentrating at surgical scars, relief was nearly 100%.
Tenderness +++++ +
Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN)
JP is a 78 year old female who suffered from shingles. Medical and surgical treatments failed. She experienced a nearly 90% improvement after 16 treatments in accordance with the present invention. Note—a "bleb" is a blister or bulla.
Blebs at Thoracic +++ 0
Hypersensitivity +++++ +
(Touch)
VAS (Pain Level) 100 28
TH is a 28 year old male who suffered from psoriasis for 7 years. Medications were helping only temporarily. His condition was severe, so that he could not wear short pants even on hot summer days. After a total of 24 sessions, marked improvement was realized. Follow-up treatment was required at least once a month.
SR is a 47 year old female with multiple sclerosis for 15 years. Despite all the conventional treatments, her condition progressively worsened. She continuously felt tingling and numbness in her legs, lost 40% of bladder control, lost strength in her extremities and her balance was so terrible that she had to depend upon a cane or walker. After a total of 28 treatment sessions, a marked improvement was observed in her condition. Her bladder control is now 100% and she no longer needs a cane or walker. She requires follow-up visits every 3 to 4 weeks for foreseeable future.
Muscle Weakness ++++ +
Spasticity +++++ ++
Bladder Control 60% 100%
Balance Poor Good
Using a Cane or Yes No
Thirty patients, including the 10 patients described in Examples 1-10 were treated with the appropriate amount of bee venom alone for the first five (5) sessions. All subsequent sessions (number varied from patient to patient) were treated with a solution of 1:1 bee venom to lidocaine as described under the general heading "Examples" above. Patients were never told which formulation they were given and patients were asked about the level and type of pain and discomfort realized after each treatment. Patients were also checked for body language, degree of wincing, reluctance to treatment, etc.
97% of patients objectively reported lower injection site pain and discomfort using the venom/lidocaine formulation. There was less fear about further injections, and since using this invention, the number of patients who drop out of treatment has dropped dramatically. The pain relief was consistent in that patients did not experience a sudden increase in pain as would be expected from the relatively short lived pain relief otherwise expected for small doses of these types of anesthetics.
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text:
MAKEOUT
Story Untold, Handguns, Anytime Soon
The Voltage Lounge
Fusing propulsive punk energy, stadium-size pop prowess, alternative sizzle, and a ball-busting sense of humor, Makeout play the soundtrack to the best night of your life. Think of the Massachusetts quartet—Sam Boxold [vocals, guitar], Tyler Young [guitar], Alex Lofton [bass], and Scott Eckel [drums]—as the illegitimate offspring of Paramore, All Time Low, and Steel Panther, and you'll be halfway there.
All comparisons aside, Sam sums up the group's 2017 full-length debut, The Good Life [Rise Records], best…
"The record sounds like a party," exclaims the frontman. "There are so many different influences touching it, but it doesn't feel like anybody's uncomfortable. That's the kind of party we like!"
Whether or not the last statement is true, Sam and Tyler met each other as high schoolers in the Northeast's fertile underground music scene (we can confirm that for sure!). After a revolving door of projects, the two joined forces with Alex in Trophy Wives. The group built a serious local buzz, performing on the Massachusetts date of the Warped Tour and winning an Ernie Battle of The Bands judged by none other than iconic GRAMMY® Award-nominated producer John Feldmann [blink-182, Good Charlotte, Sleeping With Sirens].
Impressed by the boys, the studio guru signed them to a production deal. Joined by Australian drummer Scott, they settled on a new moniker, Makeout, and holed up at Feldmann's home studio for a month in 2016 between dates supporting longtime heroes blink-182. Throughout this whirlwind, they collaborated with the likes of 5 Seconds of Summer's Ashton Irwin and Calum Hood as well as legendary skinsman Travis Barker on what would become The Good Life.
"All of those influences are in the record," Alex goes on. "There's a diverse feel, because all of these people brought the best out of us."
"John kept us on our toes," Sam continues. "One of the biggest influences I felt was from his lyrical attitude. He'll drive the flow of the vocalist in a very specific direction. He made my vocals sound a little more badass and real. It flowed in a way that there was never a stale moment."
That holds true for all 12 songs. "Childish" bursts out of the gate on a guitar gallop punctuated by arena-ready percussion and an unshakable chant. "We wanted to write a song about how it feels to be a kid," explains the singer. "It's that freedom from jobs and bills. There's not much drama. It touches on that."
Meanwhile, the first single "Crazy" explodes into a massive refrain between hilarious hashtaggable admissions such as, "I'm in the studio in fucking Calabasas. The Kardashians live here" and "I can't go back to working at McDonalds. Can't afford any more of your Sephora addiction."
"It's a lighthearted take on girl trouble," Sam smiles. "It could be extended to either gender. It resulted from a feel sesh talking about life."
"Where's My Charger?" surprises with a subtle twang, while "Blast Off" illuminates their knack for a hard-hitting and heavy hook.
Ultimately, everything is a part of The Good Life Makeout encourage…
"Being in a band and doing this professionally is something we've all really wanted for a long time," Tyler leaves off. "To us, this is The Good Life. We hope everyone gets to live their version of it."
Story Untold
Story Untold (formerly known as Amasic) is a pop punk quintet based in Montreal, Canada that was founded in 2012.
Handguns could never be defined as a band that got together to make money or even to garner fame. Handguns could be defined as a group of dudes that formed a band because they love playing music and hate 9-5's. Sound cliché? Sure. But give this band a listen and you'll quickly learn they were indeed destined to play music and to stay far away from cubicles.
The creation of Handguns, made up of Taylor Eby (vocals), Kyle Vaught (guitar), Brandon Pagano (lead guitar), CJ Wilson (bass) and Woody Spokas (drums), was simple: they despised working "real" jobs and loved making music. For Handguns, it was organic. They all knew their fate and it wasn't going to be behind a desk.
"The only thing that has ever made sense to me was music," states Taylor Eby. "I love being in this band and traveling the world and seeing new places and meeting new people."
Before they were Handguns, Taylor, Nathan, and Woody all played in other pop punk bands in Pennsylvania and eventually decided it was time to gather and conquer. Once their lineup was in order, it wasn't long before they were churning out some of the most aggressive and catchiest pop punk fans had ever heard.
Starting Handguns and leaving everything they knew behind was a risk for all of them, but a risk they were all willing to take. "As soon as we started playing I knew what we had to do. Sell everything and just go for it. And that's what we did," says Eby.
Go for it is exactly what they did. Since their start, Handguns has toured the U.S. with numerous bands including A Loss For Words, The Wonder Years and The Story So Far and released three albums including Anywhere But Home, Don't Bite Your Tongue, and their newest release, Angst.
Handguns newest record Angst, which was produced by Chris Curren and Evan Phamakis (formerly of VANNA), is the album the band had wanted to make for years and their proudest accomplishment to date. The band wrote and demoed Angst in an old storage unit they were squatting in illegally, which then moved on to be recorded at Webster Lake Studios. While squatting, they collaborated on the lyrics, which derived from life experiences, situations everyone could relate to.
And while Angst is relatable, Handguns newest record doesn't surrender to the typical pop punk box it would usually be checked off in, but overpowers it. Angst is a more mature album than Handguns' past recordings- taking tips from bands like MxPx, The Bouncing Souls and New Found Glory, it revives pop punk with melodic gang vocals and fast paced tempos.
The future only holds good things for Handguns, with touring until the end of the year and reaping all the accolades thoroughly deserved for Angst. What's next for Handguns you ask? Well, that's simple. Keep going.
"We want to keep making the records we want to make and let that take us as far as it will take us," says Taylor. "We aren't going to put a limit on anything."
Timecop1983, Arcade High, Korine
Icon For Hire
R.A The Rugged Man
Sun, July 28
Fri, August 2
The METATOUR: 3TEETH
MAKEOUT with Story Untold, Handguns, Anytime Soon
Saturday, January 19 · Doors 5:00 PM / Show 5:30 PM at The Voltage Lounge


Insiders Information Review Does Insiders Information Software Scam Or Legit?
Insiders Information If you are a Forex trader, every thing in your business revolves around the point. And if you're thinking of Forex trading, this shortcut strange and funny even, in fact, will be stationed point the reality of your life while continuing your work in the world of Forex.
If you ever heard one Almtdaoliyn in the forex market says, "" I gained 130 Pip in the last two "or" you gain 24 Pip today. "I told you that this certainly sounds good, but what exactly is the Pip?
The Pip mean "Percentage in Point" in English and is the mean percentage point. The point is the smallest unit of measurement of the price of any currency. And is the fourth decimal after the comma in all currency pairs, and is equal to 0.0001 of the exchange rate. If you purchase USDCHF on the price of 0.9330, and then you sell it at the price of 0.9345, you gained 15 points, or Pip.
The only exception to this rule is a pair USDJPY, because this pair consists of two digits after the decimal point, and thus the Pip in this case is equal to 0.01.
Point useful because they calculate the value of the profit and loss basis. But the point value varies according to the different measurement currency (dollars, euros, yen, ...). Consequently, and to facilitate the calculation of the Pip process, we will as the US dollar as a unit supported in this context measure. Point or the Pip equal to US dollars ten when using a full decade (S Lott) if the US dollar is the currency of "measurement" or the second end of the pair, such as the EURUSD or GBPUSD, and equal to 10 divided by the value of the pair price if the US dollar was the currency "basically" or the first party of such husband or USDCHF USDJPY. If the dealer uses parts of the contract (or mini-tenths Lott), each equal to Pip One US dollar if the US dollar was the currency of measurement, and 1 / pair price, if the US dollar was the currency basis.


text:
/**
 * This file is part of the CernVM File System.
 *
 * Tester for external cache plugins.
 */

#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <cstdio>
#include <string>

#include "env.h"

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  CvmfsEnvironment* env = new CvmfsEnvironment(argc, argv);
  ::testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
  ::testing::FLAGS_gtest_death_test_style = "threadsafe";
  ::testing::AddGlobalTestEnvironment(env);
  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


David "Dave" Finbow ( February 27 1968) is a former English professional snooker player from Worcester. In his career, he managed to beat players such as Ronnie O'Sullivan, Ken Doherty and James Wattana. Throughout his career he reached five quarter-finals in ranking tournaments, as well as the last 16 of many events and he once looked as if he could get into the top 16 of the world rankings. However, his results in tournaments suffered, which was partly due to suffering from anxiety attacks which caused him to feel nauseated and unable to concentrate in a match. Unfortunately for Finbow he could not find a cure, and despite taking prescribed medication and trying a number of solutions it did not cure his anxiety attacks completely. After beating David Gray and Dave Harold to reach the last 16 of the 2001 UK Championship he was playing Ronnie O'Sullivan, but suffered a particularly bad anxiety attack, and was forced to retire the match at 8-0 down. After the match he expressed his distress and by the end of the 2002-2003 season he announced his retirement from the game altogether.


Calculate maces of platinum per 48.5 cubic feet unit. The platinum converter.
TOGGLE : from maces into cubic feet in the other way around.
Convert platinum measuring units between cubic foot (cu ft - ft3) and maces (tsin) of platinum but in the other direction from maces into cubic feet.
This online platinum from cu ft - ft3 into tsin (precious metal) converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals. It can help when selling scrap metals for recycling.
1. in practicing cubic feet and maces ( cu ft - ft3 vs. tsin ) exchange.
How many maces of platinum are in 1 cubic foot? The answer is: The change of 1 cu ft - ft3 ( cubic foot ) unit of a platinum amount equals = to 160,854.38 tsin ( mace ) as the equivalent measure for the same platinum type.
In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solutions. Subjects of high economic value such as stocks, foreign exchange market and various units in precious metals trading, money, financing ( to list just several of all kinds of investments ), are way too important. Different matters seek an accurate financial advice first, with a plan. Especially precise prices-versus-sizes of platinum can have a crucial/pivotal role in investments. If there is an exact known measure in cu ft - ft3 - cubic feet for platinum amount, the rule is that the cubic foot number gets converted into tsin - maces or any other unit of platinum absolutely exactly. It's like an insurance for a trader or investor who is buying. And a saving calculator for having a peace of mind by knowing more about the quantity of e.g. how much industrial commodities is being bought well before it is payed for. It is also a part of savings to my superannuation funds. "Super funds" as we call them in this country.
Conversion for how many maces ( tsin ) of platinum are contained in a cubic foot ( 1 cu ft - ft3 ). Or, how much in maces of platinum is in 1 cubic foot? To link to this platinum - cubic foot to maces online precious metal converter for the answer, simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: platinum from cubic foot (cu ft - ft3) to maces (tsin) metal conversion.
Metal platinum converter from cu ft - ft3 ( cubic feet ) measure to tsin ( maces ) equivalent.


Eau Claire, Wis. (Blugolds.com)- The University of Wisconsin Eau Claire men's tennis team fell to UW-Whitewater 3-6 on Sunday afternoon.
The Blugolds got out to a great start, winning two of three doubles matches. Zach Janssen (Green Bay, Wis./ Notre Dame) and partner Grant Mauthe (Neenah, Wis.) earned a tough victory at number one doubles, defeating Jimmy Engelhart/Alex Gray (UWW-M) 8-7 (7-5). . Daniel Schoen (Brookfield, Wis/ Central) and Matt Christensen (Rochester, Minn. /Century) earned the Blugolds' second doubles victory with a 8-6 triumph at number two doubles.
After a great start in doubles action the Blugolds' were unable to keep momentum on their side. Janssen earned then only point in singles action wtih a three set win at number one singles. Janssen defeated Jimmy Engelhart (UWW-M) 6-3, 6-7 (3-7), 6-3.
The Blugolds' are now 13-7 on the year and ranked #16 in the region. The men will travel to Grinnell College on April 19, match set to start at 4:00pm. They will take on Cornell (IA) the following day at 1:00pm. Keep tabs on the Blugolds on Blugold Game Day or on the 'UWEC Blugolds' app' on your mobile device.


The mod replaces the Empire with the Galactic Republic and the Rebel Alliance with the Confederacy. Will you take up the reins of the Rebellion assume control of the Empire rule the Star Wars Underworld? Star Wars: Empire At War Game Fixes No- CD Files, No- CD Game Fixes, No- CD Patches PC Game Fixes to enable you to play your PC Games without the CD in the drive. Commandez aujourd' hui!
Hatred no CD Star Wars: Empire at War - Forces of Corruption v1. Empire at war no cd.
Republic at War is a total conversion modification for Star Wars Empire at War Forces of Corruption. Empire at war no cd. All fields of research require certain formats of documentation for scholarly articles and publishing. Salut, je vien davoir le jeu et je voudrer savoir ou telecharger le patch pour jouer sans cd ( ceci est légal étant donné ke je possède l' original).
John Forbes Nash Jr. Résultats pertinents à 99 % de Empire War sur biggest totally free game fix & trainer library online for PC Games Je recherche un Crack no cd Pour mon torrent star wars empire at war J' ai chercher sans succès je compte donc sur vous Merci _ _ _ _ _ saillant. Will you take up the reins of the Rebellion rule the Star Wars mand , assume control of the Empire corrupt an entire galaxy in the definitive Star Wars strategy collection.
Random video Look for the NoCD patches on The site is filled with pop up ads but it' s a really good site. It is a time of galactic civil war.
More Star Wars: Empire at War Fixes. 2 r DVD Key von Star wars: Empire at war: b47d- 3d4- 8fa- df62- gr20 Der Code ist leider nur zur Installierung Klappt wahrscheinlich nicht um Online zu spielen.
The biggest totally free game fix & trainer library online for PC Games is MLA Style? MLA referencing has been widely adopted by.
1 mand or corrupt an entire galaxy in the definitive Star Wars strategy collection. Star Wars Empire at War: From the lives of soldiers to the deaths of. Find out how the disease works and how you can avoid it! Sorry my voice volume is low. 2 ENG Star Wars: Empire at War v1. Trouvez votre bonheur parmi des millions d' articles. 1 All Star Wars: Empire at War v1.
A War of Frontier and Empire: The Philippine- American War, by David J. Silbey, is the history of a little known conflict, an outgrowth of the Spanish- American War.
Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, [ Fred Anderson] on. * FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.
In this vivid and compelling narrative, the Seven Years' War– long seen as a mere backdrop to the American Revolution– takes on a whole new significance.
Relating the history of the war as it developed. Tetanus Also known as lock- jaw, tetanus causes extreme muscular paralysis.


A law criminalizing religious conversions and the "hurting of religious feelings" went into effect in Nepal this week, a year after the bill was passed.
As World Watch Monitor reported last year, Nepal's Christian minority fears the new law will be abused by those seeking to settle scores — as has happened frequently in neighboring India.
Hindus account for over 80 percent of Nepal's 26 million people. According to the 2011 census, there are just 364,000 Christians. But many observers believe there are significantly more, but that newly converted Christians would be afraid to state their religion and so remain registered as Hindus, and residents absent when the data was collected were recorded as Hindu.
In a recent interview with World Watch Monitor, professor Tanka Subedi, chairperson of Nepal's Religious Liberty Forum, said he was shocked at the comments made by the prime minster earlier this year, when he openly criticized foreign Christians for converting people to other religions.


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It's appropriate that Valerie French's character, Mae Horgan, wears scarlet because she is the cause of all the suffering in Jubal. Mae is married to Shep Horgan (Ernest Borgnine, excellent as a coarse and clueless man with an annoying laugh who nonetheless loves his wife dearly), the owner of a large cattle ranch who finds Jubal Troop (Glenn Ford) almost frozen to death on his way home one night.
Shep brings Jubal to his ranch and offers him a job, which doesn't go over too well with cowhand Pinky (Rod Steiger, as a very effective villain) although the other man, violin-playing Sam (Noah Beery, whose voice is as distinctive here as it is in Something to Get Hung About, where he plays the Sheriff), is friendly enough and tries to be the peacemaker between them.
Jubal is a film that is mostly psychological rather than action-oriented. Jubal impresses Shep and is offered the job of foreman, which angers Pinky since he's been working on the ranch a lot longer than Jubal. Pinky then proceeds to foment trouble between Shep and Jubal whenever he can, and Pinky's words have serious repercussions. And Mae, who has already seduced one cowhand, makes repeated attempts to seduce Jubal and his determined and continued refusal angers her, with tragic results.
There is a subplot in Jubal about a group of religious pioneers heading westward to the "promised land," which serves as a counterpoint to the behavior of the cattlemen but otherwise seems awkward in the movie. Jack Elam (Boot Coby in Bad Night in Big Butte) has a cameo but the role is very small and I didn't recognize him.
There is also a scene about thirty minutes into the movie involving cougars, which naturally reminded me of The Fifth Victim. The color seemed a bit faded in the DVD I watched but the scenery--according to IMDb, the movie was filmed around Jackson Hole, Wyoming--was great. My favorite line was uttered by Shep, "You fellas were any slower, you'd be doin' yesterday's work!" At 101 minutes, this 1956 movie is an interesting alternative to the more common shoot-'em-up Westerns of this era.
Posted by S. L. Schwartz at 5:24 PM
You would think that with Burt Lancaster, Robert Ryan, and Lee J. Cobb as the main characters, Lawman would be a great movie. Unfortunately, you'd think wrong. Not even supporting performances by John McGiver (August Binford in A Fistful of Diamonds and Doc Snively in Witness to a Lynching), J.D. Cannon (Harry Briscoe in five episodes), and Sheree North (Bess Tapscott in The Men That Corrupted Hadleyburg), all of whom are instantly recognizable, can salvage this 1971 film.
Here's the plot, which makes a lot more sense reading it than watching it unfold on the screen: A sheriff, Lancaster's character, from one town goes to another to arrest a group of ranchers, led by Cobb's character, who accidentally killed an old man during a night of drunken revelry in the sheriff's town. Naturally the men do not cooperate and go peacefully back to stand trial.
The rest of Lawman is about what happens when the sheriff goes after the men. Along the way, there are various incidents involving the ASJ guest stars and other actors. It is difficult to keep track of everyone and I was unable to develop any interest in any of the characters.
Lawman seems like a movie composed of scenes strung together without any purpose or reason; it is disjointed and the plot did not hold my attention through its 99 minutes. The music, composed by Jerry Fielding--so I had hopes it would be good but even here I was let down--is intrusive and annoying. There are some weird scenes interspersed throughout, such as two coyotes eating a dead horse. The love scene between Lancaster and North is not believable. The climax, a showdown on Main Street, is violent and although part of it is unexpected, it still is ultimately unsatisfying.
The best part of Lawman is the fact that the church in town looks almost exactly like the one in ASJ. There are no DVD bonus features but that was fine with me as I had no interest in spending any more time than necessary on this movie.


I would try and get something else thrown in if you want to move on from Hill. Essentially it boils down to whether or not you think there is fire with all this smoke regarding a suspension and whether you can absorb losing Hill now or later.
I probably wouldn't pull the trigger at this juncture unless I could get an upside player I really liked thrown in.
I have Hill in my dynasty as well. I believe he is worth more, but that's just me. If I were offered Hill for the 1.05 pick, I would make the trade. If I were offered the 1.05 for Hill, I wouldn't consider it.
With next year's draft class...now I might listen.
I would happily buy Hill in any league (regardless of roster) at 1.5. I would NOT sell Hill for 1.5 in the few leagues I have him. Wouldn't consider it for a minute.


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Home › East Village › When They Stemmed the Flow of Immigrants into New York City
When They Stemmed the Flow of Immigrants into New York City
Karen LoewPosted on May 21, 2014 Posted in East Village, South Village, Uncategorized	— 1 Comment ↓
No longer welcome: Immigrants from southern and eastern Europe were among those subjected to quotas beginning in 1921. Photo from NYPL Digital Collection.
Today's New York City sets population records in at least two ways: We have more total residents than ever before — 8.2 million — and of the total, the greatest number of foreign-born residents ever — just over 3 million, according to 2011 figures in The Newest New Yorkers report from the Department of City Planning. (The percentage of foreign-born residents has been higher, however, as you'll see below.)
Nearly ninety years after passage of the federal Immigration Act of 1924 (enacted on May 26, 1924), this is not what Congress at the time had in mind. After waves of immigration into America, and particularly into New York, brought thousands of Irish, German, Polish, Russian, Hungarian, Italian, Russian and other nationals to our shores, U.S. leaders decided it was time to limit the numbers of incomers perceived as being too poor, sick, radical, or of "inferior stock."
The legislation, also called the Johnson-Reed Act (after sponsors Congressman Albert Johnson and Senator David Reed), sought more homogeneity in the populace by limiting the annual number of immigrants admitted from certain countries to 2% of the number from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890.
The Act enshrined and adapted the earlier provisions of the Emergency Quota Act, enacted 87 years ago this month, on May 19, 1921. This was intended as temporary legislation, but proved to have lasting effects because it instituted new kinds of limits on who could immigrate.
In 1890, 42% of New York City's population of 1.5 million was foreign-born. After the 1924 Act took hold, the percentage fell steadily from 36% in 1920, to 34% in 1930, to 29% in 1940, on down to a low of 18% in 1970.
But policies change, and by the year 2000, immigrants came back strong, making up 36% of the city's population again, and 37% in 2011.
From a collection of Ellis Island images, 1902-1913, this photo is captioned: "A group of immigrants, most wearing fezzes, surrounding a large vessel which is decorated with the star and crescent symbol of the Moslem religion and the Ottoman Turks." Soon it would be harder for such a group to immigrate into New York. NYPL Digital Collection.
The 1921 and 1924 laws "both changed NYC forever," said Dr. Suzanne Wasserman, director of the Gotham Center for NYC History at CUNY Graduate Center. "They set limitations on immigration from eastern and southern Europe. NYC was deeply impacted until the immigration law of 1965 altered the situation, allowing immigrants from Asia and the Caribbean to enter the state in record numbers."
Indeed, those pieces of legislation from nine decades ago cinched the flow of, among others, Italians into the South Village, and Jews into the Lower East Side — a tragedy for Jews seeking refuge as Hitler came to power in Europe. In the East and West Village, one effect over time was that there was more room for other populations untouched by the laws, such as Puerto Ricans — who became U.S. citizens in 1917, but would have been unaffected anyway, as Latin American immigration was not restricted — and relocating New Yorkers, who were often drawn to these neighborhoods for their affordability or bohemian character.
Reflecting the new patterns, today the neighborhoods with the highest immigrant population include Washington Heights, where 60% (or 48,371) of foreign-born residents are from the Dominican Republic, and Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, where 41% (or 31,658) of foreign-born residents are Chinese.
About Karen Loew
Karen Loew is the Director of East Village and Special Projects at GVSHP.
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Tagged with: Emergency Quota Act, immigration, Johnson-Reed Act, Suzanne Wasserman, The Newest New Yorkers
One comment on "When They Stemmed the Flow of Immigrants into New York City"
Mary Brown says:
I'll send a .jpg separately, but I have a clipping from an Italian-language NYC paper dated Thursday 1/24/1924 depicting Father Antonio Demo of Our Lady of Pompei and 8 other prominenti of the Italian community. The caption is incomplete but it explains the photo is of an ad hoc meeting of Italian community leaders for the purpose of composing a written protest to the Johnson Act's limits on Italian migration and creating a "commission" to bring the protest to Washington. I think we're used to American-born, English-language Villagers staying on top of politics and trying to influence them through protest, so it's interesting to see how that same spirit could be found across the Village's population.
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Anarchy in the Village! The Ferrer Modern School says:
[…] The School offered adult classes in political philosophy, history and English language (for immigrants) as well as lectures on art and literature, and music and theater productions. It was the center […]
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Things about interviews
* They are a great way to see parts of London you wouldn't think of travelling to (Enfield yesterday, today it was Lewisham)
* They offered me the job from yesterday even though I told them in a roundabout way I was lousy for the job (hey honesty must count, or maybe I was too roundabout)
* I am still happy where I am for now...
After hearing a few weeks ago that you could apply online to get tix to BBC shows - and they were free - I spent an evening applying for anything and everything. My efforts paid off and in the mail I got tix to a recording tonight of The Now Show. It was at the Drill Hall where I had been to see the True or Falsetto show a few weeks back. Not having listened to much radio in the nine weeks I have been here now I had no idea what it was about. So tonight I discovered:
* It is a comedy show based on current affairs / current events similar to the "Good News Week"
* BBC Radio 4 is for slightly-liberal middle-class intelligensia types who like to talk about issues in moderately-priced restaurants. They must be mainly white too (certainly if the audience was anything to go by)
* Political satire is still alive and well in Britain. And some of it was surprisingly good. The best bit was their sketch on WMD in the vein of looking for the pellet with the potion by following the tank tracks for anthrax and so on and so on.
* Only half the jokes went over my head so I must be keeping up with the latest here
* The studio audience was full of "Now Show devotees" who knew all the cues and the set pieces.
Housekeeping...
Darn I forgot to mention...
* Last Thursday I went out to Heathrow to say farewell to Dr T. It marked 8 weeks since I had arrived at Heathrow so I tried to get something out of that.
* Sunday night I stayed in and watched my very first episode of Coronation Street. Why? Well there was this matter of the first ever gay kiss on the show. It was a bit of an anti-climax to say the least. It was more of a stolen peck. And having to sit through 25 minutes of the show to see it just before the credits came up made me wonder about the Coronation Street and Eastender marathons they show on the weekends... How can people sit through 5 episodes back to back???
* This week the Conservatives have met in Blackpool for their annual conference. Their leader Iain Duncan Smith (who the press call IDC in the headlines which is a rather unfortunate TLA as it sounds like some sort of contraceptive to me) told the Tories today that he has delivered. What he has delivered is anyone's guess. The real opposition to Tony Blair's New Labour is the various other groups within Labour. Poor old IDC has a hard time getting his message across while his partyroom is making no secret about dumping him for somebody else. Anybody else!!
* Freakshows abound now David Blaine is starving in a perspex box near Tower Bridge. This week another freak Derren Brown played Russian Roulette on C4. The catch was that the gun was switched and was fake. But debate ensued. Coronation Street was looking good by midweek!
It might be a good idea to get out of Haringey this weekend as England will be playing Turkey in the Euro 2004 qualifying match. With threats for the players safety and everything else that goes with Turkey - and football / soccer - added intrigue came this week when star player Rio Ferdinand was excluded after failing a random drugs test. The rest of the team were going to strike.


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This project implements Parallelized Naive Bayes method for Classification problems using Hadoop.

#Contibutor:
Abhinav Gupta